gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine, a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus replication (1988)

From a series of phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurine and -pyrimidine derivatives, (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine [(S)-HPMPC] emerged as a particularly potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Its potency against CMV was similar to that of the structurally related adenine derivative (S)-HPMPA but higher than that of the reference compounds phosphonoformate and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG). The minimum concentrations of phosphonoformate, DHPG, (S)-HPMPA, and (S)-HPMPC required to inhibit CMV plaque formation by 50% were 15, 0.7, 0.1, and 0.07 microgram/ml, respectively. The selectivity indices of phosphonoformate, DHPG, (S)-HPMPA, and (S)-HPMPC, as determined by the ratio of the 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth to the 50% inhibitory concentration for plaque formation for CMV (AD-169 strain), were 14, 150, 200 and 1,500, respectively. Corresponding values for the CMV Davis strain were 20, 200, 100, and 1,000, respectively. (S)-HPMPC was inhibitory to CMV plaque formation even when added to the cells at 24 or 48 h postinfection. When (S)-HPMPC was added immediately postinfection, a 24- or 48-h incubation time sufficed to obtain a marked inhibitory effect on CMV replication. Such limited incubation time was insufficient for DHPG to achieve any protection against CMV.
Oligonucleotide linked to human gammaglobulin specifically diminishes anti-DNA antibody formation in cultured lymphoid cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1988)

In vitro studies were undertaken to determine whether the level of anti-DNA antibody can be modulated in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DNA fragments of different sizes, i.e., oligonucleotide (N20-30) or oligonucleotide (N10-100), were covalently linked either to human gammaglobulin (HGG) and used as tolerogens or to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and used as immunogens. Experiments were done to determine whether such tolerogens specifically diminish antibodies to denatured DNA, native DNA, or both. PBL were obtained from 87 patients with SLE, 55 of whom spontaneously produced anti-DNA antibodies in vitro. Furthermore, of these 55 test subjects 23 made anti-DNA antibodies in response to antigen challenge in vitro. Exposure of PBL to tolerogenic oligonucleotide-HGG reduced spontaneous antibody formation in 34 of the 55 patients' PBL and abrogated the in vitro-induced response in all instances. The suppression was tolerogen specific. In some SLE patients lymphoid cells were suppressed by both (N10-100)-HGG and (N20-30)-HGG, while in others lymphoid cells were suppressed by only one. Longitudinal studies of spontaneous antibody production showed that the same tolerogens consistently reduced anti-DNA antibody formation in lymphoid cells of 12 patients on several occasions over a 2-yr interval, but in 8 others the results were either variable or inconsistent. In contrast, tolerogens consistently abrogated the antigen-induced response in all 23 patients' PBL. These results obtained in humans in vitro suggest that the principle of carrier-determined tolerance could be applied as a specific therapy for SLE in vivo.
Optical characterization of intrinsic poly silicon film for photovoltaic application on sapphire and TiO2 substrate by HWCVD (2014)

We have investigated the possibility of growing silicon films, 2 to 3 micron thick, from silane-hydrogen mixture, by hot wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD). Several substrates i) oriented TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer on glass, ii) crystalline sapphire have been used in this work. The growth is performed in two stages; a) nucleation step using dilute mixture SiH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> :H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in the ratio 1:20 at 400 degC, followed by b) thickening step at 540 degC, in which SiH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> :H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ratio is gradually enhanced to 8:20. Transmission and reflection spectroscopy have been used for determining optical characteristics of the film.
In Vitro Hypothermia Enhances Platelet GPIIb-IIIa Activation and P-Selectin Expression (1998)

Aggregation, fibrinogen binding, PAC-1 binding, and P-selectin antibody binding studies showed that platelet GPIIb-IIIa activation and alpha-granule release were enhanced at hypothermic temperatures. Thus hypothermia appears to increase the ability of platelets to respond to activating stimuli. The coagulopathy associated with hypothermia is not likely to be the result of an intrinsic defect in platelet function.
Performance evaluation and tuning of Virtual Infrastructure Managers for (Micro) Virtual Network Functions (2016)

Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) are emerging as the keystone of 5G network architectures: flexibility, agility, fast instantiation times, consolidation, Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) hardware support and significant cost savings are fundamental for meeting the requirements of the new generation of mobile networks. In this paper we deal with the management of the virtual computing resources for the execution of Micro VNFs. This functionality is performed by the Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) in the NFV MANagement and Orchestration (MANO) reference architecture.We discuss the VIM instantiation process and propose a generic reference model, starting from the analysis of two Open Source VIMs, namely OpenStack Nova and Nomad. We implemented a tuned version of the VIMs with the specific goal of reducing the duration of the instantiation process. We realized a performance comparison of the two VIMs, both considering the plain and the tuned versions. The tuned VIMs and the performance evaluation tools that we have employed are provided openly and can be downloaded from our repository.
Defect modes in photonic crystal slabs studied using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2004)

We describe broadband coherent transmission studies of two-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of a hexagonal array of air holes in a dielectric slab in a planar waveguide. By filling several of the air holes in the photonic crystal slab, we observe the signature of a defect mode within the stop band, in both the amplitude and phase spectra. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations using the transfer matrix method.
Human nucleotide excision repairin vitro: repair of pyrimidine dimers, psoralen and cisplatin adducts by HeLa cell-free extract (1989)

We searched for nucleotide excision repair in human cell-free extracts using two assays: damage-specific incision of DNA (the nicking assay) and damage-stimulated DNA synthesis (the repair synthesis assay). HeLa cell-free extract prepared by the method of Manley et al. (1980) has a weak nicking activity on UV irradiated DNA and the nicking is only slightly reduced when pyrimidine dimers are eliminated from the substrate by DNA photolyase. In contrast to the nicking assay, the extract gives a strong signal with UV irradiated substrate in the repair synthesis assay. The repair synthesis activity is ATP dependent and is reduced by about 50% by prior treatment of the substrate with DNA photolyase indicating that this fraction of repair synthesis is due to removal of pyrimidine dimers by nucleotide excision. Psoralen and cisplatin adducts which are known to be removed by nucleotide excision repair also elicited repair synthesis activity 5-10 fold above the background synthesis. When M13RF DNA containing a uniquely placed psoralen adduct was used in the reaction, complete repair was achieved in a fraction of molecules as evidenced by the restoration of psoralen inactivated KpnI restriction site. This activity is absent in xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells. We conclude that our cell-free extract contains the human nucleotide excision repair enzyme activity.
Nightcap: A Home-Based Sleep Monitoring System (1989)

In an attempt to offer a home-based adjunct to traditional sleep laboratory methods, we developed a system to monitor sleep, and to predict algorithmically non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states, using eye and body motility as the only parameters. Eye movement was measured using a strain gauge transducer applied to the eyelid of subjects, while body movement was measured using a piezo-ceramic phono cartridge. Both transducers were mounted on a tennis headband, along with electronics that amplified, filtered, and digitized the signals. Digital pulse signals were input to a portable computer in minute-long epochs, and state-predicting algorithms were run based on this motility data. Four subjects were monitored in the sleep lab with both our headgear and standard polysomnography. Hand-scored sleep records were compared with those predicted by computer algorithms. Algorithm-predicted states agreed with hand-scored ones an average of 85.57% (SEM +/- 1.7%). Mean values for sleep onset and REM latency were within 1.6 and 10.8 min of polysomnographic records, respectively. These results are encouraging, and suggest that this system could provide a comfortable, subject operable, and inexpensive method for the evaluation of sleep at home.
HgCdTe heterojunction contact photoconductor (1984)

A new photoconductor device structure is described utilizing a heterojunction contact which incorporates a higher band-gap HgCdTe alloy between the metal contact and the normal band-gap photoconductor. A theoretical treatment of the heterojunction contact photoconductor (HCP) device shows that carrier sweepout can be virtually eliminated; the calculations predict elimination of ‘‘saturation’’ of responsivity and a very large increase in responsivity. HCP devices were fabricated; experimental results verified the theory in several ways. A responsivity was measured at 80 K of about 450 000 V/W at 30 V/cm and over 1 500 000 V/W at 125 V/cm.
Persistent Infection with SIVmac Chimeric Virus Having tat, rev, vpu, env and nef of HIV Type 1 in Macaque Monkeys (1994)

A chimeric human and simian immunodeficiency virus carrying the tat, rev, vpu, env, and nef genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was generated. The chimeric virus, NM-3n, grew competently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus monkeys like the parental SIVmac. Two cynomolgus monkeys and one rhesus monkey inoculated with NM-3n raised antibodies to SIVmac Gag and HIV-1 Env. The antibodies raised in the cynomolgus monkeys persisted for at least 1.7 years. The antibodies contained virus neutralizing activity not only to the original chimeric virus but also to the parental HIV-1. Infectious viruses were isolated from one of the cynomolgus monkeys 37 and 63 weeks after inoculation and from the rhesus monkey continuously from 6 weeks after infection onward. The recovered virus maintained its chimeric structure but included several clones with mutations in the env V3 region. When the recovered virus was inoculated to another rhesus monkey, no difference in the frequency of virus recovery was seen from the originally infected monkeys. These carrier monkeys have so far shown no sign of the disease.
Investigation of residues Lys112, Glu136, His138, Gly247, Tyr248, and Asp249 in the active site of yeast cystathionine β-synthase (2009)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), the first enzyme of the reverse transsulfuration pathway, catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of <span class="smallcap">l</span>-serine and <span class="smallcap">l</span>-homocysteine to form <span class="smallcap">l</span>-cystathionine (<span class="smallcap">l</span>-Cth). A model of the <span class="smallcap">l</span>-Cth complex of the truncated form of yeast CBS (ytCBS), comprising the catalytic core, was constructed to identify residues involved in the binding of <span class="smallcap">l</span>-homocysteine and the distal portion of <span class="smallcap">l</span>-Cth. Residue K112 was selected for site-directed mutagenesis based on the results of the in silico docking of <span class="smallcap">l</span>-Cth to the modeled structure of ytCBS. Residues E136, H138, Y248, and D249 of ytCBS were also targeted as they correspond to identical polar residues lining the mouth of the active site in the structure of human CBS. A series of 8 site-directed mutants was constructed, and their order of impact on the ability of ytCBS to catalyze the beta-replacement reaction is G247S asymptotically equal to K112Q > K112L asymptotically equal to K112R >> Y248F > D249A asymptotically equal to H138F > E136A. The beta-replacement activity of G247S, which corresponds to the homocystinuria-associated G307S mutant of human CBS, is undetectable. The Km<span class="smallcap">l</span>-Ser of the K112L and K112R mutants is increased by 50- and 90-fold, respectively, while Km<span class="smallcap">l</span>-Hcys increases by only 2- and 4-fold, respectively. The Km<span class="smallcap">l</span>-Hcys of H138F and Y248F is increased by 8- and 18-fold, respectively. These results indicate that, while the targeted residues are not direct determinants of <span class="smallcap">l</span>-Hcys binding, G307, Y248, and K112 play essential roles in the maintenance of appropriate active-site conformation.
Decentralized control strategies for transportation systems (2005)

The transport of baggage through airports by means of individual vehicles imposes severe challenges on a central control system. In this paper, a decentralised control concept is described, which can overcome the deficiencies of central control systems. The decentralised concept consists of (a) a market-based strategy for the assignment of transportation tasks to vehicles and (b) a vehicle routing mechanism in analogy to internet data routing mechanisms. Extensive simulation tests show that significant advantages can be achieved regarding travel time. The concept can be transferred to other kinds of transportation systems, such as autonomous guided vehicles in factories and ports, and furthermore to other allocation problems for mobile resources.
The Viability of Human Blood Stored in Phosphate Adenine Media (1967)

The addition of .03 M phosphate ion and adenine to stored blood produces a profound effect on erythrocyte ATP. At the end of 50–65 days storage, the ATP content of such blood is approximately 40% higher than that of blood supplemented with adenine alone. Despite the large increment of ATP, there was little, if any, difference in the viability of blood stored in these solutions. Thus, after 50 days storage, the ATP content is no longer the limiting factor in maintaining erythrocyte viability.
A chemical approach for identifying O -GlcNAc-modified proteins in cells (2003)

The glycosylation of serine and threonine residues with a single GlcNAc moiety is a dynamic posttranslational modification of many nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. We describe a chemical strategy directed toward identifying O-GlcNAc-modified proteins from living cells or proteins modified in vitro. We demonstrate, in vitro, that each enzyme in the hexosamine salvage pathway, and the enzymes that affect this dynamic modification (UDP-GlcNAc:polypeptidtyltransferase and O-GlcNAcase), tolerate analogues of their natural substrates in which the N-acyl side chain has been modified to bear a bio-orthogonal azide moiety. Accordingly, treatment of cells with N-azidoacetylglucosamine results in the metabolic incorporation of the azido sugar into nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. These O-azidoacetylglucosamine-modified proteins can be covalently derivatized with various biochemical probes at the site of protein glycosylation by using the Staudinger ligation. The approach was validated by metabolic labeling of nuclear pore protein p62, which is known to be posttranslationally modified with O-GlcNAc. This strategy will prove useful for both the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and the elucidation of the specific residues that bear this saccharide.
Learning-by-Synthesis for Appearance-Based 3D Gaze Estimation (2014)

Inferring human gaze from low-resolution eye images is still a challenging task despite its practical importance in many application scenarios. This paper presents a learning-by-synthesis approach to accurate image-based gaze estimation that is person- and head pose-independent. Unlike existing appearance-based methods that assume person-specific training data, we use a large amount of cross-subject training data to train a 3D gaze estimator. We collect the largest and fully calibrated multi-view gaze dataset and perform a 3D reconstruction in order to generate dense training data of eye images. By using the synthesized dataset to learn a random regression forest, we show that our method outperforms existing methods that use low-resolution eye images.
A novel leukocyte adhesion deficiency caused by expressed but nonfunctional β2 integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 (1999)

In the leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)-1 syndrome, there is diminished expression of beta2(CD18) integrins. This is caused by lesions in the beta2-subunit gene and gives rise to recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation, and poor wound healing. We describe a patient with clinical features compatible with a moderately severe phenotype of LAD-1 but who expresses the beta2 integrins lymphocyte function- associated molecule (LFA)-1 and Mac-1 at 40%-60% of normal levels. This level of expression should be adequate for normal integrin function, but both the patient's Mac-1 on neutrophils and LFA-1 on T cells failed to bind ligands such as fibrinogen and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, respectively, or to display a beta2-integrin activation epitope after adhesion-inducing stimuli. Unexpectedly, divalent cation treatment induced the patient's T cells to bind to ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. Sequencing of the patient's two CD18 alleles revealed the mutations S138P and G273R. Both mutations are in the beta2-subunit conserved domain, with S138P a putative divalent cation coordinating residue in the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) motif. After K562 cell transfection with alpha subunits, the mutated S138P beta subunit was coexpressed but did not support function, whereas the G273R mutant was not expressed. In summary, the patient described here exhibits failure of the beta2 integrins to function despite adequate levels of cell-surface expression.
HIV inhibitory natural products. Part 7. The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum (1992)

Eight new coumarin compounds (1-8) were isolated by anti-HIV bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of Calophyllum lanigerum. The structures of calanolide A (1), 12-acetoxycalanolide A (2), 12-methoxycalanolide A (3), calanolide B (4), 12-methoxycalanolide B (5), calanolide C (6) and related derivatives 7 and 8 were solved by extensive spectroscopic analyses, particularly HMQC, HMBC, and difference NOE NMR experiments. The absolute stereochemistry of calanolide A (1) and calanolide B (4) was established by a modified Mosher's method. Calanolides A (1) and B (4) were completely protective against HIV-1 replication and cytopathicity (EC50 values of 0.1 microM and 0.4 microM, respectively), but were inactive against HIV-2. Some of the related compounds also showed evidence of anti-HIV-1 activity. Studies with purified bacterial recombinant reverse transcriptases (RT) revealed that the calanolides are HIV-1 specific RT inhibitors. Moreover, calanolide A was active not only against the AZT-resistant G-9106 strain of HIV-1 but also against the pyridinone-resistant A17 strain. This was of particular interest since the A17 virus is highly resistant to previously known HIV-1 specific, non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (e.g., TIBO; BI-RG-587; L693,593) which comprise a structurally diverse but apparently common pharmacologic class. The calanolides represent a substantial departure from the known class and therefore provide a novel new anti-HIV chemotype for drug development.
AJAX (2000)

@@@@ groups together matching pairs with a high similarity value by applying a given grouping criteria (e.g. by transitive closure). Finally, ging collapses each individual cluster into a tuple of the resulting data source. AJAX provides @@@@ for specifying data cleaning programs, which consists of SQL statements enriched with a set of specific primitives to express these transformations. AJAX also @@@@. It allows the user to interact with an executing data cleaning program to handle exceptional cases and to inspect intermediate results. Finally, AJAX provides @@@@ @@@@ that permits users to determine the source and processing of data for debugging purposes. We will present the AJAX system applied to two real world problems: the consolidation of a telecommunication database, and the conversion of a dirty database of bibliographic references into a set of clean, normalized, and redundancy free relational tables maintaining the same data.
Trastuzumab Decorated Nanoparticles for Targeted Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer (2008)

Nanoparticles (NPs) of biodegradable polymers as a drug delivery system formulate drug devoid of harmful adjuvant, realize controlled drug release and achieve better therapeutic efficacy than pristine agent. However, the low selectivity of NPs towards cancer cells hinders the advantages of NP formulation for efficient chemotherapy. The novel system of paclitaxel-loaded, trastuzumab-decorated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/montmorillonite(PLGA/MMT) NPs for targeted drug delivery was developed. Paclitaxel was used as a prototype drug with excellent therapeutic effects against a wide spectrum of cancers. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2), which overexpresses in 25-30% breast cancers. Moreover, synergistic effects have been found in combination of trastuzumab with paclitaxel. As a potent detoxifier, the medical clay MMT can adsorb toxins and reduce side effects. The drug delivery system represents a new concept in developing drug delivery systems and can achieve functions such as to formulate anticancer drugs with no harmful adjuvant; to reduce side effects caused by formulated drugs; to have synergistic therapeutic effects; and to achieve targeted chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer