gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Coordination Networks with Fluorinated Backbones. Remarkable Ability for Induced-Fit Enclathration of Organic Molecules (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFlexible Coordination Networks with Fluorinated Backbones. Remarkable Ability for Induced-Fit Enclathration of Organic MoleculesKayoko Kasai, Masaru Aoyagi, and Makoto FujitaView Author Information Department of Chemistry Miyagi University of Education Aobaku, Sendai 980, Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST) Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9, 2140–2141Publication Date (Web):February 23, 2000Publication History Received19 July 1999Published online23 February 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992553jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992553jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1559Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cavities,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Molecules,Solvates Get e-Alerts
Satellite constellation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite global communication network using optical intersatellite links (1995)

As a new constellation for global satellite communication networks applying optical inter- satellite links, a double-layered low earth orbit satellite constellation with two different altitudes is proposed. In the lower layer, several hundred satellites operating as links for user terminals are arranged. The upper layer contains several tens of satellites that relay data from the lower layer satellites to other satellites or earth-based gateway stations. The satellites deployed in the lower layer can be simplified and miniaturized, because their only function is to link small earth-based terminals and they have only three inter-satellite link terminals. The satellites in the upper layer are complex and heavy, but only a small number of them required. Orbital parameters and inter-satellite link parameters are evaluated in the constellation. Also, special features of this constellation compared with usual constellations with a single altitude are shown.
Survey of Prokinetic Use in Horses with Gastrointestinal Injury (2004)

Although prokinetics are commonly used for management of POI in horses there is clearly a need for more controlled studies to define efficacious dosing and a need to develop new prokinetic drugs.
Glycosylation and stabilization of programmed death ligand-1 suppresses T-cell activity (2016)

Extracellular interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) leads to tumour-associated immune escape. Here we show that the immunosuppression activity of PD-L1 is stringently modulated by ubiquitination and N-glycosylation. We show that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) interacts with PD-L1 and induces phosphorylation-dependent proteasome degradation of PD-L1 by β-TrCP. In-depth analysis of PD-L1 N192, N200 and N219 glycosylation suggests that glycosylation antagonizes GSK3β binding. In this regard, only non-glycosylated PD-L1 forms a complex with GSK3β and β-TrCP. We also demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stabilizes PD-L1 via GSK3β inactivation in basal-like breast cancer. Inhibition of EGF signalling by gefitinib destabilizes PD-L1, enhances antitumour T-cell immunity and therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 blockade in syngeneic mouse models. Together, our results link ubiquitination and glycosylation pathways to the stringent regulation of PD-L1, which could lead to potential therapeutic strategies to enhance cancer immune therapy efficacy.
A Critical Role for Macrophages in Promotion of Urethane-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis (2011)

Macrophages have established roles in tumor growth and metastasis, but information about their role in lung tumor promotion is limited. To assess the role of macrophages in lung tumorigenesis, we developed a method of minimally invasive, long-term macrophage depletion by repetitive intratracheal instillation of liposomal clodronate. Compared with controls treated with repetitive doses of PBS-containing liposomes, long-term macrophage depletion resulted in a marked reduction in tumor number and size at 4 mo after a single i.p. injection of the carcinogen urethane. After urethane treatment, lung macrophages developed increased M1 macrophage marker expression during the first 2-3 wk, followed by increased M2 marker expression by week 6. Using a strategy to reduce alveolar macrophages during tumor initiation and early promotion stages (weeks 1-2) or during late promotion and progression stages (weeks 4-16), we found significantly fewer and smaller lung tumors in both groups compared with controls. Late-stage macrophage depletion reduced VEGF expression and impaired vascular growth in tumors. In contrast, early-stage depletion of alveolar macrophages impaired urethane-induced NF-κB activation in the lungs and reduced the development of premalignant atypical adenomatous hyperplasia lesions at 6 wk after urethane injection. Together, these studies elucidate an important role for macrophages in lung tumor promotion and indicate that these cells have distinct roles during different stages of lung carcinogenesis.
Population genetic implications from sequence variation in four Y chromosome genes (2000)

Some insight into human evolution has been gained from the sequencing of four Y chromosome genes. Primary genomic sequencing determined gene SMCY to be composed of 27 exons that comprise 4,620 bp of coding sequence. The unfinished sequencing of the 5' portion of gene UTY1 was completed by primer walking, and a total of 20 exons were found. By using denaturing HPLC, these two genes, as well as DBY and DFFRY, were screened for polymorphic sites in 53-72 representatives of the five continents. A total of 98 variants were found, yielding nucleotide diversity estimates of 2.45 x 10(-5), 5. 07 x 10(-5), and 8.54 x 10(-5) for the coding regions of SMCY, DFFRY, and UTY1, respectively, with no variant having been observed in DBY. In agreement with most autosomal genes, diversity estimates for the noncoding regions were about 2- to 3-fold higher and ranged from 9. 16 x 10(-5) to 14.2 x 10(-5) for the four genes. Analysis of the frequencies of derived alleles for all four genes showed that they more closely fit the expectation of a Luria-Delbrück distribution than a distribution expected under a constant population size model, providing evidence for exponential population growth. Pairwise nucleotide mismatch distributions date the occurrence of population expansion to approximately 28,000 years ago. This estimate is in accord with the spread of Aurignacian technology and the disappearance of the Neanderthals.
Steam generation under one sun enabled by a floating structure with thermal concentration (2016)

Abstract Harvesting solar energy as heat has many applications, such as power generation, residential water heating, desalination, distillation and wastewater treatment. However, the solar flux is diffuse, and often requires optical concentration, a costly component, to generate the high temperatures needed for some of these applications. Here we demonstrate a floating solar receiver capable of generating 100 ∘C steam under ambient air conditions without optical concentration. The high temperatures are achieved by using thermal concentration and heat localization, which reduce the convective, conductive and radiative heat losses. This demonstration of a low-cost and scalable solar vapour generator holds the promise of significantly expanding the application domain and reducing the cost of solar thermal systems.
Highly Scalable Saddle-Fin (S-Fin) Transistor for Sub-50nm DRAM Technology (2006)

Highly scalable saddle-fin cell transistor(S-Fin) has been successfully developed by combining FinFET with recess channel array transistor(RCAT). The S-Fin is simply integrated by dry-etching techniques and the desirable threshold voltage is easily obtained. The S-Fin exhibits feasible transistor characteristics such as excellent short channel effect, driving current, and refresh characteristics as compared with both RCAT and damascene-FinFET. We suggest the S-Fin is a very promising transistor structure for the sub-50nm DRAM technology
General Ray-Tracing Procedure† (1962)

Computing formulas are presented for tracing skew rays through optical systems containing cylindrical and toric surfaces of arbitrary orientation and position. Particular attention is given to the treatment of diffraction gratings and a vector form of the diffraction law is suggested.
VEGF and Delta-Notch: interacting signalling pathways in tumour angiogenesis (2008)

Tumour angiogenesis has become an important target for antitumour therapy, with most current therapies aimed at blocking the VEGF pathway. However, not all tumours are responsive to VEGF blockers, and some tumours that are responsive initially may become resistant during the course of treatment, thus there is a need to explore other angiogenesis signalling pathways. Recently, the Delta-Notch pathway, and particularly the ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4), was identified as a new target in tumour angiogenesis. An important feature in angiogenesis is the manifold ways in which the VEGF and Delta-Notch pathways interact. The emerging picture is that the VEGF pathway acts as a potent upstream activating stimulus for angiogenesis, whereas Delta-Notch helps to guide cell fate decisions that appropriately shape the activation. Here we review the two signalling pathways and what is currently known about the ways in which they interact during tumour angiogenesis.
Interaction of clavulanate with the β-lactamases of Streptomyces albus G and Actinomadura R39 (1982)

The reactions of beta-lactamases of Actinomadura R39 and Streptomyces albus G with clavulanate proceed along branched pathways. Both enzymes perform the hydrolysis of this beta-lactam with rather high efficiencies (kcat. = 18s-1 and 52s-1 respectively). If large clavulanate/enzyme ratios are used, complete inactivation of the enzymes is observed. At lower ratios, inactivation is only partial. Irreversible inactivation occurs after 400 and 20000 turnovers for the A. R39 and S. albus G enzymes respectively. With the A. R39 beta-lactamase, a transiently inhibited complex is also formed that remains undetectable with the S. albus G beta-lactamase. Kinetic models are presented and studied for the interaction between clavulanate and both enzymes. A tentative general reaction scheme is also discussed.
Carboxypeptidase activity in the insulin secretory granule (1983)

Carboxypeptidase activity was studied in subcellular fractions from a transplantable rat insulinoma and found to be localised principally in the insulin secretory granule. The activity, which was specific for peptide substrates with C-terminal basic amino acids, appeared to be a single enzyme with Mr 54000. This enzyme differed with respect to size and pH optimum from other basic amino acid-specific carboxypeptidases, such as carboxypeptidases B and N, and may be a secretory granule-specific enzyme involved in propolypeptide processing.
Rhabdovirus Evasion of the Interferon System (2009)

The family Rhabdoviridae contains important pathogens of humans, livestock, and crops, including the insect-transmitted vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and the neurotropic rabies virus (RV), which is directly transmitted between mammals. In spite of a highly similar organization of RNA genomes, proteins, and virus particles, cell biology of VSV and RV is divergent in several aspects, particularly with respect to their interplay with the cellular host defense. While infection with both rhabdoviruses is recognized via viral triphosphate RNAs by the cytoplasmic RNA helicase/translocase RIG-I, the viral counteractions to limit the response are contrasting. VSV infection is characterized by a rapid general shutdown of host gene expression and severe cytopathic effects, due to multiple activities of the matrix (M) protein affecting host polymerase functions and mRNA nuclear export, and by rapid and high-level virus replication. In contrast, RV spread and transmission relies on preserving the integrity of host cells, particularly of neurons. While a general cell shutdown by RV M is not observed, RV phosphoprotein (P) has developed independent functions to interfere with activation of IRFs and with STAT signaling. The molecular mechanisms employed are different from those of the paramyxovirus P gene products serving similar functions, and illustrate evolution of IFN antagonists to specifically support virus survival in the natural niches.
Mild hypothermia cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs (1991)

Background and Methods. This study was designed to explore the effect of mild cerebral and systemic hypothermia (34°C) on outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs. After ventricular fibrillation with no flow of 10 min, and standard external CPR with epi-nephrine (low flow) from ventricular fibrillation time of 10 to 15 min, defibrillation and restoration of spontaneous normotension were between ventricular fibrillation time of 16 and 20 min. This procedure was followed by controlled ventilation to 20 hr postarrest and intensive care to 72 hr postarrest. In control group 1 (n = 10), core temperature was 37.5°C; in control group 2 (n = 10), cooling was started immediately after restoration of spontaneous normotension; and in group 3 (n = 10), cooling was initiated with start of CPR. Cooling was by clinically feasible methods. Results. Best overall performance categories achieved (1 = normal; 5 = brain death) were better in group 2 (p = .012) and group 3 (p = .005) than in group 1. Best neurologic deficit scores were 36 ± 14% in group 1, 22 ± 15% in group 2 (p = .02), and 19 ± 18% in group 3 (p = .01). Brain histopathologic damage scores were also lower (better) in groups 2 (p = .05) and 3 (p = .03). Myocardial damage was the same in all three groups. Conclusion. Mild cerebral hypothermia started during or immediately after external CPR improves neurologic recovery. (Crit Care Med 1991; 19:379)
PD-1 as an Immune Modulatory Receptor (2014)

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inducible immune modulatory receptor. Upon interaction with its ligands B7 homolog 1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), PD-1 plays important roles in negative regulation of T cell responses to antigen stimulation and maintaining peripheral tolerance. In addition to the inducible expression pattern on conventional T cells, PD-1 is also found on regulatory T cells, follicular T and B cells, and antigen-presenting cells including activated dendritic cells and monocytes. Therefore, PD-1 may have a much broader functionality than expected in negative regulation of multiple arms of immune responses. In addition to cancer therapy, the manipulation of PD-1 and its ligands may hold great promise for therapeutic applications also in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
Validation of the ICDA Model for Predicting Body Core Temperature (2008)

The Initial Capability Decision Aide (ICDA) model of thermoregulation utilizes a minimum number of non-invasive input data to predict body core temperature (Tc), unlike other models requiring more complex inputs, and employs a unique algorithm to estimate metabolic rate from heart rate ratio (exercise HR: resting HR) and dry-bulb temperature (Tdb). Validity tests of ICDA have been limited to shorter duration (<3 h) exercise. PURPOSE: To validate the ICDA model prediction of Tc using 8 h exercise data under a variety of environmental conditions and metabolic rates. METHODS: Eighteen subjects (17 men, 1 woman, age 22±4 yrs, height 177±4 cm, mass 80±13 kg) performed intermittent (60 min work: 20 min rest) treadmill exercise at metabolic rates of either ∼235 or ∼175 W/m2 and Tdb of 20, 27, 35 or 40°C. Tc was measured using an ingestible telemetry pill. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Bland-Altman technique, in which the proportion of predictions within 0.20°C (sum of telemetry pill error and normal gastrointestinal variability) of zero error was calculated for each individual from data obtained every 10 min during the 8 h exposures. RESULTS: The proportion of predicted values ±0.20°C of zero error were as follows: 40°C/181 W/m2: 48%; 35°C/233 W/m2: 72%; 35°C/ 176 W/m2: 54%; 27°C/236 W/m2: 57%; 27°C/ 173 W/m2: 48%; 20°C/ 230 W/m2: 62%. There was considerable inter- and intra-individual variability, as the model predicted Tc within 0.20°C of zero error less than 14% of the time for one subject; for another subject the model predicted Tc within 0.20°C of zero error at least 81% of the 8 h exposure time. When the range around zero error was increased to ±0.30°C, model prediction was within acceptable limits 59-92% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the ICDA accurately predicts group mean Tc 48-72% of the time during long duration exercise, but significant individual variability is present.
Transcriptional and Biochemical Analysis of Starch Metabolism in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (2006)

Pyrococcus furiosus utilizes starch and its degradation products, such as maltose, as primary carbon sources, but the pathways by which these alpha-glucans are processed have yet to be defined. For example, its genome contains genes proposed to encode five amylolytic enzymes (including a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase [CGTase] and amylopullulanase), as well as two transporters for maltose and maltodextrins (Mal-I and Mal-II), and a range of intracellular enzymes have been purified that reportedly metabolize maltodextrins and maltose. However, precisely which of these enzymes are involved in starch processing is not clear. In this study, starch metabolism in P. furiosus was examined by biochemical analyses in conjunction with global transcriptional response data for cells grown on a variety of glucans. In addition, DNA sequencing led to the correction of two key errors in the genome sequence, and these change the predicted properties of amylopullulanase (now designated PF1935*) and CGTase (PF0478*). Based on all of these data, a pathway is proposed that is specific for starch utilization that involves one transporter (Mal-II [PF1933 to PF1939]) and only three enzymes, amylopullulanase (PF1935*), 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (PF0272), and maltodextrin phosphorylase (PF1535). Their expression is upregulated on starch, and together they generate glucose and glucose-1-phosphate, which then feed into the novel glycolytic pathway of this organism. In addition, the results indicate that several hypothetical proteins encoded by three gene clusters are also involved in the transport and processing of alpha-glucan substrates by P. furiosus.
Multicomponent polymers containing poly(lactic acid) (1996)

Deferoxamine (DFO) is one of the most potent iron ion complexing agent belonging to a class of trihydroxamic acids. The extremely high stability constant of the DFO-Fe complex (log β = 30.6) prompts the use of deferoxamine as a targeted receptor for scavenging Fe(III) ions. The following study aimed at deferoxamine immobilization on three different supports: poly(methyl vinyl ether-<i>alt</i>-maleic anhydride), silica particles, and magnetite nanoparticles, leading to a class of hybrid materials exhibiting effectiveness in ferric ion adsorption. The formed deferoxamine-loaded hybrid materials were characterized with several analytical techniques. Their adsorptive properties toward Fe(III) ions in aqueous samples, including pH-dependence, isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic experiments, were investigated. The materials were described with high values of maximal adsorption capacity <i>q</i> <sub>m</sub>, which varied between 87.41 and 140.65 mg g<sup>-1</sup>, indicating the high adsorptive potential of the DFO-functionalized materials. The adsorption processes were also described as intense, endothermic, and spontaneous. Moreover, an exemplary magnetically active deferoxamine-modified material has been proven for competitive <i>in vitro</i> binding of ferric ions from the biological complex protoporphyrin IX-Fe(III), which may lead to a further examination of the materials' biological or medical applicability.
Long-term self-renewal and directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions (2006)

Chemically defined medium (CDM) conditions for controlling human embryonic stem cell (hESC) fate will not only facilitate the practical application of hESCs in research and therapy but also provide an excellent system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying self-renewal and differentiation, without the multiple unknown and variable factors associated with feeder cells and serum. Here we report a simple CDM that supports efficient self-renewal of hESCs grown on a Matrigel-coated surface over multiple passages. Expanded hESCs under such conditions maintain expression of multiple hESC-specific markers, retain the characteristic hESC morphology, possess a normal karyotype in vitro, as well as develop teratomas in vivo. Additionally, several growth factors were found to selectively induce monolayer differentiation of hESC cultures toward neural, definitive endoderm/pancreatic and early cardiac muscle cells, respectively, in our CDM conditions. Therefore, this CDM condition provides a basic platform for further characterization of hESC self-renewal and directed differentiation, as well as the development of novel therapies.
Photo-Switched Storage and Release of Guest Molecules in the Pore Void of Coumarin-Modified MCM-41 (2003)

A photoresponsive coumarin derivative was grafted on the pore outlet of Si−MCM-41. Irradiation of UV light longer than 310-nm wavelength to this coumarin-modified MCM-41 induced the photodimerization of coumarin to close the pore outlet with cyclobutane dimer. Guest molecules such as phenanthrene neither can enter nor escape from the one-dimensional, isolated, individual pores of MCM-41. On the other hand, the irradiation to the dimerized-coumarin-modified MCM-41 with shorter wavelength UV light around 250 nm regenerates the coumarin monomer derivative by the photocleavage of cyclobutane dimer, and guest molecules included inside are released from the pore void. For the first time, this intermolecular reversible photodimerization−cleavage cycle realized photo-switched storage and release of guest molecules from coumarin-modified MCM-41. Coumarin-modified MCM-41 prepared using tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant was able to store 21.6 wt % of phenanthrene as guest molecule after photodimerization and washing with n-hexane. Among the four different methods studied for the modification by the coumarin derivative, a grafting procedure with as-synthesized MCM-41 for short reaction time was found to be the most effective for the dense attachment of coumarin-derived monomer at the pore outlets of MCM-41, which is essential for effective storage−release controlled release.