gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZACION NO LINEAL CON TERMINOS NO CONVEXOS ESPECIALES (2002)

The D96N mutant form of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) purple membrane fragments isolated from Halobacterium salinarium has been entrapped in sol-gel glass and dried. The photo-activity of the bR was monitored during drying over a period of 60 days. The entrapped bR was initially dried at 4 degrees C followed by room temperature storage. Samples showing constant activity after storage at 4 degrees C lost further activity at room temperature, eventually reaching a level where the activity remained constant. Upon further drying at 100 degrees in a vacuum oven the glass lost an additional 11.4 +/- 1.3% weight and all remaining activity.
Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials: recent progress in synthesis and applications (2014)

Recent progress in the synthesis and applications of zeolitic imidazolate framework materials is presented in this review.
Strain Improvement of Recombinant Escherichia coli for Efficient Production of Plant Flavonoids (2008)

Plant flavonoid polyphenols continue to find increasing pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications; however their isolation, especially of pure compounds, from plant material remains an underlying challenge. In the past Escherichia coli, one of the most well-characterized microorganisms, has been utilized as a recombinant host for protein expression and heterologous biosynthesis of small molecules. However, in many cases the expressed protein activities and biosynthetic efficiency are greatly limited by the host cellular properties, such as precursor and cofactor availability and protein or product tolerance. In the present work, we developed E. coli strains capable of high-level flavonoid synthesis through traditional metabolic engineering techniques. In addition to grafting the plant biosynthetic pathways, the methods included engineering of an alternative carbon assimilation pathway and the inhibition of competitive reaction pathways in order to increase intracellular flavonoid backbone precursors and cofactors. With this strategy, we report the production of plant-specific flavanones up to 700 mg/L and anthocyanins up to 113 mg/L from phenylpropanoic acid and flavan-3-ol precursors, respectively. These results demonstrated the efficient and scalable production of plant flavonoids from E. coli for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Dna2 Helicase/Nuclease Causes Replicative Fork Stalling and Double-strand Breaks in the Ribosomal DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

We have proposed that faulty processing of arrested replication forks leads to increases in recombination and chromosome instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and contributes to the shortened lifespan of dna2 mutants. Now we use the ribosomal DNA locus, which is a good model for all stages of DNA replication, to test this hypothesis. We show directly that DNA replication pausing at the ribosomal DNA replication fork barrier (RFB) is accompanied by the occurrence of double-strand breaks near the RFB. Both pausing and breakage are elevated in the early aging, hypomorphic dna2-2 helicase mutant. Deletion of FOB1, encoding the fork barrier protein, suppresses the elevated pausing and DSB formation, and represses initiation at rDNA ARSs. The dna2-2 mutation is synthetically lethal with deltarrm3, encoding another DNA helicase involved in rDNA replication. It does not appear to be the case that the rDNA is the only determinant of genome stability during the yeast lifespan however since strains carrying deletion of all chromosomal rDNA but with all rDNA supplied on a plasmid, have decreased rather than increased lifespan. We conclude that the replication-associated defects that we can measure in the rDNA are symbolic of similar events occurring either stochastically throughout the genome or at other regions where replication forks move slowly or stall, such as telomeres, centromeres, or replication slow zones.
Synthesis of novel quinazolinone and fused quinazolinones (2011)

A number of novel quinazolinone derivatives have been synthesized using the readily obtainable 2-[(1 Z ,3 E )-1-benzamido-4-phenyl-1,3-butadien-1-yl]-3,1-benzoxazin-4( H )one ( 1 ) via the reaction with different nitrogen nucleophiles such as azines, Schiff’s base, primary aromatic amines, diamines, hydrazine hydrate and hydroxylamine.
Field‐Grown Tomato Response to Carbonated Water Application (1991)

Abstract Direct release of CO 2 gas to achieve a cost‐effective method of atmospheric CO 2 enrichment has not been proven feasible under field conditions. We hypothesized that greater efficiency of application would occur by applying CO 2 via carbonated water and that application would also result in beneficial modifications of the soil environment. Our objectives were to evaluate crop, soil, and atmospheric CO 2 responses to application of carbonated water under pressure through a drip irrigation system. Studies were conducted under mulched and unmulched conditions in 1988 using tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In 1989, carbonated water was applied at approximately 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐d intervals to determine the effect of irrigation frequency. In 1988, a positive yield response of 9% was obtained in the presence of mulch. No response was observed in open beds. Fruit yields were increased at all three irrigation frequencies in 1989, with increases in fresh‐market and total fruit yields averaging 16.4 and 15.9%, respectively. Atmospheric enrichment was observed during carbonated water application, but residual enrichment between irrigations was difficult to detect. Significant increase in soil‐air CO 2 from carbonated water application was noted throughout the intervals between successive irrigation events. Carbonated water application also decreased soil pH for periods of up to 5 d after irrigation and increased apparent uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and B. Based on the limited duration of enrichment relative to the entire growing season for any of the carbonated water treatments, the yield responses observed could not be attributed solely to atmospheric enrichment. Thus, we conclude that yield increases resulted from the combined effects of limited atmospheric CO 2 enrichment and soil environment modifications leading to improved nutrient uptake.
Property as the Keystone Right (1996)

The collapse of socialist regimes has revived an interest in property rights allover the world, as once-statist nations consider privatization as a route to commercial and economic revitalization. Even here in the property-conscious United States, constitutional property rights have become a subject of renewed popular and political interest. But property rights have a somewhat uneasy place in a constitutional ordering. There are of course substantial libertarian arguments for property rights as an element of personal autonomy, but on the whole, the post-socialist enthusiasm for property seems to have been overwhelmingly economic: the allure of property is that it enhances wealth, both personal and social. Constitutions, on the other hand, are concerned classically and fundamentally with political ordering. While property is often included among constitutionally protected rights, it seems less central to the political core of constitutional government than the rights most critical to self-governance—primarily voting, speech, and assembly. On the other hand, property's central role in economic (or "merely economic") ordering would seem to be peripheral to the political order, or to the individual rights that support democratic governance.
Visual interpretability for deep learning: a survey (2018)

This paper reviews recent studies in understanding neural-network representations and learning neural networks with interpretable/disentangled middle-layer representations. Although deep neural networks have exhibited superior performance in various tasks, interpretability is always Achilles’ heel of deep neural networks. At present, deep neural networks obtain high discrimination power at the cost of a low interpretability of their black-box representations. We believe that high model interpretability may help people break several bottlenecks of deep learning, e.g., learning from a few annotations, learning via human–computer communications at the semantic level, and semantically debugging network representations. We focus on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and revisit the visualization of CNN representations, methods of diagnosing representations of pre-trained CNNs, approaches for disentangling pre-trained CNN representations, learning of CNNs with disentangled representations, and middle-to-end learning based on model interpretability. Finally, we discuss prospective trends in explainable artificial intelligence.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Properties of Uniform-sized MnO Nanospheres and Nanorods (2004)

Uniform-sized MnO nanospheres and nanorods were fabricated by the thermal decomposition of Mn−surfactant complexes. The particle sizes of the nanospheres were varied from 5 to 40 nm by changing the surfactant. The shape of the particles could be controlled by varying the experimental conditions. The synthesized MnO nanorods have diameters ranging from 7 to 10 nm, and lengths ranging from 30 to 140 nm. Structural characterization using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles are core/shell structures with a MnO core and a thin Mn3O4 shell. The MnO nanoparticles exhibited very interesting magnetic properties. For example, the MnO nanorods with dimensions of 7 nm × 33 nm showed two blocking temperatures at 35 and 280 K, respectively.
Telomere Length of Circulating Leukocyte Subpopulations and Buccal Cells in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure and Their Offspring (2011)

Reduced leukocyte TL in offspring of IHF subjects suggests a potential causal link of TL in ischemic heart disease. However, this causality is unlikely to originate from exhaustion of TL in CD34+ progenitor or MNC cells as their lengths are not well captured by overall leukocyte TL. Additionally, we found strong correlations between parent and offspring TL in all examined cell types, suggesting high heritability of TL among cell types.
Compiler-Managed Software-based Redundant Multi-Threading for Transient Fault Detection (2007)

As transistors become increasingly smaller and faster with tighter noise margins, modern processors are becoming increasingly more susceptible to transient hardware faults. Existing hardware-based redundant multi-threading (HRMT) approaches rely mostly on special-purpose hardware to replicate the program into redundant execution threads and compare their computation results. In this paper, we present a software-based redundant multi-threading (SRMT) approach for transient fault detection. Our SRMT technique uses compiler to automatically generate redundant threads so they can run on general-purpose chip multi-processors (CMPs). We exploit high-level program information available at compile time to optimize data communication between redundant threads. Furthermore, our software-based technique provides flexible program execution environment where the legacy binary codes and the reliability-enhanced codes can co-exist in a mix-and-match fashion, depending on the desired level of reliability and software compatibility. Our experimental results show that compiler analysis and optimization techniques can reduce data communication requirement by up to 88% of HRMT. With general-purpose intra-chip communication mechanisms in CMP machine, SRMT overhead can be as low as 19%. Moreover, SRMT technique achieves error coverage rates of 99.98% and 99.6% for SPEC CPU2000 integer and floating-point benchmarks, respectively. These results demonstrate the competitiveness of SRMT to HRMT approaches
How Close Is Close: 16S rRNA Sequence Identity May Not Be Sufficient To Guarantee Species Identity (1992)

16S rRNA (genes coding for rRNA) sequence comparisons were conducted with the following three psychrophilic strains: Bacillus globisporus W25T (T = type strain) and Bacillus psychrophilus W16AT, and W5. These strains exhibited more than 99.5% sequence identity and within experimental uncertainty could be regarded as identical. Their close taxonomic relationship was further documented by phenotypic similarities. In contrast, previously published DNA-DNA hybridization results have convincingly established that these strains do not belong to the same species if current standards are used. These results emphasize the important point that effective identity of 16S rRNA sequences is not necessarily a sufficient criterion to guarantee species identity. Thus, although 16S rRNA sequences can be used routinely to distinguish and establish relationships between genera and well-resolved species, very recently diverged species may not be recognizable.
Automatically generating object models from natural language analysis (2002)

Our goal is to enable rapid production of static and dynamic object models from natural language description of problems. Rapid modeling is achieved through automation of analysis tasks. This automation captures the cognitive schemes analysts use to build their models of the world through the use of a precise methodology. The methodology is based on the use of proposed technique called role posets, and a semi-natural language (called 4W). Original problem statements are automatically translated to 4W language. The produced sentences then, are analyzed with role posets to produce static model views. Finally the 4W sentences are used to generate dynamic views of the problem. This set of methods maximizes analysis process agility, promotes reusability and constitutes a valuable tool in the learning process of object thinking.
Stabilization of a Fibronectin Type III Domain by the Removal of Unfavorable Electrostatic Interactions on the Protein Surface (2001)

It is generally considered that electrostatic interactions on the protein surface, such as ion pairs, contribute little to protein stability, although they may play important roles in conformational specificity. We found that the tenth fibronectin type III domain of human fibronectin (FNfn10) is more stable at acidic pH than neutral pH, with an apparent midpoint of transition near pH 4. Determination of pK(a)'s for all the side chain carboxyl groups of Asp and Glu residues revealed that Asp 23 and Glu 9 have an upshifted pK(a). These residues and Asp 7 form a negatively charged patch on the surface of FNfn10, with Asp 7 centrally located between Asp 23 and Glu 9, suggesting repulsive electrostatic interactions among these residues at neutral pH. Mutant proteins, D7N and D7K, in which Asp 7 was replaced with Asn and Lys, respectively, exhibited a modest but significant increase in stability at neutral pH, compared to the wild type, and they no longer showed pH dependence of stability. The pK(a)'s of Asp 23 and Glu 9 in these mutant proteins shifted closer to their respective unperturbed values, indicating that the unfavorable electrostatic interactions have been reduced in the mutant proteins. Interestingly, the wild-type and mutant proteins were all stabilized to a similar degree by the addition of 1 M sodium chloride at both neutral and acidic pH, suggesting that the repulsive interactions between the carboxyl groups cannot be effectively shielded by 1 M sodium chloride. These results indicate that repulsive interactions between like charges on the protein surface can destabilize a protein, and protein stability can be significantly improved by relieving these interactions.
A flexible access control service for Java mobile code (2002)

Mobile code (MC) technologies provide appealing solutions for the development of Internet applications. For instance, Java technology facilitates dynamic loading of application code from remote servers on to heterogeneous clients distributed all over the Internet. However, executing foreign code that has been loaded from the network raises significant security concerns which limit the diffusion of these technologies. Substantial work has already been done to provide security solutions for protecting both hosting nodes and MC. For example, the Java security architecture evolved from a rigid sandbox model to a more flexible solution where downloaded code can perform any kind of operation, depending on its source location and signature. However, the most widespread security solutions for MC platforms today do not support the sophisticated security policies required in modern inter-organisational environments. This requires expressive languages to specify the policy and flexible mechanisms for policy implementation which cater for code mobility. This paper shows how access control policies for MC-based applications can be specified in a concise and declarative language called Ponder, and how these policies can be implemented within the Java security architecture.
High Pressure DTA Study on the Phase Behaviours in Some Selected Plastic and Liquid Crystals (1992)

Article High Pressure DTA Study on the Phase Behaviours in Some Selected Plastic and Liquid Crystals was published on February 1, 1992 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 177, issue 2).
A synaptic basis for memory storage in the cerebral cortex (1996)

A cardinal feature of neurons in the cerebral cortex is stimulus selectivity, and experience-dependent shifts in selectivity are a common correlate of memory formation. We have used a theoretical "learning rule," devised to account for experience-dependent shifts in neuronal selectivity, to guide experiments on the elementary mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus and neocortex. These experiments reveal that many synapses in hippocampus and neocortex are bidirectionally modifiable, that the modifications persist long enough to contribute to long-term memory storage, and that key variables governing the sign of synaptic plasticity are the amount of NMDA receptor activation and the recent history of cortical activity.
PDA Web Browsers: Implementation Issues (1995)

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are not currently used as Web browsers. However, their portability and personal nature offer significant advantages over other environments. By directly addressing the perceived disadvantages of PDAs, we demonstrate that effective Web browsers can be developed using current technology. Keywords: PDA;WWW;Web; personal environment; overview; folding; StretchText; byte-range; HTML 1 Introduction Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) such as the Apple Newton are becoming increasingly popular for mobile computing. At the same time, the popularity of the World-Wide Web [BLCL + 94]is also growing rapidly. At present, most PDAs are isolated from the rest of the world. However, as increasing numbers of people want mobile Internet access, natural progression suggests that World Wide Web clients will be developed for PDAs. Apart from their obvious advantage of being portable, pen-based (or pen-supplemented) interfaces offer considerable advantages over any other...
Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Left Ventricular Size and Function in Chronic Heart Failure (2003)

CRT in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure who were treated with optimal medical therapy is associated with reverse LV remodeling, improved systolic and diastolic function, and decreased MR. LV remodeling likely contributes to the symptomatic benefits of CRT and may herald improved longer-term survival.
Regulation of cyclin E and p27kip during mitosis in BALB/c 3T3 cells. (1995)

We have examined the level of cyclin E, a G1 cyclin, and p27kip, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in BALB/c 3T3 cells. Cell populations stimulated to undergo cell cycle traverse displayed little change in the level of cyclin E, while p27kip was found to be reduced 50-80% in proliferating cells. Analysis of mitotic cells, however, revealed that cyclin E is virtually absent and begins to reaccumulate soon after mitosis is complete, as does p27kip. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that p27kip is associated with cyclin E in quiescent but not proliferating cells, indicating that it may function to prevent development of cyclin E activity in the absence of growth factors. Based on our characterization of cyclin E and p27kip in BALB/c 3T3 cells during progression of the cell cycle, we propose a model of growth regulation controlling the G1 phase of growing and quiescent cells involving mitotic degradation of cyclin E and recovery of p27kip inhibitory activity in a late or postmitotic interval.
Specificity of mismatch repair following transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with heteroduplex plasmid DNA. (1989)

A method is described for genetic detection of mismatch repair products following transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The method is based on the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in clonal derivatives of cells transformed with heteroduplex plasmid DNA. Heteroduplex plasmid substrates were constructed by insertion of an oligonucleotide heteroduplex into the coding sequence of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. The plasmid and oligonucleotides were designed so that one strand of the construct would code for a functional beta-galactosidase and the other strand would contain an in-frame nonsense codon. The frequencies of transformed clones containing only Lac+ cells, only Lac- cells, or a mixture of the two Lac phenotypes provided information on the efficiency of the repair reaction. With this method, plasmids carrying single-base substitution mismatches, a single-base frameshift mismatch (T/delta), or a 3-base-pair substitution mismatch (TGA/GAA) were tested. A/C, G/T, G/A, G/G, and T/delta mismatches were repaired with significantly greater efficiencies than C/C, A/A, T/T, and TGA/GAA. T/C was repaired with an intermediate efficiency. The frequencies of products obtained with G/G, G/A, and T/delta mismatches suggested modest inequality of repair in the two possible directions. Strains carrying the repair-deficient pms1-1 mutation were also tested. The efficiencies of repair of A/C, G/T, G/G, and A/A mismatches were reduced in pms1-1 cells compared with wild-type cells. In addition, a change in repair inequality was detected when transformation of the two strains with an A/C mismatch was compared.
Time-frequency spread OFDM/FHMA (2004)

A combined scheme based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and frequency-hopped multiple access (OFDM/FHMA) is proposed, in which the transmitted data is spread over both the time and frequency axes without expanding the bandwidth. The OFDM system advocated employs the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) for spreading the data in the frequency domain and weights the received signal by the estimated signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for the sake of reducing the effects of interference. The performance recorded, when communicating over an interference-limited channel suggests that the achievable BER improvement is as much an order of magnitude to that of an OFDM/FHMA scheme dispensing with WHT.
CAMERA STABILIZATION BASED ON 2.5D MOTION ESTIMATION AND INERTIAL MOTION FILTERING (1998)

This paper presents a novel approach to stabilize video sequences digitally. A 2.5D inter-frame motion model is proposed so that the stabilization system can work in situations where significant depth changes are present and the camera has both rotational and translational movements. An inertial model for motion filtering is proposed in order to eliminate the vibration of the video sequences and to achieve good perceptual properties. The implementation of this new approach integrates four modules: pyramid-based motion detection, motion identification and 2.5D motion parameter estimation, inertial motion filtering, and affine-based motion compensation. The stabilization system can smooth unwanted vibrations of video sequences in real-time. We test the system on IBM PC compatible machines and the experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms many algorithms that require parallel pipeline image processing machines.