gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 12mW all-digital PLL based on class-F DCO for 4G phones in 28nm CMOS (2014)

We propose a new architecture of an all-digital PLL (ADPLL) for advanced cellular radios that is optimized for 28 nm CMOS. It is based on a wide tuning range, fine-resolution class-F DCO with only switchable metal capacitors and a phase-predictive TDC. The 8mW DCO emits −157 dBc/Hz at 20MHz offset at ∼2 GHz, while fully satisfying metal density rules. The 0.4mW TDC clocked at 40MHz achieves PVT-stabilized 6 ps resolution for −108 dBc/Hz in-band phase noise. FREF spur is ultra-low at <−94 dBc. The ADPLL supports a 2-point modulation and consumes 12mW while occupying 0.22mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , thus demonstrating both 72% power and 38% area reductions over prior records.
Determination of the optimal aligned spacing between the Shine – Dalgarno sequence and the translation initiation codon of Escherichia coli m RNAs (1994)

The prokaryotic mRNA ribosome binding site (RBS) usually contains part or all of a polypurine domain UAAGGAGGU known as the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence found just 5' to the translation initiation codon. It is now clear that the SD sequence is important for identification of the translation initiation site on the mRNA by the ribosome, and that as a result, the spacing between the SD and the initiation codon strongly affects translational efficiency (1). It is not as clear, however, whether there is a unique optimal spacing. Complications involving the definition of the spacing as well as secondary structures have obscured matters. We thus undertook a systematic study by inserting two series of synthetic RBSs of varying spacing and SD sequence into a plasmid vector containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Care was taken not to introduce any secondary structure. Measurements of protein expression demonstrated an optimal aligned spacing of 5 nt for both series. Since aligned spacing corresponds naturally to the spacing between the 3'-end of the 16S rRNA and the P-site, we conclude that there is a unique optimal aligned SD-AUG spacing in the absence of other complicating issues.
Insecticidal and synergistic components isolated from dill plants (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsecticidal and synergistic components isolated from dill plants E. Paul. Lichtenstein, Tony T. Liang, Ken R. Schulz, Heinrich K. Schnoes, and Guy T. CarterCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1974, 22, 4, 658–664Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60194a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60194a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cancellation of SRS crosstalk in WDM optical communication systems by series or parallel techniques (2002)

We have shown that SRS crosstalk in WDM systems can be reduced in the presence of dispersion by a factor of the order of the Raman gain G, by either a series or parallel arrangement. In the absence of dispersion, perfect cancellation can be obtained in the series arrangement, but not in the parallel one. The parallel arrangement may be more practical as it does not require the use of spectral inversion. These methods can in principle provide substantial reductions in SRS crosstalk, and may thus provide means for enhancing the performance of future WDM systems.
Nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginase gene (CAR1) and its transcription under various physiological conditions (1984)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the yeast CAR1 gene along with its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The structural portion of this gene encodes a protein of 333 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr value of 35,616. The transcripts produced from this gene are modestly heterogeneous at their 5' and 3' termini. Most 5' termini map to a position 42 to 49 base pairs upstream from the ATG at the beginning of the open reading frame. The 3' termini map to a position 108 to 127 base pairs downstream of the amber codon which terminates the open reading frame. A variety of potentially significant sequences were identified in the regions flanking the structural portion of the gene.
Synthesis of tritiated derivatives of the diphenylether herbicides acifluorfen and acifluorfen methyl (1992)

Abstract Acifluorfen 1 and acifluorfen methyl 2 , two herbicides of the diphenylether family, are inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidases. Two tritiated derivatives of these compounds, namely 3‐[ 3 H]‐5‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid [ 3 H]‐ 1 , and methyl 3‐[ 3 H]‐5‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid [ 3 H]‐ 2 , have been synthesised from 3‐[ 3 H]‐5‐hydroxybenzoic acid, in order to probe their interactions with the target enzymes.
Web entity extraction based on entity attribute classification (2011)

The large amount of entity data are continuously published on web pages. Extracting these entities automatically for further application is very significant. Rule-based entity extraction method yields promising result, however, it is labor-intensive and hard to be scalable. The paper proposes a web entity extraction method based on entity attribute classification, which can avoid manual annotation of samples. First, web pages are segmented into different blocks by algorithm Vision-based Page Segmentation (VIPS), and a binary classifier LibSVM is trained to retrieve the candidate blocks which contain the entity contents. Second, the candidate blocks are partitioned into candidate items, and the classifiers using LibSVM are performed for the attributes annotation of the items and then the annotation results are aggregated into an entity. Results show that the proposed method performs well to extract agricultural supply and demand entities from web pages.
Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells (2011)

Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target.
Mild Posttraumatic Hypothermia Reduces Mortality after Severe Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats (1996)

The effect of posttraumatic hypothermia (brain temperature controlled at 32 degrees C for 4 h) on mortality after severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) was studied in rats. Four posttraumatic brain temperatures were compared: 37 degrees C (n = 10), 36 degrees C (n = 4), 32 degrees C (n = 10), and uncontrolled (UC; n = 6). Rats were anesthetized and subjected to severe CCI (4.0-m/s velocity, 3.0-mm depth) to the exposed left parietal cortex. At 10 min posttrauma the rats were cooled or maintained at their target brain temperature, using external cooling or warming. Brain temperature in the UC group was recorded but not regulated, and rectal temperature was maintained at 37 +/- 0.5 degrees C. After 4 h, rats were rewarmed over a 1-h period to 37 degrees C, extubated, and observed for 24 h. In the 37 and 36 degree C groups, 24-h mortality was 50% (37 degrees C = 5/10, 36 degrees C = 2/4). In the 32 degree C group, 24-h mortality was 10% (1/10). In the UC group, brain temperature was 35.4 +/- 0.6 degrees C during the 4-h treatment period and 24-h mortality was 0% (0/6). Mortality was higher in groups with brain temperatures > or = 36 degrees C versus those with brain temperatures < 36 degrees C (50 vs. 6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Additionally, electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded in subsets of each temperature group and the percentage of time that the EEG was suppressed (isoelectric) was determined. Percentage of EEG suppression was greater in the hypothermic (32 degrees C, n = 6; UC, n = 4) groups than in the normothermic (36 degrees C, n = 3; 37 degrees C, n = 6) groups (23.3 +/- 14.3 vs. 1.2 +/- 3.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Posttraumatic hypothermia suppressed EEG during treatment and reduced mortality after severe CCI. The threshold for this protective effect appears to be a brain temperature < 36 degrees C. Thus, even mild hypothermia may be beneficial after severe brain trauma.
Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells (1995)

Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem and is also required for the activation of NMDA receptors. The extracellular concentration of this neuroactive amino acid is regulated by at least two glycine transporters (GLYT1 and GLYT2). To study the localization and properties of these proteins, sequence-specific antibodies against the cloned glycine transporters have been raised. Immunoblots show that the 50-70 kDa band corresponding to GLYT1 is expressed at the highest concentrations in the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, and retina, and, in a lesser degree, to the olfactory bulb and brain hemispheres, whereas it is not detected in peripheral tissues. Pre-embedding light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry show that GLYT1 is expressed in glial cells around both glycinergic and nonglycinergic neurons except in the retina, where it is expressed by amacrine neurons, but not by glia. The expression of a 90-110 kDa band corresponding to GLYT2 is restricted to the spinal cord, brain-stem, and cerebellum; in addition, very low levels occur in the diencephalon. GLYT2 is found in presynaptic elements of neurons thought to be glycinergic. However, in the cerebellum, GLYT2 is expressed both in terminal boutons and in glial elements. The physiological consequences of the regional and cellular distributions of these two proteins as well as the possibility of the existence of an unidentified neuronal form of GLYT1 are discussed.
DHT in prostate cancer tissue— a guide to management and therapy (1985)

In 24 untreated stage D2 prostate cancer patients with prostate DHT levels greater than 2.5 ng/g, 20 initially responded to therapy with partial objective progression (POR) or were objectively stable (OS) for 12 or more months while four patients relapsed in less than 1 year. Of eight patients with prostate DHT levels less than 2.0 ng/g, five had either objective progression or were objectively stable for 6 months or less; two other patients have completed remissions ranging from 16 to 24 months while one patient remains objectively stable for 21 months to date. DHT concentrations were also measured in prostate tissue of patients with advanced prostate cancer in relapse following either DES or castration with or without estrogen therapy. Although castration, medical or surgical, usually leads to DHT concentrations of less than 2.4 ng/g, two out of 20 surgical castrates and four out of nine estrogen-treated patients had values above this level. These differences suggest that (1) increased tissue DHT levels of DES-treated patients may be due to inadequate dosage or decreased compliance, and (2) increased tissue DHT concentrations greater than 2.4 ng/g in castrates suggests an adrenal cortical androgen contribution to the prostate DHT level. These studies suggest that DHT measurements in prostate cancer tissue are of value in predicting response in untreated prostate cancer patients and of directing therapy in patients who are in relapse after orchiectomy or estrogen therapy.
C‐di‐GMP: the dawning of a novel bacterial signalling system (2005)

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has come to the limelight as a result of the recent advances in microbial genomics and increased interest in multicellular microbial behaviour. Known for more than 15 years as an activator of cellulose synthase in Gluconacetobacter xylinus, c-di-GMP is emerging as a novel global second messenger in bacteria. The GGDEF and EAL domain proteins involved in c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation, respectively, are (almost) ubiquitous in bacterial genomes. These proteins affect cell differentiation and multicellular behaviour as well as interactions between the microorganisms and their eukaryotic hosts and other phenotypes. While the role of GGDEF and EAL domain proteins in bacterial physiology and behaviour has gained appreciation, and significant progress has been achieved in understanding the enzymology of c-di-GMP turnover, many questions regarding c-di-GMP-dependent signalling remain unanswered. Among these, the key questions are the identity of targets of c-di-GMP action and mechanisms of c-di-GMP-dependent regulation. This review discusses phylogenetic distribution of the c-di-GMP signalling pathway in bacteria, recent developments in biochemical and structural characterization of proteins involved in its metabolism, and biological processes affected by c-di-GMP. The accumulated data clearly indicate that a novel ubiquitous signalling system in bacteria has been discovered.
Mesh-based inverse kinematics (2005)

The ability to position a small subset of mesh vertices and produce a meaningful overall deformation of the entire mesh is a fundamental task in mesh editing and animation. However, the class of meaningful deformations varies from mesh to mesh and depends on mesh kinematics, which prescribes valid mesh configurations, and a selection mechanism for choosing among them. Drawing an analogy to the traditional use of skeleton-based inverse kinematics for posing skeletons. we define mesh-based inverse kinematics as the problem of finding meaningful mesh deformations that meet specified vertex constraints.Our solution relies on example meshes to indicate the class of meaningful deformations. Each example is represented with a feature vector of deformation gradients that capture the affine transformations which individual triangles undergo relative to a reference pose. To pose a mesh, our algorithm efficiently searches among all meshes with specified vertex positions to find the one that is closest to some pose in a nonlinear span of the example feature vectors. Since the search is not restricted to the span of example shapes, this produces compelling deformations even when the constraints require poses that are different from those observed in the examples. Furthermore, because the span is formed by a nonlinear blend of the example feature vectors, the blending component of our system may also be used independently to pose meshes by specifying blending weights or to compute multi-way morph sequences.
T cell receptor (TCR) structure of autologous melanoma-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes overexpress in vivo the TCR beta chain sequence used by an HLA-A2-restricted and melanocyte-lineage-specific CTL clone. (1993)

HLA-A2+ melanomas express common melanoma-associated antigens (Ags) recognized in vitro by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, it is not known whether tumor Ags can drive in vivo a selective accumulation/expansion of Ag-specific, tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL). Therefore, to evaluate this possibility, 39 CTL clones isolated from several independent mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures (MLTC) of TIL and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of an HLA-A2+ melanoma patient and selected for T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent, HLA-restricted tumor lysis, were used for analysis of TCR alpha and beta chain structure by the cDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with variable gene-specific primers followed by sequencing. Despite absence of oligoclonality in fresh TIL and PBL, as well as in T cells of day 28 MLTC (day of cloning), sequence analysis of TCR alpha and beta chains of TIL clones revealed a dominance of a major category of melanoma-specific, HLA-A2-restricted T cells expressing a V alpha 8.2/J alpha AP511/C alpha and V beta 2.1/D beta 1/J beta 1.1/C beta 1 TCR. The same TCR was also found in 2 out of 14 PBL clones. The other PBL clones employed a V alpha 2.1 gene segment associated with either V beta 13.2, 14, or w22. Clones A81 (V alpha 2.1/J alpha IGRJ alpha 04/C alpha and V beta 14/D beta 1/J beta 1.2/C beta 1) and A21 (V alpha 8.2/J alpha AP511/C alpha and V beta 2.1/D beta 1/J beta 1.1/C beta 1), representative of the two most frequent TCR of PBL and TIL, respectively, expressed different lytic patterns, but both were HLA-A2 restricted and lysed only HLA-A2+ melanomas and normal melanocytes, thus indicating recognition of two distinct HLA-A2-associated and tissue-related Ags. Finally, by the inverse PCR technique, the specific TCR beta chain (V beta 2.1/D beta 1/J beta 1.1/C beta 1) expressed by the dominant TIL clone was found to represent 19 and 18.4% of all V beta 2 sequences expressed in the fresh tumor sample and in the purified TIL, respectively, but < 0.19% of V beta 2+ sequences expressed in PBL. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a clonal expansion/accumulation of a melanocyte-lineage-specific and HLA-A2-restricted T cell clone occurred in vivo at the site of tumor growth.
Relative increase in leukemia-specific DNA in peripheral blood plasma from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia (2003)

Using loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and X-chromosome inactivation, we compared peripheral blood (PB) plasma with bone marrow (BM) cells in detecting genomic abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We detected LOH in the PB plasma of all 45 patients who had cytogenetically documented chromosomal abnormalities (5q-, 7-, +8, 17-, or 20-). BM cells from the same patients showed LOH in 89% of patients with MDS and 70% of patients with AML. Posttherapy samples from 16 of these patients demonstrated complete concordance between LOH and cytogenetics in detecting residual disease in 15 samples. Of the 16 samples, 4 showed LOH in plasma with normal BM morphology. Using X-chromosome inactivation, clonality was detectable in 19 (73%) of 26 BM samples, whereas all PB plasma samples showed clonality. These data support the conclusion that PB plasma is enriched by tumor-specific DNA and can replace BM cells for studying genomic abnormalities.
Treatment of intracranial gliomas with bone marrow—derived dendritic cells pulsed with tumor antigens (1999)

Based on these results, dendritic antigen-presenting cells pulsed with acid-eluted peptides derived from autologous tumors represent a promising approach to the immunotherapy of established intracranial gliomas. which may serve as a basis for designing clinical trials in patients with brain tumors.
Diagnosis of mycobacterial infections by nucleic acid amplification: 18-month prospective study (1996)

We have investigated the use of DNA amplification by PCR for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical specimens, with the gene encoding the 16S rRNA as a target. Following generic amplification of mycobacterial nucleic acids, screening was done with genus-specific probe; this was followed by species differentiation by use of highly discriminating probes or nucleic acid sequencing. In a prospective 18-month evaluation, criteria to select specimens for PCR analysis were defined. Of a total of 8,272 specimens received, 729 samples satisfied the criteria and were subjected to DNA amplification. Clinical specimens included material from the respiratory tract (sputa and bronchial washings), aspirates, biopsies, and various body fluids (cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, and gastric fluids). After resolution of discrepant results, the sensitivity of the PCR assay was 84.5%, the specificity was 99.5%, the positive predictive value was 97.6%, and the negative predictive value was 96.4%. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of culture (with a combination of broth and solid media) were 77.5 and 94.8%, respectively. In conclusion, this PCR assay provides an efficient strategy to detect and identify multiple mycobacterial species and performs well in comparison with culture.
The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor NVP-LAQ824 Inhibits Angiogenesis and Has a Greater Antitumor Effect in Combination with the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 (2004)

Chromatin remodeling agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to modulate gene expression in tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors represent critical molecular targets for antiangiogenesis therapy. In this study, we investigated the biological effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor NVP-LAQ824 in combination with the VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 on tumor growth and angiogenesis. We report that treatment with NVP-LAQ824 affected tumor and endothelial cells and was associated with increased histone acetylation, p21 up-regulation, and growth inhibition. In addition, NVP-LAQ824 treatment inhibited the expression of angiogenesis-related genes such as angiopoietin-2, Tie-2, and survivin in endothelial cells and down-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and VEGF expression in tumor cells. Combination treatment with NVP-LAQ824 and PTK787/ZK222584 was more effective than single agents in inhibiting in vitro and in vivo VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation, and invasion into the Matrigel plugs were reduced. In mouse models with established subcutaneous prostate (PC3) and orthotopic breast tumors (MDA-MB321), this combination treatment induced 80 to 85% inhibition of tumor growth without overt toxicity. These results suggest that the combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors and VEGF receptor inhibitors may target multiple pathways in tumor progression and angiogenesis and represents a novel therapeutic approach in cancer treatment.
Chronic oral etoposide: trials at Indiana University and with the Hoosier Oncology Group. (1992)

Etoposide has proven to be an active agent in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms, particularly germ cell cancers and small cell lung cancer. Yet despite its widespread use, the optimal dose and schedule for etoposide remain unknown. The fact that its efficacy appears to be schedule dependent, along with the recent availability of an oral formulation, formed the basis for several trials at Indiana University and through the Hoosier Oncology Group. These trials evaluated chronic daily administration of the drug in several malignancies. In testicular cancer, etoposide was shown to have a possible role in adjuvant therapy for refractory disease or as part of combination chemotherapy. In small cell lung cancer, etoposide demonstrated activity in both previously treated and untreated patients. The drug, however, had little impact on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, advanced melanoma, or advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Since etoposide appears to be most effective in refractory small cell lung cancer and germ cell tumors, we believe the drug should be explored in tumors with a known history of chemosensitivity to conventionally administered etoposide.