gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative damage and metabolic dysfunction in Huntington's disease: Selective vulnerability of the basal ganglia (1997)

The etiology of the selective neuronal death that occurs in Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Several lines of evidence implicate the involvement of energetic defects and oxidative damage in the disease process, including a recent study that demonstrated an interaction between huntingtin protein and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Using spectrophotometric assays in postmortem brain tissue, we found evidence of impaired oxidative phosphorylation enzyme activities restricted to the basal ganglia in HD brain, while enzyme activities were unaltered in three regions relatively spared by HD pathology (frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and cerebellum). Citrate synthase-corrected complex II-III activity was markedly reduced in both HD caudate (-29%) and putamen (-67%), and complex IV activity was reduced in HD putamen (-62%). Complex I and GAPDH activities were unaltered in all regions examined. We also measured levels of the oxidative damage product 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (OH8dG) in nuclear DNA, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. OH8dG levels were significantly increased in HD caudate. Cytosolic SOD activity was slightly reduced in HD parietal cortex and cerebellum, whereas particulate SOD activity was unaltered in these regions. These results further support a role for metabolic dysfunction and oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of HD.
THE APPLICATION OF INTERVAL ANALYSIS TO ECONOMIC DECISION EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY SYSTEMS (1994)

Abstract A general model for decision evaluation is presented which consists of engineering, economic, and decision evaluation submodels. The methodology utilizes interval mathematics, which offers a new approach to modeling parameter uncertainty and transforms results from the engineering and economic models into indices that are used for performing pairwisc comparisons between alternative designs A distribution case study which considers eight alternative designs is presented. Sample results are presented in terms of the proposed decision evaluation vector and display.
Crystal Structure of the Interleukin-15·Interleukin-15 Receptor α Complex (2007)

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. IL-15 is unique among cytokines due to its participation in a trans signaling mechanism in which IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Ralpha) from one subset of cells presents IL-15 to neighboring IL-2Rbeta/gammac-expressing cells. Here we present the crystal structure of IL-15 in complex with the sushi domain of IL-15Ralpha. The structure reveals that the alpha receptor-binding epitope of IL-15 adopts a unique conformation, which, together with amino acid substitutions, permits specific interactions with IL-15Ralpha that account for the exceptionally high affinity of the IL-15.IL-15Ralpha complex. Interestingly, analysis of the topology of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha at the IL-15.IL-15Ralpha interface suggests that IL-15 should be capable of participating in a cis signaling mechanism similar to that of the related cytokine IL-2. Indeed, we present biochemical data demonstrating that IL-15 is capable of efficiently signaling in cis through IL-15Ralpha and IL-2Rbeta/gammac expressed on the surface of a single cell. Based on our data we propose that cis presentation of IL-15 may be important in certain biological contexts and that flexibility of IL-15Ralpha permits IL-15 and its three receptor components to be assembled identically at the ligand-receptor interface whether IL-15 is presented in cis or trans. Finally, we have gained insights into IL-15.IL-15Ralpha.IL-2Rbeta.gammac quaternary complex assembly through the use of molecular modeling.
Nucleic acid analysis: principles and bioapplications. (1996)

Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Principles and Strategies Generation of Nucleic Acid Probe Molecules Non-Isotopic DNA Labeling Strategies Approaches to Genetic Analyses - Genetic Disease and Screening Approaches to Genetic Analyses - Forensics Approaches to Infectious Disease Diagnosis Diagnostic Nucleic Acid Probe Technology in Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Nucleic Acid Probes in Human Medicine: Applications, Present and Future Developments in Food Technology: Application, Regulatory and Economic Considerations Current Development and Applications of Nucleic Acid Technology in the Environmental Sciences.
σ-π molecular dielectric multilayers for low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (2005)

Very thin (2.3-5.5 nm) self-assembled organic dielectric multilayers have been integrated into organic thin-film transistor structures to achieve sub-1-V operating characteristics. These new dielectrics are fabricated by means of layer-by-layer solution phase deposition of molecular silicon precursors, resulting in smooth, nanostructurally well defined, strongly adherent, thermally stable, virtually pinhole-free, organosiloxane thin films having exceptionally large electrical capacitances (up to approximately 2,500 nF.cm(-2)), excellent insulating properties (leakage current densities as low as 10(-9) A.cm(-2)), and single-layer dielectric constant (k)of approximately 16. These 3D self-assembled multilayers enable organic thin-film transistor function at very low source-drain, gate, and threshold voltages (<1 V) and are compatible with a broad variety of vapor- or solution-deposited p- and n-channel organic semiconductors.
Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Calculations and Properties of Nonionic and Nonionic–Anionic Surfactants Based on Fatty Alkyl Succinate (2014)

Abstract Two surfactants based on maleic anhydride were synthesized by esterification with fatty alcohols C 10 , C 12 and C 14 to produce half esters [I–III]. Nonionic surfactant monoesters [I–III]a–c synthesized by ethoxylation of [I–III] with different moles of ethylene oxide [6, 8 and 10] in the presence of K10 clay as an untraditionally catalyst. The later products were sulfonated to produce nonionic–anionic surfactants [IV–VI]a–c. The structures of synthesized surfactant were elucidated by FTIR and 1 H‐NMR data. Their surface activity and biodegradability were determined. All the synthesized surfactants showed good surface activity and biodegradability, but anionic‐nonionic type has better effect than nonionic one. Quantum chemical calculations were utilized to explore the electronic structure and stability of these compounds. Computational studies have been carried out at the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbitals level, to establish the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, ionization potential energy and ESP mapping of these compounds. Also, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxic properties were studied to gain a clear view of the oral bioavailability of these compounds.
The Challenge of Atropisomerism in Drug Discovery (2009)

A twist in the tale: Recent reports have highlighted solutions to the problems encountered when drug candidates exist as slowly interconverting conformers or atropisomers (see scheme). This Minireview brings together the various strategies that have been adopted and proposes a general approach to handling an aspect of stereochemistry which has received little attention from drug regulatory agencies.
62 Comedy Duet Scenes for Teens (2015)

Written specifically for secondary drama students, the book contains short two-person scenes for two women, two men, or one man and one woman. The scenes deal with subjects that high school students will relate to such as break-ups, clunker cars, homework woes, school projects, difficult teachers, and crushes. Most of the characters are high school age though some older characters are present and provide opportunities for stretching characterization. The familiar settings and minimal prop needs insure that they can easily be performed in a drama classroom.
Multichannel Voice Detection In Adverse Environments (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Targeted Cancer Therapy: The Next Generation of Cancer Treatment (2015)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States along with heart disease. The hallmark of cancer treatment has been conventional chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target not only rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, but also certain normal cells, such as intestinal epithelium. Over the past several years, a new generation of cancer treatment has come to the forefront, i.e, targeted cancer therapies. Like conventional chemotherapy, targeted cancer therapies use pharmacological agents that inhibit growth, increase cell death and restrict the spread of cancer. As the name suggests, targeted therapies interfere with specific proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Rather than using broad base cancer treatments, focusing on specific molecular changes which are unique to a particular cancer, targeted cancer therapies may be more therapeutically beneficial for many cancer types, including lung, colorectal, breast, lymphoma and leukemia. Moreover, recent advances have made it possible to analyze and tailor treatments to an individual patient's tumor. There are three main types of targeted cancer therapies; 1) monoclonal antibodies, 2) small molecule inhibitors and 3) immunotoxins. This review will discuss these three classes of targeted therapies in detail, as well as the biology behind targeted cancer therapies.
Effects of dexmedetomidine administered at acupuncture point GV20 compared to intramuscular route in dogs (2016)

Administration at the Governing Vessel 20 acupuncture point increased the duration and degree of sedation and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine compared with the intramuscular route.
Anatomy of TRAF2 (1996)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family of proteins interact with and transduce signals for members of the TNF receptor superfamily. TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 share a conserved C-terminal TRAF domain. TRAF2 plays a key role in transducing signals for activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). We have performed extensive mutational analysis on TRAF2, examining the requirements for NF-kappaB activation, self-association, and interaction with other molecules involved in TNF signaling. Examination of point mutants and TRAF2-TRAF3 chimeric proteins indicates that the N-terminal RING finger and two adjacent zinc fingers of TRAF2 are required for NF-kappaB activation. The two distinct TRAF-N and TRAF-C subdomains of the TRAF domain appear to independently mediate self-association and interaction with TRAF1. Interaction of TRAF2 with TNF-R2 and TRADD requires sequences at the C terminus of the TRAF-C domain, whereas interaction with the protein kinase receptor-interacting protein V(RIP) occurs via sequences at the N terminus of the TRAF-C domain. Thus, distinct domains of TRAF2 are involved in recruitment and signaling functions.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (1987)

(First of Two Parts)HYPERTROPHIC cardiomyopathy has fascinated and often confused physicians for the quarter of a century since its recognition in the late 1950s.1 2 3 4 5 During this time, investigators have assembled an impressive array of observations spanning numerous aspects of the clinical identification, morphology, pathophysiology, and natural history of the disease. Much understanding has emerged from these investigative efforts; however, the intrinsic complexities of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy continue to create uncertainty and debate.Numerous studies have explored specific facets of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and several have comprehensively reviewed the broader aspects of its clinical profile and course, including the findings on physical . . .
On Learning, Representing, and Generalizing a Task in a Humanoid Robot (2007)

We present a programming-by-demonstration framework for generically extracting the relevant features of a given task and for addressing the problem of generalizing the acquired knowledge to different contexts. We validate the architecture through a series of experiments, in which a human demonstrator teaches a humanoid robot simple manipulatory tasks. A probability-based estimation of the relevance is suggested by first projecting the motion data onto a generic latent space using principal component analysis. The resulting signals are encoded using a mixture of Gaussian/Bernoulli distributions (Gaussian mixture model/Bernoulli mixture model). This provides a measure of the spatio-temporal correlations across the different modalities collected from the robot, which can be used to determine a metric of the imitation performance. The trajectories are then generalized using Gaussian mixture regression. Finally, we analytically compute the trajectory which optimizes the imitation metric and use this to generalize the skill to different contexts.
A Novel Four-Color PCR Assay to Assess T-Cell Receptor Gamma Gene Rearrangements in Lymphoproliferative Lesions (2001)

We describe a novel 4-color polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay combined with GeneScan analysis to assess for T-cell receptor gamma chain gene (TCRgamma) rearrangements and evaluate its usefulness in 86 lymphoproliferative lesions. In this assay, each variable region (Vgamma) family primer is 5' end-labeled with a different fluorescent dye, allowing determination of the Vgamma family involved in each TCRgamma rearrangement. PCR products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. We detected clonal TCRgamma rearrangements in 60 (98%) of 61 T-cell lymphomas, 2 (15%) of 13 B-cell lymphomas, and 3 (25%) of 12 reactive lesions. These results compared favorably with conventional PCR methods using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which revealed clonal TCRgamma rearrangements in 37 (90%) of 41 T-cell lymphomas, 1 (25%) of 4 B-cell lymphomas, and 2 (25%) of 8 reactive lesions. This 4-color PCR assay is at least equivalent to conventional PCR methods and is convenient, allows accurate size determination of TCRgamma rearrangements, and identifies the specific Vgamma family involved, providing more specific information about TCRgamma rearrangement.
Microvolume index of refraction determinations by interferometric backscatter (1995)

A new method has been applied to the determination of fluid bulk properties in small detection volumes. Through the use of an unfocused He-Ne laser beam and a cylindrical tube of capillary dimensions, relative refractive-index measurements are possible. The backscattered light from the illumination of a tube of capillary dimensions produces an interference pattern that is spatially defined and that contains information related to the bulk properties of the fluid contained in the tube. Positional changes in the intensity-modulated beam profile (interference fringes) are directly related to the refractive index of the fluid in the tube. The determination of dn/n at the 10(-7) level is possible in probe volumes of 350 pL. The technique has been applied to tubes as small as 75 µm inner diameter and as large as 1.0 mm inner diameter. No modification of the simple optical bench is required for facilitating the determination of refractive index for the complete range of tube diameters.
Development of a Cathartic-Free Colorectal Cancer Screening Test Using Virtual Colonoscopy: A Feasibility Study (2006)

Image processing tools combining thresholding, expansion, and convolution were the most useful for stool subtraction. Laxative-free colon examinations using barium for stool labeling can be performed at CT colonography with or without stool subtraction with high accuracy. Further study is warranted.
Legal citation referencing using SGML and HyTime (2002)

The availability of hypertext links in legal documents is a very momentous topic. It has come up by the success of the World Wide Web on the one hand side and by the increasing use of databases in order to professionally store original and consolidated legal materials on the other side. And though, despite the importance, the number of available tools to create and maintain such links is not very extensive. Whereas the recognition of legal citation patterns with regular expressions and parsers is one side of the coin, the corresponding question, how to apply those results and how to maintain such references in a lively environment of legal materials, which tends to evolve and emerge from day to day, is the other. This paper aims to show up one solution for this problem by using the standardized markup languages SGML and HyTime in combination with the SGML- and hypertext-programming language OmniMark. Despite the necessary initial effort to bring up an industrial strength production environment and despise the comprehensiveness of these standards they can be applied with great advantage to solve the given problem efficiently also in terms of reduced production time and manual conversion costs. The appliance of these standardized formats may also help to obtain interconnected legal databases, which may contribute not only to meet fundamental and ancient principles of law (publicity, unity, unequivocal administration of law, transparency) but may also allow the reflection of some well settled ideas of legal theory and legal reasoning under new circumstances.
Concentration and binary separation of micro particles for droplet-based digital microfluidics (2007)

This paper describes a concept of concentration and binary separation of particles and its experimental confirmations for digital microfluidics where droplets are driven by the mechanism of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD). As a fundamental separation unit, a binary separation scheme is developed, separating two different types of particles in one droplet into two droplets, one type each. The separation scheme consists of three distinctive steps, each with their own challenges: (1) isolate two different types of particles by electrophoresis into two regions inside a mother droplet, (2) physically split the mother droplet into two daughter droplets by EWOD actuation so that each type of particle is concentrated in each daughter droplet, and (3) free the daughter droplets from the separation site by EWOD to ready them for follow-up microfluidic operations. By applying a similar procedure to a droplet containing only one type of particle, two daughter droplets of different particle concentrations can be created. Using negatively charged carboxylate modified latex (CML) particles, 83% of the total particles are concentrated in a daughter droplet. Successful binary separation is also demonstrated using negatively charged CML particles and no-charge-treated polystyrene particles. Despite the undesired vortex developed inside the mother droplet, about 70% of the total CML particles are concentrated in one daughter droplet while about 70% of the total polystyrene particles are concentrated in the other daughter droplet.
Experimental and computational studies of film cooling with compound angle injection (1995)

The thermal efficiency of gas turbine systems depends largely on the turbine inlet temperature. Recent decades have seen a steady rise in the inlet temperature and a resulting reduction in fuel consumption. At the same time, it has been necessary to employ intensive cooling of the hot components. Among various cooling methods, film cooling has become a standard method for cooling of the turbine airfoils and combustion chamber walls. The University of Minnesota program is a combined experimental and computational study of various film-cooling configurations. Whereas a large number of parameters influence film cooling processes, this research focuses on compound angle injection through a single row and through two rows of holes. Later work will investigate the values of contoured hole designs. An appreciation of the advantages of compound angle injection has risen recently with the demand for more effective cooling and with improved understanding of the flow; this project should continue to further this understanding. Approaches being applied include: (1) a new measurement system that extends the mass/heat transfer analogy to obtain both local film cooling and local mass (heat) transfer results in a single system, (2) direct measurement of three-dimensional turbulent transport in a highly-disturbed flow, (3) the use of compound angle and shaped holes to optimize film cooling performance, and (4) an exploration of anisotropy corrections to turbulence modeling of film cooling jets.
Diverse Roles of ERECTA Family Genes in Plant Development (2013)

Multiple receptor-like kinases (RLKs) enable intercellular communication that coordinates growth and development of plant tissues. ERECTA family receptors (ERfs) are an ancient family of leucine-rich repeat RLKs that in Arabidopsis consists of three genes: ERECTA, ERL1, and ERL2. ERfs sense secreted cysteine-rich peptides from the EPF/EPFL family and transmit the signal through a MAP kinase cascade. This review discusses the functions of ERfs in stomata development, in regulation of longitudinal growth of aboveground organs, during reproductive development, and in the shoot apical meristem. In addition the role of ERECTA in plant responses to biotic and abiotic factors is examined. Elena D. Shpak (Corresponding author).
Preliminary Study of Two Antiviral Agents for Hepatitis C Genotype 1 (2012)

This preliminary study involving patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not had a response to prior therapy showed that a sustained virologic response can be achieved with two direct-acting antiviral agents only. In addition, a high rate of sustained virologic response was achieved when the two direct-acting antiviral agents were combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01012895.).
Dispensable sequence motifs in the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes for plasmid V(D)J recombination. (1993)

As a probe of whether RAG-1 and RAG-2 gene products activate other genes or form part of the recombinase itself, certain mutants of the RAG genes were assayed for their ability to activate variable-diversity-joining region [V(D)J] recombination in a plasmid substrate in fibroblasts. The results indicate that the N-terminal one-third of RAG-1, including a zinc-finger-like domain, and an acidic domain of RAG-2 are dispensable for activating V(D)J recombination in a fibroblast, although they contribute quantitatively. In contrast, deletion of the C-terminal segment of RAG-1, which has homology to a topoisomerase-like protein from yeast, abolished recombination activation. These results do not support the hypothesis that the RAG gene products are transcription factors and suggest the possibility that they are parts of the recombination machinery.
Effects of Topical Janus Kinase Inhibition on Ocular Surface Inflammation and Immunity (2013)

Topical ophthalmic tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, suppressed ocular surface inflammation and immunity in experimental corneal thermocautery and dry eye disease.
Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of enzymatically synthesized RNA up to 150 kDa (1994)

Enzymatically synthesized RNA samples (in vitro transcripts) were analysed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Spectra of RNA up to 150 kDA (461 nucleotides) are shown. Polymerase generated sample heterogeneity and its contribution to mass resolution are discussed. A time course exonuclease digest of a 55 nt in vitro transcript was analyzed to investigate the performance of MALDI-MS on complex mixtures. Based on these data, the analysis by MALDI-MS of DNA sequencing reactions, produced by the action of an RNA polymerase, is discussed.