gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the structural correlates for antibody polyreactivity by multiple reassortments of chimeric human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain V segments. (1994)

Polyreactive antibodies (Abs) constitute a major proportion of the early Ab repertoire and are an important component of the natural defense mechanisms against infections. They are primarily immunoglobulin M (IgM) and bind a variety of structurally dissimilar self and exogenous antigens (Ags) with moderate affinity. We analyzed the contribution of Ig polyvalency and of heavy (H) and light (L) chain variable (V) regions to polyreactivity in recombinatorial experiments involving the VH-diversity(D)-JH and V kappa-J kappa gene segments of a human polyreactive IgM, monoclonal antibody 55 (mAb55), and those of a human monoreactive anti-insulin IgG, mAb13, in an in vitro C gamma l and C kappa human expression system. These mAbs are virtually identical in their VH and V kappa gene segment sequences. First, we expressed the VH-D-JH and V kappa-J kappa genes of the IgM mAb55 as V segments of an IgG molecule. The bivalent recombinant IgG Ab bound multiple Ags with an efficiency only slightly lower than that of the original decavalent IgM mAb55, suggesting that class switch to IgG does not affect the Ig polyreactivity. Second, we coexpressed the mAb55-derived H or kappa chain with the mAb13-derived kappa or H chain, respectively. The hybrid IgG Ab bearing the mAb55-derived H chain V segment paired with the mAb13-derived kappa V segment, but not that bearing the mAb13-derived H chain V segment paired with the mAb55-derived kappa V segment, bound multiple Ags, suggesting that the Ig H chain plays a major role in the Ig polyreactivity. Third, we shuffled the framework 1 (FR1)-FR3 and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) regions of the H and kappa chain V segments of the mAB55-derived IgG molecule with the corresponding regions of the monoreactive IgG mAb13. The mAb55-derived IgG molecule lost polyreactivity when the H chain CDR3, but not the FR1-FR3 region, was replaced by the corresponding region of mAb13, suggesting that within the H chain, the CDR3 provides the major structural correlate for multiple Ag-binding. This was formally proved by the multiple Ag-binding of the originally monoreactive mAb13-derived IgG molecule grafted with the mAb55-derived H chain CDR3. The polyreactivity of this chimeric IgG was maximized by grafting of the mAb55-derived kappa chain FR1-FR3, but not that of the kappa chain CDR3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Neonatal or hepatocyte growth factor–potentiated adult gene therapy with a retroviral vector results in therapeutic levels of canine factor IX for hemophilia B (2003)

Hemophilia B is a bleeding disorder resulting from factor IX (FIX) deficiency that might be treated with gene therapy. Neonatal delivery would correct the disease sooner than would transfer into adults, and could reduce immunological responses. Neonatal mice were injected intravenously with a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vector (RV) expressing canine FIX (cFIX). They achieved 150% to 280% of normal cFIX antigen levels in plasma (100% is 5 microg/mL), which was functional in vitro and in vivo. Three newborn hemophilia B dogs that were injected intravenously with RV achieved 12% to 36% of normal cFIX antigen levels, which improved coagulation tests. Only one mild bleed has occurred during 14 total months of evaluation. This is the first demonstration of prolonged expression after neonatal gene therapy for hemophilia B in mice or dogs. Most animals failed to make antibodies to cFIX, demonstrating that neonatal gene transfer may induce tolerance. Although hepatocytes from newborns replicate, those from adults do not. Adult mice therefore received hepatocyte growth factor to induce hepatocyte replication prior to intravenous injection of RV. This resulted in expression of 35% of normal cFIX antigen levels for 11 months, although all mice produced anti-cFIX antibodies. This is the first demonstration that high levels of FIX activity can be achieved with an RV in adults without a partial hepatectomy to induce hepatocyte replication. We conclude that RV-mediated hepatic gene therapy is effective for treating hemophilia B in mice and dogs, although the immune system may complicate gene transfer in adults.
Generalization Bounds via Eigenvalues of the Gram matrix (1999)

Model selection in Support Vector machines is usually carried out by minimizing the quotient of the radius of the smallest enclosing sphere of the data and the observed margin on the training set. We provide a new criterion taking the distribution within that sphere into account by considering the Gram matrix of the data. In particular, this makes use of the eigenvalue distribution of the matrix. Experimental results on real world data show that this new criterion provides a good prediction of the shape of the curve relating generalization error to kernel width.
The Next Generation of Foam: A Field Study of Northwestern Oklahoma Foam Fracturing (1991)

Abstract Foams have been used as hydraulic fracturing fluids for over twenty years. Their primary usage is in reservoirs that are under-pressured and/or water sensitive. Nitrogen was the gas initially used as the internal phase. Later, carbon dioxide became more widely accepted and provided better load recovery and production. Now, a third generation of foams has been developed. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide used simultaneously as the internal phase has shown to further improve load recovery and production rates. This paper will present a brief review of foam fracturing procedures and mathematics, monitoring hardware and software requirements, rigging up and safety requirements. The majority of the paper will center on foam fracturing treatments performed on low permeability reservoirs in Northwestern Oklahoma. A comparison of past and present treatments and production rates utilizing operator supplied logs and production data will be presented. Overall, the new Binary Foam treatments have shown to be beneficial from a treatment application viewpoint. Advantages include (reduced screenouts), increased load water recovery, decreased flaring time due to lack of pipeline acceptable gas and improved production rates.
Three-dimensional Gradient Index Optics Fabricated in Diffusive Photopolymers (2012)

The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Ye, Chunfang (Ph. D., Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering)
Age-Associated Memory Loss: Initial Neuropsychological and Cerebral Metabolic Findings of a Longitudinal Study (1994)

To determine the relationships between clinical and brain function in persons with a familial risk for Alzheimer's disease, the authors assessed subjective and objective cognitive abilities, mood state, and cerebral glucose metabolism (using positron emission tomography) in 43 persons with age-associated memory impairment, with and without first-degree relatives with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Subjective complaints of memory loss, mood state ratings, and objective memory measures were similar in persons with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (n = 29) compared to those without such a history (n = 14). Metabolic ratios in the frontal regions correlated with a decrease in a specific type of subjective memory complaint (mnemonics usage; p < .001) and some mood state ratings. These results indicate that parietal and temporal hypometabolism is not evident in persons with mild age-related memory complaints, even when such subjects have a familial risk for Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, self-reports of mnemonics usage may be sensitive indicators of decreased frontal lobe function. Longitudinal study will determine whether such clinical and metabolic measures will predict eventual disease progression.
Thermal stability of DNA (1998)

Tij and Delta Hij for stacking of pair i upon j in DNA have been obtained over the range 0.034-0.114 M Na+from high-resolution melting curves of well-behaved synthetic tandemly repeating inserts in recombinant pN/MCS plasmids. Results are consistent with neighbor-pair thermodynamic additivity, where the stability constant, sij , for different domains of length N depend quantitatively on the product of stability constants for each individual pair in domains, sijN . Unit transition enthalpies with average errors less than +/-5%, were determined by analysis of two-state equilibria associated with the melting of internal domains and verified from variations of Tij with [Na+]. Enthalpies increase with Tij , in close agreement with the empirical function: Delta Hij = 52.78@ Tij - 9489, and in parallel with a smaller increase in Delta Sij . Delta Hij and Delta Sij are in good agreement with the results of an extensive compilation of published Delta Hcal and Delta Scal for synthetic and natural DNAs. Neighbor-pair additivity was also observed for (dA@dT)-tracts at melting temperatures; no evidence could be detected of the familiar and unusual structural features that characterize tracts at lower temperatures. The energetic effects of loops were determined from the melting behavior of repeating inserts installed between (G+C)-rich barrier domains in the pN/MCS plasmids. A unique set of values for the cooperativity, loop exponent and stiffness parameters were found applicable to internal domains of all sizes and sequences. Statistical mechanical curves calculated with values of Tij([Na+]) , Delta Hij and these loop parameters are in good agreement with observation.
Joint Compressive Video Coding and Analysis (2010)

Traditionally, video acquisition, coding and analysis have been designed and optimized as independent tasks. This has a negative impact in terms of consumed resources, as most of the raw information captured by conventional acquisition devices is discarded in the coding phase, while the analysis step only requires a few descriptors of salient video characteristics. Recent compressive sensing literature has partially broken this paradigm by proposing to integrate sensing and coding in a unified architecture composed by a light encoder and a more complex decoder, which exploits sparsity of the underlying signal for efficient recovery. However, a clear understanding of how to embed video analysis in this scheme is still missing. In this paper, we propose a joint compressive video coding and analysis scheme and, as a specific application example, we consider the problem of object tracking in video sequences. We show that, weaving together compressive sensing and the information computed by the analysis module, the bit-rate required to perform reconstruction and tracking of the foreground objects can be considerably reduced, with respect to a conventional disjoint approach that postpones the analysis after the video signal is recovered in the pixel domain. These findings suggest that considerable gains in performance can be potentially obtained in video analysis applications, provided that a joint analysis-aware design of acquisition, coding and signal recovery is carried out.
2-Alkynyl derivatives of adenosine and adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide as selective agonists at A2 adenosine receptors (1992)

In the search for more selective A2-receptor agonists and on the basis that appropriate substitution at C2 is known to impart selectivity for A2 receptors, 2-alkynyladenosines 2a-d were resynthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding, adenylate cyclase, and platelet aggregation studies. Binding of [3H]NECA to A2 receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited by compounds 2a-d with Ki values ranging from 2.8 to 16.4 nM. 2-Alkynyladenosines also exhibited high-affinity binding at solubilized A2 receptors from human platelet membranes. Competition of 2-alkynyladenosines 2a-d for the antagonist radioligand [3H]DPCPX and for the agonist [3H]CCPA gave Ki values in the nanomolar range, and the compounds showed moderate A2 selectivity. In order to improve this selectivity, the corresponding 2-alkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide 8a-d were synthesized and tested. As expected, the 5'-N-ethyluronamide derivatives retained the A2 affinity whereas the A1 affinity was attenuated, resulting in an up to 10-fold increase in A2 selectivity. A similar pattern was observed in adenylate cyclase assays and in platelet aggregation studies. A 30- to 45-fold selectivity for platelet A2 receptors compared to A1 receptors was found for compounds 8a-c in adenylate cyclase studies.
Calcium Dobesilate in Diabetic Retinopathy (1985)

The effect of calcium dobesilate (Doxium) therapy on the evolution of diabetic retinopathy has been assessed in a retrospective study. 54 patients with diabetic retinopathy received calcium dobesilate (average 650 mg/day) for 6-30 months (average 18 months) and were compared to a correspondingly selected control group. The patients were divided into three subgroups (mild, moderate, and severe diabetic retinopathy). Microaneurysms, blot hemorrhages, striate hemorrhages, and hard exudates were assessed semiquantitatively from panorama fundus photographs, using a scoring system. The effect of calcium dobesilate was statistically significant for cases with moderate background diabetic retinopathy on summing up the scores of the various retinal lesions. There was no favorable effect on diabetic maculopathy or visual acuity. In the proliferative stages of diabetic retinopathy, photocoagulation is offering, in the majority of cases, the only chance to slow down the progression of this disease; however, drug therapy might be beneficial in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Seis tesis sobre las relaciones entre el Derecho natural y el Derecho positivo (1970)

&#x0D;
Enzymes in carbohydrate synthesis: N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase catalyzed reactions and preparation of N-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-neuraminic acid derivatives (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymes in carbohydrate synthesis: N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase catalyzed reactions and preparation of N-acetyl-2-deoxy-D-neuraminic acid derivativesMahn Joo. Kim, William J. Hennen, H. Marcel. Sweers, and Chi Huey. WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 19, 6481–6486Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00227a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1223Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural relationships between nascent apoA-I-containing particles that are extracellularly assembled in cell culture (1996)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) incubated with CHO cells assembles three major nascent lipid complexes with diameters of 7.3, 9, and 11 nm. Previous studies suggested that the smaller nascent particles were precursors for the larger nascent ones. To test this hypothesis, the 7.3, 9, and 11 nm apoA-I-lipid complexes formed by incubating CHO cells with lipid-free apoA-I were isolated and subsequently each subpopulation was re-incubated with cells in the absence of other subpopulations. The physical-chemical characteristics of each subpopulation were examined before and after re-incubation in an effort to understand relationships. if any, between the different nascent complexes. The 7.3, 9, and 11 nm complexes were unique in that each of the particles had pre-alpha mobility on agarose gels: this rapid migration was not altered by re-incubation with cells. Protein crosslinking studies indicated that the 7.3, 9, and 11 nm complexes possessed 2, 3, and 4 apoA-I molecules per complex, respectively; it is unlikely that the size of the particle and number of apoA-I molecules per particle played a role in the increased negative charge of the particles. The present study shows that smaller particles did not give rise to larger ones upon re-incubation with cells. Rather, the 11 and 9 nm particles both generated smaller discs (the 11 nm giving rise primarily to 9 nm discs and the 9 nm complex giving rise to 7.3 nm discs) suggesting that, during incubation with cells, the complexes are destabilized and remodeled into smaller, not larger, complexes. Surprisingly, the 7.3 nm complexes during re-incubation with cells were extremely stable and did not undergo size alteration. When the 7.3 nm particles were incubated with additional small quantities of lipid-free apoA-I (1-2 microgram/ml), larger discoidal complexes were generated suggesting that the formation of larger particles may be driven by the availability of lipid-free apoA-I.
Engineering anatomically shaped human bone grafts (2009)

The ability to engineer anatomically correct pieces of viable and functional human bone would have tremendous potential for bone reconstructions after congenital defects, cancer resections, and trauma. We report that clinically sized, anatomically shaped, viable human bone grafts can be engineered by using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and a "biomimetic" scaffold-bioreactor system. We selected the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar bone as our tissue model, because of its clinical importance and the challenges associated with its complex shape. Anatomically shaped scaffolds were generated from fully decellularized trabecular bone by using digitized clinical images, seeded with hMSCs, and cultured with interstitial flow of culture medium. A bioreactor with a chamber in the exact shape of a human TMJ was designed for controllable perfusion throughout the engineered construct. By 5 weeks of cultivation, tissue growth was evidenced by the formation of confluent layers of lamellar bone (by scanning electron microscopy), markedly increased volume of mineralized matrix (by quantitative microcomputer tomography), and the formation of osteoids (histologically). Within bone grafts of this size and complexity cells were fully viable at a physiologic density, likely an important factor of graft function. Moreover, the density and architecture of bone matrix correlated with the intensity and pattern of the interstitial flow, as determined in experimental and modeling studies. This approach has potential to overcome a critical hurdle-in vitro cultivation of viable bone grafts of complex geometries-to provide patient-specific bone grafts for craniofacial and orthopedic reconstructions.
On the Relation of Oxidative Stress to Neuroinflammation: Lessons Learned from the G93A-SOD1 Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2006)

The central nervous system (CNS) presents both challenges and opportunities to researchers of redox biochemistry. The CNS is sensitive to oxidative damage during aging or disease; excellent transgenic models of specific neurodegenerative diseases have been created that reproduce oxidative stress components of the corresponding human disorder. Mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) based on overexpressed mutant human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are cases in point. These animals experience predictably staged, age-dependent motor neuron degeneration with profound cellular and biochemical damage to nerve fibers and spinal cord tissue. Severe protein and lipid oxidation occurs in these animals, apparently as an indirect consequence of protein aggregation or cytopathic protein-protein interactions, as opposed to aberrant redox catalysis by the mutant enzyme. Recent studies of G93A-SOD1 mice and rats suggest that oxidative damage is part of an unmitigated neuroinflammatory reaction, possibly arising in combination from mitochondrial dysfunction plus pathophysiologic activation of both astrocytes and microglia. Lesions to redox signal-transduction pathways in mutant SOD1+ glial cells may stimulate broad-spectrum upregulation of proinflammatory genes, including arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzymes [e.g., cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) and 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX)]; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms; cytokines (particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-alpha); chemokines; and immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FcgammaRs). The integration of these processes creates a paracrine milieu inconsistent with healthy neural function. This review summarizes what has been learned to date from studies of mutant SOD1 transgenic animals and demonstrates that the G93A-SOD1 mouse in particular is a robust laboratory for the study of neuroinflammation and redox biochemistry.
Selective neuronal degeneration induced by soluble oligomeric amyloid beta‐protein (2002)

The prevailing amyloid hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) holds that amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) causes neuronal degeneration by forming neurotoxic fibrillar structures. Yet, many aspects of AD pathology and symptoms are not well explained by this hypothesis. Here, we present evidence that neurotoxicity of soluble oligomeric Abeta closely corresponds to the selective neurodegeneration so distinctly manifest in AD. Selectivity was first observed in vitro, where only the human central nervous system neuronal cells were susceptible to soluble oligomeric Abeta. Furthermore, in mouse cerebral slice treated with soluble oligomeric Abeta, selective regiospecific toxicity was evident in the hippocampal CA1, a division important for memory, but not in the CA3 subfield. The fibrillar Abeta, however, killed neurons in all regions of the cerebral slice cultures and also in cerebellar slices. Remarkably, even at the highest soluble oligomeric Abeta concentrations, cerebellar neurons were completely spared, consistent with one of the hallmark features of AD pathology. Our observation of the selective neurodegeneration of soluble oligomeric Abeta to neurons involved in cognitive function may provide a new opportunity for the development of an effective AD therapy as well as elucidating the pathological mechanism of AD.