gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1,n-Dicarbanionic Titanium Intermediates from Monocarbanionic Organometallics and Their Application in Organic Synthesis (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,n-Dicarbanionic Titanium Intermediates from Monocarbanionic Organometallics and Their Application in Organic SynthesisOleg G. Kulinkovich and Armin de MeijereView Author Information Chemical Department of Belarussian State University, Skaryny Av. 4, 220050 Minsk, Belarus, and Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 8, 2789–2834Publication Date (Web):July 21, 2000Publication History Received21 March 2000Published online21 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/cr980046zCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6237Altmetric-Citations367LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Reaction products,Reagents,Titanium Get e-Alerts
Characterization of 11 β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Gene Expression: Identification of Multiple Unique Forms of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Kidney (1990)

The enzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) appears to be involved in mediating aldosterone specificity of otherwise nonselective type I receptors in mineralocorticoid target tissues. In the present study gene expression of 11-HSD was characterized in various tissues of the rat by use of a complementary DNA probe coding for the rat liver 11-HSD. In the liver, lung, testis, colon, heart, hippocampus, and kidney papilla a single message was observed of length approximately 1700 nucleotides (nt). In the kidney cortex/medulla, however, messenger RNA (mRNA) species were observed at 1900 nt, 1600 nt and 1500 nt, and deadenylation studies showed that the renal 1900 nt species was heterogeneous. Northern blot analysis of 11-HSD mRNA showed low levels of expression in the kidney of the neonate and much higher levels in liver and lung with expression increasing markedly in all three tissues over development. In mature rats, a low salt diet significantly elevated 11-HSD mRNA in the liver but not in other tissues. We interpret these data as evidence for the existence of a family of 11-HSD genes, and consistent with the possibility that the hepatic species may modulate occupancy of type II (classical) glucocorticoid rather than type I receptors.
A Novel Selection Marker for Efficient DNA Cloning and Recombineering in E. coli (2013)

Production of recombinant DNA in bacterial cells is an essential technique in molecular biology. Plasmids are usually maintained in an E. coli host by antibiotic selection. However, there are only a few antibiotic-resistance markers available in common use. Here we report the adoption of a novel selection marker, mfabI (mutant fabI) for plasmid propagation in E. coli. mfabI expands the limited repertoire of selection markers and allows for more efficient molecular manipulation and plasmid propagation in E. coli. We show that mfabI is not only an efficient plasmid selection marker, but it also possesses unique activity that may facilitate molecular manipulation of unstable sequences. Furthermore, we have incorporated mfabI in the recombineering tool kit for generating mouse gene targeting vectors and demonstrate the advantage of using mfabI-containing recombineering vectors.
Functional impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy (2013)

Both clinically and in research settings, the definition of functional intactness/impairment has important implications. Future studies should examine if functional impairment is this high in PSP or if new scales of functional abilities need to be developed for this condition.
Antibacterial Activity of Novel Cationic Peptides against Clinical Isolates of Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Infected Dogs (2014)

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals and has zoonotic potential. Additionally, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged with resistance to virtually all classes of antimicrobials. Thus, novel treatment options with new modes of action are required. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of six synthetic short peptides against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and MRSP isolated from infected dogs. All six peptides demonstrated potent anti-staphylococcal activity regardless of existing resistance phenotype. The most effective peptides were RRIKA (with modified C terminus to increase amphipathicity and hydrophobicity) and WR-12 (α-helical peptide consisting exclusively of arginine and tryptophan) with minimum inhibitory concentration50 (MIC50) of 1 µM and MIC90 of 2 µM. RR (short anti-inflammatory peptide) and IK8 "D isoform" demonstrated good antimicrobial activity with MIC50 of 4 µM and MIC90 of 8 µM. Penetratin and (KFF)3K (two cell penetrating peptides) were the least effective with MIC50 of 8 µM and MIC90 of 16 µM. Killing kinetics revealed a major advantage of peptides over conventional antibiotics, demonstrating potent bactericidal activity within minutes. Studies with propidium iodide and transmission electron microscopy revealed that peptides damaged the bacterial membrane leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents and consequently, cell death. A potent synergistic increase in the antibacterial effect of the cell penetrating peptide (KFF)3K was noticed when combined with other peptides and with antibiotics. In addition, all peptides displayed synergistic interactions when combined together. Furthermore, peptides demonstrated good therapeutic indices with minimal toxicity toward mammalian cells. Resistance to peptides did not evolve after 10 passages of S. pseudintermedius at sub-inhibitory concentration. However, the MICs of amikacin and ciprofloxacin increased 32 and 8 fold, respectively; under similar conditions. Taken together, these results support designing of peptide-based therapeutics for combating MRSP infections, particularly for topical application.
Forecast Evaluation with Cross-Sectional Data: The Blue Chip Surveys (2003)

If economic forecasts are to be used for decision making, then being able to evaluate their accuracy is essential. Assessing accuracy using single variables from a forecast is acceptable as a first pass, but this approach has inherent problems. This article addresses some of these problems by evaluating and comparing the general accuracy of a set of multivariate forecasts over time. ; Using the methodology developed in Eisenbeis, Waggoner, and Zha (2002), the authors compare the economic forecasts in the Blue Chip Economic Indicators Survey. The survey, published monthly since 1977, contains forecasts of many macroeconomic variables over a relatively long time span. The forecasters are a mix of economists from major investment banks, corporations, consulting firms, and academic institutions, many of whom have participated in the survey for several years. The survey thus provides a useful set of forecasts to explore the methodologies and to investigate several aspects of forecast performance over time. ; The methodology assigns each forecast a composite score based on the standard theory of probability and statistics. This single number is easy to interpret and can be used to compare forecasts even if the number of variables being forecast, or their definitions, changes over time. ; The analysis shows that the Blue Chip Consensus Forecast, which is the average of the individual forecasts, performs better than any individual forecaster although several forecasters performed almost as well as the consensus.
The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Mediating the Effects of Histamine on Cell Proliferation and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production in Colorectal Cancer (2005)

Our data showed that histamine exerts both a proproliferative and a proangiogenic effect via H2/H4 receptor activation. These effects are likely to be mediated by increasing COX-2-related PGE2 production in COX-2-expressing colon cancer cells.
Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2002)

These results suggest that the frequency of exacerbations contributes to long term decline in lung function of patients with moderate to severe COPD.
Wlds mice are resistant to paclitaxel (taxol) neuropathy (2002)

Abstract The Wld S mouse is a unique mutant strain that demonstrates the remarkable phenotype of prolonged survival of transected axons (“slow Wallerian degeneration”). In these studies, we tested whether this neuroprotective phenotype extends to axonal degeneration seen in a progressive peripheral neuropathy. Wld S and wild‐type mice were intoxicated with the cancer chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (Taxol). The severity of the resultant sensory neuropathy was compared with behavioral, physiological, and pathological measures. Wld S mice were resistant to paclitaxel neuropathy by all measures, and the resistance was because of protection against axonal degeneration. These studies demonstrate for the first time that the Wld S mouse is more than a slow Wallerian degeneration phenotype, emphasizing the mechanistic link between Wallerian degeneration and peripheral neuropathy. Understanding how this mutant gene confers protection against axonal degeneration will provide important clues toward prevention of axonal degeneration in several human neurological disorders.
Distinct T Cell Developmental Consequences in Humans and Mice Expressing Identical Mutations in the DLAARN Motif of ZAP-70 (2001)

The protein tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70, is pivotally involved in transduction of Ag-binding signals from the TCR required for T cell activation and development. Defects in ZAP-70 result in SCID in humans and mice. We describe an infant with SCID due to a novel ZAP-70 mutation, comparable with that which arose spontaneously in an inbred mouse colony. The patient inherited a homozygous missense mutation within the highly conserved DLAARN motif in the ZAP-70 kinase domain. Although the mutation only modestly affected protein stability, catalytic function was absent. Despite identical changes in the amino acid sequence of ZAP-70, the peripheral T cell phenotypes of our patient and affected mice are distinct. ZAP-70 deficiency in this patient, as in other humans, is characterized by abundant nonfunctional CD4(+) T cells and absent CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, ZAP-70-deficient mice lack both major T cell subsets. Although levels of the ZAP-70-related protein tyrosine kinase, Syk, may be sufficiently increased in human thymocytes to rescue CD4 development, survival of ZAP-70-deficient T cells in the periphery does not appear to be dependent on persistent up-regulation of Syk expression.
Sample‐Dependent Results Using Accounting and Market Data: Some Evidence (1986)

ABSTRACT Studies relating accounting and price data often use the COMPUSTAT or related PDE data base as the source for the accounting data. This practice may introduce a look‐ahead bias and an ex‐post‐selection bias into the study. We examine this problem by comparing results from the standard COMPUSTAT data base with those from a data base which suffers from neither bias. We find that rates of return from portfolios chosen on the basis of accounting data from the two data bases differ significantly. Further, we find that these differences imply different conclusions when we test a specific hypothesis relating accounting and price data. Finally, we propose a number of remedies which may reduce the bias when the standard COMPUSTAT data base is used.
Did homeodomain proteins duplicate before the origin of angiosperms, fungi, and metazoa? (1997)

Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that play a critical role in early development in eukaryotes. These proteins previously have been classified into numerous subgroups whose phylogenetic relationships are unclear. Our phylogenetic analysis of representative eukaryotic sequences suggests that there are two major groups of homeodomain proteins, each containing sequences from angiosperms, metazoa, and fungi. This result, based on parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of primary amino acid sequences, was supported by two additional features of the proteins. The two protein groups are distinguished by an insertion/deletion in the homeodomain, between helices I and II. In addition, an amphipathic alpha-helical secondary structure in the region N terminal of the homeodomain is shared by angiosperm and metazoan sequences in one group. These results support the hypothesis that there was at least one duplication of homeobox genes before the origin of angiosperms, fungi, and metazoa. This duplication, in turn, suggests that these proteins had diverse functions early in the evolution of eukaryotes. The shared secondary structure in angiosperm and metazoan sequences points to an ancient conserved functional domain.
Information processing using a single dynamical node as complex system (2011)

Novel methods for information processing are highly desired in our information-driven society. Inspired by the brain's ability to process information, the recently introduced paradigm known as 'reservoir computing' shows that complex networks can efficiently perform computation. Here we introduce a novel architecture that reduces the usually required large number of elements to a single nonlinear node with delayed feedback. Through an electronic implementation, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate excellent performance in a speech recognition benchmark. Complementary numerical studies also show excellent performance for a time series prediction benchmark. These results prove that delay-dynamical systems, even in their simplest manifestation, can perform efficient information processing. This finding paves the way to feasible and resource-efficient technological implementations of reservoir computing.
Radiation detection and situation management by distributed sensor networks (2009)

Detection of radioactive materials in an urban environment usually requires large, portal-monitor-style radiation detectors. However, this may not be a practical solution in many transport scenarios. Alternatively, a distributed sensor network (DSN) could complement portal-style detection of radiological materials through the implementation of arrays of low cost, small heterogeneous sensors with the ability to detect the presence of radioactive materials in a moving vehicle over a specific region. In this paper, we report on the use of a heterogeneous, wireless, distributed sensor network for traffic monitoring in a field demonstration. Through wireless communications, the energy spectra from different radiation detectors are combined to improve the detection confidence. In addition, the DSN exploits other sensor technologies and algorithms to provide additional information about the vehicle, such as its speed, location, class (e.g. car, truck), and license plate number. The sensors are in-situ and data is processed in real-time at each node. Relevant information from each node is sent to a base station computer which is used to assess the movement of radioactive materials.
OPTIONS FOR RESHAPING THE RAILWAY. (1992)

In many countries the mismatch between what the railways offer and what the customers want has caused significant economic inefficiency and severe financial strains for the railways and their government owners. The concept of the railway as a monolithic entity is so strong in many countries as to be a roadblock against reshaping the railway. The authors explore four options which can be used to reshape the railways. First is the lines of business option which improves accountability and responsiveness to markets. The second is the competitive access option which introduces intramodal competition in selected markets, while maintaining unitary control over most railway operations. The third is the"wholesaler"option which would accomplish an excellent marketing job, but the actual operation would remain in monolithic hands. Finally there is the"toll rail enterprise"option which comes closest to reflecting a theoretical model of marketing effectiveness, however it would generate potential operating conflicts and higher transaction costs. The authors show that one generalization holds true in all circumstances: a monolithic railway does not function well in a market economy in competition with privately owned, properly regulated competitors - especially trucking. The authors point out that solutions will vary, but the universal objective as an economy becomes more market driven is to make the railway more market sensitive.
Interferon-gamma induction by lipopolysaccharide: dependence on interleukin 2 and macrophages. (1986)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced fresh murine splenocytes to produce interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta presumably by stimulation of the B lymphocytes and macrophages. However, when the splenocytes were "aged" for 24 to 72 hr in culture before addition of the LPS, the IFN response was significantly increased and was determined to be predominantly IFN-gamma. Because low levels of interleukin 2 (IL 2) were found to be spontaneously produced by the unstimulated splenocytes during the "aging" process, the effect of IL 2 on IFN induction by LPS in fresh splenocytes was examined. The addition of LPS to freshly prepared splenocyte cultures that were treated with human IL 2, either native or recombinant, before exposure to the LPS resulted in the LPS inducing large amounts of IFN-gamma. IL 2 alone induced little if any IFN in the splenocyte cultures. Depletion of T cells and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from the cultures by anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies plus complement abrogated IFN-gamma production, and the addition of polymyxin B to "aged" splenocyte cultures resulted in loss of IFN production in response to LPS. Cultures that were enriched for T cells and LGL by passage through nylon wool produced significant amounts of IFN-gamma in response to LPS only if first treated with IL 2. Furthermore, the addition of splenic adherent cells to purified nylon wool-non-adherent (NWNA) cells augmented IFN-gamma production, whether or not the NWNA cells were pretreated with IL 2. This enhancement appeared to require direct contact between adherent cells and NWNA cells, because physical separation abrogated IFN production. The addition of recombinant IL 1 or LPS-conditioned supernatants of macrophage cultures did not replace adherent cell activity. These data demonstrate that LPS, which predominantly induces IFN-alpha/beta in fresh murine splenocytes, is able to stimulate T lymphocytes to produce IFN-gamma if the T cells are first exposed to endogenously produced or exogenously applied IL 2. Because IFN-gamma is a potent activator of the bactericidal and cytocidal potential of macrophages, the induction of IFN-gamma by bacterial LPS may play an important role in resistance/recovery mechanisms against bacterial infections.
CD40 is required for the optimal induction of protective immunity to Mycobacterium avium (2004)

C57Bl/6 mice and mice deficient in the CD40 molecule were infected with three strains of Mycobacterium avium. Two of the M. avium strains proliferated more extensively in CD40-deficient (CD40-/-) mice than in control mice. The increased susceptibility to infection of CD40-/- mice was associated with the generation of poorer interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) responses as compared to the controls, suggesting a role for CD40 in the development of protective immunity. In contrast, direct triggering of CD40 on infected macrophages failed to induce any anti-mycobacterial activity in infected macrophages.
"Just Google it": Forecasting Norwegian unemployment figures with web queries (2010)

This project has been a rewarding, fun, educational and exciting journey for both of us.We were both a bit nervous last spring when we chose to follow the tracks of Hal Varian and Hyunyoung Choi and challenged ourselves to write our thesis on forecasting economic variables based on Internet web queries.Their work was the first on the field, and we had apparently only a vague idea about how to tackle the challenge.However, we have never regretted our choice.It has been a true joy to write about this topic since little has been done so far and results are apparently promising.It has made us to think out of the box and to learn new methods we had never touched upon before.Though, we would have not been where we are today without certain persons who we would like to thank for their valuable support and advice.We would especially thank Professor Espen R. Moen who has, through his brilliant logic and knowledge, guided us throughout this journey.His engagement
Needle Tip Visibility in 3D Ultrasound Images (2017)

The contrast-to-noise ratio increased with the increase in angle of insonation. The difference in visibility of different needles is more pronounced at 20° angle. The echogenic properties of inhomogeneous cow liver tissues make the needles visibility worse as compared to a homogenous phantom. The needle visibility becomes worse in 3D real-time data as compared to 3D ultrasound sweeps.
Lymphocytes : a practical approach (1987)

Preparation of lymphocytes and accessory cells Preparation of lymphocyte subpopulations Fractionation of lymphocytes by immunomagnetic beads Immunofluorescence and immunohisto-chemistry The induction and enumeration of antibody-forming cells in vitro In vitro culture of T cell lines and clones Generation of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines using epstein Limiting dilution analysis Lymphocyte proliferation assays Assays for interleukins and other related factors Biochemical characterization of lymphocyte surface antigens
LA UE quiere proteger el mar (2005)

La protecion de los ecosistemas marinos es una prioridad para los Veinticinco. Asi ha quedado de manifiesto en el nuevo plan del Ejecutivo comunitario, que busca evitar la degradacion de las aguas y conseguir una mejora considerable de la salud de los mares que banan el continente.