gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of amino sugar metabolism in Escherichia coli and isolation of mutants unable to degrade amino sugars (1968)

1. Growth of Escherichia coli on glucosamine results in an induction of glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase [2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose 6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (deaminating), EC 5.3.1.10] and a repression of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase (l-glutamine-d-fructose 6-phosphate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.16); glucose abolishes these control effects. 2. Growth of E. coli on N-acetylglucosamine results in an induction of N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase and glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase, and in a repression of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase; glucose diminishes these control effects. 3. The synthesis of amino sugar kinases (EC 2.7.1.8 and 2.7.1.9) is unaffected by growth on amino sugars. 4. Glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase is inhibited by glucosamine 6-phosphate. 5. Mutants of E. coli that are unable to grow on N-acetylglucosamine have been isolated, and lack either N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase (deacetylaseless) or glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase (deaminaseless). Deacetylaseless mutants can grow on glucosamine but deaminaseless mutants cannot. 6. After growth on glucose, deacetylaseless mutants have a repressed glucosamine 6-phosphate synthetase and a super-induced glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase; this may be related to an intracellular accumulation of acetylamino sugar that also occurs under these conditions. In one mutant the acetylamino sugar was shown to be partly as N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate. Deaminaseless mutants have no abnormal control effects after growth on glucose. 7. Addition of N-acetylglucosamine or glucosamine to cultures of a deaminaseless mutant caused inhibition of growth. Addition of N-acetylglucosamine to cultures of a deacetylaseless mutant caused lysis, and secondary mutants were isolated that did not lyse; most of these secondary mutants had lost glucosamine 6-phosphate deaminase and an uptake mechanism for N-acetylglucosamine. 8. Similar amounts of (14)C were incorporated from [1-(14)C]-glucosamine by cells of mutants and wild-type growing on broth. Cells of wild-type and a deaminaseless mutant incorporated (14)C from N-acetyl[1-(14)C]glucosamine more efficiently than from N[1-(14)C]-acetylglucosamine, incorporation from the latter being further decreased by acetate; cells of a deacetylaseless mutant showed a poor incorporation of both types of labelled N-acetylglucosamine.
Endothelial differentiation using Matrigel (review). (1997)

Different extracellular matrices have helped in the study of angiogenesis. One, Matrigel (an extracellular matrix prepared from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma), induces endothelial cells to differentiate into blood capillaries. This interpretative review attempts to discuss the recent advances concerning the study of endothelial differentiation with Matrigel in terms of scientific relevance.
日帝 中期의 私學法規에 관한 硏究 (1998)

This thesis is intended to study the private school laws of the mid-period(1922∼1938) Japanese imperialism in Korea. The writer has conducted survey and analysis of the colonial education polisies, Chosun education ordinance, regulations governing various
Facile Synthesis of a Highly Crystalline, Covalently Linked Porous Boronate Network (2006)

A covalent organic framework (COF-18Å) based on poly(boronate ester)s has been successfully synthesized through a facile dehydration process in 85−95% isolated yield. Spectroscopic characterization confirms formation of the intended ester linkages as the key structural motif forming infinite 2D hexagonally porous sheets. Powder X-ray diffraction studies were used to determine the stacking orientation between the ester-linked sheets, such that atoms in adjacent layers lie directly over each other, resulting in a hexagonal array of 1D, 18 Å pores. COF-18Åexhibits rigid, thermally stable (to 500 °C) pores with high surface area (1260 m2/g) and a micropore volume of 0.29 cm3/g.
Milliwatt-order blue-light generation in a periodically domain-inverted LiTaO_3 waveguide (1991)

We report the characterization of a quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation device in LiTaO(3) that has a periodically domain-inverted region and a proton-exchanged channel waveguide. A blue-light power of 2.4 mW was obtained at a 424-nm wavelength. The observed temperature bandwidth for FWHM power is approximately 3 degrees C-cm, which is three times wider than that in a similar device in LiNbO(3). It is also shown that diffraction-limited focusing of the generated blue light may be obtained.
Core-Annular Oil/Water Flow: The Turbulent-Lubricating-Film Model and Measurements in a 2-in. Pipe Loop (1985)

ABSTRACT Core-flow tests with a 3000 mPa.s fuel oil in a 2-inch test facility have revealed important information on the amplitudes and lengths of waves at the oil/water interface. The wavelengths vary considerably with water fraction and oil velocity. Moreover, the flow in the water annulus is turbulent. A previously developed theoretical model for steady core-annular flow in pipes has been extended by incorporating the effect of turbulence in the water film surrounding the oil core. Core-flow pressure gradients predicted by the adapted model coincide very well with measurements provided that actual wave amplitudes and wavelengths observed during these tests are used as input data.
Advantage of Dose Fractionation in Monoclonal Antibody-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy (1990)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 IgG was radiolabeled with 131I and administered to female athymic NCr-nu mice bearing the LS-174T human colon adenocarcinoma xenograft to determine if fractionation of MAb dose had any advantage in tumor therapy. In the LS-174T xenograft, only approximately 30%-60% of tumor cells express the B72.3-reactive TAG-72 antigen. The LS-174T xenograft was used to reflect the heterogeneity of the TAG-72 antigen often seen in biopsy specimens from patients. In contrast to a single 600-muCi dose of 131I-B72.3 IgG where 60% of the animals died from toxic effects, two 300-muCi doses of 131I-B72.3 IgG (total of 600 muCi) reduced or eliminated tumor growth in 90% of mice, with only 10% of the animals dying from toxic effects. Dose fractionation even permitted escalation of the dose to three doses (each 1 wk apart) of 300 muCi of 131I-B72.3 IgG (for a total of 900 muCi), resulting in even more extensive tumor reduction or elimination and minimal toxic effects. The use of an isotype-matched control MAb revealed a nonspecific component to tumor growth retardation, but the use of the specific B72.3 IgG demonstrated a much greater therapeutic effect. Tumors that had escaped MAb therapy were analyzed for expression of the B72.3-reactive TAG-72 antigen with the use of the immunoperoxidase method; they were shown to have the same antigenic phenotype as the untreated tumors. We verified tumor elimination by killing the test animals after a 7-week observation period and performing histologic examination of tumor sites. We also monitored toxic effects by histologic examination of numerous organs, including bone marrow. These studies thus demonstrate the advantage of dose fractionation of a radiolabeled MAb for tumor therapy. We anticipate that the concept of dose fractionation can be practically applied in radioimmunotherapeutic clinical trials with the development and use of recombinant-chimeric MAbs and modified constructs.
Crystalline forms of isotactic polypropylene (1964)

Abstract The X‐ray diffraction patterns of two crystalline forms of isotactic polypropylene, the β‐ and γ‐forms distinct from the α‐form described by NATTA 1 , have been recorded. The β‐form, previously observed only as single spherulites 6 has now been obtained in a well crystalline polymer, practically free of α‐form. The γ‐form is obtained, free of α‐form, in stereoblock fractions taken over the range 35–70°C. from normal commercial polypropylenes; the γ‐form is formed after cooling from the melt. The conditions for the production of the two forms and their melting behaviour, have been investigated by X‐rays. Oriented fibres were not obtained in either form as conversion to α‐form took place on drawing. Both forms have a ternary helical chain configuration. The derivation of the unit cells of the β‐ and γ‐forms from X‐ray photographs of unoriented specimens has been attempted and speculations have been made as to the packing of the helices in both forms. There are at least six and possibly twelve helical chains in the pseudohexagonal unit cell of the β‐form; the unit cell of the γ‐form is triclinic.
PhosphoBase, a database of phosphorylation sites: release 2.0 (1999)

PhosphoBase contains information about phosphorylated residues in proteins and data about peptide phosphorylation by a variety of protein kinases. The data are collected from literature and compiled into a common format. The current release of PhosphoBase (October 1998, version 2.0) comprises 414 phosphoprotein entries covering 1052 phosphorylatable serine, threonine and tyrosine residues. The kinetic data from peptide phosphorylation assays for approximately 330 oligopeptides is also included. The database entries are cross-referenced to the corresponding records in the Swiss-Prot protein database and literature references are linked to MedLine records. PhosphoBase is available via the WWW at http://www.cbs.dtu. dk/databases/PhosphoBase/
Preparation of hierarchically porous carbon nanofoams for electrode materials of supercapacitors (2015)

Hierarchically porous carbon nanofoams were prepared <italic>via</italic> the formation of core–shell organosilica nanoparticles and subsequent Friedel–Crafts chemistry. The specific capacitance of them as electrode materials reached 170 F g<sup>−1</sup> in an aqueous electrolyte.
Peripheral replication and latency reactivation kinetics of the non-neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 1 variant 1716 (1992)

The terminal portion of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) genome long repeat region has been shown to contain a neurovirulence gene. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 mutants deleted in this gene fail to cause central nervous system (CNS) disease in mice. The HSV-1 strain 17 variant 1716, which has a 759 bp deletion encompassing the gene, grows normally in tissue culture but fails to grow following intracerebral inoculation of mice. This paper demonstrates that 1716 is capable of peripheral replication in the footpads of mice. However, no acute replication of virus is detectable in dorsal root ganglia up to 10 days after footpad inoculation. These results imply that the replication defect in 1716 is not host-specific, but is tissue- and/or cell type-specific. Latency reactivation kinetics demonstrate that 1716 is capable of establishing a latent infection, but the kinetics of reactivation are significantly impaired compared to wild-type virus and are dose-dependent. Lack of acute ganglionic replication combined with impaired reactivation kinetics support the conclusion that a proportion of 1716 genomes initiate a lytic infection which then aborts, and a proportion enter the latent state. The results with 1716 imply that its inability to replicate in CNS and peripheral nervous system neurons is specific, and that the block in replication is beyond the stage of adsorption and entry. A prerequisite for any live attenuated HSV vaccine is an inability to initiate CNS involvement following peripheral inoculation. In this respect, 1716 has prototype vaccine potential with the proviso that a direct extrapolation is being made from mouse to man.
A Polyoxyethylene‐Substituted Bimetallic Europium Helicate for Luminescent Staining of Living Cells (2007)

The homoditopic ligand H2LC3 has been designed to form neutral triple-stranded bimetallic helicates of overall composition [Ln2(LC3)3]. The grafting of the polyoxyethylene fragments ensures water solubility and also favors cell penetration while being amenable to further derivatization. The ligand pKa values have been determined by spectrophotometric titration and range from 3.5 (sum of the first two) to 10.3. The thermodynamic stability of the helicates is large at physiological pH (logbeta23 in the range 22-23). The ligand triplet state has an adequate energy (0-phonon transition at approximately 20,800 cm(-1)) for sensitizing the luminescence of EuIII (Q=11%). Analysis of the EuIII emission spectrum points to an overall pseudo D3 symmetry for the metal environment. No significant effect of [Eu2(LC3)3] is observed on the viability of several cancerous cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, and 5D10). The cell imaging properties of the EuIII helicate are demonstrated for the HeLa cell line by luminescence microscopy. Bright EuIII emission is seen for helicate concentration>50 microM and after 20-30 min loading time. The helicate stains the cytoplasm and the permeation mechanism is likely to be endocytosis.
Produkte der Dimerisierung ungesättigter Fettsäuren X: Identifizierung von Estoliden in der Anfangsphase der Dimerisierung (1993)

Abstract Aus der Dimerfettsäurefraktion, die bei der Dimerisierung der Konjuensäure (Gemisch aus 9,11‐Octadecadiensäure und 10,12‐Octa‐decadiensäure) in Gegenwart des Katalysators Molybdänpentachlorid/Zinndichlorid erhalten wurde, ließen sich nach Veresterung mit Diazomethan 9‐ bzw. 10‐Octadecanoyloxy‐octadecansäuremethylester und 9‐bzw. 10‐Octadec‐9‐enoyloxy‐octadecansäuremethylester abtrennen und charakterisieren. Diese Estolide sind zu Stearinsäure bzw. Ölsäure sowie 9‐ und 10‐Octadecansäure verseifbar. Somit können solche Estolide mit Hilfe einer Esterverseifung eindeutig nachgewiesen werden. Analoge Estolide konnten in der frühen Phase der tonerdekatalysierten Dimerisierung von Ölsäure sowie von Linolsäure nachgewiesen werden. Die Entstehung von Estoliden weist darauf hin, daß sich bei niederen Dimersierungstemperaturen zunächst Hydroxyfettsäuren bilden, die in Folge mit ungesättigten Fettsäuren verestert werden. In den Endprodukten der Dimerisierung fehlen Estolide, da ihre Bildung bei höheren Temperaturen zurückgedrängt wird.
Radar-based detection and identification for miniature air vehicles (2011)

It is claimed that Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) used for civilian/public domain applications will be dominant in the near future. Compared to UAVs used by the military, civilian UAVs are often operated by pilots without formal training, and hence they require increased levels of autonomy and intelligence, especially with regard to reducing threats to public safety. UAV integration into the National Air Space will require that the UAVs support multiple, complementary sense-and-avoid mechanisms, including detection and identification of other UAV-sized targets. Currently, the majority of available sensors are based on infrared detectors, focal plane arrays, optical and ultrasonic rangefinders. These sensors are generally not able to detect or identify other UAV-sized targets and, when detection is possible, considerable computational power may be required for successful identification. By contrast, this paper describes the design of a light weight, X-Band (10.5GHz) radar system for use on a small-scale (<; 25 kg) rotorcraft. The prototype radar implementation is small enough to be carried by any miniature UAV, and it is capable of differentiating other miniature rotorcraft by their doppler signature. In addition to the overall hardware and software design of the prototype system, a performance analysis of various signature matching algorithms is presented demonstrating the capabilities of the system in a laboratory setting.
High-resolution structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/TMC278 complexes: Strategic flexibility explains potency against resistance mutations (2008)

TMC278 is a diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that is highly effective in treating wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 infections in clinical trials at relatively low doses ( approximately 25-75 mg/day). We have determined the structure of wild-type HIV-1 RT complexed with TMC278 at 1.8 A resolution, using an RT crystal form engineered by systematic RT mutagenesis. This high-resolution structure reveals that the cyanovinyl group of TMC278 is positioned in a hydrophobic tunnel connecting the NNRTI-binding pocket to the nucleic acid-binding cleft. The crystal structures of TMC278 in complexes with the double mutant K103N/Y181C (2.1 A) and L100I/K103N HIV-1 RTs (2.9 A) demonstrated that TMC278 adapts to bind mutant RTs. In the K103N/Y181C RT/TMC278 structure, loss of the aromatic ring interaction caused by the Y181C mutation is counterbalanced by interactions between the cyanovinyl group of TMC278 and the aromatic side chain of Y183, which is facilitated by an approximately 1.5 A shift of the conserved Y(183)MDD motif. In the L100I/K103N RT/TMC278 structure, the binding mode of TMC278 is significantly altered so that the drug conforms to changes in the binding pocket primarily caused by the L100I mutation. The flexible binding pocket acts as a molecular "shrink wrap" that makes a shape complementary to the optimized TMC278 in wild-type and drug-resistant forms of HIV-1 RT. The crystal structures provide a better understanding of how the flexibility of an inhibitor can compensate for drug-resistance mutations.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF OZONE A Critical Review (1989)

Health and pollution control professionals and the general public need to develop a more complete understanding of the health effects of ozone (O3) because: 1) we have been unable to significantly reduce ambient O3 levels using current strategies and controls; 2) in areas occupied by more than half of the U.S. population, current peak ambient O3 concentrations are sufficient to elicit measurable transient changes in lung function, respiratory symptoms, and airway inflammation in healthy people engaged in normal outdoor exercise and recreational activities; 3) the effects of O3 on transient functional changes are sometimes greatly potentiated by the presence of other environmental variables; and 4) cumulative structural damage occurs in rats and monkeys exposed repetitively to O3 at levels within currently occurring ambient peaks, and initial evidence from dosimetry models and interspecies comparisons indicate that humans are likely to be more sensitive to O3 than rats. The extent and significance of these effects, and the multibillion dollar costs of ambient O3 controls need to be considered in any future revisions of ambient standards and the Clean Air Act. The transient effects of O3 are more closely related to cumulative daily exposure than to one hour peak concentrations, and future revisions of the ambient standard for O3 should take this into account. The effects of long-term chronic exposure to O3 remain poorly defined, but recent epidemiologic and animal inhalation studies suggest that current ambient levels are sufficient to cause premature aging of the lungs. More research is needed to determine the need for a standard with a seasonal or annual average concentration limit.
Coherent transient continuous optical processor (1994)

After the absorption profile of an inhomogeneously broadened solid is programmed by two temporally modulated pulses (at least one encoded with a pattern), it can be gated to fix the ground-state spectral population distribution permanently. The subsequent illumination of the solid by an uninterrupted, temporally modulated optical beam results in a coherent transient output signal that represents the correlation of the signal with the stored pattern. Multiple patterns can be stored at different locations on the sample and accessed randomly, enabling fast reprogramming of the processor. A performance analysis of this optical signal processor predicts that real-time continuous processing is possible with a processor bandwidth that exceeds 5 GHz, a time-bandwidth product that exceeds 10(4), and a pattern storage density that exceeds 10(5) patterns per square centimeter.
Production of long chain alcohols and alkanes upon coexpression of an acyl-ACP reductase and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase with a bacterial type-I fatty acid synthase in E. coli (2015)

Microbial long chain alcohols and alkanes are renewable biofuels that could one day replace petroleum-derived fuels. Here we report a novel pathway for high efficiency production of these products in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3). We first identified the acyl-ACP reductase/aldehyde deformylase combinations with the highest activity in this strain. Next, we used catalase coexpression to remove toxic byproducts and increase the overall titer. Finally, by introducing the type-I fatty acid synthase from Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, we were able to bypass host regulatory mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis that have thus far hampered efforts to optimize the yield of acyl-ACP-derived products in BL21(DE3). When all these engineering strategies were combined with subsequent optimization of fermentation conditions, we were able to achieve a final titer around 100 mg L(-1) long chain alcohol/alkane products including a 57 mg L(-1) titer of pentadecane, the highest titer reported in E. coli BL21(DE3) to date. The expression of prokaryotic type-I fatty acid synthases offer a unique strategy to produce fatty acid-derived products in E. coli that does not rely exclusively on the endogenous type-II fatty acid synthase system.
Template-Induced and Molecular Recognition Directed Hierarchical Generation of Supramolecular Assemblies from Molecular Strands (2000)

The linear oligo-isophthalamide strand 1 undergoes a conformational reorganization upon binding of a cyanuric acid template as effector to afford a helical disklike object possessing radially disposed alkyl residues. Solvophobic and stacking interactions, in turn, drive a "second level" self-assembly of the templated structure, the stacking of the helical disks, to yield fibers as revealed by electron microscopy. These data provide insight into the interplay of the different structural and interactional features of the molecular components towards the formation of supramolecular fibers through sequential hierarchical self-assembly events and suggest design strategies for the effector-controlled generation of related supramolecular assemblies.
SHORT NOTICES (1996)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access God and Freedom. Essays in Historical and Systematic Theology. Edited by COLIN E. GUNTON. for the Research Institute in Systematic Theology, King's College,London. Pp. vi + 137. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995. ISBN 0 567 09725 0. £16.95. MAURICE WILES MAURICE WILES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 47, Issue 1, April 1996, Pages 431-a–431, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/47.1.431-a Published: 01 April 1996
A Single Mutation at PB1 Residue 319 Dramatically Increases the Safety of PR8 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Murine Model without Compromising Vaccine Efficacy (2015)

The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is preferentially recommended for use in most children yet remains unsafe for the groups most at risk. Here we have improved the safety of a mouse-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine containing the same attenuating amino acid mutations as in human LAIV by adding an additional mutation at PB1 residue 319. This results in a vaccine with a 20-fold decrease in protective efficacy and a 10,000-fold increase in safety.
Digital Angiography Of The Heart In The Frequency Domain (1984)

Digital angiography is widely considered simply as a method in which images taken at different times are subtracted from each other. This paper presents some techniques which are performed in the frequency domain after the application of the Fourier Transform. Nonselective bypass angiograms and intravenous ventriculograms are taken as examples to show that simple procedures utilizing these techniques exhibit the advantages of improved signal to noise ratio in the subtraction images, reduction of motion artefacts, easy application of phase-synchronous subtraction, integration and quantitative visualization of blood propagation.