gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administration of Dehydroepiandrosterone Suppresses Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in SJL/J Mice (2001)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease in the CNS, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. We have examined the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the development of EAE in mice. The addition of DHEA to cultures of myelin basic protein-primed splenocytes resulted in a significant decrease in T cell proliferation and secretion of (pro)inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12 p40, and TNF-alpha) and NO in response to myelin basic protein. These effects were associated with a decrease in activation and translocation of NF-kappaB. In vivo administration of DHEA significantly reduced the severity and incidence of acute EAE, along with a decrease in demyelination/inflammation and expressions of (pro)inflammatory cytokines in the CNS. These studies suggest that DHEA has potent anti-inflammatory properties, which at least are in part mediated by its inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
The long-term followup of primary anterior cruciate ligament repair (1991)

Fifty primary ACL repairs using the Marshall multiple suture technique were analyzed. The average age at surgery was 23 years (range, 15 to 56), with 76% under the age of 30. The average followup was 61.3 months (range, 48 to 86). The average time from injury to surgery was 7 days (range, 1 to 18). Eighty percent of the injuries were sports-related with football and skiing predominating. Thirty-eight percent were "isolated" ACL tears, and 62% had associated injuries. There was a 46% incidence of meniscal tear with 59% of the meniscal tears being repaired. The postoperative evaluation included a multifactorial analysis correlating 43 variables including subjective, objective, radiographic, and KT-1000 data. The Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Diagnostic Score, a clinical objective score based on the postoperative Lachman and pivot shift examination, a KT-1000 arthrometer data score, and an overall combined assessment score were determined. The results showed 59% excellent, 18% good, 14% fair, and 8% poor. The Lachman test was diagnostic in all cases. The quality of ACL tissue at repair was rated excellent or good in 62% of the cases. Four patterns of ACL tears were distinguished by the location of the tear. Football injury, younger age, increased peroperative pivot shift, midsubstance Type IV tear, and return of full motion correlated with poor postoperative results. Increasing age, tight jointedness, Type I tears, and a 5 degrees flexion contracture correlated with good postoperative results.
Sensitization to horse hair, symptoms and lung function in grooms (2002)

Occupational exposure to horse increases the sensitization to horse hair, induces asthma and allergic symptoms and also impairs lung functions.
Induction of Broadly Reactive Anti-Hemagglutinin Stalk Antibodies by an H5N1 Vaccine in Humans (2014)

Influenza virus vaccines have to be reformulated and readministered on an annual basis. The development of a universal influenza virus vaccine could abolish the need for this cumbersome and costly process and would also enhance our pandemic preparedness. This study addressed the following questions, which are essential for the development of a hemagglutinin stalk-based universal influenza virus vaccine. (i) Can stalk-reactive antibodies be boosted by vaccination with divergent HAs that share conserved epitopes? (ii) How long-lived are these vaccine-induced stalk-reactive antibody responses? (iii) What is the breadth of this reactivity? (iv) Are these antibodies functional and protective? Our results further strengthen the concept of induction of stalk-reactive antibodies by sequential exposure to hemagglutinin immunogens with conserved stalk and divergent head domains. A universal influenza virus vaccine based on the same principles seems possible and might have a significant impact on global human health.
Low Levels of RANTES Are Associated with Mortality in Children with Cerebral Malaria (2006)

The serum cytokine and chemokine profile of children who die of CM is similar to that of individuals who die of sepsis. Levels of RANTES are significantly lower in children with CM, and very low levels of RANTES are associated with mortality, independently of other cytokine and chemokine levels.
Modeling of Threading Dislocation Density Reduction in Heteroepitaxial Layers (1997)

The “effective kinetics” of threading dislocations (TDs) in growing epitaxial films is developed on the basis of the crystallographic and geometrical considerations from Part I of the paper. A system of coupled first-order nonlinear differential equations for twenty-four families of TDs is derived and solved for several initial conditions for TD densities. Numerical solutions demonstrated two general types of asymptotic behavior with increasing film thickness: linear decrease or saturation of total TD density. This behavior agrees with experimental data on TD reduction in mismatched homogeneous buffer layers.
Strategies for mapping dataflow blocks to distributed hardware (2008)

Distributed processors must balance communication and concurrency. When dividing instructions among the processors, key factors are the available concurrency, criticality of dependence chains, and communication penalties. The amount of concurrency determines the importance of the other factors: if concurrency is high, wider distribution of instructions is likely to tolerate the increased operand routing latencies. If concurrency is low, mapping dependent instructions close to one another is likely to reduce communication costs that contribute to the critical path. This paper explores these tradeoffs for distributed Explicit Dataflow Graph Execution (EDGE) architectures that execute blocks of dataflow instructions atomically. A runtime block mapper assigns instructions from a single thread to distributed hardware resources (cores) based on compiler-assigned instruction identifiers. We explore two approaches: fixed strategies that map all blocks to the same number of cores, and adaptive strategies that vary the number of cores for each block. The results show that best fixed strategy varies, based on the corespsila issue width. A simple adaptive strategy improves performance over the best fixed strategies for single and dual-issue cores, but its benefits decrease as the corespsila issue width increases. These results show that by choosing an appropriate runtime block mapping strategy, average performance can be increased by 18%, while simultaneously reducing average operand communication by 70%, saving energy as well as improving performance. These results indicate that runtime block mapping is a promising mechanism for balancing communication and concurrency in distributed processors.
An Artificial Antigen-presenting Cell with Paracrine Delivery of IL-2 Impacts the Magnitude and Direction of the T Cell Response (2011)

Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) are an emerging technology to induce therapeutic cellular immunity without the need for autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs). To fully replace natural APCs, an optimized aAPC must present antigen (signal 1), provide costimulation (signal 2), and release cytokine (signal 3). Here we demonstrate that the spatial and temporal characteristics of paracrine release of IL-2 from biodegradable polymer aAPCs (now termed paAPCs) can significantly alter the balance in the activation and proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Paracrine delivery of IL-2 upon T cell contact with paAPCs induces significant IL-2 accumulation in the synaptic contact region. This accumulation increases CD25 (the inducible IL-2 Rα chain) on responding T cells and increases proliferation of CD8+ T cells in vitro to levels 10 times that observed with equivalent amounts of bulk IL-2. These CD8+ T cell responses critically depend upon close contact of T cells and the paAPCs and require sustained release of low levels of IL-2. The same conditions promote activation-induced cell death in CD4+ T cells. These findings provide insight into the response of T cell subsets to paracrine IL-2.
MicroRNA-21: From Cancer to Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) expression is activated in multiple types of cancers, such as breast, liver, brain, prostate, myometrial cancers but also in cardiovascular diseases. MiR-21 regulates a plethora of target proteins which are involved in cellular survival, apoptosis and cell invasiveness. MiR-21 regulation is complex due to an own promoter that is target for various transcription factors and hormones. The consistent miR-21 overexpression under pathophysiological conditions points to miR-21 as a valuable tool for new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we present and analyze current data about miR-21 expression in various pathologies ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Further, miR-21 regulatory mechanisms and miR-21 downstream targets are discussed. Finally, we highlight the particular role of miR-21 as a therapeutic target in various diseases.
ABT-510 induces tumor cell apoptosis and inhibits ovarian tumor growth in an orthotopic, syngeneic model of epithelial ovarian cancer (2009)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fifth most common cancer in women and is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate. One strategy that can potentially improve the overall survival rate in ovarian cancer is the use of antitumor agents such as ABT-510. ABT-510 is a small mimetic peptide of the naturally occurring antiangiogenic compound thrombospondin-1 and has been shown to significantly reduce tumor growth and burden in preclinical mouse models and in naturally occurring tumors in dogs. This is the first evaluation of ABT-510 in a preclinical model of human EOC. Tumorigenic mouse surface epithelial cells were injected into the bursa of C57BL/6 mice that were treated with either 100 mg/kg ABT-510 or an equivalent amount of PBS. ABT-510 caused a significant reduction in tumor size, ascites fluid volume, and secondary lesion dissemination when compared with PBS controls. Analysis of the vasculature of ABT-510-treated mice revealed vascular remodeling with smaller diameter vessels and lower overall area, increased number of mature vessels, and decreased tissue hypoxia. Tumors of ABT-510-treated mice had a significantly higher proportion of apoptotic tumor cells compared with the PBS-treated controls. Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates revealed a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression as well as expression of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase survival pathways. In vitro, ABT-510 induced tumor cell apoptosis in mouse and human ovarian cancer cells. This study shows ABT-510 as a promising candidate for inhibiting tumor growth and ascites formation in human EOC.
Multi-frequency sensor for remote measurement of breath and heartbeat (2006)

Abstract. Remote measurement of breath and heartbeat is desirable in many situations. It avoids the discomfort resulting from electrodes applied on the skin for long-term patients or during sports acvtivities. Also, surveillance of high security areas or finding survivors of disasters are interesting applications. Common methods identify the movement of heart and thorax by using the range resolution provided by UWB pulse radar systems. In this paper a low-cost approach is presented, that is based on detection of movement by means of Doppler radar sensors. Combining three sensors working in the ISM bands at 433 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 24 GHz, the presence of persons was reliably detected and the frequency of breath and heartbeat was measured.
Conditioning the heart induces formation of signalosomes that interact with mitochondria to open mitoKATPchannels (2008)

Perfusion of the heart with bradykinin triggers cellular signaling events that ultimately cause opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels, increased H2O2 production, inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and cardioprotection. We hypothesized that the interaction of bradykinin with its receptor induces the assembly of a caveolar signaling platform (signalosome) that contains the enzymes of the signaling pathway and that migrates to mitochondria to induce mitoKATP channel opening. We developed a novel method for isolating and purifying signalosomes from Langendorff-perfused rat hearts treated with bradykinin. Fractions containing the signalosomes were found to open mitoKATP channels in mitochondria isolated from untreated hearts via the activation of mitochondrial PKC-epsilon. mitoKATP channel opening required signalosome-dependent phosphorylation of an outer membrane protein. Immunodetection analysis revealed the presence of the bradykinin B2 receptor only in the fraction isolated from bradykinin-treated hearts. Immunodetection and immunogold labeling of caveolin-3, as well as sensitivity to cholesterol depletion and resistance to Triton X-100, attested to the caveolar nature of the signalosomes. Ischemic preconditioning, ischemic postconditioning, and perfusion with ouabain also led to active signalosome fractions that opened mitoKATP channels in mitochondria from untreated hearts. These results provide initial support for a novel mechanism for signal transmission from a plasma membrane receptor to mitoKATP channels.
Skin Autofluorescence Is a Strong Predictor of Cardiac Mortality in Diabetes (2006)

Skin autofluorescence is strongly related to cumulative metabolic burden. Skin autofluorescence seems strongly associated with cardiac mortality and may provide important clinical information for risk assessment.
Comparison of bone ingrowth into cobalt chrome sphere and titanium fiber mesh porous coated cementless canine acetabular components (1993)

Bone ingrowth into uncemented hemispherical canine acetabular components porous-coated with cobalt chrome spheres was compared to those porous-coated with titanium fiber mesh. While good bone ingrowth was noted in both types of porous coatings at 6 weeks after surgery with no difference in the histologic quality of the ingrown bone, quantitation of bone ingrowth showed that significantly more bone grew into titanium fiber mesh porous-coated components. The mean amount of bone ingrowth measured 10.5% of the area of the porous coating with fiber mesh coatings and only 5.5% of the area of the porous coating with spherical coatings (significant difference at P < .0005). The mean area density of the ingrown bone inside the pores measured 21.5% of the pore area with fiber mesh coatings, also significantly greater than 13.4% of the pore area with sphere coatings (P < .025). The ingrown bone penetrated a mean 66% of the depth of the porous layer with fiber mesh coatings compared to 32% of the depth of the porous layer with spherical coating (significant difference at P < .0005). The mean extent of the periphery of the porous layer with bone ingrowth was 88% for the mesh coatings and 55% for the spherical coatings (also a significant difference at P < .01).
Measurement of the Subarachnoid Pressure of the Optic Nerve in Human Subjects. (1996)

Liu, D.; Michon, J.Editor(s): Arterberry, Joe F. M.D., F.A.C.S., Editor Author Information
Airway epithelial CFTR mRNA expression in cystic fibrosis patients after repetitive administration of a recombinant adenovirus (1999)

We sought to evaluate the ability of an E1(-), E3(-) adenovirus (Ad) vector (Ad(GV)CFTR.10) to transfer the normal human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to the airway epithelium of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We administered Ad(GV)CFTR.10 at doses of 3 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(9) plaque-forming units over 9 months by endobronchial spray to 7 pairs of individuals with CF. Each 3-month cycle, we measured vector-derived versus endogenous CFTR mRNA in airway epithelial cells prior to therapy, as well as 3 and 30 days after therapy. The data demonstrate that (a) this strategy appears to be safe; (b) after the first administration, vector-derived CFTR cDNA expression in the CF airway epithelium is dose-dependent, with greater than 5% endogenous CFTR mRNA levels at the higher vector doses; (c) expression is transient, lasting less than 30 days; (d) expression can be achieved with a second administration, but only at intermediate doses, and no expression is observed with the third administration; and (e) the progressive lack of expression with repetitive administration does not closely correlate with induction of systemic anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies. The major advantage of an Ad vector is that it can deliver sufficient levels of CFTR cDNA to the airway epithelium so that CFTR expression protects the lungs from the respiratory manifestations of CF. However, this impressive level of expression is linked to the challenging fact that expression is limited in time. Although this can be initially overcome by repetitive administration, unknown mechanisms eventually limit this strategy, and further repetitive administration does not lead to repetitive expression.
Anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor treatment augments tumor radiation response under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. (2000)

Recent studies in experimental animals have shown that combining antiangiogenic therapy with radiation can enhance tumor response. Whether this enhancement is mainly attributable to angiogenesis inhibition, endothelial cell radiosensitivity, tumor cell apoptosis, or a decrease in the number of hypoxic cells (improved oxygenation) is not known. We designed this study to discern the role of tumor oxygenation. We chose an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) which has a known target, human VEGF. We also measured interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) to test the hypothesis that the decreased vascular permeability induced by the anti-VEGF mAb can lower IFP. The effect of anti-VEGF mAb on vascular density, partial oxygen tension (pO2), and apoptosis was also measured. Athymic NCr/Sed nu/nu mice bearing 6-mm xenograft of the human glioblastoma multiforme (U87), or colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T) were treated with anti-VEGF mAb injected i.p. on alternate days for a total of six injections at a dosage of 100 microg/injection/mouse. For combined anti-VEGF and radiation, single radiation doses were given under normal blood flow (20 and 30 Gy) or clamped hypoxic conditions (30 and 40 Gy) 24 h after the sixth injection of mAb. The inhibition of the growth of U87 and LS174T tumors by the anti-VEGF mAb was associated with a significant reduction in tumor vascular density and a relatively small increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Compared with size-matched controls, IFP decreased by 74% in LS174T, and 73% in U87 in mice treated with anti-VEGF mAb. After antibody treatment PO2 increased significantly in U87, but did not change in LS174T tumors. Combined treatment induced in U87 tumors a tumor-growth delay (TGD) which was greater than additive; in LS174T except for the 40-Gy hypoxic group, the effect was only additive. In both U87 and LS174T the TGD induced by the antibody was independent of oxygen levels in the tumor at the time of radiation. The fact that the increase in TGD occurred under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions suggests that anti-VEGF mAb treatment can compensate for the resistance to radiation induced by hypoxia.
An HTTP-Based Infrastructure for Mobile Agents (1995)

Mobile agents are an emerging technology attracting interest from the fields of distributed systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and artificial intelligence. We present an infrastructure for mobile agents based on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which provides for agent mobility across heterogeneous networks as well as communications among agents. Our infrastructure supports the implementation and interoperation of agents written in various languages and takes advantage of current research in HTTP and the World Wide Web in general.
Mechanism of the antibiotic action pyocyanine (1980)

Exposure of Escherichia coli growing in a rich medium to pyocyanine resulted in increased intracellular levels of superoxide dismutase and of catalase. When these adaptive enzyme syntheses were prevented by nutritional paucity, the toxic action of pyocyanine was augmented. The antibiotic action of pyocyanine was dependent upon oxygen and was diminished by superoxide dismutase and by catalase, added to the suspending medium. Pyocyanine slightly augmented the respiration of E. coli suspended in a rich medium, but greatly increased the cyanide-resistant respiration. Pyocyanine was able to cause the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, with O2- production, in the absence of enzymatic catalysis. It is concluded that pyocyanine diverts electron flow and thus increases the production of O2- and H2O2 and that the antibiotic action of this pigment is largely a reflection of the toxicity of these products of oxygen reduction.
Mitochondrial activity and heat-shock response during morphogenesis in the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum (1992)

Changes in temperature and a variety of other stimuli coordinately induce transcription of a specific set of heat-shock genes in all organisms. In the human fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum, a temperature shift from 25 to 37 degrees C acts not only as a signal that causes transcription of heat-shock genes, but also triggers a morphological mycelium- to yeast-phase transition. The temperature-induced morphological transition may be viewed as a heat-shock response followed by cellular adaptation to a higher temperature. We have found that by inducing thermotolerance, i.e., an initial incubation at 34 degrees C, the thermosensitive attenuated Downs strain of H. capsulatum can be made to resemble those of the more temperature-tolerant G222B strain with respect to mitochondrial ATPase activity and electron transport efficiency at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, if the heat-shock response is first elicited by preincubation at milder temperatures or stress, transcription of heat-shock mRNA in mycelial cells of Downs strain that shifted to 37 degrees C proceeds at rates comparable to those of the virulent strains.
Submilliwatt, ultrafast and broadband electro-optic silicon switches (2010)

We present a broadband 2x2 electro-optic silicon switch with an ultralow switching power and fast switching time based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). Forward-biased p-i-n junctions are employed to tune the phase of silicon waveguides in the MZI, to achieve a π-phase switching power of 0.6 mW with a drive voltage 0.83 V with a MZI arm length of 4 mm. The 10%-90% switching time is demonstrated to be 6 ns. Optical crosstalk levels lower than -17 dB are obtained for an optical bandwidth of 60 nm. The free carrier induced silicon refractive index change is extracted from the experimental results for the concentration range from 10(16) to 10(17) cm(-3). We find that at the concentration of 10(16) cm(-3), the index change is about twice that calculated by the commonly used index change equation.