gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of human fetal liver miRNAs by a novel method (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short 20-25 nucleotides RNA molecules that have been shown to regulate gene expressions in a variety of eukaryotic systems. miRNAs are widespread in eukaryotes and several hundred of miRNAs have been identified, but still a lot of miRNAs have not been detected in various eukaryotic organisms. However, it is not an easy work to clone miRNAs by traditional methods. Here, we describe the identification of 27 miRNAs from a human fetal liver cDNA library by a novel cloning method. Low molecular weight RNA fraction (< or = 200 nt) from fetal liver tissue was extracted, and polyadenylated by poly(A) polymerase. A 5' RNA adaptor was ligated to poly(A)-tailed RNA using T4 RNA ligase. After reverse transcription, the cDNA was amplified by PCR with two adaptor primers. The PCR product with a size about 109 bp was recovered and cloned into T vector. After sequencing, database searching, and expression profiling, 5 novel miRNAs were discovered among other 22 known miRNAs in human fetal liver. These finding indicate that a large diverse population of miRNAs may function to regulate gene expression in hepatocyte.
In Vivo Analysis of Developmentally and Evolutionarily Dynamic Protein-DNA Interactions Regulating Transcription of the Pgk2 Gene during Mammalian Spermatogenesis (2007)

Transcription of the testis-specific Pgk2 gene is selectively activated in primary spermatocytes to provide a source of phosphoglycerate kinase that is critical to normal motility and fertility of mammalian spermatozoa. We examined dynamic changes in protein-DNA interactions at the Pgk2 gene promoter during murine spermatogenesis in vivo by performing genomic footprinting and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays with enriched populations of murine spermatogenic cells at stages prior to, during, and following transcription of this gene. We found that genes encoding the testis-specific homeodomain factor PBX4 and its coactivator, PREP1, are expressed in patterns that mirror expression of the Pgk2 gene and that these factors become bound to the Pgk2 enhancer in cells in which this gene is actively expressed. We therefore suggest that these factors, along with CREM and SP3, direct stage- and cell type-specific transcription of the Pgk2 gene during spermatogenesis. We propose that binding of PBX4, plus its coactivator PREP1, is a rate-limiting step leading to the initiation of tissue-specific transcription of the Pgk2 gene. This study provides insight into the developmentally dynamic establishment of tissue-specific protein-DNA interactions in vivo. It also allows us to speculate about the events that led to tissue-specific regulation of the Pgk2 gene during mammalian evolution.
AC floating body effects and the resultant analog circuit issues in submicron floating body and body-grounded SOI MOSFET's (1999)

We report the extensive study on ac floating body effects of different SOI MOSFET technologies. Besides the severe kink and resultant noise overshoot and degraded-distortion in partially depleted (PD) floating body SOI MOSFET's, we have investigated the residue ac floating body effects in fully depleted (FD) floating body SOI MOSFET's, and the different body contacts on PD SOI technologies. It is important to note that there is a universal correlation between ac kink effect and Lorentzian-like noise overshoot regardless of whether the body is floating or grounded. In addition, it was found that third-order harmonic distortion is very sensitive to floating body induced kink or deviation on output conductance due to the finite voltage drop of body resistance. These results provide device design guidelines for SOI MOSFET technologies to achieve comparable low-frequency noise and linearity with Bulk MOSFET's.
Interactions of Nitrate and CO2 Enrichment on Growth, Carbohydrates, and Rubisco in Arabidopsis Starch Mutants. Significance of Starch and Hexose (2002)

Wild-type (wt) Arabidopsis plants, the starch-deficient mutant TL46, and the near-starchless mutant TL25 were grown in hydroponics under two levels of nitrate, 0.2 versus 6 mM, and two levels of CO(2), 35 versus 100 Pa. Growth (fresh weight and leaf area basis) was highest in wt plants, lower in TL46, and much lower in TL25 plants under a given treatment. It is surprising that the inability to synthesize starch restricted leaf area development under both low N (N(L)) and high N (N(H)). For each genotype, the order of greatest growth among the four treatments was high CO(2)/N(H) > low CO(2)/N(H), > high CO(2)/N(L), which was similar to low CO(2)/N(L). Under high CO(2)/N(L), wt and TL46 plants retained considerable starch in leaves at the end of the night period, and TL25 accumulated large amounts of soluble sugars, indicative of N-limited restraints on utilization of photosynthates. The lowest ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase per leaf area was in plants grown under high CO(2)/N(L). When N supply is limited, the increase in soluble sugars, particularly in the starch mutants, apparently accentuates the feedback and down-regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, resulting in greater reduction of growth. With an adequate supply of N, growth is limited in the starch mutants due to insufficient carbohydrate reserves during the dark period. A combination of limited N and a limited capacity to synthesize starch, which restrict the capacity to use photosynthate, and high CO(2), which increases the potential to produce photosynthate, provides conditions for strong down-regulation of photosynthesis.
Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions (1999)

We describe a comprehensive framework for performing rapid and automatic nonlabel-based nonlinear spatial normalizations. The approach adopted minimizes the residual squared difference between an image and a template of the same modality. In order to reduce the number of parameters to be fitted, the nonlinear warps are described by a linear combination of low spatial frequency basis functions. The objective is to determine the optimum coefficients for each of the bases by minimizing the sum of squared differences between the image and template, while simultaneously maximizing the smoothness of the transformation using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach. Most MAP approaches assume that the variance associated with each voxel is already known and that there is no covariance between neighboring voxels. The approach described here attempts to estimate this variance from the data, and also corrects for the correlations between neighboring voxels. This makes the same approach suitable for the spatial normalization of both high-quality magnetic resonance images, and low-resolution noisy positron emission tomography images. A fast algorithm has been developed that utilizes Taylor's theorem and the separable nature of the basis functions, meaning that most of the nonlinear spatial variability between images can be automatically corrected within a few minutes.
Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis in rainbow trout by flavone and indole compounds (1984)

Several compounds such as flavonoids, selenium, anti-oxidants and retinoids reportedly reduce the induction of cancer in experimental animals, and some have been suggested to function by affecting the mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system. The following compounds: 50 and 500 p.p.m. β-naphthoflavone (BNF), 1000 p.p.m. flavone, 1000 p.p.m. of a tangeretin-nobilitin mixture, 1000 p.p.m. β-ionone, 1000 p.p.m. indole-3-carbinol (13C) and 2000 p.p.m. quercetin were examined for protection against aflatoxin B, (AFB 1 ) hepatocardnogenesis, induction of the MFO system and metabolism of AFB 1 in rainbow trout. These compounds were fed to fingerting rainbow trout for 8 weeks. At that time the activity of several MFO enzymes and cytochrome P450 content were measured and the trout were exposed for 2 weeks to 20 p.p.b. AFB 1 in the same diets. After feeding the test diets without AFB 1 for another 6 weeks and basal diet for another 52 weeks, the tumor incidence was determined. The effect of BNF and I3C on in vivo binding of AFB 1 to DNA was also measured in separate groups of trout. BNF induced the trout MFO system in a dose-dependent manner, tangeretin-nobilitin was less effective and I3C did not induce. BNF showed significant alterations in the metabolism of AFB 1 to aflatoxicol and aflatoxin M 1 using cell fractions from pretreated fish. None of the other compounds, including I3C showed such an effect. Despite the apparent lack of in vitro effect of I3C, both BNF and I3C reduced AFB 1 - DNA binding in vivo . I3C and BNF provided marked protection against AFB induced hepatocardnogenesis, while the other compounds were less effective. The 58 weeks tumor incidences were 4% for 1000 p.p.m. DC, 6% for 500 p.p.m. BNF and 18% for 50 p.p.m. BNF, compared to 38% for the AFB 1 -positive control. These data demonstrate that gross induction of the MFO system was not necessarily required for alterations in DNA adduct formation in vivo or protection against AFB 1 carcinogenesis. Both BNF and I3C provided marked protection but only BNF induced the MFO system.
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Two-Pump at-Column-Dilution Configuration for Preparative Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Preparative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely used in parallel synthesis schemes to expedite purification. Recently, an alternative sample loading scheme, at column dilution, has been shown to dramatically increase the mass loading capacity of LC-MS purification methods. The prototype system utilized separate sample loading and binary gradient pumps. We report here a configuration for effecting at-column dilution using only the two pumps that provide the binary gradient flow. The advantages of a two-pump configuration are reduced cost, reduced space requirements, simplified control, and reduced service and maintenance issues. The two-pump at-column-dilution configuration is demonstrated for large- and small-scale LC-MS purifications. Purification on scales appropriate for high-throughput parallel synthesis can be achieved with small-scale chromatography using at-column dilution; purification of 20 mg of material is demonstrated using a 4.6 mm x 150 mm column and a flow rate of 3 mL/m. Reducing the scale of chromatography required for LC-MS purification has significant benefits, including the following. It requires less expensive columns, consumes less solvent, generates smaller-volume fractions (shorter dry-down time and the ability to collect into small-volume collector formats, such as 96-well plates), and has the potential for faster separations.
Ruthenium quinoline and quinoxaline complexes: Thermally triggered initiators for ring opening metathesis polymerization (2007)

Olefin metathesis catalysts bearing chelating carbene ligands based on 8-vinylquinoline and 5-vinylquinoxaline were examined as initiators for Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Model-polymerizations with these initiators were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Results revealed a pronounced latency at room temperature and high activity at elevated temperatures. Combined solutions of the initiators and the monomers can even be stored for two weeks at room temperature. While no concomitant polymerization occurred during this time, polymerization of the mixtures took place upon heating.
Over‐expression of a tobacco homeobox gene,NTH15, decreases the expression of a gibberellin biosynthetic gene encoding GA 20‐oxidase (1998)

Ectopic expression of the homeobox gene, NTH15 (Nicotiana tabacum homeobox 15) in transgenic tobacco leads to abnormal leaf and flower morphology, accompanied by a decrease in the content of the active gibberellin, GA1. Quantitative analysis of intermediates in the GA biosynthetic pathway revealed that the step from GA19 to GA20 was blocked in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing NTH15. To investigate the relationship between the expression of NTH15 and genes involved in GA biosynthesis, we isolated three cDNA clones from tobacco encoding two types of GA 20-oxidase and a 3 beta-hydroxylase. RNA gel blot analysis revealed that the expression of one gene (Ntc12, encoding GA 20-oxidase), which in wild-type tobacco plants was abundantly expressed in leaves, was strongly suppressed in the transformants. The expression level of Ntc12 decreased with increasing severity of phenotype of transgenic tobacco leaves. The abnormal leaf morphology was largely overcome by treatment with GA20 or GA1 but not by GA19. These data strongly suggest that overexpression of NTH15 inhibits the expression of Ntc12, resulting in reduced levels of active GA and abnormal leaf morphology in transgenic tobacco plants. In situ hybridization in wild-type tobacco revealed that expression of Ntc12 occurred mainly in the rib meristem, cells surrounding the procambium and in leaf primordia. Expression was not seen in the tunica, corpus and procambium, tissues in which NTH15 was predominantly expressed. The contrasting expression patterns of these genes may reflect their antagonistic functions in the formation of lateral organs from the shoot apical meristem.
Two new monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2) reactive in B5 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues with follicular center and mantle zone human B lymphocytes and derived tumors. (1984)

Two monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2) reactive with B lymphocytes in B5 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections have been produced by utilizing cell extracts from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma SU-DHL-4 cells, respectively. Both monoclonal antibodies were initially identified by indirect immunofluorescence screening techniques on paraformaldehyde-acetone-fixed cell preparations. Specificity screens with 36 well-characterized human lymphoma and leukemia cell lines showed that both LN-1 and LN-2 stained cell lines of B cell lineage but were unreactive with those of T cell or, with one exception, myeloid derivation. Null cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines were found to be LN-2+ but LN-1-. The B cell specificity of these reagents was confirmed on 15 lymphoma and 17 leukemia biopsy specimens by using indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Immunoperoxidase staining of sections from B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded human lymphoid tissues showed that LN-1 bound to the cell membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center cells whereas LN-2 stained the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm of germinal center and mantle zone B lymphocytes as well as interfollicular histiocytes and thymic medullary dendritic cells. Both monoclonal antibodies failed to stain cortical thymocytes, lymph node T cells, and peripheral blood T and myeloid cells. Immunoperoxidase staining of 20 nonlymphoid human organs and tissues revealed that LN-1 reacted positively with red blood cell precursors of the bone marrow, ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchus, distal tubular cells of the kidney, and ductal cells from several organs including the breast and prostate. In contrast, LN-2 was unreactive with all human nonlymphoid organs and tissues including the bone marrow. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of a panel of 26 solid tumor cells lines showed that LN-1 was reactive with the majority of epithelium-derived cell lines, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas but was unreactive with neuroblastomas, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and sarcomas. LN-2 was unreactive with 25 of 26 of the solid tumor cell lines by these techniques. Immunobiochemical studies have shown that LN-1 recognizes a cell surface sialoantigen whereas LN-2 is directed against a 35,000 dalton nuclear membrane protein. Because of their high specificity for B cell tumors and their ability to stain B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, LN-1 and LN-2 are useful reagents for the diagnosis and classification of the human lymphomas and leukemias.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor structure and function in the efferent auditory system (2006)

This article reviews and presents new data regarding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha9 and alpha10. Although phylogentically ancient, these subunits have only recently been identified as critical components of the efferent auditory system and medial olivocochlear pathway. This pathway is important in auditory processing by modulating outer hair cell function to broadly tune the cochlea and improve signal detection in noise. Pharmacologic properties of the functionally expressed alpha9alpha10 receptor closely resemble the cholinergic response of outer hair cells. Molecular, immunohistochemical, and knockout mice studies have added further weight to the role this receptor plays in mediating the efferent auditory response. Alternate and complementary mechanisms of outer hair cell efferent activity might also be mediated through the nAChR alpha9alpha10, either through secondary calcium stores, second messengers, or direct protein-protein interactions. We investigated protein-protein interactions using a yeast-two-hybrid screen of the nAChR alpha10 intracellular loop against a rat cochlear cDNA library. Among the identified proteins was prosaposin, a precursor of saposins, which have been shown to act as neurotrophic factors in culture, can bind to a putative G0-coupled cell surface receptor, and may be involved in the prevention of cell death. This study and review suggest that nAChR alpha9alpha10 may represent a potential therapeutic target for a variety of ear disorders, including preventing or treating noise-induced hearing loss, or such debilitating disorders as vertigo or tinnitus.
Combining Dosimetry for Targeted Radionuclide and External Beam Therapies Using the Biologically Effective Dose (2003)

It is not uncommon for a patient to receive both external beam and targeted radionuclide therapy during the course of a cancer treatment. The total dose received by the tumor and by normal tissues will therefore be subject to the contributions of both treatment modalities. However, the two treatments are generally applied independently of one another, with little attention paid to the combined effect. With the availability of patient-specific three-dimensional dosimetry for radionuclide therapies, it is pertinent now to consider the combined effect of the two treatments, and to investigate how dosimetry for this situation may be carried out. Methodology has been developed to allow a combination of dose information from the two types of therapy. The biologically effective dose (BED) has been employed to address the issue of inequivalence of biological effect of the two therapies. Dose distributions have been represented as distributions of BED, and the net effect resulting from the combination of these two therapies demonstrated through a combination of BED maps. Examples are presented of cases in which this analysis of a combined therapy provides a more favorable treatment than either therapy alone. For one patient the ratio of the mean spinal cord dose to the mean CTV dose was calculated for both an external beam therapy alone and for a combined therapy and was found to be 0.40 and 0.16, respectively.
A focused electric spark source for non-contact stress wave excitation in solids (2013)

A focused electric spark is used as a non-contact acoustic source to excite stress waves in solids. The source consists of an electric spark source located at the near focus of an ellipsoidal reflector that focuses the acoustic disturbance generated by the spark source to the far focal point. Experimental studies using both contact and non-contact sensors indicate that the source has the capability to excite the Rayleigh surface wave and impact-echo mode (S1-zero-group-velocity Lamb mode) in a 250 mm thick concrete slab and to enable fully air-coupled testing of concrete specimens.
Functional magnetic stimulation of expiratory muscles: a noninvasive and new method for restoring cough (1998)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) for producing expiratory function in normal human subjects. Twelve able-bodied normal subjects were recruited for this study. FMS of the expiratory muscles was performed by using a magnetic stimulator and placing the magnetic coil along the lower thoracic spine. Results showed that peak expired pressure, volume, and flow rate generated by FMS at the end of normal inspiration (102.5 +/- 13.62 cmH2O, 1.6 +/- 0.16 liters, and 4.8 +/- 0.35 l/s, respectively) were comparable to their voluntary maximal levels (P > 0.1). The optimal coil placement was between T7 and T11, and the optimal stimulation parameters were a frequency of 25 Hz and 70-80% of maximal intensity. We conclude that 1) FMS of the lower thoracic nerves in normal subjects resulted in a significant expiratory function comparable to their voluntary maximum; 2) FMS was noninvasive and was well tolerated by all subjects; and 3) FMS may be useful to produce cough in patients in critical care or perioperative settings, or in patients with neurological disorders.
True MRI assessment of stem cell chondrogenesis in a tissue engineered matrix (2014)

Developing a non-invasive method to monitor the growth of tissue-engineered cartilage is of utmost importance for tracking the progress and predicting the success or failure of tissue-engineering approaches. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a leading non-invasive technique suitable for follow-through in preclinical and clinical stages. As complex tissue-engineering approaches are being developed for cartilage tissue engineering, it is important to develop strategies for true non-invasive MRI monitoring that can take into account contributions of the scaffold, cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) using MR parameters. In the current study, we present the preliminary MRI assessment of chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived stem cells seeded onto a specially designed osteochondral matrix system. We performed water relaxation times (T1 and T2) MRI measurements at 7, 14 and 28 days after cell seeding. The MRI experiments were performed for the tissue-engineered cartilage as well as for acellular scaffolds. We identified that the contribution of the scaffold is the dominant contribution in MR parameters of engineered cartilage and that it hinders observation of the tissue growth. An attempt is made to filter out this contribution, for the first time, in order to make a true observation of tissue growth using MRI.
Hydrosilylation catalyzed by metal colloids: a relative activity study (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrosilylation catalyzed by metal colloids: a relative activity studyLarry N. Lewis and Richard J. UriarteCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 3, 621–625Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00117a015https://doi.org/10.1021/om00117a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views803Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts