gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patients with IgA nephropathy have circulating anti-basement membrane antibodies reacting with structures common to collagen I, II, and IV. (1986)

It has recently been shown that patients with IgA nephropathy have circulating IgA antibodies against extracts of human glomerular basement membrane. The present study extends those observations and demonstrates by using ELISA and immunoblotting techniques that patients with IgA nephropathy have circulating IgA antibodies against collagen IV alpha chains. The antigenicity of the alpha chains could be destroyed by digestion with collagenase, which indicates that the antigenic site(s) is located on the triple helical part of collagen IV. Furthermore, it was shown by inhibition tests that the IgA antibodies are directed against epitopes also present in collagen I and II isolated after pepsin digestion.
Genetic analysis of 63 mutations affecting maize kernel development isolated from Mutator stocks. (1994)

Sixty-three mutations affecting development of the maize kernel were isolated from active Robertson's Mutator (Mu) stocks. At least 14 previously undescribed maize gene loci were defined by mutations in this collection. Genetic mapping located 53 of these defective kernel (dek) mutations to particular chromosome arms, and more precise map determinations were made for 21 of the mutations. Genetic analyses identified 20 instances of allelism between one of the novel mutations and a previously described dek mutation, or between new dek mutations identified in this study; phenotypic variability was observed in three of the allelic series. Viability testing of homozygous mutant kernels identified numerous dek mutations with various pleiotropic effects on seedling and plant development. The mutations described here presumably arose by insertion of a Mu transposon within a dek gene; thus, many of the affected loci are expected to be accessible to molecular cloning via transposon-tagging.
Association of Genetic and Environmental Factors With Autism in a 5-Country Cohort (2019)

Based on population data from 5 countries, the heritability of ASD was estimated to be approximately 80%, indicating that the variation in ASD occurrence in the population is mostly owing to inherited genetic influences, with no support for contribution from maternal effects. The results suggest possible modest differences in the sources of ASD risk between countries.
On the explanation of the acidic pH requirement for in vitro activity of colicin E1. Site-directed mutagenesis at Glu-468. (1987)

The in vitro acidic pH dependence of colicin E1 channel activity was investigated by directed mutagenesis of Glu-468 in the colicin E1 channel domain, a residue conserved in the sequences of the four channel-forming colicins examined so far. Mutations were made to the amino acids leucine, serine, glutamine, or lysine, residues of different polarity and charge. All of the mutant polypeptides possessed high cytotoxic activity in vivo, although in vitro activity, especially with planar membranes, was lower than that of the wild type protein. A change in the in vitro acidic pH dependence of activity could be readily detected in the mutation to the hydrophobic leucine residue. The dependence of mutant activity on pH in the interval 3.5-5.0 was markedly smaller than that of the wild type, whether assayed on membrane vesicles or membrane bilayers. Differences in pH dependence between the wild type and the polar serine and glutamine mutants were small or of marginal statistical significance. No change in pH dependence could be detected with the charged lysine mutant. The residual pH dependence in all cases indicated that more than one carboxylic residue must be protonated to account for the increased activity at acidic pH values. A role of Glu-468 in the mechanism of channel formation or function was implied by the changes determined in vitro of channel parameters relative to the wild type: (i) the relatively small rates of current increase measured for colicin COOH-terminal peptide derived from the mutants, (ii) the small values of steady-state conductance of mutant peptide at pH 3.5, and (iii) the reduced anion selectivity of peptide from the serine mutant.
Interferon-Stimulated Gene-15 (Isg15) Expression Is Up-Regulated in the Mouse Uterus in Response to the Implanting Conceptus (2003)

An early response of the human and bovine endometrium to pregnancy is induction of an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) that encodes the ubiquitin-related protein, ISG15. Because the mode of implantation differs among species, we tested whether Isg15 mRNA was also expressed in the mouse uterus in response to the implanting conceptus. Isg15 mRNA was detected in the mouse uterus and increased after d 4.5 of pregnancy but did not change between d 3.5 and 9.5 of pseudopregnancy. Within the decidua, Isg15 mRNA was localized to the antimesometrial zone of the implantation sites. The level of Isg15 mRNA in artificially induced deciduomas was similar to the nonpregnant uterus and was approximately 10-fold lower than in the pregnant uterus. In vitro, murine decidual cells derived from artificially induced deciduomas could be induced to produce the Isg15 protein as well as Isg15-conjugated proteins when stimulated with type 1 IFN, though were less responsive to IFN-gamma. Isg15 is one of few gene products identified in murine implantation sites to require presence of the conceptus and not simply differentiation of the stroma. In vitro data support the inference that the pregnancy-specific inducer of uterine Isg15 is a type 1 IFN or a cytokine that signals through a similar pathway.
New Analogs of Methotrexate in Cancer and Arthritis (1995)

Abstract: Aminopterin and its N10-methyl analog; methotrexate, were synthesized in the late 1940s and methotrexate was subsequently incorporated into clinical use as an antitumor agent in the mid-1950s. In more recent years methotrexate has also become accepted as an effective agent for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Structure-activity studies have been ongoing over the past 40 years in an effort to develop a safer and more effective version of this powerful antifolate. Early work featured replacement of nitrogen atoms at various positions in the pterin ring, substitution about the phenyl ring in the side chain and alteration in the glutamic acid subunit. These studies shed considerable light on structural requirements for antitumor activity. However, new agents with serious potential for clinical introduction were not encountered until structural modification of the region bridging the pterin and benzoyl glutamate side chain took place. A series of 10-substituted-10-deazaaminopterin analogs was investigated and found to have activity superior to methotrexate in several tumor models in vivo. There was in vitro evidence for facilitated transport into tumor cells versus sensitive host tissue cells and increased polyglutamylation within the tumor cells such that a selective accumulation was achieved in tumor tissue. 10-Ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (Edatrexate) was found to be clinically effective against lung and breast solid tumors. Our laboratories have continued to pursue structural modifications of 10-deaza, 5,10-dideaza and 8,10-dideazaaminopterins in an effort to improve upon the efficacy of edatrexate. Additional variation has been made in the "bridge region" and various heterocyclic rings have been introduced in place of the side chain phenyl ring. These modifications have resulted in additional new antitumor agents and compounds with activity exceeding that of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.
High‐throughput Caco‐2 cell permeability screening by cassette dosing and sample pooling approaches using direct injection/on‐line guard cartridge extraction/tandem mass spectrometry (2000)

A method for high-throughput Caco-2 permeability screening of drug candidates has been developed using thirteen generic drugs as test compounds. The high throughput was achieved by either a sample pooling or a cassette dosing approach, along with the use of a rapid, simple and sensitive direct injection/on-line guard cartridge extraction/tandem mass spectrometric assay that was also developed in this study. It was of concern that possible drug-drug interactions (e.g., inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport of a drug by another, and/or competition of the drugs for transport pathways), when the cassette dosing regimen was implemented, may give rise to inconsistent results compared with those attained by a traditional single-drug dosing approach. However, the apparent permeability coefficients of the test drugs across Caco-2 monolayers measured by the sample pooling or cassette dosing (up to five drugs co-administered in this study) strategy were in good conformity with the data obtained by single-drug dosing followed by discrete sample analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards an Understanding of DNA Recognition by the Methyl-CpG Binding Domain 1 (2005)

CpG methylation determines a variety of biological functions of DNA. The methylation signal is interpreted by proteins containing a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBDs). Based on the NMR structure of MBD1 complexed with methylated DNA we analysed the recognition mode by means of molecular dynamics simulations. As the protein is monomeric and recognizes a symmetrically methylated CpG step, the recognition mode is an asymmetric one. We find that the two methyl groups do not contribute equally to the binding energy. One methyl group is associated with the major part of the binding energy and the other one nearly does not contribute at all. The contribution of the two cytosine methyl groups to binding energy is calculated to be -3.6 kcal/mol. This implies a contribution of greater than two orders of magnitude to the binding constant. The conserved amino acid Asp32 is known to be essential for DNA binding by MBD1, but so far no direct contact with DNA has been observed. We detected a direct DNA base contact to Asp32. This could be the main reason for the importance of this amino acid. MBD contacts DNA exclusively in the major groove, the minor groove is reserved for histone contacts. We found a deformation of the minor groove shape due to complexation by MBD1, which indicates an information transfer between the major and the minor groove.
SoundCompass: A Distributed MEMS Microphone Array-Based Sensor for Sound Source Localization (2014)

Sound source localization is a well-researched subject with applications ranging from localizing sniper fire in urban battlefields to cataloging wildlife in rural areas. One critical application is the localization of noise pollution sources in urban environments, due to an increasing body of evidence linking noise pollution to adverse effects on human health. Current noise mapping techniques often fail to accurately identify noise pollution sources, because they rely on the interpolation of a limited number of scattered sound sensors. Aiming to produce accurate noise pollution maps, we developed the SoundCompass, a low-cost sound sensor capable of measuring local noise levels and sound field directionality. Our first prototype is composed of a sensor array of 52 Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones, an inertial measuring unit and a low-power field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This article presents the SoundCompass's hardware and firmware design together with a data fusion technique that exploits the sensing capabilities of the SoundCompass in a wireless sensor network to localize noise pollution sources. Live tests produced a sound source localization accuracy of a few centimeters in a 25-m2 anechoic chamber, while simulation results accurately located up to five broadband sound sources in a 10,000-m2 open field.
Effect of Systemic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition on Periodontal Wound Repair: A Proof of Concept Trial (2004)

This pilot study suggests that LDD in combination with AFS may improve the response of surgical therapy in reducing probing depth in severe chronic periodontal disease. LDD administration also tends to reduce local periodontal bone resorption during drug administration. The use of LDD did not appear to contribute to any significant shifts in the microbiota beyond that of surgery alone.
A mutation designed to alter crystal packing permits structural analysis of a tight‐binding fluorescein–scFv complex (2005)

The structure of the scFv fragment FITC-E2, obtained from a naive phage antibody scFv library derived from human donors, was determined at 2.1 A resolution in the free form and at 3.0 A in the complexed form. The wild-type (wt) scFv binds fluorescein with a K(D) of 0.75 nM. The free scFv readily crystallizes by compacting its 18 amino acid-long CDR-H3, partially occluding the binding site and further blocking access by binding to the "bottom" of a neighboring scFv molecule with a cluster of exposed aromatic residues within CDR-H3. Only upon mutating one of the residues involved in this dominant crystal contact, an exposed tryptophan in the middle of CDR-H3, crystals of the complex could be obtained. A series of alanine mutants within the putative antigen binding site, covering a range of binding affinities, were used to relate macroscopic thermodynamic and kinetic binding parameters to single-molecule disruption forces measured by AFM. The effects of the mutations on the binding properties, particularly on the fraction of binding-competent molecules within the population, cannot be fully explained by changes in the strength of local interactions. The significant conformational change of CDR-H3 between the free and the liganded form illustrates the plasticity of the binding site. An accompanying study in this issue by Curcio and colleagues presents the molecular dynamics simulation of the forced unbinding experiments and explores possible effects of the mutations on the unbinding pathway of the hapten.
C 60 thin-film transistors with low work-function metal electrodes (2004)

We report C60 thin-film transistor characteristics of top-contact structure with low work-function source and drain electrodes. The electron mobility of the Mg electrode device is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Ag electrode device. The depth profile obtained by using secondary-ion mass spectroscopy demonstrates that Mg atoms strongly diffuse into C60 film during Mg deposition. These findings indicate that the improved mobility is due to the reduction of the parasitic resistance under source and drain electrodes by the Mg doping effect.
Reflection and transmission guided-mode resonance filters (1997)

New reflection and transmission optical filters based on guided-mode resonances in multilayer waveguide gratings are characterized and compared with homogeneous thin-film filters. These guided-mode resonance filters are implemented by integration of diffraction gratings into classical thin-film multilayers to produce high-efficiency filter response and arbitrarily low sidebands extended over a large spectral range. Compared with homogeneous thin-film reflection filters, guided-mode resonance reflection filters require significantly fewer layers for a narrow linewidth and a high peak response to be obtained. The single-grating transmission filters presented have a narrower linewidth than Fabry–Perot filters with an equal number of layers and similar materials while maintaining high peak transmittance and low sidebands.
Improvement of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based retrovirus vectors by using different cis-acting sequences from ALVs (1991)

Production and expression of double-expression vectors which transduce both Neo(r) and lacZ genes and are based on the structure of avian leukosis virus were enhanced by using cis-acting sequences (long terminal repeats and noncoding sequences) from Rous-associated virus-1 and Rous-associated virus-2 rather than those of avian erythroblastosis virus previously used in our constructs. Polyclonal producer cells obtained after transfection of these vectors into the Isolde packaging cell line gave rise to titers as high as 3 x 10(5) lacZ CFU/ml, whereas it was possible to isolate clones of producer cells giving rise to titers of more than 10(6) resistance focus-forming units per ml.
The zebrafish detour gene is essential for cranial but not spinal motor neuron induction (1999)

The zebrafish detour (dtr) mutation generates a novel neuronal phenotype. In dtr mutants, most cranial motor neurons, especially the branchiomotor, are missing. However, spinal motor neurons are generated normally. The loss of cranial motor neurons is not due to aberrant hindbrain patterning, failure of neurogenesis, increased cell death or absence of hh expression. Furthermore, activation of the Hh pathway, which normally induces branchiomotor neurons, fails to induce motor neurons in the dtr hindbrain. Despite this, not all Hh-mediated regulation of hindbrain development is abolished since the regulation of a neural gene by Hh is intact in the dtr hindbrain. Finally, dtr can function cell autonomously to induce branchiomotor neurons. These results suggest that detour encodes a component of the Hh signaling pathway that is essential for the induction of motor neurons in the hindbrain but not in the spinal cord and that dtr function is required for the induction of only a subset of Hh-mediated events in the hindbrain.
Mechanically Coupled Contour Mode Piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride MEMS Filters (2006)

A new class of mechanically coupled contour mode MEMS filters is demonstrated using a thin film piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) process. The use of contour modes, whose frequencies are set by lithographically defined dimensions, permits the co-fabrication of multiple filters at arbitrary frequencies on the same chip. The stronger electromechnical coupling of the thin film piezoelectric structural material vis-à-vis electrostatically transduced devices results in lower insertion losses (as low as 1.5 dB) with termination values of 1 to 2.5 kΩ. Finally, filters synthesized using mechanically coupled resonators are fundamentally capable of wider bandwidths than electrically coupled ladder filters without requiring external tuning elements. Two designs for bandpass filters are analyzed, fabricated, and tested. The filters have center frequencies of 40 and 100 MHz.
Large scale synthetic method for free standing graphene film and graphene sponges (2010)

He re we present a simple method to prepare large-scale graphene sponges and free-standing graphene films using a speed vacuum concentrator. During a centrifugal evaporation process, suspended graphene oxide (GO) sheets in an aqueous solution have been assembled to generate network-linked GO sponges or a series of multilayer GO films depending on the temperature of a centrifugal vacuum chamber. While sponge-like bulk GO materials (GO sponges) have been produced at 40 °C, uniform free-standing GO films which size were up to 9 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were generated at 80 °C. The thickness of GO films can be controlled from 200 nm to 1 µm based on the concentration of the GO colloidal suspension and evaporation temperature. The synthesized GO films exhibit high flexibility with a smooth surface and condensed density. Reduced GO sponges and films have been produced through a thermal annealing process at 800°C with H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Ar flow. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) were employed to charaterize the reduced GO sponges and films.
Monetary Policy vs. Foreign Exchange Rate: A Statistical Analysis (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic impact of the Feds rate cuts on foreign exchange movements. Using secondary data, the paper estimates the lagged effects of the changes in money supply due to the rate cuts on the foreign exchange rates between the US dollar and the Japanese Yen ($/), British Pounds ($/), and the euro ($/), respectively. Since the impact of monetary policy tends to have a time lag, as suggested by Hall and Taylor, the study segments the measurements in six months intervals (6 months form the cut, 12 months from the cut, 18 months from the cut and 24 months from the cut). The relationship between the changes in money supply and potential impact on foreign exchange rate movements will be investigated using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficients (PPMCC) as well as Spearmans Rank Correlation coefficients (SRCC, the nonparametric alternative to the PPMCC). Then, a hypothesis test will be conducted to determine whether the correlation between the Federal Reserves stimulating monetary policy and foreign exchange rate movements is significant.
Nanoparticle Alignment and Repulsion during Failure of Glassy Polymer Nanocomposites (2006)

We use a model material of polystyrene blended with surface-modified cadmium selenide nanoparticles to investigate the interaction between polymer molecules and nanoparticles during the process of crazing. We demonstrate that nanoparticles undergo three stages of rearrangement during craze formation and propagation in glassy polymer nanocomposites: (1) alignment along the precraze, (2) expulsion from craze fibrils, and (3) assembly into clusters entrapped between craze fibrils. These results provide insight into the failure mechanisms of glassy polymer nanocomposites.
Network objects (1993)

A network object is an object whose methods can be invoked over a network. This paper describes the design, implementation, and early experience with a network objects system for Modula-3. The system is novel for its overall simplicity. The paper includes a thorough description of realistic marshaling algorithms for network objects.
Let them see you sweat (2014)

Sweat, ick. It betrays our nervousness, leaves unsightly blotches on our clothes, drips down our faces, and makes us stink. Sure, it cools us when we overheat, but most of the time we think of it purely as an inconvenience. We may soon, however, learn to like our sweat a lot more-or at least what it can reveal about our health. We'd certainly prefer giving a doctor a little sweat to being punctured for a blood test-or even providing a urine sample-as long as we didn't have to run a mile or sit in a sauna to do it. And if sweat could provide constant updates about our bodies' reactions to a medication, or track head trauma in athletes, we might just start to appreciate it. Sweat contains a trove of medical information and can provide it in almost real time. And now you can monitor your sweat with a wearable gadget that stimulates and collects it using a small patch and analyzes it using a smartphone-that is, if you visit my lab.
Compact Multimode Multielement Antenna for Indoor UWB Massive MIMO (2016)

In this paper, we present a concept for a compact ultra-wideband multielement antenna (MEA) for massive MIMO indoor base stations. The antenna concept is based on the simultaneous excitation of different characteristic modes on each element of the MEA. This enables an effective 484 port antenna using only 121 physical antenna elements. Thereby, a size reduction of 54% compared to a generic MEA based on crossed dipoles is achieved. The antenna operates in the ultra-wide frequency band of 6-8.5 GHz with a reflection coefficient of s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ii</sub> <; -10 dB and the interelement and intraelement mutual coupling of the antenna ports is s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ji</sub> ≤ -20 dB.
Risks to the public in computers and related systems (1990)

defray the cost of SEN distribution. SIGSOFT distribution should not be used as a substitute for distributing the proceedings at the conference or workshop. Instead this should be seen as an added cost to increase accessibility to the proceedings and to increase knowledge about the subject area. In general,