gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-Based Biosensors for in Vivo Measurements (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-Based Biosensors for in Vivo MeasurementsGeorge S. Wilson and Yibai HuView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Center for Neurobiology and Immunology Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 7, 2693–2704Publication Date (Web):June 3, 2000Publication History Received4 August 1999Published online3 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990003yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990003yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4436Altmetric-Citations348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Electrodes,Oxygen,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Direct observation of reaction intermediates for a well defined heterogeneous alkene metathesis catalyst (2008)

Grafting of [W([triple bond]NAr)(=CHtBu)(2,5-Me(2)NC(4)H(2))(2)] on a silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 degrees C (SiO(2- (700))) generates the corresponding monosiloxy complex [([triple bond]SiO)W([triple bond]NAr)(=CHtBu)(2,5-Me(2)NC(4)H(2))] as the major species (approximately 90%) along with [([triple bond]SiO)W([triple bond]NAr)(CH(2)tBu)(2,5-Me(2)NC(4)H(2))(2)], according to mass balance analysis, IR, and NMR studies. This heterogeneous catalyst displays good activity and stability in the metathesis of propene. Very importantly, solid state NMR spectroscopy allows observation of the propagating alkylidene as well as stable metallacyclobutane intermediates. These species have the same reactivity as the initial surface complex [([triple bond]SiO)W([triple bond]NAr)(=CHtBu)(2,5-Me(2)NC(4)H(2))], which shows that they are the key intermediates of alkene metathesis.
Expression of a Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene Specific to Mouse Spermatogenic Cells1 (1992)

A cDNA clone encoding a putative glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD-S) protein specific to spermatogenic cells was isolated from a mouse spermatogenic cell expression library. The Gapd-s cDNA contained 1451 bp of transcribed sequence, including an ATG initiation codon and a poly(A) addition signal. The location of the Gapd-s initiation codon differed from that of other Gapd sequences, resulting in a germ cell GAPD-S protein predicted to contain 105 additional residues at the amino terminus. While GAPD is constitutively expressed in somatic tissues, Northern blot analysis demonstrated that a Gapd-s probe hybridized to a 1.5-kb transcript present only in the testis. The Gapd-s mRNA was first detected during postnatal development in the testes of 20-day-old mice, suggesting that gene expression begins shortly after the appearance of haploid round spermatids. Northern analysis of RNA from isolated mouse pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids confirmed that Gapd-s expression is confined to post-meiotic germ cells. GAPD has been previously proposed to be the key enzyme regulating glycolysis in isolated round spermatids. We hypothesize that the GAPD-S enzyme plays an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon.
Highly Efficient, One-Step Macrocyclizations Assisted by the Folding and Preorganization of Precursor Oligomers (2004)

Highly efficient, one-step macrocyclizations leading to the formation of macrocyclic hexa(aramides) in high yields (69-82%) are described. The one-step macrocyclizations were facilitated by the preorganization or folding of the backbones of uncyclized precursors in the course of macrocyclization. The preorganization of backbones was achieved by the presence of localized three-centered hydrogen bonds that were adopted in the design of a class of closely related, backbone-rigidified foldamers. The macrocyclization involved reactions between diacid chloride 1 and diamine 2. The crude reaction mixtures and products were conveniently examined by mass spectrometric method (MALDI-TOF). Compared to most traditional one-step macrocyclizations that usually require high dilution conditions and often lead to very low overall yields of the desired products, cyclic hexamers 3 were obtained as the overwhelmingly major product under a variety of reaction conditions, suggesting the generality of this approach.
Nitrogen Use within the Growing Leaf Blade of Tall Fescue (1994)

Leaf elongation rate (LER) of grasses depends on N supply and is expressed mostly through cell production, whereas most N in mature leaf tissues is chloroplastic. Our objective was to evaluate a possible competition for N between cell production and chloroplast development processes, utilizing the gradient of cell development along the leaf growth zone of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Under the two contrasting N regimes, total N content was highest in the cell production zone, declined sharply as cells elongated, and remained relatively constant in more distal positions, at values close to those measured in mature tissues. A similar pattern was found for N in proteins and nucleic acids that were not soluble in 80% ethanol. Content of N compounds soluble in 80% ethanol was higher in the cell production and elongation zones than in mature parts of the leaf. NO3- N content was low in the cell production zone and increased in the cell elongation zone for high-N plants. The deposition rate of total N in the growth zone was much higher with plants in high N than in those shifted to no N. For both N regimes, most N was deposited during cell production and early cell elongation. Little N was deposited during cell maturation where ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was being actively synthesized. This suggests that synthesis of Rubisco, and probably other chloroplastic proteins, occurs largely from recycling of N that was previously incorporated into proteins during cell production. Thus, Rubisco content in mature tissues is more closely associated with N deposited during cell production than with N deposited during its biosynthesis.
Electrochemical Glucose and Lactate Sensors Based on “Wired” Thermostable Soybean Peroxidase Operating Continuously and Stably at 37 °C (1997)

Following a recent report from our laboratory on a thermostable amperometric H2O2 sensor based on "wiring" soybean peroxidase, glucose and lactate sensors maintaining stable output under continuous operation at 37 degrees C for 12 and 8 days, respectively, were built. The vitreous carbon base of the sensor was coated with four polymer layers. The first was made by cross-linking thermostable soybean peroxidase and the redox polymer formed through complexing part of the rings of poly-(vinylpyridine) with [Os(bpy)2Cl]+/2+ (bpy = bipyridine) and quaternizing part of the rings with bromoethylamine. The second was an insulating and H2O2 transport controlling cellulose acetate layer. The third was an immobilized glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase layer. The fourth was a substrate transport controlling cellulose acetate layer In the case of the glucose sensor, the current output was independent of potential between -0.2 and +0.3 V (vs SCE), and the response time (t10/90) was < 2 min when the concentration was raised from 0 to 5 mM glucose. The current was independent of the O2 partial pressure above 15 Torr. The sensor was relatively insensitive to motion and to interferants. Changing the rotation speed of the electrode from 50 to 2500 rpm increased the current by < 10%. At a glucose concentration of 4 mM, the addition of 0.1 mM ascorbate decreased the current by < 1%. The operational stability was glucose oxidase loading dependent. Though the current decreased by 85% after 100 h of operation at 37 degrees C when the 3-mm-diameter electrode was loaded with only 1.3 micrograms of glucose oxidase, it decreased by < 1% after such operation when loaded with 52 micrograms of the enzyme. Similar results were obtained for the lactate sensor, with the exception of a more noticeable oxygen concentration dependence of the lactate response at low oxygen concentrations.
A peptide of Chlamydia trachomatis shown to be a primary T-cell epitope in vitro induces cell-mediated immunity in vivo. (1995)

Chlamydiae are a major cause of infertility and preventable blindness and there is currently no effective vaccine in humans or rodents against these organisms. We have previously shown that a peptide of 12 amino acids (termed TINKP) from a conserved region of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a primary T-cell epitope in humans. Here we showed that when dendritic cells (DC) from C3H or BALB/c mice were pulsed in vitro with the peptide they stimulated proliferation of syngeneic T cells in vitro indicating that the peptide is also a primary T-cell epitope in mice. Since the skin is a rich source of DC, we immunized mice from each strain with an intradermal injection of the peptide. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to peptide, MOMP or whole elementary bodies (EB) of C. trachomatis (F/NI1/GU) were assessed. No antibody response to TINKP was observed. However, immunized mice showed recall responses to all three chlamydial antigens. T-cell-mediated immunity in the absence of antibody was induced by a single injection of the peptide intradermally. C. trachomatis isolated from the human genital tract causes salpingitis in mice. Preliminary studies in susceptible C3H mice indicated that intradermal injection of peptide conferred some protection against the development of salpingitis. Thus, a primary T-cell epitope identified by in vitro stimulation using DC can also initiate cell-mediated immunity in vivo and this approach may be useful in the development of vaccines.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Titanium Oxides Anchored within Micropores of Zeolites:  Effects of the Structure of the Active Sites and the Addition of Pt (1997)

Titanium oxide species anchored within the Y-zeolite cavities by an ion-exchange method exhibit a high and unique photocatalytic reactivity for the reduction of CO2 with H2O at 328 K with a high selectivity for the formation of CH3OH in the gas phase. The in situ photoluminescence, ESR, diffuse reflectance absorption, and XAFS (XANES and FT-EXAFS) investigations indicate that the titanium oxide species are highly dispersed within the zeolite cavities and exist in a tetrahedral coordination. The charge transfer excited state of the anchored titanium oxide species plays a significant role in the reduction of CO2 with H2O with a high selectivity for the formation of CH3OH, while the catalysts involving the aggregated octahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species show a high selectivity to produce CH4, being similar to reactions on the powdered TiO2 catalysts. The addition of Pt to the anchored titanium oxide catalysts promotes the charge separation which leads to an increase in the CH4 yields in place of CH3OH formation.
High-Yield Synthesis of Novel Imidazoles and Triazoles from Alcohols and Phenols (2000)

A variety of alcohols and phenols are converted into their corresponding imidazoles and triazoles in high yields by a facile reaction with N,N 1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) or N,N 1-carbonylditriazole (CDT) in acetonitrile. The reactions of allylic alcohols, enols and phenols with CDI or CDT are unprecedented. Evidence is provided which suggests that the reaction with alcohols proceeds via the corresponding carbamates by an SNi mechanism.
Human Antibody Responses to Mature and Immature Forms of Viral Envelope in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Significance for Subunit Vaccines (1999)

A number of antibodies generated during human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been cloned by the phage library approach. Antibodies reactive with an immunodominant epitope on the F glycoprotein of this virus have a high affinity for affinity-purified F antigen. These antibodies, however, have a much lower affinity for mature F glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells and are nonneutralizing. In contrast, a potent neutralizing antibody has a high affinity for mature F protein but a much lower affinity for purified F protein or F protein in viral lysates. The data indicate that at least two F protein immunogens are produced during natural RSV infection: immature F, found in viral lysates, and mature F, found on infected cells or virions. Binding studies with polyclonal human immunoglobulin G suggest that the antibody responses to the two immunogens are of similar magnitudes. Competitive binding studies suggest that overlap between the responses is relatively limited. A mature envelope with an antigenic configuration different from that of the immature envelope has an evolutionary advantage in that the infecting virus is less subject to neutralization by the humoral response to the immature envelope that inevitably arises following lysis of infected cells. Subunit vaccines may be at a disadvantage because they most often resemble immature envelope molecules and ignore this aspect of viral evasion.
Novel Injectable Bioartificial Tissue Facilitates Targeted, Less Invasive, Large-Scale Tissue Restoration on the Beating Heart After Myocardial Injury (2005)

Injectable bioartificial tissue restores the heart's geometry and function in a targeted and nondistorting fashion. This new method paves the way for novel interventional approaches to myocardial repair, using both stem cells and matrices.
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Synergize With Costimulation Blockade in the Inhibition of Immune Responses and the Induction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells (2014)

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy and costimulation blockade are two immunomodulatory strategies being developed concomitantly for the treatment of immunological diseases. Both of these strategies have the capacity to inhibit immune responses and induce regulatory T cells; however, their ability to synergize remains largely unexplored. In order to study this, MSCs from C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were infused together with fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched Balb/c (H2d) allogeneic islets into the portal vein of diabetic C57BL/6 (H2b) mice, which were subsequently treated with costimulation blockade for the first 10 days after transplantation. Mice receiving both recipient-type MSCs, CTLA4Ig, and anti-CD40L demonstrated indefinite graft acceptance, just as did most of the recipients receiving MSCs and CTLA4Ig. Recipients of MSCs only rejected their grafts, and fewer than one half of the recipients treated with costimulation blockade alone achieved permanent engraftment. The livers of the recipients treated with MSCs plus costimulation blockade contained large numbers of islets surrounded by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. These recipients showed reduced antidonor IgG levels and a glucose tolerance similar to that of naïve nondiabetic mice. Intrahepatic lymphocytes and splenocytes from these recipients displayed reduced proliferation and interferon-γ production when re-exposed to donor antigen. MSCs in the presence of costimulation blockade prevented dendritic cell maturation, inhibited T cell proliferation, increased Foxp3+ regulatory T cell numbers, and increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity. These results indicate that MSC infusion and costimulation blockade have complementary immune-modulating effects that can be used for a broad number of applications in transplantation, autoimmunity, and regenerative medicine.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (2000)

Cardiac transplantation has emerged as a valuable therapy for various end-stage cardiac disorders. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), an unusually accelerated and diffuse form of obliterative coronary arteriosclerosis, determines long-term function of the transplanted heart. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a complicated interplay between immunologic and nonimmunologic factors resulting in repetitive vascular injury and a localized sustained inflammatory response. Dyslipidemia, oxidant stress, immunosuppressive drugs, and viral infection appear to be important contributors to disease development. Endothelial dysfunction is an early feature of CAV and progresses over time after transplantation. Early identification of CAV is essential if long-term prognosis is to be improved. Annual coronary angiography is performed for diagnostic and surveillance purposes. Intravascular ultrasound is a more sensitive diagnostic tool for early disease stages and has revealed that progressive luminal narrowing in CAV is in part due to negative vascular remodeling. Because of the diffuse nature of CAV, percutaneous and surgical revascularization procedures have a limited role. Prevention of CAV progression is a primary therapeutic goal.
The feasibility of using fine needle aspiration from primary breast cancers for cDNA microarray analyses. (2002)

SD is a useful quality index for the clinical application of cDNA microarrays. This "proof of principle" study demonstrates that FNAs from primary breast cancers can be used for microarray analysis, although without amplification, it is feasible in only a small proportion of patients. For this to be clinically useful, validated amplification techniques for FNA samples are probably required.
An Orally Bioavailable HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Containing an Imidazole-Derived Peptide Bond Replacement: Crystallographic and Pharmacokinetic Analysis (1994)

(2R,4S,5S,1'S)-2-Phenylmethyl-4-hydroxy-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino-6-phenylhexanoyl-N-(1'-imidazo-2-yl)-2'-methylpropanamide (compound 2) is a tripeptide analogue inhibitor of HIV-1 protease in which a C-terminal imidazole substituent constitutes an isoelectronic, structural mimic of a carboxamide group. Compound 2 is a potent inhibitor of the protease (K(i) = 18 nM) and inhibits HIV-1 acute infectivity of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (IC50 = 570 nM). Crystallographic analysis of an HIV-1 protease-compound 2 complex demonstrates that the nitrogen atoms of the imidazole ring assume the same hydrogen-bonding interactions with the protease as amide linkages in other peptide analogue inhibitors. The sole substitution of the C-terminal carboxamide of a hydroxyethylene-containing tripeptide analogue with an imidazole group imparts greatly improved pharmacokinetic and oral bioavailability properties on the compound compared to its carboxamide-containing homologue (compound 1). While the oral bioavailability of compound 1 in rats was negligible, compound 2 displayed oral bioavailabilities of 30% and 14%, respectively, in rats and monkeys.
Multiresolution painting and compositing (1994)

We describe a representation for multiresolution images—images that have different resolutions in different places—and methods for creating such images using painting and compositing operations. These methods are very easy to implement, and they are efficient in both memory and speed. Only the detail present at a particular resolution is stored, and the most common painting operations, “over” and “erase”, require time proportional only to the number of pixels displayed. We also show how fractional-level zooming can be implemented in order to allow a user to display and edit portions of a multiresolution image at any arbitrary size.
The Use of Salicylaldehyde Phenylhydrazone as an Indicator for the Titration of Organometallic Reagents (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTThe Use of Salicylaldehyde Phenylhydrazone as an Indicator for the Titration of Organometallic ReagentsBrian E. Love and Edward G. JonesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 10, 3755–3756Publication Date (Web):April 22, 1999Publication History Received14 December 1998Published online22 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo982433ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo982433ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16444Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Color,Reagents,Titration Get e-Alerts
Analysis of allosteric signal transduction mechanisms in an engineered fluorescent maltose biosensor (2005)

We previously reported the construction of a family of reagentless fluorescent biosensor proteins by the structure-based design of conjugation sites for a single, environmentally sensitive small molecule dye, thus providing a mechanism for the transduction of ligand-induced conformational changes into a macroscopic fluorescence observable. Here we investigate the microscopic mechanisms that may be responsible for the macroscopic fluorescent changes in such Fluorescent Allosteric Signal Transduction (FAST) proteins. As case studies, we selected three individual cysteine mutations (F92C, D95C, and S233C) of Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP) covalently labeled with a single small molecule fluorescent probe, N-((2-iodoacetoxy)ethyl)-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD), each giving rise to a robust FAST protein with a distinct maltose-dependent fluorescence response. The fluorescence emission intensity, anisotropy, lifetime, and iodide-dependent fluorescence quenching were determined for each conjugate in the presence and absence of maltose. Structure-derived solvent accessible surface areas of the three FAST proteins are consistent with experimentally observed quenching data. The D95C protein exhibits the largest fluorescence change upon maltose binding. This mutant was selected for further characterization, and residues surrounding the fluorophore coupling site were mutagenized. Analysis of the resulting mutant FAST proteins suggests that specific hydrogen-bonding interactions between the fluorophore molecule and two tyrosine side-chains, Tyr171 and Tyr176, in the open state but not the closed, are responsible for the dramatic fluorescence response of this construct. Taken together these results provide insights that can be used in future design cycles to construct fluorescent biosensors that optimize signaling by engineering specific hydrogen bonds between a fluorophore and protein.