gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Random Copolymers of Functionalised Polybenzimidazoles for High Temperature Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract A series of polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) incorporating main chain sulphonic acid groups were synthesised as random copolymers with p ‐PBI in varying ratios using polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as both the polymerisation solvent and polycondensation reagent. The PPA process was used to produce high molecular weight phosphoric acid (PA) doped PBI gel membranes in a one‐step procedure. These membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties (0.528–2.51 MPa tensile stress and 130–300% tensile strain) even at high acid doping levels [20–40 mol PA/PRU (polymer repeat unit)] and high conductivities (0.148–0.291 S cm –1 ) at elevated temperatures (&gt;100 °C) with no external humidification, depending on copolymer composition. Fuel cell testing was conducted with hydrogen fuel and air or oxygen oxidants for all membrane compositions at temperatures greater than 100 °C without external feed gas humidification. Initial studies showed a maximum fuel performance of 0.675 V for the 25 mol% s‐PBI/75 mol% p ‐PBI random copolymer at 180 °C and 0.2 A cm –2 with hydrogen and air, and 0.747 V for the same copolymer at 180 °C and 0.2 A cm –2 with hydrogen and oxygen.
Mechanisms and Risk Factors of Non-contact ACL Injuries (2008)

not provided.
GROMACS: High performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers (2015)

GROMACS is one of the most widely used open-source and free software codes in chemistry, used primarily for dynamical simulations of biomolecules. It provides a rich set of calculation types, preparation and analysis tools. Several advanced techniques for free-energy calculations are supported. In version 5, it reaches new performance heights, through several new and enhanced parallelization algorithms. These work on every level; SIMD registers inside cores, multithreading, heterogeneous CPU-GPU acceleration, state-of-the-art 3D domain decomposition, and ensemble-level parallelization through built-in replica exchange and the separate Copernicus framework. The latest best-in-class compressed trajectory storage format is supported.
<title>Structural limitations of self-affine and partially self-affine fractal compression</title> (1993)

Fractal image compression using self-affine transformations has recently drawn considerable attention. Although some elements of the technique have a well-established foundation, many issues remain unclear. We consider the attractors that are obtained by varying the parameters of the contractive transformation. We show that the parameters can be divided into two groups and that if the parameters in the first group are fixed, the set of attractors obtained by varying the parameters in the second group is a vector space. Based on this observation, an improvement to the collage coding technique for encoding data is obtained. We then present a coder, referred to as the classified transform coder, which is structurally limited in the same way as the fractal coder. However, in the classified transform coder, the design of the pool of subspaces is directly addressed. Finally, some performance results are presented for the classified transform coder.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Low rates of apoB secretion from HepG2 cells result from reduced delivery of newly synthesized triglyceride to a “secretion-coupled” pool. (1996)

The present study was aimed at defining the roles of intracellular triglyceride pools in apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells. Oleic acid (0.2 mmol/L) in the medium stimulated both triglyceride synthesis and apolipoprotein B secretion. Stimulation of apolipoprotein B secretion was lost about 30-40 min after oleic acid was removed from the medium, despite the finding that most newly synthesized triglyceride was still present in the cells. This suggested that only a small fraction of newly synthesized triglyceride was transferred to a pool available for assembly of nascent apoB into lipoproteins. Using cell fractionation, we analyzed two triglyceride pools in HepG2 cells: a microsomal pool and a cytoplasmic pool. Oleic acid-induced increases in the microsomal pool were small and short-lived due to secretion; this pool, therefore, is a "secretion-coupled" pool. The large majority of newly synthesized triglyceride was in a cytosolic pool that was not associated with secretion of apoB. Dibutyryl cAMP treatment was associated with a 3-fold increase in the mobilization of the triglyceride droplets. Apolipoprotein B secretion, however, was not increased, suggesting that the amount of triglyceride that entered the "secretion-coupled" pool after hydrolysis and re-esterification of cytoplasmic triglyceride was inadequate to stimulate apolipoprotein B secretion. In summary, the majority of newly synthesized triglyceride, whether derived from exogenous or endogenous fatty acids, is rapidly shifted to a cytoplasmic pool that does not play a regulatory role in apolipoprotein B secretion. The presence of a very small "secretion-coupled" pool of triglyceride in HepG2 cells likely explains the high rates of degradation of nascent apolipoprotein B, and the low rates of secretion of lipid-poor lipoproteins.
Overexpression of Id-1 in prostate cancer cells promotes angiogenesis through the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2005)

Androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer is the main cause of cancer related death in men. One of the reasons for this is the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the metastatic progression of prostate cancer. In this study, we have demonstrated that overexpression of Id-1 (inhibitor of differentiation/DNA synthesis), a member of the helix-loop-helix family proteins, is a key factor in promoting angiogenesis through activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in prostate cancer cells. Using prostate cancer cells ectopically transfected with the Id-1 gene, we found that upregulation of Id-1 induced VEGF secretion through activation of the VEGF gene transcription. Downregulation of Id-1, however, led to the suppression of VEGF secretion and its gene promoter activity. The association between Id-1 and VEGF was also confirmed on human xenografts by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the growth medium generated by the Id-1 expressing cells was able to promote morphological changes as well as capillary tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at similar degrees to the recombinant human VEGF. Furthermore, inhibition of VEGF function by the treatment with an Flk-1 inhibitor, SU1498, or with the VEGF neutralizing antibody resulted in the reverse of the angiogenic effect on HUVECs. Our results suggest that overexpression of Id-1 in prostate cancer cells may provide an autocrine signal to promote angiogenesis through the activation of VEGF. Since increased Id-1 has been reported in many types of advanced human cancers, our results indicate that downregulation of Id-1 may be a novel target to inhibit the growth of metastatic cancers through the suppression of angiogenesis.
GIF biology and fat metabolism (1999)

The gastrointestinal hormone, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), is synthesized and released from the duodenum and proximal jejunum postprandially. Its release depends upon several factors including meal content and pre-existing health status (ie. obesity, diabetes, age, etc.). It was initially discovered and named for its gastric acid inhibitory properties. However, its more physiologically relevant role appears to be as an insulinotropic agent with a stimulatory effect on insulin release and synthesis. Accordingly, it was later renamed glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide because its action on insulin release depends upon an increase in circulating levels of glucose. GIP is considered to be one of the principle incretin factors of the enteroinsular axis. The GIP receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor belonging to the family of secretin/VIP receptors. GIP receptor mRNA is widely distributed in peripheral organs, including the pancreas, gut, adipose tissue, heart, adrenal cortex, and brain, suggesting it may have other functions in addition to the ones mentioned above. An overactive enteroinsular axis has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity. In addition to stimulating insulin release, GIP has been shown to amplify the effect of insulin on target tissues. In adipose tissue, GIP has been reported to (1) stimulate fatty acid synthesis, (2) enhance insulin-stimulated incorporation of fatty acids into triglycerides, (3) increase insulin receptor affinity, and (4) increase sensitivity of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. In addition, although controversial, lipolytic properties of GIP have been proposed. The mechanism of action of GIP-induced effects on adipocytes is unknown, and it is unclear whether these effects of GIP on adipocytes are direct or indirect. However, there is now evidence that GIP receptors are expressed on adipocytes and that these receptors respond to GIP stimulation. Given the location of its release and the timing of its release, GIP is an ideal anabolic agent and expanding our understanding of its physiology will be needed to determine its exact role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Polarization sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with continuous polarization modulation (2006)

Polarization sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (PS-FD-OCT) using fiber components with continuous polarization modulation is demonstrated. 
The incident polarized light is modulated by electro-optic modulator (EO modulator) synchronized with lateral B-scanning. 
By the incident polarization modulation and the polarization sensitive spectrometer, the depth-resolved Jones matrix image of biological sample can be measured. 
This method uses both polarization modulation method and Fourier transform method. 
In this paper, the algorithm is described and the phase retardation image of chicken breast muscle is measured.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression in Primate Taste Buds Reveals Links to Diverse Processes (2009)

Efforts to unravel the mechanisms underlying taste sensation (gustation) have largely focused on rodents. Here we present the first comprehensive characterization of gene expression in primate taste buds. Our findings reveal unique new insights into the biology of taste buds. We generated a taste bud gene expression database using laser capture microdissection (LCM) procured fungiform (FG) and circumvallate (CV) taste buds from primates. We also used LCM to collect the top and bottom portions of CV taste buds. Affymetrix genome wide arrays were used to analyze gene expression in all samples. Known taste receptors are preferentially expressed in the top portion of taste buds. Genes associated with the cell cycle and stem cells are preferentially expressed in the bottom portion of taste buds, suggesting that precursor cells are located there. Several chemokines including CXCL14 and CXCL8 are among the highest expressed genes in taste buds, indicating that immune system related processes are active in taste buds. Several genes expressed specifically in endocrine glands including growth hormone releasing hormone and its receptor are also strongly expressed in taste buds, suggesting a link between metabolism and taste. Cell type-specific expression of transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in cell fate, including KIT, reveals the taste bud as an active site of cell regeneration, differentiation, and development. IKBKAP, a gene mutated in familial dysautonomia, a disease that results in loss of taste buds, is expressed in taste cells that communicate with afferent nerve fibers via synaptic transmission. This database highlights the power of LCM coupled with transcriptional profiling to dissect the molecular composition of normal tissues, represents the most comprehensive molecular analysis of primate taste buds to date, and provides a foundation for further studies in diverse aspects of taste biology.
Co‐expression of Mac‐1 and p150,95 on CD5+ B cells. Structural and functional characterization in a human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1988)

The leukocyte adhesion receptors (LAR) Mac-1 and p150,95 were thought to occur only on myeloid cells, but recently, mouse Ly-1+ (CD5+) B and pro-B cells were shown to bind M1/70 monoclonal antibody, an anti-Mac-1 antibody. Using immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we have studied the expression of LAR in human CD5+ B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. 170,95 kDa Mac-1 and p150,95, as well as 180,95 kDa LFA-1 heterodimers are shown to be co-expressed on CD5+ mu + kappa + B cells from a patient where they retain their known function in homotypic cell-cell adhesion. Therefore, functional Mac-1 and p150,95 LAR are not restricted to myeloid cells.
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens: Potential targets for immunotherapy (2009)

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are protein antigens with normal expression restricted to adult testicular germ cells, and yet are aberrantly activated and expressed in a proportion of various types of human cancer. At least a subset of this group of antigens has been found to elicit spontaneous humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in cancer patients, raising the possibility that these antigens could be cancer vaccine targets. More than 100 CT antigen genes have been reported in the literature, with approximately 30 being members of multigene families on the X chromosome, so-called CT-X genes. Most CT-X genes are expressed at the spermatogonia stage of spermatogenesis, and their functions are mostly unknown. In cancer, the frequency of CT antigen expression is highly variable among different tumor types, but is more often expressed in high-grade late-stage cases in general. Cancer vaccine trials based on CT antigens MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 are currently ongoing, and these antigens may also play a role in antigen-specific adoptive T-cell transfer and in the immunomodulation approach of cancer therapy.
USING AUTOMATED ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS : PUTTING THE DRIVER INTO FOCUS (1998)

Abstract - Today&amp;apos;s sensor technologies together with high quality vehicle controllers already allow automatic driver assistance systems. Automatic adaptive cruise control as a first representative of the new dimension of assistance systems is already available in today&amp;apos;s cars. Tomorrow&amp;apos;s world will provide the driver with partly autonomous systems that allow him to leave the complete control over his vehicle to a computer in many phases within real traffic. At the same time the demand for mobility also influences other fields of research. Telematics technologies already allow the &amp;quot;mobile office&amp;quot;. The combination of these two technologies, telematics and automated driving, by an intelligent driver interface opens a new dimension for the future: While the driver leaves the control over his vehicle to the computer, he can temporarily focus his attention on selected office applications. That is the main aspect this paper deals with. With a technical feasibility of automated driv...
Joint hydrophone and accelerometer receiver deghosting using sparse Tau-P inversion (2014)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014Joint hydrophone and accelerometer receiver deghosting using sparse Tau-P inversionAuthors: Ping Wang*Hongzheng JinCan PengSuryadeep RayPing Wang*CGG, Hongzheng JinCGG, Can PengCGG, and Suryadeep RayCGGhttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0865.1 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Removing the receiver ghost from marine towed streamer data before migration provides better low and high frequency response as well as a higher signal-to-noise ratio for preprocessing steps such as multiple suppression and velocity analysis. The combination of pressure data recorded by hydrophones and particle velocity data or acceleration data recorded by motion sensors has the potential to reliably derive a ghost-free wavefield. We present a progressive joint sparse τ – p inversion method to perform 3D deghosting using pressure data (P), the acceleration z-component (Az), and the acceleration y-component (Ay). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this method using a multi-sensor streamer data set from the North Sea. Keywords: inversion, multicomponent, sparse, broadbandPermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0865.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAn lp-space matching pursuit algorithm and its application to robust seismic data denoising via time-domain Radon transformsJi Li and Mauricio D. Sacchi11 March 2021 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 86, No. 3The value of high-density blended OBN seismic for drilling and reservoir description at the Tangguh gas fields, Eastern IndonesiaChristopher Birt, Danang Priyambodo, Simon Wolfarth, Johnathan Stone, and Ted Manning3 August 2020 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 39, No. 8An integrated broadband preprocessing method for towed-streamer seismic dataMehdi Aharchaou and Erik Neumann24 February 2020 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 85, No. 2Wave height guided multishot receiver deghostingGordon Poole and Simon King1 September 2016Single-Component 3D Deghosting and Crossline Interpolation4 May 2015 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2014 Pages: 5183 publication data© 2014 Published in electronic format with permission by the Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 05 Aug 2014 CITATION INFORMATION Ping Wang*, Hongzheng Jin, Can Peng, and Suryadeep Ray, (2014), "Joint hydrophone and accelerometer receiver deghosting using sparse Tau-P inversion," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1894-1898. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0865.1 Plain-Language Summary KeywordsinversionmulticomponentsparsebroadbandPDF DownloadLoading ...
Preparation of triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as potential antiasthma agents (1990)

With the use of the human basophil histamine release assay, 5-aryl-2-amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines were found to be active as mediator release inhibitors. These compounds were prepared by reacting arylamidines with sodium ethyl formylacetate or with ethyl propiolate to give pyrimidinones. Treatment with phosphorus oxychloride gave a chloropyrimidine, which was converted to a hydrazinopyrimidine with hydrazine. Cyclization, using cyanogen bromide, gave the triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines, after a Dimroth rearrangement. Following a structure-activity evaluation, the 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-amino (8-10), 5-(3-bromophenyl)-2-amino (8-13), 5-[3-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-2-amino (8-11), and 5-(4-pyridinyl)-2-amino (6-7) compounds were found to have the best activity. They were chosen for further pharmacological and toxicological study.
A 3MPixel Multi-Aperture Image Sensor with 0.7μm Pixels in 0.11μm CMOS (2008)

In this paper we describe the first complete MA-imager chip comprising a 166x76 array of 16x16, 0.7mum pixel FT-CCD apertures, per-column ADCs, control logic and chip readout circuits fabricated in 0.11mum CMOS technology. The aperture control buses are globally connected to the FT-CCDs. The RS signal and the decoded ROW bus are used to address the readout circuits for each row of FT-CCDs. The MUX blocks contain column bias circuitry, inputs for external testing of the ADC and support for analog pixel readout through AOUT. The ADCs share an output bus that is decoded by COL and buffered for digital readout.
<title>Application migration to reserved bandwidth networks</title> (1995)

The advent of high speed networks has stimulated development and deployment of many new distributed applications, such as multiparty video conferencing. At the same time, the networking community is rapidly moving towards new high speed networking architectures that offer advanced features such as guaranteed bandwidth and connection performance guarantees. The performance of may applications would be improved significantly if features offered by these new networks are utilized. While it is desirable to use the features of the new protocols provided by the emerging high speed networks, these protocols have not yet reached the same degree of stability and maturity as the existing protocols. As new networks with advanced features are deployed, schemes that take advantage of the advanced network capabilities, are necessary to migrate existing applications to the new networking interfaces. In this paper, several application migration paths are outlined. The concept of a Bandwidth Server, that provides transparent application migration, is introduced, e.g. transparent migration does not require an application to be rewritten, recompiled, or relinked. We explore the design of a simple and efficient Bandwidth Server that allows TCP/IP applications, written using the well-known socket-interface, to execute across a B-ISDN network.
Superposition of states by adiabatic passage inN-pod systems (2011)

We study the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique in an $N$-pod system driven by $N$ pulsed fields when $N\ensuremath{-}2$ and $N\ensuremath{-}1$ pulses not connected to the initial state have the same shape. We show that, for properly timed pulses, robust population transfer from an initial ground state to an arbitrary coherent superposition of the ground states can be achieved in a single step. The case of $N\ensuremath{-}2$ pulses of the same shape involves a geometric phase of the same type as the one appearing in tripod systems.
Stereo-controlled synthesis of prostaglandin synthons (1974)

Novel cyclopentanoid precursors [(±)-c-2-cyanomethyl-t-3-methoxymethylcyclopentane-r-1,c-4-diyl diacetate (22) and (±)-c-2-cyanomethyl-t-3-triphenylmethoxymethylcyclopentane-r-1,c-4-diyl diacetate (34)] for the prostanoids have been prepared by oxidative cleavage of 5,6-bisalkoxymethylnorbornenes [(11b) and (26)], and their utility has been demonstrated by conversion into known lactone intermediates [(25) and (35)] for prostaglandin synthesis.