gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopically crumpled indium-tin-oxide thin films as compliant electrodes with tunable transmittance (2015)

Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films are perceived to be stiff and brittle. This letter reports that crumpled ITO thin films on adhesive poly-acrylate dielectric elastomer can make compliant electrodes, sustaining compression of up to 25% × 25% equi-biaxial strain and unfolding. Its optical transmittance reduces with crumpling, but restored with unfolding. A dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) using the 14.2% × 14.2% initially crumpled ITO thin-film electrodes is electrically activated to produce a 37% areal strain. Such electric unfolding turns the translucent DEA to be transparent, with transmittance increased from 39.14% to 52.08%. This transmittance tunability promises to make a low-cost smart privacy window.
EYEWATCHME&#x2014;3D Hand and object tracking for inside out activity analysis (2009)

This paper investigates the “inside-out” recognition of everyday manipulation tasks using a gaze-directed camera, which is a camera that actively directs at the visual attention focus of the person wearing the camera. We present EYEWATCHME, an integrated vision and state estimation system that at the same time tracks the positions and the poses of the acting hands, the pose that the manipulated object, and the pose of the observing camera. Taken together, EYEWATCHME provides comprehensive data for learning predictive models of vision-guided manipulation that include the objects people are attending, the interaction of attention and reaching/grasping, and the segmentation of reaching and grasping using visual attention as evidence. Key technical contributions of this paper include an ego view hand tracking system that estimates 27 DOF hand poses. The hand tracking system is capable of detecting hands and estimating their poses despite substantial self-occlusion caused by the hand and occlusions caused by the manipulated object. EYEWATCHME can also cope with blurred images that are caused by rapid eye movements. The second key contribution is the of the integrated activity recognition system that simultaneously tracks the attention of the person, the hand poses, and the poses of the manipulated objects in terms of a global scene coordinates. We demonstrate the operation of EYEWATCHME in the context of kitchen tasks including filling a cup with water.
Sharp Reduction of Contact Resistivities by Effective Schottky Barrier Lowering With Silicides as Diffusion Sources (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An extremely low contact resistivity of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{6} {-} \hbox{7} \times \hbox{10}^{-9}\ \Omega\cdot\hbox{cm}^{2}$</tex></formula> between <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{Ni}_{0.9}\hbox{Pt}_{0.1}\hbox{Si}$</tex></formula> and heavily doped Si is achieved through Schottky barrier engineering by dopant segregation. In this scheme, the implantation of B or As is performed into silicide followed by a low-temperature drive-in anneal. Reduction of effective Schottky barrier height is manifested in the elimination of nonlinearities in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$IV$</tex></formula> characteristics. </para>
Western blot mapping of disease-specific amyloid in various animal species and humans with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies using a high-yield purification method (1995)

SAF-protein, an amyloid, is the main constituent of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF) and a specific marker for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Using an improved extraction method and Western blot detection, the disease-specific amyloid was found in various parts of the central nervous system of hamsters orally infected with scrapie, of squirrel monkeys orally infected with kuru, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and scrapie, of human patients with sporadic CJD, of a sheep with natural scrapie and of a cow with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). In human CJD samples, the concentration of TSE-specific amyloid was estimated to be 1000- to 10 000-fold lower than in the central nervous system of hamsters with scrapie. The extraction method has a yield of 70% and allows Western blot detection of the TSE-specific amyloid in samples representing 1-10 micrograms of brain tissue from intracerebrally infected hamsters, as well as in individual spleens from hamsters with terminal scrapie infected by the intracerebral, oral or intraperitoneal route. A 20-100 mg sample of material is sufficient for the extraction of the pathological protein from different rodent, monkey, ovine, bovine and human tissues. The results reported here demonstrate the potential suitability of the method for the routine diagnosis of TSE as well as for the detailed analysis of distribution patterns of the TSE-specific amyloid in experimental approaches to the investigation of these diseases.
Novel integration process and performances analysis of Low STandby Power (LSTP) 3D multi-channel CMOSFET (MCFET) on SOI with metal / high-K gate stack (2008)

For the first time, ultra low I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> (16.5 pA/mum) and high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> N,P (2.27 mA/mum and 1.32 mA/mum) currents are obtained with a multi-channel CMOSFET (MCFET) architecture on SOI with a metal/high-K gate stack. This leads to the best I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratios ever reported: 1.4 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> (0.8 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) for 50 nm n- (p-) MCFETs. We show, based on specifically developed integration process, characterization methods and analytical modeling, how those performances are obtained thanks to specific 3D MCFET features, in particular, transport properties, saturation regime and electrostatic behavior.
Learning in Artificial Neural Networks: A Statistical Perspective (1989)

The premise of this article is that learning procedures used to train artificial neural networks are inherently statistical techniques. It follows that statistical theory can provide considerable insight into the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of different network learning methods. We review concepts and analytical results from the literatures of mathematical statistics, econometrics, systems identification, and optimization theory relevant to the analysis of learning in artificial neural networks. Because of the considerable variety of available learning procedures and necessary limitations of space, we cannot provide a comprehensive treatment. Our focus is primarily on learning procedures for feedforward networks. However, many of the concepts and issues arising in this framework are also quite broadly relevant to other network learning paradigms. In addition to providing useful insights, the material reviewed here suggests some potentially useful new training methods for artificial neural networks.
Effect of fluoride on caries progression and dentin apposition in rats fed on a cariogenic or non‐cariogenic diet (1993)

The effect of fluoride in drinking water on the progression of dentinal caries and dentin apposition was studied in Wistar rats. The initiation of enamel caries lesions was first induced for 2 wk with S. sobrinus and a 43% sucrose diet after weaning. Thereafter the animals were fed on either a cariogenic or a non-cariogenic diet and distilled water supplemented with 0, 1, 7 or 19 ppm fluoride. The areas of dentinal caries and dentin apposition were quantified after tetracycline staining. Fluoride reduced dentinal caries progression after the initiation of lesions in the presence of a cariogenic diet at a concentration of 19 ppm F, and without sucrose at 1 ppm F. The effect of fluoride in reducing dentin apposition with a cariogenic diet was dose-dependent, whereas fluoride in non-cariogenic groups had practically no effect on dentin formation. These results suggest that fluoride together with a high concentration of sucrose in the diet might have an odontoblast-mediated effect on the regulation of the progression of dentinal caries.
ECTO-NOX Target for the Anticancer Isoflavene Phenoxodiol (2006)

Phenoxodiol, a synthetic isoflavene with clinical efficacy in the management of ovarian and other forms of human cancer, blocked the activity of a cancer-specific and growth-related cell surface ECTO-NOX protein with both oxidative (hydroquinone) and protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity designated tNOX. Purified recombinant tNOX bound phenoxodiol with high affinity (Kd of 50 nM). The tNOX protein appeared to be both necessary and sufficient for the cancer-specific cytotoxicity of phenoxodiol. Growth inhibition of fibroblasts from embryos of mice expressing a tNOX transgene, but not from wild-type mice, was inhibited by phenoxodiol followed by apoptosis. Both the oxidative and protein disulfide-thiol interchange activities that alternate to generate the complex set of oscillations with a period length of 22 min (24 min for the constitutive counterpart CNOX) that characterize ECTO-NOX proteins respond to phenoxodiol. Oxidation of NADH or reduced coenzyme Q10 was rapidly blocked by phenoxodiol. In contrast, the protein disulfidethiol interchange activity measured either by the restoration of activity to scrambled and inactive RNase or from the cleavage of dithiodipyridine (EC50 of 50 nM) was inhibited progressively over an interval of 60 min that spanned three cycles of activity. Inhibition of the latter paralleled the inhibition of cell enlargement and the consequent inability of inhibited cells to initiate traverse of the cell cycle. Activities of constitutive ECTO-NOX (CNOX) forms of either cancer or noncancer cells were unaffected by phenoxodiol to help explain how the cytotoxic effects of phenoxodiol may be restricted to cancer cells.
SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins—extended, integrating SCOP and ASTRAL data and classification of new structures (2013)

Structural Classification of Proteins-extended (SCOPe, http://scop.berkeley.edu) is a database of protein structural relationships that extends the SCOP database. SCOP is a manually curated ordering of domains from the majority of proteins of known structure in a hierarchy according to structural and evolutionary relationships. Development of the SCOP 1.x series concluded with SCOP 1.75. The ASTRAL compendium provides several databases and tools to aid in the analysis of the protein structures classified in SCOP, particularly through the use of their sequences. SCOPe extends version 1.75 of the SCOP database, using automated curation methods to classify many structures released since SCOP 1.75. We have rigorously benchmarked our automated methods to ensure that they are as accurate as manual curation, though there are many proteins to which our methods cannot be applied. SCOPe is also partially manually curated to correct some errors in SCOP. SCOPe aims to be backward compatible with SCOP, providing the same parseable files and a history of changes between all stable SCOP and SCOPe releases. SCOPe also incorporates and updates the ASTRAL database. The latest release of SCOPe, 2.03, contains 59 514 Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries, increasing the number of structures classified in SCOP by 55% and including more than 65% of the protein structures in the PDB.
Zinc (II) and the single-stranded DNA binding protein of bacteriophage T4. (1987)

The DNA binding domain of the gene 32 protein of the bacteriophage T4 contains a single "zinc-finger" sequence. The gene 32 protein is an extensively studied member of a class of proteins that bind relatively nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA. We have sequenced and characterized mutations in gene 32 whose defective proteins are activated by increasing the Zn(II) concentration in the growth medium. Our results identify a role for the gene 32 protein in activation of T4 late transcription. Several eukaryotic proteins with zinc fingers participate in activation of transcription, and the gene 32 protein of T4 should provide a simple, well-characterized system in which genetics can be utilized to study the role of a zinc finger in nucleic acid binding and gene expression.
Mechanical Aspiration of Hematomas in an in Vitro Model (1989)

Abstract A modified Nucleotome (Surgical Dynamics, San Leandro, California) was used to aspirate blood clot in an in vitro model of intracerebral hematoma. This machine was successful in removing the clot at a reasonably rapid rate. It aspirates normal rat brain far more slowly. It therefore shows promise for being effective and safe in removing intracerebral hematomas in humans.
Lipid peptide nanocomplexes for gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging in the brain (2012)

Gadolinium-labelled nanocomplexes offer prospects for the development of real-time, non-invasive imaging strategies to visualise the location of gene delivery by MRI. In this study, targeted nanoparticle formulations were prepared comprising a cationic liposome (L) containing a Gd-chelated lipid at 10, 15 and 20% by weight of total lipid, a receptor-targeted, DNA-binding peptide (P) and plasmid DNA (D), which electrostatically self-assembled into LPD nanocomplexes. The LPD formulation containing the liposome with 15% Gd-chelated lipid displayed optimal peptide-targeted, transfection efficiency. MRI conspicuity peaked at 4h after incubation of the nanocomplexes with cells, suggesting enhancement by cellular uptake and trafficking. This was supported by time course confocal microscopy analysis of transfections with fluorescently-labelled LPD nanocomplexes. Gd-LPD nanocomplexes delivered to rat brains by convection-enhanced delivery were visible by MRI at 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after administration. Histological brain sections analysed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) confirmed that the MRI signal was associated with the distribution of Gd(3+) moieties and differentiated MRI signals due to haemorrhage. The transfected brain cells near the injection site appeared to be mostly microglial. This study shows the potential of Gd-LPD nanocomplexes for simultaneous delivery of contrast agents and genes for real-time monitoring of gene therapy in the brain.
A Novel C5a Receptor-Tissue Factor Cross-Talk in Neutrophils Links Innate Immunity to Coagulation Pathways (2006)

Neutrophils and complement are key sentinels of innate immunity and mediators of acute inflammation. Recent studies have suggested that inflammatory processes modulate thrombogenic pathways. To date, the potential cross-talk between innate immunity and thrombosis and the precise molecular pathway by which complement and neutrophils trigger the coagulation process have remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that antiphospholipid Ab-induced complement activation and downstream signaling via C5a receptors in neutrophils leads to the induction of tissue factor (TF), a key initiating component of the blood coagulation cascade. TF expression by neutrophils was associated with an enhanced procoagulant activity, as verified by a modified prothrombin time assay inhibited by anti-TF mAb. Inhibition studies using the complement inhibitor compstatin revealed that complement activation is triggered by antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) IgG and leads to the induction of a TF-dependent coagulant activity. Blockade studies using a selective C5a receptor antagonist and stimulation of neutrophils with recombinant human C5a demonstrated that C5a, and its receptor C5aR, mediate the expression of TF in neutrophils and thereby significantly enhance the procoagulant activity of neutrophils exposed to APS serum. These results identify a novel cross-talk between the complement and coagulation cascades that can potentially be exploited therapeutically in the treatment of APS and other complement-associated thrombotic diseases.
Concurrent Algorithms and Data Structures for Many-Core Processors (2011)

The convergence of highly parallel many-core graphics processors with conventional multi-core processorsis becoming a reality.To allow algorithms and data structures to scale efficiently on these new platforms,several important factors needs to be considered.(i) The algorithmic design needs to utilize the inherent parallelism of the problem at hand.Sorting, which is one of the classic computing components in computer science, has a high degree of inherent parallelism.In this thesis we present the first efficient design of Quicksort for graphics processors and show thatit performs well in comparison with other available sorting methods.(ii) The work needs to be distributed efficiently across the available processing units.We present an evaluation of a set ofdynamic load balancing schemes for graphics processors, comparing blocking methods with non-blocking.(iii) The required synchronization needs to be efficient, composable and easy to use.We present a methodology to easily compose the two mostcommon operations provided by a data structure -- the insertion and deletion of elements. By exploiting a common construction found inmost non-blocking data structures, we created a move operation thatcan atomically move elements between different types of non-blocking data structures, without requiring a specific design for each coupling.We also present, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of software transactional memory to graphics processors. Two different STM designs, one blocking and one obstruction-free, were evaluated on the task of implementing different types of common concurrent data structures on a graphics processor.
Production of plant sesquiterpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effect of ERG9 repression on sesquiterpene biosynthesis (2007)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen as a microbial host for heterologous biosynthesis of three different plant sesquiterpenes, namely valencene, cubebol, and patchoulol. The volatility and low solubility of the sesquiterpenes were major practical problems for quantification of the excreted sesquiterpenes. In situ separation of sesquiterpenes in a two-phase fermentation using dodecane as the secondary phase was therefore performed in order to enable quantitative evaluation of different strains. In order to enhance the availability of the precursor for synthesis of sesquiterpenes, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), the ERG9 gene which is responsible for conversion of FPP to squalene was downregulated by replacing the native ERG9 promoter with the regulatable MET3 promoter combined with addition of 2 mM methionine to the medium. This strategy led to a reduced ergosterol content of the cells and accumulation of FPP derived compounds like target sesquiterpenes and farnesol. Adjustment of the methionine level during fermentations prevented relieving MET3 promoter repression and resulted in further improved sesquiterpene production. Thus, the final titer of patchoulol and farnesol in the ERG9 downregulated strain reached 16.9 and 20.2 mg/L, respectively. The results obtained in this study revealed the great potential of yeast as a cell factory for production of sesquiterpenes.
Free-space Beam Steering in Two Dimensions Using a Silicon Optical Phased Array (2012)

We report an independently tuned 16-channel optical phased array fabricated in silicon for 2D free-space beam steering. The phased array was composed of silicon-on-insulator waveguide surface gratings integrated with thermo-optic phase tuners and was operated both using a control algorithm together with automated real-time far field image analysis to target and shape the beam, and using a lookup table without real-time feedback. The device exhibited 1.6° ⨉ 0.6° beam width and 10 dB background suppression in the far field across a 20° ⨉ 14° field of view. We show that by increasing the waveguide width from 1 μm to 3 μm we can suppress the side- lobe peaks by a factor of 2.
Natural ferric ionophores: total synthesis of schizokinen, schizokinen A, and arthrobactin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural ferric ionophores: total synthesis of schizokinen, schizokinen A, and arthrobactinByung Hyun Lee and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1, 24–31Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00149a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00149a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1170Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Survey of software and hardware VLC architectures</title> (1994)

In implementation of hybrid compression algorithms, the Huffman or Modified Huffman codec can consume a significant portion of silicon real-estate or CPU cycles. To reduce this cost, several schemes have been published that take advantage of one or more inherent properties of the variable length code tables. This paper examines some of these properties and their corresponding architectural components which can be pieced together to form custom hybrids suited to specific applications. Hardware architectural classifications include: serial and parallel Trees, Content Addressable Memory, Programmable Logic Arrays, and parallel comparators schemes that resemble flash A/D architectures. Assessment criteria include: bit rate vs. symbolic rate performance, clock cycle ratios, latencies, pre-buffering and post- buffering, codebook and source channel statistical dependencies, encoder and decoder circuitry sharing, pre-processing of codebooks, critical path, register use in software, breakdown between memory and logical operators, custom vs. standard cells, and code word order. Finally, the performance and size of current industrial implementations for specific application (JPEG, MPEG) are summarized.
Threshold and saturation effects for photosignals in an amorphous silicon waveguide structure (1991)

We report on a novel photosignal effect when laser light enters an amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) core waveguide and an external voltage is applied. Above a threshold voltage, the electric field separates the photocarriers in the a-Si:H layer so that the voltage across it is reduced. For larger voltages or high light intensities, this screening effect saturates. Analysis of the results yields electron and hole drift mobilities of 0.6 and 0.2 cm2/V s), respectively.