gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Mixing in Micromixers by a Test Reaction:  Single Mixing Units and Mixer Arrays (1999)

The mixing quality of a single mixing unit and mixer arrays having various designs was characterized. A known test reaction for mixing quality had to be optimized, since a much higher sensitivity as for the characterization of macroscopic mixers was needed. This adapted test reaction allowed not only the characterization of the mixing quality but also analysis of the homogeneity of the flow distribution between parallely aligned mixing units. A comparison of the mixing quality to those of macroscopic reference systems (like mixing in stirred and unstirred vessels as well as to laminar and turbulent mixing-tees) is presented. The mixing quality−volume flow dependence revealed a complex behavior, the hydrodynamic origin of which has been analyzed.
An efficient inverse scattering algorithm for the design of nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings (1999)

Presents an efficient method for the design of complex fiber Bragg gratings. The method relies on the synthesis of the impulse response of the grating by means of a differential layer-peeling algorithm. The algorithm developed takes into account all the multiple reflections inside the grating, giving an exact solution to the inverse scattering problem. Its low algorithmic complexity enables the synthesis of long fiber gratings. The method is illustrated by designing several filters with interest for optical fiber communication systems: dispersionless bandpass filters and second- and third order dispersion compensators.
GmDREB2A;2, a Canonical DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2-Type Transcription Factor in Soybean, Is Posttranslationally Regulated and Mediates Dehydration-Responsive Element-Dependent Gene Expression (2012)

Soybean (Glycine max) is an important crop around the world. Abiotic stress conditions, such as drought and heat, adversely affect its survival, growth, and production. The DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2 (DREB2) group includes transcription factors that contribute to drought and heat stress tolerance by activating transcription through the cis-element dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in response to these stress stimuli. Two modes of regulation, transcriptional and posttranslational, are important for the activation of gene expression by DREB2A in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the regulatory system of DREB2 in soybean is not clear. We identified a new soybean DREB2 gene, GmDREB2A;2, that was highly induced not only by dehydration and heat but also by low temperature. GmDREB2A;2 exhibited a high transactivation activity via DRE and has a serine/threonine-rich region, which corresponds to a negative regulatory domain of DREB2A that is involved in its posttranslational regulation, including destabilization. Despite the partial similarity between these sequences, the activity and stability of the GmDREB2A;2 protein were enhanced by removal of the serine/threonine-rich region in both Arabidopsis and soybean protoplasts, suggestive of a conserved regulatory mechanism that involves the recognition of serine/threonine-rich sequences with a specific pattern. The heterologous expression of GmDREB2A;2 in Arabidopsis induced DRE-regulated stress-inducible genes and improved stress tolerance. However, there were variations in the growth phenotypes of the transgenic Arabidopsis, the induced genes, and their induction ratios between GmDREB2A;2 and DREB2A. Therefore, the basic function and regulatory machinery of DREB2 have been maintained between Arabidopsis and soybean, although differentiation has also occurred.
The antitumour effect of {gamma}{delta} T-cells is enhanced by valproic acid-induced up-regulation of NKG2D ligands. (2010)

Induction of NKG2D ligands by VPA increased the susceptibility of cancer cells that are recognised by NKG2D to cytolysis by γδ T-cells.
Elevated Levels of Cell-Free Circulating DNA in Patients with Acute Dengue Virus Infection (2011)

Circulating DNA levels were increased in dengue patients and correlated with dengue severity. Additional studies are required to show the benefits of this biomarker in early dengue diagnosis and for the prognosis of shock complication.
Comparison of intra- and extracellular transforming growth factors from nontransformed and chemically transformed mouse embryo cells. (1983)

Multiple transforming growth factors (TGFs) have been isolated from the serum-free conditioned media and acid-ethanol cell extracts of nontransformed AKR-2B and chemically transformed AKR-MCA mouse cells. The TGF activity was analyzed using Bio-Gel P-60 chromatography in 1 M acetic acid and tested for colony-stimulating activity in soft agar using AKR-2B, AKR-2B (clone 84A), NRK, and AKR-MCA cells as indicators. Both intracellular and extracellular TGF activity from AKR-MCA and AKR-2B cells show a major peak of AKR-2B and epidermal growth factor-potentiated NRK colony-stimulating activity that coelute in the 13,000 +/- 2,000 molecular weight region. In the 24,000 +/- 7,000 molecular weight range, AKR-MCA cells produce intracellular and extracellular NRK colony-stimulating activity that is not potentiated by epidermal growth factor, while the intracellular and extracellular NRK colony-stimulating activity produced by AKR-2B cells requires added epidermal growth factor for colony formation. Also important in determining the growth and morphological characteristics of a cell line, besides the production of a TGF, is the ability of a cell to respond to TGF activity. We have shown that the transformed AKR-MCA cells form more colonies than AKR-2B cells in response to certain TGF activities. This suggests that the increased responsiveness of AKR-MCA cells to TGFs may be important in determining its phenotype.
BCI based hybrid interface for 3D object control in virtual reality (2016)

People attempts to apply the virtual reality (VR) technology in various fields recently, however, there are many limitations to apply the VR technology in existing interfaces in various fields such as 3D object control. To solve this problem, we propose a combination of eye-tracking and BCI technique to control 3D objects in a three-dimensional VR as an alternative interface. In our proposed interface, users select a virtual 3D object in VR by eye-gazing which is detect by the eye-tracking module of the system and manipulate the object by concentrating their mind via the BCI module. To evaluate the performance of our system, subjects perform the same experiments using the proposed system comparing to other existing interfaces. The result shows that the proposed interface has similar or better performance than other interfaces. This result suggests that our proposed interface can be used as an alternative interface of VR.
Dynamic kirigami structures for integrated solar tracking (2015)

Optical tracking is often combined with conventional flat panel solar cells to maximize electrical power generation over the course of a day. However, conventional trackers are complex and often require costly and cumbersome structural components to support system weight. Here we use kirigami (the art of paper cutting) to realize novel solar cells where tracking is integral to the structure at the substrate level. Specifically, an elegant cut pattern is made in thin-film gallium arsenide solar cells, which are then stretched to produce an array of tilted surface elements which can be controlled to within ±1°. We analyze the combined optical and mechanical properties of the tracking system, and demonstrate a mechanically robust system with optical tracking efficiencies matching conventional trackers. This design suggests a pathway towards enabling new applications for solar tracking, as well as inspiring a broader range of optoelectronic and mechanical devices.
A large-scale chemical modification screen identifies design rules to generate siRNAs with high activity, high stability and low toxicity (2009)

The use of chemically synthesized short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is currently the method of choice to manipulate gene expression in mammalian cell culture, yet improvements of siRNA design is expectably required for successful application in vivo. Several studies have aimed at improving siRNA performance through the introduction of chemical modifications but a direct comparison of these results is difficult. We have directly compared the effect of 21 types of chemical modifications on siRNA activity and toxicity in a total of 2160 siRNA duplexes. We demonstrate that siRNA activity is primarily enhanced by favouring the incorporation of the intended antisense strand during RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading by modulation of siRNA thermodynamic asymmetry and engineering of siRNA 3'-overhangs. Collectively, our results provide unique insights into the tolerance for chemical modifications and provide a simple guide to successful chemical modification of siRNAs with improved activity, stability and low toxicity.
Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications (2015)

For patients unable to tolerate oral or injectable therapy, administration of psychotropic medications via nontraditional routes may be feasible. The development of alternative routes of drug delivery could prevent discontinuation of needed medication therapy.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. A skin-specific human serine proteinase. (1994)

The cDNA encoding human stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE); an epidermal serine-proteinase which was recently purified from human stratum corneum, was isolated from a keratinocyte derived library. The obtained nucleotide sequence contained an open reading frame sufficient to encode a preproprotein consisting of 253 amino acid residues. Expression of two mRNA species hybridizing with SCCE cDNA, 1.2 and 2.0 kilobases, respectively, was detected to human skin. These two forms differ with respect to the length of the 3'-untranslated sequence. Analysis of mRNA derived from various human tissues showed that abundant expression of the SCCE gene was restricted to human skin. The cloned cDNA was introduced to a bovine papilloma virus-based expression system and recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The results show that recombinant SCCE is produced with a 22-amino acid residue signal peptide and a propeptide of 7 amino acid residues. Tryptic digestion removed this propeptide and yielded a proteolytically active protein with the same NH2-terminal amino acid sequence as native SCCE. The deduced amino acid sequence contains the conserved active site regions of serine proteinases. The calculated molecular mass of unglycosylated active SCCE was 24.4 kDa. The sequence indicates one tentative N-glycosylation site located near the C terminus. Recombinant SCCE was found to be heterogenous regarding glycosylation in a manner similar to that of the native enzyme.
Immature myeloid cells directly contribute to skin tumor development by recruiting IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells (2015)

Evidence links chronic inflammation with cancer, but cellular mechanisms involved in this process remain unclear. We have demonstrated that in humans, inflammatory conditions that predispose to development of skin and colon tumors are associated with accumulation in tissues of CD33+S100A9+ cells, the phenotype typical for myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer or immature myeloid cells (IMCs) in tumor-free hosts. To identify the direct role of these cells in tumor development, we used S100A9 transgenic mice to create the conditions for topical accumulation of these cells in the skin in the absence of infection or tissue damage. These mice demonstrated accumulation of granulocytic IMCs in the skin upon topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), resulting in a dramatic increase in the formation of papillomas during epidermal carcinogenesis. The effect of IMCs on tumorigenesis was not associated with immune suppression, but with CCL4 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4)-mediated recruitment of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells. This chemokine was released by activated IMCs. Elimination of CD4+ T cells or blockade of CCL4 or IL-17 abrogated the increase in tumor formation caused by myeloid cells. Thus, this study implicates accumulation of IMCs as an initial step in facilitation of tumor formation, followed by the recruitment of CD4+ T cells.
Two-step methodology for high-yield routine radiohalogenation of peptides: (18)F-labeled RGD and octreotide analogs. (2004)

Oxime formation between aminooxy-functionalized peptides and an (18)F-labeled aldehyde or ketone-in this case, [(18)F]FB-CHO-combines fast 1-step, high-yield synthesis of an (18)F-labeled prosthetic group stable against in vivo defluorination with rapid, 1-step chemoselective conjugation to unprotected peptides under mild conditions. Thus, it allows fast and straightforward large-scale production of (18)F-labeled peptides for clinical routine PET application. Furthermore, it opens new perspectives to peptide radiohalogenation in general, permitting labeling of the same precursor both with diagnostic ((18)F, (124)I, (120 g)I, (123)I) and therapeutic ((211)At, (131)I) radiohalogens.
The tert-Butanesulfinyl Group:  An Ideal Chiral Directing Group and Boc-Surrogate for the Asymmetric Synthesis and Applications of β-Amino Acids (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe tert-Butanesulfinyl Group: An Ideal Chiral Directing Group and Boc-Surrogate for the Asymmetric Synthesis and Applications of β-Amino AcidsTony P. Tang and Jonathan A. EllmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 1, 12–13Publication Date (Web):December 19, 1998Publication History Received16 October 1998Published online19 December 1998Published inissue 1 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9820824https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9820824rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3891Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enantioselective synthesis,Enolates,Organic compounds,Stereoselectivity,Titanium Get e-Alerts
Nutritive Effects of Feeding Rice Diet Mixed with Barley and/or Millet on the Growth Rate and Biological Availability of Some Nutrients by Albino rats (1976)

This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effects of feeding rice diet and rice diet mixed with barley or millet, or both on the growth rate and biological availability of some nutrients by albino rats. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous containing 357 kcal of energy and 12g of protein per 100g of diet. The experimental animals weighing about 66g of both sexes were fed on 7 kinds of diets such as control diet, rice (100%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (30%) diet, rice (70%)+millet (30%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (20%)+millet (10%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (15%)+millet (15%) diet, and rice (70%)+barley (10%)+millet (20%) diet for 7 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gain in body weight was higher for barley and/or millet mixed with rice diet groups than rice diet group with no statistical difference. 2. Although there was no difference in the amount of food consumed by experimental groups, the food efficiency ratio was sightly higher for the miked diet groups than rice atone diet group. 3. The protein efficiency ratio was also higher for barley and millet miked with rice diet groups than rice diet group, although statistical significance was not found. 4. Apparent digestibility of protein of rice diet group was significantly (P
Impact of reductive N2∕H2 plasma on porous low-dielectric constant SiCOH thin films (2005)

Porous low-dielectric constant (low-κ) SiCOH thin films deposited using a plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition have been comprehensively characterized before and after exposure to a reactive-ion-etch-type plasma of N2 and H2 chemistry. The low-κ film studied in this work is a carbon-doped silicon oxide film with a dielectric constant (κ) of 2.5. Studies show that a top dense layer is formed as a result of significant surface film densification after exposure to N2∕H2 plasma while the underlying bulk layer remains largely unchanged. The top dense layer is found to seal the porous bulk SiCOH film. SiCOH films experienced significant thickness reduction, κ increase, and leakage current degradation after plasma exposure, accompanied by density increase, pore collapse, carbon depletion, and moisture content increase in the top dense layer. Both film densification and removal processes during N2∕H2 plasma treatment were found to play important roles in the thickness reduction and κ increase of this porous low-κ SiCOH film. A model based upon mutually limiting film densification and removal processes is proposed for the continuous thickness reduction during plasma exposure. A combination of surface film densification, thickness ratio increase of top dense layer to bulk layer, and moisture content increase results in the increase in κ value of this SiCOH film.
Fluorescence based strategies for genetic analysis (2005)

Synthetic chemistry has been central to the design of modern methods of genetic analysis. In this article, we discuss the underlying chemistry and biophysical principles that have been used in the development of robust methods for the analysis of DNA in the diagnostic laboratory.
Multi image noise estimation and denoising (2010)

Photon accumulation on a fixed surface is the essence of photography. In the times of chemical photography this accumulation required the camera to move as little as possible, and the scene to be still. Yet, most recent reflex and compact cameras propose a burst mode, permitting to capture quickly dozens of short expo-sure images of a scene instead of a single one. This new feature permits in principle to obtain by simple accumulation high quality photographs in dim light, with no motion or aperture blur. It also gives the right data for an accurate noise model. Yet, both goals are attainable only if an accurate cross-registration of the burst images has been performed. The difficulty comes from the non negligible image deformations caused by the slightest camera motion, in front of a 3D scene, and from the light variations or motions in the scene. This paper proposes a numer-ical processing chain permitting to achieve jointly the two mentioned goals: an accurate noise model for the camera, which is used crucially to obtain a state of the art multi-images denoising. The key feature of the proposed processing chain is a reliable multi-image noise estimator, whose accuracy will be demonstrated by three different procedures. Thanks to the signal dependent noise model obtained from the burst itself, a faithful detection of the well registered pixels can be made. The denoising by simple accumulation of these pixels, which are an overwhelming majority, permits to extend the Nicéphore Niepce photon accumulation method to image bursts. The denoising performance by accumulation is shown to reach the theoretical limit, namely a n denoising factor for n frames. Comparison with state of the art denoising algorithms will be shown on several bursts taken with reflex cameras in dim light. 1
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Enzyme DGAT2 Is Found in Mitochondria-associated Membranes and Has a Mitochondrial Targeting Signal That Promotes Its Association with Mitochondria (2008)

The synthesis and storage of neutral lipids in lipid droplets is a fundamental property of eukaryotic cells, but the spatial organization of this process is poorly understood. Here we examined the intracellular localization of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), an enzyme that catalyzes the final step of triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis in eukaryotes. We found that DGAT2 expressed in cultured cells localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under basal conditions. After providing oleate to drive TG synthesis, DGAT2 also localized to near the surface of lipid droplets, where it co-localized with mitochondria. Biochemical fractionation revealed that DGAT2 is present in mitochondria-associated membranes, specialized domains of the ER that are highly enriched in lipid synthetic enzymes and interact tightly with mitochondria. The interaction of DGAT2 with mitochondria depended on 67 N-terminal amino acids of DGAT2, which are not conserved in family members that have different catalytic functions. This targeting signal was sufficient to localize a red fluorescent protein to mitochondria. A highly conserved, positively charged, putative mitochondrial targeting signal was identified in murine DGAT2 between amino acids 61 and 66. Thus, DGAT2, an ER-resident transmembrane domain-containing enzyme, is also found in mitochondria-associated membranes, where its N terminus may promote its association with mitochondria.
Gene amplification in human gliomas (1995)

Gliomas represent the largest group of primary brain tumors in adults. The astrocytic variants are the most common and the adult forms are histologically stratified into three malignancy grades. Of these glioblastoma is the most common and the most malignant; it has also been best studied by molecular genetics and cytogenetics. Double-minute chromosomes, known to represent amplified genes, are found in 50% of glioblastomas. Amplified genes are not detected in the most benign of the astrocytomas. Many genes have been shown to be amplified in more than single cases of gliomas and these include EGFR, CDK4, SAS, MDM2, GLI, PDGFAR, MYC, N MYC, MYCL1, MET, GADD153, and KIT. The most commonly amplified genes in glioblastomas are EGFR (in approximately 40%), CDK4, and SAS (in approximately 15%). The remainder of the genes are amplified at lower frequency. The best mapped amplicon in gliomas involves the 12q13-14 region. The amplicon is of undetermined size, encompasses a number of genes, and may be rearranged. It occurs in 15% of glioblastomas and almost always includes the CDK4 and SAS genes, in about 10% of tumors the MDM2 gene, and at lower frequency GLI, GADD153, and A2MR. All but A2MR are overexpressed if amplified. The amplified EGFR gene is frequently rearranged, resulting in changes in the regions of the transcript that codes for the extracellular domain. The resultant receptor is constitutively activated. These findings provide examples of the impact the use of modern molecular biological techniques has had on our understanding of oncogenic mechanisms in gliomas.