gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catheter-Based Dilation of the Sinus Ostia: Initial Safety and Feasibility Analysis in a Cadaver Model (2006)

This initial study suggests that catheter technology can be used to dilate sinus ostia safely. Mucosal preservation and ease of use make catheters an attractive minimally invasive treatment strategy. Additional testing in patients is indicated to gain additional safety information and to explore the usefulness of catheter-based technology.
Photolithographically Patterned Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) via UV-Initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylates (2006)

Patterned surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is achieved by combining ultraviolet-initiated graft polymerization (UV-GP) and photolithography. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) patterns were grafted onto PDMS with micrometer-scale feature edge resolution. The morphology and chemical composition of the grafted layers were assessed by optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and XPS imaging. AFM section analyses demonstrated the deposition of 33 +/- 1 and 62 +/- 8 nm thick patterned films of PAA and PMAA, respectively. Spatially resolved C 1s XPS provided images of carboxylic acid functionalities, verifying the patterned deposition of acrylate films on PDMS. These observations demonstrate the general usefulness of UV-GP and photolithography for micropatterning.
초등학교 조직의 관료화 문제에 관한 분석 (1995)

본 연구는 문헌 분석을 통하여 관료제 조직의 일반적 특징을 살펴보고, 초등학교 조직의 특성 및 관료화에 따른 문제를 분석함으로써 초등학교 조직 관료화의 역기능 극복 방안을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구에서 논의된 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 조직의 관료화 성향은 증가하고 있다. 둘째, 초등학교 조직의 관료화에 따른 역기능은 ① 변화와 혁신의 저해, 목표 환치, ③ 자율 행위의 제한, ④ 의사 소통의 폐쇄성, ⑤ 통제 강화 등으로 나타나고있다. 셋째, 관료화의 역기능을 극복하기 위해서는 무엇보다 초등학교 조직의 자율성을 확보하기 위한 노력이 계속되어야 한다.
Interleukin‐31 induces cytokine and chemokine production from human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathways: implications for the allergic response (2007)

Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a novel T-helper-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that plays an important role in allergic skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis. It has recently been implicated in bronchial inflammation. We investigated the functions and mechanisms of IL-31-induced activation of human bronchial epithelial cells. The gene and protein expressions of candidate cytokines/chemokines from IL-31-stimulated human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were first quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The activity of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in IL-31-stimulated BEAS-2B cells was assessed by Western blot. The IL-31 could significantly elevate the gene and protein expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) of BEAS-2B cells in both time-dependently and dose-dependently. Combination of IL-31 with either IL-4 or IL-13 further enhanced VEGF and CCL2 production while IL-31 could synergistically augment the release of EGF, VEGF, CCL2, IL-6 and IL-8 in cocultures of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils. In addition, IL-31 could activate p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of BEAS-2B cells. Selective inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580), ERK (PD98059), and JNK (SP600125) could differentially inhibit the production of EGF, VEGF and CCL2, thereby suggesting a role for MAPKs in IL-31 functions. In conclusion, the activation of MAPKs can be crucial for IL-31-mediated activation of bronchial epithelial cells, thereby providing an immunological role for IL-31 in bronchial inflammation, at least partly, via epithelial EGF, VEGF and CCL2 production.
Malaria Vaccines: Back to the Future? (2005)

The malaria parasite kills several million people each year, many of them young children in sub-Saharan Africa. A forty-year effort to develop either a subunit or attenuated whole-organism vaccine has met with little success. However, as Andy Waters and colleagues discuss in their
 Perspective, a new study in mice using genetically attenuated sporozoites of a rodent malaria parasite has yielded a promising protective response in vaccinated animals. The Perspective authors discuss the possibility of developing a human malaria vaccine based on this strategy.
A second gene for the African green monkey poliovirus receptor that has no putative N-glycosylation site in the functional N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain (1992)

Using cDNA of the human poliovirus receptor (PVR) as a probe, two types of cDNA clones of the monkey homologs were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from an African green monkey kidney cell line. Either type of cDNA clone rendered mouse L cells permissive for poliovirus infection. Homologies of the amino acid sequences deduced from these cDNA sequences with that of human PVR were 90.2 and 86.4%, respectively. These two monkey PVRs were found to be encoded in two different loci of the genome. Evolutionary analysis suggested that duplication of the PVR gene in the monkey genome had occurred after the species differentiation between humans and monkeys. The NH2-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain, domain 1, of the second monkey PVR, which lacks a putative N-glycosylation site, mediated poliovirus infection. In addition, a human PVR mutant without N-glycosylation sites in domain 1 also promoted viral infection. These results suggest that domain 1 of the monkey receptor also harbors the binding site for poliovirus and that sugar moieties possibly attached to this domain of human PVR are dispensable for the virus-receptor interaction.
Explicit hypoxia targeting with tumor suppression by creating an “obligate” anaerobic Salmonella Typhimurium strain (2012)

Using bacteria as therapeutic agents against solid tumors is emerging as an area of great potential in the treatment of cancer. Obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria have been shown to infiltrate the hypoxic regions of solid tumors, thereby reducing their growth rate or causing regression. However, a major challenge for bacterial therapy of cancer with facultative anaerobes is avoiding damage to normal tissues. Consequently the virulence of bacteria must be adequately attenuated for therapeutic use. By placing an essential gene under a hypoxia conditioned promoter, SalmonellaTyphimurium strain SL7207 was engineered to survive only in anaerobic conditions (strain YB1) without otherwise affecting its functions. In breast tumor bearing nude mice, YB1 grew within the tumor, retarding its growth, while being rapidly eliminated from normal tissues. YB1 provides a safe bacterial vector for anti-tumor therapies without compromising the other functions or tumor fitness of the bacterium as attenuation methods normally do.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Bordetella avium 41-Kilodalton Surface Protein and Characterization of the Hemagglutinin (1994)

Production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to Bordetella avium surface proteins led to further characterization of the hemagglutinin. Proteins obtained by homogenization of whole-cell B. avium were used to immunize mice for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot techniques were used to determine the specificity of three MAbs, which all recognized the B. avium 41-kilodalton (kd) surface protein. In addition, all of the MAbs inhibited hemagglutination (HA) of guinea pig erythrocytes by B. avium. The 41-kd protein recognized by the MAbs was observed by the indirect immunofluorescence test and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to bind to guinea pig erythrocytes. When HA-positive isolates of B. avium were treated with periodic acid, which cleaves carbohydrates from proteins, the isolates became HA-negative. Likewise, treatment of HA-positive B. avium isolates with proteinase K, which would also remove carbohydrates associated with proteins on the surface of the bacterium, inhibited HA. Considering these data, we suggest that the B. avium hemagglutinin is a carbohydrate closely associated with the 41-kd surface protein.
Identification of a novel member of the TGF-beta superfamily highly expressed in human placenta (1997)

While conducting a gene discovery effort targeted to transcripts of the prevalent and intermediate frequency classes in placenta throughout gestation, we identified a novel member of the TGF-beta superfamily that is expressed at high levels in human placenta. Hence, we named this factor 'Placental Transforming Growth Factor Beta' (PTGFB). The full-length sequence of the 1.2-kb PTGFB mRNA has the potential of encoding a putative pre-pro-PTGFB protein of 295 amino acids and a putative mature PTGFB protein of 112 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments of PTGFB and representative members of all TGF-beta subfamilies evidenced a number of conserved residues, including the seven cysteines that are almost invariant in all members of the TGF-beta superfamily. The single-copy PTGFB gene was shown to be composed of only two exons of 309 bp and 891 bp, separated by a 2.9-kb intron. The gene was localized to chromosome 19p12-13.1 by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Northern analyses revealed a complex tissue-specific pattern of expression and a second transcript of 1.9 kb that is predominant in adult skeletal muscle. Most importantly, the 1.2-kb PTGFB transcript was shown to be expressed in placenta at much higher levels than in any other human fetal or adult tissue surveyed.
Near-Field Two-Photon-Induced Photoluminescence from Single Gold Nanorods and Imaging of Plasmon Modes (2005)

We investigated the two-photon-induced photoluminescence properties of single gold nanorods by scanning near-field spectroscopy. The process was found to be initiated by a sequential one-photon absorption for creating a pair of an electron and a hole in the sp and d bands. Photoluminescence is then radiated when the electron near the Fermi surface recombines with the hole near the X and L symmetry points. The polarization characteristics of emitted photons from the X and L regions were found to be different. These characteristics can be understood by the crystalline structure and the band structure of the gold nanorod. We found characteristic spatial oscillatory features along the long axis of the nanorods in photoluminescence excitation images. The images were well reproduced by density-of-states maps of the nanorods calculated with Green's dyadic method and were attributed to the spatial characteristics of the wave functions of the plasmon modes inside the nanorods.
A multithreaded PowerPC processor for commercial servers (2000)

This paper describes the microarchitecture of the RS64 IV, a multithreaded PowerPC® processor, and its memory system. Because this processor is used only in IBM iSeries™ and pSeries™ commercial servers, it is optimized solely for commercial server workloads. Increasing miss rates because of trends in commercial server applications and increasing latency of cache misses because of rapidly increasing clock frequency are having a compounding effect on the portion of execution time that is wasted on cache misses. As a result, several optimizations are included in the processor design to address this problem. The most significant of these is the use of coarse-grained multithreading to enable the processor to perform useful instructions during cache misses. This provides a significant throughput increase while adding less than 5% to the chip area and having very little impact on cycle time. When compared with other performance-improvement techniques, multithreading yields an excell ent ratio of performance gain to implementation cost. Second, the miss rate of the L2 cache is reduced by making it four-way associative. Third, the latency of cache-to-cache movement of data is minimized. Fourth, the size of the L1 caches is relatively large. In addition to addressing cache misses, pipeline “holes” caused by branches are minimized with large instruction buffers, large L1 I-cache fetch bandwidth, and optimized resolution of the branch direction. In part, the branches are resolved quickly because of the short but efficient pipeline. To minimize pipeline holes due to data dependencies, the L1 D-cache access is optimized to yield a one-cycle load-to-use penalty.
Statistical thermodynamics of protein folding: sequence dependence (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStatistical thermodynamics of protein folding: sequence dependenceMing-Hong Hao and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 39, 9882–9893Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100090a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100090a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mutational analysis of the human nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 (1996)

The human DNA repair protein ERCC1 resides in a complex together with the ERCC4, ERCC11 and XP-F correcting activities, thought to perform the 5' strand incision during nucleotide excision repair (NER). Its yeast counterpart, RAD1-RAD10, has an additional engagement in a mitotic recombination pathway, probably required for repair of DNA cross-links. Mutational analysis revealed that the poorly conserved N-terminal 91 amino acids of ERCC1 are dispensable for both repair functions, in contrast to a deletion of only four residues from the C-terminus. A database search revealed a strongly conserved motif in this C-terminus sharing sequence homology with many DNA break processing proteins, indicating that this part is primarily required for the presumed structure-specific endonuclease activity of ERCC1. Most missense mutations in the central region give rise to an unstable protein (complex). Accordingly, we found that free ERCC1 is very rapidly degraded, suggesting that protein-protein interactions provide stability. Survival experiments show that the removal of cross-links requires less ERCC1 than UV repair. This suggests that the ERCC1-dependent step in cross-link repair occurs outside the context of NER and provides an explanation for the phenotype of the human repair syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum group F.
Enhanced expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in mouse cells cotransfected with synthetic polynucleotides able to form Z-DNA. (1986)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the left-handed, Z-DNA conformation is favored in polymers containing alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences that can exist in vivo and may play a role in gene expression. On the basis of this assumption, we have studied the effect of various cotransfected polynucleotides on the transient expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in thymidine kinase-deficient murine L cells. Cotransfections were performed by calcium phosphate coprecipitation of CAT gene plasmids with various polymers, and the CAT enzymatic activity was measured in cell lysates after 48 hr. About 2- to 10-fold stimulation of CAT gene expression was observed when the cells were cotransfected with 10 micrograms (per 10-cm culture dish) of plasmid pSV2cat, which contains simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter and enhancer sequences, and 2-10 micrograms of polymers that can form Z-DNA, such as poly(dG-m5dC) X poly(dG-m5dC) or poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC), as compared to transfection with pSV2cat alone. Further, enhanced CAT gene expression was also observed when cotransfections were performed with these polymers and two other plasmid vectors, one containing the SV40 promoter but no enhancer and the other lacking any SV40 regulatory sequences. However, poly(dA-dC) X poly(dG-dT), which can form Z-DNA, did not induce any stimulation. Similarly, no or very little stimulation was observed after cotransfection of pSV2cat with either poly(dG) X poly(dC) or poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT), which do not adopt the Z conformation. These results suggest that certain polynucleotides may enhance transcription of the CAT gene.
Inhibition of lung serine proteases in mice: a potentially new approach to control influenza infection (2011)

Multiple serine protease activities might be implicated in mediating influenza infection. Blocking influenza A virus infection in cultured lung epithelia and in mice by the used serine protease inhibitors may provide an alternative approach for treatment of influenza infection.
Differential expression of CD44 variants among meningioma subtypes (1996)

Aims/background-CD44 is a widely distributed cell surface molecule which has numerous isoforms generated by alternative splicing. The diverse functions related to the CD44 variants (CD44v) have been reported in various physiological and pathological conditions. The pattern of expression of CD44v among meningioma subtypes was investigated to ascertain whether CD44 variants play a role in a variety of biological processes, such as epithelial differentiation and extracranial metastasis.Methods-Twenty three meningiomas were studied immunohistochemically using novel antibodies directed against CD44 isoforms. Six of the 23 samples were analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by Southern blotting with CD44v specific probes.Results-In meningothelial, fibrous and anaplastic meningiomas, a standard form of CD44 was detected by RT-PCR and was homogeneously expressed in tumour cells when studied immunohistochemically. CD44v was not detected in these subtypes. In secretory meningiomas, however, CD44v isoforms were strongly expressed in the cell clusters that produce secretory granules and also accumulated in the granules. The population of tumour cells immunopositive for CD44v was similar to that which stained with antibodies directed against carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen and ezrin. On RT-PCR with Southern blotting, only the secretory type showed high level expression of CD44v.Conclusions-CD44v in meningiomas is expressed in relation to tumour cell differentiation towards the epithelial type.
Ultrasensitive System for Electrophysiology of Cancer Cell Populations: A Review (2019)

Bioelectricity is the electrical activity produced by living organisms. Understanding the role of bioelectricity in a disease context is important as it contributes to both disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Electrophysiology tools work well for neuronal cultures; however, they are limited in their ability to detect the electrical activity of non-neuronal cells, wherein the majority of cancers arise. Electronic structures capable of detecting and modulating signaling, in real-time, in electrically quiescent cells are urgently required. One of the limitations to understanding the role of bioelectricity in cancer is the inability to detect low-level signals. In this study, we review our latest advances in devising bidirectional transducers with large electrode areas and concomitant low impedances. The resulting high sensitivity is demonstrated by the extracellular detection of electrical activity in Rat-C6 glioma and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell populations. By using specific inhibitors, we further demonstrated that the large electrical activity in Rat-C6 glioma populations is acidosis driven. For PC-3 cells, the use of a calcium inhibitor together with the slowly varying nature of the signal suggests that Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels are involved in the cohort electrogenicity.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension (2005)

We show that 1 of the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ligands, BMP4, is widely expressed in the adult mouse lung and is upregulated in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, heterozygous null Bmp4(lacZ/+) mice are protected from the development of hypoxia-induced PH, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular remodeling. This is associated with a reduction in hypoxia-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and Id1 expression in the pulmonary vasculature. In addition, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells secrete BMP4 in response to hypoxia and promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in a BMP4-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that BMP4 plays a dominant role in regulating BMP signaling in the hypoxic pulmonary vasculature and suggest that endothelium-derived BMP4 plays a direct, paracrine role in promoting smooth muscle proliferation and remodeling in hypoxic PH.
IF GPS signal simulator development and verification (2004)

A software-based intermediate frequency (IF) GPS signal simulator for the L I C/A code signal is developed and verified in this thesis. The signal simulator is implemented in MATLAB with some key functions coded in C to accelerate speed of operation. A mathematical signal model is developed that expresses the digitized IF GPS signal as a function of various errors during propagation, such as satellite clock error, ionosphere error, and troposphere error; and user defined parameters, such as date and GPS time, user trajectory, expected C/No, noise density, intermediate frequency, sampling rate, front-end bandwidth, and quantization bit. The simulator is verified by comparing the simulated signal with the hardware-collected IF GPS signal in the time, frequency, correlation and position domains. Partially for the simulator verification purpose, a software GPS receiver was developed and verified, which was used to process the simulated signal to get the pseudorange and carrier phase measurements. The signal acquisition and tracking techniques originally studied and verified in this thesis were used for the first generation software receiver developed by the PLAN group of the Department of Geomatics Engineering. The receiver consists of the following modules: signal acquisition, signal tracking, bit synchronization, sub-frame synchronization and the navigation solution. It is verified by using a set of real GPS signal measurements collected by a commercial hardware frontend and comparing the tracking results and navigation solution with the corresponding results of a hardware GPS receiver.