gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Materials From Fungal Mycelium: Fabrication and Tuning of Physical Properties (2017)

In this work is presented a new category of self-growing, fibrous, natural composite materials with controlled physical properties that can be produced in large quantities and over wide areas, based on mycelium, the main body of fungi. Mycelia from two types of edible, medicinal fungi, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus, have been carefully cultivated, being fed by two bio-substrates: cellulose and cellulose/potato-dextrose, the second being easier to digest by mycelium due to presence of simple sugars in its composition. After specific growing times the mycelia have been processed in order to cease their growth. Depending on their feeding substrate, the final fibrous structures showed different relative concentrations in polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and chitin. Such differences are reflected as alterations in morphology and mechanical properties. The materials grown on cellulose contained more chitin and showed higher Young's modulus and lower elongation than those grown on dextrose-containing substrates, indicating that the mycelium materials get stiffer when their feeding substrate is harder to digest. All the developed fibrous materials were hydrophobic with water contact angles higher than 120°. The possibility of tailoring mycelium materials' properties by properly choosing their nutrient substrates paves the way for their use in various scale applications.
Potential Anticancer Agents.1 XXXVIII. Alkylating Agents Related to Phenylalanine Mustard. II (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XXXVIII. Alkylating Agents Related to Phenylalanine Mustard. IIW. A. SKINNER, KAREN A. HYDE, HELEN F. GRAM, and B. R. BAKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 10, 1756–1759Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01080a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01080a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose sensing with graphene varactors (2016)

A novel metal-oxide-graphene glucose sensor is demonstrated. The sensor utilizes a graphene variable capacitor (varactor) structure that has the capability to enable passive, wireless sensing, a key advantage for in vivo glucose sensing. The functionalization of graphene using pyrene boronic acid is demonstrated using a self-assembly process, and successful functionalization is demonstrated by a positive Dirac voltage shift. The varactors are shown to be operational in a phosphate buffered saline solution and show stable performance after multiple measurement cycles. Finally, a consistent and reversible response to 100 mg/dL glucose is demonstrated.
Efficient fully 3-D iterative SPECT reconstruction with Monte Carlo-based scatter compensation (2002)

Quantitative accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images is highly dependent on the photon scatter model used for image reconstruction. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is the most general method for detailed modeling of scatter, but to date, fully three-dimensional (3-D) MCS-based statistical SPECT reconstruction approaches have not been realized, due to prohibitively long computation times and excessive computer memory requirements. MCS-based reconstruction has previously been restricted to two-dimensional approaches that are vastly inferior to fully 3-D reconstruction. Instead of MCS, scatter calculations based on simplified but less accurate models are sometimes incorporated in fully 3-D SPECT reconstruction algorithms. We developed a computationally efficient fully 3-D MCS-based reconstruction architecture by combining the following methods: 1) a dual matrix ordered subset (DM-OS) reconstruction algorithm to accelerate the reconstruction and avoid massive transition matrix precalculation and storage; 2) a stochastic photon transport calculation in MCS is combined with an analytic detector modeling step to reduce noise in the Monte Carlo (MC)-based reprojection after only a small number of photon histories have been tracked; and 3) the number of photon histories simulated is reduced by an order of magnitude in early iterations, or photon histories calculated in an early iteration are reused. For a 64 x 64 x 64 image array, the reconstruction time required for ten DM-OS iterations is approximately 30 min on a dual processor (AMD 1.4 GHz) PC, in which case the stochastic nature of MCS modeling is found to have a negligible effect on noise in reconstructions. Since MCS can calculate photon transport for any clinically used photon energy and patient attenuation distribution, the proposed methodology is expected to be useful for obtaining highly accurate quantitative SPECT images within clinically acceptable computation times.
Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation in the Wideband Regime (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The wideband regime of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) in Gaussian channels is studied. The Taylor expansion of the coded modulation capacity for generic signal constellations at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived and used to determine the corresponding expansion for the BICM capacity. Simple formulas for the minimum energy per bit and the wideband slope are given. BICM is found to be suboptimal in the sense that its minimum energy per bit can be larger than the corresponding value for coded modulation schemes. The minimum energy per bit using standard Gray mapping on <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex></formula></emphasis>-PAM or <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M^2$</tex> </formula></emphasis>-QAM is given by a simple formula and shown to approach <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex> </formula></emphasis> 0.34 dB as <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex></formula></emphasis> increases. Using the low SNR expansion, a general tradeoff between power and bandwidth in the wideband regime is used to show how a power loss can be traded off against a bandwidth gain. </para>
Role of the transcriptional activator RocR in the arginine‐degradation pathway of Bacillus subtilis (1997)

In Bacillus subtilis, genes involved in arginine and ornithine catabolism constitute two operons, rocABC and rocDEF. Inducible expression of these two operons is SigL-dependent and requires the transcriptional activator RocR. RocR is a member of the NtrC/NifA family of regulators. To study the molecular mechanisms leading to the activation of RocR, we constructed a series of mutants affected in various steps of arginine catabolism. Results obtained using these mutants strongly suggest that the true inducer is ornithine or citrulline. Constitutive mutants of rocR containing either missense mutations, frameshift mutations resulting from deletions, or in-frame deletions leading to the synthesis of N-terminal truncated RocR polypeptides were obtained. Analysis of these mutants indicates that the N-terminal part of RocR is an intramolecular repressor domain. AhrC is a second positive regulatory protein of the rocABC and rocDEF operons. Two missense mutations modifying the N-terminal domain of RocR led to high constitutive expression of the Roc regulon in the absence of AhrC. Constitutive RocR proteins still require the presence of UAS1 and therefore probably bending of the DNA region located between the UAS1 and the promoter, suggesting that AhrC is not involved in DNA bending which facilitates interaction between RocR and sigma54-RNA polymerase. We suggest that the positive role of AhrC involves protein-protein interaction with RocR.
Angiogenic Gene Therapy (AGENT) Trial in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris (2002)

Results show evidence of favorable anti-ischemic effects with Ad5-FGF4 compared with placebo, and it appears to be safe. Angiogenic gene transfer with Ad5-FGF4 shows promise as a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of angina pectoris.
Concurrent administration of omeprazole and antacid does not alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dofetilide in healthy subjects. (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 182–182; doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.227
HMGB1 IS MARKEDLY ELEVATED WITHIN 6 HOURS OF MECHANICAL TRAUMA IN HUMANS (2009)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a late mediator of the systemic inflammation associated with sepsis. Recently, HMGB1 has been shown in animals to be a mediator of hemorrhage-induced organ dysfunction. However, the time course of plasma HMGB1 elevations after trauma in humans remains to be elucidated. Consequently, we hypothesized that mechanical trauma in humans would result in early significant elevations of plasma HMGB1. Trauma patients at risk for multiple organ failure (ISS > or = 15) were identified for inclusion (n = 23), and postinjury plasma samples were assayed for HMGB1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparison of postinjury HMGB1 levels with markers for patient outcome (age, injury severity score, units of red blood cell (RBC) transfused per first 24 h, and base deficit) was performed. To investigate whether postinjury transfusion contributes to elevations of circulating HMGB1, levels were determined in both leuko-reduced and non-leuko-reduced packed RBCs. Plasma HMGB1 was elevated more than 30-fold above healthy controls within 1 h of injury (median, 57.76 vs. 1.77 ng/mL; P < 0.003), peaked from 2 to 6 h postinjury (median, 526.18 ng/mL; P < 0.01 vs. control), and remained elevated above control through 136 h. No clear relationship was evident between postinjury HMGB1 levels and markers for patient outcome. High-mobility group box 1 levels increase with duration of RBC storage, although concentrations did not account for postinjury plasma levels. Leuko-reduced attenuated HMGB1 levels in packed RBCs by approximately 55% (P < 0.01). Plasma HMGB1 is significantly increased within 1 h of trauma in humans with marked elevations occurring from 2 to 6 h postinjury. These results suggest that, in contrast to sepsis, HMGB1 release is an early event after traumatic injury in humans. Thus, HMGB1 may be integral to the early inflammatory response to trauma and is a potential target for future therapeutics.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Treating West Nile Virus Infection in Mice (2003)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease found most commonly in Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East, where up to 40% of the human population possesses antibodies. It is an emerging disease in the United States. Humans infected with WNV develop a febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis. In mice, WNV causes central nervous system infection, paralysis, encephalitis, and death. Currently, no specific therapy or vaccine has been approved for human use. We examined the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of pooled human plasma (PP) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for treatment of WNV-infected mice. Full protection was achieved when the infected mice were treated with pooled plasma or IVIG obtained from healthy Israeli blood donors that contained WNV-specific antibodies. Similar treatments using PP or IVIG obtained from US blood donors had no protective effect. Recovery of the lethally infected mice was dependent on the dose and time of IVIG administration. These results indicate that antibodies play a major role in protection and recovery from WNV infection and that IVIG can be used as first-line therapy.
Lane detection with roadside structure using on-board monocular camera (2009)

The lane detection function is an important aspect when constructing in-driving support systems. This function estimates the shape of the lane in which the vehicle is driving and the position of the vehicle within the lane. In this paper, we have proposed a lane detection algorithm that can not only operate on highways, but also on local roads by using information obtained from road-side structures. We have evaluated the performance of our algorithm under various conditions, such as day-light and night, sunny and rainy. The performance of the lane-detection system has been improved when compared with a conventional method that detects lane markers on both sides.
Tacrolimus reversibly reduces insulin secretion in paediatric renal transplant recipients (2000)

We conclude that post-transplant glucose intolerance could be due to a dose-dependent, direct effect of FK506 on the pancreatic beta cell function, which can be controlled by dose reduction.
Nonviral delivery of synthetic siRNAs in vivo (2007)

Sequence-specific gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a Nobel prize-winning technology that is now being evaluated in clinical trials as a potentially novel therapeutic strategy. This article provides an overview of the major pharmaceutical challenges facing siRNA therapeutics, focusing on the delivery strategies for synthetic siRNA duplexes in vivo, as this remains one of the most important issues to be resolved. This article also highlights the importance of understanding the genocompatibility/toxicogenomics of siRNA delivery reagents in terms of their impact on gene-silencing activity and specificity. Collectively, this information is essential for the selection of optimally acting siRNA delivery system combinations for the many proposed applications of RNA interference.
Iron Deficiency and Erythropoiesis: New Diagnostic Approaches (2003)

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In the majority of cases, the presence of hypochromic microcytic anemia and biochemical evidence for depletion of body iron stores makes the diagnosis relatively straightforward. However, in several clinical conditions, classic biochemical indices such as serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin may not be informative or may not change rapidly enough to reflect transient iron-deficient states (functional iron deficiency), such as the ones that develop during recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) therapy. The identification and treatment of iron deficiency in settings such as r-HuEPO therapy, anemia of chronic disease, and iron deficiency of early childhood may be improved by the use of red cell and reticulocyte cellular indices, which reflect in almost real time the development of iron deficiency and the response to iron therapy. In the anemia of chronic disease, measurements of plasma cytokines and iron metabolism regulators such as hepcidin (when available) may be helpful in the characterization of the pathophysiologic basis of this condition. The ratio of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) to serum ferritin (R/F ratio) has been shown to have excellent performance in estimating body iron stores, but it cannot be used widely because of the lack of standardization for sTfR assays. The combination of hematologic markers such as reticulocyte hemoglobin content, which decreases with iron deficiency, and R/F ratio may allow for a more precise classification of anemias.
The punctum plug: evaluation of a new treatment for the dry eye. (1976)

The problem of a chronic dry eye was approached with the idea of conserving the basal state of tears by inserting a plug to block the lacrimal outflow. The involved anatomy, punctum plug design, method of insertion, and postinsertion instructions were discussed. The results of three patient groups were given and failures discussed. Success in the test group fell between 50% to 75%. Successful insertion and acceptance of the punctum plug should probably exceed 75% in clinical practice.
Beneficial effects of soy isoflavones Focus on epigenetic and anti-inflammatory effects (2008)

Soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) are commonly consumed within the diet or as supplement because of a range of presumed beneficial health effects, such as attenuation of menopausal symptoms and prevention of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity as well as breast and prostate cancer Various isoflavones play a crucial role in maintaining an optimal immune response, such that deficient or excessive intakes can have negative consequences on the organism's immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathologies. Recently, new evidence emerged that timing (early life, pre-/post-menopause, puberty) of various dietary exposures may be vitally important in determining health beneficial effects, as a consequence of diet-induced epigenetic changes.
Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Laboratory Techniques Applicable in Developing Countries (1989)

New technologies for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis that can be applied in developing countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high are based on methods that permit recognition of either mycobacterial products in clinical specimens or specific host responses to mycobacteria. Mycobacterial antigens can be identified by immunoassays based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mycobacterial DNA or rRNA can be identified with the use of single-stranded DNA probes. Both techniques are potentially suitable for use in developing countries, although there remain technical problems associated with the use of sputum samples. Serodiagnosis by ELISA is a promising technique based on recognition of the IgG antibody response of the host. The technique is ready for early application and can be used in developing countries. However, high specificity depends on the use of antigens that are not now generally available. The predictive accuracy of any newly proposed diagnostic technique must be compared with that of direct microscopic examination of sputum.
Multilabel Classification using Bayesian Compressed Sensing (2012)

In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework for multilabel classification using compressed sensing. The key idea in compressed sensing for multilabel classification is to first project the label vector to a lower dimensional space using a random transformation and then learn regression functions over these projections. Our approach considers both of these components in a single probabilistic model, thereby jointly optimizing over compression as well as learning tasks. We then derive an efficient variational inference scheme that provides joint posterior distribution over all the unobserved labels. The two key benefits of the model are that a) it can naturally handle datasets that have missing labels and b) it can also measure uncertainty in prediction. The uncertainty estimate provided by the model allows for active learning paradigms where an oracle provides information about labels that promise to be maximally informative for the prediction task. Our experiments show significant boost over prior methods in terms of prediction performance over benchmark datasets, both in the fully labeled and the missing labels case. Finally, we also highlight various useful active learning scenarios that are enabled by the probabilistic model. 1
Multiagent Soft Q-Learning (2018)

Policy gradient methods are often applied to reinforcement learning in continuous multiagent games. These methods perform local search in the joint-action space, and as we show, they are susceptable to a game-theoretic pathology known as relative overgeneralization. To resolve this issue, we propose Multiagent Soft Q-learning, which can be seen as the analogue of applying Q-learning to continuous controls. We compare our method to MADDPG, a state-of-the-art approach, and show that our method achieves better coordination in multiagent cooperative tasks, converging to better local optima in the joint action space.
Adenovirus Promoters and E1A Transactivation (1986)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
The Threshold for Prophylactic Platelet Transfusions in Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1997)

The risk of major bleeding during induction chemotherapy in adolescents and adults with acute myeloid leukemia (except acute promyelocytic leukemia, which we did not study) was similar with platelet-transfusion thresholds of 20,000 per cubic millimeter and 10,000 per cubic millimeter (or 10,000 to 20,000 per cubic millimeter when body temperature exceeded 38 degrees C, there was active bleeding, or invasive procedures were needed). Use of the lower threshold reduced platelet use by 21.5 percent.
Dual-loop Model Extraction for Digital Predistortion of Wideband RF Power Amplifiers (2011)

A dual-loop parameter characterization structure is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of the model extraction in digital predistortion systems. In this concept, a model reference loop is used in conjunction with a model inverse structure for fine tuning the model parameters. This model extraction process does not increase much of the complexity of system implementation but experimental results show that linearization performance can be significantly improved by employing the proposed structure for wideband RF power amplifiers.
Design & development of co-polarized Ku-band ground terminal system for very small aperture terminal (VSAT) application (2003)

Advances in the communication satellite industry have made it possible to utilize smaller antennas in two-way communication networks, commonly known as VSAT (very small aperture terminal) networks. These typically range in aperture size from 60 cm to 4.5 m. It is now possible to build a system with antennas having significantly less gain than the conventional 3.8 m reflector antenna satisfying the 2/spl deg/ satellite spacing. To eliminate the crosstalk, a co-polarized adapter is typically used between the orthomode transducer (OMT) and the corrugated feed horn. In a simpler alternative approach, a single-piece co-polarized diplexer, connected between the feed horn, the high power transmitter, and the receive LNB, is used to frequency select the uplink and the downlink signals. The diplexer is designed to split the two Rx/Tx bands into two separate pens having the same polarization. This paper describes the development of a co-polarized Ku-band Rx/Tx system. Due to stringent electrical requirements, waveguide technology was selected over the microstrip and/or stripline design approaches. The developed system consists of corrugated conical horn, co-polarized waveguide junction with embedded low- and pass-band filters, and a diamond shape reflector.