gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First performance results of a new field‐widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer for geocoronal Hα research (2016)

Abstract A new, high‐resolution field‐widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer (FW‐SHS) designed to observe geocoronal Balmer α (H α , 6563 Å) emission was installed at Pine Bluff Observatory (PBO) near Madison, Wisconsin. FW‐SHS observations were compared with an already well‐characterized dual‐etalon Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (PBO FPI) optimized for H α , also at PBO. The FW‐SHS is a robust Fourier transform instrument that combines a large throughput advantage with high spectral resolution and a relatively long spectral baseline (~10 times that of the PBO FPI) in a compact, versatile instrument with no moving parts. Coincident H α observations by FW‐SHS and PBO FPI were obtained over similar integration times, resolving powers (~67,000 and 80,000 at H α ) and fields of view (1.8° and 1.4°, respectively). First light FW‐SHS observations of H α intensity and temperature (Doppler width) versus viewing geometry (shadow altitude) show excellent relative agreement with the geocoronal observations previously obtained at PBO by FPI. The FW‐SHS has a 640 km/s (14 Å) spectral band pass and is capable of determining geocoronal H α Doppler shifts on the order of 100 m/s with a temporal resolution on the order of minutes. These characteristics make the FW‐SHS well suited for spectroscopic studies of relatively faint (~12–2 R), diffuse‐source geocoronal H α emission from Earth's upper thermosphere and exosphere and the interstellar medium in our Galaxy. Current and future FW‐SHS observations extend long‐term geocoronal hydrogen observation data sets already spanning three solar minima. This paper describes the FW‐SHS first light performance and H α observational results collected from observing nights across 2013 and 2014.
Second-harmonic generation of green light in periodically poled planar lithium niobate waveguide (1989)

A periodically poled, planar waveguide in lithium niobate was used to generate 532 nm radiation at room temperature by continuous-wave frequency-doubling with a conversion efficiency of 5% per Wcm2. Quasi-phase-matching allowed generation of the second harmonic using the d33 nonlinear coefficient.
Pilot Study of the Mechanism of Action of Preoperative Trastuzumab in Patients with Primary Operable Breast Tumors Overexpressing HER2 (2004)

The results of this pilot study argue against trastuzumab activity in patients through down-modulation of HER2 but in favor of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity guiding efforts to optimize the use of trastuzumab in breast cancer patients.
Formation of IgE-binding factors by human T-cell hybridomas. (1984)

Normal human T cells that proliferated in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) formed IgE-binding factors when incubated with human IgE. These cells were then fused with a mutant of the human T-cell line CEM. Incubation of five hybridomas with human IgE or culture of the cells in IgE-coated wells resulted in the formation of IgE-binding factors. One hour of incubation with 10 micrograms of human IgE per ml was sufficient to induce the hybridomas to form IgE-binding factors. Polymerized IgE was much more efficient than monomeric IgE for the induction of the factor formation. As little as 10 ng of IgE dimer per ml was sufficient to induce factor formation. The IgE-binding factors produced by the hybridomas bound to human IgE-coated Sepharose and were recovered from the beads by elution at acid pH. The factors had low affinity for rat IgE but failed to bind to human IgG. The IgE-binding factors formed by four hybridomas had a Mr between 25,000 and 30,000, whereas one hybridoma formed IgE-binding factors of Mr 30,000 and Mr 15,000. The IgE-binding formed by all of the hybridomas had affinity for concanavalin A, indicating that the factors are glycoproteins.
Highly Diastereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirocyclic Oxindoles through Intramolecular Ullmann Coupling and Claisen Rearrangement (2006)

An efficient and convenient approach to the synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles from iodoindoles involves a sequential intramolecular CO Ullmann coupling reaction and Claisen rearrangement (see scheme). The one-pot procedure affords 3-spiro-2-oxindoles in good yield with excellent diastereoselectivities.
NO Dismutase Activity of Seven‐Coordinate Manganese(II) Pentaazamacrocyclic Complexes (2008)

Redox selectivity? Seven-coordinate manganese(II) pentaazamacrocyclic complexes stimulate NO disproportionation by a novel dismutation mechanism based on the formation of labile metal–nitrosyl adducts and which is associated with the MnII/MnIII redox cycle. The metal-bound NO in these aducts has the character and reactivity of NO− and NO+ species. Ex vivo studies suggest that superoxide dismutase mimics of this kind could interfere with NO-mediated processes in biological milieu.
Scalable Computing: Why and How (2010)

The HyperTransport Consortium has intensively stimulated discussions among its high-level members in order to overcome those shortcomings. The result is the High Node Count HyperTransport Specification, which defines protocol extensions to the HyperTransport I/O Link Specification Rev. 3.10 that enable HyperTransport to natively support high numbers of computing nodes, typical of large scale server clustering and High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. This extension has been carefully designed in such a way that it extends the maximum number of connected devices to a number large enough to support current and future scalability requirements, while preserving the excellent features that made HyperTransport successful and keeping full backward compatibility with it.
Dexamethasone down-regulates the expression of endothelin receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. (1992)

Steroid hormones have been shown to modulate a number of physiological processes in addition to their potent antiinflammatory effects. Endothelin (ET) is a newly discovered vasoconstrictor that is synthesized and released by endothelial cells and acts on adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells by interacting with specific cell surface receptors. Proinflammatory agents such as thrombin and transforming growth factor beta have been shown to up-regulate ET gene expression in vascular endothelial cells. We wondered whether the anti-inflammatory steroids might have any regulatory effect on the ET receptors present in the vascular smooth muscle cells. Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (A-10 cell line, ATCC.CRL 1476) were used as a model system to study the effects of glucocorticoids on ET receptor expression and function. These cells display high density and high affinity ET receptors that belong to the ETA subtype. Pretreatment of these cells with dexamethasone reduced the number of ET receptors by 50-60% without changing the affinity. Of the steroids tested, dexamethasone was most effective followed by prednisolone and hydrocortisone. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, was 5000-fold less potent than dexamethasone. This effect of dexamethasone was dependent on the time of pretreatment and concentration of the steroid used. This down-regulation of ET receptors was also accompanied by an attenuated response to ET-1 in dexamethasone-pretreated cells. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was selective for ET receptors because the vasopressin-mediated response was unaffected. In addition, dexamethasone pretreatment of these cells resulted in 50-60% reduction in the steady-state level of ETA receptor mRNA as revealed by Northern analysis. These results suggest that glucocorticoid pretreatment of smooth muscle cells resulted in the down-regulation of the ETA receptor at the mRNA level.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Trisubstituted Olefins by Cross Metathesis (2002)

Trisubstituted alkenes have been prepared via intermolecular olefin cross-metathesis (CM) between α-olefins and symmetrically 1,1-disubstituted olefins using an imidazolylidene ruthenium benzylidene complex. Of particular interest is the synthesis of isoprenoid/prenyl groups by a simple solvent-free CM reaction with isobutylene. In addition, prenyl groups can also be installed by a cross-metathesis of 2-methyl-2-butene with a variety of α-olefins at room temperature with low catalyst loadings.
The dansyl chloride technique for stratum corneum renewal as an indicator of changes in epidermal mitotic activity following topical treatment (1988)

Using a hypomitotic agent, triamcinolone acetonide, and a hypermitotic agent, retinyl propionate, we investigated the relationship between epidermal mitotic activity and stratum corneum renewal time of topically treated skin as determined by the dansyl chloride staining technique. Treatment with the base cream resulted in a reduction in renewal time compared with an untreated control site. The predicted increase in renewal time with the hypomitotic agent and reduction with the hypermitotic agent was only observed when daily treatment was commenced 2 weeks prior to and continued after dansyl chloride staining and not when treatment was started after staining. These results indicate that in order to use cell renewal methods to demonstrate changes in mitotic activity brought about by topical treatments, it is necessary to pre-treat the skin with the test material to establish full epidermal equilibrium at the changed mitotic state before labelling with dansyl chloride. Meaningful claims for effects on cell renewal of specific cosmetic ingredients should only be made after comparison with a base cream treated site, both having been allowed to equilibrate, rather than on the basis of comparison with untreated skin.
“Zipper” Molecular Beacons: A Generalized Strategy to Optimize the Performance of Activatable Protease Probes (2009)

We report the proof-of-principle concept for zipper molecular beacons (ZMB) comprising an asymmetrical polyarginine/polyglutamate electrostatic "zipper" hairpin-linked fluorophore-quencher pair. The objective is to balance maximal quenching efficiency and optimal two-step activation (protease cleavage/zipper dissociation), while enhancing target cell uptake. This strategy also eliminates the peptide sequence dependence of conventional protease beacons. This ZMB concept is a generalizable approach to improve the functionality of a wide range of diagnostic/therapeutic probes through a simple switching of substrate sequences.
Eradication of melanomas by targeted elimination of a minor subset of tumor cells (2011)

Proceeding on the assumption that all cancer cells have equal malignant capacities, current regimens in cancer therapy attempt to eradicate all malignant cells of a tumor lesion. Using in vivo targeting of tumor cell subsets, we demonstrate that selective elimination of a definite, minor tumor cell subpopulation is particularly effective in eradicating established melanoma lesions irrespective of the bulk of cancer cells. Tumor cell subsets were specifically eliminated in a tumor lesion by adoptive transfer of engineered cytotoxic T cells redirected in an antigen-restricted manner via a chimeric antigen receptor. Targeted elimination of less than 2% of the tumor cells that coexpress high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) (melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, MCSP) and CD20 lastingly eradicated melanoma lesions, whereas targeting of any random 10% tumor cell subset was not effective. Our data challenge the biological therapy and current drug development paradigms in the treatment of cancer.
Internet Chinese information retrieval using unconstrained Mandarin speech queries based on a client-server architecture and a PAT-tree-based language model (2002)

In order to pursue high performance of Chinese information access on the Internet, this paper presents an attractive approach with a successful integration of efficient speech recognition and information retrieval techniques. A working system based on the proposed approach for speech retrieval of real-time Chinese netnews services has been implemented and tested. Very exciting performance has been achieved.
Can telepharmacy provide pharmacy services in the bush? (2003)

Rural and remote community pharmacies service large areas of rural Queensland, and because of the distances involved often do not meet the patients for whom they provide medication. Telepharmacy would improve the quality of pharmaceutical services provided in rural and remote areas, by allowing community pharmacists to have realtime contact with dispensing doctors, aboriginal health workers and patients via a video-phone. We used commercial (analogue) videophones to connect community pharmacists to dispensing doctors, patients in depot pharmacies (i.e. those with no pharmacist) and aboriginal health workers. However, various problems occurred and only 10 video-phone interactions were recorded during the six-month project. In all of the recorded interactions, the video-phone was actually used as a conventional telephone because a video-connection could not be established at the time of the call. (This may have been due to telephone network problems in the rural areas.) Despite these problems, all project participants showed great enthusiasm for the potential benefits of such a service.
Immunotransplant for mantle cell lymphoma: Phase I/II study preliminary results. (2011)

2509 Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor long-term prognosis. Though autologous transplant prolongs survival, novel therapies are needed to target the residual, myeloablation-resistant tumor cells that cause relapse. CpG-based vaccination can induce both anti-tumor T cells and clinical responses in low grade lymphoma patients [Brody J et al, JCO 2010]. Thus, we developed an immunotransplant maneuver combining: 1) CpG-based vaccination, 2) harvest of T cells, and 3) myeloablation followed by reinfusion of the vaccine-primed T cells. The anti-tumor T cells proliferate selectively, curing established lymphoma in a murine model [Brody J et al, Blood 2009]. Methods: Based on the preclinical model, we initiated a phase I/II study of immunotransplant for patients with newly diagnosed MCL. The primary endpoint is measurement of anti-tumor T cells at each phase of the maneuver. Anti-tumor T cells are defined as those which produce effector molecules (e.g. IFNγ, TNF, IL2, CD137, perforin and granzyme) upon co-culture with autologous tumor. A secondary endpoint is measurement of molecular residual disease (MRD) by ASO qPCR; the study is powered to detect a 50% improvement in sustained molecular remission rate compared to standard transplant [Pott C et al, Blood 2010, Geisler C et al, Blood 2008]. Results: We have enrolled 21 patients in the first 18 months. To date, 13 patients have completed the immunotransplant protocol, demonstrating feasibility and safety. All treated patients remain in clinical remission and 83% have shown amplification of anti-tumor T cells post-immunotransplant. Notably, we observe differing patterns of anti-tumor T cells amongst these patients, some having CD8 T cell responses, some with CD4 responses, and some with a combination. Conclusions: Immunotransplant amplifies anti-tumor T cells in a preclinical model and correlates with cure of myeloablation-resistant disease. The reiteration of such anti-tumor T cell amplification in our clinical trial raises the possibility that immunotransplant may improve clinical outcomes. MRD testing should indicate which T cell response patterns correlate with clinical benefit and whether the cohort has a better-than-expected molecular remission rate.
Structural and functional insights provided by crystal structures of DNA polymerases and their substrate complexes (1998)

New levels in the understanding of DNA replication have been achieved from recent crystal structure determinations of several DNA polymerases and their substrate complexes. The structure of an alpha family DNA polymerase from bacteriophage RB69 shows some similarities, but also considerable differences in structure and organization from the pol I family DNA polymerases. Also, the functions of three polymerase domains and their conserved residues have been clarified by studying structures of pol I family DNA polymerases complexed to their substrates. These structures also confirm that an identical two-metal ion catalytic mechanism proposed previously is used by both the nonhomologous pol I and pol beta family DNA polymerases.
Anchor profiles of HLA‐specific peptides: Analysis by a novel affinity scoring method and experimental validation (2004)

The study of intermolecular interactions is a fundamental research subject in biology. Here we report on the development of a quantitative structure-based affinity scoring method for peptide-protein complexes, named PepScope. The method operates on the basis of a highly specific force field function (CHARMM) that is applied to all-atom structural representations of peptide-receptor complexes. Peptide side-chain contributions to total affinity are scored after detailed rotameric sampling followed by controlled energy refinement. A de novo approach to estimate dehydration energies was developed, based on the simulation of individual amino acids in a solvent box filled with explicit water molecules. Transferability of the method was demonstrated by its application to the hydrophobic HLA-A2 and -A24 receptors, the polar HLA-A1, and the sterically ruled HLA-B7 receptor. A combined theoretical and experimental study on 39 anchor substitutions in FxSKQYMTx/HLA-A2 and -A24 complexes indicated a prediction accuracy of about two thirds of a log-unit in Kd. Analysis of free energy contributions identified a great role of desolvation and conformational strain effects in establishing a given specificity profile. Interestingly, the method rightly predicted that most anchor profiles are less specific than so far assumed. This suggests that many potential T-cell epitopes could be missed with current prediction methods. The results presented in this work may therefore significantly affect T-cell epitope discovery programs applied in the field of peptide vaccine development.
Comparison of high voltage devices for power integrated circuits (1984)

A variety of lateral high voltage devices has been investigated for applications in power ICs, including RESURFed LDMOS transistors, merged bipolar-MOS transistors (LBMOS) and insulated gate rectifiers (LIGR). The devices are described and compared on the basis of current handling capability and switching speed. It is shown that for low load currents, the LDMOS exhibits superior performance, while for high load currents, the LIGR is advantageous, and the LBMOS shows only marginal improvement over the LDMOS at current gain of 5. In terms of switching, the LBMOS switches in 1-3 µsec, the LIGR in 3-10 µsec, and the LDMOS in tens of nsec. depending on the bias condition. The role of the substrate in lateral devices is also discussed.
Interleukin 2 signaling involves the phosphorylation of Stat proteins. (1995)

One of the most important cytokines involved in immune response regulation is interleukin 2 (IL-2), a potent activator of the proliferation and function of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The mechanisms by which the effects of IL-2 are propagated within cells are not understood. While the binding of IL-2 to its receptor was recently shown to lead to the activation of two kinases, Jak-1 and Jak-3, subsequent steps in the signaling pathway to the nucleus that lead to the activation of specific genes had not been characterized. Since many cytokines that activate Jak kinases also lead to the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of members of the Stat family of transcription factors, the ability of IL-2 to trigger Stat phosphorylation was examined. Exposure of activated human T lymphocytes or of a natural killer cell line (NKL) to IL-2 leads to the phosphorylation of Stat1 alpha, Stat1 beta, and Stat3, as well as of two Stat-related proteins, p94 and p95. p94 and p95 share homology with Stat1 at the phosphorylation site and in the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, but otherwise are immunologically distinct from Stat1. These Stat proteins were found to translocate to the nucleus and to bind to a specific DNA sequence. These findings suggest a mechanism by which IL-2 binding to its receptor may activate specific genes involved in immune cell function.
Barkhausen noise in thin-film recording heads (1990)

Barkhausen noise in thin-film heads was studied by exciting the heads with an external magnetic field and with a head-coil-generated field. Observed pulses show an exponential growth and decay, resulting in a second-order wall energy versus displacement model. Analytical expressions are given for the observed pulse shapes. Most pulses are essentially associated with unstable regions around attractive interaction sites where a wall in equilibrium cannot exist. A method is presented which can detect in which pole piece (P/sub 1/ or P/sub 2/) a wall jump occurs. It also differentiates wall jumps located close to the pole faces from those occurring deeper in the yoke.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multifactorial resistance to adriamycin: relationship of DNA repair, glutathione transferase activity, drug efflux, and P-glycoprotein in cloned cell lines of adriamycin-sensitive and -resistant P388 leukemia. (1988)

Cloned lines of Adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and -resistant P388 leukemia have been established, including P388/ADR/3 and P388/ADR/7 that are 5- and 10-fold more resistant than the cloned sensitive cell line P388/4 (Cancer Res., 46: 2978, 1986). A time course of ADR-induced DNA double-strand breaks revealed that in sensitive P388/4 cells, evidence of DNA repair was noted 4 h after removal of drug, whereas in resistant clone 3 and 7 cells repair was observed 1 h after drug removal. The earlier onset of DNA repair was statistically significant (p = 0.0154 for clone 3 cells, and p = 0.0009 for clone 7 cells). By contrast, once the repair process was initiated, the rate of repair was similar for all three cell lines. The level of glutathione transferase activity was determined in whole cell extracts. Enzyme activity (mean +/- SE) in sensitive cells was 9.49 +/- 1.00 nmol/min/mg protein, that in resistant clone 3 cells was 13.36 +/- 1.03 nmol/min/mg, and that in clone 7 cells was 13.96 +/- 1.44 nmol/min/mg; the 1.44-fold increase in enzyme activity in resistant cells was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Further evidence of induction of glutathione transferase was provided by Northern blot analysis using a 32P-labeled cDNA for an anionic glutathione transferase, which demonstrated approximately a twofold increase in mRNA in resistant clone 7 cells. Western blot analysis with a polyvalent antibody against anionic glutathione transferase also revealed a proportionate increase in gene product in resistant cells. Dose-survival studies showed that ADR-resistant cells were cross-resistant to actinomycin D, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, colchicine, and etoposide, but not to the alkylating agent melphalan; this finding provided evidence that these cells are multidrug resistant. Using a cDNA probe for P-glycoprotein, a phenotypic marker for multidrug resistance, Northern blot analysis showed an increase in the steady state level of mRNA of approximately twofold in resistant clone 3 and 7 cells. Southern analysis with the same cDNA probe showed no evidence of gene amplification or rearrangement. Western blot analysis with monoclonal C219 antibody demonstrated a distinct increase in P-glycoprotein in resistant cells. Efflux of Adriamycin as measured by the efflux rate constant was identical in all three cell lines. Furthermore, the metabolic inhibitors azide and dinitrophenol did not augment drug uptake in either sensitive or resistant cells. These findings suggest that despite the increase in P-glycoprotein, an active extrusion pump was not operational in these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)