gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB 1 receptor (2001)

Two types of endogenous cannabinoid-receptor agonists have been identified thus far. They are the ethanolamides of polyunsaturated fatty acids--arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide) is the best known compound in the amide series--and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, the only known endocannabinoid in the ester series. We report now an example of a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), isolated from porcine brain. The structure of noladin ether was determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and was confirmed by comparison with a synthetic sample. It binds to the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor (K(i) = 21.2 +/- 0.5 nM) and causes sedation, hypothermia, intestinal immobility, and mild antinociception in mice. It binds weakly to the CB(2) receptor (K(i) > 3 microM).
Influence of a V kappa 8 L chain transgene on endogenous rearrangements and the immune response to the HA(Sb) determinant on influenza virus (1991)

A rearranged murine V kappa 8/J kappa 5 L chain gene that codes for the L chain of most antibodies generated in the primary response of BALB/c mice to the antigenic site, Sb, of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (PR8) has been cloned. Three transgenic lines were generated by microinjecting the gene. Lines Ga and L each contain a single copy of the transgene whereas line Gb contains three complete copies. Mice of the Ga lineage showed increased V kappa 8-specific mRNA levels only in spleen, but not in nonlymphoid organs and therefore displayed apparently normal lymphoid-specific regulation of the Ig transgene. B cell hybridomas generated from these mice were analyzed for rearrangements of endogenous V kappa genes. Greater than 90% of the C kappa alleles were retained in germ-line configuration in the Ga line, compared with only 0 to 18% in the L line. Thus, a wide variation in the frequency of endogenous rearrangements is seen among mice of different lineages using the same transgene construct. None of more than 150 hybridomas derived from LPS-stimulated splenic B cells of Ga mice exhibited HA-binding activity although they expressed the transgene and, in most cases, excluded endogenous V kappa rearrangements. In contrast, a large fraction of hybridomas isolated after primary immunization with PR8 were HA(Sb)-specific. This indicated that the transgene was functional but formed HA-specific antibodies with a more restricted set of H chains than previously hypothesized. The primary anti-HA response to immunization with PR8 was diminished in all lines compared with normal mice except for a slightly accelerated but transient burst of anti-HA antibody formation in two out of three lines (Ga and Gb). This early response in G lineage mice was largely specific for HA(Sb) and thus appeared to be composed of transgene-expressing antibodies. No differences in serum titers were observed in the secondary anti-HA responses to booster inoculation with PR8 between transgenic and normal mice.
Enhancement of Solution NMR and MRI with Laser-Polarized Xenon (1996)

Optical pumping with laser light can be used to polarize the nuclear spins of gaseous xenon-129. When hyperpolarized xenon-129 is dissolved in liquids, a time-dependent departure of the proton spin polarization from its thermal equilibrium is observed. The variation of the magnetization is an unexpected manifestation of the nuclear Overhauser effect, a consequence of cross-relaxation between the spins of solution protons and dissolved xenon-129. Time-resolved magnetic resonance images of both nuclei in solution show that the proton magnetization is selectively perturbed in regions containing spin-polarized xenon-129. This effect could find use in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of surfaces and proteins and in magnetic resonance imaging.
Mouse Serum Growth Hormone (GH) Binding Protein has GH Receptor Extracellular and Substituted Transmembrane Domains (1989)

Predicted amino acid sequences for the mouse GH receptor and the related serum GH binding protein were deducted from cDNAs. Two types of cDNA clones were isolated. Both types coded an identical peptide domain with extensive homology to the extracellular domains of the recently cloned human and rabbit GH receptors. However, while one type of clone also encoded regions with homology to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the human and rabbit GH receptors, the other encoded a short hydrophilic carboxyl-terminal region in place of the transmembrane domain. It is speculated that these two types of clones encode the high and low molecular weight variants of the mouse GH receptor/serum binding proteins, respectively. The low molecular weight variant has been previously found to constitute the majority of the serum GH binding activity in mice. It is proposed that the substitution of the hydrophilic tail for the transmembrane domain may give the low molecular weight variant its soluble nature and account for its presence in serum.
Load elimination for low-power embedded processors (2005)

The performance requirements of emerging embedded applications are rapidly increasing. One attractive approach to increase the performance of processors, while keeping their energy consumption low, is to utilize instruction-level parallelism. Hence, we are witnessing a significant increase in the number of superscalar embedded processors. In this paper, we present a method to reduce the energy consumption in such processors. Particularly, we will show that a) the load instructions in representative applications exhibit a large address locality, i.e., two consecutive executions of the same load instruction is very likely to access the same data, and b) the register file utilization of these applications are usually low. To take advantage of these observations, we devise a load elimination scheme, which tries to store the data values of load instructions in the register file. Our results with 11 MediaBench applications reveal that this method eliminates 20.5% of all cache accesses, resulting in 11.5% reduction in the energy consumption.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Flurbiprofen Analogues as Selective Inhibitors of β-Amyloid1-42Secretion (2005)

Flurbiprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), has been recently described to selectively inhibit beta-amyloid(1)(-)(42) (Abeta42) secretion, the most toxic component of the senile plaques present in the brain of Alzheimer patients. The use of this NSAID in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is hampered by a significant gastrointestinal toxicity associated with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. New flurbiprofen analogues were synthesized, with the aim of increasing Abeta42 inhibitory potency while removing anti-COX activity. In vitro ADME developability parameters were taken into account in order to identify optimized compounds at an early stage of the project. Appropriate substitution patterns at the alpha position of flurbiprofen allowed for the complete removal of anti-COX activity, while modifications at the terminal phenyl ring resulted in increased inhibitory potency on Abeta42 secretion. In rats, some of the compounds appeared to be well absorbed after oral administration and to penetrate into the central nervous system. Studies in a transgenic mice model of AD showed that selected compounds significantly decreased plasma Abeta42 concentrations. These new flurbiprofen analogues represent potential drug candidates to be developed for the treatment of AD.
Referral by Facsimile: New Legal Headache for Home Health Care? (1989)

Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional: November 1989 - Volume 7 - Issue 6 - p 4-5
Functional reassembly of membrane proteins in planar lipid bilayers (1981)

Recent progress in membrane biology has brought us to a stage where it is possible to associate complex biological processes to identifiable membrane proteins. Technical advances in the biochemical characterization and purification of membrane proteins have contributed a wealth of structural information. The reconstitution approach has proved to be valuable in our efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of membrane transport and energy transduction.
Formal Specification and Verification of a Coordination Protocol for an Automated Air Traffic Control System (2012)

Safe separation between aircraft is the primary consideration in air traffic control. To achieve the required level of assurance for this safety-critical application, the Automated Airspace Concept (AAC) proposes three levels of conflict detection and resolution. Recently, a high-level operational concept was proposed to define the cooperation between components in the AAC. However, the proposed coordination protocol has not been formally studied. We use formal verification techniques to ensure there are no potentially catastrophic design flaws remaining in the AAC design before the next stage of production. We formalize the high-level operational concept, which was previously described only in natural language, in NuSMV and perform model validation by checking against LTL/CTL specifications we derive from the system description. We write LTL specifications describing safe system operations and use model checking for system verification. We employ specification debugging to ensure correctness of both sets of formal specifications and model abstraction to reduce model checking time and enable fast, design-time checking. We analyze two counterexamples revealing unexpected emergent behaviors in the operational concept that triggered design changes by system engineers to meet safety standards. Our experience report illuminates the application of formal methods in real safety-critical system development by detailing a complete end-to-end design-time verification process including all models and specifications.
Fine-Grained Segmentation Networks: Self-Supervised Segmentation for Improved Long-Term Visual Localization (2019)

Long-term visual localization is the problem of estimating the camera pose of a given query image in a scene whose appearance changes over time. It is an important problem in practice that is, for example, encountered in autonomous driving. In order to gain robustness to such changes, long-term localization approaches often use segmantic segmentations as an invariant scene representation, as the semantic meaning of each scene part should not be affected by seasonal and other changes. However, these representations are typically not very discriminative due to the very limited number of available classes. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network, the Fine-Grained Segmentation Network (FGSN), that can be used to provide image segmentations with a larger number of labels and can be trained in a self-supervised fashion. In addition, we show how FGSNs can be trained to output consistent labels across seasonal changes. We show through extensive experiments that integrating the fine-grained segmentations produced by our FGSNs into existing localization algorithms leads to substantial improvements in localization performance.
A Conformationally Locked Analogue of the Anti-HIV Agent Stavudine. An Important Correlation between Pseudorotation and Maximum Amplitude (2003)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene nucleoside designed as a conformational mimic of the anti-HIV agent stavudine (1, D4T) is described. The unsaturated methanocarbocyclic pseudosugar of N-MCD4T (2) was constructed from an iodo-substituted precursor by a DBU-catalyzed olefination reaction. Mitsunobu coupling with N(3)-benzoylthymine afforded the desired target after deprotection. Both D4T and N-MCD4T are in the North (N) hemisphere of the pseudorotational cycle but 70 degrees away from a perfect N (P = 0 degrees ) conformation toward the East and West hemispheres, respectively. Despite this large difference, the double bond reduces the puckering amplitude (nu(max)) of N-MCD4T to 6.81 degrees, and the superposition of both structures showed a RMS deviation of only 0.039 A. The combined structural analysis of P and nu(max) shows that while the value of P may differ substantially, the low nu(max) resolves the differences and becomes the dominant pseudorotational parameter. N-MCD4T is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CEM, MT-2, and MT-4 cells, and while it is somewhat less potent than D4T, it also appears to be less toxic. The triphosphate (N-MCD4TTP) inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase with a 10-fold higher IC(50) than D4TTP. By virtue of its carbocyclic nature, N-MCD4T (2) is a more robust molecule stable to conditions that would cleave D4T.
Copper doped window layer for CdSe solar cells (2008)

CdSe solar cells with ZnTe as the window layer deposited by CSS process have shown Voc's around 630mV. However the currents were very low and also the voltages were not meeting the desired objectives. To improve the performance the contact energy at the ZnTe/Cu interface should be minimized by doping the window layer.\nThermal evaporation was used to deposit ZnTe to have more control over the composition of the film. Initial experiments were done by depositing Cu doped ZnTe films on plain glass by co-evaporating both ZnTe and Cu. The conductivity was in the order of 10e3 which shows copper present in the film in the order of 1e22 S/cm³. This accomplishes a tunneling contact with the top electrode. Using the ZnTe:Cu contacts in complete devices resulted in disappointing voltages and currents.\nEfforts were made to deal with the poor performance of the cells. Devices were made on different types of TCO coated glass substrates but, were resulting in the same numbers which shows the type of TCO has an insignificant effect on the performance. The Cu doping has been helping in raising the Vocs but at the same time marred the currents whose effect has been unexplainable. Further experiments have been made changing the ZnTe thickness and concentration of Cu doping.\nExperiments were done increasing the substrate temperature as high as 5000C during ZnTe deposition and a Se flux has been introduced so as to compensate the loss of Se from CdSe at such high substrate temperature. But these experiments resulted in dismal performance indicating the domination of defects in the undoped ZnTe layer.
Observations on massive retrieved human allografts. (1991)

Radiographic and histological studies of sixteen massive retrieved human allografts were carried out after the allografts had been in situ for four to sixty-five months. The studies demonstrated that union between the allograft and the host took place slowly at cortical-cortical junctions by the formation of an external callus derived from the cortex of the host, and it took place more rapidly at cancellous-cancellous junctions by internal callus advancing from the host into the allograft. Internal repair took place very slowly, was confined to the superficial surface and the ends of the graft, and had involved only 20 per cent of the graft by five years. The deep unrepaired portions of the graft retained their architecture, and where bone cement had been used to fix a prosthetic stem or an intramedullary rod to the allograft, there was no evidence of resorption of bone or loosening of the device. Soft tissues of the host became attached to the graft by deposition of a thin seam of new bone on the surface of the graft. A previous fracture of two grafts had healed before the time of retrieval. Analysis of the articular cartilage revealed no evidence that any chondrocytes had survived, even when the graft had been cryoprotected before it was preserved by freezing. The necrotic cartilage functioned well for as long as five years, and as it degenerated, it was covered by a pannus of fibrovascular reparative tissue. Two allografts that had been removed because of rejection were surrounded by an envelope of chronic inflammatory tissue that prevented union, adherence of soft tissue, and internal repair. Internal repair was more advanced about sites of fracture and adjacent to recurrent tumors than in other portions of the graft. These findings suggest that large frozen allografts in humans are osteoconductive rather than osteoinductive.
28‐3: Pixel Design for Transparent MicroLED Display with Low Blurring (2020)

A quasi periodic pixel structure is proposed to suppress the blurring of the transparent microLED display. By allocating the transparent areas of the subpixels, the diffraction angles and intensity of each order are reduced so that the improved see through image with less blur can be observed. By using 2D FFT simulation method, the maximum diffraction intensity of the transmitted light can be decreased by 70% by choosing proper pixel geometrical parameters. Such pixel design is simple with high feasibility and transparent microLED display with such design can be applied to a variety of occasions including head‐up display for vehicles where a clear see through image with blur suppression is crucial.
3D printing with flying robots (2014)

Extensive work has been devoted recently to the development of 3D printing or additive layer manufacturing technologies, as well as to the field of flying robots. However, to the best of the authors <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> knowledge, no robotic prototype has been presented so far that combines additive layer manufacturing techniques with aerial robotics. In this paper, we examine the feasibility of such a hybrid approach and present the design and characterisation of an aerial 3D printer; a flying robot capable of depositing polyurethane expanding foam in mid-flight. We evaluate various printing materials and describe the design and integration of a lightweight printing module onto a quadcopter, as well as discuss the limitations and opportunities for aerial construction with flying robots using the developed technologies. Potential applications include ad-hoc construction of first response structures in search and rescue scenarios, printing structures to bridge gaps in discontinuous terrain, and repairing damaged surfaces in areas that are inaccessible by ground-based robots.
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Responses to Overtly Presented Fearful Faces in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2005)

These results provide evidence for exaggerated amygdala responsivity, diminished medial prefrontal cortex responsivity, and a reciprocal relationship between these 2 regions during passive viewing of overtly presented affective stimuli unrelated to trauma in PTSD.
Transport and Storage Systems for 3-D Video Using MPEG-2 Systems, RTP, and ISO File Format (2010)

Three-dimensional video based on stereo and multiview video representations is currently being introduced to the home through various channels, including broadcast such as via cable, terrestrial and satellite transmission, streaming and download through the Internet, as well as on storage media such as Blu-ray discs. In order to deliver 3-D content to the consumer, different media system technologies have been standardized or are currently under development. The most important standards are MPEG-2 systems, which is used for digital broadcast and storage on Blu-ray discs, real-time transport protocol (RTP), which is used for real-time transmissions over the Internet, and the ISO base media file format, which can be used for progressive download in video-on-demand applications. In this paper, we give an overview of these three system layer approaches, where the main focus is on the multiview video coding (MVC) extension of H.264/AVC and the application of the system approaches to the delivery and storage of MVC.
Asymmetric synthesis of non‐proteinogenic dipeptides by the bislactim ether method, I. Asymmetric synthesis of Boc‐L‐Val‐(R)‐α‐MePro‐OMe, Boc‐L‐Val‐(R)‐Pro‐OMe, and of Boc‐L‐Val‐(R)‐α‐MePhe‐OMe, Ac‐L‐Val‐(R)‐α‐MePhe‐OMe and their analogues. A new strategy for the synthesis of non‐proteinogenic dipeptides (1988)

Abstract A new strategy for the asymmetric synthesis of non‐proteinogenic dipeptides based on the bislactim ether method is described. The non‐proteinogenic amino acid which is part of the dipeptide, is built up stereoselectively at the bislactim ether stage. Subsequently, the bislactim ether is partially cleaved to a monolactim ether. This, in turn, is converted into a dipeptide ester with the non‐proteinogenic amino acid either in C‐ or in N‐terminal position. The title compounds were synthesized by this new strategy.
High Cervical Fetal-Fibronectin Concentrations and Birth within 3 Days in Pregnancies of 41 Weeks or More (1995)

To the Editor: Preterm birth has been reported to occur shortly after the appearance of substantial amounts of fetal fibronectin in vaginal and cervical secretions.1,2 Fetal fibronectin, a component of the extracellular matrix of fetal membranes, leaks into the cervix when the interaction between the fetal membranes and the uterine wall weakens. However, if the vaginal fetal-fibronectin concentration remains low at 39 weeks of gestation, then the pregnancy is likely to progress beyond 41 weeks,3 with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.4 If the approximate day of parturition could be predicted, it would aid in deciding whether . . .
Subtractive cDNA cloning using oligo(dt)30-latex and PCR: isolation of cDNA clones specific to undifferentiated human embryonal carcinoma cells (1991)

The human embryonal carcinoma cell line NEC14 can be induced to differentiate by the addition of 10(-2)M N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HMBA). A subtractive cDNA library specific to undifferentiated NEC14 cells was constructed using oligo(dT)30-Latex and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The method was designed to improve the efficiency of subtraction and the enrichment of cDNA clones corresponding to low abundance mRNAs. The single strand of cDNA was made from mRNA prepared from the HMBA-treated NEC14 cells using an oligo(dT)30 primer covalently linked to Latex particles. After removal of the mRNA template by heat-denaturation and centrifugation, the subtractive hybridization was carried out between the cDNA-oligo(dT)30-Latex and mRNA from untreated NEC14 cells. Unhybridized mRNA collected by centrifugation was hybridized repeatedly to the cDNA-oligo(dT)30-Latex and subtractive mRNA was converted to cDNA. The subtractive cDNA was then amplified by PCR and cloned into pBluescript II KS-. The cDNA library thus constructed consisted of approximately 10,000 independent clones with cDNA inserts of 1.7 Kb on average. Differential hybridization of these transformants indicated that approximately 3% of them contained cDNA inserts specific to the undifferentiated EC cells, some of which were derived from low abundance mRNAs.