gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Synovial Tissues and at the Cartilage–Pannus Junction in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (1991)

Using immunoaffinity-purified polyclonal anti-human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) F(ab')2 fragments and immunohistochemical techniques, the cells that make TNF alpha were localized in the inflamed synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Anti-TNF alpha antibody-stained cells were demonstrated in 9 of 11 RA and 2 of 4 OA but none of 5 normal synovial membranes examined. In RA, 26-64% of the lining layer cells were positive for TNF alpha. In the interaggregate area, 10-30% of the cells contained TNF alpha, often in a perivascular distribution, and up to 19% of the cells in lymphoid aggregates stained for TNF alpha. Some endothelial cells also stained with these antibodies. In OA tissues, the TNF alpha-containing cells were found predominantly in the deeper layer. Cells containing TNF alpha were also found at the cartilage-pannus junction in all 4 RA specimens examined. Double immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that most TNF alpha-secreting cells in the RA synovial membrane expressed the monocyte/macrophage marker antigens CD11b and CD14, and a few expressed the T cell marker CD3. Our findings provide histologic evidence that TNF alpha is locally produced in the lining and deeper layers of the synovium by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, supporting its role in inflammation. Further, our findings demonstrate that TNF alpha is produced by cells at the cartilage-pannus junction, which could affect chondrocyte metabolism, leading to the cartilage degradation in RA.
Development of an Automatic Detector of Cracks in Concrete Using Machine Learning (2017)

This study is to develop a detector that automatically detects cracks from the photographs of concrete structures, using convolution neural network which is a kind of deep learning. Firstly, photographs of concrete were collected for the learning data. Secondly, pictures of cracked part, chalk letter part, joint part, surface part and others part were produced from these photographs for the dataset. Thirdly, classifier to classify into these 5 class from pictures was created using the dataset and convolution neural network. Finally, the automatic detector was produced using this classifier.
Novel DNA Binding Domain-Based Assays For Detection of Methylated And Nonmethylated DNA (2011)

Methylation of cytosine in the context of CpG dinucleotides is an epigenetic phenomenon in eukaryotes that plays important roles in genome function and transcription regulation. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation is an important feature of several human diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. These discoveries have opened a new field of new therapies and diagnostics. During recent years, there has been a revolution in DNA methylation analysis technologies. This article focuses on methods with which to study DNA methylation that employ protein domains that specifically recognize either 5-methyl-cytosine in the CpG context or nonmethylated DNA, and methods developed for the detection of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the recently described epigenetic mark known as the sixth base of the epigenome.
Cellular hematopoiesis in the twentieth century. (1999)

From work particularly In the last two decades of the century, the cell populations forming blood cells can now be purified and cultured clonally so that blood cell formation can be analyzed in vitro. A large number of specific regulators of this process have been identified and mass-produced in recombinant form. Three of these, erythropoletin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are in extensive clinical use to stimulate hematopoiesis. Similar advances have characterized the processes by which T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells are formed and interact to mediate immune responses. In the last decade most research on blood cell formation has involved the generation of animals with inactivation of specific genes involved in hematopolesis. Major unsolved problems are the molecular control of differentiation commitment and maturation in hematopoietic cells, processes that need to be better understood to allow improvements in the management of leukemia and other disorders of hematopoiesis.
Cooperative Interaction between GATA-4 and GATA-6 Regulates Myocardial Gene Expression (1999)

Two members of the GATA family of transcription factors, GATA-4 and GATA-6, are expressed in the developing and postnatal myocardium and are equally potent transactivators of several cardiac promoters. However, several in vitro and in vivo lines of evidence suggest distinct roles for the two factors in the heart. Since identification of the endogenous downstream targets of GATA factors would greatly help to elucidate their exact functions, we have developed an adenovirus-mediated antisense strategy to specifically inhibit GATA-4 and GATA-6 protein production in postnatal cardiomyocytes. Expression of several endogenous cardiac genes was significantly down-regulated in cells lacking GATA-4 or GATA-6, indicating that these factors are required for the maintenance of the cardiac genetic program. Interestingly, transcription of some genes like the alpha- and beta-myosin heavy-chain (alpha- and beta-MHC) genes was preferentially regulated by GATA-4 due, in part, to higher affinity of GATA-4 for their promoter GATA element. However, transcription of several other genes, including the atrial natriuretic factor and B-type natriuretic peptide (ANF and BNP) genes, was similarly down-regulated in cardiomyocytes lacking one or both GATA factors, suggesting that GATA-4 and GATA-6 could act through the same transcriptional pathway. Consistent with this, GATA-4 and GATA-6 were found to colocalize in postnatal cardiomyocytes and to interact functionally and physically to provide cooperative activation of the ANF and BNP promoters. The results identify for the first time bona fide in vivo targets for GATA-4 and GATA-6 in the myocardium. The data also show that GATA factors act in concert to regulate distinct subsets of genes, suggesting that combinatorial interactions among GATA factors may differentially control various cellular processes.
Detection of the local interstellar cloud from high‐resolution spectroscopy of nearby stars: Inferences on the heliospheric interface (1993)

High‐resolution spectroscopic observations of the local interstellar medium between the Sun and nearby stars have been recorded with the Aurelie spectrometer of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (France). They have been used to identify and characterize the local interstellar cloud (LIC) in which the Sun is embedded. The “Doppler triangulation” shows that the local cloud flows toward λ = 74.9°; β = −7.8° at a velocity of 25.7 ± 1.0 kms −1 with respect to the Sun. This is strongly confirmed by Hubble space telescope (HST) UV measurements toward the star Capella. Furthermore, the recent detection of interstellar neutral helium inside the heliosphere, found to flow at 26.0 ± 1.0 kms −1 with the Ulysses Neutral Gas Experiment, brings a definitive proof of this identification. The common interval for the local cloud temperature from these three different types of measurements is 7000 ± 200 K. As a consequence of the LIC velocity determination, the interstellar neutral hydrogen found to flow at 20 kms −1 through the solar system is shown to be decelerated by 6 kms −1 and slightly heated up to 8000 K due to coupling with the plasma at the heliospheric interface. Further high‐resolution spectroscopic observations with the HST‐Goddard high‐resolution spectrometer (provided the short wavelength part can be repaired) should supply the local interstellar electronic density. These informations are of crucial importance with respect to the understanding of the heliospheric cavity.
The Making of a Medical Entomologist (2009)

This article describes the childhood of Mike Service, his very early interest in insects, his time at Imperial College, London University, and his career in Nigeria studying the taxonomy and biology of anopheline malaria vectors. On his return to England he became increasingly interested in the ecology and population dynamics of hematophagous insects. After almost eight years undertaking only research, he joined the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, where he was involved in lecturing as well as research and engaged in frequent overseas travel mainly to Africa, Central and South America, and Asia. On retirement he retains an active interest in medical entomology. Although he undertook a considerable amount of taxonomic work on mosquitoes, he believes his most important, and possibly influential, work was introducing ecological methods that were used by agricultural scientists to the study of mosquitoes. For example, the construction of life tables, calculating the percentage mortality of pre-adult mosquitoes, and the identification of predators by serological methods.
Superiority of Oxaliplatin and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin Compared With Either Therapy Alone in Patients With Progressive Colorectal Cancer After Irinotecan and Fluorouracil-Leucovorin: Interim Results of a Phase III Trial (2003)

For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, second-line treatment with FOLFOX4 is superior to treatment with LVFU2 in terms of RR, TTP, and relief of TRS.
The Effectiveness of the Functional Magnetic Stimulation Therapy in Treating Sciatica Syndrome (2015)

Introduction: Degenerative or traumatic causes are most common in generating sciatica syndrome, which is normally treated with well-known physical therapy methods. A relatively new way of treating sciatica problems is so-called functional magnetic stimulation (FMS), whose principle is based on electromagnetic field inducing electrical field inside the body. Electrical field triggers action potential of nerve cells and that way stimulates peripheral motor nerve system. Aim: Aim of this study is to measure and estimate the effectiveness of implementing therapy with functional magnetic stimulation in regular physical treatment of sciatica syndrome. Materials and Methods: 28 male patients aged between 30 and 55 with back problem were recruited on an outpatient basis. FMS therapy was performed with TESLA Stym? device (Iskra Medical d.o.o., Slovenia) treating lumbosacral region equally on both sides of the spine. Physical examination was performed to evaluate tree parameters: the mobility of the lumbar spine in flexion and extension, together with the straight leg raise test (Lasegue sign). We estimated patients’ progress, comparing angle values of mobility from the first examination day with other examination days. Results: In FMS treated group of patients, lumbosacral flexion, extension and Lasegue test angle were significantly higher compared to day 0 on the first physical examination day (day 3) (p < 0.05). In control group such increase of a measured angle was not noticed until a second physical examination day (day 5) or a third physical examination day (day 8) (p < 0.05). Discussion: Results in this study showed that applying FMS therapy along with other standard physical therapy methods rapidly increased effectiveness of the treatment of sciatica syndrome (lat. ischialgia). It suggests that functional magnetic therapy could be suggested as a regular physical therapy method in treating this kind of pain syndromes.
Levetiracetam Reverses Synaptic Deficits Produced by Overexpression of SV2A (2011)

Levetiracetam is an FDA-approved drug used to treat epilepsy and other disorders of the nervous system. Although it is known that levetiracetam binds the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, how drug binding affects synaptic functioning remains unknown. Here we report that levetiracetam reverses the effects of excess SV2A in autaptic hippocampal neurons. Expression of an SV2A-EGFP fusion protein produced a ∼1.5-fold increase in synaptic levels of SV2, and resulted in reduced synaptic release probability. The overexpression phenotype parallels that seen in neurons from SV2 knockout mice, which experience severe seizures. Overexpression of SV2A also increased synaptic levels of the calcium-sensor protein synaptotagmin, an SV2-binding protein whose stability and trafficking are regulated by SV2. Treatment with levetiracetam rescued normal neurotransmission and restored normal levels of SV2 and synaptotagmin at the synapse. These results indicate that changes in SV2 expression in either direction impact neurotransmission, and suggest that levetiracetam may modulate SV2 protein interactions.
Bladder Cancer in 2010: How Far have We Come? (2010)

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer and ranks eighth as a cause of death from cancer among men in the United States. Although guidelines assist in treatment, the art of managing bladder cancer, such as the decision to use neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the timing of cystectomy, is still variable. Bladder cancer has a propensity to recur, and with recurrence, a significant number of cases progress, which makes the early detection of high-risk patients imperative. Advances in detection, surveillance, and treatment of bladder cancer are reviewed in this article.
Cloning of a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent betaine transporter that is regulated by hypertonicity. (1992)

Many hypertonic bacteria, plants, marine animals, and the mammalian renal medulla are protected from the deleterious effects of high intracellular concentrations of electrolytes by accumulating high concentrations of the nonperturbing osmolyte betaine. When kidney-derived Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells are cultured in hypertonic medium, they accumulate betaine to 1,000 times its medium concentration. This results from induction by hypertonicity of high rates of betaine transport into cells. We have isolated a cDNA (BGT-1) encoding a renal betaine transporter by screening an MDCK cell cDNA library for expression of a betaine transporter in Xenopus oocytes. The cDNA encodes a single protein of 614 amino acids, with an estimated molecular weight of 69 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits highly significant sequence and topographic similarity to brain gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) and noradrenaline transporters, suggesting that the renal BGT-1 is a member of the brain GABA/noradrenaline transporter gene family. Expression in oocytes indicates that the BGT-1 protein has both betaine and GABA transport activities that are Cl(-)- as well as Na(+)-dependent and functionally similar to betaine and GABA transport in MDCK cells. Northern hybridization indicates that transporter mRNA is localized to the kidney medulla and is induced in MDCK cells by hypertonicity.
Novel technique for r.m.s.–d.c. conversion based on the difference of squares (1975)

A new technique is described for producing a d.c. output proportional to the r.m.s. value of an input having arbitrary waveshape. Like the fundamental method based on a thermal balance, this technique does not require the use of accurate scaling within the nonlinear element; scaling is primarily determined by the ratio of two equal resistors operating at low power.
Calorie restriction protects against age‐related rat aorta sclerosis (2005)

Many theories have been advanced to account for the ageing process, among which the free radical theory deserves much attention. Numerous studies have also shown an association between tissue fibrosis and oxidative stress. Of note, fibrosis may be considered a significant index of tissue ageing. Calorie restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to maintain many physiological processes in a youthful state until a very advanced age. However the anti-ageing mechanisms of CR are still not fully understood. We thus evaluated the effect of CR on oxidative damage and its relationship with fibrosis during ageing. We found a significant increase of both oxidative stress and fibrosis parameters in the aortae from aged vs. young rats. CR reversed both phenomena. CR also protected against the age-associated increase of Jun-N-terminal kinase and p-38 activities, involved in TGFbeta1 expression and signaling. On the contrary, extracellular regulated kinases did not show any age-related change. CR similarly reversed the age-related increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity and the AP-1-dependent increase of vimentin gene expression. In parallel, CR reversed the age-related morphological alterations of the aorta wall cell composition. These data further support the relationship between oxidative stress and fibrosis in different diseases and during ageing. The protection exerted by CR against fibrosclerosis might be due to a decrease of oxidative stress, with consequent decreased MAPK activity and down-regulation of AP-1 activation and of TGFbeta1 expression and signaling.
Selectively oxidised vertical cavity surface emittinglaserswith 50% power conversion efficiency (1995)

Index-guided vertical cavity top-surface emitting laser diodes have been fabricated from an all epitaxial structure with conducting mirrors by selective lateral oxidation of AlGaAs. Low voltage, a 78% slope efficiency, and a 350 µA threshold current in a single device combine to yield a maximum power conversion efficiency of 50% at less than a 2 mA drive current. The device operates in a single mode up to 1.5 mW.
User Localization for Large Artifacts Prebuffering and Safety Possibilities in Mobile Embedded Systems (2009)

Main area of interest is in a model of a radio-frequency based system for locating and tracking users of control or information system inside the corporate area. The developed framework joins the concepts of location and user tracking as an extension for a new type of mobile embedded systems. The PDPT (predictive data push technology) framework uses a WiFi network infrastructure to let a mobile device determine its position. User position is used for data pre-buffering and pushing information from server database to userpsilas PDA database. All server data is saved as artifacts (together) with its position information in building. The accessing of such prebuffered data on mobile embedded device can highly improve the response time needed to view large multimedia data. All data artifacts are transferred from PDPT server database to mobile embedded device database throw secured wireless connection standard EAP-TLS.
Experiences with the alternate reality kit: an example of the tension between literalism and magic (1986)

This paper presents an overview of the Alternate Reality Kit (ARK), an animated environment for creating interactive simulations. ARK is built upon a physical-world metaphor: all objects have an image, a position, a velocity, and can experience forces. Users manipulate objects with a mouse-operated “hand” which enables them to carry and throw objects, to press buttons, and to operate sliders. The interface features are discussed in light of a general user interface tension between literalism and magic . Literal features are defined to be those that are true to the interface's metaphor. Literal features enhance an interface's learnability. Magical features are defined to be those capabilities that deliberately violate the metaphor in order to provide enhanced functionality. Discussion of each ARK feature includes informal observations of early ARK users, an assessment of the feature's learnability, of its usefulness, and of its position on the magical-literal axis. Even though ARK includes magical features, applications-level users have be trained in a few minutes. Although this paper is about ARK, the tension between literalism and magic raises some interesting questions on its own. Some of these questions are presented briefly in the conclusion.
SH3BP2 Gain-Of-Function Mutation Exacerbates Inflammation and Bone Loss in a Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model (2014)

Gain-of-function of SH3BP2 augments inflammation and bone loss in the CIA model through increased macrophage activation and osteoclast formation. Therefore, modulation of the SH3BP2 expression may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Continuous audit implications of Internet technology: triggering agents over the Web in the domain of debt covenant compliance (2005)

The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants have together called on the research community to show how continuous audit (CA) could be implemented in various auditing domains. In response to this call, we look at the domain of debt covenant compliance, and we utilize Cold Fusion, a leading Web applications development technology, to design and demonstrate an implementation of a continuous process audit within this domain. We design and demonstrate a system that uses agents sent over the Internet to continuously monitor whether actual values of client's variables are in compliance with standards for these variables set out in the debt covenant agreement-all from a remote location, the loan officer's desk.
Recent Advances in Targeting CD8 T-Cell Immunity for More Effective Cancer Immunotherapy (2018)

Recent advances in cancer treatment have emerged from new immunotherapies targeting T-cell inhibitory receptors, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death (PD)-1. In this context, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated survival benefits in numerous cancers, including melanoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. PD-1-expressing CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes appear to play a major role in the response to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) eliminate malignant cells through recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) of specific antigenic peptides presented on the surface of cancer cells by major histocompatibility complex class I/beta-2-microglobulin complexes, and through killing of target cells, mainly by releasing the content of secretory lysosomes containing perforin and granzyme B. T-cell adhesion molecules and, in particular, lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1 and CD103 integrins, and their cognate ligands, respectively, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E-cadherin, on target cells, are involved in strengthening the interaction between CTL and tumor cells. Tumor-specific CTL have been isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with varied cancers. TCRβ-chain gene usage indicated that CTL identified <i>in vitro</i> selectively expanded <i>in vivo</i> at the tumor site compared to autologous PBL. Moreover, functional studies indicated that these CTL mediate human leukocyte antigen class I-restricted cytotoxic activity toward autologous tumor cells. Several of them recognize truly tumor-specific antigens encoded by mutated genes, also known as neoantigens, which likely play a key role in antitumor CD8 T-cell immunity. Accordingly, it has been shown that the presence of T lymphocytes directed toward tumor neoantigens is associated with patient response to immunotherapies, including ICI, adoptive cell transfer, and dendritic cell-based vaccines. These tumor-specific mutation-derived antigens open up new perspectives for development of effective second-generation therapeutic cancer vaccines.