gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Glycosides from the Japanese Fern Hymenophyllum barbatum. (2002)

Thirteen glycosides and methyl (3R,5R)-5-hydroxy-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-hexanoate were newly isolated from the Japanese fern Hymenophyllum barbatum, although our previous work revealed the isolation of hemiterpene glycosides, hymenosides A-J, from the same species. The structures of the newly isolated glycosides were elucidated by extensive two-dimensional (2D) NMR and/or chemical evidence. The structures of those aglycones were divided into four types, 2-methyl-but-2-ene-1,4-diol, 2-hydroxymethyl-but-2-ene-1,4-diol, 2-methylene-butane-1,3,4-triol, and 3-hydroxy-5-hexanolide. The sugar moieties, which were acylated by phenylacetic acid derivatives, were also established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Eight glucosides of the isolated compounds in the present investigation had a bitter or weakly pungent taste. It is clear that a phenylacetyl group attached to glucose or allose as an ester is necessary for the bitter taste.
Prolonged hepatomegaly in mice that cannot inactivate bacterial endotoxin (2011)

our findings suggest that persistently active LPS induces Kupffer cells to elaborate mediators that promote the accumulation of leukocytes within enlarged sinusoids. Large increases in IL-10 and several other modulatory molecules are unable to prevent prolonged hepatomegaly in mice that cannot inactivate LPS. The striking findings in this mouse model should encourage studies to find out how AOAH contributes to human liver physiology and disease.
[Food and cancer]. (2005)

Auteur(s) :, Ambroise Martin Professeur de Nutrition, Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon I La place du cancer dans la mortalite et la mortalite totale au sein de la population francaise est importante et plusieurs ouvrages destines au grand public viennent de le rappeler. Si le vieillissement spontane de la population est une explication naturelle envisageable, elle est loin d’etre la seule : il reste vrai qu’une proportion non negligeable de cette mortalite pourrait etre evitee [...]
Restoration of visual function in P23H rhodopsin transgenic rats by gene delivery of BiP/Grp78 (2010)

The P23H mutation within the rhodopsin gene (RHO) causes rhodopsin misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to rod photoreceptor degeneration and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Grp78/BiP is an ER-localized chaperone that is induced by UPR signaling in response to ER stress. We have previously demonstrated that BiP mRNA levels are selectively reduced in animal models of ADRP arising from P23H rhodopsin expression at ages that precede photoreceptor degeneration. We have now overexpressed BiP to test the hypothesis that this chaperone promotes the trafficking of P23H rhodopsin to the cell membrane, reprograms the UPR favoring the survival of photoreceptors, blocks apoptosis, and, ultimately, preserves vision in ADRP rats. In cell culture, increasing levels of BiP had no impact on the localization of P23H rhodopsin. However, BiP overexpression alleviated ER stress by reducing levels of cleaved pATF6 protein, phosphorylated eIF2alpha and the proapoptotic protein CHOP. In P23H rats, photoreceptor levels of cleaved ATF6, pEIF2alpha, CHOP, and caspase-7 were much higher than those of wild-type rats. Subretinal delivery of AAV5 expressing BiP to transgenic rats led to reduction in CHOP and photoreceptor apoptosis and to a sustained increase in electroretinogram amplitudes. We detected complexes between BiP, caspase-12, and the BH3-only protein BiK that may contribute to the antiapoptotic activity of BiP. Thus, the preservation of photoreceptor function resulting from elevated levels of BiP is due to suppression of apoptosis rather than to a promotion of rhodopsin folding.
Behavioural neuroscience : a practical approach (1993)

Locomotor activity and exporation, A.E. Kelley rotation, S.B. Dunnett procedures to identify anxiolytic or anxiogenic agents, J.S. Andrews and C.L.E. Broekkamp behavioural testing of antidepressants - a practical pre-clinical approach to clinical problems, J.L. Evenden et al intracranial self-stimulation thresholds as a measure of reward, A. Markou and G.F. Koob intraveneous drug self-administration techniques in animals, S.B. Caine et al drug discrimination assays, A.J. Goudie and M.J. Leathley statistics for behavioural neuroscience, M. McNaughton signal detection methods, H.M. Marston et al.
The type I serine/threonine kinase receptor ActRIA (ALK2) is required for gastrulation of the mouse embryo (1999)

ActRIA (or ALK2), one of the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, can bind both activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in conjunction with the activin and BMP type II receptors, respectively. In mice, ActRIA is expressed primarily in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm before gastrulation and later in both embryonic and extraembryonic cells during gastrulation. To elucidate its function in mouse development, we disrupted the transmembrane domain of ActRIA by gene targeting. We showed that embryos homozygous for the mutation were arrested at the early gastrulation stage, displaying abnormal visceral endoderm morphology and severe disruption of mesoderm formation. To determine in which germ layer ActRIA functions during gastrulation, we performed reciprocal chimera analyses. (1) Homozygous mutant ES cells injected into wild-type blastocysts were able to contribute to all three definitive germ layers in chimeric embryos. However, a high contribution of mutant ES cells in chimeras disrupted normal development at the early somite stage. (2) Consistent with ActRIA expression in the extraembryonic cells, wild-type ES cells failed to rescue the gastrulation defect in chimeras in which the extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm were derived from homozygous mutant blastocysts. Furthermore, expression of HNF4, a key visceral endoderm-specific transcription regulatory factor, was significantly reduced in the mutant embryos. Together, our results indicate that ActRIA in extraembryonic cells plays a major role in early gastrulation, whereas ActRIA function is also required in embryonic tissues during later development in mice.
Inhibitors of Myosin Light Chain Kinase Block Synaptic Vesicle Pool Mobilization during Action Potential Firing (1999)

During repetitive action potential firing the maintenance of synaptic transmission relies on a continued supply of synaptic vesicles for fusion with the presynaptic plasma membrane. The mechanism of transport by which vesicles are delivered to the site of fusion from a reserve pool is unknown, as are the biochemical pathways linking intracellular Ca2+ elevation with vesicle mobilization. Here, using the fluorescent tracer FM1-43 in hippocampal synaptic terminals, I show that inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase can block mobilization of the reserve pool and not the immediately releasable pool.
Asp- and Glu-specific Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase 11 of Porphyromonas gingivalis Ensures Utilization of Proteinaceous Energy Sources (2011)

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis, asaccharolytic black-pigmented anaerobes, are predominant pathogens of human chronic and periapical periodontitis, respectively. They incorporate di- and tripeptides from the environment as carbon and energy sources. In the present study we cloned a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) gene of P. endodontalis ATCC 35406, designated as DPP11. The DPP11 gene encoded 717 amino acids with a molecular mass of 81,090 Da and was present as a 75-kDa form with an N terminus of Asp(22). A homology search revealed the presence of a P. gingivalis orthologue, PGN0607, that has been categorized as an isoform of authentic DPP7. P. gingivalis DPP11 was exclusively cell-associated as a truncated 60-kDa form, and the gene ablation retarded cell growth. DPP11 specifically removed dipeptides from oligopeptides with the penultimate N-terminal Asp and Glu and has a P2-position preference to hydrophobic residues. Optimum pH was 7.0, and the k(cat)/K(m) value was higher for Asp than Glu. Those activities were lost by substitution of Ser(652) in P. endodontalis and Ser(655) in P. gingivalis DPP11 to Ala, and they were consistently decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. Arg(670) is a unique amino acid completely conserved in all DPP11 members distributed in the genera Porphyromonas, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides, whereas this residue is converted to Gly in all authentic DPP7 members. Substitution analysis suggested that Arg(670) interacts with an acidic residue of the substrate. Considered to preferentially utilize acidic amino acids, DPP11 ensures efficient degradation of oligopeptide substrates in these Gram-negative anaerobic rods.
Hydrogenstorage in water-stable metal–organic frameworks incorporating 1,3- and 1,4-benzenedipyrazolate (2009)

Pyrazolate-bridged metal–organic frameworks incorporating tetrahedral Zn2+ ions are shown to exhibit a high chemical stability in boiling water, organic solvents, and acidic media, and are assessed for their hydrogen storage properties.
A closed-loop, music-based brain-computer interface for emotion mediation (2019)

Emotions play a critical role in rational and intelligent behavior; a better fundamental knowledge of them is indispensable for understanding higher order brain function. We propose a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) system to feedback a person's affective state such that a closed-loop interaction between the participant's brain responses and the musical stimuli is established. We realized this concept technically in a functional prototype of an algorithm that generates continuous and controllable patterns of synthesized affective music in real-time, which is embedded within a BCI architecture. We evaluated our concept in two separate studies. In the first study, we tested the efficacy of our music algorithm by measuring subjective affective responses from 11 participants. In a second pilot study, the algorithm was embedded in a real-time BCI architecture to investigate affective closed-loop interactions in 5 participants. Preliminary results suggested that participants were able to intentionally modulate the musical feedback by self-inducing emotions (e.g., by recalling memories), suggesting that the system was able not only to capture the listener's current affective state in real-time, but also potentially provide a tool for listeners to mediate their own emotions by interacting with music. The proposed concept offers a tool to study emotions in the loop, promising to cast a complementary light on emotion-related brain research, particularly in terms of clarifying the interactive, spatio-temporal dynamics underlying affective processing in the brain.
Practical experiences with aerobic biofilters in TMP (thermomechanical pulping), sulfite and fine paper mills in Canada (1997)

An industrial aerobic biofilter technology has been piloted extensively in Canada on several types of pulp and paper mill effluents, resulting in one full scale operational facility at one Canadian fine paper mill. In addition two industrial scale pilot plant tests were performed with the same technology, one in an integrated sulfite pulp and paper mill and one in a TMP mill. In the case of the fine paper mill, the full scale plant has two cells (8 m × 8 m × 6 m height of the media) and treats an unclarified but screened effluent with a loading of 3500 kg BOD/d. The system produces low quantities of biosludge (0.28 kg TSS/kg BOD removed), has a rapid rate of recovery after shock loadings and is very energy efficient (150 kW installed power for aeration). Pilot plant treatability studies were performed at one integrated Canadian sulfite mill using a combination of a biofilter-aerated lagoon system. The biofilter treated the most concentrated stream (sulfite pulp mill effluent) and this stream was then combined with the remaining wastewaters of the mill and polished in an aerated stabilization basin (ASB). The high quality ASB effluent (50 mg BOD/L/30 mg TSS/L) was non toxic to rainbow trout, Daphnia magna and photoluminescent bacteria. Integrated TMP mill effluents were treated in a 5 m3 aerobic biofilter filled with two types of media (10 to 20 mm and 20 to 30 mm). Under average loading conditions of 3.5 kg BOD/d.m3 media, the system produced effluents meeting regulation limits for BOD, TSS as well as for toxicity.
Depletion of phenylalanine in the blood of phenylketonuric patients using a PAL-enzyme reactor. An in vitro study. (1982)

Blood samples obtained from eight adult phenylketonuric individuals had a mean phenylalanine level of 25 mg/dl. When these samples were circulated through multitubular enzyme-reactors prepared with immobilized phenylalanine ammonia lyase an average of 77% of phenylalanine was metabolized within 30 minutes. We conclude that phenylalanine in human phenylketonuric blood is just as susceptible to metabolism by PAL-enzyme reactors as phenylalanine that is added to normal blood, or that is circulating in dogs and monkeys made hyperphenylalaninemic by experimental means.
Conditioned inhibition of fear‐potentiated startle and skin conductance in humans (2001)

Conditioned inhibition of classical conditioning was investigated with the startle reflex and the skin conductance response (SCR) in humans using a serial presentation of the conditioned inhibitor (X) and of the conditioned stimulus (CS). The unconditioned stimulus (US) was a shock. During conditioning, participants were presented with two different reinforced CS (A, B) and with X preceding A (noted X-->A). During X-->A, A was not reinforced with the US. During the summation test, B, X-->B, and Y-->B were presented (Y was a new stimulus that tested the specificity of the inhibitory properties of X). B was not reinforced during the summation test. A, B, X, and Y were lights of different colors. Participants were divided into a low and a high anxious group based on the TPQ (C.R. Cloninger, 1987). In the low anxious group, conditioned startle potentiation and SCR responses to A were inhibited when X preceded A (noted A(XA)). This differential responding to A and A(XA) emerged earlier with the SCR than with startle. During the summation test, the inhibitory properties of X did not transfer to B. In the high anxious group, there was only a differential SCR to A and A(XA). X did not inhibit startle potentiation to A.
GaN nanowire light emitting diodes based on templated and scalable nanowire growth process (2008)

GaN optoelectronic devices based on nanowires offer potential advantages that merit further investigation for applications in solid-state lighting and displays. Reported is the operation GaN nanowire, light-emitting diodes that are based on a uniform and scalable nanowire process. For light-emitting diodes consisting of approximately 300 nanowire pn homojunctions, operating in parallel, the electroluminescence intensity was found to grow superlinearly with current. For individual nanowire light-emitting diodes the forward and reverse leakage current was&lt;1 pA. The low leakage current of individual light-emitting nanowire diodes indicates that surface effects do not dominate the electrical behaviour of these LEDs.
Sensor fusion based measurement of human head motion (2002)

Present virtual reality systems often use unconstrained sensors like Polhemus Tracker. These have advantages of unconstrainedness and wider motion range, but have deficiencies of low sampling rate (/spl sim/60 Hz) and critical latency (/spl sim/100 ms). This paper proposes a method, which raises the sampling rate and compensates the latency of Polhemus on rotational motion through the "sensor fusion" of gyro sensor, and Polhemus measurements and a method of evaluating the performance of unconstrained motion sensors quantatively. The validity of the methods was confirmed by off-line computation of actual data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Correlation between leakage current density and threading dislocation density in SiGe p-i-n diodes grown on relaxed graded buffer layers (2001)

A correlation between bulk leakage current density and threading dislocation density in silicon–germanium mesa-isolated diodes fabricated on relaxed graded buffer layers is presented. Si0.75Ge0.25 p-i-n diodes were grown on SiGe graded buffers with different grading rates. Graded buffers with different grading rates yielded “virtual substrates” with varying densities of threading dislocations. Bulk leakage current densities were differentiated from surface leakage currents by using p-i-n diodes with different areas. We demonstrate that the increase in bulk leakage current density in SiGe p-i-n diodes can be modeled by generation processes assisted by deep levels related to threading dislocations.
The CRKL Adaptor Protein Transforms Fibroblasts and Functions in Transformation by the BCR-ABL Oncogene (1996)

The CRKL adaptor protein was recently identified as a substrate for the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, but its function is unknown. Here we report that CRKL is phosphorylated when overexpressed, activates RAS and JUN kinase signaling pathways, and transforms fibroblasts in a RAS-dependent fashion. We examined the potential role of CRKL in BCR-ABL function by deleting the CRKL binding site in BCR-ABL. This mutant BCR-ABL protein shows a 50% reduction in fibroblast transforming activity. The GRB2 adaptor protein has previously been implicated in this pathway, presumably linking BCR-ABL to RAS. To address the relative roles of CRKL and GRB2 in this system, we compared BCR-ABL mutants with defects in binding to one or both adaptors. Whereas each single mutant showed a 2-3-fold loss in transforming activity, the double mutant showed a 15-fold reduction, suggesting that GRB2 and CRKL both contribute to BCR-ABL transformation. These results demonstrate the oncogenic potential of CRKL and provide functional evidence that CRKL plays a role in fibroblast transformation by BCR-ABL in conjunction with other adaptor proteins.
Achieving Permanent Survival of Islet Xenografts by Independent Manipulation of Direct and Indirect T-Cell Responses (2005)

Recent success in pancreatic islet allotransplantation has raised expectations but has equally highlighted the acute shortage of donor tissue. The use of xenogeneic tissue would help to address this shortage; however, strong cellular immunity limits the application of this approach. T-cell responses to xenogeneic tissues involve recognition of intact species-mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the direct pathway, and xenogeneic proteins presented as peptides by responder-type MHC molecules, the indirect pathway. In this study, we exploited the species difference to selectively and sequentially inhibit direct and indirect xenoresponses after transplantation of porcine islets into mice. Selective inhibition of the direct response was achieved using porcine CTLA4-Ig, which binds preferentially to pig versus mouse B7 molecules. Selective inhibition of the indirect response was achieved using murine CTLA4-Ig, which binds preferentially to mouse B7 molecules. Administration of porcine CTLA4-Ig alone caused modest prolongation of islet survival. Injection of murine CTLA4-Ig alone had a minimal effect. However, the injection of the porcine fusion protein early and the murine homolog late after grafting led to permanent survival of the porcine islets, in the absence of any other immunosuppression. These results suggest that a similar approach could have clinical utility in porcine islet xenotransplantation.
Anion exchange membranes: Current status and moving forward (2013)

ABSTRACT This short review is meant to provide the reader with highlights in anion exchange membrane research, describe current needs in the field, and point out promising directions for future work. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) provide one possible route to low platinum or platinum‐free fuel cells with the potential for facile oxidation of complex fuels beyond hydrogen and methanol. AEMs and related stable cationic polymers also have applications in energy storage and other electrochemical technologies such as water electrolyzers and redox flow batteries. While anion exchange membranes have been known for a long time in water treatment applications, materials for electrochemical technology with robust mechanical properties in thin film format have only recently become more widely available. High hydroxide and bicarbonate anion conductivity have been demonstrated in a range of AEM formats, but intrinsic stability of the polymers and demonstration of long device lifetime remain major roadblocks. Novel approaches to stable materials have focused on new types of cations that employ delocalization and steric shielding of the positive center to mitigate nucleophilic attack by hydroxide. A number of promising polymer backbones and membrane architectures have been identified, but limited device testing and a lack of understanding of the degradation mechanisms in operating devices is slowing progress on engineered systems with alkaline fuel cell technology. Our objective is to spur more research in this area to develop fuel cell systems that approach the costs of inexpensive batteries for large‐scale applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1727–1735, 2013
A Phase I trial of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336: evidence for biological and clinical activity. (2000)

Farnesyl protein transferase (FT), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the posttranslational modification of ras and a number of other polypeptides, has emerged as an important target for the development of anticancer agents. SCH66336 is one of the first FT inhibitors to undergo clinical testing. We report a Phase I trial to assess the maximum tolerated dose, toxicities, and biological effectiveness of SCH66336 in inhibiting FT in vivo. Twenty patients with solid tumors received 92 courses of escalating SCH66336 doses given orally twice a day (b.i.d.) for 7 days out of every 3 weeks. Gastrointestinal toxicity (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) and fatigue were dose-limiting at 400 mg of SCH66336 b.i.d. Moderate reversible renal insufficiency, secondary to dehydration from gastrointestinal toxicity, was also seen. Inhibition of prelamin A farnesylation in buccal mucosa cells of patients treated with SCH66336 was demonstrated, confirming that SCH66336 inhibits protein farnesylation in vivo. One partial response was observed in a patient with previously treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, who remained on study for 14 months. This study not only establishes the dose for future testing on this schedule (350 mg b.i.d.) but also provides the first evidence of successful inhibition of FT in the clinical setting and the first hint of clinical activity for this class of agents.