gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A highly scalable 8-layer Vertical Gate 3D NAND with split-page bit line layout and efficient binary-sum MiLC (Minimal Incremental Layer Cost) staircase contacts (2012)

We demonstrate an 8-layer 3D Vertical Gate NAND Flash with WL half pitch =37.5nm, BL half pitch=75nm, 64-WL NAND string with 63% array core efficiency. This is the first time that a 3D NAND Flash can be successfully scaled to below 3Xnm half pitch in one lateral dimension, thus an 8-layer stack device already provides a very cost effective technology with lower cost than the conventional sub-20nm 2D NAND. Our new VG architecture has two key features: (1) To improve the manufacturability a new layout that twists the even/odd BL's (and pages) in the opposite direction (split-page BL) is adopted. This allows the island-gate SSL devices [1] and metal interconnections be laid out in double pitch, creating much larger process window for BL pitch scaling; (2) A novel staircase BL contact formation method using binary sum of only M lithography and etching steps to achieve 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> contacts. This not only allows precise landing of the tight-pitch staircase contacts, but also minimizes the process steps and cost. We have successfully fabricated an 8-layer array using TFT BE-SONOS charge-trapping device. The array characteristics including reading, programming, inhibit, and block erase are demonstrated.
Absolute calibration of antennas at extremely low frequencies (1973)

To calibrate electric-field sensors at extremely low frequency (ELF) the measured terminal voltage <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> at a receiving antenna is compared with the Analytically predicted <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> for a precisely known incident field. That incident field is generated by an electrically very short thin linear radiator. Formulas are given for the field in the immediate vicinity of such a radiator above a perfectly conducting ground. Also given is an expression for the integral of this field along a vertical path starting at ground level. The expressions involve the magnitude of the current at the base of the radiator and methods are described for establishing that quantity precisely by measuring the base-to-ground voltage and the very small capacitance (about 20 pF) of the radiator. The methods for small capacitance measurement are also applied to linear and spherical receiving antennas, and experiments are described in which it was possible to predict the terminal voltage at a receiving antenna to within <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm3</tex> percent when the voltage applied to the transmitting radiator, located at a relatively short distance ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\approx 16</tex> to 21 m) was known. Details of measurement circuitry are given including descriptions of an extremely high input impedance ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\approx 5000 M\Omega</tex> ) amplifier and a circuit for the compensation of cable capacitance. For a uniform incident field the effective height of both, a vertical linear receiving antenna and of a spherical antenna, is equal to the distance between ground level and the center of the conducting part of the antenna. Typical values for the natural, ambient ELF field in the frequency range 3 to 30 Hz are shown to be in the vicinity of 0.1 mV/m/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> .
The Pluripotency Regulator Zic3 Is a Direct Activator of the Nanog Promoter in ESCs (2010)

The transcription factor Zic3 is required for maintenance of ESC pluripotency. By genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip) in ESCs, we have identified 379 direct Zic3 targets, many of which are functionally associated with pluripotency, cell cycle, proliferation, oncogenesis, and early embryogenesis. Through a computational analysis of Zic3 target sequences, we have identified a novel Zic3 consensus binding motif (5'-CC(C)/(T) GCTGGG-3'). ChIP results and in vitro DNA binding assays revealed that Zic3 binds with high affinity and specificity on the Nanog promoter. Here, we demonstrate that Zic3 functions as a transcriptional activator of the Nanog promoter in three ways: (a) Nanog transcript levels are sustained with Zic3 overexpression in differentiating ESCs, (b) Zic3 depletion in ESCs downregulates Nanog promoter activity, and (c) Zic3 overexpression leads to increased Nanog promoter activity. Furthermore, the activity of a mutant Nanog promoter with ablated Oct4/Sox2 binding is rescued by Zic3 overexpression to nearly wild-type levels. This indicates that Nanog is a positive transcriptional target of Zic3 in a mechanism that is independent of Oct4/Sox2 binding. Hence, we demonstrate an important pathway for regulation of Nanog expression in pluripotent ESCs through direct activation by Zic3.
Tobacco mosaic virus templated synthesis of one dimensional inorganic–polymer hybrid fibres (2009)

Inorganic–polymer hybrid nanofibres were prepared by using a rod-like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a template. With tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor, long silica-coated TMV fibres were formed via a head-to-tail assembly, which showed a substantial increase of the elastic modulus. Furthermore, homogenous titania–TMV hybrid fibres could be prepared using polyaniline-coated TMV fibres as a template, which were used to form a composite film that was able to sense liquefied petroleum gases.
Evidence of Bacterial Biofilms on Frontal Recess Stents in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2004)

This is evidence of the possible presence of bacterial biofilms on frontal sinus stents in patients with chronic sinusitis. Further study into the role of bacterial biofilms in perpetuating chronic sinusitis is warranted.
A database of reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assays for elucidating therapeutic response in cancer (2011)

This resource enables quantitative assessment of protein components of signaling pathways and biological processes and holds promise for systematic investigation of treatment responses in cancer.
Optical glucose monitoring using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) (2009)

Diabetes Mellitus is a common chronic disease that has become a public health issue. Continuous glucose monitoring improves patient health by stabilizing the glucose levels. Optical methods are one of the painless and promising methods that can be used for blood glucose predictions. However, having accuracies lower than what is acceptable clinically has been a major concern. Using lasers along with multivariate techniques such as Partial Least Square (PLS) can improve glucose predictions. This research involves investigations for developing a novel optical system for accurate glucose predictions, which leads to the development of a small, low power, implantable optical sensor for diabetes patients.
Bone Marrow Transplantation (1983)

<h3>How Is Bone Marrow Transplantation Performed?</h3><h3>JAMA:</h3> How is bone marrow transplantation performed? <b>Thomas</b>: We take the donor to the operating room, and, under sterile conditions, we carry out a series of aspirations of bone marrow from the anterior and posterior iliac crests. It takes about an hour in the operating room and involves more than 100 aspirations. The marrow is like a honeycomb, and one has to keep putting the point of the needle in different places to continue to get marrow. On the average, the volume of marrow aspirated is about 750 mL. We usually take a pint of the donor's blood in advance and reinfuse it during the procedure. As a procedure, it is not too formidable; in fact, I tease my surgical colleagues by saying that this is the one branch of transplantation where one can work without the complication of needing a surgeon. The marrow
Multivariate modulation and coding for wireless communication (1999)

This paper explores the improvement in information capacity and practical data rate that is possible with adaptive antenna technology applied to wireless-multipath communication channels. Whereas the conventional view is that multipath-signal propagation is an impediment to reliable communication, this paper shows that multipath can actually multiply the achievable data rate for wireless channels provided that the appropriate communication structure is employed. Multivariate discrete multitone (MDMT) combined with multivariate trellis-coded modulation (MTCM) is proposed and analyzed as a practical means of realizing a multiplicative-rate advantage in the case where channel-state information is not available at the transmitter. In Rayleigh fading, these new techniques are shown to simultaneously achieve a multiplicative data-rate advantage and lower error rate as compared to conventional coded orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing. Optimal minimum mean square error (MMSE), adaptive MDMT channel-estimation techniques are derived. The effects of channel-estimation error on MTCM are analyzed.
Nucleophilic reactions of some nucleoside phosphorothioates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic reactions of some nucleoside phosphorothioatesStanislav Chladek and Joseph NagyvaryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6, 2079–2085Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00761a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00761a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Argon Laser Vascular Welding: The Thermal Component</title> (1987)

Various mechanisms have been proposed for laser induced vascular welding. The conflict is partly due to the different laser parameters being used, different techniques, and the possible dual thermal and photochemical effects of lasers on tissues. This study examines the thermal aspects of welding medium diameter (4-8 mm) blood vessels. Six canine arteriovenous (A-V) fistulas were created by argon laser vessel fusion. Thermal images were concurrently recorded with a AGA thermal camera and computer analyzed. The welding was done at an energy fluence of 1100 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, using continuous saline irrigation for cooling. The thermal profiles revealed a maximum temperature of 48° C. In previous experiments, welding of microvessels has been achieved with CO<sub>2</sub> , Na:YAG and argon lasers. In our experience, welding of medium diameter arteriotomies and A-V fistulas was possible only with argon lasers. The thermal component induced by different laser wavelengths may be partly accountable for these observed differences in welding properties. Further studies are required to delineate the role of photochemical and thermal reactions in vascular tissue fusion by lasers.
Main Structural and Stereochemical Aspects of the Antiherpetic Activity of Nonahydroxyterphenoyl‐Containing C‐Glycosidic Ellagitannins (2004)

Antiherpetic evaluation of five nonahydroxyterphenoyl-containing C-glycosidic ellagitannins, castalagin (1), vescalagin (2), grandinin (3), roburin B (5), and roburin D (7), was performed in cultured cells against four HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains, two of which were resistant to Acyclovir. All five ellagitannins displayed significant anti-HSV activities against the Acyclovir-resistant mutants, but the monomeric structures 1-3 were more active than the dimers 5 and 7. Vescalagin (2) stands out among the five congeners tested as the most potent and selective inhibitor, with an IC50 value in the subfemtomolar range and a selectivity index 5x10(5) times higher than that of Acyclovir. Molecular modeling was used to provide a rationale for the surprisingly lower activity profile of its epimer castalagin (1). These ellagitannins have promising potential as novel inhibitors in the search for non-nucleoside drugs active against Acyclovir-resistant herpes viruses.
70.2: Invited Paper : Holographic Laser Projection Technology (2008)

Abstract Light Blue Optics' holographic laser projection technology exploits the physical process of two‐dimensional diffraction to form video images. Such a method of image projection and display has long been desired, but was never previously realised, due to computational complexity and the poor quality of the resultant images. LBO's approach represents an entirely new approach to hologram generation and display, matched to human visual perceptive factors, which overcomes both of these problems enabling — for the first time — a high quality, real‐time holographic projector.
A Child of the Mist (2004)

Lady Caroline Lamb was born Caroline Ponsonby on a cold and foggy Sunday the thirteenth of November, 1785. Her mother Harriet's labor had been blessedly free of complications, and her grandmother Lady Spencer wrote that the baby was "a lovely little girl—who seems very lively & in perfect health."1 "Lively" would turn out to be quite an understatement. Caroline would grow up to become a "little volcano," as Byron put it,2 whose antics, affairs, and eccentric novels astonished, enraged, and finally exhausted her family and friends. This little girl who rested comfortably on her mother's breast, had been blessed with charisma intelligence, and a sharp wit, but also an unrelenting character that would lead her incessantly into harm's way.KeywordsSilver PlateGuardian AngelAnxious CareGambling DebtBaby TalkThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Effects of Trp64Arg Mutation in the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene on Weight Loss, Body Fat Distribution, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients (1997)

These present findings show that the Trp64Arg allele of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene may predict difficulty in losing body weight, lowering WHR, and improving glycemic control and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Azidothymidine triphosphate is an inhibitor of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase gamma (1989)

The reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was purified from the virus to near homogeneity. The enzyme was shown to possess both RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA-synthesizing activity. Activated DNA as a heteropolymeric substrate was used as efficiently as was the homopolymeric substrate poly(rA)-oligo(dT). The Michaelis-Menten constants were determined for each of the four nucleotides needed to elongate a natural template primer. Azidothymidine triphosphate, a well-known inhibitor of the enzyme, inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to dTTP and noncompetitively with respect to the other nucleotides. Azidothymidine triphosphate acted as an efficient inhibitor of cellular DNA polymerase gamma, whereas other enzymes of eucaryotic DNA metabolism, namely, DNA polymerase alpha-primase and DNA polymerase beta, were not inhibited. This finding may explain why some acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients suffer side effects during azidothymidine therapy.
Randomized Prospective Comparison of Forced Air Warming Using Hospital Blankets versus Commercial Blankets in Surgical Patients (2002)

Standard hospital blankets heated to 38 degrees C forced air were equally as effective as commercial blankets heated with forced air at 43 degrees C. However, based on concerns expressed by the manufacturer, this experimental technique should not be used until further safety evaluation has been undertaken.
Studies on a pedigree of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A caused by RET proto-oncogene C634R mutation with G691S, R982C polymorphisms with review of literature (2013)

Objective 　To analyze the clinical characteristics and mutation of RET proto-oncogene in a pedigree with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Methods 　The clinical data of a proband and other 10 family members were collected, the genomic DNA of their peripheral blood were extracted, the overall exons of RET proto-oncogene were amplified by PCR , and the PCR products were then purified and direct DNA sequence analysis was performed. Results 　Different clinical features were found in three of the family members. Three missense mutations, C634R and G691S in exon 11 and R982C in exon 18, were detected in RET proto-oncogene. The three of family members had shown MEN2A related signs, and no such mutations were detected in the other family members. Conclusions 　Genetic screening set the diagnosis of MEN2A at the gene level, and help analyze the family members at risk. Patients in this case may show typical clinical manifestations of MEN2A, which indicates that C634R mutation combined with G691S and R982C polymorphisms lead to the increase of downstream signal activation of the RET protein as the single C634R mutation along does.
Cytokines and Cell Surface Markers in Prediction of Cardiac Allograft Rejection (1996)

Endomyocardial biopsy is generally used to quantify heart allograft rejection and guide immunotherapy. Biopsy, however, is invasive, costly, and risky. Since rejection requires lymphocyte activation, the purpose of this study was to assess alternative methods to evaluate rejection dynamics by investigating serum levels of cytokines and cell surface markers after heart transplantation. Interleukin-2-receptor bearing CD4+T (IL-2R/CD4) cell levels were higher in the peripheral blood of human transplant recipients with rejection grade 2 (p < 0.02). HLA-DR/CD3 levels were somewhat higher in rejection grade 2. There was no correlation between biopsy scores and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), IL-2, or percentage of T cell, NK cell, B cell, CD4+T cell, CD8+T cell, HLA-DR/CD4, HLA-DR/CD8, IL-2R/CD3, IL-2R/CD8. Interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta) was not detectable in all of the samples. The current studies suggest that monitoring lymphocyte IL-2R/CD4 and HLA-DR/CD3 levels is useful in predicting cardiac transplant rejection.
Superfluidity, superconductivity and magnetism in mesoscopics (1998)

The nature of superfluid, superconducting, and magnetic ordering is elucidated for mesoscopic systems in which the single-particle level spacing is much larger than both the temperature and the critical temperature of ordering. Ordering is defined as a spontaneous violation of symmetry, the gauge invariance and time reversal being by definition symmetries violated in superfluidity (superconductivity) and magnetism contexts, respectively. Superfluidity and superconductivity are realized in thermodynamic equilibrium states with a non-integral average number of particles and are accompanied by the spontaneous violation of time homogeneity. In Fermi systems two types of superfluidity and superconductivity are possible which are characterized by the presence of pair or single-particle 'condensates'. The latter is remarkable in that spontaneous violation of fundamental symmetries such as spatial 2? rotation and double time reversal takes place. Possible experiments on metallic nanoparticles and ultracold atomic gases in magnetic traps are discussed.
Dolphins and Diabetes: Applying One Health for Breakthrough Discoveries (2014)

EDITORIAL article Front. Endocrinol., 22 December 2014Sec. Clinical Diabetes https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2014.00227
CHRONIC CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY (1994)

Department of Anatomy University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Pathology University of Basel Basel, Switzerland 2 Department of Anatomy, University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W3. Address correspondence to Dr. Thliveris. 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta. 4 Department of Pathology, University of Basel.
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni alters Th1/Th2 cytokine responses to a non-parasite antigen (1992)

Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function. In the present study, we examined whether infection with S. mansoni would also influence the character of immune responses to a non-parasite Ag, sperm whale myoglobin (SwMb). When spleen cells (SC) from schistosome-infected SwMb-immunized animals were stimulated with SwMb, their production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma per CD4+ cell was found to be significantly reduced (by 45% and 59%, respectively) compared with the responses observed in immunized uninfected animals. Moreover, SwMb-induced secretion of IL-4 per CD4+ cell was increased threefold in SC cultures from infected mice. No myoglobin-induced IL-5 was detected in the same cultures. Addition to SC cultures of a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-10 partly restored the suppressed IFN-gamma response to SwMb seen in infected mice, suggesting a role for IL-10 in the observed down-regulation. S. mansoni-infected mice also showed an impaired antibody response to SwMb, with levels ranging from 10% to 27% of those observed in uninfected mice, although no differences in IgG isotype were evident. Taken together, these results suggest that infection with S. mansoni induces a down-regulation of Th1 responses and elevation of Th2 responses to unrelated foreign immunogens as well as to parasite Ag themselves. One implication of these findings is that helminth-infected individuals may have altered cell-mediated immune function to other microbial agents.