gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Coherent Laser Control of Physicochemical Processes (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental Coherent Laser Control of Physicochemical ProcessesMarcos Dantus and Vadim V. LozovoyView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4, 1813–1860Publication Date (Web):March 27, 2004Publication History Received3 October 2003Published online27 March 2004Published inissue 1 April 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020668rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020668rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2821Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Lasers,Light,Molecules,Phase transitions,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Molecular Adsorption onto Metallic Quantum Wires (2001)

We have studied the adsorption of mercaptopropionic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine, and dopamine onto electrochemically fabricated Cu nanowires. The nanowires are atomically thin with conductance quantized near integer multiples of 2e(2)/h. Upon molecular adsorption, the quantized conductance decreases to a fractional value, due to the scattering of the conduction electrons by the adsorbates. The decrease is as high as 50% for the thinnest nanowires whose conductance is at the lowest quantum step, and smaller for thicker nanowires with conductance at higher quantum steps. The adsorbate-induced conductance changes depend on the binding strengths of the molecules to the nanowires, which are in the order of mercaptopropionic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine, and dopamine, from strongest to weakest. The sensitive dependence of the quantized conductance on molecular adsorption may be used for molecular detection.
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arm 16q in breast cancer metastases (1997)

One of the main genetic abnormalities associated with breast carcinogenesis is the loss of genetic material from chromosome arm 16q. Different groups have identified two regions (16q22.1 and 16q24-ter) that are frequently deleted in primary tumors, suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor genes in these regions. Little is known about the late stages of tumor progression in this respect, and we, therefore, analyzed biopsy specimens of breast cancer metastases for deletions in these critical regions of 16q. We examined fine needle cytopunctures from 24 metastases, each with lymphocyte DNA, for allelic imbalance on 16q by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 15 highly polymorphic markers. All the metastatic samples showed deletion of at least one informative locus on 16q. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) pattern often indicated the loss of a complete long arm of chromosome 16 (13 cases); nevertheless, in the remaining 11 samples, partial LOH patterns were observed. A small region of overlap (SRO2) in 16q22.1 was frequently involved, whereas another (SRO1) in 16q24-ter was affected in only two cases. A third region of LOH in 16q22.2-q23.2 was found in 6/11 samples. These results suggest that at least three different regions are involved in allelic imbalance on chromosome arm 16q in breast cancer. Loss of material from the third region could be a major event in the genesis of metastases. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 19:185–191, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss Inc.
De Novo Design of Enzyme Inhibitors by Monte Carlo Ligand Generation (1995)

A new computational method for the in situ generation of small molecules within the binding site of a protein is described. The method has been evaluated using two well-studied systems, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase. The method has also been used to guide improvements to inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. One such improvement resulted in a compound selected for preclinical studies as an antiviral agent against AIDS.
Fault-tolerant quantum computing in the Pauli or Clifford frame with slow error diagnostics (2018)

We consider the problem of fault-tolerant quantum computation in the presence of slow error diagnostics, either caused by measurement latencies or slow decoding algorithms. Our scheme offers a few improvements over previously existing solutions, for instance it does not require active error correction and results in a reduced error-correction overhead when error diagnostics is much slower than the gate time. In addition, we adapt our protocol to cases where the underlying error correction strategy chooses the optimal correction amongst all Clifford gates instead of the usual Pauli gates. The resulting Clifford frame protocol is of independent interest as it can increase error thresholds and could find applications in other areas of quantum computation.
Antibody-directed coupling of endoglin and MMP-14 is a key mechanism for endoglin shedding and deregulation of TGF-β signaling (2013)

Endoglin is a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) coreceptor that serves as a prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic vascular target in human cancer. A number of endoglin ectodomain-targeting antibodies (Abs) can effectively suppress both normal and tumor-associated angiogenesis, but their molecular actions remain poorly characterized. Here we define a key mechanism for TRACON105 (TRC105), a humanized monoclonal Ab in clinical trials for treatment of advanced or metastatic tumors. TRC105, along with several other endoglin Abs tested, enhance endoglin shedding through direct coupling of endoglin and the membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 at the cell surface to release the antiangiogenic factor, soluble endoglin (sEng). In addition to this coupling process, endoglin shedding is further amplified by increased MMP-14 expression that requires TRC105 concentration-dependent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. There were also notable counterbalancing effects on canonical Smad signaling in which TRC105 abrogated both the steady-state and TGF-β-induced Smad1/5/8 activation while augmenting Smad2/3 activation. Interestingly, TRC105-induced sEng and aberrant Smad signaling resulted in an excessive migratory response through enhanced stress fiber formation and disruption of endothelial cell-cell junctions. Collectively, our study defines endoglin shedding and deregulated TGF-β signaling during migration as major mechanisms by which TRC105 inhibits angiogenesis.
Glycoprotein Synthesis: An Update (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTGlycoprotein Synthesis: An UpdateDavid P. Gamblin, Eoin M. Scanlan, and Benjamin G. Davis*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 1, 131–163Publication Date (Web):December 18, 2008Publication History Received29 August 2007Published online18 December 2008Published inissue 14 January 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr078291ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr078291ireview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13681Altmetric-Citations530LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Chemical biology,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Discrete Monoclonal Antibodies Define Functionally Important Epitopes in the CD200 Molecule Responsible for Immunosuppression Function (2005)

In addition to defining the importance of N-terminal epitopes for CD200 function, rank comparison of mAbs for FACS staining of CD200 expressed on various cell types indicates heterogeneity in expressed CD200.
A Rechargeable Cell Based on a Conductive Polymer/Metal Alloy Composite Electrode (1989)

A composite electrode composed of a conductive polymer and an alkali‐metal alloy has been investigated as the negative electrode for a nonaqueous rechargeable cell. A sodium‐alloy based composite electrode composed of , poly(p‐phenylene), and binder achieved a capacity of 234 mAh/g or 450 mAh/cm3. This electrode also exhibited excellent cycle life and rate capability without dendrite formation. The composite electrode exhibited kinetic behavior similar to that of pure sodium metal. A balanced cell was constructed by combining the above sodium‐ion‐inserting composite negative electrode with a sodium‐ion‐inserting positive electrode, , of approximately equal capacity. The cell exhibited excellent cycle life (>250 cycles). The semiempirical energy density of the electrode system is comparable to alternative lithium metal based cell such as assuming that excess Li is needed in the latter case.
Quantitation of chondroitin 4—sulfate and chondroitin 6—sulfate in pathologic joint fluid (1992)

These results strongly suggest that the levels of chondroitin sulfate isomers and the delta di-6S: delta di-4S ratio in joint fluid reflect the proteoglycan metabolism of joint tissues, particularly of articular cartilage; hence, they could be used to diagnose joint diseases and to predict articular cartilage destruction from such joint diseases.
Reference Potential Calibration and Voltammetry at Macrodisk Electrodes of Metallocene Derivatives in the Ionic Liquid [bmim][PF6] (2002)

Reference potential scales are not generally available in ionic liquids. Consequently, comparison of data with those obtained in conventional solvent (electrolyte) media is not possible. The process [Co(Cp)2](+/0) (Co(Cp)2 = cobaltocene) has been studied at gold, glassy carbon and platinum macrodisk electrodes to test the feasibility of using this redox couple as a voltammetric reference standard in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]). A reversible, one-electron reduction process was observed, and the measured reversible potential versus a silver quasi-reference electrode was independent of the working electrode material, the concentration, and the scan rate. Ferrocene, the other traditionally used reference compound, is poorly soluble in this ionic liquid. However, the solution-phase voltammetry of ethylferrocene could be readily studied in [bmim][PF6], and a reversible oxidation process was observed. A reversible potential of +1285 +/- 5 mV versus the [Co(Cp)2](+/0) reference potential scale was obtained, and this value is comparable with that obtained in CH3CN (0.1 M Bu4NPF6) when referenced to the same potential scale. Ferrocene, decamethylferrocence, 1,1'-dimethylferrocene, 1,1'-diacetylferrocene, and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde were adhered to the working electrode surface and immersed in [bmim][PF6]. In each case, solid-state voltammetry provided well-defined, reversible one-electron oxidation processes that had the appearance of being diffusion controlled, with charge neutralization occurring via the ionic liquid. Reversible potentials of the solid-state processes referenced against the [Co(Cp)2](+/0) scale were similar to solution-phase values obtained in CH3CN (0.1 M Bu4NPF6).
Activation of Notch signaling pathway precedes heart regeneration in zebrafish (2003)

Several vertebrates display the ability to regenerate parts of their body after amputation. During this process, differentiated cells reenter the cell cycle and proliferate to generate a mass of undifferentiated cells. Repatterning mechanisms act on these cells to eventually shape a regenerated tissue or organ that replaces the amputated one. Experiments with regenerating limbs/fins in newts and zebrafish have shown that members of the Msx family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors play key roles during blastema formation and patterning. Here we show that adult zebrafish have a remarkable capacity to regenerate the heart in a process that involves up-regulation of msxB and msxC genes. We present evidence indicating that heart regeneration involves the execution of a specific genetic program, rather than redeployment of a cardiac development program. Preceding Msx activation, there is a marked increase in the expression of notch1b and deltaC , which we show are also up-regulated during fin regeneration. These data suggest a role for the Notch pathway in the activation of the regenerative response. Taken together, our results underscore the use of zebrafish as a model for investigating the process of regeneration in particular and the biology of stem cells in general. Advances in these fields will undoubtedly aid in the implementation of strategies for regenerative medicine.
Extended Kalman Filter for Rate Estimation in Doppler Radar Cardiopulmonary Monitoring System (2012)

Remote monitoring of cardiopulmonary activities using quadrature direct conversion Doppler radar shows remarkable promise in medical and security applications. One major challenge for such monitoring is demodulation of the IQ signals and heart and respiration rate determination. This paper presents a rate finding algorithm based on extended kalman filter (EKF) and principal component analysis. We present a state space model of the quadrature IQ signals and use it with the EKF to simultaneously estimate and track heart and respiration rate by a unified statistical approach. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm for practical data obtained from the implemented hardware and present the results to illustrate the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm. Results are compared with reference ECG results which clearly demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can be successfully applied for heart and respiration rate detection.
Chemically enhanced FIB repair of opaque defects on molybdenum silicide photomasks (1997)

The characteristics of an ideally repaired opaque defect on a molybdenum silicide (MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB>) photomask are: (1) the total removal of the MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> defect, leaving no residual MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB>; (2) a smooth, level quartz surface (no over-etch) after the MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> is removed; (3) minimal riverbedding of the quartz at the perimeter of the MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> defect; and (4) maximum light transmission (%T) at the i-line (365 nm) and DUV (248 nm) lithographic wavelengths. Achieving these ideal repair characteristics is becoming increasingly difficult as the patterned features become smaller, as the lithographic wavelength becomes shorter and as phase shifting mechanisms are implemented. A chemical process has been developed to enhance the FIB (focused ion beam) etching of MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> defects. Using this chemical process, a FIB protocol has been developed which enhances the removal of a MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> defect while inhibiting the removal of quartz. AFM (atomic force microscopy) indicates that (1) MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> is totally removed, (2) the quartz remains smooth and level (no over-etch), and (3) the riverbends are, at this time, 10 - 45 nm; our target is 1 - 15 nm. The MoSi<SUB>a</SUB>O<SUB>b</SUB>N<SUB>c</SUB> etch process reduces optical staining due to implanted gallium
In Vitro Expression of Human p53 cDNA Clones and Characterization of the Cloned Human p53 Gene (1985)

The human p53 gene was cloned and characterized by using a battery of p53 DNA clones. A series of human cDNA clones of various sizes and relative localizations to the mRNA molecule were isolated by using the human p53-H14 (2.35-kilobase) cDNA probe which we previously cloned. One such isolate, clone p53-H7 (2.65 kilobases), spans the entire human mature p53 mRNA molecule. Construction of the human cDNA clones in the pSP65 RNA transcription vector facilitated the generation of p53 transcripts by the SP6 bacteriophage RNA polymerase. The p53-specific RNA transcripts obtained without further processing were translated into p53 proteins in a cell-free system. By using this rapid in vitro transcription-translation assay, we found that whereas clone p53-H7 (2.65 kilobases) coded for a mature-sized p53 protein, a shorter cDNA clone, p53-H13 (1.8 kilobases), dictated the synthesis of a smaller-sized p53 protein (45 kilodaltons). The p53 proteins synthesized in vitro immunoprecipitated efficiently with human-specific anti-p53 antibodies. Genomic analysis of human DNA revealed the presence of a single p53 gene residing within two EcoRI fragments. Heteroduplex analysis between the full-length cDNA clone p53-H7 and the cloned p53 gene indicated the presence of seven major exons.
Association of Methylation Signals With Incident Coronary Heart Disease in an Epigenome-Wide Assessment of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor α (2018)

We identified and replicated novel epigenetic correlates of circulating TNF-α concentration in blood samples and linked these loci to coronary heart disease risk, opening opportunities for validation and therapeutic applications.
Function materialization in object bases (1991)

We describe funct$on materzakation as an optimization concept in object-oriented databases. Exploiting the object-oriented paradigm—namely class lficatton, object identzty, and encapsalatzon-—facilitates a rather easy incorporation of function materialization mto (existing) object-oriented systems. Furthermore, the exploitation of encapsulation (information hiding) and object identity provides for additional performance tuning measures which drastically decrease the rematerialization overhead incurred by updates in the object base. The paper concludes with a quantitative analysis of function materialization based on a sample performance benchmark obtained from our experimental object base system GOM.
Rat Adenocarcinoma 13762 Expresses Tumor Rejection Antigens but Tumor-Bearing Animals Exhibit Tumor-Specific Immunesuppression (1993)

Rat adenocarcinoma 13762 was adapted to continuous growth in culture and used in a variety of experiments to investigate the immune response to inoculation of animals with replication-defective tumor cells. The results demonstrate that 13762 cells express tumor-specific tumor rejection antigens that elicit protective immunity to tumorigenic challenge. By several criteria there is no apparent humoral component of the anti-tumor immunity; however, anti-tumor immunity is characterized by nylon-wool nonadherent spleen T cells. Anti-tumor T cells demonstrate tumoricidal activity in local adoptive transfer assays and are not found in spleens of naive animals or animals immunized against either nontumorigenic Rat 1 cells or a syngeneic fibrosarcoma. Despite the expression of tumor rejection antigens 13762 tumor, and the demonstrable ability of injection of irradiated tumor to induce anti-tumor immunity, tumors elicited in unimmunized syngeneic animals grow progressively. The reasons for growth of antigenic tumor are unknown but are shown not to be due to defective antigen expression in 13762 tumor since, in addition to being able to elicit T cell immune response in immunized animals, 13762 tumor expresses MHC Class I molecules and can be a target for allogeneic T cell recognition in vitro. These data suggest that in tumor-bearing animals an effective anti-tumor immune response is either not initiated or down-regulated. Since animals bearing 13762 tumors can be immunized against an unrelated syngeneic sarcoma, can produce humoral responses to several protein antigens, and can produce delayed type hypersensitivity response against dinitrofluorobenzene, the immune response to 13762-induced tumors appears specifically suppressed. In support of this contention, 13762 cells express high levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 in vitro which is postulated to impact upon the nascent anti-tumor immune response.
A stochastic parts program and noun phrase parser for unrestricted text (1988)

Article Free Access Share on A stochastic parts program and noun phrase parser for unrestricted text Author: Kenneth Ward Church Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N. J. Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N. J.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ANLC '88: Proceedings of the second conference on Applied natural language processingFebruary 1988 Pages 136–143https://doi.org/10.3115/974235.974260Online:09 February 1988Publication History 279citation1,990DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations279Total Downloads1,990Last 12 Months83Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Reliable Au-Sn flip-chip bonding on flexible prints (1995)

Flip-chip bonding, with an AuSn metallization system, has been successfully introduced for the mounting of integrated circuits (IC's) on flexible polyimide prints. Since in most consumer electronics, and more specifically for hearing instruments, the usable volume is decreasing very rapidly, maximum miniaturization is achieved by using flip-chips. In order to avoid open circuits during reflow soldering of all other components, a high melting soldering process is required for the bonding of the IC's. An additional advantage of the AuSn process is that the bumps do not completely melt, and a certain stand-off height is guaranteed. The bumps are deposited on top of the band pads and are bonded to copper tracks on a polyimide foil. The required tin is either deposited on the bump or on the copper tracks. Both AuSn soldering processes are performed by using pulsed heat thermode (gang) bonding. It has been found that the quality of the bonds depends on the microstructure formed in the bonding region. Energy dispersed X-ray analysis (EDX) measurements indicate that eutectic (80/20) Au-Sn or /spl xi/' phases are required for good quality bonds. To obtain these phases, the temperature at the interface and the initial amount of tin are optimized. As a consequence of a large thermal mismatch and a small stand-off height of the IC, the number of cycles to failure during temperature shock experiments is limited. The results are remarkably improved (by a factor of 20) by using an epoxy-based underfill material.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>