gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid β-Globin Genotyping by Multiplexing Probe Melting Temperature and Color (2000)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified by many different experimental approaches. The human β-globin gene has been genotyped by several methods, including PCR followed by restriction digestion (1)(2), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (3), allele-specific amplification during PCR, and the ligase chain reaction (4). These methods require several hours and sometimes days for diagnosis. Recently, rapid-cycle PCR has been combined with real-time fluorescence monitoring to detect mutations by fluorescent probe melting point analysis for homogeneous genotyping in 50 mutations, which produce various hemoglobinopathies (9). Hemoglobins S, C, and E are common and are routinely screened. Hemoglobin C (Hb C) results from a G-to-A mutation in the first nucleotide of codon 6, whereas hemoglobin S (Hb S) arises from an A-to-T mutation in the second nucleotide of this codon. Hemoglobin E (Hb E) results from a G-to-A mutation in the first nucleotide of codon 26. The close proximity of these three mutations allowed us to design a probe system that discriminated all genotypes using T m and two probe colors.

The human β-globin gene sequence (GenBank accession no. U01317 …
Electronic and molecular structure of selected unsubstituted and dimethyl amides from measurements of electric moments and nuclear magnetic resonance (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic and molecular structure of selected unsubstituted and dimethyl amides from measurements of electric moments and nuclear magnetic resonanceWilliam P. Purcell and Judith A. SingerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 13, 4316–4319Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100872a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j100872a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Anti-Tumor Activity of Phenoxodiol: From Bench to Clinic (2008)

A major limitation in the treatment of cancers is the prevalence of chemoresistant tumors. Chemotherapy agents induce cell death by activating apoptosis. However, most cancer cells express high levels of antiapoptotic proteins and, hence, are chemoresistant. Phenoxodiol, a novel isoflavone derivative, has been shown to induce apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, even in chemoresistant cancer cells. In addition, phenoxodiol has been shown to chemosensitize resistant cancer cells to commonly used chemotherapy agents, such as carboplatin and paclitaxel. This review will discuss the characterization of phenoxodiol's molecular mechanism and its current state in the clinic.
Failure of Ventilation in an Infant Due to Increased Resistance of a Disposable Heat and Moisture Exchanger (1996)

To the Editor: Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) are commonly used to minimize temperature loss and to protect mucosa from drying (thus preserving ciliary activity and lung mechanics). These devices are known to increase dead space and airway resistance [1-4]. Two studies have indicated that resistance is increased after the HME becomes wet [3,4]. One case report implicated a blood-soaked HME in an acute increase in airway pressure that resolved after removal of the HME [5]. We recently managed a case where a HME contributed to ventilatory difficulties in a small infant presenting for repair of tetralogy of Fallot. A HME was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Just prior to weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, an active heated humidifier was added and the HME was inadvertently left in place. During attempts at hand ventilation, there was a stiff, noncompliant feel to the ventilator bag (airway pressure 30-40 cm H2 O). Direct visualization of the lungs revealed full inflation, with no significant deflation. The endotracheal tube was irrigated with 3 mL of normal saline and suctioned, but no secretions were aspirated. At this time, the HME was discovered and removed. Thereafter, the lungs were easily inflated with airway pressure 25-30 cm H2 O and ready deflation was observed. The HME was noted to be warm and the filter material saturated with liquid. We were fortunate that our patient was supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and we had direct visualization of the lungs, alerting us to the possible etiology of this problem. Active humidification is a contraindication to the use of the HME. In addition, any situation that may lead to the saturation of the HME (irrigation fluid, secretions, bleeding, nebulized mediations) may represent a risk of complete airway obstruction. Steve D. Barnes, MD Donald A. Normoyle, MD Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago, IL 60612-3833
Quantitative Analysis of Efficient Antispam Techniques (2006)

While dynamic content-based filtering mechanisms for the identification of unsolicited commercial email (UCE, or more commonly "spam") have proven to be effective, these techniques require considerable computational resources. It is therefore highly desirable to reduce the number of emails that must be subjected to a content-based analysis. In this paper, a number of efficient techniques based on lower protocol level properties are analyzed using a large real-world data set. We show that combinations of several network-based filters can provide a computationally efficient pre-filtering mechanism at acceptable false-positive rates
Plasma proteins modified by tyrosine nitration in acute respiratory distress syndrome (2000)

The present study identifies proteins modified by nitration in the plasma of patients with ongoing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The proteins modified by nitration in ARDS were revealed by microsequencing and specific antibody detection to be ceruloplasmin, transferrin, alpha(1)-protease inhibitor, alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, and beta-chain fibrinogen. Exposure to nitrating agents did not deter the chymotrypsin-inhibiting activity of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin. However, the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin and the elastase-inhibiting activity of alpha(1)-protease inhibitor were reduced to 50.3 +/- 1.6 and 60.3 +/- 5.3% of control after exposure to the nitrating agent. In contrast, the rate of interaction of fibrinogen with thrombin was increased to 193.4 +/- 8.5% of the control value after exposure of fibrinogen to nitration. Ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin and elastase-inhibiting activity of the alpha(1)-protease inhibitor in the ARDS patients were significantly reduced (by 81 and 44%, respectively), whereas alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin activity was not significantly altered. Posttranslational modifications of plasma proteins mediated by nitrating agents may offer a biochemical explanation for the reported diminished ferroxidase activity, elevated levels of elastase, and fibrin deposits detected in patients with ongoing ARDS.
Modification of Gold Nanorods Using Phosphatidylcholine to Reduce Cytotoxicity (2005)

Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which is necessary for the preparation of gold nanorods (NRs), was extracted from a NR solution into a chloroform phase containing phosphatidylcholine (PC). After three extractions, the zeta potential of the NRs remained positive, but its magnitude decreased from +67 +/- 1 to +15 +/- 1 mV. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that the NRs were passivated with PC. The PC layer on the NR surface contributed to the prevention of NR aggregation. The PC-passivated NRs showed low cytotoxicity in comparison with twice-centrifuged NRs. It was shown that a negligible amount of CTAB was dispersed in the NR solution after the extraction. The extraction using a chloroform phase containing PC was found to be a convenient way of replacing the CTAB with alternative capping agents such as PC. This is a key technique for preparing functional NRs that can have practical applications.
Identification of two SH3-binding motifs in the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (1994)

Src homology 3 (SH3) domains have been recently shown to bind to proline-rich sequences contained in 3BP1, 3BP2, and SOS. In a recent study we demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) associates with the Fyn SH3 domain. Here we show that p85, the regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, binds directly to the SH3 domains of Abl, Lck, Fyn, and p85 itself. An examination of p85 amino acid sequence revealed two proline-rich sequences in its N-terminal region similar to those present in 3BP1, 3BP2, and SOS. To test whether these sequences mediate the association of p85 with SH3 domains two peptides with amino acid composition corresponding to the p85 alpha proline-rich sequences were synthesized and used in competition assays. Both peptides worked equally well in inhibiting the binding of PI 3-kinase activity and p85 alpha to Fyn SH3 domain, whereas a control peptide had no effect. These results indicate that, as in 3BP1 and SOS, the proline-rich sequences in p85 mediate its interaction with SH3 domains. These results also suggest that the SH3 domain of p85 may "self-associate" with the proline-rich motifs of the same subunit as part of the PI 3-kinase regulatory mechanism.
7-(4-Fluorobenzylamino)-2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-amine methanol disolvate (2011)

The 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine system in the title compound, C(17)H(14)FN(7)·2CH(3)OH, is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0215 Å. The attached phenyl ring lies almost in the mean plane of the heterocyclic core [dihedral angle = 3.56 (4)°]. In the crystal, centrosymmetric inversion dimers connected via inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds between H atom of the primary amino group and the triazine N atom [R(2) (2)(8) graph-set motif] form sheets parallel to (010). A second set of dimers connected via N-H⋯F hydrogen bonds between the other H atom of the primary amino group and the F atom forms an R(2) (2)(24) graph-set motif linking the sheets. Methanol solvent mol-ecules are packed in channels running along the [010] direction.
Size Effects on the Stiffness of Silica Nanowires (2005)

Small but stiff: Results in the literature display an unexplained elastic weakening of silica nanowires with diameters between 43 and 98 nm. However, our new direct mechanical tests using a scanning probe microscope (see schematic) show that silica wires with diameters as small as 280 nm still exhibit the stiffness of bulk silica, while classical molecular dynamics simulations for diameters up to 6 nm predict a small increase in stiffness.
Transforming growth factor beta is sequestered into an inactive pool by lipoproteins (1997)

Elevated plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) have been correlated with the development of atherosclerosis. These lipoproteins may promote atherogenesis by direct deposition of lipid in the vessel wall. In addition, previous data suggested that there was an inverse correlation between serum LDL-cholesterol concentration and the proportion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in an active form (Grainger et al. 1995. Nature Med. 1:74). Here we have investigated whether lipoproteins can affect the activity of TGF-beta1 in plasma and show that TGF-beta can associate with the lipoprotein fraction. In the plasma of healthy males, 16 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard deviation; n = 57) of the total plasma TGF-beta1 was associated with the lipoprotein fraction, with the major proportion (64 +/- 15%) in the HDL-3 subfraction. However, in ten diabetic subjects with moderately poor glucose control (Hb alc > 8.0), the proportion of total plasma TGF-beta in the lipoprotein fraction was 68 +/- 21%. This large increase in TGF-beta1 associated with the lipoprotein fraction was mainly due to association with VLDL, chylomicrons, and LDL. The lipoprotein fraction inhibits TGF-beta1 binding to the type II TGF-beta receptor extracellular domain in an ELISA and inhibits TGF-beta1 activity in the mink lung cell bioassay. We propose that sequestration of TGF-beta into lipoproteins represents a novel mechanism by which TGF-beta activity in circulation may be regulated. Lipoprotein sequestration of TGF-beta may therefore contribute to the severe depression of TGF-beta activity in advanced atherosclerosis.
Deoxycytidine deaminase-resistant stereoisomer is the active form of (+/-)-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine in the inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication. (1992)

2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (+/-)-SddC) was found to have potent activity against human hepatitis B virus as well as human immunodeficiency viruses in culture. The (-)form ((-)-SddC) which is resistant to deoxycytidine deaminase was found to be the more active antiviral stereoisomer than the (+)-form ((+)-SddC). The (+)-SddC is susceptible to deamination by deoxycytidine deaminase and is 25- and 12-fold more toxic than (-)-SddC in CEM cells in terms of anti-cell growth and anti-mitochondrial DNA synthesis, respectively. Similar results were obtained using a mixture of their 5-fluoro analogs ((+/-)-FSddC). Unlike 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, which is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial DNA synthesis and results in such delayed toxicity as peripheral neuropathy with long term usage, (-)-SddC does not affect mitochondrial DNA synthesis. The (-)form is phosphorylated to (-)-SddCMP and is subsequently converted to (-)-SddCDP and (-)-SddCTP. One additional major metabolite which has been tentatively assigned the name "(-)-SddCMP sialate" was also identified. No significant difference in terms of the profiles of the metabolites was found between 4 and 24 h. There is an appreciable amount of (-)-SddCTP detectable 24 h after removal of the drug. (-)-SddCTP was also found to be approximately 3-fold more potent than (+)-SddCTP in inhibiting human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. This is the first nucleoside analog with the unnatural sugar configuration demonstrated to have antiviral activity.
Is the soluble KDI domain of γ1 laminin a regeneration factor for the mammalian central nervous system? (2003)

Regeneration of adult mammalian CNS is poor as a result of environmental factors that prevent axon growth. The major factors hampering regeneration of central axons include proteins released from the damaged myelin sheets of the injured neuronal pathways and formation of the glial scar. By using an experimental model of human CNS injury, we show that survival and neurite outgrowth of human central neurons are significantly enhanced by the soluble KDI domain of gamma1 laminin. Our results indicate that the KDI domain appears to neutralize both glia-derived inhibitory signals and inhibitory molecules released from the myelin of the adult human spinal cord. We propose that the KDI domain may enhance regeneration of injuries in the adult mammalian CNS.
The Effect of Ketotifen on the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. (1992)

抗アレルギー剤の1つであるketotifenの好中球由来活性酸素(reactive oxygen species: ROS)産生能に及ぼす影響を, superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicalについて検討した。またcell-freeのROS産生系であるxanthine-xanthine oxidase系についても調べた。その結果, ketotifenは好中球系において3種類のROSを濃度依存性に抑制することが判明した。一方xanthine-xanthine oxidase系では, ketotifenは3種類のROSに対して全く影響を及ぼさなかった。これらの結果より, ketotifenは産生されたROSに対してscavenger(捕捉除去)作用を示すことによってROSを低下させるのではなく, 細胞機能に作用することによりROS産生を抑制し, 抗炎症作用を発揮すると考えられた。このことは, ketotifenが好中球による炎症を伴ったアレルギー性疾患に対して有効である可能性を示唆するものと思われる。
Stability of Suspensions of Influenza Virus Dried to Different Contents of Residual Moisture by Sublimation In Vacuo (1968)

After freezing, suspensions of influenza virus were dried by sublimation of water in vacuo to contents of residual moisture of 3.2, 2.1, 1.7, 1, or 0.4%. The stability of the several suspensions was determined by an accelerated storage test. Based on the times predicted for the dried preparations stored at different temperatures to lose 1 log of infectivity titer, the order of stability in relation to residual moistures was as follows: 1.7% > 2.1% > 1% > 3.2% > 0.4%.
Prostate Cancer, Version 1.2014 (2013)

The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer provide multidisciplinary recommendations on the clinical management of patients with prostate cancer. This report highlights notable recent updates. Radium-223 dichloride is a first-in-class radiopharmaceutical that recently received approval for the treatment of patients with symptomatic bone metastases and no known visceral disease. It received a category 1 recommendation as both a first-line and second-line option. The NCCN Prostate Cancer Panel also revised recommendations on the choice of intermittent or continuous androgen deprivation therapy based on recent phase III clinical data comparing the 2 strategies in the nonmetastatic and metastatic settings.
The CRISPR/Cas Adaptive Immune System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mediates Resistance to Naturally Occurring and Engineered Phages (2012)

Here we report the isolation of 6 temperate bacteriophages (phages) that are prevented from replicating within the laboratory strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 by the endogenous CRISPR/Cas system of this microbe. These phages are only the second identified group of naturally occurring phages demonstrated to be blocked for replication by a nonengineered CRISPR/Cas system, and our results provide the first evidence that the P. aeruginosa type I-F CRISPR/Cas system can function in phage resistance. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and a proximal 8-nucleotide seed sequence in mediating CRISPR/Cas-based immunity. Through engineering of a protospacer region of phage DMS3 to make it a target of resistance by the CRISPR/Cas system and screening for mutants that escape CRISPR/Cas-mediated resistance, we show that nucleotides within the PAM and seed sequence and across the non-seed-sequence regions are critical for the functioning of this CRISPR/Cas system. We also demonstrate that P. aeruginosa can acquire spacer content in response to lytic phage challenge, illustrating the adaptive nature of this CRISPR/Cas system. Finally, we demonstrate that the P. aeruginosa CRISPR/Cas system mediates a gradient of resistance to a phage based on the level of complementarity between CRISPR spacer RNA and phage protospacer target. This work introduces a new in vivo system to study CRISPR/Cas-mediated resistance and an additional set of tools for the elucidation of CRISPR/Cas function.
Droplet formation in a thin layer of a two-component solution under the thermal action of laser radiation (2007)

Droplet growth in thin layers of water-alcohol solutions under the effect of a concentration-induced capillary flow, which is governed by a laser electromagnetic radiation, is investigated. It is established that an increase in water concentration in a solution accelerates the droplet growth. In low-concentrated solutions, a droplet may reach a quasi-steady state, in which its diameter is no larger than the diameter of the light beam projection onto the layer. A rise in the radiation power above an optimal magnitude decelerates the droplet growth. In low-concentrated solutions, this deceleration results from a decrease in the flow that feeds the droplet, while in high-concentrated solutions, it is due to a droplet constriction and an increase in its curvature radius.
Effect of murine mast cell growth factor (c-kit proto-oncogene ligand) on colony formation by human marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells (1991)

Purified natural (n) and recombinant (r) murine (mu) mast cell growth factor (MGF, a c-kit ligand) were evaluated alone and in combination with r human (hu) erythropoietin (Epo), rhu granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF), rhuG-CSF, and/or rhuM-CSF for effects in vitro on colony formation by multipotential (colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythroid, monocyte, megakaryocyte [CFU-GEMM]), erythroid (burst-forming unit erythroid [BFU-E]) and granulocyte- macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells from normal human bone marrow. MGF was a potent enhancing cytokine for Epo-dependent CFU-GEMM and BFU-E colony formation, stimulating more colonies and of a larger size than either rhu interleukin-3 (rhuIL-3) or rhuGM-CSF. MGF, especially at lower concentrations, also acted with rhuIL-3 or rhuGM-CSF to enhance Epo-dependent CFU-GEMM and BFU-E colony formation. MGF had little stimulating activity for CFU-GM colonies by itself, but in combination with suboptimal to optimal amounts of rhuGM-CSF enhanced the numbers and the size of CFU-GM colonies in an additive to greater than additive manner. While we did not detect an effect of MGF on CFU-G colony numbers stimulated by maximal concentrations of rhuG-CSF, MGF did enhance the size of CFU-G-derived colonies. MGF did not enhance the activity of rhuM-CSF. In a comparative assay, maximal concentrations of rmu and rhuMGF were equally effective in the enhancement of human bone marrow colony formation, but rhuMGF, in contrast to rmuMGF, did not at the concentrations tested enhance colony formation by mouse bone marrow cells. MGF effects on BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-GEMM may be direct acting ones as MGF-enhanced colony formation by these cells in highly enriched progenitor cell populations of CD34 HLA-DR+ and CD34 HLA-DR+CD33- sorted cells in which greater than or equal to 1 of 2 cells was a BFU-E plus CFU-GM plus CFU-GEMM. MGF appears to be an early acting cytokine that preferentially stimulates the growth of immature hematopoietic progenitor cells.
A p5 integration efficiency element mediates Rep-dependent integration into AAVS1 at chromosome 19 (2002)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) undergoes site-specific integration into human chromosome 19 through a deletion-substitution mechanism at the well characterized AAVS1 site. We have shown previously that a cis element within the left end of the AAV genome enhances the efficiency of Rep-mediated site-specific integration into chromosome 19 when present in inverted terminal repeat-containing recombinant AAV (rAAV) plasmids. We now demonstrate that a 138-bp cis element, the p5 integration efficiency element (p5IEE), mediates efficient integration. The p5IEE is not only required for efficient site-specific integration, it is also sufficient. Integration mediated by the p5IEE occurs in the absence of the AAV inverted terminal-repeat elements. The data presented in this study demonstrate that the p5IEE is a multifunctional element, serving as the highly regulatable Rep promoter and the primary substrate for targeted integration.