gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of bovine type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase (1984)

The complete amino acid sequence of the regulatory subunit of type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine skeletal muscle is presented. The S-carboxymethylated protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide to provide a complete set of nonoverlapping fragments. These fragments were overlapped and aligned by using peptides generated by proteolytic cleavage. The protein contains 379 amino acid residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 42 804. As in the type II regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, a pattern of internal gene duplication is observed, which is consistent with two cAMP-binding domains. The two types of regulatory subunit from type I and type II kinase display similarities in domain substructure and in amino acid sequence, which provide a molecular basis for new insight into their regulatory roles. Detailed analyses of the homology of the regulatory subunits of type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of similar relationships to cGMP-dependent protein kinase and Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein are presented in accompanying reports from this laboratory [Takio, K., Smith, S. B., Krebs, E. G., Walsh, K., & Titani, K. (1984) Biochemistry (second paper of three in this issue); Takio, K., Wade, R. D., Smith, S. B., Krebs, E. G., Walsh, K. A., & Titani, K. (1984) Biochemistry (third paper of three in this issue)].
A Fully Integrated 2.4-GHz IEEE 802.15.4-Compliant Transceiver for ZigBee™ Applications (2006)

A single-chip 2.4-GHz CMOS radio transceiver with integrated baseband processing according to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is presented. The transceiver consumes 14.7 mA in receive mode and 15.7 mA in transmit mode. The receiver uses a low-IF topology for high sensitivity and low power consumption, and achieves -101 dBm sensitivity for 1% packet error rate. The transmitter topology is based on a PLL direct-modulation scheme. Optimizations of architecture and circuit design level in order to reduce the transceiver power consumption are described. Special attention is paid to the RF front-end design which consumes 2.4mA in receive mode and features bidirectional RF pins. The 5.77 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip is implemented in a standard 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The transmitter delivers +3 dBm into the 100-Omega differential antenna port
Neural Response Generation via GAN with an Approximate Embedding Layer (2017)

This paper presents a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to model singleturn short-text conversations, which trains a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) network for response generation simultaneously with a discriminative classifier that measures the differences between human-produced responses and machinegenerated ones. In addition, the proposed method introduces an approximate embedding layer to solve the non-differentiable problem caused by the sampling-based output decoding procedure in the Seq2Seq generative model. The GAN setup provides an effective way to avoid noninformative responses (a.k.a "safe responses"), which are frequently observed in traditional neural response generators. The experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing neural response generation models in diversity metrics, with slight increases in relevance scores as well, when evaluated on both a Mandarin corpus and an English corpus.
A Savoury Challenge: Innovative Activities at India Salt (2007)

This case study records the process of planning and engaging in innovative activities by India Salt between October 2003 and February 2004. At the time, the company enjoyed a 26% market share. The company is well reputed in the branded edible salt market. The activities detailed in this case were conducted in order to retain a competitive advantage in the Indian branded edible salt market. Objectives of innovations were determined by engaging the services of an external marketing consultant. The company then had extensive discussions with a salt research agency in India. Comprehensive market research was finally conducted before determining the nature and extent of innovative activities. Please note that the identity of the organization, its employees and the data has been masked to protect confidentiality.
Materials chemistry communications. New preparation method for highly siliceous zeolite films (1992)

T. Sano, Y. Kiyozumi, K. Maeda, M. Toba, S. Niwa and F. Mizukami, J. Mater. Chem., 1992, 2, 141 DOI: 10.1039/JM9920200141
A Zn‐Doped CuO Nanocomposite Shows Enhanced Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities Against Streptococcus Mutans Compared to Nanosized CuO (2013)

Zinc‐doped copper oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and deposited on artificial teeth by sonic irradiation, and the ability of these coatings to restrict biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans is examined. The CuO and Zn:CuO NP‐coated teeth show significant reductions in biofilm formation of 70% and 88%, respectively, compared to uncoated teeth. The mechanism of the Zn:CuO nanoparticles is investigated, revealing that the nanoparticles attach to and penetrate the bacteria and generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that enhance lipid peroxidation and cause cell death. Conversely, the CuO or ZnO NPs do not show this behavior and could not generate intracellular ROS. These results highlight the superior efficacy of Zn:CuO nanocomposites over CuO and ZnO NPs and the role of ROS in their antimicrobial effect.
Effects of Ultrasonic Noise on the Human Body—A Bibliographic Review (2013)

Industrial noise in the working environment has adverse effects on human hearing; literature and private studies confirm that. It has been determined that significant changes in the hearing threshold level occur in the high frequency audiometry, i.e., in the 8-20 kHz frequency range. Therefore, it is important to determine the effect of ultrasonic noise (10-40 kHz) on the human body in the working environment. This review describes hearing and nonhearing effects (thermal effects, subjective symptoms and functional changes) of the exposure to noise emitted by ultrasound devices. Many countries have standard health exposure limits to prevent effects of the exposure to ultrasonic noise in the working environment.
Improving Low Flow Estimation for Ungauged Basins in Korea (2007)

갈수량(low flow)은 과거 자연상태 하천에서 갈수기에 흘렀던 유량으로서 자연과 사람이 공유할 수 있는 최소한의 유량이며, 이수측면에서 하천수의 공급능력을 평가하여 취수량을 설정하는 기준 유량이다. 일본과 우리나라에서는 평균갈수량과 기준갈수량을, 미국과 영국 등에서는 10년빈도 7일 갈수량(<TEX>$7Q_{10}$</TEX>)을 갈수량 지표로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위의 세 지표를 관측자료와 모의 생성자료를 이용하여 비교하고 고찰하여 보았다. 갈수량 산정을 위해서는 과거의 관측 유량자료가 필요하나 국내에는 수위관측시설이 한정되어 있을 뿐 아니라 홍수기에 비해 갈수기 자료가 턱없이 부족하여 갈수량 산정에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 국내에서는 대부분 비유량법(drainage-area ratio method)으로 미계측유역의 갈수량을 산정하고 있다 본 연구에서는 미계측유역(ungauged basin)의 갈수량을 산정하기 위한 방법으로 비유량법과 지역회귀기법(regional regression method), 기저유량상관법(baseflow correlation method)을 국내에 적용하여 보고, 각 방법의 적용시 지침과 국내에 적합한 갈수량 산정방법을 제시하였다. Low flow is a minimum flow discharging during a dry season in a unregulated stream which can be shared by nature and human being. It is also a standard flow that determines a diversion requirement by evaluating water supply ability of streamflow in the aspect of water use. Low flow indices are used as average low flow and 1-day 10-year low flow in Korea and Japan and as 7-day 10-year low flow in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. In this research, these three indices were compared by the data observed and generated. Although daily records are needed to calculate the low flow, gauging stations are limited and records of the dry season are insufficient in Korea. Drainage-area ratio method is mainly used in Korea to estimate the low flow. This research shows the guideline when the drainage-area ratio method, the regional regression method, and the baseflow correlation method to calculate the low flow of ungauged basins are applied and recommends low flow estimation method suitable to Korea.
Molecular trapping of a fluorescent ceramide analogue at the Golgi apparatus of fixed cells: interaction with endogenous lipids provides a trans-Golgi marker for both light and electron microscopy. (1989)

We have previously shown that a fluorescent derivative of ceramide, N-(epsilon-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl-aminocaproyl)-D-eryth ro-sphingosin e (C6-NBD-Cer), vitally stains the Golgi apparatus of cells (Lipsky, N. G., and R. E. Pagano. 1985. Science (Wash. DC). 228:745-747). In the present paper we demonstrate that C6-NBD-Cer also accumulates at the Golgi apparatus of fixed cells and we explore the mechanism by which this occurs. When human skin fibroblasts were fixed with glutaraldehyde and then incubated with C6-NBD-Cer at 2 degrees C, the fluorescent lipid spontaneously transferred into the cells, labeling the Golgi apparatus as well as other intracellular membranes. Subsequent incubations with defatted BSA at 24 degrees C removed excess C6-NBD-Cer from the cells such that fluorescence was then detected only at the Golgi apparatus. Similar results were obtained using other cell types. A method for visualizing the fluorescent lipid at the electron microscopic level, based on the photoconversion of a fluorescent marker to a diaminobenzidine product (Sandell, J. H., and R. H. Masland, 1988. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 36:555-559), is described and evidence is presented that C6-NBD-Cer was localized to the trans cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. While accumulation occurred in cells fixed in various ways, it was inhibited when fixation protocols that extract or modify cellular lipids were used. In addition, Filipin, which forms complexes with cellular cholesterol, labeled the Golgi apparatus of fixed cells and inhibited accumulation of C6-NBD-Cer at the Golgi apparatus. These results are discussed in terms of a simple model based on the physical properties of C6-NBD-Cer and its interactions with endogenous lipids of the Golgi apparatus. Possible implications of these findings for metabolism and transport of (fluorescent) sphingolipids in vivo are also presented.
Integrated optical fiber data link transmitter/receiver for local area network application (1985)

Abstract Optical fiber data link transmitters and receivers have been developed for local area network applications. The features are of wide-bit-rate range and wide dynamic range as well as compact and of highly reliable construction. State-of-the-art LSI technology has been applied for the circuit electronics integration. Design emphasis was also placed on the optical connector development for ease of operation as well as reliable connection and compact size. The data link transmitter and receiver developed utilize an AlGaAs light-emitting diode and a Si PIN photodiode as the light source and detector, respectively. Performance data were obtained for a bit rate range of dc to 35 Mbps and an 18–dB dynamic range.
The human multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP is a plasma membrane drug-efflux pump. (1994)

The multidrug-resistance associated protein MRP is a 180- to 195-kDa membrane protein associated with resistance of human tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs. We have investigated how MRP confers drug resistance in SW-1573 human lung carcinoma cells by generating a subline stably transfected with an expression vector containing MRP cDNA. MRP-overexpressing SW-1573 cells are resistant to doxorubicin, daunorubicin, vincristine, VP-16, colchicine, and rhodamine 123, but not to 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide or taxol. The intracellular accumulation of drug (daunorubicin, vincristine, and VP-16) is decreased and the efflux of drug (daunorubicin) is increased in the transfectant. The decreased accumulation of daunorubicin is abolished by permeabilization of the plasma membrane with digitonin, showing that MRP can lower the intracellular daunorubicin level against a concentration gradient. Anti-MRP antisera predominantly stain the plasma membrane of MRP-overexpressing cells. We conclude that MRP is a plasma membrane drug-efflux pump.
Heparanase Levels Are Elevated in the Plasma of Pediatric Cancer Patients and Correlate with Response to Anticancer Treatment (2007)

Heparanase is an endoglycosidase that specifically cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the major proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surfaces. Heparanase upregulation was documented in an increasing number of primary human tumors, correlating with reduced postoperative survival rate and enhanced tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of the current study was to determine heparanase levels in blood samples collected from pediatric cancer patients using an ELISA method. Heparanase levels were elevated four-fold in the plasma of cancer patients compared with healthy controls (664 +/- 143 vs 163 +/- 18 pg/ml, respectively). Evaluating plasma samples following anticancer therapy revealed reduced heparanase levels (664 +/- 143 vs 429 +/- 82 pg/ml), differences that are statistically highly significant (P = .0048). Of the 55 patients with complete remission (CR) or very good partial remission (VGPR) at restaging, 41 (74.5%) had lower heparanase amounts, whereas 14 patients (25.5%) had similar or higher amounts of plasma heparanase. All nine patients with stable or advancing disease had similar or elevated levels of heparanase on restaging. The results show that heparanase levels are elevated in the plasma of pediatric cancer patients and closely correlate with treatment responsiveness, indicating that heparanase levels can be used to diagnose and monitor patient's response to anticancer treatment.
Statins as Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Atherogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Lessons from the Recent Clinical Trials (2012)

Ample evidence exists in support of the potent anti-inflammatory properties of statins. In cell studies and animal models statins exert beneficial cardiovascular effects. By inhibiting intracellular isoprenoids formation, statins suppress vascular and myocardial inflammation, favorably modulate vascular and myocardial redox state and improve nitric oxide bioavailability. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that further to their lipid lowering effects, statins are useful in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) due to their anti-inflammatory potential. The landmark JUPITER trial suggested that in subjects without CHD, suppression of low-grade inflammation by statins improves clinical outcome. However, recent trials have failed to document any clinical benefit with statins in high risk groups, such in heart failure or chronic kidney disease patients. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing evidence on statins as an anti-inflammatory agent in atherogenesis. We describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for the antiinflammatory effects of statins, as well as clinical data on the non lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory effects of statins on cardiovascular outcomes. Lastly, the controversy of the recent large randomized clinical trials and the issue of statin withdrawal are also discussed.
Total serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. (2005)

The combination of acute hepatocellular injury and red cell haemolysis induced by the invading merozoites may account for the increase in serum LDH activity during this infection. Therefore serum LDH activity is a potentially valuable enzymatic marker of acute, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infection, especially in the absence of other complicating diseases known to be associated with the above normal serum LDH activities.
Crystal Structure of CD26/Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in Complex with Adenosine Deaminase Reveals a Highly Amphiphilic Interface (2004)

Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26) is a homodimeric type II membrane glycoprotein in which the two monomers are subdivided into a beta-propeller domain and an alpha/beta-hydrolase domain. As dipeptidase, DPPIV modulates the activity of various biologically important peptides and, in addition, DPPIV acts as a receptor for adenosine deaminase (ADA), thereby mediating co-stimulatory signals in T-lymphocytes. The 3.0-A resolution crystal structure of the complex formed between human DPPIV and bovine ADA presented here shows that each beta-propeller domain of the DPPIV dimer binds one ADA. At the binding interface, two hydrophobic loops protruding from the beta-propeller domain of DPPIV interact with two hydrophilic and heavily charged alpha-helices of ADA, giving rise to the highest percentage of charged residues involved in a protein-protein contact reported thus far. Additionally, four glycosides linked to Asn229 of DPPIV bind to ADA. In the crystal structure of porcine DPPIV, the observed tetramer formation was suggested to mediate epithelial and lymphocyte cell-cell adhesion. ADA binding to DPPIV could regulate this adhesion, as it would abolish tetramerization.
Non-viral gene delivery for p53. (2000)

Abnormality in the tumor suppressor gene p53 is one of the most common occurrences associated with human neoplasia. Consequently, restoration of wild-type p53 function is seen as a particularly promising approach for cancer gene therapy. In recent years, considerable research effort has centered upon developing and improving non-viral delivery systems as alternatives to viral vectors for gene delivery. These methods include the use of lipoplexes and polyplexes, and even delivery of naked DNA. Optimally effective cancer gene therapy requires treatment of metastatic as well as local disease, and to achieve this end, systemic delivery systems for therapeutic genes will be required. This review will discuss some of the recent advances in ways to improve targeting, transfection efficiency and stability for systemic, non-viral p53 gene therapy.
Potential of Rapeseed Oil as Diesel Engine Fuel (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to achieve a sustainable society, vegetable oil derived from solar energy is a major topic of interest. Vegetable oils are can potentially be utilized as fuel in applications such as engines, gas turbines, furnaces, boilers and steam power plants. In this paper, rapeseed oil as a fuel for diesel engine was studied. There are seven refinement processes that improve the quality of the oil because the rapeseed oil is mainly produced for food. Rapeseed oil is produced from the raw material through compression, solvent extraction, degumming, deoxidation, bleaching, deodorization and a final-refinement process. However, all of these refinement processes are not necessary if the oil is to be used for diesel fuel. The performance of the engines operated by the tested fuels, which were extracted at the end of each of the seven refinement stages, was investigated.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The major findings of this study are as follows. The brake thermal efficiency is unrelated to the refinement process and is almost equal to the performance with diesel fuel. Therefore, it is obvious that the tendency of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission is the same as that of the brake thermal efficiency. The THC emission, the NOx emission and the smoke density do not depend on the refinement processes of the rapeseed oil. The NOx emission and the smoke density level are almost equal to the situation when diesel fuel is used. In THC emission, all the tested fuels were lower than for the diesel fuel. The problem of deposits built-up in the combustion chamber is one which should be solved. Our overall conclusion is that all refinement processes can be omitted when the rapeseed oil is used as fuel in diesel engines.&lt;/div&gt;
3D paint (1990)

This paper advances a means by which the conventions and methods of digital "painting" and image manipulation programs can be extended into the third dimension, providing sculpting tools that are natural and appropriate for a restricted but very useful class of models. Attempts to approximate "drawing" in 3D do not necessarily involve computer graphics [Gregory71]. Efforts in this area are a subject of continuing graphics research [Schmandt82], [Sachs89]. The key to the approach undertaken in the work described here is the use of an unusual hardware technique for displaying video rasters as surfaces. With such a display, existing software for 2D graphics and image processing can be used, without modification, for creating and modifying three-dimensional surfaces. The resulting raster data can then be converted into conventional 3D databases for further processing and display. The aim of this research is to create consistent, unified methods for computer-assisted drawing, painting, modeling, and animation.
RETENTION TIME AND TOXICITY OF A DYE MARKER, SUNDAN RED 7B, ON FORMOSAN AND EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) (1988)

Workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) were force-fed a dye marker, Sudan Red 7B, and confined with different proportions of unmarked termites. No significant mortality due to the dye was detected for up to 8 weeks after the treatment in either species. The marked/unmarked proportion did not affect the retention of the dye or mortality. Workers of C. formosanus retained visible dye for 6 weeks, while significant numbers (10–50%) of marked R. flavipes lost the dye within two weeks. Sudan Red 7B is suitable for estimating population size of C. formosanus with the multiple-marking method where the mark-recapture period extends to 6 weeks. The dye is not an adequate marker for R. flavipes when the mark-recapture period is ≥ 2 weeks.
Rab11b Regulates the Apical Recycling of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Polarized Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2009)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP/PKA-activated anion channel, undergoes efficient apical recycling in polarized epithelia. The regulatory mechanisms underlying CFTR recycling are understood poorly, yet this process is required for proper channel copy number at the apical membrane, and it is defective in the common CFTR mutant, DeltaF508. Herein, we investigated the function of Rab11 isoforms in regulating CFTR trafficking in T84 cells, a colonic epithelial line that expresses CFTR endogenously. Western blotting of immunoisolated Rab11a or Rab11b vesicles revealed localization of endogenous CFTR within both compartments. CFTR function assays performed on T84 cells expressing the Rab11a or Rab11b GDP-locked S25N mutants demonstrated that only the Rab11b mutant inhibited 80% of the cAMP-activated halide efflux and that only the constitutively active Rab11b-Q70L increased the rate constant for stimulated halide efflux. Similarly, RNAi knockdown of Rab11b, but not Rab11a, reduced by 50% the CFTR-mediated anion conductance response. In polarized T84 monolayers, adenoviral expression of Rab11b-S25N resulted in a 70% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated transepithelial anion secretion and a 50% decrease in apical membrane CFTR as assessed by cell surface biotinylation. Biotin protection assays revealed a robust inhibition of CFTR recycling in polarized T84 cells expressing Rab11b-S25N, demonstrating the selective requirement for the Rab11b isoform. This is the first report detailing apical CFTR recycling in a native expression system and to demonstrate that Rab11b regulates apical recycling in polarized epithelial cells.