gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CommonLoops: merging Lisp and object-oriented programming (1986)

CommonLoops blends object-oriented programming smoothly and tightly with the procedure-oriented design of Lisp. Functions and methods are combined in a more general abstraction. Message passing is invoked via normal Lisp function call. Methods are viewed as partial descriptions of procedures. Lisp data types are integrated with object classes. With these integrations, it is easy to incrementally move a program between the procedure and object-oriented styles. One of the most important properties of CommonLoops is its extensive use of meta-objects. We discuss three kinds of meta-objects: objects for classes, objects for methods, and objects for discriminators. We argue that these meta-objects make practical both efficient implementation and experimentation with new ideas for object-oriented programming. CommonLoops' small kernel is powerful enough to implement the major object-oriented systems in use today.
Development of semagacestat (LY450139), a functional γ-secretase inhibitor, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Semagacestat treatment lowers plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain A beta in a dose-dependent manner in animals and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid A beta in humans, compared with placebo-treated patients. On the basis of extant data, semagacestat seems to be well tolerated, with most adverse events related to its actions on inhibition of peripheral Notch cleavage. Thus far, clinical efficacy has not been detectable because of the short duration of the current trials. Phase III trials with 21 months of active treatment are currently underway.
Fast and Robust Multiframe Super Resolution (2004)

Super-resolution reconstruction produces one or a set of high-resolution images from a set of low-resolution images. In the last two decades, a variety of super-resolution methods have been proposed. These methods are usually very sensitive to their assumed model of data and noise, which limits their utility. This paper reviews some of these methods and addresses their short-comings. We propose an alternate approach using L1 norm minimization and robust regularization based on a bilateral prior to deal with different data and noise models. This computationally inexpensive method is robust to errors in motion and blur estimation and results in images with sharp edges. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate its superiority to other super-resolution methods.
Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica (2011)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord, in which autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel protein probably play a pathogenic role. Here we show that a B-cell subpopulation, exhibiting the CD19(int)CD27(high)CD38(high)CD180(-) phenotype, is selectively increased in the peripheral blood of NMO patients and that anti-AQP4 antibodies (AQP4-Abs) are mainly produced by these cells in the blood of these patients. These B cells showed the morphological as well as the phenotypical characteristics of plasmablasts (PB) and were further expanded during NMO relapse. We also demonstrate that interleukin 6 (IL-6), shown to be increased in NMO, enhanced the survival of PB as well as their AQP4-Ab secretion, whereas the blockade of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling by anti-IL-6R antibody reduced the survival of PB in vitro. These results indicate that the IL-6-dependent B-cell subpopulation is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO, thereby providing a therapeutic strategy for targeting IL-6R signaling.
Alterations in Mucus Barrier Function and Matrix Structure Induced by Guluronate Oligomers (2014)

The effect of guluronate oligomers on the barrier properties of mucous matrices was investigated in terms of the mobility of nanoparticles in mucous matrices by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), cellular uptake of nanoparticles in mucus secreting cells (HT29-MTX), and mucin matrix architecture by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Guluronate oligomers improved nanoparticle mobility in both native and highly purified mucus matrices and improved cellular uptake of nanoparticles through a mucus layer. Addition of guluronate oligomers to mucin matrices resulted in a decrease in the density of network cross-links and an increase in matrix pore size. Based on these data, we conclude that guluronate oligomers are able to improve nanoparticle mobility in several mucus matrices and alter network architecture in mucin matrices in a manner that suggests a reduction in barrier function. As such, there may be a potential application for guluronate oligomers in mucosal delivery of nanomedicines.
Oxidation of Carbon Nanotubes by SingletO2 (2003)

Chemisorption of singlet (1)Delta(g) O2 on single-walled carbon nanotubes is reexamined by first principles calculations, and the reaction barrier is substantially lower than previously reported when the spin on O2 is correctly treated. The process is initiated by the cycloaddition of a singlet O2 on top of a C-C bond and ended with an epoxy structure with each of the two oxygen atoms occupying a bridge position. The overall process is exothermic, with an activation barrier as low as 0.61 eV for the (8, 0) tube. Our results raise the possibility that carbon nanotubes with small diameters could be degraded after exposure to air and sunlight, similar to the degradation of natural rubber and synthetic plastics.
Antihypertensive effects of the new calcium antagonist benidipine hydrochloride in rats. (1988)

Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), DOCA-NaCl hypertensive rats (DHR) and normotensive rats (NTR), the antihypertensive action of (+/-)-(R*)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dic arb oxylic acid (R*)-1-benzyl-3-piperidinyl ester, methyl ester hydrochloride (benidipine hydrochloride, KW-3049) was comparatively evaluated with those of nicardipine and hydralazine. Administration of KW-3049 at 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.) showed dose-dependent antihypertensive action. This action appeared gradually and it lasted longer than those of nicardipine and hydralazine. The administration of KW-3049 at 0.5 mg/kg (p.o.) did not show any effect on the blood pressure of NTR, but a long-lasting blood pressure lowering action was observed by the administration at 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.). This antihypertensive action specific to the hypertensive animals was similar to that of nicardipine, however, it was different from that of hydralazine, with which the blood pressure in SHR, DHR and NTR was lowered in similar degrees. Also, administration of KW-3049 caused tachycardia concomitant with the fall of blood pressure, however, it was mild as compared with those of nicardipine and hydralazine. When KW-3049 at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg (p.o.) once a day was continuously administered to SHR for 31 days and changes of the antihypertensive action were observed, no tolerance developed and rebound hypertension following the discontinuation of medication did not occur. When the effect on the urinary volume and electrolyte excretion was evaluated in rats loaded with physiological saline solution, a natriuretic effect was observed by the administration of KW-3049 at 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/kg (p.o.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
YND1, a Homologue of GDA1, Encodes Membrane-bound Apyrase Required for Golgi N- andO-Glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

The gene for the open reading frame YER005w that is homologous to yeast Golgi GDPase encoded by the GDA1 gene was cloned and named YND1. It encodes a 630-amino acid protein that contains a single transmembrane region near the carboxyl terminus. The overexpression of the YND1 gene in the gda1 null mutant caused a significant increase in microsomal membrane-bound nucleoside phosphatase activity with a luminal orientation. The activity was equally high toward ADP/ATP, GDP/GTP, and UDP/UTP and approximately 50% less toward CDP/CTP and thiamine pyrophosphate, but there was no activity toward GMP, indicating that the Ynd1 protein belongs to the apyrase family. This substrate specificity is different from that of yeast GDPase, but similar to that of human Golgi UDPase. The Deltaynd1 mutant cells were defective in O- and N-linked glycosylation in the Golgi compartments. The overexpression of the YND1 gene complemented some glycosylation defects in Deltagda1 disruptants, suggesting a partially redundant function of yeast apyrase and GDPase. From these results and the phenotype of the Deltaynd1Deltagda1 double deletion showing a synthetic effect, we conclude that yeast apyrase is required for Golgi glycosylation and cell wall integrity, providing the first direct evidence for the in vivo function of intracellular apyrase in eukaryotic cells.
Protection from inactivation of the adenine nucleotide translocator during hypoglycaemia-induced apoptosis by mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (2003)

We demonstrated that mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) first suppressed the dissociation of cytochrome c (cyt c) from cardiolipin (CL) in mitochondrial inner membranes and then apoptosis caused by the hypoglycaemia by the prevention of peroxidation of CL [Nomura, Imai, Koumura, Arai and Nakagawa (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29294-29302; Nomura, Imai, Koumura, Kobayashi and Nakagawa (2000) Biochem. J. 351, 183-193]. The present study shows the involvement of peroxidation of CL in the inactivation of adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and the opening of permeability transition pores by using the system of ANT-reconstituted liposome and isolated mitochondria. ANT activity appeared in dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine proteoliposome containing 10% (mol/mol) CL or phosphatidylglycerol (PG), but not other classes of phospholipids. ANT activity was competitively inhibited by the addition of cardiolipin hydroperoxide (CLOOH) in reconstituted liposomes containing CL. However, phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide failed to inactivate the activity of ANT. The activity of ANT in reconstituted liposomes, including CLOOH, recovered when CLOOH in reconstituted liposome was reduced to hydroxycardiolipin by incubation with PHGPx. The activity of ANT was determined in rat basophil leukaemia RBL2H3 cells after their exposure to 2-deoxyglucose. ANT activity decreased to 50% of the control level by 4 h in response to apoptosis. In parallel, cyt c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were released from mitochondria. Suppression of the accumulation of CLOOH by overexpression of PHGPx in mitochondria effectively prevented the inactivation of ANT, the opening of permeability transition pores and the release of cyt c and AIF from mitochondria in hypoglycaemia-induced apoptotic cells. These findings suggest that mitochondrial PHGPx might be involved in the modulation of the activity of ANT and the opening of pores for the release of cyt c via the modulation of levels of CLOOH in the mitochondria.
Vapor-liquid equilibria of hydrogen chloride-sodium chloride-water solutions below 0.degree.C (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-liquid equilibria of hydrogen chloride-sodium chloride-water solutions below 0.degree.CEugene MillerCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1985, 30, 3, 296–301Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00041a018https://doi.org/10.1021/je00041a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Exploring multi-touch gestures for map interaction in mass casualty incidents (2011)

In mass casualty incidents a common operation picture, which gives an overview about the current situation is critical information for managing the emer- gency. In order to support the collaboration between different incident commanders a multi-touch table, placed in the incident command post, is used to present the current operation picture on a map. To place as little additional mental load as possible on the users, any interaction with this map interface should be natural and intuitive. There- fore we investigated in a user study several alternative multi-touch gestures, combined to five sets for the tasks of modifying the map view and selecting map objects in an emergency management scenario. The gesture sets contained widely known as well as new promising gestures.
Amino‐acid sequence of ribonuclease T2 from Aspergillus oryzae (1988)

The amino acid sequence of ribonuclease T2 (RNase T2) from Aspergillus oryzae has been determined. This has been achieved by analyzing peptides obtained by digestions with Achromobacter lyticus protease I, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and alpha-chymotrypsin of two large cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the reduced and S-carboxymethylated or S-aminoethylated protein. Digestion with A. lyticus protease I was successfully used to degrade the N-terminal half of the S-aminoethylated protein at cysteine residues. RNase T2 is a glycoprotein consisting of 239 amino acid residues with a relative molecular mass of 29,155. The sugar content is 7.9% (by mass). Three glycosylation sites were determined at Asns 15, 76 and 239. Apparently RNase T2 has a very low degree of sequence similarity with RNase T1, but a considerable similarity is observed around the amino acid residues involved in substrate recognition and binding in RNase T1. These similar residues may be important for the catalytic activity of RNase T2.
Inhibition of Posterior Capsule Opacification by 5-Fluorouracil in Rabbits (1990)

An extracapsular cataract extraction was performed on both eyes of 24 rabbits. Irrigation for 10 min of the capsular bag of the left (test) eye with 8-12 cm3 of 1 litre of BSS-plus to which had been added 50 mg of 5-fluorouracil significantly inhibited proliferation of the anterior capsular epithelium as compared with the right (control) eyes identically treated except for the omission of 5-fluorouracil (p less than 0.001). Corneal endothelial counts did not differ significantly. A reduction in opacification of the posterior capsule is expected from 5-fluorouracil treatment.
Hierarchical, adaptive cache consistency in a page server OODBMS (1998)

Due to its simplicity and communication efficiency, many client-server object-oriented database systems are based on the basic page server architecture-pages serve as their smallest unit of data transfer, client caching, and concurrency control. In an earlier paper, we showed how to extend this architecture to permit object-level callback locking, and we showed through simulations that significant performance gains can be expected. In the current paper, we report on our experiences from implementing this approach in the context of the SHORE system. Since SHORE supports multiple lock granularities (volume, file, page, object), we explain how our callback algorithm can be extended to support multigranularity locking. We also discuss some of the stickier issues that arose as we moved our algorithm out of the simulator and into SHORE, which supports a generalized peer-servers architecture. Finally, we present performance measurements that explore the tradeoffs between page-level and object-level concurrency control. Our measurements were obtained by running SHORE on an IBM SP2 shared-nothing parallel machine.
Flecainide acetate: concentration-response relationships for antiarrhythmic and electrocardiographic effects. (1993)

In order to evaluate the concentration-response relationship for either antiarrhythmic or electrocardiographic effects, 13 patients with symptomatic, stable, premature ventricular contractions (> 100/hour) were selected, and flecainide was administered as a single oral dose (200 mg) and as chronic treatment (150 mg b.i.d. for 21 days). In both settings a Holter monitoring, serial electrocardiogram (ECG) tracings and serum samples for flecainide concentrations were obtained; the relationships between drug levels, antiarrhythmic efficacy, and ECG modifications were analysed. The results obtained indicated that QRS and PR intervals lengthened significantly either after acute oral administration or after chronic treatment by 21-36% (mean values), and that the QRS interval changes were significantly correlated to serum flecainide concentrations (r = 0.68, p < 0.001 after acute and r = 0.79, p < 0.001 after chronic administration). However, for any given plasma concentration of flecainide, the percentage widening of QRS intervals was smaller after chronic treatment, as shown by the different slopes of the correlation lines (7.7 +/- 4.0% ml.micrograms -1 after acute dosing versus 3.8 +/- 1.1% ml.micrograms -1 after chronic treatment, p < 0.001). This finding suggests a relative reduction of flecainide's effects on ECG intervals during chronic treatment, while the antiarrhythmic efficacy was maintained (flecainide effective in 8/13 patients in acute and in 11/13 patients in chronic) without significant differences between flecainide's minimal effective concentrations (262 +/- 119 ng/ml and 319 +/- 276 ng/ml for acute vs chronic respectively). We conclude that during chronic treatment a dissociation seems to occur between the electrocardiographic and the antiarrhythmic effects and this could limit the clinical usefulness of monitoring QRS intervals.
Mortality outcomes in pediatric rheumatology in the US (2010)

Our findings indicate that the overall mortality rate for pediatric rheumatic diseases was not increased. Even for the diseases and conditions associated with increased mortality, mortality rates were significantly lower than those reported in previous studies.
GPR124 Functions as a WNT7-Specific Coactivator of Canonical β-Catenin Signaling (2014)

G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) is an orphan receptor in the adhesion family of GPCRs, and previous global or endothelial-specific disruption of Gpr124 in mice led to defective CNS angiogenesis and blood-brain barriergenesis. Similar developmental defects were observed following dual deletion of Wnt7a/Wnt7b or deletion of β-catenin in endothelial cells, suggesting a possible relationship between GPR124 and canonical WNT signaling. Here, we show using in vitro reporter assays, mutation analysis, and genetic interaction studies in vivo that GPR124 functions as a WNT7A/WNT7B-specific costimulator of β-catenin signaling in brain endothelium. WNT7-stimulated β-catenin signaling was dependent upon GPR124's intracellular PDZ binding motif and a set of leucine-rich repeats in its extracellular domain. This study reveals a vital role for GPR124 in potentiation of WNT7-induced canonical β-catenin signaling with important implications for understanding and manipulating CNS-specific angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier-genesis.
Quantitation of Hepatitis B Virus Genomic DNA by Real-Time Detection PCR (1999)

Quantitation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum is a useful method for the monitoring of HBV replication. We attempted to develop a quantitative assay system for HBV DNA that is more sensitive, accurate, and reproducible than existing systems. We detected HBV DNA by real-time detection PCR (RTD-PCR) based on Taq Man chemistry. The efficacy of this assay was evaluated by quantitatively measuring sequential levels of synthetic DNA and DNA in clinical serum samples. The detection limit of this system was as few as 10 DNA copies/reaction. A linear standard curve was obtained between 10(1) and 10(8) DNA copies/reaction. The coefficient of variation for both intra- and interexperimental variability indicated remarkable reproducibility. This system detected HBV DNA in 100% of chronic hepatitis B patients tested and never detected HBV DNA in healthy volunteers who were negative for HBV markers. These observations suggest that RTD-PCR is an excellent candidate for a standard HBV quantification method.
The effect of moisture on the photon-enhanced negative bias thermal instability in Ga–In–Zn–O thin film transistors (2009)

We investigated the impact of photon irradiation on the stability of gallium-indium-zinc oxide (GIZO) thin film transistors. The application of light on the negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) accelerated the negative displacement of the threshold voltage (Vth). This phenomenon can be attributed to the trapping of the photon-induced carriers into the gate dielectric/channel interface or the gate dielectric bulk. Interestingly, the negative Vth shift under photon-enhanced NBTS condition worsened in relatively humid environments. It is suggested that moisture is a significant parameter that induces the degradation of bias-stressed GIZO transistors.
Formulation of medicines for children (2005)

The development of age-adapted dosage forms and taste-masking of bitter-tasting drugs administered orally for children, are formidable challenges for formulation scientists. Childhood is a period of maturation requiring knowledge of developmental pharmacology to establish dose but the ability of the child to manage different dosage forms and devices also changes. Paediatric formulations must allow accurate administration of the dose to children of widely varying age and weight. Whilst the oral route will be preferred for long term use and the intravenous route for the acutely ill, many of the dosage forms designed for adults, such as oro-dispersible tablets, buccal gels and transdermal patches, would also benefit children if they contained an appropriate paediatric dose. The age at which children can swallow conventional tablets is of great importance for their safety. Liquid medicines are usually recommended for infants and younger children so the ability to mask unpleasant taste with sweeteners and flavours is crucial. More sophisticated formulations such as granules and oro-dispersible tablets may be required but there will be limitations on choice and concentration of excipients. There are many gaps in our knowledge about paediatric formulations and many challenges for the industry if suitable preparations are to be available for all ranges. A CHMP points to consider document is soon to be released. More research and clinical feedback are important because a formulation with poor acceptability may affect compliance, prescribing practice and ultimately commercial viability.
Cell Migration: Integrating Signals from Front to Back (2003)

Cell migration is a highly integrated multistep process that orchestrates embryonic morphogenesis; contributes to tissue repair and regeneration; and drives disease progression in cancer, mental retardation, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. The migrating cell is highly polarized with complex regulatory pathways that spatially and temporally integrate its component processes. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the major steps of migration and the signaling pathways that regulate them, and outlines recent advances investigating the nature of polarity in migrating cells and the pathways that establish it.