gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens (2010)

The continued emergence and re-emergence of pathogens represent an ongoing, sometimes major, threat to populations. Hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) and their associated human diseases were considered to be confined to Eurasia, but the occurrence of an outbreak in 1993-94 in the southwestern United States led to a great increase in their study among virologists worldwide. Well over 40 hantaviral genotypes have been described, the large majority since 1993, and nearly half of them pathogenic for humans. Hantaviruses cause persistent infections in their reservoir hosts, and in the Americas, human disease is manifest as a cardiopulmonary compromise, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with case-fatality ratios, for the most common viral serotypes, between 30% and 40%. Habitat disturbance and larger-scale ecological disturbances, perhaps including climate change, are among the factors that may have increased the human caseload of HCPS between 1993 and the present. We consider here the features that influence the structure of host population dynamics that may lead to viral outbreaks, as well as the macromolecular determinants of hantaviruses that have been regarded as having potential contribution to pathogenicity.
Newer Systems for Bacterial Resistances to Toxic Heavy Metals (1994)

Simon Silver, Guangyong Ji, Newer Systems for Bacterial Resistances to Toxic Heavy Metals, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 3: Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity (Sep., 1994), pp. 107-113
Inorganic phosphate regulates the contraction‐relaxation cycle in skinned muscles of the rabbit mesenteric artery. (1986)

The effects were investigated of inorganic phosphate (Pi) on the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent contractions evoked in chemically skinned smooth muscles of the rabbit mesenteric artery. The relation between the concentration of Ca2+ and tension showed a sigmoidal curve in the range of pCa 7-5.5. Pi (over 1 mM) inhibited the Ca2+-induced contraction, shifted the pCa-tension curve to the right and increased the Hill number from 2 to 3. Calmodulin did not change the Hill number and attenuated the inhibitory action of Pi as estimated from the shift of the curve, but this agent did not modify the increased Hill number in the presence of Pi. Pi consistently inhibited the Ca2+-independent contractions provoked by application of trypsin-treated myosin light chain kinase, of MgATP following adenosine-5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S) and Ca2+, and of a solution containing high Mg2+. These inhibitory actions of Pi were inversely proportional to the amplitude of the contraction. When Pi was applied simultaneously with ATP gamma S and Ca2+, there was no change in the amplitude of Ca2+-independent contractions provoked by the application of MgATP. The amplitude of the rigor contraction evoked by ATP-free solution was less than 7% of that of the 10 microM-Ca2+-induced contraction. When ATP was removed from the solution during the Ca2+ contraction, the rigor contraction was also generated. Pi did not inhibit either type of contraction. With a decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ from 10 microM to below 1 nM, the tissue relaxed at a slower rate than the rate of rise of the Ca2+-induced contraction. The slow relaxation was not modified by a change in the concentration of EGTA or addition of 1 microM-calmodulin. Pi reduced, and high Mg2+ prolonged the time required for the relaxation. This action of Pi was not prevented in the presence of calmodulin or of high Mg2+. The rates of rise and fall of the Ca2+-induced contraction depended on the concentration of MgATP, and Pi consistently inhibited the Ca2+-induced contraction in the presence of any given concentration of MgATP. We conclude that Pi may accelerate the detachment of cross-bridges between the contractile proteins. Thus, the amplitude of Ca2+-induced contraction is slightly inhibited and the relaxation is markedly facilitated. However, the site of action of Pi may differ from that of MgATP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An unusual Fc receptor-related protein expressed in human centroblasts (2002)

Here, we report the identification of Fc receptor homolog expressed in B cells (FREB), a unique B cell-specific molecule that is distantly related to FcgammaRI (receptor I for the Fc fragment of IgG) and is encoded on human chromosome 1q, within the FcgammaR gene region. FREB has an intracellular distribution and lacks a canonical transmembrane domain. In addition, FREB lacks bona fide Fc fragment binding regions and does not bind immunoglobulins. By using specific monoclonal antibodies, we show that FREB is preferentially expressed in germinal center centroblasts, which undergo affinity maturation and class-switch recombination. Together, these characteristics indicate that FREB may have a unique role in B cell differentiation. FREB is also expressed in some B cell lymphomas, most of which have centroblast origin. Remarkably, FREB is expressed in a subset of diffuse large B cell lymphomas, providing a unique marker for the characterization of this B cell malignancy.
Mammalian HSP60 Is a Major Target for an Immunosuppressant Mizoribine (1999)

It has been reported that immunosuppressant cyclosporin A or FK506 binds to immunophilins in the cell and that these immunophilins make a complex with molecular chaperones HSP70 or HSP90. Although mizoribine has been used clinically as an immunosuppressant, immunophilins of the agent have not yet been fully understood. We investigated their specific binding proteins using mizoribine affinity column chromatography and porcine kidney cytosols. By increasing mizoribine in the eluant from the column, two major proteins (with molecular masses of 60 and 43 kDa) were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the amino acid sequence analysis of these proteins, 60- and 43-kDa mizoribine-binding proteins were identified with HSP60 and cytosolic actin, respectively. A considerable amount of actin was also eluted from the affinity column by nucleotides, but a very low quantity of HSP60 was eluted under the same conditions. On the other hand, HSP60 was eluted as a major protein in the eluant that was eluted preferentially, with nucleotide followed by mizoribine. Actin was also detected in the eluant, but the quantity of the protein was very low. These results indicated that HSP60 has high affinity to mizoribine, and the interaction was also observed on surface plasmon resonance analysis. Although HSP60 or GroE facilitated refolding of citrate synthase in vitro, mizoribine interfered with the chaperone activity of HSP60. On different types of mizoribine affinity columns, HSP60 or actin recognized the NH(2) group of mizoribine, and this group may be a functional group of the agent.
Infodemiology: tracking flu-related searches on the web for syndromic surveillance. (2006)

Systematically collecting and analyzing health information demand data from the Internet has considerable potential to be used for syndromic surveillance. Tracking web searches on the Internet has the potential to predict population-based events relevant for public health purposes, such as real outbreaks, but may also be confounded by "epidemics of fear". Data from such "infodemiology studies" should also include longitudinal data on health information supply.
Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine 93, aspartic acid 180, glutamic acid 205, histidine 290, and aspartic acid 291 at the active site and tryptophan 279 at the raw starch binding site in barley alpha-amylase 1. (1993)

The pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose has high affinity for the active site (Ki,app = 1 microM) and low affinity for a secondary site (Kd = 2.3 mM) in barley alpha-amylase 1, distinguished by inhibition kinetics and spectral perturbation. Mutants of putative catalytic residues, D180N, E205Q, and D291N, are inactive and display low affinity for acarbose-Sepharose. H93N and H290N mutants, at invariant residues, have kcat/Km for p-nitrophenylmaltoheptaoside of 0.3 and 1.2% of wild-type. A corresponding 370- and 85-fold increased Ki,app for acarbose and a lack of shifts in pH activity profiles indicate that these histidines participate in transition state stabilization but not directly in catalysis. This finding agrees with H bonding to OH groups of the valienamine ring of acarbose in the three-dimensional structure. Loss of inhibition above pH 6 supports that acarbose is most potent in protonated form. The low affinity site contains Trp278 and Trp279, known to bind cyclomaltoheptaose. While the W279A mutant has 10-fold decreased affinity for starch granules, production of Trp278 mutants failed. The invariant Trp278 is perhaps critical for stability or folding in cereal alpha-amylases.
Polarization independent wavelength conversion using fiber four-wave mixing with two orthogonal pump lights of different frequencies (1994)

This paper describes polarization independent wavelength conversion, utilizing fiber four-wave mixing. By using two orthogonal pump lights having different frequencies, the baseband signal of the wavelength converted light is insensitive to the polarization state of the original signal light. Experiments that include bit error measurements confirm the polarization independent operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic Alterations in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Adenoma-Like DALMs Are Similar to Non-Colitic Sporadic Adenomas (2000)

Recent molecular studies have shown that there are differences in the prevalence and timing of certain molecular events between chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC)-associated dysplastic lesions and non-CUC-related sporadic adenomas. However, little is known regarding the molecular features of a specific subtype of CUC-related dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM) that clinically, endoscopically, and pathologically resemble sporadic adenomas, and whether these lesions can be separated from non-CUC-related sporadic adenomas on the basis of their molecular genotype. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 3p, APC, and p16 in a specific group of CUC-associated "adenoma-like" DALMs and to compare the results of this tumor with those in a well-defined group of CUC-associated non-adenoma-like DALMs and non-CUC-associated sporadic adenomas. Polypectomy or resection specimens from 21 CUC patients with an adenoma-like DALM, 8 CUC patients with at least one nonadenoma-like DALM (12 lesions in total), and 23 non-CUC patients with a sporadic adenoma were evaluated for LOH of 3p, APC, and p16 by PCR analysis. The results were compared among the three different study groups and correlated with the clinical features of the patients and the pathology of their tumors. Chronic ulcerative colitis-associated adenoma-like DALMs showed LOH of 3p in five of 18 (28%) cases. This value was not significantly different from the 5% of non-CUC sporadic adenomas (p = 0.14) that were positive. However, 50% of CUC-associated non-adenoma-like DALMs were positive for LOH of 3p, and this value was significantly higher (p = 0.01) than the other groups. The frequency of LOH of APC did not differ significantly between the three patient groups (33%, 33%, and 43% in the three groups, respectively). Similar to the 3p results, CUC-associated adenoma-like DALMs and non-CUC-associated sporadic adenomas showed a similar low frequency of positivity for LOH of p16 (5% and 4%, respectively) in comparison to 56% of CUC-associated non-adenoma-like DALMs (p = 0.003). For all markers, no significant differences were detected in the CUC-associated adenoma-like DALM group between lesions that occurred within colitis compared with those that occurred in areas not involved by colitis. Chronic ulcerative colitis-associated non-adenoma-like DALMs have a different molecular genotype than CUC-related adenoma-like DALMs and non-CUC sporadic adenomas. Our data also suggests that the latter two groups of neoplasms may in fact represent a similar, if not identical, pathogenetic entity.
Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase (2007)

We review the progress in controlling quantum dynamical processes in the condensed phase with femtosecond laser pulses. Due to its high particle density the condensed phase has both high relevance and appeal for chemical synthesis. Thus, in recent years different methods have been developed to manipulate the dynamics of condensed-phase systems by changing one or multiple laser pulse parameters. Single-parameter control is often achieved by variation of the excitation pulse's wavelength, its linear chirp or its temporal subpulse separation in case of pulse sequences. Multiparameter control schemes are more flexible and provide a much larger parameter space for an optimal solution. This is realized in adaptive femtosecond quantum control, in which the optimal solution is iteratively obtained through the combination of an experimental feedback signal and an automated learning algorithm. Several experiments are presented that illustrate the different control concepts and highlight their broad applicability. These fascinating achievements show the continuous progress on the way towards the control of complex quantum reactions in the condensed phase.
Erythroid colony formation in cultures of mouse and human bone marrow: Analysis of the requirement for erythropoietin by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on agarose‐concanavalin A (1974)

Abstract Assay of red cell progenitors by colony formation in culture is expected to allow study of early events in erythroid differentiation in animal models and in man. In this communication, a simplification of the culture method for mouse bone marrow cells originally reported by Stephenson et al. ('71) is described. In the modified procedure, plasma clot is replaced by methyl cellulose, and scoring of erythroid colonies is done directly in the plates without staining. With additional modification the system proved applicable to the culture of erythroid colonies from human bone marrow as well. The development of both mouse and human erythroid colonies was dependent on “erythroid colony stimulating activity” (E‐CSA) supplied by extracts of anemic sheep plasma, or by extracts of urine from anemic patients. Over a certain range, the number of colonies was a function of dose of E‐CSA. In addition to E‐CSA, these extracts also possessed erythropoietin activity as measured in plethoric mice. The possible chemical equivalence of urinary E‐CSA and erythropoietin was suggested by their similar behavior on both gel filtration and affinity chromatography on agarose‐concanavalin A. The finding further suggests that the culture method might prove useful for the bioassay of erythropoietin. Granulocyte colony stimulating activity (G‐CSA) was also present in the urine extracts, as detected in cultures of mouse bone marrow. Virtually all of this activity was bound on agarose‐con A, whereas only a small fraction of E‐CSA was retained on this material. Agarose‐con A may thus be useful for the purification of erythropoietin.
Branched-chain sugar nucleosides. III. 3'-C-methyladenosine (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBranched-chain sugar nucleosides. III. 3'-C-methyladenosineRuth F. Nutt, Mary J. Dickinson, Frederick W. Holly, and Edward WaltonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 1789–1795Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ as a Molecular Target of Resveratrol-Induced Modulation of Polyamine Metabolism (2006)

Previous results indicate that the polyphenol resveratrol inhibits cell growth of colon carcinoma cells via modulation of polyamine metabolic key enzymes. The aim of this work was to specify the underlying molecular mechanisms and to identify a possible role of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Cell growth was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and crystal violet staining. Protein levels were examined by Western blot analysis. Spermine/spermidine acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity was determined by a radiochemical assay. PPARgamma ligand-dependent transcriptional activity was measured by a luciferase assay. A dominant-negative PPARgamma mutant was transfected in Caco-2 cells to suppress PPARgamma-mediated functions. Resveratrol inhibits cell growth of both Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.001). In contrast to Caco-2-wild type cells (P < 0.05), resveratrol failed to increase SSAT activity in dominant-negative PPARgamma cells. PPARgamma involvement was further confirmed via ligand-dependent activation (P < 0.01) as well as by induction of cytokeratin 20 (P < 0.001) after resveratrol treatment. Coincubation with SB203580 abolished SSAT activation significantly in Caco-2 (P < 0.05) and HCT-116 (P < 0.01) cells. The involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was further confirmed by a resveratrol-mediated phosphorylation of p38 protein in both cell lines. Resveratrol further increased the expression of PPARgamma coactivator PGC-1alpha (P < 0.05) as well as SIRT1 (P < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner after 24 hours of incubation. Based on our findings, p38 MAPK and transcription factor PPARgamma can be considered as molecular targets of resveratrol in the regulation of cell proliferation and SSAT activity, respectively, in a cell culture model of colon cancer.
Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996)

This document describes address allocation for private internets. This
document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet
Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Pinchmaps: textures with customizable discontinuities (2005)

We introduce a new texture representation that combines standard sampling, to be bilinearly interpolated in smoothly varying regions, with customizable discontinuities, to model sharp boundaries between these regions. The structure consists of a standard signal texture, plus a second texture we call pinchmap, which encodes discontinuities along generally curved lines; at rendering time the fragment processor efficiently decodes this structure with a single access to each texture. We also present a fully automatic way to compute a pinchmap and signal texture pair, starting from an original high resolution image. The final result on the screen is a comparable visual quality for a fraction of the texture storage and with a negligible impact on performance.
High-speed all-optical modulation using polycrystalline silicon microring resonators (2008)

We experimentally demonstrate on-chip active photonic devices fabricated from deposited polycrystalline silicon, which can be used for monolithic three-dimensional integration of optical networks. The demonstrated modulator is based on all-optical carrier injection in a micrometer-size resonator and has a modulation depth of 10dB and a temporal response of 135ps. Grain boundaries in the polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) material result in faster electron-hole recombination, enabling a shortened carrier lifetime and a faster optical switching time compared to similar devices based on crystalline silicon.
Effect of Corticosteroids on Cataract Formation (1980)

While the cataractogenic effects of corticosteroids are beyond dispute, disagreement exists concerning effects of total dose, intensity of dose, and duration of administration on cataract formation. We studied 106 adult male patients matched for age, race, and socioeconomic status. We compared posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract formation among those with (39) and without (67) a history of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Difference in incidence of PSC opacities among patients with and without a history of corticosteroid therapy was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between PSC opacities and total steroid dose, weekly dose (intensity), duration of dose, or age of patient. Our findings agree with some recent literature that suggests the most important factor in steroid-induced PSC cataract formation may be variability in individual susceptibility to side effects of corticosteroids. We suggest abandoning the concept of a "safe" dose.