gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Optimum Checkpoint Interval (1979)

One of the basic problems related to the efficient and secure operation of a transaction oriented file or database system is the choice of the checkpoint interval In this paper we show that the optimum checkpoint interval (i e the time interval between successive checkpoints which maximizes system avadabihty) is a function of the load of the system We also prove that the total operating time of the system (and not the total real time) between successive checkpoints should be a deterministic quantity in order to maximize the availability An explicit expression for this time interval Is obtained These results are a significant departure from previous work where load independent results have been obtained We also present a rigorous analysis of the queuelng process related to the requests for transaction processing arriving at the system, and prove the ergodiclty conditions for the system
Long-Term Follow-Up for Locally Advanced and Inflammatory Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Multimodality Therapy (2004)

Fifteen-year follow-up of stage IIIA and inflammatory breast cancer is rarely reported; IBC patients have a poor long-term outlook.
Design and computational analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments (2016)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a revolutionary tool that allows us to address scientific questions that eluded examination just a few years ago. With the advantages of scRNA-seq come computational challenges that are just beginning to be addressed. In this article, we highlight the computational methods available for the design and analysis of scRNA-seq experiments, their advantages and disadvantages in various settings, the open questions for which novel methods are needed, and expected future developments in this exciting area.
Development of Agricultural Product Logistics from the Perspective of the 4PL (2013)

From the perspective of the Fourth Party Logistics (4PL), this paper elaborates the concept, background and development plight of agricultural products logistics, advises developing 4PL under the background of rapid development of agricultural products and logistics, etc. and explores issues of information, efficiency and supervision of agricultural products logistics, draws the conclusion that only construct an 4PL agricultural products logistics system can alleviate the aporia of cost, and speed the efficiency of China’s agricultural products logistics.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of the Bacillus pumilus gene for ferulic acid decarboxylase (1995)

The Bacillus pumilus gene encoding a ferulic acid decarboxylase (fdc) was identified and isolated by its ability to promote ferulic acid decarboxylation in Escherichia coli DH5 alpha. The DNA sequence of the fdc gene was determined, and the recombinant enzyme produced in E. coli was purified and characterized.
The neocortical microcircuit as a tabula rasa (2005)

The neocortex has a high capacity for plasticity. To understand the full scope of this capacity, it is essential to know how neurons choose particular partners to form synaptic connections. By using multineuron whole-cell recordings and confocal microscopy we found that axons of layer V neocortical pyramidal neurons do not preferentially project toward the dendrites of particular neighboring pyramidal neurons; instead, axons promiscuously touch all neighboring dendrites without any bias. Functional synaptic coupling of a small fraction of these neurons is, however, correlated with the existence of synaptic boutons at existing touch sites. These data provide the first direct experimental evidence for a tabula rasa-like structural matrix between neocortical pyramidal neurons and suggests that pre- and postsynaptic interactions shape the conversion between touches and synapses to form specific functional microcircuits. These data also indicate that the local neocortical microcircuit has the potential to be differently rewired without the need for remodeling axonal or dendritic arbors.
An fMRI study of prefrontal brain activation during multiple tasks in patients with major depressive disorder (2007)

Patients with depression exhibit increased brain activation, especially in right prefrontal regions, across several types of cognitive task activity. Patients with depression may recruit greater brain regions to achieve similar or even poorer task performance than control subjects.
Crystals, Counters and Computers — New Tools for Powder Diffraction (1996)

Crystals, counters and computers are the most important new tools for powder diffraction. New crystal monochromators allow a wide band of wavelengths to be focussed to give higher intensity. New position sensitive detectors cover a larger angular range, increasing efficiency and the definition of the powder profile. Finally, new computers refine and display the data in real time, converting measurements into real experiments. These new technical developments will allow neutron powder diffraction on reactors to remain unique tools in chemical crystallography, despite advances made with pulsed sources and synchrotrons. In this paper we describe a new monochromator and filter for D2B, new detectors for DlA and D20 and new computers and software for all diffractometers.
Sequence motif in control regions of the H+/K+ ATPase α and β subunit genes recognized by gastric specific nuclear protein(s) (1992)

A nuclear protein(s) from rat or pig stomach recognized a conserved sequence in the 5′‐upstream regions of the rat and human H + /K + ‐ATPase α subunit genes. A gel retardation assay suggested that part of the binding site was located in the TAATCAGCTG sequence. No nuclear proteins capable of the binding could be detected in other tissues of rat (liver, brain, kidney, spleen and lung) or pig liver. The sequence motif (GATAGC) located 5′‐upstream of the β‐subunit gene also seemed to be recognized by the same protein, because the binding of nuclear protein to the sequence motifs in the α and β subunits was mutually competitive. Considering the sense‐strand sequence of the binding motif in the α‐subunit gene, we conclude that (G/C)PuPu(G/C)NGAT(A/T)PuPy is a core sequence motif for the gastric specific DNA binding protein (PCSF, parietal cell specific factor).
Chronic treatment with growth hormone stimulates adiponectin gene expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (2004)

Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of adiposity and systemic energy metabolism. Here, we have investigated the effects of GH on production of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic hormone secreted exclusively from adipocytes. Analysis using real time quantitative PCR revealed that GH significantly increased adiponectin gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Time course study showed that the expression of adiponectin gene started to increase only after 30 h of GH treatment (10(-8) M), suggesting it to be a chronic effect. GH-mediated induction of adiponectin gene expression was completely blocked by treatment with the Janus kinase2 (JAK2) inhibitor AG490 and the P38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580, while the specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (LY294002) and p70S6 kinase (rapamycin) moderately enhanced GHs effect. Co-incubation of adipocytes with GH and the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone produced additive effects on induction of adiponectin gene expression. These results collectively suggest that GH increases adiponectin gene expression through the JAK2-P38 MAP kinase pathway, and that elevation of adiponectin production might represent a novel mechanism by which GH regulates systemic energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Diluting Lidocaine and Mepivacaine in Balanced Salt Solution Reduces the Pain of Intradermal Injection (1994)

The dilution of lidocaine and mepivacaine with balanced salt solution produces a solution that is both painless on injection and of moderate duration.
Patient position verification using CT images (1999)

The use of ions in the radiotherapy of cancer patients requires an accurate patient positioning in order to exploit its potential benefits. Using CT images as the basis for the setup verification offers the advantage of a high in‐plane resolution in combination with a geometrically accurate, volumetric information. Before each fraction a single CT slice is acquired at the isocenter level after the positioning procedure. This single slice is registered to the planning CT cube using automated image registration algorithms. Thus any erreonous translation or rotation can be detected and quantified. The registration process involves the interpolation of the volumetric data, the calculation of an energy function, and the minimization of this energy function. Several data interpolation functions as well as minimization algorithms were compared. CT studies with a head phantom were performed in which defined translations and rotations were simulated by moving a motor‐driven treatment chair. Different slice thicknesses and anatomical sites were studied to investigate their potential influence on the registration accuracy. The accuracy of the registration was found to be a fraction of a voxel size for suitable combinations of algorithms (typically better than 0.16 mm/deg). A significant dependancy of the registration accuracy on the CT slice thickness and the anatomical site was found (the accuracy ranges from 0.05 mm/deg to 0.16 mm/deg depending on the site). The calculation time is dependant on the used algorithms and the magnitude of the setup error. For the standard combination of algorithms as proposed by the authors ( Downhill Simplex minimization with Trilinear interpolation) the typical calculation time is about 20 s for a Sun UltraSPARC processor. Taking into account the mechanical accuracy of the setup device (motor‐driven chair) the registration of CT images is thus a useful tool for detecting and quantifying any significant error in the patient position.
An efficient, pitch-aligned high-frequency regeneration technique for RELP vocoders (2005)

A technique for reducing the tonal noises due to harmonic misalignment in RELP vocoders is developed. The method, pitch-aligned high-frequency regeneration, is based upon frequency translation by modulation phenomena of the transmitted baseband signal. The method is reported to give the same tonal noise reduction as a full-band pitch prediction system. A reduced complexity version is implemented in a real-time, single TMS320-based vocoder.
Replication of hepatitis C virus RNA occurs in a membrane-bound replication complex containing nonstructural viral proteins and RNA (2003)

Biochemical studies revealed that nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacted with each other and were associated with intracellular membranes. The goals of this study were to determine whether nonstructural viral proteins are colocalized at specific intracellular sites where HCV RNA is replicated and to identify the virus components of the HCV replication complex (RC). Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation studies were performed to determine the intracellular colocalization of nonstructural HCV proteins and the replicating RNA in a human hepatoma cell line, Huh7, in which a subgenomic HCV RNA was replicated persistently. The replicating HCV RNA was labelled with 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate (BrUTP). Results show that each of the nonstructural HCV proteins was colocalized predominantly with the newly synthesized HCV RNA labelled with BrUTP and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, calnexin. Consistent with these findings, subcellular fractionation and Western blot analyses revealed that the nonstructural HCV proteins were colocalized with HCV RNA mainly in the membrane fractions. Conversely, the viral nonstructural proteins and RNA remained in the soluble fractions upon treatment with detergent, confirming the membrane association of the HCV RC. HCV RNA in the membrane-bound RC was resistant to RNase treatment, whereas it became sensitive to RNases once the membranes were disrupted by treatment with detergent, suggesting that the HCV RC is assembled within membrane structures. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HCV RNA replication occurs in the perinuclear ER membrane-bound HCV RC, containing nonstructural viral proteins and RNA.
Wishing Away Inflammation? New Links between Serotonin and TNF Signaling (2009)

Although the influence of neural activity on immune and inflammatory pathways is undisputed, details of how neurotransmitters modulate signaling by cytokine and antigen receptors remain sketchy. New findings on the influence of the serotonin receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A) and receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) suggest that in some cases there may be direct interactions between neurotransmitter and cytokine receptor signaling. These findings have implications for the many psychiatric patients on medications that modulate serotonin signaling and suggest that neurotransmitter receptors should not be ignored as candidate targets for immunoregulation.
Optimization of Cellular ELISA for Assay of Surface Antigens on Human Synoviocytes (1997)

The cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) permits assay of cell surface antigens on intact fixed cells. Using a monolayer of cells as the solid phase, the CELISA offers an inexpensive alternative to flow cytometry. In addition, this protocol has the decided advantages of miniaturization (small numbers of cells) and ease of replication (the 96-well cluster plate format). In efforts to optimize CELISA for detecting surface antigens on human fibroblastlike synoviocytes, the authors found that cell number, serum proteins, choice of culture plate, pipetting technique and fixatives may all impact the results of the CELISA.
Distinct and Long-Lived Activity States of Single Enzyme Molecules (2008)

Individual enzyme molecules have been observed to possess discrete and different turnover rates due to the presence of long-lived activity states. These stable activity states are thought to result from different molecular conformations or post-translational modifications. The distributions in kinetic activity observed in previous studies were obtained from small numbers of single enzyme molecules. Due to this limitation, it has not been possible to fully characterize the different kinetic and equilibrium binding parameters of single enzyme molecules. In this paper, we analyze hundreds of single beta-galactosidase molecules simultaneously; using a high-density array of 50,000 fL-reaction chambers, we confirm the presence of long-lived kinetic states within a population of enzyme molecules. Our analysis has isolated the source of kinetic variability to kcat. The results explain the kinetic variability within enzyme molecule populations and offer a deeper understanding of the unique properties of single enzyme molecules. Gaining a more fundamental understanding of how individual enzyme molecules work within a population should provide insight into how they affect downstream biochemical processes. If the results reported here can be generalized to other enzymes, then the stochastic nature of individual enzyme molecule kinetics should have a substantial impact on the overall metabolic activity within a cell.
Effects of Chemical Oxidants on Perfluoroalkyl Acid Transport in One-Dimensional Porous Media Columns (2015)

In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a remediation approach that is often used to remediate soil and groundwater contaminated with fuels and chlorinated solvents. At many aqueous film-forming foam-impacted sites, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) can also be present at concentrations warranting concern. Laboratory experiments were completed using flow-through one-dimensional columns to improve our understanding of how ISCO (i.e., activated persulfate, permanganate, or catalyzed hydrogen peroxide) could affect the fate and transport of PFAAs in saturated porous media. While the resultant data suggest that standard ISCO is not a viable remediation strategy for PFAA decomposition, substantial changes in PFAA transport were observed upon and following the application of ISCO. In general, activated persulfate decreased PFAA transport, while permanganate and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide increased PFAA transport. PFAA sorption increased in the presence of increased aqueous polyvalent cation concentrations or decreased pH. The changes in contaminant mobility were greater than what would be predicted on the basis of aqueous chemistry considerations alone, suggesting that the application of ISCO results in changes to the porous media matrix (e.g., soil organic matter quality) that also influence transport. The application of ISCO is likely to result in changes in PFAA transport, where the direction (increased or decreased transport) and magnitude are dependent on PFAA characteristics, oxidant characteristics, and site-specific factors.
A Mammalian Translation Initiation Factor Can Substitute for Its Yeast Homologue in Vivo (1989)

The translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) is involved in the recognition of the cap structure at the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA and facilitates ribosome binding. Subsequently, additional initiation factors mediate ribosomal scanning of mRNA and initiator AUG recognition (Shatkin, A. J. (1985) Cell 40, 223-224; Rhoads, R. E. (1988) Trends Biochem. Sci. 13, 52-56; Edery, I., Pelletier, J., and Sonenberg, N. (1987) in Translational Regulation of Gene Expression (Ilan, J., ed) pp. 335-366, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York). We show here that initiation factor 4E is functionally conserved between the unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammals. Although the amino acid identity of the factors from both species is limited to only 33%, mouse eIF-4E can substitute for yeast eIF-4E in vivo without major effects on cell viability, growth, and mating. This finding provides a starting point for new experimental strategies to investigate the structure-function relationship of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-4E.
Interprocess Communication in Linux (2002)

The definitive guide to Linux processes and IPC for programmers and system administrators Pipes, message queues, semaphores, shared memory, RPC, sockets, the /proc filesystem, and much more In-depth coverage of multithreading with POSIX compliant LinuxThreads Contains dozens of detailedprogram examples (GNU C/C++ 2.96/Red Hat Linux 7.3 & 8.0)Raves for Gray's companion UNIX® volume!Concepts I only vaguely understood now make complete sense to me! The sample code and exercises are so good,they seem to clamp down on the concepts like a vise grip...-S. Lee Henry, Johns HopkinsUniversityThe expert, example-rich guide to Linuxprocesses and IPCSerious Linux software developers need a sophisticated understanding of processes, system level programming andinterprocess communication techniques. Now, John Shapley Gray, author of the widely praised Interprocess Communicationin UNIX, Second Edition, zeroes in on the core techniques Linux uses to manage processes and IPC. With exceptionalprecision and great clarity, Gray explains what processes are, how they're generated, how they access their environments,how they communicate-and how to use them to build robust, high-performance systems. Includes extensive coverage of named/unnamed pipes, message queues, semaphores, and shared memory. Provides C++ classes for System V IPC facilities. Offers an in-depth introduction to socket-basedcommunication. Demystifies Linux's /proc file system. Illuminates the LinuxThreads POSIX threadimplementation and its use in multithreaded applications. Provides valuable tips and warnings, plus insight intokey differences amongst Linux and Unix implementations. Includes problem sets and illustrations designed toreinforce key concepts.Gray presents dozens of standalone program examples; all compiled with the GNU C/C++ compiler 2.96 & 3.2, and fullytested on PC platforms running Red Hat Linux 7.3 & 8.0.http://authors.phptr.com/gray/
Capillary isoelectric focusing-electrospray mass spectrometry for protein analysis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary isoelectric focusing-electrospray mass spectrometry for protein analysisQing. Tang, A. Kamel. Harrata, and Cheng S. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 19, 3515–3519Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00115a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00115a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Using Cell‐Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma (2015)

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) represents an outstanding example of how novel scientific discoveries can be quickly and successfully developed into hugely impactful clinical diagnostic tests. Since the introduction of NIPT to detect trisomy 21 in late 2011, the technology has rapidly advanced to analyze other autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies, and now includes the detection of subchromosomal deletion and duplication events. Here we provide a brief overview of how noninvasive prenatal testing using next-generation sequencing is performed.
Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Spherical Block Copolymer Domains into V-Shaped Grooves (2006)

The self-assembly of a spherical-morphology block copolymer into V-shaped grooves has been investigated. Although spherical morphology block copolymers typically form a bcc sphere array in bulk, the V groove promotes the formation of a well-ordered fcc close-packed sphere array with the (111) planes of the array parallel to the groove walls. The sphere size in the block copolymer adjusts depending on the commensurability between the periodicity of the block copolymer and the film thickness within the V groove. The top surface of the close-packed array, parallel to the substrate, shows a square symmetry, unlike the hexagonal symmetry seen in monolayers of spherical domains, which may provide a useful geometry for block copolymer lithography.