gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of YAP, TAZ and HSP90 in Contact Guidance and Intercellular Junction Formation in Corneal Epithelial Cells (2014)

The extracellular environment possesses a rich milieu of biophysical and biochemical signaling cues that are simultaneously integrated by cells and influence cellular phenotype. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1; TAZ), two important signaling molecules of the Hippo pathway, have been recently implicated as nuclear relays of cytoskeletal changes mediated by substratum rigidity and topography. These proteins intersect with other important intracellular signaling pathways (e.g. Wnt and TGFβ). In the cornea, epithelial cells adhere to the stroma through a 3-dimensional topography-rich basement membrane, with features in the nano-submicron size-scale that are capable of profoundly modulating a wide range of fundamental cell behaviors. The influences of substratum-topography, YAP/TAZ knockdown, and HSP90 inhibition on cell morphology, YAP/TAZ localization, and the expression of TGFβ2 and CTGF, were investigated. The results demonstrate (a) that knockdown of TAZ enhances contact guidance in a YAP dependent manner, (b) that CTGF is predominantly regulated by YAP and not TAZ, and (c) that TGFβ2 is regulated by both YAP and TAZ in these cells. Additionally, inhibition of HSP90 resulted in nuclear localization and subsequent transcriptional-activation of YAP, formation of cell-cell junctions and co-localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin at adherens junctions. Results presented in this study reflect the complexities underlying the molecular relationships between the cytoskeleton, growth factors, heat shock proteins, and co-activators of transcription that impact mechanotransduction. The data reveal the importance of YAP/TAZ on the cell behaviors, and gene and protein expression.
Plasma-promoted deposition of thin inorganic films (1979)

Thin-film deposition utilizing low-pressure CVD promoted by a glow discharge has graduated in recent years from laboratory to production scale in the microelectronics, optics, and solar-energy fields. We review its present status, emphasizing the complexity of phenomena in the discharge and the consequent empirical nature of process control. In addition to the nature of the glow discharge plasma, we discuss physical and chemical characteristics of films which have been made to date; the equipment used on a commercial scale, with recommended features, and comments on operating problems, safety, and maintenance; and the influences of the many machine and operating parameters, with examples from experience with plasma silicon nitride, probably the most common use of plasma deposition today.
Identification of a third region of cell-specific alternative splicing in human fibronectin mRNA. (1987)

We describe here a third region of variability in human fibronectin (FN) due to alternative RNA splicing. Two other positions of alternative splicing have been reported previously (ED and IIICS). The third region involves a 273-nucleotide exon encoding exactly one 91-amino acid repeat of type III homology, located between the DNA- and the cell-binding domains of FN, which is either included in or excluded from FN mRNA. The two mRNA variants arising by an exon-skipping mechanism are present in cells known to synthesize the cellular form of FN. However, liver cells, which are the source of plasma FN, produce only messengers without the extra type III sequence. Therefore, the region described here resembles, both structurally and functionally, the previously described ED (for extra domain) region, located toward the C terminus of the molecule, between the cell- and heparin- (hep 2) binding domains. We conclude that both the extra type III repeat (named EDII) and ED represent sequences restricted to cellular FN. Combination of all the possible patterns of splicing in the three regions described to date may generate up to 20 distinct FN polypeptides from a single gene.
A novel calmodulin antagonist, CGS 9343B, modulates calcium-dependent changes in neurite outgrowth and growth cone movements (1991)

The neurotransmitter 5-HT alters growth cone motility and neurite elongation in neuron B19, isolated from the buccal ganglion of Helisoma trivolvis (Haydon et al., 1984). The effects of 5-HT are mediated by increases in intracellular calcium levels within the growth cones (Cohan et al., 1987). 5-HT causes a receptor-mediated depolarization of the membrane, which results in the opening of voltage-sensitive calcium channels. The resulting calcium influx decreases both the elongation rate and the total outgrowth of neurites. However, the mechanism(s) mediating these calcium-dependent changes is unclear. As many of the intracellular effects of calcium in eukaryotic cells are mediated by the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, we tested the involvement of such an interaction in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. In these experiments, a new, potent calmodulin antagonist with increased selectivity, CGS 9343B (CGS; Norman et al., 1987), was used to inhibit calmodulin activity during the application of 5-HT to neuron B19. The addition of 100 microM 5-HT to the culture medium resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of neurite elongation and total neurite outgrowth. Administration of CGS to the culture medium at a concentration (1.8 microM) equivalent to its IC50 for calmodulin inhibition completely blocked the inhibitory effects of 100 microM 5-HT, on both neurite elongation and total neurite outgrowth. CGS alone caused a slight decrease in elongation rate but had no significant effect on total outgrowth. CGS did not block 5-HT-induced electrical activity, indicating that it was not acting as a 5-HT receptor antagonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biochemical Characteristics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 Show Unexpected Difference to Other MBLs (2013)

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) is a new metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) that has recently emerged as a global threat because it confers bacteria with resistance to almost all clinically used β-lactam antibiotics. To determine the molecular basis of this threat, NDM-1 was purified from Escherichia coli TransB (DE3) carrying cloned blaNDM-1 gene by an anion-exchange chromatography step followed by a gel permeation chromatography step. The purified enzyme was stable even in extremely alkaline buffer (pH 11) and reached its highest activity at a low temperature (15°C), which was different from other MBLs. The 50% inhibition concentration of EDTA against NDM-1 was 412 nM, which showed that NDM-1 was more susceptible to EDTA than other MBLs. The effects of zinc on NDM-1 differed between cephem and carbapenem complexes, but inhibition at high Zn(2+) concentration was observed for all of tested β-lactam compounds.
Visualizing environmental data for program decision support (1991)

The McClellan Air Force Base Installation Restoration Program (IRP), which is responsible for identifying and remedying environmental contamination from past operation and disposal practices, is considered. Since 1979, the IRP has generated over 200 volumes of technical reports regarding the degree and extent of contamination at the base. The base is in the process of automating the storage, retrieval, and analysis of the technical data generated by the cleanup program. The requirements for the IRP technical information system are discussed, the development approach taken is presented, visualization results from the system prototype are illustrated, and future plans for development of the system are outlined. >
Iodine(V) Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 3. New Routes to Heterocyclic Compounds via o-Iodoxybenzoic Acid-Mediated Cyclizations:  Generality, Scope, and Mechanism (2002)

The discovery and development of the o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) reaction with certain unsaturated N-aryl amides (anilides) to form heterocycles are described. The application of the method to the synthesis of delta-lactams, cyclic urethanes, hydroxy amines, and amino sugars among other important building blocks and intermediates is detailed. In addition to the generality and scope of this cyclization reaction, this article describes a number of mechanistic investigations suggesting a single electron transfer from the anilide functionality to IBX and implicating a radical-based mechanism for the reaction.
Butyrophilin Is Expressed in Mammary Epithelial Cells from a Single-sized Messenger RNA as a Type I Membrane Glycoprotein (1998)

We investigated the expression of butyrophilin in eukaryotic cells with a view to determining the number of mRNA species, the incorporation of the peptide chain into microsomes, and the topology of the processed protein in biological membranes. Butyrophilin is synthesized from a single sized mRNA in both bovine and murine lactating mammary tissue and associates with microsomal membranes with a type I topology (Nexo.Ccyto) via a single hydrophobic anchor in the middle of the sequence. Several isoelectric variants of the protein were detected in cellular membranes from lactating bovine mammary tissue and in the milk-fat-globule membrane. We found no evidence for soluble forms of butyrophilin in postmicrosomal supernatants. The 66-kDa protein appears to be subjected to limited proteolysis, giving rise to a 62-kDa fragment lacking the C terminus and to other more minor fragments of lower Mr in the milk-fat-globule membrane. Antipeptide antibodies to epitopes within the N- and C-terminal domains were used to show that butyrophilin retains a type I topology in plasma membranes when expressed in insect cells from a baculovirus vector, and in secreted milk-fat globules. These data do not agree with previous suggestions that butyrophilin may exist in cytoplasmic soluble forms, or be reorganized in the plane of the lipid bilayer during secretion in lipid droplets from mammary cells. The results are discussed with reference to the role butyrophilin may play as the principal scaffold for the assembly of a complex with xanthine oxidase and other proteins that functions in the budding and release of milk-fat globules from the apical surface during lactation.
FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells control the generation of functional CD8 memory (2012)

During the primary immune response, CD8 memory emerges from an environment of strong immune activation. The FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T-cell subset (Treg) is known as a key suppressive component of the immune system. Here we report that Tregs are required for the generation of functional CD8 memory. In the absence of Tregs during priming, the resulting memory cells proliferate poorly and fail to differentiate into functional cytotoxic secondary effectors following antigen reactivation. We find that the Tregs act early, during the expansion phase of primary CD8 effectors, by fine tuning interleukin-2 exposure of CD8 memory precursors. This crucial new role of Tregs has implications for optimal vaccine development. The role of CD4+ T cells in the generation of memory CD8+ T cells is not fully understood. In this study, the exposure of CD8 memory precursors to interleukin-2 during early antigen priming is shown to be controlled by FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+T cells, resulting in the production of functional memory cells.
Novel and Stress-Regulated MicroRNAs and Other Small RNAs from Arabidopsis[W] (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have recently emerged as important regulators of mRNA degradation, translational repression, and chromatin modification. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 43 miRNAs comprising 15 families have been reported thus far. In an attempt to identify novel and abiotic stress regulated miRNAs and siRNAs, we constructed a library of small RNAs from Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to dehydration, salinity, or cold stress or to the plant stress hormone abscisic acid. Sequencing of the library and subsequent analysis revealed 26 new miRNAs from 34 loci, forming 15 new families. Two of the new miRNAs from three loci are members of previously reported miR171 and miR319 families. Some of the miRNAs are preferentially expressed in specific tissues, and several are either upregulated or downregulated by abiotic stresses. Ten of the miRNAs are highly conserved in other plant species. Fifty-one potential targets with diverse function were predicted for the newly identified miRNAs based on sequence complementarity. In addition to miRNAs, we identified 102 other novel endogenous small RNAs in Arabidopsis. These findings suggest that a large number of miRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs are encoded by the Arabidopsis genome and that some of them may play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses as well as in development and genome maintenance.
Fluid Flow-Assisted Dielectrophoretic Assembly of Nanowires (2007)

The dielectrophoretic assembly of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires in a microfluidic flow is shown to enhance the orientation and deposition yield of nanowires. The fluid flow delivers and orients the nanowires in the vicinity of a gap, and they are attracted and deposited by a dielectrophoretic force. Depending upon their lengths, the nanowires are selectively attracted to the gap because the dielectrophoretic force is largest when the lengths are comparable to the gap size. Precise control over the fluid flow and dielectrophoresis shows various interesting phenomena such as landing, shifting, and uniform spacing of nanowires during the assembly process. As a result, the precise control enables the selective positioning of nanowires only at the gap where the fluid direction is consistent with the electric field orientation.
The Early Clinical Features of Dengue in Adults: Challenges for Early Clinical Diagnosis (2011)

Early clinical diagnosis based on previously defined symptoms that are associated with dengue, even when used in the schematics of both the WHO 1997 and 2009 classifications, is difficult in older adults.
A New Species of Trissolcus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Parasitizing Eggs of Halyomorpha Halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in China with Comments on its Biology (2009)

Abstract A new species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Trissolcus halyomorphae Yang, sp. nov., is described from China. It is a solitary parasitoid in eggs of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an economic pest that causes severe damage to pear, apple and other fruit and that also feeds on the leaves and stems of ornamental and forest trees. The new species is the principal natural enemy of the stink bug, with parasitism rates up to 70% and an average annual rate of 50%. Because of its high parasitism rates and other biological features, it has good potential as a biocontrol agent of the pest. Type specimens are deposited in Insect Museum, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.
Folic Acid Reverts Dysfunction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (2000)

Abstract —5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF), the active form of folic acid, has been reported to restore NO status in hypercholesterolemic patients. The mechanism of this effect remains to be established. We assessed the effects of L- and D-MTHF on tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 )–free and partially BH 4 -repleted endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Superoxide production of eNOS and the rate constants for trapping of superoxide by MTHF were determined with electron paramagnetic resonance using 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline- N -oxide (DEPMPO) as spin trap for superoxide. NO production was measured with [ 3 H]arginine–citrulline conversion or nitrite assay. The rate constants for scavenging of superoxide by L- and D-MTHF were similar, 1.4×10 4 ms –1 . In BH 4 -free eNOS, L- and D-MTHF have no effect on enzymatic activity. In contrast, in partially BH 4 -repleted eNOS, we observe a 2-fold effect of MTHF on the enzymatic activity. First, superoxide production is reduced. Second, NO production is enhanced. In cultured endothelial cells, a similar enhancement of NO production is induced by MTHF. In the present study, we show direct effects of MTHF on the enzymatic activity of NO synthase both in recombinant eNOS as well as in cultured endothelial cells, which provides a plausible explanation for the previously reported positive effects of MTHF on NO status in vivo.
Bradycardia during sleep apnea. Characteristics and mechanism. (1982)

To determine the characteristics of and mechanisms causing the bradycardia during sleep apnea (SA), both patients with SA and normals were studied. Evaluation of six consecutive SA patients demonstrated that bradycardia occurred during 95% of all apneas (central, obstructive, and mixed) and became marked with increased apnea length (P less than 0.01) and increased oxyhemoglobin desaturation (P less than 0.01). Heart rate slowed 9.5 beats per minute (bpm) during apneas of 10-19 s in duration, 11.4 bpm during 20-39s apneas, and 16.6 bpm during 40-59-s apneas. Sleep stage had no effect unexplained by apnea length or degree of desaturation. Oxygen administration to four SA patients completely prevented the bradycardia although apneas lengthened (P less than 0.05) in three. Sleeping normal subjects did not develop bradycardia during hypoxic hyperpnea but, instead, HR increased with hypoxia in all sleep stages, although the increase in HR was not as great as that which occurred while awake. Breath holding in awake normals did not result in bradycardia during hyperoxia (SaO2 = 99%), but was consistently (P less than 0.01) associated with heart rate slowing during room air breath-holds (-6 bpm) at SaO2 = 93%, with more striking slowing (-20 bpm) during hypoxic breath-holds (P less than 0.01) at SaO2 = 78%. Breath holding during hyperoxic hypercapnia had no significant effect on rate. Breath holding in awake SA subjects demonstrated similar findings. We conclude that the bradycardia of SA is a consistent feature of apnea and results from the combined effect of cessation of breathing plus hypoxemia.
Fluoride Domestic Water and Periodontal Disease (1957)

Fluoride Domestic Water and Periodontal Disease A. L. Russell CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.47.6.688 Published Online: August 29, 2011
GNSS Signal Reliability Testing in Urban and Indoor Environments (2004)

The availability of two GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), GPS and Galileo, will offer in future new possibilities to provide integrity and reliability information to the user both at signal and user levels due to increased redundancy. User-level reliability monitoring schemes, namely Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM), consist of statistically testing least- squares residuals of the observations on an epoch-by- epoch basis aiming towards reliable navigation fault detection and exclusion (FDE). Classic RAIM and FDE techniques are based on only GPS characteristics, so in this paper, methods will be discussed also suitable for a combined GPS/Galileo system with the focus on personal location in degraded signal environments. This paper concentrates on analyzing different navigation quality and reliability assessment procedures based on testing the GNSS least-squares residuals on an epoch-by- epoch basis. The focus will be on reliability testing schemes for degraded GNSS signals in urban conditions in order to obtain an acceptable position estimate, and analyzing the urban GNSS navigation accuracy conditions. The reliability testing schemes for integrated GPS/Galileo to be discussed include applying a global test for detecting an inconsistent location situation, a local test for localizing and eliminating measurement errors recursively and, in addition, certain measurement subset testing. The proposed FDE schemes are examined with simulated GPS/Galileo data and real-life urban GPS tests. Furthermore, some external reliability measures, Mean Radial Spherical Error and Distance Root Mean Squared estimates approximating the effect measurement errors have on the accuracy will be analyzed. This paper will provide an insight into user-level integrity and reliability monitoring and FDE schemes eligible for a future GNSS system particularly for degraded signal environments, where the conventional assumption of normally distributed errors does not necessarily hold. The aim is to improve solution reliability and provide additional accuracy information to the user in terms of approximated position error estimates.
High‐frequency dominant depression of peripheral vagal control of heart rate in rats with chronic heart failure (2012)

Changes in the dynamic characteristics of the peripheral vagal control of HR may contribute to the manifestation of decreased HF components of HR variability observed in CHF.
Cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics, companion handbook (1998)

Presents thorough coverage of the indications, contraindications, dosage, side effects, pharmacokinetics and adverse reactions for all cardiovascular drugs. A clinical distillation of Dr. Frishman and Sonnenblick's comprehensive text, this handbook features abundant tables and charts that summarize important clinical choices. Rationales for therapeutic strategies are provided along with considerations of managing patients on multi-drug regimens.
Triggering of cellulase biosynthesis by cellulose in Trichoderma reesei. Involvement of a constitutive, sophorose-inducible, glucose-inhibited beta-diglucoside permease. (1993)

We prepared [U-14C]cellobiose by cultivating Acetobacter pasteurianus in the presence of [U-14C]glucose and hydrolyzing the [U-14C]cellulose formed with beta-glucosidase-free cellulase from Trichoderma reesei. This 14C-labeled cellobiose was used to investigate the presence of an uptake system for cellobiose in T. reesei. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a high affinity (Km for cellobiose 0.3 microM) but low activity (2.5 milliunits/mg fungal dry weight) cellobiose permease. The permease is formed constitutively, but higher levels are formed after addition of sophorose (glucosyl-beta-1,2-diglucoside), a reputed cellulase inducer. The permease appears to be specific for beta-diglucosides, as the uptake of [U-14C]cellobiose is inhibited by sophorose, gentiobiose (glucosyl-beta-1,3-glucoside), and cellobiose. Under these conditions, cellooligodextrines (n, 4-7; final concentration, 1 mM) are not inhibitors. Glucose, but no other monosaccharides, inhibits the permease. The hypersecretory mutant T. reesei RUT C-30 exhibits elevated permease activities, whereas in T. reesei QM 9979, a mutant strain defective in the induction of cellulases by cellulose or sophorose, strongly reduced permease activities were demonstrated. The results stress a hitherto not recognized point of control in the induction of cellulases by T. reesei at the level of uptake of cellulose oligosaccharides.
Right Atrial Thrombus and Superior Vena Cava Syndrome in a Child (1984)

Complications of central venous catheterization are well described. They include right atrial thrombosis and superior vena cava syndrome resulting from impaired venous drainage. Such complications are normally observed while the catheter is in place. They are often transient, resolving upon catheter removal. A patient with recurrent signs of superior vena caval obstruction 1 1/2 years after removal of the central venous catheter is described. The obstruction was determined to be intermittent and functionally related to elevated cardiac output due, in turn, to anemia. This patient was also found to have a calcific right atrial thrombus which was not obstructive.