gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Singlet Oxygen in Plants—Its Significance and Possible Detection with Double (Fluorescent and Spin) Indicator Reagents (2006)

Direct detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially singlet oxygen, in plants under stress conditions is of special importance, not only to identify primary events of oxidative damage, but also in studies exploring the potential role of ROS as signal molecules. Due to short life-times and diffusion distances of ROS, these tasks require highly reactive and selective indicator reagents, localized at the presumed site of production. In the present study, we compared four double sensors: ROS indicator reagents in which partial fluorescence quenching of a dansyl moiety occurs as a result of nitroxide radical formation from a sterically hindered amine constituent. Our experiments support the idea that shorter donor-acceptor distances within these molecules result in higher reactivity to ROS. The presence of a diethylaminoethyl side chain resulted in better selectivity to singlet oxygen: reagents lacking such substituent had an additional reactivity to superoxide anions, probably as a result of the formation of zwitterionic structures. Fluorescence localization studies of the indicator reagents in tobacco leaves and in Chlamydomonas cells show promising perspectives of their applications to plant stress studies.
Flexible code safety for Win32 (1999)

With the growth of the global Internet, users have begun to download and run programs for more different purposes and from more varied sources than ever before. These programs should not be allowed to cause harm to a user’s system or data, either as a result of malicious code created by an adversary or buggy code that could cause accidentally. Users may have different ideas of what constitutes harm than the program’s authors, so they need a flexible way to specify the capabilities and limitations of untrusted programs. Naccio is a platform-independent architecture for defining safety policies that describe what a program cannot do. To enforce those policies, programs are transformed to integrate safety checking into their operation at run-time. This thesis presents the design of Naccio/Win32, which applies the Naccio architecture to enforce policies on executables running under Microsoft Windows. A prototype implementation provides a proof of concept, and results presented here provide a demonstration of the effectiveness and efficiency of Naccio/Win32’s mechanisms. Naccio/Win32 provides a greater degree of flexibility than any previous code safety system. Safety policies can be written and enforced with no in-depth knowledge of the system, and are specified as general constraints on program actions, rather than being targeted reactions known attacks. New policies can easily be deployed to adapt to changing security needs or system vulnerabilities. The enforcement of policies through transformation is optimized to minimize the overhead introduced, so that users will not suffer a noticeable loss of performance.
A New Damage Detection Method Based on a Wavelet Transform, #158 (2000)

This paper presents a new wavelet-based structural diagnostic technique in which a structural system of interest is excited by a broad-banded impact force. Not only the presence of the damage but also its extent can be effectively estimated by the present wavelet based approach. An optimally selected Gabor wavelet is shown to play a critical role in the accurate estimation of the damage location. The magnitude of the reflected wave from the damage is used to estimate the damage extent in which a simple beam theory is utilized. A specific example is given in a solid circular cylinder having a small cut perpendicular to the cylindrical axis.
Evidence for cytochrome involvement in fumarate reduction and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis by Bacteroides fragilis grown in the presence of hemin (1975)

Growth of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis on glucose was very much stimulated by the addition of hemin (2 mg/liter) to the medium. The generation time decreased from 8 to 2 h, and the molar growth yield increased from YM = 17.9 to YM = 47 g (dry weight) of cells per mol of glucose. In the absence of hemin, glucose was fermented to fumarate, lactate, and acetate. The cells did not contain detectable amounts of cytochromes or fumarate reductase. In the presence of hemin, the major products of fermentation were succinate, propionate, and acetate. A b-type cytochrome, possibly a c-type cytochrome, and a very active fumarate reductase were present in the cells. It is concluded from these results that hemin is required by B. fragilis to synthesize a functional fumarate reductase and that the hemin-dependent, enormous increase of the growth yield may be due to adenosine 5'-triphosphate production during reduction of fumarate to succinate.
Unified Processing Scheme for Shared Earth Model Inversion of GPR and Seismic Data (2005)

G021 Z-99 UNIFIED PROCESSING SCHEME FOR SHARED EARTH MODEL INVERSION OF GPR AND SEISMIC DATA Introduction EVERT SLOB RUBEN MAARSEN and RANAJIT GHOSE Delft University of Technology Department of Geotechnology Mijnbouwstraat 120 2628 RX Delft The Netherlands It is known that GPR and seismic data taken at the same profile shows that reflections appear to come from the same reflector depth this observation is made by many researchers. A shared earth model to determine elastic and electromagnetic parameters from the geophysical parameters of the constituents and use porosity and water saturation as independent soil parameters was given in [1]. The
Ultrastructure of Outermost Layer of Cell Wall in <italic>Candida albicans</italic> Observed by Rapid-freezing Technique (1986)

Ultrastructures of the surface layer of unfixed and frozen-hydrated Candida albicans were observed using a low temperature technique for scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and, as a comparison, freeze-substitution and fixation for transmission electron microscopy (FSF TEM). The C. albicans showed a brush-like fibrous structure densely arranged perpendicularly to the outermost layer of the cell wall; this was confirmed and further revealed as a fibrillar layer In thin-sections by FSF TEM. The Interconnection was formed with fibrils between one cell and the next, and between the cell and its surrounding materials. It is suggested that the adherence of C. albicans cells to the host cell was mediated by the fibrillar networks or free extracellular materials secreted from the Candida cell. A similar fibrillar layer on the cell wall has also been recognized in germ tube cells and chlamydospores of C. albicans, and in other Candida species, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The findings in this study, and our previous results obtained with the cell surface antigens of C. albicans by immuno-ferritin test, support us in suggesting that brush-like fibrillar structure is an intrinsic part of the cell wall in some fungi, and it may be a part of the wall mannan-protein complex In the yeast phase of C. albicans.
[Development of targeted chemoradiotherapy for malignant melanoma by exploitation of metabolic pathway]. (1998)

Malignant melanoma cell possesses a unique metabolic pathway which consists of conversion of tyrosine, an essential amino acid, to dopa and subsequently to dopaquinone in the presence of tyrosinase to form melanin, the end product of the metabolic pathway. This tyrosinase-mediated melanin biosynthesis occurs within normal melanocyte and its transformed cell, malignant melanoma cell. It is in general highly elevated in malignant melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes. The objective of our research is to develop targeted therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma by utilizing this unique metabolic pathway in the presence of tyrosinase. Specifically we have synthesized sulpher homologue of tyrosine, cysteinylphenol and its amine derivative, cysteaminylphenol (CAP) and subsequently its N-acetyl and N-propionyl derivatives (N-acetyl and N-propionyl-CAP). These synthetic compounds are good tyrosinase substrates and possess high lipophilicity and penetration through the plasma membrane into melanoma cells. Our in vivo and in vitro studies using these synthetic compounds revealed following findings: (1) CAP and its derivatives possess selective cytotoxicity to human neoplastic cells, in particular tyrosinase-positive melanoma cells; (2) N-Acetyl-CAP and N-propionyl-CAP possess both cytostatic and cytocidal effect; (3) These synthetic compounds provide irreversible DNA damage to melanoma cells with high tyrosinase activity; (4) However, there is no irreversible DNA damage to non-pigmented, tyrosinase negative cells; (5) Pharmacological effect of CAP appears to be related to oxidative stress; (6) Radio-labelled CAP derivatives showed selective incorporation into melanin-forming melanoma cells; (7) This selective cytotoxicity can occur in non-melanin forming cells after transfection of human tyrosinase cDNA, resulting cytocidal effect. All these findings clearly indicate that our synthetic compounds which are good substrates of human tyrosinase can provide basis for the development of targeted chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy. In addition the transfection of human tyrosinase cDNA will provide the rational approach for developing the targeted gene therapy to non-melanoma cells.
The circuitry of a master switch: Myod and the regulation of skeletal muscle gene transcription (2005)

The expression of Myod is sufficient to convert a fibroblast to a skeletal muscle cell, and, as such, is a model system in developmental biology for studying how a single initiating event can orchestrate a highly complex and predictable response. Recent findings indicate that Myod functions in an instructive chromatin context and directly regulates genes that are expressed throughout the myogenic program, achieving promoter-specific regulation of its own binding and activity through a feed-forward mechanism. These studies are beginning to merge our understanding of how lineage-specific information is encoded in chromatin with how master regulatory factors drive programs of cell differentiation.
Oncogenic KRAS Activates Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2007)

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is deregulated in multiple human cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Because KRAS mutation represents one of the earliest genetic alterations and occurs almost universally in PDA, we hypothesized that oncogenic KRAS promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis in part through activation of the Hh pathway. Here, we report that oncogenic KRAS activates hedgehog signaling in PDA cells, utilizing a downstream effector pathway mediated by RAF/MEK/MAPK but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT. Oncogenic KRAS transformation of human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells increases GLI transcriptional activity, an effect that is inhibited by the MEK-specific inhibitors U0126 and PD98059, but not by the PI3K-specific inhibitor wortmannin. Inactivation of KRAS activity by a small interfering RNA specific for oncogenic KRAS inhibits GLI activity and GLI1 expression in PDA cell lines with activating KRAS mutation; the MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 elicit a similar response. In addition, expression of the constitutively active form of BRAF(E600), but not myr-AKT, blocks the inhibitory effects of KRAS knockdown on Hh signaling. Finally, suppressing GLI activity leads to a selective attenuation of the oncogenic transformation activity of mutant KRAS-expressing PDA cells. These results demonstrate that oncogenic KRAS, through RAF/MEK/MAPK signaling, is directly involved in the activation of the hedgehog pathway in PDA cells and that collaboration between these two signaling pathways may play an important role in PDA progression.
Solvent-Accessible Cysteines in Human Cystathionine β-Synthase:  Crucial Role of Cysteine 431 in S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Binding (2006)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a tetrameric heme protein that catalyzes the PLP-dependent condensation of serine and homocysteine to cystathionine. CBS occupies a crucial regulatory position between the methionine cycle and transsulfuration. Human CBS contains 11 cysteine residues that are highly conserved in mammals but completely absent in the yeast enzyme, which catalyzes an identical reaction, suggesting a possible regulatory role for some of these residues. In this report, we demonstrate that in both the presence and absence of the CBS allosteric regulator S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet), only C15 and C431 of human CBS are solvent accessible. Mutagenesis of C15 to serine did not affect catalysis or AdoMet activation but significantly reduced aggregation of the purified enzyme in vitro. Mutagenesis of C431 resulted in a constitutively activated form of CBS that could not be further activated by either AdoMet or thermal activation. We and others have previously reported a number of C-terminal CBS point mutations that result in a decreased or abolished response to AdoMet. In contrast to all of these previously investigated CBS mutants, the C431 mutant form of CBS was unable to bind AdoMet, indicating that either this residue is directly involved in AdoMet binding or its absence induces a conformational change that destroys the integrity of the binding site for this regulatory ligand.
CloudScan - A Configuration-Free Invoice Analysis System Using Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

We present CloudScan; an invoice analysis system that requires zero configuration or upfront annotation. In contrast to previous work, CloudScan does not rely on templates of invoice layout, instead it learns a single global model of invoices that naturally generalizes to unseen invoice layouts. The model is trained using data automatically extracted from end-user provided feedback. This automatic training data extraction removes the requirement for users to annotate the data precisely. We describe a recurrent neural network model that can capture long range context and compare it to a baseline logistic regression model corresponding to the current CloudScan production system. We train and evaluate the system on 8 important fields using a dataset of 326,471 invoices. The recurrent neural network and baseline model achieve 0.891 and 0.887 average F1 scores respectively on seen invoice layouts. For the harder task of unseen invoice layouts, the recurrent neural network model outperforms the baseline with 0.840 average F1 compared to 0.788.
Coadministration of Gamma Interferon with DNA Vaccine Expressing Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV) Core Antigen Enhances the Specific Immune Response and Protects against WHV Infection (2001)

DNA vaccinations are able to induce strong cellular immune responses in mice and confer protection against infectious agents. However, DNA vaccination of large animals appears to be less effective and requires repeated injections of large amounts of plasmid DNA. Enhancement of the efficiency of DNA vaccines may be achieved by coapplication of cytokine-expressing plasmids. Here we investigated, with woodchucks, whether coadministration of an expression plasmid for woodchuck gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), pWIFN-gamma, can improve DNA vaccination with woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (WHcAg). Animals were immunized with pWHcIm (a plasmid expressing WHcAg) alone or with a combination of pWHcIm and pWIFN-gamma using a gene gun. Six weeks postimmunization, all animals were challenged with 10(5) genome equivalents of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). The antibody and lymphoproliferative immune responses to WHV proteins were determined after immunization and after challenge. Vaccination with pWHcIm and pWIFN-gamma led to a pronounced lymphoproliferative response to WHcAg and protected woodchucks against subsequent virus challenge. Two of three animals vaccinated with pWHcIm alone did not show a detectable lymphoproliferative response to WHcAg. A low-level WHV infection occurred in these woodchucks after challenge, as WHV DNA was detectable in the serum by PCR. None of the pWHcIm-vaccinated animals showed an anti-WHcAg antibody response after DNA vaccination or an anamnestic response after virus challenge. Our results indicate that coadministration of the WIFN-gamma gene with pWHcIm enhanced the specific cellular immune response and improved the protective efficacy of WHV-specific DNA vaccines.
Learning the structure of Markov logic networks (2005)

Markov logic networks (MLNs) combine logic and probability by attaching weights to first-order clauses, and viewing these as templates for features of Markov networks. In this paper we develop an algorithm for learning the structure of MLNs from relational databases, combining ideas from inductive logic programming (ILP) and feature induction in Markov networks. The algorithm performs a beam or shortest-first search of the space of clauses, guided by a weighted pseudo-likelihood measure. This requires computing the optimal weights for each candidate structure, but we show how this can be done efficiently. The algorithm can be used to learn an MLN from scratch, or to refine an existing knowledge base. We have applied it in two real-world domains, and found that it outperforms using off-the-shelf ILP systems to learn the MLN structure, as well as pure ILP, purely probabilistic and purely knowledge-based approaches.
Quiescence in Nuclear Transfer (1998)

When sheep donor cells derived from embryo, fetal, and adult tissues were induced to exit the growth cycle and become quiescent, live lambs were produced after nuclear transfer from such treated cultured cells ([1][1]). The cells were cultured in reduced serum concentration for several days until
Evidence for adduct formation at the semiconductor-gas interface. Photoluminescent properties of cadmium selenide in the presence of amines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for adduct formation at the semiconductor-gas interface. Photoluminescent properties of cadmium selenide in the presence of aminesGerald J. Meyer, George C. Lisensky, and Arthur B. EllisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 15, 4914–4918Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00223a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00223a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fipamezole (JP‐1730) is a potent α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in the MPTP‐lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease (2003)

Previous studies in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease have demonstrated that alpha(2) adrenergic receptor antagonists such as idazoxan, rauwolscine, and yohimbine can alleviate L-dopa-induced dyskinesia and, in the case of idazoxan, enhance the duration of anti-parkinsonian action of L-dopa. Here we describe a novel alpha(2) antagonist, fipamezole (JP-1730), which has high affinity at human alpha(2A) (K(i), 9.2 nM), alpha(2B) (17 nM), and alpha(2C) (55 nM) receptors. In functional assays, the potent antagonist properties of JP-1730 were demonstrated by its ability to reduce adrenaline-induced (35)S-GTPgammaS binding with K(B) values of 8.4 nM, 16 nM, 4.7 nM at human alpha(2A), alpha(2B), and alpha(2C) receptors, respectively. Assessment of the ability of JP-1730 to bind to a range of 30 other binding sites showed that JP-1730 also had moderate affinity at histamine H1 and H3 receptors and the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (IC(50) 100 nM to 1 microM). In the MPTP-lesioned marmoset, JP-1730 (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced L-dopa-induced dyskinesia without compromising the anti-parkinsonian action of L-dopa. The duration of action of the combination of L-dopa and JP-1730 (10 mg/kg) was 66% greater than that of L-dopa alone. These data suggest that JP-1730 is a potent alpha(2) adrenergic receptor antagonist with potential as an anti-dyskinetic agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Ventricular Pacing from the Middle Cardiac Vein Mimicking Supraventricular Morphology (1979)

A cose is described in which ventricular pacing from the middle cardiac vein produced an electrocardiographic pattern which mimicked the morphology of the normally conducted beats. The possible etiologies of this unusual phenomenon and its implications concerning the functional anatomy of the normal conduction system in the human heart are discussed.
Experimental Study of Hydrogen Heating in Powerful Electric Discharge Launcher (1997)

3, a current of #1.5 MA, energy stored at 1.3 MJ, and a circuit ringing frequency of 1 kHz. A diagnostic discharge chamber was constructed to simulate gas heating in the electric discharge launcher (EDL) discharge chamber and to facilitate the use of a high-speed camera. Based on the arc dynamics study in the diagnostic discharge chamber, estimates of the temperature and conductivity of the arc channel were carried out for the EDL chamber. The measured pressure of 200 MPa and conductivity of 230 (X 3 cm) 21 correspond to temperatures of (3.3‐ 3.5) 3 10 4 K and of (2.3‐ 2.4) 3 10 4 K for the arcs, burning in copper vapor and hydrogen, respectively. The real temperature seems to lie between these two values. Since pressure equilibrium in the volume was reached, acoustic oscillations may be used to evaluate the gas temperature. The moving arc causes shock waves that are measured by pressure transducers, placed along the discharge length, and by high-speed camera photographs. The arc-to-gas energy transfer efe ciency rises along with initial H 2 pressure increase and reaches 90% for 40 MPa. Both the propagation of the shock wave and the arc radiation absorption contribute to this rise.