gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety of Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure-Based Target Calculation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Functional Stereotactic Procedures (2007)

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common target of functional stereotactic surgeries. High-field magnetic resonance imaging and sophisticated computer systems provide precise identification of the nucleus location in stereotactic space. However, it is unclear what additional benefit these techniques provide over traditional anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC)-based standard atlas coordinate calculation methods based on the AC-PC plane. The accuracy of AC-PC-based standard atlas coordinate targeting of the STN using 1.5-tesla images compared with direct visualization of the nucleus on fused 3-tesla images was examined. A retrospective examination of stereotactic images from 20 patients (40 STN targets) who underwent deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease was undertaken at our institution. Two methods were used to identify the STN stereotactic coordinates: (1) an AC-PC-based standard atlas coordinate calculation obtained by a series of measurements using 1.5-tesla images, and (2) a computer workstation calculation using fused 3-tesla and 1.5-tesla images. Euclidean distances between two sets of coordinates of the same target were calculated in three dimensions. Differences along individual X, Y, and Z axes were analyzed to determine whether there was a greater difference in one direction than in another. Data from the right and left sides were pooled to increase the sample power. The anterior-posterior and lateral frame tilts were compared to X, Y, and Z differences to find a correlation using linear regression. Statistical analyses were performed. The accuracy of the position of the STN calculated with state-of-the-art imaging systems was not significantly better than that obtained using traditional AC-PC-based standard atlas coordinate calculation if the frame was aligned with the AC-PC plane. The mean difference was 0.45 mm, 0.72 mm, and 0.98 mm in the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to effectively target the STN for stereotactic treatment of Parkinson's disease, for instance in a situation where expensive advanced technology is unavailable.
High-Quality Violet- to Red-Emitting ZnSe/CdSe Core/Shell Nanocrystals (2005)

High-quality (uniform in size and morphology (σ = 3−5%), high crystallinity, high QY (40−85%), sharp and narrow absorption onsets and PL peaks (fwhm = 27−33 nm)) violet- to red-emitting ZnSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals have been prepared by the deposition of Cd/Se precursors (CdO and elemental Se, respectively) into a diluted crude ZnSe nanocrystals reaction solution.
Clinical practice guideline: Adult sinusitis (2007)

This clinical practice guideline is not intended as a sole source of guidance for managing adults with rhinosinusitis. Rather, it is designed to assist clinicians by providing an evidence-based framework for decision-making strategies. It is not intended to replace clinical judgment or establish a protocol for all individuals with this condition, and may not provide the only appropriate approach to diagnosing and managing this problem.
Chemical Modifications, Solid Phase, Radio‐Chemical and Enzymatic Transformations of Hyaluronic Acid (2015)

This chapter focuses on two subjects related to the field of mechanically stimulated reactions: (1) chemical and photochemical cross-linking of HA in aqueous solutions and (2) advanced methods of solid-phase polysaccharide modification. From these processes, the cross-linked hyaluronic hydrogels acquire a number of valuable properties that significantly extend the range of their medical applications. Radio-chemical transformations of hyaluronan aqueous solutions are studied by the radiation chemistry of biopolymers. Radiolysis of hyaluronan aqueous solutions could be described as destructive oxidative processes in which hydroxyl radical OH* plays the major role. Understanding of the mechanism of radiolysis of hyaluronan is necessary in order to develop a strategy to protect the polysaccharide from the destructive effects of oxidative radicals.
Analysis of the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin gene (1989)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin has been implicated as a virulence factor in human infections. To initiate delineation of leukotoxin structure/function relationships, molecular cloning of the leukotoxin gene was carried out. When an A. actinomycetemcomitans genomic DNA library in lambda EMBL3 was screened using a 1.3-kilobase pair restriction fragment containing a portion of the leukotoxin gene, 13 positive recombinants were identified. One recombinant, designated lambda OP8, containing a 16-kilobase pair insert was selected for detailed study. Lysates from lambda OP8, but not control lysates, exhibited leukotoxic activity with target cell specificity identical to the native toxin. Western blots identified the recombinant-produced toxin as a 125-kDa protein doublet identical in mobility to the native toxin. Restriction enzyme and extensive DNA analyses demonstrated that the leukotoxin gene showed strong homology to two other toxins produced by Escherichia coli and Pasteurella haemolytica. As in the other two species, the A. actinomycetemcomitans toxin is contained in a cluster of four genes in which the A gene encodes the toxin and the products of the B, C, and D genes are involved in posttranslational modification of the toxin and its membrane insertion and secretion. The target cell specificity of the A. actinomycetemcomitans toxin differs from the other two toxins and is restricted to human and some non-human primate cells of the monomyelocytic lineage. The A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin is not secreted but remains associated with the bacterial membrane, possibly through a hydrophobic domain at the carboxyl terminus which distinguishes it from the E. coli and P. haemolytica toxins.
Glucocorticoid‐induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family related protein (GITR) mediates inflammatory activation of macrophages that can destabilize atherosclerotic plaques (2006)

Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor family related protein (GITR) is the 18th member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF18) and is known to interact with its cognate ligand GITRL (TNFSF18). We investigated the potential role of GITR in the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses of human atherosclerotic plaques demonstrated that GITR and its ligand are expressed mainly in lipid-rich macrophages. We then investigated the role of GITR in human and mouse monocyte/macrophage functions. Stimulation of GITR caused nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in both the human and mouse monocytic/macrophage cell lines, THP-1 and RAW264.7, respectively. These cellular responses were also observed when the THP-1 cells were treated with phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA), which is known to induce macrophage differentiation. To demonstrate that these responses are not restricted to cultured cell lines, we tested primary macrophages. Both peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages responded to GITR stimulation with induction of MMP-9 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Furthermore, the GITR staining pattern overlapped with those of MMP-9 and TNF-alpha in atherosclerotic plaques. These data indicate that GITR-mediated macrophage activation may promote atherogenesis via the induction of pro-atherogenic cytokines/chemokines, and destabilize the atherosclerotic plaques via the induction of the matrix-degrading enzyme, MMP-9.
Change of left atrial systolic pressure waveform in relation to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. (1990)

The relation between the left atrial systolic pressure waveform and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was observed in 17 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were simultaneously recorded from a multisensor catheter before and during angiotensin infusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were 133 +/- 17 and 12.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and increased to 168 +/- 18 (p less than 0.01) and 19.4 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The left atrial systolic pressure curve consisted of two positive waves--a first wave (A) and a second wave (A'). The A and A' wave pressures were 11.6 +/- 2.3 and 10.2 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and 16.5 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01) and 18.1 +/- 4.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The ratio of A'/A of left atrial systolic pressure was 0.81 +/- 0.27 before angiotensin infusion and 1.08 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01) during infusion. The ratio of A' to A of left atrial systolic pressure was linearly related to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before and during (p less than 0.01) angiotensin infusion. The amplitude of the A wave exceeded that of the A' wave at normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. However, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased either at rest or during angiotensin infusion, the amplitude of the A' wave increased and often exceeded that of the A wave. These results suggest that the second (A') wave might be attributed to the increased reflection associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.
"類風溼性關節炎患者對治療達標(Treat to Target, T2T)衛教計畫之認知、態度與實行意願之初探" (2013)

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease, which can result in loss of mobility, cardiovascular diseases, or even reduce life expectancy. In the past decades, there has been advancement in the treatments for RA; however, there was still no clear treatment process and treatment goal. Consequently, treating RA to target (RA T2T) and treatment recommendations were defined in a 2010 expert’s meeting. For RA T2T promotion, this study aimed to understand the changes of knowledge, attitude and intent to practice of patients with rheumatoid arthritis toward Treat to Target (T2T) educational program and DAS28 scores between pretest - posttest T2T intervention was also performed. Method One group pretest - posttest quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study, targeting RA patients who have diagnosis in the past 3 years in a tertiary hospital. Before and after the intervention of RA T2T education program, the DAS28 was used to assess disease activity of joints and a questionnaire was used to survey their knowledge, attitude and behavior toward treat-to-target. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze proportion of demographic variables. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and correlation statistical analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Results There were 28 participants in this study: 5 males, 23 females; proportion of male to female is 1:4.6; average age was 51 years old; in terms of DAS28, most patient were moderate conditions (DAS28: 3.2~5.1); average time from onset till diagnosis was 4.1 years; 43% of patients have chronic disease. The research showed that following the intervention of RA T2T education program, patient’s knowledge, attitude and behavior intention has significant improved. After educational program, there was no significant difference in terms of DAS28 scores. Ninety percent of participants agreed that RA T2T was important, and showed high intention to practice RA T2T educational program. Conclusion For early stage RA patients, a timely patient education program can increase their knowledge, attitude, behavior intention. The RA T2T education booklet can be used in clinics in the future.
Specificity and degeneracy in peptide binding to HLA-B7-like class I molecules (1996)

The HLA-B7-like binding supertype includes several different HLA-B molecules. Herein, the primary and secondary anchor specificities of the five most common HLA-B7-like molecules (B*0702, B*3501, B51, B*5301, and B*5401) were defined by the use of molecular binding assays, analogue peptides, and large sets of peptides corresponding to naturally occurring sequences. All five B7-like molecules analyzed preferentially bound 9-mers, with a stringent requirement for proline in position 2, while a variety of hydrophobic or aromatic residues were well tolerated at the C-terminal anchor position. Although most peptides bound in an allele-specific fashion, approximately 20% of the binders identified were degenerate and bound at least three of the five B7-like molecules analyzed with affinities of 500 nM or less. It was also noted that, in general, peptides that bind with high affinity to any given one B7-like molecule were also most frequently capable of degenerate binding. Prominent roles for secondary anchors in positions 1 and 3 were observed for most B7-like molecules, and secondary anchor motifs were utilized to derive an HLA-B7-like supermotif. The validity of this B7-like supermotif was tested by a blind prediction set. Finally, the B7-like supermotif was utilized to derive a general strategy for rationally engineering peptide analogues of naturally occurring sequences with greatly increased binding affinity and degeneracy. Such engineered supermotif binding peptides may be of significant utility in the development of peptide-based vaccines against chronic viral diseases and cancer.
Structural and enzymological characterization of the homogeneous deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from Mycoplasma orale (1979)

We have purified the DNA polymerase from Mycoplasma orale to homogeneity. The protein structure of the enzyme was declined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, which revealed a single band of 116 000 daltons that was coincident with the polymerase activity profile in the final step of DNA--cellulose chromatography, and by two-dimensional gel analysis, which demonstrated a single protein species at pI = 6.8 that was congruent with enzyme activity and contained the same 116 000 polypeptide. although severe enzyme aggregation occurs during nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, a monomer species can be resolved with a Mr of 140 000 by the Ferguson plot analysis. Gel filtration and velocity gradient centrifugation yield a Stokes radius of 4.8 nm and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.6 S, respectively, from which Mr values of 106 000--128 000 can be computed. The different size values suggest that the polymerase molecule is asymmetric. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of approximately 6 x 10(5) units/mg of protein and in completely devoid of exodeoxyribonuclease and endodeoxyribonuclease activities, at exclusion limits of 10(-4)--10(-6%) of the polymerase activity. The mechanism of polymerization is moderately processive, with an average of 14 +/- 4 nucleotides incorporated per binding event, and the "effective template length" on activated DNA is approximately 40 nucleotides.
Epilepsy after brain insult (2002)

Seizures and epilepsy are common sequelae of acute brain insults such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and central nervous system infections. Early, or acute symptomatic, seizures occur at the time of the brain insult and may be a marker of severity of injury. A cascade of morphologic and biologic changes in the injured area over months to years leads to hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. After a variable latency period, late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy occur. The latent period may offer a therapeutic window for the prevention of epileptogenesis and the development of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy. Administration of anticonvulsant drugs following acute brain insults has thus far failed to prevent late epilepsy. Proper choice of disease models and target populations will aid in the development of putative antiepileptogenic agents. The incidence, timing, and pathophysiology of common epileptogenic brain injuries, including head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, brain tumors, neurosurgical procedures, neurodegenerative conditions, status epilepticus, and febrile seizures, are reviewed.
TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control (2008)

The YAP transcription coactivator has been implicated as an oncogene and is amplified in human cancers. Recent studies have established that YAP is phosphorylated and inhibited by the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Here we demonstrate that the TEAD family transcription factors are essential in mediating YAP-dependent gene expression. TEAD is also required for YAP-induced cell growth, oncogenic transformation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CTGF is identified as a direct YAP target gene important for cell growth. Moreover, the functional relationship between YAP and TEAD is conserved in Drosophila Yki (the YAP homolog) and Scalloped (the TEAD homolog). Our study reveals TEAD as a new component in the Hippo pathway playing essential roles in mediating biological functions of YAP.
Oxygen-17 and carbon-13 identification of the dimethyldioxirane intermediate arising in the reaction of potassium caroate with acetone (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen-17 and carbon-13 identification of the dimethyldioxirane intermediate arising in the reaction of potassium caroate with acetoneLuigi Cassidei, Michele Fiorentino, Rosella Mello, Oronzo Sciacovelli, and Ruggero CurciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 4, 699–700Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00380a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00380a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Viral vectors for vaccine applications (2013)

Traditional approach of inactivated or live-attenuated vaccine immunization has resulted in impressive success in the reduction and control of infectious disease outbreaks. However, many pathogens remain less amenable to deal with the traditional vaccine strategies, and more appropriate vaccine strategy is in need. Recent discoveries that led to increased understanding of viral molecular biology and genetics has rendered the used of viruses as vaccine platforms and as potential anti-cancer agents. Due to their ability to effectively induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, viral vectors are deemed as an attractive alternative to the traditional platforms to deliver vaccine antigens as well as to specifically target and kill tumor cells. With potential targets ranging from cancers to a vast number of infectious diseases, the benefits resulting from successful application of viral vectors to prevent and treat human diseases can be immense.
Genetic Modification of the Phenotypes Produced by Amyloid Precursor Protein Overexpression in Transgenic Mice (1997)

Overexpression of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) produces dramatically different phenotypes in transgenic mice depending on the genetic background. For example, concentrations of APP that produce amyloid plaques in outbred transgenic lines are lethal for inbred FVB/N or C57BL/6J mice. Expression of SOD1 transgenes is protective, suggesting involvement of oxidative damage in premature death, but ablation of Apoe had no significant effect. In contrast, FGF2 transgene overexpression enhances the lethal effects of APP. Differential survival does not appear to reflect genetic differences in APP processing, but rather host responses to APP or its derivatives.
All‐Photonic Molecular XOR and NOR Logic Gates Based on Photochemical Control of Fluorescence in a Fulgimide–Porphyrin–Dithienylethene Triad (2007)

Abstract A molecular triad consisting of a porphyrin linked to two photochromes, a fulgimide, and a dithienylethene, is synthesized and studied. When both photochromes are in their visible‐light‐absorbing forms, excitation of the fulgimide at 470 nm initiates a two‐step singlet energy‐transfer relay wherein excitation migrates first to the porphyrin and then to the dithienylethene. Photoisomerization of the dithienylethene to the open form using visible light prevents the second step, and excitation ultimately resides on the porphyrin, which fluoresces. Photoisomerization of the fulgimide eliminates significant absorption by the molecule at 470 nm, and consequently porphyrin excitation by energy transfer. Photoisomerization of each photochrome may be preferentially achieved, allowing access to all four isomeric states of the molecule. These states correspond to the outputs of logic gates, allowing solutions of the triad to perform either NOT‐OR (NOR) or exclusive OR (XOR) functions using only optical inputs and outputs.
Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), a potent inhibitor of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis. (1977)

Summary Topical application of retinoic acid to mouse skin led to a dramatic inhibition of phorbol ester (12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate)-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity, an event proposed to be essential for tumor promotion. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the dose and time of application of retinoic acid. In contrast, treatment with retinoic acid did not depress significantly the phorbol ester-induced S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activity, a second enzyme in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis. A number of natural vitamin A analogs (retinoids) were tested for their ability to inhibit tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and were found to be potent in the following order: retinoic acid > retinal > retinol > retinyl acetate > retinyl palmitate. The ability of retinoids to inhibit tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity correlated with their ability to inhibit skin tumor promotion. Mixing of soluble extracts from tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-treated mouse epidermis pretreated with either retinoic acid or acetone gave essentially additive ornithine decarboxylase activity, arguing against the production of an inhibitor of tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity. Furthermore, retinoic acid did not alter tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity when added to the assay mixture under normal assay conditions.