gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The multi-Media workstation (1989)

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you very much for taking time out from the parties to join us for one of the peripheral activities of SIGGRAPH. As you know, the panel that we're going to be holding this afternoon is entitled the Multi-Media Workstation. Before I make some introductory remarks, I am required to make some administrative remarks. The first thing is to remind you that the proceedings of all of the panels are being audio taped this year for subsequent transcription and publication. What that means, is that when we have the audience interaction, please come to the microphones that are scattered around the floor to make your remarks. Otherwise, I won't be able to recognize you. The second thing I want to mention to you is that when we're done at 5:15 we are going to vacate the stage. We're going to vacate the room so the AV people can lock up. If you want to continue discussion with us, there's a breakout room that's been set aside, Salon J, which is down around the corner. So join us there please, because we'll be scooting out of here right away. Finally, I need to tell you that the --- for those of you who are involved --- the Pioneers Reception will be held between 6:00 and 9:00 at the Computer Museum this evening, and buses will leave from the Boylston Street exit of the Convention Center at 5:00, 5:30 and 6:00. Absolutely no video or audio taping allowed at the Pioneers. You don't want to hear any of those old reminiscences repeated. Let's get on with the business of the afternoon. Multi-Media Workstations. A couple of preliminary remarks that I think all of my colleagues up here will agree with. The things that we're going to be discussing this afternoon do not represent fundamentally new technologies. You've been able to buy add-in video cards and audio devices for personal computers and workstations for some years now. What we are going to be addressing is a confluence of many technologies --- hardware and software --- that has finally made it possible to envision a fully integrated system that will incorporate all of these multi-media capabilities. So we're giving you a vision of maybe not what you're seeing at this year's SIGGRAPH, but certainly a SIGGRAPH or two from now, I can confidently predict that you're going to be seeing workstations that incorporate the kinds of capabilities that you'll hear discussed this afternoon. I should also emphasize that we are not here to give the kind of a presentation that you might expect from a group of folks --- from the Media Lab or from Xerox PARC who are going to tell you about some of the far-out kinds of things that they're working on. I emphasize again the technologies that are being described this afternoon are almost here and now, and will soon be available to you. Now let me make some comments about how in my particular environment I came to be interested in the concept of a multi-media workstation. I think each of us will probably have different stories to tell about why multi-media is important to the kinds of applications that we're involved with or envision.
Meningococcal Factor H–Binding Protein Variants Expressed by Epidemic Capsular Group A, W‐135, and X Strains from Africa (2009)

Despite extensive natural exposure of the African population, fHbp is conserved among African strains. A native outer membrane vesicle vaccine that expresses fHbp variants can potentially elicit protective antibodies against strains from all capsular groups that cause epidemics in the region.
Novel unsymmetrically π-elongated porphyrin for dye-sensitized TiO2cells (2007)

A novel naphthyl-fused zinc porphyrin carboxylic acid has been synthesized and employed successfully in a dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell, with a power conversion efficiency of 4.1%, which is improved by 50% relative to the unfused porphyrin reference cell.
Superconducting MgB2 Nanowires (2001)

The novel superconductor MgB2 (TC = 39 K) is available as nanowires! Their synthesis has been achieved by a two-step protocol: Slightly Si-doped boron nanowires were generated by transport reaction, and treated with Mg vapor to form polycrystalline nanowires of MgB2 with diameters of 50–400 nm and lengths of several tens of micrometers (see Figure). Superconductivity was proven by a strong Meissner effect at 33 K.
Development of a simplified polymerase chain reactionenzyme immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae (1996)

The 16S rRNA genes of two Chlamydia pneumoniae and two C. psittaci strains of different serovars were sequenced then compared to previously reported Chlamydia 16S rRNA gene sequences. Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific regions were identified and specific primers for nested PCR were synthesized. Nested PCR reactions were performed, in a single tube, by varying the annealing temperature of the amplification cycles. The initial thermal cycles were selected to allow annealing and extension of only the outer primer pair, whilst in later cycles a temperature that allowed inner primer annealing was employed. The inner primers were labelled, one with biotin and the other with fluorescein and consequently the dual labelled amplicon could be immobilized onto antibiotin-coated microtitre plates and detected colorimetrically via an antifluorescein-enzyme conjugate. The assay was found to be sensitive and specific. No cross reactions were observed with C. trachomatis, C. psittaci or other common respiratory pathogens.
The Judge as Law-maker (1996)

An argument is presented that, contrary to some claims, judges do make laws rather than merely interpreting existing legislation. The challenges of applying and creating general principles and of statutory and constitutional interpretations in judicial law-making are discussed.
Considerations for Formulating the Second-Generation Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine with Emphasis on the Cross-Reactive Types Within Groups (1983)

Journal Article Considerations for Formulating the Second-Generation Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine with Emphasis on the Cross-Reactive Types Within Groups Get access J. B. Robbins, J. B. Robbins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Austrian, R. Austrian Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.-J. Lee, C.-J. Lee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. C. Rastogi, S. C. Rastogi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Schiffman, G. Schiffman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Henrichsen, J. Henrichsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. H. Makela, P. H. Makela Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. V. Broome, C. V. Broome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. R. Facklam, R. R. Facklam Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. H. Tiesjema, R. H. Tiesjema Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more J. C. Parke, Jr J. C. Parke, Jr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 148, Issue 6, December 1983, Pages 1136–1159, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/148.6.1136 Published: 01 December 1983
Curly top virus found in perennial shrubs in foothills (1998)

Beet curly top geminivirus damages numerous crops, including beans, beets, spinach, peppers, melons and tomatoes. Both the virus and its vector, the beet leafhopper, overwinter in the foothills surrounding the Central Valley. The known host range of the virus is now recognized to include many native and introduced perennial shrubs in the foothills. This is the first reported detection of the virus in plants in the families Ephedraceae, Rhamnaceae and Salicaceae.
Tunneling in a finite superlattice (1973)

We have computed the transport properties of a finite superlattice from the tunneling point of view. The computed I-V characteristic describes the experimental cases of a limited number of spatial periods or a relatively short electron mean free path.
Inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase suppress nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic‐body formation during apoptosis in HL‐60 cells (1997)

The effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3ABm) and benzamide (BAm), known specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), on actinomycin D (Act D)-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells were examined. These inhibitors had no appreciable effect on apoptotic DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation or PARP restriction cleavage, but clearly inhibited morphological changes, especially nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic-body formation, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the synthesis of ADP-ribose polymers is not essential for the progression of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, but is required in the processes leading to nuclear fragmentation and the subsequent apoptotic-body formation during apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
Modulation of mouse preimplantation development by epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies, antisense RNA, and deoxyoligonucleotides (1993)

Two-cell mouse preimplantation embryos were cultured for 48 h in four different reagents to modulate epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor function. These were rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies to EGF receptor, EGF receptor antisense RNA, and EGF receptor antisense deoxyoligonucleotides. Embryos were scored for two endpoints: onset of cavitation as a measure of trophectoderm differentiation and mean embryo cell number as a measure of cell proliferation. The consistent observations were that cavitation was significantly accelerated by antibodies and delayed by antisense RNA and antisense deoxyoligonucleotides. None of these reagents exerted a significant effect on mean embryo cell number, with one exception, the polyclonal antibody. Our interpretation of these observations is that the antibody binding facilitated cavitation by mimicking natural ligand-receptor binding and inducing the signal transduction cascade that is typical for the EGF receptor. In the case of antisense RNA or deoxyoligonucleotide, we propose that they delayed onset of cavitation by interfering with EGF receptor production. We hypothesize that during this period of development, EGF receptor is concerned predominantly with the regulation of differentiation more than with cell proliferation.
Coordinate Changes in Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform Gene Expression Are Selectively Associated With Alterations in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Phenotype (2002)

We conclude that in human DCM, phenotypic modification is selectively associated with myosin heavy chain isoform changes. These data support the hypothesis that myosin heavy chain isoform changes contribute to disease progression in human DCM.
Depression in Parkinsonʼs Disease (1991)

Approximately 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease experience clinical depression. Neurotransmitter deficits in depression and Parkinson's disease suggest a common lesion may be responsible for this high incidence. In addition to similar psychological profiles, the clinical features of Parkinson's disease and depression likewise overlap making the distinction difficult. Differentiating these two diseases is very important, as each is treatable. The neuroscience nurse is in a unique position to evaluate the patient with Parkinson's disease for signs and symptoms of depression.
Extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus is resistant to complement because of incorporation of host complement control proteins into its envelope (1998)

Vaccinia virus (VV) produces two antigenically and structurally distinct infectious virions, intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). Here we have investigated the resistance of EEV and IMV to neutralization by complement in the absence of immune antibodies. When EEV is challenged with complement from the same species as the cells used to grow the virus, EEV is resistant to neutralization by complement, whereas IMV is not. EEV resistance was not a result of EEV protein B5R, despite its similarity to proteins of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family, or to any of the other EEV proteins tested (A34R, A36R, and A56R gene products). EEV was sensitive to complement when the virus was grown in one species and challenged with complement from a different species, suggesting that complement resistance might be mediated by host RCA incorporated into the EEV outer envelope. This hypothesis was confirmed by several observations: (i) immunoblot analysis revealed that cellular membrane proteins CD46, CD55, CD59, CD71, CD81, and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen were detected in purified EEV but not IMV; (ii) immunoelectron microscopy revealed cellular RCA on the surface of EEV retained on the cell surface; and (iii) EEV derived from rat cells expressing the human RCA CD55 or CD55 and CD59 were more resistant to human complement than EEV derived from control rat cells that expressed neither CD55 nor CD59. These data justify further analysis of the roles of these (and possible other) cellular proteins in EEV biology.
Toward Artificial Developmental Regulators (2003)

A polyamide-peptide conjugate is designed which recruits sequence specifically the developmental regulator Exd to a cognate DNA site. In particular, an eight-ring hairpin polyamide (Im-Im-Py(C3H6NHR)-Py-gamma-Im-Py-Py-Py-beta-Dp) with a heptapeptide (R = Ac-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Met-Lys-Gly-) attached on a central ring was shown to induce cooperative binding of the Drosophila Hox protein cofactor Exd with a Kd of 4.4 nM in vitro, an order of magnitude more efficient than the natural Hox protein partner Ubx. The conjugate joins two sequence specific domains, one for DNA and one for the protein. This small molecule thus serves as a cooperative protein-DNA dimerizer, which mimics the natural Hox family of developmental regulators.
Generation and manipulation of nanostructures by pulsed-laser ablation (2002)

Laser-induced surface structuring of silicon was studied using fluences close to the metering threshold and He gas background atmosphere. The effects of an initial surface microstructured region and of light polarization on the evolution of the surface topography were investigated. The microstructured surface topology consisted of an array of microholes surround by microcones of 2-3 micrometers tip-diameter and over 20 micrometers high. Pulsed laser irradiation of laser- microstructured silicon induces the formation of nanostructures. Nanocolumns having a diameter of 100 to 200 nm and reaching a height of up to 3 micrometers upon cumulative laser pulses grow on top of every microcone. The mechanisms of nanocolumn origin and growth are analyzed. Periodic undulations approximately 10 nm-high are formed when flat silicon substrates are irradiated with polarized laser light. These periodic structures have a wavelength that is a function of the light wavelength and the angle of incidence of the laser beam. At a slightly higher laser fluence, approximately 30 nm-diameter nanoparticles form on the surface of laser irradiated flat silicon specimens. Linear arrays of silicon nanoparticles with fairly uniform size that extend up to a millimeter are formed if the irradiation is performed using polarized light or the irradiated area contains a microstructured region. These nanostructures are analyzed within the frame of the theory of laser induced surface periodic structures.
Interaction between the insulin-like growth factor family and the integrin receptor family in tissue repair processes. Evidence in a rabbit ear dermal ulcer model. (1996)

We have determined previously that IGF-I is dependent on the presence of IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) to act as a wound healing agent. We sought to determine the mechanism whereby IGFBP-1 is able to enhance IGF-I bioactivity. As IGFBP-1 binds both the alpha5beta1 integrin as well as IGF-I in vitro, we asked which of the following interactions were important: (a) the ability of IGFBP-1 to interact with an integrin receptor, and/or (b) the binding of IGF-I by IGFBP-1. We used an IGF-1 analogue (des(1-3)IGF-I) with a > 100-fold reduction in affinity for IGFBP-1 as well as an IGFBP-1 mutant (WGD-IGFBP-1) which does not associate with the alpha5beta1 integrin to selectively abrogate each of these interactions. We also tested the ability of IGFBP-2, a related binding protein which has an arginine-glycine-aspartate sequence but does not associate with integrin family members, to enhance IGF-I bioactivity. Full-thickness dermal wounds were created on rabbit ears; various combinations of native IGF-I, native IGFBP-1, native IGFBP-2, and their respective analogues/mutants were applied to each wound. Wounds were harvested 7 d later for analysis. Only native IGF-I in combination with native IGFBP-1 was effective as a wound healing agent, enhancing reepithelialization and granulation tissue deposition by 64+/-5 and 83+/-12% over controls (P = 0.008 and 0.016, respectively). The same doses of IGF-I/WGD-IGFBP-1, des(1-3)IGF-I/IGFBP-1, and IGF-I/IGFBP-2 were ineffective. We propose that IGF-I physically interacts with IGFBP-1 and that IGFBP-1 also binds to an integrin receptor, most likely the alpha5beta1 integrin. This interaction is unique to IGFBP-1 as the closely related IGFBP-2 had no effect, a finding consistent with its inability to bind to integrin receptors. Our results suggest that activation of both the IGF-I receptor and the alpha5beta1 integrin is required for IGF-I to stimulate wound healing.
Specific expression of the ret proto-oncogene in human neuroblastoma cell lines. (1990)

The expression of the ret proto-oncogene (proto-ret), which possibly encodes two isoforms of a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, was examined in human tumor cell lines. Expression of the proto-ret mRNA was detected in all 11 neuroblastoma cell lines examined. The level of mRNA varied more than 100-fold in these neuroblastoma cell lines and was particularly high in three of them. On the other hand, 19 non-neuroblastoma tumor cell lines derived from solid tumors and a human diploid fibroblast cell line did not express any detectable levels of proto-ret mRNA. No remarkable amplification of the proto-ret or gross structural changes in the coding region were found in these neuroblastoma cell lines. The specific expression of the proto-ret in neuroblastomas suggests that the proto-ret product may have a role in cellular functions specific to neuroblastoma cells.
Immune evasion of microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers (2010)

Colorectal cancers (CRC) develop through 2 major pathways of genetic instability. In contrast to the majority of CRCs, which are characterized by chromosomal instability, high-level microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) CRCs arise as a consequence of the loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) functions and show accumulation of insertion and deletion mutations particularly in microsatellite sequences. MSI-H occurs in about 15% of CRCs, and virtually all CRCs occurring in the context of the hereditary cancer-predisposing Lynch syndrome. These tumors are characterized by a comparably good prognosis and a low frequency of distant metastases. Because of the expression of a defined set of tumor-specific antigens, MSI-H CRCs elicit a strong local and systemic antitumoral immune response of the host and therefore use different strategies to evade the control of the immune system. In this review, we will summarize novel molecular mechanisms that at the same time drive pathogenesis, immunogenicity and immune evasion during the development and progression of MSI-H CRCs. We will focus on the current knowledge about alterations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen presentation and discuss how immune evasion-while offering protection against local antitumoral immune responses-paradoxically might interfere with the ability of the tumor to form distant organ metastases.
IDENTIFYING UNIFORMLY MUTATED SEGMENTS WITHIN REPEATS (2004)

Given a long string of characters from a constant size alphabet we present an algorithm to determine whether its characters have been generated by a single i.i.d. random source. More specifically, consider all possible n-coin models for generating a binary string S, where each bit of S is generated via an independent toss of one of the n coins in the model. The choice of which coin to toss is decided by a random walk on the set of coins where the probability of a coin change is much lower than the probability of using the same coin repeatedly. We present a procedure to evaluate the likelihood of a n-coin model for given S, subject a uniform prior distribution over the parameters of the model (that represent mutation rates and probabilities of copying events). In the absence of detailed prior knowledge of these parameters, the algorithm can be used to determine whether the a posteriori probability for n=1 is higher than for any other n>1. Our algorithm runs in time O(l4logl), where l is the length of S, through a dynamic programming approach which exploits the assumed convexity of the a posteriori probability for n. Our test can be used in the analysis of long alignments between pairs of genomic sequences in a number of ways. For example, functional regions in genome sequences exhibit much lower mutation rates than non-functional regions. Because our test provides means for determining variations in the mutation rate, it may be used to distinguish functional regions from non-functional ones. Another application is in determining whether two highly similar, thus evolutionarily related, genome segments are the result of a single copy event or of a complex series of copy events. This is particularly an issue in evolutionary studies of genome regions rich with repeat segments (especially tandemly repeated segments).
Cardiac troponin-I and risk of heart failure: a community-based cohort study (2008)

In a community-based sample, a direct measure of cardiomyocyte damage, cTnI, indicated a substantially increased risk of heart failure, accounting for other risk factors. Studies investigating the clinical utility of measuring cTnI in asymptomatic individuals are warranted.
Identification of megakaryocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils in colonies of human bone marrow containing neurtophilic granulocytes and erythroblasts (1979)

Pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors in human bone marrow can be identified by their ability to give rise in culture to colonies that contain more than one lineage of hemopoietic differentiation. Growth of these mixed colonies is supported by media conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) and erythropoietin. They can be readily recognized by direct microscopic observation because of their composition of colorless cells and cells with a red appearance typical for hemoglobin. Seventy-three individual mixed colonies from 6 individuals were prepared by cytocentrifugation for further cytological examination. In addition to neutrophilic granulocytes and erythroblasts, megakaryocytes were present in 16 of the 73 colonies, as identified by positive reaction for acid phosphatase. Macrophages were found in 24 and eosinophils in 6 of the 73 colonies.