gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoablation treatment for trichiasis using the argon laser (1990)

This paper presents a brief review of the literature regarding current treatment modalities for trichiasis and their complications. The technique of Argon laser thermoablation of lashes is described. A total of 12 patients with recurrent trichiasis involving 15 eyelids were treated and the procedure was found to be effective in 12 eyelids (80%). The follow-up period was three to six months. The laser settings used were Argon blue-green wavelength, spot size 50 to 100 microns, exposure time 0.05 to 0.10 seconds and power 1200 to 2000 mW. Advantages of the technique were precise application and selectivity, lack of complications, non-requirement for infiltrative anaesthesia and ease of performance. Disadvantages were the need for up to three treatments in some patients and the technique only being suitable for treating small numbers (up to six) of lashes.
Multiscale conditional random fields for image labeling (2004)

We propose an approach to include contextual features for labeling images, in which each pixel is assigned to one of a finite set of labels. The features are incorporated into a probabilistic framework, which combines the outputs of several components. Components differ in the information they encode. Some focus on the image-label mapping, while others focus solely on patterns within the label field. Components also differ in their scale, as some focus on fine-resolution patterns while others on coarser, more global structure. A supervised version of the contrastive divergence algorithm is applied to learn these features from labeled image data. We demonstrate performance on two real-world image databases and compare it to a classifier and a Markov random field.
Gene regulation by temperature-sensitive p53 mutants: identification of p53 response genes. (1994)

The ability of the p53 protein to act as a sequence-specific transcriptional activator suggests that genes induced by p53 may encode critical mediators of p53 tumor suppression. Using a tetracycline-regulated p53 expression system and cDNA library subtraction procedure, we identified several p53-induced gene transcripts in human Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells that are novel on the basis of their size, regulation, and low abundance. Wild-type p53-dependent induction of these transcripts was observed in cells that are growth arrested by p53, as well as in cells that undergo apoptosis upon expression of an inducible wild-type p53 transgene. These results show that p53 activates the expression of numerous response genes and suggest that multiple effectors may play a role in mediating cellular functions of p53.
Green-laser-triggered Water Switching at 1.6 MV (2007)

Multiple water switches are used in the self-breaking mode in many large pulsed power systems. We are studying laser-triggering of water switches at voltages of up to 1.6 MV to see whether we can lower the command jitter of water switches. We have previously reported studies of 170 kV water switching with command jitters as low as plusmn2 ns. The 1.6 MV triggering experiments reported here are performed on a water switch in the middle of a 1.8 m long 7.8 Omega coaxial water line that is directly charged by a 65 kJ Marx generator. The 10 to 90% rise-time of the sinusoidal pulse impressed across the water switch is 250 ns. To trigger the switch, we transport a green laser beam (0.4 J, 7 ns pulsewidth) radially inward though the water of the coaxial line to a 'dry box' inside the inner coax line. There, the laser beam is turned 90 degrees and focused through a hole in one electrode to a breakdown arc in the water between the switch electrodes. Best results, of plusmn8.3 ns jitter and 100 ns delay at 60% of the self-break voltage, have been achieved using an axicon lens to focus the beam to a long narrow chain of point breakdowns between the switch electrodes.
Examination of Conditions Inhibiting the Formation of Acrylamide in the Model System of Fried Potato (2006)

Acrylamide (AAm) is produced in food through the reaction of asparagine and reducing sugar. We examined several methods of reducing the level of AAm using potato tubers. The fried model system that we employed consisted of thin slices that were first treated in water under different conditions before frying. A sufficient amount of water present in the fry material acts as an inhibitor against the formation of AAm and allows only a negligible amount of AAm to form. It was found that given the low content of water, the fry material temperature was sufficiently high to allow a relatively large level of AAm to form. Examination of water treatment prior to frying revealed that higher-temperature treatment water and longer treatment time resulted in the formation of lower levels of AAm. Moreover, removing some of the residual heat had an inhibiting effect on the formation of AAm.
Chiral Salen Complexes:  An Overview to Recoverable and Reusable Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral Salen Complexes: An Overview to Recoverable and Reusable Homogeneous and Heterogeneous CatalystsCarlos Baleizão and Hermenegildo GarciaView Author Information Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, and Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 9, 3987–4043Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2006Publication History Received20 March 2006Published online13 September 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050973nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050973nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11433Altmetric-Citations623LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethers,Ligands,Metals,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Learning to generate chairs with convolutional neural networks (2015)

We train a generative convolutional neural network which is able to generate images of objects given object type, viewpoint, and color. We train the network in a supervised manner on a dataset of rendered 3D chair models. Our experiments show that the network does not merely learn all images by heart, but rather finds a meaningful representation of a 3D chair model allowing it to assess the similarity of different chairs, interpolate between given viewpoints to generate the missing ones, or invent new chair styles by interpolating between chairs from the training set. We show that the network can be used to find correspondences between different chairs from the dataset, outperforming existing approaches on this task.
Targeted Delivery of Protein Drugs by Nanocarriers (2010)

Recent advances in biotechnology demonstrate that peptides and proteins are the basis of a new generation of drugs. However, the transportation of protein drugs in the body is limited by their high molecular weight, which prevents the crossing of tissue barriers, and by their short lifetime due to immuno response and enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the ability to selectively deliver drugs to target organs, tissues or cells is a major challenge in the treatment of several human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, targeted delivery can be much more efficient than systemic application, while improving bioavailability and limiting undesirable side effects. This review describes how the use of targeted nanocarriers such as nanoparticles and liposomes can improve the pharmacokinetic properties of protein drugs, thus increasing their safety and maximizing the therapeutic effect.
TOMOSYNTHESIS: A Three-Dimensional Radiographic Imaging Technique (1972)

A three-dimensional radiographic imaging system has been developed, and is presently being clinically evaluated. Twenty conventional radiographs are reduced and reprojected into a display volume according to a geometry which matches the X-ray source geometry. The images are integrated on a viewing screen and produce the tomographic plane corresponding to the screen's position. Planes parallel and tilted with respect to the scanning plane can be observed by simply adjusting the screen. The image is continuous in all directions, possesses a resolution of about 2lp/mm, and is usually true-sized, although factors of 2 or 3 in magnification can be easily produced.
Characterization of a donor mitochondrial DNA transmission bottleneck in nuclear transfer derived cow lineages (2007)

In embryos derived by nuclear-transfer (NT), fusion of donor cells with recipient oocytes resulted in varying patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transmission in NT animals. Distribution of donor cell mtDNA (D-mtDNA) found in offspring of NT-derived founders may also vary from donor cell and host embryo heteroplasmy to host embryo homoplasmy. Here we examined the transmission of mtDNA from NT cows to G(1) offspring. Eleven NT founder cows were produced by fusion of enucleated oocytes (Holstein/Japanese Black) with Jersey/ Holstein oviduct epithelial cells, or Holstein/Japanese Black cumulus cells. Transmission of mtDNA was analyzed by PCR mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism of the D-loop region. In six of seven animals sampled postmortem, heteroplasmy were detected in various tissues, while D-mtDNA could not be detected in blood or hair samples from four live animals. The average proportion of D-mtDNA detected in one NT cow was 7.6%, and those in other cows were <5%. Heteroplasmic NT cows (n = 6) generated a total 12 G(1) offspring. Four of 12 G(1) offspring exhibited high percentages of D-mtDNA populations (range 17-51%). The remaining eight G(1) offspring had slightly or undetectable D-mtDNA (<5%). Generally, a genetic bottleneck in the female germ-line should favor a homoplasmic state. However, proportions of some G(1) offspring maintained heteroplasmy with a much higher percentage of D-mtDNA than their NT dams, which may also reflect a segregation distortion caused by the proposed mitochondrial bottleneck. These results demonstrate that D-mtDNA in NT cows is transmitted to G(1) offspring with varying efficiencies.
Realizing 3-D Interconnected Direct Write Electronics Within Smart Stereolithography Structures (2005)

Research in rapid prototyping of high-density circuitry (RPHDC) involves integrating direct write (DW) conductive ink dispensing technology with stereolithography (SL) to manufacture smart structural members with integrated three-dimensional electronics. A significant challenge in this effort is realizing practical three-dimensional interconnect for discrete electronic packages encapsulated within a SL matrix. This paper presents research into SL-encapsulated DW three-dimensional interconnect. Results suggest that robust three-dimensional electronics are possible within an integrated DWSL structure. A power supply circuit is demonstrated that converts a 28 VDC input to a 5 VDC output with electromagnetic interference filtering capability. Additional work is necessary to improve resistance of DW interconnect, and planarity of device planes. Strategies for improving resistance of DW ink through localized laser curing and thermal curing are discussed in addition to the encapsulation performance of advanced SL resins. Future work in this area may impact the widely accepted MCM-L and MCM-C multichip module technologies.
A stable 250 to 4000 MHz GaAs IQ modulator IC (2002)

An in-phase/quadrature (IQ) vector modulator provides the capability to simultaneously modulate the magnitude and phase of a carrier. This versatile modulation capability is widely used in communications systems to generate signals of minimal spectral width. An accurate and broadband IQ modulator is a valuable part of a general-purpose test-signal generator. This 250 to 4000MHz GaAs FET IQ modulator IC uses an RC and a CR network to create quadrature signals.
Power-SLAM: a linear-complexity, anytime algorithm for SLAM (2011)

In this paper, we present an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based estimator for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with processing requirements that are linear in the number of features in the map. The proposed algorithm, called the Power-SLAM, is based on three key ideas. Firstly, by introducing the Global Map Postponement method, approximations necessary for ensuring linear computational complexity of EKF-based SLAM are delayed over multiple time steps. Then by employing the Power Method, only the most informative of the Kalman vectors, generated during the postponement phase, are retained for updating the covariance matrix. This ensures that the information loss during each approximation epoch is minimized. Next, linear-complexity, rank-2 updates, that minimize the trace of the covariance matrix, are employed to increase the speed of convergence of the estimator. The resulting estimator, in addition to being conservative as compared to the standard EKF, has processing requirements that can be adjusted depending on the availability of computational resources. Lastly, simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm (Power-SLAM) when compared to the standard EKF-based SLAM with quadratic computational cost and two linear-complexity competing alternatives.
Complications of IgA Nephropathy in a Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Model, the Akita Mouse. (2002)

The Akita mouse, which has a mutation (Cys96Tyr) in the insulin 2 gene (Ins2(Akita)), is a model for diabetes. The male Akita mouse has diabetes, while females develop mild diabetes. This study aimed to investigate renal complications in the Akita mouse model, which has been maintained in a heterozygous state Ins2(Akita) (+/-) with a C57BL/6 background (B6). Renal function (BUN, creatinine), serum IgA concentrations and histological changes in the kidneys were evaluated in diabetic and control mice in a B6 background. Five each of male and female mice per group (diabetes vs. control) were killed at 10, 20, 30 and 40 weeks of age. The influence of major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) on renal complications was tested using male diabetic mice in a C3H/He (C3H) background. When compared with controls, diabetic males, but not females, developed impaired renal function with elevation of serum IgA after 30 weeks of age. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis advanced with age in both sexes. Diffuse granular mesangial deposits of IgA were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy in diabetic males after 20 weeks. We tested whether the IgA-associated lesions were influenced by MHC using diabetic males in a C3H background. Similar degrees of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and glomerular IgA deposition were found in mice with C3H and B6 backgrounds. Akita mouse is a unique mouse model showing both mesangial sclerosis and IgA nephropathy.
The Search for Novel TRPV1‐Antagonists: From Carboxamides to Benzimidazoles and Indazolones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of the conceptus on uterine prostaglandin-F2a and prostaglandin-E2 release and synthesis during the periimplantation period in the pig (2009)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the conceptus on uterine prostaglandin-F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) release and the expression of prostaglandin synthase enzymes during the periimplantation period in the pig. A surgically generated model with conceptuses developing in only one of the uterine horns was created. The highest concentration of PGF2alpha and PGE2 was found in the gravid uterine horn, compared with the non-gravid horn and the intact horn of cyclic gilts. Endometrial concentration of both PGs in pregnant gilts was elevated regardless of the conceptus in the uterine horn, whereas only myometrial PGE2 concentration increased during pregnancy. Expression of prostaglandin-E2 synthase (mPGES-1) mRNA in the endometrium was upregulated during the oestrous cycle, while protein expression presented a similar pattern to that of PGE2 concentration in the uterine flushings. Prostaglandin-F2alpha synthase (PGFS) mRNA and protein expression in the endometrium did not differ between pregnancy and oestrous cycle but PGFS mRNA in the myometrium increased during pregnancy both in the gravid and the non-gravid uterine horns. We suggest a local effect of the conceptus on PG release pathways but also a more systemic effect within the whole uterus with regard to PG synthesis and accumulation in uterine tissues.
Induction of Pancreatic Differentiation by Signals from Blood Vessels (2001)

Blood vessels supply developing organs with metabolic sustenance. Here, we demonstrate a role for blood vessels as a source of developmental signals during pancreatic organogenesis. In vitro experiments with embryonic mouse tissues demonstrate that blood vessel endothelium induces insulin expression in isolated endoderm. Removal of the dorsal aorta in Xenopus laevis embryos results in the failure of insulin expression in vivo. Furthermore, using transgenic mice, we show that ectopic vascularization in the posterior foregut leads to ectopic insulin expression and islet hyperplasia. These results indicate that vessels not only provide metabolic sustenance, but also provide inductive signals for organ development.
Audio coding with a dynamic wavelet packet decomposition based on frequency-varying modulated lapped transforms (2002)

Optimum time-frequency decompositions are very useful in audio coding applications, because the signal energy can be maximally concentrated even for the wide variety of audio signal characteristics. Moreover, this signal representation is particularly well suited for a perceptual weighting of the quantization noise. The well known tree structure of cascaded 2-channel filterbanks allows a very flexible optimization, leading to a signal adaptive, dynamic wavelet packet decomposition. A major drawback of this technique are strong spectral side lobes which produce clearly audible aliasing in perceptual coders. We present a new dynamic wavelet packet decomposition, based on modulated lapped transforms, which allows the same flexibility while avoiding the disadvantage mentioned above. We propose a scheme for low bit rate audio coding that efficiently exploits the high energy concentration. This new codec yields excellent audio quality at about 55 kb/s for monophonic signals.
The Effects of B-Sitosterol (BSS) and B-Sitosterol Glucoside (BSSG) Mixture on Selected Immune Parameters of Marathon Runners: Inhibition of Post Marathon Immune Suppression and Inflammation (1999)

A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the intake of capsules containing the plant sterols and sterolins (BSS:BSSG mixture) on selected immune parameters of volunteers participating in an ultra-marathon in Cape Town, South Africa. Those runners having received active capsules (n=9) showed less neutrophilia, lymphopenia and leukocytosis when compared to their counterparts having received placebo capsules (n=8): the placebo treated individuals showed significant increases in their total white blood cell numbers as well as in their neutrophils (p=0.03 and 0.03 respectively). Furthermore, statistically significant increases within lymphocyte subsets were observed in the runners having received the active capsules: CD3+ cells increased (p=0.02) as did CD4+ cells (p=0.03). In parallel, the BSS:BSSG capsules decreased the plasma level of IL6 in the runners using the active capsules (p=0.08) and significantly decreased the cortisol: DHEAs ratio (p=0.03), suggesting that these volunteers had less of an inflammatory response and were less immune suppressed during the post-marathon recovery period. These findings justify further investigations into the use of the phytosterols to prevent the subtle immunosuppression associated with excessive physical stress.
Quality improvement of LPC-processed noisy speech by using spectral subtraction (1989)

Numerous noise-suppression techniques have been developed for operating at the front end of low-bit-rate digital voice terminals. Some of these techniques have been evaluated by standardized intelligibility tests such as the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT). It is well known that the use of a noise suppressor seldom improves the DRT score even though listeners have had the impression that speech quality was enhanced. Unfortunately, noise suppressors have only occasionally been evaluated by standardized quality tests. The authors supplement quality test data for reference purposes. They use the diagnostic acceptability measure (DAM) to evaluate speech quality of the latest 2400-b/s linear-predictive coder (LPC) with a noise suppressor at the front end. They used a spectral subtraction technique for noise suppression. Ten different sets of noisy speech recorded at actual military platforms (such as a helicopter, tank, turboprop, helicopter carrier, or jeep) were input sources. The magnitude of the DAM improvement is substantial: as much as six points on the average, which is large enough to upgrade speech quality somewhat.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cancer cachexia, mechanism and treatment (2015)

It is estimated that half of all patients with cancer eventually develop a syndrome of cachexia, with anorexia and a progressive loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mass. Cancer cachexia is characterized by systemic inflammation, negative protein and energy balance, and an involuntary loss of lean body mass. It is an insidious syndrome that not only has a dramatic impact on patient quality of life, but also is associated with poor responses to chemotherapy and decreased survival. Cachexia is still largely an underestimated and untreated condition, despite the fact that multiple mechanisms are reported to be involved in its development, with a number of cytokines postulated to play a role in the etiology of the persistent catabolic state. Existing therapies for cachexia, including orexigenic appetite stimulants, focus on palliation of symptoms and reduction of the distress of patients and families rather than prolongation of life. Recent therapies for the cachectic syndrome involve a multidisciplinary approach. Combination therapy with diet modification and/or exercise has been added to novel pharmaceutical agents, such as Megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone, ghrelin, omega-3-fatty acid among others. These agents are reported to have improved survival rates as well as quality of life. In this review, we will discuss the emerging understanding of the mechanisms of cancer cachexia, the current treatment options including multidisciplinary combination therapies, as well an update on new and ongoing clinical trials.