gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its anti-apoptotic effect in malignant melanoma: a potential therapeutic target (1998)

The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and its possible protective effect on apoptotic cell death in malignant melanoma was analysed in four commercial melanoma cell lines. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation by tunicamycin, which has previously been shown to block the translocation of IGF-1R to the cell surface, blocked cell growth and/or induced cell death in these cell lines. Treatment with alphaIR-3, an antibody blocking the binding domain of IGF-1R, also resulted in growth arrest and/or apoptosis. We also analysed lymph node metastases of malignant melanoma by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. All these cases were shown to express IGF-1R at the cell surface. In three cases of lymph node metastases we had access to both tumour specimens and cultured cells. One of these exhibited a substantially higher expression of IGF-1R than the two other cases. The corresponding cell lines showed growth arrest and apoptosis following treatment with alphaIR-3. However, the two cell lines with low expression of IGF-1R were more sensitive in this respect. Furthermore, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between IGF-1R expression and the frequency of apoptotic cells in the tumour specimens. Our data suggest that IGF-1R is crucial for the viability of malignant melanoma cells in vitro as well as in vivo.
Sedation During Mechanical Ventilation in Infants and Children: Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam (2004)

At a dose of 0.25 microg/kg/h, dexmedetomidine was approximately equivalent to midazolam at 0.22 mg/kg/h. At 0.5 microg/kg/h, dexmedetomidine provided more effective sedation as demonstrated by the need for fewer bolus doses of morphine, a decrease in the 24-hour requirements for supplemental morphine, as well as a decrease in the total number of assessment points with a Ramsay score of 1 (inadequate sedation) and the number of patients who had a Ramsay score of 1.
Recent progress in copolymer-mediated siRNA delivery (2012)

RNAi-mediated gene silencing has great potential for treating various diseases, including cancer, by delivering a specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down pathogenic mRNAs and suppress protein translation. Although many researchers are dedicated to devising polymer-based vehicles for exogenous in vitro siRNA transfection, few synthetic vehicles are feasible in vivo. Recent studies have presented copolymer-based vectors that are minimally immunogenic and facilitate highly efficient internalizing of exogenous siRNA, compared with homopolymer-based vectors. Cationic segments, organelle-escape units, and degradable fragments are essential to a copolymer-based vehicle for siRNA delivery. The majority of these cationic segments are derived from polyamines, including polylysine, polyarginine, chitosan, polyethylenimines and polyamidoamine dendrimers. Not only do these cationic polyamines protect siRNA, they can also promote disruption of endosomal membranes. Degradable fragments of copolymers must be derived from various polyelectrolytes to release the siRNA once the complexes enter the cytoplasm. This review describes recent progress in copolymer-mediated siRNA delivery, including various building blocks for biocompatible copolymers for efficient in vitro siRNA delivery, and a useful basis for addressing the challenges of in vivo siRNA delivery.
Hydrous Manganese Dioxide Nanowall Arrays Growth and Their Li+ Ions Intercalation Electrochemical Properties (2008)

Nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide MnO2·0.5H2O were deposited on cathodic substrates by the potentiostatic method from a mixed aqueous solution of manganese acetate and sodium sulfate, and the Li+ ions intercalation properties of such nanowall arrays were studied. The deposition was induced by a change of local pH resulting from electrolysis of H2O. Composition of this new nanowall structure was investigated by means of combined XRD, XPS, and TGA and determined to be hydrous manganese dioxide. SEM study revealed that the MnO2·0.5H2O nanowall arrays were homogeneous across the entire substrate of top thicknesses that varied from 50 to 100 nm with identical depth. The nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide exhibited an initial capacity of 270 mAh/g with a reversible capacity maintained at 220 mAh/g at the 50th charge/discharge cycle in the Li+ ions intercalation capacity measurement at a high charge/discharge rate of 0.1 mA/cm2 (C/2, 76 mAh/g). This greatly enhanced Li+ ions intercalation capacity is ascribed to the large active surface area of the nanowall arrays and a short facile diffusion path for Li+ ions. The nanowall arrays of hydrous manganese dioxide also displayed an improved cyclic stability attributed to the reduced strain accumulated in these nanostructures during Li+ ions intercalation.
In vivo biochemistry: Physical monitoring of recombination induced by site‐specific endonucleases (1995)

The recombinational repair of chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) is of critical importance to all organisms, who devote considerable genetic resources to ensuring such repair is accomplished. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DSB-mediated recombination can be initiated synchronously by the conditional expression of two site-specific endonucleases, HO or I-Scel. DNA undergoing recombination can then be extracted at intervals and analyzed. Recombination initiated by meiotic-specific DSBs can be followed in a similar fashion. This type of 'in vivo biochemistry' has been used to describe several discrete steps in two different homologous recombination pathways: gene conversion and single-strand annealing. The roles of specific proteins during recombination can be established by examining DNA in strains deleted for the corresponding gene. These same approaches are now becoming available for the study of recombination in both higher plants and animals. Physical monitoring can also be used to analyze nonhomologous recombination events, whose mechanisms appear to be conserved from yeast to mammals.
Fibromyalgia - symptom or diagnosis: A definition of the position (2000)

According to the American College of Rheumatology the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is based on criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia consisting entirely of clinical signs and symptoms. For diagnostic reasons autonomic disturbances and mental features have to be considered. The distinction between fibromyalgia (tender points) and myofascial pain syndrome (trigger points) is essential. Internal and neurological disorders as a primary cause of fibromyalgia have to be excluded. The etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia still remain uncertain. The myopathological patterns in fibromyalgia are non-specific: type II fiber atrophy, an increase of lipid droplets, a slight proliferation of mitochondria, and a slightly elevated incidence of ragged red fibers. Initial reports on some allelic abnormalities in the serotonin system seem to highlight the important role of serotonin already presumed earlier. Significantly high levels of substance P in the cerebrospinal fluid of FM patients additionally support the impact of these neurotransmitters on both nociceptive and antinociceptive mechanisms.
Involvement of O2 radicals in ‘autoimmune’ diabetes (1989)

Spontaneous diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is a CD4 T cell-dependent process. We have suggested that specific beta cell destruction results from free radical production at the site of islet inflammation; oxygen radicals are produced by activated inflammatory cells. We reported here that in vivo treatment of spontaneously diabetic NOD mice with the enzyme superoxide dismutase (2000 U for seven injections) and catalase (40,000 U for seven injections) protects islet tissue from disease recurrence following transplantation into spontaneously diabetic mice. Similar results were obtained when animals were treated with either enzyme alone. This effect was dose-dependent and little protection was observed when the dose of enzyme was reduced four-fold. These results indicate that oxygen metabolites, specially superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are directly involved in the pathogenesis of immunology mediated diabetes.
Localization of RecA-like recombination proteins on chromosomes of the lily at various meiotic stages. (1995)

The Rad51 and Lim15 proteins of lily, which are homologs of the bacterial RecA protein, were found on chromosomes in various stages of meiotic prophase 1. The presence of both Rad51 and Lim15 proteins as discrete foci on leptotene and zygotene chromosomes and their colocalization suggest that meiotic recombination begins at the leptotene stage with the cooperation of these proteins and continues in zygotene. Localization of the foci on or adjacent to the chromosomes suggests that these proteins bind to the chromatin loops that extend from the axial cores. The proteins in these foci may participate in the searching and pairing of homologous DNA sequences, as the RecA protein does. The different pattern of localization of the Rad51 protein between the leptotene and pachytene stages and the absence of the Lim15 protein in the pachytene stage suggest that the Rad51 protein plays different roles in these stages.
Secondary Structure Composition and pH-dependent Conformational Changes of Soluble Recombinant HLA-DM (1998)

HLA-DM catalyzes the release of invariant chain fragments from newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, stabilizes empty class II molecules, and edits class II-associated peptides by preferentially releasing those that are loosely bound. The ability of HLA-DM to carry out these functions in vitro is pH dependent, with an optimum at pH 4.5-5.5 and poor activity at pH 7. The structural basis for these properties of HLA-DM is unknown. Sequence homology suggests that HLA-DM resembles classical, peptide-binding MHC class II molecules. In this study, we examined whether HLA-DM has a secondary structure composition consistent with an MHC fold and whether HLA-DM changes conformation between pH 5 and pH 7. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra of recombinant soluble HLA-DM (sDM) indicate that HLA-DM belongs to the alpha/beta class of proteins and structurally resembles both MHC class I and class II molecules. The CD peak around 198 nm increases upon going from neutral to endosomal pH and drops sharply upon denaturation below pH 3.5, distinguishing at least three states of sDM: the denatured state and two highly similar folded states. Fluorescence emission spectra show a slight blue-shift and a approximately 20% drop in intensity at pH 5 compared with pH 7. Unfolding experiments using guanidinium chloride show that the stability of sDM is somewhat reduced but not lost at pH 5. These results indicate that sDM undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change between neutral and endosomal pH. The change seems to involve both hydrogen bonding patterns and the hydrophobic core of sDM and may contribute to the pH dependence of DM activity.
New simple method for rapid, selective aromatic deuteration using organoaluminum dihalide catalysts (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew simple method for rapid, selective aromatic deuteration using organoaluminum dihalide catalystsJ. L. Garnett, M. A. Long, R. F. W. Vining, and T. MoleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 16, 5913–5914Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00771a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00771a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An improved energy recovery soft-switching turn-on/turn-off passive boost snubber with peak voltage clamp (2002)

This paper present an improved energy recovery soft-switching turn-on and turn-off snubber with switch peak voltage clamp for high frequency boost converters. Comparing the proposed circuit to existing passive snubber circuits, it is simpler than the conventional energy recovery passive snubber, which has the drawbacks of too many parts, difficult circuit layout, and high stray inductance. As a result, the unwanted high frequency current and voltage ringing at switching transitions of the boost switch are reduced, which significantly reduces the voltage stress on boost devices and mitigates EMI noise problem. Moreover, the proposed circuit overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional resonant nondissipative snubber, which usually does not have turn-on current snubbing for the boost diode and has a very narrow soft switching operating range with extremely high peak voltage stress on boost devices. The proposed circuit not only serves as an energy recovery turn-on snubber, which greatly reduces the reverse-recovery peak current of the power boost diode and the turn-on loss of the boost switch, but also provides a zero-voltage or reduced voltage turn-off condition for the boost switch with extended operating range. Since it uses fewer circuit components, the circuit layout is simpler. It has less current ringing problem, which helps to reduce the EMI generated. The presented circuit is especially suited for high power boost converter applications. In this paper, the circuit operation, the analysis, and comparisons with other snubber circuits are provided. The simulation results based on a 3 kW telecom rectifier are shown. The experimental results showing energy recovery soft-switching turn-off and turn-on features with clamped peak switch voltages are also included.
Molecular signatures of antitumor neoantigen-reactive T cells from metastatic human cancers (2022)

The accurate identification of antitumor T cell receptors (TCRs) represents a major challenge for the engineering of cell-based cancer immunotherapies. By mapping 55 neoantigen-specific TCR clonotypes (NeoTCRs) from 10 metastatic human tumors to their single-cell transcriptomes, we identified signatures of CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> neoantigen-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Neoantigen-specific TILs exhibited tumor-specific expansion with dysfunctional phenotypes, distinct from blood-emigrant bystanders and regulatory TILs. Prospective prediction and testing of 73 NeoTCR signature-derived clonotypes demonstrated that half of the tested TCRs recognized tumor antigens or autologous tumors. NeoTCR signatures identified TCRs that target driver neoantigens and nonmutated viral or tumor-associated antigens, suggesting a common metastatic TIL exhaustion program. NeoTCR signatures delineate the landscape of TILs across metastatic tumors, enabling successful TCR prediction based purely on TIL transcriptomic states for use in cancer immunotherapy.
Differential distributions of two adducin-like protein isoforms in theDrosophilaovary and early embryo (1996)

Adducin is a cytoskeletal protein that can function in vitro to bundle F-actin and to control the assembly of the F-actin/spectrin cytoskeletal network. The Drosophila Adducin-like (Add) locus (also referred to as hu-li tai shao (hts)) encodes a family of proteins of which several are homologous to mammalian adducin (Ding et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2512-16, 1993; Yue & Spradling, Genes Dev. 6, 2443-54, 1992). We report the identification of two novel adducin isoforms: a 95 x 10(3) Mr form (ADD-95) and an 87 x 10(3) Mr form (ADD-87). We present a detailed analysis of the distribution patterns of ADD-95 and ADD-87 during oogenesis and embryogenesis. The isoforms are co-expressed in several cell- and tissue-types; however, only ADD-87 is present in mid- to late-stage oocytes. ADD-87 is present throughout the oocyte cortex at stages 9 and 10 of oogenesis but is detectable only at the anterior pole from stage 11 onward, correlated with localisation of Add-hts mRNA first to the cortex and then to the anterior pole of the oocyte. ADD-87 co-localises with F-actin and spectrin in the cortex of the oocyte through stage 10 of oogenesis, consistent with a possible role in cytoskeletal assembly or function predicted by mammalian studies.
Location of repeat elements in glucansucrases of Leuconostoc and Streptococcus species (2000)

Glucosyltransferases of oral streptococci, dextransucrases and alternansucrase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, collectively referred to as glucansucrases, are large extracellular enzymes that synthesise glucans with a variety of structures and properties. A characteristic of all these glucansucrases is the possession of a C-terminal domain consisting of a series of tandem amino acid repeats. These repeat units are thought to interact with glucan but closely resemble the cell wall binding domain motif found in choline binding proteins in Streptococcus pneumoniae and surface-located proteins in a range of other bacteria. Analysis of dextransucrase and alternansucrase sequences has now shown that they also contain these repeat motifs in the N-terminal region, raising questions about their evolutionary origin and functional importance.
Motility related protein 1 (MRP1/CD9) expression in colon cancer. (1998)

It is important to detect genes that may be good prognostic markers for colon cancer patients. With this in mind, we identified the motility related protein-1 (MRP1/CD9) gene in human colon tissues. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of MRP1/CD9 gene expression in human colon cancers. We performed the differential mRNA display technique between tumor/normal paired samples of the colon and identified MRP1/CD9. Eighty-two surgical specimens of primary colorectal cancer were analyzed by means of reverse transcription-PCR for the MRP1/CD9 gene. Its expression status and clinicopathological variables were analyzed univariately and multivariately. The MRP1/ CD9 mRNA expression was positive in 56 cases and negative in 26 cases. The MRP1/CD9 negative cases showed a significantly higher frequency of venous-vessel invasion and liver metastasis, or a worse prognosis than the MRP1/CD9 positive cases (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model disclosed that MRP1/CD9 expression was an independent prognostic factor distinct from the lymph node status. The findings imply that the study of MRP1/CD9 expression may be useful for predicting prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
Natural remedies for scleroderma. (2006)

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue characterized by fibrosis and thickening of various tissues. It can be limited to the skin or affect multiple organs, and its course ranges from slowly to rapidly progressive. Penicillamine, glucocorticoids, and other drugs are used to treat scleroderma, but none of these treatments has a high degree of efficacy. This article reviews several promising natural treatments for scleroderma, including para-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin E, vitamin D, evening primrose oil, estriol, N-acetylcysteine, bromelain, and an avocado/soybean extract.
Cell-surface peptidases in health and disease (1997)

Ectoenzymes. ectopeptidases and CD antigens. Structure and function of some soluble zinc peptidases related to those at the cell surface. Membrane anchorage of cell-surface peptidases. Trafficking and sorting of cell-surface peptidases in epithelial cells. Chemistry and pharmacology of inhibitors of cell-surface peptidases. Endopeptidase-24.11. Biochemical and molecular aspects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Genetics of angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Endothelin-converting enzyme. Endopeptidase-24.18. Aminopeptidase. Structure and function on aminopeptidase. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26): biochemistry and control of cell-surface expression. Three glycolipid-anchored peptidases: membrane dipeptidase. aminopeptidase P and carboxypeptidase. Inactivation of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) by a TRH-specific ectoenzyme. Aminopeptidase. Fertilin and the MDC family of related proteins. Hall L. Neuropeptide inactivation in CNS. Natriuretic peptide metabolism. inhibitors of endopeptidase-24.11 as possible therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Cell-surface peptidases and the immune system. The biological functions of CD10/endopeptidase-24.11 in normal and malignant cells. Molecular and functional aspects of human myelomonocytic ectopeptidases. Expression of cell-surface peptidases in neoplastic cells. Cell-surface peptidases as receptors for pathogens and toxins.
Nitric oxide and septic shock. From bench to bedside. (1998)

Refractory hypotension with end-organ hypoperfusion is an ominous feature of inflammatory shock. In the past fifteen years, nitric oxide (a diffusible, short-lived product of arginine metabolism) has been found to be an important regulatory molecule in several areas of metabolism, including vascular tone control. Vascular endothelial cells constitutively produce low levels of nitric oxide that regulate blood pressure by mediating adjacent smooth-muscle relaxation. In an inflammatory shock state, cytokines, like interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, induce a separate, high-output form of the enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide in both endothelial and smooth-muscle cells. The ensuing high rates of nitric oxide formation result in extensive smooth-muscle relaxation, pressor refractory vasodilation, and--ultimately--shock. The concept of the pathogenesis of inflammatory shock explains many limitations of current therapies and may foster the development of new interventions to mitigate the effects of nitric oxide overproduction in this syndrome.
Ring Opening of 1‐Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Hydrazoic Acid – a Facile Access to N‐Unsubstituted Azetidin‐3‐Amines (2005)

Abstract Sterically congested 1‐azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes 1 add hydrazoic acid smoothly at 0–5°, giving 3‐azidoazetidines 2 in good to excellent yields. After hydrogenolysis over Pd/C catalyst, compounds 2 were converted into N ‐unsubstituted azetidin‐3‐amines 4 . Attempted reduction of 2a with Raney ‐Ni led to a mixture of the expected azetidin‐3‐amine 4a and the ring‐enlarged 2,5‐dihydro‐1 H ‐imidazole derivative 5 .
Thin Plates and Shells (2001)

Presenting recent principles of thin plate and shell theories, this book emphasizes novel analytical and numerical methods for solving linear and nonlinear plate and shell dilemmas, new theories for the design and analysis of thin plate-shell structures, and real-world numerical solutions, mechanics, and plate and shell models for engineering applications. It includes computer processes for finite difference, finite element, boundary element, and boundary collocation methods as well as other variational and numerical methods. It also contains end-of-chapter examples and problem/solution sets, a catalog of solutions for cylindrical and spherical shells, and tables of the most commonly used plates and shells.