gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of human adenosine deaminase using a transmissable murine retrovirus vector system. (1985)

Human adenosine deaminase (ADA; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) was expressed at high levels in cultured mouse cells using a transmissable murine retrovirus vector system. A cDNA clone encoding ADA has been inserted into a plasmid vector containing retroviral transcription and packaging signals as well as a selectable gene for G418 resistance. The constructions were transfected into psi 2 cells, which package the recombinant retroviral genomes into replication-defective virus particles. Isoenzyme analysis for ADA in G418-selected psi 2 cells showed at least 20-fold more human ADA activity than endogenous mouse ADA activity. A mouse T-cell lymphoma line, BL/VL3, was cocultured with transformed psi 2 cells producing human ADA, and some of the cocultured cells were selected for resistance to G418. Both G418-selected and unselected cocultured cells expressed human ADA activity at 25%-50% the level of the endogenous enzyme. Thus, efficient retroviral transduction of ADA expression was obtained.
Nfe2l3 (Nrf3) deficiency predisposes mice to T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (2010)

We have previously generated mice deficient for Nfe213 (NF-E2 p45 related factor 3 or Nrf3), a member of the cap 'n' collar family of basic-leucine zipper transcription factors. To examine whether Nrf3 is involved in chemical-induced carcinogenesis, we exposed the mice to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogen found in cigarette smoke. Contrary to wild-type mice, Nrf3-null animals are highly susceptible to B[a]P, exhibiting significantly increased mortality. Pathology analysis of affected tissue sections revealed a high incidence of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in B[a]P-treated Nrf3(-/-) mice. Lymphoblastic lymphoma occasionally metastasized into the lung as demonstrated by perivascular malignant lymphocytic infiltration. Together, our studies show that the absence of Nrf3 predisposes mice to lymphoma development, suggesting a protective role of this transcription factor in hematopoietic malignancies. Our data demonstrate the first in vivo function of Nrf3 and its link to tumor development. Nrf3-deficient mice may serve as a preclinical mouse model to study carcinogen-induced lymphomagenesis.
Nucleic acid hybridization (1998)

Hybridization probe labelling and detection methods solution hybridization nucleic acid filter hybridization gene mapping by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) specialized techniques for in situ hybridization.
Block Copolymer Lithography: Periodic Arrays of ~10 11 Holes in 1 Square Centimeter (1997)

Dense periodic arrays of holes and dots have been fabricated in a silicon nitride–coated silicon wafer. The holes are 20 nanometers across, 40 nanometers apart, and hexagonally ordered with a polygrain structure that has an average grain size of 10 by 10. Spin-coated diblock copolymer thin films with well-ordered spherical or cylindrical microdomains were used as the templates. The microdomain patterns were transferred directly to the underlying silicon nitride layer by two complementary techniques that resulted in opposite tones of the patterns. This process opens a route for nanometer-scale surface patterning by means of spontaneous self-assembly in synthetic materials on length scales that are difficult to obtain by standard semiconductor lithography techniques.
Nucleotide sequence and promoter mapping of the Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin operon of bacteriophage H-19B (1987)

We determined the nucleotide sequence of the Shiga-like toxin-1 (SLT-1) genes carried by the toxin-converting bacteriophage H-19B. Two open reading frames were identified; these were separated by 12 base pairs and encoded proteins of 315 (A subunit) and 89 (B subunit) amino acids. The predicted protein subunits had N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequences of 22 and 20 amino acids, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of the B subunit was identical to that of the B subunit of Shiga toxin. The A chain of ricin was found to be significantly related to the predicted A1 fragment of the SLT-1 A subunit. S1 nuclease protection experiments showed that the two cistrons formed a single transcriptional unit, with the A subunit being proximal to the promoter. A probable promoter was identified by primer extension, and transcription was found to increase dramatically under conditions of iron starvation. A 21-base-pair sequence with dyad symmetry was found in the region of the SLT-1 -10 sequence, which was found to be 68% homologous to a region of dyad symmetry found in the -35 region of the promoter of the iucA gene on plasmid ColV-K30, which specifies the 74,000-dalton ferric-aerobactin receptor protein. Betley et al. (M. Betley, V. Miller, and J. Mekalanos, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 40:577-605, 1986) have recently summarized evidence suggesting that the slt operon is under the control of the fur regulatory system. The area of dyad symmetry found in both promoters may represent a regulatory site. A rho-independent terminator sequence was found 230 base pairs downstream from the B cistron stop codon.
Phase-based video motion processing (2013)

We introduce a technique to manipulate small movements in videos based on an analysis of motion in complex-valued image pyramids. Phase variations of the coefficients of a complex-valued steerable pyramid over time correspond to motion, and can be temporally processed and amplified to reveal imperceptible motions, or attenuated to remove distracting changes. This processing does not involve the computation of optical flow, and in comparison to the previous Eulerian Video Magnification method it supports larger amplification factors and is significantly less sensitive to noise. These improved capabilities broaden the set of applications for motion processing in videos. We demonstrate the advantages of this approach on synthetic and natural video sequences, and explore applications in scientific analysis, visualization and video enhancement.
Tumor Angiogenesis (2008)

The dependency of the growth of tumors on blood vessels, once considered a doubtful proposition, has become a major avenue of research and drug development. This review discusses the results of recent investigations into tumor angiogenesis and surveys the mechanisms of action of antibodies and drugs that inhibit angiogenesis.
The diagnostic potential of breath analysis. (1983)

Journal Article The diagnostic potential of breath analysis. Get access A Manolis A Manolis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 January 1983, Pages 5–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.1.5 Published: 01 January 1983
IL-15 Interferes With Suppressive Activity of Intestinal Regulatory T Cells Expanded in Celiac Disease (2011)

These data suggest that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells are induced in situ by gliadin. However, their suppressor capacity might be impaired in vivo by IL-15; this phenomenon contributes to maintain and expand the local inflammatory response in CD.
Efficacy and safety of the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders (2011)

Several clinical trials and experimental studies strongly suggest a place for Saccharomyces boulardii as a biotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases. S. boulardii mediates responses resembling the protective effects of the normal healthy gut flora. The multiple mechanisms of action of S. boulardii and its properties may explain its efficacy and beneficial effects in acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases that have been confirmed by clinical trials. Caution should be taken in patients with risk factors for adverse events. This review discusses the evidence for efficacy and safety of S. boulardii as a probiotic for the prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in humans.
The Efficacy of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children as a Function of Time Postvaccination (2010)

For matched strains, data suggest that the relative efficacy of LAIV versus TIV in young children increases over time. Consistent with previous studies of TIV-induced immunity, this analysis suggests that the absolute efficacy of TIV against matched strains in children may be lower at >4 to 8 versus 0 to 4 months postvaccination. Relative efficacy against mismatched strains was similar over time, consistent with previous estimates of the absolute efficacies of the vaccines against mismatched strains. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to characterize the duration of protection provided by TIV in children.
Electrokinetic Instability Micromixing (2001)

We have developed an electrokinetic process to rapidly stir micro- and nanoliter volume solutions for microfluidic bioanalytical applications. We rapidly stir microflow streams by initiating a flow instability, which we have observed in sinusoidally oscillating, electroosmotic channel flows. As the effect occurs within an oscillating electroosmotic flow, we refer to it here as an electrokinetic instability (EKI). The rapid stretching and folding of material lines associated with this instability can be used to stir fluid streams with Reynolds numbers of order unity, based on channel depth and rms electroosmotic velocity. This paper presents a preliminary description of the EKI and the design and fabrication of two micromixing devices capable of rapidly stirring two fluid streams using this flow phenomenon. A high-resolution CCD camera is used to record the stirring and diffusion of fluorescein from an initially unmixed configuration. Integration of fluorescence intensity over measurement volumes (voxels) provides a measure of the degree to which two streams are mixed to within the length scales of the voxels. Ensemble-averaged probability density functions and power spectra of the instantaneous spatial intensity profiles are used to quantify the mixing processes. Two-dimensional spectral bandwidths of the mixing images are initially anisotropic for the unmixed configuration, broaden as the stirring associated with the EKI rapidly stretches and folds material lines (adding high spatial frequencies to the concentration field), and then narrow to a relatively isotropic spectrum at the well-mixed conditions.
1.2-kW single-mode fiber laser based on 100-W high-brightness pump diodes (2012)

We have demonstrated a monolithic (fully fused), 1.2-kW, Yb-doped fiber laser with near-single-mode beam quality. This laser employs a new generation of high-brightness, fiber-coupled pump sources based on spatially multiplexed single emitters, with each pump providing 100 W at 915 nm within 0.15 NA from a standard 105/125 &mu;m fiber. The fiber laser is end pumped through the high-reflector FBG using a 19:1 fused-fiber pump combiner, eliminating the need for pump/signal combiners. The output wavelength is 1080 nm, with a linewidth of &lt; 0.5 nm FWHM. A peak power of 1.5 kW was reached in modulated operation (1-ms pulse duration) with M<sup>2</sup> &lt; 1.2.
The quality of working life for allied health professionals in an HMO. (1985)

Two hundred seventy-six allied health professionals were surveyed about their levels of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and job tension in order to assess the quality of working life in a large west coast health maintenance organization. The results suggest that this HMO contributed slightly to these allied health professionals' level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Job tension did not appear to be excessive in the HMO. Personal characteristics and facts relating to an allied health professional's environment did not surface as major predictors of the quality of working life for this sample. The implications of these findings for allied health professionals and HMOs are presented.
β2-Glycoprotein I Promotes the Binding of Anionic Phospholipid Vesicles by Macrophages (1999)

Beta(2)-Glycoprotein I is a single-chain 50-kDa protein that circulates in plasma at a concentration of approximately 200 microg/mL. Its physiological role remains uncertain, but an important clue is the frequent presence of antibodies to this protein in patients with recurrent thrombosis. We have isolated beta(2)-glycoprotein I and examined its effect on the binding of phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles by human monocyte-derived macrophages and by phorbol ester-stimulated THP-1 cells. beta(2)-Glycoprotein I stimulated the binding of PS vesicles by these cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Vesicles containing other anionic phospholipids, such as cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, or cardiolipin, inhibited the binding, whereas PC vesicles had no effect. Platelet-derived microvesicles, which contain anionic phospholipid on the outer leaflet of their phospholipid bilayer, also inhibited beta(2)-glycoprotein I-dependent binding of anionic phospholipid vesicles. The binding is associated with incorporation of phospholipid in the cell membrane and internalization of beta(2)-glycoprotein I. These findings suggest a physiological function for beta(2)-glycoprotein I in the clearance of procoagulant anionic phospholipid-containing cell surfaces from the circulation.
Nicotine Addiction (2010)

Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable disease and premature death in the United States and other countries.On average, 435,000 people in the United States die prematurely from smoking-related diseases each year; overall, smoking causes 1 in 5 deaths.The chance that a lifelong smoker will die prematurely from a complication of smoking is approximately 50%. 1 Tobacco use is a major cause of death from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease.Cigarette smoking is also a risk factor for respiratory tract and other infections, osteoporosis, reproductive disorders, adverse postoperative events and delayed wound healing, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and diabetes.In addition, smoking has a strong association with fire-related and trauma-related injuries.Smoking-caused disease is a consequence of exposure to toxins in tobacco smoke.Although nicotine plays a minor role, if any, in causing smoking-induced diseases, addiction to nicotine is the proximate cause of these diseases.Currently, about 45 million Americans smoke tobacco.Seventy percent of smokers say they would like to quit, and every year, 40% do quit for at least 1 day. 2 Some highly addicted smokers make serious attempts to quit but are able to stop only for a few hours. 3Moreover, the 80% who attempt to quit on their own return to smoking within a month, and each year, only 3% of smokers quit successfully.Unfortunately, the rate at which persons -primarily children and adolescents -become daily smokers nearly matches the quit rate, so the prevalence of cigarette smoking has declined only very slowly in recent years. 2 This article focuses on nicotine as a determinant of addiction to tobacco and the pharmacologic effects of nicotine that sustain cigarette smoking.Tobacco addiction (like all drug addictions) involves the interplay of pharmacology, learned or conditioned factors, genetics, and social and environmental factors (including tobacco product design and marketing) 4 (Fig. 1).The pharmacologic reasons for nicotine use are enhancement of mood, either directly or through relief of withdrawal symptoms, and augmentation of mental or physical functions. BRAIN MECHANISMS NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORSInhalation of smoke from a cigarette distills nicotine from the tobacco in the cigarette.Smoke particles carry the nicotine into the lungs, where it is rapidly absorbed into the pulmonary venous circulation.The nicotine then enters the arterial circulation and moves
“Is this document relevant?…probably” (1998)

This article surveys probablistic approaches to modeling information retrieval. The basic concepts of probabilistic approaches to information retrieval are outlined and the principles and assumptions upon which the approaches are based are presented. The various models proposed in the development of IR are described, classified, and compared using a common formalism. New approaches that constitute the basis of future research are described.
Atomic layer deposited thin films for corrosion protection (1999)

The suitability of Atomic Layer Deposition for making corrosion protection coatings was examined. Thin films of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 and Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 multilayers were deposited on stainless steel substrates. The films were deposited at 150-400°C. The corrosion behaviour of the samples was studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in 3.5 wt% NaCl and 0.1 and 1 mol/l HCl solutions. Al 2 O 3 was found to protect the substrate material against corrosion for a limited time in NaCl. TiO 2 alone does not give good protection, but when combined with Al 2 O 3 in a multilayer structure better protection is achieved. Ta 2 O 5 films were tested in HCl and were found to protect the base material to some extent.
Interleukin 2 requirement for the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by thymocytes from melphalan-cured MOPC-315 tumor bearers. (1989)

We have previously shown that enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity is generated when thymocytes from melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard; L-PAM)-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers, but not thymocytes from normal mice, are added to the immunization culture of syngeneic normal spleen cells and MOPC-315 tumor cells (Bartik et al., Cancer Res., 47: 4848-4855, 1987). Here we show that normal spleen cells produce, upon stimulation with MOPC-315 tumor cells, helper-like factors which are sufficient for thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers, but not for thymocytes from normal mice, to develop antitumor cytotoxicity in response to stimulation with MOPC-315 tumor cells. Since one of the helper-like factors produced by in vitro-immunized spleen cells is interleukin 2 (IL-2), we assessed the exogenous IL-2 requirements for the development of anti-MOPC-315 cytotoxicity in thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers, relative to thymocytes from normal mice. Thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers were found to require a 10-fold lower concentration of recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) than thymocytes from normal mice in order to develop antitumor cytotoxicity in response to stimulation with MOPC-315 tumor cells. The concentration of rIL-2 required for the development of anti-MOPC-315 cytotoxicity by thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers was also 10-fold lower than the concentration of rIL-2 required by thymocytes from untreated MOPC-315 tumor bearers or thymocytes from L-PAM-treated normal mice. In addition, at any concentration of rIL-2 employed, thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers developed a higher level of anti-MOPC-315 cytotoxicity than did thymocytes from normal mice, L-PAM-treated normal mice, or untreated MOPC-315 tumor bearers. The enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity exhibited by thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers, following in vitro stimulation with MOPC-315 tumor cells plus rIL-2, was evident not only against MOPC-315 tumor cells but also against other syngeneic plasmacytomas but not an allogeneic thymoma. In addition, thymocytes from L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers required less rIL-2 than thymocytes from normal mice to develop antitumor cytotoxicity in response to stimulation with MOPC-315-associated antigens but not in response to stimulation with an allogeneic antigenically unrelated thymoma (EL4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Rapid Response Teams (2010)

Although RRTs have broad appeal, robust evidence to support their effectiveness in reducing hospital mortality is lacking.
Etude physique de l'action des oxydants sur le noir de carbone (1963)

L'étude de noirs de carbone oxydés à l'acide nitrique est faite par microscopie électronique, adsorption d'azote aux basses températures et spectroscopie infrarouge. On montre que l'attaque oxydante commence par diminuer le diamètre des particules en même temps que certaines régions sont attaquées plus rapidement que d'autres au point d'entraîner de véritables perforations visibles au microscope électronique.
Basement membrane collagen‐IV synthesis in colorectal tumours (1992)

Many studies suggest that increased proteolysis accounts for the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) breaks commonly seen in carcinomas. As failure to produce or maintain EBM may also be important, we chose to investigate synthesis of basement membrane collagen-IV in human colorectal carcinomas. First, to determine the cellular origin of EBM collagen-IV, species-specific antibodies were used to analyse caecal xenografts of 4 different human colorectal-carcinoma-derived cell lines. The results of this study suggest an exclusively stromal cell origin for EBM collagen-IV. Next, the distribution of periglandular myofibroblasts in carcinomas was examined, since in normal mucosa their location and ultrastructural features suggest that they play a role in EBM maintenance. They were generally abundant in normal mucosa and adenomas, but sparsely distributed in carcinomas, particularly at the invasive periphery where EBM collagen-IV immunostaining is most deficient. Finally, the in situ hybridization technique was used to define cell populations synthesizing collagen-IV. In normal mucosa, no collagen-IV mRNA was detected in any component, while in carcinomas, the mRNA was clearly detectable in vascular endothelial cells but not in any other cell type. Increased vascular collagen-IV production in carcinomas may be at least partly due to tumour-induced angiogenesis, since new blood-vessel formation requires the synthesis of new vascular basement membranes.
MPEG-audio draft, description as of Dec. 10, 1990-ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG11 (2002)

MPEG-Audio, otherwise known as ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG11, is in the process of standardizing wideband, high-quality audio compression algorithms. The input to the encode and output from the decode are AES-EBU data streams at any of the sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44.1 kHz, or 48 kHz. The bit rates for the encoding process are 192 kb/s, 128 kb/s, 96 kb/s, and 64 kb/s per channel, or twice that for a stereo pair. A conceptual description of the decoding algorithm is given, and some comments related to the method of encoding are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selection of Conserved Blocks from Multiple Alignments for Their Use in Phylogenetic Analysis (2000)

The use of some multiple-sequence alignments in phylogenetic analysis, particularly those that are not very well conserved, requires the elimination of poorly aligned positions and divergent regions, since they may not be homologous or may have been saturated by multiple substitutions. A computerized method that eliminates such positions and at the same time tries to minimize the loss of informative sites is presented here. The method is based on the selection of blocks of positions that fulfill a simple set of requirements with respect to the number of contiguous conserved positions, lack of gaps, and high conservation of flanking positions, making the final alignment more suitable for phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate the efficiency of this method, alignments of 10 mitochondrial proteins from several completely sequenced mitochondrial genomes belonging to diverse eukaryotes were used as examples. The percentages of removed positions were higher in the most divergent alignments. After removing divergent segments, the amino acid composition of the different sequences was more uniform, and pairwise distances became much smaller. Phylogenetic trees show that topologies can be different after removing conserved blocks, particularly when there are several poorly resolved nodes. Strong support was found for the grouping of animals and fungi but not for the position of more basal eukaryotes. The use of a computerized method such as the one presented here reduces to a certain extent the necessity of manually editing multiple alignments, makes the automation of phylogenetic analysis of large data sets feasible, and facilitates the reproduction of the final alignment by other researchers.