gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract: Intense field-emission ion source of liquid metals (1975)

Intense ion beams are of interest in fusion research for plasma heating, diagnostics, and target compression and in industry for implantation, microfabrication, etc. We report the generation of intense beams of metal ions of Li, Cs, Sn, Ga, and Hg by field-ion emission of molten metal films on solid wire needles. The source is extremely simple and is based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities induced in liquid films under electric stress. In practice, for a point-source or needle emitter, a tungsten needle protrudes from the surface of the molten metal which, with good wetting, flows as a thin film to the needle apex. Application of a potential difference between the needle anode and an apertured cathode results in an electrohydrodynamic instability in the film which is manifested as a filamentary cusp at the needle apex. The electric field intensity at the cusp is sufficient to produce intense atomic-ion emission by field ionization. When the protruding length of the needle through the molten metal pool is appropriately adjusted, the tip becomes self-feeding and continuous ion emission occurs. Direct currents of 50–700 μA can be readily produced from single needles at modest voltages (3–10 kV). Examination of the liquid cusp in an electron microscope shows that the radius of the emitting zone is ?104 Å, suggesting ion current densities in excess of 104 A/cm2. Source scaling can be achieved with an array of needles. Alternatively, one can use a linear or annular edge over which the molten metal flows as a thin film. In the latter source the ion emitting sites are generated along the edge by the field at a frequency given by λ=8πS/3ε0E2, where S is surface tension and E is field strength. Ion emission is accompanied by light emission from a microscopic spot (10–50 μm) at the anode apex. The anode emission process bears some phenomenological similarities to anode spots and cathode spots in vacuum arcs and to pulsed high-current pinched plasma jets formed on pointed anodes or from exploding wires. Such plasmas are known to be dynamic linear pinches. What we have produced is a microscopic metal-vapor plasma ball, and we have found a way of anchoring this to allow continuous operation. We do not know by what mechanism the intense plasma spot forms; almost certainly it is initiated by field ionization, the electrons perhaps being generated by ion collisions with the metal vapor. Heating and evaporation of the anode jet could be by I2R heating or by electrons accelerated across the anode drop between plasma ball and liquid surface. As a stable plasma ball it is novel and readily lends itself to plasma diagnostics. Also by rapidly discharging a high current at high voltage through the anode it should provide a source of a minute dense plasma more reproducibly than presently attained and an intense pulsed source of ions, light, and x rays.
Wavelength-locked two-stage fibre Fabry–Perot filter for dense wavelength division demultiplexing in erbium-doped fibre amplifier spectrum (1992)

Insertion loss of 5.6 dB and finesse greater than 2000 within a 40 nm tuning range are demonstrated in a wavelengthlocked, two-stage fibre Fabry–Perot filter capable of separating 1000 channels in an erbium-doped fibre amplifier spectrum.
Addressing scalability in API method call analytics (2016)

Intelligent code completion recommends relevant code to developers by comparing the editor content to code patterns extracted by analyzing large repositories. However, with the vast amount of data available in such repositories, scalability of the recommender system becomes an issue. We propose using Boolean Matrix Factorization (BMF) as a clustering technique for analyzing code in order to improve scalability of the underlying models. We compare model size, inference speed, and prediction quality of an intelligent method call completion engine built on top of canopy clustering versus one built on top of BMF. Our results show that BMF reduces model size up to 80% and increases inference speed up to 78%, without significant change in prediction quality.
Inactivation of Brain Tryptophan Hydroxylase by Nitric Oxide (1996)

Tryptophan hydroxylase, the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, is inactivated by nitric oxide (NO) and by the NO generators sodium nitroprusside, diethylamine/NO, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, and S-nitrosocysteine. The inactivation occurs in an oxygen-free environment and is enhanced by dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid. Protection against the effect of NO on tryptophan hydroxylase is afforded by oxyhemoglobin, reduced glutathione, and exogenous Fe(II). Catalase partially protects the enzyme from NO-induced inactivation, whereas both superoxide dismutase and uric acid are without effect. These findings indicate that tryptophan hydroxylase is a target for NO and suggest that critical iron-sulfur groups in this enzyme serve as the substrate for NO-induced nitrosylation of the protein, resulting in enzyme inactivation.
A design framework for Internet-scale event observation and notification (1997)

There is increasing interest in having software systems execute and interoperate over the Internet. Execution and interoperation at this scale imply a degree of loose coupling and heterogeneity among the components from which such systems will be built. One common architectural style for distributed; loosely-coupled, heterogeneous software systems is a structure based on event generation, observation and notification. The technology to support this approach is well-developed for local area networks, but it is illsuited to networks on the scale of the Internet. Hence, new technologies are needed to support the construction of large-scale, event-based software systems for the Internet. We have begun to design a new facility for event observation and notification that better serves the needs of Internet-scale applications. In this paper we present results from our first step in this design process, in which we defined a framework that captures many of the relevant design dimensions. Our framework comprises seven models-an object model, an event model, a naming model, an observation model, a time model, a notification model, and a resource model. The paper discusses each of these models in detail and illustrates them using an example involving an update to a Web page. The paper also evaluates three existing technologies with respect to the seven models.
The Passive Transfer of Human Malarial Immunity (1964)

Sotiriades, in 1917, reported clinical improvement in the condition of a patient with acute malaria following the inoculation of 10 ml of serum obtained from a "chronic" case. Kauders confirmed this finding by observing that beneficial effects resulted in 9 of 12 patients who received small quantities of serum from a person difficult to infect with malaria. While these reports suggested that the passive transfer of malarial immunity was feasible the first convincing evidence was adduced by Coggeshall and Kumm. These authors showed that protection against Plasmodium knowlesi could be conferred upon non-immune rhesus monkeys through serum obtained from monkeys previously immunized against this parasite. Although the degree of protection achieved was variable, best results being obtained when parasitic inocula were small, this study clearly indicated the existence of protective antibodies in the blood of monkeys with established malarial infections.
The Discovery of Glycated Hemoglobin: A Major Event in the Study of Nonenzymatic Chemistry in Biological Systems (2005)

Glycated hemoglobins are minor components of human hemoglobin (Hb). These are formed nonenzymatically by condensation of glucose or other reducing sugars with alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin A. The subfraction HbA1c, a nonenzymatic glycation at the amino-terminal valines of the beta-chain, was identified by the author in the 1960s as a minor "abnormal fast-moving hemoglobin band" in diabetic patients during routine screening for hemoglobin variants. This finding later turned out to be an important biomolecular marker with clinical and pathological applications. Measurement of HbA1c in diabetic patients is an established procedure for evaluating long-term control of diabetes, and the introduction of this measurement represents an outstanding contribution to the quality of care of diabetic patients in this century. More importantly, HbA1c is the first example of in vivo nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, and its discovery opened new and still-growing avenues of research on Maillard reactions in biological systems, including the concept of advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs) and the development of diabetic complications and various diseases associated with aging. Although interest in the Maillard reaction is growing rapidly, much remains to be done in this field, including detection and characterization of all in vivo AGEs/ALEs, development and clinical applications of AGE inhibitors and breakers, as well as investigations into the possible roles of the Maillard reaction in regulatory biology and carcinogenesis.
Multiuser MIMO downlink with limited inter-cell cooperation: Approximate interference alignment in time, frequency and space (2008)

We consider a realistic albeit simplified scenario for wireless cellular systems of the next generation (4G and beyond), where MIMO-OFDM, opportunistic scheduling, channel state information at the transmitter and limited base-station cooperation are envisaged. We propose two strategies with limited base-station cooperation that can be easily implemented with today's technology and achieve an approximate form of inter-cell interference alignment. The first strategy consists of imposing a ldquopower maskrdquo in frequency such that adjacent cooperative clusters of base stations generate different interference levels in different frequency subchannels. The second strategy consists of switching between different cooperative clusters such that no user is in a permanently disadvantaged location.We compare single-user and multiuser MIMO systems in terms of average throughput as a function of the user location.
Concurrent phase I trials of intravenous interleukin 6 in solid tumor patients: reversible dose-limiting neurological toxicity. (1997)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has antitumor activity comparable to IL-2 in murine models with less toxicity. Because the biological effects of intermittent and continuous infusions may differ, we conducted two concurrent Phase I trials of daily x5, 1-h, and continuous 120-h i.v. infusions to determine the toxicity, biological effects, and maximum tolerated dose of i.v. IL-6. Cohorts of six patients with advanced cancer received escalating doses (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 150 microgram/kg/day) of recombinant human IL-6 on days 1-5 and 8-12 of each 28-day course (1-h trial) or on days 1-5 of each 21-day course (120-h trial). Treatment was administered in regular inpatient wards and in outpatient clinics and was withheld in the event of grade 3 toxicity. Sixty-nine patients (1-h trial, n = 40; 120-h trial, n = 29) were enrolled, including 27 with renal cancer and 16 with melanoma. All were ambulatory, and 40 were asymptomatic. Fever (97%), anemia (78%), fatigue (56%), nausea or vomiting (49%), and elevated serum transaminase levels (42%) were the most frequent toxicities. Transient hypotension developed in 23 patients (33%). There were three deaths during the study due to progressive disease and/or infection. There were no objective responses. Dose-related increases in platelet counts and C-reactive protein levels were detected in most patients. Principal dose-limiting toxicities included atrial fibrillation (1 episode in the 1-h trial and 4 episodes in the 120-h trial) and neurological toxicities (3 episodes in the 1-h trial and 4 episodes in the 120-h trial). The neurological toxicities included confusion, slurred speech, blurred vision, proximal leg weakness, paraparesis, and ataxia. These effects were transient and reversed when IL-6 was discontinued. IL-6 can be given by i.v. infusion at biologically active doses with acceptable toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicities consisted mainly of a spectrum of severe but transient neurological toxicities and occasional episodes of atrial fibrillation. The maximum tolerated doses recommended for use with these i.v. schedules in Phase II trials are 100 microgram/kg/day by daily x5 1-h infusion and 30 microgram/kg/day by 120-h infusion. Phase II trials will be performed to determine the antitumor activity of IL-6 and better define its toxicity. Patients in these and other IL-6 studies should be monitored closely for neurological and cardiac effects.
Time‐Controlled Desorption of Ultrathin Polymer Films Triggered by Enzymatic Degradation (2003)

Filmabbau: Die oberflächenabhängige und zeitlich gesteuerte Desorption von schichtweise aufgebauten Filmen aus DNA und einem kationischen synthetischen Polymer durch enzymatische Hydrolyse mit DNase I wird beschrieben (siehe Bild). Das negativ geladene Enzym wird zunächst in einem inaktiven Zustand auf die kationische Polymeroberfläche gebracht. Durch Änderung der Konzentration der essenziellen Mg2+- und Ca2+-Ionen wird dann die Aktivität des Enzyms und damit die Filmdesorption gesteuert.
Rate-dependent prolongation of cardiac action potentials by a methanesulfonanilide class III antiarrhythmic agent. Specific block of rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current by dofetilide. (1993)

Class III antiarrhythmic agents act by selective prolongation of cardiac action potential duration (APD). Methanesulfonanilide class III agents (e.g., E-4031 and dofetilide) are extremely potent and lengthen action potentials in a "reverse" rate-dependent manner; i.e., effects are greater at low compared with high rates of stimulation. By using the whole-cell current-clamp technique in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes, APD was shortened by rapid pacing (244 +/- 16 msec at 30 pulses per minute, 166 +/- 8 msec at 240 pulses per minute; n = 8). Dofetilide (1 microM) prolonged APD more when cells were stimulated at the rate of 30 pulses per minute (44 +/- 10-msec increase) than at 240 pulses per minute (21 +/- 5-msec increase). We investigated the mechanism of APD prolongation using voltage-clamp techniques. Dofetilide selectively inhibited IKr (IC50, 31.5 nM), defined as the rapidly activating inward rectifying component of net delayed rectifier K+ current (IK), without effects on the larger but more slowly activating component of IK (IKs) or on the inward rectifier K+ current (IK1). To examine the rate-dependent effects of dofetilide on APD, trains of conditioning pulses to 0 mV (200-msec duration) were applied at either 30 or 240 pulses per minute to mimic the action potential experiments. Test pulses or ramps were given after the conditioning train to quantitate changes in IK1, IKr, or IKs. The magnitude of neither IK1 nor IKr was dependent on the rate of the preceding train of depolarizations. Sensitivity to block of IKr by dofetilide was rate independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficacy and Tolerance of HCV Treatment in HIV-HCV Coinfected Patients: The Potential Interaction of PI Treatment (2003)

HCV therapy associating interferon and ribavirin in HCV-HIV coinfected patients is well accepted even if tolerance is moderate. Treatment permitted SVR in at least 17% of the cases. This is likely when patients initiate treatment at the early fibrosis stage and are infected with genotype 3a. The potential interaction with PI therapy should be explored.
Responses of theCentral Metabolism in Escherichia coli to PhosphoglucoseIsomerase and Glucose-6-Phosphate DehydrogenaseKnockouts (2003)

The responses of Escherichia coli central carbon metabolism to knockout mutations in phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase genes were investigated by using glucose- and ammonia-limited chemostats. The metabolic network structures and intracellular carbon fluxes in the wild type and in the knockout mutants were characterized by using the complementary methods of flux ratio analysis and metabolic flux analysis based on [U-(13)C]glucose labeling and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of cellular amino acids, glycerol, and glucose. Disruption of phosphoglucose isomerase resulted in use of the pentose phosphate pathway as the primary route of glucose catabolism, while flux rerouting via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway compensated for the G6P dehydrogenase deficiency. Furthermore, additional, unexpected flux responses to the knockout mutations were observed. Most prominently, the glyoxylate shunt was found to be active in phosphoglucose isomerase-deficient E. coli. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway also contributed to a minor fraction of the glucose catabolism in this mutant strain. Moreover, although knockout of G6P dehydrogenase had no significant influence on the central metabolism under glucose-limited conditions, this mutation resulted in extensive overflow metabolism and extremely low tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes under ammonia limitation conditions.
Unconstrained Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Using 3D Generic Elastic Models (2011)

Classical face recognition techniques have been successful at operating under well-controlled conditions; however, they have difficulty in robustly performing recognition in uncontrolled real-world scenarios where variations in pose, illumination, and expression are encountered. In this paper, we propose a new method for real-world unconstrained pose-invariant face recognition. We first construct a 3D model for each subject in our database using only a single 2D image by applying the 3D Generic Elastic Model (3D GEM) approach. These 3D models comprise an intermediate gallery database from which novel 2D pose views are synthesized for matching. Before matching, an initial estimate of the pose of the test query is obtained using a linear regression approach based on automatic facial landmark annotation. Each 3D model is subsequently rendered at different poses within a limited search space about the estimated pose, and the resulting images are matched against the test query. Finally, we compute the distances between the synthesized images and test query by using a simple normalized correlation matcher to show the effectiveness of our pose synthesis method to real-world data. We present convincing results on challenging data sets and video sequences demonstrating high recognition accuracy under controlled as well as unseen, uncontrolled real-world scenarios using a fast implementation.
Functional groups affect physical and biological properties of dextran‐based hydrogels (2009)

Modification of dextran backbone allows the development of a hydrogel with specific characteristics. To enhance their functionality for tissue-engineered scaffolds, a series of dextran-based macromers was synthesized by incorporating various functional groups, including allyl isocyanate (Dex-AI), ethylamine (Dex-AE), chloroacetic acid (Dex-AC), or maleic-anhydride (Dex-AM) into dextrans. The dextran-based biodegradable hybrid hydrogels are developed by integrating polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). To explore the effect of different derivatives on hydrogel properties, three different ratios of Dex/PEGDA are examined: low (20/80), medium (40/60), and high (60/40). Differences in physical and biological properties of the hydrogels are found, including swelling, degradation rate, mechanics, crosslinking density, biocompatibility (in vitro and in vivo), and vascular endothelial growth factor release. The results also indicate that the incorporation of amine groups into dextran gives rise to hydrogels with better biocompatible and release properties. We, therefore, conclude that the incorporation of different functional groups affects the fundamental properties of a dextran-based hydrogel network, and that amine groups are preferred to generate hydrogels for biomedical use.
A novel polymorphism in the gene coding for the beta1-adrenergic receptor associated with survival in patients with heart failure (2000)

A novel missense mution in the beta(1)-adrenergic receptor gene was associated with a decreased mortality risk in patients with congestive heart failure. These data suggest that the beta(1)-receptor Ser49Gly variant might be associated with altered receptor function, resulting in myocardial protection in patients with heart failure.
Extractability and solubility of leaf protein (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtractability and solubility of leaf proteinAntoinette Betschart and John E. KinsellaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 1, 60–65Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60185a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60185a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Size‐Dependent Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Individual Polycrystalline Bismuth Nanowires (2006)

Nanofabrication methods and a device architecture are combined to allow for four-point electric, thermoelectric, and electric field-effect measurements on individual Bi nanowires. The figure shows a false-color SEM image of a typical device used in this study, with the 11 Bi nanowires shown as a red → white gradient. The temperature dependence of the various transport properties as a function of nanowire width is investigated and discussed.