gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-1 alpha is produced by T lymphocytes activated via the CD2 plus CD28 pathways (1991)

In addition to activation via the TCR complex, resting purified T cells can be activated to proliferate by mAb directed against the two surface molecules, CD2 and CD28. We demonstrate here that only the CD2 plus CD28 combined activation induces the expression and secretion of IL-1 alpha, a cytokine classically considered as a monokine. In contrast, neither IL-1 beta nor IL-6 were produced. A second monokine, TNF-alpha was transiently expressed by T cells activated with either CD2 or CD28 mAb, but was expressed to higher levels and with a prolonged kinetics in cells activated by the CD2 plus CD28 combination. The prolonged expression of the IL-1 alpha gene could account, at least in part, for the monocyte-independent and long lasting T cell proliferation induced by the CD2 plus CD28 co-stimulation. Secretion of monokines, such as IL-1 alpha, by activated T cells, could play a regulatory role in immune responses, as well as contribute to autoimmune processes.
Human CPR (Cell Cycle Progression Restoration) Genes Impart a Far– Phenotype on Yeast Cells (1997)

Regulated cell cycle progression depends on the proper integration of growth control pathways with the basic cell cycle machinery. While many of the central molecules such as cyclins, CDKs, and CKIs are known, and many of the kinases and phosphatases that modify the CDKs have been identified, little is known about the additional layers of regulation that impinge upon these molecules. To identify new regulators of cell proliferation, we have selected for human and yeast cDNAs that when overexpressed were capable of specifically overcoming G1 arrest signals from the cell cycle branch of the mating pheromone pathway, while still maintaining the integrity of the transcriptional induction branch. We have identified 13 human CPR (cell cycle progression restoration) genes and 11 yeast OPY (overproduction-induced pheromone-resistant yeast) genes that specifically block the G1 arrest by mating pheromone. The CPR genes represent a variety of biochemical functions including a new cyclin, a tumor suppressor binding protein, chaperones, transcription factors, translation factors, RNA-binding proteins, as well as novel proteins. Several CPR genes require individual CLNs to promote pheromone resistance and those that require CLN3 increase the basal levels of Cln3 protein. Moreover, several of the yeast OPY genes have overlapping functions with the human CPR genes, indicating a possible conservation of roles.
Laser-Assisted Fibrin Clot Soldering of Human Menisci (1995)

Fibrin mixtures have been used as a solder in conjunction with argon ion lasers to create strong tissue welds in several organ systems. An analogous method of meniscus repair could obviate the need for partial meniscectomy and its subsequent degenerative effects in a subset of meniscal tears. This study measured the in vitro tensile strength in 4 groups of human menisci (1-mm x 2-mm x 5-mm sections): (1) bisected menisci repaired with fibrin clot mixture, (2) bisected menisci bonded by fibrin clot mixture and exposure to argon laser energy (energy density, 60 W/cm2), (3) bisected menisci repaired with 2 interrupted sutures, and (4) untreated meniscal controls. After irradiation with argon ion laser energy, the tensile strength of the laser-assisted fibrin clot-bonded menisci increased 40-fold over that of nonirradiated fibrin clot-bonded menisci. Suture controls (0.515 +/- 0.221 MPa) had a higher tensile strength than the fibrin clot mixture and irradiated groups; however, the suture controls had only 8.5% the strength of native menisci (6.081 +/- 0.221 MPa). Laser-assisted fibrin clot soldering may allow the opposing edges of a meniscal tear to be held together with a biologic scaffold, possibly inducing reparative cell migration and proliferation.
The family of pro-hormone and pro-protein convertases (1993)

Conference Article| August 01 1993 The family of pro-hormone and pro-protein convertases Nabil G. Seidah; Nabil G. Seidah ‡ *J. A. DeSève Laboratories of Biochemical, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, affiliated to the University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada ‡To Whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Robert Day; Robert Day *J. A. DeSève Laboratories of Biochemical, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, affiliated to the University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Michel Chrétien Michel Chrétien †Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montréal, affiliated to the University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H2W IR7, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (3): 685–691. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210685 Article history Received: March 30 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Nabil G. Seidah, Robert Day, Michel Chrétien; The family of pro-hormone and pro-protein convertases. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1993; 21 (3): 685–691. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210685 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ACTH, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, ER, endoplasmic reticulum, PC, pro-protein convertase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Colestipol and Probucol: Treatment of Primary and Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Amelioration of Atherosclerosis (1982)

Colestipol is a safe, effective, cholesterol-lowering, bile-acid sequestrant that lowers low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and total plasma cholesterol levels without consistently affecting high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Long-term colestipol therapy in conjunction with diet may reduce xanthoma size, arrest progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis, and may reduce mortality from coronary heart disease. Probucol, a bisphenol cholesterol-lowering drug, is an effective cholesterol-lowering agent that reduces levels of HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apoprotein A-1, the major apolipoprotein of HDL. Because HDL cholesterol is independently and inversely associated with development of coronary heart disease, the ramifications of simultaneous lowering of LDL and HDL cholesterol levels by probucol treatment need further study. Long-term, placebo-controlled studies of repetitive coronary arteriography, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, or both are needed to ascertain the efficacy of long-term probucol use in relation to development of atherosclerosis.
[Effects of A23187 and cytochalasin B on proliferation and differentiation of the cultured myoblasts]. (1991)

The effects of A23187 (a substance acting on cell membrane) and cytochalasin B (a substance acting on cell structure) on the growth and differentiation of myoblasts (L6 cell) were examined using a cultured system. The L6 cells (1 x 10(5)) were incubated for 10 days in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (a growth medium) by exchanging the medium every 3rd day. They showed no morphological differentiation and no increase in creatine kinase activity, myoglobin content and Ca2+ concentration. However, when L6 cells were incubated in DMEM medium containing 2% horse serum and 6 micrograms/ml insulin (an incubation medium for differentiation), they were morphologically differentiated into the myotube after 6-day culture with increase in creatine kinase activity, myoglobin content and Ca2+ concentration. In the presence of 40 nM A23187, no marked morphological change was observed in the L6 cells as compared with the control, but the myoglobin level rapidly increased to 18.2 x 10(-2) ng/micrograms (4.2-fold value of the control) at 10-day culture. In the presence of 200 nM cytochalasin B, there was no morphological change in the L6 cells, and no increase in the levels of creatine kinase and myoglobin. These data suggest that the function of the cell membrane and intracellular Ca2+ concentration play important roles in differentiating the muscle cells, because A23187 promotes biochemical differentiation of L6 cells as shown by increased myoglobin content.
The pathophysiological role of cytokines in psoriasis. (1999)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder. Recent data indicate that T cells and cytokines are of major importance in the pathophysiology of this frequent immune disease. The cutaneous and systemic overexpression of several proinflammatory cytokines, particularly type-1 cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, has been demonstrated. The overexpression of these proinflammatory cytokines is considered to be responsible for initiation, maintenance and recurrence of skin lesions. The cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate within the plaques as well as the keratinocyte hyperproliferation appears to be directed by cytokines as well. Thus, the overexpression of the chemoattractant IL-8 contributes to the accumulation of granulocytes, a characteristic finding in psoriatic lesions. In contrast to the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, a relatively low level of expression of the antiinflammatory cytokines IL-1RA and IL-10 has been found, suggesting an insufficient counterregulatory capacity in psoriasis which might have a genetic background. The new pathophysiologic understanding of psoriasis offers the opportunity for well-targeted therapeutic interventions which should be more effective and better tolerated than the approaches used thus far. In fact, the cytokine imbalance represents an interesting target. This is supported by the therapeutic effects of IL-10, a type-2 cytokine with major influence on immunoregulation, since it inhibits type-1/proinflammatory cytokine formation.
Role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in tumor progression and metastasis. (1993)

Despite rapid advances in our understanding of the biology of cell adhesion, the data available in the literature make it is difficult to propose one simple scheme in which cell adhesion molecules can be related to tumor growth and metastasis. This difficulty can be related to a number of factors. Some of the apparently conflicting experimental results that demonstrate both enhanced or diminished tumor cell adhesion during tumor progression may be attributed to the experimental systems used. Those studies that have injected tumor cells intravenously have, in general, shown that enhanced tumor cell adhesiveness correlates with metastatic ability. It should be recognized that this experimental approach bypasses many of the early stages of the metastatic cascade and is biased towards tumor cells with an enhanced ability to form aggregates with cells in the circulation and to adhere to distant vascular sites. On the other hand, studies that have implanted tumors into animals and allowed them to grow and metastasize (spontaneous metastasis) have generally demonstrated an inverse relationship between adhesive ability and the ability to metastasize. Another major obstacle in understanding the role of CAMs in metastasis is the well known problem of tumor heterogeneity and the phenotypic instability of metastatic cells over relatively short periods of time (141). The cells that make up a metastatic focus may thus be quite different from the tumor cells that originally formed the lesion. It is quite possible that the selective pressures that initially enable a cancer cell to form a metastatic lesion may be quite different than those that later favor rapid tissue growth. The major obstacle in making any sweeping generalizations about cell adhesion molecules and tumor progression, however, is that the process of successful metastasis is inherently complex, requiring tumor cells to possess decreased adhesive interactions with surrounding cells and extracellular matrix at some points in the cascade and increased adhesive interactions at other times. Based on the information available, the following scenario can be proposed. Using the schema shown in Figure 1, successful metastasis initially requires that normal cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion be disrupted, causing release of neoplastic cells from the primary tumor (step 1). For epithelial tumors, down-regulation of cadherins and perhaps, integrins, appear to be involved. This loss of cell adhesion must be followed by migration of tumor cells into the vascular system (step 2), a step requiring efficient cell-substratum interactions. In melanomas, this step seems to require expression of the vitronectin receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Incidence and natural history of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty. (2003)

There are many reports concerning the aetiology and prophylaxis of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) but little is known about its natural history. The purpose of our study was to identify the incidence and site of DVT, the risk factors for pulmonary embolism and the natural history of DVT after total hip replacement (THR) in patients who do not receive any form of prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for DVT. Two hundred patients who had a primary THR were included: 100 had one-staged bilateral THR and 100 had unilateral THR and 150 implants were cemented and 150 cementless. Coagulation assays, a full blood count, blood typing and serum chemical profile tests were performed for all patients on three separate occasions. Bilateral simultaneous or unilateral venograms were performed on the sixth or seventh postoperative day and perfusion lung scans preoperatively and on the seventh or eighth postoperative day. Further venograms were performed in all patients who had thrombi six months later. In the patients with bilateral THR, 52 (26%) venograms were positive for thrombi, while in the patients with unilateral THR 20 (20%) were positive (p = 0.89). In the patients with a cemented THR, 31 venograms (20.7%) were positive for thrombi, while in those with a cementless THR 41 (27.3%) were positive (p = 0.654). Further venograms in all 72 patients who had thrombi at six months after operation showed that they resolved completely and spontaneously regardless of their site and size. No patients had symptoms of pulmonary emboli and none were seen on the perfusion lung scans. Two patients died from unrelated causes. Although the prevailing opinion is that patients with proximal venous thrombosis should be treated with anticoagulants, our study has shown that all thrombi regardless of their site and size resolve spontaneously without associated pulmonary embolism.
Cutaneous whole nerve recordings used for correction of footdrop in hemiplegic man (1995)

One hemiplegic patient with a dropfoot was chronically implanted with a cuff on the sural nerve, and recordings were made regularly during a period of two years. The results showed that the human sural nerve responded in a similar way to mechanical inputs applied on the skin, as the tibial nerve did in cats (M.K. Haugland, et al., ibid., vol. 2, p. 18-28, 1994), indicating that previous experimental systems using natural sensory feedback for closed-loop FNS are possible to adapt to humans. During walking, the recorded nerve signal modulated strongly and gave a clearly detectable response at foot contact and a silent period when the foot was in the air through the swing phase of the walking cycle. A portable system was built that used the recorded signal to control a peroneal stimulator to correct for footdrop. There were two reasons for this: first, to show in a relatively simple system the possibility of solving the practical problems involved in recording nerve activity during stimulation and second, to remove the external heel switch used in existing systems for footdrop correction, thereby making it possible to use such systems without footwear and preparing it to be a totally implantable system. The method for removing artifacts, as developed in animal experiments, was adapted to provide usable nerve signals while stimulating the ankle dorsiflexor muscles.
Effects of acute hyperosmolality on blood-brain barrier function in ovine fetuses and lambs (2006)

We examined the effects of hyperosmolality on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability during development to test the vulnerability of the immature barrier to stress. The BBB response to hyperosmolality was quantified using the blood-to-brain transfer constant (Ki) with alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in fetuses at 60% and 90% gestation, premature, newborn, and older lambs. Ki plotted against osmolality increased as a function of increases in osmolality in all groups and brain regions. The relationship was described (P < 0.05) by a segmented regression model. At lower osmolalities, changes in Ki were minimal, but after a break point (threshold) was reached, the increase (P < 0.05) was linear. We examined the responses of Ki to hyperosmolality within each brain region by comparing the thresholds and slopes of the second regression segment. Lower thresholds and higher slopes imply greater vulnerability to hyperosmolality in the younger groups. Thresholds increased (P < 0.05) with development in the thalamus, superior colliculus, pons, and spinal cord, and slopes of the second regression segment decreased (P < 0.05) in the cerebellum, hippocampus, inferior colliculus, medulla, and spinal cord. BBB resistance to hyperosmolality increased (P < 0.05) with development in most brain regions. The pattern of the Ki plotted against osmolality was (P < 0.05) heterogenous among brain regions in fetuses and premature and newborn lambs, but not in older lambs. We conclude that 1) BBB permeability increased as a function of changes in osmolality, 2) the barrier becomes more resistant to hyperosmolality during development, and 3) the permeability response to hyperosmolality is heterogenous among brain regions in fetuses and premature and newborn lambs.
Obsoleting IQUERY (2002)

The IQUERY method of performing inverse DNS lookups, specified in RFC 1035, has not been generally implemented and has usually been operationally disabled where it has been implemented. Both reflect a general view in the community that the concept was unwise and that the widely-used alternate approach of using pointer (PTR) queries and reverse-mapping records is preferable. Consequently, this document deprecates the IQUERY operation, declaring it entirely obsolete. This document updates RFC 1035.
Real-time monitoring of recombinant protein concentration in animal cell cultures using an optical biosensor (1997)

Measurement of the concentration of specific proteins in complex mixtures has traditionally relied on time-consuming and labour-intensive procedures such as ELISA. In this paper, we demonstrate that optical biosensors employing surface plasmon resonance technology may be employed to quantitate recombinant protein product in crude animal cell culture supernatant in real time by measuring the rate of ligand binding to an immobilised monospecific antibody. A model system-binding of recombinant human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1; a glycoprotein of approximately 30 kDa produced by NSO cells) to the monoclonal antibody MAC019-was employed to evaluate key assay parameters necessary for reliable determination of product concentration: dynamic range, sensitivity, speed and reproducibility. These have been compared to traditional ELISA protocols.
Structure-activity Relationships within a Series of C(7)-Substitutedoxyiminocephalosporins Containing the C(3)-Methylaminopyridiniumthiomethyl Substituent. Synthesis and Biological Properties of BRL 57342 and Some Close Analogues. (1995)

(6R, 7R)-7-[2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(Z)-[(S)-carboxy(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxyimino]acetamido]-3-(l-methylaminopyridinium-4-thiomethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate sodium salt (BRL 57342, 1f) combines excellent in vitro antibacterial potency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., with excellent stability to extended spectrum β-lactamases. This potency is reflected in in vivo efficacy studies.
Small Caliber Vascular Grafts. Part I: State of the Art (1996)

Vascular grafts, devices designed to augment inefficiently functioning vascular systems, represent a significant part of implantable medical devices, with major participation in over a million vascular surgeries performed worldwide. By definition accepted in the art, a small caliber graft is a conduit with internal diameter (ID) of 6 mm or less; large caliber grafts start at ID of 7 mm. While the autologous grafts utilizing saphenous veins (SVG) and internal iliac, or mammary arteries are used exclusively in cardiac artery bypass grafts (CABG) procedures and preferentially in many peripheral indications, and while the use of grafts with biological origin did not proliferate, polymer-based artificial grafts of controlled patterns and porosity are prostheses of choice for the large caliber. The polyester (PET) yarn is knitted or woven into various porous patterns. The PTFE tubes are expanded into porous conduits (ePTFE). Although these technologies are used to produce the grafts with ID larger than 6 mm, the dominant principles are being applied to the development of small caliber graft. Polyurethanes are also evaluated for small caliber application. The grafts (regardless of the ID) produced by the above technologies are porous. This porosity, considered to be critical for proper healing and overall graft patency, causes the blood to leak through the graft wall or at anastomosis through the suture holes. Both the wall leakage and suture hole bleeding remain rather serious drawbacks. Currently, collagen, gelatin, albumin and their derivatives are used as sealants. Various modes of application and degrees of crosslinking are utilized to control in vivo degradation and graft healing. Other hydrogels, both natural and synthetic, could play significant roles as sealants and modifiers of the graft performance. Enhancement of graft patency via improvement of initial hemocompatibility could be achieved by application of bioactive coatings. Heparinized systems seem to dominate in this field, but many new concepts are being investigated. Intraluminal endothelialization via mediating biologicals could open significant potential for synthetic small caliber grafts. Furthermore, porous biodegradable tubes could be used as temporary scaffold to attract and promote cell propagation and ingrowth, the true angiogenesis. Part I of this series discusses the "S.O.T.A" of the small caliber graft. The following parts will discuss concepts needed for development of truly patent small caliber grafts and will report on our progress in the development of biodurable and pulsatile grafts for vascular access, peripheral, and potentially for CABG indications.