gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIMERIC SURFACTANT PROTEIN B PEPTIDE SP-B 1-25 IN NEONATAL AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (2002)

Surfactant protein B (SP-B) is a constituent surfactant protein critical for normal lung function. Monomeric SP-B(1-25) (mSP-B(1-25)), a peptide based on the N-terminal domain of human SP-B, mixed in phospholipids partially restores lung function in surfactant-deficient animals. Because native SP-B is a homodimer, we synthesized and tested dimeric SP-B(1-25) (dSP-B(1-25)). Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the secondary conformation of SP-B(1-25) was not significantly perturbed by dimerization. The effects on lung function were compared to phospholipids and Survanta in models of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and acute RDS (ARDS). Preterm rabbits born at 27 days of gestation received 100 mg surfactant / kg at birth and were ventilated for 1 hour with a tidal volume of 10 mL / kg. Dynamic compliance was monitored every 15 minutes and postmortem pressure-volume curves were measured. Adult rats were lavaged to induce surfactant deficiency, treated with 100 mg surfactant / kg, and ventilated for 2 hours. Lung function was assessed using arterial blood gases and dynamic compliance every 15 minutes and postmortem pressure-volume curves. Lung volumes in both models and oxygenation in the lavaged rats were consistently higher in the dSP-B(1-25) than in the Survanta and mSP-B(1-25) surfactant groups. The data suggest that dSP-B(1-25) is more efficient in restoring lung function in neonatal RDS and ARDS than mSP-B(1-25) surfactant.
Autocrine action of amphiregulin in a colon carcinoma cell line and immunocytochemical localization of amphiregulin in human colon. (1992)

Amphiregulin (AR) is a newly discovered glycosylated, 84-amino acid residue polypeptide growth regulator which has sequence homology to the EGF family of proteins. To obtain immunological reagents to study the biological role of AR, two synthetic peptides containing sequences corresponding to distinct regions of AR were used to generate polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. One preparation of antipeptide antibodies directed against residues 26-44 of AR (AR-Ab2) was most effective in the detection of native AR, whereas another preparation of antibodies against residues 8-26 (AR-Ab1) was found to be most efficacious in the detection of AR in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The growth of a colon carcinoma cell line, Geo, which proliferates autonomously under serum-free conditions, was stimulated by the exogenous addition of AR or EGF. Half-maximal stimulation of this growth was observed at 40 and 200 pM of EGF and AR, respectively. A mAb to the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor blocked the stimulation of cell proliferation induced by the exogenous addition of AR, suggesting that this stimulation was mediated via the EGF receptor. Geo cells were found to constitutively express significant levels of the AR mRNA transcript as determined by analysis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA product and AR protein was detected immunocytochemically using the AR-Ab1 antibodies in these cells. AR was immunoprecipitated specifically using the AR-Ab2 antibodies from the conditioned medium of Geo cells, which had been metabolically labeled with [35S]cysteine. The secreted AR migrated as a broad band (18.5-22.5 kD) with a median molecular weight of approximately 20.7 kD in SDS-PAGE. Immunospecific removal of AR from serum-free medium conditioned by the Geo cells and readdition of the AR-depleted medium to Geo cells resulted in an approximately 40% inhibition of cell growth relative to controls. Furthermore, the growth of the Geo cells was also inhibited by approximately 50% by the addition of the anti-EGF receptor mAb alone. These results indicate that AR and the EGF receptor are involved in the autocrine growth of these cells and suggests that AR may act through the EGF receptor via an extracellular autocrine loop. To study the expression of AR in human colon in vivo, AR was localized immunocytochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from normal and malignant human colon using the AR-Ab1 antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multifunctional Capsule‐in‐Capsules for Immunoprotection and Trimodal Imaging (2011)

The separate encapsulation of nanoparticles (NPs) and pancreatic islets in an alginate capsule-in-capsule (CIC) structure prevents the nanoparticles being toxic to the cells while housing a high payload of nanoparticles for imaging purposes (see picture). The CIC-encapsulated islets showed an improved insulin secretion over cells encapsulated in single capsules and their transplantation into diabetic mice restored normal glycemia. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of a peptide antagonist for platelet-derived growth factor. (1992)

A series of peptides derived from the primary sequence of the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was analyzed for their ability to inhibit the binding of 125I-PDGF-AA and 125I-PDGF-BB to PDGF alpha-receptors and PDGF beta-receptors, respectively. A 13-amino acid peptide (ANFLVWEIVRKKP), corresponding to amino acids 116-121 and 157-163 in PDGF B-chain, was found to compete with binding to both alpha- and beta-receptors. Modification of this peptide on the tryptophan residue increased its receptor competing activity. The peptide was found to be a receptor antagonist, since it inhibited dimerization and autophosphorylation of PDGF receptors. When analyzed on intact cells, the peptide was found to have, in addition to the specific inhibitory effect at the receptor level, a nonspecific inhibitory effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation. Our study has identified two regions in PDGF that are of importance for receptor interaction.
Synthesis of 16-membered-ring macrolide antibiotics. 4. Carbomycin B and leucomycin A3: total synthesis of cyclic key intermediate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 16-membered-ring macrolide antibiotics. 4. Carbomycin B and leucomycin A3: total synthesis of cyclic key intermediateK. C. Nicolaou, M. R. Pavia, and S. P. SeitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 5, 1224–1226Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00395a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00395a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views906Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conformal Organohalide Perovskites Enable Lasing on Spherical Resonators (2014)

Conformal integration of semiconductor gain media is broadly important in on-chip optical communication technology. Here we deploy atomic layer deposition to create conformally deposited organohalide perovskites--an attractive semiconducting gain medium--with the goal of achieving coherent light emission on spherical optical cavities. We demonstrate the high quality of perovskite gain media fabricated with this method, achieving optical gain in the nanosecond pulse regime with a threshold for amplified spontaneous emission of 65 ± 8 μJ cm(-2). Through variable stripe length measurements, we report a net modal gain of 125 ± 22 cm(-1) and a gain bandwidth of 50 ± 14 meV. Leveraging the high quality of the gain medium, we conformally coat silica microspheres with perovskite to form whispering gallery mode optical cavities and achieve lasing.
ORIENTATION OF SHORT WAVELENGTH AND LONG WAVELENGTH PROTOCHLOROPHYLL SPECIES IN GREENING CHLOROPLASTS (1980)

Abstract— The orientation of protochlorophyll and Chi species with respect to the plane of thylakoid membranes was studied by measuring the fluorescence polarization ratio in magnetically oriented chloroplasts isolated from greening maize leaves and cucumber cotyledons. With viewing direction parallel to the plane of the photosynthetic membranes, in the spectral region of 620–660 nm, fluorescence polarization ratios of 1.0 were observed, whereas at longer wavelengths the fluorescence polarization ratios were much higher, and similar to that of fully green chloroplasts. The same result was obtained with chloroplasts isolated from leaves fed by δ‐amino levulinic acid. These data indicate that the emitting oscillators of the short and long wavelength protochlorophyll species are oriented at random with respect to the plane of thylakoid membranes. Isotropy of the protochlorophyll species is discussed in terms of isotropic structures containing Chi precursors.
Critical care nurses’ workload estimates for managing patients during induced hypothermia (2008)

Nurses are open to using a variety of different interventions to manage temperature in critically ill patients. The time required to complete any one intervention varies significantly, but the combination of interventions most certainly has a significant impact on the workload for bedside nurses.
New optically active hexaaza triphenolic macrocycles: synthesis, molecular structure and crystal packing features (1998)

S. R. Korupoju and P. S. Zacharias, Chem. Commun., 1998, 1267 DOI: 10.1039/A802201A
Sustained high-level expression of human factor IX (hFIX) after liver-targeted delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the hFIX gene in rhesus macaques (2002)

The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of liver-directed gene transfer was evaluated in 5 male macaques (aged 2.5 to 6.5 years) by using a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector (rAAV-2 CAGG-hFIX) that had previously mediated persistent therapeutic expression of human factor IX (hFIX; 6%-10% of physiologic levels) in murine models. A dose of 4 x 10(12) vector genomes (vgs)/kg of body weight was administered through the hepatic artery or portal vein. Persistence of the rAAV vgs as circular monomers and dimers and high-molecular-weight concatamers was documented in liver tissue by Southern blot analysis for periods of up to 1 year. Vector particles were present in plasma, urine, or saliva for several days after infusion (as shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis), and the vgs were detected in spleen tissue at low copy numbers. An enzyme-linked immunosorption assay capable of detecting between 1% and 25% of normal levels of hFIX in rhesus plasma was developed by using hyperimmune serum from a rhesus monkey that had received an adenoviral vector encoding hFIX. Two macaques having 3 and 40 rAAV genome equivalents/cell, respectively, in liver tissue had 4% and 8% of normal physiologic plasma levels of hFIX, respectively. A level of hFIX that was 3% of normal levels was transiently detected in one other macaque, which had a genome copy number of 25 before abrogation by a neutralizing antibody (inhibitor) to hFIX. This nonhuman-primate model will be useful in further evaluation and development of rAAV vectors for gene therapy of hemophilia B.
The cold‐shock response in cultured mammalian cells: Harnessing the response for the improvement of recombinant protein production (2005)

There are a growing number of reports on the sub-physiological temperature culturing (<37 degrees C) of mammalian cells for increased recombinant protein yield, although the effect is variable between cell lines, expression systems, and the product of interest. What is becoming clear is that exposing mammalian cells to sub-physiological temperatures invokes a coordinated cellular response involving modulation of the cell cycle, metabolism, transcription, translation, and the cell cytoskeleton. Opportunities currently exist for further enhancement of the cold-shock effect on recombinant protein production in mammalian cells through advancements in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the cold-shock response.
Pollen Movement Within and Between Rows to Male‐sterile Soybeans1 (1975)

Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) pollen movement was studied by evaluating the frequency of outcrossing on white‐flowered (recessive) male‐sterile plants sampled at various within and between‐row distances from a purple‐flowered (dominant) pollen source. In 1973, five 2.75‐m within‐row segments from 0.0 to 13.75‐m and three between‐row distances from 2‐m to 9‐m were evaluated. The data indicated a linear reduction (from 8.3 to 1.4%) in the amount of purple‐flowered progeny as both within and between‐row distances increased. In 1974, six 6.1‐m within‐row segments from 0.0 to 36.6‐m and 12 between‐row distances from 1.0 to 23.0‐m from the purple‐flowered pollen source were evaluated. The 1974 results indicated that with between‐row distances of at least 7‐m and within‐row distances of at least 12 to 18‐m from the pollen source, little pollen contamination would occur. The percentage of purple‐flowered progeny found at these distances or beyond averaged 0.4%. These results indicated that most outcrossing occurred with surrounding plants, and thus intermating blocks of soybeans could be located adjacent to other soybean experiments or commercial plantings without high levels of pollen contamination.
Nucleic acid mutation analysis using catalytic DNA (2000)

The sequence specificity of the '10-23' RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme (deoxyribozyme) was utilised to discriminate between subtle differences in nucleic acid sequence in a relatively conserved segment of the L1 gene from a number of different human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes. DNA enzymes specific for the different HPV types were found to cleave their respective target oligoribonucleotide substrates with high efficiency compared with their unmatched counterparts, which were usually not cleaved or cleaved with very low efficiency. This specificity was achieved despite the existence of only very small differences in the sequence of one binding arm. As an example of how this methodology may be applied to mutation analysis of tissue samples, type-specific deoxyribozyme cleavable substrates were generated by genomic PCR using a chimeric primer containing three bases of RNA. The RNA component enabled each amplicon to be cleavable in the presence of its matching deoxyribozyme. In this format, the specificity of deoxyribozyme cleavage is defined by Watson-Crick interactions between one substrate-binding domain (arm I) and the polymorphic sequence which is amplified during PCR. Deoxy-ribozyme-mediated cleavage of amplicons generated by this method was used to examine the HPV status of genomic DNA derived from Caski cells, which are known to be positive for HPV16. This method is applicable to many types of nucleic acid sequence variation, including single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Anti-GD2 strategy in the treatment of neuroblastoma (2010)

The prognosis for advanced neuroblastoma remains poor with high risk of recurrence after consolidation. Therapies based on monoclonal antibodies that specifically target disialoganglioside GD2 on tumor cells are improving treatment results for high-risk neuroblastoma. This article reviews the use of anti-GD2 antibodies either as monotherapy or as part of a larger and more complex treatment approach for advanced neuroblastoma. We review how anti-GD2 antibodies can be combined with other treatments or strategies to enhance their clinical effects. Tumor resistance and other problems that decrease the efficacy of anti-GD2 antibodies are discussed. Future developments in the area of anti-GD2 immunotherapies for neuroblastoma are also addressed.
Cloned Poliovirus Complementary DNA Is Infectious in Mammalian Cells (1981)

A complete, cloned complementary DNA copy of the RNA genome of poliovirus was constructed in the Pst I site of the bacterial plasmid pBR322. Cultured mammalian cells transfected with this hybrid plasmid produced infectious poliovirus. Cells transfected with a plasmid which lacked the first 115 bases of the poliovirus genome did not produce virus.
A Novel Approach to Initiating Multi-Lateral Horizontal Wells (1995)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development and testing of a novel method to initiate multilateral horizontal wells that allows selective re-entry into any of the branches. The benefits of multilateral horizontal wells are reviewed, current methods, their benefits and drawbacks are described, and the criteria for designing a new method and tools for initiating multilateral horizontal wells are listed. Previous systems designed to initiate multilateral wellbores with selective re-entry have been quite complicated and therefore, costly. This paper describes a system for orienting and cementing pre-cut window sections in a typical production casing string, which provides a positive method for positioning and orienting a retrievable whipstock. This design does not have the capability to conveniently tie back or cement liners in individual lateral wellbores, but it is well suited for application in medium radius and short radius horizontal multilateral wells where bore-hole stability or zonal isolation are not issues.
New insights into myosin evolution and classification (2006)

Myosins are eukaryotic actin-dependent molecular motors important for a broad range of functions like muscle contraction, vision, hearing, cell motility, and host cell invasion of apicomplexan parasites. Myosin heavy chains consist of distinct head, neck, and tail domains and have previously been categorized into 18 different classes based on phylogenetic analysis of their conserved heads. Here we describe a comprehensive phylogenetic examination of many previously unclassified myosins, with particular emphasis on sequences from apicomplexan and other chromalveolate protists including the model organism Toxoplasma, the malaria parasite Plasmodium, and the ciliate Tetrahymena. Using different phylogenetic inference methods and taking protein domain architectures, specific amino acid polymorphisms, and organismal distribution into account, we demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized common origin for ciliate and apicomplexan class XIV myosins. Our data also suggest common origins for some apicomplexan myosins and class VI, for classes II and XVIII, for classes XII and XV, and for some microsporidian myosins and class V, thereby reconciling evolutionary history and myosin structure in several cases and corroborating the common coevolution of myosin head, neck, and tail domains. Six novel myosin classes are established to accommodate sequences from chordate metazoans (class XIX), insects (class XX), kinetoplastids (class XXI), and apicomplexans and diatom algae (classes XXII, XXIII, and XXIV). These myosin (sub)classes include sequences with protein domains (FYVE, WW, UBA, ATS1-like, and WD40) previously unknown to be associated with myosin motors. Regarding the apicomplexan "myosome," we significantly update class XIV classification, propose a systematic naming convention, and discuss possible functions in these parasites.
EFFECT OF GENDER AND SEX HORMONES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FOLLOWING TRAUMA - POTENTIAL CLINICAL APPLICATIONS (2006)

Several clinical and experimental studies demonstrate an increased susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and sepsis in males compared to females. Moreover, cell-mediated immune responses have been found to be unchanged or enhanced in proestrus females whereas they are depressed in males following trauma-hemorrhage. Studies have also shown that sex hormones mediate this gender dimorphism in the immune response following shock. In this respect, male sex hormones exhibit immunosuppressive properties following trauma-hemorrhage. Castration of male mice prior to traumahemorrhage prevented immunosuppression in males whereas treatment of females with physiological levels of testosterone depressed the immune response. In contrast, female sex steroids are immunoprotective under those conditions. Treatment of males with estrogen prevented immunosuppression following trauma and blood loss. Nonetheless, the precise underlying mechanisms for these immunomodulatory properties of sex steroids following shock remain unknown. Both direct and indirect effects might act synergistically in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones. In this respect, sex hormone receptors have been identified on various immune cells suggesting direct effects. In addition, signal transduction pathways, i.e., p38 MAP kinase activation are affected by sex hormones. In experimental animal models, administration of the testosterone receptor antagonist flutamide or treatment with DHEA (dehyroepiandrosterone) prevented immunosuppression following hemorrhage and decreased the mortality from subsequent sepsis. In addition, DHEA enhanced the immunoreactivity of PBMCs harvested from patients following major surgery. Thus, the immunomodulatory properties of sex hormones might represent novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immunodepression in patients following trauma and severe blood loss (Supported by DFG AN 357/1-1 and NIH GM37127-20).
Topology prediction for helical transmembrane proteins at 86% accuracy–Topology prediction at 86% accuracy (1996)

Previously, we introduced a neural network system predicting locations of transmembrane helices (HTMs) based on evolutionary profiles (PHDhtm, Rost B, Casadio R, Fariselli P, Sander C, 1995, Protein Sci 4:521-533). Here, we describe an improvement and an extension of that system. The improvement is achieved by a dynamic programming-like algorithm that optimizes helices compatible with the neural network output. The extension is the prediction of topology (orientation of first loop region with respect to membrane) by applying to the refined prediction the observation that positively charged residues are more abundant in extra-cytoplasmic regions. Furthermore, we introduce a method to reduce the number of false positives, i.e., proteins falsely predicted with membrane helices. The evaluation of prediction accuracy is based on a cross-validation and a double-blind test set (in total 131 proteins). The final method appears to be more accurate than other methods published: (1) For almost 89% (+/-3%) of the test proteins, all HTMs are predicted correctly. (2) For more than 86% (+/-3%) of the proteins, topology is predicted correctly. (3) We define reliability indices that correlate with prediction accuracy: for one half of the proteins, segment accuracy raises to 98%; and for two-thirds, accuracy of topology prediction is 95%. (4) The rate of proteins for which HTMs are predicted falsely is below 2% (+/-1%). Finally, the method is applied to 1,616 sequences of Haemophilus influenzae. We predict 19% of the genome sequences to contain one or more HTMs. This appears to be lower than what we predicted previously for the yeast VIII chromosome (about 25%).