gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, stability and anticonvulsant activity of two new GABA prodrugs. (1997)

4-(3,4-Dihydro-2,4-dioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-3-yl)-butyric acid (7) and its ester 6, two potential gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) prodrugs, were synthesized and studied to determine their stability in aqueous buffer and their susceptibility to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro (mouse plasma). Both compounds were fairly stable in aqueous media, (t1/2 = 68.2 h and 25.7 h, respectively). The 3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-2H-1,3-benzoxazine ring underwent enzymatic hydrolysis (t1/2 = 5.8 h) in compound 7, whereas in compound 6 it seemed not to be opened by mouse plasma esterases within the observation time (3h). Both compounds were tested for their anticonvulsant activity in pentetrazole (PTZ) treated mice, and showed significant activity. Compound 7, administered as sodium salt 8, was active at relatively low doses and can be considered a very interesting GABA prodrug.
Digital Microfluidic Method for Protein Extraction by Precipitation (2008)

We present the first microfluidic method for extracting proteins from heterogeneous fluids by precipitation. The new method comprises an automated protocol for precipitation of proteins onto surfaces, rinsing the precipitates to remove impurities, and resolubilization in buffer for further analysis. The method is compatible with proteins representing a range of different physicochemical properties, as well as with complex mixtures such as fetal bovine serum and cell lysate. In all cases, the quantitative performance (measured using a fluorescent assay for % recovery) was comparable to that of conventional techniques, which are manual and require more time. Thus, this work represents an important first step in efforts to develop fully automated microfluidic methods for proteomic analyses.
Kinetics of Acid-mediated Disassembly of the B Subunit Pentamer of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin (1995)

The B-subunit pentamer of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) is highly stable, maintaining its quaternary structure in a range of conditions that would normally be expected to cause protein denaturation. In this paper the structural stability of EtxB has been studied as a function of pH by electrophoretic, immunochemical, and spectroscopic techniques. Disassembly of the cyclic pentameric structure of human EtxB occurs only below pH 2. As determined by changes in intrinsic fluorescence this process follows first-order kinetics, with the rate constant for disassembly being proportional to the square of the H+ ion concentration, and with an activation energy of 155 kJ mol-1. A C-terminal deletion mutant, hEtxB214, similarly shows first-order kinetics for disassembly but with a higher pH threshold, resulting in disassembly being seen at pH 3.4 and below. These findings are consistent with the rate-limiting step for disassembly of human EtxB being the simultaneous disruption of two interfaces by protonation of two C-terminal carboxylates. By comparison, disassembly of the B-subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB), a protein which shows 80% sequence identity with EtxB, exhibits a much lower stability to acid conditions; with disassembly of CtxB occurring below pH 3.9, with an activation energy of 81 kJ mol-1. Reasons for the observed differences in acid stability are discussed, and the implications of these findings to the development of oral vaccines using EtxB and CtxB are considered.
Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet‐induced photodamage in human skin (2008)

This study confirms the protective role of a unique mixture of antioxidants containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation. Phloretin, in addition to being a potent antioxidant, may stabilize and increase the skin availability of topically applied vitamin C and ferulic acid. We propose that antioxidant mixture will complement and synergize with sunscreens in providing photoprotection for human skin.
Biomimetic Ion‐binding Monolayers on Gold and Their Characterization by AC‐Impedance Spectroscopy (1996)

Abstract Novel ion‐binding monolayers on gold surfaces are presented where the molecular design is based upon the natural ion binder ferrichrome. The new ion binders possess hydroxamate coordinating groups arranged in C 2 symmetry (bishydroxamate binder, BHB) or C 3 symmetry (trishydroxamate binder, THB), and a separate dialkyl sulfide moiety, which serves as an anchor to the gold substrate. The separation between the ion‐binding cavity and the attachment site to the gold allows each parameter to be controlled separately, namely, cavity size, its symmetry and external envelope, as well as the functional group used for immobilization. The monolayers were characterized with respect to ellipsometric thickness, wettability (advancing and receding contact angles (CAs) for water), and surface coverage; the latter is determined by metal underpotential deposition (UPD). It is shown that the introduction of hydrophobic side chains ( i ‐butyl) improves the CAs, thickness, and surface coverage of the monolayers. A detailed analysis of the alternating‐current (AC) impedance spectra is presented for THB monolayers on gold electrodes, where the impedance data are fitted to an equivalent circuit model. It is shown that the AC response in a wide frequency range can be used to probe ion binding and release in monolayer systems on electrodes.
Bluetooth: Operation and Use (2002)

From the Publisher:
Unlike most other references on the market, this next-generation resource goes well beyond Bluetooth specifications and thoroughly examines different implementation approachesas taught by a instructor. 

* Discusses Bluetooth in detail, covering both operational characteristics as well as its use in a wireless communications system 
* Addresses the coexistence of Bluetooth's with other wireless networks 
* Provides information on the significant security problems that exist when communicating without wires 
* Based on 2 very popular and highly effective courses the author has been teaching for more than a year

BLUETOOTH
Bringing low-cost, low-power wireless connectivity to data-driven devices, Bluetooth is revolutionizing human/technology interaction. Revenue generated by Bluetooth devices was $2 billion in 2001. Bluetooth revenue will skyrocket to $333 billion per year by 2006, according to international marketing, consulting, and training firm Frost & Sullivan.
WORKING BLUETOOTH
If you're the one who puts the bite into Bluetooth, this meaty guide is for you. In these pages, master Bluetooth instructor Dr. Robert Morrow lays out precise guidance on making Bluetooth work in today's and next-generation applications.
THE INSIDE TRACK FOR WIRELESS PROFESSIONALS
Packed with priceless experience, Bluetooth Implementation and Use cuts the time it takes you to
* Implement wireless cable for phones, other handhelds, and portables
* Build futuristic Bluetooth appsfor refrigerators that update PDA shopping lists, PDAs that survey local stores for the best prices, and as many others as you can dream up
* Examine operational characteristics in detail
* Solve security issues
* Get technical insights on Bluetooth's coexistence with other wireless devices
* Find the facts you want on packet structure, paging, host interfacing, and designing and testing the Bluetooth module
* Probe the math behind the specifications for further research
THE HANDS ON GUIDE TO BLUETOOTH
Anyone tackling a job involving Bluetooth needs this in-depth guide. It goes beyond introducing the technology and prepares you for hands-on involvement with uses today and applications to come.
Two novel rat liver membrane proteins that bind advanced glycosylation endproducts: relationship to macrophage receptor for glucose-modified proteins. (1991)

Advanced glycosylation endproducts (AGEs), the glucose-derived adducts that form nonenzymatically and accumulate on tissue proteins, are implicated in many chronic complications associated with diabetes and aging. We have previously described a monocyte/macrophage surface receptor system thought to coordinate AGE protein removal and tissue remodeling, and purified a corresponding 90-kD AGE-binding protein from the murine RAW 264.7 cell line. To identify AGE-binding proteins in normal animals, the tissue distribution of 125I-AGE rat serum albumin taken up from the blood was determined in rats in vivo. These uptake studies demonstrated that the liver was a major site of AGE protein sequestration. Using a solid-phase assay system involving the immobilization of solubilized membrane proteins onto nitrocellulose to monitor binding activity, and several purification steps including affinity chromatography over an AGE bovine serum albumin matrix, two rat liver membrane proteins were isolated that specifically bound AGEs, one migrating at 60 kD (p60) and the other at 90 kD (p90) on SDS-PAGE. NH2-terminal sequence analysis revealed no significant homology between these two proteins nor to any molecules available in sequence databases. Flow cytometric analyses using avian antibodies to purified rat p60 and p90 demonstrated that both proteins are present on rat monocytes and macrophages. Competition studies revealed no crossreactivity between the two antisera; anti-p60 and anti-p90 antisera prevented AGE-protein binding to rat macrophages when added alone or in combination. These results indicate that rat liver contains at least two novel and distinct proteins that recognize AGE-modified macromolecules, although p90 may be related to the previously described 90-kD AGE receptor isolated from RAW 264.7 cells. The constitutive expression of AGE-binding proteins on rat monocytes and macrophages, and the sequestration of circulating AGE-modified proteins by the liver, provides further evidence in support of a role for these molecules in the normal removal of proteins marked as senescent by accumulated glucose-derived covalent addition products, or AGEs.
Pure-mode network analyzer for on-wafer measurements of mixed-mode S-parameters of differential circuits (1997)

A practical measurement system is introduced for measurement of combined differential and common-mode (mixed-mode) scattering parameters, and its operation is discussed. A pure-mode system measures network parameters of a differential circuit in the fundamental modes of operation, and has improved accuracy over a traditional network analyzer for the measurement of such circuits. The system is suitable for on-wafer measurements of differential circuits. The transformation between standard S-parameters and mixed-mode S-parameters is developed. Example microwave differential structures are measured with the pure-mode vector-network analyzer (PMVNA), and the corrected data is presented. These structures are simulated, and the simulated mixed-mode S-parameters correlate well with the measured data.
Cross Cookie: A Cookie Protocol for Web Mashups (2008)

In this paper, HTTP cookies, especially when they are used in Web mashups, are studied. A new cookie protocol named Cross Cookie is proposed. In a Cross Cookie, both information of where the cookie is originated and where the cookie is used on client-side are described. From the global perspective, universal persistent state of a Web mashup can be efficiently managed with Cross Cookie. From the localized perspective, gadgets in a Web mashup can have their persistent state distinguished even if the gadgets come from the same domain. Cross Cookie enables fine grained control on third party cookies. The new protocol extends and is backward compatible with current cookie specification.
<title>Faraday effect sensors for magnetic field and electric current</title> (1994)

Recent research at NIST has greatly extended the capabilities of Faraday effect sensors for both magnetic field and electric current measurements. Current sensors using single-mode optical fiber show temperature stability near material limits, and are approaching commercial availability for application in the power industry. The Faraday effect in iron garnets shows great promise for measuring current at low levels and/or high speeds. Sensors with noise equivalent currents of about 200 nA/(root)Hz have been demonstrated. Magnetic field sensors using iron garnets and flux concentration, have led to sensors with noise equivalent magnetic fields in the range of 1 pT/(root)Hz.
Drug maker urges group to lobby FDA on testosterone for women (2004)

The major household products manufacturer Procter &amp; Gamble recently sought support from an international medical society, which it sponsors, asking the group to get involved in a regulatory hearing assessing the company's experimental testosterone patch.
Bone-Targeted Acid-Sensitive Doxorubicin Conjugate Micelles as Potential Osteosarcoma Therapeutics (2014)

Osteosarcoma is a malignancy of the bone that primarily affects adolescents. Current treatments retain mortality rates, which are higher than average cancer mortality rates for the adolescent age group. We designed a micellar delivery system with the aim to increase drug accumulation in the tumor and potentially reduce side effects associated with chemotherapy. The design features are the use of the hydrophilic D-aspartic acid octapeptide as both the effective targeting agent as well as the hydrophilic micelle corona. Micelle stabilization was accomplished by binding of model drug (doxorubicin) via an acid-sensitive hydrazone bond and incorporating one to four 11-aminoundecanoic acid (AUA) moieties to manipulate the hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio. Four micelle-forming unimers have been synthesized and their self-assembly into micelles was evaluated. Size of the micelles could be modified by changing the architecture of the unimers from linear to branched. The stability of the micelles increased with increasing content of AUA moieties. Adsorption of all micelles to hydroxyapatite occurred rapidly. Doxorubicin release occurred at pH 5.5, whereas no release was detected at pH 7.4. Cytotoxicity toward human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells correlated with drug release data.
Fusion of auditory and visual information for noisy speech enhancement: a preliminary study of vowel transitions (2002)

This paper deals with a noisy speech enhancement technique based on the fusion of auditory and visual information. We first present the global structure of the system, and then we focus on the tool we used to melt both sources of information. The whole noise reduction system is implemented in the context of vowel transitions corrupted with white noise. A complete evaluation of the system in this context is presented, including distance measures, Gaussian classification scores, and a perceptive test. The results are very promising.
Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of an engineered protein that combines the complement inhibitory properties of CD46, CD55 and CD59 (2015)

When delivered to mice in vivo via an AAV vector, SACT and DTAC are capable of limiting human complement mediated damage. SACT and DTAC merit further study as potential therapies for complement mediated disorders when delivered via a gene therapy approach.
Basophil sensitivity reflects long‐term clinical outcome of subcutaneous immunotherapy in grass pollen‐allergic patients (2020)

Decrease in basophil sensitivity after three weeks of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy predicted the clinical outcome of this treatment.
Data flow partitioning with clock period and latency constraints (1997)

We propose an efficient performance-driven two-way partitioning algorithm to take into account clock period and latency with retiming. We model the problem with a quadratic programming formulation to minimize the crossing edge count with nonlinear timing constraints. By using a Lagrangian Approach on Modular Partitioning (LAMP), we merge nonlinear constraints into the objective function. We then decompose the problem into primal and dual subprograms. The primal program is solved by a heuristic quadratic Boolean programming approach and the dual program is solved by a subgradient method using a cycle mean method. Experimental results on seven industrial circuits have demonstrated our algorithm is able to achieve an average of 23.25% clock period and latency reductions compared to the best results produced by 20 rum on each test case using a Fiduccia-Mattheyses algorithm. In terms of the average number of crossing edges, our results are only 1.85% more than those of the Fiduccia-Mattheyses algorithm without timing constraints. Compared with previous network flow based approach, our algorithm reduces the average crossing edge count by 14.59%. Furthermore, an average of 7.70% clock period and latency reductions are achieved,.
Gauge Factor and Stretchability of Silicon-on-Polymer Strain Gauges (2013)

Strain gauges are widely applied to measure mechanical deformation of structures and specimens. While metallic foil gauges usually have a gauge factor slightly over 2, single crystalline silicon demonstrates intrinsic gauge factors as high as 200. Although silicon is an intrinsically stiff and brittle material, flexible and even stretchable strain gauges have been achieved by integrating thin silicon strips on soft and deformable polymer substrates. To achieve a fundamental understanding of the large variance in gauge factor and stretchability of reported flexible/stretchable silicon-on-polymer strain gauges, finite element and analytically models are established to reveal the effects of the length of the silicon strip, and the thickness and modulus of the polymer substrate. Analytical results for two limiting cases, i.e., infinitely thick substrate and infinitely long strip, have found good agreement with FEM results. We have discovered that strains in silicon resistor can vary by orders of magnitude with different substrate materials whereas strip length or substrate thickness only affects the strain level mildly. While the average strain in silicon reflects the gauge factor, the maximum strain in silicon governs the stretchability of the system. The tradeoff between gauge factor and stretchability of silicon-on-polymer strain gauges has been proposed and discussed.
The Role of Neutrophil Elastase in Chronic Inflammation (1994)

Passively released or actively secreted elastase from neutrophils has been linked to the pathologic processes of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. The serine proteinase has a broad substrate specificity and may attack a number of host proteins outside of the neutrophil, including lung elastin and fibronectin. Such a proteolysis may change the normal surrounding tissue and the protein pattern of an inflammatory focus. Additionally, it acts as a potent secretagogue in minute amounts. The reason that neutrophil elastase is present in considerable concentrations outside of the neutrophil during chronic inflammation and that the major endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor for neutrophil elastase, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, is easily inactivated by proteolytic and oxidative attack is unclear. Released neutrophil elastase may also be involved in regulating chronic inflammation. In a feedback mechanism, neutrophil elastase inhibits neutrophil stimulation and concomitant elastase release by cleavage of immunoglobulins, complement components, and complement receptor type 1 on neutrophils. Besides a number of harmful effects of neutrophil elastase in inflammation, the latter mechanism, although considerably impairing phagocytosis, may be beneficial particularly in the light of persistent bacterial pathogens in the human lung affected by cystic fibrosis.
An expanded population of natural killer cells in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) lack rearrangement and expression of T cell receptor genes. (1986)

Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) exhibit an impairment in both T and B cell maturation, whereas myelopoiesis remains unaffected. We report here that spleens from SCID mice have undergone phenotypic expansion of cells bearing the NK-2 and asialo GM1 markers (70-80%) characteristic of NK cells and this expansion is accompanied by a 3-4-fold enrichment in NK cytolytic activity over their normal C.B-17 littermates. Furthermore, the NK cells from SCID mice do not rearrange or express T cell receptor alpha or beta genes, or a third T cell rearranging gene, gamma. These findings suggest that (a) T cell receptors are not necessary for NK-mediated cytolysis, and (b) either NK cells constitute an entirely distinct lineage or NK cell function is acquired in pre-T cells prior to the expression of T cell receptor genes.
PSMA Ligands for Radionuclide Imaging and Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Clinical Status (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men worldwide, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. At present, imaging of PCa has become increasingly important for staging, restaging, and treatment selection. Until recently, choline-based positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) represented the state-of-the-art radionuclide imaging technique for these purposes. However, its application is limited to patients with high PSA levels and Gleason scores. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising new target for specific imaging of PCa, because it is upregulated in the majority of PCa. Moreover, PSMA can serve as a target for therapeutic applications. Currently, several small-molecule PSMA ligands with excellent in vivo tumor targeting characteristics are being investigated for their potential in theranostic applications in PCa. Here, a review of the recent developments in PSMA-based diagnostic imaging and therapy in patients with PCa with radiolabeled PSMA ligands is provided.
Combined effects of spray-drying conditions and postdrying storage time and temperature on Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium survival when inoculated in liquid porcine plasma (2018)

Safety of raw materials from animal origin like spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) may be a concern for the swine industry. Spray-drying process and postdrying storage are good inactivation steps to reduce the bacterial load of Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium. For both Salmonella spp., spray-drying at 71°C or 80°C outlet temperatures reduced bacterial counts about 3 log at residence time (RT) 0 s, while there was about a 5.5 log reduction at RT 60 s. Storage of all dried samples at either 4.0 ± 3.0°C or 23.0 ± 0.3°C for 15 days was effective for eliminating detectable bacterial counts of both Salmonella spp.
Present Status of Chemotherapy for Tuberculosis (1989)

For the treatment of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, short-course chemotherapy of 6 months' duration (with the four-drug combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin given daily for a 2-month initial intensive phase followed by a 4-month daily continuation phase with isoniazid and rifampin) is as effective and as acceptable as the standard 9-month daily course of therapy (with isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol given for a 2-month initial intensive phase followed by a 7-month daily continuation phase with isoniazid and rifampin). The duration of short-course chemotherapy cannot be further reduced for smear-negative and culture-positive or smear-negative and culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis or for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Isoniazid has been demonstrated to be active as prophylactic therapy for tuberculosis at a daily dose of 300 mg (5-10 mg/kg in children) for 6-12 months. Prophylaxis of 2 months' duration with daily administration of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide may be as effective as prophylactic therapy with isoniazid of 12 months' duration.