gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular targets for tumour progression in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2004)

These results provide insight into the oncogenesis of GISTs and suggest that testing the expression profile of a number of genes may segregate GISTs into groups of different tumour behaviour.
A New Method of Forming Peptide Bonds (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method of Forming Peptide BondsJohn C. Sheehan and George P. HessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 4, 1067–1068Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01609a099https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01609a099research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11307Altmetric-Citations1064LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wnt7b Activates Canonical Signaling in Epithelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Interactions with Fzd1, Fzd10, and LRP5 (2005)

Wnt7b is a Wnt ligand that has been demonstrated to play critical roles in several developmental processes, including lung airway and vascular development and chorion-allantois fusion during placental development. Wnt signaling involves the binding of Wnt ligands to cell surface receptors of the frizzled family and coreceptors of the LRP5/6 family. However, little is known of the ligand-receptor specificity exhibited by different Wnts, Fzds, and LRPs in Wnt signaling. Expression analysis of Fzds and LRP5/6 in the developing lung and vasculature showed that Fzd1, -4, -7, and -10 and LRP5/6 are expressed in tissue-specific patterns during lung development. Fzd1, -4, and -7 are expressed primarily in the developing lung mesenchyme, and Fzd10 is expressed in airway epithelium. LRP5 and LRP6 are expressed in airway epithelium during lung development, whereas LRP5 but not LRP6 expression is observed in the muscular component of large blood vessels, including the aorta. Cell transfection studies demonstrate that Wnt7b can activate the canonical Wnt pathway but not the noncanonical Wnt pathway in a cell-specific manner. Biochemical analysis demonstrates that Wnt7b can bind to Fzd1 and -10 on the cell surface and cooperatively activate canonical Wnt signaling with these receptors in the presence of LRP5. Together, these data demonstrate that Wnt7b signals through Fzd1 and -10 and LRP5 and implicate these Wnt coreceptors in the regulation of lung airway and vascular development.
New-generation vaccines against cholera (2011)

Cholera is a major global health problem, causing approximately 100,000 deaths annually, about half of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. Although early-generation parenteral cholera vaccines were abandoned as public health tools owing to their limited efficacy, newer-generation oral cholera vaccines have attractive safety and protection profiles. Both killed and live oral vaccines have been licensed, although only killed oral vaccines are currently manufactured and available. These killed oral vaccines not only provide direct protection to vaccinated individuals, but also confer herd immunity. The combination of direct vaccine protection and vaccine herd immunity effects makes these vaccines highly cost-effective and, therefore, attractive for use in developing countries. Administration of these oral vaccines does not require qualified medical personnel, which makes their use practical--even in developing countries. Although new-generation oral cholera vaccines should not be considered in isolation from other preventive approaches, especially improved water quality and sanitation, they represent important tools in the public health armamentarium to control both endemic and epidemic cholera.
Measuring eosinophiluria, urinary eosinophil cationic protein and urinary interleukin-5 in patients with Lupus Nephritis (2014)

These results provide evidence of increased urinary eosinophils, ECP and IL-5 in patients with SLE and LN; uECP/Cr ratio showed better correlation with markers of renal function and SLE disease activity.
Single-Cell-Based Platform for Copy Number Variation Profiling through Digital Counting of Amplified Genomic DNA Fragments (2017)

We develop a novel single-cell-based platform through digital counting of amplified genomic DNA fragments, named multifraction amplification (mfA), to detect the copy number variations (CNVs) in a single cell. Amplification is required to acquire genomic information from a single cell, while introducing unavoidable bias. Unlike prevalent methods that directly infer CNV profiles from the pattern of sequencing depth, our mfA platform denatures and separates the DNA molecules from a single cell into multiple fractions of a reaction mix before amplification. By examining the sequencing result of each fraction for a specific fragment and applying a segment-merge maximum likelihood algorithm to the calculation of copy number, we digitize the sequencing-depth-based CNV identification and thus provide a method that is less sensitive to the amplification bias. In this paper, we demonstrate a mfA platform through multiple displacement amplification (MDA) chemistry. When performing the mfA platform, the noise of MDA is reduced; therefore, the resolution of single-cell CNV identification can be improved to 100 kb. We can also determine the genomic region free of allelic drop-out with mfA platform, which is impossible for conventional single-cell amplification methods.
Individual relationship between progression of radiological damage and the acute phase response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Towards development of a decision support system. (1997)

A model has been established defining the individual relationship between time integrated CRP and ESR values, reflecting rheumatoid disease activity, and progression of radiologic damage. It accurately prediets outcome from 6 months after presentation and can be used as a practical decision support system.
A Comprehensive Healthy Lifestyle Program for Children Receiving Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy Data (2013)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle program for children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A sample of 13 eligible children in the maintenance phase of treatment, ages 4-8, 10 male, enrolled in the study. A tailored lifestyle program involving a series of monthly, individual education sessions was provided for parents and children by an oncologist, physical therapist, dietitian, and behavioural psychologist. Content focused on participation in physical activity, healthy eating habits, and behavioural strategies. A number of pre- and postmeasures addressed a variety of body functions and activities. Delivery of the program and collection of most measurement data were feasible. Parents valued the program and preliminary data analyses showed individual variation and group improvements in ankle range of motion, exercise capacity, gross motor function, mobility, and physical activity as well as maintenance of dietary practices, body mass index, sports participation, and quality of life.
A New Technique for Measuring the Roughness Profile of Rock Joints (1991)

Abstract This technical note describes a new technique for measuring the roughness profile of rock joints or discontinuities. This new technique involves use of a laser displacement meter (LDM) and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). The technique improves precision and speed of the measurement. A comparison of this technique with existing methods for measuring the roughness profile is presented.
Stem Cell Signaling Pathways in the Small Intestine (2020)

The ability of stem cells to divide and differentiate is necessary for tissue repair and homeostasis. Appropriate spatial and temporal mechanisms are needed. Local intercellular signaling increases expression of specific genes that mediate and maintain differentiation. Diffusible signaling molecules provide concentration-dependent induction of specific patterns of cell types or regions. Differentiation of adjacent cells, on the other hand, requires cell-cell contact and subsequent signaling. These two types of signals work together to allow stem cells to provide what organisms require. The ability to grow organoids has increased our understanding of the cellular and molecular features of small "niches" that modulate stem cell function in various organs, including the small intestine.
Actinomycin D Binds to Metastable Hairpins in Single-Stranded DNA (1998)

We have examined the role of DNA composition in the binding of actinomycin D to single-stranded DNA. By using the fluorescent analogue 7-aminoactinomycin D, we were able to monitor binding of the drug to ssDNA with single base changes distant from the 5'-TAGT-3' site previously determined to be a high-affinity site for actinomycin D binding (Wadkins et al. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 262, 53-68). Our binding studies indicated that secondary structures in the ssDNA were likely to be responsible for binding the drug. A series of six low-melting DNA hairpins containing all or part of the 5'-TAGT-3' binding site were synthesized. The highest Tm observed for the melting of these hairpins was 34.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C, and it depended on the length of the stem region. These metastable hairpins were stabilized by 7-aminoactinomycin D, with the drug shifting the Tm for the drug-hairpin complex to approximately 45 degrees C. The hairpins showed very high affinity (Kd approximately 0.1 microM) for 7-aminoactinomycin D, with some dependence on stem length. Digestion of the hairpins in the presence and absence of drug using mung bean nuclease, which specifically interacts with the loop region of hairpin DNA, revealed that the stable hairpins (i) contain a number of non-Watson-Crick base pairs, and (ii) undergo a conformational change in the loop region upon binding 7-aminoactinomycin D. Our results suggest that stabilization of unusual hairpins by actinomycin D may be an important aspect of the potent transcription inhibition activity of this drug.
Novel Assessment of Bone Using Time-Resolved Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy (2005)

This novel technique allowed us, for the first time, to make objective transcutaneous spectral measurements of both the mineral and the organic phases of bones and distinguish between normal and unhealthy bone tissue. After further optimization, this technology may help improve fracture risk assessments and open opportunities for screening in anticipation of the predicted increase in fragility fractures.
A new and improved control technique greatly simplifies the design of ZVS resonant inverters and DC/DC power supplies (2002)

The paper discusses a new control topology and its implementation in an IC. The control topology is named current synchronous zero voltage switching (CS-ZVS). The topology enables the design of zero voltage switching resonant power conversion circuits which eliminate many of the problems associated with the design and manufacture of such circuits. The theory of operation and the design equations for a flat panel display backlight inverter circuit and a DC/DC power converter design are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
rhPDGF-BB promotes healing of periodontal defects: 24-month clinical and radiographic observations. (2006)

A new therapeutic system using purified recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) in combination with a biocompatible, osteoconductive, synthetic scaffold beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) has recently been shown in a large-scale, prospective, blinded, randomized clinical trial to safely and effectively treat advanced periodontal osseous defects. A significant gain in clinical attachment level was observed 3 months postsurgery for sites treated with 0.3 mg/mL rhPDGF-BB + beta-TCP versus beta-TCP + buffer (active control), with this trend continuing at 6 months postsurgery. Additionally, sites treated with 0.3 mg/mL rhPDGF-BB + beta-TCP also had significantly greater radiographic linear bone gain and percent defect fill at 6 months postsurgery than sites that received bone substitute with buffer. Representative cases from the clinical trial were followed to assess their ability to maintain the initial effect of treatment observed at 6 months. At 18 or 24 months postsurgery, with the same clinical and radiographic measurement techniques used as were performed at the 6-month time point for the clinical trial, these cases demonstrated maintenance of the clinical attachment level for all but one case, with all cases demonstrating substantial increases in linear bone gain and percent bone fill versus measurements obtained at 6 months postsurgery. Substantial radiographic changes in the appearance of the defect fill were observed for both rhPDGF-BB treatment groups, consisting of increased radiopacity and bone trabeculation, indicative of increased mineralization and maturation of the bone observed 6 months postsurgery.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Increased in Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma (2011)

Increased levels of CTGF in the aqueous humor of PXF patients likely has pathologic significance through increased production of fibrillin-1 by TM cells through activation of p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways.
Molecular Basis of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (1995)

Molecular Genetics: An Overview, Peter J. Larson and Katherine A. High Overview of the Coagulation Reactions, Harold R. Roberts and Aldo Hugo Tabares Procoagulant Proteins Fibrinogen, Susan T. Lord Prothrombin, Sandra J. Friezner Degen Tissue Factor, James H. Morrissey Factor V, Thomas L. Ortel, Frank G. Keller, and William H. Kane Factor VII, Lars C. Petersen, Peter Wildgoose, and Ulla Hedner Factor VIII, E. G. D. Tuddenham The Molecular Bases of Von Willebrand Disease, Jerry Ware and Zaverio M. Ruggeri Factor IX, Katherine A. High and Harold R. Roberts Factor X, Herbert H. Watzke and Katherine A. High Factor XI, Kazuo Fujikawa and Dominic W. Chung Factor XII, Prekallikrein, and High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen, Hidehiko Saito and Tetsuhito Kojima Factor XIII, Thung-Shenq Lai and Charles S. Greenberg Vitamin K-Dependent g-glutamyl Carboxylase, David J. Wright, Daniel P. Morris, and Darrel W. Stafford Anticoagulant Proteins and Their Regulators Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor, Tze-Chein Wun Antithrombin: Structure and Function, William P. Sheffield, Ye I. Wu, and Morris A. Blajchman Heparin Cofactor II, Frank C. Church, Rebecca A. Shirk, and Jeanne E. Phillips Protein C, Koji Suzuki Thrombomodulin, William A. Ditman and Stephen C. Nelson Protein C Inhibitor, Rebecca A. Shirk, Jeanne E. Phillips, and Frank C. Church Protein S, Koji Suzuki Fibrinolytic System Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator, M. Sharon Stack, Edwin L. Madison, and Salvatore V. Pizzo Plasminogen, Francis J. Castellino Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors, Daniel A. Lawrence and David Ginsburg a2-Plasmin Inhibitor, Nobuo Aoki Platelets Human Platelet Glycoprotein Ib and the Ib-V-IX System: The Receptor for Platelet Adhesion in Arteries, Gerald J. Roth Platelet Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, Joel S. Bennett and Mortimer Poncz Platelet Integrins Other than Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, (aIIbb3), Samuel A. Santoro Thrombospondins, Jack Lawler Platelet Thrombin Receptor, Shaun R. Coughlin The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Thrombopoietin, The MPL Ligand, Kenneth Kaushansky and Si Lok
Auto-context and its application to high-level vision tasks (2008)

The notion of using context information for solving high-level vision problems has been increasingly realized in the field. However, how to learn an effective and efficient context model, together with the image appearance, remains mostly unknown. The current literature using Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) often involves specific algorithm design, in which the modeling and computing stages are studied in isolation. In this paper, we propose an auto-context algorithm. Given a set of training images and their corresponding label maps, we first learn a classifier on local image patches. The discriminative probability (or classification confidence) maps by the learned classifier are then used as context information, in addition to the original image patches, to train a new classifier. The algorithm then iterates to approach the ground truth. Auto-context learns an integrated low-level and context model, and is very general and easy to implement. Under nearly the identical parameter setting in the training, we apply the algorithm on three challenging vision applications: object segmentation, human body configuration, and scene region labeling. It typically takes about 30 ∼ 70 seconds to run the algorithm in testing. Moreover, the scope of the proposed algorithm goes beyond high-level vision. It has the potential to be used for a wide variety of problems of multi-variate labeling.
Assembly and processing of the disulfide-linked varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein gpII(140) (1987)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specifies the synthesis of at least four families of glycoproteins, which have been designated gpI, gpII, gpIII, and gpIV. In this report we describe the assembly and processing of VZV gpII, a structural protein of an apparent Mr of 140,000, which is the homolog of gB of herpes simplex virus. For these studies, we used two anti-gpII monoclonal antibodies which exhibited both complement-independent neutralization activity and inhibition of virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion. Pulse-chase labeling experiments identified a 124,000-Mr intermediate which was chased to the mature 140,000-Mr product when analyzed in nonreducing gels; in the presence of a reducing agent, the native gp140 was cleaved into two closely migrating species (gp66 and gp68). The biosynthesis of VZV gpII was further analyzed in the presence of the following inhibitors of glycoprotein processing: tunicamycin, monensin, castanospermine, swainsonine, and deoxymannojirimycin. All intermediate and mature forms were digested with endoglycosidases H and F, neuraminidase, and O-glycanase to further define high-mannose, complex, and O-linked glycans. Finally, the addition of sulfate residues was investigated. This characterization of VZV gpII revealed the following results. (i) gp128 and gp124 were early high-mannose forms, (ii) gp126 was an intermediate form with complex N-linked oligosaccharides, (iii) gp130 was a later intermediate with both N-linked and O-linked glycans, and (iv) the mature product gp140 contained a mixture of N-linked and O-linked glycans which were both sialated and sulfated. Further investigations indicated that gpII sulfation was inhibited by tunicamycin and castanospermine but not by deoxymannojirimycin or swainsonine. We also concluded that VZV gpII displayed many biological and biochemical properties similar to those of its herpes simplex virus homolog gB.
Induction of estrogen‐related hyperplastic changes in the prostate of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) by androstenedione and its antagonization by the aromatase inhibitor 1‐methyl‐androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (1987)

The cynomolgus monkey was selected as an experimental model to investigate the role of estrogens in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) because its prostate seems to be more like the human prostate than that of other primate species. The treatment of intact, adult animals with the aromatizable substrate androstenedione for 3 months resulted in no significant changes in prostate weight, but in microscopically clearly detectable estrogen-related hyperplastic changes, particularly in a marked smooth muscle activation. These effects were antagonized by simultaneous, subcutaneous treatment with the aromatase inhibitor 1-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (1-Methyl-ADD) and only partially reversed by oral treatment. The serum estradiol (E2) concentration, which was not significantly elevated after treatment with androstenedione in comparison to the control, was drastically decreased after subcutaneous treatment with 1-Methyl-ADD and moderately decreased after oral treatment. In conclusion, these results as well as the great anatomical and histological similarities between the prostate of the cynomolgus monkey and that of man indicate that it might be a suitable and interesting model for future BPH studies.
Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway (2003)

Innate immunity is an evolutionarily ancient system that provides organisms with immediately available defense mechanisms through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. We show that in the CNS, specific activation of innate immunity through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent pathway leads to neurodegeneration. We identify microglia as the major lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive cell in the CNS. TLR4 activation leads to extensive neuronal death in vitro that depends on the presence of microglia. LPS leads to dramatic neuronal loss in cultures prepared from wild-type mice but does not induce neuronal injury in CNS cultures derived from tlr4 mutant mice. In an in vivo model of neurodegeneration, stimulating the innate immune response with LPS converts a subthreshold hypoxic-ischemic insult from no discernable neuronal injury to severe axonal and neuronal loss. In contrast, animals bearing a loss-of-function mutation in the tlr4 gene are resistant to neuronal injury in the same model. The present study demonstrates a mechanistic link among innate immunity, TLRs, and neurodegeneration.
Molecular Cloning of a Complementary DNA Encoding Human Macrophage-Specific Colony-Stimulating Factor (CSF-1) (1985)

Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding human macrophage-specific specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) were isolated. One cDNA clone codes for a mature polypeptide of 224 amino acids and a putative leader of 32 amino acids. This cDNA, which was cloned in the Okayama-Berg expression vector, specifies the synthesis of biologically active CSF-1 in COS cells, as determined by a specific radioreceptor assay, macrophage bone marrow colony formation, and antibody neutralization. Most of the cDNA isolates contain part of an intron sequence that changes the reading frame, resulting in an abrupt termination of translation; these cDNA's were inactive in COS cells. The CSF-1 appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene, but its expression results in the synthesis of several messenger RNA species, ranging in size from about 1.5 to 4.5 kilobases.