gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity by NSAIDs. Counteraction by Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (2012)

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is an anti-ulcer peptidergic agent, proven in clinical trials to be both safe in inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL 14736) and wound healing, stable in human gastric juice, with no toxicity being reported. Recently, we claim that BPC 157 may be used as an antidote against NSAIDs. We focused on BPC 157 beneficial effects on stomach, duodenum, intestine, liver and brain injuries, adjuvant arthritis, pain, hyper/hypothermia, obstructive thrombus formation and thrombolysis, blood vessel function, counteraction of prolonged bleeding and thrombocytopenia after application of various anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents and wound healing improvement. The arguments for BPC 157 antidote activity (i.e., the role of BPC 157 in cytoprotection, being a novel mediator of Robert's cytoprotection and BPC 157 beneficial effects on NSAIDs mediated lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and brain and finally, counteraction of aspirin-induced prolonged bleeding and thrombocytopenia) obviously have a counteracting effect on several established side-effects of NSAIDs use. The mentioned variety of the beneficial effects portrayed by BPC 157 may well be a foundation for establishing BPC 157 as a NSAIDs antidote since no other single agent has portrayed a similar array of effects. Unlike NSAIDs, a very high safety (no reported toxicity (LD1 could be not achieved)) profile is reported for BPC 157. Also, unlike the different dosage levels of aspirin, as a NSAIDs prototype, which differ by a factor of about ten, all these beneficial and counteracting effects of BPC 157 were obtained using the equipotent dosage (μg, ng/kg) in parenteral or peroral regimens.
Influence of the wavelength in high-irradiance ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of organic molecules (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the wavelength in high-irradiance ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of organic moleculesMichael. Karas, Doris. Bachmann, and Franz. HillenkampCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2935–2939Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4390Altmetric-Citations711LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deciphering the Cross Talk between hnRNP K and c-Src: the c-Src Activation Domain in hnRNP K Is Distinct from a Second Interaction Site (2006)

The protein tyrosine kinase c-Src is regulated by two intramolecular interactions. The repressed state is achieved through the interaction of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain with the phosphorylated C-terminal tail and the association of the SH3 domain with a polyproline type II helix formed by the linker region between SH2 and the kinase domain. hnRNP K, the founding member of the KH domain protein family, is involved in chromatin remodeling, regulation of transcription, and translation of specific mRNAs and is a target in different signal transduction pathways. In particular, it functions as a specific activator and a substrate of the tyrosine kinase c-Src. Here we address the question how hnRNP K interacts with and activates c-Src. We define the proline residues in hnRNP K in the proline-rich motifs P2 (amino acids [aa] 285 to 297) and P3 (aa 303 to 318), which are necessary and sufficient for the specific activation of c-Src, and we dissect the amino acid sequence (aa 216 to 226) of hnRNP K that mediates a second interaction with c-Src. Our findings indicate that the interaction with c-Src and the activation of the kinase are separable functions of hnRNP K. hnRNP K acts as a scaffold protein that integrates signaling cascades by facilitating the cross talk between kinases and factors that mediate nucleic acid-directed processes.
Synthesis of the BCD‐Ring Substructure of Granaticin A (2012)

Abstract The BCD‐ring substructure of granaticin A was synthesised following a new approach for the construction of the naphthoquinone moiety. The 2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene substructure was accessible stereoselectively using a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and a diastereoselective ketone reduction in combination with Yoshii's route. The naphthoquinone B‐ring was prepared by addition of an aryllithium intermediate to an anhydride followed by a Friedel–Crafts cyclisation mediated by AlCl 3 and Mg(OTf) 2 . The success of the Friedel–Crafts cyclisation relied on the conversion of the ketone‐carboxylic acid into a lactone acetal.
Urinary Placental Growth Factor and Risk of Preeclampsia (2005)

Decreased urinary PlGF at mid gestation is strongly associated with subsequent early development of preeclampsia.
Luminescence ratio indicators for oxygen (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence ratio indicators for oxygenEric D. Lee, Thomas C. Werner, and W. Rudolf. SeitzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2, 279–283Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00129a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00129a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incorporation and stability of iron in molecular-sieve structures. Ferrisilicate analogues of zeolite ZSM-5 (1987)

The ferrisilicate molecular sieve analogues of zeolite ZSM-5 can be prepared from ferrisilicate gels containing low-molecular-weight silica species. Precipitation of rust-red iron hydroxide at the high pH necessary for crystallization and complex formation of the iron with the amine impurities present in the crystal-directing agent are avoided by titrating the basic silica solution into the acidic iron-containing solution followed by introduction of the template. Pure white crystalline materials have been prepared in this manner over an SiO2/Fe2O3 range of 15 to 200. The presence of homogeneously dispersed iron(III) in the framework of the crystals has been confirmed. The stability of the framework iron under thermal and hydrothermal conditions is lower than the corresponding aluminosilicate.
Novel Effectors of Directed and Ngn3-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Endocrine Pancreas Progenitors (2007)

The delineation of regulatory networks involved in early endocrine pancreas specification will play a crucial role in directing the differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward the mature phenotype of beta cells for cell therapy of type 1 diabetes. The transcription factor Ngn3 is required for the specification of the endocrine lineage, but its direct targets and the scope of biological processes it regulates remain elusive. We show that stepwise differentiation of embryonic stem cells using successive in vivo patterning signals can lead to simultaneous induction of Ptf1a and Pdx1 expression. In this cellular context, Ngn3 induction results in upregulation of its known direct target genes within 12 hours. Microarray gene expression profiling at distinct time points following Ngn3 induction suggested novel and diverse roles of Ngn3 in pancreas endocrine cell specification. Induction of Ngn3 expression results in regulation of the Wnt, integrin, Notch, and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathways and changes in biological processes affecting cell motility, adhesion, the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and gene expression. Furthermore, the combination of in vivo patterning signals and inducible Ngn3 expression enhances ESC differentiation toward the pancreas endocrine lineage. This is shown by strong upregulation of endocrine lineage terminal differentiation markers and strong expression of the hormones glucagon, somatostatin, and insulin. Importantly, all insulin(+) cells are also C-peptide(+), and glucose-dependent insulin release was 10-fold higher than basal levels. These data suggest that bona fide pancreas endocrine cells have been generated and that timely induction of Ngn3 expression can play a decisive role in directing ESC differentiation toward the endocrine lineage.
Phenotypic consequences of branch point substitutions (2006)

The branch point sequence (BPS) is a conserved splicing signal important for spliceosome assembly and lariat intron formation. BPS mutations may result in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing and genetic disorders, but their phenotypic consequences have been difficult to predict, largely due to a highly degenerate nature of the BPS consensus. Here, we have examined the splicing pattern of nine reporter pre-mRNAs that have previously been shown to give rise to human hereditary diseases as a result of single-nucleotide substitutions in the predicted BPS. Increased exon skipping and intron retention observed in vivo were recapitulated for each mutated pre-mRNA, but the reproducibility of cryptic splice site activation was lower. BP mutations in reporter pre-mRNAs frequently induced aberrant 3' splice sites and also activated a cryptic 5' splice site. Systematic mutagenesis of BP adenosines showed that in most pre-mRNAs, the expression of canonical transcripts was lower for BP transitions than BP transversions. Differential splicing outcome for transitions vs. transversions was abrogated or reduced if introns were truncated to 200 nt or less, suggesting that the nature of the BP residue is less critical for interactions across very short introns. Together, these results improve prediction of phenotypic consequences of point mutations upstream of splice acceptor sites and suggest that the overrepresentation of disease-causing adenosine-to-guanosine BP substitutions observed in Mendelian disorders is due to more profound defects of gene expression at the level of pre-mRNA splicing.
Quenching of Magnetoresistance by Hot Electrons in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (1997)

A zero bias anomaly is observed at low temperatures in the current-voltage characteristics of ferromagnetic tunnel junctions; the drop in the junction resistance with increasing bias voltage is greater for antiparallel alignment of the magnetic moments of the magnetic electrodes than for parallel alignment. The resulting decrease in the magnetoresistance of the junction is accounted for by spin excitations localized at the interfaces between the magnetic electrodes and the tunnel barrier.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rosaramicin in humans (1984)

The pharmacokinetics of rosaramicin was studied in subjects receiving 500 mg of the drug (i) by 1-h intravenous infusion, (ii) in solution orally, or (iii) as tablets orally. After intravenous administration, the rosaramicin levels in serum declined rapidly with t1/2S of 0.27 h for the distribution phase and 3.28 h for the elimination phase. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.78 liter/kg, and the total body clearance was 13.41 ml/min per kg, indicating extensive tissue distribution or metabolism or both. Similar pharmacokinetic data were obtained after oral administration of the drug in solution or tablets and after intravenous dosing. The absolute bioavailability of the drug administered orally, in either tablets or solution, was 32 to 39%. The metabolism and excretion of [14C]rosaramicin administered orally were also evaluated in volunteers. The serum area under the curve (infinity) of unchanged rosaramicin was 19% of that of total radioactivity, indicating extensive metabolism of the drug. About 7.0% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine, and 86.7% was recovered in the feces. Only a small amount of unchanged rosaramicin was present in the urine (7 to 9% of urinary radioactivity), but none was present in the feces. The major metabolite, 20-bis-ureidorosaramicin, represented 17 to 38% of the radioactivity in the urine and 26 to 29% of the radioactivity in the feces.
Induction of Melanoma Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes In Vitro by Stimulation with B7-Expressing Human Melanoma Cell Lines (1998)

Crosslinking of CD28 receptors on resting T lymphocytes by B7 costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) plays a critical role in T-cell activation. Human melanomas express major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted tumor-associated antigens that can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), yet they remain poorly immunogenic. One mechanism for the failure of T-cell response is the lack of expression of costimulatory molecules by human melanoma cells. We have transfected the B7-1 gene into three HLA-A2-expressing human melanoma cell lines, and studied their capacity to stimulate primary human T cells. B7-expressing melanoma cells were excellent inducers of T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activity in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures through a process dependent on the function of the T-cell receptor as well as interactions between B7:CD28, CD2:LFA-3, and LFA-1:ICAM-1. Subset analysis demonstrated that CD4+ T cells or addition of exogenous interleukin-2 was required for the induction of CD8+ CTL. Untransfected parental melanoma cells were inert as APCs in these cultures. Rotating stimulation of T cells with the three B7-expressing cell lines led to the generation of T-cell lines that were cytolytic for HLA-A2+ melanoma cells and other HLA-A2+ targets that were pulsed with HLA-A2-restricted MART-1 peptides. These data demonstrate that expression of B7-1 by human melanoma cells converts them into effective APCs for the in vitro induction of MHC-restricted, melanoma-specific CTL.
Optical Interconnects for High-Performance Computing (2011)

High-performance computing systems are of steadily growing interest to provide new levels of computational capability for an increasing range of applications. The growing use of and dependence on optical interconnects to meet these system's scaling bandwidth demands has given rise to “computercom” as a distinct market segment, alongside the traditional datacom and telecom markets. This paper discusses the trends, requirements, tradeoffs, and potential technologies for this market.
The Minimal Essential Core of a Cysteine-based Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Revealed by a Novel 16-kDa VH1-like Phosphatase, VHZ (2004)

The smallest active protein-tyrosine phosphatase yet (only 16 kDa) is described here and given the name VHZ for VH1-like member Z because it belongs to the group of small Vaccinia virus VH1-related dual specific phosphatases exemplified by VHR, VHX, and VHY. Human VHZ is remarkably well conserved through evolution as it has species orthologs in frogs, fish, fly, and Archaea. The gene for VHZ, which we designate as DUSP25, is located on human chromosome 1q23.1 and consists of only two coding exons. VHZ is broadly expressed in tissues and cells, including resting blood lymphocytes, Jurkat T cells, HL-60, and RAMOS. In transfected cells, VHZ was located in the cytosol and in other cells also in the nucleoli. Endogenous VHZ showed a similar but more granular distribution. We show that VHZ is an active phosphatase and analyze its structure by computer modeling, which shows that in comparison with the 185-amino acid residue VHR, the 150-residue VHZ is a shortened version of VHR and contains the minimal set of secondary structure elements conserved in all known phosphatases from this class. The surface charge distribution of VHZ differs from that of VHR and is therefore unlikely to dephosphorylate mitogen-activated protein kinases. The remarkably high degree of conservation of VHZ through evolution may indicate a role in some ancient and fundamental physiological process.
The growth rate of two transplantable murine tumors, 3ll lung carcinoma and b16f10 melanoma, is influenced by Hyal‐1, A locus determining hyaluronidase levels and polymorphism (1992)

The effect of 2 different levels of serum hyaluronidase on tumor development was studied by comparing the development of 2 transplantable tumors, the 3LL lung carcinoma and the B16F10 melanoma, in mice of the C57BL/6 and the congenic HW23 strains. The reasoning behind the study was that, in vitro, removal by hyaluronidase of the hyaluronan present in the extracellular matrix of tumor cells renders the latter more accessible to effector T cells. In the mouse, the levels and molecular forms of circulating hyaluronidase are under the influence of different alleles at the Hyal-1 locus on chromosome 9. C57BL/6 mice which have the Hyal-1b allele have only a 60,000-kDa form of hyaluronidase in the circulation, whereas the congenic HW23 strain has, on a C57BL/6 background, the BALB/c-derived Hyal-1a allele, characterized by the presence of the 60-, 120- and 140-kDa forms and of 3 times as much enzyme activity as the C57BL/6 strain. These 2 mouse strains that are genetically almost identical can therefore be used to compare the effect of different levels of circulating hyaluronidase on tumor development. Two different tumors were studied: the 3LL lung carcinoma and the B16F10 melanoma. After intrafootpad inoculation, both tumors developed more slowly in the congenic Hyal-1a HW23 strain, as measured by a slower rate of increase in local tumor size and by a prolonged survival time. These results are in favor of the hypothesis that the Hyal-1a allele, determining higher hyaluronidase levels, enhances resistance to tumor development.
V. Therapeutic potential of nitric oxide donors and inhibitors (1999)

Nitric oxide is a crucial mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal defense, but, paradoxically, it also contributes to mucosal injury in several situations. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and compounds that release nitric oxide have been useful pharmacological tools for evaluating the role of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Newer inhibitors with selectivity for one of the isoforms of nitric oxide synthase are even more powerful tools and may have utility as therapeutic agents. Also, agents that can scavenge nitric oxide or peroxynitrite are promising as drugs to prevent nitric oxide-associated tissue injury. Compounds that release nitric oxide in small amounts over a prolonged period of time may also be very useful for prevention of gastrointestinal injury associated with shock and with the use of drugs that have ulcerogenic effects. Indeed, the coupling of a nitric oxide-releasing moiety to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has proven to be a valid means of substantially reducing the gastrointestinal toxicity of these drugs without decreasing their efficacy.
Types and Epidemiology of Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain: The Intersection of Cancer Pain and Neuropathic Pain (2010)

Neuropathic pain--pain resulting from a lesion, damage, or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system--can arise through several distinct etiologies ranging from toxicity, surgery, radiation, and trauma to congenital disorders. Neuropathic pain is widely recognized as a common consequence of cancer and results from administration of several common oncology drugs. It not only impacts quality of life, but it also impacts patient outcomes because of resulting treatment delays, dose reductions, and discontinuations. We estimate that the cost of the problem in the U.S. alone is approximately $2.3 billion. Despite its widely recognized importance, there is a paucity of reliable information available regarding the incidence, prevalence of patient-and physician-reported severity, and time course of cancer-related neuropathic pain. To address this severe knowledge gap, we need new, high-quality, population-based studies of individual cancer pain syndromes and conditions. However, in order to gather this information, we also need substantial improvements in the specific classification of cancer-related neuropathic syndromes and better validated diagnostic tools that can help to elucidate the incidence, prevalence, severity, and potential economic impact of cancer-associated neuropathies.
Silicon Liquid Crystal Light Valves: Status And Issues (1983)

The structure, operation, and performance of the silicon-based liquid crystal light valves--the photoactivated, CCD-addressed, and visible-to-IR converter--are described. The performance limitations of the readout structure, in particular those affecting resolution, sensitivity, contrast ratio, and speed, are discussed.