gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant activated factor VII for cerebral injury—induced coagulopathy in pediatric patients (2003)

Brain injury remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in children. Appropriate therapy involves aggressive management of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure, which often requires placement of an intraparenchymal ICP monitor or intraventricular catheter. These potentially life-saving interventions require normal coagulation function; however, several factors may lead to coagulopathy in the head-injured patient. Standard therapies, which often include multiple doses of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), have a number of drawbacks when used in the pediatric population. The use of FFP requires time to type and crossmatch, thaw, and administer. It imposes a significant volume load on a child in whom cerebral edema remains a problem. Success in using recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the hemophiliac population suggests an alternative therapy. Three patients suffered severe coagulopathy after cerebral injury. One patient received rFVIIa after repeated doses of FFP had failed to correct the coagulopathy; the other two patients received rFVIIa as the initial therapy. Treatment with rFVIIa consisted of a bolus of 90 microg/kg. Recombinant activated factor VII rapidly corrected the patients' coagulopathies, which allowed placement of intraparenchymal fiberoptic lines and intraventricular catheters to monitor ICP. The patients suffered no complication from the placement of ICP monitoring devices, as demonstrated on computerized tomography scans obtained within 24 hours after placement. Brain injury-induced coagulopathy may lead to significant secondary injury and delays the invasive monitoring necessary for the aggressive management of intracranial hypertension. Fresh frozen plasma takes time to administer. may require repeated doses of significant volume for the pediatric patient, and may ultimately fail. Preliminary data indicated that rFVIIa provides a rapid and successful correction of coagulopathy in the head-injured patient.
Changing Patterns of Thalassemia Worldwide (2005)

Thalassemia is a growing global public health problem with an estimated 900,000 births of clinically significant thalassemia disorders expected to occur in the next 20 years. This growth will occur in disorders previously uncommon in many parts of the world. In particular, hemoglobin (Hb) E-beta-thalassemia and Hb H disease account for much of the projected increases in thalassemia. Worldwide, Hb E-beta-thalassemia is one of the most frequent hemoglobinopathies. The incidence of Hb E approaches 60% of the populations in many regions of Southeast Asia. In coastal regions of North America, its prevalence is rapidly growing. The severity of Hb E-beta-thalassemia ranges from a complete lack of symptoms to transfusion dependence. alpha-Thalassemia diseases, often considered benign, are now recognized to be more severe than originally reported. Hb H, Hb H-Constant Spring (CS), and homozygous alpha-thalassemia affect at least a million people worldwide. California considers Hb H disease a public health problem and has initiated a neonatal screening program for Hb H and particularly Hb H-CS. Homozygous alpha-thalassemia, usually fatal, is also being more commonly detected. Several regions have initiated universal prenatal screening programs to address homozygous alpha-thalassemia. In summary, the prognosis for thalassemia disorders is improving, but prenatal diagnosis and neonatal screenings are needed. Comprehensive services that address language and social barriers as well as access to Hb F-enhancing agents and transfusions are needed.
Transcystoscopic Intracavitary Irradiation for Carcinoma of the Bladder: Technique and Preliminary Clinical Results (1987)

A remote controlled transcystoscopic intracavitary after-loading unit is introduced for irradiation therapy of bladder carcinoma. With intense radiation therapy a significant dose can be delivered to the tumor during a short interval. We treated 12 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using transcystoscopic intracavitary irradiation. Of the patients 9 initially had a complete response, although within several months 3 subsequently had recurrence in a different part of the bladder. Technical difficulties and severe complications were not encountered. The preliminary results and technique of transcystoscopic intracavitary irradiation are reported.
Priority service and max-min fairness (2003)

We study a pricing scheme for networks which use priorities to provide differentiated quality of service. We consider the situation where users are free to choose the priority of their traffic, but are charged accordingly. We model this situation as a non-cooperative game, where users behave in a selfish manner and choose an allocation of priorities to packets to optimize their own net benefit. We show that there exists an unique equilibrium for this game and the bandwidth allocation in equilibrium is weighted max-min fair.
Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects (1995)

The technique of transcatheter ventricular septal defect (VSD) device closure may be associated with significant hemodynamic instability. The anesthetic records and catheterization data of 70 consecutive transcatheter VSD closures between February 1989 and September 1992 were reviewed, and risk factors associated with hemodynamic instability evaluated. In 28 of 70 procedures (40%), hypotension (> 20% decrease in systolic blood pressure from baseline) occurred; 12 responded to administration of fluids intravascularly alone, whereas 16 patients required additional acute resuscitation. Significant dysrhythmias occurred during 20 (28.5%) anesthetics associated with hypotension and requiring treatment or catheter withdrawal. ASA physical status, precatheterization indication for device placement, and patient size were not predictive of hemodynamic instability during the procedure. Blood transfusions were necessary in 38 (54.4%) cases and were size-related, with patients weighing less than 10 kg requiring a significantly larger transfusion volume (25.1 +/- 12.4 mL/kg). After 35 procedures (50%) patients were admitted directly to the intensive care unit (ICU) due primarily to hemodynamic instability or procedure duration; 24 (68%) required mechanical ventilation. No deaths occurred; there was no late morbidity due to catheterization-related events. Intravenous sedation was used for the initial catheterizations, maintained with a combination of midazolam, ketamine, and morphine. Subsequently general intravenous or inhaled anesthesia was predominantly used during transesophageal echocardiography and internal jugular vein cannulation. We conclude that hemodynamic instability is common during device closure of VSDs, and is likely to be an inescapable feature of these procedures in many patients because of the technique necessary for device placement.
Hormone replacement therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women (2005)

At present, a recommendation for initiating HRT for the reason of preventing cardiovascular events in post-menopausal women (with or without cardiovascular disease) should not be made. Women with other risk factors for venous thromboembolic events should be discouraged from using HRT if the sole goal is to prevent cardiovascular events.
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using cancer-specific gene expression. (1995)

Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have an elevated alpha-feto-protein (AFP) level. This high level of AFP expression is transcriptionally controlled by the 5'-flanking sequence of the AFP gene. Using the 5'-flanking sequence as a promoter for the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene in an adenoviral vector (Av1AFPTK1), the therapeutic efficacy of adenovirus-mediated HSV-TK gene transduction, followed by ganciclovir (GCV) administration, was studied in tumors in athymic nude mice. Av1AFPTK1 transduction of two cell lines demonstrated HSV-TK enzyme activity only in the AFP-producing cells (HuH7) and not in the AFP nonproducing cells (SK-Hep-1). As expected, only transduced HuH7 cells were killed by GCV treatment. Transduction by an adenoviral vector harboring a Rous sarcoma virus promoter and HSV-TK gene (Av1TK1) showed enzymatic activity and GCV killing in both cell lines. All HuH7 tumors that were transduced with either Av1AFPTK1 or Av1TK1 completely regressed after GCV treatment. On the other hand, there was complete regression of SK-Hep-1 tumors only when treated with Av1TK1 and GCV and not when treated with Av1AFPTK1 and GCV. Thus, cell-specific killing was achieved by adenoviral vector containing AFP promoter for the HSV-TK gene and GCV treatment.
Bovine respiratory disease : a symposium (1984)

Nineteen chapters by scientists from the Americas and Europe present research findings on respiratory ailments in cattle.
Inhibition of interferon γ induced interleukin 12 production: A potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activities of tumor necrosis factor (1998)

Inflammation is associated with production of cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate inflammatory cells. Interleukin (IL) 12 produced by macrophages in response to various stimuli is a potent inducer of interferon (IFN) gamma production. IFN-gamma, in turn, markedly enhances IL-12 production. Although the immune response is typically self-limiting, the mechanisms involved are unclear. We demonstrate that IFN-gamma inhibits production of chemokines (macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta). Furthermore, pre-exposure to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibited IFN-gamma priming for production of high levels of IL-12 by macrophages in vitro. Inhibition of IL-12 by TNF can be mediated by both IL-10-dependent and IL-10-independent mechanisms. To determine whether TNF inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced IL-12 production contributed to the resolution of an inflammatory response in vivo, the response of TNF+/+ and TNF-/- mice injected with Corynebacterium parvum were compared. TNF-/- mice developed a delayed, but vigorous, inflammatory response leading to death, whereas TNF+/+ mice exhibited a prompt response that resolved. Serum IL-12 levels were elevated 3-fold in C. parvum-treated TNF-/- mice compared with TNF+/+ mice. Treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody led to resolution of the response to C. parvum in TNF-/- mice. We conclude that the role of TNF in limiting the extent and duration of inflammatory responses in vivo involves its capacity to regulate macrophage IL-12 production. IFN-gamma inhibition of chemokine production and inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced IL-12 production by TNF provide potential mechanisms by which these cytokines can exert anti-inflammatory/repair function(s).
VHL Induces Renal Cell Differentiation and Growth Arrest through Integration of Cell-Cell and Cell-Extracellular Matrix Signaling (2001)

Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene are involved in the family cancer syndrome for which it is named and the development of sporadic renal cell cancer (RCC). Reintroduction of VHL into RCC cells lacking functional VHL [VHL(-)] can suppress their growth in nude mice, but not under standard tissue culture conditions. To examine the hypothesis that the tumor suppressor function of VHL requires signaling through contact with extracellular matrix (ECM), 786-O VHL(-) RCC cells and isogenic sublines stably expressing VHL gene products [VHL(+)] were grown on ECMs. Cell-cell and cell-ECM signalings were required to elicit VHL-dependent differences in growth and differentiation. VHL(+) cells differentiated into organized epithelial sheets, whereas VHL(-) cells were branched and disorganized. VHL(+) cells grown to high density on collagen I underwent growth arrest, whereas VHL(-) cells continued to proliferate. Integrin levels were up-regulated in VHL(-) cells, and cell adhesion was down-regulated in VHL(+) cells during growth at high cell density. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha, a transcription factor and global activator of proximal tubule-specific genes in the nephron, was markedly up-regulated in VHL(+) cells grown at high cell density. These data indicate that VHL can induce renal cell differentiation and mediate growth arrest through integration of cell-cell and cell-ECM signals.
Delivery of testosterone to the brain by intranasal administration: Comparison to intravenous testosterone (2008)

Intranasal (i.n.) administration has emerged as a strategy to deliver therapeutics to the brain. Here, we compared i.n. and intravenous (i.v.) administration for testosterone. About 75% of the i.n. administered testosterone entered the blood. However, whole brain levels of testosterone were about twice as high after i.n. administration as after i.v. administration. About two-thirds of the testosterone entering the brain after i.n. administration did so by direct entry by nasal routes and the remainder indirectly by first entering the blood and then crossing the blood-brain barrier. All brain regions except the frontal cortex had higher levels of testosterone after i.n. administration than after i.v. administration, although the differences among brain regions varied much more for the i.n. route. The olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus had the highest levels after i.n. administration. The brain uptake pattern suggested a variety of distribution routes likely involving the cerebrospinal fluid, diffusion through brain tissue, and transport through nerve projections. Regional distribution patterns were similar after either i.n. or i.v. administration, suggesting that the dominant factor determining distribution/retention was the same for either route of administration. We conclude that the i.n. administration route delivers testosterone systemically and can target the brain, especially the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus.
Free-Radical Synthesis of Poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) Fractions of Low Polydispersity:  Effects of Molecular Weight and Polydispersity on the pH-Dependent Conformational Transition in Aqueous Solutions (1999)

The interaction of the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte, poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) [PEAA, 1], with phospholipid bilayer membranes has been studied extensively in this laboratory over the past fifteen years. This system has been tailored to create lipid vesicles that respond via release of contents to changes in pH, temperature, light intensity, or concentration of a solute such as glucose.
Synthesis of Benzo[f]quinolines and Ergolines from 5-Phenyl-6-methyl-2-pyridones (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Benzo[f]quinolines and Ergolines from 5-Phenyl-6-methyl-2-pyridonesGORDON N. WALKER and BARBARA N. WEAVERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4441–4455Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a062https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission of light through small elliptical apertures (2004)

The results of computer simulations based on the Finite Difference Time Domain method with local space and time grid refinement, are presented for an elliptical aperture in a thin metal film illuminated by a normally incident, monochromatic plane wave. Both cases of incident polarization parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the ellipse are considered. An intuitive description of the behavior of the electromagnetic fields is developed in each case, and simulation results that exhibit patterns similar to those expected from this qualitative analysis are presented. The simulations reveal, in quantitative detail, the amplitude and phase behavior of the E- and B-fields in and around the aperture.
Tyrosine kinase signalling in breast cancer: ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases (2000)

ERBB family receptor tyrosine kinases are overexpressed in a significant subset of breast cancers. One of these receptors, HER2/neu, or ErbB-2, is the target for a new rational therapeutic antibody, Herceptin. Other inhibitors that target this receptor, and another family member, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, are moving into clinical trials. Both of these receptors are sometimes overexpressed in breast cancer, and still subject to regulation by hormones and other physiological regulators. Optimal use of therapeutics targeting these receptors will require consideration of the several modes of regulation of these receptors and their interactions with steroid receptors.
3D Field-Scale Automatic History Matching Using Adjoint Sensitivities and Generalized Travel-Time Inversion (2006)

Abstract Conditioning geologic models to production data is generally done in a Bayesian framework. The commonly used Bayesian formulation and its implementation have difficulties in three major areas, particularly for large scale field applications. First, the CPU time increases quadratically with increasing model size, thus making it computationally expensive for field applications with large number of parameters; second, the sensitivity coefficients that define the relationship between reservoir properties and the production response typically depend on either the number of model parameters or the number of data points; and third, the calculation of the prior covariance matrix (or its inverse) can be time consuming and memory intensive. We propose a fast and robust adaptation of the Bayesian formulation for inverse modeling that overcomes much of the current limitations and is well suited for large-scale field applications. Our approach is based on a generalized travel time inversion and utilizes the adjoint method for computing the sensitivity of the travel time with respect to reservoir parameters such as porosity and permeability. The sensitivity calculations depend on the number of wells integrated which can be orders of magnitude less than the number of data points or the model parameters. The adjoint sensitivities can be computed from the pressure and water saturation distribution that is readily available from the numerical simulator. For solving the inverse problem, we utilize an iterative minimization algorithm based on efficient singular value decomposition. Prior information is incorporated using an approximation of the square root of the inverse of the prior covariance calculated using a numerically-derived stencil applicable to a wide class of covariance models. Our proposed approach is computationally efficient and more importantly the CPU time scales linearly with respect to model size making it particularly well-suited for large-scale field applications. We demonstrate the power and utility of our approach using synthetic and field examples. The synthetic examples show the robustness and efficiency of this algorithm. The field example is from the Goldsmith San Andres Unit (GSAU) in West Texas and includes multiple patterns consisting of 11 injectors and 31 producers. Using well log data and water-cut history from producing wells; we characterize the permeability distribution, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our approach for large-scale field applications.
Constitutive and Conditional Suppression of Exogenous and Endogenous Genes by Anti-Sense RNA (1985)

Plasmid DNA directing transcription of the noncoding (anti-sense) DNA strand can specifically inhibit the expression of several test genes as well as normal, endogenous genes. The anti-sense plasmid constructions can be introduced into eukaryotic cells by transfection or microinjection and function in both transient and stable transformation assays. Anti-sense transcripts complementary to as little as 52 bases of 5' untranslated target gene mRNA specifically suppress gene activity as well as, or more efficiently than, anti-sense transcripts directed against the protein coding domain alone. Conditional anti-sense inhibition is accomplished with the use of hormone-inducible promoter sequences. Suppression of endogenous actin gene activity by anti-sense RNA is detected as a decrease in growth rate and as a reduction in the number of actin microfilament cables. These observations suggest that anti-sense RNA may be generally useful for suppressing the expression of specific genes in vivo and may be a potential molecular alternative to classical genetic analysis.
Phonon Optics and Phonon Propagation in Semiconductors (1981)

Recent experiments involving the propagation of extremely high frequency, short-wavelength acoustic phonons in semiconductors are described. Such phonons, which play an important role in thermal energy transpor and nonradiative recombination processes, can be used as sensitive microscopic probes of electronic, defect, and interface states. Experiments on phonon transmission thrugh epitaxially grown bulk material as well as thin-film superlattice structures in the semiconductor gallium arsenide are described. Such thin-film periodic structures can be used to build frequency-selective phonon filters and reflectors, which can in turn be used to manipulate phonon diagnostic beams in technologically important materials.
Spontaneous Human Monocyte Apoptosis Utilizes a Caspase-3-Dependent Pathway That Is Blocked by Endotoxin and Is Independent of Caspase-1 (1999)

Apoptosis is an important mechanism for regulating the numbers of monocytes and macrophages. Caspases (cysteine-aspartate-specific proteases) are key molecules in apoptosis and require proteolytic removal of prodomains for activity. Caspase-1 and caspase-3 have both been connected to apoptosis in other model systems. The present study attempted to delineate what role these caspases play in spontaneous monocyte apoptosis. In serum-free conditions, monocytes showed a commitment to apoptosis as early as 4 h in culture, as evidenced by caspase-3-like activity. Apoptosis, as defined by oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, was prevented by a generalized caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK, and the more specific caspase inhibitor, z-DEVD-FMK. The caspase activity was specifically attributable to caspase-3 by the identification of cleavage of procaspase-3 to active forms by immunoblots and by cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate DEVD-AFC. In contrast, a caspase-1 family inhibitor, YVAD-CMK, did not protect monocytes from apoptosis, and the fluorogenic substrate YVAD-AFC failed to show an increase in activity in apoptotic monocytes. When cultured with LPS (1 microgram/ml), monocyte apoptosis was prevented, as was the activation of caspase-3. Unexpectedly, LPS did not change baseline caspase-1 activity. These findings link spontaneous monocyte apoptosis to the proteolytic activation of caspase-3.