gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How thyroid disease presents in the elderly. (1978)

Some of the symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in elderly patients may be mistakenly attributed to "old age." Weight loss, muscle weakness, tremor, angina, congestive heart failure--all signs of hyperthyroidism--are also concomitants of aging. Fatigue, sluggishness, withdrawal behavior, senile atrophic skin changes--all signs of hypothroidism--are also a part of the normal aging process. Although screening elderly people for thyroid disease is economically unsound, the physician should maintain a high index of suspicion of its presence. Laboratory tests must be interpreted with extra care. Values of 131I uptake, serum T4 and T3, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone are all helpful in diagnosis. Thyroid disease is easily treated in elderly patients, and results often are dramatic. Propranolol is effective in thyrotoxic patients when symptoms require prompt relief. The definitive treatment, however, is 131I; antithyroid drugs are difficult to manage. Hypothyroidism is easily treated with T4.
Wild type human p53 is antiproliferative in SV40-transformed hamster cells. (1990)

The transformation related protein p53 has been implicated in the process of normal cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. In this study, the influence of wild type human p53 on cell proliferation was examined. Plasmid constructs encoding the wild type human p53 and various mutant p53 cDNAs, driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter linked to the dominant biochemical selection marker gpt, were used in a colony forming assay employing SV40 transformed HR8 hamster cells. Plasmids encoding wild type p53 drastically reduced the number of gpt+ colonies obtained after transfection, whereas the mutant forms of p53 had no effect. Stable clonal hamster cell lines that constitutively express wild type p53 were isolated and found to have altered growth characteristics (i.e. lower saturation densities, increased doubling times). These findings are consistent with the notion that wild type p53 protein could function as a growth suppressor. The potential role of p53 in the normal cell cycle and in the transformation process is discussed.
Hydrolysis of Cellulose by a Solid Acid Catalyst under Optimal Reaction Conditions (2009)

The hydrolysis of cellulose with a highly active solid acid catalyst, a carbon material bearing SO3H, COOH, and OH groups, was investigated at 323−393 K using an artificial neural network (ANN) and a response surface methodology (RSM). The ANN models developed for experimental design accurately reflect the novel solid−solid interface catalysis. The ANN models and RSM revealed that the amount of water dominates the hydrolysis reaction as well as cellulose saccharification by concentrated sulfuric acid, a conventional saccharification method. The correlations of the reaction and each parameter are discussed on the basis of the reaction mechanism, ANN, and RSM.
Isolation and Characterization of an Escherichia coli Mutant Lacking the Major Serine Transporter, and Cloning of a Serine Transporter Gene (1997)

L-Serine as well as L-valine inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli cells, and L-isoleucine releases this growth inhibition. We isolated an E. coli mutant (designated as WAT9) that was able to grow on lactate (or glucose) as a carbon source even in the presence of L-serine, the parent not being able to. Cells of WAT9 were not able to grow on L-serine as a carbon source even if L-isoleucine was present in the culture medium, while the parental cells grew. This mutant was shown to lack the principal L-serine transporter in E. coli, the Na+/ serine symporter. This mutant is useful for analysis of the role(s) of the Na+/serine symporter in cell physiology and as a host for the cloning of L-serine transporter gene(s). In fact, we cloned a gene encoding a serine transporter from chromosomal DNA of E. coli using WAT9 as the host. The gene enabled the mutant cells to grow on L-serine. Transport activity for L-serine was restored in the mutant cells harboring a plasmid carrying the gene. We partially sequenced the gene and found that it was the tdcC gene. We showed that TdcC is an H+/serine symporter.
El Acuerdo sobre un Tribunal Unifi cado de Patentes de 19 de febrero de 2013, una novedosa y controvertida arquitectura en la construcción europea (2013)

El Acuerdo TUP constituye sin duda una novedosa y controvertida arquitectura en la construccion europea. El denominado «paquete
europeo de patentes» implica dos objetivos bien diferentes: por una parte, el establecimiento de una nueva categoria de patentes,
las «patentes europeas con efecto unitario», que se anaden a las «patentes nacionales» y a las «patentes europeas sin efecto
unitario». La creacion del Tribunal Unifi cado de Patentes aplicable a todas las patentes europeas, con y sin efecto unitario, tiene
vocacion de sustituir completamente a los centenarios tribunales ordinarios de los Estados contratantes. Supuestamente, la nueva
patente sera mas barata y mas efi caz que los actuales sistemas de proteccion de las invenciones de los individuos y las empresas
Conformation Control of Peptides by Metal Ions. Coordination Conformation Correlation Observed in a Model for Cys-X-Y-Cys/M2+in Proteins (1997)

The structure of [(Boc-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Cys(4)-OMe)(S-tert-C(4)H(9))Hg](-) (Boc: butoxycarbonyl), 1, was studied in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and compared with that of [(Boc-Cys(1)-Pro-Leu-Cys(4)-OMe)Hg], 2, in order to discuss the intrinsic structural feature of the cysteine-containing metal-binding sites of proteins: Cys(i)-X-Y-Cys(i)(+3)/M(2+). 1 was generated by the reaction of 2 with NaS-tert-C(4)H(9). The geometry of the mercury ion (Hg(2+)) in 1 was proposed to be trigonal planar by UV-vis spectroscopy and Hg L(III) edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) calculations yielded r(Hg-S) = 2.42 Å. Analyses of the nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy (NOESY) and the rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) spectra of 1 in DMF-d(7) gave approximate distances for the 21 (1)H-(1)H pairs of the main chain loop. These results on distance information were processed by distance geometry (DG) and restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) calculations in order to optimize the molecular structure of 1. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were also performed. We proposed that the trigonal planar Hg(2+) in 1 regulates the hydrogen-bonding schemes of the peptide in the same manner as the tetrahedral ions involved in the Cys(i)-X-Y-Cys(i)(+3)/M(2+) core sites in natural proteins, forming two hydrogen bonds, Cys(1) S-Leu H(N) and Cys(1) S-Cys(4) H(N). This is in contrast to 2, where the linear coordinate mercury causes another type of hydrogen-bonding scheme, Cys(1) S-Leu H(N) and Pro CO-Cys(4) H(N). Details of the effect of trigonal planar Hg(2+) on the peptide conformation were analyzed with respect to the phi, varphi, and chi torsion angles of the peptide chain. The effect of the change of the angleS-Hg-S bite angle on the conformation of Cys-Pro-Leu-Cys was also discussed on the basis of MD calculations. The distribution area of Leu (phi, varphi) in the Ramachandran plot moves from near the alpha helix region to the turn structure region as the bite angle increases from 90 to 180 degrees, accompanying the change in the hydrogen-bonding scheme. The critical bite angle is around 140 degrees. The analysis revealed that angleS-Hg-S congruent with 110 degrees, which corresponds to the tetrahedral coordination geometry of the central metal ion, allows a high flexibility of the Cys-Pro-Leu-Cys skeleton.
Digital Eye-Witness Systems (1999)

According to the National Center for Health Statistics, “National Health Survey”, in 1996 there were 35 million motor vehicle accidents with an associated total economic loss of $120.8b. Approximately 60% of the $120.8b was spent on claims payment and an additional 12% in legal fees. What is not known is how much of this amount was spent settling or defending fraudulent and frivolous claims. However, Loss Management Services, Inc. (LMS) does have a way to control these costs. LMS has developed systems to control claims pay out and litigation costs while deterring fraudulent and frivolous claims, along with providing for a real crash data bank for regulatory agencies. LMS has developed the MAC (Mobile Accident Camera) Box system which will record the events leading up to an accident, capture accident data and record the aftermath. The MACbox will provide a “driver’s eye view” of the entire incident from beginning to end. The only difference is that the MACbox will disclose without bias, the event as it occurred. The system is an application of existing commercial technology answering the most common and most vexing mystery: Whose fault was it? And, what happened? By working closely with its client companies, the insurance industry and its technology partners LMS will also establish a rich repository of information that will be used to help mediate claims, assign responsibility, advance vehicle safety and reduce the total economic loss that results from motor vehicle accidents.
Endogenous Muscle Atrophy F-Box Mediates Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB (2011)

MAFbx plays an essential role in mediating cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. Downregulation of MAFbx inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in part through stabilization of IκB-α and inactivation of nuclear factor-κB. Taken together, inhibition of MAFbx attenuates pathological hypertrophy, thereby protecting the heart from progression into heart failure.
Abstract 562: Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer and Activation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Increases Cardiac Function in Chronic Severe Heart Failure (2006)

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has pleiotropic effects, including positive inotropic, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic and pro-myogenic in the heart. We constructed a serotype 5 adeno-associated virus vector encoding IGF-I under tet-regulation (AAV5.IGFI-tet) to assess the effects of exogenous IGF-I expression on cardiac function in chronic severe heart failure induced by myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that increased cardiac expression of IGF-I would increase the function of the failing heart. Methods and Results: Twenty-one 3-month old mice underwent indirect intracoronary delivery of AAV5.IGFI-tet (5x10 11 vp), followed immediately by permanent left coronary artery occlusion. Five weeks later, the 10 mice that survived MI and met entry criteria (LVEF&lt;40% and LV end-diastolic diameter&gt;4.5 mm; echocardiography), randomly were assigned to receive doxycycline in their water supply, which activates cardiac IGF-I expression (IGF-On, n=5) or receive regular water (i.e., no treatment, IGF-Off, n=5). After 5 wk of treatment (10 wk from MI), echocardiography showed that IGF-On mice had increased LVEF while the IGF-Off mice showed continued decline (ΔLVEF, IGF-On: +2.3 ± 2.1%; IGF-Off: −5.6 ± 1.9%, n=5 for each group, p=0.03), and pressure-volume analyses showed increased cardiac output (IGF-On: 6.7 ± 1.1 ml/min; IGF-Off: 4.0 ± 0.3 ml/min, n=3 for each group, p=0.08) and stroke volume (IGF-On: 17 ± 3 μl; IGF-Off: 9 ± 1 μl, n=3 for each group, p=0.05). Rates of apoptosis, assessed by TUNEL staining, were reduced in viable LV (Border zone, IGF-On: 125 ± 5 /10 5 nuclei, n=3; IGF-Off: 416 ± 40 /10 5 nuclei, n=4, p&lt;0.02; Remote zone, IGF-On: 85 ± 7 /10 5 nuclei, n=3; IGF-Off: 207 ± 28 /10 5 nuclei, n=4, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Increased cardiac expression of IGF-I improves LV function and reduces apoptosis in the failing heart. These data suggest a new potential treatment strategy for severe heart failure.
Single-cell murine genetic fate mapping reveals bipotential hepatoblasts and novel multi-organ endoderm progenitors (2018)

The definitive endoderm (DE) is the embryonic germ layer that forms the gut tube and associated organs, including thymus, lungs, liver and pancreas. To understand how individual DE cells furnish gut organs, genetic fate mapping was performed using the <i>Rosa26<sup>lacZ</sup></i> Cre-reporter paired with a tamoxifen-inducible DE-specific Cre-expressing transgene. We established a low tamoxifen dose that infrequently induced heritable <i>lacZ</i> expression in a single cell of individual E8.5 mouse embryos and identified clonal cell descendants at E16.5. As expected, only a fraction of the E16.5 embryos contained <i>lacZ-</i>positive clonal descendants and a subset of these contained descendants in multiple organs, revealing novel ontogeny. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis was used to identify <i>lacZ</i>-positive hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells, which are the cholangiocyte precursors, in each clonally populated liver. Together, these data not only uncover novel and suspected lineage relationships between DE-derived organs, but also illustrate the bipotential nature of individual hepatoblasts by demonstrating that single hepatoblasts contribute to both the hepatocyte and the cholangiocyte lineage <i>in vivo</i>.
Methylation of Tat by PRMT6 Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gene Expression (2004)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator protein, Tat, stimulates transcription from the viral long terminal repeats via an arginine-rich transactivating domain. Since arginines are often known to be methylated, we investigated whether HIV type 1 (HIV-1) Tat was a substrate for known protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Here we identify Tat as a substrate for the arginine methyltransferase, PRMT6. Tat is specifically associated with and methylated by PRMT6 within cells. Overexpression of wild-type PRMT6, but not a methylase-inactive PRMT6 mutant, decreased Tat transactivation of an HIV-1 long terminal repeat luciferase reporter plasmid in a dose-dependent manner. Knocking down PRMT6 consistently increased HIV-1 production in HEK293T cells and also led to increased viral infectiousness as shown in multinuclear activation of a galactosidase indicator assays. Our study demonstrates that arginine methylation of Tat negatively regulates its transactivation activity and that PRMT6 acts as a restriction factor for HIV replication.
The Amphiregulin Gene Encodes a Novel Epidermal Growth Factor-Related Protein with Tumor-Inhibitory Activity (1990)

We have isolated the gene for a novel growth regulator, amphiregulin (AR), that is evolutionarily related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). AR is a bifunctional growth modulator: it interacts with the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells and inhibits the growth of certain aggressive carcinoma cell lines. The 84-amino-acid mature protein is embedded within a 252-amino-acid transmembrane precursor, an organization similar to that of the TGF-alpha precursor. Human placenta and ovaries were found to express significant amounts of the 1.4-kilobase AR transcript, implicating AR in the regulation of normal cell growth. In addition, the AR gene was localized to chromosomal region 4q13-4q21, a common breakpoint for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Structure and properties of transcriptional networks driving selenite stress response in yeasts (2008)

This work depicted a highly interconnected and complex transcriptional network involved in the adaptation of yeast genome expression to the presence of selenite in its chemical environment. It revealed the transcriptional regulation of PDR1 by Rpn4p, proposed a new role for the pleiotropic drug resistance network in stress response and demonstrated a direct regulatory connection between oxidative stress response and iron homeostasis.
Light Scattering By Polystyrene Spheres On A Mirror (1987)

Three models have been developed to describe light scattering from a sphere positioned on a mirror. The actual system is modeled as a two-sphere system consisting of a real and an imaginary sphere. Light scattering from each sphere is assumed to follow Mie theory. No further interaction is assumed between the sphere and the mirror. The models differ in their consideration of the interaction of scattered fields from the spheres. The results of the models are compared with experimental values with the size parameter 4.88 and 7.00 with s- and p-polarization. The comparison indicates that a best fit can be obtained by assuming the two spheres are coherent light sources with a phase difference of&pi;.
Computational Docking of Antibody-Antigen Complexes, Opportunities and Pitfalls Illustrated by Influenza Hemagglutinin (2011)

Antibodies play an increasingly important role in both basic research and the pharmaceutical industry. Since their efficiency depends, in ultimate analysis, on their atomic interactions with an antigen, studying such interactions is important to understand how they function and, in the long run, to design new molecules with desired properties. Computational docking, the process of predicting the conformation of a complex from its separated components, is emerging as a fast and affordable technique for the structural characterization of antibody-antigen complexes. In this manuscript, we first describe the different computational strategies for the modeling of antibodies and docking of their complexes, and then predict the binding of two antibodies to the stalk region of influenza hemagglutinin, an important pharmaceutical target. The purpose is two-fold: on a general note, we want to illustrate the advantages and pitfalls of computational docking with a practical example, using different approaches and comparing the results to known experimental structures. On a more specific note, we want to assess if docking can be successful in characterizing the binding to the same influenza epitope of other antibodies with unknown structure, which has practical relevance for pharmaceutical and biological research. The paper clearly shows that some of the computational docking predictions can be very accurate, but the algorithm often fails to discriminate them from inaccurate solutions. It is of paramount importance, therefore, to use rapidly obtained experimental data to validate the computational results.
Rapid Assembly of Alzheimer-like Paired Helical Filaments from Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau Monitored by Fluorescence in Solution (1998)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the progressive deposition of two types of fibers in the affected brains, the amyloid fibers (consisting of the Abeta peptide, generating the amyloid plaques) and paired helical filaments (PHFs, made up of tau protein, forming the neurofibrillary tangles). While the principles of amyloid aggregation are known in some detail, the investigation of PHF assembly has been hampered by the low efficiency of tau aggregation, the requirement of high protein concentrations, and the lack of suitable detection methods. Here we report a quantitative assay system that permits monitoring of the assembly of PHFs in real time by the fluorescence of dyes such as thioflavine S or T. Using this assay, we evaluated parameters that influence the efficiency of filament formation. Disulfide-linked dimers of tau constructs representing the repeat domain assemble into PHFs most efficiently, but other tau isoforms or constructs form bona fide PHFs as well. The rate of assembly is greatly enhanced by polyanions such as RNA, heparin, and notably polyglutamate which resembles the acidic tail of tubulin. The assembly is optimal at pH approximately 6 and low ionic strengths (<50 mM) and increases steeply with temperatures above 30 degreesC, indicating that it is an entropy-driven process.
Room temperature method for increasing the rate of DNA reassociation by many thousandfold: the phenol emulsion reassociation technique (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoom temperature method for increasing the rate of DNA reassociation by many thousandfold: the phenol emulsion reassociation techniqueDavid E. Kohne, Stuart A. Levison, and Michael J. ByersCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 24, 5329–5341Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00643a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00643a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Profiles of lacunar and nonlacunar stroke (2011)

Profiles of differentially expressed genes can distinguish lacunar from nonlacunar stroke. SDIs of unclear cause were frequently predicted to be of nonlacunar etiology, suggesting that comprehensive workup of SDIs is important to identify potential cardioembolic and arterial causes. Further study is required to evaluate the gene profile in an independent cohort and determine the clinical and treatment implications of SDIs of predicted nonlacunar etiology.
Solid-state monolithic electrochromic switchable visors and spectacles (2009)

There is a need for variable transmission technology for Goggles, Spectacles, and visors for Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMDs). At present, most HMDs do not allow the pilot to control the transmission level of a flight visor while transitioning from high to low light levels throughout flight. Sunglasses are often used for non-HMD conditions but become impractical for HMD use. For individuals moving from high to low brightness levels, momentary blindness is an issue in both recreational sports and military applications. A user-controlled or automatically controllable variabletransmittance lens is a possible solution. The Eclipse Visible Electrochromic Device (EclipseECD<sup>TM</sup>) is well suited for these light modulation applications. The EclipseECD<sup>TM</sup> modulates light intensity by changing the absorption level under an applied electric field. The optical density may be continuously changed by varying voltage allowing for analog instead of digital (on/off) light levels. EclipseECD<sup>TM</sup> is comprised of vacuum deposited layers of a transparent bottom electrode, an active element, and a transparent top electrode, incorporating an all, solid-state electrolyte. The solid-state electrolyte eliminates possible complications associated with gel-based or liquid crystal based technologies including lamination, and precludes the need for additional visor modifications. This all solid-state ECD system can be deposited on flexible substrates, eg. PET, PC, etc. The low-temperature deposition process enables direct application to polymer lenses and HMD flight visors. Additionally, the coating is easily manufactured; can be trimmed, has near spectral neutrality and fails in the clear (bleached) condition.