gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serology of Mycobacteria: Characterization of Antigens Recognized by Monoclonal Antibodies (1989)

Analysis of the antibody response to mycobacterial extracts has identified a limited set of proteins that are recognized as immunodominant in the BALB/c strain of mice. Detailed characterization has revealed that several of these antigens are homologues of proteins known to be induced in response to environmental stress stimuli in other prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. It is proposed that differential gene expression may play a role in determining which antigens are recognized during infection and that highly conserved stress proteins could be involved in generation of autoimmune responses.
Age‐related maculopathy: pathogenetic features and new treatment modalities (2002)

A considerable amount of new information on putative pathogenetic mechanisms in age-related maculopathy and degeneration has emerged in recent years. This comprises experimental studies on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and rod photoreceptor ageing, lipofuscin accumulation, the roles of oxidative stress and free radical formation, as well as antioxidants and other defensive mechanisms operating against environmental factors and ageing. The current application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin marks a new era in the treatment of subfoveal classical choroidal neovascularization. Several new treatment modalities, such as transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for inhibition of neovascularization, have emerged and are undergoing multicentre clinical trials. A period of dynamic development in this field has commenced.
Materialization Strategies in a Column-Oriented DBMS (2007)

There has been renewed interest in column-oriented database architectures in recent years. For read-mostly query workloads such as those found in data warehouse and decision support applications, "column-stores" have been shown to perform particularly well relative to "row-stores" In order for column-stores to be readily adopted as a replacement for row-stores, however, they must present the same interface to client applications as do row stores, which implies that they must output row-store-style tuples. Thus, the input columns stored on disk must be converted to rows at some point in the query plan, but the optimal point at which to do the conversion is not obvious. This problem can be considered as the opposite of the projection problem in row-store systems: while row-stores need to determine where in query plans to place projection operators to make tuples narrower, column-stores need to determine when to combine single-column projections into wider tuples. This paper describes a variety of strategies for tuple construction and intermediate result representations and provides a systematic evaluation of these strategies.
Concepts of NMR in quantum optics (1997)

Coherent, continuous-wave and pulsed-laser response of optical two-level systems are reviewed in terms of optical Bloch-Maxwell equations. The concept of the macroscopic magnetic moment reaction “radiation damping” field in NMR is extended to account for the threshold condition for maser-laser action in a cavity and for propagating optical, coherent, transient free-induction signals emitted by macroscopic electric dipole moments. Analogues of NMR in coherent optical transients are listed. A brief history is presented of early developments in magnetic resonace, leading to application of the Bloch equations to the semiclassical description of electric dipole two-level systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Population pharmacokinetics of recombinant factor VIII: the relationships of pharmacokinetics to age and body weight (2011)

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a coagulation factor between groups of patients can be biased by differences in study protocols, in particular between blood sampling schedules. This could affect clinical dose tailoring, especially in children. The aim of this study was to describe the relationships of the PK of factor VIII (FVIII) with age and body weight by a population PK model. The potential to reduce blood sampling was also explored. A model was built for FVIII PK from 236 infusions of recombinant FVIII in 152 patients (1-65 years of age) with severe hemophilia A. The PK of FVIII over the entire age range was well described by a 2-compartment model and a previously reported problem, resulting from differences in blood sampling, to compare findings from children and adults was practically abolished. The decline in FVIII clearance and increase in half-life with age could be described as continuous functions. Retrospective reduction of blood sampling from 11 to 5 samples made no important difference to the estimates of PK parameters. The obtained findings can be used as a basis for PK-based dose tailoring of FVIII in clinical practice, in all age groups, with minimal blood sampling.
Genetically Modified Pigs as Organ Donors for Xenotransplantation (2017)

The growing shortage of available organs is a major problem in transplantology. Thus, new and alternative sources of organs need to be found. One promising solution could be xenotransplantation, i.e., the use of animal cells, tissues and organs. The domestic pig is the optimum donor for such transplants. However, xenogeneic transplantation from pigs to humans involves high immune incompatibility and a complex rejection process. The rapid development of genetic engineering techniques enables genome modifications in pigs that reduce the cross-species immune barrier.
Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus (1994)

A study was carried out on the infectivity to sandflies of 16 dogs naturally parasitized by Leishmania infantum. All dogs were seropositive and the parasite had been isolated from all except one. They were divided into 3 clinical groups: 5 asymptomatic, 4 oligosymptomatic, and 7 polysymptomatic dogs. The dogs were exposed to female Phlebotomus perniciosus from a local colony and 7 d later the fed females were dissected in order to determine their rate of infection. There was wide variability of the percentage of fed and infected sandflies within each clinical group of dogs, with no significant difference between the 3 groups; the infectivity to sandflies was independent of the extent of symptoms in the dogs.
Review: Role of developmental inflammation and blood–brain barrier dysfunction in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases (2008)

The causes of most neurological disorders are not fully understood. Inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction appear to play major roles in the pathology of these diseases. Inflammatory insults that occur during brain development may have widespread effects later in life for a spectrum of neurological disorders. In this review, a new hypothesis suggesting a mechanistic link between inflammation and blood-brain barrier function (integrity), which is universally important in both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, is proposed. The role of inflammation and the blood-brain barrier will be discussed in cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, conditions where both inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction occur either during initiation and/or progression of the disease. We suggest that breakdown of normal blood-brain barrier function resulting in a short-lasting influx of blood-born molecules, in particular plasma proteins, may cause local damage, such as reduction of brain white matter observed in some newborn babies, but may also be the mechanism behind some neurodegenerative diseases related to underlying brain damage and long-term changes in barrier properties.
The Impact of Repeated Subclinical Acute Rejection on the Progression of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (2003)

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is due to both immunologic and non-immunologic factors and results in the development of nonspecific pathologic features that may even be present in long-term well-functioning renal allografts. To investigate the natural history of CAN and potential risk factors associated with progression of these histologic lesions, this study evaluated the of histologic alterations of 124 sequential protocol biopsies performed at 2, 3, and 5 yr after transplantation in 46 patients who exhibited histologic evidence of CAN in the 1-yr biopsy. The occurrence of late acute rejection (AR) greater than 4 mo posttransplant was significantly associated with the development of histologic CAN. In contrast, early clinical AR occurring within 3 mo had no impact on the subsequent development of CAN at 1 yr. Subclinical AR was evident in association with CAN in 50%, 32%, 19%, and 16% of cases with CAN at 1, 2, 3, and 5 yr, respectively. These acute lesions correlated significantly with histologic progression defined as an increased CADI score of the follow-up biopsies. Furthermore, a group of patients who exhibited repeated subclinical AR in the sequential follow-up biopsies had a lower creatinine clearance at 5 yr after transplantation and worse long-term graft survival. In contrast, the absence of evidence of acute inflammation in association with CAN at any time point was associated with minimal deterioration in renal function or progression of renal lesions during the observation period. These results suggest that the persistence of chronic active inflammation may be responsible for the histologic progression of CAN.
Immunization with live recombinant Salmonella typhimurium aroA producing F1 antigen protects against plague (1995)

An attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain which expressed the F1 capsular antigen of Yersinia pestis was constructed by transformation of S. typhimurium SL3261 with plasmid pFGAL2a, a derivative of pUC18 which contained the caf1 gene without the leader sequence. The recombinant was used to vaccinate mice intragastrically and intravenously. The immunity induced was able to protect mice against challenge with a virulent strain of plague. Protection correlated with the induction of high titers of immunoglobulin G in serum samples and a specific T-cell response.
HMGB-1 as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (2015)

As a therapeutic target, HMGB-1 can inhibit inflammation and promote RGCs survival to delay DR progress through the HMGB-1-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
The Fate of Membrane-bound Ribosomes Following the Termination of Protein Synthesis (2000)

Contemporary models for protein translocation in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER) identify the termination of protein synthesis as the signal for ribosome release from the ER membrane. We have utilized morphometric and biochemical methods to assess directly the fate of membrane-bound ribosomes following the termination of protein synthesis. In these studies, tissue culture cells were treated with cycloheximide to inhibit elongation, with pactamycin to inhibit initiation, or with puromycin to induce premature chain termination, and ribosome-membrane interactions were subsequently analyzed. It was found that following the termination of protein synthesis, the majority of ribosomal particles remained membrane-associated. Analysis of the subunit structure of the membrane-bound ribosomal particles remaining after termination was conducted by negative stain electron microscopy and sucrose gradient sedimentation. By both methods of analysis, the termination of protein synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes was accompanied by the release of small ribosomal subunits from the ER membrane; the majority of the large subunits remained membrane-bound. On the basis of these results, we propose that large ribosomal subunit release from the ER membrane is regulated independently of protein translocation.
Characterization of the structural properties of .alpha.1B, a peptide designed to form a four-helix bundle (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the structural properties of .alpha.1B, a peptide designed to form a four-helix bundleJohn J. Osterhout Jr., Tracy Handel, George Na, Arazdordi Toumadje, Robert C. Long, Peter J. Connolly, Jeffrey C. Hoch, W. Curtis Johnson Jr., David Live, and William F. DeGradoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1, 331–337Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00027a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00027a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Practical global illumination with irradiance caching (2007)

Article Practical global illumination with irradiance caching Share on Authors: Jaroslav Křivánek View Profile , Pascal Gautron View Profile , Greg Ward View Profile , Okan Arikan View Profile , Henrik Wann Jensen View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '07: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 coursesAugust 2007 Pages 1–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/1281500.1281617Online:05 August 2007Publication History 0citation45DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads45Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Direct Mannich Reactions via Electrophilic Activation (2004)

It was found that the phosphoric acid derivatives of general structure 1 serve as highly effective catalysts for the direct addition of acetyl acetone to N-Boc-protected arylimines. The beneficial effects of the 3,3'-bisaryl substituents of the catalysts on the enantioselectivity are greatly appreciated, and thus 1d functions as an excellent catalyst. The Brønsted acid-catalyzed direct Mannich reactions presented herein provide an attractive way to construct beta-aminoketones under extremely mild conditions. The stereochemical course of this reaction was established through the synthesis of Boc-(S)-phenylglycine methylester. The transformation thus demonstrated is applicable to a useful method for the synthesis of various phenylglycine derivatives.
Inhibition of Fcγ Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis by a Nonphagocytic Fcγ Receptor (1998)

There are three major classes of human Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII) and various isoforms of each class are capable of mediating phagocytosis. FcgammaRIIA is an unusual Fcgamma receptor in that it transmits a phagocytic signal in the absence of an additional receptor subunit. The cytoplasmic domain of FcgammaRIIA contains a conserved motif containing two copies of the sequence YXXL. The tyrosines (Y) within the motif are phosphorylated after receptor crosslinking and the integrity of these conserved sequences is required for efficient phagocytosis. The FcgammaRIIB receptors, FcgammaRIIB1 and FcgammaRIIB2, contain one copy of the cytoplasmic YXXL sequence and do not transmit a phagocytic signal. In B cells, FcgammaRIIB negatively regulates B-cell activation by the B-cell antigen receptor. Human macrophages express both FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIB and while FcgammaRIIA mediates phagocytosis, the function of FcgammaRIIB in these cells is unknown. Using the epithelial/fibroblast-like cell line COS-1 as a model to examine the molecular events that regulate the phagocytosis of IgG-coated cells (EA), we investigated the effect of FcgammaRIIB on FcgammaRIIA signaling. FcgammaRIIB inhibited phagocytosis mediated both by FcgammaRIIA and by a chimeric FcgammaRIIA receptor containing the extracellular domain of FcgammaRI and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of FcgammaRIIA. This inhibition occurred at an early signaling stage because tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcgammaRIIA cytoplasmic domain was inhibited after concurrent stimulation of these receptors with EA. FcgammaRIIB mutations showed the importance of the FcgammaRIIB YXXL for inhibition of FcgammaRIIA-mediated phagocytosis. Deletion of the FcgammaRIIB YXXL or conservative replacement of the YXXL tyrosine substantially reduced the inhibitory signal. FcgammaRIIB had a lesser inhibitory effect on phagocytosis by the Fcgamma receptor FcgammaRIIIA, which requires a gamma subunit to mediate a phagocytic signal. These results show that FcgammaRIIB negatively regulates phagocytic signaling by FcgammaRIIA and suggests that FcgammaRIIB plays a role in modulating FcgammaRIIA function in vivo.
Effect of backing layer thickness on adhesion of single-level elastomer fiber arrays (2007)

The effect of the backing layer thickness on adhesion was investigated for single-level elastomer fibrillar adhesives. Polyurethane microfiber arrays with spatulated tips on a 160μm thick backing layer show nine times greater adhesion strength (around 22N∕cm2) than those with a 1120μm thick backing. A theoretical model is proposed to explain this difference in which very thin backing layers promote equal load sharing, maximizing adhesion, while very thick backings can lead to reduced adhesion due to edge stress concentration. Therefore, backing layer thickness should be considered as a significant parameter for design of high performance fibrillar adhesives.
Primarily disconnected operation: experiences with Ficus (2003)

Ficus is a flexible replication facility with optimistic concurrency control designed to span a wide range of scales and network environments. Support for partitioned operation is fundamental to the Ficus design but was not widely exercised in early Ficus use. This paper reports recent experiences using Ficus in settings where some replicas are only occasionally connected to a network, and hence partitioned operation is the rule rather than the exception. The authors conclude that with some tuning, Ficus adapted quite well to primarily disconnected operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Parallel Integration of Microfluidic Device Network for Emulsion Formation (2009)

This work describes a design strategy to scale up microfluidics for producing monodispersed emulsions. Scale-up to 180 microfluidic devices with tight distribution of droplet size has been achieved (coefficient of variation CV ∼ 5%) by designing a system that is capable of operating easily without active control on single devices within the microfluidic platform. This has been achieved by using existing knowledge gained in the formation of monodispersed emulsions using a single device. We have identified three important factors affecting the scale-up of microfluidic systems that can benefit industrial scale-up processing. First, we used a network model simulation (Matlab) to evaluate two different branching layouts used to distribute liquids from a single manifold into the parallelized device network. We checked how fabrication tolerances could affect droplet formation, and as a result of this step, the ladder-type layout was preferred to the tree-type arrangement. The second important contribution of this work is the introduction of separate drainage manifolds for the two phases connecting all the input streams which have improved the performance and the operability of the system. Finally, we introduced a large opening after a short channel (150 μm) downstream of the junction where the droplet is formed. This opening acts like a reservoir to damp any pressure variation which could travel back to the inlet point and disturb the flow of neighboring devices.
Infrared reflectance properties of surface thin films (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared reflectance properties of surface thin filmsYu Sze Yen and James S. WongCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 20, 7208–7216Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100357a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100357a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Modular Synthesis of Constrained Ethyl (cEt) Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides (2015)

A modular and scalable approach to pyrimidine- and purine-containing constrained ethyl (cEt) nucleosides is demonstrated. Minimizing stereochemical adjustments and protecting group manipulations, diacetone glucose is converted to two representative cEt nucleosides via a functionalized, common intermediate. The retrosynthetic approach to this complex class of drug precursors offers clear benefits over existing routes based on step count and efficiency.