gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatin Remodeling and Transcriptional Activity of the Bone-specific Osteocalcin Gene Require CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β-dependent Recruitment of SWI/SNF Activity (2006)

Tissue-specific activation of the osteocalcin (OC) gene is associated with changes in chromatin structure at the promoter region. Two nuclease-hypersensitive sites span the key regulatory elements that control basal tissue-specific and vitamin D3-enhanced OC gene transcription. To gain understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in chromatin remodeling of the OC gene, we have examined the requirement for SWI/SNF activity. We inducibly expressed an ATPase-defective BRG1 catalytic subunit that forms inactive SWI/SNF complexes that bind to the OC promoter. This interaction results in inhibition of both basal and vitamin D3-enhanced OC gene transcription and a marked decrease in nuclease hypersensitivity. We find that SWI/SNF is recruited to the OC promoter via the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, which together with Runx2 forms a stable complex to facilitate RNA polymerase II binding and activation of OC gene transcription. Together, our results indicate that the SWI/SNF complex is a key regulator of the chromatin-remodeling events that promote tissue-specific transcription in osteoblasts.
Biotin overproduction by biotin analog-resistant mutants of Bacillus sphaericus. (1983)

Bacillus sphaericus produced larger amounts of biotin when its precursor was added to the mediumafter 24-hr cultivation than when it was added before cultivation. Actithiazic acid (ACM)-and/or 5-(2-thienyl)-valeric acid (TVA)-resistant mutants were induced from B. sphaericus by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. ACM-and TVA-resistant mutant, AB12, excreted 7. 1 times more biotin than the wild type strain. The TVA-resistant mutant, A 16, excreted 1 1.9 times more total biotin than the wild type strain. The reaction conditions for biotin production using resting cells of strain AB12 were investigated. After 48-hr reaction, strain AB12 accumulated 9.5μg/ml of biotin under the optimum conditions.
Tritiated platinum antitumor agents containing the trans‐(d,1)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane carrier ligand (1988)

Abstract Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs today. However, platinum compounds possessing the 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH) carrier ligand offer advantages over cisplatin with regard to bioavailability, activity and decreased renal toxicity. The trans‐(d,1)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane derivatives are the isomeric forms recently chosen by the NCI for large animal studies and phase I/II clinical trials. Here we report the synthesis of four trans‐(d,1)‐1,2‐diaminocyclo‐hexane platinum derivatives labeled with tritium in the cyclohexane ring by catalytic reduction of a cyclohexene precursor with carrier‐free tritium gas over 10% Pd/C.
Reduction of Blood Transfusion Requirement in Open Heart Surgery by Administration of High Doses of Aprotinin - Preliminary Results (1989)

Reduction of homologous blood requirement in cardiac surgery is of increasing interest and may be achieved by various technical and pharmacological means. High-dose aprotinin (about 840 mg, equivalent to 6 million Kallikrein inactivator units), a serine proteinase inhibitor, was administered during open heart surgery to 60 patients refusing homologous blood transfusions or suspected to have an increased risk of bleeding. As a significant decrease in donor blood requirement could be observed, a prospective, randomised double blind study in 80 male patients undergoing primary coronary surgery with high-dose aprotinin administration was performed. Mean blood loss was reduced by 45.9% (652 ml in the treated vs 1204 ml in the untreated group, p less than 0.01) and the mean amount transfused was decreased by 74.2% (242 ml vs 937 ml, p less than 0.01). No homologous blood was needed in 57.9% of the aprotinin-treated patients and in 31.6% of patients not treated with aprotinin.
Purification and Characterization of Tomato Leaf (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Hydroperoxide Lyase (1997)

Hydroperoxide lyase (HPOOH lyase) was extracted from tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and purified to apparent homogeneity by fractionated precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000, ion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration. The enzyme is a trimer of 73 000 Da units with a molecular mass of 216 000 (determined by native−PAGE and gel filtration); its pI is around 4.9. Enzyme activity measurments realized with 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic acid (9-La OOH and 13-La OOH, respectively), α-linolenic acid (9-Ln OOH and 13-Ln OOH, respectively), and γ-linolenic acid (9-γLn OOH and 13-γ-Ln OOH, respectively) revealed a great affinity for 13-Ln OOH. The enzyme is rapidly inhibited by its substrate (13-Ln OOH), but preincubation with the other five hydroperoxides, which are not degraded by the enzyme, also resulted in activity inhibition. Dialysis could not restore the activity. When 13-Ln OOH is reduced in its corresponding alcohol or converted to its methyl ester, the inhibition is reduced. Keywords: Tomato leaves; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; hydroperoxide lyase; linolenic acid hydroperoxide; linoleic acid hydroperoxide
Preparation and properties of poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) / silica hybrid materials by the in situ sol-gel process (1998)

Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)/silica hybrid material has been successfully prepared from styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of a coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) by an in situ sol–gel process. It was observed that the gel time of sol–gel solution was dramatically influenced by the amount of APTES. The hybrid material exhibits optical transparency almost as good as both silica gel and the copolymer. The covalent bonds between organic and inorganic phases were introduced by the aminolysis reaction of the amino group with maleic anhydride units of copolymer to form a copolymer bearing trimethoxysilyl groups, which undergo hydrolytic polycondensation with TEOS. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature of the hybrid materials increases with increasing of SiO2 composition. Photographs of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) inferred that the size of the inorganic particles in the hybrid materials was less than 20 nm. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1607–1613, 1998
Photonic crystal enhanced narrow-band infrared emitters (2002)

We have experimentally and theoretically developed a unique thermally stimulated midinfrared source that emits radiation within a narrow range of wavelengths (δλ/λ⩽0.2). The emission wavelengths are defined by the periodicity of a metal coated silicon–air photonic crystal etched into the emitter surface. The lattice of the holes in the metal mediate the coupling of light into discrete surface plasmon states. This yields surfaces with spectrally nonuniform infrared reflection properties where over much of the IR 90+% of photons are reflected yet, in a narrow spectral region, 90% absorption is observed. Transfer matrix calculations simulate well the position and strength of the absorption features. This technology will afford tunable infrared emitters with high power in a narrow spectral band that are critical for sensing, spectroscopy, and thermophotovoltaic applications.
Neuropilin 1 and neuropilin 2 co‐expression is significantly correlated with increased vascularity and poor prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (2002)

The co-expression of NRP1 and NRP2 genes is significantly correlated with tumor progression through neovascularization in NSCLC. These results suggest that both NRP1 and NRP2 are key molecules for stromal vascularization by cell-retained VEGF in NSCLC.
Region-Based Segmentation And Tracking Of Human Faces (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Developmental Stage-Specific Expression of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein CREB during Spermatogenesis Involves Alternative Exon Splicing (1991)

Spermatogenesis is a temporally regulated developmental process by which the gonadotropin-responsive somatic Sertoli and Leydig cells act interdependently to direct the maturation of the germinal cells. The metabolism of Sertoli and Leydig cells is regulated by the pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH, which, in turn, activate adenylate cyclase. Because the cAMP-second messenger pathway is activated by FSH and LH, we postulated that the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) plays a physiological role in Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. Immunocytochemical analyses of rat testicular sections show a remarkably high expression of CREB in the haploid round spermatids and, to some extent, in pachytene spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Although most of the CREB antigen is detected in the nuclei, some CREB antigen is also present in the cytoplasm. Remarkably, the cytoplasmic CREB results from the translation of a unique alternatively spliced transcript of the CREB gene that incorporates an exon containing multiple stop codons inserted immediately up-stream of the exons encoding the DNA-binding domain of CREB. Thus, the RNA containing the alternatively spliced exon encodes a truncated transcriptional transactivator protein lacking both the DNA-binding domain and nuclear translocation signal of CREB. Most of the CREB transcripts detected in the germinal cells contain the alternatively spliced exon, suggesting a function of the exon to modulate the synthesis of CREB. In the Sertoli cells we observed a striking cyclical (12-day periodicity) increase in the levels of CREB mRNA that coincides with the splicing out of the restrictive exon containing the stop codons. Because earlier studies established that FSH-stimulated cAMP levels in Sertoli cells are also cyclical, and the CREB gene promoter contains cAMP-responsive enhancers, we suggest that the alternative RNA splicing controls a positive autoregulation of CREB gene expression mediated by cAMP.
Ultra-flexible Piezoelectric Devices Integrated with Heart to Harvest the Biomechanical Energy (2015)

Power supply for medical implantable devices (i.e. pacemaker) always challenges not only the surgery but also the battery technology. Here, we report a strategy for energy harvesting from the heart motion by using ultra-flexible piezoelectric device based on lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics that has most excellent piezoelectricity in commercial materials, without any burden or damage to hearts. Experimental swine are selected for in vivo test with different settings, i.e. opened chest, close chest and awake from anesthesia, to simulate the scenario of application in body due to their hearts similar to human. The results show the peak-to-peak voltage can reach as high as 3 V when the ultra-flexible piezoelectric device is fixed from left ventricular apex to right ventricle. This demonstrates the possibility and feasibility of fully using the biomechanical energy from heart motion in human body for sustainably driving implantable devices.
Sequencing CTLA-4 blockade with cell-based immunotherapy for prostate cancer (2013)

Together these studies define a combination regimen using anti-CTLA-4/GVAX immunotherapy and low-dose chemotherapy for potential translation to a clinical trial setting.
Adjuvant activity of water-insoluble surfactants. (1989)

A series of cationic amine and diamine surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and traditional vaccine adjuvants were compared for capacity to induce serum IgG antibody. With one exception, none of the aliphatic primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amines or diamines exhibited adjuvant activity beyond that of the dilute hexadecane emulsion vehicle nor was a structure-activity relationship determined. Avridine, a lipoidal diamine, potentiated the antibody response, but not the level of some nonionic surfactant adjuvants or Freund's adjuvants. Among the nonionic surfactants, T1501 tetronic block copolymer, trehalose dimycolate, sorbitan trioleate, and glycerol trioleate were equivalent (P greater than 0.05) to Freund's complete adjuvant in their capacity to stimulate antibody. The latter two surfactants have not been reported previously. The results suggest that certain nonionic surfactants in dilute oil-in-water emulsions are effective replacements for Freund's adjuvants. Such adjuvant emulsions are easily prepared, easily injected and do not produce the grossly adverse reaction observed with Freund-type water-in-oil emulsions.
Antimicrobial peptides: discovery, design and novel therapeutic strategies (2010)

<title>Abstract</title> The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive account on current antimicrobial peptide research in two major directions. The first direction delineates the classic path for peptide development, ranging through identification, design, structure and mode of action studies. The second direction describes novel strategies for developing peptide therapeutics based on our knowledge of host defence antimicrobial peptides discovered in living organisms. Part I provides an overview of nomenclature, classification and bioinformatic analysis of antimicrobial peptides from bacteria, plants and animals. Subsequently, lantibiotics from bacteria and cyclotides from plants are presented. Part II discusses database-aided peptide prediction and design methods, synthetic combinatorial libraries and peptide mimetics that expand the conformational space of natural antimicrobial peptides. Part III covers the biophysical and structural characterization of antimicrobial peptides and their complexes. Finally, Part IV focuses on novel strategies for developing peptide-based therapies.
Activated neutrophils induce prolonged DNA damage in neighboring cells (1988)

We have measured the capacity of highly-purified, paraffin oil-elicited neutrophils to induce DNA single-strand breaks in a newly established plasmacytoma cell line, RIMPC 2304, which was induced by a retrovirus containing the c-myc and V-Ha-ras oncogenes. This cell line effectively repairs DNA damage induced by gamma-irradiation. DNA damage induced by neutrophils was correlated with the oxidative burst of the neutrophils. The levels of superoxide anion, H2O2, and HOCl produced after stimulation of the neutrophils (6 X 10(5)/cm3) with the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM) were 33.8 microM, 12.8 microM and 1.7 microM respectively in 15 min, and 98 microM, 20 microM and 8.7 microM respectively in 90 min. The results of alkaline elution experiments revealed that when the same concentration of neutrophils was co-incubated for 15 min in serum-free medium with an equal number of radioactively labeled RIMPC 2304 cells, the latter incurred a level of damage that approximated that caused by 300 rad equivalents of gamma-irradiation or by a 1-min treatment with 20 microM H2O2 at 37 degrees C. Damage from neutrophils was coincident with the oxidative burst; it was induced rapidly (within 5 min) but remained high for more than 90 min. The level of damage achieved was dependent upon the ratio of neutrophils: target cells and was clearly detectable at ratios as low as 0.25:1. Induction of single-strand breaks was completely inhibited by catalase and partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase, mannitol, and reduced glutathione but not by Na azide. Addition of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin either enhanced (at 50 microM) or had no effect (at 2 microM) on the damage detected. Finally, repair of strand breaks induced by neutrophils was significantly slower (half-time approximately 10 min) than that observed for repair of similar levels of damage induced by H2O2 or gamma-irradiation (half-times approximately 3 min, each). The results indicate that neutrophils cause prolonged DNA damage in neighboring cells. Moreover, they indicate that although H2O2 produced in the oxidative burst is an essential mediator of the damage observed, additional reactive oxygen intermediates including the superoxide anion are also implicated. The data are discussed in relation to the possible role of neutrophils in chronic inflammation and in pristane-induced plasmacytoma formation in mice.
Spatial registration and normalization of images (1995)

Abstract This paper concerns the spatial and intensity transformations that map one image onto another. We present a general technique that facilitates nonlinear spatial (stereotactic) normalization and image realignment. This technique minimizes the sum of squares between two images following nonlinear spatial deformations and transformations of the voxel (intensity) values. The spatial and intensity transformations are obtained simultaneously, and explicitly, using a least squares solution and a series of linearising devices. The approach is completely noninteractive (automatic), nonlinear, and noniterative. It can be applied in any number of dimensions. Various applications are considered, including the realignment of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) time‐series, the linear (affine) and nonlinear spatial normalization of positron emission tomography (PET) and structural MRI images, the coregistration of PET to structural MRI, and, implicitly, the conjoining of PET and MRI to obtain high resolution functional images. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PWM rectifier with LCL-filter using different current control structures (2007)

The control of a PWM rectifier with LCL-filter using a minimum number of sensors is analyzed. In addition to the DC-link voltage either the converter or line current is measured. Two different ways of current control are shown, analyzed and compared by simulations as well as experimental investigations. Main focus is spent on active damping of the LCL filter resonance and on robustness against line inductance variations.
Restricted Replication of a Cold-Adapted Reassortant Influenza A Virus in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Chimpanzees (1986)

Journal Article Restricted Replication of a Cold-Adapted Reassortant Influenza A Virus in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Chimpanzees Get access Mark H. Snyder, Mark H. Snyder Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Mark H. Snyder, Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William T. London, William T. London Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eveline L. Tierney, Eveline L. Tierney Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hunein F. Maassab, Hunein F. Maassab Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brian R. Murphy Brian R. Murphy Respiratory Virus Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 154, Issue 2, August 1986, Pages 370–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/154.2.370-a Published: 01 August 1986
Termination of Atrial Fibrillation Using Pulsed Low-Energy Far-Field Stimulation (2009)

AF in our model can be terminated by far-field antifibrillation pacing with only 13% of the energy required for cardioversion. Further studies are needed to determine whether this marked reduction in energy can increase the effectiveness and safety of terminating atrial tachyarrhythmias clinically.
Genetic transformation of Brassica (1996)

Abstract Tissue culture regeneration of plants from Brassica species can be achieved from various explant types. Their performance, however, varies with the genotype and age of the explant and is sensitive to medium supplements and Agrobacterium cocultivation. Most Brassica transformations were carried out using Agrobacterium and it was established that nopaline and agropine strains of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes , respectively, are the most efficient. Application of virulence gene induction is ambiguous. Binary vectors are mostly applied in spite of indications that cointegrate vectors are more efficient. Cotransformation is successful with two different bacteria or with one bacterium carrying both plasmids, however, it has proved problematic to integrate the two transgenes into separate loci. Transformations with wild type rol genes develop hairy roots, from which transgenic plants can be regenerated. Vectorless transformation is feasible with microprojectile bombardment of microspore derived embryos being the most promising. Antibiotic markers providing resistance to kanamycin, hygromycin, and spectinomycin are applicable as selectable markers, while chloramphenicol is not suitable. Among herbicides, phosphinotricin gives good results while chlorsulfuron is unsuitable for in vitro selection. Major therapeutic antibiotics being successfully applied are carbenicillin, cefotaxime, amoxycillin, and ticarcillin. Standard methods for evaluating transgenic plants also have been applied to Brassica species. Some breeding objectives obtained through genetic transformation are presented.