gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically Active Aromatic Polyimides Having Axially Dissymmetric 1,1‘-Binaphthalene-2,2‘-diyl Units (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTOptically Active Aromatic Polyimides Having Axially Dissymmetric 1,1'-Binaphthalene-2,2'-diyl UnitsQiding Mi, Lianxun Gao, and Mengxian DingView Author Information Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 17, 5758–5759Publication Date (Web):August 12, 1996Publication History Received7 May 1996Published online12 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9606667https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9606667rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Organic polymers,Polyimides,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Preparation of luminescent chemosensors by post-functionalization of vesicle surfaces (2014)

Surface-reactive luminescent vesicles were prepared by self-assembly of phospholipids, amphiphilic maleimides and fluorophors in aqueous solution. Those preformed liposomes were functionalized with various thiolated receptor units using a thiol-click reaction. As recognition elements, a bis-Zn(2+)-cyclen derivative for the detection of phosphate moieties or a DNA aptamer for the specific binding of the antibiotic ampicillin were utilized. A FRET-based assay revealed the close spatial proximity of the membrane-embedded dansyl molecules with the subsequently immobilized thiols, which is the origin for the signaling mechanism of the obtained vesicular sensors. Those receptor-functionalized liposomes indicate the binding of the targets to their surface by changes of the fluorescence emission properties of the membrane co-embedded carboxyfluorescein dyes. The post-functionalization concept can also be used for molecular imprinting on vesicle surfaces. The template-guided patterning of receptors based on bis-Zn(2+)-cyclen resulted in fluorescent sensors suitable for the specific recognition of a bivalent peptide.
Epothilone B analogue (BMS-247550)-mediated cytotoxicity through induction of Bax conformational change in human breast cancer cells. (2002)

Epothilone B is a novel nontaxane antimicrotubule agent that is active even against paclitaxel (Taxol)-resistant cancer cells. The present study further explores the mechanisms underlying epothilone B-mediated cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells. We show that BMS-247550 (EpoB), a novel epothilone B analogue, induces cell cycle arrest at the G(2)-M phase transition and subsequent apoptotic cell death of MDA-MB-468 (468) cells. Treating cells with EpoB triggers a conformational change in the Bax protein and its translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria, which is accompanied by cytochrome c release from the inter-membrane space of mitochondria into the cytosol. Overexpression of Bcl-2 delays Bax conformational change, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis induced by EpoB. Conversely, the Bcl-2 antagonist Bak-BH3 peptide or HA14-1 compound abrogates the antiapoptotic effects of Bcl-2 and enhances apoptosis of 468 cells pretreated with EpoB (to induce mitotic arrest). In synchronized 468 cells, EpoB is more potent in inducing Bax conformational change and apoptosis at G(2)-M phase compared with G(1)-S phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that EpoB induces apoptosis through a Bcl-2-suppressible pathway that controls a conformational change of the proapoptotic Bax protein. The enhanced cytotoxicity of EpoB by blocking Bcl-2 at mitochondria implies a potential application of the combination of EpoB and Bcl-2 antagonists in the treatment of human breast cancer.
Are Female Smokers at Higher Risk for Lung Cancer than Male Smokers? (1993)

A case-control study of male-female differences in cigarette smoking and lung cancer was conducted during 1981-1985 in Toronto, St. Catharine's, and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. In total, 442 female and 403 male histologically verified cancer cases were individually matched by age and area of residence to each other and to 410 female and 362 male randomly selected population controls. Subjects were interviewed concerning their exposures to various life-style factors, and in particular, they received detailed questioning regarding their lifelong histories of usage of tobacco products. It was found that, for both sexes, a greatly elevated risk of developing lung cancer was associated with cigarette consumption, increasing with pack-years of cigarettes smoked and declining with duration of time since quitting smoking. Furthermore, the association was significantly (p = 0.010) and appreciably stronger for females than for males. At a history of 40 pack-years relative to lifelong nonsmoking, the odds ratio for women was 27.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9-52.0) and that for men was 9.60 (95% CI 5.64-16.3). Higher odds ratios for females were also seen within each of the major histologic groupings. Thus, the higher elevated risk of lung cancer currently observed in other studies for female ever smokers compared with male ever smokers, while possibly attributable in part to greater smoking cessation among males, may be due to higher susceptibility among females.
Differential Expression of SA and H_2O_2 between Susceptible and Resistant Poplars Challenged by Botryosphaeria dothidea (2013)

Variations in salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were analyzed in different resistance poplars (Populus tomentosa and Populus × beijingensis) inoculated with Botryosphaeria dothidea. The results showed that the SA content increased in P. tomentosa, the concentration of endogenous free SA peaked (191.41 μg·g-1 FW) at 72 h, which was accompanied with the reduction of CAT activity and increase in H2O2 content. However, in P. X beijingensis the SA content did not significantly arose (7.83 μg·g-1 FW), and was not accompanied by decreases in CAT activity and H2O2 content. The H2O2 peak occurred earlier with lower values compared with P. tomentosa (306.99 nmol·g-1 FW vs 737.52 nmol·g-1 FW). The above results indicated there were significant differences in SA and H2O2 in different poplars interacted with B. dothidea. Meanwhile, we isolated and identified full-length coding sequence of PtSABP and PbSABP from P. tomentosa and P. × beijingensis stem cDNAs. The proteins of PtSABP and PbSABP belong to the Catalase_like superfamily, and their sequences are 90% identical to that of tobacco SABP at the amino acid level based on NCBI blast and phylogenetic tree analysis. RT-PCR analysis showed that gene expression of CAT was inhibited in 6~24 h after inoculated with B. dothidea, suggesting that SA was bound with SABP at this time, inhibiting CAT activity, thus promoting significant increase in H2O2 content at 24 h after inoculation. The experiments determined that the difference of content of SA and H2O2 in poplars was due to inoculated with B. dothidea, SABP was involved in the disease resistance of poplar, and suggested that the resistance of poplars to B. dothidea would be relevant to the accumulation of SA and H2O2.
Cancer stem cells may contribute to the difficulty in treating cancer (2016)

Tumour heterogeneity is a phenomenon where each cell that makes up a tumour, contains mutations that differ from that of other cells in the tumour. The clonal evolution and cancer stem cell theories of cancer formation, have been used to explain tumour heterogeneity. The theories both point to the existence of cells within a tumour that are capable of initiating the tumour in a different location. While the clonal evolution theory argues that all cells within a tumour possess this ability, the cancer stem cell theory argues that only a few cells (cancer stem cells or CSCs) within the tumour possess this ability to seed the tumour in a different location. Data supporting the cancer stem cell theory is accumulating. Researchers have targeted these CSCs therapeutically, hypothesizing that since these CSCs are the 'drivers' of tumour progression, their death may inhibit tumour progression. This was foiled by tumour cell plasticity, a phenomenon whereby a non-CSC spontaneously de-differentiates into a CSC. Researchers are now working on combinations that kill both CSCs and non-CSCs as well as drugs that prevent non-CSC-to-CSC transition. This review concisely describes CSCs and how they contribute to the difficulty in treating cancer.
Antibody-targeted liposomes: increase in specific toxicity of methotrexate-gamma-aspartate. (1983)

Liposomes conjugated with anti-H2Kk antibody associate with L929 murine fibroblasts in 6- to 20-fold greater amount than do nonspecific liposomes. The ability of methotrexate-gamma-aspartate to inhibit L929 growth is increased 10-fold when encapsulated in targeted liposomes but is decreased to 50% when encapsulated in liposomes with no specificity for the target cells. Ammonium chloride inhibits the effects of the encapsulated but not the free drug. Soluble antibody does not inhibit the efficacy of targeted vesicles, but empty targeted vesicles do inhibit the efficacy. The compound in both targeted and nontargeted vesicles has a minimal effect on BALB/c3T6 fibroblasts. These results demonstrate the potential of antibody-targeted liposomes and the importance of selecting liposome-dependent cytotoxic agents.
Inhibition of H-ras oncogene transformation of NIH3T3 cells by protease inhibitors. (1987)

The protease inhibitors antipain, leupeptin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and epsilon-aminocaproic acid were found to inhibit transformation of NIH3T3 cells after transfection with an activated H-ras oncogene. Inhibition of focus formation by protease inhibitors was concentration dependent and maximal at 50% of control values. Transfection of a gene for neomycin resistance was not affected by protease inhibitors. Antipain was inactive if present only during the first 2 days of the gene transfer protocol or only during the final 10 days of the experiment. However, the full effect was observed when antipain was added at the subculture step on day 3 and during the subsequent cell proliferation. If cells were not subcultured, the yield of the foci per microgram of DNA was sharply reduced and addition of antipain did not further suppress the transformation rate. Subculture of NIH3T3 cells 3 days after transfection at lower cell densities resulted in higher transformation efficiency. The results suggest that transformation of NIH3T3 cells by a single mutated oncogene may involve multiple stages including cell proliferation and that part of this process is susceptible to inhibition by protease inhibitors.
Food Restriction Prevents Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation and Retards Kidney Aging in Lean Rats (2000)

ABSTRACT.: Tissue content of advanced glycation end products (AGE) increases with age and contributes to the changes in structure and function of the renal and cardiovascular systems. The effect of chronic food restriction on this AGE accumulation was investigated in lean WAG/Rij rats. A 30% food restriction performed from 10 to 30 mo in female rats reduced their mean body weight from 240 +/- 7 to 160 +/- 12 g, but did not modify their survival. AGE collagen content increased from 14.3 +/- 5.5 to 104.7 +/- 13.0 arbitrary units per microgram (AU/microg) of hydroxyproline (OHPro) in kidney between 10 and 30 mo, and from 9.7 +/- 1.2 to 310.6 +/- 34.6 AU/microg OHPro in the abdominal aorta. Food restriction reduced AGE accumulation to 21.4 +/- 3.3 and 74.6 +/- 16.5 AU/microg OHPro in kidney and aorta of 30-mo-old animals. Similar results were found for collagen prepared from isolated glomeruli (7.8 +/- 1.2, 81.2 +/- 16.1, and 10.3 +/- 4.3 AU/microg OHPro in 10-mo, 30-mo, and restricted 30-mo-old rats). Reduction of intrarenal and arterial AGE accumulation by food restriction was confirmed by immunostaining in optical microscopy. Age-related changes in arterial and kidney structures as polyuria and proteinuria were mainly prevented by food restriction. These data indicate that chronic food restriction reduces the accumulation of AGE and preserves the structure and function of the renal and cardiovascular systems in learn rats, although it did not affect survival of the animals between 10 and 30 mo.
Brain Injury Prediction: Assessing the Combined Probability of Concussion Using Linear and Rotational Head Acceleration (2013)

Recent research has suggested possible long term effects due to repetitive concussions, highlighting the importance of developing methods to accurately quantify concussion risk. This study introduces a new injury metric, the combined probability of concussion, which computes the overall risk of concussion based on the peak linear and rotational accelerations experienced by the head during impact. The combined probability of concussion is unique in that it determines the likelihood of sustaining a concussion for a given impact, regardless of whether the injury would be reported or not. The risk curve was derived from data collected from instrumented football players (63,011 impacts including 37 concussions), which was adjusted to account for the underreporting of concussion. The predictive capability of this new metric is compared to that of single biomechanical parameters. The capabilities of these parameters to accurately predict concussion incidence were evaluated using two separate datasets: the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS) data and National Football League (NFL) data collected from impact reconstructions using dummies (58 impacts including 25 concussions). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and all parameters were significantly better at predicting injury than random guessing. The combined probability of concussion had the greatest area under the curve for all datasets. In the HITS dataset, the combined probability of concussion and linear acceleration were significantly better predictors of concussion than rotational acceleration alone, but not different from each other. In the NFL dataset, there were no significant differences between parameters. The combined probability of concussion is a valuable method to assess concussion risk in a laboratory setting for evaluating product safety.
Strategies for Covalent Multilayer Growth. 2. Interlayer Linking Chemistry (2002)

We report a strategy for the covalent assembly of polymer multilayers at interfaces, where growth is accomplished one layer at a time. The individual layer constituents are maleimide−vinyl ether alternating copolymers with side groups that possess reactive functionalities. The identity of the polymer layer side groups determines the chemistry we employ in interlayer linkage formation. We report on the selective creation of amide, ester, ether, urea, and urethane interlayer linkages. We achieve controlled multilayer growth using each of these covalent bonding schemes. The resulting multilayer structures show linear growth in terms of thickness, measured ellipsometrically, and total mass loading, measured by UV−visible and FTIR spectroscopies.
Resetting the Melatonin Rhythm with Light in Humans (1997)

The endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin in humans provides information regarding the resetting response of the human circadian timing system to changes in the light-dark (LD) cycle. Alterations in the LD cycle have both acute and chronic effects on the observed melatonin rhythm. Investigations to date have firmly established that the melatonin rhythm can be reentrained following an inversion of the LD cycle. Exposure to bright light and darkness given over a series of days can rapidly induce large-magnitude phase shifts of the melatonin rhythm. Even single pulses of bright light can shift the timing of the melatonin rhythm. Recent data have demonstrated that lower light intensities than originally believed are capable of resetting the melatonin rhythm and that stimulation of photopically sensitive photoreceptors (i.e., cones) is sufficient to reset the endogenous circadian melatonin rhythm. In addition to phase resetting, exposure to light of critical timing, strength, and duration can attenuate the amplitude of the endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin. Measurement of melatonin throughout resetting trials provides a dynamic view of the resetting response of the human circadian pacemaker to light. Future studies of the melatonin rhythm in humans may further characterize the resetting response of the human circadian timing system to light.
An aerosol inhalation study in the marmoset monkey: Deposition of FITC-dextrane in the lung (2003)

An aerosol inhalation study with the marmoset monkey was set up in view of acquiring generic knowledge of aerosol delivery in this species. The goal of the experiment was to determine the aerosol deposition in the lungs in relation to its respiration. The study was split into the followingparts: set up of an Aerosol Inhalation System (AIS) using a Fluorescein-isothiocyanate(FITC) labelled dextrane, respiration measurement of a marmoset and an in vitro study of the determination of FITC-dextrane in the lungs; a preparatory aerosol inhalation study in a rat and a final aerosol inhalation study in a marmoset.
The Transcriptome of Nrf2−/− Mice Provides Evidence for Impaired Cell Cycle Progression in the Development of Cigarette Smoke–Induced Emphysematous Changes (2010)

Cigarette smoke (CS) imposes a strong oxidative burden on exposed tissues resulting in a severely disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, which in the context of chronic exposure is assumed to be a key contributor to CS-related diseases. Because of its emerging central role in orchestrating the general cellular antioxidant response, the pathway leading to the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 has received mounting attention over the past decade in investigations aimed at elucidating CS-induced pathophysiological mechanisms. To comprehensively characterize the impact of Nrf2 in acute and subchronic smoking scenarios, Nrf2(-/-) mice and their wild-type (wt) ICR littermates were exposed to either ambient air (sham exposure) or one of three doses of CS for up to 5 months, with two postexposure endpoints of 1 and 13 days. The lungs of the mice were monitored for transcriptomic changes on a genome-wide level, which confirmed an impaired expression of antioxidant and phase 2-related genes in CS-exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice. Importantly, in comparison to wt mice, an attenuated cell cycle/mitotic response and intensified stress gene expression pattern were observed in exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice, which was paralleled by clear dose-dependent effects on alveolar destruction and impaired lung function. In contrast, the inflammation-related transcriptional response and scores for various bronchioalveolar inflammation parameters were qualitatively and quantitatively similar in CS-exposed mice of both genotypes. Taken together, these results confirm the protective nature of Nrf2 in oxidative stress scenarios and suggest that the enhanced emphysematous phenotype exhibited by CS-exposed Nrf2(-/-) mice is more likely caused by an imbalance in cell loss and regeneration than by increased inflammation.
Medical Informatics and Health Care in Oman (2001)

To the Editor: —I would like to introduce the readers of JAMIA to informatics contributions in the Sultanate of Oman health care system. The Ministry of Health provides health care services in a three-tiered system—primary health care (health centers, extended health centers), secondary health care (regional referral hospitals), and tertiary health care (tertiary referral teaching hospitals and a university hospital).

At present, data collection in the primary care tier is performed primarily by a health officer, who does a statistical compilation of the data generated in the clinics. There is no a standard data collection format; the format varies from clinic to clinic. For example, in a general outpatient department clinic, for example, the records include the various diseases seen and the number of patients examined by the general duty doctors. In a diabetes clinic, nurses complete paper reports recording, among other data, the number of patients attending the clinic, their age groups, their medications, whether cases are old or new, and patients' end-organ involvement. These data are then sent on a floppy disk to the regional statistical officer.

At a secondary health care facility (regional hospital), a medical record system collects information for better planning of health services. The source of data is the patient in a direct admission or, if the patient has been referred to the hospital, the referral letter. The medical records department collects all the data. The data entry is done using custom-designed software, which has a user-friendly data entry screen. In addition to the standard information—e.g., demographic information and admission details—the system collects information about the patient's tribe, the …
C−H Activation/Borylation/Oxidation:  A One-Pot Unified Route To Meta-Substituted Phenols Bearing Ortho-/Para-Directing Groups (2003)

An efficient one-pot C-H activation/borylation/oxidation protocol for the preparation of phenols is described. This method is particularly attractive for the generation of meta-substituted phenols bearing ortho-/para-directing groups, as such substrates are difficult to access by other phenol syntheses.
Political Allusions in the Supplices of Euripides (1890)

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Dehydroepiandrosterone Replacement in Women with Adrenal Insufficiency (1999)

Dehydroepiandrosterone improves well-being and sexuality in women with adrenal insufficiency.
Data Driven Language Transfer Hypotheses (2014)

Language transfer, the preferential second language behavior caused by similarities to the speaker's native language, requires considerable expertise to be detected by humans alone. Our goal in this work is to replace expert intervention by data-driven methods wherever possible. We define a computational methodology that produces a concise list of lexicalized syntactic patterns that are controlled for redundancy and ranked by relevancy to language transfer. We demonstrate the ability of our methodology to detect hundreds of such candidate patterns from currently available data sources, and validate the quality of the proposed patterns through classification experiments.