gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Nerve Stimulation–Induced Blood Pressure Changes Predict Ambulatory Blood Pressure Response After Renal Denervation (2016)

Blood pressure (BP) response to renal denervation (RDN) is highly variable and its effectiveness debated. A procedural end point for RDN may improve consistency of response. The objective of the current analysis was to look for the association between renal nerve stimulation (RNS)-induced BP increase before and after RDN and changes in ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) after RDN. Fourteen patients with drug-resistant hypertension referred for RDN were included. RNS was performed under general anesthesia at 4 sites in the right and left renal arteries, both before and immediately after RDN. RNS-induced BP changes were monitored and correlated to changes in ambulatory BP at a follow-up of 3 to 6 months after RDN. RNS resulted in a systolic BP increase of 50±27 mm Hg before RDN and systolic BP increase of 13±16 mm Hg after RDN (P<0.001). Average systolic ABPM was 153±11 mm Hg before RDN and decreased to 137±10 mm Hg at 3- to 6-month follow-up (P=0.003). Changes in RNS-induced BP increase before versus immediately after RDN and changes in ABPM before versus 3 to 6 months after RDN were correlated, both for systolic BP (R=0.77, P=0.001) and diastolic BP (R=0.79, P=0.001). RNS-induced maximum BP increase before RDN had a correlation of R=0.61 (P=0.020) for systolic and R=0.71 (P=0.004) for diastolic ABPM changes. RNS-induced BP changes before versus after RDN were correlated with changes in 24-hour ABPM 3 to 6 months after RDN. RNS should be tested as an acute end point to assess the efficacy of RDN and predict BP response to RDN.
Automation of Atrazine and Alachlor Extraction from Soil Using a Laboratory Robotic System (1991)

Abstract In order to analyze our ever‐increasing number of samples, we developed an automated multistep procedure for the extraction of atrazine (6‐chloro‐ N ‐ethyl‐ N ′‐[1‐methyl ethyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) and alachlor (2‐chloro‐ N ‐[2,6‐diethylphenyl]‐ N ‐[methoxymethyl] acetamide) from soil using a commercially available laboratory robotic system. The robotic system shakes the soil‐extraction solvent mixture, separates solvent from soil, evaporates methanol from the solvent, performs a liquid‐solid extraction on the remaining herbicide‐water solution, transfers the eluate containing the herbicides and internal standard to a gas chromatograph (GC) vial, and caps the vial. Serial robotic processing of samples, compared with manual batch processing, increased sample throughput by a factor of three and decreased labor by 50%. Efficiency and precision of extraction of atrazine and alachlor increased to 89 ± 2% (robotic) from 79 ± 17% (manual). At present, the soil weight of 10 g results in a minimum detectable amount of 10 µg herbicide kg −1 soil.
Analysis of saccharide binding to Artocarpus integrifolia lectin reveals specific recognition of T-antigen (beta-D-Gal(1----3)D-GalNAc). (1986)

The binding of Artocarpus integrifolia lectin to N-dansylgalactosamine (where dansyl is 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) leads to a 100% increase in dansyl fluorescence with a concomitant blue shift in the emission maximum by 10 nm. This binding is carbohydrate-specific and has an association constant of 1.74 X 10(4) M-1 at 20 degrees C. The lectin has two binding sites for N-dansylgalactosamine. The values of -delta H and -delta S for the binding of N-dansylgalactosamine are in the range of values reported for several lectin-monosaccharide interactions, indicating an absence of nonpolar interaction of the dansyl moiety of the sugar with the combining region of the protein. Dissociation of the bound N-dansylgalactosamine from its complex with the lectin and the consequent change in its fluorescence on addition of nonfluorescent sugars allowed evaluation of the association constant for competing ligands. The thermodynamic parameters for the binding of monosaccharides suggest that the OH groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6 in the D-galactose configuration are important loci for interaction with the lectin. The acetamido group at C-2 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose and a methoxyl group at C-1 of methyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside are presumably also involved in binding through nonpolar and van der Waals' interactions. The T-antigenic disaccharide Gal beta 1----3GalNAc binds very strongly to the lectin when compared with methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, the beta(1----3)-linked disaccharides such as Gal beta 1----3GlcNAc, and the beta(1----4)-linked disaccharides, N-acetyllactosamine and lactose. The major stabilizing force for the avid binding of T-antigenic disaccharide appears to be a favorable enthalpic contribution. The combining site of the lectin is, therefore, extended. These data taken together suggest that the Artocarpus lectin is specific toward the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. There are subtle differences in the overall topography of its combining site when compared with that of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin. The results of stopped flow spectrometry for the binding of N-dansylgalactosamine tot he Artocarpus lectin are consistent with a simple single-step bimolecular association and unimolecular dissociation rate processes. The value of K+1 and K-1 at 21 degrees C are 8.1 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 and 50 s-1, respectively. The activation parameters indicate an enthalpy-controlled association process.
Ultrafast spatio-temporal near-field control (2006)

The analysis of different illumination geometries shows that the dominant control mechanism is based on two-pathway interference, i.e. the modes excited by the two incident polarization components interfere locally and thus determine the local field. The demonstrated substantial degree of controllability for the near-field distribution opens a route to simultaneous spatial and time-resolved optical near-field spectroscopy. Furthermore, novel fascinating coherent control schemes can be implemented in which the electric field is adapted and optimized in three polarization directions as well as three spatial coordinates on a nanometer length scale.
Moonwalk (2017)

Cloud services are becoming increasingly globalized and data-center workloads are expanding exponentially. GPU and FPGA-based clouds have illustrated improvements in power and performance by accelerating compute-intensive workloads. ASIC-based clouds are a promising way to optimize the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a given datacenter computation (e.g. YouTube transcoding) by reducing both energy consumption and marginal computation cost.
Performance Enhancement of Flip-Chip Packaged AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by Strain Engineering Design (2016)

The piezoelectric polarization of the AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) is strongly related to the strain state in the active area. Therefore, understanding the strain behavior inside the channel is crucial to the device electrical performance improvement of devices. This paper, for the first time, reveals the potential of optimizing flip-chip structures with active-region bumps to modulate the strain state of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT for enhancing the piezoelectric effect. The thermo-mechanical strain is observed to be affected by the physical dimensions and the material properties of the package. Thus, incorporating device strain engineering into packaging design will be very important for GaN devices due to their strong piezoelectric effects.
Human promyelocytic leukemia cells in culture differentiate into macrophage-like cells when treated with a phorbol diester. (1979)

When suspension cultures of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (line HL60) were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA; 1.6-160 nM), more than 80% of the cells adhered to the plastic substrate within 24 hr. Within the same time period the immature azurophilic granulations typical of HL60 promyelocytic cells disappeared and the nuclear chromatin became more condensed, but the nucleolus was retained. The attached cells stopped dividing and synthesizing DNA. The phenomenon was irreversible and independent of the continuous presence of TPA. Approximately 60% of the untreated cells and of TPA-treated cells bore surface Fc receptors for IgG. Under the experimental conditions used, about 10% of the TPA-treated cells were also able to phagocytize IgG-coated erythrocytes and more than 80% were able to phagocytize latex beads, but untreated controls were unable to do so. Cellular levels of NADase, acid phosphatase, and non-specific esterase were markedly increased after treatment with TPA, whereas little or no increase was seen after treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), a drug that induces myeloid differentiation of HL60 cells. Peroxidase activity was lower in TPA-treated and Me2SO-treated cells than in HL60 cells. More lysozyme was found in the medium of TPA-treated cells than in the medium of untreated or Me2SO-treated cells. These data indicate that, after treatment with TPA, human promyelocytic leukemia cells can differentiate into cells that have several characteristics of macrophages.
A study of why cross channel prediction is not applicable to perceptual audio coding (2001)

We have studied and concluded that the time domain cross channel prediction is generally not applicable to perceptual audio coding. From the statistical analysis, correlation among certain channels seems to be enough to provide some coding gain and the prediction also successfully reduces the total energy of the signal to be coded. But this energy decrease and its resulting bit reduction mainly happens in the low frequency bands. In fact, the whitening effect of the prediction filter increases either the energy or the energy peaks in the high frequency region. As a result, more bits are required to code the high-frequency part of the signal and this increase outpaces the bit reduction realized in the low frequency region. Therefore, using cross channel linear prediction in the multichannel perceptual audio coding does not provide a net coding gain.
Inflammatory markers and cognition in well-functioning African-American and white elders (2003)

Serum markers of inflammation, especially IL-6 and CRP, are prospectively associated with cognitive decline in well-functioning elders. These findings support the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to cognitive decline in the elderly.
MR molecular imaging of the Her‐2/neu receptor in breast cancer cells using targeted iron oxide nanoparticles (2003)

MR molecular imaging is an exciting new frontier in the biomedical applications of MR. One of the clinically relevant targets is the tyrosine kinase Her-2/neu receptor, which has a significant role in staging and treating breast cancer. In this study Her-2/neu receptors were imaged in a panel of breast cancer cells expressing different numbers of the receptors on the cell membrane. Commercially available streptavidin-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles were used as targeted MR contrast agent. The nanoparticles were directed to receptors prelabeled with a biotinylated monoclonal antibody and generated strong T(2) MR contrast in Her-2/neu-expressing cells. The contrast observed in MR images was proportional to the expression level of Her-2/neu receptors determined independently with FACS analysis. In these experiments, iron oxide nanoparticles were attached to the cell surface and were not internalized into the cells, which is a major advantage for in vivo applications of the method.
Generation of a ciliary margin-like stem cell niche from self-organizing human retinal tissue (2015)

In the developing neural retina (NR), multipotent stem cells within the ciliary margin (CM) contribute to de novo retinal tissue growth. We recently reported the ability of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to self-organize stratified NR using a three-dimensional culture technique. Here we report the emergence of CM-like stem cell niches within human retinal tissue. First, we developed a culture method for selective NR differentiation by timed BMP4 treatment. We then found that inhibiting GSK3 and FGFR induced the transition from NR tissue to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and that removing this inhibition facilitated the reversion of this RPE-like tissue back to the NR fate. This step-wise induction-reversal method generated tissue aggregates with RPE at the margin of central-peripherally polarized NR. We demonstrate that the NR-RPE boundary tissue further self-organizes a niche for CM stem cells that functions to expand the NR peripherally by de novo progenitor generation.
Nonlinear alternating-current tunneling microscopy (1989)

A new method of scanning tunneling microscopy is proposed that should allow atomic resolution imaging on insulators. A nonlinear ac technique is used that is shown to allow stable control of a microscope tip above insulating surfaces where dc tunneling is not possible, including aluminum oxide and liquid-crystal layers. Images of copper oxide and ${\mathrm{WSe}}_{2}$ have been obtained using this technique. Nanometer features have been observed.
Exosomal miR-9 inhibits angiogenesis by targeting MDK and regulating PDK/AKT pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2018)

Taken together, our data identify an extracellular anti-angiogenic role for tumor-derived, exosome-associated miR-9 in NPC tumorigenesis and prompt further investigation into exosome-based therapies for cancer treatment.
Dual-color superresolution microscopy reveals nanoscale organization of mechanosensory podosomes (2013)

Podosomes are multimolecular mechanosensory assemblies that coordinate mesenchymal migration of tissue-resident dendritic cells. They have a protrusive actin core and an adhesive ring of integrins and adaptor proteins, such as talin and vinculin. We recently demonstrated that core actin oscillations correlate with intensity fluctuations of vinculin but not talin, suggesting different molecular rearrangements for these components. Detailed information on the mutual localization of core and ring components at the nanoscale is lacking. By dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we for the first time determined the nanoscale organization of individual podosomes and their spatial arrangement within large clusters formed at the cell-substrate interface. Superresolution imaging of three ring components with respect to actin revealed that the cores are interconnected and linked to the ventral membrane by radiating actin filaments. In core-free areas, αMβ2 integrin and talin islets are homogeneously distributed, whereas vinculin preferentially localizes proximal to the core and along the radiating actin filaments. Podosome clusters appear as self-organized contact areas, where mechanical cues might be efficiently transduced and redistributed. Our findings call for a reevaluation of the current "core-ring" model and provide a novel structural framework for further understanding the collective behavior of podosome clusters.
The MEF2D transcription factor mediates stress-dependent cardiac remodeling in mice (2008)

The adult heart responds to excessive neurohumoral signaling and workload by a pathological growth response characterized by hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and activation of a fetal program of cardiac gene expression. These responses culminate in diminished pump function, ventricular dilatation, wall thinning, and fibrosis, and can result in sudden death. Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factors serve as targets of the signaling pathways that drive pathological cardiac remodeling, but the requirement for MEF2 factors in the progression of heart disease in vivo has not been determined. MEF2A and MEF2D are the primary MEF2 factors expressed in the adult heart. To specifically determine the role of MEF2D in pathological cardiac remodeling, we generated mice with a conditional MEF2D allele. MEF2D-null mice were viable, but were resistant to cardiac hypertrophy, fetal gene activation, and fibrosis in response to pressure overload and beta-chronic adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, we show in a transgenic mouse model that forced overexpression of MEF2D was sufficient to drive the fetal gene program and pathological remodeling of the heart. These results reveal a unique and important function for MEF2D in stress-dependent cardiac growth and reprogramming of gene expression in the adult heart.
Differentiation of glial cells and motor neurons during the formation of neuromuscular junctions in cocultures of rat spinal cord explant and human muscle (2001)

Motor axons extending from embryonic rat spinal cord explants form fully mature neuromuscular junctions with cocultured human muscle. This degree of maturation is not observed in muscle innervated by dissociated motor neurons. Glial cells present in the spinal cord explants seem to be, besides remaining interneurons, the major difference between the two culture systems. In light of this observation and the well documented role of glia in neuronal development, it can be hypothesized that differentiated and long-lived neuromuscular junctions form in vitro only if their formation is accompanied by codifferentiation of neuronal and glial cells and if this codifferentiation follows the spatial and temporal pattern observed in vivo. Investigation of this hypothesis necessitates the characterization of neuronal and glial cell development in spinal cord explant-muscle cocultures. No such study has been reported, although these cocultures have been used in numerous studies of neuromuscular junction formation. The aim of this work was therefore to investigate the temporal relationship between neuromuscular junction formation and the differentiation of neuronal and glial cells during the first 3 weeks of coculture, when formation and development of the neuromuscular junction occurs in vitro. The expression of stage-specific markers of neuronal and glial differentiation in these cocultures was characterized by immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses. Differentiation of astrocytes, Schwann cells, and oligodendrocytes proceeded in concert with the differentiation of motor neurons and neuromuscular junction formation. The temporal coincidence between maturation of the neuromuscular junction and lineage progression of neurons and glial cells was similar to that observed in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that glial cells are a major contributor to maturity of the neuromuscular junction formed in vitro in spinal cord explant-muscle cocultures.
Expression and Characterization of Human Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (hTRPM3) (2003)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation-selective channels are an emerging class of proteins that are involved in a variety of important biological functions including pain transduction, thermosensation, mechanoregulation, and vasorelaxation. Utilizing a bioinformatics approach, we have identified the full-length human TRPM3 (hTRPM3) as a member of the TRP family. The hTRPM3 gene is comprised of 24 exons and maps to human chromosome 9q-21.12. hTRPM3 is composed of 1555 amino acids and possesses the characteristic six-transmembrane domain of the TRP family. hTRPM3 is expressed primarily in kidney and, at lesser levels, in brain, testis, and spinal cord as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting. In situ hybridization in human kidney demonstrated that hTRPM3 mRNA expression is predominantly found in the collecting tubular epithelium. Heterologous expression of hTRPM3 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) showed that hTRPM3 is localized to the cell membrane. hTRPM3-expressing cells exhibited Ca2+ concentration-dependent Ca2+ entry. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration and treatment with the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol further augmented hTRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry. The nonselective Ca2+ channel blocker, lanthanide gadolinium (Gd3+), partially inhibited hTRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hTRPM3 mediates a Ca2+ entry pathway that apparently is distinct from the endogenous Ca2+ entry pathways present in HEK 293 cells.
Biomaterials to prevent nosocomial infections: is silver the gold standard? (2000)

Although many antimicrobial biomaterials have shown promising activity in vitro, few anti-infective prosthetic devices manufactured from these materials have yet achieved any degree of success in clinical trials. Controversy surrounds the exploitation of antibiotics in these materials and the microbiological methods that have been used in the clinical trials on the devices.
SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (1955)

To understand the scientific basis for the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease it is necessary to analyze information obtained by experiments on dogs. One of us (C. S. B.) and his associates have done about 5,000 operations on the coronary blood vessels in the last 23 years, and these are the basis for this presentation. There are several variables inherent in this work, and it is appropriate here to state that these must be properly taken care of, otherwise erroneous conclusions will be made. A report on much of this experimental work has been published inThe Journal. 1 In these experiments the reduction in coronary artery inflow was produced by placing ligatures around the coronary arteries. In the human, arteriosclerosis produces reduction in coronary artery inflow. The net result is reduction in arterial inflow. This is not a study of arteriosclerosis. Even if this disease could be produced
Molecular profiling of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies robust subtypes including one characterized by host inflammatory response (2004)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with recognized variability in clinical outcome, genetic features, and cells of origin. To date, transcriptional profiling has been used to highlight similarities between DLBCL tumor cells and normal B-cell subtypes and associate genes and pathways with unfavorable outcome. To identify robust and highly reproducible DL-BCL subtypes with comprehensive transcriptional signatures, we used a large series of newly diagnosed DLBCLs, whole genome arrays, and multiple clustering methods. Tumors were also analyzed for known common genetic abnormalities in DLBCL. There were 3 discrete subsets of DLBCL-"oxidative phosphorylation," "B-cell receptor/proliferation," and "host response" (HR)-identified characterized using gene set enrichment analysis and confirmed in an independent series. HR tumors had increased expression of T/natural killer cell receptor and activation pathway components, complement cascade members, macrophage/dendritic cell markers, and inflammatory mediators. HR DLB-CLs also contained significantly higher numbers of morphologically distinct CD2+/CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interdigitating S100+/gamma interferon-induced lysosomal transferase-positive (GILT+) CD1a-/CD123- dendritic cells. The HR cluster shared features of histologically defined T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma, including fewer genetic abnormalities, younger age at presentation, and frequent splenic and bone marrow involvement. These studies identify tumor microenvironment and host inflammatory response as defining features in DLBCL and suggest rational treatment targets in specific DLBCL subsets.