gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Imaging with SERS‐Active Nanoparticles (2011)

Raman spectroscopy has been explored for various biomedical applications (e.g., cancer diagnosis) because it can provide detailed information on the chemical composition of cells and tissues. For imaging applications, several variations of Raman spectroscopy have been developed to enhance its sensitivity. To date, a wide variety of molecular targets and biological events have been investigated using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active nanoparticles. The superb multiplexing capability of SERS-based Raman imaging, already successfully demonstrated in live animals, can be extremely powerful in future research where different agents can be attached to different Raman tags to enable the simultaneous interrogation of multiple biological events. Over the last several years, molecular imaging with SERS-active nanoparticles has advanced significantly and many pivotal proof-of-principle experiments have been successfully carried out. It is expected that SERS-based imaging will continue to be a dynamic research field over the next decade.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE SILICON MICROMACHINED MICRO HEAT PIPE ARRAYS USING WATER AND METHANOL AS WORKING FLUIDS (1997)

An experimental test facility was constructed to test and verify the operation of two parallel arrays of anisotropicalfy micromachined (etched) micro heal pipes (MHPs) on a single crystalline (100) semiconductor silicon wafer, A micro heat pipe is a small-scale device used to transport energy from a heat source to a heat sink in nearly isothermal operation. The individual MHP was an isosceles triangle with a length of 25.4 mm, and a width of 100 /xm and 260 fim for the arrays. A 7740 Pyrtx glass wafer was used to seal the pipe array hermetically. The transparent glass allowed visual inspection of the level of the working fluid filling the pipe array. Two working fluids were tested, pure water and methanol. A Kapton heater was used to supply the heat input, and cooling water flowing through the condenser (to remove the applied heat) was used as a heat sink. Filling charges of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 80% were tested. The axial temperature drop along the length of the pipe was measured using K-type thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. Fourier's law was used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity. The results showed a maximum improvement of 11% in effective thermal conductivity at higher power levels. However, the theoretical model predicted an improvement of at least 193%. An optimum fill of 5% was identified. The results are compared to earlier published data of Duncan from Peterson's group at Texas A&M.
A highly enantioselective synthesis of phosphate triesters (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA highly enantioselective synthesis of phosphate triestersKensaku Nakayama and Wayne J. ThompsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 19, 6936–6942Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00175a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00175a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1022Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An automated method for software controlled cache prefetching (2002)

As the gap between cycle time and main memory access time increases, memory system performance becomes increasingly important. The trend to higher instruction level parallelism with superscalar processors puts even higher demands on the memory system. Prefetching is a common strategy to tolerate this increased memory latency. This paper presents a software only technique to prefetch data to the CPU cache before it is needed in order combat this problem. The software prefetching technique presented is motivated by emulation of a hardware stride prediction table (SPT). Performance similar, and in some cases superior, to the hardware based technique is achieved with no additional hardware costs. In the first step, a simulation of the hardware SPT is conducted to identify where useful prefetches are best added. In the next step, software prefetches are added to the executable code. The technique is automated and could be implemented by a compiler as a two phase optimization of a profile step followed by an optimization step. Data is presented for both SPEC95 and multimedia benchmarks. In the best case, a performance improvement of 2.78X is observed over the same code with no prefetching at no extra hardware costs.
Opened parasitic elements nearby a driven dipole (1986)

The characteristics of an antenna system consisting of opened parasitic elements and a nearby parallel driven dipole antenna are investigated. The aim is to show quantitatively the significance of the opened parasitic elements that affect the characteristics of the antenna system, and hence cannot be ignored as the radius of the elements becomes thick and the interelement spacing becomes small.
New fluorescent hydrazide reagents for the oxidized 3'-terminus of RNA (1974)

The synthesis and properties of four new fluorescent reagents capable of forming moderately stable links to the 3' oxidized end of RNA are reported. All are hydrazide derivatives: pyrene butyric acid hydrazide, proflavine monosemicarbazide, proflavine monosuccinic acid hydrazide, and anthracene-9-carboxaldehyde carbohydrazone. In addition, procedures are given for coupling the bifunctional reagent carbohydrazide to the 3' end of RNA. These carbohydrazide adducts can easily be coupled in turn to a wide variety of fluorescent reagents having specificity for aliphatic amino groups, including isothiocyanates and sulfonyl halides. Thus a route exists for the preparation of an enormous variety of 3' fluorescent labeled RNAs. The carbohyrazide adducts are also useful for other synthetic procedures such as preparation of covalent tRNA dimers.
Nano active materials for lithium-ion batteries (2010)

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used to power portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, laptops etc., and are considered to be a promising choice of power system for the next generation of electric vehicles, which are central to the reduction of CO(2) emissions arising from transport. In order to increase energy and power density to meet the future challenges of energy storage, many efforts have been made to develop nano active materials for lithium-ion batteries. Herein we review the advantages of nano active materials for lithium-ion batteries. Moreover, some disadvantages of nano active materials and their solutions are also discussed.
ABSTRACT: A New Energy Resource: Microbially Enhanced Gas Generation (2001)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Synthesis of some novel fused tetracyclic quinolonecarboxylic acids via 7‐methyl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline and 6‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐g]quinoline (1994)

Abstract A series of fused tetracyclic quinolonecarboxylic acids was prepared for biological evaluation. These compounds were synthesized by a route involving a regiospecific functionalization of 5‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline to obtain a series of new substituted 7‐methyl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydro‐3 H ‐imidazo[4,5‐ f ]quinolines and 6‐methyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐imidazo[4,5‐ g ]quinolines as convenient precursors of quinolones.
Plasma-enhanced growth and composition of silicon oxynitride films (1986)

Silicon oxynitride films with varying oxygen/nitrogen ratio were grown from SiH4, N2O, and NH3 by means of a plasma-enchanced chemical vapor deposition process. The elemental composition of the deposited films was measured by a variety of high-energy ion beam techniques. To determine the chemical structure we used Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and electron-spin resonance. Ellipsometric data and values for mechanical stress are also reported. We show that the entire range of compositions from silicon oxide to silicon nitride can be covered by applying two different processes and by adjusting the N2O/NH3 gas flow ratio of the respective processes. It is suggested that the N2O/SiH4 gas flow ratio is the major deposition characterization parameter, which also controls the chemical structure as far as the hydrogen bonding configuration is concerned. We found that the films contain significant amounts of excess silicon and that the mechanical stress in the oxynitrides is lower than in plasma nitride. The electron-spin density is low (∼1017/cm3) in all samples.
Shimmy Vibration Analysis of Aircraft Landing Gears (1999)

Shimmy vibration is a very important type of motion in the landing gear system during either the takeoff or landing of an aircraft. Energy input for this type of vibration is provided from the kinetic energy of the forward motion of the aircraft. As a result, this energy initiates a self-excited type of vibration in the wheels that may lead to instabilities. An attempt is made to develop a dynamical model for the aircraft nose gear to investigate its transient response for the lateral deviations and shimmy angles. Variations of different design parameters—namely, the energy absorption coefficient of the shimmy damper and the location of the gravity center of the landing gear—are studied. Results are presented graphically to facilitate the investigation of landing gear shimmy vibration.
Nonreciprocal homologous recombination between Agrobacterium transferred DNA and a plant chromosomal locus. (1993)

Previously, we demonstrated the occurrence of gene targeting in tobacco cells after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In these experiments a defective kanamycin resistance (Kmr) gene residing at a chromosomal location was restored via homologous recombination with an incoming transferred DNA (T-DNA) repair construct (pSDM101) containing a different defective Kmr gene. In this article we describe gene targeting experiments with the same target line, but using an improved repair construct, pSDM321. In one of the Kmr calli obtained after transformation with pSDM321 (line A) the product of homologous recombination was detected using PCR. Further molecular analysis revealed that the defective Kmr gene present on the incoming T-DNA had been restored via homologous recombination with the target locus. The target locus was left unchanged and the corrected T-DNA was found to be inserted on the same chromosome but not close to the target locus. This paper presents molecular evidence in plants for the conversion of an introduced DNA molecule (in this case, T-DNA) by a homologous chromosomal locus.
Phase I clinical trial of 9,10-anthracene dicarboxaldehyde (Bisantrene) administered in a five-day schedule. (1982)

Bisantrene is a substituted anthracene derivative which preclinically demonstrated a spectrum of activity similar to that of doxorubicin but without associated cardiotoxicity. A Phase I evaluation of the drug has been performed using daily i.v. administrations for 5 days. Sixty courses of treatment were administered to 23 patients at doses from 2.5 to 90 mg/sq m/day. Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals. Dose-limiting toxicities were leukopenia and local cutaneous reactions. The leukopenia was dose related, noncumulative, and of brief duration. Local reactions occurred in 14 of 37 courses administered at doses greater than 60 mg/sq m and in 13 patients resulted in clinical cellulitis of the infused extremity. Gastrointestinal side effects were mild. No alopecia or cardiotoxicity was observed. Two mixed responses were obtained in patients with hypernephromas. Using a daily schedule for 5 days, approximately 40% more drug can be delivered per course than by single-day i.v. administration. However, with this schedule, local cutaneous reactions may prove additionally dose limiting. Phase II studies of Bisantrene in a daily i.v. schedule for 5 days are planned at a dose of 80 mg/sq m/day to be repeated every 4 weeks.
Effect of side wall roughness in buried channel waveguides (1994)

An atomic force microscope is employed to measure the edge roughness of masks used in the fabrication of rectangular-core buried channel waveguides (BCWs) and to compare this with the corresponding roughness of the etched BCWs. Light attenuation due to scattering loss from the sides of the core can then be estimated using a simple statistical model to process the measured data.
The Structure and Function of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (1999)

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a quantitatively minor component of CNS myelin whose function remains relatively unknown. As MOG is an autoantigen capable of producing a demyelinating multiple sclerosis-like disease in mice and rats, much of the research directed toward MOG has been immunological in nature. Although the function of MOG is yet to be elucidated, there is now a relatively large amount of biochemical and molecular data relating to MOG. Here we summarize this information and include our recent findings pertaining to the cloning of the marsupial MOG gene. On the basis of this knowledge we suggest three possible functions for MOG: (a) a cellular adhesive molecule, (b) a regulator of oligodendrocyte microtubule stability, and (c) a mediator of interactions between myelin and the immune system, in particular, the complement cascade. Given that antibodies to MOG and to the myelin-specific glycolipid galactocerebroside (Gal-C) both activate the same signaling pathway leading to MBP degradation, we propose that there is a direct interaction between the membrane-associated regions of MOG and Gal-C. Such an interaction may have important consequences regarding the membrane topology and function of both molecules. Finally, we examine how polymorphisms and/or mutations to the MOG gene could contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Design and performance evaluation of a compact thermosyphon (2002)

Thermosyphons are a promising option for cooling of high heat dissipating electronics. In this paper, the first known implementation of a compact two-phase thermosyphon for cooling of a microprocessor in a commercial desktop computer is presented. The implemented thermosyphon involves four components in a loop: an evaporator with a boiling enhancement structure, a rising tube, a condenser and a falling tube. The performance of the thermosyphon with water and PF5060 as working fluids, and the effect of inclination are studied experimentally under laboratory conditions. Experimental observations are also made at actual operating conditions to monitor the thermal behavior with changes in power output of the microprocessor. The inside cabinet of the desktop computer is also numerically simulated to understand the airside performance of the condenser.
Molecular Characterization of Opioid Receptors (1990)

Though opioid receptors are more difficult to purify and characterize than other cell surface receptors, significant progress has been made in the past several years. At least a dozen groups have now reported purification of opioid-binding proteins, either in a form that retains ligand-binding properties, or in a covalently bound form. Although there are some discrepancies in the molecular weights of these proteins, it is significant that many investigators have reported a molecular weight of about 60 kd for the receptor, regardless of whether it is of the mu, delta, or kappa type. This finding, together with immunological evidence, suggests that different opioid receptor types may be highly similar, and could conceivably even share a common ligand-binding subunit. Several groups have prepared monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to purified opioid-binding proteins, which should be useful in mapping the brain regional distribution of the opioid receptors, determining the regions in the peptide involved in ligand binding and association with second messengers, and in determining the relationships among different opioid receptor types. One group has in fact already established an antigenic similarity between a mu-selective opioid-binding protein in mammalian brain, and the delta opioid receptor in NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. One group has reported cloning of the cDNA for a purified opioid-binding protein. Somewhat surprisingly, its predicted amino acid sequence places it in the immunoglobulin superfamily, with strongest homologies to cell-adhesion molecules such as N-CAM. MAG, amalgam and fasciclin II, as well as receptors for peptides such as PDGF and interleukin-6. However, this is consistent with evidence that opioids can modulate cell-cell interactions of monocytes, and provides further support for links between opioids and the immune system. The second messengers mediating opioid actions are still unknown. Opioid agonists affect the activity of adenylate cyclase and ion channels in some tissues, but neither has been shown to mediate opioid analgesia. The sequence homologies of the purified opioid-binding protein OBCAM with tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors suggest additional possibilities for second messengers.
Back to the Future: The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

The purpose of this manuscript is to review the current literature regarding the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in atrial fibrillation (AF). We will be reviewing its effect on initiation, maintenance, and termination of AF, with emphasis on the role of baroreflex gain (BRG) and autonomic reflexes in the maintenance of this arrhythmia. While it is generally accepted that the ANS plays an important role in AF, the extent of that role remains controversial. Much of the controversy could be explained by the time frame during which the autonomic measurements were made, the differences in patient population, and possibly the differential effect of the autonomic changes on the trigger versus the substrate. While vagal stimulation results in shortening of the atrial effective refractory period and increased dispersion of refractoriness, its effect on the "trigger" might be antiarrhythmic. During AF, cardiac filling pressure increases while arterial blood pressure decreases sending conflicting messages to the medulla. The acute effect is an increase in sympathetic activity to ensure adequate hemodynamic stability. On the other hand, the long-term effects might be impairment in the cardiopulmonary BRG and changes that accentuate the presence of AF. While radiofrequency ablation has provided us with a unique insight into the role of possible denervation in AF suppression, the exact mechanisms involved are far from being completely understood. Today, in an era where great technological advances have occurred, our need to understand the role of the ANS in AF is greater than ever.
Studies on Biosynthesis of Algal Toxins in Red Tide: A Review (2006)

The production of toxin is a feature in red tide. More than 70 species of microalgae produce toxins. As a secondary metabolite, the synthesis of algal toxin may be considered as an inhibition or rejection response to other phytoplanktons in the competition among communities and species. There is little understanding about the synthesis pathway of these toxins because the factors (algal species, sources, environment, conditions, etc.) that affect the production of toxin are complicated. In this review, the following aspects in studies on algae which from red tide are presented: ecological significance of red tide algae producing toxins, factors affecting the production of toxins by algae, possible biochemical pathway of toxin synthesis, and molecular aspects of toxin biosynthesis in study of marine algae.
Novel FinFET domino logic circuit using dual keepers (2014)

Extreme power density due to leakage currents and scaling of CMOS technology in the nanometer region using single gate MOSFET has become tentative. To alleviate this situation double gate devices like the FinFET can be used, which provide significantly lower leakage and considerably superior control over the current through it. In this paper we utilize the property of FinFET to switch dynamically between low and high threshold devices to design a novel domino logic style circuit configuration. Domino logic circuits are preferred for high speed operations but they suffer from considerable power loss. The proposed dual keeper domino logic circuit achieves the performance of traditional domino logic with significantly reduced power consumption and increased evaluation speed while maintaining similar input noise margin.
Nucleotide chemistry. 16. Amidine protecting groups for oligonucleotide synthesis (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleotide chemistry. 16. Amidine protecting groups for oligonucleotide synthesisLincoln J. McBride, Ryszard. Kierzek, Serge L. Beaucage, and Marvin H. CaruthersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 8, 2040–2048Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00268a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00268a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3318Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts