gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Energy Level and Photophysical and Electroluminescent Properties of Heavy Metal Complexes by Controlling the Ligation of the Metal with the Carbon of the Carbazole Unit (2007)

Abstract Four novel Ir III and Pt II complexes with cyclometalated ligands bearing a carbazole framework are prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of complexes 1 , 3 , and 4 reveal that the 3‐ or 2‐position C atom of the carbazole unit coordinates to the metal center. The difference in the ligation position results in significant shifts in the emission spectra with the changes in wavelength being 84 nm for the Ir complexes and 63 nm for the Pt complexes. The electrochemical behavior and photophysical properties of the complexes are investigated, and correlate well with the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Electroluminescent devices with a configuration of ITO/NPB/CBP:dopant/BCP/AlQ 3 /LiF/Al can attain very high efficiencies.
The impact of migraine (2001)

In Western countries, recent community-based studies of migraine prevalence using standardized diagnostic criteria give 1-year prevalence estimates of around 10 to 12%. The prevalence of migraine is age- and gender-dependent. Age at onset of migraine is earlier in boys than in girls. Migraine is two to three times more common in women than in men, with peak prevalence occurring during mid-life in both sexes. Current evidence also indicates that migraine prevalence is higher in Caucasians than in Africans or Asians. In some migraineurs, attacks may be frequent or prolonged, leading to considerable pain and disability. There has been much debate over predisposing factors, which are not sufficient by themselves to cause an attack, as well as precipitants, which immediately precede the attack. However, convincing data are lacking for most of these. Significant associations have been reported between migraine and certain psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and stroke in women under the age of 45. These findings demonstrate that migraine is common, has a substantial impact on sufferers, and may be associated with other disorders.
IMMUNOLOGIC UNRESPONSIVENESS INDUCED BY PROTEIN ANTIGENS (1955)

1. Repeated large infusions of heterologous plasma proteins can induce a state of specific immunologic unresponsiveness in rabbits. In normal adult rabbits this unresponsiveness in most instances lasts only about as long as the heterologous proteins are detectable in the host (3 to 4 months). In rabbits infused from the time of birth and perhaps x-radiated adult rabbits the induced immunologic unresponsiveness lasted throughout the period of observation (10 to 11 months), long after disappearance of all detectable foreign proteins. 2. This unresponsiveness appears to be specific for the antigens administered in excess and does not prevent antibody responses to even closely related antigens. 3. The unresponsiveness was not transmitted to first generation offspring. 4. The mechanism of the temporary unresponsiveness which occurs in normal adult rabbits may be dependent upon the actual presence of the antigen in the host. However, the unresponsiveness does not result from a simple neutralization of antibody, as it is formed, by the antigen, as has been suggested in the case of pneumococcal polysaccharide induced immunologic paralysis. 5. On the other hand, the mechanism of the lasting immunologic unresponsiveness developing in the "newborn" and perhaps the x-rayed rabbits may depend upon the acceptance of the foreign protein as essentially non-antigenic by the host. A similar situation is seen in the naturally occurring placental transfer of dissimilar red blood cell types between fraternal twins.
Platelets with 10% of the normal amount of glycoprotein VI have an impaired response to collagen that results in a mild bleeding tendency (1995)

Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a 62kD membrane protein, has been identified as one of the platelet receptors for collagen, since GPVI-deficient platelets exhibit abnormal responses to collagen and an abnormal bleeding tendency. We report a female patient with a mild bleeding history whose platelets expressed 10% GPVI of normal platelets. Shape change, aggregation and ATP release of the patient's platelets were completely absent in response to 1-5 micrograms/ml collagen but present normally in response to ADP and Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Adhesion of the patient's platelets to coated collagen was mildly affected (40-60% of normal platelets) in spite of only 10% expression of GPVI. Flow cytometrical studies revealed that the patient's platelets expressed normal amounts of the GPIa/IIa complex. These results suggest that platelet GPVI is less involved in adhesion to collagen than shape change and aggregation induced by collagen.
Genetic variants in DNA repair genes and the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in melanoma‐prone families with/without CDKN2A mutations (2011)

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is an etiologically heterogeneous disease with genetic, environmental (sun exposure) and host (pigmentation/nevi) factors and their interactions contributing to risk. Genetic variants in DNA repair genes may be particularly important since their altered function in response to sun exposure-related DNA damage maybe related to risk for CMM. However, systematic evaluations of genetic variants in DNA repair genes are limited, particularly in high-risk families. We comprehensively analyzed DNA repair gene polymorphisms and CMM risk in melanoma-prone families with/without CDKN2A mutations. A total of 586 individuals (183 CMM) from 53 families (23 CDKN2A (+), 30 CDKN2A (-)) were genotyped for 2964 tagSNPs in 131 DNA repair genes. Conditional logistic regression, conditioning on families, was used to estimate trend p-values, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between CMM and each SNP separately, adjusted for age and sex. p-Values for SNPs in the same gene were combined to yield gene specific p-values. Two genes, POLN and PRKDC, were significantly associated with melanoma after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (p = 0.0003 and 0.00035, respectively). DCLRE1B showed suggestive association (p = 0.0006). 28 ∼ 56% of genotyped SNPs in these genes had single SNP p < 0.05. The most significant SNPs in POLN and PRKDC had similar effects in CDKN2A (+) and CDKN2A (-) families. Our finding suggests that polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, POLN and PRKDC, were associated with increased melanoma risk in melanoma families with and without CDKN2A mutations.
Bile Acid Reabsorption Inhibitors (BARI): Novel Hypolipidemic Drugs (2006)

The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is a major regulator of serum cholesterol homeostasis. After biosynthesis from cholesterol in the liver, bile acids are secreted with bile into the lumen of the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. The bile acids are nearly quantitatively reabsorbed in the terminal ileum by a Na+-dependent transport system (IBAT) and are transported with portal blood to the liver and taken up by a second Na+-/bile acid cotransporter (LBAT) to be resecreted into bile. In the liver bile acids inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid: cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase; interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids withdraws this feedback inhibition and leads to an upregulation of hepatic LDL-receptors with a concomitant decrease of serum LDL-levels. Specific inhibitors of the ileal bile acid transporter belonging to different chemotypes have been developed in recent years for this purpose, some now entering clinical stage. To exert a profound systemic effect these compounds do not need to be available systemically but can act from the luminal side of the small intestine, which offers the advantage to avoid the well-known adverse side effects of other hypolipidemic drugs like statins due to metabolism and drug-drug interactions in the liver. This implies several aspects in compound optimization and drug development quite different from standard procedures, for example the concept of low absorption drugs was established to avoid systemic side effects. The review article covers the mechanistic and therapeutic principles of the approach and presents an overview on the molecular target, the discovery of specific inhibitors and respective optimization strategies.
Dimensionality reduction for speech recognition using neighborhood components analysis (2007)

Previous work has considered methods for learning projections of high-dimensional acoustic representations to lower dimensional spaces. In this paper we apply the neighborhoodcomponentsanalysis (NCA) [2] method to acoustic modeling in a speech recognizer. NCA learns a projection of acoustic vectors that optimizes a criterion that is closely related to the classification accuracy of a nearest-neighbor classifier. We introduce regularization into this method, giving further improvements in performance. We describe experiments on a lecture transcription task, comparing projections learned using NCA and HLDA [1] . Regularized NCA gives a 0.7% absolute reduction in WER over HLDA, which corresponds to a relative reduction of 1.9%. Index Terms: speech recognition, acoustic modeling, dimensionality reduction
[Immunotherapy of resectable lung cancer using Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton]. (1983)

A randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy was performed using Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) for inoperable lung cancer patients in 5 institutions from October, 1978 to June, 1981. All patients without pleural effusions were treated according to common protocol including chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and the patients on performance status 0 to 3 were randomized to control and N-CWS group. In N-CWS group, 400 micrograms N-CWS was injected once or twice into the bronchial tumor using fiberoptic bronchoscope, and sequentially 200 micrograms N-CWS was injected once a month into the skin from shoulder to upper arms. One year survival rate of 118 N-CWS-treated patients was excellent when compared to that of 108 control patients, but statistically not significant. According to histological type, survival period of the patients with small cell carcinoma was prolonged significantly in N-CWS group. The eligible patients with pleural effusions were initially randomized to control group and N-CWS group and treated under tube thoracostomy. In control group adriamycin was injected into the affected pleural cavity. In N-CWS group adriamycin and N-CWS were injected with the same method, and intracutaneous injections of 200 micrograms N-CWS were added once every month. Not only response rate for pleural effusions but also survival rate were statistically excellent in N-CWS group. Main adverse reactions of N-CWS were skin lesions in the injected sites and fever, but these were transient and not serious.
Improvement in organically disturbed behavior with trazodone treatment. (1986)

Four elderly patients with severe organic brain syndromes and disturbed behavior were treated with trazodone after therapy with neuroleptics had been ineffective. The behavior of all four patients improved substantially. In each case, the clinical presentation did not suggest a depressive illness, and many of the disturbed behaviors, such as hypersexuality, are not generally considered characteristic of depression. The improvement in behavior may be related to the taming effect of trazodone in animal models of aggression. This effect is not shared by other antidepressants; thus, trazodone may have unique value as an alternative to neuroleptics for the treatment of organically disturbed behavior.
The contribution of vacancies to carbon out-diffusion in silicon (1999)

Diffusion of carbon is mostly assumed to be governed by carbon interstitials via the kick-out mechanism. Carbon in-diffusion experiments are associated with thermal equilibrium concentrations of point defects, whereas in the case of carbon out-diffusion a remarkable undersaturation of Si self-interstitials may develop provided the carbon concentration is several orders of magnitude over its solubility value. New carbon out-diffusion experiments demonstrate that this model qualitatively describes the observed carbon diffusion profiles. However, we demonstrate that an accurate description of the experimental profiles is only possible if the Frank–Turnbull mechanism, involving vacancies, is additionally taken into account. Detailed investigations of carbon and boron profiles in the same sample can be used to determine the splitting of the known vacancy component of the silicon self-diffusion coefficient into the vacancy diffusion coefficient and the vacancy thermal equilibrium concentration at 900 °C.
Genetic ablation of flowers in transgenicArabidopsis (1998)

We have created transgenic Arabidopsis plants in which a gene encoding the cell-autonomous diphtheria toxin A chain (DT-A) was expressed under the control of the LEAFY (LFY) promoter. This promoter is active both in emerging leaf primordia and young flowers, with the highest activity in flowers. The majority of LFY::DT-A plants had normal vegetative development but lacked flowers, demonstrating that relatively widespread activity of a promoter does not exclude its possible use for ablating selected tissues, as long as differences in activity levels between different tissues are significant. We also found that flowers were replaced by empty bracts in LFY::DT-A plants, suggesting that flower-derived signals normally suppress bract development in Arabidopsis.
Effect of Anion on Gas Separation Performance of Polymer−Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Composite Membranes (2008)

Composite gas separation membranes were fabricated by photopolymerization of a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) monomer in the presence of 20 mol % of nonpolymerizable RTILs with various anions. The solid, composite membranes contained polymer-bound cations, “free” cations, and “free” anions. The composite materials exhibit no phase separation between these components. The permeabilities of CO2, N2, and CH4 in these poly(RTIL)−RTIL composites were observed to increase by 2−5 times relative to those in the neat poly(RTIL) without a “free” RTIL component. These largely increased permeabilities resulted in CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal separation selectivities that were only slightly diminished relative to the poly(RTIL) without a “free” RTIL. When viewed on “Robeson plots”, poly(RTIL)−RTIL composites are shown to be more favorable for CO2/N2 separation than CO2/CH4. Poly(RTIL)−RTIL composites are highly tunable materials with excellent promise as gas separation membranes.
Blood clearance of radiolabeled antibody: enhancement by lactosamination and treatment with biotin-avidin or anti-mouse IgG antibodies. (1988)

Methods of rapid blood clearance of 111In-labeled mouse monoclonal antibody 9B9 against angiotensin-converting enzyme were studied. Indium-111-9B9 is specifically accumulated in rat lung, but its blood clearance is relatively slow and target-to-blood radioactivity ratio/g tissue (localization ratio) increases from 11 to 30 only 48 hr postinjection. Injection of second (anti-mouse immunoglobulin) antibodies results in slight (1.8-fold) increase of 9B9 localization ratio. Chemical modification of 9B9 aminogroups with lactose results in enhanced liver uptake and rapid blood clearance of antibody. Blood radioactivity level decreases tenfold, and as a result localization ratio increases threefold (up to 38 in 30 min). Injection of avidin following the injection of biotinylated 9B9 results in rapid clearance of blood radioactivity with increased uptake in liver and spleen. Lung uptake is not changed. Localization ratio increases fivefold over the avidin-untreated animal value. Implications of these approaches for various applications in immunoimaging are discussed.
Targeting of Retroviral Vectors for Gene Therapy (1993)

Retroviral vectors are one of the most promising vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic genes in human gene therapy protocols. Retroviral-mediated gene transfer currently being used in human clinical trials is based upon ex vivo transduction of target cells. The ability to target the delivery and expression of therapeutic genes in vivo using retroviral vectors is a prerequisite for widespread and routine use in the clinic and will be of great importance for the safe and successful treatment of certain genetic disorders as well as tumors and viral infections. A number of approaches have been taken to develop retroviral vectors that are able to target particular cell types both at the level of the transduction event and at the level of expression. Using various combinations of the restrictive features reviewed in this article, it should be possible to achieve definitive targeting of genes transduced by retroviral vectors.
Autologous Muscle Derived Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Prospective, Dose Ranging Study (2012)

Injection of autologous muscle derived cells in a wide range of doses appears safe with no major treatment related adverse events reported. In addition, treatment with autologous muscle derived cells shows promise for relieving stress urinary incontinence symptoms and improving quality of life.
Poloxamine 1107 sealing of radiopermeabilized erythrocyte membranes (1999)

This study demonstrates the capability of Poloxamine 1107 to seal radiopermeabilized cell membranes. Thus, surfactants such as Poloxamine 1107 might be useful as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of high-dose radiation injuries since cellular necrosis due to metabolic exhaustion following radiopermeabilization of their membranes might be prevented.
Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Transformation Using Mature Cotyledonary Node Explants (2006)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of soybeans has been steadily improved since its development in 1988. Soybean transformation is now possible in a range of genotypes from different maturity groups using different explants as sources of regenerable cells, various selectable marker genes and selective agents, and different A. tumefaciens strains. The cotyledonary-node method has been extensively investigated and across a number of laboratories yields on average greater than 1% transformation efficiency (one Southern-positive, independent event per 100 cotyledonary-node explants). Continued improvements in the cotyledonary-node method concomitant with further increases in transformation efficiency will enhance broader adoption of this already productive transformation method for use in crop improvement and functional genomics research efforts.
Molecular cloning and expression of catrocollastatin, a snake-venom protein from Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) which inhibits platelet adhesion to collagen (1995)

A 50 kDa protein that inhibits platelet adhesion to collagen has been isolated from snake venom of Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) and has been named 'catrocollastatin'. The cDNA cloning of catrocollastatin has been accomplished. A full-length cDNA of 2310 bp with an open reading frame between nucleotides 51 and 1880 was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 609 amino acids. The cDNA-predicted amino acid sequence is highly similar to that of haemorrhagic metalloproteinase jararhagin from Bothrops jararaca venom, HR1B from Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Ht-e from C. atrox and trigramin from T. gramineus. Like jararhagin and HR1B, catrocollastatin is a multidomain molecule composed of an N-terminal domain, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain and a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. In the disintegrin-like domain, the frequently seen RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence is replaced by SECD (Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp). This cDNA was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (Sf9) insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. Like native catrocollastatin, the expressed protein is capable of selectively blocking collagen-induced platelet aggregation. This is the first full-length clone of a high-molecular-mass haemorrhagin to be expressed.
Emerging Target-Based Paradigms to Prevent and Treat Migraine (2012)

Migraine is a primary brain disorder resulting from altered modulation of normal sensory stimuli and trigeminal nerve dysfunction. The second edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-2) defines seven subtypes of migraine. Migraine treatment can be acute or preventive. New targeted therapies include 5-HT(1F) receptor agonists, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists, nitric oxide synthetase inhibitors, and ion channel antagonists. A recent development is the creation of antibodies to CGRP and its receptor for migraine prevention.
Stimulatory Killer Ig-Like Receptors Modulate T Cell Activation through DAP12-Dependent and DAP12-Independent Mechanisms (2004)

Stimulatory killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by various lymphocytes, including NK cells and subsets of T cells. In NK cells, KIRs associate with the adapter molecule KARAP/DAP12, which confers the ability to function as an independent activation unit. The function of KIRs and killer cell activating receptor-associated protein (KARAP)/DAP12 in T cells is unclear. By flow cytometry, we demonstrated that CD4+CD28null T cells heterogeneously express KIRs and/or KARAP/DAP12. In clones that lacked expression of KARAP/DAP12, the stimulatory KIR KIR2DS2 signaled through the JNK pathway, but did not activate the ERK pathway. However, in the presence of KARAP/DAP12, stimulation through KIR2DS2 led to phosphorylation of both JNK and ERK. Transfection experiments confirmed that KIR2DS2-mediated ERK phosphorylation was dependent on KARAP/DAP12. The differential signaling of KIR2DS2 through association with alternative adapter molecules resulted in differential regulation of cellular activity. In clones that lacked expression of KARAP/DAP12, stimulation of KIR2DS2 did not induce cytotoxicity. However, KIR2DS2 did augment suboptimal TCR stimulation, leading to enhanced IFN-gamma production. In clones that expressed KARAP/DAP12, KIR2DS2 directly activated both cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production without the need for TCR-derived signals. The function of stimulatory KIRs in T cells is determined by the expression of the appropriate adapter molecule. Expression of KARAP/DAP12 is sufficient to convert a costimulatory KIR into a stimulatory molecule. These differing functions mediated by alternative signaling pathways have implications for the pathogenesis of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and acute coronary syndromes, in which aberrant expression of KIRs on T cells is frequently observed.
Integration and Stable Germ Line Transmission of Genes Injected into Mouse Pronuclei (1981)

Genetic material has been successfully transferred into the genomes of newborn mice by injection of that material into pronuclei of fertilized eggs. Initial results indicated two patterns of processing the injected DNA: one in which the material was not integrated into the host genome, and another in which the injected genes became associated with high molecular weight DNA. These patterns are maintained through further development to adulthood. The evidence presented indicates the covalent association of injected DNA with host sequences, and transmission of such linked sequences in a Mendelian distribution to two succeeding generations of progeny.