gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latest Trend of High Definition LED Printheads (2006)

Electrophotographic printers are used widely in offices. There are two types of the electrophotographic printers: light emitting diode (LED) printer and laser printer. The LED printer has LED printheads as light sources. In the LED printhead, LEDs are arrayed in a row in high density (LED array). The length of the LED array is equal to the printing width of the LED printer. In the LED printer, each LED in the LED array provides each light spot on a photosensitive drum to create each image spot in printings. This is of great advantage to highresolution, high-speed, and large width printings using the LED printer. We have developed successively new high definition LED printheads for higher-resolution and higher-speed printings. In this paper, first, our systematic development of the LED-array technologies will be described and then the latest results of our innovative development of the high definition LED printhead will be described in detail.
Bacteriorhodopsin can be refolded from two independently stable transmembrane helixes and the complementary five-helix fragment (1992)

This paper describes experimental tests of the hypothesis that bacteriorhodopsin (BR) can fold by the association of independently stable transmembrane helices. Peptides containing the first and second helical segments of BR were chemically synthesized. These two peptides and the complementary five-helix fragment of BR were reconstituted in three separate populations of native-lipid vesicles which were then mixed and fused to allow the fragments to interact. After addition of retinal, absorption spectroscopy of the reconstituted BR and X-ray diffraction of two-dimensional crystals of this material showed that the native structure of BR was regenerated. The first two helices of BR can therefore be considered as independent folding domains, and covalent connections in the loops connecting the helices to each other and to the rest of the molecule are not essential for the appropriate association of the helices.
Self-Organization of Large Gold Nanoparticle Arrays (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Organization of Large Gold Nanoparticle ArraysBeomseok Kim, Steven L. Tripp, and Alexander WeiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 1393 Brown Building, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 32, 7955–7956Publication Date (Web):July 18, 2001Publication History Received18 April 2001Revised6 July 2001Published online18 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0160344https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0160344rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3829Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Surfactants,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Potent and broad neutralization of HIV-1 by a llama antibody elicited by immunization (2012)

Llamas (Lama glama) naturally produce heavy chain-only antibodies (Abs) in addition to conventional Abs. The variable regions (VHH) in these heavy chain-only Abs demonstrate comparable affinity and specificity for antigens to conventional immunoglobulins despite their much smaller size. To date, immunizations in humans and animal models have yielded only Abs with limited ability to neutralize HIV-1. In this study, a VHH phagemid library generated from a llama that was multiply immunized with recombinant trimeric HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs) was screened directly for HIV-1 neutralization. One VHH, L8CJ3 (J3), neutralized 96 of 100 tested HIV-1 strains, encompassing subtypes A, B, C, D, BC, AE, AG, AC, ACD, CD, and G. J3 also potently neutralized chimeric simian-HIV strains with HIV subtypes B and C Env. The sequence of J3 is highly divergent from previous anti-HIV-1 VHH and its own germline sequence. J3 achieves broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 via interaction with the CD4-binding site of HIV-1 Env. This study may represent a new benchmark for immunogens to be included in B cell-based vaccines and supports the development of VHH as anti-HIV-1 microbicides.
Hepatocyte growth factor is involved in formation of osteoclast‐like cells mediated by clonal stromal cells (MC3T3‐G2/PA6) (1995)

Osteoclast formation from hemopoietic precursors has been shown to require the support of stromal cells in bone tissue. In this study, we demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is one of the stromal cell-derived molecules responsible for osteoclast-like cell formation. For our experiments, we used a coculture system for osteoclastic cell formation and activation in which hemopoietic blast cells are cocultured with calvaria-derived stromal MC3T3-G2/PA6 (PA6) cells on dentine slices in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Addition of anti-HGF neutralizing IgG to the cocultures inhibited the formation of osteoclastic cells and their dentine-resorbing activity. We detected a single 6.0-kb transcript for HGF in PA6 cells, and also recognized immunoreactive M(r) 81,000 and 88,000 forms of HGF in conditioned medium (CM) from PA6 cell cultures, the level of which reached 6 ng/ml. Both the CM and HGF stimulated the proliferation of blast cells synergistically with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, resulting in an increased number of osteoclast precursors that respond to 1,25(OH)2D3 that are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleate cells in stromal cell-free blast cell cultures in plastic wells. The effect of the CM was diminished by the addition of anti-HGF IgG. However, neither the CM nor HGF stimulated the formation of osteoclastic cells and pits on dentine slices in the absence of PA6 cells. These results suggest that although HGF cannot completely replace stromal cells, it is one of the paracrine mediators produced by stromal cells that act on proliferation of osteoclastic cell precursors.
Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cell Lines Originating from the Peripheral Blood of Green Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Swine (2006)

Multipotent self-renewing stem cell lines have been established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adult green fluorescent protein transgenic swine. These cells proliferate as nonadherent spheroids in primordial-specific culture media and readily differentiate into angiogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic phenotypes when cultured under the appropriate conditions. These cells are designated peripheral blood-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (PBD-MAPCs). When differentiated in endothelial-specific media, these cells exhibit a cobblestone morphology and express von Willebrand factor (vWF), take up 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarboxyanine-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein DiI-Ac-LDL, and form tubes with lumens when grown on pads of Matrigel. Under different culture conditions, the cells appear whorl-like in appearance and express alpha-actin, indicative of smooth muscle phenotype. In the presence of dexamethasone and ascorbic acid, PBD-MAPCs differentiate into cells that produce Alizarin Red-staining extracellular mineral, consistent with an osteogenic potential. Under different conditions the cells produce Oil Red O-staining lipid vacuoles, suggestive of an adipocyte phenotype. We have also developed conditions that induce PBDMAPCs to differentiate into neural cells, confirmed by the expression of specific neuron- and glial-specific markers. Upon transplantation into rat brain, the neurogenic cells survive and migrate throughout the striatum and corpus callosum. The cells remain brightly fluorescent throughout their time in culture, during in vitro differentiation, and after in vivo transplantation. PBD-MAPCs have been maintained in primordial cell media for more than 100 doublings, yet can be induced to differentiate rapidly and efficiently into distinct cell types. PBD-MAPCs are ideal tools to study the mechanisms of differentiation and may be superior to embryonic stem cells as cellular therapeutics.
Detection of spatially limited high‐porosity layers using crosshole GPR signal analysis and full‐waveform inversion (2014)

Abstract High‐permittivity layers, related to high‐porosity layers or impermeable clay lenses, can act as low‐velocity electromagnetic waveguides. Electromagnetic wave phenomena associated with these features are complicated, not well known and not easy to interpret in borehole GPR data. Recently, a novel amplitude analysis approach was developed that is able to detect continuous low‐velocity waveguides and their boundaries between boreholes by using maximum and minimum positions of the trace energy profiles in measured GPR data. By analyzing waveguide models of different thickness, dip, extent, permittivity, and conductivity parameters, we extend the amplitude analysis to detect spatially limited or terminated waveguides. Waveguides that show high‐amplitude elongated wave trains are most probably caused by a change in porosity rather than a change in clay content. In a crosshole GPR data set from the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, two terminated wave‐guiding structures were detected using the extended amplitude analysis. Information gained from the amplitude analysis improved the starting model for full‐waveform inversion which imaged the lateral extent and thickness of terminated waveguides with high resolution. Synthetic data calculated using the inverted permittivity and conductivity models show similar amplitudes and phases, as observed in the measured data, which indicates the reliability of the obtained models. Neutron‐Neutron logging data from three boreholes confirm the changes in porosity and indicate that these layers were high‐porosity sand units within low‐porosity, poorly sorted sand, and gravel units.
History of Aerosol Therapy: Liquid Nebulization to MDIs to DPIs (2005)

Inhaled therapies have been used since ancient times and may have had their origins with the smoking of datura preparations in India 4,000 years ago. In the late 18th and in the 19th century, earthenware inhalers were popular for the inhalation of air drawn through infusions of plants and other ingredients. Atomizers and nebulizers were developed in the mid-1800s in France and were thought to be an outgrowth of the perfume industry as well as a response to the fashion of inhaling thermal waters at spas. Around the turn of the 20th century, combustible powders and cigarettes containing stramonium were popular for asthma and other lung complaints. Following the discovery of the utility of epinephrine for treating asthma, hand-bulb nebulizers were developed, as well as early compressor nebulizers. The marketing of the first pressurized metered-dose inhaler for epinephrine and isoproterenol, by Riker Laboratories in 1956, was a milestone in the development of inhaled drugs. There have been remarkable advances in the technology of devices and formulations for inhaled drugs in the past 50 years. These have been influenced greatly by scientific developments in several areas: theoretical modeling and indirect measures of lung deposition, particle sizing techniques and in vitro deposition studies, scintigraphic deposition studies, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which banned chlorofluorocarbon propellants. We are now in an era of rapid technologic progress in inhaled drug delivery and applications of aerosol science, with the use of the aerosolized route for drugs for systemic therapy and for gene replacement therapy, use of aerosolized antimicrobials and immunosuppressants, and interest in specific targeting of inhaled drugs.
MR angiography by selective inversion recovery (1987)

A modified inversion-recovery sequence is introduced which performs subtraction angiography by varying time-of-flight effects of blood flowing into an imaged slab. The selective 180 degrees excitation inverts different regions between measurements to isolate arterial and/or venous blood. On normal human subjects, high-resolution carotid artery angiograms have been obtained.
Effects of sc Administration of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) on Normal Human Subjects. (1990)

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was administered subcutaneously to each of 5 normal human subjects at doses of 0 mg/kg (control), 0.06 mg/kg, or 0.12 mg/kg successively at one week intervals. After 0.06 mg/kg or 0.12 mg/kg IGF-I injections, plasma IGF-I levels increased from 185 +/- 17 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) to maximal levels of 396 +/- 21 ng/ml at 3 hours and from 169 +/- 14 ng/ml to 480 +/- 27 ng/ml at 4 hours, respectively. These two peak values were statistically different (p less than 0.05). After 0.06 mg/kg and 0.12 mg/kg IGF-I administration, blood glucose levels decreased from 85 +/- 2 mg/dl to minimal levels of 73 +/- 3 mg/dl at 3 hours and from 83 +/- 1 mg/dl to 50 +/- 4 mg/dl at 2 hours, respectively. These two minimal values were statistically different (p less than 0.001). Serum insulin and C-peptide levels were decreased in a dose dependent manner after IGF-I administration. There were no changes between blood urea nitrogen levels before and 4 hours after IGF-I administration. The urinary GH concentration decreased after 0.06 mg/kg IGF-I administration, but increased and maintained normal values after 0.12 mg/kg IGF-I administration.
Mosquito oostatic factor: a novel decapeptide modulating trypsin‐like enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut (1990)

A peptide that inhibits egg development in mosquitoes (oostatic factor) has been purified from the ovaries of female Aedes aegypti. The factor is a decapeptide with a molecular mass of 1047.6. The primary sequence has been determined as NH2-Tyr-Asp-Pro-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-Pro-COOH from mass spectra recorded on a quadrupole Fourier transform instrument. The amino acid sequence exhibits sequence correlation to mammalian, plant, and several viral proteins. Injection of synthetic analogs into mosquitoes, biting midges, flies, and fleas inhibited proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut. Binding studies with [3H]oostatic factor indicated that the midgut epithelial cells have a factor-specific receptor.
H2 clearance measurement of blood flow: a review of technique and polarographic principles. (1980)

H2 clearance is a powerful method for monitoring blood flow. Simple and inexpensive to implement, the method allows multiple in situ determinations of blood flow from any tissue in which a small electrode can be implanted. There is, however, evidence to suggest that H2 clearance is neither as accurate nor as local a measure of blood flow as generally supposed. Both in theory and practice, it probably cannot accurately determine blood flow rates greater than 100 ml/100 gm/min or localize blood flow to tissue volumes of less than 5 ml. Moreover, its experimental application is complicated by many technical problems hitherto largely ignored by workers in the field. Some of these problems arise from the limitations of the steady state polarographic technique used to measure tissue H2 concentrations. Other problems stem from the failure to consider possible sources of error in H2 clearance monitoring; these induce interference with the H2 signal by spurious electrode and tissue currents, and contributions from tissue ascorbate and O2. Nevertheless, with the appropriate safeguards and qualifications, H2 clearance is a valid and important approach to measuring blood
Antigenic relationship and further characterization of two major Borna disease virus-specific proteins (1992)

After immunization of mice with isolated Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific proteins having Mrs of 38/39K and 24K, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained which were specific for one of the antigens in Western blot analysis. However, in immunoprecipitation assays it was found that some MAbs of each specificity reacted exclusively with their respective antigen from BDV-infected cells, whereas other MAbs coprecipitated the heterologous protein. The relationship between the 38/39K and 24K proteins was demonstrated by two-dimensional peptide mapping, which revealed four identical peptides. Additionally, it was found that neither the 38/39K nor the 24K protein is glycosylated, but that the 24K protein is phosphorylated at serine residues. Experiments employing various cell separation protocols revealed that the 38/39K and the 24K proteins are evenly distributed within infected cells; this was confirmed by immunofluorescence techniques using 38/39K- or 24K-specific MAbs. Iodination experiments clearly demonstrated that only the 38/39K protein is expressed on the surface of virus-infected cells.
Microparticles and Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems for DNA Vaccines (2003)

DNA vaccines, also referred to as genetic vaccines, are generating significant preclinical and clinical interest. It has been proven that the expression of an antigen or antigens from plasmid DNA (pDNA) may elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, DNA vaccines may have potential as new vaccines for important pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis C, tuberculosis, and malaria. However, the clinical results using "naked" pDNA have been disappointing in the breadth and depth of the immune response and the relatively high doses of pDNA needed to elicit a response. Clinical trials with the gene gun have been promising, but it is unclear whether this technology will be commercially viable. As a result, there exists a clear need for new vaccine delivery systems that can be administered at low doses to elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses. One promising approach is the development of microparticles and nanoparticles as delivery systems for DNA vaccines. In this review, the application of microparticles and nanoparticles as DNA vaccine delivery systems will be critically reviewed with a primary focus on those systems that have generated in vivo immune responses.
Microbial and Enzymatic Biofuel Cells (1994)

This review summarizes the literature published after 1985 relevant to microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells. It tabulates the experimental conditions used in operation, the characteristics, and the performance of the reported biofuel cells. The present state of research in biofuel cells is analyzed and suggestions for future research are included.
3D Printed Bionic Ears (2013)

The ability to three-dimensionally interweave biological tissue with functional electronics could enable the creation of bionic organs possessing enhanced functionalities over their human counterparts. Conventional electronic devices are inherently two-dimensional, preventing seamless multidimensional integration with synthetic biology, as the processes and materials are very different. Here, we present a novel strategy for overcoming these difficulties via additive manufacturing of biological cells with structural and nanoparticle derived electronic elements. As a proof of concept, we generated a bionic ear via 3D printing of a cell-seeded hydrogel matrix in the anatomic geometry of a human ear, along with an intertwined conducting polymer consisting of infused silver nanoparticles. This allowed for in vitro culturing of cartilage tissue around an inductive coil antenna in the ear, which subsequently enables readout of inductively-coupled signals from cochlea-shaped electrodes. The printed ear exhibits enhanced auditory sensing for radio frequency reception, and complementary left and right ears can listen to stereo audio music. Overall, our approach suggests a means to intricately merge biologic and nanoelectronic functionalities via 3D printing.
Optimizing time and space MIMO antenna system for frequency selective fading channels (2001)

Smart or adaptive antennas promise to provide significant increases in system capacity and performance in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the use of adaptive antennas at the base and mobile stations, operating jointly, to maximize the average signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) of each packet in the system for frequency selective channels with prior knowledge of the channel at the transmitter. Our approach is based on deriving an analytic formula for the average packet SINR and using the Lagrange multiplier method to determine an optimum. We derive necessary conditions for an optimum solution and propose an analytical expression for the optimum. Our analytical expression is not guaranteed to be the global optimum but it does satisfy the derived necessary conditions and, in addition for frequency flat channels, our results reduce to expressions for optimal weights previously published. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, we provide Monte Carlo simulation results of the system bit-error rates and make comparisons with other adaptive antenna systems. These show that significant improvements in performance are possible in a wireless communications context.
SLC22A4, RUNX1, and SUMO4 polymorphisms are not associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study in a Spanish population. (2006)

These results suggest that the SLC22A4, RUNX1, and SUMO4 polymorphisms analyzed do not confer a relevant role in susceptibility to RA in the Spanish population.
THE SYNTHESIS OF KHELLIN DERIVATIVES (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF KHELLIN DERIVATIVESTHOMAS S. GARDNER, E. WENIS, and JOHN LEECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 4, 841–849Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01150a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01150a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts