gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volume conductor model of transcutaneous electrical stimulation with kilohertz signals (2014)

The model may be used for prediction of motor thresholds in TES, and contributes to the understanding of high-frequency TES.
Miniature wideband stacked microstrip patch antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal geometry (2002)

The main interest in the design of a miniature microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is its small size in conjunction with the well-known advantages of a MPA (cost, profile, weight). However there is a big constraint on the bandwidth limitation either in a miniature antenna or in a MPA. The proposed solution to overcome such problem is to couple a miniature parasitic resonator to the miniature active patch forming a wideband small stacked microstrip patch antenna.
Aging Genes: The Sirtuin Story Unravels (2011)

Work that pinpointed the control of aging in a handful of genes is being taken apart by some of the scientists who made early discoveries. Efforts to replicate studies are producing conflicting results.
Microrobots for Micrometer-Size Objects in Aqueous Media: Potential Tools for Single-Cell Manipulation (2000)

Conducting polymers are excellent materials for actuators that are operated in aqueous media. Microactuators based on polypyrrole-gold bilayers enable large movement of structures attached to these actuators and are of particular interest for the manipulation of biological objects, such as single cells. A fabrication method for creating individually addressable and controllable polypyrrole-gold microactuators was developed. With these individually controlled microactuators, a micrometer-size manipulator, or microrobotic arm, was fabricated. This microrobotic arm can pick up, lift, move, and place micrometer-size objects within an area of about 250 micrometers by 100 micrometers, making the microrobot an excellent tool for single-cell manipulation.
On optimal multi-resolution scalar quantization (2003)

Any scalar quantizer of 2/sup h/ bins, where h is a positive integer, can be structured by a balanced binary quantizer tree T of h levels. Any pruned subtree /spl tau/ of T corresponds to an operational rate R(/spl tau/) and distortion D(/spl tau/) pair. Denote by S/sub n/ the set of all pruned subtrees of n leaf nodes, 1/spl les/n/spl les/2/sup h/. We consider the problem of designing a 2/sup h/-bin scalar quantizer that minimizes the weighted average distortion D~=/spl Sigma//sub n=1//sup 2(h)/ D(/spl tau/)W(n), where W(n) is a weighting function in the size of pruned subtrees (or the resolution of the underlying quantizer). We present an O(hN/sup 3/) algorithm to solve the underlying optimization problem (N is the number of points of the histogram that represents the source probability mass function), and call the resulting quantizer optimal multi-resolution scalar quantizer in the sense that it minimizes a global distortion measure averaged over all quantization resolutions of T. Interestingly, a similar quantizer design problem studied by Brunk et al. (1996) is a special case of our formulation, and can thus be solved exactly and efficiently using our algorithm. Furthermore, we present an algorithm to generate a sequence of 2/sup h/ nested pruned subtrees of T, from the root of T to the entire tree T itself, which minimizes an expected distortion over a range of operational rates. The resulting nested pruned subtree sequence generates an optimized embedded (rate-distortion scalable) code stream with maximum granularity of 2/sup h/ quantization stages, as opposed to existing successively refinable quantizers, such as the popular bit-plane coding scheme, which offer only h stages.
A comparison of silver stain and SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain with respect to protein detection in two-dimensional gels and identification by peptide mass profiling (2000)

Proteomic projects are often focused on the discovery of differentially expressed proteins between control and experimental samples. Most laboratories choose the approach of running two-dimensional (2-D) gels, analyzing them and identifying the differentially expressed proteins by in-gel digestion and mass spectrometry. To date, the available stains for visualizing proteins on 2-D gels have been less than ideal for these projects because of poor detection sensitivity (Coomassie blue stain) or poor peptide recovery from in-gel digests and mass spectrometry (silver stain), unless extra destaining and washing steps are included in the protocol. In addition, the limited dynamic range of these stains has made it difficult to rigorously and reliably determine subtle differences in protein quantities. SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain is a novel, ruthenium-based fluorescent dye for the detection of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels that has properties making it well suited to high-throughput proteomics projects. The advantages of SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain relative to silver stain demonstrated in this study include a broad linear dynamic range and enhanced recovery of peptides from in-gel digests for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
Direct stimulation of cells expressing receptors for macrophage colony- stimulating factor (CSF-1) by a plasma membrane-bound precursor of human CSF-1 (1990)

Secreted forms of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) are generated by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound glycoprotein precursors. Alternatively spliced transcripts of the human CSF-1 gene encode at least two different transmembrane precursors that are differentially processed in mammalian expression systems. The larger precursor rapidly undergoes proteolysis to yield the secreted growth factor and does not give rise to forms of CSF-1 detected on the cell surface. By contrast, the smaller human CSF-1 precursor is stably expressed on the plasma membrane where it is inefficiently cleaved to release a soluble molecule. To determine whether the smaller precursor is biologically active on the cell surface, mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing the different forms of human CSF-1 were killed by chemical fixation and tested for their ability to support the proliferation of cells that require this growth factor. Only fixed cells expressing human CSF-1 precursors on their surface stimulated the growth in vitro of a murine macrophage cell line or normal mouse bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes. The ability of these nonviable fibroblasts to induce the proliferation of CSF-1-dependent cells was not mediated by release of soluble growth factor, required direct contact with the target cells, and was blocked by neutralizing antiserum to CSF-1. These results demonstrate that the cell surface form of the human CSF-1 precursor is biologically active and indicate that plasma membrane-bound growth factors can functionally interact with receptor-bearing targets by direct cell-cell contact.
Fissile material disposition program final immobilization form assessment and recommendation (1997)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), in its role as the lead laboratory for the development of plutonium immobilization technologies for the Department of Energy`s Office of Fissile Materials Disposition (MD), has been requested by MD to recommend an immobilization technology for the disposition of surplus weapons- usable plutonium. The recommendation and supporting documentation was requested to be provided by September 1, 1997. This report addresses the choice between glass and ceramic technologies for immobilizing plutonium using the can-in-canister approach. Its purpose is to provide a comparative evaluation of the two candidate technologies and to recommend a form based on technical considerations.
CTLA4Ig TREATMENT AMELIORATES THE LETHALITY OF MURINE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE ACROSS MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX BARRIERS (1994)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a pathological condition associated with BMT, results from activation of donor T lymphocytes by host tissues. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally related T cell receptors for members of the B7 (CD80) gene family, which transmit important costimulatory signals for T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Here we have investigated the effects of CTLA4Ig, a soluble form of CTLA-4, on lethal GVHD in a murine model. Lethal GVHD was induced by transfer of parent C57BL/6 bone marrow and spleen cells into lethally irradiated (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 recipients. Short courses of treatment with CTLA4Ig did not block engraftment, but prolonged survival of BMT recipients even when administration was delayed for 6 days after transplantation. CTLA4Ig-treated survivors of GVHD maintained body weight and did not exhibit visible signs of GVHD. However, treatment regimens that maximally prolonged survival did not detectably prevent T cell-mediated hematological abnormalities associated with GVHD, including pancytopenia and abnormal cellular composition of the spleen. Our data thus show that the lethality of acute GVHD in this model system is more dependent upon CD28/CTLA-4 costimulation than are other GVHD-associated abnormalities, and can be blocked for an extended period by brief treatment with CTLA4Ig.
Phorbol esters induce angiogenesis in vitro from large‐vessel endothelial cells (1987)

We have shown previously that the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces capillary endothelial cells grown on the surface of three-dimensional collagen gels to invade the underlying matrix as capillary-like tubular structures, a phenomenon mimicking angiogenic processes that occur in vivo (Montesano and Orci: Cell 42:469, 1985). To establish whether the potential to invade the extracellular matrix as capillary-like sprouts is restricted to microvascular endothelial cells or is also shared by large vessel endothelium, we have examined the response to PMA of endothelial cells isolated from the human umbilical vein and the calf pulmonary artery. The results of these experiments show that both types of macrovascular endothelial cells are able to penetrate into collagen gels as vessel-like tubes following treatment with PMA. This demonstrates that endothelial cells derived from large vessels can, in response to appropriate signals, express invasive properties thought to be associated specifically with capillary endothelial cells in vivo.
Gulliver-A Framework for Building Smart Speech-Based Applications (2007)

Speech recognition has matured over the past years to the point that companies can seriously consider its use. However, from a developer's perspective we observe that speech input is rarely used in mobile application development, not even if it allowed users to work with their devices more flexibly. This stems partly from the fact that programming speech-enabled applications is tedious, because there is insufficient framework and tool support. This paper describes a component-based framework that uniformly supports development of multimodal applications on heterogeneous devices, ranging from laptop PCs to mobile phones. It especially focuses on distributed components (each performing a single step in speech recognition) to enable speech recognition on any type of device. Moreover, it describes how to develop and integrate different user interfaces for one application (voice-only, graphical-only, and multimodal) in a model-driven development approach, to minimize development and maintenance costs
Cover Picture: Enhancing β3‐Peptide Bundle Stability by Design (ChemBioChem 7/2011) (2011)

The cover picture shows the structure of a β-peptide bundle protein whose stability was improved by optimizing salt-bridge interactions on the bundle surface. There is considerable current interest in the design of higher-order, non-proteinaceous assemblies possessing defined oligomeric states, as these have potential as nanomaterials and catalysts. We reported previously that certain β3-peptides self-assemble spontaneously in aqueous solution into discrete bundles of defined stoichiometry (β-peptide bundles) whose kinetic and thermodynamic metrics are virtually indistinguishable from those of natural proteins. Here we show that the stability of a β-peptide bundle can be tuned by controlling the length of a solvent-exposed surface salt-bridge interaction. Combined with previous work on the roles of internal packing residues, these results provide another critical step in the bottom-up assembly of β-peptides with defined sizes, reproducible structures, and sophisticated function. For more information see the paper by A. Schepartz, et al. on p. 1035 ff.
Therapy with monoclonal antibodies. II. The contribution of Fc gamma receptor binding and the influence of C(H)1 and C(H)3 domains on in vivo effector function. (1998)

An in vivo model is used to define Fc motifs engaged by mAbs to deplete target cells. Human IgG1 and human IgG4 were very potent, and mutations within a motif critical for Fc gammaR binding (glutamate 233 to proline, leucine/phenylalanine 234 to valine, and leucine 235 to alanine) completely prevented depletion. Mouse IgG2b was also potent, and mutations to prevent complement activation did not impair depletion with this isotype, as previously shown for human IgG1. In contrast, a mutation that impaired binding to mouse Fc gammaRII (glutamate 318 to alanine) eliminated effector function of mouse IgG2b and also reduced the potency of human IgG4. To reveal potential contributions of domains other than C(H)2, domain switch mutants were created between human IgG1 and rat IgG2a. Two hybrid mAbs were generated with potencies exceeding anything previously seen in this model. While their mechanism of depletion was not defined, their activity appeared dependent upon interdomain interactions in the Fc region.
Inverse metabolic engineering: A strategy for directed genetic engineering of useful phenotypes (2002)

The classical method of metabolic engineering, identifying a rate-determining step in a pathway and alleviating the bottleneck by enzyme overexpression, has motivated much research but has enjoyed only limited practical success. Intervention of other limiting steps, of counter-balancing regulation, and of unknown coupled pathways often confounds this direct approach. Here the concept of inverse metabolic engineering is codified and its application is illustrated with several examples. Inverse metabolic engineering means the elucidation of a metabolic engineering strategy by: first, identifying, constructing, or calculating a desired phenotype; second, determining the genetic or the particular environmental factors conferring that phenotype; and third, endowing that phenotype on another strain or organism by directed genetic or environmental manipulation. This paradigm has been successfully applied in several contexts, including elimination of growth factor requirements in mammalian cell culture and increasing the energetic efficiency of microaerobic bacterial respiration.
Recombinant human uteroglobin inhibits the in vitro invasiveness of human metastatic prostate tumor cells and the release of arachidonic acid stimulated by fibroblast-conditioned medium. (1994)

Uteroglobin (UG) is a potent immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory secretory protein with high levels detected in human prostate tissue. We used three human prostate cancer cell lines (DU-145, PC3-M, and LNCaP) to test the hypothesis that UG may modulate invasiveness of prostatic carcinoma cells in the Boyden chamber assay for invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane preparation. Fibroblast-conditioned medium was used as the chemoattractant. The most invasive cell line was DU-145, followed by PC3-M, whereas the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line exhibited extremely low invasive potential. Pretreatment of DU-145 and PC3-M cells for 24 h with 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 microM recombinant UG had no effect on basal invasiveness but inhibited fibroblast-conditioned medium-stimulated invasion in a dose-dependent manner, reaching up to 60.2 and 87.9% inhibition of DU-145 and PC3-M, respectively. UG had no effect on either cell-reconstituted basement membrane adhesion or simple chemotaxis in the absence of reconstituted basement membrane. UG also strongly inhibited the biphasic release of [14C]-labeled arachidonic acid from fibroblast-conditioned medium-stimulated DU-145 cells. These results suggest that UG may modulate prostate tumor cell invasiveness and that the mechanism may include inhibition of the arachidonic acid signal cascade.
Rapid Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia by Using the Capillary Polymerase Chain Reaction (1993)

We attempted to detect cytomegalovirus DNA (CMV-DNA) and Pneumocystis carinii DNA (P. carinii-DNA) in sputum samples of 18 hematological neoplasm patients with pneumonia, using rapid cycle DNA amplification. A thermal cycler based on recirculating hot air was used for rapid temperature control of 10-microliters samples in this glass capillary tubes. After a total amplification time of 15 min, the amplified products were electrophoresed on agarose gels and visualized with ethidium bromide. In three cases, CMV-DNA was detected at about the time the pneumonia occurred. These patients were successfully treated with ganciclovir in the early stages of infection and CMV was not detected by the virus culture method. In four other cases, P. carinii-DNA was detected in their sputum samples but not detected by Grocott staining. These four cases of P. carinii were successfully treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. For detection of CMV-DNA and P. carinii-DNA using the capillary polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a different temperature setting base on the primer difference was not necessary. Therefore, capillary PCR was performed at the same time for detection of CMV and P. carinii. We conclude that capillary PCR amplification is a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis and early treatment of pneumonia due to CMV and P. carinii.
Synthesis of porphobilinogen-9-14C (1978)

Ethyl 3-dimethylaminomethyl-5-benzyloxy-6-azaindole-2-carboxy-late was condensed with the sodium salt of diethyl malonate-2-14C in decaline, and ethyl 5-benzyloxy-2-ethoxy carbony 1–6-azaindole-3-(2′-ethoxycarbonyl) propionate-2′-14C hydrochloride was obtained in good yield. Further treatment of the labelled azaindole with acid afforded the labelled 6-azaindanone which was reduced to 5-carboxyporphobilinogen lactam. Decarboxylation and saponification of the latter afforded porphobilinogen-9-14C with an overall yield of 27% in the five labelled steps.
Differential regulation of cellular tropism and sensitivity to soluble CD4 neutralization by the envelope gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1994)

Using recombinant and mutant viruses generated between two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates that display differences in cell tropism and sensitivity to soluble CD4 neutralization, we show that these two properties of the virus are regulated by different mechanisms. Whereas there is an association between V3 loop conformation and a particular cellular tropism, soluble CD4 neutralization sensitivity appears to be determined by amino acid differences in the C2 domain of the envelope gp120 that modulate the stability of gp120-gp41 association. Our findings further illustrate the importance of functional interactions among different regions of the envelope gp120 in regulating the biological phenotypes of human immunodeficiency virus and suggest that additional probing of the V3 loop with monoclonal antibodies may identify specific structural features of this loop that determine cell tropism.
The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysfunction (1999)

Psychological factors most clearly predict the development of IBS symptoms after gastroenteritis but biological mechanisms also contribute towards the expression of symptoms.
HPV-targeted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for cervical cancer. (2014)

LBA3008 Background: Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) is a promising cancer treatment modality with potentially broad application. It is not known if ACT can mediate regression of carcinomas, the most common solid tumors in humans. We studied carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a virally induced malignancy that constitutively expresses the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins, as a model cancer to test if ACT can mediate regression of an epithelial malignancy. Methods: We initiated a clinical trial to treat metastatic HPV+ cancers with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) selected for HPV E6- and E7-reactivity (HPV-TIL). Patients from the cervical cancer cohort are reported here. HPV-TIL infusion was preceded b y non-myeloablative conditioning and followed by high-dose bolus aldesleukin. HPV-reactivity was assessed by ELISPOT, IFN-gamma production, and CD137 expression assays. Results: Nine patients were treated on the study. They received a median of 81 x 10 9 T cells (range 33 to 159 x 10 9 ) as a single infusion. The infused cells possessed reactivity against high-risk HPV E6 and/or E7 in 6/8 patients. The two patients with no HPV reactivity did not respond to treatment. 3/6 patients with HPV reactivity demonstrated objective tumor responses by RECIST (1 PR and 2 CR). One patient had a 39% best response. Two patients with widespread metastases had complete tumor responses that are ongoing 18 and 11 months after treatment. One patient with a complete response had a chemotherapy-refractory HPV-16+ squamous cell carcinoma and the other a chemoradiation-refractory HPV-18+ adenocarcinoma. Both patients demonstrated prolonged repopulation with HPV-reactive T cells following treatment. Increased frequencies of HPV-specific T cells were detectable after 13 months in one patient and 6 months in the other. Two patients with HPV-reactive TIL that did not respond to treatment did not display repopulation with HPV-reactive T cells. Conclusions: HPV-TIL can mediate durable, complete regression of metastatic cervical cancer. Continued investigation of HPV-TIL for cervical cancer, and possibly other HPV+ malignancies, is warranted. Cellular therapy can mediate complete regression of an epithelial malignancy. Clinical trial information: NCT01585428.
Effects of hypocapnia and hypocapnic alkalosis on cardiovascular function (1976)

Cardiovascular effects of hypocapnia and hypocapnic alkalosis with and without a fluid load were studied in four groups of dogs (group I: fluid load control; group II: fluid load-isolated hypocapnia; group III: fluid load-hypocapnic alkalosis; group IV: no fluid load-hypocapnic alkalosis). Hypocapnic alkalosis was induced by mechanical hyperventilation, and isolated hypocapnia by the simultaneous administration of 0.1 N HCl. Respiratory alkalosis was also studied during administration of a saline fluid load. Cardiac output and stroke volume increased in all groups receiving a fluid load (including isolated hypocapnia and hypocapnic alkalosis groups), but both fell significantly during hypocapnic alkalosis without fluid load. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure rose in groups with hypocapnic alkalosis with fluid load and isolated hypocapnia with fluid load, but did not change significantly with hypocapnic alkalosis without fluid load or in the normocapnic group with fluid load. It is concluded that cardiac output and stroke volume fall in response to hypocapnic alkalosis but both are maintained with a fluid load at the expense of an increased left ventricular preload.
Securities over Personal Property in the Philippines: A Spanish Civil Law - United States Common Law (2004)

This article analyses the history and operation of the rules governing the creation, perfection, publicity and enforcement of the chattel mortgage, pledge and trust receipt in the Philippines. The authors consider whether there is a case for reform of the law in this area and, if so, which model should be adopted.
Characterization of gene expression in human trabecular meshwork using single-pass sequencing of 1060 clones. (2000)

The identification of the more highly expressed genes in HTM and the discovery of novel genes expressed in this tissue provides basic information for further research on the physiology of the TM and for the identification of glaucoma candidate genes.