gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phospholipids as the molecular instruments of ion and solute transport in biological membranes. (1980)

Partition studies have established that phospholipids generally have the capabilities to mediate the transmembrane transport of the full range of ions and solutes that physiologically cross biological membranes. The list of transportable species includes cations, anions, amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates, nucleotides, and sugars. Phospholipid-mediated transport can be readily modulated by altering the phospholipid mixture or by addition of detergents, nucleotides, divalent metals, proteins, peptides, or ring compounds. Containment of phospholipid within channels in protein appears to be the precondition for the formation of the micellar structure requisite for solute transport. Phospholipid-mediated transport is postulated to be a central feature of energy coupling, membrane-spanning systems, and membrane-bound, phospholipid-requiring enzymes.
Target-Specific Binding of Immunoliposomes in Vivo (1990)

My group at the University of Tennessee has been concentrating on using monoclonal antibody to target a liposomal drug carrier system (1). Our initial effort to target these liposomes uses an organ-specific monoclonal antibody (for a preliminary account, see 2).
Reconstitution of Troponin Activity from Three Protein Components (1971)

Pursed troponin prepared according to published procedures was separated into four major protein fractions when chromatographed on DEAE-Sephadex in 6 rd urea.The main components in Fractions 1 to 4 had approximate molecular weights of 14,000,24,000,35,000, and 21,000, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.Reconstitution experiments using all possible combinations indicated that Fractions 2, 3, and 4 restored the Ca+f requirement for the ATPase activity of actomyosin in the presence of tropomyosin.Recovery of activity could only be achieved when the required components were mixed prior to removal of urea.This suggests that one or more of these proteins may refold improperly on removal of urea unless the other components are present.
High-speed sample and hold using low temperature grown GaAs MSM switches for photonic A/D conversion (2001)

Summary form only given. With the evergrowing demand for bandwidth, the need for high-speed A/D converters operating at GSa/s sampling rates has emerged in the areas of radar and microwave communications. As a solution, the idea of combining the low jitter and high speed advantages of photonics with electrical A/D converters has spawned a number of photonic A/D conversion systems. In our system, we utilize a sample and hold scheme with LT grown GaAs MSM switches. The short recombination lifetime and high mobility of LT GaAs allow high-speed operation with good sensitivity. Optically triggered by a short-pulse laser, the switches would be attached to a transmission line and would sample the input electrical signal onto a hold capacitor.
Dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements (2014)

Gradient metasurfaces are two-dimensional optical elements capable of manipulating light by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on an incident electromagnetic wave. These surfaces have thus far been constructed from nanometallic optical antennas, and high diffraction efficiencies have been limited to operation in reflection mode. We describe the experimental realization and operation of dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements capable of also achieving high efficiencies in transmission mode in the visible spectrum. Ultrathin gratings, lenses, and axicons have been realized by patterning a 100-nanometer-thick Si layer into a dense arrangement of Si nanobeam antennas. The use of semiconductors can broaden the general applicability of gradient metasurfaces, as they offer facile integration with electronics and can be realized by mature semiconductor fabrication technologies.
Exploiting SIMD parallelism in DSP and multimedia algorithms using the AltiVec technology (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Exploiting SIMD parallelism in DSP and multimedia algorithms using the AltiVec technology Authors: Huy Nguyen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TexasView Profile , Lizy Kurian John Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TexasView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '99: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on SupercomputingJune 1999 Pages 11–20https://doi.org/10.1145/305138.305150Published:20 June 1999Publication History 60citation920DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations60Total Downloads920Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The human ryanodine receptor gene: its mapping to 19q13.1, placement in a chromosome 19 linkage group, and exclusion as the gene causing myotonic dystrophy. (1990)

The recent cloning of cDNA encoding the Ca++ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of human sarcoplasmic reticulum has enabled us to use somatic cell hybrids to localize the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR) to the proximal long arm of human chromosome 19. Studies with additional hybrids containing deletions or translocations in chromosome 19 enabled us to localize RYR to 19q13.1 in a region distal to GPI/MAG and proximal to D19S18/DNF11. On the basis that the myotonic dystrophy (DM) locus maps near this region and that myotonia could result from a defect in the ryanodine receptor, we examined the linkage between the DM locus and RYR. Our results, showing several DM-RYR recombinants, rule out an RYR defect as the cause of DM. However, localization of RYR to a region of human chromosome 19 which is syntenic to an area of pig chromosome 6 containing the HAL gene responsible for porcine malignant hyperthermia supports the candidacy of RYR for this disorder.
Integrative Self‐Sorting Synthesis of a Fe8Pt6L24 Cubic Cage (2012)

96 bonds were formed when 62 building blocks (heterotopic ligands with FeII and PtII ions) self-assembled in a one-pot reaction into a heterometallic Fe8Pt6L24 cubic cage (see model, Fe purple, Pt orange, N blue). The dynamic nature of this method also allowed an efficient cage-to-cage conversion: a tetrahedral Fe4L6 cage was converted into the Fe8Pt6L24 cube, which was subsequently converted into a second tetrahedral Fe4L′6 cage. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Liver Transplantation (1989)

(First of Two Parts)ADVANCES in the management of both chronic and acute hepatic disease have been made possible and even mandated by the development of liver transplantation. The clinical use of transplantation has proceeded at a rapid pace since a Consensus Development Conference of the National Institutes of Health concluded in June 1983 that liver transplantation had become a service and not simply an experimental procedure.1 The liver can be transplanted as an extra (auxiliary) organ at an ectopic site, or in the orthotopic location after the removal of the host liver (Fig. 1). This article will focus primarily . . .
Localization and activity of lysyl oxidase within nuclei of fibrogenic cells (1997)

Lysyl oxidase (EC 1.4.3.13) oxidizes peptidyl lysine to peptidyl aldehyde residues within collagen and elastin, thus initiating formation of the covalent cross-linkages that insolubilize these extracellular proteins. Recent findings raise the possibility that this enzyme may also function intracellularly. The present study provides evidence by immunocytochemical confocal microscopy, Western blot analysis, enzyme assays, and chemical analyses for lysyl oxidase reaction products that this enzyme is present and active within rat vascular smooth muscle cell nuclei. Confocal microscopy indicates its presence within nuclei of 3T3 fibroblasts, as well.
Potent slow-binding inhibition of cathepsin B by its propeptide (1992)

A peptide (PCB1) corresponding to the proregion of the rat cysteine protease cathepsin B was synthesized and its ability to inhibit cathepsin B activity investigated. PCB1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of mature cathepsin B at pH 6.0, yielding a Ki = 0.4 nM. This inhibition obeyed slow-binding kinetics and occurred as a one-step process with a k1 = 5.2 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 and a k2 = 2.2 x 10(-4) s-1. On dropping from pH 6.0 to 4.7, Ki increased markedly, and whereas k1 remained essentially unchanged, k2 increased to 4.5 x 10(-3) s-1. Thus, the increase in Ki at lower pH is due primarily to an increased dissociation rate for the cathepsin B/PCB1 complex. At pH 4.0, the inhibition was 160-fold weaker (Ki = 64 nM) than at pH 6.0, and the propeptide appeared to behave as a classical competitive inhibitor rather than a slow-binding inhibitor. Incubation of cathepsin B with a 10-fold excess of PCB1 overnight at pH 4.0 resulted in extensive cleavage of the propetide whereas no cleavage occurred at pH 6.0, consistent with the formation of a tight complex between cathepsin B and PCB1 at the higher pH. The synthetic propeptide of cathepsin B was found to be a much weaker inhibitor of papain, a structurally similar cysteine protease, and no pH dependence was observed. Inhibition constants of 2.8 and 5.6 microM were obtained for papain inhibition by PCB1 at pH 4.0 and 6.0, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transcriptional targeting of recombinant adenoviruses to human and murine melanoma cells. (1996)

One potential avenue for future cancer therapy involves the specific targeting of effector genes to cancer cells throughout the body, including distant metastatic sites. As a first step toward this goal, we tested the ability of the transcriptional regulatory elements of the human and mouse tyrosinase genes to promote high levels of pigment cell-specific transcription. A construct consisting of 209 bp of the human tyrosinase promoter linked to two enhancer elements was demonstrated to drive high-level, melanoma-specific expression of a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene in transient transfection assays. In studies of the murine tyrosinase promoter region, constructs containing up to 2500 bp of the 5' regulatory region were found to have very low transcriptional activity in murine melanoma cells. However, as with the human system, addition of two tandem repeats of an upstream enhancer element resulted in high levels of lineage-specific transcriptional activation. The murine tyrosinase promoter-enhancer expression cassette was introduced into the E1 region of a recombinant adenovirus to generate the virus AdmTyr-beta gal. This virus grows to high titer and maintains transcriptional specificity for pigment cell lineages. Strikingly, AdmTyr-beta gal is extremely active in human melanoma cells, in some cases exceeding the transcriptional activity of a cytomegalovirus promoter-driven recombinant beta-gal virus. Tissue specificity of gene expression is maintained, with very low levels observed in tumors and primary human cells derived from other lineages. These data provide evidence that it is possible to target human melanoma cells with great efficiency and specificity using high-titer recombinant adenovirus vectors.
Drug-Selected Human Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Cytokine Network, Tumorigenic and Metastatic Properties (2008)

These findings suggest that chemotherapy can lead to propagation of CSCs and prevention of their differentiation. The high tumorigenic and metastatic potentials of CSCs are associated with efficient cytokine network production that may represent a target for increased efficacy of cancer therapy.
Kinetic Measurement of the Step Size of DNA Unwinding by Escherichia coli UvrD Helicase (1997)

The kinetic mechanism by which the DNA repair helicase UvrD of Escherichia coli unwinds duplex DNA was examined with the use of a series of oligodeoxynucleotides with duplex regions ranging from 10 to 40 base pairs. Single-turnover unwinding experiments showed distinct lag phases that increased with duplex length because partially unwound DNA intermediate states are highly populated during unwinding. Analysis of these kinetics indicates that UvrD unwinds duplex DNA in discrete steps, with an average "step size" of 4 to 5 base pairs (approximately one-half turn of the DNA helix). This suggests an unwinding mechanism in which alternating subunits of the dimeric helicase interact directly with duplex DNA.
Experimental and Theoretical Characteristics of Sub-Terahertz and Terahertz Oscillations of Resonant Tunneling Diodes Integrated with Slot Antennas (2005)

Experimental and theoretical characteristics of sub-terahertz and terahertz oscillations in resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) integrated with slot antennas are reported. In the experiments, oscillations up to 0.6 THz were obtained in GaInAs/AlAs double-barrier RTDs. The oscillation characteristics were theoretically analyzed for the total device structure including RTD and slot antenna. The equivalent circuit with all parasitic elements was taken into account for the RTD, and the actual structure of the antenna was analyzed using a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulator. The theoretical analysis was in good agreement with the measurements of oscillation frequency and output power. It was shown from the theoretical results that the RTD itself has the potential to oscillate up to 3.0 THz, and that the RTD oscillator with slot antenna is able to oscillate up to 2.8 THz if the device structure is optimized. The output power analysis showed that 90 µW at 1 THz is possible by optimizing the device structure.
The effects of nicotine on intrusive memories in nonsmokers. (2013)

Correlational research suggests that smoking increases risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), though such research by nature cannot rule out third variable explanations for this relationship. The present study used an analogue trauma film design to experimentally test the effects of nicotine on the occurrence of intrusive memories. Fifty-four healthy nonsmokers were randomly assigned to ingest either a nicotine or placebo lozenge before viewing a film depicting motor vehicle accidents. Participants recorded intrusive memories immediately after the film and for a week via diary. Participants in the nicotine condition reported significantly more intrusive memories immediately after watching the film, yet no group differences emerged on intrusions or intrusion-related distress reported during the following week. Among participants low in dispositional rumination, those who had ingested a nicotine lozenge reported more intrusions in the subsequent week than those in the placebo condition. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for the role of nicotine in increasing risk of PTSD and suggest that nicotine may contribute to trauma-related rumination but not heightened reactivity to trauma cues.
miRNA-like duplexes as RNAi triggers with improved specificity (2012)

siRNA duplexes, the most common triggers of RNA interference, are first loaded into an Argonaute (Ago) protein and then undergo unwinding via passenger strand cleavage, which requires the slicer activity of the Ago protein. In mammals, only Ago2 out of the four Ago proteins possesses such slicer activity. In contrast, miRNA/miRNA* duplexes often contain central mismatches that prevent slicer-dependent unwinding. Instead, mismatches in specific regions (seed and 3'-mid regions) promote efficient slicer-independent unwinding by any of the four mammalian Ago proteins. Both slicer-dependent and slicer-independent unwinding mechanisms produce guide-containing RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which silences target mRNAs by cleavage, translational repression, and/or deadenylation that leads to mRNA decay. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the RISC assembly pathways, and describe a simple method to rationally design artificial miRNA/miRNA*-like duplexes and highlight its benefits to reduce the unwanted "off-target" effects without compromising the specific target silencing activity.
Cell Membranes as Barriers for Antisense Constructions (1992)

The results of studies on interaction of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides with cell membranes are reviewed. Oligonucleotides and polynucleotides bind to lipid membranes in the presence of divalent cations that may result in spontaneous encapsulation of nucleic acids and transfer of the formed vesicles to the other side of the membrane. Oligonucleotides can enter eukaryotic cells and interact with cellular RNA and DNA. On the surface of eukaryotic cells, there are proteins capable of binding to nucleic acids that may be involved in oligonucleotide uptake. Oligonucleotides bind to cellular CD4 receptors. Efficient delivery into cells can be achieved by conjugation of oligonucleotides to lipophilic groups or by encapsulation into membrane carriers.
Bistability in Coupled Oscillators Exhibiting Synchronized Dynamics (2010)

我们报导与二的同步行为联系的一些新结果联合了未击中振荡器(DDO ) 的双井。为经由线性州的错误反馈控制的驱动器和反应 DDO 的全球混乱同步的一些足够的代数学的标准借助于 Lyapunov 稳定性理论被获得。同步通过一个周期的引起注意的人与一个混乱引起注意的人在共存的一个双稳态的状态被完成。用线性不安分析，在参数空间和联系分叉的引起注意的人的流行被检验。Subcritical 和 supercritical Hopf 分叉和锁现象的模式的签名被发现的许多阿诺德舌头。
Regulated Production of Mature Insulin by Non- β -Cells (1997)

Rat hepatoma cells were engineered to express, in a regulated manner, mature human insulin as an approach to the development of artificial beta-cells for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) gene therapy. A chimeric gene obtained by linking a 2.4-kb fragment of the P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene promoter to a human proinsulin gene (PEPCK/Insm), containing genetically engineered furin endoprotease cleavage sites, was stably transfected into FTO-2B rat hepatoma cells. The FTOInsm cells expressed high levels of insulin mRNA and protein after Northern blot or immunocytochemical analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of culture medium and cell extracts revealed that about 90% of the proinsulin was processed to mature insulin. Insulin secretion was very fast, and 15 min after induction with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) plus dexamethasone significant amounts of the hormone were released. Moreover, during the first hour, the rise in insulin concentration in the medium was 10-fold that detected in nontreated FTOInsm cells. Insulin produced by FTOInsm cells was biologically active because it blocked endogenous PEPCK gene expression and induced glucose uptake and lactate production. Thus, our results showed that genetically engineered FTOInsm hepatoma cells synthesized, processed, and secreted active insulin. The implantation of encapsulated engineered FTOInsm cells might provide a safe and practical therapeutic approach for IDDM treatment.
Phytophthora sojaeAvirulence Genes, RAPD, and RFLP Markers Used to Construct a Detailed Genetic Linkage Map (1995)

Two crosses between different races of Phytophthora sojae were established using one race as a common parent in both crosses. F2 populations comprising over 200 individuals were generated for each cross. A subset of 53 F2 individuals from each cross was selected at random for genetic analysis of virulence/avirulence and molecular markers, and finally the construction of a detailed genetic linkage map. The linkage map developed for P. sojae is based on a total of 257 markers (22 RFLP, 228 RAPD, and 7 avirulence genes). The linkage map comprises 10 major and 12 minor linkage groups covering a total of 830.5 cM. Close linkage was observed between Avr4 and Avr6 (0.0 cM), Avr1b and Avr1k (0.0 cM), and Avr3a and Avr5 (4.6 cM). Coupling phase linkage of RFLP and RAPD markers to all seven avirulence genes was identified at the minimum and maximum distances of 0.0 and 14.7 cM, respectively.
Proteolysis of MOB1 by the ubiquitin ligase praja2 attenuates Hippo signalling and supports glioblastoma growth (2013)

Human glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive form of brain tumour in the adult population. Proteolytic turnover of tumour suppressors by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a mechanism that tumour cells can adopt to sustain their growth and invasiveness. However, the identity of ubiquitin-proteasome targets and regulators in glioblastoma are still unknown. Here we report that the RING ligase praja2 ubiquitylates and degrades Mob, a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the tumour-suppressor Hippo cascade. Degradation of Mob through the ubiquitin-proteasome system attenuates the Hippo cascade and sustains glioblastoma growth in vivo. Accordingly, accumulation of praja2 during the transition from low- to high-grade glioma is associated with significant downregulation of the Hippo pathway. These findings identify praja2 as a novel upstream regulator of the Hippo cascade, linking the ubiquitin proteasome system to deregulated glioblastoma growth.
A rapid, high-yield conversion of codeine to morphine (1977)

Brief treatment of codeine (1) in chloroform with boron tribromide has consiste-tly given morphine (2) in 90-91% yield after a simple isolation procedure. The yield and simplicity of operation in this method are vastly superior to those previously reported for this transformation.
An algorithm for progressive multiple alignment of sequences with insertions (2005)

Dynamic programming algorithms guarantee to find the optimal alignment between two sequences. For more than a few sequences, exact algorithms become computationally impractical, and progressive algorithms iterating pairwise alignments are widely used. These heuristic methods have a serious drawback because pairwise algorithms do not differentiate insertions from deletions and end up penalizing single insertion events multiple times. Such an unrealistically high penalty for insertions typically results in overmatching of sequences and an underestimation of the number of insertion events. We describe a modification of the traditional alignment algorithm that can distinguish insertion from deletion and avoid repeated penalization of insertions and illustrate this method with a pair hidden Markov model that uses an evolutionary scoring function. In comparison with a traditional progressive alignment method, our algorithm infers a greater number of insertion events and creates gaps that are phylogenetically consistent but spatially less concentrated. Our results suggest that some insertion/deletion "hot spots" may actually be artifacts of traditional alignment algorithms.