gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of different add-back regimens on hypoestrogenic problems by postoperative gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in endometriosis (2016)

This preliminary study suggests that an add-back regimen containing estradiol valerate and norethisterone acetate may have better efficacy in terms of quality of life, hypoestrogenism-associated symptoms, and bone mineral density.
Codon‐improved Cre recombinase (iCre) expression in the mouse (2002)

By applying the mammalian codon usage to Cre recombinase, we improved Cre expression, as determined by immunoblot and functional analysis, in three different mammalian cell lines. The improved Cre (iCre) gene was also designed to reduce the high CpG content of the prokaryotic coding sequence, thereby reducing the chances of epigenetic silencing in mammals. Transgenic iCre expressing mice were obtained with good frequency, and in these mice loxP-mediated DNA recombination was observed in all cells expressing iCre. Moreover, iCre fused to two estrogen receptor hormone binding domains for temporal control of Cre activity could also be expressed in transgenic mice. However, Cre induction after administration of tamoxifen yielded only low Cre activity. Thus, whereas efficient activation of Cre fusion proteins in the brain needs further improvements, our studies indicate that iCre should facilitate genetic experiments in the mouse.
Effect of cold air inhalation on core temperature in exercising subjects under heat stress (1988)

Whether increasing respiratory heat loss (RHL) during exercise under heat stress can contain elevation of rectal temperature (Tre) was examined. Eight men cycled twice at 45-50% their maximum work rate until exhaustion at ambient temperature and relative humidity of 38 degrees C and 90-95%, respectively. They inspired either cold (3.6 degrees C) or ambient air in random sequence. When subjects breathed cold air during 23 min of exercise, a ninefold increase in RHL was observed vs. similar work during hot air inhalation (32.81 vs. 3.46 W). Respiratory frequency (f) and rate of rise in Tre decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.004 and P less than or equal to 0.002, respectively). The rise in skin temperature in each inhalant gas condition was accompanied by a parallel almost equal increase in core temperature above basal (delta Tre) for equivalent gains in skin temperature. The increase in tidal volume and decreased f in the cold condition allowed more effective physical conditioning of cold inspirate gas in the upper airways and aided RHL. Cold air inhalation also produced a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in heart rate vs. hot air inhalation in the final stages of exercise. Insignificant changes in O2 consumption and total body fluid loss were found. These data show that cold air inhalation during exercise diminishes elevation of Tre and suggest that both the intensity and duration of work can thus be extended. The importance of the physical exchange of heat energy and any physiological mechanisms induced by the cold inspirate in producing the changes is undetermined.
Correlates of cell-mediated immunity in Candida albicans-colonized gnotobiotic mice (1990)

Germfree athymic (nu/nu) and euthymic (nu/+) mice were colonized with a pure culture of Candida albicans. Correlates of cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation and footpad responses to C. albicans antigens) and in vivo clearance of mucosal infections were assessed at different time intervals after alimentary tract colonization. C. albicans hyphae infected the dorsal surface of the tongue and the cardial section of the stomach in both nu/nu and nu/+ mice within 1 week after colonization with a pure culture of C. albicans. With time after colonization and infection with C. albicans, nu/+ mice manifested positive lymphocyte proliferation and positive footpad responses to Candida antigens that appeared to correlate with the capacity to clear Candida hyphae from the dorsal surface of the tongue and in the stomach. Conversely, nu/nu mice could not clear mucosal candidosis (in the stomach and on the tongue) and did not manifest either lymphocyte proliferation or footpad swelling in response to C. albicans antigens. These studies indicated that T-cell-mediated immunity may play a role in the acquired resistance of mice to mucosal candidosis. Since neither nu/nu nor nu/+ mice developed a progressive systemic disease, T cells apparently do not play a prominent role in murine resistance to systemic candidosis of endogenous origin.
SC-1, a functional human monoclonal antibody against autologous stomach carcinoma cells. (1989)

Human monoclonal antibodies were isolated from stomach carcinoma patients by the fusion of spleen and lymph node lymphocytes with the heteromyeloma line SPM4-0. Initial screening was carried out on autologous primary tumor cell cultures in an adhesion assay in order to select surface-reactive functional antibodies. This was followed by live cell immunoperoxidase staining assays. The human monoclonal antibody SC-1 was found to selectively react with cultured cells isolated from autologous and allogeneic stomach carcinoma patients, and with cryostat sections of the primary tumors. More extensive screening revealed that the antibody showed no reactivity with a wide range of tumor tissues and normal cells. Some reactivity was present on fetal tissues. SC-1 inhibits movement of the autologous tumor cells and identifies a protein with a molecular weight of 50,000. This study demonstrates that, with the use of selective screening assays on primary tumor material, it is possible to isolate antibodies which not only result from an immune response in the patient but also interfere with intercellular processes of tumor cells.
An Outer Membrane Receptor of Neisseria meningitidis Involved in Zinc Acquisition with Vaccine Potential (2010)

Since the concentration of free iron in the human host is low, efficient iron-acquisition mechanisms constitute important virulence factors for pathogenic bacteria. In Gram-negative bacteria, TonB-dependent outer membrane receptors are implicated in iron acquisition. It is far less clear how other metals that are also scarce in the human host are transported across the bacterial outer membrane. With the aim of identifying novel vaccine candidates, we characterized in this study a hitherto unknown receptor in Neisseria meningitidis. We demonstrate that this receptor, designated ZnuD, is produced under zinc limitation and that it is involved in the uptake of zinc. Upon immunization of mice, it was capable of inducing bactericidal antibodies and we could detect ZnuD-specific antibodies in human convalescent patient sera. ZnuD is highly conserved among N. meningitidis isolates and homologues of the protein are found in many other Gram-negative pathogens, particularly in those residing in the respiratory tract. We conclude that ZnuD constitutes a promising candidate for the development of a vaccine against meningococcal disease for which no effective universal vaccine is available. Furthermore, the results suggest that receptor-mediated zinc uptake represents a novel virulence mechanism that is particularly important for bacterial survival in the respiratory tract.
Chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death in glioma cells is p53 independent (2010)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade central nervous system malignancy and despite aggressive treatment strategies, GBM patients have a median survival time of just 1 year. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial lysosomotropic agent, has been identified as a potential adjuvant in the treatment regimen of GBMs. However, the mechanism of CQ-induced tumor cell death is poorly defined. We and others have shown that CQ-mediated cell death may be p53-dependent and at least in part due to the intrinsic apoptotic death pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of CQ on 5 established human GBM lines, differing in their p53 gene status. CQ was found to induce a concentration-dependent death in each of these cell lines. Although CQ treatment increased caspase-3-like enzymatic activity in all 5 cell lines, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor did not significantly attenuate death. Moreover, CQ caused an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in all cell lines and was found to affect the levels and subcellular distribution of cathepsin D, suggesting that altered lysosomal function may also play a role in CQ-induced cell death. Thus, CQ can induce p53-independent death in gliomas that do not require caspase-mediated apoptosis. To potentially identify more potent chemotherapeutics, various CQ derivatives and lysosomotropic compounds were tested on the GBM cells. Quinacrine and mefloquine were found to be more potent than CQ in killing GBM cells in vitro and given their superior blood-brain barrier penetration compared with CQ may prove more efficacious as chemotherapeutic agents for GBM patients.
Heme oxygenase is the major 32-kDa stress protein induced in human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite. (1989)

We have shown that UVA (320-380 nm) radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium arsenite induce a stress protein of approximately 32 kDa in human skin fibroblasts. The synthesis and cloning of cDNA from arsenite-induced mRNA populations have now allowed us to unequivocally identify the 32-kDa protein as heme oxygenase. By mRNA analysis we have shown that the heme oxygenase gene is also induced in cultured human skin fibroblasts by UVA radiation, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium chloride, iodoacetamide, and menadione. The known antioxidant properties of heme catabolites taken together with the observation of a high level of induction of the enzyme in cells from an organ not involved in hemoglobin breakdown strongly supports the proposal that the induction of heme oxygenase may be a general response to oxidant stress and constitutes an important cellular defense mechanism against oxidative damage.
Safety and Efficacy of AAV-Mediated Calpain 3 Gene Transfer in a Mouse Model of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A (2005)

Calpainopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, LGMD2A) is a recessive muscular disorder caused by deficiency in the calcium-dependent cysteine protease calpain 3. To date, no treatment exists for this disease. We evaluated the potential of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors for gene therapy in a murine model for LGMD2A. To drive the expression of calpain 3, we used rAAV2/1 pseudotyped vectors and muscle-specific promoters to avoid calpain 3 cell toxicity. We report efficient and stable transgene expression in muscle with restoration of the proteolytic activity and without evident toxicity. In addition, calpain 3 was correctly targeted to the sarcomere. Moreover, its presence resulted in improvement of the histological features and in therapeutic efficacy at the physiological levels, including correction of atrophy and full rescue of the contractile force deficits. Our results establish the feasibility of AAV-mediated calpain 3 gene transfer as a therapeutic approach.
High-Resolution X-Ray Photoemission Spectrum of the Valence Bands of Gold (1972)

High-resolution gold-valence-band photoemission spectra were obtained by the use of monochromatized $\mathrm{Al} K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation and a single-crystal specimen. After background and scattering corrections were made, the results were compared directly with broadened theoretical density-of-states functions. The following conclusions were drawn: (i) Relativistic band-structure calculations are required to fit the spectrum. (ii) Both the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker calculation of Connolly and Johnson and the relativistic-augmented-plane-wave calculation by Christensen and Seraphin give density-of-states results that (after broadening) follow the experimental curve closely. (iii) Of the theoretical functions available to date, those with full Slater exchange agree best with experiment (perhaps because of a cancellation of errors). Fractional ($\frac{2}{3} or \frac{5}{6}$) exchange gives $d$ bands that are too wide. (iv) Eastman's 40.8-eV ultraviolet photoemission spectrum is similar to the x-ray spectrum, suggesting little dependence on photon energy above 40 eV. (v) Both (ii) and (iv) imply an absence of strong matrix-element modulation in the photoemission spectrum of gold.
Dynamic compartmentalization of the voltage‐gated sodium channels in axons (2003)

One of the major physiological roles of the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel is to generate action potentials at the axon hillock/initial segment and to ensure propagation along myelinated or unmyelinated fibers to nerve terminal. These processes require a precise distribution of sodium channels accumulated at high density in discrete subdomains of the nerve membrane. In neurons, information relevant to ion channel trafficking and compartmentalization into sub-domains of the plasma membrane is far from being elucidated. Besides, whereas information on dendritic targeting is beginning to emerge, less is known about the mechanisms leading to the polarized distribution of proteins in axon. To obtain a better understanding of how neurons selectively target sodium channels to discrete subdomains of the nerve, we addressed the question as to whether any of the large intracellular regions of Nav1.2 contain axonal sorting and/or clustering signals. We first obtained evidence showing that addition of the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal region of Nav1.2 restricted the distribution of a dendritic-axonal reporter protein to axons of hippocampal neurons. The analysis of mutants revealed that a di-leucine-based motif mediates chimera compartmentalization in axons and its elimination in soma and dendrites by endocytosis. The analysis of the others generated chimeras showed that the determinant conferring sodium channel clustering at the axonal initial segment is contained within the cytoplasmic loop connecting domains II-III of Nav1.2. Expression of a soluble Nav1.2 II-III linker protein led to the disorganization of endogenous sodium channels. The motif was sufficient to redirect a somatodendritic potassium channel to the axonal initial segment, a process involving association with ankyrin G. Thus, it is conceivable that concerted action of the two determinants is required for sodium channel compartmentalization in axons.
Face-to-Face Media Sharing Using Wireless Mobile Devices (2006)

Advanced personal wireless mobile devices, such as today's emerging smart phones, are capable computers that have the potential to enable individuals to share personal content, such as photographs, music, and video. Face to face sharing can be a satisfying and even emotional experience, yet it is not well supported by existing digital technologies, which typically isolate media into separate collections or require that they be manually combined into a single collection on a single machine. Federating wireless mobile devices with fixed infrastructure, such as a digital home entertainment center, provides a lightweight, unified, and intuitive way to share media among friends and family. This paper looks at both technological and social issues that surround sharing media using federated devices, considering the relevant emerging technologies, media types, and usage contexts.
Preservation of residual hearing with cochlear implantation: How and why (2004)

Hearing threshold level data were available for 12 patients recruited from 6 of the centres. Median increases in hearing threshold levels were 23, 27 and 33 dB for the frequencies 125, 250 and 500 Hz, respectively. These median increases include the data for two patients who had total loss of residual hearing due to difficulties encountered during surgery. "Cochlear view" X-ray images indicated that the depth of insertion varied between 300 and 430 degrees, despite modest variations in the length of the electrode inserted (17-19 mm). The insertion angle had some influence on the preservation of residual hearing at frequencies of 250-500 Hz. Six of the 12 patients retained sufficient hearing for effective use of an ipsilateral ITE hearing aid (< or = 80 dB HL at 125 and 250 Hz; < or = 90 dB HL at 500 Hz). Word recognition scores in quiet were improved from 10% to 30% with the cochlear implant plus ipsilateral hearing aid in 3 patients who had at least 3 months postoperative experience. Signal:noise ratio thresholds for sentence recognition were improved by up to 3 dB. Patients reported that they experienced greatly improved sound quality and preferred to use the two devices together.
Exploiting redundancy in question answering (2001)

Our goal is to automatically answer brief factual questions of the form ``When was the Battle of Hastings?'' or ``Who wrote The Wind in the Willows?''. Since the answer to nearly any such question can now be found somewhere on the Web, the problem reduces to finding potential answers in large volumes of data and validating their accuracy. We apply a method for arbitrary passage retrieval to the first half of the problem and demonstrate that answer redundancy can be used to address the second half. The success of our approach depends on the idea that the volume of available Web data is large enough to supply the answer to most factual questions multiple times and in multiple contexts. A query is generated from a question and this query is used to select short passages that may contain the answer from a large collection of Web data. These passages are analyzed to identify candidate answers. The frequency of these candidates within the passages is used to ``vote'' for the most likely answer. The approach is experimentally tested on questions taken from the TREC-9 question-answering test collection. As an additional demonstration, the approach is extended to answer multiple choice trivia questions of the form typically asked in trivia quizzes and television game shows.
Diastereodivergent Hydroxyfluorination of Cyclic and Acyclic Allylic Amines: Synthesis of 4-Deoxy-4-fluorophytosphingosines (2012)

A diastereodivergent hydroxyfluorination protocol enabling the direct conversion of some conformationally biased allylic amines to the corresponding diastereoisomeric amino fluorohydrins has been developed. Sequential treatment of a conformationally biased allylic amine with 2 equiv of HBF(4)·OEt(2) followed by m-CPBA promotes epoxidation of the olefin on the face proximal to the amino group under hydrogen-bonded direction from the in situ formed ammonium ion. Regioselective and stereospecific epoxide ring-opening by transfer of fluoride from a BF(4)(-) ion (an S(N)2-type process at the carbon atom distal to the ammonium moiety) then occurs in situ to give the corresponding amino fluorohydrin. Alternatively, an analogous reaction using 20 equiv of HBF(4)·OEt(2) results in preferential epoxidation of the opposite face of the olefin, which is followed by regioselective and stereospecific epoxide ring-opening by transfer of fluoride from a BF(4)(-) ion (an S(N)2-type process at the carbon atom distal to the ammonium moiety). The synthetic utility of this methodology is demonstrated via its application to a synthesis of 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-L-xylo-phytosphingosine and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-L-lyxo-phytosphingosine, each in five steps from Garner's aldehyde.
In vitro production of sexed embryos for gender preselection: high-speed sorting of X-chromosome-bearing sperm to produce pigs after embryo transfer. (1999)

The objectives for the present experiments were to apply sperm sexing technology to an in vitro production system with porcine oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse material. On six experimental days, ovaries were obtained from an abattoir, and cumulus-oocyte-complexes were matured in vitro. Semen was collected from mature boars of proven fertility and was sorted for X-chromosome-bearing sperm, using the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology incorporating the use of high-speed sorting. A total of 5,378 oocytes were submitted for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of these, 559 ova were stained for cytogenetic analysis 18 h after IVF. From the remaining 4,819 ova, 1,595 cleaved, and 1,300 of the cleaved embryos were transferred into 26 synchronized recipients (5 control gilts for unsorted sperm, 21 gilts for X-sorted sperm). In a test of two fertilization media (FERT-A vs FERT-B) higher cleavage rates (P<.05) were obtained when FERT-B was used as a fertilization medium for unsorted (43.4+/-5.1%) and sorted sperm (43.1+/-1.1%;), whereas in FERT-A unsorted sperm gave a cleavage rate of 17.9+/-4.4% and sorted sperm gave 30.4+/-1.4%. Additionally, cleavage rates were higher (P<.05) after fertilization with sorted sperm vs unsorted sperm, independent of fertilization medium. Cytogenetic analysis of ova revealed that more oocytes with unsorted than with sorted sperm remained in Metaphase 2 arrest (P<.05). This was also independent of the fertilization medium. Monospermic fertilization rates were the same for IVF with unsorted or sorted sperm, independent of the fertilization system, except FERT-A with unsorted sperm (P<.05). Polyspermic fertilization rates were highest in FERT-B (37.6+/-6.6). A total of 57 pigs were born from nine litters. Six litters from sexed sperm (X-sorted) produced 33 females (97%) and one male. Three litters from control transfers produced 23 pigs, 11 of which were female (48%). The sex ratio of the offspring was predicted based on the sort reanalysis of the sorted sperm for DNA content.
Computer Perception of Molecular Symmetry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer Perception of Molecular SymmetryK. BalasubramanianCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1995, 35, 4, 761–770Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00026a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00026a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
OPTICAL DETECTION OF SINGLE MOLECULES (1997)

Recent advances in ultrasensitive instrumentation have allowed for the detection, identification, and dynamic studies of single molecules in the condensed phase. This measurement capability provides a new set of tools for scientists to address important current problems and to explore new frontiers in many scientific disciplines, such as chemistry, molecular biology, molecular medicine, and nanostructured materials. This review focuses on the methodologies and biological applications of single-molecule detection based on laser-induced fluorescence.