gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Camptothecin and taxol: Discovery to clinic (1998)

Camptothecin (CPT) is a pentacyclic alkaloid isolated from wood and bark of Camptotheca acuminata. Initially it was found to be highly active in a number of mouse in vivo cancer assays. Subsequently, CPT was found to uniquely inhibit an enzyme, topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA replication. A number of CPT analogs are in advanced clinical trial, and two, Topotecan and CPT-11, have been approved for marketing by the FDA. taxol, a taxane alkaloid, was isolated from Taxus brevifolia. Taxol is a highly cytotoxic compound active in several mouse antitumor assays. It was subsequently found to uniquely inhibit tubulin, a protein involved in mitosis. After clinical evaluation, it has become the drug of choice for treatment of ovarian cancer.
Expression of an Olfactory Receptor inEscherichiacoli:  Purification, Reconstitution, and Ligand Binding (1996)

An olfactory receptor has been expressed in bacterial cells as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). Overexpression of receptor protein yielding about 10% of the cell protein was achieved with mutants lacking the N-terminus and the first transmembrane region or with mutants carrying three positively charged residues in the first intracellular loop. The overexpressed fusion protein accumulated in inclusion bodies and could be solubilized in detergent. It was purified by metal chelation chromatography based on a C-terminal 6-histidine tag, and the GST portion was removed after proteolytic cleavage. The purified receptor was reconstituted into lipid vesicles and specific binding of odor ligands was shown by photoaffinity labeling and tryptophan fluorescence measurements. Thus, for the first time, an odorant receptor/ligand pair becomes available in large amounts for biophysical and screening studies.
A conceptual study of OFDM-based multiple access schemes : Part 1: Air interface requirements (1996)

The multimedia era has started. The migration of computer (packet oriented) and telephony (circuit switched) networks in combination with an explosive development of new services, creates a mass market for public broadband communication. There are no reasons foreseen why these kinds of services should not go mobile. Future customers will not treat a mobile access differently than a fixed access to the network. The different types of services together with the demand of broadband mobile communication requires a new air interface. Limitations in the existing systems (flexibility and bit-rate) gives that they are not serious competitirs.
Positron Emission Tomography to Elucidate Pharmacokinetic Differences of Regioisomeric Retinoid X Receptor Agonists (2015)

RXR partial agonist NEt-4IB (2a, 6-[ethyl-(4-isobutoxy-3-isopropylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid: EC50 = 169 nM, E max = 55%) showed a blood concentration higher than its E max after single oral administration at 30 mg/kg to mice, and repeated oral administration at 10 mg/kg/day to KK-A(y) mice afforded antitype 2 diabetes activity without the side effects caused by RXR full agonists. However, RXR full agonist NEt-3IB (1a), in which the isobutoxy and isopropyl groups of 2a are interchanged, gave a much lower blood concentration than 2a. Here we used positron emission tomography (PET) with tracers [(11)C]1a, [(11)C]2a and fluorinated derivatives [(18)F]1b, [(18)F]2b, which have longer half-lives, to examine the reason why 1a and 2a exhibited significantly different blood concentrations. As a result, the reason for the high blood concentration of 2a after oral administration was found to be linked to higher intestinal absorbability together with lower biliary excretion, compared with 1a.
Determination of serum cholesterol by near-infrared reflectance spectrometry (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of serum cholesterol by near-infrared reflectance spectrometryE. Peuchant, C. Salles, and R. JensenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 14, 1816–1819Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00141a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00141a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SiC-on-insulator on-chip photonic sensor in a radiative environment (2016)

Silicon carbide has a high refractive index, a large band gap, CMOS compatibility, and excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties, thus making it an ideal material for on-chip photonic sensors in hostile environments. We discuss the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a SiC-on-insulator photonic device for chemical sensing as well as the gamma-ray radiation effects on device performance and sensitivity. The SiC-on-insulator device demonstrates a quality factor of 18,000 at near IR wavelengths and maintains the high quality factor even after a high dose of gamma irradiation. The effect of gamma irradiation on N-methyaniline chemical sensitivity of the SiC-on-insulator sensor is studied.
Enhanced interleukin 6 production by cultured fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis in response to platelet derived growth factor. (1998)

PDGF stimulates IL-6 production by SSc fibroblasts. The enhanced IL-6 production in response to PDGF is due in part to autocrine IL-1 of SSc fibroblasts. These abnormalities of fibroblasts may play an important role in the inflammatory and immunological processes of SSc.
Predictors of Adverse Events in Patients After Discharge From the Intensive Care Unit (2008)

Taking, recording, and reporting vital signs are important. Nursing care requirements of patients at discharge from the intensive care unit may be worthy of further investigation in studies of patients after discharge.
Murine mucopolysaccharidosis type I: targeted disruption of the murine alpha-L-iduronidase gene (1997)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is considered to represent the prototypical mucopolysaccharide storage disorder. Although a spectrum of severity is seen within the MPS I subgroup, Hurler syndrome represents the most severe and frequent manifestation of MPS I. We describe here the generation of a murine model for Hurler syndrome by targeted disruption of the murine Idua gene. Homozygous Idua -/- mice have no detectable alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme activity and show increased urinary glycosaminoglycan levels. Although normal appearing at birth, Idua -/- mice develop a flattened facial profile and thickening of the digits discernible by 3 weeks of age. No obvious growth deficiency nor mortality is seen within the first 20 weeks of life. Radiographs reveal anterior flaring of the ribs and thickening of the facial bones as early as 4 weeks of age with more extensive dysostosis detectable by 15 weeks of age. At 4 weeks of age, lysosomal storage is noted primarily within reticuloendothelial cells with abundant lysosomes noted in Kupffer cells, splenic sinusoidal lining cells, and glial cells. More widespread lysosomal storage is noted by 8 weeks of age in hepatocytes, chondrocytes, neurons, as well as renal tubular cells. Thus, targeted disruption of the murine Idua locus has produced a murine strain representative of the severe form of MPS I. This model should permit detailed evaluation of the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders and provide a small animal model for the testing and development of enzyme replacement and gene therapy regimes.
Second-harmonic generation of blue light in a LiTaO3 waveguide (1991)

We report blue light generation in a LiTaO3 waveguide by quasi-phase-matched (QPM) second-harmonic generation (SHG). A periodically domain-inverted structure for QPM is fabricated in LiTaO3 by proton exchange of a selective Ta-masked area using pyrophosphoric acid followed by heat treatment. By utilizing this structure and low-loss proton-exhanged waveguides, we have realized a third-order QPM-SHG device. As a result, 0.13 mW of harmonic blue light was generated for a conversion efficiency of 18%/W.
<title>Property tailored perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) copolymers for optical devices</title> (2001)

Organic polymers are increasingly attractive alternatives to inorganic materials in telecommunication devices. Polymers offer flexibility, low cost fabrication and connection, high transparency in the visible and near-infrared spectra, and versatility in structure, properties, and grades for task specific integration such as local-area-network applications. Halogenated polymers in particular show negligible transmission losses in the range desired and fluoropolymers represent the lowest loss examples of organic polymers to date. However, commercial perfluoropolymers in general are limited by poor processability, non-trivial refractive index matching, and they typically do not exhibit the thermal and thermomechanical stability required for some commercial processes and extreme environment in-use applications. Our strategy has focused on the thermal cyclopolymerization of trifunctional and bifunctional aryl trifluorovinyl ether monomers to perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) copolymers. PFCB polymers and copolymers enjoy a unique combination of properties well suited for optical applications such as high temperature stability, precisely controlled refractive index, low moisture absorption, excellent melt and solution processability, a high thermooptic coefficient, and low transmission loss at 1300 and 1550 nm. Copolymerization reactions offer tailored thermal and optical properties by simple choice of comonomer. PFCB polymers can be solution or melt microfabricated via standard methods and can also be processed by soft-lithography techniques. Polymerization and processing parameters and characterization including thermal properties (Tg = 120-350 degree(s)C), optical loss (&lt; 0.2 db/cm at 1550 nm), refractive index tunability (1.449-1.508 at 1550 nm), low birefringence, and optical stability is presented.
Inhibition of bladder overactivity by stimulation of feline pudendal nerve using transdermal amplitude‐modulated signal (TAMS) (2011)

• TAMS stimulation targeting the cat pudendal nerve can inhibit C-fibre afferent-mediated bladder overactivity. • Thus, clinical research seems warranted to explore the usefulness of this technology for patients with overactive bladder symptoms.
Parallel algorithms for transient stability simulation on PC cluster (2003)

Parallel processing is a promising technology to obtain on-line dynamic security assessment and real time simulation of power system. Many kinds of parallel computers have been used to implement the present algorithms. With the advantages of low cost, upgradability and scalability, PC cluster is attracting more and more attentions for parallel processing. In this paper, several parallel algorithms for transient stability simulation are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms on a PC cluster are of special concern. The parallel processing technologies discussed in the paper include network partition, linear equation solution, Newton type algorithms and some parallel-in-time algorithms.
Parkinson’s disease and anxiety (2001)

There has been a recent surge of interest in the subject of anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease. Up to 40% of patients with Parkinson's disease experience clinically significant anxiety. This anxiety may be a psychological reaction to the stress of the illness or may be related to the neurochemical changes of the disease itself. Antiparkinsonian drugs may have a role in the pathogenesis of the anxiety. The anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease patients appear to be clustered in the panic disorder, phobic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder areas. The degree of comorbidity between anxiety and depression in patients with Parkinson's disease is in excess of that found in patients without the disease and anxiety in combination with depression may represent a specific depressive subtype in Parkinson's disease. As yet, there is no trial evidence as to the treatment of anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Precision machining of thin metal foils using a diode pumped solid state (DPSS) laser (1998)

Concern for the environment is an important issue in manufacturing, especially where chemical etching methods are used. A number of industries are looking for alternatives to either eliminate or reduce such potentially hazardous processes. Laser precision machining offers opportunities to replace these processes and in some cases improves the functionality and quality of the part. This paper presents our recent results on the cutting of thin metal foils using a diode pumped Nd: YAG laser, including the SEM characterization, feature quality, heat affected zone and tolerance evaluation using optical inspection techniques.
Activation of the NOTCH Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2013)

NOTCH1 mutations have been reported to occur in 10% to 15% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). To determine the significance of these mutations, we embarked upon a comprehensive study of NOTCH signaling in a cohort of 44 HNSCC tumors and 25 normal mucosal samples through a set of expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation analyses. Copy number increases were identified in NOTCH pathway genes, including the NOTCH ligand JAG1. Gene set analysis defined a differential expression of the NOTCH signaling pathway in HNSCC relative to normal tissues. Analysis of individual pathway-related genes revealed overexpression of ligands JAG1 and JAG2 and receptor NOTCH3. In 32% of the HNSCC examined, activation of the downstream NOTCH effectors HES1/HEY1 was documented. Notably, exomic sequencing identified 5 novel inactivating NOTCH1 mutations in 4 of the 37 tumors analyzed, with none of these tumors exhibiting HES1/HEY1 overexpression. Our results revealed a bimodal pattern of NOTCH pathway alterations in HNSCC, with a smaller subset exhibiting inactivating NOTCH1 receptor mutations but a larger subset exhibiting other NOTCH1 pathway alterations, including increases in expression or gene copy number of the receptor or ligands as well as downstream pathway activation. Our results imply that therapies that target the NOTCH pathway may be more widely suitable for HNSCC treatment than appreciated currently.
Neuromorphology and Neuropharmacology of the Human Penis (1980)

The neuromorphology and neuropharmacology of the human penis are only briefly described in literature. The present study was undertaken to define the adrenergic and cholinergic neuromorphology of the human corpus cavernosum (CC) and corpus spongiosum and to evaluate the in vitro response of the CC to pharmacologic stimulation. Human penile tissue was obtained from six transsexual patients undergoing penectomy. For morphologic study, the tissue was processed for (a) hematoxylin and eosin staining; (b) smooth muscle staining; (c) acetylcholinesterase localization; (d) glyoxylic acid histofluorescence; (e) electron microscopy; and (f) electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde dichromate fixation. In addition, strips of CC were placed in in vitro muscle chambers and tension changes recorded isometrically after stimulation with norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine. The CC contains abundant smooth muscle, numerous glyoxylic acidfluorescent (catecholaminergic) fibers and varicosities, and a scant distribution of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers. Fewer of all these elements were present in the corpus spongiosum. No "polsters" were observed in the CC. Although glutaraldehyde-fixed controls exhibited no typical adrenergic vesicles (small, dense core, measuring 400-600 A in diameter), some small, strongly electron-dense vesicles were found in glutaraldehyde dichromate-fixed tissue and were thought to contain NE. A variety of other vesicles were also encountered. The addition of NE to the in vitro muscle chambers caused a dose-related contraction, which was blocked by pretreatment with phentolamine in all CC strips tested. Acetylcholine in high concentration produced minimal contraction in 2 of 24 strips. Our morphologic and pharmacologic data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system may affect erection by acting not only on the penile vasculature but also by direct action on the smooth muscle of the CC itself.
AutoCollage (2006)

The paper defines an automatic procedure for constructing a visually appealing collage from a collection of input images. The aim is that the resulting collage should be representative of the collection, summarising its main themes. It is also assembled largely seamlessly, using graph-cut, Poisson blending of alpha-masks, to hide the joins between input images. This paper makes several new contributions. Firstly, we show how energy terms can be included that: encourage the selection of a representative set of images; that are sensitive to particular object classes; that encourage a spatially efficient and seamless layout. Secondly the resulting optimization poses a search problem that, on the face of it, is computationally in-feasible. Rather than attempt an expensive, integrated optimization procedure, we have developed a sequence of optimization steps, from static ranking of images, through region of interest optimization, optimal packing by constraint satisfaction, and lastly graph-cut alpha-expansion. To illustrate the power of AutoCollage, we have used it to create collages of many home photo sets; we also conducted a user study in which AutoCollage outperformed competitive methods.
Human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein (gp120) induction of monocyte arachidonic acid metabolites and interleukin 1. (1989)

This study reports on the direct effect of the envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on human monocyte function. Addition of preparations of purified gp120 from the HIV-1 to human monocytes resulted in the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and arachidonic acid metabolites from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Quantification of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-1 revealed an increase in both mediators with 50 ng of gp120 per ml and an increase of 12- and 30- to 40-fold with 200-400 ng of gp120 per ml, respectively. Unlike native gp120, the recombinant nonglycosylated gp120 fragments PB1-RF and PB1-IIIB, as well as one of the core structural proteins of HIV-1, p24, did not increase arachidonic acid metabolism or IL-1 activity. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that gp120 blocked the binding of OKT4A to the CD4 on monocytes, whereas OKT4 binding was unaffected. Involvement of the CD4 in signal transduction was further demonstrated by the ability of OKT4 and OKT4A monoclonal antibodies to increase monocyte PGE2, IL-1 activity, and nanogram amounts of IL-1 beta.
<title>Impact of new multimedia representations on hardware and software systems</title> (1997)

The generation of video and audio coding methods to follow the present, pioneering generation have not yet been standardized, but it is possible to predict many of their characteristics. I discuss these, with particular reference to their impact on the design of software and hardware systems for multimedia.
The effect of a single oral dose of azithromycin on chlamydial infertility and oviduct ultrastructure in mice (1994)

Azithromycin has been recommended for the treatment of human chlamydial genital tract infections because of the sustained, chlamydicidal levels of the antibiotic which can be achieved after a single dose. The effect of single dose azithromycin on the prevention or reversal of chlamydial-induced damage to the oviduct or to fertility was assessed in a mouse model of chlamydial salpingitis which closely mimics the human disease. C3H mice were treated with progesterone and then inoculated under the ovarian bursa with a human genital tract isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis, serovar F. Azithromycin at doses from 135-250 mg/kg was administered by oral intubation. Morphological damage to the oviduct lumen was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, while fertility was assessed by breeding experiments. Treatment of mice two or seven days after infection with 135 mg/kg azithromycin completely reversed chlamydial-induced ultrastructural changes and infertility. Treatment 12 or more days after infection, at doses as high as 250 mg/kg, failed to prevent infertility. The onset of fertility correlated with the loss of ciliated epithelia from the oviduct. However, the regeneration of ciliated epithelia following azithromycin treatment did not necessarily restore tubal patency. These results, if true for women also, indicate the need for rapid, effective antibiotic therapy for chlamydial salpingitis to prevent infertility and other sequelae of tubal damage.
Identification of pharmacological chaperones as potential therapeutic agents to treat phenylketonuria (2008)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Over 500 disease-causing mutations have been identified in humans, most of which result in PAH protein misfolding and increased turnover in vivo. The use of pharmacological chaperones to stabilize or promote correct folding of mutant proteins represents a promising new direction in the treatment of misfolding diseases. We performed a high-throughput ligand screen of over 1,000 pharmacological agents and identified 4 compounds (I-IV) that enhanced the thermal stability of PAH and did not show substantial inhibition of PAH activity. In further studies, compounds III (3-amino-2-benzyl-7-nitro-4-(2-quinolyl)-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-1-one) and IV (5,6-dimethyl-3-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one) stabilized the functional tetrameric conformation of recombinant WT-PAH and PKU mutants. These compounds also significantly increased activity and steady-state PAH protein levels in cells transiently transfected with either WT-PAH or PKU mutants. Furthermore, PAH activity in mouse liver increased after a 12-day oral administration of low doses of compounds III and IV. Thus, we have identified 2 small molecules that may represent promising alternatives in the treatment of PKU.