gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and performance of metal conductors for stretchable electronic circuits (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an update on the progress of the design and reliability of stretchable interconnections for electronic circuits. Design/methodology/approach Finite element modelling (FEM) is used to analyse the physical behaviour of stretchable interconnects under different loading conditions. The fatigue life of a copper interconnect embedded into a silicone matrix has been evaluated using the Coffin‐Manson relation and FEM. Findings The mechanical properties of the substrate and the design of the metal interconnection play an important role on the fatigue lifetime of circuit. In the case of copper embedded into a PDMS Sylgard 186, more than 2,500 tensile cycles have been observed for a periodic deformation of 10 per cent. Research limitations/implications Reliability results are limited and need further work to create a more accurate empirical model to estimate the lifetime of stretchable interconnections. Originality/value The combined use of FEM and experimental analysis enable a more reliable design of the stretchable metal interconnections. The proposed horseshoe design offers the benefit of reduced permanent damage during elongation.
Retargetable instruction scheduling for pipelined processors (1991)

A multidisciplinary approach to treating spastic diplegia with SDR can provide good short-term and long-term outcomes in select patients suffering from spastic diplegia.
Expression of LDL Receptor, VLDL Receptor, LDL Receptor–Related Protein, and Scavenger Receptor in Rabbit Atherosclerotic Lesions (1998)

SR and VLDLR mRNAs were highly induced in atherosclerotic lesions. VLDLR and LRP may be involved in the formation of both SMC-and macrophage-derived foam cells, whereas SRs play an important role in lipid uptake in macrophages.
Degeneration affects the anisotropic and nonlinear behaviors of human anulus fibrosus in compression (1998)

Axial and radial specimens of non-degenerate and degenerate human anulus fibrosus (AF) were tested in confined compression to test the hypothesis that degeneration significantly affects the compressive properties of AF. Due to the highly oriented structure of AF, a secondary objective was to investigate anisotropic behaviors of AF in compression. Uniaxial swelling and stress relaxation experiments were performed on site-matched samples of anulus from the anterior outer region of L2-3 intervertebral discs. The experimental stress-relaxation behavior was modeled using the finite deformation biphasic theory and a finite-difference approximation scheme. Significant effects of degeneration but not orientation were detected for the reference stress offset, sigma(offset), and parameters describing the compressive stiffness (i.e. reference aggregate modulus, H(A0), and nonlinear stiffening coefficient, beta). Average values were 0.13+/-0.06 and 0.05+/-0.05 MPa for sigma(offset), 0.56+/-0.21 and 1.10+/-0.53 MPa for H(A0) and 2.13+/-1.48 and 0.44+/-0.61 for beta for all normal and degenerate specimens, respectively. No significant effect of degeneration or orientation were detected for either of the parameters describing the strain-dependent permeability (i.e. reference permeability, k0 and strain-dependent permeability coefficient, M) with average values for all specimens of 0.20+/-0.10 x 10(-15) m4/N-s and 1.18+/-1.30 for k0 and M, respectively. The loss of sigma(offset) was compensated with an elastic stiffening and change in the shape of the equilibrium stress-strain curve with H(A0) for degenerate tissues almost twice that of normal tissues and beta less than one sixth. The increase in reference elastic modulus with degeneration is likely related to an increase in tissue density resulting from the loss of water content. The significant effects of degeneration reported in this study suggested a shift in load carriage from fluid pressurization and swelling pressure to deformation of the solid matrix of the AF. The results also suggest that the highly organized and layered network of the anulus fibrosus, which gives rise to significant anisotropic effects in tension, does not play a major role in contributing to the magnitude of compressive stiffness or the mechanisms of fluid flow of the anulus in the confined compression configuration.
Transformation and Foreign Gene Expression in Plants Mediated by Microprojectile Bombardment (2003)

Most common strategies for gene transfer in plants derive from the fact that Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains Ti plasmids which facilitate transfer of T-DNA from the plasmid genome into plant cells with attendant integration of the T-DNA region containing foreign genes into the plant nuclear genome (1). Alternatively, DNA may be introduced into protoplasts using various chemical fusagens (2), by electroporation (3), or by microinjection (4). In all these approaches foreign DNA is introduced into the nuclear genome and mostly single genes driven by independent promoters flanked by polyA-specifying terminators have been expressed. Despite several advantages of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, major limitations still remain; the limited host range should be extended to major crop species. Monocots, especially cereals, are highly recalcitrant to Agrobacterium infection. Since regeneration from cultured tissues is a prerequisite, problems of somaclonal variation resulting from tissue culture induced mutations should also be addressed. Direct DNA transfer by electroporation or using chemical fusagens require the use of protoplasts; unfortunately, most crops can not be regenerated from single cells (5).
Umbilical cord blood lead levels in Shanghai, China. (1997)

This study was designed to determine the cord blood lead (BPb) levels of babies born in one urban area of Shanghai, and to preliminarily identify the demographic, social environment and prenatal factors which have an effect on the cord BPb concentrations. From August to November 1993, umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from 605 live newborns in the Yangpu Maternal and Child Hospital. 257 samples were excluded from measurement because of clotting. In 348 cord samples, the geometric mean of cord BPb levels was 9.2 micrograms/dl, with a 95% confidence interval of the mean 8.86-9.54 (micrograms/dl). 142 babies (40.8%) had cord BPb levels of 10 micrograms/dl or greater. As a result of this high percentage of newborns with BPb levels equal to or greater than 10 micrograms/dl, we estimate that each year in the Shanghai City about 60,000 newborns are at risk for developing neuropsychological deficiencies caused by maternal lead exposure during pregnancy. To investigate the factors affecting cord blood levels, the subjects with levels greater than the 70th percentile (10.7 micrograms/dl) (n = 104) and less than the 30th percentile (7.4 micrograms/dl) (n = 104) were selected to compare the demographic, environment and prenatal medical history. Increased BPb levels at birth were associated with maternal passive smoking, a family member being occupationally exposed to lead, proximity to major traffic way, household coal combustion, neighborhood coal combustion, low level of maternal occupations, and the increasing occurrence of having the high lead foodstuff pidan (preserved duck egg) during pregnancy. We conclude that prenatal lead exposure has become an important health issue for young children in Shanghai.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin and zidovudine (1993)

A potential pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin (Rimactan, Rifadin) and zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir) was investigated in the population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at our hospital. The results from four patients who were on long-term (> or = 6 months) combination therapy with zidovudine and rifampin are presented. In all cases of combined use of zidovudine and rifampin, a lower area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and, consequently, a higher apparent clearance of zidovudine were found, compared with a reference population of zidovudine users. Patients had a low to normal maximum concentration of zidovudine in plasma. Elimination half-lives were normal in all but one patient. Zidovudine glucuronide concentrations were determined in three patients and three control subjects. The patients all had relatively higher peak plasma concentrations and higher AUCs of zidovudine glucuronide than the control subjects. In one patient, zidovudine and zidovudine glucuronide were also measured 2.5 months after discontinuation of rifampin. The AUC of zidovudine increased by a factor of 2. These data are in agreement with an enzyme-inducing effect of rifampin on the glucuronidation of zidovudine. They indicate that long-term combination therapy of rifampin and zidovudine leads to increased clearance of zidovudine, which may have therapeutic consequences.
Constitutive expression of the cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana COR15a gene affects both chloroplast and protoplast freezing tolerance (1996)

Cold acclimation in plants is associated with the expression of COR (cold-regulated) genes that encode polypeptides of unknown function. It has been widely speculated that products of these genes might have roles in freezing tolerance. Here we provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. We show that constitutive expression of COR15a, a cold-regulated gene of Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a chloroplast-targeted polypeptide, enhances the in vivo freezing tolerance of chloroplasts in nonacclimated plants by almost 2 degrees C, nearly one-third of the increase that occurs upon cold acclimation of wild-type plants. Significantly, constitutive expression of COR15a also affects the in vitro freezing tolerance of protoplasts. At temperatures between -5 and -8 degrees C, the survival of protoplasts isolated from leaves of nonacclimated transgenic plants expressing COR15a was greater than that of protoplasts isolated from leaves of nonacclimated wild-type plants. At temperatures between -2 and -4 degrees C, constitutive expression of COR15a had a slight negative effect on survival. The implications of these data regarding possible modes of COR15a action are discussed.
Synthesis and biological activity of new 2-substituted analogs of fluphenazine (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activity of new 2-substituted analogs of fluphenazinePaul C. Bossle, C. Parker Ferguson, Walter E. Sultan, Willard J. Lennox, Gaston E. Dudley, Thomas H. Rea, and Jacob I. MillerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1976, 19, 3, 370–373Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00225a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00225a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Patients With Acute Lung Injury. Predictors of Mortality (1995)

A recent North-American-European Consensus Conference proposed new, uniform criteria for the definition of acute lung injury, in part to facilitate earlier identification of patients for clinical trials. However, these criteria have not been evaluated prospectively. We designed a prospective cohort study of 123 consecutive patients with acute lung injury prospectively identified on admission to the adult intensive care units of a tertiary care university hospital. The objectives were to determine if selection of patients using the new criteria for acute lung injury results in a significant change in the clinical characteristics, risk factors, or predictors of mortality when compared with prior studies of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); and to determine if a quantitative index of the severity of acute lung injury has prognostic value in identifying nonsurvivors of acute lung injury. We used three methods: (1) prospective identification of patients with acute lung injury using a PaO2/FIO2 ratio < 300 and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph in the absence of left heart failure; (2) evaluation of the severity of lung injury using a four-point scoring system; and (3) stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify variables significantly associated with hospital mortality. Overall hospital mortality was 58%. Sepsis was the most common clinical disorder (50/123 or 41%) associated with the development of acute lung injury. Using the new definition for acute lung injury, 66 of the 123 patients were enrolled with a PaO2/FIO2 ratio between 150 and 299; 57 of the 123 patients had a PaO2/FIO2 < 150 at the time of entry into the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aspergillus fumigatus Triggers Inflammatory Responses by Stage-Specific β-Glucan Display (2005)

Inhalation of fungal spores (conidia) occurs commonly and, in specific circumstances, can result in invasive disease. We investigated the murine inflammatory response to conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus, the most common invasive mold in immunocompromised hosts. In contrast to dormant spores, germinating conidia induce neutrophil recruitment to the airways and TNF-alpha/MIP-2 secretion by alveolar macrophages. Fungal beta-glucans act as a trigger for the induction of these inflammatory responses through their time-dependent exposure on the surface of germinating conidia. Dectin-1, an innate immune receptor that recognizes fungal beta-glucans, is recruited in vivo to alveolar macrophage phagosomes that have internalized conidia with exposed beta-glucans. Antibody-mediated blockade of Dectin-1 partially inhibits TNF-alpha/MIP-2 induction by metabolically active conidia. TLR-2- and MyD88-mediated signals provide an additive contribution to macrophage activation by germinating conidia. Selective responsiveness to germinating conidia provides the innate immune system with a mechanism to restrict inflammatory responses to metabolically active, potentially invasive fungal spores.
Therapeutic Effects of Coenzyme Q10and Remacemide in Transgenic Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease (2002)

There is substantial evidence that bioenergetic defects and excitotoxicity may play a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases in which there is reduced energy metabolism and NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity are the administration of the mitochondrial cofactor coenzyme Q10 and the NMDA antagonist remacemide. We found that oral administration of either coenzyme Q10 or remacemide significantly extended survival and delayed the development of motor deficits, weight loss, cerebral atrophy, and neuronal intranuclear inclusions in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of HD. The combined treatment, using coenzyme Q10 and remacemide together, was more efficacious than either compound alone, resulting in an approximately 32 and 17% increase in survival in the R6/2 and N171-82Q mice, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that combined treatment significantly attenuated ventricular enlargement in vivo. These studies further implicate defective energy metabolism and excitotoxicity in the R6/2 and N171-82Q transgenic mouse models of HD and are of interest in comparison with the outcome of a recent clinical trial examining coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in HD patients.
Identification of high‐grade cervical dysplasia by the detection of p16INK4a in cell lysates obtained from cervical samples (2006)

The data obtained in this study suggested that ELISA-based quantification of solubilized p16(INK4a) protein may have high sensitivity for detecting cervical precancer. Further population-based studies will be necessary to analyze the specificity and predictive values of p16(INK4a) protein quantification in cervical samples.
Correlation between fusogenicity of synthetic modified peptides corresponding to the NH2-terminal extremity of simian immunodeficiency virus gp32 and their mode of insertion into the lipid bilayer: an infrared spectroscopy study (1994)

The amino-terminal extremity of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmembrane protein (gp32) has been shown to play a pivotal role in cell-virus fusion and syncytium formation. We provide here evidence of a correlation between the structure and orientation of the modified SIV fusion peptide after insertion into the lipid membrane and its fusogenic activity. The sequence of the wild-type SIV peptide has been modified in such a way that the calculated angles of insertion correspond to an oblique, parallel, or normal orientation with respect to the lipid-water interface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to gain experimental informations about the structures and orientations, of the membrane-inserted peptides with respect to the lipid acyl chains. The peptides adopt mainly a beta-sheet conformation in the absence of lipids. After interaction with large unilamellar liposomes, this beta sheet is partly converted into alpha helix. The ability of the modified peptides to promote lipid mixing was assessed by a fluorescence energy transfer assay. The data provide evidence that alpha-helix formation is not sufficient to induce lipid mixing and that the fusogenic activity of the peptide depends on its orientation in the lipid bilayer.
The SmoA1 Mouse Model Reveals That Notch Signaling Is Critical for the Growth and Survival of Sonic Hedgehog-Induced Medulloblastomas (2004)

To develop a genetically faithful model of medulloblastoma with increased tumor incidence compared with the current best model we activated the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway by transgenically expressing a constitutively active form of Smoothened in mouse cerebellar granule neuron precursors (ND2:SmoA1 mice). This resulted in early cerebellar granule cell hyper-proliferation and a 48% incidence of medulloblastoma formation. Gene expression studies showed an increase in the known Shh targets Gli1 and Nmyc that correlated with increasing hyperplasia and tumor formation. Notch2 and the Notch target gene, HES5, were also significantly elevated in Smoothened-induced tumors showing that Shh pathway activation is sufficient to induce Notch pathway signaling. In human medulloblastomas reverse transcription-PCR for Shh and Notch targets revealed activation of both of these pathways in most tumors when compared with normal cerebellum. Notch pathway inhibition with soluble Delta ligand or gamma secretase inhibitors resulted in a marked reduction of viable cell numbers in medulloblastoma cell lines and primary tumor cultures. Treatment of mice with D283 medulloblastoma xenografts with a gamma secretase inhibitor resulted in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, confirming that Notch signaling contributes to human medulloblastoma proliferation and survival. Medulloblastomas in ND2:SmoA1 mice and humans have concomitant increase in Shh and Notch pathway activities, both of which contribute to tumor survival.
Complete Genome Sequence of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Isolated from the Gut of a Healthy Indian Adult (2017)

<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> is the most abundant (~4%) member of the phylum <i>Firmicutes</i> found in the colon of healthy humans. It is a strict anaerobe and plays an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of <i>F. prausnitzii</i> strain Indica.
The in vivo melanocytotoxicity and depigmenting potency of N-2,4-acetoxyphenyl thioethyl acetamide in the skin and hair (1995)

It has been shown previously that N-acetyl-4-S-cysteaminylphenol (N-Ac-4-S-CAP) is a tyrosinase substrate and a potent depigmenting agent of dark skin and black hair. The present study evaluated the depigmenting potency of an acetyl derivative of N-Ac-4-S-CAP, N-2,4-acetoxyphenyl thioethyl acetamide (NAP-TEA) in the skin and hair. We tested for (i) in vitro metabolites in the skin after topical application, and (ii) in vivo depigmenting potency in the skin and hair. We found that NAP-TEA was stable in water, but was converted to N-Ac-4-S-CAP after topical application to human skin. Therefore, although NAP-TEA was not a tyrosinase substrate, it could react with tyrosinase after being converted to N-Ac-4-S-CAP by O-deacetylation in vivo. NAP-TEA produced marked depigmentation of dark skin (Yucatan pig) after daily topical application. When given by intraperitoneal injection, it resulted in complete loss of hair colour (white) grown at the epilated site in adult C57 black mice after daily administration for 10 days, and incomplete loss of coat colour (silver grey) in newborn C57 black mice after a single administration. The depigmentation of the skin and hair was reversible. Split-dopa preparation and electron microscopy indicated that this depigmentation is primarily related to (i) a marked decrease in the number of functioning melanocytes and melanized melanosomes, (ii) a decrease in the number of melanosomes transferred to keratinocytes, and (iii) selective degeneration/inactivation of melanocytes, and deposition of melanin-like material in the Golgi cisternae, coated vesicles and melanosomes, where tyrosinase is reported to be located. We propose the NAP-TEA is converted in vivo to N-Ac-4-S-CAP which, via interaction with tyrosinase, causes reversible depigmentation of the skin and hair.
Alkoxy-substituted poly(arylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(arylene-vinylene)s: synthesis, electroluminescence and photovoltaic applications (2010)

Poly(arylene-ethynylene)-alt-poly(arylene-vinylene)s (PAE-PAVs) combine the intrinsic features of both poly(arylene-ethynylene) (PAE) and poly(arylene-vinylene) (PAV) in a single polymeric backbone. They exhibit enhanced electron affinity, as compared to parent poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPV), making electron injection easier, placing them as potential candidates for low turn-on voltage organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Depending on the chemical structures, PAE-PAVs have been efficiently used either as donor materials in polymer-PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester) or polymer-Vinazene (2-vinyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole) bulk heterojunction solar cells or as acceptor materials in polymer-polymer bilayer and blend solar cells. This article reviews the synthesis and properties (electroluminescence and photovoltaic) of π-conjugated alkoxy-substituted PAE-PAVs, designed by us, and which were obtained either by Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination reaction of luminophoric dialdehydes with bisphosphonate esters, or Knoevenagel reaction of the same dialdehydes with dinitriles.