gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emotional memory and psychopathology (1997)

A leading model for studying how the brain forms memories about unpleasant experiences is fear conditioning. A cumulative body of work has identified major components of the neural system mediating this form of learning. The pathways involve transmission of sensory information from processing areas in the thalamus and cortex to the amygdala. The amygdala's lateral nucleus receives and integrates the sensory inputs from the thalamic and cortical areas, and the central nucleus provides the interface with motor systems controlling specific fear responses in various modalities (behavioural, autonomic, endocrine). Internal connections within the amygdala allow the lateral and central nuclei to communicate. Recent studies have begun to identify some sites of plasticity in the circuitry and the cellular mechanisms involved in fear conditioning. Through studies of fear conditioning, our understanding of emotional memory is being taken to the level of cells and synapses in the brain. Advances in understanding emotional memory hold out the possibility that emotional disorders may be better defined and treatment improved.
In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking (2001)

In the present study we investigated in vivo length changes in the fascicles and tendon of the human gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle during walking. The experimental protocol involved real-time ultrasound scanning of the GM muscle, recording of the electrical activity of the muscle, measurement of knee- and ankle-joint rotations, and measurement of ground reaction forces in six men during walking at 3 km h(-1) on a treadmill. Fascicular lengths were measured from the sonographs recorded. Musculotendon complex length changes were estimated from anatomical and joint kinematic data. Tendon length changes were obtained combining the musculotendon complex and fascicular length-change data. The fascicles followed a different length-change pattern from those of the musculotendon complex and tendon throughout the step cycle. Two important features emerged: (i) the muscle contracted near-isometrically in the stance phase, with the fascicles operating at ca. 50 mm; and (ii) the tendon stretched by ca. 7 mm during single support, and recoiled in push-off. The behaviour of the muscle in our experiment indicates consumption of minimal metabolic energy for eliciting the contractile forces required to support and displace the body. On the other hand, the spring-like behaviour of the tendon indicates storage and release of elastic-strain energy. Either of the two mechanisms would favour locomotor economy
Radiolabeled-Antibody Therapy of B-Cell Lymphoma with Autologous Bone Marrow Support (1993)

High-dose radioimmunotherapy with 131I-labeled antibodies is associated with a high response rate in patients with B-cell lymphoma in whom antibody biodistribution is favorable.
Asymmetric boron-catalyzed reactions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric boron-catalyzed reactionsLaurent. Deloux and Morris. SrebnikCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 2, 763–784Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00018a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00018a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4255Altmetric-Citations437LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the use of hydrophobic probes in the chromatographic purification of solid-phase-synthesized peptides (1995)

A strategy for the reversed-phase chromatographic purification of solid-phase-synthesized peptides is described and illustrated by the synthesis of a 23-mer model peptide; the target peptide is distinguished from terminated by-products by the attachment of a hydrophobic probe to the resin-bound peptide.
The selective carotid arterial vasoconstrictor action of GR43175 in anaesthetized dogs (1989)

1. GR43175 is a highly selective agonist at 5-HT1-like receptors in the dog saphenous vein. This study describes the haemodynamic effects of GR43175 in barbitone-anaesthetized dogs. 2. GR43175 (1-1000 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) produced dose-dependent decreases in carotid arterial blood flow with little or no change in arterial blood pressure. The decrease in blood flow was associated with an increase in carotid arterial vascular resistance. In preliminary studies, the dose of GR43175 producing 50% of the maximum carotid vasoconstrictor response was 39 +/- 8 micrograms kg-1, i.v. 3. In comparative regional haemodynamic studies, GR43175 (1-1000 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) had little effect on total peripheral resistance or resistance in the mesenteric, vertebral and coronary arterial vascular beds. Low doses of GR43175 decreased, whilst high doses (100 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and above) increased femoral arterial vascular resistance. GR43175 (1-1000 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) had no effect on respiratory inflation pressure. In doses of 100 micrograms kg-1 i.v. and above, GR43175 caused small decreases in heart rate. 4. The carotid arterial vasoconstrictor action of GR43175 was resistant to antagonism by the 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT3 receptor and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs, ketanserin, MDL72222 and phentolamine respectively, but could be antagonized by the non-selective 5-HT1-like receptor blocking drug methiothepin. Methiothepin had no effect on the carotid vasoconstrictor action of the thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619. 5. The results demonstrate that GR43175 produces a selective vasoconstriction in the carotid arterial circulation of anaesthetized dogs via activation of 5-HT1-like receptors, which appear similar to those mediating contraction of the dog isolated saphenous vein.
Signal transduction from membrane to cytoplasm: growth factors and membrane-bound oncogene products increase Raf-1 phosphorylation and associated protein kinase activity. (1988)

We have examined the phosphorylation and the serine/threonine-specific kinase activity of the protooncogene product Raf-1 (formerly c-raf) in response to oncogenic transformation or growth-factor treatment of mouse 3T3 cells. Expression of the membrane-bound oncogene products encoded by v-fms, v-src, v-sis, polyoma virus middle-sized tumor antigen, and Ha-ras increased the apparent molecular weight and phosphorylation of the Raf-1 protein, while expression of the nuclear oncogene and protooncogene products encoded by v-fos and c-myc did not. Changes in electrophoretic mobility and phosphorylation occurred rapidly in response to treatment of cells with platelet-derived growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but not insulin. The phosphorylation of the Raf-1 protein occurred primarily on serine and threonine residues. However, a subpopulation of Raf-1 molecules was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in cells transformed by v-src or stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor. Transformation by v-src, or treatment with platelet-derived growth factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, activated the Raf-1-associated serine/kinase activity as measured in immune-complex kinase assays. These findings suggest that proliferative signals generated at the membrane result in the phosphorylation of the Raf-1 protein and the activation of its serine/threonine kinase activity. Raf-1 activation may thus serve to transduce signals from the membrane to the cytoplasm and perhaps on to the nucleus.
Chemical Methods of DNA and RNA Fluorescent Labeling (1996)

Several procedures have been described for fluorescent labeling of DNA and RNA. They are based on the introduction of aldehyde groups by partial depurination of DNA or oxidation of the 3'-terminal ribonucleoside in RNA by sodium periodate. Fluorescent labels with an attached hydrazine group are efficiently coupled with the aldehyde groups and the hydrazone bonds are stabilized by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. Alternatively, DNA can be quantitatively split at the depurinated sites with ethylenediamine. The aldimine bond between the aldehyde group in depurinated DNA or oxidized RNA and ethylenediamine is stabilized by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride and the primary amine group introduced at these sites is used for attachment of isothiocyanate or succinimide derivatives of fluorescent dyes. The fluorescent DNA labeling can be carried out either in solution or on a reverse phase column. These procedures provide simple, inexpensive methods of multiple DNA labeling and of introducing one fluorescent dye molecule per RNA, as well as quantitative DNA fragmentation and incorporation of one label per fragment. These methods of fluorophore attachment were shown to be efficient for use in the hybridization of labeled RNA, DNA and DNA fragments with oligonucleotide microchips.
Perception-based image transcoding for universal multimedia access (2002)

We propose a novel scheme for generating transcoded (e.g. scaled and cropped) image to fit the size of the respective client display when an image is transmitted to a variety of client devices with different display sizes. The scheme has two key components: (i) perceptual hint for each image block, and (ii) an image transcoding algorithm. For a given semantically important block in an image, the perceptual hint provides the information on the minimum allowable spatial resolution reduction. The image transcoding algorithm that is basically a content adaptation process selects the best image representation to meet the client capabilities while delivering the largest content value. The content value is defined as a quantitative measure of the information on importance and spatial resolution for the transcoded version of an image. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme with a variety of client devices having different display sizes.
Task-oriented generation of visual sensing strategies (2002)

In vision-guided robotic operations, vision is used for extracting necessary information for achieving the task. Since visual sensing is usually performed with limited resources, visual sensing strategies should be planned so that only necessary information is obtained efficiently. This paper describes a method of systematically generating visual sensing strategies based on knowledge of the task to be performed. The generation of the appropriate visual sensing strategy entails knowing what information to extract, where to get it, and how to get it. This is facilitated by the knowledge of the task, which describes what objects are involved in the operation, and how they are assembled. Our method has been implemented using a laser range finder as the sensor. Experimental results show the feasibility of the method, and point out the importance of task-oriented evaluation of visual sensing strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Phosphorylation and Activation of Human Cdc25-C at the G2/M Phase Transition in HeLa Cells (1999)

The human tyrosine phosphatase (p54(cdc25-c)) is activated by phosphorylation at mitosis entry. The phosphorylated p54(cdc25-c) in turn activates the p34-cyclin B protein kinase and triggers mitosis. Although the active p34-cyclin B protein kinase can itself phosphorylate and activate p54(cdc25-c), we have investigated the possibility that other kinases may initially trigger the phosphorylation and activation of p54(cdc25-c). We have examined the effects of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase II) on p54(cdc25-c). Our in vitro experiments show that CaM kinase II can phosphorylate p54(cdc25-c) and increase its phosphatase activity by 2.5-3-fold. Treatment of a synchronous population of HeLa cells with KN-93 (a water-soluble inhibitor of CaM kinase II) or the microinjection of AC3-I (a specific peptide inhibitor of CaM kinase II) results in a cell cycle block in G2 phase. In the KN-93-arrested cells, p54(cdc25-c) is not phosphorylated, p34(cdc2) remains tyrosine phosphorylated, and there is no increase in histone H1 kinase activity. Our data suggest that a calcium-calmodulin-dependent step may be involved in the initial activation of p54(cdc25-c).
A Single Mutation in the 5-HT4 Receptor (5-HT4-R D100(3.32)A) Generates a Gs-coupled Receptor Activated Exclusively by Synthetic Ligands (RASSL) (2003)

To better understand G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) signaling, cellular and animal physiology, as well as gene therapy, a new tool has recently been proposed. It consists of GPCR mutants that are insensitive to endogenous ligands but sensitive to synthetic ligands. These GPCRs are called receptor activated solely by synthetic ligands (RASSL). Only two examples of such engineered receptors have been described so far: one G(i)-coupled (opioid receptors) and one G(s)-coupled (beta(2)-adrenergic receptors). Here, we describe the first RASSL related to serotonin receptors (D100(3.32)A G(s)-coupled 5-HT(4) receptor or 5-HT(4)-RASSL). 5-HT(4)-RASSL is generated by a single mutation, is totally insensitive to serotonin (5-HT), and still responds to synthetic ligands. These ligands have affinities in the range of nanomolar concentrations for the mutant receptor and exhibit full efficacy. More interestingly, two synthetic ligands behave as antagonists on the wild type but as agonists on the 5-HT(4)-RASSL.
Identification of new human repetitive sequences: characterization of the corresponding cDNAs and their expression in embryonal carcinoma cells (1989)

We have identified new repeated interspersed DNA sequences by analysis of homologous RNA transcripts from a human teratocarcinoma cell line (NTERA-2 clone D1). The abundance of transcripts varies upon retinoic acid induced differentiation of NTERA-2/D1 cells, and it is highest when the cells display the embryonal carcinoma phenotype. The expression of these novel repeated sequences appears to be tissue specific as no detectable expression was found in various cell lines of different embryological derivation. Characterization of the RNA transcripts by analysis of recombinant cDNA clones indicated that transcripts of different genomic units are present in undifferentiated embryonal teratocarcinoma cells. Nucleotide sequencing of the cloned cDNAs reveals a complex structure composed by unique and tandemly repeated sub-elements.
Artificial hybrid protein containing a toxic protein fragment and a cell membrane receptor-binding moiety in a disulfide conjugate. I. Synthesis of diphtheria toxin fragment A-S-S-human placental lactogen with methyl-5-bromovalerimidate. (1977)

In order to study the mechanism of entry of plant seed and bacterial toxins into mammalian cells, methods have been developed to synthesize artificial protein hybrid conjugates containing a moiety which binds to a cell membrane receptor and an active fragment of a toxin protein. Utilizing methyl-5-bromovalerimidate, a disulfide cross-linked conjugate of human placental lactogen (hPL) and diphtheria toxin fragment A (toxin A) was synthesized. The reagent was prepared from 5-bromovaleryl nitrile by Pinner synthesis and then used to amidinate hPL. The bromo group thus introduced was converted to S-sulfonate by nucleophilic displacement with 1 M aqueous sodium thiosulfate at room temperature overnight. The S-sulfonated hPL reacted readily with the-SH gorup of reduced toxin A to form a 1 mol/mol of disulfide conjugate in high yield. Thus when reduced toxin A was incubated with a 4-fold excess of the hPL S-sulfonate at 4 degrees and pH 6.5 for 120 h, a conjugate yield of 50% relative to the toxin A input was obtained. Homopolymer formation was negligible and the product was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Purity of the conjugate estimated by quantitative analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels was 90%. The toxin A-hPL conjugate retained the activities of both toxin A and hPL, as reported in the accompanying paper. This method of preparing protein hybrid conjugates appeared to have advantages over previous methods utilizing bifunctional reagents with respect to both yield and freedom from homopolymer formation.
Biochemistry of natural rubber, a vital raw material, emphasizing biosynthetic rate, molecular weight and compartmentalization, in evolutionarily divergent plant species (1963 to 2000) (2001)

Covering: 1963–2000
Self-Efficacy in Sleep Apnea: Instrument Development and Patient Perceptions of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk, Treatment Benefit, and Volition to Use Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (2003)

These findings indicate that the SEMSA has strong psychometric properties and has the potential for identifying patient perceptions that may indicate those most likely to not adhere to treatment.
A spacer patterning technology for nanoscale CMOS (2002)

A spacer patterning technology using a sacrificial layer and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) spacer layer has been developed, and is demonstrated to achieve sub-7 nm structures with conventional dry etching. The minimum-sized features are defined not by the photolithography but by the CVD film thickness. Therefore, this technology yields critical dimension (CD) variations of minimum-sized features much smaller than that achieved by optical or e-beam lithography. In addition, it also provides a doubling of device density for a given lithography pitch. This method is used to pattern silicon fins for double-gate metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) (FinFETs) and gate electrode structures for ultrathin body MOSFETs. Process details are presented.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Tissue Repair (2005)

There are several characteristics of stem cells that make them unique in&#13;\ncomparison with other mammalian cells. First, they exist as unspecialized cells&#13;\nlacking tissue-specific characteristics and they maintain this undifferentiated&#13;\nphenotype until exposed to appropriate signals. Second, they have the capacity&#13;\nfor extensive self-renewal. Third, under the influence of local biological signals&#13;\nthey can differentiate into specialized cells with a phenotype fully distinct from&#13;\nthat of the precursor. Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow apparently&#13;\nconform to this definition. These cells, as their name implies, are the precursors of&#13;\ncells of mesenchymal lineage, including cartilage, bone, fat, muscle, and tendon.&#13;\nThey are easily isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue and from several&#13;\nother sources. At this point we have an incomplete understanding of the regulation&#13;\nof differentiation, commitment, and plasticity of the mesenchymal cell population&#13;\nisolated from marrow. We can identify several of the signals that activate the cells&#13;\nto differentiate along specific cell pathways and we can describe the phenotype of&#13;\nthe fully differentiated cells, but we understand little of the intermediate steps. In&#13;\naddition, we know nothing about the reversibility of these pathways or the ability&#13;\nof differentiated cells to revert to a stem cell phenotype. Nor do we understand&#13;\ntransdifferentiation or the ability of cells to differentiate horizontally from one&#13;\nlineage to another. Furthermore, there is little clarity surrounding the niche, or&#13;\ntissue-specific microenvironment, in which the cells reside. Despite the lack of&#13;\nunderstanding of these cells and their natural history, it is clear that they have&#13;\ntherapeutic potential in a broad variety of clinical applications. There are many&#13;\ndisease targets for which mesenchymal stem cell therapy is being assessed in both&#13;\npreclinical and clinical studies. This article assesses our current understanding of&#13;\nthe natural history of mesenchymal cell populations in marrow and other tissues, their control, proliferation, and differentiation, and attempts to assess accurately&#13;\nthe status of their therapeutic evaluation in different diseases.
cDNA clones for the heavy chain of HLA-DR antigens obtained after immunopurification of polysomes by monoclonal antibody. (1982)

A monoclonal antibody (HC 2.1) directed against the separated heavy chain of HLA-DR has been prepared. By binding HC 2.1 to polysomes from human B lymphoblastoid cells followed by the use of a protein A-Sepharose column as an immunoadsorbent, we have purified the mRNA coding for the HLA-DR heavy chain nearly to homogeneity. The immunopurified mRNA has been used to prepare labeled cDNA with which to probe cDNA libraries. Double-stranded cDNA was also made from the immunopurified mRNA and cloned directly into pBR322. Two clones, one from each of the above procedures, positively selected DR heavy chain message as assayed by cell-free translation and immunoprecipitation. One clone, pDRH-2 [500 base pairs plus 75 base pairs of poly(A)] contains the entire 3' untranslated region as well as coding information for the carboxy-terminal hydrophilic intracellular domain and part of the hydrophobic transmembrane region. Results of carboxypeptidase digestion of the heavy chains from detergent-solubilized (p34) and papain-treated (p33) HLA-DR antigen were consistent with the predicted protein sequence. Specific immunopurification of polysomes by defined monoclonal antibodies followed by direct cloning of cDNA to the highly purified mRNA is a powerful method for obtaining identified cDNA clones.
Proteomic characterization of inter‐alpha inhibitor proteins from human plasma (2006)

Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IaIp) are a family of structurally related serine protease inhibitors found in relatively high concentrations in human plasma. Recent studies have implicated a role for IaIp in sepsis, and have demonstrated their potential as biomarkers in sepsis and cancer. For characterization of isolated IaI proteins and contaminating proteins during the last steps of the purification process, SELDI-TOF MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used. After separation by SDS-PAGE or 2-DE, polypeptide bands of 80, 125 and 250 kDa were excised from gels and digested by trypsin. The tryptic peptides were analyzed by both MS methods. The main contamination during the purification process, a band of 80 kDa, contains mainly IaIp heavy chain (HC) H3. HC H1 and H2 were also found in this band. In addition, some vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and inhibitors and other plasma proteins were identified. The 125-kDa band, representing the pre-alpha inhibitor, was found to contain both bikunin and HC H3. The presence of other HC H1, H2 and the recently described HC H4 was also detected by SELDI-TOF MS. The presence of HC H1, H2, and H3 in the 125-kDa band was confirmed by ESI-MS/MS, but not the presence of the H4. Three polypeptides, H1 and H2 together with bikunin, were identified in the 250-kDa band, representing the ITI, by both MS techniques. Once again, the presence of H4 was detected in this band only by SELDI-TOF MS, but the number of corresponding peptides was still not sufficient for final identification of this polypeptide. The importance of the application of proteomic methods for the proper evaluation of therapeutic drugs based on human plasma is discussed.