gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Line Monitoring of the Density of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene in a Real Plant by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics (2004)

This paper reports on-line monitoring of the density of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. The on-line monitoring was carried out not only in a laboratory but also in a real plant. We composed an on-line monitoring system for molten polymers consisting of a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer, input/output (I/O) module, a personal computer, and a sampling cell that we developed. We first compared NIR spectra of LLDPE in the solid and melt states and then developed calibration models that predict the density using partial least squares regression (PLS). The sample sets for developing prediction models were collected for three months at the plant, and the density of LLDPE was continuously monitored on-line for another three months using the model. The standard error of prediction (SEP) for the on-line monitoring of the density of LLDPE at the plant was +/-2.1 mg/cm(3) (range: 0.91-0.95 g/cm(3)).
Targeting IFN-α to B Cell Lymphoma by a Tumor-Specific Antibody Elicits Potent Antitumor Activities (2007)

IFN-alpha, a cytokine crucial for the innate immune response, also demonstrates antitumor activity. However, use of IFN-alpha as an anticancer drug is hampered by its short half-life and toxicity. One approach to improving IFN-alpha's therapeutic index is to increase its half-life and tumor localization by fusing it to a tumor-specific Ab. In the present study, we constructed a fusion protein consisting of anti-HER2/neu-IgG3 and IFN-alpha (anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha) and investigated its effect on a murine B cell lymphoma, 38C13, expressing human HER2/neu. Anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha exhibited potent inhibition of 38C13/HER2 tumor growth in vivo. Administration of three daily 1-microg doses of anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha beginning 1 day after tumor challenge resulted in 88% of the mice remaining tumor free. Remarkably, anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha demonstrated potent activity against established 38C13/HER2 tumors, with complete tumor remission observed in 38% of the mice treated with three daily doses of 5 microg of the fusion protein (p = 0.0001). Ab-mediated targeting of IFN-alpha induced growth arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma cells contributing to the antitumor effect. The fusion protein also had a longer in vivo half-life than rIFN-alpha. These results suggest that IFN-alpha Ab fusion proteins may be effective in the treatment of B cell lymphoma.
Reduced lysyl oxidase activity in skin fibroblasts from patients with Menkes' syndrome (1980)

Lysyl oxidase activity against both collagen and elastin substrates has been examined in the culture medium of skin fibroblasts derived from unrelated patients with Menkes' syndrome and from control subjects. The medium of three Menkes' fibroblast lines showed 3--30% of the activity present in the medium of control fibroblasts, against a purified collagen substrate. Lysyl oxidase activity in the culture medium of two of the Menkes' fibroblast lines was also examined by using a crude aortic-elastin substrate and was similarly decreased in comparison with that in the medium of control fibroblasts. Lysyl oxidase activity in the medium of a fourth fibroblast line, derived from a foetus with Menkes' syndrome, was 42% of that in the medium of control fibroblasts derived from a 1-day-old baby against a collagen substrate, and 26% of that in control fibroblast medium against an elastin substrate. The copper content of the cell layers of the Menkes' fibroblast cultures was elevated in comparison with normal fibroblast cultures, as has previously been reported to be characteristic of such cells. It is suggested that the decrease in lysyl oxidase activity would help to explain the connective tissue defects observed in Menkes' syndrome, and that this reduction, in conjunction with the elevated concentrations of cellular copper, would support the hypothesis that a functional intracellular copper deficiency exists in Menkes' syndrome.
Implementation of process and surface inspection system for semiconductor wafer stress measurement (2008)

In this paper, firstly we made of the rapid thermal processor equipment with the specifically useful structure to measure wafer stress. Secondly we made of the laser interferometry to inspect the wafer surface curvature based on the large deformation theory. And then the wafer surface fringe image was obtained by experiment, and the full field stress distribution of wafer surface comes into view by signal processing with thining and pitch mapping. After wafer was ground by 1mm and polished from the back side to get easily deformation, and it was heated by three to four times thermal treatments at about 1000 degree temperature. Finally the severe deformation between wafer before and after the heat treatment was shown.
Role of epidermal growth factor receptor and STAT-3 activation in autonomous proliferation of SUM-102PT human breast cancer cells. (1997)

This report describes the isolation and characterization of a new human breast cancer cell line, SUM-102PT, obtained from a minimally invasive human breast carcinoma. SUM-102PT cells have a near diploid karyotype, and early-passage cells had minor chromosomal abnormalities including a 5, 12 and a 6, 16 reciprocal translocation. The cells were isolated and have been continually cultured in three defined media, one of which contains exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF). SUM-102PT cells have also been carried in an EGF-free medium supplemented with progesterone. All SUM-102PT cells require EGF receptor (EGFR) activation for continuous growth, because incubation of the cells with EGFR-neutralizing antibodies or with EGFR kinase inhibitors blocks growth of these cells. Southern analysis indicates that the EGFR gene is not amplified in these cells; however, these cells express high levels of EGFR mRNA. Thus, SUM-102PT is representative of a class of human breast cancers characterized by high level EGFR expression in the absence of gene amplification. SUM-102PT cells cultured in EGF-free, progesterone-containing medium express high levels of constitutively active EGFR. Conditioned medium from SUM-102PT cells contains an EGF-like mitogen that binds to a heparin-agarose affinity matrix with high affinity. Northern analysis for various EGF family members indicates that SUM-102PT cells synthesize heparin binding (HB)-EGF mRNA. HB-EGF protein is detectable on the surface of these cells by immunohistochemistry, and SUM-102PT cells are killed by diphtheria toxin, which acts by binding to HB-EGF. Furthermore, HB-EGF antibodies partially neutralize the mitogenic activity of the conditioned medium. Thus, EGFR activation in SUM-102PT cells is mediated, at least in part, by autocrine/juxtacrine stimulation by HB-EGF. SUM-102PT cells also express constitutively active STAT-3 homodimers. Constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT-3 homodimers were also detected in another breast cancer cell line, MDA468, which has an EGFR amplification and also has constitutive EGFR activity. Thus, SUM-102PT is a new human breast cancer cell line that expresses activated EGFR as a result of an autocrine/juxtacrine interaction with HB-EGF which, in turn, results in activation of STAT-3.
Incorporation of an Artificial Protease and Nuclease at the HIV-1 Tat Binding Site of Trans-activation Responsive RNA (1996)

The synthesis of a C-5 modified uridine phosphoramidite which contains a primary amino group protected with Fmoc is described. During cleavage and deprotection of chemically synthesized RNA, the Fmoc protecting group is removed to yield a free amino group at a predetermined position in the RNA sequence that can be covalently modified with any reporter group, small structural probes, and biological molecules. This modified uridine phosphoramidite was used to incorporate a reactive primary amino group at position 24 in the HIV-1 Tat binding site of a trans-activation responsive (TAR) RNA sequence during chemical syntheses. Modified RNA phosphoramidite was incorporated into RNA oligomers with more than 97% coupling efficiencies. RNA containing modified uridine was cleaved from the support, deprotected, and desalted according to standard procedures. After deprotection and gel purification, nuclease digestion and HPLC analysis were performed to confirm the incorporation of C-5-aminouridine into the RNA sequence. The effect of modified uridine on TAR RNA structure was analyzed by CD spectroscopy and protein binding assays. Site-specific incorporation of EDTA was accomplished by treating primary amine bearing TAR RNA with an isothiocyanato derivative of nitrobenzyl-EDTA.
Antiplatelet Drugs (2011)

In the normal course of the delivery of care, anesthesiologists encounter many patients who are receiving drugs that affect platelet function as a fundamental part of primary and secondary management of atherosclerotic thrombotic disease. There are several antiplatelet drugs available for use in clinical practice and several under investigation. Aspirin and clopidogrel (alone and in combination) have been the most studied and have the most favorable risk-benefit profiles of drugs currently available. Prasugrel was recently approved for patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous interventions. Other drugs such as dipyridamole and cilostazol have not been as extensively investigated. There are several newer investigational drugs such as cangrelor and ticagrelor, but whether they confer significant additional benefits remains to be established. Management of patients who are receiving antiplatelet drugs during the perioperative period requires an understanding of the underlying pathology and rationale for their administration, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions. Furthermore, the risk and benefit assessment of discontinuing or continuing these drugs should be made bearing in mind the proposed surgery and its inherent risk for bleeding complications as well as decisions relating to appropriate use of general or some form of regional anesthesia. In general, the safest approach to prevent thrombosis seems to be continuation of these drugs throughout the perioperative period except where concerns about perioperative bleeding outweigh those associated with the development of thrombotic occlusion. Knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antiplatelet drugs may allow practitioners to anticipate difficulties associated with drug withdrawal and administration in the perioperative period including the potential for drug interactions.
Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in human breast cancer (1997)

Expression of the inducible isoform of the cyclooxygenase gene (PGHS-2, COX-2) which codes for the enzyme that catalyzes formation of prostaglandins, was detected in 13/13 human breast tumors of high grade but not in samples of normal breast tissue. There was a statistically significant linear association between COX-2 gene expression and high (>50%) tumor cell density (p<0.01), with COX-2 protein localized to tumor cells. These results indicate that COX-2 gene expression may be useful as a molecular biomarker for human breast tumors and may also predict sensitivity to treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Australia in the International Polar Year (2008)

Australian Antarctic research made huge advances and exciting new discoveries in the first season of the International Polar Year (IPY). The IPY officially runs from March 2007 until March 2009, to enable one full year of research to be conducted at both poles.
Systematic mapping of hearts from chronic chagasic patients: the association between the occurrence of histopathological lesions andTrypanosoma cruziantigens (2000)

To investigate the role played by Trypanosoma cruzi in the pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiopathy, the myocardiums of 12 hearts from individuals who had this condition were mapped in detail. Attempts were made to associate the histopathological lesions observed with the presence of parasitic antigens in the affected tissue. Samples from 26 regions of each heart were submitted to histological analysis and immunostained for the presence of T. cruzi. All cases showed at least one positive region for antigens, but the quantity of antigen detected varied greatly. The regions showing the greatest pathological changes were the inferior atrial septum, the basal and apical portions of the ventricular septum, and the posterior basal and lateral pre-apical regions of the left ventricle. The posterior wall of the right atrium and the posterior basal wall of the left ventricle presented the greatest intensities of inflammation. Fibrosis was intense in the right atrium, the posterior basal and pre-apical left ventricular free walls and the apex. The regions in which T. cruzi antigens were detected showed the most intense inflammation. However, as there was no significant correlation between the intensity of the lesions and the quantity of parasitic antigen, other mechanisms, such as auto-immunity or hypersensitivity, may stimulate the inflammation.
Kermas for various substances averaged over the energy spectra of fast neutron therapy beams: A study in uncertainties (1983)

Kermas for various substances averaged over the energy spectra of fast neutron therapy beams, as well as ratios of average kermas relative to muscle, were calculated in an attempt to estimate the uncertainties introduced in these quantities by the poor knowledge of the elemental kerma functions, actual neutron energy spectra, and composition of tissues and other materials. Average kermas have uncertainties of the order of 7%-25%, while for ratios of average kermas the uncertainties are of the order of 2%-5% for materials of clinical interest. It is concluded that the ratio of average kerma of muscle to A-150 tissue-equivalent plastic should be 0.93 +/- 0.03 for the new p + Be clinical neutron beams.
Characterization of a novel human papillomavirus DNA in the cervical carcinoma cell line ME180 (1991)

The human cervical carcinoma cell line ME180 was examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and RNA. The integrated DNA of a presumably new HPV type showing a relationship closer to HPV39 than to HPV18 was cloned and sequenced. HPV sequences from the E6-E7-E1 region are expressed as poly(A)+ RNAs.
Rituximab in Relapsing and Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review (2013)

Four studies with a total of 599 patients were included. One assessed the efficacy of rituximab for primary progressive (PP) MS while the other three focused on relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. In the PPMS study, rituximab delayed time to confirmed disease progression (CDP) in pre-planned sub-group analyses. The increase in T2 lesion volume was lower in the rituximab group at week 96 compared with placebo. For the RRMS studies, an open-label phase I study found that rituximab reduced the annualized relapse rate to 0.25 from pre-therapy baseline to week 24, while in the randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial, annualized relapse rates were 0.37 in the rituximab group and 0.84 in the placebo group (p = 0.04) at week 24. Rituximab dramatically reduced the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions on brain MRI scans for both RRMS studies. Off-label rituximab as an add-on therapy in patients with breakthrough disease on first-line agents was associated with an 88% reduction when comparing the mean number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions prior to and after the treatment. Although frequent adverse events classified as mild or moderate occurred in up to 77% of the patients, there were no grade 4 infusion-related adverse events. AUTHOR’S CONCLUSION: Despite the frequent mild/moderate adverse events related to the drug, rituximab appears overall safe for up to 2 years of therapy and has a substantial impact on the inflammatory disease activity (clinical and/or radiological) of RRMS. The effect of rituximab on disease progression in PPMS appears to be marginal.
ClpX, an alternative subunit for the ATP-dependent Clp protease of Escherichia coli. Sequence and in vivo activities. (1993)

The ATP-dependent Clp protease of Escherichia coli consists of two subunits, the ClpP subunit, which has the proteolytic active site, and ClpA, which possesses ATPase activity and activates the proteolytic activity of ClpP in vitro. Recently, Zylicz and co-workers (Wojtkowiak, D., Georgopoulos, C., and Zylicz, M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22609-22617) identified another E. coli protein that activated ATP-dependent degradation of lambda O protein in the presence of ClpP. The amino-terminal sequence of this protein corresponds to the translated amino-terminal sequence of a gene that we have named clpX. clpX encodes a protein with M(r) 46,300, similar to that observed for the protein purified by Wojtkowiak et al. clpX is an operon with clpP; both genes are cotranscribed in a single heat-inducible 2200-base mRNA, with clpP the promoter proximal gene. The sequence of ClpX includes a single consensus ATP-binding site motif and has limited homology to regions of ClpA and other members of the ClpA/B/C family. A third group of proteins, ClpY, closely related to ClpX, has been identified by sequence homology. Mutations in either clpX or clpP abolish degradation of the highly unstable lambda O protein in vivo. clpX mutants are not defective in degradation of previously identified ClpA/ClpP substrates such as a ClpA-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. It appears that selectivity of degradation by ClpP in vivo is determined by interaction of ClpP with different regulatory ATPase subunits.
Potentiation of Cationic Liposome-Mediated Gene Delivery by Polycations (1996)

We discovered that several high molecular weight cationic polymers, such as poly(L-lysine) and protamine, can enhance the transfection efficiency of several types of cationic liposomes by 2-28-fold in a number of cell lines in vitro. Small polycations such as spermine and a cationic decapeptide derived from SV40 T-antigen were only moderately active. The addition of poly(L-lysine) and protamine dramatically reduced the particle size of the complex formed between DNA and cationic liposomes and rendered DNA resistant to the nuclease activity. The complexes composed of DNA, poly(L-lysine), and cationic lipids were purified from an excess of free liposomes with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Purified complex formed at low cationic liposome ratio was poor in lipid content and only had weak transfection activity. Addition of free liposome to the purified complex significantly enhanced the transfection activity. In contrast, complexes formed at a higher initial ratio of liposome to DNA had a higher lipid content and were highly active in transfection; the activity was about 3-9-fold more active than the corresponding complex before purification. Negative stain EM studies revealed that the most active complexes prepared from 40 nmol of lipid, 0.5 micrograms of poly(L-lysine), and 1 microgram of DNA and purified by gradient ultracentrifugation were spherical, electron dense, small (< 100 nm in diameter) particles, and some of them were associated with lipid membranes. These highly active, stable, small-sized lipid/poly(L-lysine)/DNA complexes represent a new class of nonviral gene delivery vehicles that might be useful in gene therapy.
Nucleotide sequence of the full length cDNA encoding for human type II procollagen (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the full length cDNA encoding for human type II procollagen Get access Ming-Wan Su, Ming-Wan Su 1Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, Mt Sinai School of MedicinePO Box 1128A, New York, NY 10029, USA2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Health Science Center at BrooklynBrooklyn, NY 11209, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brendan Lee, Brendan Lee 1Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, Mt Sinai School of MedicinePO Box 1128A, New York, NY 10029, USA2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Health Science Center at BrooklynBrooklyn, NY 11209, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francesco Ramirez, Francesco Ramirez * 1Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, Mt Sinai School of MedicinePO Box 1128A, New York, NY 10029, USA *To whom correspodence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mirta Machado, Mirta Machado 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical SchoolP0 Box 20708, Houston, TX 77025, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Horton William Horton 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical SchoolP0 Box 20708, Houston, TX 77025, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 22, 25 November 1989, Page 9473, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.22.9473 Published: 25 November 1989 Article history Accepted: 18 October 1989 Published: 25 November 1989
P2X7 deficiency attenuates hypertension and renal injury in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension (2012)

The P2X(7) receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, and genetic variations in the P2X(7) gene significantly affect blood pressure. P2X(7) receptor expression is associated with renal injury and inflammatory diseases. Uninephrectomized wild-type (WT) and P2X(7)-deficient (P2X(7) KO) mice were subcutaneously implanted with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) pellets and fed an 8% salt diet for 18 days. Their blood pressure was assessed by a telemetry system. The mice were placed in metabolic cages, and urine was collected for 24 h to assess renal function. After 18 days of DOCA-salt treatment, P2X(7) mRNA and protein expression increased in WT mice. Blood pressure in P2X(7) KO mice was less than that of WT mice (mean systolic blood pressure 133 ± 3 vs. 150 ± 2 mmHg). On day 18, urinary albumin excretion was lower in P2X(7) KO mice than in WT mice (0.11 ± 0.07 vs. 0.28 ± 0.07 mg/day). Creatinine clearance was higher in P2X(7) KO mice than in WT mice (551.53 ± 65.23 vs. 390.85 ± 32.81 μl·min(-1)·g renal weight(-1)). Moreover, renal interstitial fibrosis and infiltration of immune cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells, and leukocytes) were markedly attenuated in P2X(7) KO mice compared with WT mice. The levels of IL-1β, released by macrophages, in P2X(7) KO mice had decreased dramatically compared with that in WT mice. These results strongly suggest that the P2X(7) receptor plays a key role in the development of hypertension and renal disease via increased inflammation, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic target.
Well-Defined Binuclear Chiral Spiro Copper Catalysts for Enantioselective N–H Insertion (2011)

An asymmetric N-H insertion of α-diazoesters with anilines catalyzed by well-defined copper complexes of chiral spiro bisoxazoline ligands was studied in detail. The copper-catalyzed asymmetric N-H insertion of a wide range of α-alkyl-α-diazoacetates with anilines was accomplished with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) and provided an efficient method for the preparation of optically active α-amino acid derivatives. A correlation study of the electronic properties of the substrates with the enantioselectivity of the N-H insertion reaction supports a stepwise insertion mechanism, and the significant first-order kinetic isotope effect proves that the proton transfer is most likely the rate-limiting step. A binuclear chiral spiro copper catalyst having 14-electron copper centers, a trans coordination model, a perfect C(2)-symmetric chiral pocket, and significant Cu-Cu interaction was isolated and extensively studied. The novel structure of the binuclear chiral spiro copper catalyst leads to unique reactivity as well as enantioselectivity in the N-H insertion reaction.