gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MediaMill TRECVID 2004 Semantic Video Search Engine (2004)

In this paper we describe our TRECVID 2008 video retrieval experiments. The MediaMill team participated in three tasks: concept detection, automatic search, and interactive search. Rather than continuing to increase the number of concept detectors available for retrieval, our TRECVID 2008 experiments focus on increasing the robustness of a small set of detectors. To that end, our concept detection experiments emphasize in particular the role of sampling, the value of color invariant features, the influence of codebook construction, and the effectiveness of kernel-based learning parameters. For retrieval, a robust but limited set of concept detectors necessitates the need to rely on as many auxiliary information channels as possible. Therefore, our automatic search experiments focus on predicting which information channel to trust given a certain topic, leading to a novel framework for predictive video retrieval. To improve the video retrieval results further, our interactive search experiments investigate the roles of visualizing preview results for a certain browse-dimension and active learning mechanisms that learn to solve complex search topics by analysis from user browsing behavior. The 2008 edition of the TRECVID benchmark has been the most successful MediaMill participation to date, resulting in the top ranking for both concept detection and interactive search, and a runner-up ranking for automatic retrieval. Again a lot has been learned during this year’s TRECVID campaign; we highlight the most important lessons at the end of this paper.
Notch Signaling in Development and Cancer (2007)

Notch is an evolutionarily conserved local cell signaling mechanism that participates in a variety of cellular processes: cell fate specification, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and angiogenesis. These processes can be subverted in Notch-mediated pathological situations. In the first part of this review, we will discuss the role of Notch in vertebrate central nervous system development, somitogenesis, cardiovascular and endocrine development, with attention to the mechanisms by which Notch regulates cell fate specification and patterning in these tissues. In the second part, we will review the molecular aspects of Notch-mediated neoplasias, where Notch can act as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor. From all these studies, it becomes evident that the outcome of Notch signaling is strictly context-dependent and differences in the strength, timing, cell type, and context of the signal may affect the final outcome. It is essential to understand how Notch integrates inputs from other signaling pathways and how specificity is achieved, because this knowledge may be relevant for future therapeutic applications.
Solubilization and Chemical Characterization of an Insoluble Matrix Protein in the Gastroliths of a Crayfish,Procambarus clarkii (1998)

The gastrolith of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii contains a small amount of an organic matrix that is mainly chitin and proteins, together with a large amount of calcium carbonate. As the first step to understand the mechanism of calcification, we tried to characterize matrix proteins in the gastrolith. An insoluble matrix protein, referred to as gastrolith matrix protein, was made soluble with 1% SDS containing 10 mM dithiothreitol, and was purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The protein had a molecular weight of about 50,500 and a blocked amino terminus. By enzymatic digestion and microsequencing, five partial amino acid sequences with a total of 225 amino acid residues were identified and found to include a repetitive sequence not reported previously.
Fetus in Fetu: A Case Report & Review of Literatures (2013)

Fetus- in- fetu is a rare abnormality secondary to the abnormal embryogenesis in a diamniotic, monochorionic pregnancy. It is a rare pathological condition and fewer than 200 cases have been reported in the literature. We are reporting a case in which a 15 year old girl presented with a painful lump in left upper abdomen. Preoperative imaging, exploration and macroscopic examination of the excised specimen revealed it a case of fetus- in - fetu. This case is unique in terms of age of presentation and mature fetus like external appearance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15162 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 36-39
Troglitazone Inhibits Formation of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice (2001)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor expressed in all of the major cell types found in atherosclerotic lesions: monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. In vitro, PPARgamma ligands inhibit cell proliferation and migration, 2 processes critical for vascular lesion formation. In contrast to these putative antiatherogenic activities, PPARgamma has been shown in vitro to upregulate the CD36 scavenger receptor, which could promote foam cell formation. Thus, it is unclear what impact PPARgamma activation will have on the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This issue is important because thiazolidinediones, which are ligands for PPARgamma, have recently been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, a state of accelerated atherosclerosis. We report herein that the PPARgamma ligand, troglitazone, inhibited lesion formation in male low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed either a high-fat diet, which also induces type 2 diabetes, or a high-fructose diet. Troglitazone decreased the accumulation of macrophages in intimal xanthomas, consistent with our in vitro observation that troglitazone and another thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone, inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-directed transendothelial migration of monocytes. Although troglitazone had some beneficial effects on metabolic risk factors (in particular, a reduction of insulin levels in the diabetic model), none of the systemic cardiovascular risk factors was consistently improved in either model. These observations suggest that the inhibition of early atherosclerotic lesion formation by troglitazone may result, at least in part, from direct effects of PPARgamma activation in the artery wall.
[Clinical significance of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in myocardial infarct]. (1989)

The authors analyze data of determination of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor in patients with myocardial infarction depending on the severity of the disease. It is suggested that the quantitative values of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitors of the blood plasma may be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease in the sense of correction inhibitor therapy and individual management.
Dynamic structure of DNA complexes. Fluorometric measurement of hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics of DNA-bound ethidium dimer and acridine-ethidium dimer (1983)

The hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange kinetics of free and DNA-bound ethidium dimer and acridine-ethidium heterodimer were measured by stopped flow using fluorescence detection. This technique allowed a very accurate measurement of the exchange process. The H-D exchange kinetics were measured in various environments. In some cases, it was observed that the H-D exchange was much faster than the dissociation rate of dimer-DNA complexes. This showed that the exchange was taking place directly from the bound state. Furthermore, the action of a catalyst (imidazolium ion) on the rate of H-D exchange showed that a dynamic structural fluctuation of the ligand in its DNA complex was a necessary step on the exchange process.
Protein identification by peptide mass fingerprinting. (1994)

A mass spectrum of the peptide mixture resulting from the digestion of a protein by an enzyme can provide a fingerprint of great specificity--so specific, in fact, that it is often possible to identify the protein from this information alone, without ambiguity. The general approach is to take a small sample of the protein of interest and digest it with a proteolytic enzyme, such as trypsin. The resulting digest mixture is analyzed by mass spectrometry, the ionization techniques of choice being matrix-assisted laser desorption or electrospray ionization. The experimental mass values are then compared with a database of peptide mass values, calculated by applying the enzyme cleavage rules to the entries in one of the major collections of sequence data, such as SwissProt or PIR. By using an appropriate scoring algorithm, the closest match or matches can be identified. If the "unknown" protein was present in the sequence database, then the goal is to identify that precise entry. If the sequence database does not contain the unknown protein, then a successful search will identify those entries that exhibit the closest sequence homology, often equivalent proteins from related species. An inverted strategy, in which experimental peptide mass fingerprints are accumulated in a database, has significant potential for identifying coding regions within sequence data from genomic DNA and, in doing so, correlating the genes with their expressed proteins. This review aims to provide an overview of the technique, compare the different database matching algorithms which have been described in the literature, and discuss the practical and theoretical factors which influence identification accuracy.
Interleukin 6, a Nuclear Factor-κB Target, Predicts Resistance to Docetaxel in Hormone-Independent Prostate Cancer and Nuclear Factor-κB Inhibition by PS-1145 Enhances Docetaxel Antitumor Activity (2006)

Inhibition of NF-kappaB emerges as an attractive strategy to enhance docetaxel response in prostate cancer. The interest of this view is further supported by a significant association between high IL-6 in sera of HIPC patients and decreased response to docetaxel.
Wrapping up BLAST and other applications for use on Unix clusters (2003)

The packages were developed in Perl on a 20-node Linux cluster and are provided together with a configuration script and documentation. They can be freely downloaded from http://wolfe.gen.tcd.ie/wrapper.
Sequence and characterization of Bacillus subtilis CheB, a homolog of Escherichia coli CheY, and its role in a different mechanism of chemotaxis (1991)

The Bacillus subtilis gene encoding CheB, which is homologous to Escherichia coli CheY, the regulator of flagellar rotation, has been cloned and sequenced. It has been verified, using a phage T7 expression system, by showing that a small protein, the same size as E. coli CheY, is actually made from this DNA. Despite the fact that the two proteins are 36% identical, with many highly conserved residues, they appear to play different roles. Unlike CheY null mutants, which swim smoothly, CheB null mutants tumble incessantly. However, a CheB point mutant swims smoothly, even in the presence of a plasmid bearing cheB, which restores the null mutants to wild type. Expression of CheB in wild type B. subtilis makes the cells exhibit more tumbling. Since both absence of CheB and presence of high levels of CheB cause tumbling, CheB appears to be required, in certain circumstances, for both smooth swimming and tumbling. Expression in wild type E. coli makes the cells smooth swimmers and strongly inhibits chemotaxis.
Overview of BioCreative II gene mention recognition (2008)

Nineteen teams presented results for the Gene Mention Task at the BioCreative II Workshop. In this task participants designed systems to identify substrings in sentences corresponding to gene name mentions. A variety of different methods were used and the results varied with a highest achieved F1 score of 0.8721. Here we present brief descriptions of all the methods used and a statistical analysis of the results. We also demonstrate that, by combining the results from all submissions, an F score of 0.9066 is feasible, and furthermore that the best result makes use of the lowest scoring submissions.
Paul Langevin’s 1908 paper “On the Theory of Brownian Motion” [“Sur la théorie du mouvement brownien,” C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 146, 530–533 (1908)] (1997)

We present a translation of Paul Langevin’s landmark paper. In it Langevin successfully applied Newtonian dynamics to a Brownian particle and so invented an analytical approach to random processes which has remained useful to this day.
General anesthetics. 2. Halogenated methyl isopropyl ethers (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral anesthetics. 2. Halogenated methyl isopropyl ethersLouise Speers, Alex J. Szur, Ross C. Terrell, John Treadwell, and Thomas U. UcciardiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 7, 593–595Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00289a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00289a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Constituents of Leaves and Roots of Gymnosporia montana (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Constituents of Leaves and Roots of Gymnosporia montanaK. Akshaya Kumar and G. SrimannarayanaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 5, 625–628Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50017a026https://doi.org/10.1021/np50017a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiulcer Activity of Grape Seed Extract and Procyanidins (1998)

It is known that procyanidins, which are contained in grape seeds, are antioxidative and have certain biological effects. Antiulcer activities of grape seed extracts (GSE-I and GSE-II) and procyanidins were investigated using rats. GSE-I (with low flavanol content), GSE-II (with high flavanol content), and procyanidins at a dose of 200 mg/kg strongly inhibited the stomach mucosal injury induced by 60% ethanol containing 150 mM hydrochloride. This suppressive effect seems dependent on the content of procyanidin oligomers. Procyanidin oligomers (dimers to hexamers) were prepared and studied for their antiulcer activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The gastric protective activity of a series of procyanidins increased with the increasing polymerization of catechin units. Oligomers longer than tetramers showed a strong protective effect against gastric mucosal damage. The binding ability of procyanidin oligomers to bovine serum albumin in the acidified solution was strengthened with the increase of molecules. The mechanism of antiulcer activity may be the protection by radical scavenging activity on the stomach surface against radical injury induced by HCl/EtOH solution and the defense action of procyanidins covering the stomach surface by their strong ability to bind protein. Keywords: Grape seed extract; antiulcer activity; procyanidin; oligomer; radical scavenging activity; HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer
Anticonvulsant drugs for acute and chronic pain (2000)

Although anticonvulsants are used widely in chronic pain surprisingly few trials show analgesic effectiveness. No trial compared different anticonvulsants. There is no evidence that anticonvulsants are effective for acute pain. In chronic pain syndromes other than trigeminal neuralgia anticonvulsants should be withheld until other interventions have been tried.
Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific F-box protein highly expressed during muscle atrophy (2001)

Muscle wasting is a debilitating consequence of fasting, inactivity, cancer, and other systemic diseases that results primarily from accelerated protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To identify key factors in this process, we have used cDNA microarrays to compare normal and atrophying muscles and found a unique gene fragment that is induced more than ninefold in muscles of fasted mice. We cloned this gene, which is expressed specifically in striated muscles. Because this mRNA also markedly increases in muscles atrophying because of diabetes, cancer, and renal failure, we named it atrogin-1. It contains a functional F-box domain that binds to Skp1 and thereby to Roc1 and Cul1, the other components of SCF-type Ub-protein ligases (E3s), as well as a nuclear localization sequence and PDZ-binding domain. On fasting, atrogin-1 mRNA levels increase specifically in skeletal muscle and before atrophy occurs. Atrogin-1 is one of the few examples of an F-box protein or Ub-protein ligase (E3) expressed in a tissue-specific manner and appears to be a critical component in the enhanced proteolysis leading to muscle atrophy in diverse diseases.
Temporal variation and factors affecting measurement of canine von Willebrand factor (1996)

Multiple tests may be necessary to obtain a reliable estimate of vWf concentration in dogs.
Robotic control in knee joint replacement surgery (2007)

A brief history of robotic systems in knee arthroplasty is provided. The place of autonomous robots is then discussed and compared to more recent 'hands-on' robotic systems that can be more cost effective. The case is made for robotic systems to have a clear justification, with improved benefits compared to those from cheaper navigation systems. A number of more recent, smaller, robot systems for knee arthroplasty are also described. A specific example is given of an active constraint medical robot, the ACROBOT system, used in a prospective randomized controlled trial of unicondylar robotic knee arthroplasty in which the robot was compared to conventional surgery. The results of the trial are presented together with a discussion of the need for measures of accuracy to be introduced so that the efficacy of the robotic surgery can be immediately identified, rather than have to wait for a number of years before long-term clinical improvements can be demonstrated.
What automated analyses of corpora can tell us about students’ writing skills (2010)

A particular application of corpus analysis, automated essay scoring (AES) can reveal much about students’ writing skills. In this article we present research undertaken at Educational Testing Service (ETS) as part of its ongoing commitment to developing effective AES systems. AES systems have certain advantages. They can: (a) produce scores similar to those assigned trained human raters, (b) provide a single consistent metric for scoring, and (c) automate linguistic analyses. However, to understand student writing, we may need to look beyond the final essay in various ways, to consider both the process and the product. By broadening our definition of corpora, to capture the dynamics of written composition, it may become possible to identify profiles of writing behavior.
The sketch lsystem: Global control of tree modeling using free-form strokes (2006)

L-system is a tool commonly used for modeling and simulating the growth of plants. In this paper, we propose a new tree modeling system based on L-system that allows the user to control the overall appearance and the depth of recursion, which represents the level of growth, easily and directly, by drawing a single stroke. We introduce a new module into L-system whose growth direction is determined by a user-drawn stroke. As the user draws the stroke, the system gradually advances the growth simulation and creates a tree model along the stroke. Our technique is the first attempt to control the growth of a simulation in L-system using stroke input.
Involvement of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 (INK4a) in replicative senescence of normal human fibroblasts (1996)

Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) can be grown in culture for a finite number of population doublings before they cease proliferation and enter a growth-arrest state termed replicative senescence. The retinoblastoma gene product, Rb, expressed in these cells is hypophosphorylated. To determine a possible mechanism by which senescent human fibroblasts maintain a hypophosphorylated Rb, we examined the expression levels and interaction of the Rb kinases, CDK4 and CDK6, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p16 in senescent HDFs. Cellular p21 protein expression increased dramatically during the final two to three passages when the majority of cells lost their growth potential and neared senescence but p21 levels declined in senescent HDFs. During this period, p16 mRNA and cellular protein levels gradually rose with the protein levels in senescent HDFs reaching nearly 40-fold higher than early passage cells. In senescent HDFs, p16 was shown to be complexed to both CDK4 and CDK6. Immunodepletion analysis of p21 and p16 from the senescent cell extracts revealed that p16 is the major CDK inhibitor for both CDK4 and CDK6 kinases. Immunoprecipitation of CDK4 and CDK6 and their associated proteins from radiolabeled extracts from senescent HDFs showed no other CDK inhibitors. Based upon these results, we propose that senescence is a multistep process requiring the expression of both p21 and p16. p16 up-regulation is a key event in the terminal stages of growth arrest in senescence, which may explain why p16 but not p21 is commonly mutated in immortal cells and human tumors.