gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adoptive Transfer of Anti-CD3–Activated CD4+ T Cells Plus Cyclophosphamide and Liposome-Encapsulated Interleukin-2 Cure Murine MC-38 and 3LL Tumors and Establish Tumor-Specific Immunity (1997)

The infusion of anti-CD3-activated murine T cells plus interleukin-2 (IL-2) exerts antitumor effects against several tumors in murine immunotherapy models. This study compares the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD3-activated CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell subsets, when given with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and liposome-encapsulated IL-2 (L-IL2) in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice bearing subcutaneous (S.C.) MC-38 colon adenocarcinoma, 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma, or 38C13 lymphoma for 7 to 14 days were pretreated with low-dose intraperitoneal (I.P.) Cy before intravenous (I.V.) injection of anti-CD3-activated T cells or T-cell subsets. Cell administration was followed by I.P. administration of L-IL2 for 5 days. Mice receiving activated CD4+ T cells showed significantly reduced tumor growth or complete remissions with prolonged disease-free survival in MC-38, 3LL, and 38C13. The timing of Cy doses in relation to adoptive transfer was critical in obtaining the optimal antitumor effect by CD4+ cells. Injecting Cy 4 days before the infusion of CD4+ cells greatly enhanced the antitumor effect of the CD4+ cells and improved survival of the mice compared with other Cy regimens. C57BL/6 mice cured of MC-38 after treatment with CD4+ T cells developed tumor-type immunologic memory as demonstrated by their ability to reject rechallenges with MC-38, but not 3LL. Similarly, mice cured of 3LL tumors rejected rechallenges of 3LL, but not MC-38. The immunologic memory could be transferred with an I.V. injection of splenocytes from mice cured of MC-38 or 3LL. No cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity was detected in T cells or T-cell subsets from mice cured of MC-38 or 3LL. Increased IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production was observed from CD4+ subsets in cured animals when stimulated in vitro with the original tumor, but not with an unrelated syngeneic tumor. These results suggest that tumor-specific immunity can be achieved in vivo with anti-CD3-stimulated CD4+ T cells in this cellular therapy model.
Fundamental Limitations of Small Antennas (1947)

A capacitor or inductor operating as a small antenna is theoretically capable of intercepting a certain amount of power, independent of its size, on the assumption of tuning without circuit loss. The practical efficiency relative to this ideal is limited by the "radiation power factor" of the antenna as compared with the power factor and bandwidth of the antenna tuning. The radiation power factor of either kind of antenna is somewhat greater than (1/6π) (Ab/l <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) in which Ab is the cylindrical volume occupied by the antenna, and l is the radianlength (defined as 1/2π wavelength) at the operating frequency. The efficiency is further limited by the closeness of coupling of the antenna with its tuner. Other simple formulas are given for the more fundamental properties of small antennas and their behavior in a simple circuit. Examples for 1-Mc. operation in typical circuits indicate a loss of about 35 db for the I.R.E. standard capacitive antenna, 43 db for a large loop occupying a volume of 1 meter square by 0.5 meter axial length, and 64 db for a loop of 1/5 these dimensions.
Diversity of Gut Microbiota Metabolic Pathways in 10 Pairs of Chinese Infant Twins (2016)

Early colonization of gut microbiota in human gut is a complex process. It remains unclear when gut microbiota colonization occurs and how it proceeds. In order to study gut microbiota composition in human early life, the present study recruited 10 healthy pairs of twins, including five monozygotic (MZ) and five dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, whose age ranged from 0 to 6 years old. 20 fecal samples from these twins were processed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and their averaged data outputs were generated as 2G per sample. We used MEGAN5 to perform taxonomic and functional annotation of the metagenomic data, and systematically analyzed those 20 samples, including Jaccard index similarity, principle component, clustering, and correlation analyses. Our findings indicated that within our study group: 1) MZ-twins share more microbes than DZ twins or non-twin pairs, 2) gut microbiota distribution is relatively stable at metabolic pathways level, 3) age represents the strongest factor that can account for variation in gut microbiota, and 4) a clear metabolic pathway shift can be observed, which speculatively occurs around the age of 1 year old. This research will serve as a base for future studies of gut microbiota-related disease research.
A novel sensitive assay for functional factor XII based on the generation of kallikrein-C1-inhibitor complexes in factor XII-deficient plasma by glass-bound factor XII. (1992)

We developed a very sensitive assay for functional factor XII. This assay is based on the property of glass-bound factor XII to activate prekallikrein (PK) into kallikrein in factor XII-deficient plasma, which is assessed by measuring the formation of kallikrein-C1-inhibitor complexes in this plasma by radioimmunoassay. Incubation of varying amounts of factor XII in glass tubes led to a dose-dependent increase in kallikrein-C1-inhibitor complexes in factor XII-deficient plasma with a lower limit of detection of +/- 20 pg of factor XII. The specificity of the assay for factor XII was demonstrated by experiments with plasmas deficient for factor XII, PK or high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and by incubation of factor XII with Polybrene or with a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the amidolytic and procoagulant activity of factor XII. The high sensitivity of the assay appeared to be due to the inability of C1-inhibitor to inhibit factor XII bound to glass, which resulted in a molar ratio of generated kallikrein to glass-bound factor XII of at least 100:1. This assay for factor XII may be a feasible tool in studies on structural and functional aspects of (recombinant) factor XII species synthesized by cultured cells.
Properties and regulation of the cell cycle-specific NIMA protein kinase of Aspergillus nidulans. (1993)

NIMA is the protein product of the nimA gene of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, required for progression of cells from G2 into mitosis. The protein kinase activity of NIMA, assayed by phosphorylation of beta-casein, varies during the nuclear division cycle, reaching a maximum in late G2 and M. To investigate the biochemical properties of this cell cycle-regulated protein kinase, we have expressed nimA cDNA that encodes full-length NIMA in Escherichia coli as a fusion product with glutathione S-transferase. Purified NIMA phosphorylated beta-casein, with a Km of 38 microM and Vmax of 156 nmol/min/mg. NIMA also demonstrated a Km of 69 microM for ATP. Both recombinant and cellular NIMA kinases behaved as oligomers on gel filtration chromatography, and their kinase activities were strongly inhibited by various salts. By using both protein and peptide substrates, NIMA demonstrated a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase activity. Cellular NIMA exists as a phosphoprotein, and bacterially expressed NIMA was also phosphorylated on multiple serine/threonine residues. Some of these phosphorylations appeared essential for NIMA activity as the enzyme could be dephosphorylated and inactivated in vitro by protein serine/threonine phosphatases. Use of a kinase-negative mutant of NIMA revealed that the NIMA enzyme undergoes autophosphorylation when expressed at high concentrations in bacteria. Taken together, these data suggest that cellular mechanisms may exist to regulate the phosphorylation state and activity of the NIMA protein kinase during the nuclear division cycle in A. nidulans.
Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum -Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the CTX-M Era: A New Clinical Challenge (2006)

ESBL-producing E. coli is a significant cause of bloodstream infection in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients in the context of the emergence of CTX-M enzymes. Empirical treatment of sepsis potentially caused by E. coli may need to be reconsidered in areas where such ESBL-producing isolates are present.
Life extension in Drosophila by feeding a drug (2002)

We report that feeding Drosophila throughout adulthood with 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) can significantly increase lifespan, without diminution of locomotor vigor, resistance to stress, or reproductive ability. Treatment for a limited period, either early or late in adult life, is also effective. Flies fed PBA show a global increase in histone acetylation as well as a dramatically altered pattern of gene expression, including induction or repression of numerous genes. The delay in aging may result from the altered physiological state.
Ischemic acute renal failure induces the expression of a wide range of nephrogenic proteins (2005)

Ischemia-induced acute renal failure (ARF) is a disorder with high morbidity and mortality. ARF is characterized by a regeneration phase, yet its molecular basis is still under study. Changes in gene expression have been reported in ARF, and some of these genes are specific for nephrogenic processes. We tested the hypothesis that the regeneration process developed after ischemia-induced ARF can be characterized by the reexpression of important regulatory proteins of kidney development. The distribution pattern and levels of nephrogenic proteins in rat kidneys after ischemia were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. Ischemic damage was assessed by conventional morphology, serum creatinine, and the apoptotic markers terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase 3. The hypoxia levels induced by ischemia were assessed by specific markers: hypoxia induced factor (HIF)-1alpha and 2-pimonidazole. In kidneys with ARF, an important initial damage was observed through periodic acid Schiff staining, by the induction of damage markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and macrophages (ED-1) and by apoptosis induction. In agreement with diminishing renal damage at the initial reparation phase, the expression of the mesenchymal proteins vimentin, neural cell adhesion molecules (Ncam), and the epithelial markers, Pax-2, Noggin, and basic fibroblast growth factor was observed; after, in a second phase, the tubular markers bone morphogen protein 7, Engrailed, and Lim-1, as well as the transcription factors Smad and p-Smad, were observed. Additionally, the endothelial markers VEGF and Tie-2 were induced at the initial and middle stages of regeneration phase, respectively. The expression of these proteins was restricted in time and space, as well as spatially and temporally. Because all of these proteins are important in maintaining a functional kidney, these results suggest that during the regeneration process after induced hypoxia, these nephrogenic proteins can be reexpressed in a similar fashion to that observed during development, thus restoring mature kidney function.
Use of Aquaporins to Achieve Needed Water Purity on the International Space Station for the Extravehicular Mobility Unit Space Suit System (2012)

With the retirement of the U.S. Space Shuttle fleet, the supply of extremely high quality water required for the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit cooling on the International Space Station (ISS) will become a significant operational hardware challenge in the very near future. One proposed solution is the use of a filtration system consisting of a semipermeable membrane embedded with aquaporin proteins, a special class of transmembrane proteins that facilitate passive, selective transport of water in vivo. The specificity of aquaporins is such that only water is allowed through the protein structure, and it is this novel property that invites their adaptation for use in water filtration systems, specifically those onboard the ISS for the EMU space suit system. These proteins are also currently being developed for use in terrestrial filtration systems.
Microwave detection of breast cancer (2000)

Breast cancer affects many women, and early detection aids in fast and effective treatment. Mammography, which is currently the most popular method of breast screening, has some limitations, and microwave imaging offers an attractive alternative. A microwave system for breast tumor detection that uses previously introduced confocal microwave imaging techniques is presented in this paper. The breast is illuminated with an ultrawide-band pulse and a synthetic scan of the focal point is used to detect tumors; however, the geometric configuration and algorithms are different from those previously used. The feasibility of using small antennas for tumor detection is investigated. Signal processing algorithms developed to mitigate the dominant reflection from the skin are described, and the effectiveness of these skin subtraction algorithms is demonstrated. Images of homogeneous and heterogeneous breast models are reconstructed with various numbers of antennas. Both the influence of antenna spacing and the suitability of simplified models for system evaluation are examined.
Two New Orthogonal Amine-Protecting Groups that can be Cleaved under Mild or Neutral Conditions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo New Orthogonal Amine-Protecting Groups that can be Cleaved under Mild or Neutral ConditionsJohn S. Debenham, Robert Madsen, Carmichael Roberts, and Bert Fraser-ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11, 3302–3303Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00116a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00116a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2357Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Establishment of Perineural Invasion Models and Analysis of Gene Expression Revealed an Invariant Chain (CD74) as a Possible Molecule Involved in Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer (2006)

This is the first report of perineural invasion models using human pancreatic cancer cell lines. In combination with gene expression profiling, it was indicated that CD74 could be a candidate molecule involved in perineural invasion. These models provide new approaches for study of perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer.
Cytokines in Heart Failure: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Potential Treatment (1999)

Recent studies have shown that patients with heart failure overexpress a class of biologically active molecules, generically referred to as pro-inflammatory cytokines. This article will review recent clinical and experimental material that suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. In addition, we will review recent studies that suggest that antagonizing cytokines may represent a novel target for heart failure therapy.
Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 11/8 Levels Decline With Age (2015)

Our study confirms an age-dependent decline in serum GDF11/8 levels in multiple mammalian species and that exogenous GDF11 rapidly activates SMAD signaling and reduces cardiomyocyte size. Unraveling the molecular basis for the age-dependent decline in GDF11/8 could yield insight into age-dependent cardiac pathologies.
Preserving privacy by de-identifying face images (2005)

In the context of sharing video surveillance data, a significant threat to privacy is face recognition software, which can automatically identify known people, such as from a database of drivers' license photos, and thereby track people regardless of suspicion. This paper introduces an algorithm to protect the privacy of individuals in video surveillance data by deidentifying faces such that many facial characteristics remain but the face cannot be reliably recognized. A trivial solution to deidentifying faces involves blacking out each face. This thwarts any possible face recognition, but because all facial details are obscured, the result is of limited use. Many ad hoc attempts, such as covering eyes, fail to thwart face recognition because of the robustness of face recognition methods. This work presents a new privacy-enabling algorithm, named k-Same, that guarantees face recognition software cannot reliably recognize deidentified faces, even though many facial details are preserved. The algorithm determines similarity between faces based on a distance metric and creates new faces by averaging image components, which may be the original image pixels (k-Same-Pixel) or eigenvectors (k-Same-Eigen). Results are presented on a standard collection of real face images with varying k.
Distinct Domains of the Influenza A Virus M2 Protein Cytoplasmic Tail Mediate Binding to the M1 Protein and Facilitate Infectious Virus Production (2006)

The cytoplasmic tail of the influenza A virus M2 protein is highly conserved among influenza A virus isolates. The cytoplasmic tail appears to be dispensable with respect to the ion channel activity associated with the protein but important for virus morphology and the production of infectious virus particles. Using reverse genetics and transcomplementation assays, we demonstrate that the M2 protein cytoplasmic tail is a crucial mediator of infectious virus production. Truncations of the M2 cytoplasmic tail result in a drastic decrease in infectious virus titers, a reduction in the amount of packaged viral RNA, a decrease in budding events, and a reduction in budding efficiency. The M1 protein binds to the M2 cytoplasmic tail, but the M1 binding site is distinct from the sequences that affect infectious virus particle formation. Influenza A virus strains A/Udorn/72 and A/WSN/33 differ in their requirements for M2 cytoplasmic tail sequences, and this requirement maps to the M1 protein. We conclude that the M2 protein is required for the formation of infectious virus particles, implicating the protein as important for influenza A virus assembly in addition to its well-documented role during virus entry and uncoating.
Oligo(phenylenevinylene)/Fullerene Photovoltaic Cells: Influence of Morphology (1999)

Photovoltaic devices based on interpenetrating blends of semiconducting oligomer and C60 are investigated in terms of performance and morphology. Devices prepared in two different ways are examined, one where oligomer deposition is followed by C60 deposition (schematically shown on the left hand side of the Figure), the other where oligomer and C60 are codeposited (see Figure, right).
A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Acetaminophen for Treatment of Migraine Headache (2010)

Acetaminophen 1000 mg, a nonprescription drug, is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for episodic and moderate migraine headache. In addition, acetaminophen generally provided a beneficial effect on associated symptoms of migraine including nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and functional disability.
Color Encoded Moire Contouring (1989)

One of the more prevalent applications of moire is contouring of parts. Some of the techniques available to generate contour data include phase shifting, fringe center mapping and frequency shifting. These techniques rely heavily on both extensive software analysis and rigorous hardware manipulation to produce different moire patterns of the same object. For example, frequency shifted moire requires that the grating frequency be changed in each of three of four successive images of the pattern. Phase shifted moire requires that the grating be changed in phase between successive images. This is done by physically moving the grating or moving it within software. In general, these techniques suffer from a lack of robustness. Taking multiple images with the hardware uses valuable time, during which the part may actually move and thereby distort the data. Any vibrations of the parts during data taking may also present a problem with extended amounts of inspection time. If the image is changed in the software, then the system can be fooled into interpreting reflectivity and illumination variations as moire pattern data. It is difficult to get a fast and accurate contour of a part in a real world environment with the present techniques available. There have, however, been advances in the video and machine vision industry that allow for the use of new tools, such as color. This paper describes work directed toward using color to improve existing contouring techniques. The goal is to develop a means to obtain a one time snapshot of the part under inspection that gives all of the necessary information required to produce a contour. This paper will address issues such as performance of color cameras, fabrication of color gratings, and use of a dichroic, multicamer&apos;d system, contrasted with a multi-grating, multi-color illumination system.