gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current laboratory practices in the diagnosis and management of haemophilia: a global assessment (2015)

Haemophilia management is complicated by the extreme variability in laboratory practices. Lack of consistency or comparability in testing makes it difficult to establish diagnostic criteria or disease severity, and complicates response assessment. A global survey was conducted to document current practices. A 35-min survey was completed by 30 laboratory scientists in each of seven countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, UK, USA; 210 in total); results were weighted by average country testing volume in haemophilia. Eighty-three per cent of participants reported participation in a Quality Assurance scheme. Ninety per cent reported using clotting tests in haemophilia A and 88% in haemophilia B (55% and 53% frequent use respectively). Sixty-eight per cent reported chromogenic assays were used in haemophilia A, with only 23% reporting frequent use, compared to only 11% reporting any use in haemophilia B. Twenty-nine separate activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reagents were reported for haemophilia A and 27 aPTT reagents were reported for haemophilia B, with one-quarter or less obtaining reagents or kits from any single manufacturer. Fifty-four per cent run a calibration curve with every factor VIII (FVIII) assay. The mean number of plasma dilutions varied from 2 to 4 for FVIII assays and from 1 to 3 for FIX assays. Results indicate very low consistency in materials and practices used to test for factor activity in haemophilia. A number of responses suggest that some laboratory scientists' understanding of best practices or guidelines in haemophilia could be improved. More education and broader understanding is recommended regarding assay types, assay components, test material and instrument features and capabilities.
Laboratory experience and guidelines for avoiding false positive polymerase chain reaction results. (1993)

Despite the widespread use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis of infectious diseases, the technology has not been generally introduced into routine diagnostic laboratories. One of the most serious problems which has influenced the acceptance of this technology is the occurrence of false positive PCR results. This study describes the experience, in a hospital laboratory setting, of using PCR for the diagnosis of heat-labile enterotoxin-producing E. coli, M. tuberculosis, M. paratuberculosis and human papillomavirus. Results indicate that a build-up of amplicons, generated during the amplification process in the laboratory, is the main source of PCR-contamination. Protocols are described that include both physical and chemical procedures to prevent contamination. The use of photo-induced psoralen is recommended for those laboratories already involved in PCR work where amplicons are likely to be present. An enzymatic system (uracil-N-glycosylase) was evaluated and is recommended for workers intending to start diagnostic PCR. Attention was given to simple control measures which are easily implemented in a routine diagnostic laboratory. Protocols such as these are likely to have a major impact on the introduction of PCR-based methods into routine laboratories.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of another variant of the Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin II family (1990)

Escherichia coli strain H.I.8 (O128:B12) produces low levels of a Shiga-like toxin (SLT) which we have called SLTIIva because of its close relationship with SLTIIv. The Vero cell cytotoxicity of SLTIIva is neutralized by antisera against SLTII and SLTIIv but not by antisera against SLTI. These data indicate that the SLT of strain H.I.8 is a member of the SLTII family. Since SLTIIva shares with SLTIIv the property of having low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells compared with Vero cells, it is appropriate to consider both toxins as variants of SLTII. SLTIIva differs from SLTIIv in that it is more heat-stable. Further, SLTIIv-producing strains of E. coli have only been isolated from pigs while the SLTIIva-producing E. coli strain examined in this study was isolated from a human infant with diarrhoea. The genes for this SLT were cloned from a cosmid library of total cellular DNA by screening recombinants for Vero cell toxicity and with a DNA probe derived from SLTIIv structural genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed on a 2.0 kb AvaII-HincII fragment which encodes the toxin gene. The nucleotide sequence data confirm the close relationship between SLTIIva and SLTIIv: they have 98% nucleotide sequence homology in the B subunit gene and 70.6% homology in the A subunit gene. Comparison of DNA sequences indicated that SLTIIva was most closely related to SLTIIv, closely related to SLTII and less closely related to SLTI.
Optogenetic neurostimulation of auricular vagus using flexible OLED display technology to treat chronic inflammatory disease and mental health disorders (2016)

The viability of a new biophotonic alternative to conventional prescription‐drug‐based treatments is explored for inflammatory disease and mental health disorders using a non‐invasive drug‐free optogenetics‐based therapy to treat patients by optically stimulating selected afferent branches of the auricular vagus nerve transcutaneously via the outer ear using a high‐resolution, addressable array of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) manufactured on a flexible plastic substrate. Preliminary analysis and optical measurements indicate that our 620 nm flexible red OLED display technology is bright enough to induce therapeutic optical stimulation in optogenetically modified neural tissue.
Kinetic Analysis of Thermite Reactions in Al-MoO3 Nanocomposites (2007)

Reactions in energetic Al-MoO 3 nanocomposites prepared by arrested reactive milling were investigated by scanning calorimetry and heated filament ignition experiments. The calorimetry data were processed to obtain kinetic parameters describing the reaction between Al and MoO 3 . The reaction was treated as a combination of four subreactions, which were described by a combination of a diffusion-controlled reaction model and first-order reactions. The activation energies determined in this study allowed the comparison to reference values for the decomposition of MOO 3 and the diffusion of oxygen through an Al 2 O 3 product layer. The kinetic model was extrapolated to high heating rates in the 10 3 -10 6 K/s range and compared to ignition data. It was concluded that ignition of Al-MoO 3 nanocomposites prepared by arrested reactive milling is primarily controlled by oxygen diffusion in Al 2 O 3 .
Bone Defect Repair with Tissue-Engineered Cartilage (1994)

We tested the efficacy of a new approach for the tissue-engineered growth of cartilage developed in our laboratory in repairing surgically created bone defects in the craniums of rats. Large cranial defects were created bilaterally in the frontoparietotemporal bones of athymic nude rats (n = 10). There was gross evidence of new cartilage in 8 of 10 experimental defects that had been filled with a synthetic biocompatible, biodegradable polymer template that had been seeded in vitro with freshly isolated chondrocytes. The control defects, filled with either nothing at all or a polymer template without chondrocytes, showed no evidence of cartilaginous repair (0 of 10). Statistical analysis using McNemar's test with pooled samples showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). Prior reports concerning the biologic repair of bony defects involved stimulation of adjacent mesenchymal tissue and resulted in ingrowth of new bone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of structural cartilaginous repair of a bony defect with matrix secreted by implanted chondrocytes.
Eraser (1997)

Multithreaded programming is difficult and error prone. It is easy to make a mistake in synchronization that produces a data race, yet it can be extremely hard to locate this mistake during debugging. This article describes a new tool, called Eraser, for dynamically detecting data races in lock-based multithreaded programs. Eraser uses binary rewriting techniques to monitor every shared-monory reference and verify that consistent locking behavior is observed. We present several case studies, including undergraduate coursework and a multithreaded Web search engine, that demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
User defined data types in APL2 (1989)

This paper is an investigation of possible definitions of new enclose-like functions, their impact on the APL 2 language, and their usefulness in applications. Several variants of enclose have been proposed over the years that range from data structure primitives to data type producing primitives. Operator analogues of enclose can be used to create functions that pervade structures and types in different ways. Defined operators can implement type hierarchy and respond to fill items in prototype execution by referring to tables of type characteristics.
Mutations that define the promoter of ompF, a gene specifying a major outer membrane porin protein (1985)

Expression of the major porin structural genes, ompF and ompC, is influenced by medium osmotic strength and requires the products of two regulatory genes, ompR and envZ. To help define the sites required for the expression of both porin genes, we have used a novel selection to identify mutations that decrease ompF transcription. From our assignment of the mRNA start site by the primer extension method, these mutations appear to delineate poorly conserved -10 and -35 consensus promoter regions. In addition, one mutation provides the first genetic evidence that an A residue at position -45 may be important for RNA polymerase recognition.
Human erythropoietin receptor: cloning, expression, and biologic characterization (1990)

We have isolated the human homologue of the murine erythropoietin receptor (mEPO-R) from an erythroleukemia line, OCIM1, and from fetal liver. Both the cDNA and protein sequence of the human receptor were 82% homologous to the mEPO-R. Heterologous expression of the human cDNA in COS cells yielded a protein of about 66 Kd. The protein could be specifically immunoprecipitated with either an antibody raised against the amino terminus of mEPO-R or by a monoclonal antibody that bound EPO bound to its receptor. Cross-linking of radioiodinated EPO to COS cells expressing the human EPO-R gave apparent molecular weights of 66 and 100 Kd for the receptor. The murine interleukin-3-dependent pre-B-lymphocyte cell line, Ba/F3, was made EPO-dependent by transfection of the human cDNA into the cells and selecting for growth in EPO-containing media.
A new biodegradable polyester elastomer for cartilage tissue engineering (2006)

The objective of this study is to assess whether a new biodegradable elastomer, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) (POC), would be a suitable material to engineer elastomeric scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Porous POC scaffolds were prepared via the salt-leaching method and initially assessed for their ability to rapidly recover from compressive deformation (% recovery ratio). Controls consisted of scaffolds made from other materials commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering, including 2% agarose, 4% alginate, non woven poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) meshes, and non woven poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) meshes. Articular chondrocytes from bovine knee were isolated and seeded onto porous disk-shaped POC scaffolds, which were subsequently cultured in vitro for up to 28 days. POC scaffolds completely recover from compressive deformation, and the stress-strain curve is typical of an elastomer (recovery ratio>98%). Agarose gel (2%) scaffolds broke during the compression test. The recovery ratio of 4% alginate gel scaffolds, PLLA, and PGA were 72, 85, and 88%, respectively. The Young's modulus of POC-chondrocyte constructs and cell-free POC scaffolds cultured for 28 days were 12.02+/-2.26 kPa and 3.27+/-0.72 kPa, respectively. After 28 days of culture, the recovery ratio of POC-chondrocyte constructs and cell-free POC scaffolds were 93% and 99%, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content at day 28 was 36% and 26% of that found in bovine knee cartilage explants. Histology/immunohistochemistry evaluations confirm that chondrocytes were able to attach to the pore walls within the scaffold, maintain cell phenotype, and form a cartilaginous tissue during the 28 days of culture.
Rizatriptan (Maxalt®), a new entity of triptan for migraine: pharmacology and therapeutic relevance (2004)

Rizatriptan is a highly potent, selective serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D)-receptor agonist. Current theories on the mechanism of migraine suggest the central role of vasodilation of intracranial, extracerebral blood vessels and activation of perivascular trigeminal sensory nerves. There abundantly exist 5-HT(1B) receptors in meningeal blood vessels and 5-HT(1D) receptors in the trigeminal ganglia. The therapeutic activity of rizatriptan in migraine can most likely be attributed to agonist effects at 5-HT(1B/1D) receptors on these target sites. Two types of the 10 mg formulation, a tablet (Maxalt) tablet) and an orally disintegrating tablet (Maxalt)RPD tablet), are available. The latter may have a clinical relevance for patients who administer it without liquid. Pharmacokinetic study demonstrated the approximate T(max) of 1.0 or 1.1 h in tablets and 1.3 h in RPD tablets, resulting in early onset for headache relief and also pain free. Bioavailability was estimated to be about 45%. The efficacy and good tolerability and underlying profiles of pharmacokinetics of rizatriptan are almost similar between Japanese and other races, and a reduction in headache response up to 2 h can be attained in a large majority of patients. Several reports have described the favorable clinical profile of rizatriptan in comparison to other triptans. Rizatriptan is thus effective and provides migraine sufferers with an appropriate quality of life.
Lagrange multiplier selection in hybrid video coder control (2002)

Lagrangian coder control with parameter choice is presented that lead to the creation of the new hybrid video coder specifications TMN-10 for H.263 and TML for H.26L. An efficient approach for the determination of the encoding parameters is developed. It is shown by means of experimental results that the Lagrange multiplier for the macroblock mode decision corresponds to the negative slope of the distortion-rate curve of the prediction error coding. This distortion-rate curve is parameterized by the quantization parameter of the DCT coefficients motivating the established dependency with the Lagrange multiplier.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate from Lycium chinense has hepatoprotective activity. (1997)

We previously reported the isolation of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin dipalmitate using bioactivity-guided fractionation to discover hepatoprotective components of Lycium chinense against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The present study was designed to uncover the effects of zeaxanthin dipalmitate on hepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells in vitro. Uptake of [3H]thymidine by cultured rat Ito cells in response to zeaxanthin dipalmitate was measured. Collagen synthesis was assessed by the collagenase digestion method. The effects of zeaxanthin dipalmitate on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages were also assayed. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate showed a significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels declined significantly with the treatment of the compound in a concentration dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate significantly inhibited the uptake of [3H]thymidine by Ito cells. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate also reduced collagen synthesis in Ito cells by 65.1% (p < 0.05) as compared to untreated controls. The formation of NO in either Kupffer cells or in peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by zeaxanthin dipalmitate in a concentration dependent manner. The release of TNF-alpha was somewhat less affected by the compound. From these results, we conclude that zeaxanthin dipalmitate exerts a potent hepatoprotective activity by inhibiting Ito cell proliferation, collagen synthesis and by inhibiting certain biochemical functions of Kupffer cells.
A phase I trial of the trifunctional anti Her2 × anti CD3 antibody ertumaxomab in patients with advanced solid tumors (2016)

EudraCT number: 2011-003201-14; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01569412.
Bacteriotherapy in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A Retrospective Review (2012)

Purpose: CFS is both difficult to diagnose and to treat due to its complex and multifactorial etiology. CFS is considered an exclusionary diagnosis in the absence of known etiological causes such as hyperthyroidism and anaemia, and is characterised by persistent (>6 months) disabling fatigue1. Bacterial and viral species have been known to trigger CFS symptoms such as EBV, B. burgdorferi, Coxiella and Brucella, species. Current inadequate symptom-specific therapies include cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercises. We previously reported 40% improvement in a sub-group of constipation-predominant IBS patients with CFS2. These findings led to speculation of an enteric flora-derived bacterial etiology in CFS. Here we review a larger cohort who had undergone bacteriotherapy for CFS, with long-term follow up. Methods: A total of 60 patients presented with CFS (52 IBS-CFS, 4 Constipation-CFS, 4 CFS) (36F, 24M m: 55 ± 11.5yrs). 5/60 CFS patients received a single transcolonoscopic (TC) infusion of 300cc culture comprising 13 nonpathogenic enteric bacteria [Bacteroidetes, Clostridia, E coli]. 52/60 patients underwent 2 day infusion (TC and rectal infusion) while 3/60 underwent three day rectal infusion schedule (TC and 2 day rectal infusion). Response/non-response was defined as a resolution/return of CFS symptoms (sleep deprivation, lethargy/fatigue) at 4 week follow-up. Results: 35/60 patients responded to initial bacteriotherapy treatment. 10/15 patients who failed initial bacteriotherapy were offered a secondary TC infusion and either; follow up rectal infusion (n=4) or an oral course of cultured bacteria (n=6). Of these 7/10 responded to therapy. Hence a total of 42/60 (70%) patients achieved clinical response post bacteriotherapy and of this 37/42 also experienced resolution of associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Of 18 nonresponders, 10 attained associated GI symptom improvement despite persisting CFS symptoms. At 15-20yr follow-up 12/60 patients were contactable and 7/12 (58%) remains CFS-free. 5/12 experienced CFS recurrence approx 1.5-3 years post bacteriotherapy. Conclusion: Bacteriotherapy achieves initial success rate of 70% in CFS and 58% sustained response. This result is favourable when compared with current therapies where fewer than 10% recover fully and a further 10%-20% worsen during follow-up.1 Given that manipulation of the colonic microbiota improved CFS symptoms, bacteriotherapy for CFS warrants further investigation. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of CFS could be in part explained by enteric derived toxin-releasing bacteria capable of producing systemic effects.
An Open Trial of Olanzapine in Anorexia Nervosa (2004)

These data lend support to the possibility that olanzapine may be useful in treating anorexia nervosa. However, a controlled trial is necessary to demonstrate that olanzapine is efficacious.
Interdependence of the Kinetics of NTP Hydrolysis and the Stability of the RecA−ssDNA Complex (2001)

The ssDNA-dependent NTP hydrolysis activity of the RecA protein was examined using a series of dTn oligomers ranging in size from dT10 to dT2000 as the ssDNA effector. There were three distinct manifestations of the dTn-dependent NTP hydrolysis reaction, depending on the length of the dTn effector that was used. With longer dTn oligomers, NTP hydrolysis occurred with a turnover number of 20-25 min(-1) and the observed S0.5 value for the NTP was independent of the concentration of the dTn oligomer (DNA concentration-independent hydrolysis). With dTn oligomers of intermediate length, NTP hydrolysis still occurred with a turnover number of 20-25 min(-1), but the observed S0.5 for the NTP decreased with increasing dTn concentration until reaching a value similar to that obtained with the longer dTn oligomers (DNA concentration-dependent hydrolysis). With shorter dTn oligomers, the NTP hydrolysis activity was effectively eliminated. Although this general progression of kinetic behavior was observed for the three structurally related NTPs (dATP, ATP, and GTP), the dTn oligomer length at which DNA concentration-independent, DNA concentration-dependent, and no NTP hydrolysis was observed depended on the NTP being considered. For example, dATP (S0.5 = 35 microM) was hydrolyzed in the presence of dT20, whereas ATP (S0.5 = 70 microM) and GTP (S0.5 = 1200 microM) required at least dT50 and dT200 for hydrolysis, respectively. These results are discussed in terms of a kinetic model in which the stability of the RecA-ssDNA-NTP complex is dependent on the intrinsic S0.5 value of the NTP being hydrolyzed.
Supramolecular Control of Reactivity in the Solid State Using Linear Templates (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview The Assembler and Linear Templates Template-directed Solid-state Organic Synthesis Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Expression of the recombinant anchorless N-terminal domain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) receptor makes hamster of human cells susceptible to MHV infection (1996)

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) receptor, the receptor for the murine coronavirus MHV, was expressed in MHV-resistant hamster and human cells as a series of mutant, recombinant glycoproteins with carboxy-terminal deletions lacking the cytoplasmic tail, transmembrane domain, and various amounts of the immunoglobulin constant-region-like domains. The soluble receptor glycoproteins containing the N-terminal virus-binding domain were released into the supernatant medium and inactivated the infectivity of MHV-A59 virions in a concentration-dependent manner. Surprisingly, some of the anchorless glycoproteins were found on the plasma membranes of transfected cells by flow cytometry, and these cells were rendered susceptible to infection with three strains of MHV. Thus, in the cells in which the anchorless, recombinant receptor glycoprotein is synthesized, some of the protein is bound to an unidentified moiety on the plasma membrane, which allows it to serve as a functional virus receptor.
B‐lymphocyte depletion ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome in Id3 knockout mice (2007)

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells chronically attack the lachrymal and salivary glands. The Id3 knockout mouse is a newly established animal model for primary Sjögren's syndrome. To address the role of B cells in Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune disease, we studied the effect of CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment on the disease in Id3 knockout mice. Antibody treatment at 2-month intervals led to efficient and sustained B-cell depletion in Id3 knockout mice. A significant improvement of histopathology was observed accompanied by the recovery of saliva secretory function after CD20 antibody treatment. We further show that serum immunoglobulin G3, which is abnormally high in untreated Id3 knockout mice, was reduced after CD20 antibody treatment. This study establishes a new animal model for immunotherapy of Sjögren's symptoms and suggests a possible link between immunoglobulin G3 and disease pathology in Id3 knockout mice.