gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of cross-sectional area, driving pressure, and airflow of passive velopharynx (1997)

Previous studies have shown that, when the pharyngeal muscles are relaxed, the velopharynx is a highly compliant segment of the pharynx. Thus, under these circumstances, cross-sectional area of the velopharynx (AVP), driving pressure across the velopharynx (DeltaP), and inspiratory airflow (VI) will be mutually interdependent variables. The purpose of the present investigation was to describe the interrelation among these three variables during inspiration. We studied 15 sleeping patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea when the pharyngeal muscles were rendered hypotonic by applying continuous positive airway pressure to the nasal airway. AVP, determined by endoscopic imaging, was significantly greater at onset of VI limitation than at minimum oropharyngeal pressure (P < 0. 01). Snoring was never observed during VI limitation. In a subgroup of six patients, values for DeltaP, VI, and AVP were obtained at 0. 1-s intervals at various levels of mask pressure. For these six patients, the mathematical expression VI = 0.657(AVP/Amax) . DeltaP0. 332, where Amax is maximal AVP, described the relationship among the three variables (R2 = 0.962) for flow-limited and non-flow-limited inspirations. The impedance of the passive velopharynx, defined as DeltaP0.33/V, was inversely related to AVP and increased dramatically when AVP was <0.3 cm2. In summary, we observed a progressive decrease in AVP during flow-limited inspiration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. This constriction of the velopharynx contributes to an increase in velopharyngeal impedance that, in turn, counterbalances the increase in DeltaP during flow limitation.
A Novel Reductive Amino-Cyclization Method and Its Application for the Total Syntheses of (±)-Aurantioclavine and (±)-Lophocerine (2007)

A novel reductive amino-cyclization method for the synthesis of azacycloalkanes is developed. Its versatility is proved by the total syntheses of (±)-aurantioclavine (1), an ergot alkaloid, and (±)-lophocerine (2), a cactus alkaloid, as examples of azepane and piperidine skeletons, respectively. © 2007 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry.
Pressure and Temperature Measurements with SAW Sensors (1982)

Abstract : Two different SAW-sensors are presented: a pressure-sensor for weak pressure and a SAW-temperature sensor. The pressure sensor is built with a thin diaphragm of quartz-crystal on which two surface elastic waves are propagating in the same direction but at two different lateral positions. Pressure variations applied on the lower surface induced a strong bending which modifies both wave velocities. A differential detection enables to measure wave velocity variations (or corresponding oscillator frequency shifts) and also enables to eliminate in a large scale spurious velocity (or frequency) variations due to temperature fluctuations. Calculations of strain distribution and then of corresponding frequency shifts give both positions of SAW delay lines on the thin diaphragm to have a maximal pressure sensitivity and to minimize temperature effects at the same time. Theoretical results of Y-cut are compared with measurements performed at 105 MHz.
Getting there first : real-time detection of real-world incidents on Twitter (2012)

Social networking and micro-blogging services such as Twitter have become a valuable source of information on current events. Widespread use of Twitter on mobile devices and personal computers enables users to share short messages on any subject in real-time, thus making it suitable for early detection of unexpected events where fast response is critical. In this paper, we present an online method for detection of real-world events in Twitter data, such as natural disasters or man-made catastrophes, by analyzing Twitter data. Our method combines different textual and frequency components that represent or approximate interesting semantic aspects of an event. We use visualization as a validation vehicle, which allows us to understand which components are relevant and what impact the parameters have on the results of our event detection algorithm.
Cutaneous IgE‐mediated inflammatory lesion size is inhibited by an H1 antagonist (terfenadine) while mediator release is unaffected in vivo and in vitro (1993)

We are interested in understanding the pathogenesis of the cutaneous IgE-mediated late phase reaction. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over study with 10 subjects of the effect of the non-sedating antihistamine, terfenadine (Selddane), on the cutaneous reaction to antigen (ragweed or mixed grass) administered intradermally and over denuded blister bases was performed. The activity of terfenadine on anti-IgE-induced mediator release from the skin mast cell, lung mast cell and basophil was also examined in vitro. Terfenadine significantly inhibited the size of the cutaneous reaction at every hour between hours 1 and 9 (hr 9, control 2250 +/- 500 mm2 vs drug 1250 +/- 250 mm2, P < 0.01, n = 10) and showed some inhibitory effect at hours 10-12. While terfenadine blocks histamine release after nasal antigen challenge the release of mediators at skin blister sites was unaffected. The infiltration of leucocytes into the blister supernatant was unaffected by terfenadine although previous studies have shown significant inhibition with another antihistamine, cetirizine. In vitro, terfenadine, like other antihistamines, was found to have inhibitory activity on anti-IgE-induced mediator release at concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-5) M in lung and skin mast cells and basophils. We conclude that the effects of the newer antihistamines on cellular movement into the skin may be diverse, that terfenadine may show organ specificity in vivo and that terfenadine significantly decreases both the early and late gross inflammatory response of the skin to antigen. We cannot, as yet, explain the mechanism(s) by which this occurs.
Submilliwatt, short-pulse, terahertz radiation from femtosecond-laser irradiated InAs in a magnetic field (1998)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a new, simple, and intense terahertz-radiation source just using bulk InAs. An average power of 650 /spl mu/W was achieved in a 1.7-T magnetic field with 1.5-W excitation power. A dramatic change of ellipticity was also observed for different magnetic fields.
54‐1: Distinguished Paper: World 1 st Large Size 77‐inch Transparent Flexible OLED Display (2018)

We successfully realized world first 77‐inch transparent flexible OLED display with Ultra High Definition (UHD) resolution, which can be rolled up to a radius of 80 mm with a transmittance of 40%. The process flow and key technologies to fabricate a large size transparent flexible OLED panel will be discussed.
Amino Acid-Derived Chiral Acyl Nitroso Compounds: Diastereoselectivity in Intermolecular Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Acid-Derived Chiral Acyl Nitroso Compounds: Diastereoselectivity in Intermolecular Hetero Diels-Alder ReactionsAllen R. Ritter and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 16, 4602–4611Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00095a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00095a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1222Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Three-Dimensional Models of Estrogen Receptor Ligand Binding Domain Complexes, Based on Related Crystal Structures and Mutational and Structure−Activity Relationship Data (1998)

On the basis of the recently determined crystal structures of the ligand binding domains (LBDs) of the retinoic acid nuclear receptors (NRs), we present a three-dimensional (3D) molecular model of the human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) LBD. A literature search for mutants affecting the binding properties has been performed; 45 out of 48 published mutants can be explained satisfactorily on the basis of the model. Estradiol has been docked into the binding pocket to probe its interactions with the protein. Energy minimizations and molecular dynamics calculations were performed for various ligand orientations. To evaluate their quality, the different models were scored using known structure-activity relationship (SAR) data for selected close estradiol homologues. The two best models explain largely the binding affinities of more distantly related ligands.
How validated receptor occupancy flow cytometry assays can impact decisions and support drug development (2015)

Because of the pressure of significant attrition in drug development, demonstration of target engagement after drug administration enables dose and regimen optimization, patient selection, and stratification from the earliest stages of drug development. The determination of receptor occupancy (RO) can support these efforts. Flow cytometry is one of the preferred technologies to be used based on the important advances in the technology over the last years enabling the simultaneous determination on target cells, of multi intra or surface cell parameters with adequate precision in a regulated environment. Nevertheless, compared to other platforms using the same antigen-antibody binding concept, the flow cytometry approach has faced several challenges, not only due to the technology per se and the diversity of receptor occupancy approaches, but also related to the nature of the matrix where the determination is performed. To illustrate these points, three case studies (antibody-drug conjugate and naked antibody) are provided here to highlight the importance of the choice of the right antibody pair to measure both receptor density (RD) and occupancy by the drug on cancer cells in blood and in bone marrow and the possibility to circumvent the lack of a critical reagent with an innovative approach. In addition, the use of RO data to determine the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) with translational data from preclinical to human studies, selection of starting dose for the first in man study will be discussed.
The proliferation of MAP kinase signaling pathways in yeast (1995)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases function in at least five, physiologically distinct, signaling pathways in yeast. These include pathways that mediate response to mating pheromone, pseudohyphal development and invasive growth, cell integrity, sporulation, and response to high extracellular osmolarity. These kinases and their upstream activating kinases comprise signaling modules that, in at least some cases, exist as multiprotein complexes. Studies during the past year have revealed that the Ste5 protein of the mating pheromone response pathway serves as a scaffold to promote interactions among the protein kinases in this pathway, and to prevent their interaction with kinases of other modules.
Expression of Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Implications for Targeted Therapies (2007)

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and despite treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme is approximately 1 year. Glioblastoma multiforme explants and cell lines have been reported to overexpress the interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 subunit (IL13Ralpha2) relative to nonneoplastic brain. Based on this finding, a recombinant cytotoxin composed of IL13 ligand and a truncated form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (IL13-PE38QQR) was developed for the targeted treatment of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. In a recently completed phase III clinical trial, however, IL13-PE38QQR was found to be no more effective than an existing therapy in prolonging survival. To determine possible explanations for this result, we analyzed the relative expression levels of IL13Ralpha2 in glioblastoma multiforme and nonneoplastic brain specimens using publicly available oligonucleotide microarray databases, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Increased expression of the IL13Ralpha2 gene relative to nonneoplastic brain was observed in 36 of 81 (44%) and 8 of 17 (47%) tumor specimens by microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens showed highly variable expression of IL13Ralpha2 protein both within and across specimens. These data indicate that prescreening of subjects may be of benefit in future trials of IL13Ralpha2 targeting therapies.
The Bipolar Kinesin, KLP61F, Cross-links Microtubules within Interpolar Microtubule Bundles of Drosophila Embryonic Mitotic Spindles (1999)

Previous genetic and biochemical studies have led to the hypothesis that the essential mitotic bipolar kinesin, KLP61F, cross-links and slides microtubules (MTs) during spindle assembly and function. Here, we have tested this hypothesis by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (immunoEM). We show that Drosophila embryonic spindles at metaphase and anaphase contain abundant bundles of MTs running between the spindle poles. These interpolar MT bundles are parallel near the poles and antiparallel in the midzone. We have observed that KLP61F motors, phosphorylated at a cdk1/cyclin B consensus domain within the BimC box (BCB), localize along the length of these interpolar MT bundles, being concentrated in the midzone region. Nonphosphorylated KLP61F motors, in contrast, are excluded from the spindle and display a cytoplasmic localization. Immunoelectron microscopy further suggested that phospho-KLP61F motors form cross-links between MTs within interpolar MT bundles. These bipolar KLP61F MT-MT cross-links should be capable of organizing parallel MTs into bundles within half spindles and sliding antiparallel MTs apart in the spindle midzone. Thus we propose that bipolar kinesin motors and MTs interact by a "sliding filament mechanism" during the formation and function of the mitotic spindle.
Evaluation of a diode laser/charge coupled device spectrometer for near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of a diode laser/charge coupled device spectrometer for near-infrared Raman spectroscopyYan. Wang and Richard L. McCreeryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 23, 2647–2651Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00198a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00198a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhodopsin Signaling and Organization in Heterozygote Rhodopsin Knockout Mice (2004)

Rhodopsin (Rho) resides within internal membrane structures called disc membranes that are found in the rod outer segments (ROS) of photoreceptors in the retina. Rho expression is essential for formation of ROS, which are absent in knockout Rho-/- mice. ROS of mice heterozygous for the Rho gene deletion (Rho+/-) may have a lower Rho density than wild type (WT) membranes, or the ROS structure may be reduced in size due to lower Rho expression. Here, we present evidence that the smaller volume of ROS from heterozygous mice is most likely responsible for observed electrophysiological response differences. In Rho+/- mice as compared with age-matched WT mice, the length of ROS was shorter by 30-40%, and the average diameter of ROS was reduced by approximately 20%, as demonstrated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Together, the reduction of the volume of ROS was approximately 60% in Rho+/- mice. Rho content in the eyes was reduced by approximately 43% and 11-cis-retinal content in the eye was reduced by approximately 38%, as determined by UV-visible spectroscopy and retinoid analysis, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained disc membranes from Rho+/- mice indicated a typical morphology apart from the reduced size of disc diameter. Power spectra calculated from disc membrane regions on such electron micrographs displayed a diffuse ring at approximately 4.5 nm(-1), indicating paracrystallinity of Rho. Atomic force microscopy of WT and Rho+/- disc membranes revealed, in both cases, Rho organized in paracrystalline and raftlike structures. From these data, we conclude that the differences in physiological responses measured in WT and Rho+/- mice are due to structural changes of the whole ROS and not due to a lower density of Rho.
Reliability of 4 Outcome Measures in Pediatric Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2003)

The Gross Motor Function Measure, pulmonary function tests, quantitative muscle testing, and quality of life are reliable outcome measures for clinical trials in pediatric spinal muscular atrophy.
Multivesicular Liposomes (1987)

We entrapped the antimetabolite cytarabine hydrochloride in a multivesicular liposome for sustained drug delivery to the eye. The in vitro half-life of cytarabine release from these liposomes was 359 hours. Following subconjunctival administration of 6 mg of cytarabine to 12 rabbits, the tissue half-life of drug at the injection site was 52.5 hours in the six rabbits treated with liposomes compared with 0.2 hours in the six nonliposome controls treated with the same amount of drug in normal saline solution. The aqueous humor drug concentration peaked after 1.5 hours in both the experimental (0.4 mg/L) and control (19 mg/L) groups. In control eyes, the cytarabine level of both the tissue and aqueous humor had decreased to less than 1% of peak value by eight hours. In the liposome-treated eyes, almost 30% of the cytarabine remained in the conjunctiva and episcleral tissue after 72 hours. The difference in cytarabine levels in tissue between the liposome-treated group and controls was highly significant. By controlling the rate of drug release, it may be possible to reduce the ocular toxicity and increase the efficacy of this drug for treating ocular proliferative disorders.
A dynamic language model for speech recognition (1991)

In the case of a trigram language model, the probability of the next word conditioned on the previous two words is estimated from a large corpus of text. The resulting static trigram language model (STLM) has fixed probabilities that are independent of the document being dictated. To improve the language model (LM), one can adapt the probabilities of the trigram language model to match the current document more closely. The partially dictated document provides significant clues about what words are more likely to be used next. Of many methods that can be used to adapt the LM, we describe in this paper a simple model based on the trigram frequencies estimated from the partially dictated document. We call this model a cache trigram language model (CTLM) since we are caching the recent history of words. We have found that the CTLM reduces the perplexity of a dictated document by 23%. The error rate of a 20,000-word isolated word recognizer decreases by about 5% at the beginning of a document and by about 24% after a few hundred words.
Canine leptospirosis in New Jersey and Michigan: 17 cases (1990-1995) (1996)

The clinical, laboratory, and serological findings in 17 dogs with disease resulting from leptospiral infection were evaluated retrospectively. Acute renal failure was the most common syndrome, but cholestatic hepatic disease also was common. The most prevalent serovars identified were pomona, grippotyphosa, and autumnalis. Paired serology was available on 10 dogs. Aggressive fluid therapy in combination with ampicillin or amoxicillin resulted in a good survival rate. Canine leptospirosis may be more common than suspected, and paired serology often is necessary to confirm a diagnosis.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Vi Conjugate Vaccines for Typhoid Fever in Adults, Teenagers, and 2- to 4-Year-Old Children in Vietnam (1999)

The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, Vi, is an essential virulence factor and a protective vaccine for people older than 5 years. The safety and immunogenicity of two investigational Vi conjugate vaccines were evaluated in adults, 5- to 14-year-old children, and 2- to 4-year-old children in Vietnam. The conjugates were prepared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA) as the carrier, using either N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate (SPDP; Vi-rEPA(1)) or adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH; Vi-rEPA(2)) as linkers. None of the recipients experienced a temperature of >38.5 degrees C or significant local reactions. One injection of Vi-rEPA(2) into adults elicited a geometric mean (GM) increase in anti-Vi immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 9.62 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units/ml (EU) to 465 EU at 6 weeks; this level fell to 119 EU after 26 weeks. In the 5- to 14-year-old children, anti-Vi IgG levels at 6 weeks elicited by Vi-rEPA(2), Vi-rEPA(1), and Vi were 169, 22.8, and 18.9 EU, respectively (P = 0.0001 for Vi-rEPA(1) and Vi with respect to Vi-rEPA(2)). At 26 weeks, the anti-Vi IgG levels for recipients of Vi-rEPA(2), Vi-rEPA(1), and Vi were 30.0, 10.8, and 13.4 EU, respectively (P < 0.001 for Vi-rEPA(1) and Vi with respect to Vi-rEPA(2)); all were higher than the preinjection levels (P = 0. 0001). Vi-rEPA(2) also elicited the highest anti-Vi IgM and IgA levels of the three vaccines. In the 2- to 4-year-old children at 6 weeks following the first injection, Vi-rEPA(2) elicited an anti-Vi IgG level of 69.9 EU compared to 28.9 EU for Vi-rEPA(1) (P = 0.0001). Reinjection increased Vi antibody levels from 69.9 to 95.4 EU for Vi-rEPA(2) and from 28.9 to 83.0 EU for Vi-rEPA(1). At 26 weeks, anti-Vi IgG levels remained higher than those at preinjection (30.6 versus 0.18 for Vi-rEPA(2) and 12.8 versus 0.33 for Vi-rEPA(1); P = 0.0001 for both). Vi vaccine is recommended for individuals of 5 years of age or older. In the present study, the GM level of anti-Vi IgG elicited by two injections of Vi-rEPA(2) in the 2- to 4-year-old children was higher than that elicited by Vi in the 5- to 14-year-old children (30.6 versus 13.4; P = 0.0001). The safety and immunogenicity of the Vi-rEPA(2) conjugate warrant further investigation.