gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Virulence ofGibberella zeaeCaused by Disruption of a TrichotheceneToxin Biosynthetic Gene (1995)

The production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of Fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence. Gibberella zeae (F. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol. To determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. The disrupted gene, Tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first step in trichothecene biosynthesis. To disrupt Tri5, G. zeae was transformed with a plasmid carrying a doubly truncated copy of the Tri5 coding region interrupted by a hygromycin B resistance gene. Tri5- transformants were selected by screening for the inability to produce trichothecenes and by Southern blot analysis. Tri5- strains exhibited reduced virulence on seedlings of Wheaton wheat and common winter rye, but wild-type virulence on seedlings of Golden Bantam maize. On Caldwell and Marshall wheat and Porter oat seedlings, Tri5- strains were inconsistent in causing less disease than their wild-type progenitor strain. Head blight developed more slowly on Wheaton when inoculated with Tri5- mutants than when inoculated with wild-type strains. These results suggest that trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of G. zeae on some hosts.
Using simulation to schedule manufacturing resources (1997)

This paper discusses a real-world application of simulation to schedule operator and machine resources in a floor tile manufacturing plant. The paper discusses attempts at using a spread sheet, a simulator, and finally ProModel in the scheduling process.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates flagellin expression as part of a global response to airway fluid from cystic fibrosis patients (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are highly susceptible to chronic lung infections by the environmental bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overproduction and accumulation of dehydrated viscous respiratory mucus and excessive inflammation represents a defining feature of CF and constitutes the major environment encountered by P. aeruginosa during chronic infections. We applied whole-genome microarray technology to investigate the ability of P. aeruginosa to respond to signals found in muco-purulent airway liquids collected from chronically infected CF patients. Particularly notable was the activation of the Rhl-dependent quorum-sensing (QS) network and repression of fliC, which encodes flagellin. Activation of the Rhl branch of the QS network supports the observation that QS molecules are produced in the chronically infected CF lung. The shut-off of flagellin synthesis in response to CF airway liquids was rapid and independent of QS and the known regulatory networks controlling the hierarchical expression of flagellar genes. As flagellin is highly immunogenic and subject to detection by host pattern recognition receptors, its repression may represent an adaptive response that allows P. aeruginosa to avoid detection by host defense mechanisms and phagocytosis during the chronic phase of CF lung infections.
Interfer beta augments supperssor cell function in multiple sclerosis (1990)

Suppressor cell function has been previously reported to be decreased in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The abnormality could not be corrected in vitro and was present even after patients were treated with immunosuppressive agents. We now report that interferon beta augments suppressor cell function in vitro in progressive MS. Nonspecific suppressor cell function as measured in a concanavalin A (Con A) suppressor assay was reduced in 24 MS patients (mean percent suppression, 19.6 +/- 2.2) when compared to 19 normal subjects (mean percent suppression, 35.0 +/- 3.3). The data are highly significant (p less than 0.001). When recombinant human interferon beta (10(3) units/ml) was added to lymphocyte cultures with Con A, suppressor activity improved significantly. The mean percent suppression improved from 19.6 +/- 2.2 to 37.8 +/- 2.6 in MS (p less than 0.001) and from 35.0 +/- 3.3 to 46.2 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.025) in control subjects. This study shows that recombinant interferon beta improves suppressor function in humans, an effect that is particularly significant in progressive MS.
Premedication with Oral Dexmedetomidine Alters Hemodynamic Actions of Intravenous Anesthetic Agents in Chronically Instrumented Dogs (1992)

Dexmedetomidine (the D-stereoisomer of medetomidine), a highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been demonstrated to produce analgesia and sedation and attenuate hemodynamic responses to emergence from inhalational anesthetics, which suggests a potential use for this drug as a premedicant for general anesthesia. The authors examined hemodynamic interactions between dexmedetomidine and three commonly used intravenous anesthetic agents with markedly different hemodynamic effects. Conscious, chronically instrumented dogs received intravenous induction doses of ketamine, propofol, or etomidate, followed by continuous infusions of each drug at four different doses for 15-min intervals on different days. Studies in six separate groups (range, 9-12 dogs/group) with and without pretreatment with oral dexmedetomidine (20 micrograms/kg) were completed. Heart rate, arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure, rate of increase of left ventricular pressure at 50 mmHg (dP/dt50), and cardiac output were continuously recorded. Dexmedetomidine administration caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in heart rate, rate-pressure product, left ventricular dP/dt50, and cardiac output. Dexmedetomidine abolished or attenuated the increase in heart rate, rate-pressure product, cardiac output, and arterial pressure produced during induction of anesthesia with ketamine. After the dexmedetomidine pretreatment, continuous infusion of ketamine caused no increase in heart rate or rate-pressure product. However, ketamine significantly reduced left ventricular dP/dt50 compared to control in dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine. Except for a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance, dexmedetomidine did not significantly affect the hemodynamic response to induction of anesthesia with propofol. Similarly, dexmedetomidine did little to alter the hemodynamic response to induction of anesthesia with etomidate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ZETA Converter based charge controller for efficient use of solar energy in street lighting system (2016)

The paper presents ZETA converter based solar charge controller with the function to disconnect the battery during overcharging or deep-discharging for efficient use of solar energy in street lighting system. Purpose of circuit’s designed is to charge the battery between upper and lower voltage limits in addition to continuously checking the status of charge of battery to add or release current accordingly. The designed circuit will provide alternative path to the power when battery is fully charged. Main difference between the method used in the proposed system and other techniques used in the past is that ZETA converter itself will act as charge controller in addition with this, specific properties of ZETA converter will be used to optimize street lighting system to reduce the power losses and cost. The designed circuit is also implemented in MATLAB using SIMULINK. So in concept of centralize architecture of PV street lighting system this design will provide a best alternative solution.
Preparation of fluorine-18 aryl fluorides: piperidyl triazenes as a source of diazonium salts (1979)

Thermal decomposition of aryl diazonium salts of nonfluorinated acids in anhydrous media, generated by protonation of piperidyl triazenes, gives products resulting from reaction with added nucleophiles including high specific activity 18F-fluoride ions.
Characterization of antral gastrin cells with region-specific antisera. (1977)

A number of gastrin antisera, which in radioimmunoassay systems showed no or negligible cross-reactivity towards the structurally and functionally related peptide cholecystokinin were found to react with both gastrin and cholecystokinin cells when used for immunocytochemistry. This discrepancy was shown to be due either to reactivity against a COOH-terminal region common to gastrin and cholecystokinin or to the occurrence of heterogenous antibody populations in the antisera. By differential absorptions the latter type of antisera could be rendered specific for gastrin. Antisera reactive against the NH2-terminal, middle or COOH-terminal regions of human heptadecapeptide gastrin were prepared and together with a specific cholecystokinin antiserum used for the characterization of antral gastrin cells of different species. The results indicate that only the COOH-terminal region of gastrin is conserved during evolution.
Modeling inelastic deformation (1988)

We continue our development of physically-based models for animating nonrigid objects in simulated physical environments. Our prior work treats the special case of objects that undergo perfectly elastic deformations. Real materials, however, exhibit a rich variety of inelastic phenomena. For instance, objects may restore themselves to their natural shapes slowly, or perhaps only partially upon removal of forces that cause deformation. Moreover, the deformation may depend on the history of applied forces. The present paper proposes inelastically deformable models for use in computer graphics animation. These dynamic models tractably simulate three canonical inelastic behaviors---viscoelasticity, plasticity, and fracture. Viscous and plastic processes within the models evolve a reference component, which describes the natural shape, according to yield and creep relationships that depend on applied force and/or instantaneous deformation. Simple fracture mechanics result from internal processes that introduce local discontinuities as a function of the instantaneous deformations measured through the model. We apply our inelastically deformable models to achieve novel computer graphics effects.
Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 induces loss of estrogen requirements for growth and transformation. (1995)

The synergistic action of estrogens and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) promotes the growth of many human breast cancer cell lines. This synergistic effect involves estrogen-dependent induction of the IGF system, i.e., estrogens augment the number of IGF-I receptors, stimulate the secretion of IGF-II, and promote the synthesis of certain IGF-binding proteins. On the other hand, the sustained activation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) by the overexpression of IGF-II has been found to contribute to the development of the estrogen-independent phenotype in breast cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated whether the amplification of the IGF-IR intracellular signaling in MCF-7 cells can abolish or reduce estrogen requirements for growth and transformation. To this end we developed several MCF-7 clones that overexpressed insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), one of the principal substrates of the IGF-IR. We report here that in MCF-7 cells overexpressing IRS-1, estrogen requirements for growth in monolayer culture as well as in soft agar were reduced. The decreased estrogen requirements depended on the level of the overexpressed IRS-1 protein, and in cells which contained several-fold more functional IRS-1 than the parental cells, we observed total loss of estrogen dependence for growth. In addition, the importance of IRS-1 in proliferation of MCF-7 cells has been confirmed through the use of antisense strategies.
Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor: production, distribution, and metabolic fate in vivo. (1985)

A highly specific radioreceptor assay for cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was utilized to measure the time course of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hormone production in rabbits. Cachectin/TNF bioactivity was monitored in the same serum samples by measuring lipoprotein lipase (LPL) suppression in 3T3-L1 cells. Cachectin/TNF is produced in large quantities by LPS-treated rabbits without priming by bacillus Calmette Guérin, C. parvum, or other agents. Nanomolar concentrations of the hormone are achieved, with peak levels occurring at 2 hr postinjection; the hormone is rapidly cleared thereafter. In separate studies, mice were used to assess the distribution and metabolic fate of cachectin/TNF. Radioiodinated hormone is cleared from the plasma with a half-life of 6 to 7 min. Studies of the tissue distribution of label after injection demonstrate that liver, kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract take up most of the hormone. Electrophoretic analysis of tissues recovered from injected animals suggests that the hormone is very rapidly degraded after binding.
Gene expression analysis in N‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine mice model of Parkinson's disease using cDNA microarray: effect of R‐apomorphine (2001)

To establish the possible roles of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and other unknown mechanisms in neurodegeneration, we investigated brain gene alterations in N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mice model of Parkinson's disease using Atlas mouse cDNA expression array membrane. The expression of 51 different genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, glutamate and neurotrophic factors pathways as well as in still undefined processes, such as cell cycle regulators and signal transduction molecules, was differentially affected by the treatment. The present study indicates the involvement of an additional cascade of events that might act in parallel to oxidative stress and inflammation to converge eventually into a common pathway leading to neurodegeneration. The attenuation of these gene changes by R-apomorphine, an iron chelator-radical scavenger drug, supports our previous findings in vivo where R-apomorphine was neuroprotective.
Contribution of novel choline‐binding proteins to adherence, colonization and immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1997)

The surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae is decorated with a family of choline-binding proteins (CBPs) that are non-covalently bound to the phosphorylcholine of the teichoic acid. Two examples (PspA, a protective antigen, and LytA, the major autolysin) have been well characterized. We identified additional CPBs and characterized a new CBP, CbpA, as an adhesin and a determinant of virulence. Using choline immobilized on a solid matrix, a mixture of proteins from a pspA-deficient strain of pneumococcus was eluted in a choline-dependent fashion. Antisera to these proteins passively protected mice challenged in the peritoneum with a lethal dose of pneumococci. The predominant component of this mixture, CbpA, is a 75-kDa surface-exposed protein that reacts with human convalescent antisera. The deduced sequence from the corresponding gene showed a chimeric architecture with a unique N-terminal region and a C-terminal domain consisting of 10 repeated choline-binding domains nearly identical to PspA. A cbpA-deficient mutant showed a >50% reduction in adherence to cytokine-activated human cells and failed to bind to immobilized sialic acid or lacto-N-neotetraose, known pneumococcal ligands on eukaryotic cells. Carriage of this mutant in an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization was reduced 100-fold. There was no difference between the parent strain and this mutant in an intraperitoneal model of sepsis. These data for CbpA extend the important functions of the CBP family to bacterial adherence and identify a pneumococcal vaccine candidate.
Dynamical Instability of Thin Liquid Films Between Conducting Media (1999)

It is shown that thin dielectric liquid films between electrically conducting media are dynamically unstable if the electronic work functions of the conductors are different. As a consequence, they are expected to dewet by a spinodal dewetting scenario, i.e., via amplification of surface waves with mode selection. The wave number of the fastest growing mode is discussed as a function of the strength of the electric and dispersive forces. In contrast to what seems to be widely believed, it turns out that electric forces dominate over dispersive forces in most experimental situations of the rather general type studied here.
Extractive Fermentation of Acetone and Butanol: Process Design and Economic Evaluation (1987)

Abstract The economics of producing butanol by extractive fermentation were examined. Capital cost and energy requirements were significantly reduced by the use of extractive fermentation.
Docetaxel Plus Prednisone or Mitoxantrone Plus Prednisone for Advanced Prostate Cancer: Updated Survival in the TAX 327 Study (2008)

The present analysis confirms that survival of men with metastatic HRPC is significantly longer after treatment with D3P than with MP. Consistent results are observed across subgroups of patients.
Lactate Improves Prediction of Short‐Term Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Cirrhosis: A Multinational Study (2018)

Lactate levels and lactate clearance are known predictors of outcome in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The prognostic value of lactate is not well established in liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lactate levels and clearance in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis admitted to the ICU were studied at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (n = 566, derivation cohort) and the Medical University of Vienna and the University Hospitals Leuven (n = 250, validation cohort). Arterial lactate was measured on admission and during the first 24 hours. Patients were followed for 1 year and outcome was assessed. Admission lactate was directly related to the number of organs failing and to 28-day mortality (area under receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] 0.72; P < 0.001). This also applied to lactate follow-up measurements after 6, 12, and 24 hours (P < 0.001 for all, AUROC > 0.70 for all). Lactate clearance had significant predictive ability for 28-day mortality in patients with elevated serum lactate ≥5 mmol/L. Admission lactate and 12-hour lactate clearance (in patients with admission lactate ≥5 mmol/L), respectively, were identified as significant predictors of 1-year mortality, independent of Chronic Liver Failure Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure score (CLIF-C ACLFs). A lactate-adjusted CLIF-C ACLFs was developed (CLIF-C ACLFs<sub>Lact</sub> ), which performed significantly better than the original CLIF-C ACLFs in prediction of 28-day mortality in the derivation and validation cohort. Conclusion: Lactate levels appropriately reflect severity of disease and organ failure and were independently associated with short-term mortality in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. Lactate is a simple but accurate prognostic marker, and its incorporation improved performance of CLIF-C ACLFs significantly.
Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Potassium Aryl- and Heteroaryltrifluoroborates (2003)

An extended study of the reactivity of potassium aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions is presented. The coupling of aryl- and electron-rich heteroaryltrifluoroborates with aryl and activated heteroaryl bromides proceeds readily under ligandless conditions. When deactivated aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates are coupled with aryl and heteroaryl bromides and chlorides, a low loading (0.5-2%) of PdCl(2)(dppf).CH(2)Cl(2) efficiently catalyzes the reactions. Under either condition, reactions can generally be carried out in an open atmosphere.
Large Optical Activity of Gold Nanocluster Enantiomers Induced by a Pair of Optically Active Penicillamines (2005)

We have succeeded for the first time in preparing a pair of gold nanocluster enantiomers protected by optically active thiols: D- and L-penicillamine (D-Pen and L-Pen). Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy confirmed the mirror image relationship between the D-Pen-capped and the L-Pen-capped gold nanoclusters, suggesting that the surface modifier acts as a chiral selector, and that the nanoclusters have well-defined stereostructures as common chiral molecules do. No CD signals could be obtained when the gold nanoclusters were synthesized by using a racemic mixture (rac-Pen). These chiroptical properties were investigated for the three separated fractions of each of the gold nanoclusters (D-Pen-capped, L-Pen-capped, or rac-Pen-capped clusters) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Each fractioned component has the mean diameter of 0.57, 1.18, or 1.75 nm that was determined by a solution-phase small-angle X-ray scattering. With a decrease in the mean cluster diameter, optical activity or anisotropy factors gradually increased. On the basis of the kinetic and the structural considerations, the origins of large optical activity of the gold nanocluster enantiomers are discussed.
Actuation compensation for flexible surgical snake-like robots with redundant remote actuation (2006)

This paper presents two actuation compensation methods for a snake-like robot implementing multi flexible backbones and actuation redundancy. This snake-like robot is designed for distal dexterity enhancement in MIS surgery of the throat. Actuation compensation is required to account for the flexibility of the actuation lines that connect this snake-like robot with its remote actuation units. The paper presents both a naive model-based compensation approach and a combined model-based recursive linear-estimation approach that uses data gathered from external measurements of the snake-like unit configuration such as vision. The kinematic and static model of this multi-backbone snake-like unit is reviewed and a simplified redundancy resolution is implemented in the error compensation model. The results show that the performance of the snake-like unit is significantly improved when compensation is implemented. The combined model-based recursive linear estimation method showed 1deg accuracy in path tracking. Finally, an updated Jacobian that accounts for the required compensation is presented. All the work done here strides the crucial step towards a successful clinical task such as suturing in the throat
Modular Bifurcation Endoprosthesis for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1997)

This study suggests that endovascular prosthesis exclusion of AAAs using a self-expanding modular device may be effective in many patients who are otherwise surgical candidates for repair if further clinical studies confirm these observations.
Ape1/Ref-1 Induces Glial Cell-Derived Neurotropic Factor (GDNF) Responsiveness by Upregulating GDNF Receptor α1 Expression (2009)

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1/Ref-1) dysregulation has been identified in several human tumors and in patients with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the function of Ape1/Ref-1 is unclear. We show here that Ape1/Ref-1 increases the expression of glial cell-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha1 (GFRalpha1), a key receptor for GDNF. Expression of Ape1/Ref-1 led to an increase in the GDNF responsiveness in human fibroblast. Ape1/Ref-1 induced GFRalpha1 transcription through enhanced binding of NF-kappaB complexes to the GFRalpha1 promoter. GFRalpha1 levels correlate proportionally with Ape1/Ref-1 in cancer cells. The knockdown of endogenous Ape1/Ref-1 in pancreatic cancer cells markedly suppressed GFRalpha1 expression and invasion in response to GNDF, while overexpression of GFRalpha1 restored invasion. In neuronal cells, the Ape1/Ref-1-mediated increase in GDNF responsiveness not only stimulated neurite outgrowth but also protected the cells from beta-amyloid peptide and oxidative stress. Our results show that Ape1/Ref-1 is a novel physiological regulator of GDNF responsiveness, and they also suggest that Ape1/Ref-1-induced GFRalpha1 expression may play important roles in pancreatic cancer progression and neuronal cell survival.