gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Betacellulin activates the epidermal growth factor receptor and erbB-4, and induces cellular response patterns distinct from those stimulated by epidermal growth factor or neuregulin-beta. (1996)

Betacellulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. These soluble proteins are ligands for one or more of the four receptor tyrosine kinases encoded by the erbB gene family (erbB-1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), neu/erbB-2/HER2, erbB-3/HER3 and erbB-4/HER4). While evidence suggests that betacellulin is a ligand for the EGFR, the ability of betacellulin to regulate other erbB family receptors has not been analysed. Previously we engineered derivatives of the mouse Ba/F3 hematopoietic cell line to ectopically express erbB family receptors, singly and in pairwise combinations. We have stimulated this panel of cell lines with betacellulin and two other EGF family members, EGF itself and neuregulin-beta (NRG-beta). In the cell lines expressing a single erbB family receptor, betacellulin not only stimulated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, but it activated erbB-4 as well. Furthermore, in the double recombinant Ba/F3 derivatives, betacellulin stimulated a complex pattern of receptor phosphorylation distinct from the patterns activated by NRG-beta and EGF. Moreover, betacellulin stimulated a complex pattern of interleukin-3 independence in the Ba/F3 derivatives distinct from those activated by NRG-beta and EGF. These data identify a novel receptor for betacellulin and establish that different EGF family ligands activate distinct patterns of receptor phosphorylation and coupling to cellular signaling pathways.
Induction of lasting complete regression of preformed distinct solid tumors by targeting the tumor vasculature using two new anti-endoglin monoclonal antibodies. (1999)

Endoglin (EDG, CD105) is a proliferation-associated antigen on endothelial cells. In this study, two new anti-EDG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) Y4-2F1 (or termed SN6j) and P3-2G8 (SN6k) were generated and used for treating distinct preformed tumors. These mAbs, both IgG1-kappa antibodies, cross-reacted weakly with mouse endothelial cells but defined epitopes different from the epitope defined by a previously reported anti-EDG mAb K4-2C10 (B. K. Seon et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 3: 1031-1044, 1997). SN6j and SN6k reacted strongly with human endothelial cells and vascular endothelium of malignant human tissues but showed no significant reactivity with tumor cells per se. The deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgRA) conjugates of the two mAbs showed a weak but specific cytotoxic activity against murine endothelial cells in vitro. In the therapeutic studies, severe combined immunodeficient mice were inoculated s.c. with MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and left untreated until palpable tumors of distinct size (4-6 mm in diameter) appeared. Mice with the distinct tumors were treated by i.v. administration of individual anti-EDG conjugates, unconjugated mAbs, or a control conjugate. Long-lasting complete regression of the tumors was induced in the majority of tumor-bearing mice (n = 8 for each conjugate) when 40 microg of the individual conjugates were administered three times via the tail vein. It is remarkable that the tumors remained regressed without further therapy for as long as the mice were followed (i.e., 100 days). Control conjugate did not induce regression of the tumors in any of the treated mice, although weak nonspecific effects were observed in some of the mice (n = 8). The effects of unconjugated mAbs were small with the dose used, i.e., 34 microg three times. The anti-EDG conjugates showed antiangiogenic activity in the dorsal air sac assay in mice. The results suggest good potential of these conjugates for the clinical application.
Macrophage activation in vitro by chemically cross-linked (1.RAR.3)-.BETA.-D-glucans. (1990)

The chemical cross-linking of soluble (1----3)-beta-D-glucans having molecular weights of 21000 (CL 3 h) and 6400 (CL 6 h), and laminarin (CL LAMI), which showed negligible biological activity, by epichlorohydrin provided rigid particles. These particles showed no gel-to-sol transition upon the addition of sodium hydroxide. We compared the effects of chemical cross-linking on the biological activities of glucans. The alternative complement pathway was not activated by any of the cross-linked glucans. Glucose consumption, lysosomal enzyme release, and interleukin-1 production by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages incubated in vitro were strongly induced by CL 3 h, CL 6 h and CL LAMI. However, cross-linked dextran, Sephadex, did not exhibit any of these biological activities. These results suggested that chemical cross-linking of (1----3)-beta-D-glucans enhances macrophage activities without opsonization by complement components.
Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes (2008)

Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation.
Use of a New Argon Laser Technique to Evaluate Changes in Sensory and Pain Thresholds in Human Skin following Topical Capsaicin Treatment (1989)

A new argon laser technique was introduced to evaluate the excitability of the free nerve endings in the skin following topical application of capsaicin. Short argon laser pulses can be perceived as distinct, painful pin pricks and the pain threshold can be determined. This gives the possibility to follow changes in sensory and pain thresholds after topical application of various substances. In the present study the long-term effect of topically applied capsaicin on the pain threshold was monitored. Capsaicin was applied to human skin once daily for 21 days, and the pain threshold was significantly increased after 10 days of application, and after 21 days the increase was found to be 260%. After termination of capsaicin treatment the thresholds were monitored for 21 days, and normalization occurred after 7 days. Argon laser stimulation is a reliable method to evaluate sensory and pain thresholds in human skin.
Notes. Reaction of Primary Aliphatic Amines with Maleic Anhydride (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes. Reaction of Primary Aliphatic Amines with Maleic AnhydrideLester Coleman, John Bork, and Horton DunnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 1, 135–136Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online19 May 2003Published inissue 1 January 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01083a626RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2535Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (248 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Control of vertical-cavity laser polarization with anisotropic transverse cavity geometries (1994)

We show the two-fold polarization degeneracy of etched air-post vertical-cavity surface emitting laser diodes can be lifted and a dominant polarization state selected through use of anisotropic transverse laser cavity geometries. For lasers with rhombus-shaped cavities, fundamental mode lasing emission linearly polarized along one specified crystal axis is obtained up to twice the threshold current. For dumbbell-shaped lasers, fundamental mode lasing emission linearly polarized along one specified crystal axis is maintained over the entire operating range of the device producing a maximum orthogonal polarization suppression ratio of 14 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Variation-aware performance verification using at-speed structural test and statistical timing (2007)

Meeting the tight performance specifications mandated by the customer is critical for contract manufactured ASICs. To address this, at speed test has been employed to detect subtle delay failures in manufacturing. However, the increasing process spread in advanced nanometer ASICs poses considerable challenges to predicting hardware performance from timing models. Performance verification in the pres- ence of process variation is difficult because the critical path is no longer unique. Different paths become frequency limiting in different process corners. In this paper, we present a novel variation-aware method based on statistical timing to select critical paths for structural test. Node criticalities are computed to determine the probabilities of different circuit nodes being on the critical path across process variation.Moreover, path delays are projected into different process corners using their linear delay function forms. Experimental results for three multimillion gate ASICs demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Survival Improvement among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (2001)

Both transplant and dialysis outcomes have improved over recent years. In addition, transplantation has been shown to confer a survival benefit over maintenance dialysis. The study presented here addresses the question of whether the survival benefit of transplantation over maintenance dialysis has changed in the most recent eras. This study was based on data collected by the United States Renal Transplant Scientific Registry and the United States Renal Data System. The study sample consisted of 104,000 patients placed on the renal transplant waiting list between 1988 and 1996, of which 73,707 subsequently received renal transplants. The annualized adjusted mortality rates per 1000 patient-years were calculated by calendar year of placement on the renal transplant waiting list and for kidney transplant recipients. The resulting data were plotted, and linear curve fitting was used to estimate the slope of the change of the adjusted mortality rates by year during the period studied, 1988 to 1996. Overall annual adjusted death rates in the wait-listed patients and transplant recipients per 1000 patient-years decreased for both groups throughout the study period. From 1989 to 1996, the relative risk (RR) for patient death had decreased by 30% for transplant recipients and 23% for wait-listed patients (RR = 0.70 and 0.77; P < 0.0001 each). Slope analysis of the cause-specific mortality rates for cardiovascular disease and infection showed nearly equivalent, linear decreases for both groups. Mortality rates have improved overall and by categories of major cause of death for both renal transplant recipients and patients on the renal transplant waiting list. These favorable trends most likely represent equal advances in transplantation, dialysis, and general medical care.
Current Understanding on EGFR and Wnt/ -Catenin Signaling in Glioma and Their Possible Crosstalk (2013)

Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are extensively heterogeneous at both cellular and molecular levels. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting of key signaling molecules using pharmacological inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents such as temozolomide. In spite of all efforts, the prognosis of glioma patients remains dismal. Therefore, a proper understanding of individual molecular pathways responsible for the progression of GBM is necessary. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is probably the most significant signaling pathway clinically implicated in glioma. Not surprisingly, anti-EGFR therapies mostly prevail for therapeutic purposes. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is well implicated in multiple tumors; however, its role in glioma has only recently started to emerge. We give a concise account of the current understanding of the role of both these pathways in glioma. Last, taking evidences from a limited literature, we outline a number of points where these pathways intersect each other and put forward the possibility of combinatorially targeting them for treatment of glioma.
Research of Wireless Data Acquisition System Based on S3C2410 (2009)

Wireless data acquisition system based on S3C2410 is discussed.The module of data collection,transmission and receive,data processing are introduced.Hardware platform is based on S3C2410,MAX132 and IA4421 chip,the characteristics and circuit design of S3C2410,MAX132,IA4421 are proposed.The system software platform adopts Linux system.application program adopts Qt/Embedded system.It realizes the man-machine interaction interface,so the analysis results can be observed.
Role of water adsorption in photoinduced superhydrophilicity on TiO2 thin films (2007)

The ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) film surface gives rise to two simultaneous phenomena: photocatalysis and superhydrophilicity. Photocatalysis has been thoroughly studied, but the mechanism governing superhydrophilicity remains controversial. The authors’ investigations show the effects induced by UV irradiation on the water adsorption and desorption on the TiO2 surface. The observations prove that superhydrophilicity cannot be solely induced by the removal of organic contamination via photocatalysis, but is associated with water adsorption most probably due to the appearance of hydroxyl groups on surface defects.
On Inclusion of Permutation Modules (2013)

让 H 1， H 2 是有限的组 G 的亚群。假定那 G = i=1 m H 2 y i H 1 = j=1 n H 1 g j H 1 和那 y 1 = 1， g 1 = 1。让 D i 由 H 2 的正确 cosets 组成设置在 H 2 y i H 1 被包含并且让 d j (j = 1， ... ， n ) 由正确 cosets 组成设置在 H 1 g j H 被包含 { ia1 } 。我们定义 nrall，口头的 MTX 中止率由于胃的不耐是 28.6 % 。中止为的时间口头？？
The microtubule-affecting drug paclitaxel has antiangiogenic activity. (1996)

Endothelial cell migration is a critical event during angiogenesis, and inhibitors of cell motility can affect the angiogenic process. Paclitaxel (Taxol(R)), a microtubule-stabilizing antineoplastic cytotoxic drug, inhibits motility and invasiveness of several cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of paclitaxel on endothelial cell functions and on angiogenesis. In vivo, paclitaxel (20-28 mg/kg i.v.) significantly inhibited the angiogenic response induced by tumor cell supernatant embedded in a pellet of reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) injected s.c. into C57BL/6N mice. In vitro, paclitaxel inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and cord formation on Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. The antiangiogenic activity of paclitaxel was not linked to its cytotoxicity, since inhibition of endothelial cell chemotaxis and invasiveness occurred at drug concentrations which did not affect endothelial cell proliferation. Another cytotoxic drug, cisplatin, that inhibited endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, did not affect angiogenesis in vivo. These data indicate that paclitaxel has a strong antiangiogenic activity, a property that might contribute to its antineoplastic activity in vivo.
Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance the Immune Response to Vaccine Strategies Involving Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (1998)

Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can activate various immune cell subsets and induce production of a number of cytokines. Prior studies have demonstrated that both CpG ODN and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can serve as potent vaccine adjuvants. We used the 38C13 murine lymphoma system to evaluate the immune response to a combination of these two adjuvants. Immunization using antigen, CpG ODN, and soluble GM-CSF enhanced production of antigen-specific antibody and shifted production towards the IgG2a isotype, suggesting an enhanced TH1 response. This effect was most pronounced after repeat immunizations with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. A single immunization with CpG ODN and antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein 3 days before tumor inoculation prevented tumor growth. CpG ODN enhanced the production of interleukin-12 by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules, particularly when cells were pulsed with antigen/GM-CSF fusion protein. We conclude that the use of CpG ODN in combination with strategies involving GM-CSF enhances the immune response to antigen and shifts the response towards a TH1 response and that this approach deserves further evaluation in tumor immunization approaches and other conditions in which an antigen-specific TH1 response is desirable.
Pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia associated with sulphasalazine administration (1991)

A case of blood eosinophilia with pulmonary infiltrates associated with sulphasalazine therapy in a patient with ulcerative colitis is described. These manifestations resolved when sulphasalazine was ceased and recurred with rechallenge. The failure of recurrence after treatment with mesalazine (5-aminosalicyclic acid in a sustained release preparation) suggests that sulphapyridine is the component responsible for this reaction.
Measuring images: differences, quality, and appearance (2003)

One goal of image quality modeling is to predict human judgments of quality between image pairs, without needing knowledge of the image origins. This concept can be thought of as device-independent image quality modeling. The first step towards this goal is the creation of a model capable of predicting perceived magnitude differences between image pairs. A modular color image difference framework has recently been introduced with this goal in mind. This framework extends traditional CIE color difference formulae to include modules of spatial vision and adaptation, sharpness detection, contrast detection, and spatial localization. The output of the image difference framework is an error map, which corresponds to spatially localized color differences. This paper reviews the modular framework, and introduces several new techniques for reducing the multi-dimensional error map into a single metric. In addition to predicting overall image differences, the strength of the modular framework is its ability to predict the distinct mechanisms that cause the differences. These mechanisms can be thought of as attributes of image appearance. We examine the individual mechanisms of image appearance, such as local contrast, and compare them with overall perceived differences. Through this process, it is possible to determine the perceptual weights of multi-dimensional image differences. This represents the first stage in the development of an image appearance model designed for image difference and image quality modeling.
Molecular Recognition of PNA-Containing Hybrids:  Spontaneous Assembly of Helical Cyanine Dye Aggregates on PNA Templates (1999)

Symmetrical cyanine dyes containing benzothiazole groups have been shown to bind with high affinity to a variety of PNA-containing hybrids, including PNA/DNA duplexes, a PNA/PNA duplex, and a bisPNA/DNA triplex. Binding of a dicarbocyanine dye results in a 114 nm hypsochromic shift of the main visible absorption band. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry reveals exciton coupling between multiple chromophores bound to the same PNA/DNA or PNA/PNA duplex, demonstrating binding of the dye as an aggregate. A continuous variations experiment indicates that the dye binds as a 6(±1):1 complex with a 12 base pair PNA/DNA duplex. The dye aggregate forms in a highly cooperative manner and exhibits a temperature-dependent self-assembly behavior which is independent of the PNA/DNA hybridization event. Experiments with mismatched and parallel duplexes demonstrate a strong preference for a continuous, antiparallel helix as a template on which to assemble the helical dye aggregate. Successful binding of the dye to the duplex and triplex indicates that dyes associate with one another in the minor groove of the template. The 114 nm shift in absorption causes an instantaneous visible color change from blue to purple, providing a convenient method for detecting PNA hybridization with its complementary target sequence.
Telomerase activity in normal and malignant murine tissues. (1995)

Telomere shortening may contribute to the limited lifespan of somatic cells and telomerase, the enzyme that elongates telomeric DNA and maintains telomere length, may be essential for unlimited cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Telomerase is not expressed in most human somatic cells but is a nearly ubiquitous tumour marker, being activated in malignant cells from many cancers. Inhibition of telomerase may lead to telomere shortening and eventually limit the proliferative capacity of malignant cells and hence be of therapeutic value. With the intent of characterizing an animal model for inhibition studies, we investigated telomerase activity during mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice overexpressing the neu gene. We detected activity in primary mammary tumours and lung metastases but also in normal mammary glands and other organs. Activity was elevated in tumors versus normal tissues and was enhanced by short-term culturing of normal cells. Telomerase activity was also present in somatic tissues from the non-transgenic parental strain and the outbred Mus spretus strain. As we recently detected telomerase activity in normal human hemopoietic tissues, mouse models of tumorigenesis may provide useful experimental systems for assessing the outcome of in vivo inhibition of telomerase in both malignant and normal cells.