gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating photo manipulation tutorials by demonstration (2009)

We present a demonstration-based system for automatically generating succinct step-by-step visual tutorials of photo manipulations. An author first demonstrates the manipulation using an instrumented version of GIMP that records all changes in interface and application state. From the example recording, our system automatically generates tutorials that illustrate the manipulation using images, text, and annotations. It leverages automated image labeling (recognition of facial features and outdoor scene structures in our implementation) to generate more precise text descriptions of many of the steps in the tutorials. A user study comparing our automatically generated tutorials to hand-designed tutorials and screen-capture video recordings finds that users are 20--44% faster and make 60--95% fewer errors using our tutorials. While our system focuses on tutorial generation, we also present some initial work on generating content-dependent macros that use image recognition to automatically transfer selection operations from the example image used in the demonstration to new target images. While our macros are limited to transferring selection operations we demonstrate automatic transfer of several common retouching techniques including eye recoloring, whitening teeth and sunset enhancement.
Survival Characteristics and Age-Adjusted Disease Incidences in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a Commonly Used Cereal-Based Diet Modulated by Dietary Restriction (2002)

Studies of C57BL/6 mice are often restricted to one sex, with limited characterization of pathology as a function of age. As part of the National Institute on Aging/National Center for Toxicological Research Collaboration on Biomarkers, over 3000 males and 1500 females of this strain were raised, maintained, and used to evaluate longevity under specific pathogen-free conditions. A diet commonly used in testing the impact of agents was fed ad libitum or was restricted to 60% of normal consumption, starting when the mice were 14-16 weeks of age. Cardiac, renal, and central nervous system pathologies were significantly inhibited by dietary restriction (DR), as were bone degeneration, inflammation, hyperplasia, amyloid induction, and atrophy of secretory organs. Hematological disorders and tumors were among the most common problem in this strain, and they were ameliorated by DR. In males, for other neoplasms, adrenal adenomas, liver tumors, and hemangiomas combined with hemangiosarcomas were decreased by DR, variably in onset and progression. In females, DR decreased pituitary tumors, mammary tumors, and alveolar carcinomas, again variably in onset and progression.
The GNSS integer ambiguities: estimation and validation (2005)

It was in the beginning of the nineties that the first major steps for solving the problem of GPS integer ambiguity resolution were made. Ten years later part of the problem could be considered solved, as efficient algorithms were available for the estimation of the integer ambiguities with the highest possible success rate. However, as a geodesist one cannot be content with this result, since parameter resolution means estimation and validation. The latter problem turned out to be very complex due to the non-standard distributions of the parameters involved.
Approximate representations of random intervals for hybrid uncertainty quantification in engineering modeling (2024)

We review our approach to the representation and propagation of hybrid uncertainties through high-complexity models, based on quantities known as random intervals. These structures have a variety of mathematical descriptions, for example as interval-valued random variables, statistical collections of intervals, or Dempster-Shafer bodies of evidence on the Borel field. But methods which provide simpler, albeit approximate, representations of random intervals are highly desirable, including p-boxes and traces. Each random interval, through its cumulative belief and plausibility measures functions, generates a unique p-box whose constituent CDFs are all of those consistent with the random interval. In turn, each p-box generates an equivalence class of random intervals consistent with it. Then, each p-box necessarily generates a unique trace which stands as the fuzzy set representation of the p-box or random interval. In turn each trace generates an equivalence class of p-boxes. The heart of our approach is to try to understand the tradeoffs between error and simplicity introduced when p-boxes or traces are used to stand in for various random interval operations. For example, Joslyn has argued that for elicitation and representation tasks, traces can be the most appropriate structure, and has proposed a method for the generation of canonical random intervals from elicited traces. But alternatively, models built as algebraic equations of uncertainty-valued variables (in our case, random-interval-valued) propagate uncertainty through convolution operations on basic algebraic expressions, and while convolution operations are defined on all three structures, we have observed that the results of only some of these operations are preserved as one moves through these three levels of specificity. We report on the status and progress of this modeling approach concerning the relations between these mathematical structures within this overall framework.
Prevention of Fatal Arrhythmias in High-Risk Subjects by Fish Oil n-3 Fatty Acid Intake (2005)

Although significance was not achieved for the primary end point, this study provides evidence that for individuals at high risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias, regular daily ingestion of fish oil fatty acids may significantly reduce potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias.
The Web Never Forgets (2014)

We present the first large-scale studies of three advanced web tracking mechanisms - canvas fingerprinting, evercookies and use of "cookie syncing" in conjunction with evercookies. Canvas fingerprinting, a recently developed form of browser fingerprinting, has not previously been reported in the wild; our results show that over 5% of the top 100,000 websites employ it. We then present the first automated study of evercookies and respawning and the discovery of a new evercookie vector, IndexedDB. Turning to cookie syncing, we present novel techniques for detection and analysing ID flows and we quantify the amplification of privacy-intrusive tracking practices due to cookie syncing.
Effect of substitutional defects on Kambersky damping in L1 magnetic materials (2015)

Kambersky damping, representing the loss of magnetic energy from the electrons to the lattice through the spin orbit interaction, is calculated for L10 FePt, FePd, CoPt, and CoPd alloys versus chemical degree of order. When more substitutional defects exist in the alloys, damping is predicted to increase due to the increase of the spin-flip channels allowed by the broken symmetry. It is demonstrated that this corresponds to an enhanced density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level, owing to the rounding of the DOS with loss of long-range order. Both the damping and the DOS of the Co-based alloy are found to be less affected by the disorder. Pd-based alloys are predicted to have lower damping than Pt-based alloys, making them more suitable for high density spintronic applications.
Characterization of Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 planar lightwave circuits and ring resonators (2004)

The large refractive index contrast between silicon nitride and silicon dioxide allows silicon nitride/dioxide planar waveguides to have a small mode size and low radiation bending loss compared with doped silicon dioxide waveguides. Small waveguide bend with low radiation loss can help make small integrated planar lightwave circuits (PLCs), and also high-Q waveguide ring resonators. This presentation will talk about the design, fabrication and characterization of low loss silicon nitride/dioxide planar waveguide devices including waveguide bend, waveguide cross, and leaky mode waveguide polarizer. The key contribution of this work is the use of the lateral mode interference (LMI) 3dB splitter to accurately measure the loss of the planar lightwave circuit devices. We will also talk about the waveguide ring resonators with silicon nitride/dioxide materials. The application for photonic biochemical sensors will also be discussed.
Genetic alterations in human gastrointestinal cancers. The application to molecular diagnosis (1995)

Gastrointestinal cancers involve genetic alterations in multiple oncogenes, multiple tumor suppressor genes, and multiple DNA repair genes. However, common and different genetic changes are observed in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas, respectively. Inactivation of the p53 gene and expression of CD44 abnormal transcripts are common events that serve as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis. Gene amplification of cyclin D is found preferentially in esophageal cancer, whereas gene amplification of cyclin E and c-met is frequently associated with gastric cancer. Mutations of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes also occur in esophageal and gastric cancers. However, the scenario of multiple gene changes differs depending on the two histologic types of gastric cancer, because they may have different genetic pathways. Interestingly, the frequency of genetic instability is also quite different between the two types of gastric cancer. A new strategy of molecular diagnosis for gastrointestinal cancers, which started as routine work at Hiroshima City Medical Association Clinical Laboratory last August, may provide a new approach to cancer diagnosis for the next decade.
Light field compression using disparity-compensated lifting and shape adaptation (2006)

We propose disparity-compensated lifting for wavelet compression of light fields. With this approach, we obtain the benefits of wavelet coding, such as scalability in all dimensions, as well as superior compression performance. Additionally, the proposed approach solves the irreversibility limitations of previous light field wavelet coding approaches, using the lifting structure. Our scheme incorporates disparity compensation into the lifting structure for the transform across the views in the light field data set. Another transform is performed to exploit the coherence among neighboring pixels, followed by a modified SPIHT coder and rate-distortion optimized bitstream assembly. A view-sequencing algorithm is developed to organize the views for encoding. For light fields of an object, we propose to use shape adaptation to improve the compression efficiency and visual quality of the images. The necessary shape information is efficiently coded based on prediction from the existing geometry model. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme exhibits superior compression performance over existing light field compression techniques.
Studies on modification of polyester fabrics I: Alkaline hydrolysis (1987)

Hydrolysis of polyester fabrics with sodium hydroxide has been studied with a view to imparting hydrophilicity and other comfort-related properties to polyester textiles. Effect of reaction parameters such as treatment time concentration of alkali, and temperature on the extent of hydrolysis is examined and the modified fabrics are evaluated for their important physical, mechanical, and physicochemical properties. The mechanism of hydrolytic degradation of polyester fabrics, as determined by the weight loss, has also been ascertained. Alkali progressively degrades polyester by saponification of its ester linkages and results in a loss in weight of the fabric. Weight loss increases linearly with treatment time and nonlinearly with alkali concentration and reaction temperature. A Linear correlation exists between strength loss of the fabric and its weight loss. By alkaline hydrolysis, surface hydrophilicity and feel of the fabric are considerably improved, whereas such properties as moisture regain, crease recovery angle, etc., remain practically unchanged. Attempts have been made to explain the results in terms of modifications in the surface characteristics of polyester fabrics.
Characterization of a catalytically self-sufficient 119,000-dalton cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase induced by barbiturates in Bacillus megaterium. (1986)

A unique cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 is strongly induced by phenobarbital (Narhi, L. O., and Fulco, A. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2147-2150) and many other barbiturates (Kim, B.-H., and Fulco, A. J. (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116, 843-850). This monooxygenase has now been purified to homogeneity from pentobarbital-induced bacteria as a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 119,000 +/- 5,000 daltons. In the presence of NADPH and O2, it can catalyze the oxygenation of long chain fatty acids without the aid of any other protein. The enzyme has a catalytic center activity of 4,600 nmol of fatty acid oxygenated per nmol of P-450 (the highest activity yet reported for a P-450-dependent monooxygenase) and also functions as a highly active cytochrome c reductase in the presence of NADPH. The purified holoenzyme is a soluble protein containing 40 mol % hydrophobic amino acid residues and 1 mol each of FAD and FMN/mol of heme. It is isolated and purified in the low spin form but is converted to the high spin form in the presence of long chain fatty acids. The enzyme, which catalyzes the omega-2 hydroxylation of saturated fatty acids and the hydroxylation and epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids has its highest affinity (Km = 2 +/- 1 microM) for the C15 and C16 chain lengths.
Smart MoS2/Fe3O4 Nanotheranostic for Magnetically Targeted Photothermal Therapy Guided by Magnetic Resonance/Photoacoustic Imaging (2015)

The ability to selectively destroy cancer cells while sparing normal tissue is highly desirable during the cancer therapy. Here, magnetic targeted photothermal therapy was demonstrated by the integration of MoS2 (MS) flakes and Fe3O4 (IO) nanoparticles (NPs), where MoS2 converted near-infrared (NIR) light into heat and Fe3O4 NPs served as target moiety directed by external magnetic field to tumor site. The MoS2/Fe3O4 composite (MSIOs) functionalized by biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by a simple two-step hydrothermal method. And the as-obtained MSIOs exhibit high stability in bio-fluids and low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the MSIOs can be applied as a dual-modal probe for T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) imaging due to their superparamagnetic property and strong NIR absorption. Furthermore, we demonstrate an effective result for magnetically targeted photothermal ablation of cancer. All these results show a great potential for localized photothermal ablation of cancer spatially/timely guided by the magnetic field and indicated the promise of the multifunctional MSIOs for applications in cancer theranostics.
Specific epitope‐induced conversion of CD8+ memory cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro: presentation of peptide antigen by CD8+ T cells (1992)

The requirements for the conversion of CD8+ memory T cells into effector class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Kd-restricted cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in vitro have been studied. Purified CD8+ splenocytes from influenza A/WSN-primed BALB/c (H-2d) mice stimulated with a synthetic nucleoprotein peptide 147-158 R156- (NPP) alone generated Tc cells specific for influenza virus-infected target cells. No additional requirements for accessory cells or their lymphokine products were necessary indicating that peptide antigen (Ag) in association with Kd was presented on CD8+ T cells. The evidence for presentation of NPP by CD8+ T cells was supported by the use of CD8+ memory T cells from semiallogeneic bone marrow radiation chimeras of P1----F1 type (H-2b----[H-2d x H-2b]F1). Memory CD8+ splenocytes from A/WSN-immune chimeras did not develop into secondary effector Tc cells as a result of a 4-day culture with NPP alone, however, were able to do so if NPP was presented by Kd-bearing Ag-presenting cells. In addition, these results exclude the possibility of direct recognition of free NPP molecules by the specific T cell receptor of CD8+ memory T cells. CD8+ memory splenocytes (H-2b) from chimeras were also able to develop into functionally active Tc cells as a result of presentation of Db-restricted synthetic peptide (NP 366-374) with a sequence derived from influenza virus nucleoprotein with high affinity for Db MHC class I molecules. Blockade of endogenously produced interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity by anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody in the culture of CD8+ memory T cells during a 4-day NPP stimulation completely abolished Tc cell generation, indicating that the utilization of this lymphokine is absolutely required for the secondary Tc cell development. These findings demonstrate that CD8+ memory T cells per se are able to recognize the restimulating epitope as a result of its presentation by CD8+ T cells and develop into cytolytically active and highly specific Tc cells with no requirements for other cellular helper components or their lymphokine products.
Rate-distortion optimized transform for intra-frame coding (2010)

In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed for intra-frame coding, named as rate-distortion optimized transform (RDOT). Unlike existing intra-frame coding schemes where the transform matrices are either fixed or mode dependent, in the proposed algorithm, transform is implemented with multiple candidate transform matrices. With this flexibility, for coding each residual block, the encoder is endowed with the power to select the optimal transform matrix in terms of rate-distortion tradeoff. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in the latest ITU-T VCEG-KTA software. Experimental results show that, over a wide range of test set, the proposed method achieves average 0.43dB coding gain compared with the recent Mode-Dependent Directional Transform (MDDT). The improvement is more significant at high bit-rates, and up to 1dB coding gain can be achieved.
Intraoperative assessment of microsurgery with three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. (1998)

The three-dimensional, micrometer-scale, diagnostic imaging capabilities of OCT permit rapid feedback for assessment of microsurgical procedures. OCT technology can be readily integrated with surgical microscopes and has potential for intraoperative monitoring to improve patient outcome.
Dynamic Changes in the Expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases During Preimplantation Mouse Development: Semi-Quantification by Real-Time PCR (2003)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) expression was examined in preimplantation mouse embryos. We previously reported that SHP-2, LAR, PTPT9, SHP-1, and mRPTPB were expressed in preimplantation mouse embryos. Here, we examined changes in the expression levels of these PTPs during preimplantation development. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription of embryo mRNA, amplified with 10 PCR cycles, and then subjected to real-time fluorescence-monitored PCR. Experiments with an mRNA dilution series revealed that the data obtained matched the quantities of mRNA used. The measurements obtained with real-time fluorescence-monitored PCR showed that the expression of each PTP mRNA changed dynamically, and that each had a different expression pattern. This suggests that PTPs are involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation during preimplantation development.
Etherification of glycerol with ethanol over solid acid catalysts (2009)

Different types of acidic heterogeneous catalysts, including sulfonic resins, zeolites and grafted silicas are used for the synthesis of mono-ethers of glycerol using ethanol as the alcohol. The study shows that the performances of the catalysts are governed by both the acidity and the polarity of their surface. Materials with strong hydrophobic character are not active as they do not allow the adsorption of the glycerol. On the other hand a strong adsorption of glycerol on the polar surfaces leads to low activity as well. The best compromise has been found by using sulfonic-acid polystyrene resins of the Amberlyst family and zeolites with intermediate aluminium contents.
KPNA2 is a nuclear export protein that contributes to aberrant localisation of key proteins and poor prognosis of breast cancer (2015)

This study provides further evidence for the complexity of DDR mechanism in BC, and that KNPA2 has a role in the aberrant subcellular localisation of DDR proteins with subsequent impaired function.
Detection of glutamate/glutamine resonances by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 0.5 tesla (1997)

Midfield proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a noninvasive method to monitor glutamate and glutamine (Glx) levels in vivo. Experiments to detect the gamma and beta resonances of Glx have been performed by using commercial 0.5 T and 1.5 T MR scanners on seven patients with elevated blood ammonia and eight normal volunteers. Compared with the spectral sensitivity obtained on an otherwise identical system operating at 1.5 T, the singlet resonance of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was decreased by a factor of 1.48, which is significantly less than expected using the ratio of Boltzman populations at the two field strengths. However, the resonances of Glx at 0.5 T increased in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 2. The increased SNR of Glx is principally due to improved B0 main-field homogeneity and collapse of the strongly J-coupled Glx resonances. Our preliminary results suggest that midfield proton MRS will provide significant clinical utility in the detection of Glx levels in human brain.
HTML: The Definitive Guide (1996)

HTML is changing so fast it's almost impossible to keep up with developments. How do you know what's real, and how do you use it? The third edition of HTML: The Definitive Guide brings it all together for you. It is the most comprehensive book available on HTML today. It covers Netscape Navigator 4.5, Internet Explorer 4.0, HTML, JavaScript, Style sheets, Layers, and all of the features supported by the popular Web browsers. Learning HTML is like learning any new language, computer or human. Most students first immerse themselves in examples. Studying others is a natural way to learn, making learning easy and fun. Imitation can take you only so far, though. It's as easy to learn bad habits through imitation as it is to acquire good ones. The better way to become HTML-fluent is through a comprehensive reference that covers the language syntax, semantics, and variations in detail and that helps you distinguish between good and bad usage. HTML: The Definitive Guide, 3rd Edition helps you both ways: the authors cover every element of HTML in detail, explaining how each element works and how it interacts with other elements. Many hints about HTML style help you write documents ranging from simple online documentation to complex marketing and sales presentations. With hundreds of examples, the book gives you models for writing your own effective Web pages and for mastering advanced features, like style sheets and frames. HTML: The Definitive Guide, 3rd Edition shows you how to: Use style sheets and layers to control a document's appearance Create tables, from simple to complex Use frames to coordinate sets of documents Design and build interactive forms and dynamic documents Insert images, sound files, video, Java applets, and JavaScript programs Create documents that look good on a variety of browsers Use new features to support multiple languages A handy quick reference card listing HTML tags is included.