gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium-catalyzed Hydrogenation of Acids to Alcohols (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium-catalyzed Hydrogenation of Acids to AlcoholsJ. E. Carnahan, T. A. Ford, W. F. Gresham, W. E. Grigsby, and G. F. HagerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 14, 3766–3768Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01619a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1007Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A structurally informed autotransporter platform for efficient heterologous protein secretion and display (2012)

We developed the first structurally informed AT platform for efficient secretion and surface display of heterologous proteins. The platform has potential with regard to the development of recombinant live vaccines and may be useful for other biotechnological applications that require high-level secretion or display of recombinant proteins by bacteria.
Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets. (1989)

We purified poly(A)+ mRNA from the spleen and lymph nodes at designated times after infection with Leishmania major in genetically susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice. The steady-state levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-1 beta mRNA were determined using Northern hybridizations. IL-2 mRNA levels in the infected organs of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were comparable after infection, but IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels were reciprocally expressed. Levels of IFN-gamma mRNA in C57BL/6 draining nodes and spleen were significantly greater than in BALB/c mice except at 4 and 6 wk of infection, when splenic IFN-gamma mRNA levels were transiently comparable. In contrast, IL-4 mRNA was apparent only in BALB/c and not in C57BL/6 nodes and spleen. Tissue levels of IL-1 beta mRNA were 10-20-fold greater in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were pretreated with GK1.5 mAb, a manipulation that promotes healing of subsequent infection by transiently depleting L3T4+ cells. At 8 wk of infection, by which time lymphoid organs were repopulated with L3T4+ cells, GK1.5-pretreated BALB/c mice produced IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 message. Serum levels of IgE were markedly elevated in infected BALB/c, but not in infected C57BL/6 or GK1.5-pretreated BALB/c mice, consistent with in vivo biologic activity of IL-4 in nonhealing mice. Treatment of infected BALB/c mice with neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody abolished the elevation of serum IgE and significantly attenuated the progression of disease as assessed by size and ulceration of the lesion, and by reduction in the number of tissue parasites. Both protective and deleterious responses to Leishmania infection have previously been shown to be L3T4+ cell dependent. Our findings are consistent with the differential expansion of protective, IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells in healing mice, and the expansion of deleterious, IL-4-producing Th2 cells in nonhealing mice. The inverse relationship of IFN-gamma and IL-4 gene expression during leishmaniasis may underlie the divergence of cellular and humoral immunity that occurs during chronic infection with Leishmania and possibly other intracellular parasites.
The familial risk of adult acne: a comparison between first-degree relatives of affected and unaffected individuals (1999)

Acne is principally a disorder of adolescence but persists into middle age in a small minority of individuals. There is some evidence, primarily from twin studies, to suggest that acne may be an inherited disease. We have carried out an investigation of the familial risk of persistent adult acne by studying the occurrence of this condition in first-degree relatives of patients with adult persistent acne compared with the relatives of unaffected matched controls. Two hundred and four patients over the age of 25, referred to our department with facial acne which had persisted from adolescence, were included in the study. For each patient, a detailed pedigree which included all first-degree relatives was drawn up. For all relatives over the age of 25, demographic details and the presence or absence of facial acne was recorded. One hundred and forty-four unaffected controls were recruited. These were matched with the patient group in terms of age, social class and ethnic origin. The same questions were asked of controls as of the cases, and they provided the same information on their first-degree relatives. In total, 204 acne cases and 144 non-acne control volunteers were studied, contributing 1203 and 856 first-degree relatives, respectively. Two hundred and three first-degree relatives of cases were affected with facial acne, compared with 42 first-degree relatives of volunteers. The risk of adult acne occurring in a relative of a patient with adult acne was significantly greater than for the relative of an unaffected individual (odds ratio 3.93, 95% confidence interval 2.79-5.51; P < 0.001). Our study suggests that familial factors are important in determining individual susceptibility to adult persistent facial acne. Genetic factors may determine the failure of acne-prone follicles to evolve into acne-resistant follicles in early adult life.
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke (1992)

An open angiography-based, dose rate escalation study on the effect of intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on cerebral arterial recanalization in patients with acute focal cerebral ischemia was performed at 16 centers. Arterial occlusions consistent with acute ischemia in the carotid or vertebrobasilar territory in the absence of detectable intracerebral hemorrhage were prerequisites for treatment. After the 60-minute rt-PA infusion, arterial perfusion was assessed by repeat angiography and computed tomography scans were performed at 24 hours to assess hemorrhagic transformation. Of 139 patients with symptoms of focal ischemia, 80.6% (112) had complete occlusion of the primary vessel at a mean of 5.4 +/- 1.7 hours after symptom onset. No dose rate response of cerebral arterial recanalization was observed in 93 patients who completed the rt-PA infusion. Middle cerebral artery division (M2) and branch (M3) occlusions were more likely to undergo recanalization by 60 minutes than were internal carotid artery occlusions. Hemorrhagic infarction occurred in 20.2% and parenchymatous hematoma in 10.6% of patients over all dose rates, while neurological worsening accompanied hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic infarction and parenchymatous hematoma) in 9.6% of patients. All findings were within prospective safety guidelines. No dose rate correlation with hemorrhagic infarction, parenchymatous hematoma, or both was seen. Hemorrhagic transformation occurred significantly more frequently in patients receiving treatment at least 6 hours after symptom onset. No relationship between hemorrhagic transformation and recanalization was observed. This study indicates that site of occlusion, time to recanalization, and time to treatment are important variables in acute stroke intervention with this agent.
Lymphoid Neogenesis in Rheumatoid Synovitis (2001)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes can be arranged in sophisticated organizations that resemble microstructures usually formed in secondary lymphoid organs. Molecular pathways and host risk factors involved in this process of lymphoid neogenesis remain to be defined. In a series of 64 synovial tissue biopsies, lymphoid follicles with germinal centers (GCs) were found in 23.4% of the patients. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were exclusively present in tissues with GCs, suggesting that the recruitment or in situ maturation of FDCs is a critical factor for GC formation in the synovial membrane. Primary follicles were absent, emphasizing the role of Ag recognition in the generation of inflammation-associated lymphoid organogenesis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of tissue cytokines and chemokines identified two parameters, in situ transcription of lymphotoxin (LT)-beta and of B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC; BLC/CXCL13), that were predictors for FDC recruitment and synovial GC formation. LT-beta and BLC/CXCL13 were found to be independent variables that could, in part, compensate for each other to facilitate GC formation. Prediction models incorporating in situ transcription of LT-beta and BLC/CXCL13 had high negative yet moderate positive predictive values, suggesting that LT-beta and BLC/CXCL13 are necessary but not sufficient. LT-beta protein was detected on a subset of mantle zone and GC B cells, but also on T cells in follicular structures. BLC/CXCL13 was produced by FDCs in follicular centers, but was predominantly found in endothelial cells and synovial fibroblasts, suggesting heterotypic signaling between cells of the synovial membrane and infiltrating lymphocytes in regulating extranodal lymphoid neogenesis.
Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Produced by Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2005)

Biologically active recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) was produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells and purified by a series of chromatographic steps. The chromatographic steps included anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE Sepharose F/F, Q Sepharose F/F), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Source 15 PHE), and hydroxyapatite chromatography (Macro-Prep ceramic hydroxyapatite type I). A distinctive step of the purification process developed was the use of ZnCl 2 for the removal of non-glycosylated or lowly-glycosylated FSH and impurities through co-precipitation with Zn 2+ . Purified rhFSH was identified and characterized by several physicochemical and biological methods such as gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, amino acid analysis, carbohydrate analysis, and biological activity. The overall yield of the purification was ∼30%. The rhFSH preparation obtained showed high purity (>99%) and high in vivo potency (>16,000 lU/mg). Carbohydrate analysis suggested that the purified rhFSH contained approximately 40% (w/w) carbohydrate with dior tri-antennary structure on average, which is somewhat more heavily sialylated than commercially available rhFSH. In conclusion, the results of these analyses established an identity of the purified rhFSH with natural FSH from human pituitary glands, and furthermore, the purified rhFSH preparation showed higher in vivo potency and was slightly more heavily sialylated than commercially available rhFSH.
Resonator frequency shift due to ultrasonically induced microparticle migration in an aqueous suspension: Observations and model for the maximum frequency shift (1998)

Aqueous suspensions of plastic and hollow-glass microspheres are subjected to the radiation pressure of an ultrasonic standing wave. It is well known that the particles are attracted to the pressure nodes of the standing wave for the particle and host properties considered. We demonstrated that the radiation pressure induced migration of particles leads to a significant shift in the resonant frequency of a suitably designed chamber. This shift is easily resolved with a phase-locked loop even if the particle volume fraction is as small as 0.001. For sufficient ultrasonic amplitudes, the shift is found to saturate at a limiting value. To approximate the limiting frequency shift, the principle of adiabatic invariance is first applied to the case of a single compressible sphere in a standing wave and then superposition is used to give the collective shift for the suspension. The measured limiting shifts are typically within 25% of the calculated value and this method may have application to the characterization of dilute suspensions since the shift is proportional to the volume fraction and to a material contrast factor. The applicability of adiabatic invariance is confirmed by comparing frequency shifts for certain cases of idealized particle spatial distributions with results based on transfer matrix eigenvalues combined with an effective-medium approximation.
In vitro cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis by silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells (2011)

Background: Silica nanoparticles have been discovered to exert cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in normal human cells. However, until now, few studies have investigated the cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in tumor cells. Methods: This study investigated the cytotoxicity of 7–50 nm silica nanoparticles in human HepG2 hepatoma cells, using normal human L-02 hepatocytes as a control. Cell nucleus morphology changes, cellular uptake, and expression of procaspase-9, p53, Bcl-2, and Bax, as well as the activity of caspase-3, and intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels in the silica nanoparticle-treated cells, were analyzed. Results: The antitumor activity of the silica nanoparticles was closely related to particle size, and the antiproliferation activity decreased in the order of 20 nm > 7 nm > 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles were also cytotoxic in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, the silica nanoparticles showed only slight toxicity in the L-02 control cells, Moreover, in HepG2 cells, oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced after exposure to 7–20 nm silica nanoparticles. Expression of p53 and caspase-3 increased, and expression of Bcl-2 and procaspase-9 decreased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the expression of Bax was not significantly changed. Conclusion: A mitochondrial-dependent pathway triggered by oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species may be involved in apoptosis induced by silica nanoparticles, and hence cytotoxicity in human HepG2 hepatic cancer cells. Keywords: silica nanoparticles, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, HepG2 cells, mitochondrial-dependent pathway, oxidative stress
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2006)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a spectrum of diseases composed of malignant helper T lymphocytes. Accurate diagnosis of early CTCL is difficult due to the varied clinical and histologic expressions of the disease.
Heterodimerization of type II phytochromes in Arabidopsis (2004)

Coimmunoprecipitation of members of the phytochrome red/farred photoreceptor family from plant extracts has been used to analyze their heteromeric binding interactions. Phytochrome (phy)B or phyD apoproteins with six myc epitopes fused to their N termini are biologically active when expressed in Arabidopsis. Immunoprecipitation of either of these tagged proteins from seedling extracts coprecipitates additional type II phytochromes: six myc (myc6)-phyB coprecipitates phyC-phyE; and myc6-phyD coprecipitates phyB and phyE. No interaction of the epitope-tagged proteins with type I phyA was detected. Gel filtration chromatography shows that all five of the Arabidopsis phytochromes are present in seedlings as dimers, and that the heteromeric type II phytochrome complexes migrate at molecular masses characteristic of heterodimers. Similar levels of heterodimer formation are observed in extracts of dark-grown seedlings, where the phytochromes are cytosolic, and light-grown seedlings, where they are predominantly nuclear. These findings indicate that Arabidopsis, which until now has been thought to contain five homodimeric forms of phytochrome, in fact contains multiple species of both homodimeric and heterodimeric phytochromes. The conservation of the phytochrome family throughout angiosperms suggests that heterodimeric red/far-red receptors may be present in many flowering plants.
Differential Regulation of Retinoblastoma Protein Function by Specific Cdk Phosphorylation Sites (1996)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, RB, contains at least three distinct protein binding domains. The A/B pocket binds proteins with the LXCXE motif, the C pocket binds the nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase, and the large A/B pocket binds the transcription factor E2F. Dissociation of RB from its targets is observed as RB becomes phosphorylated during G1/S progression. There are 16 Cdk consensus phosphorylation sites in RB. It was previously unknown whether the many phosphorylation sites had redundant or distinct functions in the regulation of RB. Using RB mutant proteins lacking specific phosphorylation sites, we show that each of the binding domains is inhibited by different sites. Thr-821/826 phosphorylation is required to inhibit the binding to LXCXE containing proteins. Mutation of these two sites does not interfere with the hyperphosphorylation of RB. However, this phosphorylated mutant retains the ability to bind T-Ag, E7, and Elf-1, all of which contain the LXCXE motif. In contrast, Ser-807/811 phosphorylation is required to disrupt c-Abl binding. Mutation of Ser-807/811 and Thr-821/826 does not abolish the regulation of E2F binding. Taken together, these results show that the protein binding domains of RB are each regulated by distinct Cdk phosphorylation sites.
Hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain infection in chimpanzees is associated with low pathogenicity and emergence of an adaptive mutation (2008)

Our study shows that the HCV JFH-1 strain causes attenuated infection and low pathogenicity in chimpanzees and is capable of adapting in vivo with a unique mutation conferring an enhanced replicative phenotype.
In Vitro Differentiation of Canine Celiac Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells into Neuronal Cells (2008)

To investigate in vitro differentiation of canine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) into neuronal cells, ATSCs from celiac adipose tissue in clinically healthy beagle dogs were treated with 100 muM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) and 125 muM isobuthylmethylxanthine (IBMX). ATSCs were morphologically changed into differentiated ATSCs from spindle-shaped cells to neuron-like cells with numerous processes after the treatment. Expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as an early neuron specific marker protein was detected in both ATSCs and differentiated ATSCs, however diachronic increase of NSE expression was observed in differentiated ATSCs after the treatment with dbcAMP/IBMX. In addition, neurofilament-68 (NF-68) as an early to mature neuron specific marker protein was weakly expressed in differentiated ATSCs. Neuron specific glutamate and glucose transporter (EAAC1 and GLUT-3, respectively) mRNAs were strongly expressed in differentiated ATSCs compared with those in ATSCs, although glia specific glutamate transporter mRNA (GLT-1) was also detected in differentiated ATSCs. ATSCs can differentiate into early to mature neuronal cells and are candidate cells for autologous nerve regeneration therapy, although additional research is needed to examine functional characteristics of differentiated ATSCs.
Suppression of Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Small Interfering RNA Targeting Heat Shock Protein 47 (2007)

Our results indicate that HSP47 is a candidate target for the prevention of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and that selective blockade of the HSP47 expression by using siRNA could be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for patients with renal disease.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity Cooperate Flexibly to Maintain Host-Microbiota Mutualism (2009)

Commensal bacteria in the lower intestine of mammals are 10 times as numerous as the body's cells. We investigated the relative importance of different immune mechanisms in limiting the spread of the intestinal microbiota. Here, we reveal a flexible continuum between innate and adaptive immune function in containing commensal microbes. Mice deficient in critical innate immune functions such as Toll-like receptor signaling or oxidative burst production spontaneously produce high-titer serum antibodies against their commensal microbiota. These antibody responses are functionally essential to maintain host-commensal mutualism in vivo in the face of innate immune deficiency. Spontaneous hyper-activation of adaptive immunity against the intestinal microbiota, secondary to innate immune deficiency, may clarify the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory diseases where immune dysfunction is implicated.
Effects of Metabolic Perturbation on Plasma Homovanillic Acid in Schizophrenia (1993)

These data support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with abnormal regulation of dopamine and that this deficit may be related to reduced frontal cortical inhibitory influences.