gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TASK-3, a Novel Tandem Pore Domain Acid-sensitive K+Channel (2000)

Tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K(+) channel 3 (TASK-3) is a new member of the tandem pore domain potassium channel family. A cDNA encoding a 365- amino acid polypeptide with four putative transmembrane segments and two pore regions was isolated from guinea pig brain. An orthologous sequence was cloned from a human genomic library. Although TASK-3 is 62% identical to TASK-1, the cytosolic C-terminal sequence is only weakly conserved. Analysis of the gene structure identified an intron within the conserved GYG motif of the first pore region. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed strong expression in brain but very weak mRNA levels in other tissues. Cell-attached patch-clamp recordings of TASK-3 expressed in HEK293 cells showed that the single channel current-voltage relation was inwardly rectifying, and open probability increased markedly with depolarization. Removal of external divalent cations increased the mean single channel current measured at -100 mV from -2.3 to -5.8 pA. Expression of TASK-3 in Xenopus oocytes revealed an outwardly rectifying K(+) current that was strongly decreased in the presence of lower extracellular pH. Substitution of the histidine residue His-98 by asparagine or tyrosine abolished pH sensitivity. This histidine, which is located at the outer part of the pore adjacent to the selectivity filter, may be an essential component of the extracellular pH sensor.
The viability of autologous human red cells stored in additive solution 5 and exposed to 25°C for 24 hours (1999)

The data suggest that RBCs stored in AS-5 and allowed to warm to 25 degrees C for 24 hours lose about 12 days of their shelf life.
The Cell Surface Flocculin Flo11 Is Required for Pseudohyphae Formation and Invasion bySaccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

Diploid yeast develop pseudohyphae in response to nitrogen starvation, while haploid yeast produce invasive filaments which penetrate the agar in rich medium. We have identified a gene, FLO11, that encodes a cell wall protein which is critically required for both invasion and pseudohyphae formation in response to nitrogen starvation. FLO11 encodes a cell surface flocculin with a structure similar to the class of yeast serine/threonine-rich GPI-anchored cell wall proteins. Cells of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Sigma1278b with deletions of FLO11 do not form pseudohyphae as diploids nor invade agar as haploids. In rich media, FLO11 is regulated by mating type; it is expressed in haploid cells but not in diploids. Upon transfer to nitrogen starvation media, however, FLO11 transcripts accumulate in diploid cells, but not in haploids. Overexpression of FLO11 in diploid cells, which are otherwise not invasive, enables them to invade agar. Thus, the mating type repression of FLO11 in diploids grown in rich media suffices to explain the inability of these cells to invade. The promoter of FLO11 contains a consensus binding sequence for Ste12p and Tec1p, proteins known to cooperatively activate transcription of Ty1 elements and the TEC1 gene during development of pseudohyphae. Yeast with a deletion of STE12 does not express FLO11 transcripts, indicating that STE12 is required for FLO11 expression. These ste12-deletion strains also do not invade agar. However, the ability to invade can be restored by overexpressing FLO11. Activation of FLO11 may thus be the primary means by which Ste12p and Tec1p cause invasive growth.
Performance of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on a Test Battery of Impulsiveness (2006)

Children with ADHD were compared to healthy controls on a task battery of cognitive control, measuring motor inhibition (Go/No-Go and Stop tasks), cognitive inhibition (motor Stroop and Switch tasks), sustained attention and time discrimination. Children with ADHD showed an inconsistent and premature response style across all 6 tasks. In addition they showed task-specific impairments in measures of sustained attention, time discrimination, and motor inhibition, but spared cognitive inhibition. Measures of impairment correlated with behavioral hyperactivity and with each other, suggesting that they measure interrelated aspects of a multifaceted construct of cognitive impulsiveness. The task battery as a whole showed 76% correct discrimination of cases and controls.
The charge trapping characteristics of Si3N4 and Al2O3 layers on amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin films for memory application (2012)

The charge trapping characteristics of 30-nm-thick Si3N4 and 3-nm-thick Al2O3 layers between amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin films and 100-nm-thick blocking oxides made of thermal SiO2 were examined. The Si3N4 layer showed several discrete trap levels with relatively low density, while the Al2O3 layer showed a higher trap density with continuous distribution for electron trapping. When no tunneling oxide was adopted, the trapped carriers were easily detrapped, even at room temperature. Adoption of a 6-nm-thick SiO2 tunneling layer grown by atomic layer deposition largely improved the retention of the trapped charges and retained ∼60% of the trapped charges even after 10 000 s.
The “One-Bead-One-Compound” Combinatorial Library Method (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe "One-Bead-One-Compound" Combinatorial Library MethodKit S. Lam, Michal Lebl, and Viktor KrchňákView Author Information Arizona Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, and Houghten Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2, 411–448Publication Date (Web):April 1, 1997Publication History Received19 November 1996Revised21 January 1997Published online1 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9600114https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9600114research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8528Altmetric-Citations601LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Monomers,Organic polymers,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Distinct amounts of polyomavirus large T antigen are required for different functions of the protein. (1993)

Many cellular and some virally coded proteins regulating key events in higher cells have been found to be multifunctional. One example of such a protein is the polyomavirus large T antigen, which is involved not only in viral DNA replication and gene expression but also in the induction of the S phase in host cells, in the immortalization of various cell types and in the transactivation of some cellular genes. We recently constructed cell lines in which T antigen was synthesized under the control of a hormone-inducible promoter. This allowed us to induce different concentrations of the protein in the cell and to investigate the levels of large T antigen required for replication, S-phase induction and transactivation of a growth-regulated promoter. We found that significantly higher concentrations of large T antigen are required for the replication function of the protein than for either S phase induction or transactivation. These observations for the first time provide clear evidence for a potential regulation of different functions of a pleiotropic protein by the amount of that protein produced in the cell.
Reliable Titration of Filamentous Bacteriophages Independent of pIII Fusion Moiety and Genome Size by using Trypsin to Restore Wild-Type pIII Phenotype (2008)

Phage display holds a key position in the use of combinatorial library approaches for the purpose of protein engineering and discovery. However, modifying the pIII protein of the phage can severely and negatively influence the infectiousness of the phage particle. This concern is particularly relevant when large pIII fusions in combination with multivalent display systems are in use. We here describe the use of trypsin to restore wild-type pIII phenotype as a small modification to the standard titration protocol. The results show that the trypsin treatment has a very large but heterogeneous effect on the phage infection efficiency, depending on the pIII fusion domain and the valence of display.
Single-Agent Inhibition of Chk1 Is Antiproliferative in Human Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro and Inhibits Tumor Xenograft Growth In Vivo (2011)

Chk1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays several important roles in the cellular response to genotoxic stress. Since many current standard-of-care therapies for human cancer directly damage DNA or inhibit DNA synthesis, there is interest in using small molecule inhibitors of Chk1 to potentiate their clinical activity. Additionally, Chk1 is known to be critically involved in cell cycle progression of unperturbed cells. Therefore, it is plausible that treatment with a Chkl inhibitor alone could also be an efficacious cancer therapy. Here we report that Chk1-A, a potent and highly selective small molecule inhibitor of Chk1, is antiproliferative as a single agent in a variety of human cancer cell lines in vitro. The inhibition of proliferation is associated with collapse of DNA replication and apoptosis. Rapid decreases in inhibitory phosphorylation of CDKs and a concomitant increase in CDK kinase activity and chromatin loading of Cdc45 suggest that the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of Chk1-A is at least in part due to deregulation of DNA synthesis. We extend these in vitro studies by demonstrating that Chk1-A inhibits the growth of tumor xenografts in vivo in a treatment regimen that is well tolerated. Together, these results suggest that single-agent inhibition of Chk1 may be an effective treatment strategy for selected human malignancies.
Alterations of the spindle checkpoint pathway in clinicopathologically aggressive CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas (2015)

CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-positive clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are characterized by accumulation of DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands, clinicopathological aggressiveness and poor patient outcome. The aim of this study was to clarify the molecular pathways participating in CIMP-positive renal carcinogenesis. Genome (whole-exome and copy number), transcriptome and proteome (two-dimensional image converted analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses were performed using tissue specimens of 87 CIMP-negative and 14 CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs and corresponding specimens of non-cancerous renal cortex. Genes encoding microtubule-associated proteins, such as DNAH2, DNAH5, DNAH10, RP1 and HAUS8, showed a 10% or higher incidence of genetic aberrations (non-synonymous single-nucleotide mutations and insertions/deletions) in CIMP-positive RCCs, whereas CIMP-negative RCCs lacked distinct genetic characteristics. MetaCore pathway analysis of CIMP-positive RCCs revealed that alterations of mRNA or protein expression were significantly accumulated in six pathways, all participating in the spindle checkpoint, including the "The metaphase checkpoint (p = 1.427 × 10(-6))," "Role of Anaphase Promoting Complex in cell cycle regulation (p = 7.444 × 10(-6))" and "Spindle assembly and chromosome separation (p = 9.260 × 10(-6))" pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression levels for genes included in such pathways, i.e., AURKA, AURKB, BIRC5, BUB1, CDC20, NEK2 and SPC25, were significantly higher in CIMP-positive than in CIMP-negative RCCs. All CIMP-positive RCCs showed overexpression of Aurora kinases, AURKA and AURKB, and this overexpression was mainly attributable to increased copy number. These data suggest that abnormalities of the spindle checkpoint pathway participate in CIMP-positive renal carcinogenesis, and that AURKA and AURKB may be potential therapeutic targets in more aggressive CIMP-positive RCCs.
High-quality Ge epilayers on Si with low threading-dislocation densities (1999)

High-quality Ge epilayers on Si with low threading-dislocation densities were achieved by a two-step ultrahigh vacuum/chemical-vapor-deposition process followed by cyclic thermal annealing. On large Si wafers, Ge on Si with threading-dislocation density of 2.3×107 cm−2 was obtained. Combining selective area growth with cyclic thermal annealing produced an average threading-dislocation density of 2.3×106 cm−2.We also demonstrated small mesas of Ge on Si with no threading dislocations. The process described in this letter for making high-quality Ge on Si is uncomplicated and can be easily integrated with standard Si processes.
An alternative concept to scanning process for cognitive radio systems: technical and regulatory issues (2007)

For cognitive radio one of the most challenging issue is how to get the intelligence necessary to make the best possible allocation decision. Techniques such as sensing to get the information on the occupancy of the radio environment are being discussed. And designing terminals with scanning/sensing capabilities is a vibrant research topic; such terminals, and the sensing principles, can be very helpful when limited parts of spectrum are to be scanned. But in cases where there is no knowledge about the amount of spectrum to be scanned, this can result in time-and power-consuming operations. An alternative approach, described in this paper, consists of a "Cognition supporting Pilot Channel" (CPC) which directly provides relevant information to the terminal. This paper looks at the concept of this CPC, it initially describes the expected functionality and discusses the regulatory implications such a cognition supporting pilot channel, in the context of flexible spectrum management faces.
Bacillus thuringiensis and Its Pesticidal Crystal Proteins (1998)

During the past decade the pesticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been the subject of intensive research. These efforts have yielded considerable data about the complex relationships between the structure, mechanism of action, and genetics of the organism's pesticidal crystal proteins, and a coherent picture of these relationships is beginning to emerge. Other studies have focused on the ecological role of the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins, their performance in agricultural and other natural settings, and the evolution of resistance mechanisms in target pests. Armed with this knowledge base and with the tools of modern biotechnology, researchers are now reporting promising results in engineering more-useful toxins and formulations, in creating transgenic plants that express pesticidal activity, and in constructing integrated management strategies to insure that these products are utilized with maximum efficiency and benefit.
Identification of a novel integrin binding site in fibronectin. Differential utilization by beta 3 integrins. (1994)

Fibronectin (Fn) binding to the integrins alpha IIb beta 3 and alpha v beta 3 involves the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. The identification of other regions of Fn that interact with alpha IIb beta 3 suggests a potential mechanism for differential ligand recognition by integrins. We report here the identification of an 11-residue peptide sequence from the 9th type III repeat of Fn (3Fn9), which inhibits ligand binding to alpha IIb beta 3 by interacting directly with this receptor. Mutational analysis demonstrated that this same region was involved in the formation of epitopes for two anti-Fn mAbs that inhibit Fn binding to alpha IIb beta 3, thus emphasizing the role of this site in the macromolecule. Molecular modeling of the 3Fn9-10 modules suggested that Fn residues Asp1373-Thr1383 are at least 25 A distant from the Arg-Gly-Asp site and therefore does not directly interact with it. The 3Fn9 site was differentially recognized by the beta 3 integrin family. The Asp1373-Thr1383 peptide failed to inhibit ligand binding to alpha v beta 3, a recombinant Fn Ala1235-Ser1436 fragment was not recognized by alpha v beta 3, and addition of the 3Fn9 module to the amino terminus of the 3Fn10 did not affect the potency of inhibition of Fn binding to alpha v beta 3. Thus, a novel integrin recognition site in the 3Fn9 module of Fn that is differentially recognized by the beta 3 integrins has been localized within the residues Asp1373-Thr1383.
A Randomized Trial of Rosiglitazone Therapy in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

The addition of RSG to insulin treatment results in significant improvement in glycemic control and is generally well tolerated.
Thirty Years of Gas Shale Fracturing: What Have We Learned? (2010)

Abstract Although high gas flow rates from shales are a relatively recent phenomenon, the knowledge bases of shale-specific well completions, fracturing and shale well operations have actually been growing for more than three decades and shale gas production reaches back almost one hundred ninety years. During the last decade of gas shale development, projected recovery of shale gas-in-place has increased from about 2% to estimates of about 50%; mainly through the development and adaptation of technologies to fit shale gas developments. Adapting technologies, including multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells, slickwater fluids with minimum viscosity and simultaneous fracturing, have evolved to increase formation-face contact of the fracture system into the range of 9.2 million m2 (100 million ft2) in a very localized area of the reservoir by opening natural fractures. These technologies have made possible development of enormous gas reserves that were completely unavailable only a few years ago. Current and next generation technologies promise even more energy availability with advances in hybrid fracs, fracture complexity, fracture flow stability and methods of re-using water used in fracturing. This work surveyed over 350 shale completion, fracturing and operations publications, linking geosciences and engineering information together to relay learnings that will identify both intriguing information on selective opening and stabilizing of micro-fracture systems within the shales and new fields of endeavor needed to achieve the next level of shale development advancement.
Image compression by neural networks: a comparison study (2005)

lmage compression with neural networks is compared with the classical statistical principal components analysis (PCA) method. The neural networks considered here are the 3-layer and 5-layer Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) networks trained in auto-association mode with the back propagation learning algorithm, and the PCA network which is an adaptive way to solve the principal components. The mean square error and mean absolute error are compared for each method using a number of real-world test images. It is shown that in the image compression task using 8 x 8 image blocks, the 5-layer MLP can do better than the 3-layer MLP and PCA when the data is the same as used for training the networks, but its generalization ability is poor when the data is new. When the amount of training patterns is large enough, the generalization abilities are comparable but the training times for the MLP are prohibitively long. In both cases, PCA techniques give the best generalization results.
Expansion of polystyrene using water as the blowing agent (2000)

Heating of polystyrene beads containing pentane isomers as the blowing agent traditionally produces polystyrene foam. Undesirable emissions of the blowing agent and its high flammability are the complications of this process. A new process for the production of expandable polystyrene has been developed, using water as the blowing agent. Water is trapped inside the polystyrene matrix through the use of starch that is introduced as a separate phase during the suspension polymerization. The problems created by the incompatibility of starch with the organic phase can be partially overcome by “compatibilization” with maleic anhydride. The type of starch can influence the foam morphology of the pre-expanded beads, while the density is changed only in the range of the experimental error. The density of the pre-expanded beads is influenced by the blowing technique used (hot air or high frequency electric field). The use of these different blowing techniques does not influence significantly the foam morphology.
Size‐Dependent Endocytosis of Nanoparticles (2008)

The cellular uptake of nanoparticles by living cells is predicted to be strongly size-dependent, according the thermodynamic analysis, and an optimal particle radius of ∼ 25–30 nm at which the cellular uptake reaches a maximum of several thousand is shown to exist. The theoretical prediction provides valuable guidance for the rational design of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems.
Orthopedic Injuries in U.S. Casualties Treated on a Hospital Ship during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2008)

From March to May 2003, the USNS Comfort was deployed to the Persian Gulf in support of combat operations for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The onboard orthopedic service treated 58 U.S. casualties during that period. Eighty-seven percent of the injuries were to the appendicular skeleton. Twenty-four percent were battle injuries, and 72% were nonbattle injuries. Patients with battle injuries tended to be younger and required more orthopedic operations than did patients with nonbattle injuries. Moreover, all patients with battle injuries were evacuated to higher echelons for further care, whereas 19% of patients with nonbattle injuries returned to duty in the short term. Complications were few, with no infections, amputations, or deaths. A descriptive review of the types of injuries, orthopedic care, and eventual disposition is presented.
In vivo fragmentation of heparan sulfate by heparanase overexpression renders mice resistant to amyloid protein A amyloidosis (2005)

Amyloid diseases encompass >20 medical disorders that include amyloid protein A (AA) amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and type 2 diabetes. A common feature of these conditions is the selective organ deposition of disease-specific fibrillar proteins, along with the sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate. We have generated transgenic mice that overexpress human heparanase and have tested their susceptibility to amyloid induction. Drastic shortening of heparan sulfate chains was observed in heparanase-overproducing organs, such as liver and kidney. These sites selectively escaped amyloid deposition on experimental induction of inflammation-associated AA amyloidosis, as verified by lack of material staining with Congo Red, as well as lack of associated polysaccharide, whereas the same tissues from control animals were heavily infiltrated with amyloid. By contrast, the spleens of transgenic mice that failed to significantly overexpress heparanase contained heparan sulfate chains similar in size to those of control spleen and remained susceptible to amyloid deposition. Our findings provide direct in vivo evidence that heparan sulfate is essential for the development of amyloid disease.