gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepcidin in β‐thalassemia (2010)

Iron overload is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in beta-thalassemia with or without transfusion dependence. Iron homeostasis is regulated by the hepatic peptide hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin controls dietary iron absorption, plasma iron concentrations, and tissue iron distribution. A deficiency in this hormone is the main or contributing factor of iron overload in iron-loading anemias such as beta-thalassemia. Hepcidin deficiency results from a strong suppressive effect of the high erythropoietic activity on hepcidin expression. Although in thalassemia major patients iron absorption contributes less to the total iron load than transfusions, in non-transfused thalassemia, low hepcidin, and the consequent hyperabsorption of dietary iron is the major cause of systemic iron overload. Hepcidin diagnostics and future therapeutic agonists may help in management of patients with beta-thalassemia.
Modification of the potent peptide FK888 with unusual aminoacids: effects on activity on neurokinin receptors. (1996)

We report on the synthesis and the pharmacological properties of a new series of tachykinin antagonists based on the peptide N2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-1-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) carbonyl]-L-prolyl]-N-methyl-N-(phe-nylmethyl)-3-(2-naphthyl)-L-al aninamide (FK888) modified on the (2-naphthyl)-L-alanine and the [(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)carbonyl] moieties. The compounds were tested on guinea pig ileum for NK-1, rat colon for NK-2 and rat portal vein for NK-3 receptors. The two most potent peptides of this series, 1b and 2b, were selective for the NK-2 receptor (pA2 = 7.5 and 7.3, respectively).
Cure of Xenografted Human Carcinomas by BR96-Doxorubicin Immunoconjugates (1993)

Immunoconjugates (BR96-DOX) were prepared between chimeric monoclonal antibody BR96 and the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The monoclonal antibody binds an antigen related to Lewis Y that is abundantly expressed at the surface of cells from many human carcinomas; it has a high degree of tumor selectivity and is internalized after binding. BR96-DOX induced complete regressions and cures of xenografted human lung, breast, and colon carcinomas growing subcutaneously in athymic mice and cured 70 percent of mice bearing extensive metastases of a human lung carcinoma. Also, BR96-DOX cured 94 percent of athymic rats with subcutaneous human lung carcinoma, even though the rats, like humans and in contrast to mice, expressed the BR96 target antigen in normal tissues.
Whose Life is it Anyway (2006)

The article explores the complex ethical, legal, and societal dimensions of the right-to-die debate, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach that moves beyond simplistic moral framing. It argues that the debate is inherently exploratory and tentative, shaped by cultural and personal values, and calls for a reassessment of existing perspectives to foster creative solutions. The central thesis underscores the inevitability of euthanasia as a societal issue and advocates for balanced policies that respect individual autonomy while addressing broader societal concerns.
Enhancer Complexes Located Downstream of Both Human Immunoglobulin Cα Genes (1997)

To investigate regulation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain expression, we have cloned DNA downstream from the two human Calpha genes, corresponding to the position in the mouse IgH cluster of a locus control region (LCR) that includes an enhancer which regulates isotype switching. Within 25 kb downstream of both the human immunoglobulin Calpha1 and Calpha2 genes we identified several segments of DNA which display B lymphoid-specific DNase I hypersensitivity as well as enhancer activity in transient transfections. The corresponding sequences downstream from each of the two human Calpha genes are nearly identical to each other. These enhancers are also homologous to three regions which lie in similar positions downstream from the murine Calpha gene and form the murine LCR. The strongest enhancers in both mouse and human have been designated HS12. Within a 135-bp core homology region, the human HS12 enhancers are approximately 90% identical to the murine homolog and include several motifs previously demonstrated to be important for function of the murine enhancer; additional segments of high sequence conservation suggest the possibility of previously unrecognized functional motifs. On the other hand, certain functional elements in the murine enhancer, including a B cell-specific activator protein site, do not appear to be conserved in human HS12. The human homologs of the murine enhancers designated HS3 and HS4 show lower overall sequence conservation, but for at least two of the functional motifs in the murine HS4 (a kappaB site and an octamer motif ) the human HS4 homologs are exactly conserved. An additional hypersensitivity site between human HS3 and HS12 in each human locus displays no enhancer activity on its own, but includes a region of high sequence conservation with mouse, suggesting the possibility of another novel functional element.
Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASICs): New Targets for the Analgesic Effects of Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) (2004)

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are major drugs used in the treatment of inflammation and pain in a wide variety of disorders. NSAIDs constitute a diverse group of chemicals, categorized according to their chemical structures that share the same therapeutic properties. Among the main compounds are aspirin and salicylate, diclofenac and flurbiprofen. The best-known mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis secondary to their action on cyclooxygenases (COXs). However, data have been accumulating through the years indicating that NSAIDs also act on other targets to counteract pain. Their analgesic effects are not necessarily the consequence of their anti-inflammatory action. Administration of NSAIDs reduces cutaneous and corneal pain induced by acidic pH in the absence of inflammation. Tissue acidosis, which is a dominant factor in inflammation, tumors and ischemia, has an important contribution in pain and hyperalgesia. This is due to direct excitation of the nociceptive sensory neurons by protons-gated depolarizing currents. Actually, these neurons bear a major category of ion channels that are sensitive to extracellular pH changes, the acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ASIC channels are able to induce action potential triggering on sensory neurons after a moderate extracellular pH decrease. They undergo transcriptional induction and post-translational regulation during inflammation and thus participate in the hypersensitization of the nociceptive system in this physiopathological condition. One specific ASIC isoform is also thought to mediate cardiac ischemic pain. COX-independent direct inhibition of their activity by different NSAIDs has been shown to occur at therapeutic doses of these compounds, on native ASIC currents on sensory neurons, as well as on ASIC channels expressed in heterologous systems. Moreover, NSAIDs also prevent the large inflammation-induced increase of their expression. These two effects are thus proposed to play an important role in the analgesic effects of NSAIDs in addition to their well-known action through COXs, and particularly in case of inflammation.
High-sensitivity hardware trojan detection using multimodal characterization (2013)

Vulnerability of modern integrated circuits (ICs) to hardware Trojans has been increasing considerably due to the globalization of semiconductor design and fabrication processes. The large number of parts and decreased controllability and observability to complex ICs internals make it difficult to efficiently perform Trojan detection using typical structural tests like path latency and leakage power. In this paper, we present new accurate methods for Trojan detection that are based upon post-silicon multimodal thermal and power characterization techniques. Our approach first estimates the detailed post-silicon spatial power consumption using thermal maps of the IC, then applies 2DPCA to extract features of the spatial power consumption, and finally uses statistical tests against the features of authentic ICs to detect the Trojan. To characterize real-world ICs accurately, we perform our experiments in presence of 20% - 40% CMOS process variation. Our results reveal that our new methodology can detect Trojans with 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller power consumptions than the total power usage of the chip, while it scales very well because of the spatial view to the ICs internals by the thermal mapping.
Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel Spinal Sealant (DuraSeal Spinal Sealant) as an Adjunct to Sutured Dural Repair in the Spine (2011)

The PEG hydrogel spinal sealant evaluated in this study is safe and effective for providing watertight closure when used as an adjunct to sutured dural repair during spinal surgery. This readily available tool is superior to other standard of care technologies commonly used to achieve intraoperative watertight dural closure.
Segmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (2008)

We report on a new method for segmenting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) images of the human retina. Contrary to previous segmentation algorithms that were based on variations of backscattered intensity between individual layers, our method uses an intrinsic tissue property of the RPE: its depolarizing, or polarization scrambling effect on backscattered light. By using a state of the art spectral domain PS-OCT instrument, we demonstrate the method in healthy eyes and in eyes of patients with age related macular degeneration.
The Distributed Vehicle Monitoring Testbed: A Tool for Investigating Distributed Problem Solving Networks (1983)

Cooperative distributed problem solving networks are distributed networks of semi-autonomous processing nodes that work together to solve a single problem. The Distributed Vehicle Monitoring Testbed is a flexible and fully-instrumented research tool for empirically evaluating alternative designs for these networks. The testbed simulates a class of a distributed knowledge-based problem solving systems operating on an abstracted version of a vehicle monitoring task. There are two important aspects to the testbed: (1.) it implements a novel generic architecture for distributed problems solving networks that exploits the use of sophisticated local node control and meta-level control to improve global coherence in network problem solving; (2.) it serves as an example of how a testbed can be engineered to permit the empirical exploration of design issues in knowledge AI systems. The testbed is capable of simulating different degrees of sophistication in problem solving knowledge and focus-of attention mechanisms, for varying the distribution and characteristics of error in its (simulated) input data, and for measuring the progress of problem solving. Node configuration and communication channel characteristics can also be independently varied in the simulated network.
Gene expression profile in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: identifying pathways relevant to disease (2003)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases develop in individuals carrying a complex susceptibility trait, probably following exposure to various environmental triggers. Owing to the presumed weak influence of single genes on disease predisposition and the recognized genetic heterogeneity of autoimmune disorders in humans, candidate gene searches in MS have been difficult. In an attempt to identify molecular markers indicative of disease status rather than susceptibility genes for MS, we show that gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by cDNA microarrays can distinguish MS patients from healthy controls. Our findings support the concept that the activation of autoreactive T cells is of primary importance for this complex organ-specific disorder and prompt further investigations on gene expression in peripheral blood cells aimed at characterizing disease phenotypes.
Interference of transcriptional activation by the antineoplastic drug ecteinascidin-743 (2000)

Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743) is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata currently under phase II clinical trials for its potent anticancer activity. ET-743 binds DNA in the minor groove and forms covalent adducts with some sequence specificity. It selectively inhibits in vitro binding of the CCAAT box factor NF-Y. In this study, we assayed ET-743 function in vivo on the HSP70 promoter. On heat induction, the drug blocks transcription rapidly at pharmacological concentrations and in a CCAAT-dependent manner, whereas the activity of the CCAAT-less simian virus 40 promoter is not affected. The effect is exerted at the mRNA level. The distamycin-like alkylating tallimustine is inactive in these assays. Binding of NF-Y and of the heat-shock factor is normal in ET-743-treated cells. Run-on analysis of several endogenous genes further proves that the drug has rapid, profound, and selective negative effects on transcription. Thus, this marine-derived compound is a promoter-specific, transcription-interfering agent.
Growth, luminescence, respiration, and the ATP pool during autoinduction in Beneckea harveyi (1978)

The bacterial bioluminescence system is unusual because it is self-induced. In the late logarithmic phase of growth, upon the accumulation of an autoinducer, the synthesis of the components of the system is initiated. We were interested in determining what effect this burst of synthesis and activity has on cellular energy metabolism. The ATP pool of the luminous bacterium Beneckea harveyi was found to dip 10- to 20-fold during the luminescence period, while the respiration per unit cell mass (optical density) increased but by much less. The dip in the ATP pool did not occur in four different types of dark mutants, including one that was temperature conditional and another that was conditional upon added cyclic AMP for luminescence. However, it is neither the synthesis nor the activity of luciferase that is responsible for the ATP dip; the dip does not occur in certain dark "aldehyde" mutants which nevertheless synthesize normal levels of luciferase, whereas it does occur at 36 degrees C in a temperature-sensitive luciferase mutant which forms normal levels of inactive luciferase. Results with other aldehyde mutants implicate the pathway involved in the synthesis of the aldehyde factor with the ATP dip.
Pipeline processor for fast architecture oriented regular DCT-IDCT algorithm (2002)

New architecture oriented regular algorithms are proposed for the discrete cosine transform (DCT), used in DSP problems, with a simple data shuffling pattern similar to the Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm. One can easily extend many of parallel FFT approaches for these algorithms. The only pipeline structure with logN-1 arithmetic units and transform time of order O(N) is considered. It is simpler than the known pipeline structures.
Inhibition of chemotaxis by S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine in a mouse macrophage cell line. (1982)

Chemotaxis by a macrophage cell line, RAW264, is specifically inhibited by the intracellular accumulation of 3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine (3-deaza-AdoHcy). Intracellular accumulation of 3-deaza-AdoHcy is the result of incubation of the cells with 3-deazaadenosine, a compound that can function both as a substrate and as an inhibitor of adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase. Accumulation of AdoHcy per se, brought about in chemotactic cell lines by incubation with either 3-deazaadenosine or with 3-deazaaristeromycin, does not affect chemotaxis. The specific role of 3-deazaadenosine as an inhibitor of macrophage cell line chemotaxis is supported by the following findings. Another macrophage cell line, RAW309CR, is resistant to the inhibition of chemotaxis by 3-deazaadenosine, and the resistance can be ascribed to the failure to accumulate 3-deaza-AdoHcy in this cell line. It is noteworthy that both RAW264 and RAW309CR accumulate similar amounts of AdoHcy after incubation with 3-deazaadenosine. The difference in the accumulation of 3-deaza-AdoHcy in RAW264 and RAW309CR is explained by the finding that sonicates of RAW264 rapidly form 3-deaza-AdoHcy but sonicates of RAW309CR do not. Both hydrolysis of AdoHcy and the inhibition of the hydrolysis of AdoHcy by 3-deazaadenosine are the same in sonicates of the two macrophage cell lines.
DCT precoded SLM technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems (2010)

High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is still a most important challenge in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this paper, we propose a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) precoding based SLM technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems. This technique is based on precoding the constellation symbols with DCT precoder after the multiplication of phase rotation factor and before the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) in SLM-OFDM System. Simulation results show that our proposed technique can reduce the PAPR to about 5.5dB for N=64 and V=16 at clipping probability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Generation of Hot Spots with Silver Nanocubes for Single‐Molecule Detection by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (2011)

Getting hotter: Hot spots that enable detection of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from a single molecule can form at the nanocube–substrate interface by simply depositing a silver nanocube onto a metal substrate (see picture). This new approach offers great simplicity for the formation of robust and fully accessible hot spots, thus providing an effective platform for ultrasensitive detection. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sheathless Hydrophoretic Particle Focusing in a Microchannel with Exponentially Increasing Obstacle Arrays (2008)

We present a novel microfluidic device with exponentially increasing obstacle arrays to enable sheathless particle focusing. The anisotropic fluidic resistance of slant obstacles generates transverse flows, along which particles are focused to one sidewall. In the successive channel with exponentially increasing widths, bent obstacles extended from the slant obstacles increase the focusing efficiency of the particles. With the device, we achieved the focusing efficiency of 76%, 94%, and 98% for 6, 10, and 15 microm beads, respectively. The focusing efficiency of the particles can be further improved in the devices with more extension steps. In addition, using the microfluidic devices with the symmetric structure of the slant and bent obstacles, we achieved complete focusing of biological cells to the centerline of a channel within 1.7% coefficient of variation. The results demonstrated the sheathless hydrophoretic focusing of microparticles and cells with the advantages of a sheathless method, passive operation, single channel, and flow rate independence.
Novel products generated from 2'-deoxyguanosine by hypochlorous acid or a myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl- system: identification of diimino-imidazole and amino-imidazolone nucleosides (2002)

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by myeloperoxidase from H2O2 and Cl-, plays an important role in host defense and inflammatory tissue injury. We report here the identification of products generated from 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) with HOCl. When 1 mM dGuo and 1 mM HOCl were reacted at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for 15 min and the reaction was terminated with N-acetylcysteine (N-AcCys), two products were generated in addition to 8-chloro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-Cl-dGuo). One was identified as an amino-imidazolone nucleoside (dIz), a previously reported product of dGuo with other oxidation systems. The other was identified as a novel diimino-imidazole nucleoside, 2,5-diimino-4-[(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)amino]-2H,5H-imidazole (dDiz) by spectrometric measurements. The yields were 1.4% dDiz, 0.6% dIz and 2.4% 8-Cl-dGuo, with 61.5% unreacted dGuo. Precursors of dDiz and dIz containing a chlorine atom were found in the reaction solution in the absence of termination by N-AcCys. dDiz, dIz and 8-Cl-dGuo were also formed from the reaction of dGuo with myeloperoxidase in the presence of H2O2 and Cl- under mildly acidic conditions. These results imply that dDiz and dIz are generated from dGuo via chlorination by electrophilic attack of HOCl and subsequent dechlorination by N-AcCys. These products may play a role in cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects of HOCl.
Synthesis of polycarbonate urethane elastomers and effects of the chemical structures on their thermal, mechanical and biocompatibility properties (2016)

In this study, to obtain biomedical polyurethane elastomers with good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, a series of polycarbonate urethanes were synthesized via a two-step solution of polymerization method using the poly(1,6-hexanediol)carbonate diols (PCDL) as the soft segment, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the hard segment with dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst. In this article, we illustrated the physical behaviors were obviously influenced by synthetic routes. And their chemical and physical structures were investigated by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectrography (FT-IR) and mechanical properties tests. The surface wettability were studied by contact angle measurement (CA). As a kind of short-term implant biomaterial, the results of the hemolysis and platelet adhesive tests were recorded by spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating the materials have a great potential for developments and applications in biomedical field.
Role of CD11/CD18 in adhesion and transendothelial migration of T cells. Analysis utilizing CD18-deficient T cell clones (1991)

The role of leukocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) in T cell-endothelial cell (EC) interactions was assessed by utilizing CD11a/CD18-deficient T cell clones generated from a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). The ability of these clones to bind to and migrate through monolayers of EC in vitro was compared with that of clones generated in a similar manner from normal controls. The LAD clones bound to EC to a similar extent as the controls. The contribution of other cell surface adhesion molecules was assessed with mAb blocking experiments. It was found that part of the EC binding by these CD11a/CD18-deficient clones was mediated by an interaction of very late Ag-4 (VLA-4) with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the EC. In contrast to their normal ability to bind to EC, the capacity of the LAD clones to migrate through EC monolayers was significantly less than that of the control clones. This impairment in migration was not related to decreased intrinsic motility. Moreover, neither phorbol ester stimulation of the LAD clones nor IL-1 stimulation of the EC increased the capacity of the clones to migrate through EC monolayers, although binding to EC was augmented by both treatments. Only a minimal percentage of the migration of either control or LAD clones was inhibited by mAb to VLA-4 or VCAM-1. These data demonstrate that LFA-1 plays a central role in the transendothelial migration of T cells. In the absence of LFA-1, T cells retain the ability to bind to EC because of the activity of other receptor/ligand pairs, including VLA-4/VCAM-1. Finally, it is likely that, during both binding and transendothelial migration of T cells, additional cell surface molecules play a role.