gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Mesocarp and Seed of Avocado Fruits Harvested at Northern Range in Japan (2008)

The lipid and fatty acid composition of the mesocarp and seed of avocado fruit grown and harvested in Japan, which is located at the northern range of the avacado, was investigated and compared to an imported avocado purchased commercially. The potential of the avocado mesocarp as an agricultural product in Japan was also explored. Total lipids (TL) accounted for approximately 20% of the mesocarp. Further analysis showed that the neutral lipid (NL) fraction accounted for at least 95% of the TL, and almost 90% of NL was triacylglycerol. Monoenoic acids accounted for at least 65% of the total fatty acids, and oleic acid, which is regarded as an especially important functional component of avacado accounted for approximately 50% of the monounsaturated fatty acids. A comparison of the Japanese avocado cultivars and an imported avocado cultivar in the present study revealed no significant differences in the lipid and fatty acid compositions. Therefore, production of avocado fruit, which is rich in various nutritional components, is expected to be increased on a larger number of farms in Japan in the future. It is believed to be necessary to carry out further verification, such as the establishment of a cultivation technique adoptable to Japan, examination of optimal soil and land features, and cultivar selection.
THE SELECTIVE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF SILICON (1991)

The SEG technique and its extension epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) have already found many applications in device fabrication both in terms of process simplification and new device structures. The basic processes involve substrate preparation, ex-situ cleaning, in-situ surface oxide removal and SEG/ELO growth. Substrate preparation involves fabrication of the necessary "seed-windows" in, e.g. oxide or nitride layers down to the single crystal substrate : this is usually achieved using a reactive ion etch (RIE) process followed by the growth and subsequent etching of a sacrificial oxide (SO) for surface damage removal. Ex-situ cleaning usually consists of a wet chemical treatment, e.g. RCA, with the final RCA-2 step leaving the silicon surface coated with a reproducible thin oxide layer which also serves to remove various contaminants. The in-situ clean removes the latter oxide through a low pressure H2 prebake, using a temperature which effectively etches the oxide via the [MATH] disproportionation reaction, but which minimises the concomitant undercutting of the exposed SiO2/Si oxide - substrate interface by the same reaction. The growth process involves optimisation of the main parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure and gas flows, to obtain full control of selectivity (i.e. polysilicon nucleation on the field area), sidewall faceting, defect generation and autodoping. This paper will review the technique of selective silicon epitaxy and discuss the results obtained during the optimisation of the above parameters for device applications using a modified Applied Materials LPCVD vertical barrel epitaxial reactor system.
Beautifying sketching-based design tool content: Issues and experiences (2005)

With the advent of the Tablet PC and stylus-based PDAs, sketching-based user interfaces for design tools have become popular. However, a major challenge with such interfaces is the need for appropriate 'beautification' of the sketches. This includes both interactive beautification as content is sketched and post-design conversion of sketches to formalised, computer-drawn diagrams. We discuss a number of beautification issues and requirements for sketching-based design tools, illustrating these with examples from two quite different sketching-based applications. We illustrate ways of supporting beautification, user interface design and implementation challenges, and results from preliminary evaluations of such interfaces.
Fabrication of thin films with highly porous microstructures (1995)

An evaporation process has been developed for depositing highly porous insulator or metal films with densities as low as 15% of bulk. The process utilizes either multiple evaporation sources or substrate movement to provide a symmetrical but very oblique (≳80%) flux incident on the substrate. Extreme self-shadowing produced a vertical columnar microstructure consisting of isolated and evenly spaced columns including a unique zigzag structure in a number of insulator films. Features of the film are often anisotropic, leading to conductivity differences of as much as a factor of two along perpendicular axes in the plane of the film surface. The direction of anisotropic growth was observed to switch orientation as the incident flux angle was increased to very oblique, beyond approximately 80°. A line segment simulator incorporating ballistic deposition and minimization of chemical potential has been used to aid in the understanding of the growth mechanisms of these films and to optimize the evaporation process. The simulator helped to confirm that self-shadowing was the dominant mechanism in this porous structure formation.
Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser:?addenda (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text U. Morgner, F. X. Kärtner, S. H. Cho, Y. Chen, H. A. Haus, J. G. Fujimoto, E. P. Ippen, V. Scheuer, G. Angelow, and T. Tschudi, "Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser:?addenda," Opt. Lett. 24, 920-920 (1999) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Hormone-Independent Activation of Adenylate Cyclase in Large Steroidogenic Ovine Luteal Cells Does Not Result in Increased Progesterone Secretion* (1984)

The role of cAMP in controlling steroidogenesis in small and large ovine luteal cells was examined. Corpora lutea collected from superovulated ewes (9-11 days postovulation) were dissociated, and the two cell types were purified by elutriation. Both cell types were incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h at 37 C with ovine LH (100 ng/ml), cholera toxin (100 ng/ml), or forskolin (50 microM). At each time point, progesterone levels were measured in the medium. Adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP concentrations in the cells and incubation medium were also determined. Progesterone secretion by small cells was significantly stimulated by ovine LH (up to 7.3-fold), cholera toxin (up to 4.2-fold), and forskolin (up to 4.5-fold) during the 4-h incubation. Intracellular levels of cAMP were significantly elevated in the small cells by ovine LH (up to 2.5-fold) and forskolin (up to 5.6-fold). Accumulation of cAMP in medium after incubation of small cells was also significantly stimulated by ovine LH (up to 215-fold), cholera toxin (up to 93-fold), and forskolin (up to 1105-fold). Adenylate cyclase activity, however, was only significantly stimulated by cholera toxin (2.6-fold) and forskolin (3.8-fold). None of the treatments stimulated progesterone secretion by large cells at any time (less than 1.6-fold). Intracellular levels of cAMP in the large cells were not elevated after treatment with ovine LH, but were elevated in cells treated with cholera toxin (up to 2.8-fold) and forskolin (up to 2.6-fold). Accumulation of cAMP in the medium was markedly increased with forskolin treatment (106-fold). Adenylate cyclase activity was found to be significantly stimulated by cholera toxin (2.2-fold) and forskolin (up to 5.1-fold), but not by ovine LH (less than 1.1-fold). Steroid secretion in the small cells appears to be enhanced by elevated intracellular cAMP levels. However, treatments that result in dramatic increases in intracellular levels of cAMP failed to influence the secretion of progesterone in large cells.
Polymorphism in CD33 and CD34 genes: a source of minor histocompatibility antigens on haemopoietic progenitor cells? (1998)

Following bone marrow stem cell transplantation allo-responses against haemopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), causing graft rejection and graft-versus-leukaemia effects, can be induced by donor T cells recognizing peptides derived from polymorphic endogenous proteins present in HPC. Since CD33 and CD34 are both expressed on HPC, we looked for genetic polymorphisms that might be the source of minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA) on such cells. Bone marrow from 14 donors and their HLA-identical recipients undergoing BMT for haematological malignancies were studied. Using non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (cold SSCP) of complementary DNA encoding CD33 and CD34, three DNA polymorphisms, two in CD33 and one in CD34 were found and sequenced. Two were in non-coding regions, but in CD33, ATA or ATG at codon 183 resulted in an Ile or Met in the protein sequence. Nonapeptides derived from both alleles were predicted to bind to HLA A68.1. Thus two alleles of CD33 protein exist that could be mHA. With an alternate allele frequency of < 10%, allo-responses against CD33 would be uncommon after marrow transplantation. However, donors homozygous for this allele could be used to generate cytotoxic T cells against the frequent CD33 allele, for adoptive therapy of leukaemia.
In vitro differentiation and progression of mouse mammary tumor cells. (1986)

We have isolated clonal cell lines from a transplanted adenocarcinoma induced by the RIII strain of mouse mammary tumor virus in a BALB/c mouse. Three major morphological cell types of these lines are developmentally linked; polygonal cells give rise to cuboidal and then to elongated cells. All cell lines expressed markers that are characteristic of mammary basal cells. In addition, the polygonal lines contained cells that have cell markers and ultrastructural features of epithelial cells; in these lines an occasional cell was found with myoepithelial features. The cuboidal and elongated lines lacked many epithelial differentiation characteristics and showed no myoepithelial differentiation. The cell lines contained variable numbers of acquired mouse mammary tumor virus and ecotropic murine leukemia virus proviruses. The various subclones derived from the original cell lines contained, in addition to the acquired proviruses of the parental line, one or more unique proviruses of either mouse mammary tumor virus or ecotropic murine leukemia virus origin. These unique insertions were used as genotypic markers to demonstrate the clonal relationship of the cell lines. Both polygonal and elongated cells are tumorigenic and give rise to adenocarcinomas and sarcoma-like tumors, respectively. In contrast, the cuboidal cells are poorly tumorigenic. Since cuboidal cells are derived from the polygonal cells, this suggests that tumor progression in this system proceeds via intermediates that are either poorly or nontumorigenic.
[The clinical significance of the morphological characteristics of kidney cancer in middle-aged and elderly subjects]. (1991)

The morphological characteristics of kidney carcinoma was studied in 124 elderly and old-aged patients who underwent nephrectomy. Clear-cell carcinoma was found in 65 (52.4%), granular cell carcinoma in 18 (14.5%), glandular carcinoma in 11 (8.9%), polymorphocellular carcinoma in 13 (10.5%), and mixed carcinoma in 17 (13.7%) patients. In homogeneous histological form of carcinoma 82 out of 94 tumors had areas of various degree of differentiation. In this group of patients with clear-cell carcinoma, more highly differentiated forms prevailed in 30 and less differentiated forms in 28 patients. Similar indices were 7 and 10 in granular cell carcinoma and 4 and 3 in glandular carcinoma, respectively. In prevalence of differentiated areas, 5-year survival was 63.6% in clear-cell carcinoma 42.9% in granular cell carcinoma, and 50% in glandular carcinoma. In prevalence of areas which were less differentiated 20.8%, 30%, and 0 patients, respectively, lived for 5 years. In the group of 13 patients with polymorphocellular carcinoma only one patient lived for 2 years while the others died within one year. Six patients died in the immediate postoperative period, in 6 of them postmortem examination revealed multiple distant metastases which were not recognized during the operation. The authors believe that operation is not indicated in elderly and old-aged patients with polymorphocellular carcinoma because the prognosis is very unfavourable. In predicting the results of surgery, of primary importance is not the presence of cells of moderate and low differentiation, but their percentage ratio to the highly differentiated cells. Clear-cell carcinoma with predominance of highly-differentiated cells takes a more favourable course.
Rhizosphere competence of benomyl-tolerant mutants of Trichoderma spp. (1988)

Two strains of Trichoderma harzianum and one each of T. koningii, T. polysporum, and T. viride were mutated for tolerance to the fungicide benomyl. Rhizosphere competence index of several mutants of each strain and species was determined by the rhizosphere competence assay. Most of the mutants and not their wild type parents were rhizosphere competent. When the strains and species were grown in Czapek–Dox broth for 6 days with cellulose as sole carbon source, the mutants produced significantly higher dry weight than their parent wild types. Neither the mutants nor the wild types produced biomass in glucose comparable to that in cellulose. Evidence indicates that Trichoderma spp. were induced by mutation to increase their linear growth rate and to become rhizosphere competent. Tolerance to benomyl does not seem to be a necessary attribute of rhizosphere competence.
Enhancement of Thermostability of Firefly Luciferase fromLuciola lateralisby a Single Amino Acid Substitution (1994)

We constructed firefly luciferase mutants from Luciola lateralis in which Ala at position 217 was replaced by each of three hydrophobic amino acid residues (Ile, Leu, and Val). These mutants were superior to the wild-type in thermostability. Especially, the purified Ala217Leu mutant still maintained over 70% of the initial activity after 60 min at 50 degrees C. This mutant is the most thermostable firefly luciferase obtained.
Aptamer‐Based Origami Paper Analytical Device for Electrochemical Detection of Adenosine (2012)

Paper biosensors: An origami sensor is printed on a single piece of paper, folded into a three-dimensional fluidic device, and encapsulated by thermal lamination. Aptamer is trapped in the fluidic channel, where it binds to the target and releases an enzyme to generate a signal. The device is read out using a digital multimeter.
Hot-carrier-reliability design rules for translating device degradation to CMOS digital circuit degradation (1994)

Long term ring-oscillator hot-carrier degradation data and simulation results are compared to demonstrate that a circuit reliability simulator BERT can predict CMOS digital circuit speed degradation from transistor DC stress data. Initial fast degradation is noted and attributed to the "zero crossing" effect caused by PMOSFET current enhancement. Saturation drain current, measured at V/sub gs/=V/sub ds/=Vdd/2, is a better monitor for CMOS circuit hot-carrier reliability. We present generalized hot-carrier-reliability design rules, lifetime and speed factors, that translate DC device lifetime to CMOS digital circuit lifetime. The design rules can roughly predict CMOS circuit degradation during the initial design and can aid reliability engineers to quickly estimate the overall product hot-carrier reliability. The NMOSFET and PMOSFET lifetime factors are found to obey 4/ft/sub rise/ and 10/ft/sub fall/, respectively. Typically, the NMOSFET and PMOSFET speed degradation factors are 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, with saturation region drain current as the monitor while, for a 100 MHz operating frequency and for an input rise time of 0.35 ns, the NMOSFET and PMOSFET lifetime factors are 120 and 300, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Donor-Embedded Nonlinear Optical Side Chain Polyimides Containing No Flexible Tether: Materials of Exceptional Thermal Stability for Electrooptic Applications (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDonor-Embedded Nonlinear Optical Side Chain Polyimides Containing No Flexible Tether: Materials of Exceptional Thermal Stability for Electrooptic ApplicationsR. D. Miller, D. M. Burland, M. Jurich, V. Y. Lee, C. R. Moylan, J. I. Thackara, R. J. Twieg, T. Verbiest, and W. VolksenCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 14, 4970–4974Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00118a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00118a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of cyclin D2 and D3 in lymphoid lesions (1999)

The D-type cyclins, involved in the regulation of G1 progression of the cell cycle, are expressed in a lineage-specific manner. Normal hematopoietic cells express cyclin D2 and/or D3. In order to determine whether their expression pattern changes in lymphoid tumors, we examined cyclin D2 and D3 expression in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid lesions, using a sensitive immunohistochemical amplification method. Centroblasts in lymphoid follicles of reactive lymph nodes expressed exclusively cyclin D3 and no D2. Interfollicular areas contained scattered cyclin D3 and D2 positive cells. By double staining, cyclin D3 was detected in CD79a positive B cells, CD3 positive T cells and CD68 positive macrophages. Cyclin D2 was present only in CD3 positive T cells. Neoplastic lymphoid lesions included 33 B cell lymphomas, 9 T cell lymphomas and 12 Hodgkin's lymphomas. The B cell lymphomas comprised 9 follicular lymphomas (FL), 1 Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 22 diffuse large cell lymphomas (DL) and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All 9 FLs and the single BL expressed exclusively cyclin D3, similarly to germinal center B cells, that represent their cells of origin. Six DLs expressed both cyclin D2 and D3, while 6 expressed only D3. Among the 9 pleomorphic T cell lymphomas, medium and large cell type, 5 expressed cyclin D2. Cyclin D3 was also detected in scattered cells in 4 of 9 cases and was highly expressed in 2 of 9 T cell lymphomas. The majority of Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed both cyclin D2 and D3 in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. The high frequency of positive cells indicates that both cyclins were expressed in the same cells.
Comparative study of intravenous opioid consumption in the postoperative period (2011)

Our study shows that analgesic consumption and post-operative pain scores after SA in C/S decreased, without increase in adverse reactions.
Why do BCL-2 inhibitors work and where should we use them in the clinic? (2017)

Intrinsic apoptosis is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins but the complexity of intra-family interactions makes it challenging to predict cell fate via standard molecular biology techniques. We discuss BCL-2 family regulation and how to determine cells' readiness for apoptosis and anti-apoptotic dependence. Cancer cells often adopt anti-apoptotic defense mechanisms in response to oncogenic stress or anti-cancer therapy. However, by determining their anti-apoptotic addiction, we can use novel BH3 mimetics to overwhelm this apoptotic blockade. We outline the development and uses of these unique anti-apoptotic inhibitors and how to possibly combine them with other anti-cancer agents using dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP) to improve personalized cancer treatment.
64Cu-Labeled Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer (2014)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-recognized target for identification and therapy of a variety of cancers. Here we report five (64)Cu-labeled inhibitors of PSMA, [(64)Cu]3-7, which are based on the lysine-glutamate urea scaffold and utilize a variety of macrocyclic chelators, namely NOTA(3), PCTA(4), Oxo-DO3A(5), CB-TE2A(6), and DOTA(7), in an effort to determine which provides the most suitable pharmacokinetics for in vivo PET imaging. [(64)Cu]3-7 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (60-90%) and purity (>95%). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [(64)Cu]3-7 revealed specific accumulation in PSMA-expressing xenografts (PSMA+ PC3 PIP) relative to isogenic control tumor (PSMA- PC3 flu) and background tissue. The favorable kinetics and high image contrast provided by CB-TE2A chelated [(64)Cu]6 suggest it as the most promising among the candidates tested. That could be due to the higher stability of [(64)Cu]CB-TE2A as compared with [(64)Cu]NOTA, [(64)Cu]PCTA, [(64)Cu]Oxo-DO3A, and [(64)Cu]DOTA chelates in vivo.
Interactions of antimitotic peptides and depsipeptides with tubulin (2002)

Tubulin is the target for an ever increasing number of structurally unusual peptides and depsipeptides isolated from a wide range of organisms. Since tubulin is the subunit protein of microtubules, the compounds are usually potently toxic to mammalian cells. Without exception, these (depsi)peptides disrupt cellular microtubules and prevent spindle formation. This causes cells to accumulate at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle through inhibition of mitosis. In biochemical assays, the compounds inhibit microtubule assembly from tubulin and suppress microtubule dynamics at low concentrations. Most of the (depsi)peptides inhibit the binding of Catharanthus alkaloids to tubulin in a noncompetitive manner, GTP hydrolysis by tubulin, and nucleotide turnover at the exchangeable GTP site on beta-tubulin. In general, the (depsi)peptides induce the formation of tubulin oligomers of aberrant morphology. In all cases tubulin rings appear to be formed, but these rings differ in diameter, depending on the (depsi)peptide present during their formation.
Diversity and genetics in the development of crops. (2010)

This chapter provides an overview on the spread and domestication of crop species and how plants are affected by modern agriculture. It also covers various aspects of plant diversity and its preservation, including the centres of origin, the current status of plant exploration, collection and preservation, and the importance of modern plant breeding and molecular transformation programmes in the development of improved cultivars with higher yield, better quality and enhanced pest resistance.