gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Radio Frequency Electric Current Enhances Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacterial Biofilms (2004)

Bacterial biofilms are notably resistant to antibiotic prophylaxis. The concentration of antibiotic necessary to significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the biofilm matrix can be several hundred times the MIC for the same bacteria in a planktonic phase. It has been observed that the addition of a weak continuous direct electric current to the liquid surrounding the biofilm can dramatically increase the efficacy of the antibiotic. This phenomenon, known as the bioelectric effect, has only been partially elucidated, and it is not certain that the electrical parameters are optimal. We confirm here the bioelectric effect for Escherichia coli biofilms treated with gentamicin and with oxytetracycline, and we report a new bioelectric effect with a radio frequency alternating electric current (10 MHz) instead of the usual direct current. None of the proposed explanations (transport of ions within the biofilm, production of additional biocides by electrolysis, etc.) of the direct current bioelectric effect are applicable to the radio frequency bioelectric effect. We suggest that this new phenomenon may be due to a specific action of the radio frequency electromagnetic field upon the polar parts of the molecules forming the biofilm matrix.
LN-2 (CD74) (1997)

Differential expression of the LN-2 antigen by atypical fibroxanthoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma distinguishes these two lesions and suggests that acquisition of LN-2 positivity may be a marker of tumor progression.
The use of Honeynets to detect exploited systems across large enterprise networks (2004)

Computer networks connected to the Internet continue to be compromised and exploited by hackers. This is in spite of the fact that many networks run some type of security mechanism at their connection to the Internet. Large enterprise networks, such as the network for a major university, are very inviting targets to hackers who are looking to exploit networks. Large enterprise networks may consist of many machines running numerous operating systems. These networks normally have enormous storage capabilities and high speed/high bandwidth connections to the Internet. Due to the requirements for academic freedom, system administrators are restricted in what requirements they can place on users on these networks. The high bandwidth usages on these networks make it very difficult to identify malicious traffic within the enterprise network. We propose that a Honeynet can be used to assist the system administrator in identifying malicious traffic on the enterprise network. By its very nature, a Honeynet has no production value and should not be generating or receiving any traffic. Thus, any traffic to or from the Honeynet is suspicious in nature. Traffic from the enterprise network to a machine on the Honeynet may indicate a compromised enterprise system.
Local Anesthetics Reduce Mortality and Protect against Renal and Hepatic Dysfunction in Murine Septic Peritonitis (2004)

The current data demonstrate that local anesthetic infusions confer a protective effect in mice from septic peritonitis by attenuating the hyperacute inflammatory response. This suppression resulted in improved mortality and less progression to acute kidney and liver injury and dysfunction.
Recovering three-dimensional shape from perspective translations and orthographic rotations. (1993)

Perceived orientation in depth and 3D shape was investigated for perspective projections of translations and orthographic projections of rotations of 3D dihedral angles. The principal findings were that (a) perceived orientation in depth depends on the sign of the velocity gradient, even in the case of orthographic projections; (b) the relationship between perceived orientation and the sign of the velocity gradient is greater for shallower gradients in orthographic projections of rotations, consistent with previous findings for perspective translations; (c) the magnitudes of simulated dihedral angles were underestimated (relative depth overestimated) for orthographic projections of rotations but were overestimated for perspective projections of translations; and (d) the judged magnitude of the dihedral angle depends on the velocity ratio and on image compression; it cannot be predicted from the velocity ratio or the velocity gradient alone.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Antimicrotubule Agents Phenylahistin Derivatives with a Didehydropiperazine-2,5-dione Structure (2011)

Plinabulin (11, NPI-2358) is a potent microtubule-targeting agent derived from the natural diketopiperazine "phenylahistin" (1) with a colchicine-like tubulin depolymerization activity. Compound 11 was recently developed as VDA and is now under phase II clinical trials as an anticancer drug. To develop more potent antimicrotubule and cytotoxic derivatives based on the didehydro-DKP skeleton, we performed further modification on the tert-butyl or phenyl groups of 11, and evaluated their cytotoxic and tubulin-binding activities. In the SAR study, we developed more potent derivatives 33 with 2,5-difluorophenyl and 50 with a benzophenone in place of the phenyl group. The anti-HuVEC activity of 33 and 50 exhibited a lowest effective concentration of 2 and 1 nM for microtubule depolymerization, respectively. The values of 33 and 50 were 5 and 10 times more potent than that of CA-4, respectively. These derivatives could be a valuable second-generation derivative with both vascular disrupting and cytotoxic activities.
Targeted Antimicrobial Photochemotherapy (1998)

This study explores a new approach for antimicrobial therapy with light activation of targeted poly-L-lysine (pL)-chlorin e6 (ce6) conjugates. The goal was to test the hypothesis that these conjugates between pL and ce6 would efficiently target photodestruction towards gram-positive (Actinomyces viscosus) and gram-negative (Porphyromonas gingivalis) oral species while sparing an oral epithelial cell line (HCPC-1). Conjugates of ce6 with pL (average molecular weight, 2,000) having a positive, neutral, or negative charge were prepared. Illumination with red light (lambdamax = 671 nm) from a diode array produced a dose-dependent loss of CFU from the bacteria, under conditions that did not affect the viability of the epithelial cells. For P. gingivalis, the cationic conjugate produced 99% killing, while the neutral conjugate killed 91% and the anionic conjugate killed 76% after 1 min of incubation and exposure to red light for 10 min. For A. viscosus, the cationic conjugate produced >99.99% killing while HCPC-1 cells remained intact. The importance of the positive charge was shown by the effectiveness of ce6-monoethylenediamine monoamide (a monocationic derivative of ce6) in killing both bacteria. The clinically employed benzoporphyrin derivative under the same conditions killed epithelial cells while leaving P. gingivalis relatively unharmed. A mixture of ce6 with pL did not show phototoxicity comparable with that of the cationic conjugate. These results were explained by the selective uptake of the conjugates by bacteria (20- to 100-fold) compared to that by mammalian cells, while free ce6 showed much less selectivity for bacteria (5- to 20-fold). The data suggest that the cationic pL-ce6 conjugate may have an application for the photodynamic therapy of periodontal disease.
Gas-Phase Synthesis of Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes from Colloidal Solution of Metal Nanoparticles (2001)

Metal nanoparticles play an important role in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of carbon nanotubes because nanoparticles not only catalyze the nanotube growth but also determine the structural characteristics of the nanotubes. We report on the synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on the basis of the gas-phase reaction of colloidal solutions of metal nanoparticles containing Co and Mo. The colloidal solution of the nanoparticles is prepared by a reverse micelle method and injected into a furnace, where the solvent serves as the carbon source while the nanoparticles act as the catalyst. We have found that addition of a small amount of thiophene leads to formation of the SWNTs. The formation mechanism of the SWNTs is discussed by comparing the present CVD and laser-ablation methods.
Tap control for headphones without sensors (2011)

A tap control technique for headphones is proposed. A simple circuit is used to detect tapping of the headphone shell by using the speaker unit in the headphone as a tap sensor. No additional devices are required in the headphone shell and cable, so the user can use their favorite headphones as a controller while listening music. A prototype is implemented with several calibration processes to compensate the differences in headphones and users' tapping actions. Tests confirm that the user can control a music player by tapping regular headphones.
Syntheses and Magnetostructural Investigations on Kuratowski-Type Homo- and Heteropentanuclear Coordination Compounds [MZn4Cl4(L)6] (MII= Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu; L = 5,6-Dimethyl-1,2,3-benzotriazolate) Represented by the NonplanarK3,3Graph (2010)

Homo- and heteropentanuclear coordination compounds [MZn(4)Cl(4)(L)(6)] (M(II) = Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu; L = 5,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-benzotriazolate) were prepared containing mu(3)-bridging N-donor ligands (1,2,3-benzotriazolate), which are structurally related to the fundamental secondary building unit of Metal-organic Framework Ulm University-4 (MFU-4). The unique topology of these T(d)-symmetrical compounds is characterized by the nonplanar K(3,3) graph, introduced into graph theory by the mathematician Casimir Kuratowski in 1930. The following "Kuratowski-type" compounds were investigated by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis: [MZn(4)Cl(4)(Me(2)bta)(6)].2DMF (M(II) = Zn, Fe, Co, and Cu; DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) and [MZn(4)Cl(4)(Me(2)bta)(6)].2C(6)H(5)Br (M(II) = Co and Ni; C(6)H(5)Br = bromobenzene). The mu(3)-bridging benzotriazolate ligands span the edges of an imaginary tetrahedron, in the center of which a redox-active octahedrally coordinated M(II) ion is placed. Four Zn(II) ions are located at the corners of the coordination units. Each Zn center is bound to a monodentate Cl(-) anion and three N-donor atoms stemming from different benzotriazolate ligands. The fact that open-shell redox-active M(II) ions can be introduced selectively into the central octahedral coordination sites is unambiguously proven by a combination of magnetic measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry analysis. The phase purity of all compounds was checked by powder X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The electronic spectra and magnetic properties of the compounds are in complete agreement with their structures determined from single-crystal data. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that all compounds possess a high thermal stability up to 673 K. The pentanuclear compounds retain their structural integrity in solution, as evidenced by time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis and comparative solution and solid-state diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. High stability paired with the presence of redox-active metal ions and Lewis-acidic Zn centers renders Kuratowski-type compounds structural and functional models for future MFU-4-type bi- and multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts.
Beneficial effects of nitric oxide inhalation on pulmonary bacterial clearance (2002)

These results suggest a beneficial effect of nitric oxide inhalation on bacterial clearance of P. aeruginosa attributable to both a direct bactericidal effect and an influx of alveolar neutrophils with preserved functions.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Off-Target CRISPR/Cas9 Activity in Single-Cell-Derived Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Clones (2020)

CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)-mediated genome editing holds remarkable promise for the treatment of human genetic diseases. However, the possibility of off-target Cas9 activity remains a concern. To address this issue using clinically relevant target cells, we electroporated Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes (independently targeted to two different genomic loci, the <i>CXCR4</i> locus on chromosome 2 and the <i>AAVS1</i> locus on chromosome 19) into human mobilized peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and assessed the acquisition of somatic mutations in an unbiased, genome-wide manner via whole genome sequencing (WGS) of single-cell-derived HSPC clones. Bioinformatic analysis identified >20,000 total somatic variants (indels, single nucleotide variants, and structural variants) distributed among Cas9-treated and non-Cas9-treated control HSPC clones. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the number of novel non-targeted indels among the samples. Moreover, data analysis showed no evidence of Cas9-mediated indel formation at 623 predicted off-target sites. The median number of novel single nucleotide variants was slightly elevated in Cas9 RNP-recipient sample groups compared to baseline, but did not reach statistical significance. Structural variants were rare and demonstrated no clear causal connection to Cas9-mediated gene editing procedures. We find that the collective somatic mutational burden observed within Cas9 RNP-edited human HSPC clones is indistinguishable from naturally occurring levels of background genetic heterogeneity.
The Antimetabolite, Imidazole as a Pesticide1 (1963)

Imidazole, an antimetabolite of histamine and nicotinic acid, has been found to be a safe and effective pesticide. The biological effects of imidazole have been evaluated on a metabolic basis and as a contact insecticide. Reversal of imidazole with histamine, histamine derivatives, and nicotinic acid has been demonstrated within a biological system. Imidazole, when synergized with boric acid, may be employed at low levels to proof fabric satisfactorily against insect attack. When synergized with 2-Aminopyridine and combined with base oil, imidazole quickly controlled a number of insect and related arthropod species. The effectiveness of imidazole was significantly increased by adding two surfactants to base oil. A hydrophilic surfactant has been found to increase the physiological activity of imidazole, without improving the physical properties of the oil carrier, while perchloroethylene has been found to directly increase lipid solubility.
Synthesis, Processing, and Subcellular Localization of Mouse ADAM3 during Spermatogenesis and Epididymal Sperm Transport (2004)

To elucidate synthesis, processing, and subcellular localization of mouse ADAM3 (cyritestin) during spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm transport, we carried out immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis of testicular germ cells, and epididymal and vas deferens sperm, using affinity-purified anti-ADAM3 antibody. ADAM3 was initially synthesized as a 110-kDa precursor in round spermatids, and the precursor was then processed into a 42-kDa mature protein during the sperm transport into and/or once in the epididymis. The mature ADAM3 was localized on the anterior part of capacitated sperm heads and was rapidly removed from the head region during the calcium ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction. These results demonstrate that the mature form of ADAM3 is involved in the binding of sperm to the egg zona pellucida, not in the membrane fusion between sperm and egg.
Mucin Biosynthesis (2003)

Enzymes which exhibit core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) activity play important roles in physiologic processes including the inflammatory response and immune system function, and C2GnT activity is regulated during processes, such as T cell activation and cellular differentiation. In this study, we have examined the regulation of C2GnT activity in the H292 airway epithelial cell line by epidermal growth factor (EGF), which has been previously shown to upregulate expression of the airway mucin MUC5AC in this cell line. We found that EGF suppressed C2GnT activity in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and also suppressed core 4 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C4GnT) activity. Consistent with the suppression of C4GnT activity, Northern blotting results showed that EGF preferentially inhibited the M isoform of C2GnT, which forms core 2, core 4, and blood group I beta1,6 branched carbohydrate structures, while the L isoform, which forms only the core 2 structure, was only modestly affected. Furthermore, EGF treatment resulted in a shift in the carbohydrate structure of FLAG-tagged MUC1 expressed in the cells from core 2-based toward core 1-based structures, consistent with the inhibitory effects of EGF on C2GnT. Transforming growth factor alpha mimicked the effect of EGF on C2GnT, implicating the EGF receptor (EGF-R) in C2GnT suppression, and the EGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 blocked C2GnT suppression, confirming the role of EGF-R in the inhibition of C2GnT expression. Also, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 in the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, completely blocked the EGF suppressive effect, suggesting possible involvement of the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in EGF-mediated downregulation of C2GnT. The results of this study suggest that exposure of airway cells to EGF may result in remodeling of mucin carbohydrate structure, potentially altering the biological properties of the cells.
Medullary and Odontogenic Disease in the Painful Jaw: Clinicopathologic Review of 500 Consecutive Lesions (2002)

Ischemic jawbone lesions were first discussed in the dental literature more than a century ago, but then seemingly forgotten. In recent years, there has been considerable resurgence in interest in this unique pathological condition. Controversy surrounds the subject. Some proclaim these lesions to be mere fabrications of the imaginations of non-traditional or alternative dental surgeons. Others attribute all human maladies to these maxillofacial lesions. Aside from these philosophical and metaphysical arguments, are there common diagnoses of jawbone pathologies that produce pain? This present investigation reviews the clinicopathologic features of 500 consecutive jawbone surgeries with pathological confirmation in patients with idiopathic facial pain. Four hundred seventy-six (476) of the 500 lesions (95.2%) were directly attributed to impaired blood flow in the jawbone, tooth, or both, according to histopathological analysis and confirming Cavitat (bone ultrasound) examination. Statistical data concerning the location, frequency, and pathological diagnoses of these bony lesions are presented, as are brief methods of diagnosis, and treatment is also discussed.
Variable Frequency Modulation in DNA Separations Using Field Inversion Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (1994)

Variable frequency pulsed field capillary gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid restriction fragment mobility and resolution is reported. The frequency of the sine wave superimposed on the dc driving field was randomly varied throughout the duration of the electrophoresis in order to enhance the fragment separations. By frequent changes of frequency, fragments of various sizes experienced optimum conditions for separation sometime during the electrophoresis. The mobilities of phi X 174 HaeIII fragments in 9% T linear polyacrylamide were primarily dependent on power dissipation in the capillary, independent of whether the driving field was dc only or modulated. Resolution of long fragments exhibited a strong modulation frequency dependence. Modulated driving fields provided better resolution of the 603-1353 base pair fragments than dc only fields. Modulation protocols with center frequencies near 100 Hz gave the highest resolution.
Neridronate Prevents Bone Loss in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2004)

Neridronate is an effective treatment in preventing bone loss in the hip and lumbar spine in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer.
S-cyclophilin. New member of the cyclophilin family associated with the secretory pathway (1991)

Cyclophilin is an abundant and ubiquitous cytosolic protein that is conserved throughout evolution from man to bacteria. It is the target of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Cyclophilin has peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase activity, and it accelerates protein folding in vitro, suggesting that it might be involved in the folding of cytosolic proteins. We describe a novel cyclophilin-like protein, S-cyclophilin, in the chick. Analysis of S-cyclophilin cDNA revealed the presence of a signal sequence followed by an open reading frame coding for a protein very similar to cytosolic cyclophilin, except for the presence of unique additional short amino acid segments at the N and C termini of the protein. S-Cyclophilin mRNA was abundant and present in all embryonic chick tissues tested. Cyclophilin and S-cyclophilin are coded by separate genes in the chick genome. Recombinant S-cyclophilin was expressed in insect cells by means of the baculovirus system. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that a significant fraction of newly synthesized recombinant S-cyclophilin was rapidly secreted into the culture medium. Our findings indicate that cyclophilins are associated with most if not all intra- and extracellular compartments and suggest that enzyme-assisted conformational conversions in proteins might also take place in post-endoplasmic reticulum compartments, possibly including the extracellular space.
A locomotion control method for autonomous vehicles (2003)

The authors present a locomotion control method for autonomous vehicles. The main difficulties in controlling an autonomous vehicle lie in the fact that vehicles usually have three degrees of freedom in position and orientation in spite of having only two degrees of freedom for motion control. To use any find of path for vehicle navigation, the authors control a vehicle in a tracking mode. Decomposition of error between the reference posture and the current posture makes control of speed and steering possible. The locomotion control system works as a flexible interface between the path planner and the motor-wheel system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In vivo antitumor effects of unconjugated CD30 monoclonal antibodies on human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma xenografts. (1995)

CD30 is a M(r) 120,000 surface antigen identified originally by the Ki-1 monoclonal antibody (moAb) against primary and cultured Reed-Sternberg cells present in Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs). Examination of two ALCL cell lines (Karpas 299 and Michel) demonstrated cell surface expression of CD30. Incubation of these lymphomas with two anti-CD30 moAbs that recognize the ligand-binding site (M44 or HeFi-1) resulted in significant growth inhibition in vitro, with significant decreases in cell viability. Another anti-CD30 moAb, Ber-H2, which recognizes a determinant not involved in ligand binding, had no effect on ALCL growth in vitro. When these human ALCL lines were transferred i.v. into mice with severe combined immune deficiency, the mice developed extensive metastasis in the s.c., brain, or eye tissues. The treatment of mice with either M44 or HeFi-1 anti-CD30 moAbs resulted in significant increases in survival, with some mice remaining disease free for more than 100 days. Thus, anti-CD30 treatment is efficacious for CD30+ ALCL cell lines in vivo, and unconjugated anti-CD30 moAbs may be of potential clinical use.