gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eigen-structure of the fourth-order cumulant tensor with application to the blind source separation problem (2002)

Higher-order multivariate statistics are addressed. A theoretical discussion is followed by an original application. A special (index-free) tensor formalism to express fourth-order multivariate statistics is proposed. A quadricovariance tensor which contains the fourth-order joint cumulants is defined. In this formalism, the quadricovariance tensor and its eigen-matrices are natural fourth-order generalizations of second-order covariance and eigenvectors, allowing direct extension of many standard second-order method to fourth-order. The idea of an eigen-matrix is then proposed as a solution to the blind source separation problem. The task is to separate a mixture of N independent non-Gaussian signals received on an array of sensors when no information is available about propagation conditions or array geometry (blind situation). This can be achieved only by resorting to higher-order information. Quadricovariance eigen-matrices give a direct solution to this problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intra prediction using multiple reference lines for the versatile video coding standard (2019)

This paper provides a technical overview of the most probable modes (MPM)-based multiple reference line (M-MRL) intra-picture prediction that was adopted into the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard draft at the 12th JVET meeting. M-MRL applies not only the nearest reference line but also farther reference lines to MPMs for intra-picture prediction. The highlighted aspects of the adopted M-MRL scheme include the signaling of the reference line index, discontinuous reference lines, the reference sample construction and prediction for farther reference lines, and the joint reference line and intra mode decisions at encoder side. Experimental results are provided to evaluate the performance of M-MRL on top of the VVC test model VTM-2.0.1 together with an analysis of discontinuous reference lines. The presented M-MRL provides 0.5% bitrate savings for an all intra and 0.2% for a random access configuration on average.
A SDN/NFV based C-RAN architecture for 5G Mobile Networks (2018)

A novel architecture design for Radio Access Networks (RANs) to address critical elements in resource management and to achieve the 5G mobile network requirements is needed. Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) / Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies are recognized as key enabling solutions for the future mobile networks. C-RAN is a new mobile network architecture, characterized by a redistribution of functionalities. More specifically, the baseband processing resources are centralized in remote locations, known as Base Band Unit (BBU) Pool, whereas the radio functionalities, known as Remote Radio Head (RRH), remain in edge locations. SDN focuses on decoupling control and data plane, while NFV performs the functionalities abstraction from the underlying hardware. In this paper, a hierarchical layered software-defined architecture for future 5G networks is proposed. We deploy a Next Generation Fronthaul Interface (NGFI) based architecture, in order to overcome issues related to massive MIMO deployment. Furthermore, in order to implement dynamically different functional splitting options, a virtualized Remote Aggregation Unit (RAU) is proposed. As further contribution, our solution aims to provide new features that facilitate SDN/NFV integration in wireless/mobile environments.
Sequential Vaccination for Containing Epidemics (2020)

The dynamics of infectious diseases spread is crucial in determining their risk and offering ways to contain them. We study sequential vaccination of individuals in networks, where there is a limit on the number of individuals that can be vaccinated every day. Effective allocation of vaccine will play a critical role in preventing the spread and reducing the effects of a future pandemic. We derive methods for calculating upper and lower bounds of the expected number of infected individuals, as well as provide estimates on the number of vaccinations that is needed for containment. We calculate these explicitly on trees, d-dimensional grids, and Erdős Rényi graphs. Finally, we construct a time-dependent budget allocation strategy and demonstrate its superiority over constant budget allocation on real networks following first acquaintance vaccination. Our results provide a principled approach to assess the needed vaccination rate given the social graph topology.
Somatomedins (1980)

IT is now over 20 years since Salmon and Daughaday hypothesized that stimulation of growth by growth hormone (somatotropin) was mediated by a circulating "sulfation factor."1 An understanding of this "factor" was hampered initially by technical problems with bioassay measurements, but recent improvements in methodology and advances in purification have led to increased interest in this area. It has become apparent that "sulfation factor" represents a family of circulating peptides, renamed somatomedins.2 These growth factors differ from other peptide hormones in three major ways: they appear to contribute to the same biologic actions; they appear to circulate bound to larger . . .
Controlled synthesis of single-crystalline InN nanorods (2007)

Single-crystalline InN nanorods were successfully grown on c-Al2O3, GaN, Si(111), and Si(100) substrates by non-catalytic, template-free hydride metal–organic vapour phase epitaxy (H-MOVPE). It was evaluated thermodynamically and confirmed experimentally that the domain of nanorod growth lies in the vicinity of the growth–etch transition. Stable gas phase oligomer formation is suggested as the nucleation mechanism for InN nanoparticle generation. Dislocation-free, high-quality InN nanorods with [00.1] growth axis were formed via an apparent solid–vapour growth mechanism. The nanorod diameter, density, and orientation were controlled by growth temperature, substrate selection, and HCl/TMIn and N/In inlet molar ratios.
Architecture and Assembly of the Bacillus subtilis Spore Coat (2014)

Bacillus spores are encased in a multilayer, proteinaceous self-assembled coat structure that assists in protecting the bacterial genome from stresses and consists of at least 70 proteins. The elucidation of Bacillus spore coat assembly, architecture, and function is critical to determining mechanisms of spore pathogenesis, environmental resistance, immune response, and physicochemical properties. Recently, genetic, biochemical and microscopy methods have provided new insight into spore coat architecture, assembly, structure and function. However, detailed spore coat architecture and assembly, comprehensive understanding of the proteomic composition of coat layers, and specific roles of coat proteins in coat assembly and their precise localization within the coat remain in question. In this study, atomic force microscopy was used to probe the coat structure of Bacillus subtilis wild type and cotA, cotB, safA, cotH, cotO, cotE, gerE, and cotE gerE spores. This approach provided high-resolution visualization of the various spore coat structures, new insight into the function of specific coat proteins, and enabled the development of a detailed model of spore coat architecture. This model is consistent with a recently reported four-layer coat assembly and further adds several coat layers not reported previously. The coat is organized starting from the outside into an outermost amorphous (crust) layer, a rodlet layer, a honeycomb layer, a fibrous layer, a layer of "nanodot" particles, a multilayer assembly, and finally the undercoat/basement layer. We propose that the assembly of the previously unreported fibrous layer, which we link to the darkly stained outer coat seen by electron microscopy, and the nanodot layer are cotH- and cotE- dependent and cotE-specific respectively. We further propose that the inner coat multilayer structure is crystalline with its apparent two-dimensional (2D) nuclei being the first example of a non-mineral 2D nucleation crystallization pattern in a biological organism.
Advanced SOI-MOSFETs with strained-Si channel for high speed CMOS-electron/hole mobility enhancement (2002)

In this work, we propose strained-Si MOSFETs on double-layer SiGe films with different Ge contents as high performance p-MOSFETs. Actually, we demonstrate high hole mobility enhancement (45% against that in control-SOI MOSFETs and 30% against the universal mobility) in strained-SOI p-MOSFETs including double-hetero structures (Si/sub 0.82/Ge/sub 0.18//Si/sub 0.9/Ge/sub 0.1/) for the first time. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the electron mobility in n-channel strained-SOI MOSFETs is enhanced by about 60%, using single SiGe layer with the Ge content of as low as 10%.
Decreased expression of human melanoma-associated antigen ME491 along the progression of melanoma pre-canceroses to invasive and metastatic melanomas. (1993)

ME491 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in the different stages of various types of human malignant melanomas. In addition, the primary and metastatic lesions in five patients were studied to compare the ME491 antigen expression between these lesions in a single patient. A large proportion of cells from melanoma pre-canceroses showed strong ME491 expression, whereas the proportion of negatively stained tumour cells increased in the melanomas invading the dermis and in metastatic melanomas. In addition, a comparison of five sets of primary tumour and its metastatic lesion revealed decreased expression of this antigen in metastases. These results show that the reduction or loss of ME491 antigen expression is associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic ability of human malignant melanoma, suggesting that ME491 may act as an anti-metastatic gene.
α-Helix targeting reduces amyloid-β peptide toxicity (2009)

The amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) can generate cytotoxic oligomers, and their accumulation is thought to underlie the neuropathologic changes found in Alzheimer's disease. Known inhibitors of Abeta polymerization bind to undefined structures and can work as nonspecific aggregators, and inhibitors that target conformations that also occur in larger Abeta assemblies may even increase oligomer-derived toxicity. Here we report on an alternative approach whereby ligands are designed to bind and stabilize the 13-26 region of Abeta in an alpha-helical conformation, inspired by the postulated Abeta native structure. This is achieved with 2 different classes of compounds that also reduce Abeta toxicity to cells in culture and to hippocampal slice preparations, and that do not show any nonspecific aggregatory properties. In addition, when these inhibitors are administered to Drosophila melanogaster expressing human Abeta(1-42) in the central nervous system, a prolonged lifespan, increased locomotor activity, and reduced neurodegeneration is observed. We conclude that stabilization of the central Abeta alpha-helix counteracts polymerization into toxic assemblies and provides a strategy for development of specific inhibitors of Abeta polymerization.
Admitting and ejecting flits in wormhole-switched networks on chip (2007)

Reducing the design complexity of switches is essential for cost reduction and power saving in on-chip networks. In wormhole-switched networks, packets are split into flits which are then admitted into and delivered in the network. When reaching destinations, flits are ejected from the network. Since flit admission, flit delivery and flit ejection interfere with each other directly and indirectly, techniques for admitting and ejecting flits exert a significant impact on network performance and switch cost. Different flit-admission and flit-ejection micro-architectures are investigated. In particular, for flit admission, a novel coupling scheme which binds a flit-admission queue with a physical channel (PC) is presented. This scheme simplifies the switch crossbar from 2p×p to (p+1)×p, where p is the number of PCs per switch. For flit ejection, a p-sink model that uses only p flit sinks to eject flits is proposed. In contrast to an ideal ejection model which requires p · v flit sinks (v is the number of virtual channels per PC), the buffering cost of flit sinks becomes independent of v. The proposed flit-admission and flit-ejection schemes are evaluated with both uniform and locality traffic in a 2D 4×4 mesh network. The results show that both schemes do not degrade network performance in terms of average packet latency and throughput if the flit injection rate is slower than 0.57 flit/cycle/node.
Construction of Functional Soft Tissues From Premodulated Smooth Muscle Cells Using a Bioreactor System (2006)

Artificial smooth muscle tissues should be constructed with well-differentiated and aligned smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for proper functioning. In a previous study, we produced cell/scaffold hybrids composed of consistently aligned SMCs in a contractile state using cyclic mechanical strain. In this study, the preconditioned hybrids were organized as functional smooth muscle constructs, which had a high cellular density, using a bioreactor system. We determined that the alignment and contractile phenotype of the initially generated SMCs would be retained after a 7-day culture period in a bioreactor. Mechanical properties of the smooth muscle constructs were measured and compared with those of native smooth muscle tissues and acellular scaffolds. The constructs had a denser cell concentration than the preconditioned hybrids, although they were not fully filled with cells. The premodulated cell alignment and contractile phenotype were retained after culture in a bioreactor. The 7-day-cultured constructs had similar allowed stress levels to native tissues while their stiffness was much lower, suggesting that they had malleable and durable characteristics. These results suggest that functional smooth muscle tissues with mechanical stability can be produced using premodulated SMCs and a bioreactor system.
The Influence of Perceived Belonging on Social Network Site Adoption (2013)

Adoption research on Social Network Sites (SNSs) indicates that all three popular Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, and Perceived Usefulness, influence the Behavioral Intention to Use SNSs. In contrast, little is known about the specific antecedents of Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Usefulness in an SNS context. We address this gap by studying whether Perceived Belonging, which we describe as the degree to which a person feels connected to and accepted by other individuals, has an influence on these two constructs. After surveying 415 students and applying a structural equation modeling approach, we confirm that Perceived Belonging positively influences both Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Usefulness and, hence, also indirectly influences overall SNS adoption behavior.
Conceptual factors in the treatment of paraphilias: A preliminary report (1983)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual components of treating paraphilia. Detailed description of the treatment interventions will be published subsequently. The format of the psychotherapy has components similar to the programs for sexual dysfunction and homosexual dissatisfaction therapy. Intensive short-term directive conjoint therapy remains essential. The therapeutic model focuses on the paraphilia as an interpersonal relationship disorder which is manifested as an unproductive and sometimes addictive means of coping with stress, particularly engendered by discomfort with intimacy in adult erotic relationships. The basic model of psychotherapy includes specific intervention directed at potential social skill deficits, changing erotic imagery, attitude and cognitive restructuring, self-esteem difficulties, dating anxiety, sexual dysfunction, intimacy issues and addictive behavior, all of which encourage mastery, self-assertion, self-responsibility and communication skills within the context of a relationship.
Entrainment of Neuronal Oscillations as a Mechanism of Attentional Selection (2008)

Whereas gamma-band neuronal oscillations clearly appear integral to visual attention, the role of lower-frequency oscillations is still being debated. Mounting evidence indicates that a key functional property of these oscillations is the rhythmic shifting of excitability in local neuronal ensembles. Here, we show that when attended stimuli are in a rhythmic stream, delta-band oscillations in the primary visual cortex entrain to the rhythm of the stream, resulting in increased response gain for task-relevant events and decreased reaction times. Because of hierarchical cross-frequency coupling, delta phase also determines momentary power in higher-frequency activity. These instrumental functions of low-frequency oscillations support a conceptual framework that integrates numerous earlier findings.
Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV (2015)

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a cause of severe respiratory disease highlights the need for effective approaches to CoV vaccine development. Efforts focused solely on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike (S) glycoprotein may not optimize neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Here we show that immunogens based on full-length S DNA and S1 subunit protein elicit robust serum-neutralizing activity against several MERS-CoV strains in mice and non-human primates. Serological analysis and isolation of murine monoclonal antibodies revealed that immunization elicits NAbs to RBD and, non-RBD portions of S1 and S2 subunit. Multiple neutralization mechanisms were demonstrated by solving the atomic structure of a NAb-RBD complex, through sequencing of neutralization escape viruses and by constructing MERS-CoV S variants for serological assays. Immunization of rhesus macaques confers protection against MERS-CoV-induced radiographic pneumonia, as assessed using computerized tomography, supporting this strategy as a promising approach for MERS-CoV vaccine development.
Linear large-scale MIMO data detection for 5G multi-carrier waveform candidates (2015)

Fifth generation (5G) wireless systems are expected to combine emerging transmission technologies, such as large-scale multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multi-carrier waveforms, to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce out-of-band (OOB) emissions. This paper investigates the efficacy of two promising multi-carrier waveforms that reduce OOB emissions in combination with large-scale MIMO, namely filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) and generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM). We develop novel, low-complexity data detection algorithms for both of these waveforms. We investigate the associated performance/complexity trade-offs in the context of large-scale MIMO, and we study the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Our results show that reducing the OOB emissions with FBMC and GFDM leads to higher computational complexity and PAPR compared to that of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA).
Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension (2004)

Local alterations in the mechanical compliance of the basement membrane that alter the level of isometric tension in the cell have been postulated to influence tissue morphogenesis. To explore whether cell tension contributes to tissue pattern formation in vivo, we modulated cytoskeletal force generation in embryonic mouse lung (embryonic days 12-14) rudiments using inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), myosin light chain kinase, myosin ATPase, and microfilament integrity, or a Rho stimulator (cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1). Tension inhibition resulted in loss of normal differentials in basement membrane thickness, inhibition of new terminal bud formation, and disorganization of epithelial growth patterns as well as disruption of capillary blood vessels. In contrast, increasing cell tension through Rho activation, as confirmed by quantitation of myosin light chain phosphorylation and immunohistocytochemical analysis of actin organization, accelerated lung branching and increase capillary elongation. These data suggest that changes in cytoskeletal tension mediated by Rho signaling through ROCK may play an important role in the establishment of the spatial differentials in cell growth and extracellular matrix remodeling that drive embryonic lung development.
The Effect of Spreading Resistance on the Magnetoresistance of Current-Perpendicular-to-Plane Spin Valves With Patterned Layers (2006)

We derived the magnetoresistance (MR) that takes into consideration the effect of spreading resistance (SR) due to the patterned layer in a spin-valve (SV) structure. Our analysis is based on the: 1) spin drift diffusion (SDD) model and 2) finite-element Poisson (FEP) solver. The SDD model does not take into consideration the effect of SR due to patterning, whereas FEP includes the effect of SR. This enables us to compare and analyze the contribution of both patterning and SR to the MR of the device. In a FM–NM–FM structure, the NM layer was patterned into: 1) single and 2) multiple cylindrical structure. We found that the spacer patterning and the resulting SR causes a significant increase (by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$≫hbox50%$</tex> ) of MR at low area ratio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$( A_ R)$</tex> of the patterned layer. Yet, MR of patterned structure is lower compared to the MR of original structure. However, patterning of a FM layer inserted within the NM spacer results in significantly higher MR.
An agent-based search engine based on the Internet search service on the CORBA (1999)

Search services are important tools in the World Wide Web. In general, these standard Web search engines are far from ideal. Many researchers have therefore implemented the multi-engine search service (MESS) using meta-broker. However these MESS prove difficult when integrating a new search engine. On the other hand, applications that need the search service ability also prove difficult using these MESS. In this paper we propose an Internet search service (ISS) based on CORBA. We follow the style of Common Object Service Specification to define the interface of ISS, so that it is not only easily to integrate any search engine into multi-search services, but can also be queried by application programs. In addition, two search engine agents are implemented in our project, one is for Yahoo and the other is for AltaVista. Programmers can use this interface to code their search engine agent or to query the search service in their applications. Finally, we build a heterogeneous search engine agent based on this architecture.
Domain Administrators Operations Guide (1987)

This RFC provides guidelines for domain administrators in operating a
domain server and maintaining their portion of the hierarchical
database. Familiarity with the domain system is assumed (see RFCs
1031, 1032, 1034, and 1035).
An Automotive Instrument Panel Employing Liquid Crystal Displays (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An instrument panel cluster consisting of five twisted nematic liquid crystal displays has been installed and tested in a 1975 Chevrolet Monte Carlo. The displays are: warning indicators, speedometer, clock/odometer, fuel gauge, and transmission indicator (PRNDL). Four modes of operation for the warning indicators have been evaluated: transmissive, color transmissive, reflective, and color transreflective. The remaining displays all operate in the reflective mode. A heater system allows operation over a -40°C to +80°C temperature range.&lt;/div&gt;