gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Efficient Renal Clearance (2011)

Going to waste: Renal clearance of 2 nm glutathione-coated luminescent gold nanoparticles (GS-AuNPs) was more than 10 to 100 times better than that of the similarly sized nonluminescent AuNPs coated by bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine and cysteine. Urinary excretion of the particles was imaged with X-ray computed tomography (see picture of a mouse after injection of GS-AuNPs) and luminescence techniques in real time. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interleukin‐6: Structure‐function relationships (1997)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a central role in host defense due to its wide range of immune and hematopoietic activities and its potent ability to induce the acute phase response. Overexpression of IL-6 has been implicated in the pathology of a number of diseases including multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease, psoriasis, and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Hence, selective antagonists of IL-6 action may offer therapeutic benefits. IL-6 is a member of the family of cytokines that includes interleukin-11, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, cardiotrophin-1, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Like the other members of this family, IL-6 induces growth or differentiation via a receptor-system that involves a specific receptor and the use of a shared signaling subunit, gp130. Identification of the regions of IL-6 that are involved in the interactions with the IL-6 receptor, and gp130 is an important first step in the rational manipulation of the effects of this cytokine for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we focus on the sites on IL-6 which interact with its low-affinity specific receptor, the IL-6 receptor, and the high-affinity converter gp130. A tentative model for the IL-6 hexameric receptor ligand complex is presented and discussed with respect to the mechanism of action of the other members of the IL-6 family of cytokines.
Orientation Behaviour of the Blood-sucking Bug Triatoma infestans to Short-chain Fatty Acids: Synergistic Effect of L-Lactic Acid and Carbon Dioxide (2004)

The role of short-chain fatty acids in the host-seeking behaviour of Triatoma infestans larvae was investigated using a locomotion compensator. Several short-chain fatty acids were tested alone over a wide range of doses, or in combination with L-lactic acid (L-LA; 100 microg). Bugs showed no attractive response to single carboxylic acids, but when L-LA was added to airstreams carrying specific intensities of either propionic (C3; 100 microg), butyric (C4; 1 microg) or valeric acid (C5; 1 microg), these mixtures elicited an attractive response, evincing a synergistic effect. No orientation response was observed when caproic acid (C6) was offered with L-LA at the doses tested. Two blends were created: (1) C3, C4 and C5 combined at the effective doses when added with L-LA [C3C4C5 (1)], and (2) C3, C4 and C5 combined at a third of those intensities [C3C4C5 (2)]. Both blends were tested alone, with L-LA (100 microg), with a sub-threshold concentration of CO(2) (300 p.p.m. above the ambient level), and combined with both compounds together. Oriented responses of bugs were only observed with the blend (2) added with L-LA and with the combination of this lure with CO(2). This last combination evoked a behavioural response similar in intensity to that induced by a live mouse.
Human Interferon: Mass Production in a Newly Established Cell Line, MG-63 (1977)

MG-63 cells, a line derived from an osteosarcoma, produced high yields of interferon after superinduction with polyinosinic acid.polycytidylic acid, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D. Advantages of MG-63 cells over diploid fibroblasts as a substrate are: no requirement for aging between confluency and induction, no requirement for priming, and 3.7-fold higher yields per square centimeter of culture surface. Physicochemically and biologically, MG-63 cell interferon resembles fibroblast rather than leukocyte interferon.
Sensitivity of Micronucleus Induction in Human Lymphocytes to Low-LET Radiation Qualities: RBE and Correlation of RBE and LET (1994)

To use the micronucleus (MN) assay as a biological dosimeter, it is essential that the dose response to different radiation qualities is known. In this paper we present dose-response curves for MN induction by X rays (14, 50 and 350 kVp) and 60Co gamma rays. The dose responses for 14 kVp compared to 50 kVp and for 350 kVp compared to 60Co were found to differ significantly, whereas no significant difference could be demonstrated between 50 kVp and 350 kVp. Calculated RBE values with respect to 60Co gamma rays increase strongly with decreasing dose. The high RBE value (2.7) obtained for 14 kVp X rays in the low-dose region is of importance for radiological protection in clinical practice. A good linear correlation was found between the biological damage expressed by the RBE values for MN induction and the calculated physical parameter LET100,T expressing the energy deposition pattern in the medium. This correlation points to the fact that secondary phenomena involved in MN formation (repair, coagulation) do not differ greatly for the X-ray qualities used in this work. It can be concluded that MN induction in human lymphocytes can be used as a sensitive biological dosimeter for radiation damage by X rays and gamma rays.
Synthesis of 9-deoxa-9,10-dehydroprostaglandin-D2 through reaction of 2-oxatricyclo[3.3.0.04,6]oct-7-en-3-one with a cuprate reagent (1979)

S. M. Ali, M. A. W. Finch, S. M. Roberts and R. F. Newton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 679 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000679
Well-Leg Compartment Pressures During Hemilithotomy Position for Fracture Fixation (2000)

The use of the well-leg holder to maintain hemilithotomy position increases the calf compartment pressures dramatically and significantly. Therefore, we recommend avoiding this position for fracture fixation in at-risk patients.
Post-PCR sterilization: a method to control carryover contamination for the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

We describe a photochemical procedure for the sterilization of polynucleotides that are created by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The procedure is based upon the blockage of Taq DNA polymerase when it encounters a photochemically modified base in a polynucleotide strand. We have discovered reagents that can be added to a PCR reaction mixture prior to amplification and tolerate the thermal cycles of PCR, are photoactivated after amplification, and damage a PCR strand in a manner that, should the damaged strand be carried over into a new reaction vessel, prevent it from functioning as a template for the PCR. These reagents, which are isopsoralen derivatives that form cyclobutane adducts with pyrimidine bases, are shown to stop Taq polymerase under conditions appropriate for the PCR process. We show that effective sterilization of PCR products requires the use of these reagents at concentrations that are tailored to the length and sequence of the PCR product and the level of amplification of the PCR protocol.
Efficient implementation of the third order RLS adaptive Volterra filter (2006)

Nonlinear adaptive filtering techniques are widely used for the nonlinearities identification in many applications. This paper proposes a new implementation of the third order RLS Volterra filter based on the decomposition of the input vector. Its performances are evaluated in a typical nonlinear system identification application. Different degrees of nonlinearity for the nonlinear system are considered. Comparations, based on the adaptive filter error, are made in all cases with a linear identifier. The experimental results show that the proposed nonlinear identifier has better performances than the linear one.
Zero-bias 40Gbit/s germanium waveguide photodetector on silicon (2012)

We report on lateral pin germanium photodetectors selectively grown at the end of silicon waveguides. A very high optical bandwidth, estimated up to 120GHz, was evidenced in 10 µm long Ge photodetectors using three kinds of experimental set-ups. In addition, a responsivity of 0.8 A/W at 1550 nm was measured. An open eye diagrams at 40Gb/s were demonstrated under zero-bias at a wavelength of 1.55 µm.
Association of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (1990)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are now the chief cause of bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units. To investigate potential risk factors for this nosocomial infection, we conducted a case–control study among 882 infants treated in two neonatal intensive care units during 1982.
Rheumatoid arthritis T cells produce Th1 cytokines in response to stimulation with a novel trispecific antibody directed against CD2, CD3, and CD28 (2000)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) T cells respond poorly to conventional mitogens. We have examined the proliferative and cytokine responses of T cells to a synthetic trispecific antibody (Tsab) directed against CD2, CD3, and CD28. In 11 subjects RA T cells proliferated more, and secreted significantly more IL-2, in response to Tsab than did control peripheral blood (PB) cells. Very high levels of IL-2 were produced by 2 patients with aggressive disease. Measurement of intracellular IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-5 by flow cytometry showed a Th1 pattern of cytokine production in 13 RA and 9 control subjects. We conclude that RA T cells are not irreversibly inactivated, and that spatial arrangement of stimulating molecules may be important in eliciting maximal responses.
Two components of calcium‐activated potassium current in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. (1992)

1. The activation of calcium (Ca2+)-dependent potassium (K+) currents in dissociated rat adrenal chromaffin cells was investigated using the dialysed cell recording technique. 2. Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current was the major component of outward current at command potentials from -30 mV to about +50 mV. 3. Two components of Ca(2+)-dependent outward current could be distinguished based on the voltage dependence of activation, the properties of tail currents following repolarization, and pharmacological properties. 4. One Ca(2+)-dependent current was similar to an after-hyperpolarization current (often termed IAHP) observed in other cell types. This current was largely blocked by 200 nM-apamin or 200 microM-curare, was associated with slow Ca(2+)-dependent tail current, and exhibited little dependence on voltage. In cells with cytosolic Ca2+ buffered to 500 nM-1 microM, curare-sensitive current accounted for most of the membrane current at potentials negative to about -40 mV. 5. A second component of Ca(2+)-activated K+ current exhibited voltage-dependent activation, was completely blocked by 1 mM-TEA, and turned off rapidly following repolarization. An unusual aspect of the TEA-sensitive currents was that they appeared to inactivate under conditions of constant cytosolic Ca2+. 6. A novel observation during these experiments was a slow hump of outward current which appears to result from a non-monotonic elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ during prolonged voltage jumps.
Zintlphasen mit komplexen Anionen: Zur Kenntnis von Ca3AlAs3 und Ba3AlSb3/Zintl Phases with Complex Anions: On Ca3AlAs3 and Ba3AlSb3 (1982)

The new compound Ca 3 AlAs 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Pnma) with a = 1221.2(3) pm, b = 420.1(2) pm, c = 1343.4(4) pm. In the structure there are AlAs 4 -tetrahedra connected by common corners to „Einereinfach" chains. The new compound Ba 3 AlSb 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with a = 2113.3(10) pm, b = 719.4(5) pm, c = 1400.9(8) pm. AlSb 4 -tetrahedra are connected by common edges to isolated Al 2 Sb 6 groups. According to the compositions and structures both compounds belong to the Zintl-phases.
Trastuzumab-DM1: Building a Chemotherapy-Free Road in the Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer (2010)

previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 114:326, 2009 (abstr 790) 18. Borthakur G, Jabbour E, Wang X, et al: Effect of front-line therapy with fludarabine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (FLAG-GO) on outcome in core-binding factor associated acute myelogenous leukemia (CBFAML). J Clin Oncol 28:499s, 2010 (abstr 6552) 19. Lo-Coco F, Cimino G, Breccia M, et al: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) as a single agent for molecularly relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 104:1995-1999, 2004 20. Estey EH, Giles FJ, Beran M, et al: Experience with gemtuzumab ozogamycin (“mylotarg”) and all-trans retinoic acid in untreated acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 99:4222-4224, 2002 21. Breccia M, Cimino G, Diverio D, et al: Sustained molecular remission after low dose gemtuzumab-ozogamicin in elderly patients with advanced acute promyelocytic leukemia. Haematologica 92:1273-1274, 2007 22. Ravandi F, Estey E, Jones D, et al: Effective treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans-retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin. J Clin Oncol 27:504-510, 2009 23. Vogel CL, Cobleigh MA, Tripathy D, et al: Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab as a single agent in first-line treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 20:719-726, 2002 24. Johnson JR, Cohen M, Sridhara R, et al: Approval summary for erlotinib for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. Clin Cancer Res 11:6414-6421, 2005
The genome sequence of the probiotic intestinal bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 (2004)

Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 is a member of the acidophilus group of intestinal lactobacilli that has been extensively studied for their "probiotic" activities that include, pathogen inhibition, epithelial cell attachment, and immunomodulation. To gain insight into its physiology and identify genes potentially involved in interactions with the host, we sequenced and analyzed the 1.99-Mb genome of L. johnsonii NCC 533. Strikingly, the organism completely lacked genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for amino acids, purine nucleotides, and most cofactors. In apparent compensation, a remarkable number of uncommon and often duplicated amino acid permeases, peptidases, and phosphotransferase-type transporters were discovered, suggesting a strong dependency of NCC 533 on the host or other intestinal microbes to provide simple monomeric nutrients. Genome analysis also predicted an abundance (>12) of large and unusual cell-surface proteins, including fimbrial subunits, which may be involved in adhesion to glycoproteins or other components of mucin, a characteristic expected to affect persistence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Three bile salt hydrolases and two bile acid transporters, proteins apparently critical for GIT survival, were also detected. In silico genome comparisons with the >95% complete genome sequence of the closely related Lactobacillus gasseri revealed extensive synteny punctuated by clear-cut insertions or deletions of single genes or operons. Many of these regions of difference appear to encode metabolic or structural components that could affect the organisms competitiveness or interactions with the GIT ecosystem.
Treatment of actinic keratoses with sequential use of photodynamic therapy; and imiquimod 5% cream. (2009)

Photodynamic therapy followed by imiquimod was well tolerated and improved reduction of actinic keratoses.
A Uniform Representation of Single-and Multistage Interconnection Networks Used in SIMD Machines (1980)

A switching theoretic framework for the study of interconnection networks is developed. An equivalence relationship between networks is defined. Single-stage and multistage networks that are particularly useful for single-instruction multiple-data stream (SIMD) machines are studied. It is shown that the networks form two distinct equivalence classes under this definition of equivalence relationship. It is shown that any multistage network can be easily modified to realize the permutations that are admissible by any other network which is equivalent to it.
Aging affects the balance of neural entrainment and top-down neural modulation in the listening brain (2017)

Healthy aging is accompanied by listening difficulties, including decreased speech comprehension, that stem from an ill-understood combination of sensory and cognitive changes. Here, we use electroencephalography to demonstrate that auditory neural oscillations of older adults entrain less firmly and less flexibly to speech-paced (∼3 Hz) rhythms than younger adults' during attentive listening. These neural entrainment effects are distinct in magnitude and origin from the neural response to sound per se. Non-entrained parieto-occipital alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillations are enhanced in young adults, but suppressed in older participants, during attentive listening. Entrained neural phase and task-induced alpha amplitude exert opposite, complementary effects on listening performance: higher alpha amplitude is associated with reduced entrainment-driven behavioural performance modulation. Thus, alpha amplitude as a task-driven, neuro-modulatory signal can counteract the behavioural corollaries of neural entrainment. Balancing these two neural strategies may present new paths for intervention in age-related listening difficulties.
Use of Perfluorochemical Emulsions in Cancer Therapy (1992)

Over the past 10 years, the use of perfluorochemical emulsions (PFCE) and carbogen or oxygen breathing has been explored as an adjuvant to radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of solid tumors. The rationale for the use of PFCE and oxygen breathing in this therapeutic setting is that solid tumor masses contain areas of hypoxia which are therapeutically resistant. Since x-rays and many chemotherapeutic agents require oxygen to be maximally cytotoxic and most normal tissues are well-oxygenated, the additional oxygen put in circulation by the PFCE should not increase the normal tissue toxicities produced by the various therapies. The largest body of preclinical work and all of the clinical studies in cancer conducted with PFCE, thus far, have been done with Fluosol-DA, 20%. Oxygen microelectrode studies have confirmed increased oxygenation in previously hypoxic tumor regions after the administration of Fluosol-DA and carbogen breathing. The preclinical studies have shown very positive effects with single dose and fractionated radiation in several rodent solid tumor models. Many widely used anticancer drugs including antitumor alkylating agents and adriamycin are enhanced by PFCE and carbogen breathing for longer time periods (6 h). More recently, several experimental concentrated PFCE preparations have become available and work with these is actively under way in several laboratories. Clinical studies with radiation and four or five chemotherapeutic drugs as single agents have indicated that Fluosol-DA followed by oxygen breathing can be administered safely in a variety of cancer therapeutic settings. Further clinical studies with Fluosol-DA are planned.
Safety and tolerability of MRI-guided infusion of AAV2-hAADC into the mid-brain of nonhuman primate (2014)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare, autosomal-recessive neurological disorder caused by mutations in the <i>DDC</i> gene that leads to an inability to synthesize catecholamines and serotonin. As a result, patients suffer compromised development, particularly in motor function. A recent gene replacement clinical trial explored putaminal delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 vector encoding human AADC (AAV2-hAADC) in AADC-deficient children. Unfortunately, patients presented only modest amelioration of motor symptoms, which authors acknowledged could be due to insufficient transduction of putamen. We hypothesize that, with the development of a highly accurate MRI-guided cannula placement technology, a more effective approach might be to target the affected mid-brain neurons directly. Transduction of AADC-deficient dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area with locally infused AAV2-hAADC would be expected to lead to restoration of normal dopamine levels in affected children. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term safety and tolerability of bilateral AAV2-hAADC MRI-guided pressurized infusion into the mid-brain of non-human primates. Animals received either vehicle, low or high AAV2-hAADC vector dose and were euthanized 1, 3 or 9 months after surgery. Our data indicate that effective mid-brain transduction was achieved without untoward effects.
Matching the Transconductance Characteristics of CMOS ISFET Arrays by Removing Trapped Charge (2008)

This paper presents an approach for matching the transconductance characteristics of CMOS ISFET arrays by removing trapped charge. We describe how to design arrays of floating-gate ISFETs so that ultraviolet (UV) radiation and bulk-substrate biasing can be used to remove the random amount of trapped charge that accumulates on the gates during fabrication. The approach is applied directly to a prototype single-chip 2 2 array of ISFETs, which is designed and fabricated in a standard 0.35- CMOS process. By considering the transconductance characteristics of the 2 2 array before and after UV exposure, it is shown that the response can be matched after 10 h and that the ISFET threshold voltages converge to an equilibrium value of approximately 1 V. After matching, it is found that the ISFET array has a measured sensitivity of 46 mV/pH and can successfully image a change in the pH of a homogeneous electrolyte solution.
6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) promotes cell cycle progression and suppresses apoptosis via Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of p27 (2014)

The control of glucose metabolism and the cell cycle must be coordinated in order to guarantee sufficient ATP and anabolic substrates at distinct phases of the cell cycle. The family of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatases (PFKFB1-4) are well established regulators of glucose metabolism via their synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), a potent allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (Pfk-1). PFKFB3 is overexpressed in human cancers, regulated by HIF-1α, Akt and PTEN, and required for the survival and growth of multiple cancer types. Although most functional studies of the role of PFKFB3 in cancer progression have invoked its well-recognized function in the regulation of glycolysis, recent observations have established that PFKFB3 also traffics to the nucleus and that its product, F2,6BP, activates cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). In particular, F2,6BP stimulates the Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of the Cip/Kip protein p27 (threonine 187), which in turn results in p27's ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. As p27 is a potent suppressor of the G1/S transition and activator of apoptosis, we hypothesized that the known requirement of PFKFB3 for cell cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis may be partly due to the ability of F2,6BP to activate Cdks. In this study, we demonstrate that siRNA silencing of endogenous PFKFB3 inhibits Cdk1 activity, which in turn stabilizes p27 protein levels causing cell cycle arrest at G1/S and increased apoptosis in HeLa cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that the increase in apoptosis and suppression of the G1/S transition caused by siRNA silencing of PFKFB3 expression is reversed by co-siRNA silencing of p27. Taken together with prior publications, these observations support a model whereby PFKFB3 and F2,6BP function not only as regulators of Pfk-1 but also of Cdk1 activity, and therefore serve to couple glucose metabolism with cell proliferation and survival in transformed cells.