gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro antagonistic cytotoxic interactions between platinum drugs and taxanes on bone marrow progenitor cell CFU-GM (1999)

We have designed and used an in vitro bone marrow cell culturing system for investigating pharmacodynamic interactions between platinum anti-cancer drugs and taxanes. With this system, in which the bone marrow progenitor cell CFU-GM is proliferating and differentiating into granulocytes and monocytes, we could show a strong antagonistic cytotoxicity of the combination carboplatin and Taxotere, in three different schedules, and of the combination cisplatin and Taxol, in two out of the three schedules tested. Modulation of intracellular platinum drug accumulation in granulocytes and monocytes does not seem to be a plausible explanation for the observed antagonism. In vitro co-incubation of granulocytes/monocytes with the combination carboplatin and Taxotere did not reveal an effect of Taxotere on intracellular platinum accumulation. Although Taxol reduced intracellular cisplatin levels by 12%, this effect was not significantly different from the co-incubation of cisplatin with Cremophor EL, the solvent for paclitaxel in Taxol. The toxicity data obtained in this study seem to be in accordance with recent clinical trials where combination therapies with platinum drugs and taxanes resulted in marked reductions in myelosuppression in patients. Therefore, these types of assays could be useful as to the assessment of bone marrow toxicities of clinically important drug combinations.
Transgenic cotton plants with increased seed oleic acid content (2001)

Abstract Cottonseed typically contains about 15% oleic acid. Here we report the development of transgenic cotton plants with higher seed oleic acid levels. Plants were generated by Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation. A binary vector was designed to suppress expression of the endogenous cottonseed †‐12 desaturase ( fad2 ) by subcloning a mutant allele of a rapeseed fad2 gene downstream from a heterologous, seedspecific promoter (phaseolin). Fatty acid profiles of total seed lipids from 43 independent transgenic lines were analyzed by gas chromatography. Increased seed oleic acid content ranged from 21 to 30% (by weight) of total fatty acid content in 22 of the primary transformants. The increase in oleic acid content was at the expense of linoleic acid, consistent with reduced activity of cottonseed FAD2. Progeny of some lines yielded oleic acid content as high as 47% (three times that of standard cottonseed oil). Molecular analyses of nuclear DNA from transgenics confirmed the integration of the canola transgene into the cotton genome. Collectively, our results extend the metabolic engineering of vegetable oils to cottonseed and should provide the basis for the development of a family of novel cottonseed oils.
An Escherichia coli tyrosine transfer RNA is a leucine-specific transfer RNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1991)

While the Escherichia coli Su-3 (tyrT) tyrosine tRNA suppressor inserts only tyrosine at amber codons in E. coli, we show here that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae this tRNA inserts leucine and no significant amounts of any other amino acid. Thus, the E. coli tyrosine tRNA is functionally a leucine tRNA in yeast cytoplasm. This functional identity may correlate with a structural relationship between the E. coli tyrosine and yeast leucine tRNAs, which are both members of the uncommon type II class of tRNA structures. The results raise the possibility that in evolution a tRNA may be more closely related to a tRNA of different acceptor specificity, but of the same type class, than to one with the same amino acid specificity, but of a different type class.
FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS and DEVICE FABRICATION (2005)

This dissertation will outline solution processable materials and fabrication techniques to manufacture flexible electronic devices from them. Conductive ink formulations and inkjet printing of gold and silver on plastic substrates were examined. Line patterning and mask printing methods were also investigated as a means of selective metal deposition on various flexible substrate materials. These solution-based manufacturing methods provided deposition of silver, gold and copper with a controlled spatial resolution and a very high electrical conductivity. All of these procedures not only reduce fabrication cost but also eliminate the time-consuming production steps to make basic electronic circuit components. Solution processable semiconductor materials and their composite films were also studied in this research. Electrically conductive, ductile, thermally and mechanically stable composite films of polyaniline and sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) were introduced. A simple chemical route was followed to prepare composite films. The electrical conductivity of the films was controlled by changing the weight percent of conductive filler. Temperature dependent DC conductivity studies showed that the Mott three dimensional hopping mechanism can be used to explain the conduction mechanism in composite films. A molecular interaction between polyaniline and sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone) has been proven by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Inkjet printing and line patterning methods also have been used to fabricate polymer resistors and field effect transistors on flexible substrates from poly-3-4-ethyleneoxythiophene/poly-4-sytrensulfonate. Ethylene glycol treatment enhanced the conductivity of line patterned and inkjet printed polymer thin films about 900 and 350 times, respectively. Polymer field effect transistors showed the characteristics of traditional p-type transistors. Inkjet printing technology provided the transfer of semiconductor polymer on to flexible substrates including paper, with high resolution in just seconds.
Wavelength scanning digital interference holography for variable tomographic scanning (2005)

We present a novel technique of variable tomographic scanning capable of reconstructing tomographic images of an object volume along any arbitrarily tilted plane. The method is based on wavelength scanning digital interference holography, using a series of holograms generated with a range of scanned wavelengths. From each hologram, the object field is reconstructed in a number of selected tilted planes. The desired tomographic images are then reconstructed from the numerical superposition of the object fields. Thus the tomographic images can be generated along variable planes without the need for physically repeating the scanning and recording processes. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed concept.
Goodman and Gilman's Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2007)

Put the authority of Goodman & Gilman's in the palm of your hand! 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! ...the most authoritative and trusted source of pharmacological information, has now spawned a portable pocket drug guide...This manual extracts the essential core drug information from the eleventh edition of the parent book, referring the reader to the online version of the parent book for historical aspects, many chemical and clinical details, and additional figures and references. This makes G & G a very useful book. This will be of use to individuals in training or practice in the fields of pharmacy, medicine, nursing, or allied health disciplines where knowledge of drug actions are important...Each chapter provides the core essential information provided in the parent book in a very readable format. Readers can use this easy to handle and read manual for essential information along with the online version of the parent book as a reference for more in-depth specific information on drugs. --Doody's Review Service The Goodman & Gilman Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics offers the renowned content of Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Eleventh Edition, condensed into an ultra-handy, streamlined reference. More than just a pocket drug guide, this indispensable resource offers: A carry-along source of essential fundamental information, with all the authority of Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Eleventh Edition The benefits of the world's leading pharmacology text in a convenient, portable format Comprehensive, yet streamlined and clinically relevant coverage of the pharmacological basis of therapeutics High-yield overview of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the foundations of pharmacology Expert insights into the properties, mechanisms, and uses of all the major drug classes Considerations of vital patient-specific issues
Alterations in chondrocyte cytoskeletal architecture during phenotypic modulation by retinoic acid and dihydrocytochalasin B-induced reexpression. (1988)

The differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes was modulated in primary culture by treatment with 1 microgram/ml retinoic acid (RA) and reexpressed in secondary culture by treatment with the microfilament-disruptive drug dihydrocytochalasin B (DHCB) in the absence of RA. Because the effective dose of DHCB (3 microM) did not elicit detectable cell rounding or retraction, the nature and extent of microfilament modification responsible for induction of reexpression was evaluated. The network of microfilament stress fibers detected with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin in primary control chondrocytes was altered by RA to a "cobblestone" pattern of circularly oriented fibers at the cell periphery. Subsequent treatment with DHCB resulted in rapid changes in this pattern before overt reexpression. Stress fibers decreased in number and were reoriented. Parallel arrays of long fibers that traversed the cell were evident, in addition to fiber fragments and focal condensations of staining. Immunofluorescent staining of intermediate filaments revealed a marked decrease in complexity and intensity during RA treatment but no change during reexpression. An extended microtubular architecture was present throughout the study. These results clearly identify microfilaments as the principal affected cytoskeletal element and demonstrate that their modification, rather than complete disruption, is sufficient for reexpression. The specificity of DHCB and the reorientation of these filaments before reexpression of the differentiated phenotype suggests a causative role in the mechanism of reexpression.
Ultrafine‐Grained Dense Monoclinic and Tetragonal Zirconia (1994)

Nanoparticles of ZrO 2 with diameters ranging from 4 to 8 nm were synthesized by gas condensation. As‐prepared n ‐ZrO 2 particles have a monoclinic and a high‐pressure tetragonal structure depending on size. Pure ZrO 2 was sintered to full density under vacuum at 04 T m within the monoclinic phase field. Final grain sizes in theoretically dense pellets are below 60 nm. By sintering below the monoclinic–tetragonal transition temperature, microcracking was completely avoided. Tetragonal ZrO 2 stabilized with 3 mol% Y 2 O 3 was prepared by interdiffusion of nanoparticles and sintered to near‐theoretical density.
Double Suicide Gene Therapy Augments the Antitumor Activity of a Replication-Competent Lytic Adenovirus through Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Radiosensitization (2000)

Replication-competent adenoviruses may provide a highly efficient means of delivering therapeutic genes to tumors. Previously, we evaluated in vitro a replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5-CD/TKrep) containing a cytosine deaminase (CD)/herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-1 TK) fusion gene that allows lytic viral therapy to be combined with double suicide gene therapy. Both the CD/5-FC and HSV-1 TK/GCV enzyme/prodrug systems enhanced the tumor cell-specific cytopathic effects of the Ad5-CD/TKrep virus in vitro and sensitized cells to radiation. To extend these in vitro findings in vivo, we evaluated the antitumor activity of the Ad5-CD/TKrep virus in combination with double prodrug therapy and radiation therapy. The Ad5-CD/TKrep virus independently demonstrated significant antitumor activity against C33A cervical carcinoma xenografts. Therapeutic outcome was dramatically improved with systemic administration of double, but not single, prodrug (5-FC + GCV) therapy. When used in a neoadjuvant setting, Ad5-CD/TKrep-mediated double suicide gene therapy dramatically potentiated the effectiveness of radiation therapy. The trimodal approach of Ad5-CD/TKrep viral, double suicide gene, and radiotherapies produced significant tumor regression and ultimately 100% tumor cure. The results demonstrate the high therapeutic potential of the trimodal approach and provide a solid foundation for future clinical trials.
Inhibition of growth and survival of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin via modulation of nuclear factor‐κB signaling (2004)

Increased expression of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors are associated with aggressive tumor growth and decreased survival of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In as much as genes that are regulated by nuclear factor NF-kappaB suppress apoptosis, induce proliferation, and mediate inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, agents that suppress NF-kappaB activation have potential as treatment for various cancers including HNSCC. We demonstrate that all HNSCC cell lines expressed constitutively active NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK), which is needed for NF-kappaB activation. Treatment of MDA 686LN cells with curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pharmacologically safe chemopreventive agent, inhibited NF-kappaB activation through abrogation of IKK. As a result expression of various cell survival and cell proliferative genes including Bcl-2, cyclin D1, IL-6, COX-2 and MMP-9 was suppressed. This, in turn, inhibits proliferation of all HNSCC cell lines, arrests cell cycle in G1/S phase (MDA 686LN) and induces apoptosis as indicated by upstream and downstream caspase activation, PARP cleavage, annexin V staining in MDA 686LN cells. Suppression of NF-kappaB by cell-permeable p65-based peptide and NBD peptide also inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cells. Our results indicate that curcumin is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and an inducer of apoptosis in HNSCC through suppression of IKK-mediated NF-kappaB activation and of NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression.
Feasibility, modeling and economics of sequestering power plant CO2 emissions in the deep ocean (1991)

Abstract The capture and disposal of carbon dioxide from the flue gas of fossil‐fueled power plants is technically feasible, albeit it requires a significant fraction of the energy content of the fossil fuel and additional equipment with large capital expenditures. The five processes investigated for capturing CO 2 from the flue gas of coal‐fired power plants are (a) combustion of coal in an atmosphere of oxygen and recycled flue gas; (b) scrubbing the flue gas with a recyclable solvent (monoethanolamine); (c) cryogenic CO 2 fractionation of the flue gas; (d) separation of CO 2 by selective membrane diffusion; and (e) scrubbing of the flue gas with seawater. The captured CO 2 is envisioned to be liquefied at 150 atm, piped to the deep ocean, and released through a diffuser. Model calculations show that with appropriate release conditions the formed CO 2 drops can be completely dissolved in seawater. The process that requires least incremental energy is air separation/flue gas recycling. In this process about 30% of the total energy content of the coal is consumed, and the thermal efficiency of a power plant is reduced from 35% to about 25%. Excluding pipeline and deep water disposal costs, we estimate that electricity production costs will increase by about 80%.
Measurement study and transmission for in-vehicle power line communication (2009)

In-vehicle power line communication (PLC) holds great promises as an enabler of in-vehicle communication without increasing weight, volume, or cost of the wiring harnesses. In this paper, we join a few recent works and present channel measurements for a specific compact car. We discuss and compare our measurement results with those obtained in previous campaigns. Furthermore, we evaluate our measurements from the viewpoint of high connectivity. That is, we are interested in the suitability of PLC for applications that require a reliable link from any node to any other node at any time. Perhaps not surprisingly, we find that advanced transmission techniques such as multihop or frequency diversity are necessary to achieve this goal.
Expression analysis with oligonucleotide microarrays reveals that MYC regulates genes involved in growth, cell cycle, signaling, and adhesion (2000)

MYC affects normal and neoplastic cell proliferation by altering gene expression, but the precise pathways remain unclear. We used oligonucleotide microarray analysis of 6,416 genes and expressed sequence tags to determine changes in gene expression caused by activation of c-MYC in primary human fibroblasts. In these experiments, 27 genes were consistently induced, and 9 genes were repressed. The identity of the genes revealed that MYC may affect many aspects of cell physiology altered in transformed cells: cell growth, cell cycle, adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization. Identified targets possibly linked to MYC's effects on cell growth include the nucleolar proteins nucleolin and fibrillarin, as well as the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A. Among the cell cycle genes identified as targets, the G1 cyclin D2 and the cyclin-dependent kinase binding protein CksHs2 were induced whereas the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) was repressed. A role for MYC in regulating cell adhesion and structure is suggested by repression of genes encoding the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and collagen, and the cytoskeletal protein tropomyosin. A possible mechanism for MYC-mediated apoptosis was revealed by identification of the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein TRAP1 as a MYC target. Finally, two immunophilins, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F and FKBP52, the latter of which plays a role in cell division in Arabidopsis, were up-regulated by MYC. We also explored pattern-matching methods as an alternative approach for identifying MYC target genes. The genes that displayed an expression profile most similar to endogenous Myc in microarray-based expression profiling of myeloid differentiation models were highly enriched for MYC target genes.
NG-methyl-L-arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced hypotension: implications for the involvement of nitric oxide. (1990)

Clinical assessment of the activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against human cancer has been limited by a dose-dependent cardiovascular toxicity, most frequently hypotension. TNF is also thought to mediate the vascular collapse resulting from bacterial endotoxin. The present studies address the mechanism by which TNF causes hypotension and provide evidence for elevated production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator initially characterized as endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nitric oxide is synthesized by several cell types, including endothelial cells and macrophages, from the guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine; the enzymatic pathway is competitively inhibited by NG-methyl-L-arginine. We found that hypotension induced in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs by TNF (10 micrograms/kg, i.v., resulting in a fall in mean systemic arterial pressure from 124.7 +/- 7 to 62.0 +/- 22.9 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133 Pa) was completely reversed within 2 min following administration of NG-methyl-L-arginine (4.4 mg/kg, i.v.). In contrast, NG-methyl-L-arginine failed to reverse the hypotensive response to an equivalent depressor dose of nitroglycerin, a compound that acts by forming nitric oxide by a nonenzymatic, arginine-independent mechanism. The effect of NG-methyl-L-arginine on TNF-induced hypotension was antagonized, and the hypotension restored, by administration of excess L-arginine (100 mg/kg, i.v.). Our findings suggest that excessive nitric oxide production mediates the hypotensive effect of TNF.
Asymmetric syntheses based on 1,3-oxathianes. 1. Scope of the reaction (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric syntheses based on 1,3-oxathianes. 1. Scope of the reactionErnest L. Eliel and Susan Morris-NatschkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 10, 2937–2942Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00322a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00322a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation (1999)

Growth factor induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PKB) leads to increased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This subsequently leads to increased phosphorylation of eIF4E binding protein-1 (4EBP1) and activation of p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (p70S6K), both of which are important steps in the stimulation of protein translation. The stimulation of translation is attenuated in cells deprived of amino acids and this is associated with the attenuation of 4EBP1 phosphorylation and p70S6K activation. It has been suggested that PKB regulates mTOR function by phosphorylation although direct phosphorylation of mTOR by PKB has not been demonstrated previously. In the present work, we have found that PKB directly phosphorylates mTOR and, using phosphospecific antibodies, we have shown this phosphorylation occurs at Ser2448. Insulin also induces phosphorylation on Ser2448 and this effect is blocked by wortmannin but not rapamycin, consistent with the effect being mediated by PKB. Amino-acid starvation rapidly attenuated the reactivity of the Ser2448 phosphospecific antibody with mTOR and this could not be restored by either insulin stimulation of cells or incubation with PKB in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that mTOR is a direct target for PKB and support the conclusion that regulation of phosphorylation of Ser2448 is a point of convergence for the counteracting regulatory effects of growth factors and amino acid levels.
Autocrine motility factor receptor expression associates with tumor progression in thymoma. (2000)

We assessed the autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR/gp78) expression in thymoma. AMFR/gp78 antigen was identified in tumor cells in 16 out of 51 (31.4%) thymomas. The AMFR/gp78 expression was closely associated with the stage (I/II vs. III/IV, p<0.0001), pathological subtypes (epithelial vs. other types, p=0.0214), and enhanced expression of alpha-smooth-muscle actin within stroma (p<0. 0001). The outcome of the patients with AMFR/gp78 expression was significantly worse than for those without it (p<0.01). All initial tumors with recurrence expressed AMFR/gp78. The AMFR/gp78 appears to be involved in tumor progression in thymoma.