gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless wakeups revisited (2007)

IP based telephony is rapidly gaining acceptance over traditional means of voice communication. Wireless LANs are also becoming ubiquitous due to their inherent ease of deployment and decreasing costs. In enterpriseWi-Fi environments, VoIP is a compelling application for devices such as smart phones with multiple wireless interfaces. However, the high energy consumption of Wi-Fi interfaces, especially when a device is idle,presents a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of VoIP over Wi-Fi.To address this issue, we present Cell2Notify, a practical and deployable energy management architecture that leverages the cellular radio on a smart phone to implement wakeup for the high-energy consumption Wi-Fi radio. We present detailed measurements of energy consumption on smart phone devices, and we show that Cell2Notify, can extend the battery lifetime of VoIPover Wi-Fi enabled smart phones by a factor of 1.7 to 6.4.
A Global Perspective on Vaccine Safety and Public Health: The Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (2004)

Established in 1999, the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety advises the World Health Organization (WHO) on vaccine-related safety issues and enables WHO to respond promptly, efficiently, and with scientific rigor to issues of vaccine safety with potential global importance. The committee also assesses the implications of vaccine safety for practice worldwide and for WHO policies. We describe the principles on which the committee was established, its modus operandi, and the scope of the work undertaken, both present and future. We highlight its recent recommendations on major issues, including the purported link between the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism and the safety of the mumps, influenza, yellow fever, BCG, and smallpox vaccines as well as that of thiomersal-containing vaccines.
Characterization of the Mouse IFN-λ Ligand-Receptor System: IFN-λs Exhibit Antitumor Activity against B16 Melanoma (2006)

Recently discovered type III IFNs (IFN-lambda) exert their antiviral and immunomodulatory activities through a unique receptor complex composed of IFN-lambdaR1 and interleukin-10 receptor 2. To further study type III IFNs, we cloned and characterized mouse IFN-lambda ligand-receptor system. We showed that, similar to their human orthologues, mIFN-lambda2 and mIFN-lambda3 signal through the IFN-lambda receptor complex, activate IFN stimulated gene factor 3, and are capable of inducing antiviral protection and MHC class I antigen expression in several cell types including B16 melanoma cells. We then used the murine B16 melanoma model to investigate the potential antitumor activities of IFN-lambdas. We developed B16 cells constitutively expressing murine IFN-lambda2 (B16.IFN-lambda2 cells) and evaluated their tumorigenicity in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Although constitutive expression of mIFN-lambda2 in melanoma cells did not affect their proliferation in vitro, the growth of B16.IFN-lambda2 cells, when injected s.c. into mice, was either retarded or completely prevented. We found that rejection of the modified tumor cells correlated with their level of IFN-lambda2 expression. We then developed IFN-lambda-resistant B16.IFN-lambda2 cells (B16.IFN-lambda2Res cells) and showed that their tumorigenicity was also highly impaired or completely abolished similar to B16.IFN-lambda2 cells, suggesting that IFN-lambdas engage host mechanisms to inhibit melanoma growth. These in vivo experiments show the antitumor activities of IFN-lambdas and suggest their strong therapeutic potential.
IL-17 Immunity in Human Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

Th17 immunity has been shown to regulate autoimmune diabetes in mice. IL-17 neutralization prevented development of diabetes when given postinitiation of insulitis but not earlier, suggesting interference with the effector phase of the disease. Islet-cell Ag-specific Th17 cells converted into IFN-gamma-secreting Th1-like cells and caused diabetes in mice recipients. The role of IL-17 in human type 1 diabetes (T1D) is, however, not established. In this study, we show upregulation of Th17 immunity in peripheral blood T cells from children with T1D. This was characterized by increased IL-17 secretion and expression of IL-17, IL-22, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C isoform 2, but also FOXP3 transcripts upon T cell activation in vitro. Also, circulating memory CD4 cells from children with T1D showed the same pattern of IL-17, IL-22 and FOXP3 mRNA upregulation, indicating IL-17 pathway activation in vivo. IL-17-positive T cells appeared to be CD4(+) cells expressing TCR-alphabeta and CCR6, and a subpopulation showed coproduction of IFN-gamma. Given the Th17 immunity in T1D, we demonstrated that IL-17 had detrimental effects on human islet cells in vitro; it potentiated both inflammatory and proapoptotic responses. Our findings highlight the role of IL-17 immunity in the pathogenesis of human T1D and point to a potential therapeutic strategy.
Effects of geometric confinement on the adhesive debonding of soft elastic solids (2003)

The effect of increasing confinement on soft elastic gel layers has been investigated and a means of analyzing the behavior of such systems has been developed. A probe tack test was used to study the behavior of thin elastic layers during interfacial debonding from a cylindrical glass indenter. For this gel-indenter system, confinement is defined as the ratio of a(0), the radius of the indenter, to h, the thickness of the elastic layer. In order to investigate geometric effects, the adhesion energy of the gel was kept constant while the thickness and modulus of the gels were varied. A fracture mechanics approach, based on the compliance of the layer, has been employed in analyzing the experimental data. It is shown that a fracture mechanics analysis is appropriate for these systems, allowing quantitative results to be obtained, despite very irregular contacts. It has also been shown that the interfacial instabilities observed during debonding maximize the compliance of the elastic layer. Additionally, four dimensionless parameters that dictate the behavior of confined systems have been defined, offering a general guide to understanding and characterizing the mechanical behavior of thin elastic layers.
Mode-locking of a neodymium-doped monomode fibre laser (1986)

A neodymium-doped monomode fibre laser operating at 1.08 pm has been actively mode-locked usmg intracavity acousto-optic loss modulation. The mode-locked laser output consisted of a train of pulses of less than 1 ns FWHM with an energy of ∼ 17 pJ at a repetition rate of 41.45 MHz. When the laser was simultaneously Q-switched the peak power of the mode-locked pulses inside the 690 ns-wide envelope was enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude.
Phase I trial of doxorubicin with cyclosporine as a modulator of multidrug resistance. (1994)

CsA inhibits the clearance of both doxorubicin and doxorubicinol. Equivalent myelosuppression was observed when the dose of doxorubicin with CsA was 60% of the dose of doxorubicin without CsA. Understanding these pharmacokinetic interactions is essential for the design and interpretation of clinical trials of MDR modulation, and should be studied with more potent MDR modulators.
Synthesis, enzymatic hydrolysis and physico-chemical properties of N-substituted 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate diester prodrugs of ganciclovir. (1991)

Various N-substituted 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate diesters of ganciclovir were synthesized and evaluated as prodrug forms with the aim of improving the delivery characteristics of ganciclovir. The esters were hydrolyzed enzymatically by human plasma to the parent drug, the hydrolysis proceeding through formation of the corresponding monoester. The nature of the amino substituents had a marked influence on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, the most enzymatically labile ester being the 4-(morpholinomethyl)benzoate derivative. All esters were more lipophilic than ganciclovir in terms of octanol-pH 7.4 buffer partition coefficients. These properties combined with good aqueous solubility and high chemical stability in weakly acidic solutions make the N-substituted 4-(aminomethyl)benzoate diesters a promising prodrug type for ganciclovir to enhance its delivery characteristics for e.g. parenteral administration.
The Impact of Physical Activity on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Girls (1996)

These findings suggest that the intensity of physical activity may be a more important determinant of LDL-C in children than the energy spent on physical activity.
Monitoring the penetration process of single microneedles with varying tip diameters (2014)

Microneedles represent promising tools for delivery of drugs to the skin. However, before these microneedles can be used in clinical practice, it is essential to understand the process of skin penetration by these microneedles. The present study was designed to monitor both penetration depth and force of single solid microneedles with various tip diameters ranging from 5 to 37µm to provide insight into the penetration process into the skin of these sharp microneedles. To determine the microneedle penetration depth, single microneedles were inserted in human ex vivo skin while monitoring the surface of the skin. Simultaneously, the force on the microneedles was measured. The average penetration depth at 1.5mm displacement was similar for all tip diameters. However, the process of penetration depth was significantly different for the various microneedles. Microneedles with a tip diameter of 5µm were smoothly inserted into the skin, while the penetration depth of microneedles with a larger tip diameter suddenly increased after initial superficial penetration. In addition, the force at insertion (defined as the force at a sudden decrease in measured force) linearly increased with tip diameter ranging from 20 to 167mN. The force drop at insertion was associated with a measured penetration depth of approximately 160μm for all tip diameters, suggesting that the drop in force was due to the penetration of a deeper skin layer. This study showed that sharp microneedles are essential to insert microneedles in a well-controlled way to a desired depth.
Plerixafor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for first-line steady-state autologous peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in lymphoma and multiple myeloma: results of the prospective PREDICT trial (2012)

In Europe, the combination of plerixafor + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is approved for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous transplantation in patients with lymphoma and myeloma whose cells mobilize poorly. The purpose of this study was to further assess the safety and efficacy of plerixafor + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for front-line mobilization in European patients with lymphoma or myeloma. In this multicenter, open label, single-arm study, patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 μg/kg/day) subcutaneously for 4 days; on the evening of day 4 they were given plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg) subcutaneously. Patients underwent apheresis on day 5 after a morning dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The primary study objective was to confirm the safety of mobilization with plerixafor. Secondary objectives included assessment of efficacy (apheresis yield, time to engraftment). The combination of plerixafor + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in 118 patients (90 with myeloma, 25 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 3 with Hodgkin's disease). Treatment-emergent plerixafor-related adverse events were reported in 24 patients. Most adverse events occurred within 1 hour after injection, were grade 1 or 2 in severity and included gastrointestinal disorders or injection-site reactions. The minimum cell yield (≥ 2 × 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg) was harvested in 98% of patients with myeloma and in 80% of those with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a median of one apheresis. The optimum cell dose (≥ 5 × 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or ≥ 6 × 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg for myeloma) was harvested in 89% of myeloma patients and 48% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. In this prospective, multicenter European study, mobilization with plerixafor + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor allowed the majority of patients with myeloma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to undergo transplantation with minimal toxicity, providing further data supporting the safety and efficacy of plerixafor + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for front-line mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or myeloma.
Particle sizing — Past and present (1993)

Specific properties of a compound are a function of the size of the particles that it contains or from which it is composed. Accurate size analysis reveals a hidden world, and provides a basis from which these properties can be examined, manipulated and subsequently used. In this article Alan Simmons, Scientific Instruments Business Manager at Coulter Electronics UK, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the methods designed for this purpose.
Analysis of peptides and proteins containing nitrotyrosine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2001)

Oxidative damage to proteins can occur under physiological conditions through the action of reactive oxygen species, including those containing nitrogen such as peroxynitrite (ONO2-). Peroxynitrite has been shown in vitro to target tyrosine residues in proteins through free radical addition to produce 3-nitrotyrosine. In this work, we show that mass spectral patterns associated with 3-nitrotyrosine containing peptides allow identification of peptides containing this modification. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used to characterize a synthetic peptide AAFGY(m-NO2)AR and several peptides containing 3-nitrotyrosine derived from bovine serum albumin treated with tetranitromethane. A unique series of ions were found for these peptides in addition to the mass shift of +45 Da corresponding to the addition of the nitro group. Specifically, two additional ions were observed at roughly equal abundance that correspond to the loss of one and two oxygens, and at lower abundances, two ions are seen that suggest the formation of hydroxylamine and amine derivatives. These latter four components appear to originate by laser-induced photochemical decomposition. MALDI-MS analysis of the synthetic peptide containing 3-nitrotyrosine revealed this same pattern. Post-source decay (PSD) MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) and collisional activation using a prototype MALDI quadrupole TOF yielded extensive fragmentation that allowed site-specific identification of 3-nitrotyrosine. Conversion of peptides containing 3-nitrotyrosine to 3-aminotyrosine with Na2S2O4 yielded a single molecular ion by MALDI with an abundant sidechain loss under PSD conditions. These observations suggest that MALDI can provide a selective method for the analysis and characterization of 3-nitrotyrosine-containing peptides.
Tin oxide gas sensor fabricated using CMOS micro-hotplates and in-situ processing (1993)

A monolithic tin oxide (SnO/sub 2/) gas sensor realized by commercial CMOS foundry fabrication (MOSIS) and postfabrication processing techniques is reported. The device is composed of a sensing film that is sputter-deposited on a silicon micromachined hotplate. The fabrication technique requires no masking and utilizes in situ process control and monitoring of film resistivity during film growth. Microhotplate temperature is controlled from ambient to 500 degrees C with a thermal efficiency of 8 degrees C/mW and thermal response time of 0.6 ms. Gas sensor responses of pure SnO/sub 2/ films to H/sub 2/ and O/sub 2/ with an operating temperature of 350 degrees C are reported. The fabrication methodology allows integration of an array of gas sensors of various films with separate temperature control for each element in the array, and circuits for a low-cost CMOS-based gas sensor system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Required Immunoproteasome Subunit Inhibition Profile for Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy and Clinical Candidate KZR-616 ((2S,3R)-N-((S)-3-(Cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-1-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((S)-2-(2-morpholinoacetamido)propanamido)propenamide) (2018)

Selective immunoproteasome inhibition is a promising approach for treating autoimmune disorders, but optimal proteolytic active site subunit inhibition profiles remain unknown. We reveal here our design of peptide epoxyketone-based selective low molecular mass polypeptide-7 (LMP7) and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit-1 (MECL-1) subunit inhibitors. Utilizing these and our previously disclosed low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2) inhibitor, we demonstrate a requirement of dual LMP7/LMP2 or LMP7/MECL-1 subunit inhibition profiles for potent cytokine expression inhibition and in vivo efficacy in an inflammatory disease model. These and additional findings toward optimized solubility led the design and selection of KZR-616 disclosed here and presently in clinical trials for treatment of rheumatic disease.
Role of Cell Culture for Virus Detection in the Age of Technology (2007)

Viral disease diagnosis has traditionally relied on the isolation of viral pathogens in cell cultures. Although this approach is often slow and requires considerable technical expertise, it has been regarded for decades as the "gold standard" for the laboratory diagnosis of viral disease. With the development of nonculture methods for the rapid detection of viral antigens and/or nucleic acids, the usefulness of viral culture has been questioned. This review describes advances in cell culture-based viral diagnostic products and techniques, including the use of newer cell culture formats, cryopreserved cell cultures, centrifugation-enhanced inoculation, precytopathogenic effect detection, cocultivated cell cultures, and transgenic cell lines. All of these contribute to more efficient and less technically demanding viral detection in cell culture. Although most laboratories combine various culture and nonculture approaches to optimize viral disease diagnosis, virus isolation in cell culture remains a useful approach, especially when a viable isolate is needed, if viable and nonviable virus must be differentiated, when infection is not characteristic of any single virus (i.e., when testing for only one virus is not sufficient), and when available culture-based methods can provide a result in a more timely fashion than molecular methods.
Decreased number of steroid receptors of circulating lymphocytes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. (1986)

The number of steroid receptors of circulating lymphocytes was determined in 13 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in controls. Marked reduction of the number of receptors was observed both in Crohn's disease and in ulcerative colitis; no receptors were detected by radioactive hormone binding assay in 4 cases.
Exploiting k -constraints to reduce memory overhead in continuous queries over data streams (2004)

Continuous queries often require significant run-time state over arbitrary data streams. However, streams may exhibit certain data or arrival patterns, or constraints , that can be detected and exploited to reduce state considerably without compromising correctness. Rather than requiring constraints to be satisfied precisely, which can be unrealistic in a data streams environment, we introduce k-constraints , where k is an adherence parameter specifying how closely a stream adheres to the constraint. (Smaller k 's are closer to strict adherence and offer better memory reduction.) We present a query processing architecture, called k-Mon , that detects useful k -constraints automatically and exploits the constraints to reduce run-time state for a wide range of continuous queries. Experimental results showed dramatic state reduction, while only modest computational overhead was incurred for our constraint monitoring and query execution algorithms.
Camera lens radial distortion compensation by illuminating the epipolar lines with a projector (2010)

Conventional radial distortion compensation methods use a calibration object or specific features within a scene. However, in this paper, we propose an automatic radial distortion compensation using a structured light system without a calibration object, a specific scene like a straight line, or knowledge of calibration parameters. When the projector illuminates straight lines along epipolar lines, the straight lines are not deformed, regardless of changes in the object shape and the relative position and orientation between the projector and the camera. Therefore, we can optimize the distortion parameters by minimizing the distance between the extracted lines in the image and the epipolar line. We can detect the lines with dynamic programming and the sub-pixel algorithm for more accurate results. The method computes the first-order radial distortion parameter, the center of radial distortion. We compared the distorted image with the undistorted image using the proposed method in the experiment. The RMS error of the straight line in the distorted image becomes smaller than threshold and the straight line in the distorted image looks like a straight line.
Anisotropy in detectivity of GaN Schottky ultraviolet detectors: Comparing lateral and vertical geometry (2002)

Vertical and lateral geometry GaN-based Schottky barrier photodetectors have been implemented, using similar quality material and the same fabrication process. The vertical detector exhibits two orders of magnitude higher responsivity. This is attributed to improved ohmic backcontacts, due to the highly doped buried layer. The vertical detectors exhibits also lower 1/f noise level, which is attributed to the reduced effect of dislocations on the carrier transport, resulting in lower mobility fluctuations. The vertical detector normalized detectivity is four orders of magnitude higher.
Highly dispersive micro-ring resonator based on one dimensional photonic crystal waveguide design and analysis (2007)

We propose and analyze a novel design of a hybrid micro-ring resonator and photonic crystal device. The proposed device is based on a micro-ring resonator with the addition of a series of periodic defects that are introduced to the microring. When the wavelength of operation approaches the band-gap of the periodic structure, the modal dispersion is significantly increased. The huge dispersion leads to narrowing of the spectral linewidth of the resonator. We predict an order of magnitude linewidth narrowing for a microring radius of the order of 10mum. The proposed hybrid device is analyzed theoretically and numerically using finite-elements calculations and finite-difference-time-domain calculations. We also present as well as the design and analysis of add-drop and notch filters based on the highly dispersive ring resonator.
Gene Expression of Adiponectin Receptors in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Is Related to Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Parameters and Is Altered in Response to Physical Training (2007)

AdipoR2 mRNA expression in fat is negatively associated with insulin resistance and metabolic parameters independently of obesity and may mediate the improvement of insulin resistance in response to exercise.