gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell death-inducing activity of opiates in human oral tumor cell lines. (2002)

In screening cytotoxic agents in morphine alkaloids [TE1-10], codeinone [TE8] was cytotoxic against two human oral tumor cells lines (HSC-2 and HSG). The cytotoxic activity of codeinone (CC50=1.0-1.2 microg/mL) against HSC-2 or HSG cells was higher than that of doxorubicin (CC50=1.9-2.0 microg/mL). Human oral gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were relatively resistant to codeinone, as judged by higher SI ratio (3.7) suggesting the tumor-selective cytotoxicity of codeinone. The cytotoxic activity of morphine (CC50=221 microg/mL) against HSC-2 was slightly lower than that of codeine (CC50=186 microg/mL), thebaine (CC50=125 microg/mL), etorphine (CC50=94 microg/mL) or dihydroetorphine (CC50=60 microg/mL). A study of structurally-related compounds suggested that the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone group of codeinone was responsible for its antitumor cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of codeinone was significantly reduced by N-acetylcysteine, but not affected by FeCl3, CuCl2, CoCl2, sodium ascorbate or catalase. Neither codeinone nor morphine inhibited P-glycoprotein-mediated rhodamine-123 efflux in multidrug resistant mouse T lymphoma L5178 transfected with human MDR 1 gene. These data suggest that codeinone induces cytotoxicity in oral tumor cell lines, possibly by a Michael-like addition of a protein SH or of an amino group to the bouble bond of codeinone.
Erythroid Progenitors Circulating in the Blood of Adult Individuals Produce Fetal Hemoglobin in Culture (1978)

Erythroid colonies, raised from erythroid stem cells circulating in the peripheral blood of normal adult individuals, synthesize considerable amounts of fetal hemoglobin. In cultures from persons with sickling disorders, amounts of hemoglobin F that are known to inhibit sickling in vivo are produced. The results provide evidence that primitive erythroid progenitors are able to express the hemoglobin F production program and that cultures of mononuclear cells of the adult blood can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in regulation of gamma-globin gene switching.
β‐Carbolines as agonistic or antagonistic benzodiazepine receptor ligands.1. Synthesis of some 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐amino derivatives of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐β‐carboline (β‐CCM) and of 3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐carboline (β‐CCE) (1988)

Abstract Condensation of diethyl formylamino‐ or diethyl acetylaminomalonate with 4‐, 5‐ or 6‐nitrogramine 1 afforded the diethyl formylamino‐ or the diethyl acetylamino[(nitroindol)‐3‐ylmethyl]malonates 2 ; reduction of the nitro group followed by N ‐formylation or acetylation of the resulting amino compounds 3 , led to the 4‐, 5‐and 6‐acylamino derivatives 4 . Cyclization of 4 in the presence of polyphosphoric esters gave the 3,3‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐β‐carbolines 5 , which underwent lithium chloride/water catalyzed monodeethoxycarbonylation to the corresponding 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐acylamino‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐carbolines 6 , whose acidic hydrolysis led finally to the 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐amino‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐carbolines 9 . The 6‐amino compounds 9b‐e were obtained also by direct nitration of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐β‐carboline 7a and of 3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐carboline 7c , followed by the nitro group reduction of the resulting nitro carbolines 8 . Preliminary studies of the binding to rabbit brain benzodiazepine receptor sites indicate compounds 9b and 9c to inhibit the 3 H‐diazepam binding at 10 −8 M concentrations.
MicroRNA-214 protects the mouse heart from ischemic injury by controlling Ca2+ overload and cell death (2012)

Early reperfusion of ischemic cardiac tissue remains the most effective intervention for improving clinical outcome following myocardial infarction. However, abnormal increases in intracellular Ca²⁺ during myocardial reperfusion can cause cardiomyocyte death and consequent loss of cardiac function, referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Therapeutic modulation of Ca²⁺ handling provides some cardioprotection against the paradoxical effects of restoring blood flow to the heart, highlighting the significance of Ca²⁺ overload to IR injury. Cardiac IR is also accompanied by dynamic changes in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs); for example, miR-214 is upregulated during ischemic injury and heart failure, but its potential role in these processes is unknown. Here, we show that genetic deletion of miR-214 in mice causes loss of cardiac contractility, increased apoptosis, and excessive fibrosis in response to IR injury. The cardioprotective roles of miR-214 during IR injury were attributed to repression of the mRNA encoding sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (Ncx1), a key regulator of Ca²⁺ influx; and to repression of several downstream effectors of Ca²⁺ signaling that mediate cell death. These findings reveal a pivotal role for miR-214 as a regulator of cardiomyocyte Ca²⁺ homeostasis and survival during cardiac injury.
IV Ferric Carboxymaltose Vs Oral Iron in the Treatment of Post-partum Iron Deficiency Anaemia (2016)

FCM showed robust evidence of efficacy, tolerability and safety in comparison to oral iron. Collectively, these data support the clinical utility of FCM in treating Post-partum IDA patients.
A Critical Role for Hemolysins and Bacterial Lipoproteins in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome (2009)

The mechanism by which bacterial pathogens activate caspase-1 via Nlrp3 remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that the ability of Staphylococcus aureus, a leading cause of infection in humans, to activate caspase-1 and induce IL-1beta secretion resides in culture supernatants of growing bacteria. Caspase-1 activation induced by S. aureus required alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hemolysins and the host Nlrp3 inflammasome. Mechanistically, alpha- and beta-hemolysins alone did not trigger caspase-1 activation, but they did so in the presence of bacterial lipoproteins released by S. aureus. Notably, caspase-1 activation induced by S. aureus supernatant was independent of the P2X7 receptor and the essential TLR adaptors MyD88 and TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-beta, but was inhibited by extracellular K(+). These results indicate that S. aureus hemolysins circumvent the requirement of ATP and the P2X7 receptor to induce caspase-1 activation via Nlrp3. Furthermore, these studies revealed that hemolysins promote in the presence of lipoproteins the activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome.
Selective oestrogen receptor modulators: a new paradigm for HRT (1998)

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators are a range of compounds which mimic some, but not all, agonist actions of oestrogen in different tissues. They were developed with the aim of maximizing the benefits of oestrogen-like drugs in a number of important conditions whilst reducing adverse side-effects. The molecular biology of oestrogen receptor signalling is discussed in relation to the pharmacological effects of this class of drugs. The results of clinical trial data with one member of this group (raloxifene) are documented and future developments outlined.
Alphanumeric character recognition using a connectionist model with the pocket algorithm (1989)

Summary form only given. New results are presented which were obtained by applying a connectionist model with the pocket algorithm proposed by Gallant to problems in alphanumeric character recognition. An evaluation is made of the recognition (classification) capability of the connectionist model for 62 and 93 alphanumeric characters of a single font having different kinds of typeface quality and 76 alphanumeric characters of multiple fonts having the same typeface quality. A useful technique is proposed to distinguish between characters that closely resemble each other by using the structure information of characters. An activation criterion of output cells for character recognition is also proposed. In the recognition of characters having different typeface qualities, a markedly high degree of accuracy (99.96% maximum, 99.74% on average) of the individual fonts was attained. In the recognition of the 76 alphanumeric characters having multiple fonts, the degree of accuracy achieved was 99.64% maximum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Postexposure Immunization with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara or Conventional Lister Vaccine Provides Solid Protection in a Murine Model of Human Smallpox (2008)

ECTV infection in mice models the course of human smallpox. Our data provide evidence to substantiate historical data on the usefulness of postexposure vaccination with conventional VACV and the new candidate MVA to protect against fatal orthopoxvirus infections.
Transcriptionally active regions in the genome of the archaebacterium Haloferax volcanii (1992)

Transcriptionally active regions of the Haloferax volcanii genome were mapped by hybridization of radiolabeled cDNA to Southern blots of our minimal set of overlapping cosmid clones covering 96% of the 4.1-Mbp genome. Transcription during exponential growth occurred in nearly every region of the 2,920-kbp chromosome. Large parts of the 690- and the 86-kbp plasmids were transcribed, but the 440-kbp plasmid showed little expression. Transcription after a 40-min heat shock at 65 degrees C was generally reduced, apart from a small set of strongly expressed loci all situated on the chromosome.
Metabolic flux analysis of hybridoma cells in different culture media using mass balances (1996)

The estimation of the intracellular fluxes of mammalian cells using only the mass balances of the relevant metabolites is not possible because the set of linear equations defined by these mass balances is underdetermined. Either additional experimental flux data or additional theoretical constraints are required to find one unique flux distribution out of the solution space that is bound by the mass balances. Here, a method is developed using the latter approach. The uptake and production rates of amino acids, glucose, lactate, O(2), CO(2), NH(4), MAB, and the intracellular amino acid pools have been determined for two different steady-states. The cellular composition {total protein and protein composition, total lipids and fatty acid distribution, total carbohydrates, DNA and RNA} has been measured to calculate the requirements for biosynthesis. It is shown to be essential to determine the uptake/production rates of ammonia and either carbon dioxide or oxygen. In mammalian cells these are cometabolites of cyclic metabolic pathways. The flux distribution that is found using the Euclidean minimum norm as the additional theoretical constraint and taking either the CO(2) or the NAD(P)H mass balance into account is shown to be in agreement with the measured O(2) and CO(2) metabolic rates.The metabolic fluxes in hybridoma cells in continuous culture at a specific growth rate of 0.83 day(-1) are estimated for a medium with (optimal medium) and without (suboptimal medium) Primatone RL, an enzymatic hydrolysate of animal tissue that causes a more than twofold increase in cell density. It is concluded that (i)The majority of the consumed glucose (>90%) is channeled through the pentose-phosphate pathway in rapidly proliferating cells.(ii)Pyruvate oxidation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity are relatively low, i.e., 8% of the glucose uptake in suboptimal and 14% in optimal medium, respectively. Under both conditions, only a small fraction of pyruvate is further oxidized to CO(2).(iii)The flux from glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate (catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase) is almost zero in medium with and even slightly reversed in medium without Primatone RL. Almost all glutamate enters the TCA cycle due to the action of transaminases.(iv)Transhydrogenation plays a significant role in hybridoma cells under our experimental conditions. NADPH is produced at relatively high rates (11 x 10(-12) to 13 x 10(-12) mol . cell(-1) . day(-1)) compared to other fluxes in both culture media.
A biomedical implantable FES battery-powered micro-stimulator (2008)

The IC designs of an implantable functional electrical stimulation (FES) battery-powered micro-stimulator are presented in this paper. The battery is recharged by receiving power magnetically through a coil under supervision of a power management unit. To limit the heat generation on the stimulator when a large magnetic field is present, an on-chip rectifier is capable of reducing the Q factor of the coil using a time-varying method. The same coil is also used for generating and receiving magnetic fields such that the distances among 16 different stimulator pairs can be estimated simultaneously. The stimulation current is produced from an 8-bit exponential DAC that has a range between ~2.5 muA and ~10 mA. The stimulator communicates with an external master control unit through a 400 MHz wireless link that can support a bit rate of ~2.5 MB/s in high speed mode. The total number of stimulators that the communication system can support is 852.
Mutual interference in OFDM-based spectrum pooling systems (2005)

The public mobile radio spectrum has become a scarce resource while wide spectral ranges are only rarely used. Here, the new strategy called spectrum pooling is considered. It aims at enabling public access to these spectral ranges without sacrificing the transmission quality of the actual license owners. Unfortunately, using OFDM modulation in a spectrum pooling system has some drawbacks. There is an interaction between the licensed system and the OFDM based rental system due to the non-orthogonality of their respective transmit signals. This interaction is described mathematically, providing a quantitative evaluation of the mutual interference that leads to an SNR loss in both systems. However, this interference can be mitigated by windowing the OFDM signal in the time domain or by the adaptive deactivation of adjacent subcarriers providing flexible guard bands between licensed and rental system. It is obvious that both approaches sacrifice bandwidth of the rental system. A quantitative comparison of both approaches is given as a tradeoff between interference reduction and throughput in the rental system.
Bayesian Multitask Classification With Gaussian Process Priors (2011)

We present a novel approach to multitask learning in classification problems based on Gaussian process (GP) classification. The method extends previous work on multitask GP regression, constraining the overall covariance (across tasks and data points) to factorize as a Kronecker product. Fully Bayesian inference is possible but time consuming using sampling techniques. We propose approximations based on the popular variational Bayes and expectation propagation frameworks, showing that they both achieve excellent accuracy when compared to Gibbs sampling, in a fraction of time. We present results on a toy dataset and two real datasets, showing improved performance against the baseline results obtained by learning each task independently. We also compare with a recently proposed state-of-the-art approach based on support vector machines, obtaining comparable or better results.
Protein kinase A as a biological target in cancer therapy (2008)

PKA is an increasingly relevant biological target in the therapy and management of cancer.
Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthesis: absence of ornithine decarboxylase and the mechanism of arginine decarboxylase activity (2001)

Unlike other eukaryotes, which can synthesize polyamines only from ornithine, plants possess an additional pathway from arginine. Occasionally non-enzymatic decarboxylation of ornithine could be detected in Arabidopsis extracts; however, we could not detect ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4. 1.1.17) enzymatic activity or any activity inhibitory to the ODC assay. There are no intact or degraded ODC sequences in the Arabidopsis genome and no ODC expressed sequence tags. Arabidopsis is therefore the only plant and one of only two eukaryotic organisms (the other being the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi) that have been demonstrated to lack ODC activity. As ODC is a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, Arabidopsis is reliant on the additional arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.9) pathway, found only in plants and some bacteria, to synthesize putrescine. By using site-directed mutants of the Arabidopsis ADC1 and heterologous expression in yeast, we show that ADC, like ODC, is a head-to-tail homodimer with two active sites acting in trans across the interface of the dimer. Amino acids K136 and C524 of Arabidopsis ADC1 are essential for activity and participate in separate active sites. Maximal activity of Arabidopsis ADC1 in yeast requires the presence of general protease genes, and it is likely that dimer formation precedes proteolytic processing of the ADC pre-protein monomer.
Shape‐memory behavior of thermally stimulated polyurethane for medical applications (2006)

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been of great interest because of their ability to be thermally actuated to recover a predetermined shape. Medical applications in clot extracting devices and stents are especially promising. We investigated the thermomechanical properties of a series of Mitsubishi SMPs for potential application as medical devices. Glass transition temperatures and moduli were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Tensile tests were performed with 20 and 100% maximum strains, at 37 and 80°C, which are respectively, body temperature and actuation temperature. Glass transitions are in a favorable range for use in the body (35–75°C), with high glassy and rubbery shear moduli in the range of 800 and 2 MPa respectively. Constrained stress–strain recovery cycles showed very low hysteresis after three cycles, which is important to know for preconditioning of the material to ensure identical properties during applications. Isothermal free recovery tests showed shape recoveries above 94% for MP5510 thermoset SMP cured at different temperatures. One material exhibited a shape fixity of 99% and a shape recovery of 85% at 80°C over one thermomechanical cycle. These polyurethanes appear particularly well suited for medical applications in deployment devices such as stents or clot extractors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3882–3892, 2007
Localisation of the cell wall-associated phosphodiesterase PhoD ofBacillus subtilis (1999)

The localisation of phosphate-starvation-induced phosphodiesterase PhoD from Bacillus subtilis was studied by analysing processing, release and immunogold labelling of the sections. Although the processing of the pre-protein was extremely slow, the major fraction of PhoD could be detected at the surface of the cell wall. The results indicate that inefficient processing of the translocated pre-protein keeps PhoD in a cell wall-associated location. The uncleaved signal peptide might function as a membrane anchor.
A Rat Pancreas-Small Gut Preparation for the Study of Intestinal Factor(s) and Insulin Release (1969)

A technic for in situ perfusion of rat pancreas alone or with a small intestine preparation, which is suitable for studying insulin and/or glucagon secretion and the role intestinal factor(s) has upon it, is described. Krebs- Ringer bicarbonate buffer, containing 4.0 per cent bovine albumin and 80 mg. per 100 ml. glucose with pH adjusted to 7.4, was used as perfusate. When the pancreas was perfused with a nonrecirculated buffer there was no significant change in the levels of glucose or insulin in the perfusate, while with recirculated buffer, there was a decrease in both measurements. When additional glucose was added to the perfusate, there was an increase of insulin levels, more marked in the pancreas perfusion with recirculated buffer (possibly pancreatic glucagon plus glucose effect) than in nonrecirculated ones (glucose effect). In pancreas-intestine perfusion with recirculated buffer, there was a decrease of the levels of insulin and glucose, and when additional glucose was added to the perfusate, there was an increase of the levels of insulin and glucose (possibly pancreatic glucagon and glucose effect). When glucose was passed through the intestine, there was a marked increase of the levels of insulin which was significantly higher than the previous group studied, probably due to the effects of glucose, pancreatic glucagon and intestinal factors. It may be possible by the results obtained to separate the effects of the three factors on the release of insulin: glucose, glucagon and intestinal factor(s).
Epidemic Hepatitis E In Pakistan: Patterns Of Serologic Response And Evidence That Antibody To Hepatitis E Virus Protects Against Disease (1994)

IgM and IgG anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) patterns were determined in sera collected during a hepatitis outbreak in Pakistan. HEV infection was detected serologically in 122 patients. IgM anti-HEV was detected in specimens collected up to 2 weeks before and 5-7 weeks after hospitalization in 91% and 100%, respectively, of 122 HEV-infected patients. IgG followed a similar pattern. Peak antibody titers appeared 2-4 weeks after hospitalization. At 20 months after hospitalization, IgM anti-HEV was not detected in any of 33 patients; IgG was found in all. IgG anti-HEV appeared to be protective in contracts of patients. This study confirms HEV as the cause of the outbreak, quantifies IgM and IgG anti-HEV responses, provides evidence that IgG anti-HEV protects against hepatitis E, and demonstrates that IgG anti-HEV persists, but at diminished titer, after infection. Hepatitis E in young adults is the result of primary infection with HEV and, if reinfection occurs, it does not commonly cause serious illness.
Hysteroscopic treatment of severe Asherman's syndrome and subsequent fertility (1999)

In a retrospective case report series, we evaluated the efficacy of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients with severe Asherman's syndrome. In 31 patients with permanent severe adhesions, hysteroscopic treatment was performed. In all patients, uterine cavity with at least one free ostial area was restored after one (n = 16), two (n = 7), three (n = 7), and four (n = 1) surgical procedures. All previously amenorrhoeic patients (n = 16) had resumption of menses. Twenty-eight patients were followed-up with a mean time of 31 months (range 2-84). Fifteen pregnancies were obtained in 12 patients and the outcomes were the following: two first trimester missed abortions, three second trimester fetal losses, one second trimester termination of pregnancy for multiple fetal abnormalities and nine live births in nine different patients. Pregnancy rate after treatment was 12/28 (42.8%) and live birth rate was 9/28 (32.1%). In patients </=35 years, 10 out of 16 conceived (62.5%) versus two out of 12 (16.6%) in patients >35 years (P = 0. 01). Three patients were lost to follow-up and their results omitted. In nine patients with live births, one Caesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta and one hypogastric arteries ligation for severe haemorrhage and placenta accreta were performed. Hysteroscopic treatment of severe Asherman's syndrome appeared to be effective for the reconstruction of a functional uterine cavity with a 42.8% pregnancy rate. However, these pregnancies were at risk for haemorrhage with abnormal placentation.