gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased immunoreactivity of stromal cell-derived factor‐1 and angiogenesis in asthma (2003)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and can induce neovascularisation. To examine the role of SDF-1 in the development of angiogenesis, immunohistochemical studies were performed on bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic and control subjects. Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 13 asthmatic and eight control subjects. The number of vessels and the percentage area they occupied were estimated after staining for type-IV collagen. In addition the number of SDF-1-positive cells was determined. There was a significant increase in the number of vessels and the percentage vascularity in the submucosa of asthmatic subjects compared with control subjects. Asthmatic subjects exhibited a greater number of SDF-1-positive cells in the airway mucosa than control subjects. The degree of vascularity was associated with the number of SDF-1-positive cells. Furthermore, the number of SDF-1-positive cells was inversely correlated with airway calibre and airway hyperresponsiveness. Colocalisation studies revealed that endothelial cells, macrophages and T-lymphocytes were the major sources of SDF-1. These findings suggest that increased vascularity of bronchial mucosa in asthmatic subjects is closely related to the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 positive cells, which may play a role in remodelling of airways via angiogenesis.
On combining watermarking with perceptual coding (2002)

A watermark is a data stream inserted into multimedia content. It contains information relevant to the ownership or authorized use of the content. A watermark which could be recovered without a priori knowledge of the identity of the content could be used by Web search mechanisms to flag unauthorized distribution of the content. Since media will be compressed on these sites, a mark detection algorithm that operated in the compressed domain would be useful. We describe a watermark algorithm which operates in the compressed domain and does not require a reference.
The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Masitinib Blunts Airway Inflammation and Improves Associated Lung Mechanics in a Feline Model of Chronic Allergic Asthma (2012)

Masitinib reduced BALF eosinophilia and TP, indicating improved airway inflammation and edema, and improved P(plat) and P(plat)-PEEP, suggesting benefit to respiratory compliance influenced by airway inflammation/edema. Masitinib deserves further study in humans with chronic allergic asthma.
Signal-induced site-specific phosphorylation targets I kappa B alpha to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (1995)

The transcription factor NF-kappa B is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the inhibitor protein I kappa B alpha. Extracellular inducers of NF-kappa B activate signal transduction pathways that result in the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of I kappa B alpha. At present, the link between phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha and its degradation is not understood. In this report we provide evidence that phosphorylation of serine residues 32 and 36 of I kappa B alpha targets the protein to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. I kappa B alpha is ubiquitinated in vivo and in vitro following phosphorylation, and mutations that abolish phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha in vivo prevent ubiquitination in vitro. Ubiquitinated I kappa B alpha remains associated with NF-kappa B, and the bound I kappa B alpha is degraded by the 26S proteasome. Thus, ubiquitination provides a mechanistic link between phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha.
Conservation of immune gene signatures in solid tumors and prognostic implications (2016)

These findings suggest that tumor infiltrating immune cells can be differentiated by immune-specific gene expression patterns that quantify the relative abundance of multiple immune infiltrates across a range of solid tumor types. That these markers of immune involvement are significantly associated with patient prognosis in diverse cancers suggests their clinical utility as pan-cancer markers of tumor behavior and immune responsiveness.
Gel electrophoresis with discontinuous rotation of the gel: An alternative to gel electrophoresis with changing direction of the electrical field (1987)

Abstract When using agarose gel electrophoresis to fractionate linear DNA longer than 40–60 kilobases (kB), improved resolution by length has previously been obtained by periodically and discontinuously changing the direction the electrical field. This change of the field's direction was accomplished by alternately activating two sets of electrodes. However, some of the procedures used produce inhomogeneous electrical fields and with all of these procedures it is comparatively difficult to either change the angle between the two directions of the field or suppress formation of local pH gradients. To overcome these problems, a procedure is presented for changing the direction of the electrical field by rotating the gel. During agarose gel electrophoresis, a commercially available stepping motor and indexer are used to periodically rotate a gel on a circular disk within a conventional, horizontal, submerged gel electrophoresis apparatus. Because of the homogeneous field used, DNA forms comparatively sharp, undistorted bands. The previously achieved improved resolution of 40–166 kB, linear, double‐stranded DNÀ has been achieved here by rotating the gel. Dependence of length resolution on both the angle of rotation and the temperature has been measured.
Mitigation of muscular dystrophy in mice by SERCA overexpression in skeletal muscle (2011)

Muscular dystrophies (MDs) comprise a group of degenerative muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscle wasting and often premature death. The primary defect common to most MDs involves disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). This leads to sarcolemmal instability and Ca(2+) influx, inducing cellular necrosis. Here we have shown that the dystrophic phenotype observed in δ-sarcoglycan–null (Sgcd(–/–)) mice and dystrophin mutant mdx mice is dramatically improved by skeletal muscle–specific overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 1 (SERCA1). Rates of myofiber central nucleation, tissue fibrosis, and serum creatine kinase levels were dramatically reduced in Sgcd(–/–) and mdx mice with the SERCA1 transgene, which also rescued the loss of exercise capacity in Sgcd(–/–) mice. Adeno-associated virus–SERCA2a (AAV-SERCA2a) gene therapy in the gastrocnemius muscle of Sgcd(–/–) mice mitigated dystrophic disease. SERCA1 overexpression reversed a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) reuptake that characterizes dystrophic myofibers and reduced total cytosolic Ca(2+). Further, SERCA1 overexpression almost completely rescued the dystrophic phenotype in a mouse model of MD driven solely by Ca(2+) influx. Mitochondria isolated from the muscle of SERCA1-Sgcd(–/–) mice were no longer swollen and calpain activation was reduced, suggesting protection from Ca(2+)-driven necrosis. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach using SERCA1 to abrogate the altered intracellular Ca(2+) levels that underlie most forms of MD.
Broadband generation of terahertz radiation in a waveguide (2004)

We report a novel geometry that allows for the phase-matched generation of broadband terahertz radiation in a polymer-based parallel-plate metal waveguide by means of optical rectification. Both the optical pump beam and the generated terahertz radiation propagate in the fundamental mode of the waveguide. This allows for noncritical phase matching over a broad range of terahertz frequencies. We demonstrate guided-wave interaction lengths of up to 3 mm.
NF-κB is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in a model of breast cancer progression (2004)

The transcription factor NF-B is activated in a range of human cancers and is thought to promote tumorigenesis, mainly due to its ability to protect transformed cells from apoptosis. To investigate the role of NF-B in epithelial plasticity and metastasis, we utilized a well-characterized in vitro/in vivo model of mammary carcinogenesis that depends on the collaboration of the Ha-Ras oncoprotein and TGF-. We show here that the IKK-2/IB/NF-B pathway is required for the induction and maintenance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Inhibition of NF-B signaling prevented EMT in Ras-transformed epithelial cells, while activation of this pathway promoted the transition to a mesenchymal phenotype even in the absence of TGF-. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-B activity in mesenchymal cells caused a reversal of EMT, suggesting that NF-B is essential for both the induction and maintenance of EMT. In line with the importance of EMT for invasion, blocking of NF-B activity abrogated the metastatic potential of mammary epithelial cells in a mouse model system. Collectively, these data provide evidence of an essential role for NF-B during distinct steps of breast cancer progression and suggest that the cooperation of Ras-and TGF--dependent signaling pathways in late-stage tumorigenesis depends critically on NF-B activity.
Wax Ester Production from n -Alkanes by Acinetobacter sp. Strain M-1: Ultrastructure of Cellular Inclusions and Role of Acyl Coenzyme A Reductase (2002)

Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1 accumulated a large amount of wax esters from an n-alkane under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Under the optimized conditions with n-hexadecane as the substrate, the amount of hexadecyl hexadecanoate in the cells reached 0.17 g/g of cells (dry weight). Electron microscopic analysis revealed that multilayered disk-shaped intracellular inclusions were formed concomitant with wax ester formation. The contribution of acyl-CoA reductase to wax ester synthesis was evaluated by gene disruption analysis.
Aromatic amidines. Comparison of their ability to block respiratory syncytial virus induced cell fusion and to inhibit plasmin, urokinase, thrombin, and trypsin (1983)

Two series of amidine derivatives consisting of a total of 24 compounds were examined for a correlation between their blocking effect on respiratory syncytial virus induced cell fusion and their inhibitory activity against selected trypsin-like protease. Although no correlation was evident between the two activities, several potentially important discoveries were made. A highly selective inhibitor of plasmin over thrombin (compound 10) was obtained, and a potent new blocker of virus-induced cell fusion (compound 22) was identified.
Tissue Sodium Concentration in Human Brain Tumors as Measured with23Na MR Imaging (2003)

23Na MR imaging with short echo times can be used to quantify absolute tissue sodium concentration in patients with brain tumors and shows increased sodium concentration in tumors relative to that in normal brain structures.
Glucocorticoid regulation of murine leukemia virus transcription elements is specified by determinants within the viral enhancer region (1987)

The transcriptional control region (the long terminal repeat, LTR) of the leukemogenic murine retrovirus SL3-3 contains a glucocorticoid-responsive consensus sequence, as does the corresponding region of the nonleukemogenic virus Akv. Dexamethasone increases gene expression directed by both LTR sequences. However, the responses of the LTRs of the two viruses to dexamethasone differ according to the cell line in which the response is measured. The results of these studies provide insights regarding differences in response to glucocorticoids dependent upon cell line and indicate that the glucocorticoid-responsive elements may compose one of the determinants of tissue specificity and pathogenicity of the murine retroviruses.
Triple Gene-Deleted Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Double-Armed with Interleukin 18 and Soluble B7-1 Constructed by Bacterial Artificial Chromosome–Mediated System (2005)

Conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors are promising therapeutic agents for cancer. Certain antitumor functions may be added to oncolytic activities of recombinant HSV-1 vectors by inserting transgenes into the viral genome. Because conventional homologous recombination techniques had required time-consuming processes to create "armed" oncolytic HSV-1 vectors, we established an innovative construction system using bacterial artificial chromosome and two recombinase systems (Cre/loxP and FLPe/FRT). Using G47Delta, a safe and efficacious oncolytic HSV-1 with triple gene mutations, as the backbone, this system allowed a rapid generation of multiple vectors with desired transgenes inserted in the deleted ICP6 locus. Four oncolytic HSV-1 vectors, expressing murine interleukin 18 (mIL-18), soluble murine B7-1 [B7-1-immunoglobulin (B7-1-Ig)], both, or none, were created simultaneously within 3 months. In vitro, all newly created recombinant vectors exhibited virus yields and cytopathic effects similar to the parental G47Delta. In two immunocompetent mouse tumor models, TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer and Neuro2a neuroblastoma, the vector expressing both mIL-18 and B7-1-Ig showed a significant enhancement of antitumor efficacy via T-cell-mediated immune responses. The results show that "arming" with multiple transgenes can improve the efficacy of oncolytic HSV-1 vectors. The use of our system may facilitate the development and testing of various armed oncolytic HSV-1 vectors.
Preservation of Base-line Hemodynamic Function and Loss of Inducible Cardioprotection in Adult Mice Lacking Protein Kinase Cϵ (2004)

Signaling pathways involving protein kinase C isozymes are modulators of cardiovascular development and response to injury. Protein kinase C epsilon activation in cardiac myocytes reduces necrosis caused by coronary artery disease. However, it is unclear whether protein kinase C epsilon function is required for normal cardiac development or inducible protection against oxidative stress. Protein kinase C delta activation is also observed during cardiac preconditioning. However, its role as a promoter or inhibitor of injury is controversial. We examined hearts from protein kinase C epsilon knock-out mice under physiological conditions and during acute ischemia reperfusion. Null-mutant and wild-type mice displayed equivalent base-line morphology and hemodynamic function. Targeted disruption of the protein kinase C epsilon gene blocked cardioprotection caused by ischemic preconditioning and alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Protein kinase C delta activation increased in protein kinase C epsilon knock-out myocytes without altering resistance to injury. These observations support protein kinase C epsilon activation as an essential component of cardioprotective signaling. Our results favor protein kinase C delta activation as a mediator of normal growth. This study advances the understanding of cellular mechanisms responsible for preservation of myocardial integrity as potential targets for prevention and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Tyrosyl Kinase Activity Is Inversely Related to Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Activity in Two Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines (1986)

Alterations in prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), a phosphotyrosyl phosphatase, corresponded to changes in overall tyrosyl kinase activity. PAcP added to extracts of prostate carcinoma cells with a low endogenous level of PAcP activity and elevated tyrosyl kinase activity decreased the tyrosyl kinase activity. On the other hand, when PAcP activity was decreased by the addition of androgens to cells, there was a corresponding increase in tyrosyl kinase activity.
Gut TFH and IgA: key players for regulation of bacterial communities and immune homeostasis (2013)

The main function of the immune system is to protect the host against pathogens. However, unlike the systemic immune system, the gut immune system does not eliminate, but instead nourishes complex bacterial communities and establishes advanced symbiotic relationships. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in mammals, produced mainly in the gut. The primary function of IgA is to maintain homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, and studies in mice have demonstrated that IgA diversification has an essential role in the regulation of gut microbiota. Dynamic diversification and constant adaptation of IgA responses to local microbiota require expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase by B cells and control from T follicular helper and Foxp3(+) T cells in germinal centers (GCs). We discuss the finely tuned regulatory mechanisms for IgA synthesis in GCs of Peyer's patches and emphasize the roles of CD4(+) T cells for IgA selection and the maintenance of appropriate gut microbial communities required for immune homeostasis.
Natural Language Aided Visual Query Building for Complex Data Access (2010)

Over the past decades, there have been significant efforts on developing robust and easy-to-use query interfaces to databases. So far, the typical query interfaces are GUI-based visual query interfaces. Visual query interfaces however, have limitations especially when they are used for accessing large and complex datasets. Therefore, we are developing a novel query interface where users can use natural language expressions to help author visual queries. Our work enhances the usability of a visual query interface by directly addressing the "knowledge gap" issue in visual query interfaces. We have applied our work in several real-world applications. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach
Extrapulmonary Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide: Role of Reversible S-Nitrosylation of Erythrocytic Hemoglobin (2006)

Early applications of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), typically in the treatment of diseases marked by acute pulmonary hypertension, were met by great enthusiasm regarding the purported specificity of iNO: vasodilation by iNO was specific to the lung (without a change in systemic vascular resistance), and within the lung, NO activity was said to be confined spatially and temporally by Hb within the vascular lumen. Underlying these claims were classical views of NO as a short-lived paracrine hormone that acts largely through the heme groups of soluble guanylate cyclase, and whose potential activity is terminated on encountering the hemes of red blood cell (RBC) Hb. These classical views are yielding to a broader paradigm, in which NO-related signaling is achieved through redox-related NO adducts that endow NO synthase products with the ability to act at a distance in space and time from NO synthase itself. Evidence supporting the biological importance of such stable NO adducts is probably strongest for S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), in which NO binds to critical cysteine residues in proteins or peptides. The circulating RBC is a major SNO reservoir, and RBC Hb releases SNO-related bioactivity peripherally on O2 desaturation. These new paradigms describing NO transport also provide a plausible mechanistic understanding of the increasingly recognized peripheral effects of inhaled NO. An explanation for the peripheral actions of inhaled NO is discussed here, and the rationale and results of attempts to exploit the "NO delivery" function of the RBC are reviewed.
Stable transformation of plastids in higher plants. (1990)

Stable genetic transformation of the plastid genome is reported in a higher plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Plastid transformation was obtained after bombardment of leaves with tungsten particles coated with pZS148 plasmid DNA. Plasmid pZS148 (9.6 kilobases) contains a 3.7-kilobase plastid DNA fragment encoding the 16S rRNA. In the 16S rRNA-encoding DNA (rDNA) a spectinomycin resistance mutation is flanked on the 5' side by a streptomycin resistance mutation and on the 3' side by a Pst I site generated by ligating an oligonucleotide in the intergenic region. Transgenic lines were selected by spectinomycin resistance and distinguished from spontaneous mutants by the flanking, cotransformed streptomycin resistance and Pst I markers. Regenerated plants are homoplasmic for the spectinomycin resistance and the Pst I markers and heteroplasmic for the unselected streptomycin resistance trait. Transgenic plastid traits are transmitted to the seed progeny. The transgenic plastid genomes are products of a multistep process, involving DNA recombination, copy correction, and sorting out of plastid DNA copies.
Efficient, color-stable fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes with single emission layer by vapor deposition from solvent premixed deposition source (2006)

Efficient, color-stable fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with single emission layer were fabricated by vapor deposition from solvent premixed mixtures of 1,4-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)biphenyl doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(julolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran and/or 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H,5H,11H-(1)benzopy-rano(6,7,8-l, j)quinolizine-11-one. The power efficiencies at 100 cd/m2 were 4.6 lm/W for the two-spectrum pure white OLEDs and 7.2 lm/W m2 for the three-spectrum ones with white emission. By using a different host of 10,10′-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9′-bianthryl and a greenish-blue dye of di(triphenylamine)-1,4-divinylnaphthalene, the three-spectrum OLEDs with a power efficiency of 6.8 lm/W at 100 cd/m2 were obtained.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of White Ponni, a non-basmati variety of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2005)

We report successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a popular rice variety White Ponni, a non-basmati indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Scutellumderived calluses of White Ponni were transformed with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 (pSB1) harbouring the binary vector pMKU-RF2 with rice chi11 gene. Five independent transgenic White Ponni plants were generated from hygromycin-resistant calluses. Stable integration of the transgene was confirmed and copy numbers were determined by Southern analysis. Among the five plants, four possessed single-copy T-DNA integration events while one was found to have two integrated copies of T-DNA. Western analysis revealed a higher level of chitinase accumulation in all the five T 0 plants. Progeny analysis of T 0 plants confirmed the inheritance of the transgene to the next generation.
Silicon Carbide Nanosprings (2003)

Amorphous silicon carbide nanosprings, as well as biphase (crystalline core/amorphous sheath) helical nanowires, have been synthesized by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Both variants grow via the vapor−liquid−solid mechanism. The formation of the amorphous silicon carbide nanosprings is explained in terms of the contact angle anisotropy model initially proposed to explain the formation of amorphous boron carbide nanosprings. A modified contact angle anisotropy model, where the presence of temperature gradients within the catalyst are imposed, has been proposed to explain the formation of the biphase helical nanowires. The basis for this model is that the crystalline core acts to pin the catalyst, thereby prohibiting nanospring formation. The model is supported by the experimental observation of a transition to nanospring growth at the point of extinction of the crystalline core of a linear biphase nanowire at a position where the catalyst is off-center with respect to the axis of the growth direction.
Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications (1990)

Overview elementary solid state science fabrication of ceramics ceramic conductors: fabrication and applications dielectrics and insulators piezoelectric ceramics pyroelectric materials electro-optic ceramics magnetic ceramics.