gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LPCNET: Improving Neural Speech Synthesis through Linear Prediction (2019)

Neural speech synthesis models have recently demonstrated the ability to synthesize high quality speech for text-to-speech and compression applications. These new models often require powerful GPUs to achieve real-time operation, so being able to reduce their complexity would open the way for many new applications. We propose LPCNet, a WaveRNN variant that combines linear prediction with recurrent neural networks to significantly improve the efficiency of speech synthesis. We demonstrate that LPCNet can achieve significantly higher quality than WaveRNN for the same network size and that high quality LPCNet speech synthesis is achievable with a complexity under 3 GFLOPS. This makes it easier to deploy neural synthesis applications on lower-power devices, such as embedded systems and mobile phones.
Hydrocarbon detection for Ordovician carbonate reservoir using amplitude variation with offset and spectral decomposition (2016)

Abstract We have developed an example of hydrocarbon detection for an Ordovician cavern carbonate reservoir in western China with a burial depth exceeding 6600 m using amplitude variation with offset (AVO) and spectral decomposition. We selected six production wells, three prolific oil wells, and three brine wells to test the hydrocarbon detection method. The three oil wells have been producing for more than three years, and the three water wells only produce brine. We performed spectral decomposition to the angle gathers and analyzed amplitude variation patterns with incidence angles for different spectral components. Specifically, we compared the time corresponding to the peak spectral amplitude for different spectral components for the oil- and brine-saturated carbonate reservoirs. The main findings are as follows: (1) Oil-saturated cavern carbonate reservoirs show decreasing peak time with increasing frequency; i.e., the high-frequency components travel faster than do the low-frequency components. The maximum time difference between the 10 and 50 Hz spectral components could reach 35 ms. In contrast, the brine-saturated carbonate reservoirs do not exhibit conspicuous variation in the peak time, (2) AVO attributes extracted from the low-frequency spectral gathers are more robust than those extracted from the original seismic gathers, (3) oil-saturated cavern carbonate reservoirs cause strong energies in the low-frequency spectral components and severe attenuation to the high-frequency spectral components at large incidence angles. In contrast, the brine-saturated carbonate reservoirs do not produce such phenomenon. Rock physics analysis for carbonate reservoirs under different saturation conditions was conducted. The synthetic gathers were generated for carbonate reservoirs under oil- and brine-saturated conditions. The spectrally decomposed synthetic gathers are in agreement with the real gathers. The results indicate that AVO analysis of spectrally decomposed prestack gathers could be used as an effective hydrocarbon detection method for carbonate reservoirs.
Development of Multigene and Regulated Lentivirus Vectors (2000)

Previously we described safe and efficient three-component human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based gene transfer systems for delivery of genes into nondividing cells (H. Mochizuki, J. P. Schwartz, K. Tanaka, R. O. Brady, and J. Reiser, J. Virol. 72:8873-8883, 1998). To apply such vectors in anti-HIV gene therapy strategies and to express multiple proteins in single target cells, we have engineered HIV-1 vectors for the concurrent expression of multiple transgenes. Single-gene vectors, bicistronic vectors, and multigene vectors expressing up to three exogenous genes under the control of two or three different transcriptional units, placed within the viral gag-pol coding region and/or the viral nef and env genes, were designed. The genes encoding the enhanced version of green fluorescent protein (EGFP), mouse heat-stable antigen (HSA), and bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase were used as models whose expression was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, fluorescence microscopy, and G418 selection. Coexpression of these reporter genes in contact-inhibited primary human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) persisted for at least 6 weeks in culture. Coexpression of the HSA and EGFP reporter genes was also achieved following cotransduction of target cells using two separate lentivirus vectors encoding HSA and EGFP, respectively. For the regulated expression of transgenes, tetracycline (Tet)-regulatable lentivirus vectors encoding the reverse Tet transactivator (rtTA) and EGFP controlled by a Tet-responsive element (TRE) were constructed. A binary HIV-1-based vector system consisting of a lentivirus encoding rtTA and a second lentivirus harboring a TRE driving the EGFP reporter gene was also designed. Doxycycline-modulated expression of the EGFP transgene was confirmed in transduced primary HSFs. These versatile vectors can potentially be used in a wide range of gene therapy applications.
Subtype-Selective N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-(Heteroarylalkynyl)-4-benzylpiperidines (2000)

4-[4-(4-Benzylpiperidin-1-yl)but-1-ynyl]phenol (8) and 4-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-1-ynyl]phenol (9) are potent NR1a/2B receptor antagonists (IC50 values 0.17 and 0.10 μM, respectively). Administered intraperitoneally, they both potentiated the activity of l-DOPA in the unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned (6-OHDA) rat, a model of Parkinson's disease. However, compound 9 was not active orally, likely due to rapid first-pass metabolism of the phenol moiety. The phenol was replaced by several bicyclic heterocyclic systems containing an NH group to function as a H-bond donor in the hope that these would be less likely to undergo rapid metabolism. In general, indoles, indazoles, benzotriazoles, indolones, and isatins gave analogues with weaker NR1a/2B activity than the parent phenols, while benzimidazolones and benzimidazolinones gave equipotent or more potent analogues. The preference for a para arrangement between the H-bond donor and the linking acetylene moiety was confirmed, and a propyne link was preferred over a butyne link. Substitution on the benzyl group or a 4-hydroxyl group on the piperidine had little effect on NR1a/2B potency; however, 4-hydroxypiperidines demonstrated slightly improved selectivity for NR1a/2B receptors versus α-1 adrenergic and dopamine D2 receptor affinity. From this study, 5-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-1-ynyl]-1,3-dihydrobenzoimidazol-2-one (46b) was identified as a very potent, selective NR1a/2B receptor antagonist (IC50 value 0.0053 μM). After oral administration at 10 and 30 mg/kg, 46b potentiated the effects of l-DOPA in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat and seemed to have improved oral bioavailability but lower brain penetration compared to phenol 9.
Major receptor-binding and neutralization determinants are located within the same domain of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (coronavirus) spike protein (1994)

The spike glycoprotein (S) of coronavirus, the major target for virus-neutralizing antibodies, is assumed to mediate the attachment of virions to the host cell. A 26-kilodalton fragment proteolytically cleaved from transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) S protein was previously shown to bear two adjacent antigenic sites, A and B, both defined by high-titer neutralizing antibodies. Recombinant baculoviruses expressing C-terminal truncations of the 26-kilodalton region were used to localize functionally important determinants in the S protein primary structure. Two overlapping 223- and 150-amino-acid-long products with serine 506 as a common N terminus expressed all of the site A and B epitopes and induced virus-binding antibodies. Coexpression of one of these truncated protein S derivatives with aminopeptidase N (APN), a cell surface molecule acting as a receptor for TGEV, led to the formation of a complex which could be immunoprecipitated by anti-S antibodies. These data provide evidence that major neutralization-mediating and receptor-binding determinants reside together within a domain of the S protein which behaves like an independent module. In spite of their ability to prevent S-APN interaction, the neutralizing antibodies appeared to recognize a preformed complex, thus indicating that antibody- and receptor-binding determinants should be essentially distinct. Together these findings bring new insight into the molecular mechanism of TGEV neutralization.
Down-weighting overlapping genes improves gene set analysis (2012)

PADOG significantly improves gene set ranking and boosts sensitivity of analysis using information already available in the gene expression profiles and the collection of gene sets to be analyzed. The advantages of PADOG over other existing approaches are shown to be stable to changes in the database of gene sets to be analyzed. PADOG was implemented as an R package available at: http://bioinformaticsprb.med.wayne.edu/PADOG/or http://www.bioconductor.org.
In situ expression of the cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence of immunologic activation of vascular endothelial cells. (1993)

Our study suggested that increased expression of the adhesion molecules in IBD promotes the recruitment of granulocytes and lymphocytes through blood vessels and the cell interaction between lymphocytes-antigen presenting cells or among lymphocytes, thereby sustaining the immuno-inflammatory process in IBD. The present study emphasizes the importance of microenvironmental changes including the endothelial activation in the immuno-inflammatory changes.
Opposing Effects of n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Pancreatic Cancer Growth (2008)

Our studies provide evidence that n-3 PUFAs possess antitumor activities, whereas n-6 PUFAs stimulate pancreatic tumor growth. The opposite effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are mediated by the formation of different prostaglandin species. n-3 PUFAs may prove beneficial as monotherapy or combination therapy with standard chemotherapeutic agents in pancreatic cancer patients.
Dicamba Resistance: Enlarging and Preserving Biotechnology-Based Weed Management Strategies (2007)

The advent of biotechnology-derived, herbicide-resistant crops has revolutionized farming practices in many countries. Facile, highly effective, environmentally sound, and profitable weed control methods have been rapidly adopted by crop producers who value the benefits associated with biotechnology-derived weed management traits. But a rapid rise in the populations of several troublesome weeds that are tolerant or resistant to herbicides currently used in conjunction with herbicide-resistant crops may signify that the useful lifetime of these economically important weed management traits will be cut short. We describe the development of soybean and other broadleaf plant species resistant to dicamba, a widely used, inexpensive, and environmentally safe herbicide. The dicamba resistance technology will augment current herbicide resistance technologies and extend their effective lifetime. Attributes of both nuclear- and chloroplast-encoded dicamba resistance genes that affect the potency and expected durability of the herbicide resistance trait are examined.
A 3-/spl mu/m CMOS Digital Codec with Programmable Echo Cancellation and Gain Setting (1985)

A 3-/spl mu/m CMOS digital signal processor (DSP) performs speech signal shaping, programmable echo cancellation and gain setting functions for telephone applications. A/D and D/A conversions are performed by making use of /spl Sigma//Spl Delta/ modulators, decimator, and interpolator filter blocks. In addition, the DSP acts as a control interface between the subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) and the line card controller, the denouncing of eight line status bits included.
Characterization of the Human p53 Gene (1986)

Cosmid and lambda clones containing the human p53 gene were isolated and characterized in detail. The gene is 20 kilobases (kb) long and has 11 exons, the first and second exons being separated by an intron of 10 kb. Restriction fragments upstream of sequences known to be within the first identified exon were tested for promoter activity by cloning them in front of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and transfecting the resulting constructs into HeLa cells. A 0.35-kb DNA fragment was identified that had promoter activity. Results of primer extension experiments indicated that the mRNA cap site falls within this fragment, as expected. Analysis of the sequence upstream of the presumptive cap site indicated that the human p53 promoter may be of an unusual type.
HapCUT: an efficient and accurate algorithm for the haplotype assembly problem (2008)

A program implementing HapCUT is available on request.
Einleitung (1993)

Unsere Volkswirtschaft ist gekennzeichnet von zunehmender Konzentration1) und Verflechtung. Eine von Ordelheide für das Jahr 1983 durchgeführte Stichprobenuntersuchung vermag dies zu belegen: Nach dieser Studie waren von den 210 betrachteten Aktiengesellschaften (Gesamtzahl der in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1983 tätigen Aktiengesellschaften: 2109) 75,7% mehrheitlich an anderen Gesellschaften beteiligt und/oder es waren mehrheitlich andere Gesellschaften an ihnen beteiligt. Das Grundkapital der beteiligten Gesellschaften und der Beteiligungsgesellschaften umfaßte 93% des Grundkapitals aller Aktiengesellschaften. Aus den genannten Zahlen geht hervor, daß Aktiengesellschaften heute kaum noch als unverbundene Unternehmen auftreten.2)
Repopulation of laser‐perforated chondroepiphyseal matrix with xenogeneic chondrocytes: An experimental model (1996)

Growth of chondrocytes into a xenogeneic chondroepiphyseal matrix was investigated in an in vitro experimental model by combining viable calf chondrocytes with chick epiphyseal matrix devoid of viable chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were harvested from the wrist joints of newborn calves and cultured for 2 days. The epiphyses were harvested from the distal femurs and the proximal tibias of fetal chicks after development was arrested at 17 days by freezing. The epiphyseal specimens were prepared in four ways. These included femoral and tibial epiphyses without holes and femoral and tibial epiphyses with holes made by a laser. These epiphyseal specimens were co-cultured with calf chondrocytes for various periods. After digestion of the epiphyseal matrix, viable chondrocytes were counted in suspension. Chondrocyte division in the matrix was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. The growth of calf chondrocytes into the xenogeneic chick matrix was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy on fresh thick epiphyseal sections. The percentage of viable chondrocytes in the xenogeneic epiphyseal matrix increased with culture time to a maximum at day 21. The addition of laser-drilled holes was found to extend a plateau of chondrocyte viability until day 29. A decrease in cell viability was detected at later observation points. This study demonstrates that xenogeneic matrix may serve as a morphogenetic scaffold for chondrocytic growth.
Suppression of δPKC Activation after Focal Cerebral Ischemia Contributes to the Protective Effect of Hypothermia (2007)

Mild hypothermia is a robust neuroprotective treatment for stroke. Understanding the mechanisms underlying hypothermia's benefits will lead to more effective treatments to prevent stroke damage. Delta protein kinase C (deltaPKC) is a kinase that has been strongly implicated in executing ischemic damage. We investigated the effects of hypothermia on deltaPKC activation, as determined by its subcellular translocation, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation in a focal cerebral ischemia model. The amount of constitutively activated C-terminal catalytic fragment of deltaPKC (CF-deltaPKC) increased after stroke. Both hypothermia (30 degrees C) and the caspase-3-specific inhibitor, Z-DQMD-FMK, blocked the accumulation of activated deltaPKC in the penumbra. Other hallmarks of deltaPKC activation, its translocation to the mitochondria, and nucleus were observed in the penumbra as early as 10 mins after reperfusion. These events were blocked by hypothermia. Hypothermia also blocked CF-deltaPKC increases in the mitochondria and nuclei. Conversely, a specific deltaPKC activator, psideltaRACK, decreased the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia. Finally, deltaPKC activity may lead to mitochondrial injury and cytochrome c release, as the timing of cytochrome c release corresponded to the time course of deltaPKC translocation. Both cytochrome c release and deltaPKC translocation were blocked by hypothermia. In conclusion, hypothermia protects against ischemic damage in part by suppressing deltaPKC activation after stroke.
Nanocavity in a silicon waveguide for ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection (2004)

We demonstrate the use of a micron-size planar silicon photonic device for the detection of ultralow concentrations of metal nanoparticles. The high detection sensitivity is achieved by using a strong light confining structure that enhances the effective extinction cross section of metal nanoparticles. We demonstrate the detection of 10nm diameter gold particles with a density of fewer than 1.25 particles per 0.04μm2. Using such a device one could detect the presence of single metal nanoparticles specifically bound to various analytes, enabling ultrasensitive detection of analytes including DNA, RNA, proteins, and antigens.
GMP-140 mediates adhesion of stimulated platelets to neutrophils (1990)

In vivo, platelets associate with neutrophils at sites of hemorrhage or inflammation. In vitro, stimulated platelets bind to neutrophils in a Ca2(+)-dependent manner. GMP-140, an integral membrane glycoprotein found in secretory granules of platelets and endothelium, is rapidly translocated to the cell surface after cellular activation. It shares sequence similarity with two leukocyte adhesion molecules, ELAM-1 and a lymphocyte homing receptor. We have recently shown that neutrophils bind to purified GMP-140 in a Ca2(+)-dependent fashion, and that GMP- 140 participates in adhesion of neutrophils to activated endothelium. In this study we demonstrate that GMP-140 also mediates adhesion of neutrophils to stimulated platelets. Fixed thrombin-activated human platelets, but not unstimulated platelets, formed rosettes around neutrophils in the presence of Ca2+. The binding of platelets to neutrophils was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to GMP-140 and by purified GMP-140. By promoting close cell-cell contact, GMP-140 may recruit both platelets and neutrophils to sites of tissue injury as well as modulate the function of each cell type by the other.
Evolution of the Electronic Band Structure and Efficient Photo-Detection in Atomic Layers of InSe (2014)

Atomic layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently been the focus of extensive research. This follows from the footsteps of graphene, which has shown great potential for ultrathin optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the synthesis, characterization, and thin film photodetector application of atomic layers of InSe. Correlation between resonance Raman spectroscopy and photoconductivity measurements allows us to systematically track the evolution of the electronic band structure of 2D InSe as its thickness approaches few atomic layers. Analysis of photoconductivity spectra suggests that few-layered InSe has an indirect band gap of 1.4 eV, which is 200 meV higher than bulk InSe due to the suppressed interlayer electron orbital coupling. Temperature-dependent photocurrent measurements reveal that the suppressed interlayer interaction also results in more localized pz-like orbitals, and these orbitals couple strongly with the in-plane E' and E″ phonons. Finally, we measured a strong photoresponse of 34.7 mA/W and fast response time of 488 μs for a few layered InSe, suggesting that it is a good material for thin film optoelectronic applications.
Ganciclovir treatment of herpes simplex thymidine kinase-transduced primary T lymphocytes: an approach for specific in vivo donor T-cell depletion after bone marrow transplantation? (1994)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is associated with a severe complication--graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although effectively preventing GVHD, ex vivo T-lymphocyte marrow depletion unfortunately increases graft rejection and reduces the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. The ex vivo transfer of the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HS-tk) suicide gene into T cells before their infusion with hematopoietic stem cells could allow for selective in vivo depletion of these T cells with ganciclovir (GCV) if subsequent GVHD was to occur. Thus, one could preserve the beneficial effects of the T cells on engraftment and tumor control in patients not experiencing severe GVHD. To obtain T cells specifically depleted by GCV, we transduced primary T cells with a retroviral vector containing the HS-tk and neomycin resistance (NeoR) genes. Gene transfer was performed by coculturing PHA +/- CD3- or alloantigen-stimulated purified T cells on an irradiated retroviral vector producer cell line or by incubating the T cells in supernatant from the producer. Subsequent culture in G418 for 1 week allowed for the selection of transduced cells. GCV treatment of interleukin-2-responding transduced and selected cells resulted in greater than 80% growth inhibition, whereas GCV treatment of control cells had no effect. Similarly, the allogeneic reactivity of HS-tk-transduced cells was specifically inhibited by GCV. Combining transduced and nontransduced T cells did not show a bystander effect, thus implying that all of the cells inhibited by GCV were indeed transduced. Lastly, studies involving the transduction of the HUT-78 (T-lymphoma) cell line suggest that stable expression of HS-tk can be maintained over 3 months in vitro in the absence of G418. In summary, we have established the feasibility of generating HS-tk-transduced T cells for subsequent in vivo transfer with hematopoietic stem cells and, if GVHD occurs, specific in vivo GCV-induced T-cell depletion in allogeneic BMT recipients.
SSH: secure login connections over the internet (1996)

SSH provides secure login, file transfer, X11, and TCP/IP connections over an untrusted network. It uses cryptographic authentication, automatic session encryption, and integrity protection for transferred data. RSA is used for key exchange and authentication, and symmetric algorithms (e.g., IDEA or threekey triple-DES) for encrypting transferred data. SSH is intended as a replacement for the existing rsh, rlogin, rcp, rdist, and telnet protocols. SSH is currently (March 1996) being used at thousands of sites in at least 50 countries. Its users include top universities, research laboratories, many major corporations, and numerous smaller companies and individuals. The SSH protocol can also be used as a generic transport layer encryption mechanism, providing both host authentication and user authentication, together with privacy and integrity protection. 1 Introduction The Internet has become the most economical means for communication between two remote sites. Its uses include commun...