Polymer chemistry : the basic concepts (2007)

Chains and Averages of Polymers: An Overview Introduction How Big is Big? Linear and Branched Polymers and Homo- and Copolymers Addition, Condensation, and Natural Polymers Polymer Nomenclature Positional, Stereo, and Geometrical Isomerism Molecular Weight by End Group Analysis Molecular Weight Averages The Binomial Distribution and the Random Walk Size Parameters for Random Coils Application to Polymer Chains Preview of Things to Come BULK POLYMERS AND THEIR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR The Viscous State Introduction The Coefficient of Viscosity Measuring Viscosity: Concentric Cylinder Viscometers The Power Law for Pseudoplastic Liquids A Model for Flow in Liquids Flow as a Rate Process The Effect of Shearing Forces Testing the Eyring Equation The Molecular Weight Dependence of Viscosity: Experimental A Theory for Viscosity in the Absence of Entanglements The Segmental Friction Factor Dealing with Entanglements: The Bueche Theory The Reptation Model The Effects of Branching The Elastic and Viscoelastic States Introduction Elastic Deformation Thermodynamics and Elasticity Entropy Elasticity Experimental Behavior of Elastomers The Shear Modulus and the Compliance The Maxwell Model: Stress Relaxation Understanding the Modulus: Molecules and Models The Voigt Model: Creep Dynamic Viscoelasticity The Dynamic Components: Measurement and Interpretation A Molecular Theory for Viscoelasticity: The Rouse Model The Glassy and Crystalline States Introduction The Glass and Melting Transitions The Thermodynamics of Crystallization: Round I The Thermodynamics of Melting: Round 2 The Kinetics of Crystallization: The Avrami Equation The Kinetics of Crystallization: Experimental Levels of Structure: Crystal Morphology Thermodynamics and the Glass Transition Free Volume Time-Temperature Equivalency Polymer Processing Technology Preview of Things to Come Some Important Classes of Polymers and Polymerization Reactions Condensation or Step-Growth Polymerization Introduction Condensation Polymers: One Step at a Time The Kinetics of Step-Growth Polymerization The Distribution of Molecular Sizes Polyesters Polyamides Stoichiometric Imbalance Branching and Crosslinking Some Cross-linked Step-Growth Polymers Rings n Things More Rings Addition or Chain-Growth Polymerization Introduction Chain-Growth and Step-Growth Polymerizations Some Comparisons Initiation Termination Propagation Radical Lifetime Distribution of Molecular Weights Chain Transfer Techniques of Polymerization: Emulsion Polymerization Anionic Polymerization Cationic Polymerization Polymers with Microstructure: Copolymers and Stereoregular Polymers Introduction Copolymer Composition Reactivity Ratios Resonance and Reactivity The Price-Alfrey Equation A Closer Look at Microstructure Copolymer Composition and Microstructure: Experimental Applications of Copolymers Stereoregular Polymers A Statistical Description of Stereoregularity Measuring Stereoregularity by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Preview of Things to Come SOME PROPERTIES OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO POLYMER CHARACTER The Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions Introduction Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics The Flory-Huggins Theory: The Entropy of Mixing The Flory-Huggins Theory: The Enthalpy of Mixing Cohesive Energy Density. Phase Separation Polymer Fractionation Osmotic Pressure Molecular Weight by Osmometry Excluded Volume The Flory-Krigbaum Theory Theta Conditions Osmotic Pressure of Charged Polymers The Frictional Properties of Polymers in Solution Introduction Viscous Forces on Rigid Spheres The Intrinsic Viscosity of Rigid Molecules The Poiseuille Equation and Capillary Viscometers The Mark-Houwink Equation To Drain or Not to Drain? The Coil Expansion Factor The Diffusion Coefficient and the Friction Factor The Diffusion Coefficient: Experimental Sedimentation Velocity and Sedimentation Equilibrium Gel Permeation Chromatography Light Scattering By Polymer Solutions Introduction The Intensity of Scattered Light and Turbidity Electric Fields and Their Interaction with Matter Light Scattering by an Isolated Molecule Rayleigh Scattering Fluctuations and Rayleigh Scattering Light Scattering by Solutions Experimental Aspects of Light Scattering Optical Interference The Radius of Gyration Zimm Plots Appendix: Electrical Units