gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placenta growth factor-1 is chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic. (1997)

The placental-derived growth factor (PIGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein showing a high degree of sequence similarity to the vascular endothelial growth factor. Alternative splicing of the PIGF primary transcript gives rise to two forms, named PIGF-1 and PIGF-2, which differ only in the insertion of a highly basic 21-amino acid stretch at the carboxyl end. The presence of the PIGF mRNA in thyroid, placenta, lung, and goiter has indicated the tissues where this factor functions. However, the role of PIGF in vascular development has not yet been clearly established. In the present study, we described the purification of PIGF-1 from overexpressing eukaryotic cells and then measured the angiogenic activity of the purified PIGF-1 in vivo in the rabbit cornea and the chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. In both in vivo assays, PIGF-1 induced a strong neovascularization process that was blocked by affinity-purified anti-PIGF-1 antibody. In the avascular cornea, PIGF-1 induced angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner and seemed to be at least as effective (if not more effective) than vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor under the same conditions and at the same concentration. PIGF-1 was shown to induce cell growth and migration of endothelial cells from bovine coronary postcapillary venules and from human umbilical veins. In these two in vitro assays, PIGF-1 seemed to have a comparable effect to that of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor on the cultured microvascular endothelium (eg, capillary venule endothelial cells). In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate that PIGF-1 can induce angiogenesis in vivo and stimulate the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro.
Polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifier array grown by selective MOVPE (1994)

Polarization-insensitive 1.3 μm wavelength semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) arrays are developed for the first time, by using a new fabrication process with selective MOVPE. In a four-channel array, the SOAs have uniform device characteristics of more than 20 dB signal gain and less than 1 dB polarization sensitivity.
Industrial Biocatalysis:  Past, Present, and Future (2000)

Industrial biocatalysis is older than one might think. In the past, entire microorganisms have been used, for instance, for the production of acetic acid from ethanol. The racemic resolution of amino acids via the acylase method is regarded as one of the first industrial processes using isolated enzymes (Tanabe, Japan, 1969). Presently, approximately 100 different biotransformations are carried out in industry, mostly for the production of pharmaceutical and agrochemical precursors. In most cases, chiral compounds (fine chemicals) are obtained. Biotransformations are also successful for the production of commodities such as acryl amide. Until now, mainly hydrolases are used industrially with water as solvent. A lot of additional processes are presently under development where oxidreductases are also employed. Another important reaction type is the C−C-bond formation using the reverse reaction of lyases. In the future, we will see a transition from degrading reactions via transforming reactions to synthetic reactions. We will also see more biotransformations in the presence of organic solvents. Probably, there will be a renaissance of whole cell biotransformations where undesired side activities and further metabolising steps (besides the desired reaction) are avoided by means of gene-disruption. Work is going on to establish non-natural cofactor-regenerating systems in whole cells (“designer strains”). Especially the methods of non-natural evolution of enzymes and the possibility to combine such enzymes in one strain can be of great importance for biocatalysis in future. With respect to isolated enzymes it can be predicted that the cost of enzymes will further drop due to an efficient production with genetically engineered microorganisms or higher cells. The gap between enzyme catalysis and homogeneous catalysis will narrow. On one hand we will see enzymes, which have been adapted to industrial biocatalysis by means of evolution under non-natural conditions. On the other hand, homogeneous catalysts will show up, which will mimic principles of enzyme catalysis (synzymes).
Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer by Soy Isoflavones (2007)

A trend in investigating the use of several nutritional compounds for cancer chemoprevention has revealed that phytochemicals demonstrated anti-cancer properties by inhibiting signal transduction pathways essential for cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant effects of some of these dietary agents could be utilized to both potentiate the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy and reduce radiation-induced toxicity to normal surrounding tissues. Using pre-clinical orthotopic models of prostate cancer, studies on the combination of soy isoflavones with tumor irradiation demonstrate a synergistic anti-cancer effect between these two modalities and emphasize the potential and safety of dietary factors to improve conventional radiotherapy for a better control of tumor growth and metastasis. The goal of this review is to focus on the role of soy isoflavones as potent radiosensitizers for prostate cancer and other malignancies. We will discuss molecular pathways regulated by soy isoflavones that inhibit survival pathways activated by radiation and ultimately drive the cells to cell death both in vitro and in vivo in pre-clinical models.
Receptor Binding and Activation of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (1987)

The interaction of highly purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) was investigated. Binding of 125I-rTNF-alpha to PMN reached maximum levels in 30 min at 37 degrees C and in 2 h at 4 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of competitive binding data indicated approximately 6000 receptor sites per cell and a Kd of 1.37 nM. Binding data at 37 degrees C indicated a rapid internalization of rTNF-alpha. Following this receptor-mediated interaction, recombinant TNF-alpha was found to inhibit the migration of PMNs under agarose and to enhance PMN production of superoxide anion (O-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, rTNF-alpha-activated PMNs caused a marked disruption of human umbilical-vein-derived endothelial cell monolayers and caused inhibition of their proliferative activities. These data substantiate the role of TNF-alpha as an activator of PMN functions and indicate that PMN/TNF-alpha/endothelial cell interactions may play a major role in inflammatory reactions.
Long term imatinib treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2006)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life threatening condition characterised by progressive obliteration of the small pulmonary arteries leading to increased pulmonary arterial resistance and right heart failure. Treatment for PAH has developed in the last few years since the description of new pathways related to the disease.1 Recently, short term (6 months) use of imatinib, a platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor antagonist, in combination with maximal PAH treatment (prostacyclin derivative, endothelin receptor antagonist, and type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor) has been shown to improve the haemodynamics and functional capacity in a single case of severe PAH.2 We here report the first two cases of the long term (3 years or more) use of imatinib, as monotherapy or in combination with bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist. …
Antinociceptive Profiles of Crude Extract from Roots of Angelica gigas NAKAI in Various Pain Models (2003)

To characterize the antinociceptive profiles of Angelica gigas NAKAI (ANG; Korean angelica), methanol extract from the dried roots of ANG was made and mice were administered orally at the various doses (from 0.25 to 3 g/kg). ANG produced the increased latencies of the tail-flick and hot-plate paw-licking responses in a dose-dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, ANG dose-dependently decreased writhing numbers. Moreover, the cumulative response time of nociceptive behaviors induced by intraplantar formalin injection was reduced during both the 1st and the 2nd phases in a dose-dependent manner in ANG-treated mice. Furthermore, oral administration of ANG did not cause licking, scratching and biting responses induced by TNF-alpha (100 pg), IFN-gamma (100 pg) or IL-1beta (100 pg) injected intrathecally (i.t.), especially at higher dose (3 g/kg). Additionally, in ANG treated mice, the cumulative nociceptive response time for i.t. administration of substance P or capsaicin was dose-dependently diminished. Finally, nociceptive responses elicited by i.t. injection of glutamate (20 microg), N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (60 ng), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (13 ng) or kainic acid (12 ng) were decreased by oral administration of ANG. Our results suggest that ANG produces antinociception via acting on the central nervous system and shows antinociceptive profiles in various pain models, especially inflammatory pain.
Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles:  Sarcophagi, Gondolas, or Safety Deposit Boxes? (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECurrent Topics/Persp...Current Topics/PerspectivesNEXTVault Ribonucleoprotein Particles: Sarcophagi, Gondolas, or Safety Deposit Boxes?†Kathy A. SuprenantView Author Information Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045 Cite this: Biochemistry 2002, 41, 49, 14447–14454Publication Date (Web):October 23, 2002Publication History Received27 August 2002Revised25 September 2002Published online23 October 2002Published inissue 1 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi026747ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/bi026747ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cells,Chemical structure,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Transformation of Nonimmune Lymph Node Cells to State of Transplantation Immunity by RNA (1962)

From the Strauss Surgical Research Laboratories and the Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Elevation of serum Phase II enzymes by anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers: markers for a chemoprotected state? (1993)

Inducers of Phase II enzymes, already consumed by humans as food additives, medicines or as constituents of vegetables, can prevent experimental carcinogenesis. Since protection is neither carcinogen- nor organ-specific, clinical trials are already underway to establish the efficacy of 'anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers' (i.e. oltipraz). However, efficient and cost-effective assays to establish the dose wherein a putative anticarcinogen can raise Phase II enzyme levels are lacking. We tested the proposal that serum Phase II enzyme activities would be dependent on relative tissue levels by measuring quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in sera of mice treated with dietary 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) or dimethyl fumarate. Serum activities were significantly elevated in animals with increased tissue specific activities of these Phase II enzymes. Increasing concentrations of BHA in the diet from 0.05-0.5% increased hepatic specific activities of both QR and GST from two to six-fold, and increases in serum activities were well correlated to increases observed in the liver (r2 > or = 0.95). There was no evidence for an elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Thus, in the absence of serological evidence for hepatocellular damage, increased serum Phase II enzyme activities can be correlated to tissue levels. Our results suggest that similar assays tailored to human sera will not only be useful in the execution of chemoprevention trials, but also to assess the role that Phase II enzyme induction plays in the prevention of cancer by fruits and vegetables.
Effect of Suppressive DNA on CpG-Induced Immune Activation (2002)

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs stimulate a strong innate immune response. This stimulation can be abrogated by either removing the CpG DNA or adding inhibitory/suppressive motifs. Suppression is dominant over stimulation and is specific for CpG-induced immune responses (having no effect on LPS- or Con A-induced activation). Individual cells noncompetitively internalize both stimulatory and suppressive ODN. Studies using ODN composed of both stimulatory and suppressive motifs indicate that sequence recognition proceeds in a 5'-->3' direction, and that a 5' motif can block recognition of immediately 3' sequences. These findings contribute to our understanding of the immunomodulatory activity of DNA-based products and the rules that govern immune recognition of stimulatory and suppressive motifs.
Anesthesia can cause sustained hyperglycemia in C57/BL6J mice (2005)

Effects of anesthesia on the blood glucose of C57/BL6J mice were evaluated under conditions commonly used for testing retinal sensitivity with electroretinographic (ERG) recordings. We evaluated the effects of four anesthetics: nembutal (50 mg/kg), pentothal (100 mg/kg), avertin (240 mg/kg), and ketamine/xylazine (100 mg/kg) using saline as control. We measured blood glucose (BG) levels from tail vein blood before and 15 and 60 min following intraperitoneal injections. Fifteen minutes postinjection, all four anesthetics and saline elevated BG with ketamine/xylazine and avertin having substantially greater effects than nembutal, pentothal, and saline. Only the effects of ketamine/xylazine and avertin persisted throughout the test period. Sixty minutes after injecting ketamine/xylazine BG remained elevated at 400 +/- 42 mg/dl, a 167% increase over preinjection levels. Sixty minutes after injecting avertin BG was 288 +/- 10 mg/dl, a 59% increase over preinjection levels. No sustained elevation in BG was detected 60 min following injection of nembutal, pentothal, or saline. Because BG can affect the amplitude of the ERG, caution should be exercised in the use of ketamine/xylazine or avertin. The choice of anesthesia may also be important in diabetes and metabolism research where changes in blood glucose could impact physiological processes.
Deep convolutional filter banks for texture recognition and segmentation (2014)

Research in texture recognition often concentrates on the problem of material recognition in uncluttered conditions, an assumption rarely met by applications. In this work we conduct a first study of material and describable texture at- tributes recognition in clutter, using a new dataset derived from the OpenSurface texture repository. Motivated by the challenge posed by this problem, we propose a new texture descriptor, D-CNN, obtained by Fisher Vector pooling of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) filter bank. D-CNN substantially improves the state-of-the-art in texture, mate- rial and scene recognition. Our approach achieves 82.3% accuracy on Flickr material dataset and 81.1% accuracy on MIT indoor scenes, providing absolute gains of more than 10% over existing approaches. D-CNN easily trans- fers across domains without requiring feature adaptation as for methods that build on the fully-connected layers of CNNs. Furthermore, D-CNN can seamlessly incorporate multi-scale information and describe regions of arbitrary shapes and sizes. Our approach is particularly suited at lo- calizing stuff categories and obtains state-of-the-art re- sults on MSRC segmentation dataset, as well as promising results on recognizing materials and surface attributes in clutter on the OpenSurfaces dataset.
Bio-inspired solutions for locomotion in the gastrointestinal tract: background and perspectives (2003)

This paper illustrates a bio-inspired approach to effective, smooth and safe navigation in the human body and, in particular, in the gastrointestinal tract. This idea originates from the medical need to develop more powerful tools for microendoscopy, which is one of the most challenging frontiers of modern medicine. Understanding motion and perception systems of lower animal forms, such as parasites, worms, insects and snakes, can help to design and fabricate bio-inspired robots able to navigate in tortuous, slippery and difficult-to-access cavities of the human body. A preliminary study of a biomimetic adhesion system for the human tissues is presented in this work and some technological implementations are illustrated and discussed. Finally, some issues concerning the goals of smart and reactive locomotion are considered and the most promising and relevant enabling technologies are discussed.
Xenografts. (1989)

Increasing success in clinical organ transplantation has had the paradoxical effect of highlighting the problem of donor organ shortage. Even with improved procurement of human organs, there remains a shortage. This factor has provided a continuing stimulation for studies directed toward eventual use of non-human organs in man. Studies done a quarter-century ago showed that chimpanzee kidneys transplanted into patients functioned for as long as nine months. There are serious logistic and ethical problems surrounding the use of this species. We have studied cardiac transplantation in a lower primate model (monkey-baboon), and these studies provide encouragement in the field of xenotransplantation.
Population and molecular genetics of susceptibility to intracellular pathogens (1994)

Abstract In the mouse, innate resistance to infection with certain species of Mycobacteria, Salmonella typhimurium and Leishmania donovani is controlled by the expression of a single dominant chromosome 1 gene, designated Bcg. The major effect of the Beg locus is the modulation of the growth rate of these pathogens in cells of the reticuloendothelial tissues during early infection. Using a positional cloning approach, a novel gene designated Nramp has recently been identified as a candidate gene for Bcg. Comparison of linkage and physical maps of mouse, human, bovine and chicken chromosomes indicates that a large cluster of genes in the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 1 is conserved among a variety of species. This has opened up the possibilities of testing the candidacy of Nramp for host resistance and susceptibility to human tuberculosis and leprosy, chicken salmonellosis and cow brucellosis.
Development of Peptide Mimotopes of Lipooligosaccharide from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as Vaccine Candidates (2003)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract diseases in adults. So far there is no effective vaccine against NTHi. A major surface-exposed component of NTHi, lipooligosaccharide (LOS), is a virulence factor as well as a potential protective Ag. LOS is too toxic to be administered in humans. However, detoxified LOS is a T cell-independent small molecule and is poorly immunogenic in vivo, so we converted LOS into a nontoxic T cell-dependent Ag through the use of peptides that mimic the LOS by screening a phage-display peptide library with a rabbit Ab specific for NTHi LOS. Fifty-six phage clones were found to share LOS mimicry molecules. Among them, 22 clones were subjected to DNA sequencing, and four consensus sequences were identified as NMMRFTSQPPNN, NMMNYIMDPRTH, NMMKYISPPIFL, and NMMRFTELSTPS. Three of the four synthetic peptides showed strong binding reactivity to the rabbit anti-LOS Ab and also a mouse bactericidal monoclonal anti-LOS Ab in vitro, and elicited specific serum anti-LOS Abs in rabbits (27- to 81-fold) after conjugation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Passive immunization with the rabbit antisera resulted in a significantly enhanced pulmonary bacterial clearance in a mouse model. The enhanced bacterial clearance was eliminated if the rabbit serum was preabsorbed with NTHi LOS. These data indicate that the peptide mimotopes of LOS that we have identified might be potential components of peptide vaccines against NTHi.
Expression of estrogen receptor $beta; in prostate carcinoma cells inhibits invasion and proliferation and triggers apoptosis (2004)

The involvement of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in prostate carcinogenesis has been hypothesized. Several reports have shown that ERβ expression was decreased when prostate cells undergo neoplastic transformation, suggesting that it could play a tumor-suppressor role. By restoring ERβ expression in prostatic carcinoma cells by adenoviral delivery, we aimed to test this hypothesis. We observed that ERβ strongly inhibited the invasiveness and the growth of these cells. In addition, ERβ cells were undergoing apoptosis, as shown by quantification of Bax, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3 expression. Our data suggest that ERβ acts as a tumor-suppressor by its anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and pro-apoptotic properties.
Good quantum-convolutional error-correction codes and their decoding algorithm exist (1999)

A quantum-convolutional code was introduced recently as an alternative way to protect vital quantum information. To complete the analysis of the quantum-convolutional code, I report a way to decode certain quantum-convolutional codes based on the classical Viterbi decoding algorithm. This decoding algorithm is optimal for a memoryless channel. I also report three simple criteria to test if decoding errors in a quantum-convolutional code will terminate after a finite number of decoding steps whenever the Hilbert space dimension of each quantum register is a prime power. Finally, I show that certain quantum-convolutional codes are in fact stabilizer codes. And hence, these quantum stabilizer convolutional codes have fault-tolerant implementations.