gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Modulates Cell Cycle in the Lateral Ganglionic Eminence (2003)

Dopamine is a neuromodulator the functions of which in the regulation of complex behaviors such as mood, motivation, and attention are well known. Dopamine appears in the brain early in the embryonic period when none of those behaviors is robust, raising the possibility that dopamine may influence brain development. The effects of dopamine on specific developmental processes such as neurogenesis are not fully characterized. The neostriatum is a dopamine-rich region of the developing and mature brain. If dopamine influenced neurogenesis, the effects would likely be pronounced in the neostriatum. Therefore, we examined whether dopamine influenced neostriatal neurogenesis by influencing the cell cycle of progenitor cells in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE), the neuroepithelial precursor of the neostriatum. We show that dopamine arrives in the LGE via the nigrostriatal pathway early in the embryonic period and that neostriatal neurogenesis progresses in a dopamine-rich milieu. Dopamine D1-like receptor activation reduces entry of progenitor cells from the G(1)- to S-phase of the cell cycle, whereas D2-like receptor activation produces the opposite effects by promoting G(1)- to S-phase entry. D1-like effects are prominent in the ventricular zone, and D2-like effects are prominent in the subventricular zone. The overall effects of dopamine on the cell cycle are D1-like effects, most likely because of the preponderance of D1-like binding sites in the embryonic neostriatum. These data reveal a novel developmental role for dopamine and underscore the relevance of dopaminergic signaling in brain development.
Acute renal failure. (1980)

gists stated that "the appearances are those of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.The histological appearances of practolol peritonitis are different...." This is not the appropriate comparison.The patient obviously had fibrosis in the retroperitoneal space and not the peritoneal cavity.The point is that idopathic and drug-related (for example, methysergide) retroperitoneal fibrosis present the same histological picture.'Oxprenolol is also listed in reports of the Committee on Safety of Medicines as being ingested by patients developing sclerosing
High-Speed Detection of Ballistic Photons Propagating through Suspensions Using Spectral Interferometry (1999)

I describe spectral interferometry (SI) with incoherent radiation to detect ballistic photons propagating through suspensions. SI detects mutual interference between a sampling beam and a reference beam, even in cases where the former is not equal to the latter in regard to propagation delay time. I have succeeded in eliminating virtual images by performing three spectral measurements with three different reference beam phases. By removing virtual images, the observed dynamic range is increased by 20 db. SI has potential for improving the image-obtaining time of optical computed tomography. In my experiment, a one-line scan time of 200 µs has been achieved.
Isolation of Pure Disubstituted E Olefins through Mo-Catalyzed Z-Selective Ethenolysis of Stereoisomeric Mixtures (2011)

Monoaryloxide-pyrrolide (MAP) complexes of molybdenum were employed for the selective ethenolysis of 1,2-disubstituted Z olefins in the presence of the corresponding E olefins. Reactions were performed in the presence of 0.02-3.0 mol % catalyst at 22 °C under 20 atm ethylene. We have demonstrated that the Z isomer of an easily accessible E:Z mixture can be destroyed through ethenolysis and the E alkene thereby isolated readily in high yield and exceptional stereoisomeric purity.
Influence of Thermoregulatory Vasomotion and Ambient Temperature Variation on the Accuracy of Core-temperature Estimates by Cutaneous Liquid-crystal Thermometers (1997)

Forehead skin temperatures were better than neck skin temperature at estimating core temperature. Core-to-neck temperature differences frequently exceeded 1 degree C (a 2 degrees C range), whereas two thirds of the core-to-forehead differences were within 0.5 degree C. The core-to-skin temperature differences were, however, only slightly altered by inducing anesthesia, vasomotor action, and typical intraoperative changes in ambient temperature.
New procedures for constitutive analysis (sinh-Arrhenius) and for flow curve calculation applied to 316 stainless steel (1992)

A new procedure is presented for determining the Tanaka formulation of the constitutive equation representing the dependence of peak stress σp on temperature T and strain rate ε derived from torsion tests on 316 stainless steel: where α, n and T’ are constants. The peak strain εp is shown to be linearly dependent on σp. The flow curves up to the peak can be calculated by the equation where c is a constant evaluated as 0.193 and is associated with average errors of less than 2%. The constitutive constants are compared with those in the literature for similar stainless steels.
The invariant chain transports TNF family member CD70 to MHC class II compartments in dendritic cells (2010)

CD70 is a TNF-related transmembrane molecule expressed by mature dendritic cells (DCs), which present antigens to T cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In DCs, CD70 localizes with MHC class II molecules in late endosomal vesicles, known as MHC class II compartments (MIICs). MIICs are transported to the immune synapse when a DC contacts an antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell. Consequently, MHC class II and CD70 are simultaneously exposed to the T cell. Thereby, T-cell activation via the antigen receptor and CD70-mediated co-stimulation are synchronized, apparently to optimize the proliferative response. We report here that the invariant chain (Ii), a chaperone known to transport MHC class II to MIICs, performs a similar function for CD70. CD70 was found to travel by default to the plasma membrane, whereas Ii coexpression directed it to late endosomes and/or lysosomes. In cells containing the MHC class II presentation pathway, CD70 localized to MIICs. This localization relied on Ii, since transport of CD70 from the Golgi to MIICs was impeded in Ii-deficient DCs. Biophysical and biochemical studies revealed that CD70 and Ii participate in an MHC-class-II-independent complex. Thus, Ii supports transport of both MHC class II and CD70 to MIICs and thereby coordinates their delivery to CD4(+) T cells.
Treatment of refractory polymyalgia rheumatica with infliximab: a pilot study. (2003)

Our encouraging results suggest that a controlled study may assess the efficacy of infliximab as CS-sparing drug in PMR.
Effects of Sequential Proline Substitutions on Amyloid Formation by Human Amylin20-29 (1999)

Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is the major protein component of the fibril deposits found in the pancreas of individuals with type II diabetes. The central region of amylin, residues 20-29, has been implicated as a key determinate of amyloid formation. To establish which positions are most important for amyloid formation, the wild-type sequence of the 20-29 fragment and a set of 10 variants have been synthesized in which a proline was placed at each position. Proline is energetically unfavorable in the extended cross-beta structure found in amyloid. If a particular position is critical for amyloid formation, then substitution with a proline should inhibit amyloid formation. A proline substitution at any position inhibited aggregation and amyloid formation. Substitution of Asn22, Gly24, and residues 26-28 had the largest effect. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed little secondary structure in these peptides, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed mostly amorphous material. The peptides were much more soluble than the wild-type sequence, and no birefringence was observed with Congo Red staining. Proline substitutions at the N (residues 20 and 21) and C termini showed the least effect. These peptides showed the classic fibril morphology, a significant amount of beta-sheet structure, and exhibited green birefringence when stained with Congo Red. The results indicate that residues 22, 24, and 26-28 play a key role in formation of amyloid by amylin. Positions 23 and 25 also appear to be important, but may be less critical than positions 22, 24, and 26-28.
The human T3 gamma chain is phosphorylated at serine 126 in response to T lymphocyte activation. (1987)

The gamma subunit of the human T lymphocyte T3 antigen is rapidly phosphorylated on serine residues in vivo during the initiation of T cell activation by a polyclonal mitogen (Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin), an activator of protein kinase C (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate), and an elevator of intracellular calcium (ionomycin). The sites of phosphorylation were identified by comparing tryptic peptide analyses of T3 gamma chains labeled in vivo with various synthetic peptides, corresponding to portions of the cytoplasmic domain of the gamma chain that had been labeled in vitro using purified protein kinase C. Two sites, serines 123 and 126, were phosphorylated in response to ionomycin, whereas a single site, serine 126, was phosphorylated when T lymphocytes were stimulated by P. vulgaris phytohemagglutinin or when protein kinase C was directly activated by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Immune activation of T cells via the protein kinase C pathway thus induces phosphorylation of a single site on the T3 gamma chain, namely serine 126.
Myosin Light Chain Kinase-Dependent Microvascular Hyperpermeability in Thermal Injury (2003)

Although the critical role of systemic inflammatory edema in the development of multiple organ failure in patients with massive burns has been fully recognized, the precise mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of blood fluid and proteins in tissues remote from the burn wound are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that circulating factors released during thermal injury cause microvascular leakage by triggering endothelial cell contraction and barrier dysfunction. A third-degree scald burn was induced in rats on the dorsal skin covering 25% total body surface area. The microcirculation and transvascular flux of albumin were observed in the rat mesentery using intravital fluorescence microscopy. The direct effect of circulating factors on microvascular barrier function was assessed by measuring the apparent permeability coefficient of albumin in isolated rat mesenteric venules during perfusion of plasma freshly withdrawn from burned rats. The in vivo study showed that the transvenular flux of albumin was significantly increased over a 6-h period with a maximal response seen at 3 h postburn. Importantly, perfusion of noninjured venules with burn plasma induced a time-dependent increase in albumin permeability. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase C, Src tyrosine kinases, or mast cell activation did not significantly affect the hyperpermeability response; however, blockage of myosin light chain phosphorylation with the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML-7 greatly attenuated the burn-induced increase in venular permeability in a dose-related pattern. The results support a role for endogenous circulating factors in microvascular leakage during burns. Myosin light chain phosphorylation-dependent endothelial contractile response may serve as an end-point effector leading to microvascular barrier dysfunction.
Linkage disequilibrium for schizophrenia at the chromosome 15q13-14 locus of the ?7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7) (2001)

The transmission/disequilibrium test was used for fine mapping of the linkage of schizophrenia to the chromosome 15q13-14 region, the site of a candidate gene, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7), in parent-child triads from the NIMH Schizophrenia Genetics Initiative families. This candidate gene was identified from neurobiological studies of deficits in schizophrenics of the inhibitory gating of the P50 auditory evoked potential. The neurobiological deficit was also used as a phenotype for subsequent linkage analysis. In the present study, significant genotype-wise disequilibrium (P < 0.007) was found at D15S165, a polymorphic simple sequence marker physically located within 1 megabase of both CHRNA7 and a partially duplicated, expressed sequence that includes exons 5-10 of CHRNA7. Replication of this result was found in an additional set of families. The results support this region as a chromosomal location involved in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia.
Three Functional Classes of Transcriptional Activation Domains (1996)

We have studied the abilities of different transactivation domains to stimulate the initiation and elongation (postinitiation) steps of RNA polymerase II transcription in vivo. Nuclear run-on and RNase protection analyses revealed three classes of activation domains: Sp1 and CTF stimulated initiation (type I); human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat fused to a DNA binding domain stimulated predominantly elongation (type IIA); and VP16, p53, and E2F1 stimulated both initiation and elongation (type IIB). A quadruple point mutation of VP16 converted it from a type IIB to a type I activator. Type I and type IIA activators synergized with one another but not with type IIB activators. This observation implies that synergy can result from the concerted action of factors stimulating two different steps in transcription: initiation and elongation. The functional differences between activators may be explained by the different contacts they make with general transcription factors. In support of this idea, we found a correlation between the abilities of activators, including Tat, to stimulate elongation and their abilities to bind TFIIH.
Profile of Brian K. Kobilka and Robert J. Lefkowitz, 2012 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia: report of two cases and review of the literature. (1981)

Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis is a saprophytic inhabitant of the human oropharynx with the capacity to cause infection, particularly in immunodeficient hosts. There have been 2 cases of Branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia reported in the literature. Two additional cases are described and the subject reviewed. An 80-yr-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with left lower lobe pneumonia. Gram stain of transtracheal aspirate revealed intraleukocytic and extraleukocytic gram-negative diplococci, and a beta-lactamase producing strain of Branhamella catarrhalis was cultured. Therapy with erythromycin resulted in resolution of symptoms and eradication of the organism. A 64-ye-old alcoholic man presented with fever and multiple seizures. Chest roentgenogram revealed left lower lobe pneumonia. Cultures of endotracheal aspirate and blood grew a strain of Branhamella catarrhalis sensitive to penicillin. Penicillin treatment resulted in resolution of pulmonary infiltrate and eradication of the organism. The potential for Branhamella catarrhalis to produce pneumonia and the choice of antimicrobial therapy is discussed. It is emphasized that this organism should not be assumed to be a "normal" isolate and that penicillin may be ineffective in the treatment of Branhamella catarrhalis infections.
An improved preparation of benzhydrylamine resin (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved preparation of benzhydrylamine resinWilliam M. BryanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 17, 3371–3372Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00367a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00367a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incorporation of Long CDR3s into V Domains: Implications for the Structural Evolution of the Antibody-Combining Site (2001)

Available data suggest that 'primitive' antibody-combining sites often include longer than average HCDR3s. Long HCDR3 sequences have been reported in diverse vertebrates, including humans, cattle, camels and sharks. These long HCDR3 segments contain unusual sequence features such as stretches of Gly or Pro residues and multiple Cys residues. We examined how longer than average HCDR3s were accommodated in the V domains of human, murine and camel antibodies with known three-dimensional structures. The main conclusions were that (1) HCDR3s longer than 12 residues should protrude outward from the V domains; (2) descending HCDR3 polypeptides may utilize VL (including LCDR3) constituents as a platform, supporting the protruding segments; (3) intra- and inter-HCDR disulfides are frequently formed to rigidify the structure of HCDR3 or the combining site, and (4) V and C domains were possibly more similar in primordial antibodies than they are in their present day counterparts.
Can a Topical Microbicide Prevent Rectal HIV Transmission? (2008)

Florian Hladik and Charlene Dezzutti discuss a macaque study of whether rectal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission can be prevented by topical pre-exposure application of tenofovir gel.
Adaptation of the Diabetes Health Profile (DHP‐1) for use with patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: psychometric evaluation and cross‐cultural comparison (2000)

The DHP-18 developed for use with patients with Type 2 diabetes has been shown to have satisfactory internal reliability and validity and measurement equivalence across language groups.
Mediation of Apoptosis and Proliferation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (2006)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells replicate by the process of self-renewal while maintaining their pluripotency. This process may be regulated by several different pathways and is poorly understood. In this study, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors were localized on hES cells of several cell lines (Shef 1-6), and their presence was verified by RT (reverse transcriptase)-PCR and western blotting. Dual staining with the stem cell marker Tra-1-60 revealed the presence of S1P receptors on pluripotential cells. Medium supplemented with 20 microM S1P significantly reduced the level of apoptosis in cultures of each of the Shef lines. S1P treatment was also found to statistically increase the level of proliferation in cell cultures. All Shef lines responded to S1P treatment in a similar manner; however, minor differences between cell lines were apparent. S1P directs cell fate decisions of many cell types. Here we demonstrate a role for S1P in hES cell survival by reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation.
Purification and properties of a transcriptional activator. The cII protein of phage lambda. (1982)

We have purified the phage lambda transcriptional activator protein cII. The procedure described allows cII to be obtained in both high purity and yield, and thus allows detailed physical and chemical analysis. We demonstrate that cII in solution is a tetrameric protein and that it undergoes specific processing at its NH2-terminal end. In addition, the protein is characterized as to its molar extinction coefficient, molecular weight, amino acid composition, isoelectric point, alpha-helical content, and antigenic capability.
Dual-subtype FIV vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV) protection against a heterologous subtype B FIV isolate (2005)

Vaccine trials were undertaken to determine whether the Fel-O-Vax FIV, a commercial dual-subtype (subtypes A and D) feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine, is effective against a subtype B FIV isolate. Current results demonstrate the Fel-O-Vax FIV to be effective against a subtype B virus, a subtype reported to be the most common in the USA.
Interplay of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Insulin-Positive Differentiation of AR42J Cells (2004)

The differentiation of pancreatic exocrine AR42J cells into insulin-expressing endocrine cells has served as an important model for both endogenous in vivo beta-cell differentiation as well as potential application to beta-cell engineering of progenitor cells. Exogenous activin, possibly working through intracellular smad 2 and/or smad 3, as well as exogenous exendin-4 (a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist) have both been shown to induce insulin-positive/endocrine differentiation in AR42J cells. In this study, we present evidence of significant interplay and interdependence of these two pathways as well as potential synergy between the pathways. In particular, insulin-positive differentiation seems to entail an exendin-4-induced drop in smad 2 and elevation in smad 3 in RNA levels. The latter appears to be dependent on endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta isoform release by the AR42J cells and may serve as a mechanism to promote beta-cell maturation. The drop in smad 2 may mediate early endocrine commitment. The coapplication of exogenous exendin-4 and, specifically, low-dose exogenous TGF-beta1 led to a dramatic 20-fold increase in insulin mRNA levels, supporting a novel synergistic and codependent relationship between exendin-4 signaling and TGF-beta isoform signaling.
Coupling boundary elements to a raytracing procedure (2007)

Abstract Typical outdoor sound propagation problems are governed by two principal phenomena: (i) diffraction in the vicinity of the noise source due to objects such as buildings or insulation barriers, and (ii) refraction at long distances from the source as a consequence of the effects of wind and temperature. The boundary element method (BEM) is well suited to account for the diffraction phenomena in the near field, while the raytracing method based on geometrical acoustics is more effective to deal with the refraction phenomena. In this paper, a new approach is presented which couples the direct BEM and a raytracing model in order to combine their advantages. Two alternative coupling procedures are developed, one is using a singular indirect BEM and the other is based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). The direct boundary element model is applied first for solving the near field and computing the sound pressure along an auxiliary interface which limits the near field extent. Then, a singular indirect BEM or MFS is used to find the intensities of a number of point sources which produce the same sound pressure on the interface to that resulting from the near‐field analysis. Finally, the point sources are the input data for the raytracing model of the far field. A 3D implementation of the proposed method is finally applied to an outdoor sound propagation problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.