gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Endothelial Cell Niche Induces Hepatic Specification Through Dual Repression of Wnt and Notch Signaling (2010)

Complex cross-talk between endoderm and the microenvironment is an absolute requirement to orchestrate hepatic specification and expansion. In the mouse, the septum transversum and cardiac mesoderm, through secreted bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF), respectively, instruct the adjacent ventral endoderm to become hepatic endoderm. Consecutively, endothelial cells promote expansion of the specified hepatic endoderm. By using a mouse reporter embryonic stem cell line, in which hCD4 and hCD25 were targeted to the Foxa2 and Foxa3 loci, we reconstituted an in vitro culture system in which committed endoderm cells coexpressing hCD4-Foxa2 and hCD25-Foxa3 were isolated and cocultured with endothelial cells in the presence of BMP4 and bFGF. In this culture setting, we provide mechanistic evidence that endothelial cells function not only to promote hepatic endoderm expansion but are also required at an earlier step for hepatic specification, at least in part through regulation of the Wnt and Notch pathways. Activation of Wnt and Notch by chemical or genetic approaches increases endoderm cell numbers but inhibits hepatic specification, and conversely, chemical inhibition of both pathways enhances hepatic specification and reduces proliferation. By using identical coculture conditions, we defined a similar dependence of endoderm harvested from embryos on endothelial cells to support their growth and hepatic specification. Our findings (1) confirm a conserved role of Wnt repression for mouse hepatic specification, (2) uncover a novel role for Notch repression in the hepatic fate decision, and (3) demonstrate that repression of Wnt and Notch signaling in hepatic endoderm is controlled by the endothelial cell niche.
Discharge behaviour of feline gamma-motoneurones following induction of an artificial myositis (1991)

The study was undertaken to test the widely held hypothesis that a painful lesion of the skeleto-motor system leads to an increase in the neuromuscular component of muscle tone by activating gamma-motoneurones in the affected region. In chloralose-anaesthetized cats, artificial myositis was induced in the lateral gastrocnemius-soleus (LGS) muscle and several hours later the impulse activity was recorded from single gamma-motoaxons supplying the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle. Under the conditions of the study, the majority of the fusimotor neurones had a resting activity and could be readily excited by natural stimuli. In contrast to the assumptions of the working hypothesis, the gamma-motoneurones in the myositis animals were not activated but showed a strong inhibition; both resting activity and excitability by electrical and natural stimuli were decreased. Additional recordings from fusimotor neurones of a flexor muscle (tibialis anterior, TA) demonstrated that in the preparation used, the behaviour of the flexor gamma-motoneurones was different from extensor ones in that the former usually had no resting activity and did not respond to natural stimuli. The only discernible effect of a myositis of the LGS muscle on the TA gamma-motoneurones was a decrease in their electrical reflex threshold. The results of the study do not support the assumption that a painful muscle lesion is followed by an activation of the gamma-loop that leads to an increase in muscle tone. Instead, the data may offer an explanation for the weakness and--in chronic cases--the reflex atrophy of lesioned muscles.
ADP-dependent common receptor mechanism for binding of von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen to human platelets. (1984)

Human von Willebrand factor (vWF) and fibrinogen are adhesive plasma glycoproteins essential for formation of a platelet hemostatic plug. We investigated the role of ADP and fibrinogen in binding of vWF to platelets in vitro. Binding of 125I-labeled vWF to human platelets separated from plasma proteins and treated with ADP was specific, and time and concentration dependent, reaching equilibrium at 20 min and approaching saturation at 12 micrograms/ml. The binding was inhibited by EDTA and by prostaglandin I2, a known activator of platelet adenylate cyclase. A purine nucleotide affinity analog, 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA), which covalently modifies the ADP binding sites on the human platelet membrane, prevented binding of vWF induced with ADP, as well as with human thrombin and with ionophore A23187, agents known to cause platelet ADP secretion. By comparison, FSBA did not inhibit binding of vWF induced by ristocetin, indicating that the ristocetin mechanism is not dependent on ADP. Human fibrinogen inhibited in a competitive manner the ADP-induced binding of 125I-labeled vWF (9 micrograms/ml) with an IC50 of 25 micrograms/ml. Conversely, unlabeled vWF inhibited ADP-induced binding of 125I-labeled fibrinogen (60 micrograms/ml) with an IC50 of 16 micrograms/ml. A synthetic dodecapeptide (Mr, 1188), analogous with the specific platelet receptor recognition site of human fibrinogen gamma chain (gamma 400-411), inhibited binding of both 125I-labeled vWF and 125I-labeled fibrinogen to ADP-treated platelets, whereas it was without effect on binding of 125I-labeled vWF to ristocetin-treated platelets. These data indicate that vWF and fibrinogen have a common receptor mechanism for their interaction with human platelets that is dependent on ADP occupancy of its binding sites and is recognized by the sequence of 12 amino acid residues at the carboxyl terminus of the human fibrinogen gamma chain.
In vitro skin penetration of griseofulvin in rat and human skin from an ointment dosage form. (1988)

Penetration and permeation of griseofulvin into and across the rat skin after application of three ointment formulations containing either dimethylacetamide (DMAC) or diethylene glycol monoethylether (DGME) or the ointment base alone (control--without DMAC or DGME) were studied, in vitro. Penetration and permeation of griseofulvin into and across the human skin after application of DGME ointment was also studied. Permeation of griseofulvin across the rat skin was highest for the DMAC ointment, followed by the DGME ointment and lowest for the control. Concentration of griseofulvin in the upper layers of the skin (i.e., surface to 100 micron depth) was also highest for DMAC and lowest for the control. However, the skin levels from the DGME ointment could not be distinguished (statistically) from the other two formulations. In comparison to rat skin, human skin is much less permeable. Amount of griseofulvin (from DGME ointment) that permeated through the rat skin was 14 times the amount that permeated through the human skin. Concentration of griseofulvin in the upper layers of the rat skin were 4 times the concentration of the drug in the upper layers of the human skin. The concentration of griseofulvin in the various layers of the human skin after one topical application were far greater than those reported after prolonged peroral administration.
Highly Dispersed Ru on Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e–)4 as a Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis (2014)

A high surface area 12CaO·7Al2O3 electride (HT-C12A7:e–) was synthesized by the hydrothermal process and subsequent reduction with CaH2 as a reducing agent, and was then examined as a support for a Ru catalyst in ammonia synthesis. Electrons are successfully incorporated into the cages of C12A7 powder by reduction with CaH2 at 973 K. The concentration of encaged electrons increases with the dehydration temperature of the sample before the CaH2 treatment. The surface area of the resulting material (ca. 20 m2 g–1) is higher than that of the C12A7 electride prepared by conventional solid-phase reaction (SP-C12A7:e–, ca. 1 m2 g–1). The rate of ammonia synthesis over Ru/HT-C12A7:e– is twice that of Ru/SP-C12A7:e–, and there is no significant difference in the apparent activation energy between both catalysts under the optimal conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CO chemisorption measurements revealed that Ru nanoparticles are more highly dispersed on HT-C12A7:e– than that on SP-C12A7:e–, which results in the enhancement observed for ammonia synthesis.
Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Tumors from BRCA Mutation Carriers (2009)

Olaparib has few of the adverse effects of conventional chemotherapy, inhibits PARP, and has antitumor activity in cancer associated with the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00516373.)
Ventilatory and Carotid Body Chemosensory Responses In Rats Exposed To Short‐Term Sustained Hypoxia (2017)

Previous studies performed in in situ rat preparations reported that the exposure to short‐term (24 h) sustained hypoxia (SH) generates active expiration at rest, increases baseline sympathetic activity during expiration and enhances sympathetic responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. In the present study, we evaluated basal and hypoxic‐induced changes in ventilatory parameters of unanesthetized juvenile male Holtzman rats (80–90 g) previously exposed to SH (10% O 2 , 24 hs). In addition, we examined the chemosensory response of carotid body chemoreceptors of decerebrated, artificially‐perfused in situ preparations of juvenile rats (60–80 g) submitted to SH. At resting conditions, SH rats (n=12) exhibited augmented (P&lt;0.05) respiratory frequency (109±2 vs 97±1 cpm), tidal volume (14±1 vs 10±1 ml/kg) and minute ventilation (1550±137 vs 979±114 ml/kg.min) compared to control rats (n=12). SH rats also showed greater tachypneic and hyperventilatory responses (P&lt;0.05) to a new hypoxia episode (7% O 2 , 20 min) in comparison to control rats. The magnitude of increase in tidal volume was similar between groups. The in situ preparations of SH rats (n=8), but not controls (n=8), exhibited additional bursts in baseline abdominal motor activity, indicating the presence of active expiration at rest. Interestingly, basal afferent activity of carotid sinus nerve (CSN) was similar (0.67±0.18 vs 0.65±0.18 μV) between SH and control rats. Moreover, the CSN excitatory response to stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors with potassium cyanide was not different between groups (ΔCSN: 1235±372 vs 922±278 %), although the in situ preparations of SH rats showed greater sympathoexcitatory reflex responses (P&lt;0.05). Our findings indicate that augmented basal ventilation and enhanced ventilatory and sympathetic responses to hypoxia in rats exposed to SH are not dependent on increased basal and sensorial activity of carotid body chemoreceptors, but may rely on central mechanisms. Support or Funding Information FAPESP (2013/17.251‐6) and CNPq
A 1 GHz CMOS RF front-end IC for a direct-conversion wireless receiver (1996)

An integrated low-noise amplifier and downconversion mixer operating at 1 GHz has been fabricated for the first time in 1 /spl mu/m CMOS. The overall conversion gain is almost 20 dB, the double-sideband noise figure is 3.2 dB, the IIP3 is +8 dBm, and the circuit takes 9 mA from a 3 V supply. Circuit design methods which exploit the features of CMOS well suited to these functions are in large part responsible for this performance. The front-end is also characterized in several other ways relevant to direct-conversion receivers.
The Two-dimensional Superscalar GAP Processor Architecture (2010)

Abstract—In this paper we evaluate the new Grid Alu Proces-sor architecture that is optimized for the execution of sequential instruction streams. The Grid Alu Processor architecture com-prises an in-order superscalar pipeline front-end enhanced by a configuration unit able to dynamically issue dependent and independent standard machine instructions simultaneously to the functional units, which are organized in a two-dimensional array. In contrast to well-known coarse-grained reconfigurable architec-tures no special synthesis tools are required and no configuration overhead occurs. Simulations of the Grid Alu Processor showed a maximum speedup of 2.56 measured in instructions per cycle compared to the results of a comparable configured SimpleScalar processor simulator. Further improvements introduced in this paper lead to a top speedup of about 4.65 for one benchmark. Our evaluations show that with restricted hardware resources, the performance is only slightly reduced. The gain of the proposed processor architecture is obtained by the asynchronous execution of most instructions, the possibility to issue multiple depending instructions at the same cycle and the acceleration of loops.
A novel class of substituted spiro [quinazoline-2,1'-cyclohexane] derivatives as effective PPAR-1 inhibitors: molecular modeling, synthesis, cytotoxic and enzyme assay evaluation. (2013)

Molecular docking simulation study was carried out to design a novel series of spiro [(2H, 3H)quinazoline-2,1'-cyclohexan]-4(1H)-one derivatives as a new class of effective PARP-1 inhibitors. Spiro [2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,1'-cyclohexan]-4(1H)-one (5) was the starting compound to synthesize the target proposed analogues. The derivatives that showed the top scores and had the best fitting in the binding sites of the target protein were selected to evaluate their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against the cultured human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) using doxorubicin as a standard drug. Additionally, the compounds that exhibited the highest cytotoxic efficiency were further subjected to PARP-1 enzyme assay taking 3-aminobenzamide as the reference drug. The structures of the novel derivatives were confirmed on the bases of microanalytical and spectral data.
Electroetching of Platinum in the Titanium‐Platinum‐Gold Metallization on Silicon Integrated Circuits (1976)

A new electrochemical technique has been developed for etching platinum in the processing of silicon integrated circuits. A periodically varying potential is applied to a silicon wafer in a room temperature hydrochloric acid solution. The waveform has been designed to overcome problems associated with the passivation of the platinum surface and with the relatively high resistance of the metallization. The process has the following properties: the resolution of electroetched test patterns is good; the process is compatible with both positive and negative photoresists; the etch time is a few minutes for the platinum thicknesses commonly used in integrated circuits; the process lends itself to instrumentation for determination of the completion of platinum removal; the dissolved platinum can be recovered. The electroetching process is also applicable to the etching of other noble metals and to the etching of metallizations on other substrates.
Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduces colonisation of Clostridium difficile in critically ill patients treated with antibiotics (2008)

Enteral administration of the probiotic bacterium Lp299v to critically ill patients treated with antibiotics reduced colonisation with C. difficile.
Sequence Determination of the Sendai Virus Fusion Protein Gene (1985)

From a genomic DNA library of Sendai virus, we have identified and sequenced clones corresponding to the F glycoprotein gene. The limits of the F gene region were defined by mapping the 5' and 3' ends of the mRNA with S1 nuclease. The Sendai virus F gene is 1821 nucleotides long. The predicted primary translation product of the single long open reading frame would code for a protein of 565 amino acids, containing a putative signal peptide, three carbohydrate addition sites, a hydrophobic region corresponding to the known cleavage/activation site of FO, and a long, very hydrophobic region near the C-terminus which probably represents the transmembrane region of the protein. The signal peptide cleavage site of the mature protein was determined by mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the amino acid sequence surrounding the cleavage/activation site of the Sendai virus F protein shows significant homology to the same region of the influenza B and C virus HA proteins, suggesting that these genes may have evolved from a common ancestor. The ability of the Sendai virus F protein to fuse membranes relative to its primary structure is discussed.
Collagen-Related Markers of Bone Turnover Reflect the Severity of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (1998)

The influence of a nonskeletal disease with increased connective tissue synthesis or degradation in the collagen-related markers of bone turnover has been evaluated in 34 women with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; age range 41-81 years), a disease with increased hepatic fibrosis, often associated with osteoporosis. Serum osteocalcin (BGP), and carboxy-terminal (PICP) and amino-terminal (PINP) propeptides of type I collagen were assessed as indexes of bone formation, whereas serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and urinary hydroxyproline (HYP), pyridinoline (PYR), deoxypyridinoline (DPYR), and type I collagen cross-linked N- (NTX) and C-telopeptide (CTX) were measured as markers of bone resorption. The histologic stage of the disease and serum amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (PIIINP) as an index of liver fibrogenesis were also evaluated. BGP levels were significantly lower, whereas PICP and PINP levels were higher in patients than in controls. Among the bone resorption markers, serum ICTP and urinary PYR, DPYR, HYP, NTX, and CTX levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Serum PIIINP levels were also increased in PBC patients. BGP did not correlate with PICP and PINP, but these markers of bone formation as well as ICTP, PYR, DPYR, and NTX correlated with serum PIIINP levels. Serum TRAP did not correlate with collagen-related markers of bone resorption. Moreover, patients with PIIINP and bilirubin above normal levels had higher PICP, PINP, ICTP PYR, DPYR, CTX, and NTX. These markers correlated with the histologic stage of the disease, but not with osteopenia measured by densitometric procedures in 22 patients. In conclusion, collagen-related markers of bone turnover do not reflect bone remodeling in PBC. The close association of these markers with PIIINP and the clinical and histologic stage of the liver disease suggests that they are influenced by liver collagen metabolism.
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Gremlin is overexpressed in human malignant mesothelioma (2011)

Gremlin is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist family and its antagonistic effect is likely through direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, Gremlin plays a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning and tissue differentiation. Recent studies have shown a deregulation of Gremlin in several types of human cancers. However, the role of Gremlin in human malignant mesothelioma (MM) is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of Gremlin in human MM. We found that Gremlin mRNA and protein were both overexpressed in the majority of primary MM tissue samples that we examined. We also observed high level expression of the Gremlin gene in 4 of the 6 MM cell lines. Consistently, we found that the Gremlin promoter activity was significantly elevated in those MM cell lines expressing the Gremlin gene. On the other hand, no activity of the Gremlin promoter was detected in the two MM cell lines lacking Gremlin expression. Moreover, to examine the functional significance of the Gremlin overexpression in MM, we used shRNA to knock down Gremlin expression in MM cell lines expressing Gremlin and found that inhibition of Gremlin expression significantly suppressed proliferation of those MM cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the BMP antagonist Gremlin is overexpressed in MM and that aberrant activation of Gremlin may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of human MM.
The complex landscape of pancreatic cancer metabolism (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA) are extremely aggressive cancers and currently available therapies are only minimally effective in treating this disease. Tackling this devastating cancer has been a major challenge to the scientific and medical communities, in part due to its intense therapeutic resistance. One of the aspects of this tumor that contributes to its aggressive behavior is its altered cellular metabolism. Indeed, PDA cells seem to possess the ability to adapt their metabolism to the particular environment to which they are exposed, including utilizing diverse fuel sources depending on their availability. Moreover, PDA tumors are efficient at recycling various metabolic substrates through activation of different salvage pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. Together, these diverse metabolic adaptations allow PDA cells to survive and thrive in harsh environments that may lack nutrients and oxygen. Not surprisingly, given its central role in the pathogenesis of this tumor, oncogenic Kras plays a critical role in much of the metabolic reprogramming seen in PDA. In this review, we discuss the metabolic landscape of PDA tumors, including the molecular underpinnings of the key regulatory nodes, and describe how such pathways can be exploited for future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
A Study on Culture and Fashion of 'Ha-Han-Zu' (2006)

초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 등록된 정보가 없습니다. #Ha-Han-Zu #Korean fashion #Korean TV series #Korean Wave 등록된 정보가 없습니다.
Differential expression of MAGE-1, -2, and -3 messenger RNA in transformed and normal human cell lines. (1993)

The MAGE-1 gene codes for a tumor-specific antigen, MZ2-E, that elicited a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response in the melanoma patient from whom it was derived. We have developed a simplified method, using polymerase chain reaction amplification of exon 3 followed by restriction enzyme pattern analysis, to distinguish expression of the MAGE-1 gene from MAGE-2 and MAGE-3, other members of this gene family. MAGE-1 mRNA was expressed in 53% of 17 melanoma lines, two of seven Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines, and 2 of 5 breast cell lines including a line established form normal breast epithelium. MAGE-1 is not likely to be the common melanoma antigen recognized by the other HLA-A1- or HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes examined in this study, but the fact that it is expressed in about 50% of melanoma cell lines makes it a reasonable target for the immunotherapy of patients bearing HLA-A1.
Magnetically and Biologically Active Bead-Patterned Hydrogels (2006)

We present a new approach to the direct patterning of biologically and magnetically active microbeads in nonbiofouling polymer scaffolds for use in microfluidic devices. Briefly, the process involves treatment of a glass substrate, conformal contact bonding of a PDMS microchannel on the substrate, filling of the channel with beads and prepolymer solution, and UV-initiated photopolymerization of a mask-defined pattern using a standard inverted microscope. This versatile and simple method allows for the rapid fabrication of dispersed or packed bead patterns in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels that are covalently linked to glass surfaces. By exploiting the relative opacity of the microbeads used, we are able to create both partially exposed and fully encapsulated bead patterns. To demonstrate the utility of this new technology, we separated magnetic bead-bound B lymphocytes from T lymphocytes on a PEG-encapsulated magnetic filtration platform and also captured B cells directly on patterned, protein-decorated beads in a flow-through microfluidic device. Beyond cell sorting, the accurate patterning of industrially standardized, chemically diverse microbeads may have significant implications for microchip-based analyte detection.