gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unconditionally secure key agreement and the intrinsic conditional information (1999)

This paper is concerned with secret-key agreement by public discussion. Assume that two parties Alice and Bob and an adversary Eve have access to independent realizations of random variables X, Y, and Z, respectively, with joint distribution P/sub XYZ/. The secret-key rate S(X;Y/spl par/Z) has been defined as the maximal rate at which Alice and Bob can generate a secret key by communication over an insecure, but authenticated channel such that Eve's information about this key is arbitrarily small. We define a new conditional mutual information measure, the intrinsic conditional mutual information between S and Y when given Z, denoted by I(X;Y/spl darr/Z), which is an upper bound on S(X;Y/spl par/Z). The special scenarios are analyzed where X, Y, and Z are generated by sending a binary random variable R, for example a signal broadcast by a satellite, over independent channels, or two scenarios in which Z is generated by sending X and Y over erasure channels. In the first two scenarios it can be shown that the secret-key rate is strictly positive if and only if I(X;Y/spl darr/Z) is strictly positive. For the third scenario, a new protocol is presented which allows secret-key agreement even when all the previously known protocols fail.
Targeting of saporin to Hodgkin's lymphoma cells by anti‐CD30 and anti‐CD25 bispecific antibodies (1998)

CD25 and CD30 represent suitable target molecules for bispecific antibody (bimAb)-driven toxin delivery to lymphoid tumour cells. We describe two new anti-CD30/anti-saporin bimAbs (termed CD30 x sap1 and CD30 x sap2), produced by hybrid hybridomas, which react against non-cross-reactive epitopes of the saporin molecule, and compared their effect with a bimAb reacting with saporin and with CD25 (CD25 x sap1). In a protein synthesis inhibition assay these bimAbs were able to enhance saporin toxicity (IC50 = 8.5 x 10(-9) M in the absence of mAbs) with a similar activity: in the presence of 10(-9) M CD30 x sap1 bimAb the IC50 was 2.75 x 10(-11) M, whereas with CD30 x sap2 bimAb the IC50 was 6.5 x 10(-11) M and CD25 x sap1 bimAb displayed an IC50 of 3 x 10(-11) M (as saporin). The combined use of the two anti-CD30 bimAbs further increased cytotoxicity by 100-fold, resulting in an IC50 of 1.9 x 10(-13) M. A slightly less efficient improvement was obtained by combining the CD25 x sap1 bimAb with the CD30 x sap2 bimAb directed against a different toxin epitope (saporin IC50 to 7 x 10(-13) M). In contrast, no synergistic effect was observed using the combination of the anti-CD25 bimAb with the anti-CD30 bimAb reacting with the same epitope of saporin (IC50 = 4.5 x 10(-11) M). Analysis of FITC-saporin binding to L540 cells by flow cytometry demonstrated that the appropriate combinations of the two anti-CD30/anti-saporin bimAbs or of the anti-CD30/anti-saporin and anti-CD25/anti-saporin bimAbs had a cooperative effect on the binding of the ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) to the cells, when compared with single bimAbs.
Lipoprotein receptors, plasma cholesterol metabolism, and the regulation of cellular free cholesterol concentration (1992)

Classical concepts of the regulation of plasma cholesterol levels involve roles for the "forward" delivery of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the liver to the peripheral tissues, mediated by the LDL receptor, and a "reverse" delivery of cholesterol in the form of high density lipoprotein (HDL) from the peripheral tissues to the liver. Candidate receptors for HDL in peripheral tissues and for chylomicrons in the liver have more recently been described, and a receptor of uncertain function recognizing chemically modified LDL has also been identified. The activities of all the well-characterized lipoprotein receptors, as well of major catalytic factors in plasma that regulate cholesterol esterification and cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins, reflect the need to maintain plasma membrane free cholesterol level, and its direct and indirect effects within the membrane, within well-defined limits.
THE CONSERVATION OF GRASS IN SEALED METAL AND PLASTIC CONTAINERS, WITH AND WITHOUT GROUND BARLEY MEAL (1970)

ABSTRACT Two experiments are described in which ground harley meal was added to freshly‐cut grass hefore ensiling it in small air‐tight metal containers and polythene containers. The mean DM loss from the air‐tight metal containers was 1 % and from the polythene containers 18.8%. The silages were all of satisfactory fermentation quality, as assessed hy pH, voladle acids, lactic‐acid and Tolatile‐hase content. The addition of the harley meal significantly improved the nutritive content of the ensiled material, and the resulting silage in the air‐tight metal containers. Sheep were used to measure the voluntary intakes of the silages conserved in the polythene containers.
Nonlinear optical properties of CuxS and CuInS2 nanoparticles in sol–gel glasses (2000)

Silica glasses with ultrafine CuxS and CuInS2 particles (average radius of 5±3 nm) were fabricated by means of a sol–gel technique. Linear and differential absorption spectra were studied. The glasses reveal absorption peaks in the 600–700 nm range associated with the first excitonic resonance in the quantum confined particles. Laser excitation by 540 nm pulses leads to the induced absorption effect in the 480–980 nm spectral range. The relaxation of the induced absorption has a time constant equal to about 500 ps for CuS-doped glasses and a biexponential type (with τ1≈30 ps and τ2&amp;gt;1 ns) for CuInS2-doped ones.
A review of pervaporation for product recovery from biomass fermentation processes (2005)

Abstract Although several separation technologies are technically capable of removing volatile products from fermentation broths, distillation remains the dominant technology. This is especially true for the recovery of biofuels such as ethanol. In this paper, the status of an emerging membrane‐based technology, called pervaporation, for this application is reviewed. Several issues and research priorities which will impact the ability of pervaporation to be competitive for biofuel recovery from fermentation systems are identified and discussed. They include: increased energy efficiency; reduction of capital cost for pervaporation systems; longer term trials with actual fermentation broths; optimized integration of pervaporation with fermentor; synergy of performing both alcohol recovery and solvent dehydration by pervaporation with dephlegmation fractional condensation technology; and updated economic analyses of pervaporation at various biofuel production scales. Pervaporation is currently viable for biofuel recovery in a number of situations, but more widespread application will be possible when progress has been made on these issues. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Applications of long-period gratings to single and multi-parameter sensing (1999)

Photoinduced long-period gratings are shown as versatile sensors for temperature, axial strain and index of refraction measurements. The principle of operation of such devices is discussed and the application to simultaneous temperature and strain is demonstrated.
Rate-control or rhythm-control: where do we stand? (2005)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained rhythm disturbance and its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the progressive aging of the population. Current guidelines clearly depict the gold standard management of acute symptomatic atrial fibrillation but the best-long term approach for first or recurrent atrial fibrillation is still debated with regard to quality of life, risk of new hospitalizations, and possible disabling complications, such as thromboembolic stroke, major bleeds and death. Some authors propose that regaining sinus rhythm in all cases, thus re-establishing a physiologic cardiac function not requiring a prolonged antithrombotic therapy, avoids the threat of intracranial or extracranial haemorrhages due to Vitamin K antagonists or aspirin. On the contrary, advocates of a rate control approach with an accurate antithrombotic prophylaxis propose that such a strategy may avoid the risk of cardiovascular and non cardiovascular side effects related to antiarrhythmic drugs. This review aims to explore the state of our knowledge in order to summarize evidences and issues that need to be furthermore clarified.
Differential 3′ polyadenylation of the Huntington disease gene results in two mRNA species with variable tissue expression (1993)

Recently a novel gene containing a CAG trinucleotide repeat that is expanded on HD chromosomes has been identified(1). This gene was shown to detect a single transcript of 10-11 kb by RNA hybridization. We have however, previously identified three cDNAs which are part of the same gene that have been shown to detect two distinct transcripts of 10 kb and one that is significantly larger(2,3). These different mRNA species could be due to use of alternate transcription start sites, alternate splicing or selection of different polyadenylation sites. We have identified cDNA clones spanning the HD gene including two (HD12 and HD14) that share identical protein coding sequences but differ in size and sequence of their 3' untranslated region. HD14 has 3,360 base pairs of additional sequence distal to the previously published 3' end (1). RNA hybridization has revealed that the larger 13.7 kb fragment is the predominant transcript in human brain. cDNA fragments unique to HD14 detected only the larger transcript. Sequence analysis identified two different putative polyadenylation sequences at position 10,326 and 13,645 of the HD14 cDNA. These findings indicate that the two observed mRNA species originate from a single gene and that differential polyadenylation leads to transcripts of different size. The relative increased abundance of the larger transcript in human brain may provide some insights into the mechanism by which a widely expressed gene may exert tissue specific effects.
Selective Inhibition of Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) via Disruption of a Metal Binding Network by an Allosteric Small Molecule (2014)

Cancer-associated point mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) confer a neomorphic enzymatic activity: the reduction of α-ketoglutarate to d-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, which is proposed to act as an oncogenic metabolite by inducing hypermethylation of histones and DNA. Although selective inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 have been identified and are currently under investigation as potential cancer therapeutics, the mechanistic basis for their selectivity is not yet well understood. A high throughput screen for selective inhibitors of IDH1 bearing the oncogenic mutation R132H identified compound 1, a bis-imidazole phenol that inhibits d-2-hydroxyglutaric acid production in cells. We investigated the mode of inhibition of compound 1 and a previously published IDH1 mutant inhibitor with a different chemical scaffold. Steady-state kinetics and biophysical studies show that both of these compounds selectively inhibit mutant IDH1 by binding to an allosteric site and that inhibition is competitive with respect to Mg(2+). A crystal structure of compound 1 complexed with R132H IDH1 indicates that the inhibitor binds at the dimer interface and makes direct contact with a residue involved in binding of the catalytically essential divalent cation. These results show that targeting a divalent cation binding residue can enable selective inhibition of mutant IDH1 and suggest that differences in magnesium binding between wild-type and mutant enzymes may contribute to the inhibitors' selectivity for the mutant enzyme.
Wind energy resource atlas of Southeast Asia (2001)

The Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Southeast Asia covers four countries: Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. The purpose of the atlas is to facilitate the development of wind energy both for utility-scale generation and for village power and other off-grid applications. Potential users of the atlas include government officials, international lending agencies and development institutions, and private developers. The atlas was made possible by the development in the past three years of a sophisticated new wind mapping system called MesoMap. This system uses a dynamical mesoscale weather model to simulate historical wind and weather conditions for a representative sample of days from 1984 to 1998. The data inputs include terrain elevations, land cover, and vegetation greenness on a 1 km grid scale, as well as meteorological data such as gridded reanalysis weather data, rawinsonde data, and sea surface temperature measurements. The results of the simulations are presented as color-coded maps of mean wind speed and wind power density, both annual and seasonal, and tabulated frequency distributions and wind rose charts.
The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for human and bovine matrix Gla protein (1988)

Journal Article The cDNA and derived amino acid sequences for human and bovine matrix Gla protein Get access Michael C. Kiefer, Michael C. Kiefer Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Diane M. Bauer, Diane M. Bauer Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daru Young, Daru Young Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kathleen M. Hermsen, Kathleen M. Hermsen Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank R. Masiarz, Frank R. Masiarz Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip J. Barr Philip J. Barr Chiron Corporation4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 11, 10 June 1988, Page 5213, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.11.5213 Published: 10 June 1988 Article history Accepted: 12 January 1988 Published: 10 June 1988
Efficacy of Gene Therapy for X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (2010)

After nearly 10 years of follow-up, gene therapy was shown to have corrected the immunodeficiency associated with SCID-X1. Gene therapy may be an option for patients who do not have an HLA-identical donor for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and for whom the risks are deemed acceptable. This treatment is associated with a risk of acute leukemia. (Funded by INSERM and others.)
CsxWO3 Nanorods Coated with Polyelectrolyte Multilayers as a Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Bimodal Imaging‐Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Cancer Treatment (2016)

Cs<sub>x</sub> WO<sub>3</sub> nanorods coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers are developed as "four-in-one" multifunctional nanomaterials with significant potential for computed tomography/photoacoustic tomography bimodal imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic cancer treatment.
IFN-γ transgenic mice: clues to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus? (2000)

Transgenic mice overexpressing IFN-gamma in the epidermis develop an inflammatory skin disease resembling cutaneous lupus erythematosus shortly after birth. By 3 months of age, most female transgenics develop a lupus-like syndrome characterised by production of IgG anti-dsDNA, antihistone and antinucleosome autoantibodies. The autoantibodies are nephritogenic, with one-third of females developing a severe immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis. Analysis of these transgenics suggests that pathogenic autoantibodies arise via an antigen-driven T-cell-dependent mechanism with apoptotic keratinocytes acting as a potential source of autoantigen. The mechanism of autoantibody production in IFN-gamma transgenics may be relevant to human lupus and is consistent with a central role for cutaneous T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in man.
Novel Gastrin Receptors Mediate Mitogenic Effects of Gastrin and Processing Intermediates of Gastrin on Swiss 3T3 Fibroblasts (1995)

We have reported previously mitogenic effects of gastrin on several immortalized and neoplastic cell lines, including Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Receptor subtypes, cholecystokinin (CCK)-A and CCK-B, for a closely related peptide, cholecystokinin, were recently cloned. These studies were undertaken to investigate if CCK-A- and CCK-B receptors were perhaps mediating the mitogenic effects of gastrin on Swiss 3T3 cells. Receptor antagonists that inhibit the biological effects and binding of peptides to the CCK-A (L-364,718 (L18)) and CCK-B (L-365,260 (L60)) receptors were ineffective toward inhibiting the binding and proliferative effects of gastrin on Swiss 3T3 cells. Radiolabeled L18 and L60 demonstrated no binding to the cells, indicating that CCK-A and CCK-B receptors may be absent on Swiss 3T3 cells. Radiolabeled CCK-8, gastrin, L18, and L60, on the other hand, demonstrated specific binding to a pancreatic cancer cell line (AR42J cells) (used as a positive control). In cross-linking studies the molecular mass of the major band of gastrin receptors (GR) on Swiss 3T3 cells was determined to be approximately 45 kDa. The mitogenic potency of 0.1-1.0 nM gastrin-like peptides on Swiss 3T3 cells was in the order of G1-17 > or = G1-17-Gly > G5-17 > or = G5-17-Gly > G2-17 > CCK-8-Gly > or = G1-17-Lys > or = CCK-8. The relative binding affinity of the peptides (based on the dose-dependent inhibition of binding of 125I-G1-17 to Swiss 3T3 cells) was similar to the relative mitogenic potency of the peptides as given above. Furthermore, G1-17-Gly was equally effective as G1-17 in displacing the binding of 125I-G1-17 to the 45-kDa GR from the Swiss 3T3 cells. Based on these studies it became evident that the novel gastrin preferring GR, expressed by Swiss 3T3 cells, binds and mediates the mitogenic effects of not only the mature (amidated) forms of gastrin-like peptides but also binds and mediates the mitogenic effects of glycine-extended forms of gastrin-like peptides. Possible mRNA expression of CCK-A and CCK-B receptor subtypes by gastrin-responsive rodent intestinal and fibroblast cell lines (Swiss 3T3, IEC-6, CA) was measured by the methods of Northern blot analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. mRNA from rat pancreas, AR42J cells, and rat antrum served as positive controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Plant Transformation: <i>Agrobacterium</I>-Mediated Gene Transfer (2004)

Plant transformation is the process by which DNA is introduced into plant cells or tissues. The DNA can come from virtually any source. Gene transfer methodology has become part of an essential technology to manipulate plants for both scientific and commercial purposes. Transgenic plants, the products of this methodology, are useful for dissecting the mechanism(s) of plant gene regulation. This technology is also useful for identifying and evaluating agriculturally useful traits (genes) as well as for their introduction into commercially valuable crops. One of the most efficient methods for gene transfer employs Agrobacterium tumefaciens and takes advantage of the naturally evolved crown gall-inducing mechanisms of DNA transfer present in this common soil pathogen. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of this form of DNA movement and subsequent crown gall induction. This information has been applied to develop methods that result in the formation of gall-free, genetically transformed plants. This chapter describes a detailed protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco cells and their subsequent selection and regeneration into transgenic plants.
Computerized image analysis of nuclear shape as a prognostic factor for prostatic cancer (1982)

Computer assisted image analysis was used to determine quantitative and reproducible nuclear morphology of 17 totally excised pathological specimens from stage B-2 prostatic cancer in an attempt to correlate histopathological analysis with clinical prognosis for the individual patient. We describe a nuclear roundness factor that correlates with the clinical outcome of the individual patient. This nuclear shape factor appears to identify prostatic tumors with a high metastatic potential from tumors that are less aggressive. Quantitative nuclear image analysis, its accuracy, and reproducibility are described and discussed. This technique may provide the pathologist with a valuable tool for analyzing prostatic cancer cells in a quantitative manner, thereby contributing precise information to the urologist relevant to the prognosis of the individual patient.
Memory formation requires p38MAPK activity in the rat hippocampus (2003)

Using the specific inhibitor of p38MAPK, SB203580, we show a direct involvement of this protein kinase in short- and long-term memory. When given into the CA1 region of the rat dorsal hippocampus immediately, but not 30 or 120 min after training in a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task, SB203580 blocked short- and long-term memory formation. The SB203580 inactive analog, SB202474, had no effect whatsoever. Learning of the avoidance task was accompanied by an immediate and transient increase in hippocampal p38MAPK phosphorylation. No change in p38MAPK phosphorylation was detected in control animals that only received the electric foot-shock associated with the learning paradigm. Therefore, formation of short and long-term memory for inhibitory avoidance requires p38MAPK activation in the rat hippocampus.
Mutational Mapping of Functional Residues in Tissue Factor: Identification of Factor VII Recognition Determinants in Both Structural Modules of the Predicted Cytokine Receptor Homology Domain (1994)

Alanine scanning mutagenesis of tissue factor, the initiating receptor and cofactor molecule for the coagulation pathways, was used to define residue side chains with functional contributions. Approximately half of the residues were exchanged, and several stretches of functional residues throughout the entire extracellular domain were identified which contributed to overall coagulant function. Mutants were further characterized with respect to their affinity for binding of ligand, providing evidence that identified functional sequence spans are involved in ligand interaction. The tissue factor extracellular domain is suggested to adopt the folding pattern of the cytokine receptor homology unit, which is typically composed of two seven-beta-strand modules. Evaluation of the mutational analysis within this structural context suggests that functionally important residues are spatially proximate and clustered at the boundary of the predicted beta-strand modules. Residues contributing to ligand binding by tissue factor were identified in positions corresponding to ligand interactive residues in the growth hormone receptor and contact residues of other cytokine receptors, consistent with a conserved structural region for ligand interaction throughout the cytokine receptor family.