gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for Extraction and Separation by Solid Phase Extraction of Neutral Lipid, Free Fatty Acids, and Polar Lipid from Mixed Microbial Cultures (1997)

A method using solvent extraction followed by selective elution from aminopropyl bonded phase columns has been developed for the separation of lipid classes in mixed microbial cultures. Lipid extraction in heptane/2-propanol (1:4 v/v) of culture solids (pelleted by centrifugation) was in excess of 95% of total lipid in cultures with no lipid in the liquid portion of the culture. Lipid classes were separated from extracts using modifications of an existing procedure using aminopropyl bonded phase columns. Single lipid classes were verified by thin layer chromatography with comparison to known standards. Quantification of fatty acids in individual fractions was by gas−liquid chromatography and resulted in excess of 95% recovery of fatty acids from a standard lipid mixture. Keywords: Rumen; triglycerides; fatty acids; solid phase extraction
Capillary blood sampling: How much pain is necessary?. Part 3: Pricking the finger can be less painful (1995)

Abstract A new lancing device (Softclix®) with an adjustable penetration depth was compared to the Glucolet® which had proven to be the least painful device in an earlier study 1 . At the lowest depth setting for obtaining just enough blood for a glucose test (⩽20μl), the new device was significantly less painful. This is mainly due to the fact that the Glucolet® lacks low and intermediate depth settings.
A tablet-based 3D interaction tool for virtual engineering environments (2013)

Three-dimensional computer-aided design (3D CAD) modeling and reviewing is one of the most common engineering project tools. Interaction in these environments is characterized by the need for a high precision level to execute specific tasks. Generally this kind of task uses specific interaction devices with 4 or more degrees of freedom, such as 3D mice. Currently applications involving 3D interaction use interaction devices for object modeling or for the implementation of navigation, selection and manipulation techniques in a virtual environment. A related problem is the need to control naturally non-immersive tasks, such as symbolic input (e.g., text, photos). In addition, the steep learning curve to handle such non-conventional devices is a recurring problem. The addition of sensors and the popularization of smart-phones and tablets, allowed the use of such devices in virtual engineering environments. These devices, differs to other devices by the possibility of including additional information and performing naturally non-immersive tasks.
Prostaglandin E2 Induces FOXP3 Gene Expression and T Regulatory Cell Function in Human CD4+ T Cells (2005)

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg) are pivotal in suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance. The identification of molecules controlling T reg differentiation and function is important in understanding host immune responses in malignancy and autoimmunity. In this study we show that PGE2 enhances the in vitro inhibitory function of human purified CD4+CD25+ T reg cells. Moreover, PGE2 induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+CD25- T cells. PGE2-treated T cell-mediated inhibition of anti-CD3-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation did not require cell contact. Phenotypic analysis revealed that PGE2 diminished CD25 expression in both CD4+CD25dim T cells and CD4+CD25bright T reg cells. PGE2 exposure induced the T reg cell-specific transcription factor forkhead/winged helix transcription factor gene (FOXP3) in CD4+CD25- T cells and significantly up-regulated its expression in CD4+CD25+ T reg cells. Similarly, 24-h incubation with supernatants from cyclooxygenase-2-overexpressing lung cancer cells that secrete high levels of PGE2 significantly induced FOXP3 in CD4+CD25- T cells. Finally, PGE2 up-regulated FOXP3 at both mRNA and protein levels and enhanced FOXP3 promoter activity. This is the first report indicating that PGE2 can modulate FOXP3 expression and T reg function in human lymphocytes.
Activated lck tyrosine protein kinase stimulates antigen-independent interleukin-2 production in T cells. (1992)

p56lck, a member of the src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is expressed predominantly in T cells where it associates with the T-cell surface molecules CD4 and CD8. Mutants of CD4 and CD8 that have lost the ability to associate with p56lck no longer enhance antigen-induced T-cell activation. This suggests that p56lck plays an important role during T-cell activation. In an effort to understand the function of p56lck in T cells, a constitutively activated lck gene (F505lck) was introduced into T-helper hybridoma cell lines by retroviral infection. In four T-cell lines we examined, the activated lck protein stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, a hallmark of T-cell activation, in the absence of antigenic stimulation. In addition, a marked increase in antigen-independent IL-2 production was apparent when T cells infected with a temperature-sensitive F505lck were shifted to the permissive temperature. Only one cell line expressing F505lck exhibited increased sensitivity to antigenic stimulation. The SH3 domain of p56lck was dispensable for the induction of antigen-independent IL-2 production. In contrast, deletion of the majority of the SH2 domain of p56F505lck reduced its ability to induce spontaneous IL-2 production markedly. Activated p60c-src also induced antigen-independent IL-2 production, whereas two other tyrosine kinases, v-abl and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, did not. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 70-kDa cellular protein was observed after cross-linking of CD4 in T cells expressing F505lck but not in cells expressing F527src.
Fabrication and photoluminescence of ordered GaN nanowire arrays (2001)

Large-scale of crystalline GaN nanowires (diameter∼50 nm) have been fabricated through chemical-vapor deposition in the nanochannels of the anodic alumina template. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction pattern investigations indicate that the nanowires are single crystal with hexagonal wurtzite structure. A typical scanning electron microscopy image and the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results indicate that indium nanoparticles only act as catalyst in GaN nanowires growth. At room temperature, photoluminescence spectrum of the GaN nanowire arrays shows a visible broadband with three peaks, which are located at about 363, 442, and 544 nm. The light emission may be attributed to GaN band-edge emission, the existence of defects or surface states, and the interaction between the ordered GaN nanowires and anodic alumina membrane. The growth mechanism of crystalline GaN nanowires is discussed. The method makes it possible to synthesize other nitride nanowire arrays.
Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in Immunocompromised Hosts (2005)

The most important species of Cryptosporidium in humans, C. parvum and C. hominis, cause severe and chronic life-threatening gastroenteritis in immunocompromised patients. Despite a certain efficacy shown by passive immunotherapy or by some chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. paromomycin and nitazoxanide), no significant benefit has been demonstrated. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drastically reduces the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection. This result seems to be due to aspartyl protease inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus included in HAART, which directly interfere with the life cycle of the parasite. The identification of the C. parvum proteases involved in the host-cell interaction could lead to new therapeutic approaches using specific parasite protease inhibitors in immunocompromised persons.
Bismuth dimercaptopropanol (BisBAL) inhibits the expression of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins by Brevundimonas diminuta: Implications for membrane microfiltration (2007)

A 2:1 molar ratio preparation of bismuth with a lipophilic dithiol (3-dimercapto-1-propanol, BAL) significantly reduced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) expression by Brevundimonas diminuta in suspended cultures at levels just below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Total polysaccharides and proteins secreted by B. diminuta decreased by approximately 95% over a 5-day period when exposed to the bismuth-BAL chelate (BisBAL) at near MIC (12 microM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that a possible mechanism of biofilm disruption by BisBAL is the inhibition of carbohydrate O-acetylation. FTIR also revealed extensive homology between EPS samples with and without BisBAL treatment, with proteins, polysaccharides, and peptides varying predominantly only in the amount expressed. EPS secretion decreased following BisBAL treatment as verified by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Without BisBAL treatment, a slime-like EPS matrix secreted by B. diminuta resulted in biofouling and inefficient hydrodynamic backwashing of microfiltration membranes.
Spatial Degrees of Freedom of Large Distributed MIMO Systems and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2013)

We consider a large distributed MIMO system where wireless users with single transmit and receive antenna cooperate in clusters to form distributed transmit and receive antenna arrays. We characterize how the capacity of the distributed MIMO transmission scales with the number of cooperating users, the area of the clusters and the separation between them, in a line-of-sight propagation environment. We use this result to answer the following question: can distributed MIMO provide significant capacity gain over traditional multi-hop in large ad hoc networks with n source-destination pairs randomly distributed over an area A? Two diametrically opposite answers [24] and [26] have emerged in the current literature. We show that neither of these two results are universal and their validity depends on V the relation between the number of users n and √A/λ, which we identify as the spatial degrees of freedom in the network. λ is the carrier wavelength. When √A/λ ≥ n, there are n degrees of freedom in the network and distributed MIMO with hierarchical cooperation can achieve a capacity scaling linearly in n as in [24], while capacity of multihop scales only as √n. On the other hand, when √A/λ ≤ √n as in [26], there are only √n degrees of freedom in the network and they can be readily achieved by multihop. Our results also reveal a third regime where √n ≤ √A/λ ≤ n. Here, the number of degrees of freedom are smaller than n but larger than what can be achieved by multi-hop. We construct scaling optimal architectures for this intermediate regime.
CD34+++ Stem/Progenitor Cells Purified from Cryopreserved Normal Cord Blood can be Transduced with High Efficiency by a Retroviral Vector and Expanded Ex Vivo with Stable Integration and Expression of Fanconi Anemia Complementation C Gene (1995)

A future possibility for treatment of genetic diseases may be gene therapy using autologous cord blood (CB) stem/progenitor cells. This might require cryopreservation of CB stem/progenitor cells prior to purification, gene transduction, and ex vivo expansion of cells. To address this possibility, nonadherent low density T-lymphocyte depleted (NALT-) cells from fresh or cryopreserved cord blood were sorted for CD34+++ phenotype, transduced with a recombinant retroviral vector encoding Fanconi anemia complementation C (FACC) gene, and cells expanded ex vivo in suspension culture for 7 days with growth factors. The results demonstrate: 1) high recovery of viable cells after thawing; 2) high efficiency purification of CD34+++ cells from NALT- cells prior to and after cryopreservation; 3) high degree of expansion of nucleated cells and immature progenitors from CD34+++ cells before and after cryopreservation; 4) efficient transduction with stable integration and expression of newly introduced genes in cryopreserved and then sorted stem/progenitor cells, as detected prior to and after ex vivo expansion; and 5) high efficiency transduction of single isolated CD34+++ cells obtained from cryopreserved NALT- CB. This information should be of value for future studies evaluating the use of cryopreserved cord blood for gene transfer/gene therapy.
Targeting widespread sites of damage in dystrophic muscle: engrafted macrophages as potential shuttles. (1996)

Inherited muscle diseases are characterized by widespread muscle damage in the body. This limits the clinical relevance of cell or gene therapy based upon direct injections into muscles. One way to circumvent this obstacle would be to use circulating cells, capable of homing naturally to the sites of lesion, to deliver therapeutic substances. Certain muscular dystrophies present successive cycles of degeneration-regeneration. These sporadic necrotic lesions trigger local inflammations with subsequent infiltration of blood-borne mononuclear cells. We have, therefore, tested the possibility that homing monocytes and macrophages could be appropriate shuttles for delivering a therapeutic agent to disseminated pathogenic sites, their targeting being triggered by the pathogeny itself. First, fluorescently labeled immortalized monocytes were intravenously injected into mice which had previously undergone freeze-damaging of individual muscles. In agreement with our hypothesis, intense labelling was observed in the muscle, specifically in damaged regions. Second, the technique was adapted to meet the needs of chronic diseases with characteristic continuous, widespread degeneration of muscle fibers, by creating a reservoir of genetically engineered monocytes, via bone marrow transplantation. Mdx mice received bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing the lacZ reporter gene, under the control of the vimentin promoter, which is active in monocytes and macrophages. Histological and molecular analyses demonstrated the homing of engineered macrophages at the sites of muscle damage, for periods as long as 2 months. Bone marrow progenitor cells, appropriately engineered to elicit the synthesis, in macrophages, of therapeutically relevant substances, may be of clinical value in various pathologies involving an inflammatory phase.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOPHENE AS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS. PART 3. HIENYLPYRAZOLONES (1980)

Abstract In Analogie zu Phenazon (VII), Aminophenazon (VIII) und Propyphenazon (IX) werden auf dem beschriebenen Weg die Thienylpyrazolone (Ib), (III) und (VI) synthetisiert.
ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI: hormonal regulation in primary rat hepatocytes and human cell lines. (2007)

Our results illustrates that insulin and glucocorticoids, two hormones crucial in the carbohydrate metabolism, also play an important role in the regulation of genes central in reverse cholesterol transport. We found a marked difference in mRNA expression between the primary cells and the two established cell lines when studying the effect of dexamethasone which may result from the varying expression levels of GR.
Outcome of contemporary surgery for chronic subdural haematoma: evidence based review (2003)

The three principal techniques-twist drill craniostomy, burr hole craniostomy, and craniotomy-used in contemporary neurosurgery for chronic subdural haematoma have different profiles for morbidity, mortality, recurrence rate, and cure rate. Twist drill and burr hole craniostomy can be considered first tier treatment, while craniotomy may be used as second tier treatment. A cumulative summary of data shows that, overall, the postoperative outcome of chronic subdural haematoma has not improved substantially over the past 20 years.
Online Social Networks: Study and validation of the regular behaviors of a targeted community on a complex network using a time series approach (2019)

Online Social Networks (OSNs) are regarded as an interactive environment and as a complex system, which explains the difficulty in predicting user's feedbacks in response to a triggering event. Determining and understanding relations and entities' dynamics by focusing on observing the visible interactions of the Moroccan community on Facebook is a goal of this work. A time series is associated with the visible and nonvolatile interactions and the seasonal component is employed to validate the regularity's forms. Seasonality and random energies' rapports show that frequencies 7, 14 and 21 have significant values around 40%, this regular weekly behavior reflects a kind of habituation of the people to OSNs with a strong integration of communication technology into the daily lives of members of the studied community.
Crystallization of polyolefins induced by liquid crystalline polymers (1997)

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of very low levels (less than 2%) of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) molecules on the properties of polyolefin matrices. The higher level of crystallinity obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman measurements suggests the possibility of nucleation and oriented crystallization of polyolefins upon the LCP phase during the orientation process. Wide-angle X-ray powder diffraction data from unoriented and uniaxially oriented films of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) containing LCP analyzed by the Rietveld method reveal that the dimensions of the orthorhombic unit cell are not affected but the crystallite size and the orientation parameters are changed. Furthermore, changes in transport properties of these materials are observed. In particular, the chemical resistance to hydrocarbons of uniaxially oriented HDPE containing LCP molecules improves significantly in comparison with untreated samples. In addition to orientation, all data suggest that lowering solvent permeability on drawing may be related to changes occurring in crystalline and amorphous regions of HDPE. Chemical resistance enhancement also is confirmed for biaxially oriented films of HDPE, linear low-density polyethylene and polypropylene containing low levels of LCPs. In all cases, molecular orientation does not appear as the single cause of reduced permeability to hydrocarbons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localized delivery of paclitaxel using elastic liposomes: Formulation development and evaluation (2011)

In the present study an elastic liposomes-based paclitaxel formulation was developed with the objective to remove Cremophor EL. Cremophor EL is currently used for solubilizing paclitaxel in the marketed formulation and is known to produce toxic effects. Elastic liposomal paclitaxel formulation was extensively characterized in vitro, ex-vivo, and in vivo. The results obtained were compared against the marketed paclitaxel formulation. The maximum amount of paclitaxel loaded in the elastic liposomal formulation was found to be 6.0 mg/ml, which is similar to the commercial strength of marketed paclitaxel formulation. In vitro skin permeation and deposition studies showed 10.8-fold enhanced steady state transdermal flux and 15.0-fold enhanced drug deposition in comparison to drug solution. These results further confirmed with the vesicle-skin interaction study using FTIR technique. Results of the hemolytic toxicity assay indicate that elastic liposomal formulation induced only 11.2 ± 0.2% hemolysis in comparison to the commercial formulation which showed 38 ± 3.0%. Further, results of the Draize test showed no skin irritation of paclitaxel elastic liposomal formulation. Findings of the study demonstrate that elastic liposomes as a carrier is an attractive approach for localized delivery of paclitaxel.
Effect of intranasal esketamine on cognitive functioning in healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02094378.
Engineering Cyanobacteria To Synthesize and Export Hydrophilic Products (2010)

Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria has the advantage that sunlight and CO(2) are the sole source of energy and carbon for these organisms. However, as photoautotrophs, cyanobacteria generally lack transporters to move hydrophilic primary metabolites across membranes. To address whether cyanobacteria could be engineered to produce and secrete organic primary metabolites, Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 was engineered to express genes encoding an invertase and a glucose facilitator, which mediated secretion of glucose and fructose. Similarly, expression of lactate dehydrogenase- and lactate transporter-encoding genes allowed lactate accumulation in the extracellular medium. Expression of the relevant transporter was essential for secretion. Production of these molecules was further improved by expression of additional heterologous enzymes. Sugars secreted by the engineered cyanobacteria could be used to support Escherichia coli growth in the absence of additional nutrient sources. These results indicate that cyanobacteria can be engineered to produce and secrete high-value hydrophilic products.
The interaction between coumarin drugs and DNA gyrase (1993)

The coumarin group of antibiotics have as their target the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. The drugs bind to the B subunit of gyrase and inhibit DNA supercoiling by blocking the ATPase activity. Recent data show that the binding site for the drugs lies within the N-terminal part of the B protein, and individual amino acids involved in coumarin interaction are being identified. The mode of inhibition of the gyrase ATPase reaction by coumarins is unlikely to be simple competitive inhibition, and the drugs may act by stabilizing a conformation of the enzyme with low affinity for ATP.
Recombinant human erythropoietin improves angiogenesis and wound healing in experimental burn wounds* (2006)

Our study suggests that rHuEPO may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after thermal injury.
Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: Is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption? (2005)

In most tissues and organs, the lymphatic circulation is responsible for the removal of interstitial protein and fluid but the parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord is devoid of lymphatic vessels. On the other hand, the literature is filled with qualitative and quantitative evidence supporting a lymphatic function in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. The experimental data seems to warrant a re-examination of CSF dynamics and consideration of a new conceptual foundation on which to base our understanding of disorders of the CSF system. The objective of this paper is to review the key studies pertaining to the role of the lymphatic system in CSF absorption.
Ultrasonic energy. Effects on vascular function and integrity. (1991)

Ultrasonic energy delivered via a flexible-wire probe produces dose-dependent, endothelium-independent smooth muscle relaxation capable of reversing both receptor-mediated and voltage-dependent vasoconstriction in vitro. At moderate power outputs, this relaxation response does not appear to be due to thermal effects or irreversible smooth muscle cell injury. This vasorelaxant effect of ultrasonic energy is also apparent in vivo, at doses that effectively ablate atherosclerotic plaque, and may improve the safety of arterial recanalization using ultrasonic energy.
Tyrosine Kinases as Targets for Cancer Therapy (2005)

Tyrosine kinases, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate from ATP to tyrosine residues in polypeptides, are ubiquitous, numerous, and of considerable clinical interest because they participate in the development of cancer and have become choice targets for therapeutic intervention. This comprehensive review discusses the molecular and clinical aspects of tyrosine kinases.