gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical study of MUC5AC expression in human gastric carcinomas using a novel monoclonal antibody (1997)

In order to investigate the expression of MUC5AC mucin in normal gastric mucosa and gastric carcinomas, we produced 3 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) using a MUC5AC synthetic peptide. The immunohistochemical study was performed using one of these MAbs (CLH2) which reacted with the different designs of peptides based on the MUC5AC tandem repeat and with native and deglycosylated mucin extracted from gastric tissues. CLH2 immunoreactivity was restricted to foveolar and mucopeptic neck cells in normal gastric mucosa. No reactivity was observed in type-I intestinal metaplasia. Out of 66 gastric carcinomas, 42 (63.6%) expressed MUC5AC. Most diffuse carcinomas were positive (83.3%), whereas only 59.3% of intestinal and 40.0% of atypical carcinomas expressed MUC5AC (p < 0.05). Gastric carcinomas with mixed pattern showed immunoreactivity in diffuse areas and decreased immunoreactivity in intestinal areas. Every early gastric carcinoma expressed MUC5AC, in contrast to 58.6% of advanced carcinomas (p < 0.05). A trend toward decreased immunoreactivity was observed in deep areas of advanced carcinomas in comparison with the respective superficial areas. Taking together the specific staining of foveolar and mucopeptic neck cells and the absence of immunoreactivity in intestinal metaplasia, we conclude that MUC5AC expression may be used as a marker of gastric differentiation. This assumption is further supported by the finding of MUC5AC immunoreactivity in most diffuse carcinomas, which usually display morphologic and histochemical signs of gastric differentiation. The expression of MUC5AC in early gastric carcinomas, regardless of their histologic type, suggests that all gastric carcinomas retain at least some cells with a gastric phenotype during the first steps of neoplastic development.
EFFECT OF PROPHYLACTIC TOPICAL BRIMONIDINE (0.15%) ADMINISTRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION (2010)

The administration of 0.15% brimonidine before an intravitreal injection decreased the incidence, severity, and size of subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy after Natalizumab Therapy for Crohn's Disease (2005)

The prior diagnosis of fatal astrocytoma in a 60-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrins, was reclassified as JC virus-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Analysis of frozen serum samples showed that JC virus DNA had appeared in the serum three months after the initiation of open-label natalizumab monotherapy and two months before the appearance of symptomatic PML. There was staining of the brain lesion for polyomavirus. This case report, along with two others, suggests that anti-alpha4-integrin therapy can result in JC virus-induced PML.
A novel chemokine receptor for SDF-1 and I-TAC involved in cell survival, cell adhesion, and tumor development (2006)

The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1; also known as chemokine ligand 12 [CXCL12]) regulates many essential biological processes, including cardiac and neuronal development, stem cell motility, neovascularization, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. It is generally believed that SDF-1 mediates these many disparate processes via a single cell surface receptor known as chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). This paper characterizes an alternate receptor, CXCR7, which binds with high affinity to SDF-1 and to a second chemokine, interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC; also known as CXCL11). Membrane-associated CXCR7 is expressed on many tumor cell lines, on activated endothelial cells, and on fetal liver cells, but on few other cell types. Unlike many other chemokine receptors, ligand activation of CXCR7 does not cause Ca2+ mobilization or cell migration. However, expression of CXCR7 provides cells with a growth and survival advantage and increased adhesion properties. Consistent with a role for CXCR7 in cell survival and adhesion, a specific, high affinity small molecule antagonist to CXCR7 impedes in vivo tumor growth in animal models, validating this new receptor as a target for development of novel cancer therapeutics.
Direct bladder stimulation with suture electrodes promotes voiding in a spinal animal model: a technical report. (1997)

To determine the efficacy of a new electrode for direct bladder stimulation, five male cats were instrumented during anesthesia. Multistranded, 316LVM, stainless-steel, wire electrodes were implanted on the bladder wall serosa above the trigone area. The electrodes were made with a needle attached to the end that was cut off after suturing the electrode in place. Additional instrumentation included tubes for pressure recording and filling, and hook electrodes for leg and pelvic floor EMG recording. Bladder filling and stimulation studies were conducted in tethered animals 1 to 2 weeks following recovery. Chronic studies were conducted following recovery in tethered animals. To test these electrodes in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model, a T-1 level complete lesion was performed on the above instrumented animals. Spinal animals had successful direct bladder stimulation that induced active contractions and voiding both before and after SCI, but voiding rates were higher more than 2 weeks after SCI and at larger initial bladder volumes. Optimum stimulation parameters consisted of 40 pulses per second, 300 microseconds to 1 ms pulse duration, a stimulation period of 3 to 4 s, and 10 to 40 mA. Urethral resistance, indicated by a urethral function measure, showed that stimulation had no adverse effect on urethral function, and fluoroscopy showed an open membranous urethra during stimulation and voiding. The cat has a small penile urethra that is the flow rate controlling zone. The suture electrode did not corrode, erode into the bladder, or become dislodged, and appears suitable for chronic implantation.
A four-channel optical waveguide multi/demultiplexer for 5-GHz spaced optical FDM transmission (1988)

A four-channel optical waveguide multi/demultiplexer for 5-GHz spaced optical FDM transmission is developed. The multi/demultiplexing principle is first presented, followed by the extinction ratio dependence on the power transfer ratio of the directional couplers, transmission loss of the waveguide, and birefringence of the waveguide. Experimental results are described for waveguides of high-silica glass fabricated on the silicon substrate by combination of flame hydrolysis and reactive ion etching. Their measured characteristics, such as frequency transmittance, loss, extinction ratio, and dependence of polarization and temperature are reported and evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
LiBa4[Mo2N7] und LiBa4[W2N7]: Neue Nitridomolybdate/wolframate mit dimeren Tetraeder-Anionen (1994)

Black crystals of the isotyic phases LiBa 4 [Mo 2 N 7 ] and LiBa 4 [W 2 N 2 ] (monoclinic, P2/n; a=1552.2(3)/1555.2(4), b=642.2(1)/644.4(1), c=1039.9(2)/1042.4(2) pm; β=99.23(2)/99.30(3) o ; Z=4) were grown from the melt (Li, Ba 3 N 2 , Mo/W; molar ratio 20:5:1; T max =1323 K; reaction with N 2 , 1 atm, 18 h) by cooling (20 K/h). The crystal structures contain two independent dimeric units
Effects of lipid removal on the molecular size and kinetic properties of bovine plasma arylesterase (1973)

A purified arylesterase preparation from bovine plasma was characterized to the extent that it has a partial specific volume of 0.91ml/g and an apparent z-average molecular weight of 440000. The relatively large magnitude of the former reflects the presence of phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and beta-carotene, the last-named being responsible for the pronounced yellow colour of the preparation. Removal of the lipid material is accompanied by a decrease in the apparent z-average molecular weight to 120000, the size of the smallest species detected by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium being in the vicinity of 70000 daltons: denaturation of the lipid-free preparation with 6m-guanidine hydrochloride caused essentially complete breakdown into subunits of this size. In kinetic studies on the enzyme the maximal velocity for the hydrolysis of phenyl acetate was found to increase by 60% on addition of 1 mm-Ca(2+), with the K(m) showing a concomitant decrease from 6.6 to 2.1 mm. Removal of lipid had no detectable effect on V(max.) or K(m) in either the presence or the absence of Ca(2+). It is concluded that the bovine plasma arylesterase preparation is either a lipoprotein or an enzyme-lipoprotein complex with properties very similar to those of the alpha(1)-lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein (HDL(2)) fraction of serum.
Microchip assays for screening monoclonal antibody product quality (2008)

Microchip CE-SDS was evaluated as a high-throughput alternative to conventional CE-SDS for monitoring monoclonal antibody protein quality. A commercial instrument (LabChip) 90) was used to separate dodecyl sulfate coated proteins through a sieving polymer based on the proteins' sizes. Under reducing conditions, the microchip CE-SDS separation was similar to that of conventional CE-SDS, providing reasonable resolution of the non-glycosylated and the glycosylated heavy chains. The fluorescence detection on LabChip 90 using non-covalent fluorescent labeling method was about as sensitive as the 220 nm UV detection used in a conventional CE instrument. A simple glycan typing assay was developed for the reducing microchip CE-SDS format. Antibodies, either pure or in crude cell culture media are treated with Endoglycosidase H, which specifically cleaves the hybrid and high mannose type glycans. A heavy chain migration shift on reducing CE-SDS resulting from the loss of glycan is used to measure the level of high mannose/hybrid type glycans as a percentage of the total glycans. Microchip CE-SDS, under both non-reducing and reducing conditions, can be used in a variety of antibody product screening assays. The microchip analyses provide sufficient resolution and sensitivity for this purpose but on a time scale approximately 70 times faster (41 s versus 50 min per sample) than conventional CE separation under typical operational conditions.
Tunneling microscopy in an electrochemical cell: Images of Ag plating (1986)

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating in an electrochemical cell was used to observe Ag films that had been electrodeposited on a graphite substrate. Before Ag deposition and after stripping the deposited Ag, the atomic features of the graphite substrate were observed. The observed STM images are consistent with an island film growth mechanism. This initial study demonstrates that STM studies of electrochemical processes occurring at electrodes in solution are now possible.
Chianti (2004)

This paper reports on the design and implementation of Chianti, a change impact analysis tool for Java that is implemented in the context of the Eclipse environment. Chianti analyzes two versions of an application and decomposes their difference into a set of atomic changes. Change impact is then reported in terms of affected (regression or unit) tests whose execution behavior may have been modified by the applied changes. For each affected test, Chianti also determines a set of affecting changes that were responsible for the test's modified behavior. This latter step of isolating the changes that induce the failure of one specific test from those changes that only affect other tests can be used as a debugging technique in situations where a test fails unexpectedly after a long editing session. We evaluated Chianti on a year (2002) of CVS data from M. Ernst's Daikon system, and found that, on average, 52% of Daikon's unit tests are affected. Furthermore, each affected unit test, on average, is affected by only 3.95% of the atomic changes. These findings suggest that our change impact analysis is a promising technique for assisting developers with program understanding and debugging.
Interactions of Human Melanocortin 4 Receptor with Nonpeptide and Peptide Agonists, (2005)

Specific interactions of human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) with its nonpeptide and peptide agonists were studied using alanine-scanning mutagenesis. The binding affinities and potencies of two synthetic, small-molecule agonists (THIQ, MB243) were strongly affected by substitutions in transmembrane alpha-helices (TM) 2, 3, 6, and 7 (residues Glu(100), Asp(122), Asp(126), Phe(261), His(264), Leu(265), and Leu(288)). In addition, a I129A mutation primarily affected the binding and potency of THIQ, while F262A, W258A, Y268A mutations impaired interactions with MB243. By contrast, binding affinity and potency of the linear peptide agonist NDP-MSH were substantially reduced only in D126A and H264A mutants. Three-dimensional models of receptor-ligand complexes with their agonists were generated by distance-geometry using the experimental, homology-based, and other structural constraints, including interhelical H-bonds and two disulfide bridges (Cys(40)-Cys(279), Cys(271)-Cys(277)) of hMC4R. In the models, all pharmacophore elements of small-molecule agonists are spatially overlapped with the corresponding key residues (His(6), d-Phe(7), Arg(8), and Trp(9)) of the linear peptide: their charged amine groups interact with acidic residues from TM2 and TM3, similar to His(6) and Arg(6) of NDP-MSH; their substituted piperidines mimic Trp(9) of the peptide and interact with TM5 and TM6, while the d-Phe aromatic rings of all three agonists contact with Leu(133), Trp(258), and Phe(261) residues.
Signal Integrity of Bump-Less High-Speed through Silicon Via Channel for Terabyte/s Bandwidth 2.5D IC (2016)

In this paper, a bump-less high-speed through silicon via (TSV) channel is proposed for terabyte/s bandwidth 2.5D IC. The signal integrity of the proposed channel is analyzed based on the frequency and time domain simulation. To analyze the signal integrity of the proposed channel minutely, the proposed channel and the conventional channel are simulated and compared respectively. Moreover, unlike the conventional channel, the signal integrity of the proposed channel is significantly affected by the coupling pads capacitance. Therefore, the proposed channel performance is investigated with different coupling pads capacitances.
Dexmedetomidine vs Midazolam for Sedation of Critically Ill Patients<subtitle>A Randomized Trial</subtitle> (2009)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00216190 Published online February 2, 2009 (doi:10.1001/jama.2009.56).
The PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone Ameliorates Aging-Related Progressive Renal Injury (2009)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists not only improve metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and consequent diabetic nephropathy, but they also protect against nondiabetic chronic kidney disease in experimental models. Here, we found that the PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone protected against renal injury in aging; it reduced proteinuria, improved GFR, decreased sclerosis, and alleviated cell senescence. Increased local expression of PPAR-gamma paralleled these changes. Underlying mechanisms included increased expression of klotho, decreased systemic and renal oxidative stress, and decreased mitochondrial injury. Pioglitazone also regulated p66(Shc) phosphorylation, which integrates many signaling pathways that affect mitochondrial function and longevity, by reducing protein kinase C-beta. These results suggest that PPAR-gamma agonists may benefit aging-related renal injury by improving mitochondrial function.
Effects of ammonia and lactate on hybridoma growth, metabolism, and antibody production (1992)

The influence of ammonia and lactate on cell growth, metabolic, and antibody production rates was investigated for murine hybridoma cell line 163.4G5.3 during batch culture. The specific growth rate was reduced by one-half in the presence of an initial ammonia concentration of 4 mM. Increasing ammonia levels accelerated glucose and glutamine consumption, decreased ammonia yield from glutamine, and increased alanine yield from glutamine. Although the amount of antibody produced decreased with increasing ammonia concentration, the specific antibody productivity remained relatively constant around a value of 0.22 pg/cell-h. The specific growth rate was reduced by one-half at an initial lactate concentration of 55 mM. Although specific glucose and glutamine uptake rates were increased at high lacatate concentration, they showed a decrease after making corrections for medium osmolarity. The yield coefficient of lactate from glucose decreased at high lactate concentrations. A similar decrease was observed for the ammonia yield coefficient from glutamine. At elevated lactate concentrations, specific antibody productivities increased, possibly due to the increase in medium osmolarity. The specific oxygen uptake rate was insensitive to ammonia and lactate concentrations. Addition of ammonia and lactate increased the calculated metabolic energy production of the cells. At high ammonia and lactate, the contribution of glycolysis to total energy production increased. Decreasing external pH and increasing ammonia concentrations caused cytoplasmic acidification. Effect of lactate on intracellular pH was insignificant, whereas increasing osmolarity caused cytoplasmic alkalinization.
The Dynamics of Dendritic Structure in Developing Hippocampal Slices (1996)

Time-lapse fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to directly visualize the formation and dynamics of postsynaptic target structures (i.e., dendritic branches and spines) on pyramidal neurons within developing tissue slices. Within a 2 week period of time, pyramidal neurons in cultured slices derived from early postnatal rat (postnatal days 2-7) developed complex dendritic arbors bearing numerous postsynaptic spines. At early stages (1-2 d in vitro), many fine filopodial protrusions on dendrite shafts rapidly extended (maximum rate approximately 2.5 microM/minute) and retracted (median filopodial lifetime, 10 min), but some filopodia transformed into growth cones and nascent dendrite branches. As dendritic arbors matured, the population of fleeting lateral filopodia was replaced by spine-like structures having a low rate of turnover. This developmental progression involved a transitional stage in which dendrites were dominated by persistent (up to 22 hr) but dynamic spiny protrusions (i.e., protospines) that showed substantial changes in length and shape on a timescale of minutes. These observations reveal a highly dynamic state of postsynaptic target structures that may actively contribute to the formation and plasticity of synaptic connections during CNS development.
CrmA-inhibitable Cleavage of the 70-kDa Protein Component of the U1 Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein during Fas- and Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Apoptosis (1995)

Fas and the type I tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) are two cell surface receptors that, when stimulated with ligand or cross-linking antibody, trigger apoptotic cell death by a mechanism that has yet to be elucidated. The CrmA protein is a serpin family protease inhibitor than can inhibit interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) and ICE-like proteases. We showed previously that expression of CrmA potently blocks apoptosis induced by activation of either Fas or TNF-R, implicating protease involvement in these death pathways (Tewari, M., and Dixit, V.M. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 3255-3260). Here we report that the 70-kDa component of the U1 small ribonucleoprotein (U1-70 kDa) is a proteolytic substrate rapidly cleaved during both Fas- and TNF-R-induced apoptosis. This cleavage was inhibited by expression of CrmA, but not by expression of an inactive point mutant of CrmA, confirming the involvement of an ICE-like protease. These data for the first time identify U1-70 kDa as a death substrate cleaved during Fas- and TNF-R-induced apoptosis and emphasize the importance of protease activation in the cell death pathway.
Effect of AD-5423 on animal models of schizophrenia: phencyclidine-induced behavioral changes in mice (2003)

The antipsychotic efficacy of AD-5423, which has the properties of both a serotonin 5-HT(2) and a dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist, was evaluated using animal models of schizophrenia. Sensitization to phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotion is considered a model of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and was significantly antagonized by AD-5423 and haloperidol. The PCP-induced enhancement of immobility induced by the forced swimming test, a model of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, was attenuated by AD-5423 but not by haloperidol. Since this attenuated effect of AD-5423 was antagonized by DOI, a serotonin 5-HT(2) receptor agonist, it is postulated to be mediated by serotonin 5-HT(2) receptors. These findings suggest that AD-5423 would be clinically effective against both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
A seven-transmembrane domain receptor involved in fusion and entry of T-cell-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains (1996)

Entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into cells requires binding to CD4 and fusion with a cellular membrane. Fusion does not occur in most nonhuman cells even when they express human CD4, indicating that one or more human accessory factors are required for virus infection. Recently, a seven-transmembrane domain protein has been shown to serve as an accessory factor for T-cell-tropic (T-tropic) HIV-1 isolates (Y. Feng, C. C. Broder, P. E. Kennedy, and E. A. Berger, Science 272:872-877, 1996). Here we show that expression of this glycoprotein, termed fusin, in murine, feline, simian, and quail cell lines, in conjunction with human CD4, rendered these cells fully permissive for HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)-mediated membrane fusion. Expression of CD4 or fusin alone did not permit fusion. In addition, introduction of fusin and CD4 into a human cell line, U87MG, that is resistant to HIV-1 induced syncytium formation and to infection by HIV-1 when expressing CD4 alone made this cell line permissive for Env-mediated cell-cell fusion. Fusion was observed only with T-tropic Env proteins. Macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) Env proteins from the SF162, ADA, and Ba-L HIV-1 strains did not fuse with cells expressing fusin and CD4, suggesting that M-tropic viruses utilize an accessory molecule other than fusin. Finally, coexpression of fusin and CD4 made both a murine and feline cell line susceptible to virus infection by T-tropic, but not M-tropic, HIV-1 strains.