gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-complexity selected mapping schemes for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems (2005)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive transmission technique for high-bit-rate communication systems. One major drawback of OFDM is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter's output signal. The selected mapping (SLM) approach provides good performance for PAPR reduction, but it requires a bank of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs) to generate a set of candidate transmission signals, and this requirement usually results in high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a kind of low-complexity conversions to replace the IFFT blocks in the conventional SLM method. Based on the proposed conversions, we develop two novel SLM schemes with much lower complexity than the conventional one; the first method uses only one IFFT block to generate the set of candidate signals, while the second one uses two IFFT blocks. Computer simulation results show that, as compared to the conventional SLM scheme, the first proposed approach has slightly worse PAPR reduction performance and the second proposed one reaches almost the same PAPR reduction performance.
The Mucosal Adjuvant Cholera Toxin B Instructs Non-Mucosal Dendritic Cells to Promote IgA Production Via Retinoic Acid and TGF-β (2013)

It is currently unknown how mucosal adjuvants cause induction of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), and how T cell-dependent (TD) or -independent (TI) pathways might be involved. Mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary antigen presenting cells driving TI IgA synthesis, by producing a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), B cell activating factor (BAFF), Retinoic Acid (RA), TGF-β or nitric oxide (NO). We hypothesized that the mucosal adjuvant Cholera Toxin subunit B (CTB) could imprint non-mucosal DCs to induce IgA synthesis, and studied the mechanism of its induction. In vitro, CTB-treated bone marrow derived DCs primed for IgA production by B cells without the help of T cells, yet required co-signaling by different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands acting via the MyD88 pathway. CTB-DC induced IgA production was blocked in vitro or in vivo when RA receptor antagonist, TGF-β signaling inhibitor or neutralizing anti-TGF-β was added, demonstrating the involvement of RA and TGF-β in promoting IgA responses. There was no major involvement for BAFF, APRIL or NO. This study highlights that synergism between CTB and MyD88-dependent TLR signals selectively imprints a TI IgA-inducing capacity in non-mucosal DCs, explaining how CTB acts as an IgA promoting adjuvant.
Total parenteral nutrition in infancy: effect on the liver and suggested pathogenesis (1983)

Biochemical, histological, and electron-microscopic investigation of seven preterm infants who became jaundiced after prolonged total parenteral nutrition showed conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia apparently due to cholestasis without significant primary liver cell injury. In the absence of evidence indicating a direct toxic effect on the liver of this form of nutrition the necropsy findings in one child and analogy with the effects of total parenteral nutrition in animals suggest that the cholestasis is the result of suppression of trophic and/or secretion-stimulating hormone(s) normally produced by the gut, due to absent enteral nutrition. Biochemical and electron-microscopic findings suggest that liver cell damage occurs after resumption of enteral nutrition.
Synthesis and Properties of Dinuclear Complexes with a Photochromic Bridge: An Intervalence Electron Transfer Switching “On” and “Off” (2000)

Two cyclometallated Ru(bpy)2(pp) units (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; pp = 2-phenylpyridine) were grafted via ethynyl spacers onto the photochromic cores of the norbornadiene or dithienylethene families, to give the bimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes 1 and 2a, respectively. Two aspects of these compounds were studied: (i) photoisomerization (norbornadiene to quadricyclane for 1, open form to closed form of the dithienylethene core for 2a), and (ii) intervalence transitions in the mixed-valence ruthenium(II−III) state, with determination of the metal−metal electronic coupling (Vab) by Hush’s equation. Moderate metal−metal electronic coupling (0.068 eV) was found for 1, but 1 cannot be isomerized into the quadricyclane form. On the other hand, 2a can be reversibly photoisomerized to the closed form 2b. An iodine(III) reagent, the triflate salt of bis(pyridyl)phenyliodonium, was used for the oxidation of 2a and 2b. During these oxidations, an intervalence band due to intramolecular electron transfer between ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) was detected for 2b, but not for 2a. This switching “on” or “off” of the intervalence transition is rationalized with extended Hückel calculations. Finally, the molecular orbital calculation explains the observed tendency of the closed form 2b to reopen upon oxidation.
A novel external electrode configuration for the electrostatic actuation of MEMS based devices (2004)

A novel external electrode concept is introduced and compared with the conventional and often used parallel plate electrode scheme for the electrostatic actuation of micro-electromechanical devices. In contrast to conventional parallel plate actuation, the presented external electrode configuration allows controlled operation of electrostatic actuators over their entire range of motion by avoiding electrostatic instability. The test vehicle for studying deflection versus voltage is a cantilevered beam with a free end, i.e. the worst-case scenario from a stability standpoint. Modeling and fabrication of test devices is discussed and experimental results are presented.
The chemistry of gliding bacteria (2007)

New microbial sources of natural products are urgently needed in order to find new structural classes and/or unique structural variations. Gliding bacteria, as found in the taxa Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria, include members whose secondary metabolism is hardly investigated. Also, many of the members of these taxa have rather large genome sizes, pointing towards their potential to produce natural products. A general overview on the chemistry of gliding bacteria is currently hard to retrieve from the literature, and the compilation presented here is intended to highlight the metabolic versatility of these organisms.
Image Reconstruction Algorithm for a SPECT System With a Convergent Rotating Slat Collimator (2004)

In this paper, we suggest the use of a convergent rotating slat collimator in a SPECT system that contains strip-shaped CdZnTe detectors. This CdZnTe imaging device is able to provide better energy resolution than a conventional NaI(Tl) detector. A convergent imaging geometry has a higher detection sensitivity than a parallel imaging geometry when imaging a small object. A novel design method and reconstruction technique are proposed for use in this system.
Serum CrossLaps One Step ELISA. First application of monoclonal antibodies for measurement in serum of bone-related degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (1998)

We have developed a two-site ELISA for measurement in serum of bone-related degradation products derived from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. The assay is based on the application of two highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the amino acid sequence of AHD-beta-GGR, where the aspartic acid residue (D) is beta-isomerized. In a one-step incubation procedure, the degradation products containing cross-linked diisomerized EKAHD-beta-GGR peptides are captured by a biotinylated antibody and a peroxidase-conjugated antibody. The generated complex is then bound to the streptavidin surface via the biotin conjugate. Desalted urinary antigens are used for standardization, and parallelism is observed with serum samples. Results are obtained in <2.5 h, and both inter- and intraassay imprecision are <8%. The serum CrossLaps concentration was 1748+/-740 pmol/L (mean +/- SD) in premenopausal women (n = 65) and 2952+/-1325 pmol/L in a group of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 169). The Serum CrossLaps One Step ELISA was capable of detecting a highly significant (P <0.001) effect of hormone replacement therapy in a retrospective study involving 22 postmenopausal women.
La elección de centro y los resultados de la enseñanza (2008)

El autor de este articulo concluye que la simple eleccion de centro no parece tener efectos notables sobre el aprendizaje de los alumnos. Se apoya esta afirmacion en la evidencia proporcionada por el reciente informe PISA, de la OCDE, que pregunto a los directores de los centros si habia en la zona otro colegio con el compitieran por el alumnado.
Double Arbuzov Reaction of in Situ Generated Bis(trimethylsiloxy)phosphine with Dielectrophiles: Methodology for the Synthesis of Cyclic Phosphinic Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDouble Arbuzov Reaction of in Situ Generated Bis(trimethylsiloxy)phosphine with Dielectrophiles: Methodology for the Synthesis of Cyclic Phosphinic AcidsJean-Luc Montchamp, Feng Tian, and J. W. FrostCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 19, 6076–6081Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00124a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00124a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast and memory-efficient regular expression matching for deep packet inspection (2008)

Packet content scanning at high speed has become extremely important due to its applications in network security, network monitoring, HTTP load balancing, etc. In content scanning, the packet payload is compared against a set of patterns specified as regular expressions. In this paper, we first show that memory requirements using traditional methods are prohibitively high for many patterns used in packet scanning applications. We then propose regular expression rewrite techniques that can effectively reduce memory usage. Further, we develop a grouping scheme that can strategically compile a set of regular expressions into several engines, resulting in remarkable improvement of regular expression matching speed without much increase in memory usage. We implement a new DFA-based packet scanner using the above techniques. Our experimental results using real-world traffic and patterns show that our implementation achieves a factor of 12 to 42 performance improvement over a commonly used DFA-based scanner. Compared to the state-of-art NFA-based implementation, our DFA-based packet scanner achieves 50 to 700 times speedup
Biophysical characterization of recombinant proteins expressing the leucine zipper-like domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein gp41 (1996)

Envelope oligomerization is thought to serve several crucial functions during the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We recently reported that virus entry requires coiled-coil formation of the leucine zipper-like domain of the HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41 (C. Wild, T. Oas, C. McDanal, D. Bolognesi, and T. Matthews, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10537-10541, 1992; C. Wild, J. W. Dubay, T. Greenwell, T. Baird, Jr., T. G. Oas, C. McDanal, E. Hunter, and T. Matthews, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:12676-12680, 1994). To determine the oligomeric state mediated by this region of the envelope, we have expressed the zipper motif as a fusion partner with the monomeric maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli. The biophysical properties of this protein were characterized by velocity and equilibrium sedimentation, size exclusion chromatography, light scattering, and chemical cross-linking analyses. Results indicate that the leucine zipper sequence from HIV-1 is capable of multimerizing much larger and otherwise monomeric proteins into extremely stable tetramers. Recombinant proteins containing an alanine or a serine substitution at a critical isoleucine residue within the zipper region were also generated and similarly analyzed. The alanine- and serine-substituted proteins behaved as tetrameric and monomeric species, respectively, consistent with the influence of these same substitutions on the helical coiled-coil structure of synthetic peptide models. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the fusogenic gp4l structure involves tetramerization of the leucine zipper domain which is situated approximately 30 residues from the N-terminal fusion peptide sequence.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor-α Binding and Ubiquitylation by the von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein (2000)

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) has emerged as a key factor in cellular responses to oxygen availability, being required for the oxygen-dependent proteolysis of alpha subunits of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF). Mutations in VHL cause a hereditary cancer syndrome associated with dysregulated angiogenesis, and up-regulation of hypoxia inducible genes. Here we investigate the mechanisms underlying these processes and show that extracts from VHL-deficient renal carcinoma cells have a defect in HIF-alpha ubiquitylation activity which is complemented by exogenous pVHL. This defect was specific for HIF-alpha among a range of substrates tested. Furthermore, HIF-alpha subunits were the only pVHL-associated proteasomal substrates identified by comparison of metabolically labeled anti-pVHL immunoprecipitates from proteosomally inhibited cells and normal cells. Analysis of pVHL/HIF-alpha interactions defined short sequences of conserved residues within the internal transactivation domains of HIF-alpha molecules sufficient for recognition by pVHL. In contrast, while full-length pVHL and the p19 variant interact with HIF-alpha, the association was abrogated by further N-terminal and C-terminal truncations. The interaction was also disrupted by tumor-associated mutations in the beta-domain of pVHL and loss of interaction was associated with defective HIF-alpha ubiquitylation and regulation, defining a mechanism by which these mutations generate a constitutively hypoxic pattern of gene expression promoting angiogenesis. The findings indicate that pVHL regulates HIF-alpha proteolysis by acting as the recognition component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, and support a model in which its beta domain interacts with short recognition sequences in HIF-alpha subunits.
Stem cell transplantation and gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies. (2005)

The b-thalassemias and sickle cell disorders are the most common genetic diseases worldwide. Although improvements in conservative treatment have considerably improved the prognosis of hemoglobinopathies, stem cell transplantation remains the only cure for thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Results of transplants in these diseases have steadily improved over the last two decades due to improvements in preventive strategies, effective control of transplant-related complications and development of new preparative regimens. High-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing has enabled physicians to perform transplant from unrelated volunteer donors for thalassemia with results comparable with those obtained employing an HLA-identical sibling. Current understandings of stable mixed chimerism (MC) in patients with hemoglobinopathies provide a rationale for the use of less intensive conditioning regimens and future gene therapy. Despite recent advances in animal models, the clinical application of gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies is unlikely to be a reality for at least near future. With the advances in transplantation for thalassemia, all sickle cell disease patients should be offered stem cell transplantation with an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor. This review focuses on the current status of stem cell transplantation for hemoglobinopathies.
Human Longevity and Aging: Possible Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (1991)

A brief overview has been given of the biological nature of human aging processes, where it has been emphasized that, in addition to the diseases of aging, there is also great economic loss as a result of human aging processes that began many years before medical costs related to aging begin to escalate. Because of the ubiquitous nature of aging, reducing the function of essentially all physiological processes, it appears that the only long-term solution to human aging problems is to decrease uniformly the aging rate of the entire body. Although the uniform decrease of aging rate has usually been considered impossible, where emphasis has consequently been placed on diseases of aging by the medically-orientated investigator, there is now at least one theoretical argument, accompanied by some experimental data, that suggests that progress can be made in achieving this goal. This progress has been based on the longevity determinant gene hypothesis predicting the existence of a relatively few key regulatory factors governing aging rate of the entire organism. If this hypothesis is not true, then indeed the prospect for significant intervention into human aging would appear impossible in the near future. Experiments have been briefly reviewed testing the longevity determinant gene hypothesis, the possibility that aging may be a result of dysdifferentiation and if aging rate is determined by mechanisms acting to stabilize the differentiated state of cells. In testing the dysdifferentiation hypothesis of aging, there is not yet much data one way or the other. It is evident, however, that changes in gene expression do occur with age, sometimes involving endogenous retroviruses or oncogenes. Other morphological evidence shows an increase with age in unusual cell type such as metaplasia cells. However, there is considerably more evidence indicating that aging may be a result of genetic instability (as it is in cancer) and that longer-lived species appear to have a more stable genetic apparatus and superior protective mechanisms against reactive oxygen species. There is a striking similarity in this model of aging and models of cancer, and much might be gained in bringing together these two fields of research. Taking all of these data together, as summarized in Table 14, it appears we may be on the right track and that mechanisms acting to protect DNA against oxidative damage may be one class of longevity determinant mechanisms. There is of course much work remaining to be done, some of which is listed in Table 15 in terms of our knowledge and our gaps of knowledge in this field.
Functional effects of CD30 on a large granular lymphoma cell line, YT. Inhibition of cytotoxicity, regulation of CD28 and IL-2R, and induction of homotypic aggregation. (1993)

Studies are described revealing novel regulatory functions for the lymphocyte activation Ag CD30. A new mAb, C10, reactive with YT cells binds to CD30 and induces inhibition of the cytotoxicity of YT for Raji cells. C10 inhibition of cytotoxicity requires several hours preincubation of YT with C10; the antibody has no effect if added directly to YT cytotoxicity assays. CD30 stimulation by C10 down-regulates CD28 expression on YT by > 80% within 48 h. Because CD28 is required for YT cytotoxicity toward Raji cells and other B7/BB1 bearing targets, it is suggested that inhibition of cytotoxicity of YT is mediated by control of CD28 expression and/or signaling via CD30. Accordingly, conjugation of YT with Raji is only slightly affected by CD30-mediated down-regulation of CD28, and perforin mRNA steady state levels are not changed at all. C10 treatment of YT cells additionally down-regulates the expression CD45 and up-regulates IL-2R p55. Moreover, CD30 stimulation by C10 causes homotypic aggregation of YT. Homotypic aggregation is slow, requiring gene transcription, translation, metabolic energy at elevated temperature (37 degrees C), magnesium ions, and an intact cytoskeleton. These studies offer insights into the function of CD30 as a complex regulator of T cells.
New low complexity DCT based video compression method (2009)

Generally, video signal has high temporal redundancies due to the high correlation between successive frames. Actually, this redundancy has not been exploited enough by current video compression techniques. In this paper, we present a new video compression approach which tends to hard exploit the pertinent temporal redundancy in the video frames to improve compression efficiency with minimum processing complexity. It consists on a 3D to 2D transformation of the video frames that allows exploring the temporal redundancy of the video using 2D transforms and avoiding the computationally demanding motion compensation step. This transformation turns the spatial-temporal correlation of the video into high spatial correlation. Indeed, this technique transforms each group of pictures to one picture eventually with high spatial correlation. Thus, the decorrelation of the resulting pictures by the DCT makes efficient energy compaction, and therefore produces a high video compression ratio. Many experimental tests had been conducted to prove the method efficiency especially in high bit rate and with slow motion video. The proposed method seems to be well suitable for video surveillance applications and for embedded video compression systems.
Immunosignaturing Microarrays Distinguish Antibody Profiles of Related Pancreatic Diseases (2013)

Immunosignaturing is a technology that allows the humoral immune response to be observed through the binding of antibodies to random sequence peptides. Profiles of the antibody repertoire produced during infection or during long-term chronic disease have proven to be informative for disease classification. An important unanswered question relative to this technology is whether different diseases that target the same organ and result in similar early phenotypes have similar or distinguishable immunosignatures. This question is of clinical relevance when considering patients who present with similar symptoms early during their disease. The pancreas is one such organ; diseases that affects this organ can cause the patient both broad and acute distress, with little to distinguish the disease source. If the cause were made clear without biopsy, and could be accomplished during routine monitoring, earlier intervention could improve health. Pancreatic cancer, chronic or acute pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B or C infection, and other diseases can deeply affect the function of the pancreas, complicating diagnosis. We tested the immunosignaturing platform for its ability to resolve four different diseases that target the same organ; pancreatic cancer, pre-pancreatic cancer (panIN), type II diabetes and acute pancreatitis. These diseases were separated with >90% specificity from controls and from each other. We also describe a mathematical method that allows identification of 3 distinct components of an immunosignature: disease specific, ‘housekeeping’ and patient specific variation. The first component is useful in diagnosing disease, the second for baseline for the technology and third for monitoring changes in a healthy individual over time.