gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-circuiting the visual cycle with retinotoxic aromatic amines. (1986)

The retinotoxic drug 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy)pentane inhibits the accumulation of all 11-cis-retinoids in the eye and can deplete preformed stores of them. It is shown here that these effects are not specific to 1,5-di-(p-aminophenoxy)pentane but are shared generally by primary aromatic amines containing a hydrophobic tail. Furthermore, certain clinically used drugs, such as the anti-inflammatory drug phenacetin, can be metabolized to produce these retinotoxic amines. It is likely that hydrophobic aromatic amines will in general be retinotoxic, and drugs based on these structures need to be reassessed in this light. It is proposed here that these amines function by catalyzing the isomerization of 11-cis-retinal thermodynamically downhill to form its all-trans congener. This mechanism accounts for the lack of structural specificity observed with these compounds and is supported by experimental evidence presented here. Schiff bases formed between 11-cis-retinal and a relevant aromatic amine in phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes lead to the formation of the all-trans isomer, at rates approximately equal to 15 times faster than the rate of 11-cis-retinal isomerization by itself in these liposomes and 10(2)-10(3) times faster than the rate of isomerization of this molecule in n-heptane. The rates of the amine-catalyzed isomerization are fast enough to account for their in vivo effect.
Microbial biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (2008)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in various ecosystems and are pollutants of great concern due to their potential toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Because of their hydrophobic nature, most PAHs bind to particulates in soil and sediments, rendering them less available for biological uptake. Microbial degradation represents the major mechanism responsible for the ecological recovery of PAH-contaminated sites. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the current knowledge of microbial PAH catabolism. In the past decade, the genetic regulation of the pathway involved in naphthalene degradation by different gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was studied in great detail. Based on both genomic and proteomic data, a deeper understanding of some high-molecular-weight PAH degradation pathways in bacteria was provided. The ability of nonligninolytic and ligninolytic fungi to transform or metabolize PAH pollutants has received considerable attention, and the biochemical principles underlying the degradation of PAHs were examined. In addition, this review summarizes the information known about the biochemical processes that determine the fate of the individual components of PAH mixtures in polluted ecosystems. A deeper understanding of the microorganism-mediated mechanisms of catalysis of PAHs will facilitate the development of new methods to enhance the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites.
Peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current concepts. (1992)

As methods for increasing stem cells are perfected and alternate regimens for transplantation developed, PSCT will undoubtedly see wider application in combination with BMT and may ultimately replace BMT. The initial encouraging results with PSCT so far portend a major therapeutic role of this modality in the approach to hematologic and oncologic diseases. Prospective randomized trials comparing PSCT and BMT in a variety of clinical settings are needed and are already underway.
Glycobiology of Neural Stem Cells (2006)

The mammalian central nervous system is organized by a variety of cells, such as neurons and glial cells, that are generated from a common progenitor, the neural stem cell (NSC). NSCs are defined as undifferentiated neural cells that are characterized by their high proliferative potential while retaining the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. NSCs and their progeny may be distinguished by the expression of glycoconjugates (e.g., glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans). The carbohydrate antigens carried by glycoconjugates are mainly localized on the plasma membrane surface of the cells and they serve as excellent biomarkers for various stages of cellular differentiation. Thus, they have been utilized as ligands for sorting NSCs or their progeny by cell cytometry. Methods have been established for utilizing polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1), and gangliosides for cell sorting. Furthermore, glycoconjugates have also been suggested to have a wide range of receptor and signaling functions in NSCs. For example, basic fibroblast growth factor, an important mitogen of NSCs, requires heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycosylated cystatin C for activity. Notch signaling, which regulates a wide variety of developmental processes in various cells including NSCs, is modulated by the O-fucose glycan modification. In peripheral nervous system (PNS), the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) antigen regulates the migration of neural crest cells, cell populations containing the stem cells. Thus, glycoconjugates serve not only as marker molecules, but also as functional molecules as well. In the present review, we discuss the expression pattern and possible functions of glycoconjugates in NSCs.
A Pitfall in Utility Assessment — Patients' Undisclosed Investment Decisions (1992)

Among those decisions that may be made by a patient in response to an illness, the authors single out a certain class: contingent investment decisions. They are characterized by the patient's committing him- or herself, on the basis of prognostic counseling, to a certain action or non-action that he or she may regret in retrospect. Examples show that, when assessing utilities, the decision analyst runs a risk of handling such investment decisions incorrectly, unless they are made explicit and incorporated into the medical decision process. The anomaly is explained as a violation of the structural rules for decision trees and is also interpreted in terms of "the price of prognostic ignorance," a quantity closely related to the expected utility value of perfect information.
Cell surface localization of the 78 kD glucose regulated protein (GRP 78) induced by thapsigargin (1998)

In the present study it was found that the synthesis of the 78 kD glucose-regulated protein (GRP 78 or BIP) is vigorously induced in human rabdomiosarcoma cells (TE 671/RD) following both short-term (1 h) and prolonged (18 h) exposure to 100 nM thapsigargin (Tg). Flow cytometric analysis with a specific anti-GRP 78 polyclonal antibody showed that Tg-treated cells express the GRP 78 on the plasma membrane. Cell surface localization of the Tg-induced GRP 78 was confirmed by biotinylation of membrane-exposed proteins and subsequent isolation of the biotin-labelled proteins by streptavidin/agarose affinity chromatography. It was found that a fraction of the Tg-induced GRP 78 is present among the biotin-labelled, surface-exposed, proteins. Conversely, the GRP 78 immunoprecipitated from unfractionated lysates of Tg-treated and biotin-reacted cells was found to be biotinylated. This is the first report demonstrating surface expression of GRP 78 in cells exposed to a specific GRP 78-inducing stimulus.
Microbial Genome Methods (1996)

Eukaryotic MicrobesMolecular Dissection of G Protein-Mediated Signal Transduction Using Random Mutagenesis in Dictyostelium, C.A. Parent and P.N. DevreotesCloning and Characterizing Developmentally Regulated Genes in Candida albicans, D.R. Soll, T. Srikantha, and S.R. LockhartMethods in the Analysis of Telomere Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A.J. LustigGeneration, Screening, and Analysis of LACZ Fusions in Yeast, N. Burns, P. Ross-MacDonald, G.S. Roeder, and M. SnyderDevelopment of a Genetic Selection for Transcription Factor Mutants Based on a Promoter Fusion to a G418 Resistance Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A.E. Pepper and M.J. HollandGeneration of Chimeric Proteins by in Vivo Homologous Gene Recombination in Yeast: Example of an Essential P-Type ATPase, A. de Kerchove d'Exaerde, P. Supply, and A. GoffeauComparative Gene Analysis and Dominant Negative Mutations in DNA Repair, G.T. Milne, J.W. Donovan, Y. Xiao, and D.T. WeaverDNA Repair and Checkpoint Controls in Fission Yeast: A Practical Guide, A.M. Carr and J.M. MurrayProkaryotic MicrobesTechniques for the Introduction of Specific DNA Lesions Downstream from Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase Promoters and Analysis of the Transcription Products, W. Zhou and P.W. DoetschBacteria Identification by PCR-Based Techniques, G. Damiani, P. Amedeo, C. Bandi, R. Fani, D. Bellizzi, and V. SgaramellaLive Time Quantification of Bacterial Interactions in Various Environments, C.I. KadoIsolation of Complexes Containing an Escherichia coli Chaperone Protein, SecB, Bound to Newly Synthesized Polypeptides, O. Francetic and C.A. KumamotoPathogenesis and Host Resistance to Infection: A Model System and an Analysis of Capsule Synthesis and Regulation by Bacillus anthracis, S.L. Welkos and R. MarreroGenetic Manipulation of Bordetella, V. Scarlato, S. Ricci, R. Rappuoli, and M. Pizza
The structure of the digital setae of lizards (1965)

Abstract Light and electron microscope studies of the digital lamellar setae of geckos and anoline lizards demonstrate that the free ends of the setae consist of flattened spatulas of less than 1 μ in width. The anoline setae are simple structures usually less than 30 μ in length and with a single terminal spatula to each seta. In contrast the setae of geckos are complex structures of about 100 μ in length, with numerous branchings, and having many spatulas per seta. The spatulas of Gekko and Aristelliger were smaller (0.2‐0.4 μ in width) than the spatulas of Anolis (0.8 μ in width). The electron microscope studies indicate that the scales of lizards appear to be covered with small epidermal spines (1.5 μ long). The setae of anoles and geckos are considered to have evolved independently from these more primitive epidermal spines. It is further suggested that the mechanism that allows the lamellae to adhere to the substratum is a surface phenomenon. The spatulas provide a large surface that is in contact with the substratum and thus produces a large total frictional force. The α layer of the lizard stratum corneum can be readily identified in the lamellae. However, the structure of the β layer is not easily interpreted and there is evidence of a fibrous layer between the Oberhautchen and the α layer in the skin of the outer lamellar surface.
Vehicle Detection and Shape Recognition Using Optical Sensors: A Review (2010)

Optical systems are well suited for traffic observation and management. The real-time requirements can be met by implementation of appropriate image processing algorithms in hardware. Being one of the most important applications of optical sensors, vision-based vehicle detection and shape recognition for collecting information about road congestion, for driver assistance and for providing information for future development of roads has received considerable attention over the last one-two decades. There are many reasons for the intense research in this field including security requirements in the countries, the increased number of road accidents, the increased number of vehicles on the roads and the availability of feasible computer technologies that has brought a tremendous progress for computer vision research. This paper provides a critical survey of recent vision based road vehicle detection and shape recognition systems appeared in the literature.
Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction. Safety report from the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 9A Trial. (1994)

The rate of major spontaneous hemorrhage for both heparin and hirudin in TIMI 9A was higher than that seen in TIMI 5, TIMI 6, and GUSTO 1. This was possibly a result of high levels of anticoagulation at the doses of heparin and hirudin used, low previous estimates of the hemorrhage risk at the doses of hirudin used in TIMI 9A due to the relatively small number of patients receiving that dose in earlier studies, and enrollment of patients at higher risk of hemorrhage. Because a prolonged aPTT was associated with an increased risk of major hemorrhage in both heparin- and hirudin-treated patients, it now appears important to monitor aPTT on a regular basis when using either antithrombin to identify those patients who require downward adjustment of the infusion. TIMI 9B has therefore been configured with a lower hirudin bolus (0.1 mg/kg) and infusion (0.1 mg/kg per hour) and lower heparin infusion (1000 U/h without weight adjustment). Infusions of both antithrombins will be titrated to a target aPTT of 55 to 85 seconds.
Expression in E. coli of finger‐domain lacking tissue‐type plasminogen activator with high fibrin affinity (1985)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has a high affinity for fibrin and induces lysis of fibrin (fibrinolysis) on the surface of fibrin without degrading circulating fibrinogen. cDNA for t-PA which lacks the 'finger-domain' (the site for fibrin affinity) was isolated from Detroit 562 cells. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed a lack of the sequences which code for the finger-domain. A plasmid (pDPAT 1) containing the Escherichia coli tac promoter/operator and the cDNA sequence coding for 'finger-domain lacking t-PA' was constructed for expression in E. Coli. The polypeptide so produced was a new type of t-PA lacking finger-domain, but revealed plasminogen activator activity with the function of fibrin affinity.
Meta-analysis of 2040 sickle cell anemia patients: BCL11A and HBS1L-MYB are the major modifiers of HbF in African Americans (2012)

To the editor:

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) protects against many but not all of the hematologic and clinical complications of sickle cell anemia.[1][1],[2][2] This protection is dependent on the ability of HbF to hinder deoxyHbS polymerization. HbF level is variable and highly heritable. Previous
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Outdoor-to-Indoor and Indoor-to-Indoor Distributed Channels (2010)

We propose and parameterize an empirical model of the outdoor-to-indoor and indoor-to-indoor distributed (cooperative) radio channel, using experimental data in the 2.4-GHz band. In addition to the well-known physical effects of path loss, shadowing, and fading, we include several new aspects in our model that are specific to multiuser distributed channels: 1) correlated shadowing between different point-to-point links, which has a strong impact on cooperative system performance; 2) different types of indoor node mobility with respect to the transmitter and/or receiver nodes, implying a distinction between static and dynamic shadowing motivated by the measurement data; and 3) a small-scale fading distribution that captures more severe fading than that given by the Rayleigh distribution.
Inhibition of Phorbol Ester Binding and Protein Kinase C Activity by Heavy Metals (1989)

Other laboratories have reported biphasic effects of heavy metals on protein kinase C activity: stimulation followed by inhibition at higher concentrations. We demonstrate that these earlier findings most likely resulted from a combination of the effect of the heavy metals to liberate Ca2+ from Ca2+-EGTA buffer systems and the direct inhibitory effects of the metals on protein kinase C. Simulations of such interactions substantiate this conclusion. When soluble protein kinase C is prepared without the addition of Ca2+ or chelator, heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, in the 10 microM range) inhibit the activity of, and the binding of regulatory ligands to, protein kinase C. Heavy metals inhibit the extent of [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding without affecting the affinity of the interaction, an inhibition that is not surmounted by excess phospholipid. Heavy metals also inhibit the phospholipid-dependent catalytic activity of protein kinase C in a manner that excess phosphatidylserine can overcome. The inhibition of enzyme activity by heavy metals cannot be surmounted by excess Ca2+ or Mg2+. The inhibitory effects of heavy metals are not confined to protein kinase C. Heavy metals also inhibit cyclic AMP binding to cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and the catalytic activity of that kinase, but in a distinctly different pattern.
Moderate alcohol consumption induces sustained cardiac protection by activating PKC-ε and Akt (2002)

C57BL/6 mice were fed 18% ethanol (vol/vol) in drinking water for 12 wk. Isovolumic hearts were subjected to 20 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion on a Langendorff apparatus. There were no differences in baseline hemodynamic function between hearts from ethanol (EtOH)-fed mice and controls. However, prior alcohol consumption doubled recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (68 +/- 8 vs. 33 +/- 8 mmHg for controls; n = 10, P < 0.05) and reduced creatine kinase release by half (0.26 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.08 U x min(-1) x g wet wt(-1) for controls; n = 10, P < 0.05). EtOH feeding doubled expression of activated protein kinase C epsilon (PKC)epsilon (n = 6, P < 0.05); whereas PKC inhibition blocked protection during ischemia-reperfusion. EtOH feeding also increased expression of Akt three- to fivefold (n = 6, P < 0.05), whereas PKC inhibition prevented increases in Akt kinase activity. We conclude that signaling pathways involving PKC-epsilon are critical for sustained EtOH-mediated cardioprotection and that Akt may be a downstream effector of resistance to myocardial reperfusion injury.
Effect of Black maca (Lepidium meyenii) on one spermatogenic cycle in rats (2006)

Lepidium meyenii (Maca) grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m above sea level in the Peruvian central Andes. The hypocotyls of this plant are traditionally used in the Andean region for their supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The hypocotyls have different colours. Of these, Black maca has better effects on spermatogenesis. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that Black maca has early effects during a spermatogenic cycle (12 days) of male rats. For this, testicular spermatid, epididymal sperm and vas deferens sperm counts were measured after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 days of treatment with Black maca. Aqueous extract of Black maca was given orally by daily gavage at a dose of 2 g kg(-1). In a spermatogenic cycle, compared with day 1, daily sperm production (DSP) was lower at day 7 (control), whereas with Black maca, the difference was observed at day 12. Epididymal sperm count was higher in rats treated with Black maca at days 1, 3 and 7, but similar to controls at days 5 and 12; similarly sperm counts in vas deferens was higher in rats treated with Black maca in days 3, 5 and 7, but similar to controls at days 1 and 12. From this, it is suggested that first action of Black maca was at epididymal level increasing sperm count after 1 day of treatment, whereas an increase in sperm count was observed in vas deferens at day 3 of treatment. Finally, an increase in DSP was observed after 7 days of treatment with Black maca. Testicular testosterone was not affected after 7 days treatment with Black maca. In conclusion, Black maca affects sperm count as early as 1 day after beginning of treatment.
A new method for atmospheric correction and aerosol optical property retrieval for VIS-SWIR multi- and hyperspectral imaging sensors: QUAC (QUick atmospheric correction) (2005)

Abstract : We describe a new VNIR-SWIR atmospheric correction method for multi- and hyperspectral imagery, dubbed QUAC (QUick Atmospheric Correction) that also enables retrieval of the wavelength-dependent optical depth of the aerosol or haze and molecular absorbers. It determines the atmospheric compensation parameters directly from the information contained within the scene using the observed pixel spectra. The approach is based on the empirical finding that the spectral standard deviation of a collection of diverse material spectra, such as the endmember spectra in a scene, is essentially spectrally flat. It allows the retrieval of reasonably accurate reflectance spectra even when the sensor does not have a proper radiometric or wavelength calibration, or when the solar illumination intensity is unknown. The computational speed of the atmospheric correction method is significantly faster than for the first-principles methods, making it potentially suitable for realtime applications. The aerosol optical depth retrieval method, unlike most prior methods, does not require the presence of dark pixels. In this paper, QUAC is applied to atmospherically correction several AVIRIS data sets. Comparisons to the physics-based FLAASH code are also presented.
The structures of syringolides 1 and 2, novel C-glycosidic elicitors from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe structures of syringolides 1 and 2, novel C-glycosidic elicitors from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoSharon L. Midland, Noel T. Keen, James J. Sims, M. Mark Midland, Mark M. Stayton, Vicki Burton, Mitchell J. Smith, Eugene P. Mazzola, Kate J. Graham, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 11, 2940–2945Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00063a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00063a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population (2006)

The absolute risk of developing COPD among continuous smokers is at least 25%, which is larger than was previously estimated.
Threefold upconversion laser at 0.85, 1.23, and 1.73 μm in Er:YLF pumped with a 1.53 μm Er glass laser (1989)

Lasing action at 1.73, 1.23, and 0.85 μm was obtained by a threefold upconversion process in Er:YLF at 110 K using a 1.53 μm Er:glass pump laser. The 1.73 μm transition had the lowest threshold and highest pump conversion efficiency.
Water‐curable and biodegradable prepolymers (1991)

In an attempt to develop biodegradable polymers which can be shaped in situ and adhere to living tissues, we synthesized esterurethane prepolymers which can be cured upon contact with water in living tissues. First, D,L-lactide polymerization or D,L-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone (50:50) copolymerization was carried out using ethylene glycol or poly(ethylene glycol) as initiator to obtain hydroxyl-terminated biodegradable polyesters. They were then reacted with an excess of diisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluylene diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate to introduce a reactive isocyanate group to both of the end groups of the polyesters. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymers could be cured in the presence of water and the cured polymers were degraded by hydrolysis both in vitro and in vivo. It was found that the presence of appropriate amounts of hydrophilic units in the main chain was essential for giving a high curing rate and a high degradation rate for the biodegradable urethane prepolymers. The tissue responses to the cured polymers were not severe.