gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymic synthesis of N- and O-linked glycopeptides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic synthesis of N- and O-linked glycopeptidesChi Huey Wong, Matthias Schuster, Peng Wang, and Pamela SearsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 14, 5893–5901Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00067a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (1992)

Several important new agents are effecting the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma. The two selected for review in this article include a biologic-response modifier and a new chemotherapeutic agent. The biologic-response modifiers offer entirely new approaches to these diseases. The most extensively tested agent currently has been recombinant alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN). The IFN are active, albeit weak, remission-induction agents for low-grade NHL and some T-cell lymphomas, but they appear to be ineffective as single agents in most intermediate-grade or high-grade NHL and myeloma. However, an emerging pattern in follicular lymphomas and myeloma is that alpha-IFN in combination with chemotherapy may lead to more complete and durable clinical responses and the increased prospect of prolonged disease control. Fludarabine, a new chemotherapeutic agent, is a promising drug with demonstrated activity in low-grade lymphomas that parallels its impressive activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Digital rights management for content distribution (2003)

Transferring the traditional business model for selling digital goods linked to physical media to the online world leads to the need for a system to protect digital intellectual property. Digital Rights Management. (DRM) is a system to protect high-value digital assets and control the distribution and usage of those digital assets. This paper presents a review of the current state of DRM, focusing on security technologies, underlying legal implications and main obstacles to DRM deployment with the aim of providing a better understanding of what is currently happening to content management on a legal and technological basis and well prepared for grasping future prospects.
A Case for Hardware Protection of Guest VMs from Compromised Hypervisors in Cloud Computing (2011)

Cloud computing, enabled by virtualization technologies, is becoming a mainstream computing model. Many companies are starting to utilize the infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) cloud computing model, leasing guest virtual machines (VMs) from the infrastructure providers for economic reasons: to reduce their operating costs and to increase the flexibility of their own infrastructures. Yet, many companies may be hesitant to move to cloud computing due to security concerns. An integral part of any virtualization technology is the all-powerful hyper visor. A hyper visor is a system management software layer which can access all resources of the platform. Much research has been done on using hypervisors to monitor guest VMs for malicious code and on hardening hypervisors to make them more secure. There is, however, another threat which has not been addressed by researchers - that of compromised or malicious hypervisors that can extract sensitive or confidential data from guest VMs. Consequently, we propose that a new research direction needs to be undertaken to tackle this threat. We further propose that new hardware mechanisms in the multi core microprocessors are a viable way of providing protections for the guest VMs from the hyper visor, while still allowing the hyper visor to flexibly manage the resources of the physical platform.
Gene expression profile in circulating mononuclear cells after exposure to ultrafine carbon particles (2010)

Two-hour exposures to UFP produced gene expression changes in circulating mononuclear cells. These gene changes provide biologically plausible links to PM-induced systemic health effects, especially those in the cardiovascular system and glucose metabolism.
Exact eigenfunctions for square-wave gratings: Application to diffraction and surface-plasmon calculations (1982)

We show that for dielectric or metallic gratings with square-wave geometry the photon eigenfunctions in the grating region can be expressed in analytical form. The knowledge of these eigenfunctions makes the diffraction calculation not only simple and direct, but also devoid of the many limitations encountered in other solution techniques. In particular, diffraction from deep gratings and the calculation of surface-plasmon excitations present no difficulties. Numerical results on diffraction efficiency are in good agreement with our experimental data. The near-field electromagnetic properties of Ag gratings are examined in detail. These results are of particular importance in understanding the optical behavior of molecules near a rough metal surface (for example, in surface-enhanced Raman scattering). It is shown that coincident with the excitation of surface plasmon, there is an enhancement of the local- (surface-) field intensity by a factor of 100-500. For molecules on a grating surface, such increase in local fields can imply an amplification of ${10}^{4}$-3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ for the Raman scattering signal.
Spectral-decomposition response to reservoir fluids from a deepwater West Africa reservoir (2008)

Abstract We study the spectral-decomposition response to reservoir fluids from a deepwater West Africa reservoir through a systematic modeling approach. Our workflow starts from selecting the seismic data (far-angle seismic images) that show more pronounced fluid effect based on amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis. Synthetic seismic forward modeling performed at the control well established the quality of the seismic well tie. Reservoir wedge modeling, spectral decomposition of the field and synthetic seismic data, and theoretical analyses were conducted to understand the spectral-decomposition responses. The reservoir fluid type is a main factor controlling the spectral response. For this deepwater reservoir, the amplitude contrast between oil sand and brine sand is higher at low frequencies (∼15Hz). In addition, synthetic modeling can help identify the possible frequency band where the amplitude contrast between hydrocarbon sand and brine sand is higher. When properly included in a comprehensive direct-hydrocarbon-indicator (DHI)–AVO evaluation, spectral decomposition can enhance the identification of hydrocarbons.
A New Isomer of Julibroside J2fromAlbizia julibrissin (1998)

Abstract A new isomer of Julibroside J2 (Chen, S.P., Zhang, R.Y., Ma, L.B. and Tu, G.Z. Acta Pharm. Sinica, 1997, 32, 110–115) was obtained from the cytotoxic fraction of 95% ethanol extracts of stem barks of Albizia julibrissin Durazz, together with Julibroside J2. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[3-O-((6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-hydroxy-2,7 -octadienoyl)-β-D-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl} acacic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(1), named as Julibroside J7, based on chemical and spectral methods. Julibroside J2 showed good inhibitory action against KB cell line in vitro. Key Words: Albizia julibrissin LeguminosaeTriterpenoid saponinsCytotoxicityJulibroside J7
Phase III dose‐comparison study of glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis (2010)

In relapsing-remitting MS patients, both the currently-approved GA 20 mg and 40 mg doses were safe and well-tolerated, with no gain in efficacy for the higher dose.
[Treatment of obstruction of prosthetic conduct by percutaneous implantation of stents]. (1999)

Prosthetic conduits, with or without biological valves, are often inserted in surgical procedures to correct or palliate cardiac malformations. The principal problem is degeneration which causes variable degrees of obstruction requiring reoperation for their replacement. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of a non-surgical method of treating these obstructive prostheses by dilatation-implantation of a metallic vascular endoprosthesis (stenting). Thirteen patients were treated (age range 7.7 to 36 years; mean: 15 years). Eight had pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect corrected by a valved conduit from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery which became obstructive nearly 10 years later: the implantation of the stent reduced the transconduit pressure gradient in all cases except one who had not undergone closure of the septal defect in which the cyanosis was improved. There are two cases of obstruction of a modified Blalock anastomosis in which the stent revascularised the shunt with improvement in cyanosis. In the final 3 cases, the whole Fontan procedure was compromised by obstruction of a conduit incorporated in the system, and which dilatation with stenting considerably improved. The efficacy of the procedure was constant with no complications other than rupture of the balloon in 3 cases. The good results were maintained for an average of 7.3 months (range 1 to 25 months), but it was necessary to redilate one restenosed stent after 8 months. Dilatation followed by stenting in obstructive cardiovascular prostheses is a simple, safe and effective alternative to surgical reoperation.
Patterned Microstructures of Porous Silicon by Dry‐Removal Soft Lithography (2003)

A new procedure to directly pattern a luminescent porous silicon substrate by dry‐removal soft lithography is outlined. The ability to transfer a removed microstructure of porous silicon to a free‐standing flexible polymer film is also demonstrated, and by removing strips in orthogonal directions, an array of PSi pillars is produced (see Figure).
Ebola virus: new insights into disease aetiopathology and possible therapeutic interventions (2004)

Ebola virus (EBOV) gained public notoriety in the last decade largely as a consequence of the highly publicized isolation of a new EBOV species in a suburb of Washington, DC, in 1989, together with the dramatic clinical presentation of EBOV infection and high case-fatality rate in Africa (near 90% in some outbreaks), and the unusual and striking morphology of the virus. Furthermore, there are no vaccines or effective therapies currently available. Progress in understanding the origins of the pathophysiological changes that make EBOV infections of humans so devastating has been slow, primarily because these viruses require special containment for safe research. However, an increasing understanding of the mechanisms of EBOV pathogenesis, facilitated by the development of new tools to elucidate critical regulatory elements in the viral life cycle, is providing new targets that can be exploited for therapeutic interventions. Notably, identifying factors triggering the haemorrhagic complications that characterise EBOV infections led to the development of a strategy to modulate coagulopathy; this therapeutic modality successfully mitigated the effects of EBOV haemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates. This review summarises our current understanding of EBOV pathogenesis and discusses various approaches to therapeutic intervention based on our current understanding of how EBOV produces a lethal infection.
Genetic and functional analysis of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli (1993)

A 7.8-kbp fragment of chromosomal DNA from a region controlling multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) in Escherichia coli has been sequenced. Within the fragment is a potential divergent promoter region including marO, which contains two pairs of direct repeats, suggesting possible operator-regulatory sites. To the left of marO (region I) are one or two transcriptional units with three putative open reading frames (ORFs) encoding 64, 157, and 70 amino acids. To the right (region II) is a transcriptional unit containing three putative ORFs (ORF125/144, ORF129, and ORF72). Of six independent Mar mutants, four had mutations within the ORF encoding the first putative protein (ORF125/144) downstream of marO, including three different single-point mutations and an IS2 insertion. One of the other mutations occurred in marO (20-bp duplication), and the other occurred in a site in marO or ORF144 (a 1-bp change). All six mutations led to increased transcription of the region II transcript. High-copy-number plasmids containing marO and the adjacent ORF125/144 region from a wild-type source but not from a Mar mutant reduced the antibiotic resistance of a Mar mutant to levels comparable to those of wild-type cells. High-copy-number plasmids containing wild-type marO alone caused an increase in resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin in a wild-type strain. The nature of the Mar mutations and the results of the complementation studies suggest that ORF125/144 encodes a repressor (designated MarR) which acts at marO. The second ORF (ORF129), designated marA, would encode a protein, MarA, whose sequence shows strong similarity to those of a family of positive transcriptional regulators. A Tn5 insertion in marA inactivated the multiresistance phenotype of Mar mutants. The function of ORF72, designated marB, encoding the third putative protein in the operon, and that of other ORFs detected within the 7.8-kb fragment have not yet been determined.
Nonvascular VEGF receptor 3 expression by corneal epithelium maintains avascularity and vision (2006)

Transparency of the cornea, the window of the eye, is a prerequisite for vision. Angiogenesis into the normally avascular cornea is incompatible with good vision and, therefore, the cornea is one of the few tissues in the human body where avascularity is actively maintained. Here, we provide evidence for a critical mechanism contributing to corneal avascularity. VEGF receptor 3, normally present on lymphatic and proliferating blood vascular endothelium, is strongly constitutively expressed by corneal epithelium and is mechanistically responsible for suppressing inflammatory corneal angiogenesis.
Scavenger receptor class B type I is a key host factor for hepatitis C virus infection required for an entry step closely linked to CD81 (2007)

Our data suggest that SR-BI (i) represents a key host factor for HCV entry, (ii) is implicated in the same HCV entry pathway as CD81, and (iii) targets an entry step closely linked to HCV-CD81 interaction.
Identification of the Cyclamate Interaction Site within the Transmembrane Domain of the Human Sweet Taste Receptor Subunit T1R3 (2005)

The artificial sweetener cyclamate tastes sweet to humans, but not to mice. When expressed in vitro, the human sweet receptor (a heterodimer of two taste receptor subunits: hT1R2 + hT1R3) responds to cyclamate, but the mouse receptor (mT1R2 + mT1R3) does not. Using mixed-species pairings of human and mouse sweet receptor subunits, we determined that responsiveness to cyclamate requires the human form of T1R3. Using chimeras, we determined that it is the transmembrane domain of hT1R3 that is required for the sweet receptor to respond to cyclamate. Using directed mutagenesis, we identified several amino acid residues within the transmembrane domain of T1R3 that determine differential responsiveness to cyclamate of the human versus mouse sweet receptors. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues predicted to line a transmembrane domain binding pocket in hT1R3 identified six residues specifically involved in responsiveness to cyclamate. Using molecular modeling, we docked cyclamate within the transmembrane domain of T1R3. Our model predicts substantial overlap in the hT1R3 binding pockets for the agonist cyclamate and the inverse agonist lactisole. The transmembrane domain of T1R3 is likely to play a critical role in the interconversion of the sweet receptor from the ground state to the active state.
Buprenorphine for Pain Relief in a Patient with Drug Abuse (1991)

Buprenorphine is a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist which appears to produce less physical dependence and respiratory depression than typical mu-agonist opioids. These effects suggest its use for analgesia for drug abusers. However, buprenorphine may precipitate withdrawal from other opioids. The present case illustrates the utility of buprenorphine and describes a method to transfer a patient from a mu-agonist to buprenorphine without precipitating withdrawal or interrupting analgesia.
Characterization of Ebola Virus Entry by Using Pseudotyped Viruses: Identification of Receptor-Deficient Cell Lines (1998)

Studies analyzing Ebola virus replication have been severely hampered by the extreme pathogenicity of this virus. To permit analysis of the host range and function of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (Ebo-GP), we have developed a system for pseudotyping these glycoproteins into murine leukemia virus (MLV). This pseudotyped virus, MLV(Ebola), can be readily concentrated to titers which exceed 5 x 10(6) infectious units/ml and is effectively neutralized by antibodies specific for Ebo-GP. Analysis of MLV(Ebola) infection revealed that the host range conferred by Ebo-GP is very broad, extending to cells of a variety of species. Notably, all lymphoid cell lines tested were completely resistant to infection; we speculate that this is due to the absence of a cellular receptor for Ebo-GP on B and T cells. The generation of high-titer MLV(Ebola) pseudotypes will be useful for the analysis of immune responses to Ebola virus infection, development of neutralizing antibodies, analysis of glycoprotein function, and isolation of the cellular receptor(s) for the Ebola virus.
High-level, erythroid-specific expression of the human alpha-globin gene in transgenic mice and the production of human hemoglobin in murine erythrocytes. (1989)

Using the dominant control region (DCR) sequences that flank the beta-globin gene locus, we have been able to achieve high-level expression of the human alpha-globin gene in transgenic mice. Expression in fetal liver and blood is copy number dependent and at levels comparable to that of the endogenous mouse alpha-globin genes. Transgenic fetuses with high-copy numbers of the transgene suffer severe anemia and die before birth. Using a construct with both the human alpha- and beta-globin genes and the beta-globin DCR, live mice with low-copy numbers were obtained. Both human globin genes are expressed at high levels in adult red cells to give human hemoglobin HbA in amounts equal to or greater than endogenous mouse hemoglobin. Expression of HbA in murine red cells is not accompanied by any increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). However, these transgenic mice tend to have an increased number of reticulocytes in peripheral blood; consistent with some degree of hemolysis. Metabolic labeling experiments showed balanced mouse globin synthesis, but imbalanced human globin synthesis, with an alpha/beta biosynthetic ratio of approximately 0.6. Thus, these mice have mild anemia. These results are discussed with relation to the coordinate regulation of alpha- and beta-globin synthesis in erythroid tissues.
CD40 in Clinical Inflammation: From Multiple Sclerosis to Atherosclerosis (1997)

The interactions of CD40 and CD40L have been known for some time to critically regulate B-cell responses with respect to proliferation, isotype switching, antibody production, and memory formation. More recent findings demonstrated that CD40 can be expressed on several other antigen-presenting cell (APC) types such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. This expression of CD40 regulates T-cell-APC interaction and is centrally involved in a wide array of inflammatory events. Here, currently available data are reviewed demonstrating that CD40-CD40L interactions are operational in two chronic inflammatory clinical conditions, namely, multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis. The functional correlates of these interactions are discussed in the light of recent other findings, shedding light on the multiple effects of CD40-CD40L interactions.
Implantable Minipump With MEMS Electrothemal Valve for Bolus Injection in Mice (2008)

An implantable, single-use miniature infusion pump (MIP) was designed to allow radiotracer injection and functional neuroimaging in freely moving mice. The pump comprises a pressurized reservoir, and a parylene electrothermal valve, which opens to inject tracer through an intravenous catheter into the circulation. A 3-layer 300 μl elastomeric reservoir was built by molding silicone in two-part metal casts. The valve was powered by inductive power transfer from an external 20 cm diameter primary coil to an implanted miniature 8-turn, 1.6 cm diameter Litz-wire secondary coil capable of generating 150 mW at the frequency of 2 MHz.
Stereoselective synthesis of P-homochiral oligo(thymidine methanephosphonates) (1988)

An approach to the stereoselective synthesis of P-homochiral oligo(thymidine methanephosphonates) is described. Fully protected (Rp)- and (Sp)-diastereomers of MMTrTPMeTAC (3) were prepared in the stereospecific reaction of P-chiral nucleotide component 5'-O-monomethoxytritylthymidine 3'-O-[O-(4-nitrophenyl)methanephosphonate] (1) and 3'-O-acetylthmydine (2) bearing activated 5'-hydroxyl function. Deprotection of the 5'-OH group in 3 and subsequent stepwise reactions of activated 5'-OH oligonucleotide components with (Rp)- or (Sp)- isomers of 1 gave the trinucleotide MMTrTPMeTPMeTAC (4) and, subsequently, the tetranucleotide MMTrTPMeTPMeTPMeTAC (5) possessing all (Rp)- or all (Sp)- configurations at their internucleotide methanephosphonate P-atoms.
Intestinal obstruction from adhesions--how big is the problem? (1990)

Apart from one post-mortem study, the incidence of adhesions following laparotomy has not been well documented. 1. In a prospective analysis of 210 patients undergoing a laparotomy, who had previously had one or more abdominal operations, we found that 93% had intra-abdominal adhesions that were a result of their previous surgery. This compared with 115 first-time laparotomies in which 10.4% had adhesions. 2. Over a 25-year period, 261 of 28 297 adult general surgical admissions were for intestinal obstruction from adhesions (0.9%). Of 4502 laparotomies, 148 were for adhesive obstruction (3.3%). 3. Over a 13-year period all laparotomies were followed up for an average of 14.5 months (range 0-91 months). From these 2708 laparotomies, 26 developed intestinal obstruction due to postoperative adhesions within 1 year of surgery (1%). Fourteen did so within 1 month of surgery (0.5%). 4. The majority of the operations producing intestinal obstruction were lower abdominal, principally involving the colon. The volume of general surgical work from adhesions is large and the incidence of early intestinal obstruction is high.