gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Zea mays L. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the Shoot Apex (1991)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is established as a vector for gene transfer in many dicotyledonous plants but is not accepted as a vector in monocotyledonous plants, especially in the important Gramineae. The use of Agrobacterium to transfer genes into monocot species could simplify the transformation and improvement of important crop plants. In this report we describe the use of Agrobacterium to transfer a gene into corn, the regeneration of plants, and detection of the transferred genes in the F(1) progeny. Shoot apices of Zea mays L. variety Funk's G90 were cocultivated with A. tumefaciens EHA 1, which harbored the plasmid pGUS3 containing genes for kanamycin resistance (NPT II) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS). Plants developed from these explants within 4 to 6 weeks. Fluorometric GUS assays of leaves and immature seeds from the plants exhibited low GUS activity. Both NOS and GUS gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction in the DNA isolated from the F(1) generations of one of the original transformed plants. Southern analysis showed both GUS and NPT probes hybridized to DNA in several of the F(1) progeny, demonstrating the incorporation of GUS and NPT II genes into high molecular weight DNA. These data establish successful gene transfer and sexual inheritance of the genes.
Propagation characteristics of single-mode graded-index elliptical core linear and nonlinear fiber using super-Gaussian approximation (2009)

A rigorous, much simplified, and accurate analysis of the modal field characteristics such as propagation constants, mode power confinement, delay and dispersion characteristics of a single-mode graded-index elliptical core fiber is presented applying a variational method and super-Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modal field. Normalized propagation constants, a fundamental parameter to evaluate other modal characteristics, obtained through this method showed a greater accuracy over the entire range of practical interest in comparison with other reported methods. The effects of various aspect ratios on these characteristics are analyzed. In addition, the effect of Kerr nonlinearity on these characteristics is investigated using the reported method, and a comparison is made with the linear results.
An integrated microfluidic device for large-scale in situ click chemistry screening (2009)

An integrated microfluidic device has been developed to perform 1024 in situ click chemistry reactions in parallel using the bovine carbonic anhydrous II (bCAII) click chemistry system as a proof-of-concept study and a rapid hit identification approach using SPE purification and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis, all of which improves the sensitivity and throughput of the downstream analysis.
The Linkage of Kennedy's Neuron Disease to ARA24, the First Identified Androgen Receptor Polyglutamine Region-associated Coactivator (1999)

Although the linkage of polyglutamine (poly-Q) repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy) was a major step forward, the detailed molecular mechanism of how the change in poly-Q length contributes to the disease remains unclear. Here we report the identification of a nuclear G-protein, Ras-related nuclear protein/ARA24, as the first AR coactivator that can bind differentially with different lengths of poly-Q within AR. In the yeast and mammalian reciprocal interacting assays, our data suggested the interaction of AR N-terminal domain with ARA24 diminishes as the poly-Q length increases. The coactivation of ARA24 also diminishes with the poly-Q expansion within AR. Deletion of the acidic hexapeptide (DEDDDL) at the C terminus of ARA24 further enhances its AR coactivation. Together, our data suggest that poor interaction and weaker coactivation of ARA24 to the longer poly-Q AR in the X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophied AR could contribute to the weaker transactivation of AR. The consequence of poor interaction and weak coactivation may eventually lead to the partial androgen insensitivity during the development of Kennedy's disease.
Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the picornavirus Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus indicates that it is closely related to cardioviruses (1987)

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) are naturally occurring enteric pathogens of mice which constitute a separate serological group within the picornavirus family. Persistent TMEV infection in mice provides a relevant experimental animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. To provide information about the TMEV classification, genome organization, and protein processing map, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the TMEV genome and deduced the amino acid sequence of the polyprotein coding region. The RNA genome, which is typical of the picornavirus family, is 8,098 nucleotides long. The 5' untranslated region is 1,064 nucleotides long (making it the longest in the picornavirus family after the aphthoviruses) and lacks a poly(C) tract. Computer-generated comparison of the 5' and 3' noncoding regions and polyprotein revealed the highest level of nucleotide and predicted amino acid identity between the TMEV and the cardioviruses encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Mengo virus. The TMEV polyprotein, which appears to be processed like EMCV since the amino acids flanking the putative proteolytic cleavage sites have been conserved, begins with a short leader peptide followed by 11 other gene products in the standard L-4-3-4 picornavirus arrangement. Because of these similarities, we propose that the TMEV be grouped with the cardioviruses. However, since TMEV and EMCV have different biophysical properties and show no cross-neutralization, they most likely belong in a separate cardiovirus subgroup.
Orientation of the Genome of Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus: a Proposal (1982)

The nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica contains a double-stranded, circular DNA genome. Fourteen scientists agreed to accept an orientation of this circular genome with respect to a physical map of the restriction endonuclease cleavage sites.
Towards visually servoed manipulation of car engine parts (1997)

The disassembly of engines of used cars based on visually servoed manipulators requires a state-of-the-art vision system which is able to evaluate images of dirty, partly occluded or possibly rearranged quasi- or non-polyhedral parts in real-time. As the pose of a stationary rigid part has, in general, six degrees of freedom, at least six degrees of freedom of a manipulator have to be visually controlled. Two pose estimators relying on different types of image features are discussed within a common framework. A position-based solution to the visually servoed manipulation of non-polyhedrals is presented that extends to real time and meets all given requirements. Experiments with the manipulation of a battery, which is partly occluded by wires, show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Molecular recognition between oligopeptides and nucleic acids. Specificity of binding of a monocationic bis‐furan lexitropsin to DNA deduced from footprinting and 1H NMR studies (1989)

MPE-Fe(EDTA) footprinting of a novel monocationic bis-furan lexitropsin 6 on a HindIII/EcoRI restriction fragment of pBR322 DNA revealed a series of four-base binding sites (all 5'----3') of (primary) TGTA, TGAA, AAAT, ACAA, TTAT, and (secondary) CTAA, TCGT, TGTA, GTCA, and GGTT. Thus 6 can accept a GC pair at positions 1, 2 or 3 of the binding site with a strict 3' (4 position) AT requirement. Marked enhancement of cleavage, particularly at GC rich sequences, is observed at regions flanking or even up to 18 base pairs remote from a given binding site. The non-exchangeable and imino 1H NMR resonances of the 1:1 complex and d-[CATGGCCATG]2 were assigned using a combination of NOE differences, NOESY and COSY techniques. 1H NMR studies (ligand induced chemical shifts and NOE differences) of Lexitropsin 6 with d-[CATGGCCATG]2 show unambiguously the location and orientation of the N to C termini of 6 on the sequence 5'-G5C6C7A8-3', with the C terminus oriented to A8. This orientation of 6 in the minor groove of 5'-GCCA is confirmed by an NOE observed between H1 2a of 6 and AH8(8). This preference for binding of 6 to the sequence 5'-GCCA when challenged with d-[CATGGCCATG]2 is in accord with the conclusions of the footprinting experiments wherein GC base pairs can be accepted in the first three positions and with a strict 3' terminus AT reading requirement. Collectively the data support the inference of a GC recognizing capacity for a 2,5-substituted furan moiety within a lexitropsin. The 1H NMR data indicate that the decadeoxyribonucleotide duplex exists in the B conformation in both the 1:1 complex and the free form. The apparent binding constant of 6 to calf thymus DNA is 1.68 X 10(5) M-1 whereas netropsin under similar conditions gives a value of 1.85 X 10(7) M-1. This suggests that if advantage is to be taken of the GC recognizing property of a 2,5-substituted furan in longer lexitropsins it should be flanked by more strongly bound moieties.
Cultivation and characterization of human rotaviruses with "super short" RNA patterns (1987)

Two group A, subgroup I, rotavirus strains possessing "super short" RNA patterns were adapted to growth in MA-104 cells. Both produced marked cytopathic effect in primary culture. Reciprocal cross-neutralization titers, polypeptide analysis, and the serum neutralizing antibody response of an infected child suggested that super short viruses are serotypically distinct from the four recognized human serotypes.
Expression of a cytoplasmic transhydrogenase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae results in formation of 2-oxoglutarate due to depletion of the NADPH pool (2000)

The intracellular redox state of a cell is to a large extent defined by the concentration ratios of the two pyridine nucleotide systems NADH/NAD(+) and NADPH/NADP(+) and has a significant influence on product formation in microorganisms. The enzyme pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, which can catalyse transfer of reducing equivalents between the two nucleotide systems, occurs in several organisms, but not in yeasts. The purpose of this work was to analyse how metabolism during anaerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae might be altered when transfer of reducing equivalents between the two systems is made possible by expression of a cytoplasmic transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. We therefore cloned sth, encoding this enzyme, and expressed it under the control of a S. cerevisiae promoter in a strain derived from the industrial model strain S. cerevisiae CBS8066. Anaerobic batch cultivations in high-performance bioreactors were carried out in order to allow quantitative analysis of the effect of transhydrogenase expression on product formation and on the intracellular concentrations of NADH, NAD(+), NADPH and NADP(+). A specific transhydrogenase activity of 4.53 U/mg protein was measured in the extracts from the strain expressing the sth gene from A. vinelandii, while no transhydrogenase activity could be detected in control strains without the gene. Production of the transhydrogenase caused a significant increase in formation of glycerol and 2-oxoglutarate. Since NADPH is used to convert 2-oxoglutarate to glutamate while glycerol formation increases when excess NADH is formed, this suggested that transhydrogenase converted NADH and NADP(+) to NAD(+) and NADPH. This was further supported by measurements of the intracellular nucleotide concentrations. Thus, the (NADPH/NADP(+)):(NADH/NAD(+)) ratio was reduced from 35 to 17 by the transhydrogenase. The increased formation of 2-oxoglutarate was accompanied by a two-fold decrease in the maximal specific growth rate. Also the biomass and ethanol yields were significantly lowered by the transhydrogenase.
Remodeling of the chronic severely failing ischemic sheep heart after coronary microembolization: functional, energetic, structural, and cellular responses (2004)

The mandatory use of pharmacotherapy in human heart failure (HF) impedes further study of natural history and remodeling mechanisms. We created a sheep model of chronic, severe, ischemic HF [left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% stable over 4 wk] by selective coronary microembolization under general anesthesia and followed hemodynamic, energetic, neurohumoral, structural, and cellular responses over 6 mo. Thirty-eight sheep were induced into HF (58% success), with 23 sheep followed for 6 mo (21 sheep with sufficient data for analysis) after the LVEF stabilized (median of 3 embolizations). Early doubling of LV end-diastolic pressure persisted, as did increases in LV end-diastolic volume, LV wall stress, and LV wall thinning. Contractile impairment (LV end-systolic elastance, LV preload recruitable stroke work, and dobutamine-responsive contractile reserve) and diastolic dysfunction also remained stable. Cardiac mechanical energy efficiency did not recover. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels remained elevated, but rises in plasma aldosterone and renin activity were transient. Collagen content increased 170%, the type I-to-III phenotype ratio doubled in the LV, but right ventricular collagen remained unaltered. Fas ligand cytokine levels correlated with expression of both caspase-3 and -2, suggesting a link in the apoptotic "death cascade." Caspase-3 activity also bore a close relationship to LV meridional wall stress calculated from echocardiographic and intraventricular pressure measurements. We concluded that the stability of chronic untreated severe ischemic HF depends on the recruitment of myocardial remodeling mechanisms that involve an interaction among hemodynamic load, contractile efficiency/energetics, neurohumoral activation, response of the extracellular matrix, wall stress, and the myocyte apoptotic pathway.
Benzimidazolium Triflate as an Efficient Promoter for Nucleotide Synthesis via the Phosphoramidite Method (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTBenzimidazolium Triflate as an Efficient Promoter for Nucleotide Synthesis via the Phosphoramidite MethodYoshihiro Hayakawa, Masanori Kataoka, and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Human Informatics, and Department of Chemistry and Molecular Chirality Research Unit, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 23, 7996–7997Publication Date (Web):November 15, 1996Publication History Received13 August 1996Published online15 November 1996Published inissue 15 November 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961569ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961569erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1171Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Condensation,Mixtures,Nucleic acids,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Stereocontrolled Total Syntheses of meso-Chimonanthine and meso-Calycanthine via a Novel Samarium Mediated Reductive Dialkylation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStereocontrolled Total Syntheses of meso-Chimonanthine and meso-Calycanthine via a Novel Samarium Mediated Reductive DialkylationJ. T. Link and Larry E. OvermanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 516 Physical Sciences 1 University of California at Irvine Irvine, California 92697-2025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 34, 8166–8167Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1996Publication History Received24 May 1996Published online28 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961757mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961757mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2664Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Mixtures,Organic compounds,Pharmaceuticals,Samarium Get e-Alerts
Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is centered on the unpredictable clinical course of the disease that can rapidly develop, causing severe and deadly complications. The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers able to classify patients based on their risk is imperative in being able to guarantee prompt treatment. The analysis of recently published studies highlights the role of systemic vasculitis and cytokine mediated coagulation disorders as the principal actors of multi organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications. The following biomarkers have been identified: hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT)), immunological (interleukin (IL)-6 and biochemical (D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), especially those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). New laboratory biomarkers could be identified through the accurate analysis of multicentric case series; in particular, homocysteine and angiotensin II could play a significant role.
Large-Scale Integration of Deferrable Demand and Renewable Energy Sources (2013)

We present a stochastic unit commitment model for assessing the impacts of the large-scale integration of renewable energy sources and deferrable demand in power systems in terms of reserve requirements. We analyze three demand response paradigms for assessing the benefits of demand flexibility: the centralized co-optimization of generation and demand by the system operator, demand bids and the coupling of renewable resources with deferrable loads. We motivate coupling as an alternative for overcoming the drawbacks of the two alternative demand response options and we present a dynamic programming algorithm for coordinating deferrable demand with renewable supply. We present simulation results for a model of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council.
Alumite disc using anordic oxidation (1986)

Perpendicular magnetic alumite discs were obtained using an anodic oxidation method.The additional new pore widening process was effective to control the coercive force. The electro-deposited fine iron needles were single crystals and the growth direction was [110]. The recording characteristics of 3.5 and 5.25 inch rigid discs were evaluated. A recording density D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> of 50 KBPI was attained for the disc with a media thickness 1.5 µm. The environmental test under an atmosphere of of 40 °C 90 % R. H. over 1000 hr affirmed the stability of the alumite disc with 250A SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> overcoat.
Tissue reaction to intraperitoneal polymer implants: Species difference and effects of corticoid and doxorubicin (1989)

The peritoneal cavity is a convenient site for implantation of encapsulated hormone-secreting tissue. However, host tissue organization around such implants may affect solute exchange and viability of the encapsulated tissue. The reaction to polyvinyl chloride acrylic copolymer capsules implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rats and mice was therefore studied. Some animals received a slow release dexamethasone pellet, others were pretreated with doxorubicin, in an attempt to minimize the tissue reaction. The tissue reaction was significantly thicker in rats than in mice at both 2 and 6 weeks after implantation. In rats, corticoids decreased significantly the thickness of the reactive layer as compared to control at all time points studied, but doxorubicin had no effect. The tissue reaction in mice was not significantly affected by corticoid treatment. In both species the thickness of the tissue reaction did not increase significantly between 2 and 6 weeks. At 3 days the tissue reaction consisted of an interrupted single layer of macrophages in mice, whereas in rats the reaction consisted of two or three layers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells. At both 2 and 6 weeks, several cell layers surrounded the implants: a single layer of macrophages lying along the polymer, a variable number of layers of fibroblasts interspersed with collagen fibrils (fewer in mice than in rats, and fewer in corticoid treated rats than control rats) and an outer monolayer of mesothelial cells. We conclude that the intensity of tissue reaction to polymer implants in the peritoneal cavity is species dependent and can be decreased by the administration of corticoids but not doxorubicin.
A Conserved NXIP Motif Is Required for Cell Adhesion Properties of the Syndecan-4 Ectodomain (2006)

Syndecans are cell surface proteoglycans involved in cell adhesion and motility. Syndecan-4 is an important component of focal adhesions and is involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. Previous work has shown that the syndecan-4 ectodomain can support cell attachment. Here, three vertebrate syndecan-4 ectodomains were compared, including that of the zebrafish, and we have demonstrated that the cell binding activity of the syndecan-4 ectodomain is conserved. Cell adhesion to the syndecan-4 ectodomain appears to be a characteristic of mesenchymal cells. Comparison of syndecan-4 ectodomain sequences led to the identification of three conserved regions of sequence, of which the NXIP motif is important for cell binding activity. We have shown that cell adhesion to the syndecan-4 ectodomain involves beta1 integrins in several cell types.