gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Suppression of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction for Zinc/Air Fuel Cell (2007)

We studied the electrochemical behavior of a zinc oxide anode in the presence of succinic acid as an organic additive. This additive was added to the electrolyte, which is 8.5 M KOH solution containing 25g of ZnO and 3000 ppm of polyethylene glycol in 1 liter of water. The modified electrolyte was newly attempted to improve the main problems namely the hydrogen overpotential and dendrite formation during cycling in Zn/Air energy system. The results obtained in the presence of succinic acid were compared with the behavior of the electrolyte 8.5 M KOH in the absence of the additive. It has been concluded that the hydrogen overpotential is raised enormously, shifting to the more negative potential side as -4.19 V vs. Hg/HgO while zinc oxide electrode was at -1.399 V. Similarly, we found that dendrite formation on the surface of zinc oxide anode is reduced to some extent by scanning electron micrographs.
Molecular Genetics of Bacteria (1998)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Opto-RAM: A device for high bit rate packet switching (1999)

Modern telecommunications systems are placing an ever-increasing demand on switches to operate in large bandwidth networks. One such telecommunications standard is asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), where the data is switched in 48 byte packets. Switching these packets is the most difficult scenario in telecommunications. Recently we have demonstrated an ATM switch with a throughput of 0.4Gbit/sec based on a spatial light modulator known as Opto-RAM. The opto-RAM device allows appears as fast RAM memory to the electronic system yet allows optical reading of the data via liquid crystal pixels. The opto-RAM was used as the input device to display 24 ATM packets into an ATM switch.
Ras transformation uncouples the kinesin-coordinated cellular nutrient response (2014)

The kinesin family members (KIFs) KIF2A and KIF2C depolymerize microtubules, unlike the majority of other kinesins, which transport cargo along microtubules. KIF2A regulates the localization of lysosomes in the cytoplasm, which assists in activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on the lysosomal surface. We find that the closely related kinesin KIF2C also influences lysosomal organization in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Expression of KIF2C and, to a lesser extent, KIF2A in untransformed and mutant K-Ras-transformed cells is regulated by ERK1/2. Prolonged inhibition of ERK1/2 activation with PD0325901 mimics nutrient deprivation by disrupting lysosome organization and decreasing mTORC1 activity in HBEC, suggesting a long-term mechanism for optimization of mTORC1 activity by ERK1/2. We tested the hypothesis that up-regulation of KIF2C and KIF2A by ERK1/2 caused aberrant lysosomal positioning and mTORC1 activity in a mutant K-Ras-dependent cancer and cancer model. In Ras-transformed cells, however, mTORC1 activity and lysosome organization appear independent of ERK1/2 and these kinesins although ERK1/2 activity and the kinesins are required for Ras-dependent proliferation and migration. We conclude that mutant K-Ras repurposes these signaling and regulatory proteins to support the transformed phenotype.
Characterization of the reversible taxol-induced polymerization of plant tubulin into microtubules (1993)

Taxol has been reported to induce the polymerization of plant tubulin into microtubules, albeit weakly when compared to that of mammalian tubulin [Morejohn, L.C., & Fosket, D.E. (1984) J. Cell Biol. 99, 141-147], suggesting that taxol, a product of plant secondary metabolism, may interact poorly with plant microtubules. To test this idea in detail, we have investigated critical parameters affecting taxol-dependent microtubule polymerization and stability using tubulins from model cell lines of maize [Zea mays cv. Black Mexican Sweet (BMS)] and tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2)]. When plant tubulin dimer is isolated by using a modified version of the original method [Morejohn, L.C., & Fosket, D.E. (1982) Nature 297, 426-428], most of the tubulin polymerizes at 25 degrees C, with critical dimer concentrations (Cc) of 0.06 mg/mL for BMS tubulin and 0.13 mg/mL for BY-2 tubulin. When taxol-induced assembly is initiated with a 0-25 degrees C temperature jump, 42% of polymer is polymorphic, presumably due to aberrant nucleation events. Taxol-induced assembly at 2 degrees C minimizes the formation of polymorphic structures and is much more rapid than that of purified bovine brain tubulin, indicating a functional difference in the polymerization domains of these diverse tubulins. Temperature ramping during taxol-induced polymerization affords > or = 95% assembly of plant tubulin into polymer consisting of 86% microtubules, which may be completely depolymerized by a combined treatment with low temperature and Ca2+. We report for the first time that plant tubulin may be subjected to numerous cycles of efficient taxol-induced polymerization and cold/Ca(2+)-induced depolymerization with little loss of polymerization competence. Gel filtration chromatography at low temperature may be used to separate taxol from soluble plant tubulin dimer, which retains its characteristic polymerization and herbicide-binding properties. Our results demonstrate that despite its origin from plants, taxol is a potent drug for the reversible polymerization of plant microtubules.
Molecular Characterization of Glioblastoma Cell Differentiation (1997)

The butyrate-induced responses of the U138B cell line provide a convenient model system for studying the molecular events accompanying the differentiation of glioblastoma cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry is a useful technique for characterizing such differentiation.
Apoptosis (1997)

Cummings, Margaret C. M.B., B.S.; Winterford, Clay M.; Walker, Neal I. M.D. Author Information
Epidemiology of Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burn Patients: The Role of Hydrotherapy (1992)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a cause of serious wound infection and mortality in burn patients. By means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and a DNA probe for the pilin gene of Pseudomonas, a lethal strain of nosocomial P. aeruginosa was identified as the cause of an outbreak of wound infections among burn patients. Environmental surveys suggested an association of the outbreak with hydrotherapy provided to many patients in a common facility. In a trial of burn wound care without hydrotherapy, overall mortality was reduced significantly, mortality associated with pseudomonas sepsis was eliminated, and the strain of P. aeruginosa associated with earlier mortality was eradicated. Moreover, fewer nosocomial pseudomonas infections, lower levels of pseudomonas resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, significantly fewer pseudomonas infections of skin graft donor sites, and later appearance of Pseodomonas species in burn patients were found during the period when hydrotherapy was not used.
The complete coding sequence of the human raf oncogene and the corresponding structure of the c-raf-1 gene (1986)

The complete 648 amino acid sequence of the human raf oncogene was deduced from the 2977 nucleotide sequence of a fetal liver cDNA. The cDNA has been used to obtain clones which extend the human c-raf-1 locus by an additional 18.9 kb at the 5' end and contain all the remaining coding exons.
BCR-ABL1 compound mutations in tyrosine kinase inhibitor–resistant CML: frequency and clonal relationships (2012)

BCR-ABL1 compound mutations can confer high-level resistance to imatinib and other ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The third-generation ABL1 TKI ponatinib is effective against BCR-ABL1 point mutants individually, but remains vulnerable to certain BCR-ABL1 compound mutants. To determine the frequency of compound mutations among chronic myeloid leukemia patients on ABL1 TKI therapy, in the present study, we examined a collection of patient samples (N = 47) with clear evidence of 2 BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations by direct sequencing. Using a cloning and sequencing method, we found that 70% (33/47) of double mutations detected by direct sequencing were compound mutations. Sequential, branching, and parallel routes to compound mutations were common. In addition, our approach revealed individual and compound mutations not detectable by direct sequencing. The frequency of clones harboring compound mutations with more than 2 missense mutations was low (10%), whereas the likelihood of silent mutations increased disproportionately with the total number of mutations per clone, suggesting a limited tolerance for BCR-ABL1 kinase domain missense mutations. We conclude that compound mutations are common in patients with sequencing evidence for 2 BCR-ABL1 mutations and frequently reflect a highly complex clonal network, the evolution of which may be limited by the negative impact of missense mutations on kinase function.
Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins in atherothrombosis. (1998)

Oxidative modification of LDL may occur via mechanisms, which are either dependent or independent of lipid peroxidation. Peroxidation of lipids in LDL, either initiated by radicals or catalysed by myeloperoxidase, results in the generation of aldehydes which substitute lysine residues in the apolipoprotein B-100 moiety and thus in the generation of oxidised LDL. Phospholipase activity, prostaglandin synthesis and platelet adhesion/activation are associated with the release of aldehydes which induce oxidative modifications of LDL in the absence of lipid peroxidation and thus in the generation of malondialdehyde-modified LDL. Recently, we have demonstrated an association between coronary artery disease and increased plasma levels of oxidised LDL. The increase of circulating oxidised LDL is most probably due to backdiffusion of oxidised LDL from the atherosclerotic arterial wall in the blood and is independent of plaque instability. Indeed, plasma levels of oxidised LDL were very similar in patients with stable coronary artery disease and in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Acute coronary syndromes were, however, associated with increased release of malondialdehyde-modified LDL that was independent of necrosis of myocardial cells. Indeed, plasma levels of malondialdehyde-modified LDL were very similar in patients with unstable angina and patients with acute myocardial infarction, in contrast with levels of troponin I which were significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction patients. These data suggest that oxidised LDL is rather a marker of coronary atherosclerosis whereas malondialdehyde-modified LDL is rather a marker of plaque instability and atherothrombosis. At present, in the absence of prospective studies, the causative role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherothrombosis is, however, not established.
Effects of dielectric superstrates on a two-layer electromagnetically coupled patch antenna (2003)

Experimental results on the radiation and impedance characteristics of a two-layer EMCP (electromagnetically coupled patch) antenna covered with dielectric superstrate are presented. It was found that, for a two-layer EMCP antenna operating in the high-gain region, the resonant input impedance increases and the 3 dB beamwidth decreases with the superstrate thickness. When the antenna is operating in the broadband region, both the resonant frequency and the bandwidth decrease with the superstrate thickness. In general, the impedance matching becomes poor with increases in superstrate thickness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bothnia dystrophy caused by mutations in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene (RLBP1) on chromosome 15q26. (1999)

A missense mutation in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene is the cause of Bothnia dystrophy. The disease is a local variant of retinitis punctata albescens that is common in northern Sweden due to a founder mutation.
Multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassays for quantitation of human cytokines in serum and culture supernatants (2001)

Fluorescent bead-based immunoassays can be used to quantitate multiple cytokines in human sera and contribute to an understanding of the role of cytokines in disease processes. This methodology is applicable to many combinations of purified analytes and high-affinity antibodies. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Isoindigo-based small molecules for high-performance solution-processed organic photovoltaic devices: the electron donating effect of the donor group on photo-physical properties and device performance (2013)

Five solution processable isoindigo-based donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) small molecules with different electron donating strengths have been designed and synthesized. The variation in the electron donating strength of the donor group strongly affected the optical, thermal, electrochemical and photovoltaic device performances of the isoindigo organic materials. The highest power conversion efficiency of ~3.2% was achieved in the bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device consisting of ID3T as the donor and PC70BM as the acceptor. This work demonstrates the potential of isoindigo moieties as electron-deficient units and presents guidelines for the synthesis of D-A-D small molecules for producing highly efficient, solution-processed organic photovoltaic devices.
Effect of a single 3′-methylene phosphonate linkage on the conformation of an A-DNA octamer double helix (1991)

The three-dimensional structure of the self-complementary DNA octamer d(GCCCGpGGC) has been determined in the crystalline state using X-ray diffraction data to a nominal resolutoin of 2.12 measured from a very small crystal at DESY, Hamburg. The structure was refined with stereochemical restraints to an R value of 17.1%. d(GCCCGpGGC), containing one single 3'-methylene phosphonate linkage (denoted p), forms an A-DNA double helix with strict dyad symmetry, that is distinct from canonical A-DNA by a wide open major groove and a small average base-pair inclination against the helix axis. The conformation of the unmodified control d(GCCCGGGC) is known from an X-ray analysis of isomorphous crystals (Heinemann et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 9531-9550). Comparison of the two structures reveals only minor conformational differences, most notably in the pucker of the reduced deoxyribose. It is suggested that oligonucleotides with charged 3'-methylene phosphonate groups may form stable duplexes with complementary DNA or RNA strands rendering them candidates for use as gene-regulatory antisense probes.
New Methods for Matching 3-D Objects with Single Perspective Views (1987)

In this paper we analyze the ability of a computer vision system to derive properties of the three-dimensional (3-D) physical world from viewing two-dimensional (2-D) images. We present a new approach which consists of a model-based interpretation of a single perspective image. Image linear features and linear feature sets are backprojected onto the 3-D space and geometric models are then used for selecting possible solutions. The paper treats two situations: 1) interpretation of scenes resulting from a simple geometric structure (orthogonality) in which case we seek to determine the orientation of this structure relatively to the viewer (three rotations) and 2) recognition of moderately complex objects whose shapes (geometrical and topological properties) are provided in advance. The recognition technique is limited to objects containing, among others, straight edges and planar faces. In the first case the computation can be carried out by a parallel algorithm which selects the solution that has received the largest number of votes (accumulation space). In the second case an object is uniquely assigned to a set of image features through a search strategy. As a by-product, the spatial position and orientation (six degrees of freedom) of each recognized object is determined as well. The method is valid over a wide range of perspective images and it does not require perfect low-level image segmentation. It has been successfully implemented for recognizing a class of industrial parts.
The Uterine Myometrium Is a Target for Increased Levels of Activin A during Pregnancy (1997)

Activin A is a dimeric protein hormone that regulates numerous cellular functions. A clear physiological role for this molecule in pregnancy is suggested by previous studies in the human, wherein activin A rises dramatically as women approach parturition. To determine whether the rodent is a suitable animal model for further studies of activin action during pregnancy, the serum concentration of activin A was measured in pregnant rats. Activin A was detected in the serum of pregnant rats, beginning on day 12, and the serum concentration rose progressively through gestation (22-fold) and dramatically (140-fold) in labor. The potential target tissues for circulating activin were then identified in two ways. First, iodinated activin was injected into pregnant rats, and the tissues targeted by labeled ligand were identified in vivo. A tissue targeted by activin A in the pregnant rat was the uterine myometrium. To determine the ligand specificity of the uterine myometrial cells, the uteri of pregnant rats were collected and analyzed by in situ ligand binding. 125I-activin A binding was specific for the uterus myometrium, and the ligand binding was competed by unlabeled activin A but not by inhibin A. This result suggests that the receptor in this tissue compartment is an activin-specific receptor. The production of abundant activin A and the ability of exogenous ligand to target the myometrium of the uterus provides a pathway by which activin could regulate uterine function during pregnancy.
The differentiation of cytotoxic T cells in vitro. III. The role of helper T cells and their products in the differentiation of cytotoxic cells from "memory" cell populations. (1980)

Abstract Supernatants from both primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) possess the ability to augment primary cytotoxic responses in vitro to UV-inactivated stimulator cells. Augmenting activity in secondary MLC supernatants was greater, appeared more quickly, and was elicited with less antigen than that seen in primary MLC supernatants. In both primary and secondary MLC, the production of augmenting factor(s) was dependent on the presence of Lyt 1+ cells in the responder population. An interesting correlation was observed between the antigenic requirements for eliciting cytotoxic cell differentiation from memory cell populations and the antigenic requirements for factor production from these same populations. In all cases, there was concordance between those antigenic stimuli that led to CTL production and those necessary for mediator production. Thus, cells “primed” in vitro during a 14-day MLC responded to subsequent stimulation with untreated and UV-inactivated allogeneic spleen cells but not to either heated or sonicated cells. On the other hand, cell populations “primed” with allogeneic cells in vivo responded to UV-treated, heated, and sonicated cell preparations. Spleen cell populations from unprimed animals responded only to untreated allogeneic stimulator cells. By sequential depletion of Lyt 1-bearing cells in the “primed” cell populations, it was found that the presence of Lyt 1+ cells was required for secondary CTL responses and for factor production to UV and heat-inactivated stimulator cells. On the other hand, removal of Lyt 1+ cells from primed populations only partially abrogated responses to stimulator cells that had not been exposed to UV irradiation or heat treatment. These findings imply that helper cells can play an important role in secondary as well as primary cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, the previously reported differences between the antigenic requirements necessary to trigger cytotoxic cell differentiation from populations “primed” in vitro versus those primed in vivo, appear to represent not memory cell heterogeneity and a discriminating cytotoxic precursor cell, but the relative activity of helper cells.
Structural and biochemical characterization of the Escherichia coli argE gene product (1992)

The DNA sequence of a 2,100-bp region containing the argE gene from Escherichia coli has been determined. The nucleotide sequence of the ppc-argE intergenic region was also solved and shown to contain six tandemly repeated REP sequences. Moreover, the oxyR gene has been mapped on the E. coli chromosome and shown to flank the arg operon. The codon responsible for the translation start of argE was determined by using site-directed mutants. This gene spans 1,400 bp and encodes a 42,350-Da polypeptide. The argE3 allele and a widely used argE amber gene have also been cloned and sequenced. N-Acetylornithinase, the argE product, has been overproduced and purified to homogeneity. Its main biochemical and catalytic properties are described. Moreover, we demonstrate that the protein is composed of two identical subunits. Finally, the amino acid sequence of N-acetylornithinase is shown to display a high degree of identity with those of the succinyldiaminopimelate desuccinylase from E. coli and carboxypeptidase G2 from a Pseudomonas sp. It is proposed that this carboxypeptidase might be responsible for the acetylornithinase-related activity found in the Pseudomonas sp.
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS COMPLEXED WITH HEAVY ATOMS‐II. PHOSPHORESCENCE AND PHOTODIMERIZATION OF DNA COMPLEXED WITH Ag* (1973)

Abstract— We have studied the luminescence (at 77°K) and photochemistry (at 298°K) of a variety of polynucleotides complexed with Ag + . In all cases we observed that Ag + induces a ‘heavy atom effect’ as indicated by quenching of fluorescence, enhancement of phosphorescence, and reduction of triplet lifetimes. The enhancement by Ag + of the phosphorescence intensity of poly (dT) and DNA paralleled a 20‐fold enhancement of the rate of thymine dimerization. These results suggest a possible triplet precursor for thymine dimerization in Ag + complexes. Dimers were also made with a variety of triplet sensitizers, and Ag + increased the dimer yield two‐ to four‐fold, depending on the sensitizer used.