gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L-Arginine Stimulation of Human Sperm Motility in vitro (1975)

Human semen specimens with low motility were incubated with L-arginmne to determine its effect on sperm motility. Stimulation of forward motility over control values occurred in a dose response relationship, with optimal activity occurring at an L-arginine concentration of 0.004 Al. L-arginine increased the forward motility of sperm at either 23 or 37#{176}C in all samples tested. The increase in forward motility over control values was 81.6 9.96 percent SEM (n=12). The percent stimulation of sperm motility was in general inversely related to the initial semen motility. The physiologically inactive isomer D-arginine. the amino acid L-lysine and the arginine analogs L-homoarginine and L-nitroargmnmne did not stimulate sperm motility. L-ornithine, an arginine metabolite, was also ineffective in stimulating sperm motility. The observation that L-arginine enhances sperm motility in vitro suggests that it may have clinical value when human semen with subnormal motility is utilized for artificial insemination.
Coordinate Regulation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase by Light and CO2 during C4 Photosynthesis (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the phosphorylation and activation states of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and to investigate how the phosphorylation states of PEPCK and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) are coordinated in response to light intensity and CO(2) concentration during photosynthesis in leaves of the C(4) plant Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). There was a linear, reciprocal relationship between the phosphorylation state of PEPCK and its activation state, determined in a selective assay that distinguishes phosphorylated from nonphosphorylated forms of the enzyme. At high photon flux density and high CO(2) (750 microL L(-1)), PEPC was maximally phosphorylated and PEPCK maximally dephosphorylated within 1 h of illumination. The phosphorylation state of both enzymes did not saturate until high light intensities (about 1,400 micromol quanta m(-2) s(-1)) were reached. After illumination at lower light intensities and CO(2) concentrations, the overall change in phosphorylation state was smaller and it took longer for the change in phosphorylation state to occur. Phosphorylation states of PEPC and PEPCK showed a strikingly similar, but inverse, pattern in relation to changes in light and CO(2). The protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, promoted the phosphorylation of both enzymes. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, blocked dark phosphorylation of PEPCK. The data show that PEPC and PEPCK phosphorylation states are closely coordinated in vivo, despite being located in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, respectively.
A Small Molecule Ubiquitination Inhibitor Blocks NF-κB-dependent Cytokine Expression in Cells and Rats (2002)

A small molecule inhibitor of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokine expression was discovered that blocked tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced IkappaB(alpha) degradation in MM6 cells but not the degradation of beta-catenin in Jurkat cells. Ro106-9920 blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent expression of TNFalpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 in fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IC(50) values below 1 microm. Ro106-9920 also blocked TNFalpha production in a dose-dependent manner following oral administration in two acute models of inflammation (air pouch and LPS challenge). Ro106-9920 was observed to inhibit an ubiquitination activity that does not require betaTRCP but associates with IkappaB(alpha) and will ubiquitinate IkappaB(alpha) S32E,S36E (IkappaB(alpha)(ee)) specifically at lysine 21 or 22. Ro106-9920 was identified in a cell-free system as a time-dependent inhibitor of IkappaB(alpha)(ee) ubiquitination with an IC(50) value of 2.3 +/- 0.09 microm. The ubiquitin E3 ligase activity is inhibited by cysteine-alkylating reagents, supported by E2UBCH7, and requires cIAP2 or a cIAP2-associated protein for activity. These activities are inconsistent with what has been reported for SCF(betaTRCP), the putative E3 for IkappaB(alpha) ubiquitination. Ro106-9920 was observed to be selective for IkappaB(alpha)(ee) ubiquitination over the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), E2UBCH7, nonspecific ubiquitination of cellular proteins, and 97 other molecular targets. We propose that Ro106-9920 selectively inhibits an uncharacterized but essential ubiquitination activity associated with LPS- and TNFalpha-induced IkappaB(alpha) degradation and NF-kappaB activation.
Phase I trial of a 90-minute infusion of the fusion toxin DAB486IL-2 in hematological cancers. (1993)

DAB486IL-2, a recombinant fusion toxin in which the native receptor binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced with interleukin-2 (IL-2), has displayed significant activity in patients with chemotherapy refractory hematological cancers. To further investigate the safety and antitumor effect of this agent, we conducted a single arm, dose escalation study of a 90-min infusion of DAB486IL-2 daily for 5 days. Patients with cancers of a histology previously reported to express the p55 component of the IL-2 receptor and who could not receive potentially more effective therapy were eligible for enrollment. Fifteen men and 8 women with a median age of 49 years were given a total of 51 courses of DAB486IL-2. The maximum tolerated dose was 0.3 mg/kg/day defined by renal insufficiency associated with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia. The clearance of DAB486IL-2 from serum fit a one-compartment model with a half-life of 11.5 +/- 4.3 (SD) min at the 0.2-mg/kg dose. Two patients sustained a partial response and 4 patients had tumor reduction not qualifying for an objective response. No tumors that were negative for expression of the p55 subunit of the receptor responded to DAB486IL-2 treatment. Reduction in size occurred in 2 tumors in which p55 expression was unknown and 4 patients with tumors that were known to be p55 positive. Dosing determined by specific activity rather than mass also appeared to be an important determinant of response. This study suggests that the presence of p55 expression on tumor cells is necessary, but alone may not be sufficient to achieve a tumor response. The correlation of additional variables such as specific activity of DAB486IL-2 and tumor expression of the p75 subunit of the IL-2 receptor and receptor function will also require further study.
Some Interesting Things about Polysiloxanes (2004)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) [-Si(CH3)(2)O-] is by far the most studied of the polysiloxanes and is known to exhibit some intriguing physical properties, in particular very high permeability to gases. Simulations are underway in an attempt to understand some of these peculiarities. In addition, other symmetrically substituted polysiloxanes exhibit mesophases that are not understood at all. In the case of cross-linked polysiloxanes, there have been many important developments, including (i) elastomers undergoing strain-induced crystallization through control of chain stiffness or stereochemical structure, (ii) model elastomers (including dangling-chain networks), (iii) possible thermoplastic elastomers, (iv) bimodal network chain-length distributions, and (v) cross linking in solution. Interesting elastomeric composites include those with (i) in-situ-generated ceramiclike particles, (ii) ellipsoidal fillers, (iii) claylike-layered fillers, (iv) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particles, (v) porous fillers, (vi) controlled particle-elastomer interfaces, and (vii) elastomeric domains generated within ceramic phases. Also of interest are some new techniques that have been used to characterize polysiloxane networks.
PDZ domain-binding motif of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein is essential for the interleukin 2 independent growth induction of a T-cell line (2005)

Our results suggest that Tax1, through interaction with PDZ domain protein(s) induces IL-2-independent growth, which may be a factor in multi-step leukemogenesis caused by HTLV-1.
Dual role of ALCAM in neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier homeostasis (2017)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a cell adhesion molecule found on blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (BBB-ECs) that was previously shown to be involved in leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium. In the present study, we found that ALCAM knockout (KO) mice developed a more severe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)<sub>3</sub><sub>5-55</sub>-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The exacerbated disease was associated with a significant increase in the number of CNS-infiltrating proinflammatory leukocytes compared with WT controls. Passive EAE transfer experiments suggested that the pathophysiology observed in active EAE was linked to the absence of ALCAM on BBB-ECs. In addition, phenotypic characterization of unimmunized ALCAM KO mice revealed a reduced expression of BBB junctional proteins. Further in vivo, in vitro, and molecular analysis confirmed that ALCAM is associated with tight junction molecule assembly at the BBB, explaining the increased permeability of CNS blood vessels in ALCAM KO animals. Collectively, our data point to a biologically important function of ALCAM in maintaining BBB integrity.
Peptide Mediated siRNA Delivery (2009)

Applying RNA interference to silence a specific gene has opened a new and promising avenue of gene therapy. But a key bottleneck is the poor stability and inability of naked siRNA to translocate through cell membranes. Among several delivery systems, cationic peptides capable of penetrating cell membranes have drawn attention due to their structural and functional versatility, potential biocompatibility and ability to target cells. In this review, different classes of peptides employed in siRNA delivery are reviewed. In particular, a new class of siRNA delivery peptides with high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity is introduced. Keywords: RNAi, siRNA, peptide, gene therapy, delivery systems
Case report: rapid and complete control of idiopathic hypereosinophilia with imatinib mesylate. (2001)

In this case report, we report what we believe to be the first case of imatinib mesylate or STI-571 (Novartis) use for treatment of idiopathic hypereosinophilia syndrome (HES). HES is often a fatal illness, damaging the heart, nervous system, lungs, liver, and kidneys. It is often treated with interferon-alpha. In this patient, it was combined with hydroxyurea, and we believe it saved his life. However, he experienced many common side effects, such as a profound intractable headache, severe fatigue, and concentration difficulties. After years on hydroxyurea and interferon-alpha, the severity of these side effects motivated us to try a trial of imatinib mesylate. Its use was followed by an abrupt remission of HES in a few weeks, with no significant side effects.
Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in voided urine samples from patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. (2001)

Where urinary MMP-1 is detectable, the patient is more likely to have a bladder tumor of advanced stage or grade and may be at increased risk of disease progression and death of bladder cancer. The relationship between urinary TIMP-1, muscle-invasion, and disease progression in bladder cancer is at variance with its role as an inhibitor of MMPs and warrants additional evaluation.
Warpage Modeling and Characterization to Simulate the Fabrication Process of Wafer-Level Adhesive Bonding (2007)

Since the array of wafer-level packages formed by bonding of a cap wafer to a substrate wafer, how to well encapsulate the intricate sensor devices in wafer-level is the critical issue in the development of image sensor products. This paper presents an analytical model for design and fabrication of wafer-level adhesive bonding. A novel mechanical approach is proposed, which considers each layer in bonded wafer as a beam-type plate with effective material properties. Based on this mathematical modeling, the wafer warpage under thermal loading is predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. It is shown that our newly developed wafer warpage modeling offers simple and precise evaluation of wafer-level adhesive bonding process.
Protein Splicing Triggered by a Small Molecule (2002)

The use of small molecules that turn specific proteins on or off provides a level of temporal control that is difficult to achieve using standard genetic approaches. Consequently, the development of small-molecule switches of protein function is a very active area of chemical biology, sometimes referred to as chemical genetics. Most studies in this area rely on the identification of small molecules that bind directly to the active site of a target protein, thereby acting as agonists or antagonists of function. Strategies have also been described in which the small molecule triggers a change in the secondary, tertiary, or ternary structure of the protein, in so doing changing the functional state of the molecule. Another approach to this problem would be to alter the primary structure of a target protein in response to a small-molecule trigger; a dramatic change in primary sequence would be directly coupled to function. In principle, this can be achieved by harnessing protein splicing, a posttranslational editing process that results in the precise removal of an internal domain (termed an intein) from two flanking sequences termed the N- and C-exteins. In this communication we introduce a technique that allows protein splicing to occur only in the presence of the small molecule, rapamycin. This approach is expected to be independent of the nature of the two exteins and so should provide a general vehicle for controlling protein function using small molecules.
On-Chip Interconnection Architecture of the Tile Processor (2007)

IMesh, the tile processor architecture's on-chip interconnection network, connects the multicore processor's tiles with five 2D mesh networks, each specialized for a different use. taking advantage of the five networks, the C-based ILIB interconnection library efficiently maps program communication across the on-chip interconnect. the tile processor's first implementation, the tile64, contains 64 cores and can execute 192 billion 32-bit operations per second at 1 Ghz.
3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has selective thyromimetic effects in vivo and in vitro (1997)

Recent data have suggested that the iodothyronine, 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (T2), has selective thyromimetic activity. In vivo, T2 has been shown to suppress TSH levels at doses that do not produce significant peripheral manifestations of thyroid hormone activity. Furthermore, T2 has been shown to produce smaller increments in peripheral indices of thyroid status than does T3, when doses resulting in equivalent suppression of circulating TSH are compared. We have assessed the selective thyromimetic activity of T2 in vivo and in vitro, and performed in vitro studies to assess the potential molecular basis for these selective properties. T2 was 100-fold less potent than T3 in stimulating GH mRNA levels in GH3 cells. In contrast, the iodothyronines were almost equivalent in their ability to downregulate TRbeta2 mRNA levels in this cell line. Both 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine and thyronine exhibited no significant thyromimetic effects on either process. In vivo, doses of T2 and T3 that were equivalent in their induction of hepatic malic enzyme (ME) mRNA did not produce equivalent suppression of circulating TSH, with T2 being only 27% as effective as T3. T2 was up to 500-fold less potent than T3 in displacing [125I]-T3 from in vitro translated specific nuclear receptors (TRs) and GH3 cell nuclear extracts. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, assessing the ability of T2 to produce dissociation of TRbeta1 homodimers from inverted palindrome T3 response elements, indicated that T2 was also 1000-fold less potent than T3 in this respect. These data confirm that T2 has significant thyromimetic activity, and that this activity is selective both in vivo and in vitro. However, there are no data to support a selective central effect, T2 being relatively more potent in stimulating hepatic ME mRNA than in suppression of TSH in vivo. The basis for this differential thyromimetic activity is not selective affinity of the different TR isoforms for T2, or divergent properties of T2 in competitive binding and functional assays in vitro.
Analysis of Noise Spread in Optical DFT-S OFDM Systems (2012)

A discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S OFDM) scheme is attractive for its effective peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction. This paper presents another important issue about DFT-S OFDM, which is noise spread induced by the extra inverse discrete Fourier transform for DFT-S OFDM data recovery at the receiver. It would reduce the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and spread the noise over the whole DFT-S OFDM subband, make DFT-S OFDM being more sensitive to noise distribution, and weaken the improvement induced by PAPR reduction. The principle of DFT-S OFDM generation and theoretical analysis of the noise spread in DFT-S OFDM signal processing at the receiver is presented. 100 Gb/s multiband DFT-S OFDM simulation system and 2.5 Gb/s experiment have been demonstrated to prove that the DFT-S OFDM scheme has worse performance than the conventional OFDM scheme under the condition of low OSNR and bad channel estimation; hence, it is more sensitive to the OSNR in transmission channel and needs more accurate channel estimation.
Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Screening of Some Quinazoline and Quinazolyl‐4‐oxoquinazoline Derivatives (2002)

Synthesis of some new derivatives of 2-aryl-4-oxo-1-(4-quinazolyl)quinazolines is described. Methyl N-(4-quinazolyl)anthranilate was allowed to react with phenyl iso(thio)cyanate to give 3-phenyl-1-(4-quinazolyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2, 4-dioxo- and 4-oxo-2-thioxoquinazolines (3a and 3b respectively) Alternatively, anthranilic acid amide derivatives were subjected to cyclization with aromatic aldehydes to give 2-aryl-4-oxo-1-(4-quinazolyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinazolines 5. On the other hand, 2-chloro-4-(4-substituted 1-piperazinyl)quinazoline derivatives were subjected to the same type of reactions at the 2-position to afford the corresponding quinazoline derivatives 8 and 10 respectively. Furthermore, the acid amide 4b cyclized with acid chlorides to give the corresponding 2-aryl-1-(2-chloro-4-quinazolyl)-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinazolines 11 from which the triazoloquinazoline derivatives 13 and 15 were synthesized through the intermediate hydrazine derivatives 12. Most of the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antiinflammatory activities. However, some of the novel compounds were found to exhibit good antiinflammatory potencies.
Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator (1996)

Ying-Yang 1 protein (YY1) supports specific, unidirectional initiation of messenger RNA production by RNA polymerase II from two adjacent start sites in the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter, a process which is independent of the TATA box-binding protein (TBP). The 2.5-A resolution YY1-initiator element cocrystal structure reveals four zinc fingers recognizing a YY1-binding consensus sequence. Upstream of the transcription start sites protein-DNA contacts involve both strands and downstream they are virtually restricted to the template strand, permitting access to the active center of RNA polymerase II and ensuring specificity and directionality. The observed pattern of protein-DNA contacts also explains YY1 binding to a preformed transcription bubble, and YY1 binding to a DNA/RNA hybrid analog of the P5 promoter region containing a nascent RNA transcript. A model is proposed for YY1-directed, TBP-independent transcription initiation.
Effect of light chain V region duplication on IgG oligomerization and in vivo efficacy (1991)

A human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody oligomer was isolated from a transfected myeloma cell line that produced a monoclonal antibody to group B streptococci. Compared to the IgG1 monomer, the oligomer was significantly more effective at protecting neonatal rats from infection in vivo. The oligomer was also shown to cross the placenta and to be stable in neonatal rats. Immunochemical analysis and complementary DNA sequencing showed that the transfected cell line produced two distinct kappa light chains: a normal light chain (Ln) with a molecular mass of 25 kilodaltons and a 37-kilodalton species (L37), the domain composition of which was variable-variable-constant (V-V-C). Cotransfection of vectors encoding the heavy chain and L37 resulted in production of oligomeric IgG.
Factors associated with neonatal tetanus mortality in northern Nigeria. (1995)

Over a 12-month period, a cluster survey on Neonatal tetanus (NNT) mortality was conducted in Northern Nigeria. The relative contributions of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to certain epidemiological factors associated with NNT deaths were evaluated. NNT mortality was 20.6/1000 live-births (i.e. over 65% of neonatal mortality). Poor cord management showed the strongest association with NNT mortality with comparable contributions from KAP. Less than 40% of 2,623 live-births recorded during the survey followed two or more ante natal visits. This was significantly associated with NNT mortality with virtually equal contributions from KAP. Over 60% of the births had traditional surgeries performed with highly significant association with NNT mortality. Knowledge deficit was the most important contributor to performance of traditional procedures. Tetanus toxic coverage (32.0%) was also associated with NNT mortality with knowledge and attitudinal deficits accounting for over 75% of poor coverage. Most deliveries were outside hospitals and related facilities with highly significant association with NNT deaths. Attitude and practice contributed over 80% to this observation. In view of the associated epidemiological factors, and the relative roles of KAP, community--specific prevention strategies are suggested. Training and involvement of traditional birth attendants is emphasized. Domicilliary service are also suggested in view of the widely practised purdah system.
Modeling a microfluidic system using Knudsen’s empirical equation for flow in the transition regime (2001)

Knudsen’s model for gas flow in the transition regime is successfully applied to a micromachined flow path of varying cross-sectional area where the type of flow changes from the viscous to the molecular regime as the gas flows through the device. The gas flow model was originally developed to aid in the design of an integrated microflow controller [J. K. Robertson, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1996, and J. K. Robertson and K. D. Wise, Proc. IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 7 (1994)] and to diagnose problems encountered with the microvalves during testing of the device. The main flow channel was rectangular in shape ∼12.8 μm high, 400 μm wide and 2694 μm long. The model was fit to the data by adjusting a single parameter. The model successfully predicted the conductance of the channel for differential pressures greater than 500 Torr—where the gas entered the flow path in the viscous regime and exited in the molecular regime—and less than 11 Torr—where the gas entered the flow path in the transition regime and exited in the molecular regime. The model is computationally simple, can be easily set up on a spreadsheet, and should be useful for the rapid modeling of other micromachined flow paths.