gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Intravenous Angiotensin II Infusion on Responses to Hypothalamic PVN Injection of Bicuculline (2003)

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays an important role in the sympathoexcitatory response to elevated plasma angiotensin II (Ang II). However, the mechanism by which Ang II influences sympathetic activity is not fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GABA(gamma-aminobutyric acid)-ergic function in the PVN is reduced by peripheral infusion of Ang II. To accomplish this, rats received either intravenous Ang II (12 ng/kg per minute) or vehicle (D5W) for 7 days, and renal sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) responses were recorded after unilateral PVN microinjection of the GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 0.1 nmol). Results indicate that in contrast to a significant increase in renal SNA, MAP, and HR observed in vehicle-infused rats (P<0.05), BMI injection into the PVN of Ang II-infused animals was without effect on all recorded variables. In a separate groups of animals, ganglionic blockade produced a significantly greater fall in MAP (P<0.01) in Ang II-infused rats than in vehicle-infused control rats, indicating that the contribution of SNA to the maintenance of blood pressure was elevated in the Ang II-infused group. Overall, these data indicate that cardiovascular and sympathoexcitatory responses to acute GABA-A receptor antagonism in the PVN are significantly blunted in rats after 7 days of intravenous infusion of Ang II. We conclude that an Ang II-induced reduction in GABAergic inhibition within the PVN may contribute to elevated SNA observed in this study.
A synthetic malaria vaccine elicits a potent CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocyte immune response in humans. Implications for vaccination strategies. (2001)

Following stimulation, primary B cells either directly undergo terminal differentiation to IgM-secreting plasma cells or enter the memory pathway characterized by affinity maturation and isotype switching. Which of the various fates is adopted by B cells is determined by the strength and duration of the antigenic signal, the availability and quality of T cell help and additional signals derived from the germinal center milieu. High rate secretion is correlated with endogenous Blimp-1 levels and can be caused by ectopic expression of Blimp-1. Using cultures of resting primary mouse B cells stimulated in vitro in various combinations with IL-4, anti-mu F(ab')2 or anti-CD40 in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide, we show that IgM secretion and the expression of Blimp-1 is either not induced or even suppressed by B cell receptors (BCR) or CD40 ligation and by IL-4. Additional treatment with IL-2 and IL-5 induces Blimp-1 expression and facilitates IgM and IgG1 secretion, which can also be achieved by retroviral transduction of Blimp-1. On the other hand, the drastic increase in membrane IgG1(+) cells with time in cultures treated with IL-4 is greatly diminished in cells forced to express Blimp-1. We conclude that suppression of Blimp-1 by antigen-BCR interaction and T helper cell-dependent CD40 and IL-4 signaling are necessary to facilitate entrance into the memory pathway and to prevent terminal differentiation.
Vector perturbation precoding and user scheduling for network MIMO (2011)

In this paper, we apply vector perturbation (VP) precoding to a network multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme, in which downlink transmissions from base stations are coordinated. We propose a multi-cell VP by introducing a common power scaling factor for all base stations in order to satisfy per base station power constraint. In our scenario, we consider multiple-antenna users with heterogeneous signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Our work is an extension of earlier work on VP to a multi-cell network with multiple-antenna users. The sum rate for the multi-cell VP in the case of uniformly distributed input is obtained and an asymptotic upper bound for it is proposed. The results show that the multi-cell VP is superior to the multi-cell block diagonalization (BD). By using the upper bound on the sum rate, we propose a user scheduling algorithm, which provides better performance and is less complex than semi-orthogonal user selection in the case of multiple-antenna users (SUS-MA).
Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Human Cancer (2005)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous and essential regulator of cellular and physiologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell survival, angiogenesis, and immunosurveillance. Alterations in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, including mutation or deletion of members of the signaling pathway and resistance to TGF-beta-mediated inhibition of proliferation are frequently observed in human cancers. Although these alterations define a tumor suppressor role for the TGF-beta pathway in human cancer, TGF-beta also mediates tumor-promoting effects, either through differential effects on tumor and stromal cells or through a fundamental alteration in the TGF-beta responsiveness of the tumor cells themselves. TGF-beta and members of the TGF-beta signaling pathway are being evaluated as prognostic or predictive markers for cancer patients. Ongoing advances in understanding the TGF-beta signaling pathway will enable targeting of this pathway for the chemoprevention and treatment of human cancers.
Topical Bevacizumab and Ocular Surface Neovascularization in Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (2008)

Topical bevacizumab is well tolerated and may be effective in improving comfort and inducing regression of ocular surface neovascularization, conjunctival injection, and corneal opacification in patients with ocular surface disease caused by Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Further controlled and long-term studies are needed to fully evaluate the long-term effects of this novel treatment.
Triboelectric Charging in Simulated Mars Environment (1999)

Triboelectric charging of nonconducting materials followed by sudden electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage electronic equipment and become ignition hazard to combustible materials. Mars atmosphere has near zero humidity and therefore natural charge bleeding to surroundings is anticipated to be limited. Potential mitigation of ESD problems has been conjectured based upon strong extraterrestrial radiation on Mars compared to earth. A hypothesis was formulated that ESD problem is less significant in simulated Mars condition since strong radiation and presence of argon will generate an ionized environment; this will be conducive to rapid bleeding of static charge into the surroundings.
Potential Anticancer Agents.1 XVIII. Synthesis of Substituted 4,5-Trimethylenepyrimidines (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XVIII. Synthesis of Substituted 4,5-TrimethylenepyrimidinesLeonard O. Ross, Leon Goodman, and B. R. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 3108–3114Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01521a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple-wavelength top-emitting vertical-cavityphotonic integrated emitter arrays for direct-coupled wavelength-division multiplexing applications (1998)

Multiple-wavelength photonic integrated emitter arrays are demonstrated for low cost direct-coupled wavelength-division multiplexing applications. Each array consists of eight pie-shaped top-emitting vertical-cavity lasers with a manufacturable planar structure. The achieved linear channel spacing and total lasing wavelength span are 4.0 and 28.8 nm, respectively.
Secure and practical defense against code-injection attacks using software dynamic translation (2006)

One of the most common forms of security attacks involves exploiting a vulnerability to inject malicious code into an executing application and then cause the injected code to be executed. A theoretically strong approach to defending against any type of code-injection attack is to create and use a process-specific instruction set that is created by a randomization algorithm. Code injected by an attacker who does not know the randomization key will be invalid for the randomized processor effectively thwarting the attack. This paper describes a secure and efficient implementation of instruction-set randomization (ISR) using software dynamic translation. The paper makes three contributions beyond previous work on ISR. First, we describe an implementation that uses a strong cipher algorithm--the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), to perform randomization. AES is generally believed to be impervious to known attack methodologies. Second, we demonstrate that ISR using AES can be implemented practically and efficiently (considering both execution time and code size overheads) without requiring special hardware support. The third contribution is that our approach detects malicious code before it is executed. Previous approaches relied on probabilistic arguments that execution of non-randomized foreign code would eventually cause a fault or runtime exception.
A structural determinant required for RNA editing (2011)

RNA editing by adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs) can be both specific and non-specific, depending on the substrate. Specific editing of particular adenosines may depend on the overall sequence and structural context. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these preferences are not fully understood. Here, we show that duplex structures mimicking an editing site in the Gabra3 pre-mRNA unexpectedly fail to support RNA editing at the Gabra3 I/M site, although phylogenetic analysis suggest an evolutionarily conserved duplex structure essential for efficient RNA editing. These unusual results led us to revisit the structural requirement for this editing by mutagenesis analysis. In vivo nuclear injection experiments of mutated editing substrates demonstrate that a non-conserved structure is a determinant for editing. This structure contains bulges either on the same or the strand opposing the edited adenosine. The position of these bulges and the distance to the edited base regulate editing. Moreover, elevated folding temperature can lead to a switch in RNA editing suggesting an RNA structural change. Our results indicate the importance of RNA tertiary structure in determining RNA editing.
Transfer of 3 in GaAs film on silicon substrateby proton implantation process (1998)

For the first time, transfer of a thin monocrystalline GaAs film from its original bulk substrate onto a silicon substrate was achieved by proton implantation and wafer bonding. Successful transfers of 3 in GaAs film are presented.
Rapid diagnosis of MCAD deficiency: quantitative analysis of octanoylcarnitine and other acylcarnitines in newborn blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry (1997)

We report the application of tandem mass spectrometry to prospective newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. MCAD deficiency is diagnosed from dried blood spots on filter paper cards from newborns on the basis of the increase of medium chain length acylcarnitines identified by isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods. A robust and accurate semiautomated method for the analysis of medium chain length acylcarnitines as their butyl esters was developed and validated. Quantitative data from the analyses of 113 randomly collected filter paper blood spots from healthy newborns showed low concentrations of medium chain length acylcarnitines such as octanoylcarnitine. The maximum concentration of octanoylcarnitine was 0.22 mumol/L, with the majority being at or below the detection limit. In all 16 blood spots from newborns with confirmed MCAD deficiency, octanoylcarnitine was highly increased [median 8.4 mumol/L (range 3.1-28.3 mumol/L)], allowing easy detection. The concentration of octanoylcarnitine was significantly higher in these 16 newborns (< 3 days of age) than in 16 older patients (ages 8 days to 7 years) with MCAD deficiency (median 1.57 mumol/L, range 0.33-4.4). The combined experience of prospective newborn screening in Pennsylvania and North Carolina has shown a disease frequency for MCAD deficiency of 1 in 17,706. No false-positive and no known false-negative results have been found. A validated method now exists for prospective newborn screening for MCAD deficiency.
Phenolic Hydrazones Are Potent Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Proinflammatory Activity and Survival Improving Agents in Sepsis (2007)

A series of phenolic hydrazones were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tautomerase activity. Compound 7 emerged as a potent inhibitor of MIF with an IC50 of 130 nM. Compound 7 dose-dependently suppressed TNFalpha secretion from lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. The therapeutic importance of the MIF inhibition by 7 is demonstrated by the significant protection from the lethality of sepsis when administration of the compound was initiated in a clinically relevant time frame.
Lectin and Carbohydrate Affinity Capture Surfaces for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Microorganisms (2001)

In a preliminary report (Bundy, J. L.; Fenselau, C. Anal. Chem 1999, 71, 1460-1463), we demonstrated the use of lectin-derivatized surfaces to capture and concentrate complex carbohydrates as well as microorganisms from sample matrixes unamenable to direct MALDI mass spectrometry. Here, we extend the work to include samples representative of a wider variety of microorganisms of importance to human health and of enveloped viruses. In this study, lectins were immobilized directly to a membrane surface via primary amines. A complementary approach was also explored, using immobilized carbohydrates to capture bacteria via microbial lectins expressed on their surfaces. The carbohydrate-based surfaces were constructed by first immobilizing streptavidin to the membrane, followed by attachment of a commercially produced biotin/carbohydrate polymer. Acid treatment of the sample prior to mass spectrometric analysis permits the observation of protein biomarkers from the captured microbial samples in the 5-20 kDa mass range. Bacteria samples were detected from physiological buffers, urine, milk, and processed chicken samples using the biocapture probes. Viral samples were detected from culture based on glycoprotein moieties desorbed directly from the surface. The carbohydrate-based system provided greater sensitivity than the lectin system, possibly due to the larger number of accessible saccharide ligands on the polymer.
Active Transport of the Survival Motor Neuron Protein and the Role of Exon-7 in Cytoplasmic Localization (2003)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron protein Gene (SMN1) that results in the expression of a truncated protein lacking the C terminal exon-7. Whereas SMN has been shown to be an important component of diverse ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, its function in neurons is unknown. We hypothesize that the active transport of SMN may be important for neurite outgrowth and that disruption of exon-7 could impair its normal intracellular trafficking. SMN was localized in granules that were associated with cytoskeletal filament systems and distributed throughout neurites and growth cones. Live cell imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-SMN granules revealed rapid, bidirectional and cytoskeletal-dependent movements. Exon-7 was necessary for localization of SMN into the cytoplasm but was not sufficient for granule formation and transport. A cytoplasmic targeting signal within exon-7 was identified that could completely redistribute the nuclear protein D-box binding factor 1 into the cytoplasm. Neurons transfected with SMN lacking exon-7 had significantly shorter neurites, a defect that could be rescued by redirecting the exon-7 deletion mutant into neurites by a targeting sequence from growth-associated protein-43. These findings provide the first demonstration of cytoskeletal-based active transport of SMN in neuronal processes and the function of exon-7 in cytoplasmic localization. Such observations provide motivation to investigate possible transport defects or inefficiency of SMN associated RNPs in motor neuron axons in SMA.
Age Dependence of Adenovirus-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Titers in Individuals from Sub-Saharan Africa (2006)

We assessed neutralizing antibody titers to adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and six rare adenovirus serotypes, serotypes 11, 35, 50, 26, 48, and 49, in pediatric populations in sub-Saharan Africa. We observed a clear age dependence of Ad5-specific neutralizing antibody titers. These data will help to guide the development of Ad vector-based vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other pathogens.
Guided-Mode Resonance Biochemical Sensor Technology (2009)

Optical leaky-mode resonance effects associated with periodic waveguides are reviewed and their application potential in biosensing is explained. Use of resonant sensors for label-free biochemical monitoring is described. Novel transmission-based sensor designs are discussed.
Essential residues in V(D)J recombination signals. (1994)

Recombination signal sequences for V(D)J joining consist of a conserved heptamer (CACAGTG) and a nonamer (ACAAAAACC) separated by a spacer of a constant length (12 bp or 23 bp). In the present study, we have analyzed various recombination signal mutations for their effects in V(D)J joining. Using a retroviral vector, we introduced mutant substrates stably into pre-B cells, and assayed recombination using the lacZ gene as a reporter. This method allowed us to study recombination in a single copy within the context of the host cell chromosome. Because this assay did not show any detectable background, it was quite useful in the analysis of low level recombinations. In the heptamer, mutations in the first three residues severely dropped the joining rates. Among them, the first residue adjacent to the recombination site was found to be most essential. Although mutations in the heptamer reduced the joining rate to various extents, they did not lower the site-specificity of recombination. With regard to the nonamer, the presence of three consecutive A residues was necessary for efficient recombination. Furthermore, the nucleotides flanking the A-rich core needed to be other than A residues, probably marking the border of the A-stretch. This may be important when the recombinase measures the distance between the heptamer and the nonamer to satisfy the 12/23-bp spacer rule.
Production of Mice Entirely Derived from Embryonic Stem (ES) Cell with Many Passages by Coculture of ES Cells with Cytochalasin B Induced Tetraploid Embryos. (1995)

Mice entirely derived from ES cells were obtained from aggregates of TT2 ES cells and cytochalasin B induced tetraploid embryos. Tetraploid embryos were cocultured with ES cells in a well on the Multiplate-Terasaki. After embryo transfer of the aggregates, the male newborns were recovered normally after Cesarean section and reached adulthood. The male mice exhibited complete pigmentation of the eye and coat, suggesting ES cell contributions alone. Alkaline phosphatase-1 analysis yielded no evidence of tetraploid cells in the kidney or liver. The TT2-derived males were fertile, produced normal offspring, and exclusively transmitted the TT2 genotype to their progeny. This result clearly shows that ES cells are able to support complete fetal development.
Cancer metastasis directly eradicated by targeted therapy with a modified Salmonella typhimurium (2009)

Cancer metastasis is the life-threatening aspect of cancer and is usually resistant to standard treatment. We report here a targeted therapy strategy for cancer metastasis using a genetically-modified strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The genetically-modified strain of S. typhimurium is auxotrophic for the amino acids arginine and leucine. These mutations preclude growth in normal tissue but do not reduce bacterial virulence in cancer cells. The tumor-targeting strain of S. typhimurium, termed A1-R, and expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), was administered to both axillary lymph and popliteal lymph node metastasis of human pancreatic cancer and fibrosarcoma, respectively, as well as lung metastasis of the fibrosarcoma in nude mice. The bacteria were delivered via a lymphatic channel to target the lymph node metastases and systemically via the tail vein to target the lung metastasis. The cancer cells expressed red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm and GFP in the nucleus linked to histone H2B, enabling color-coded real-time imaging of the bacteria targeting the metastatic tumors. After 7-21 days of treatment, the metastases were eradicated without the need of chemotherapy or any other treatment. No adverse effects were observed. This new strategy demonstrates the clinical potential of targeting and curing cancer metastasis with engineered bacteria without the need of toxic chemotherapy.
High susceptibility of human cancer xenografts with higher levels of cytidine deaminase to a 2'-deoxycytidine antimetabolite, 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine. (1998)

2'-Deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (DMDC) is a new 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) antimetabolite. The present study compared its antitumor activities with those of 2',2'-difluorodeoxy-cytidine (gemcitabine) in 15 human cancer xenograft models. DMDC was highly resistant to cytidine (Cyd) deaminase, which deaminates the dCyd analogues to inactive molecules, whereas gemcitabine was susceptible to the enzyme. Given p.o., high antitumor activity with therapeutic index of more than 10 was found with DMDC in 7 of 15 xenograft lines. In contrast, gemcitabine given i.v. or p.o. was highly effective in 4 of 15 human cancer xenograft lines. The antitumor spectrum of these compounds was quite different, although their molecular targets are reported to be similar. DMDC was highly effective in tumors with higher levels of Cyd deaminase activity, whereas it showed only slight activity in those with lower levels of Cyd deaminase. In contrast, gemcitabine appeared to be less effective in tumors with high levels of Cyd deaminase. We also investigated the correlation with the susceptibility to the two dCyd antimetabolites and dCyd kinase activity in tumors, but none was observed. Cyd deaminase activity was found to be high in tumor tissues from various types of human cancers thus far tested, such as colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Such cancer types or individual patients who have tumors with high activity of the enzyme may be targets for DMDC therapy.
Overcoming the Diffraction Limit with Metamaterials (2012)

2008 , , 2012