gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin (CTNNB1) Promotes Preovulatory Follicular Development but Represses LH-Mediated Ovulation and Luteinization (2010)

Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (WNT)/beta-catenin (CTNNB1) pathway components are expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, direct female gonad development, and are regulated by the pituitary gonadotropins. However, the in vivo functions of CTNNB1 during preovulatory follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization remain unclear. Using a mouse model Ctnnb1((Ex3)fl/fl);Cyp19-Cre (Ctnnb1((Ex3)gc-/-)), expressing dominant stable CTNNB1 in granulosa cells of small antral and preovulatory follicles, we show that CTNNB1 facilitates FSH-induced follicular growth and decreases the follicle atresia (granulosa cell apoptosis). At the molecular level, WNT signaling and FSH synergistically promote the expression of genes required for cell proliferation and estrogen biosynthesis, but decrease FOXO1, which negatively regulates proliferation and steroidogenesis. Conversely, dominant stable CTNNB1 represses LH-induced oocyte maturation, ovulation, luteinization, and progesterone biosynthesis. Specifically, granulosa cells in the Ctnnb1((Ex3)gc)(-/-) mice showed compromised responses to the LH surge and decreased levels of the epidermal growth factor-like factors (Areg and Ereg) that in vivo and in vitro mediate LH action. One underlying mechanism by which CTNNB1 prevents LH responses is by reducing phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, which is essential for the expression of Areg and Ereg. By contrast, depletion of Ctnnb1 using the Ctnnb1(fl/fl);Cyp19-Cre mice did not alter FSH regulation of preovulatory follicular development or female fertility but dramatically enhanced LH induction of genes in granulosa cells in culture. Thus, CTNNB1 can enhance FSH and LH actions in antral follicles but overactivation of CTNNB1 negatively effects LH-induced ovulation and luteinization, highlighting the cell context-dependent and developmental stage-specific interactions of WNT/CTNNB1 pathway and G protein-coupled gonadotropin receptors in female fertility.
In vivo catabolism of human low density lipoprotein in the rat is mediated by a nonsaturable, low‐affinity mechanism (1985)

The degradation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) was analyzed in fasted rats treated for 3 days with either 4-aminopyrazolo-(3,4-d)pyrimidine (4APP) or saline. Treatment with 4APP caused an 80% decrease in serum cholesterol concentration. The mono-exponential serum decay of a tracer amount of labelled LDL was changed neither by 4APP treatment, nor by the simultaneous injection of a bolus of unlabelled LDL. The sites of degradation of human LDL were determined using the nondegradable labelling compound O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose (D125IBS). The sites of degradation and the rate of degradation of D125IBS labelled LDL were also not affected by 4APP treatment or by injection of a bolus of unlabelled LDL. It is concluded that human LDL is catabolised in the rat by way of a nonsaturable, low-affinity mechanism.
Two cellular proteins bind specifically to a purine-rich sequence necessary for the destabilization function of a c-fos protein-coding region determinant of mRNA instability. (1992)

The c-fos proto-oncogene mRNA is rapidly degraded within minutes after its appearance in the cytoplasm of growth factor-stimulated mammalian fibroblasts. At least two functionally independent sequence elements are responsible for the lability of c-fos mRNA. One of these determinants is located within a 0.32-kb sequence present in the protein-coding region. We demonstrate by gel mobility shift experiments and UV cross-linking that at least two protein factors specifically interact with a 56-nucleotide purine-rich sequence located at the 5' end of the 0.32-kb coding region determinant of mRNA instability (CRDI). One protein is predominantly associated with the polysomes, while the other is detected in the post-ribosomal supernatant. Sequence comparison of members of the fos gene family revealed that the high purine content of the protein-binding region is conserved through evolution. Deletion of this region from the 0.32-kb CRDI severely impedes its function as an RNA-destabilizing element. Our results suggest that binding of the two proteins to the purine-rich sequence may participate in the rapid mRNA decay mediated by this 0.32-kb c-fos CRDI.
Effects of non‐invasive, 1,210 nm laser exposure on adipose tissue: Results of a human pilot study (2009)

This in vivo study shows histologic evidence of laser-induced damage of fat. With further development, this might become a useful treatment for disorders involving the fat and/or lower dermis.
CD69 Controls the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Inflammation (2009)

Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness are central issues in the pathogenesis of asthma. CD69 is a membrane molecule transiently expressed on activated lymphocytes, and its selective expression in inflammatory infiltrates suggests that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In CD69-deficient mice, OVA-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness were attenuated. Cell transfer of Ag-primed wild-type but not CD69-deficient CD4 T cells restored the induction of allergic inflammation in CD69-deficient mice, indicating a critical role of CD69 expressed on CD4 T cells. Th2 responses induced by CD69-deficient CD4 T cells in the lung were attenuated, and the migration of CD4 T cells into the asthmatic lung was severely compromised. The expression of VCAM-1 was also substantially altered, suggesting the involvement of VCAM-1 in the CD69-dependent migration of Th2 cells into the asthmatic lung. Interestingly, the administration of anti-CD69 Ab inhibited the induction of the OVA-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. This inhibitory effect induced by the CD69 mAb was observed even after the airway challenge with OVA. These results indicate that CD69 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness and that CD69 could be a possible therapeutic target for asthmatic patients.
Effects of long-term estrogen implants in beef heifers. (1999)

Crossbred beef heifers (n = 78) were assigned randomly to one of three treatments. Heifers received either no implant, one estradiol-releasing implant (Compudose), or two estradiol-releasing implants. Heifers were implanted at birth and then reimplanted every 150 d. Calves were maintained with the cows until weaning at approximately 200 d of age. Heifers were placed in the feedlot as one group and fed a growing diet for 56 d. Following the growing phase, heifers were segregated into their respective treatment groups and fed until selected by industry buyers for harvest. Beginning at 1 yr of age and continuing every 14 d until puberty or harvest, heifers were palpated per rectum, and blood samples were collected for determination of ovarian activity and attainment of puberty. Serum progesterone of > or =1 ng/mL and(or) palpation of a detectable corpus luteum were criteria of puberty. At weaning and again at harvest, an x-ray was taken of the left front leg of six heifers selected randomly from each group. Metacarpal bones III and IV from the same animals were collected at harvest and transected for determination of epiphyseal plate closure. The x-ray scores and the actual measurements had a correlation of .94. Epiphyseal plate closure occurred in a dose-related manner, with heifers on the higher dose of estrogen having earlier plate closure than heifers on the lower dose. At harvest, reproductive tissues and carcass data were collected for all heifers. Eighteen of 25 untreated control heifers (P < .05), 6 of 26 heifers treated with one implant, and 2 of 26 heifers treated with two implants attained puberty by the end of the experiment. No differences (P > .10) were detected among treatment groups for carcass traits. These data suggest that early and continuous treatment of heifers with estradiol implants can retard reproductive function.
Cell-specific expression of SERCA, the exogenous Ca2+ transport ATPase, in cardiac myocytes (2004)

We evaluated various constructs to obtain cell-specific expression of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) gene in cardiac myocytes after cDNA transfer by means of transfections or infections with adenovirus vectors. Expression of exogenous enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and SERCA genes was studied in cultured chicken embryo and neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, skeletal and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes. Whereas the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter yielded high levels of protein expression in all cells studied, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter segments demonstrated high specificity for cardiac myocytes. Their efficiency for protein expression was lower than that of the CMV promoter, but higher than that of cardiac myosin light chain or beta-myosin heavy chain promoter segments. A double virus system for Cre-dependent expression under control of the CMV promoter and Cre expression under control of a cardiac-specific promoter yielded high protein levels in cardiac myocytes, but only partial cell specificity due to significant Cre expression in hepatocytes. Specific intracellular targeting of gene products was demonstrated in situ by specific immunostaining of exogenous SERCA1 and endogenous SERCA2 and comparative fluorescence microscopy. The -374 cTnT promoter segment was the most advantageous of the promoters studied, producing cell-specific SERCA expression and a definite increase over endogenous Ca2+ -ATPase activity as well as faster removal of cytosolic calcium after membrane excitation. We conclude that analysis of promoter efficiency and cell specificity is of definite advantage when cell-specific expression of exogenous SERCA is wanted in cardiac myocytes after cDNA delivery to mixed cell populations.
Shape morphing Kirigami mechanical metamaterials (2016)

Mechanical metamaterials exhibit unusual properties through the shape and movement of their engineered subunits. This work presents a new investigation of the Poisson's ratios of a family of cellular metamaterials based on Kirigami design principles. Kirigami is the art of cutting and folding paper to obtain 3D shapes. This technique allows us to create cellular structures with engineered cuts and folds that produce large shape and volume changes, and with extremely directional, tuneable mechanical properties. We demonstrate how to produce these structures from flat sheets of composite materials. By a combination of analytical models and numerical simulations we show how these Kirigami cellular metamaterials can change their deformation characteristics. We also demonstrate the potential of using these classes of mechanical metamaterials for shape change applications like morphing structures.
Speech recognition using autocorrelation analysis (1968)

Experiments are described in which word recognition is based on digital autocorrelation analysis followed by computer pattern matching. Incoming speech is split into two frequency bands, and the signals in each band are quantized into two amplitude levels. The two signals are fed to separate autocorrelators, consisting of binary shift registers, digital multipliers, and RC integrators. The low- and high-frequency correlators have, respectively, 10 and 8 outputs which are coded into a 36-bit character, sampled 40 times per second, and fed to a digital computer for recognition. In the computer, master patterns in the form of a 36 ×30 matrix, are generated for each word of the vocabulary from a number of known utterances of the word. Unknown utterances are then compared with each master pattern in turn, and the best match determined by a simple scoring technique; if desired, master patterns can be "updated" when correct recognition occurs. Master patterns can be formed from either one or several speakers; when formed from a single speaker, and with a vocabulary of 10 words, subsequent utterances by the same speaker are recognized with an average accuracy of 90 percent.
Construction of a novel RNA-transcript-trimming plasmid which can be used bothin vitroin place of run-off and (G)-free transcriptions andin vivoas multi-sequences transcription vectors (1991)

We have constructed a new transcription system that allows trimming of both 5' and 3'-termini of any RNA transcripts by means of cis-acting ribozyme activities. The vector consists of a promoter, '5' Processing Ribozyme', any DNA template to be transcribed, and '3' Processing Ribozyme' sequences. When the vector possessing T7 promoter was tested in vitro, the transcription efficiency from the circular template was over ten-fold higher than using linearized template (run-off transcription). Further, since uniform RNAs with defined 5'- and 3'-ends can be produced, this strategy complements the conventional run-off transcription. Also the 5'-/3'-trimmed uniform RNA can function as a reporter in elucidating transcription factors and promoter regions in vitro, this strategy can replace the widely used (G)-free transcription (Sawadogo and Roeder (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4394-4398). With this strategy, in addition to the advantage that the template DNA need not be linearized prior to transcription, a cytidine-minus sequence is no longer necessary for quantitative analysis of transcription factors. Since any sequences including those of RNA virus can be inserted between the '5' Processing Ribozyme' and the '3' Processing Ribozyme' sequences, and the entire unit can be inserted into any genes under active transcription, this construct is useful like that of Dzianott and Bujarski ((1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 4823-4827) for RNA virologists because these strategies provide RNA transcripts without heterologous sequences which may greatly diminish infectivity. Moreover, since the construct can also be used in vivo, multi-transcripts such as trans-acting ribozymes targeted to various sites would be produced by concatenating the entire units in tandem.
Continuous MLL-ENL Expression Is Necessary to Establish a “Hox Code” and Maintain Immortalization of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2005)

The t[(11;19)(p22;q23)] translocation, which gives rise to the MLL-ENL fusion protein, is commonly found in infant acute leukemias of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineage. To investigate the molecular mechanism of immortalization by MLL-ENL we established a Tet-regulatable system of MLL-ENL expression in primary hematopoietic progenitor cells. Immortalized myeloid cell lines were generated, which are dependent on continued MLL-ENL expression for their survival and proliferation. These cells either terminally differentiate or die when MLL-ENL expression is turned off with doxycycline. The expression profile of all 39 murine Hox genes was analyzed in these cells by real-time quantitative PCR. This analysis showed that loss of MLL-ENL was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of multiple Hoxa genes. By comparing these changes with Hox gene expression in cells induced to differentiate with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, we show for the first time that reduced Hox gene expression is specific to loss of MLL-ENL and is not a consequence of differentiation. Our data also suggest that the Hox cofactor Meis-2 can substitute for Meis-1 function. Thus, MLL-ENL is required to initiate and maintain immortalization of myeloid progenitors and may contribute to leukemogenesis by aberrantly sustaining the expression of a "Hox code" consisting of Hoxa4 to Hoxa11.
Dynamics of electron transfer between intercalated polycyclic molecules: effect of interspersed bases (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics of electron transfer between intercalated polycyclic molecules: effect of interspersed basesAnne M. Brun and Anthony HarrimanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3656–3660Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations211LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
γ-Tubulin-containing abnormal centrioles are induced by insufficient Plk4 in human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells (2009)

Cancer cells frequently induce aberrant centrosomes, which have been implicated in cancer initiation and progression. Human colorectal cancer cells, HCT116, contain aberrant centrioles composed of disorganized cylindrical microtubules and displaced appendages. These cells also express unique centrosome-related structures associated with a subset of centrosomal components, including gamma-tubulin, centrin and PCM1. During hydroxyurea treatment, these abnormal structures become more abundant and undergo a change in shape from small dots to elongated fibers. Although gamma-tubulin seems to exist as a ring complex, the abnormal structures do not support microtubule nucleation. Several lines of evidence suggest that the fibers correspond to a disorganized form of centriolar microtubules. Plk4, a mammalian homolog of ZYG-1 essential for initiation of centriole biogenesis, is not associated with the gamma-tubulin-specific abnormal centrosomes. The amount of Plk4 at each centrosome was less in cells with abnormal centrosomes than cells without gamma-tubulin-specific abnormal centrosomes. In addition, the formation of abnormal structures was abolished by expression of exogenous Plk4, but not SAS6 and Cep135/Bld10p, which are downstream regulators required for the organization of nine-triplet microtubules. These results suggest that HCT116 cells fail to organize the ninefold symmetry of centrioles due to insufficient Plk4.
The effectiveness of deduplication on virtual machine disk images (2009)

Virtualization is becoming widely deployed in servers to efficiently provide many logically separate execution environments while reducing the need for physical servers. While this approach saves physical CPU resources, it still consumes large amounts of storage because each virtual machine (VM) instance requires its own multi-gigabyte disk image. Moreover, existing systems do not support ad hoc block sharing between disk images, instead relying on techniques such as overlays to build multiple VMs from a single "base" image.
Comparison of four computer-aided diagnosis schemes for automated discrimination of myocardial heart disease (2002)

The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different methods, i.e., neural network (NN) with backpropagation learning, NN with genetic-algorithm-based (GA-based) learning, fuzzy reasoning, and the GA-based fuzzy logic approach, for automated discrimination of myocardial heart disease. In our experiments, a total of 90 samples of echocardiographic images from 45 subjects were used. Our results showed that the GA-based fuzzy logic approach is superior to the other three methods. This method enables the classification to achieve a 95.9% of accuracy.
Complete replication of templates by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. (1985)

DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (holoenzyme) processively and rapidly replicates a primed single-stranded DNA circle to produce a duplex with an interruption in the synthetic strand. The precise nature of this discontinuity in the replicative form (RF II) and the influence of the 5' termini of the DNA and RNA primers were analyzed in this study. Virtually all (90%) of the RF II products primed by DNA were nicked structures sealable by Escherichia coli DNA ligase; in 10% of the products, replication proceeded one nucleotide beyond the 5' DNA terminus displacing (but not removing) the 5' terminal nucleotide. With RNA primers, replication generally went beyond the available single-stranded template. The 5' RNA terminus was displaced by 1-5 nucleotides in 85% of the products; a minority of products was nicked (9%) or had short gaps (6%). Termination of synthesis on a linear DNA template was usually (85%) one base shy of completion. Thus, replication by holoenzyme utilizes all, or nearly all, of the available template and shows no significant 5'----3' exonuclease action as observed in primer removal by the "nick-translation" activity of DNA polymerase I.
Design and analysis of in vitro antitumor pharmacodynamic studies. (1995)

The relationship between drug concentration (C), exposure time (t), and the resulting effect (h) for a chemotherapeutic agent is expressed as Cn x t = h. The value of n, derived from curve fitting of the C versus t plot, indicates the relative importance of concentration and exposure time. The selection of concentrations and exposure times in a pharmacodynamic experiment may affect the precision and accuracy of parameter estimation. The use of optimal designs is even more critical when the numbers of experimental conditions are limited by tumor availability (e.g., small size of surgical specimens from patients). The present study used computer-simulated data to define the most efficient in vitro pharmacodynamic experimental designs and the optimal method of pharmacodynamic data analysis. All studies used Monte Carlo simulations to compare designs with varying numbers of drug concentrations, exposure times, and replications. For each selected design, 50-100 error-containing data sets were created by addition of experience-based random errors to expected concentration-response profiles. To compare methods of data analysis, the same 1250 simulated data sets were analyzed by two methods (i.e., surface response method and traditional method). The results showed that simultaneous fitting of drug effect at all concentrations and all exposure times by the surface response method yielded n estimates that had greater precision and accuracy than a traditional method that required sequential determination of the effective inhibitory concentration (e.g., IC50) and then the n value using the IC50 at different exposure times. Subsequent studies were analyzed using the surface response method. To evaluate the effect of selection of concentrations and exposure times on the precision of n estimation, between 1100 and 2200 simulated data sets, with 400 observations per data set, were generated using different exposure times and drug concentrations. Because the number of observations was limited to 400, the number of replications at each condition varied depending on the total number of selected conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)