gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow core fiber with an octave spanning bandgap (2010)

We thoroughly compare the out-of-plane bandgaps generated by three realistic two-dimensional lattices: a triangular and a square arrangement of holes and a triangular arrangement of rods. We demonstrate that, for any given hole-diameter-to-pitch ratio d/Lambda, the triangular arrangement of interconnected resonators generates the widest possible bandgap along the air line, and we propose a physical interpretation explaining these results. The design of a hollow core photonic bandgap fiber based on such a lattice and able to transmit light with sub-decibel-per-meter losses over an octave of frequencies is presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.
Cytokine Control of Memory B Cell Homing Machinery (2002)

The germinal center (GC) is a pivotal site for the development of B cell memory. Whereas GC B cells do not chemotax to most chemokines and do not express the adhesion receptors L-selectin, alpha(4)beta(7), and cutaneous lymphocyte Ag (CLA), memory B cells respond to various chemotactic signals and express adhesion receptors. In this study, we show that CD40 ligand, IL-2, and IL-10 together drive this transition of GC B cells to memory phenotype in vitro, up-regulating memory B cell markers, chemotactic responses to CXC ligand (CXCL)12, CXCL13, and CCL19, and expression of adhesion receptors L-selectin, alpha(4)beta(7), and CLA. Moreover, addition of IL-4 modulates this transition, preventing chemotactic responses to CXCL12 and CXCL13 (but not to CCL19), and inhibiting the re-expression of L-selectin, but not of CLA or alpha(4)beta(7). CCR7 expression, responsiveness to CCL19, and L-selectin/alpha(4)beta(7) phenotype are coordinately regulated. Thus, IL-2/IL-10 and IL-4 play important and distinctive roles in developing the migratory capacities of memory B cells.
IL-22 Induces an Acute-Phase Response Associated to a Cohort of Acute Phase Proteins and Antimicrobial Peptides as Players of Homeostasis (2011)

IL-22 Induces an Acute-Phase Response Associated to a Cohort of Acute Phase Proteins and Antimicrobial Peptides as Players of Homeostasis
Factors Affecting Germination and Emergence of Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis) (2008)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, cold stratification, dry storage, solution pH, solution osmotic potential, and planting depth on germination and emergence of dame's rocket. Maximal germination (&gt; 80%) of fresh seeds occurred at alternating temperatures ≥ 25/15 C in both alternating light/dark and continuous darkness. However, &lt; 10% of seeds germinated at or below 20/10 C, with lower germination in the presence of light than in darkness. Cold stratification at 4 C for 4 to 16 wk enhanced germination at low alternating temperatures (≤ 20/10 C), but depressed germination at warm temperature regimes (≥ 25/15 C). After 1 yr of dry storage (after-ripening), germination exceeded 94% and did not differ significantly among temperature regimes. Germination exceeded 60% in solutions with pH 3 to 10. Germination was reduced below 50% in solutions with osmotic potentials below −0.6 MPa. Percent emergence was greater than 56% at burial depths in soil of 0 to 5 cm, with maximal emergence (93 to 99%) at 0 to 2 cm. Dame's rocket seeds possess non-deep physiological dormancy at maturity, but when dormancy is alleviated, the seeds are capable of germinating in a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions.
Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse:  Preclinical Aspects (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTPharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine Abuse: Preclinical AspectsF. Ivy Carroll, Leonard L. Howell, and Michael J. KuharView Author Information Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 15, 2721–2736Publication Date (Web):July 2, 1999Publication History Received6 October 1997Published online2 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9706729https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9706729review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1338Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Agonists,Amines,Antagonists,Pharmaceuticals,Receptors Get e-Alerts
In vitro and in vivo study of water-soluble prodrugs of dexanabinol (1999)

Trialkylammonium acetoxymethyl esters of dexanabinol were synthesized and evaluated as water-soluble prodrugs. Syntheses were performed by conventional methods; solubility in water and stability in buffers and human plasma were determined by HPLC, and in vivo tissue distribution studies were performed in a rat model. Most of the new derivatives were soluble in water (approximately 50 mg/mL). They were relatively stable in water, while rapidly hydrolyzed in human plasma. Distribution studies indicated that peak concentrations of drug both in blood (30 microg/mL) and brain (2 microg/mL) were rapidly (5 min) achieved after iv administration of a selected prodrug to rats. The blood concentration decreased faster than brain levels which were detectable even after 24 h. Some of the examined esters could be further developed as water soluble prodrugs of dexanabinol.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Differential Expression of a Glucoamylase Gene from the Basidiomycetous Fungus Lentinula edodes (2000)

The complete nucleotide sequence of putative glucoamylase gene gla1 from the basidiomycetous fungus Lentinula edodes strain L54 is reported. The coding region of the genomic glucoamylase sequence, which is preceded by eukaryotic promoter elements CAAT and TATA, spans 2,076 bp. The gla1 gene sequence codes for a putative polypeptide of 571 amino acids and is interrupted by seven introns. The open reading frame sequence of the gla1 gene shows strong homology with those of other fungal glucoamylase genes and encodes a protein with an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal starch-binding domain. The similarity between the Gla1 protein and other fungal glucoamylases is from 45 to 61%, with the region of highest conservation found in catalytic domains and starch-binding domains. We compared the kinetics of glucoamylase activity and levels of gene expression in L. edodes strain L54 grown on different carbon sources (glucose, starch, cellulose, and potato extract) and in various developmental stages (mycelium growth, primordium appearance, and fruiting body formation). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR utilizing pairs of primers specific for gla1 gene expression shows that expression of gla1 was induced by starch and increased during the process of fruiting body formation, which indicates that glucoamylases may play an important role in the morphogenesis of the basidiomycetous fungus.
Unilateral vs bilateral sacral neuromodulation in pigs with formalin‐induced detrusor hyperactivity (2008)

In this porcine model, bilateral neurostimulation was a more effective method of SNM than unilateral stimulation. We assume that this is due to the additive effect of stimulating both sides, as well as the greater chance of stimulating the relevant dorsal roots of the sacral nerve fibres. By contrast, unilateral neuromodulation may be only partially effective by not being capable of influencing the entire bladder, or possibly by allowing new formation of neuronal pathophysiological pathways.
Topology-aware tile mapping for clusters of SMPs (2006)

We propose a technique to optimize the performance of applications using distributed dense arrays and characterized by a nearest-neighbor communication profile by exploiting the topology of SMP clusters. The topological information is used to map array tiles to processors to reduce network communication and improve utilization of shared memory for inter-process communication. The potential benefits of using the SMP-aware mapping are demonstrated through a simulation, as well as a real application solving a wind-driven ocean circulation model on an IBM SP. On 256 processors, the execution time was reduced by almost 30 percent without any changes to the original application source code. The proposed mapping approach is applicable to multiple programming models and distributed array management systems.
Cytomegalovirus Misleads Its Host by Priming of CD8 T Cells Specific for an Epitope Not Presented in Infected Tissues (2003)

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) code for several proteins that inhibit the presentation of antigenic peptides to CD8 T cells. Although the molecular mechanisms of CMV interference with the major histocompatibility complex class I pathway are long understood, surprisingly little evidence exists to support a role in vivo. Here we document the first example of the presentation of an antigenic peptide being blocked by a CMV immune evasion protein in organs relevant to CMV disease. Although this Db-restricted peptide, which is derived from the antiapoptotic protein M45 of murine CMV (mCMV), is classified as an immunodominant peptide based on response magnitude and long-term memory, adoptive transfer of M45 epitope-specific CD8 T cells did not protect against infection with wild-type mCMV. Notably, the same cells protected C57BL/6 mice infected with an mCMV mutant in which immune evasion protein m152/gp40 is deleted. These data indicate that direct presentation or cross-presentation of an antigenic peptide by professional antigen-presenting cells can efficiently prime CD8 T cells that fail in protection against CMV organ disease because m152/gp40 prevents presentation of this peptide in pathogenetically relevant tissue cells.
Preparation of Granulocyte-Poor Red Blood Cells byMicroaggregate Filtration (1980)

A simple, effective method for removing granulocytes from stored blood is described. Microaggregate filtration removes approximately 95% of the granulocytes from blood which has been stored for 2 weeks, centrifuged and filtered. The mean number of remaining leukocytes is 8 ± 3.7 x 10^8 / unit. The residual white cell population, which is composed almost entirely of lymphocytes, is substantially less than the average number of cells previously associated with febrile reactions. 45 patients were selected for the study. All had significant febrile transfusion reaction histories, and averaged one reaction for every 3.6 U of conventional red cell product transfused. Administration of 212 units of microaggregate filtered granulocyte poor red cells caused a 95% reduction in the incidence of fibrile reactions. The technique is inexpensive, easily incorporated into the routine of the clinical blood bank, and does not require ‘open-system’ processing. These considerations make microaggregate filtration a logical first choice method for the preparation of granulocyte- poor red blood cells.
Molecular Signatures in Biopsy Specimens of Lung Cancer (2004)

Gene expression profiles of resected tumors may predict treatment response and outcome. We hypothesized that profiles derived from lung tumor biopsies would discriminate tumor-specific gene signatures and provide predictive information about outcome. Lung carcinoma specimens were obtained from 23 patients undergoing computed tomography-guided transthoracic biopsy or endobronchial brushing for undiagnosed nodules. Excess tissue was processed for gene profiling. We built class prediction models for lung cancer histology and for cancer outcome. The histology model used an F test to identify 99 genes that were differentially expressed among lung cancer subtypes. The histology validation set class prediction accuracy rate was 86%. The outcome model used the maximum difference subset algorithm to identify 42 genes associated with high risk for cancer death. The outcome training set class prediction accuracy rate was 87%. In conclusion, gene expression profiles of biopsy specimens of lung cancers identify unique tumoral signatures that provide information about tissue morphology and prognosis. The use of specimens acquired from lung biopsy procedures to identify biomarkers of clinical outcome may have application in the management of patients with lung cancer. The procedures are safe and feasible; the efficacy and utility of this strategy will ultimately be determined by prospective clinical trials.
Identification and characterization of SEB, a novel protein that binds to the acute undifferentiated leukemia‐associated protein SET (2001)

SET, the translocation breakpoint-encoded protein in acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), is a 39-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein and has an inhibitory activity for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). SET is fused to a putative oncoprotein, CAN/NUP214, in AUL and is thought to play a key role in leukemogenesis by its nuclear localization, protein-protein interactions and PP2A inhibitory activity. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA encoding a protein with 1542 amino-acid residues that specifically interacts in a yeast two-hybrid system as well as in human cells with SET. This new protein, which we name SEB (SET-binding protein), is identified as a 170-kDa protein by immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody and is localized predominantly in the nucleus. SEB1238--1434 is determined as a SET-binding region that specifically binds to SET182--223. SEB also has an oncoprotein Ski homologous region (amino acids 654--858), six PEST sequences and three sequential PPLPPPPP repeats at the C-terminus. SEB mRNA is expressed ubiquitously in all human adult tissues and cells examined. The SEB gene locus is assigned to the chromosome 18q21.1 that contains candidate tumor suppressor genes associated with deletions in cancer and leukemia. Although the function of SEB is not known, we propose that SEB plays a key role in the mechanism of SET-related leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis, perhaps by suppressing SET function or by regulating the transforming activity of Ski in the nucleus.
Dendrimer-Activated Solid Supports for Nucleic Acid and Protein Microarrays (2001)

The generation of chemically activated glass surfaces is of increasing interest for the production of microarrays containing DNA, proteins, and low-molecular-weight components. We here report on a novel surface chemistry for highly efficient activation of glass slides. Our method is based on the initial modification of glass with primary amino groups using a protocol, specifically optimized for high aminosilylation yields, and in particular, for homogeneous surface coverages. In a following step the surface amino groups are activated with a homobifunctional linker, such as disuccinimidylglutarate (DSG) or 1,4-phenylenediisothiocyanate (PDITC), and then allowed to react with a starburst dendrimer that contains 64 primary amino groups in its outer sphere. Subsequently, the dendritic monomers are activated and crosslinked with a homobifunctional spacer, either DSG or PDITC. This leads to the formation of a thin, chemically reactive polymer film, covalently affixed to the glass substrate, which can directly be used for the covalent attachment of amino-modified components, such as oligonucleotides. The resulting DNA microarrays were studied by means of nucleic acid hybridization experiments using fluorophor-labeled complementary oligonucleotide targets. The results indicate that the novel dendrimer-activated surfaces display a surface coverage with capture oligomers about twofold greater than that with conventional microarrays containing linear chemical linkers. In addition, the experiments suggest that the hybridization occurs with decreased steric hindrance, likely a consequence of the long, flexible linker chain between the surface and the DNA oligomer. The surfaces were found to be resistant against repeated alkaline regeneration procedures, which is likely a consequence of the crosslinked polymeric structure of the dendrimer film. The high stability allows multiple hybridization experiments without significant loss of signal intensity. The versatility of the dendrimer surfaces is also demonstrated by the covalent immobilization of streptavidin as a model protein.
Proapoptotic Bad and Bid Protein Expression Predict Survival in Stages II and III Colon Cancers (2008)

Proapoptotic Bad and Bid proteins are independent prognostic variables in colon cancer patients receiving adjuvant treatment. If validated, Bad and Bid expression may assist in risk stratification and selection of patients to receive adjuvant chemotherapy.
Predictors of acute diverticulitis severity: A systematic review (2016)

A number of predictors exist for identifying severe diverticulitis, and CT remains the gold standard for diagnosing complicated disease. Patients who present with identified risk factors for severe disease warrant early imaging, closer in-patient observation and a lower threshold for early surgical intervention. Patients without these factors may be suitable for outpatient-based treatment.
Endophytic bacterial communities of field-grown potato plants and their plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic abilities (2004)

To study the effect of plant growth on potato-associated bacteria, the composition and properties of bacteria colonizing the endosphere of field-grown potato were analyzed by a multiphasic approach. The occurrence and diversity of potato-associated bacteria were monitored by a cultivation-independent approach, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA. The patterns obtained revealed a high heterogeneity of community composition and suggested the existence of plant-specific communities. However, endophytic populations correlated to a certain extent with plant growth performance. Endophytes were also isolated from plants that grew well or grew poorly and were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. A broad phylogenetic spectrum was found among isolates and differently growing plants hosted different bacterial populations. In an approach to investigate the plant-growth-promoting potential of potato-associated bacteria, a total of 35 bacteria were screened by dual testing for in vitro antagonism towards (i) the fungal pathogens Verticillium dahliae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora cactorum and (ii) the bacterial pathogens Erwinia carotovora, Streptomyces scabies, and Xanthomonas campestris. The proportion of isolates with antagonistic activity was highest against Streptomyces sp. (43%) followed by those against Xanthomonas sp. (29%). As all plants showed more or less severe disease symptoms of scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies, we assume that the presence of the pathogen induced the colonization of antagonists. The antifungal activity of the isolates was generally low. The biotechnological potential of endophytic isolates assessed by their antagonistic activity and by in vitro production of enzymes, antibiotics, siderophores, and the plant growth hormone indole-1,3-acetic acid was generally high. Overall, seven endophytes were found to antagonize fungal as well as bacterial pathogens and showed a high production of active compounds and were therefore considered promising biological control agents.
Mislocalization of membrane proteins associated with multidrug resistance in cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines. (2003)

The accumulation of [(14)C]carboplatin and [(3)H]methotrexate is reduced in single-step KB epidermoid adenocarcinoma (KB-CP) cells, which are cross-resistant to carboplatin, methotrexate, and sodium arsenite. In these KB-CP cells, multidrug resistance is accompanied by mislocalization of multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) 1 and other membrane proteins such as folate-binding protein. MRP1 was not decreased in amount in single-step variants but accumulates in a cytoplasmic fraction, and its apparent molecular weight was altered probably because of reduced glycosylation in resistant cells. This low-density compartment was partially labeled with antibodies to lectin-GSII (a Golgi marker) and Bip/GRP78 (an endoplasmic reticulum marker). Pulse-chase labeling of MRP1 with (35)S-methionine and (35)S-cysteine and pulse-chase biotinylation of cell surface MRP1 suggests that membrane protein mislocalization is caused mainly by a defect of plasma membrane protein recycling, manifested also as a defect in acidification of lysosomes. The reduced accumulation of cytotoxic compounds in the KB-CP cells is presumed to result from the failure of carrier proteins and/or transporters to localize to the plasma membrane.
Genetic Variations and Patient-Reported Quality of Life Among Patients With Lung Cancer (2012)

We identified three SNPs in three glutathione metabolic pathway genes and three SNPs in two DNA repair pathway genes associated with QOL measures in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
Antiparasitic Activities and Toxicities of Individual Enantiomers of the 8-Aminoquinoline 8-[(4-Amino-1-Methylbutyl)Amino]-6-Methoxy-4-Methyl-5-[3,4-Dichlorophenoxy]Quinoline Succinate (2008)

8-Aminoquinolines are an important class of antiparasitic agents, with broad utility and excellent efficacy, but also limitations due to hematological toxicities, primarily methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. One representative from this class, (+/-)-8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3,4-dichlorophenoxy]quinoline succinate (NPC1161C), proved extremely efficacious in animal models of malaria and pneumocystis pneumonia. This racemic mixture was separated into its component enantiomers by chemical and chromatographic means. The enantiomers were evaluated for antiparasitic activity in murine models of Plasmodium berghei, Pneumocystis carinii, and Leishmania donovani infection, as well as the propensity to elicit hematotoxicity in dogs. The (-)-enantiomer NPC1161B was found to be more active (by severalfold, depending on the dosing regimen) than the (+)-enantiomer NPC1161A in all of these murine models. In addition, the (-) enantiomer showed markedly reduced general toxicity in mice and reduced hematotoxicity in the dog model of methemoglobinemia. It is concluded that the configuration at the asymmetric center in the 8-amino side chain differentially affects efficacy and toxicity profiles and thus may be an important determinant of the "therapeutic window" for compounds in this class.