gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultivation of fibroblast cells on keratin-coated substrata (1998)

By means of a cell culture method, the attachment and growth of mouse L929 fibroblast cells were studied on matrices of the (-SDS)- and (+SDS)-keratins, which were extracted from wool in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. The (+SDS)-keratin showed some toxic effect on the cell growth, but upon washing with a pH 7/phosphate buffer, the protein behaved similarly to a substratum of the (-SDS)-keratin. The comparative culture assay on the keratins, collagen (type I), and glass revealed that the keratins were more adhesive to the cells and more supportive for cell proliferation than the collagen and glass. The results were explained by an enhanced initial adsorption of mediator proteins from fetal bovine serum onto the keratin substrata.
Exosomes released during reticulocyte maturation bind to fibronectin via integrin α4β1 (2000)

Exosomes are vesicles formed in the endosomal compartment and released in the extracellular medium during reticulocyte maturation into erythrocytes. They have a clearing function because of their enrichment with some proteins known to decrease or disappear from the cell surface during maturation, e.g. acetylcholinesterase and transferrin receptor. We show here that integrin alpha4beta1, present on the surface of erythroid precursors but absent from the mature red cell membrane, is at least partly cleared from the reticulocyte plasma membrane by the exosomal pathway. Using flow cytometry, we found that the alpha4 subunit disappears from the reticulocyte surface during in vitro maturation. Two different monoclonal antibodies (B-5G10 and HP 2/1) were used to demonstrate the presence of the alpha4 chain on the exosome surface. Moreover, membrane acetylcholinesterase and lumenal peroxidase-like (i.e. hemoglobin) enzymatic activities were assayed to demonstrate exosome binding to plates coated with increasing fibronectin (FN) concentrations. This interaction was dependent on divalent cations (MnCl2 > MgCl2 > CaCl2). Similarly, vesicles bound to plates coated with the chymotryptic 40 K fragment (FN-40) containing the heparin-binding region of FN. This binding was inhibited by exosome preincubation with fibronectin CS1 peptide and with a monoclonal antibody (HP 2/1) against the integrin alpha4-chain, confirming an alpha4beta1-induced interaction. The importance of the exosome clearance function is highlighted here, since the presence of VLA-4 on reticulocytes often leads to blood circulation complications in some diseases. Moreover, the presence of alpha4beta1 on the exosome surface, by allowing binding to endothelial cells through vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), might confer another physiological function to the secreted vesicles.
Identification of peroxisomal targeting signals located at the carboxy terminus of four peroxisomal proteins. (1988)

As part of an effort to understand how proteins are imported into the peroxisome, we have sought to identify the peroxisomal targeting signals in four unrelated peroxisomal proteins: human catalase, rat hydratase:dehydrogenase, pig D-amino acid oxidase, and rat acyl-CoA oxidase. Using gene fusion experiments, we have identified a region of each protein that can direct heterologous proteins to peroxisomes. In each case, the peroxisomal targeting signal is contained at or near the carboxy terminus of the protein. For catalase, the peroxisomal targeting signal is located within the COOH-terminal 27 amino acids of the protein. For hydratase:dehydrogenase, D-amino acid oxidase, and acyl-CoA oxidase, the targeting signals are located within the carboxy-terminal 15, 14, and 15 amino acids, respectively. A tripeptide of the sequence Ser-Lys/His-Leu is present in each of these targeting signals as well as in the peroxisomal targeting signal identified in firefly luciferase (Gould, S.J., G.-A. Keller, and S. Subramani. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:2923-2931). When the peroxisomal targeting signal of the hydratase:dehydrogenase is mutated so that the Ser-Lys-Leu tripeptide is converted to Ser-Asn-Leu, it can no longer direct proteins to peroxisomes. We suggest that this tripeptide is an essential element of at least one class of peroxisomal targeting signals.
The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey (2004)

The use of cannabis for medical purposes is a controversial but an important topic of public and scientific interest. We report on the results of a self-administered questionnaire study conducted in the United Kingdom between 1998 and 2002. The questionnaire consisted of 34 items and included demographic data, disease and medication use patterns and cannabis use profiles. Subjects were self-selected; 3663 questionnaires were distributed and 2969 were returned [1805 (60.9%) women, mean age 52.7 years (SD 12.7)]. Medicinal cannabis use was reported by patients with chronic pain (25%), multiple sclerosis and depression (22% each), arthritis (21%) and neuropathy (19%). Medicinal cannabis use was associated with younger age, male gender and previous recreational use (p < 0.001). While caution must be exercised in interpreting these data, they point to the need for clinical studies of cannabis and cannabinoids with standardised and quality-controlled products.
Intraoperative Near Infrared Fluorescence Guided Identification of the Ureters Using Low Dose Methylene Blue: A First in Human Experience (2013)

This study demonstrates the first successful use of near infrared fluorescence using low dose methylene blue for the identification of the ureters during lower abdominal surgery.
The HOX gene network in hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Liver organogenesis and cancerogenesis share common mechanisms. HOX genes control normal development, primary cellular processes and are characterized by a unique genomic network organization. Less is known about the involvement of HOX genes with liver cancerogenesis. The comparison of the HOX gene network expression between nontumorous livers and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) highlights significant differences in the locus A HOX genes, located on chromosome 7, with a consistent overexpression of HOXA13 mRNA thus validating this gene deregulation as a feature of HCC. HOXA13 is a determinant of gut primordia and posterior body structures. Transcriptome analysis of HCC/nontumorous liver mRNAs, selected on the basis of HOXA13 overexpression, recognizes a set of deregulated genes. The matching of these genes with previously reported HCC transcriptome analysis identifies cell-cycle and nuclear pore-related HCC phenotype displaying poor prognosis. HOXA13 and HOXA7 homeoproteins share a consensus sequence that physically links eIF4E nuclear bodies acting on the export of specific mRNAs (c-myc, FGF-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1). We report the protein-protein interaction between HOXA13 and eIF4E in liver cancer cells and the deregulation of eIF4E mRNA and protein in cell cycle/nuclear pore HCC group phenotype and in T4 stage HCCs, respectively. Thus, transcriptional and post-transcriptional HOXA13 deregulation is involved in HCC possibly through the mRNA nuclear export of eIF4E-dependent transcripts.
Effects of Partial Outlet Obstruction of the Rat Urinary Bladder on Micturition Characteristics, DNA Synthesis and the Contractile Response to Field Stimulation and Pharmacological Agents (1993)

Partial outlet obstruction is one of the major urological complications induced by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The current study describes the time course of the effect of mild partial outlet obstruction (in rats) on in vivo micturition parameters, DNA synthesis, and on the in vitro response of the bladder to field stimulation, bethanechol, methoxamine, ATP, and KCl. Mild partial outflow obstruction was created by placing a catheter (outside diameter: 1.70 mm.) transabdominally in front of the urethra, tying a ligature (2-zero silk) around both the urethra and catheter, and then removing the catheter. The micturition pattern was monitored for 2 days prior to surgery, and then continuously for 14 days following the surgery. The changes in bladder weight and the in vitro detrusor function of control (sham operated) and obstructed bladders (1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery) were examined. Micturition frequency in the dark cycle decreased immediately after the operation, and then increased linearly reaching a maximum at the 5th day, and stabilized at this increased level for the duration of the micturition study. The frequency of the dark cycle was also decreased immediately after the sham surgery and then gradually increased over the period of observation. Bladder weight increased by day 1 following surgery, and remained high throughout the 28 day study. The contractile response of the obstructed bladder base to field stimulation was reduced at days 1 and 3. The response then increased above control for day 5, reached a maximum response at day 7 and remained at this level for days 14 and 28. A similar pattern was observed for the contractile response of the bladder body to bethanechol and KCl, and for the bladder base to methoxamine and KCl. Both obstructed and sham surgeries increased bladder DNA content and 3H-thymidine incorporation, which reached maximal values on days 5 and 3, respectively. DNA content and 3H-thymidine incorporation of obstructed bladders were greater than those of sham operated bladders. In conclusion, partial outlet obstruction in the rat resulted in a progressive increase in bladder mass, an increase in micturition frequency, increases in the in vitro contractile response to field stimulation, bethanechol, methoxamine, and KCl, and increases in bladder DNA content and 3H-thymidine incorporation.
Synthesis and Properties of CdSe/ZnS Core/Shell Nanorods (2003)

A method for the synthesis of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanorods is reported. In the first step rods are grown, and in a second step a shell of ZnS is overgrown at moderate temperatures in a mixture of trioctylphosphine-oxide and hexadecylamine. Structural and chemical characterization using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed providing direct evidence for shell growth. The emission quantum yield significantly increases by over 1 order of magnitude for the core/shell nanorods compared to the original rods because of the improved surface passivation. Rods with lengths up to ∼30 nm were investigated, and in this size regime the maximal achievable QY showed little dependence on length and strong dependence on rod diameter, with increased QY in smaller diameters. Color tunability is available via tuning of the rod diameter. The stability against photooxidation was significantly improved in core/shell nanorods compared with rods coated by organic ligands.
Isomerization Polymerization of 1,3-Oxazine. I. Polymerization of Unsubstituted 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine Giving Poly(N-formyltrimethylenimine) and Its Alkaline Hydrolysis of Poly(trimethylenimine) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization Polymerization of 1,3-Oxazine. I. Polymerization of Unsubstituted 5,6-Dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine Giving Poly(N-formyltrimethylenimine) and Its Alkaline Hydrolysis of Poly(trimethylenimine)Takeo Saegusa, Yoshitomi Nagura, and Shiro KobayashiCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 4, 495–498Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60034a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60034a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous consumption of pentose and hexose sugars: an optimal microbial phenotype for efficient fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass (2010)

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive carbon source for bio-based fuel and chemical production; however, its compositional heterogeneity hinders its commercial use. Since most microbes possess carbon catabolite repression (CCR), mixed sugars derived from the lignocellulose are consumed sequentially, reducing the efficacy of the overall process. To overcome this barrier, microbes that exhibit the simultaneous consumption of mixed sugars have been isolated and/or developed and evaluated for the lignocellulosic biomass utilization. Specific strains of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Zymomonas mobilis have been engineered for simultaneous glucose and xylose utilization via mutagenesis or introduction of a xylose metabolic pathway. Other microbes, such as Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Candida shehatae possess a relaxed CCR mechanism, showing simultaneous consumption of glucose and xylose. By exploiting CCR-negative phenotypes, various integrated processes have been developed that incorporate both enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material and mixed sugar fermentation, thereby enabling greater productivity and fermentation efficacy.
Ribosomal Database Project: data and tools for high throughput rRNA analysis (2013)

Ribosomal Database Project (RDP; http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/) provides the research community with aligned and annotated rRNA gene sequence data, along with tools to allow researchers to analyze their own rRNA gene sequences in the RDP framework. RDP data and tools are utilized in fields as diverse as human health, microbial ecology, environmental microbiology, nucleic acid chemistry, taxonomy and phylogenetics. In addition to aligned and annotated collections of bacterial and archaeal small subunit rRNA genes, RDP now includes a collection of fungal large subunit rRNA genes. RDP tools, including Classifier and Aligner, have been updated to work with this new fungal collection. The use of high-throughput sequencing to characterize environmental microbial populations has exploded in the past several years, and as sequence technologies have improved, the sizes of environmental datasets have increased. With release 11, RDP is providing an expanded set of tools to facilitate analysis of high-throughput data, including both single-stranded and paired-end reads. In addition, most tools are now available as open source packages for download and local use by researchers with high-volume needs or who would like to develop custom analysis pipelines.
Sustained Delivery of Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) by Means of Implantable Ceramic Devices (1988)

A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley albino male rats were assigned to five groups, each group consisting of five rats. Polylactic acid-impregnated ALCAP capsules filled with 40 mg DFMO were implanted subcutaneously (sc) or intraperitoneally (ip) in group I and II rats, respectively. Rats in group III were implanted with empty ALCAP capsules (ALCAP control). Group IV rats were administered orally 3% DFMO in drinking water. Rats in group V served as control. Blood samples were collected every week for six weeks via the tail artery. The concentration of DFMO was determined by a modified ninhydrin hydrindantin method. Data obtained in this investigation showed that the levels of DFMO in the serum of rats in groups I and II were 41.87 +/- 6.8 and 237.62 +/- 13.3 micrograms/mL, respectively. Body, spleen, liver, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testicular weights of the controls and DFMO treated rats were not significantly different (p less than 0.05) over the entire duration of this study. The diarrhea often noted in rats treated orally with DFMO was not observed in rats implanted with ALCAP capsules filled with DFMO. The results of this study suggest that (1) polymer-impregnated ALCAP ceramic capsules can be used to deliver DFMO in a sustained manner for long durations of time, (2) side effects associated with oral administration of DFMO can be avoided by using DFMO-filled ALCAP ceramic implants, and (3) a ceramic system can be designed to deliver DFMO and drugs such as DFMO in a sustained manner over long periods of time in humans.
Measurements of strong correlations in the transport of light through strongly scattering materials (2013)

In this thesis, we study light transport through multiple scattering random photonic materials. Light incident on such materials undergoes many scattering events before exiting the material. The relation between the incident and the transmitted fields is determined by the optical transmission matrix of the material. If one knows this matrix, one can send a pre-designed field to the scattering material to get the desired transmitted field. According to theory, light transport through scattering materials takes place via open transmission eigenchannels with transmission coefficient close to 1. If one can design an incident field that couples only to the open transmission eigenchannels, one can get unity transmission through a scattering material. The theory also predicts that the number of open transmission eigenchannels is small. This leads to the transmitted fields to be a superposition of a small number of independent fields and makes them correlated. One can study these correlations by studying optical transmission matrices of scattering materials. A large part of this thesis is devoted to measuring and analyzing optical transmission matrices of strongly scattering random photonic materials, in particular random photonic ZnO nanoparticles and GaP nanowire ensembles. As the scattering becomes stronger, the number of open transmission eigenchannels becomes even smaller, making the transmitted fields even more strongly correlated. When a large enough portion of the transmission matrix is measured, these correlations show up in the singular value histograms of the measured transmission matrices. We study singular value histograms of the measured matrices and observe correlations. We also demonstrate retrieving the scattering strength of the GaP nanowire ensemble from the measured transmission matrix. Moreover, we study intensity fluctuations in the speckle transmitted through random photonic ZnO nanoparticle media. We observe that the measured speckle intensity histogram is in line with predictions of theory. Finally, we describe an experiment where we control light transport through a random photonic TiO2 paint layer using wavefront shaping with binary amplitude modulation. We blocked the portion of the field that interferes destructively with the rest of the field at a pre-determined target area behind the scattering sample, creating a bright spot at the target.
Insight into the Mechanism of Phosphoenolpyruvate Mutase Catalysis Derived from Site-Directed Mutagenesis Studies of Active Site Residues (1999)

PEP mutase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to phosphonopyruvate in biosynthetic pathways leading to phosphonate secondary metabolites. A recent X-ray structure [Huang, K., Li, Z., Jia, Y., Dunaway-Mariano, D., and Herzberg, O. (1999) Structure (in press)] of the Mytilus edulis enzyme complexed with the Mg(II) cofactor and oxalate inhibitor reveals an alpha/beta-barrel backbone-fold housing an active site in which Mg(II) is bound by the two carboxylate groups of the oxalate ligand and the side chain of D85 and, via bridging water molecules, by the side chains of D58, D85, D87, and E114. The oxalate ligand, in turn, interacts with the side chains of R159, W44, and S46 and the backbone amide NHs of G47 and L48. Modeling studies identified two feasible PEP binding modes: model A in which PEP replaces oxalate with its carboxylate group interacting with R159 and its phosphoryl group positioned close to D58 and Mg(II) shifting slightly from its original position in the crystal structure, and model B in which PEP replaces oxalate with its phosphoryl group interacting with R159 and Mg(II) retaining its original position. Site-directed mutagenesis studies of the key mutase active site residues (R159, D58, D85, D87, and E114) were carried out in order to evaluate the catalytic roles predicted by the two models. The observed retention of low catalytic activity in the mutants R159A, D85A, D87A, and E114A, coupled with the absence of detectable catalytic activity in D58A, was interpreted as evidence for model A in which D58 functions in nucleophilic catalysis (phosphoryl transfer), R159 functions in PEP carboxylate group binding, and the carboxylates of D85, D87 and E114 function in Mg(II) binding. These results also provide evidence against model B in which R159 serves to mediate the phosphoryl transfer. A catalytic motif, which could serve both the phosphoryl transfer and the C-C cleavage enzymes of the PEP mutase superfamily, is proposed.
Discovery of a second 15 S -lipoxygenase in humans (1997)

The lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid occurs in specific blood cell types and epithelial tissues and is activated in inflammation and tissue injury. In the course of studying lipoxygenase expression in human skin, we detected and characterized a previously unrecognized enzyme that at least partly accounts for the 15S-lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid in certain epithelial tissues. The cDNA was cloned from human hair roots, and expression of the mRNA was detected also in prostate, lung, and cornea; an additional 16 human tissues, including peripheral blood leukocytes, were negative for the mRNA. The cDNA encodes a protein of 676 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 76 kDa. The amino acid sequence has approximately 40% identity to the known human 5S-, 12S-, and 15S-lipoxygenases. When expressed in HEK 293 cells, the newly discovered enzyme converts arachidonic acid exclusively to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, while linoleic acid is less well metabolized. These features contrast with the previously reported 15S-lipoxygenase, which oxygenates arachidonic acid mainly at C-15, but also partly at C-12, and for which linoleic acid is an excellent substrate. The different catalytic activities and tissue distribution suggest a distinct function for the new enzyme compared with the previously reported human 15S-lipoxygenase.
New analogues of rosaramicin isolated from a Micromonospora strain. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical and biological properties. (1990)

Antibiotics 6108 A1, B, C and D, a new series of analogues of rosaramicin, were found together with rosaramicin, juvenimicin A4 and M-4365 A1 from the cultured broth of strain BA06108 which was assigned to be a new species of Micromonospora. 6108 A1 and C showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria as potent as rosaramicin and exhibited low acute toxicity in mice. However, 6108 B showed less potent antimicrobial activity and 6108 D showed higher toxicity than those two antibiotics.