gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Anti-VEGF Agents (2004)

The number of anti-angiogenic agents developed for clinical use has risen greatly over the past decade. Currently, more than 80 are in trials ranging from phase I through to phase III studies and many more are in preclinical evaluation. Much hope was envisaged for these new agents to become the panacea of anti-tumoural treatment. Unfortunately the single agent activity to date has proven to be disappointing although one trial has recently reported a survival advantage when chemotherapy was administered with anti-VEGF antibodies in the setting of advanced colorectal cancer. To an extent, this may be due to great expectations of cytostatic compounds, but recently many factors have been examined to explain the differences between clinical and experimental findings. In this review, some of the factors responsible for the discrepancy are examined, with a specific focus on inhibitors of VEGF. The key factors responsible for the lack of activity are tumour heterogeneity and redundancy in the VEGF signalling system. An increased understanding of these factors is critical to the development of effective anti-angiogenic agents and need to be taken into account as new generations of drugs emerge.
Fellows' Forum in Dialysis: Interdialytic Weight Gain: Implications in Hemodialysis Patients (2006)

Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is an easily measurable parameter in the dialysis unit, routinely assessed at the beginning of the dialysis session. It is used along with clinical symptoms and signs and predialysis blood pressure readings to make decisions regarding the amount of fluid removal during a dialysis session. IDWG is also used as a basis for fluid and salt intake recommendations. However, advising fluid and salt restriction based solely on IDWG may not be appropriate because of its status as a nutritional indicator, as well. Very few studies have been designed to determine the direct effect of IDWG on morbidity and mortality. Any such effect is confounded by residual renal function and various comorbidities, the effects of which might be difficult to separate from those of IDWG. Most attempts to control IDWG have concentrated on requiring patients to reduce fluid and dietary salt intake. Although there does not seem to be a consensus at this point, it is likely that within the lower values of IDWG (less than 5.7% of dry weight), tighter control of fluid and salt intake might not be warranted since these values may reflect higher protein and calorie intake, indicating better nutritional status.
Fire-Protective and Flame-Retardant Coatings - A State-of-the-Art Review (2011)

This review covers mainly intumescent coatings, with briefer discussions of non-intumescent organic fire-resistive coatings and cementitious inorganic coatings. Emphasis is placed on the more recent developments, and the more recent patent literature is surveyed. Modeling and optimizing are covered both from basic and applied aspects. The chemistry of the production of a foamed char barrier is discussed. Enhancing the performance by adjuvants and choice of binders is shown to be possible. The important interactions of ammonium polyphosphate with other components such as titanium dioxide are described. Testing is briefly discussed, as are some shortcomings of present-day coatings, such as limited water resistance, and some opportunities for improvement.
A direct texture placement and editing interface (2006)

The creation of most models used in computer animation and computer games requires the assignment of texture coordinates, texture painting, and texture editing. We present a novel approach for texture placement and editing based on direct manipulation of textures on the surface. Compared to conventional tools for surface texturing, our system combines UV-coordinate specification and texture editing into one seamless process, reducing the need for careful initial design of parameterization and providing a natural interface for working with textures directly on 3D surfaces.A combination of efficient techniques for interactive constrained parameterization and advanced input devices makes it possible to realize a set of natural interaction paradigms. The texture is regarded as a piece of stretchable material, which the user can position and deform on the surface, selecting arbitrary sets of constraints and mapping texture points to the surface; in addition, the multi-touch input makes it possible to specify natural handles for texture manipulation using point constraints associated with different fingers. Pressure can be used as a direct interface for texture combination operations. The 3D position of the object and its texture can be manipulated simultaneously using two-hand input.
The notion of quantitative invisibility and the machine rendering of solids (1967)

Line drawings are the most common type of rendering used to convey geometrical description. This is due to the economy of preparing such drawings and the great information density obtainable. On a pure line drawing, that is where no attempt is made to specify or suggest shadows, tone or color, the lines rendered are either the intersection curves of surfaces or the contour curves of surfaces. The nature of these curves are adequately discussed in the literature 1 and in a previous report.2 In order to convey a realistic impression of an object or an assembly of objects, the segments of lines which cannot be seen by an observer are not drawn or are drawn dashed. Without specification of visibility a drawing is ambiguous. This paper presents a recently developed scheme for the determination of visibility in a line drawing which enables comparitively high speed calculation and excellent resolution.
Synchronized multimedia streaming on the iphone platform with network coding (2011)

This work presents the implementation of synchronized multimedia streaming for the Apple iPhone platform. The idea is to stream multimedia content from a single source to multiple receivers with direct or multihop connections to the source. First we look into existing solutions for video streaming on the iPhone that use point-to-point architectures. After acknowledging their limitations, we propose a solution based on network coding to efficiently and reliably deliver the multimedia content to many devices in a synchronized manner. Then we introduce an application that implements this technique on the iPhone. We also present our testbed, which consists of 16 iPod Touch devices to showcase the capabilities of our application.
Aptamers and the RNA World, Past and Present (2010)

Aptamers and the SELEX process were discovered over two decades ago. These discoveries have spawned a productive academic and commercial industry. The collective results provide insights into biology, past and present, through an in vitro evolutionary exploration of the nature of nucleic acids and their potential roles in ancient life. Aptamers have helped usher in an RNA renaissance. Here we explore some of the evolution of the aptamer field and the insights it has provided for conceptualizing an RNA world, from its nascence to our current endeavor employing aptamers in human proteomics to discover biomarkers of health and disease.
Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors, are key regulators of the growth and aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells (2011)

Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family members RGMA, RGMB and RGMC are GPI-linked membrane proteins recently identified as co-receptor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMPs are a group of proteins enriched in bone and play important roles in prostate cancer. The current study aimed to investigate roles played by RGMs in prostate cancer. Expression of RGMs was examined in prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Knockdown of each RGM in prostate cancer cells was performed using the respective anti-RGMA, RGMB and RGMC transgenes. A variety of in vitro function tests were employed to analyze the influence on cancer cell functions by RGM knockdown. The implications of RGM knockdown in BMP signalling were also examined using both Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. Knockdown of RGMA had no effect on cell growth, migration and invasion, but promoted cell-matrix adhesion. Knockdown of RGMB and RGMC increased growth and adhesion, but only RGMB knockdown increased capacities of migration and invasion in PC-3 cells. Further investigations showed an increase in Smad-3 activation and reduced levels of Smad-1 in PC-3 cells by RGMB and RGMC knockdown, and also an up-regulation of ID1, a BMP target gene particularly in exposure to BMP7. RGMs play inhibitory roles in prostate cancer by suppressing cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion. RGMs can coordinate Smad-dependent signalling of BMPs in prostate cancer cells.
Populating the application (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Populating the application: a model of awareness for cooperative applications Author: Tom Rodden Computing Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, UK. Computing Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, UK.View Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workNovember 1996 Pages 87–96https://doi.org/10.1145/240080.240200Published:16 November 1996Publication History 141citation1,336DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations141Total Downloads1,336Last 12 Months65Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Protein S controls hypoxic/ischemic blood-brain barrier disruption through the TAM receptor Tyro3 and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (2010)

The anticoagulant factor protein S (PS) has direct cellular activities. Lack of PS in mice causes lethal coagulopathy, ischemic/thrombotic injuries, vascular dysgenesis, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with intracerebral hemorrhages. Thus, we hypothesized that PS maintains and/or enhances the BBB integrity. Using a BBB model with human brain endothelial cells, we show PS inhibits time- and dose-dependently (half maximal effective concentration [EC(50)] = 27 +/- 3 nM) oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced BBB breakdown, as demonstrated by measurements of the transmonolayer electrical resistance, permeability of endothelial monolayers to dextran (40 kDa), and rearrangement of F-actin toward the cortical cytoskeletal ring. Using Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer (TAM) receptor, tyrosine kinase silencing through RNA interference, specific N-terminus-blocking antibodies, Tyro3 phosphorylation, and Tyro3-, Axl- and Mer-deficient mouse brain endothelial cells, we show that Tyro3 mediates PS vasculoprotection. After Tyro3 ligation, PS activated sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P(1)), resulting in Rac1-dependent BBB protection. Using 2-photon in vivo imaging, we show that PS blocks postischemic BBB disruption in Tyro3(+/+), Axl(-/-), and Mer(-/-) mice, but not in Tyro3(-/-) mice or Tyro3(+/+) mice receiving low-dose W146, a S1P(1)-specific antagonist. Our findings indicate that PS protects the BBB integrity via Tyro3 and S1P(1), suggesting potentially novel treatments for neurovascular dysfunction resulting from hypoxic/ischemic BBB damage.
Megestrol acetate in pediatric oncology patients may lead to severe, symptomatic adrenal suppression (2003)

Although the results of this study support the ability of MA to improve nutritional status, its use was complicated by severe adrenal suppression in almost all patients tested, with a serious clinical adverse event occurring in one patient. Routine hydrocortisone supplementation throughout MA treatment should be considered as well as larger doses for patients with acute illness and patients who undergo surgery.
Prairie Dog Overpopulation: Value Judgement or Ecological Reality? (1987)

The subject of prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) overpopulation is complex, and judgements of overpopulation may not be based on prairie dog population size or density. Caughley's (1981) model of animal overpopulation is applied here to prairie dogs to clarify the basis for a judgement of overpopulation in each of several cases. There are ecological components to all such cases, but a purely ecological judgement of overpopulation requires much more information than is currently available. However, defensible management of prairie dog systems is a goal, and time-honored but flawed assumptions are never an adequate substitute for results derived from thorough, scientific studies of prairie dog systems as a basis for management actions.
Memory Enhancement and Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Entorhinal Area (2012)

Stimulation of the entorhinal region enhanced memory of spatial information when applied during learning. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Dana Foundation.).
Stent development and local drug delivery (2001)

Stent implantation has become the new standard angioplasty procedure. In-stent re-stenosis remains the major limitation of coronary stenting. Re-stenosis is related to patient-, lesion- and procedure-specific factors. Patient-specific factors can not be influenced to any extent. Procedure-specific factors are affected by implantation technique and stent characteristics. Design and material influence vascular injury and humoral and cellular response. Radiation has been shown to have inhibitory effects on smooth muscle cell growth and neo-intima formation, but in clinical trials the outcome has been hampered by re-stenosis at the edges of the radioactive stent ('candy wrapper'). New approaches target pharmacological modulation of local vascular biology by local administration of drugs. This allows for drug application at the precise site and time of vessel injury. Systemic release is minimal and this may reduce the risk of toxicity. The drug and the delivery vehicle must fulfil pharmacological, pharmacokinetic and mechanical requirements and the application of eluting degradable matrices seems to be a possible solution. Numerous pharmacological agents with antiproliferative properties are currently under clinical investigation, e.g. actinomycin D, rapamycin or paclitaxel. Another approach is for stents to be made of biodegradable materials as an alternative to metallic stents. Their potential long-term complications, such as in-stent re-stenosis and the inaccessibility of the lesion site for surgical revascularization, needs to be assessed. Current investigational devices and the line of (pre)clinical investigation are discussed in detail. Currently, there is little experimental, and only preliminary clinical, understanding of the acute and long-term effects of drug-eluting or biodegradable stents in coronary arteries. The clinical benefit of these approaches still has to be proven.
Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance metabolic imaging: application to brain tumors (2010)

In order to compare in vivo metabolism between malignant gliomas and normal brain, (13)C magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging data were acquired from rats with human glioblastoma xenografts (U-251 MG and U-87 MG) and normal rats, following injection of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]-pyruvate. The median signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of lactate, pyruvate, and total observed carbon-13 resonances, as well as their relative ratios, were calculated from voxels containing Gadolinium-enhanced tissue in T(1) postcontrast images for rats with tumors and from normal brain tissue for control rats. [1-(13)C]-labeled pyruvate and its metabolic product, [1-(13)C]-lactate, demonstrated significantly higher SNR in the tumor compared with normal brain tissue. Statistical tests showed significant differences in all parameters (P < .0004) between the malignant glioma tissue and normal brain. The SNR of lactate, pyruvate, and total carbon was observed to be different between the U-251 MG and U-87 MG models, which is consistent with inherent differences in the molecular characteristics of these tumors. These results suggest that hyperpolarized MR metabolic imaging may be valuable for assessing prognosis and monitoring response to therapy for patients with brain tumors.
Wide dynamic range vision sensor for vehicles (2002)

The dynamic range of brightness on road scenes is very wide, because the lighting condition dynamically varies with various weather and road conditions. Therefore, the dynamic range of conventional TV cameras is insufficient to input the images of road scenes. The authors have developed a method for expanding the dynamic range of TV cameras. Also, they have developed an experimental vision sensor system with a wide dynamic range based on the method applicable to the vision systems for vehicles. The effectiveness of the sensor in comparison with conventional TV cameras was confirmed from the experiments on highways under various lighting conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Use of Low-Density Particles for Packing a Highly Deviated Well (1990)

ABSTRACT Packing the annulus and perforations with gravel in highly deviated wells, especially horizontal wells, is difficult. As well deviation increases, pump rates and carrier fluid viscosities increase to prevent particle settling. Increasing the viscosity can reduce fluid leakoff and perforation pack efficiency. Gravel-pack studies have shown that placement efficiency improves as particle density (Dp) and carrier fluid density (Dc) become closer. In an ideal system, these densities would be equal (Dp:Dc = 1). With this ideal design, no viscosity would be required to suspend the particles, thereby improving fluid leakoff and perforation packing. The use of sand as the packing material has limited the use of such a technique because of hydrostatic overbalance. The introduction of a pack material whose density (1.65 g/cc) is 40% less than that of sand makes this technique available without the overbalance concerns. The paper provides the industry with technology which is applicable when gravel packing highly deviated (horizontal) wells. This paper describes: (1) a new method of completing highly deviated and horizontal wells using low-density particles and low Dp:Dc ratios, (2) computer simulations performed to aid in designing completion techniques,(3) printouts of the screenout pressure and pump rates, (4) schematics of the well design, (5) logs of the pack and (6) well performance.
microRNAs and genetic diseases (2009)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs (19-25 nucleotides in length) processed from double-stranded hairpin precursors. They negatively regulate gene expression in animals, by binding, with imperfect base pairing, to target sites in messenger RNAs (usually in 3' untranslated regions) thereby either reducing translational efficiency or determining transcript degradation. Considering that each miRNA can regulate, on average, the expression of approximately several hundred target genes, the miRNA apparatus can participate in the control of the gene expression of a large quota of mammalian transcriptomes and proteomes. As a consequence, miRNAs are expected to regulate various developmental and physiological processes, such as the development and function of many tissue and organs. Due to the strong impact of miRNAs on the biological processes, it is expected that mutations affecting miRNA function have a pathogenic role in human genetic diseases, similar to protein-coding genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence available to date which support the pathogenic role of miRNAs in human genetic diseases. We will first describe the main types of mutation mechanisms affecting miRNA function that can result in human genetic disorders, namely: (1) mutations affecting miRNA sequences; (2) mutations in the recognition sites for miRNAs harboured in target mRNAs; and (3) mutations in genes that participate in the general processes of miRNA processing and function. Finally, we will also describe the results of recent studies, mostly based on animal models, indicating the phenotypic consequences of miRNA alterations on the function of several tissues and organs. These studies suggest that the spectrum of genetic diseases possibly caused by mutations in miRNAs is wide and is only starting to be unravelled.
The Immunodominant Antigen of an Ultraviolet-induced Regressor Tumor Is Generated by a Somatic Point Mutation in the DEAD Box Helicase p68 (1997)

The genetic origins of CD8+ T cell-recognized unique antigens to which mice respond when immunized with syngeneic tumor cells are unknown. The ultraviolet light-induced murine tumor 8101 expresses an H-2Kb-restricted immunodominant antigen, A, that induces cytolytic CD8+ T cells in vivo A+ 8101 cells are rejected by naive mice while A- 8101 tumor cells grow. To identify the antigen H-2Kb molecules were immunoprecipitated from A+ 8101 cells and peptides were eluted by acid. The sensitizing peptide was isolated by sequential reverse-phase HPLC and sequenced using microcapillary HPLC-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. The peptide, SNFVFAGI, matched the sequence of the DEAD box protein p68 RNA helicase except for a single amino acid substitution, caused by a single nucleotide change. This mutation was somatic since fibroblasts from the mouse of tumor origin expressed the wild-type sequence. The amino acid substitution created an anchor for binding of the mutant peptide to H-2Kb. Our results are consistent with mutant p68 being responsible for rejection of the tumor. Several functions of p68, which include nucleolar assembly and inhibition of DNA unwinding, may be mediated through its IQ domain, which was altered by the mutation. This is the first description of a somatic tumor-specific mutation in the coding region of a nucleic acid helicase.
Implantable Pumps Recent Progress and Anticipated Future Advances (1992)

The implantable pump field is now more than 20 years old. The original goal of developing a totally artificial beta-cell remains unrealized, but programmable insulin pumps that contain all of the elements of the artificial beta-cell except the glucose sensor are involved in clinical trials in the United States and are commercially available in Europe. Currently, both single-rate and programmable implantable pumps are in general clinical use in the United States for the treatment of pain and spasticity, cancer, and osteomyelitis. Only a few of the potential applications of implantable pumps have been developed to the stage of commercial availability. This is, in part, because drug companies have traditionally developed parenteral drug applications only as a last resort and, in part, because of the complexity of the regulatory process for implantable pumps, often requiring review by both the drug and device branches of the Food and Drug Administration.
Personalized multimedia touristic services for hybrid broadcast/broadband mobile receivers (2010)

This paper presents the topology of a multimedia tourism service that targets mobile devices equipped with broadband and either multicast or broadcast access capabilities. Multicast / Broadcast access is used to handle the delivery of multimedia data to many simultaneous users in the service area. The solution adopted is based on existing standards for mobile TV services, but introducing features that enable the provision of generic multimedia services on top of mobile hybrid broadband and broadcast networks. Furthermore, this paper shows how to use standardized interfaces originally defined for interactive mobile TV broadcasting to build personalized mobile multimedia services that do not deal with TV contents or are not necessarily coupled to a mobile TV service bundle.