gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A conditionally replicative adenovirus with enhanced infectivity shows improved oncolytic potency. (2001)

The absence or the presence of low levels of the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on several tumor types might limit the efficacy of recently proposed tumor-specific or conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds). To address this issue, we used a genetic modification of the fiber knob in the context of an E1A-defective CRAd to allow CAR-independent target cell infection as a means to enhance oncolytic potency. Such infectivity-enhanced CRAd showed higher replication, more efficient infection, and lysis of tumor cells in vitro. Of note, the improved antitumor effect of the fiber-modified CRAd could be demonstrated in vivo. We conclude that the combination of genomic modification to achieve tumor-selective replication and capsid modification to enhance infectivity yields more potent oncolytic adenoviruses for use in cancer treatment.
Immortalization of human fibroblasts transformed by origin-defective simian virus 40. (1987)

Simian virus 40 (SV40)-mediated transformation of human diploid fibroblasts has provided an effective experimental system for studies of both "senescence" in cell culture and carcinogenesis. Previous interpretations may have been complicated, however, by the semipermissive virus-cell interaction. In earlier studies, we previously demonstrated that the human diploid fibroblast line HS74 can be efficiently transformed by DNA from replication-defective mutants of SV40 containing a deletion in the viral origin for DNA synthesis (SVori-). In the current study, we found that such SVori- transformants show a significantly increased life span in culture, as compared with either HS74 or an independent transformant containing an intact viral genome, but they nonetheless undergo senescence. We have clonally isolated six immortalized derivatives of one such transformant (SV/HF-5). Growth studies indicate that the immortalized cell lines do not invariably grow better than SV/HF-5 or HS74. Genetic studies involving karyotypic analysis and Southern analysis of integrated viral sequences demonstrated both random and nonrandom alterations. All immortalized derivatives conserved one of the two copies of SV40 sequences which expressed a truncated T antigen. These cloned SV40-transformed cell lines, pre- and postimmortalization, should be useful in defining molecular changes associated with immortalization.
Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. (1990)

Molecular structures and sequences are generally more revealing of evolutionary relationships than are classical phenotypes (particularly so among microorganisms). Consequently, the basis for the definition of taxa has progressively shifted from the organismal to the cellular to the molecular level. Molecular comparisons show that life on this planet divides into three primary groupings, commonly known as the eubacteria, the archaebacteria, and the eukaryotes. The three are very dissimilar, the differences that separate them being of a more profound nature than the differences that separate typical kingdoms, such as animals and plants. Unfortunately, neither of the conventionally accepted views of the natural relationships among living systems--i.e., the five-kingdom taxonomy or the eukaryote-prokaryote dichotomy--reflects this primary tripartite division of the living world. To remedy this situation we propose that a formal system of organisms be established in which above the level of kingdom there exists a new taxon called a "domain." Life on this planet would then be seen as comprising three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya, each containing two or more kingdoms. (The Eucarya, for example, contain Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and a number of others yet to be defined). Although taxonomic structure within the Bacteria and Eucarya is not treated herein, Archaea is formally subdivided into the two kingdoms Euryarchaeota (encompassing the methanogens and their phenotypically diverse relatives) and Crenarchaeota (comprising the relatively tight clustering of extremely thermophilic archaebacteria, whose general phenotype appears to resemble most the ancestral phenotype of the Archaea.
Contributions of High Mobility Group Box Protein in Experimental and Clinical Acute Lung Injury (2004)

This study was performed to examine the putative role of high mobility group box (HMGB) protein in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Observations were made (1) in 21 patients who were septic with ALI and 15 patients with normal lung function and (2) in a mouse model 24 hours after intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentrations of HMGB1 were increased in plasma and lung epithelial lining fluid of patients with ALI and mice instilled with LPS. LPS-induced ALI was mitigated by anti-HMGB1 antibody. Although this protein was not detected in the plasma of control humans or mice, the concentrations of HMGB1 in lung epithelial lining fluid or in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were unexpectedly high. The nuclear expression of HMGB1 was apparent in epithelial cells surrounding terminal bronchioles in normal mice, whereas its nuclear and cytoplasmic expression was observed in alveolar macrophages in LPS-instilled mice. Lung instillation of HMGB2 did not cause as much inflammation as HMGB1. Extracellular HMGB1 may play a key role in the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental ALI. However, its expression in normal airways is noteworthy and suggests that it also plays a physiologic role in the lung.
Incidence of Pneumococcal Disease Due to Non–Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) Serotypes in the United States during the Era of Widespread PCV7 Vaccination, 1998–2004 (2007)

The incidence of pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes is increasing. Ongoing surveillance is needed to monitor the magnitude of disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes, to ensure that future vaccines target the appropriate serotypes.
Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is anchored in the viral membrane by a hydrophobic domain near the COOH terminus (1980)

We have determined the COOH-terminal and NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequences of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G). A sequence of 122 COOH-terminal amino acids was deduced from the complete sequence of a cloned DNA insert carrying 470 nucleotides derived from the 3' end of the G mRNA. Evidence presented indicates that this portion of the polypeptide includes the domains of G that reside inside the virion and span the lipid bilayer of the virion. This seems clear because a partial amino acid sequence of a fragment of G that remains associated with the membrane of the virion after exhaustive proteolytic digestions can be located unambiguously in the predicted sequence. This predicted sequence contains an uninterrupted hydrophobic domain beginning 49 amino acids and ending 30 amino acids from the COOH terminus. This region presumably spans the lipid bilayer. The COOH-terminal portion of 29 amino acids contains a high proportion of basic residues and resides inside the virion. The COOH-terminal portion of the VSV G protein therefore resembles in structure that of glycophorin, an erythrocyte membrane protein well characterized previously. The configuration of G in the viral membrane demonstrated here is probably similar for other viral glycoproteins, although this has not been tested as directly in any other case. From the sequence of a DNA primer extended on the RNA genome from the adjacent M protein gene into the G protein gene, we have deduced an NH(2)-terminal G protein sequence of 53 amino acids, including the leader sequence of 16 amino acids. Our sequence confirms, extends, and corrects two partial amino acid sequences reported for this region previously.
4'-Substituted nucleosides. 4. Synthesis of some 4'-hydroxymethyl nucleosides (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4'-Substituted nucleosides. 4. Synthesis of some 4'-hydroxymethyl nucleosidesRaymond D. Youssefyeh, Julien P. H. Verheyden, and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 8, 1301–1309Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01322a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01322a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1653Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways. (1992)

Temperature monitoring may facilitate radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways. By adjusting power output to ensure that adequate but not excessive temperatures have been achieved, a rise in impedance can be avoided and the total number of energy applications and procedure duration may be reduced.
Z/EG, a double reporter mouse line that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein upon cre‐mediated excision (2000)

Summary: The Cre/loxP system has become an important tool in designing postintegrational switch mechanisms for transgenes in mice. The power and spectrum of application of this system depends on transgenic mouse lines that provide Cre recombinase activity with a defined cell type-, tissue-, or developmental stage-specificity. We have developed a novel mouse line that acts as a Cre reporter. The mice, designated Z/EG (lacZ/EGFP), express lacZ throughout embryonic development and adult stages. Cre excision, however, removes the lacZ gene, which activates expression of the second reporter, enhanced green fluorescent protein. We have found that the double-reporter Z/EG line is able to indicate the occurrence of Cre excision from early embryonic to adult lineages. The advantage of the Z/EG line is that Cre-mediated excision can be monitored in live samples and that live cells with Cre-mediated excision can be isolated using a single-step FACS. It will be a valuable reagent for the increasing number of investigators taking advantage of the powerful tools provided by the Cre/loxP site-specific recombinase system. genesis 28:147–155, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION AND CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN THE BEAUFORT CHANNEL, NORTH CAROLINA1 (1966)

A yearlong study was conducted on phytoplankton at the mouth of a shallow estuary. Photosynthesis had a pronounced seasonal cycle, without major irregularities, that followed the cycle in water temperature. Gross photosynthesis at the surface ranged from 0.12 to 0.72 mg C day −1 . Daily photosynthesis at 50, 25, and 10% of surface illumination averaged 104, 85, and 58% of the surface value. Respiration ranged from 0.01 to 0.29 mg C liter −1 day −1 and averaged 40% of surface gross photosynthesis. Annual gross production was 113 g C/m 2 for a 1.0 m water column (average depth of the estuary) and 225 g C/m 2 for the entire euphotic zone. Annual respiration was 0.39 g C/m 3 . This low production was ascribed to shallowness and turbidity. The phytoplankton was chiefly nannoplankton (centric diatoms) and averaged 2 × 10 6 cells/liter. Nannoplankton also contained most of the chlorophyll a and produced most of the respiration and photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a ranged from 2.0 to 9.3 µ g/liter, and averaged 3.6 µ g/liter from June to October (the period of high water temperatures and high production) and 4.8 µ g/liter the remainder of the year. The ratio of photosynthesis to chlorophyll a (at the surface during daylight hours) ranged from 1.9 to 19.8 mg C (mg Chl a ) −1 hr −1 and followed water temperature. Values were predicted by the equation: urn:x-wiley:00243590:media:lno19661110073:lno19661110073-math-0001 yielding a Q 10 of 2.25 for the ratio of photosynthesis to chlorophyll a .
A very high throughput fully hardwired CABAC decoder (2009)

Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) in H.264/AVC can achieve high compression ratio at the expense of high computational complexity. We have previously proposed a fully hardwired CABAC decoder that supports real-time QFHD (4×1080HD) decoding at maximum bit rate of 80 Mbps. For higher end applications, we analyze the bin distribution of each syntax element (SE) type and the performance of our previous work. The analysis results show that mvd SEs account for significant amount of bins and get-neighbor (GN) process degrades the utilization of arithmetic engine (AE). Therefore, we propose three methods to speed up mvd decoding and increase AE utilization. For mvd SEs, we employ a two-bin arithmetic engine (TBAE) to decode two mvd bins per cycle. To increase AE utilization, we reduce the cycle-count of the GN process and propose a prediction method to perform AE and GN in parallel. Experimental results show that our new CABAC decoder gives 45% throughput improvement and is capable of decoding QFHD video at maximum bit rate of 221 Mbps when running at 238 MHz.
Towards gene therapy of cystic fibrosis. (1998)

Numerous gene mutations associated with hereditary disorders have been identified. In cystic fibrosis the hereditary defect is attributed to mutations in one single gene, the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Conventional therapies of CF have dramatically increased the life expectancy of afflicted individuals. However, the ultimate incurability of this disease calls for novel and better therapeutic strategies. As cystic fibrosis is believed to be caused by mutations in one single gene, it has appeared to be the ideal candidate for one of the most tempting approaches in clinical therapy, namely gene therapy. Laboratory protocols for the introduction of genes into various tissues have been developed and applied over the last 15 years. The ease of gene transfer under laboratory conditions gave rise to the hope that rapid advances in gene transfer protocols under clinical settings could be achieved as well. 20 clinical trials of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis have been initiated using viral and non-viral vectors for gene transfer (Marcel and David Grausz 1997). The outcome of the CF gene therapy studies as well as of those for other diseases have clearly demonstrated that gene transfer and gene therapy in humans is a much more complex and challenging task than originally thought. Still, the encouraging results achieved in animal models and the rapid progress in vector technology justify the hope that the novel genetic therapies will be applied successfully to the benefit of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis.
The Tet Offensive: A Concise History (2008)

The Tet Offensive: A Concise History. By James H. Willbanks. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007. 272 pages. $29.50. James Willbanks, a retired Army officer and military historian, is Director of the Department of Military History at the US Army Command and General Staff College and the author of two previous books on the Vietnam War, one being his timely 2004 volume, Abandoning Vietnam. Detailing persuasive arguments for why Vietnamization failed, Abandoning Vietnam was published at a time in the Iraq conflict when it appeared Washington was hurtling toward another Vietnam-like disaster by contemplating the implementation of a rapid withdrawal. Advocates of this strategy advised that the way out of America's dilemma in Iraq was to train and withdraw, the sooner, the better. This advice to hastily Iraqify the war and pull out, journalist Bob Woodward recently contended, came from Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Admiral Michael Mullen and the commander in Iraq at the time, General George Casey, in the wake of growing frustrations with and lack of public support for the apparently never-ending maelstrom of violence in faction-tom Iraq. Professor Willbanks's account of the Vietnamization debacle indirectly raised the specter of a repeat performance by Washington related to Iraq. Thanks to the Surge and a single-minded President who refused to accept less than victory, this strategy was averted. With The Tet Offensive, Willbanks has once again produced a volume that, while focusing on wartime events occurring some 40 years ago, has particular relevance. The author's recounting of the offensive and associated issues is brief (122 pages of text), but well-documented (130 pages of appendices, including source notes, a useful Chronology, Glossary, 33 pages of reproduced documents, Bibliography, and Index). For anyone interested in probing and learning from the Tet Offensive but overwhelmed with the plethora of sources, Willbanks's volume is certainly the most up-to-date and helpful starting point known to this reviewer. Willbanks organizes his work into two parts. Part I, Historical Overview, is a vivid, concise, and eminently readable recounting of the attacks that comprised the Tet Offensive, including battles in Saigon, Khe Sanh, and Hue, as well as the nationwide onslaughts by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong units. Part II is an engaging examination of the Issues and Interpretations spawned by the offensive and contains well-written and stimulating discussions of topics such as Hanoi's motivations and objectives in launching the attacks, analysis of the offensive as an intelligence failure, the controversy regarding mass executions in Hue, Hanoi's rationale for besieging Khe Sanh (as a diversion or a serious attempt to achieve another Dien Bien Phu?), and the role of the media during and following Hanoi's election-year gambit. …
Autocrine stimulation after transfer of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene and autonomous growth are distinct but interdependent steps in the oncogenic pathway. (1987)

Autocrine stimulation of cells by aberrant synthesis of growth factor may lead to malignant transformation, either as a direct consequence of endogenous factor production or as a first step of a series of successive events. Introduction of the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA clone into a vector based on the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus allowed efficient transfer and expression of GM-CSF in factor-dependent myeloid cell lines (FDC-P1 and FDC-P2). Factor-independent growth was acquired when the vector was introduced into the GM-CSF-responsive FDC-P1 cell line but not the multi-CSF-dependent FDC-P2 line. Nonlinear clonability in the absence of exogenous growth factor and growth inhibition by GM-CSF antiserum support a model of autocrine stimulation that requires interaction of factor and receptor at the outer membrane. However, many, but not all, infected FDC-P1 cells acquired subsequently a second mutation that abrogated the requirement of GM-CSF secretion and external interaction. The nature of the second step, which presumably leads to tumorigenicity of these cells, is not well understood, but its frequency could be correlated with the level of GM-CSF released by an individual cell clone.
The Positive Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of Evodiamine and Rutaecarpine, Indoloquinazoline Alkaloids Isolated from the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa, on the Guinea-Pig Isolated Right Atria: Possible Involvement of Vanilloid Receptors (2001)

Cardiotonic effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine, constituents of the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham Rutaceae, were evaluated on guinea pig isolated atria. Comparison with capsaicin, a vanilloid receptor agonist, revealed similar positive inotropic and chronotropic activity, as judged from antagonistic effects of the competitive vanilloid receptor (capsaicin receptor) antagonist capsazepine, the non-competitive vanilloid receptor antagonist ruthenium red, the calcitonin gene related peptide antagonist CGRP(8-37), the P2X purinoceptor antagonist PPADS, and various desensitization studies. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine produced transient positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the guinea-pig isolated atria, followed by a desensitizing effect to additional administration. Dose-response relationships for evodiamine, rutaecarpine and capsaicin were obtained. All the compounds evoked positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal contractions for evodiamine, rutaecarpine and capsaicin were observed at concentrations of 1 microM, 3 microM and 0.3 microM, respectively. The cardiotonic responses evoked by both evodiamine and rutaecarpine were shifted to the right by capsazepine, an established antagonist of vanilloid receptor (capsaicin-receptor). The effects of both evodiamine (1 microM) and rutaecarpine (3 microM) were abolished by pretreatment with a desensitizing dosage of capsaicin (1 microM), developing cross-tachyphylaxis between these compounds. The effects of evodiamine (1 microM), rutaecarpine (3 microM) and capsaicin (0.3 microM) were also significantly reduced by pretreatment with ruthenium red (10 microM) and CGRP (8-37) (10 microM). The effects of evodiamine, rutaecarpine and capsaicin were not affected by pretreatment with PPADS (100 microM), a highly selective P2X purinoceptor antagonist, and the possibility of the involvement of the P2X purinoceptor was excluded. These results suggest that the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the guinea-pig isolated right atria induced by both evodiamine and rutaecarpine could be attributed to their interaction with vanilloid receptors and the resultant release of CGRP, a cardiotonic neurotransmitter, from capsaicin-sensitive nerves as with capsaicin.
Comparative Assessment of Intestinal Transport of Hydrophilic Drugs Between Small Intestine and Large Intestine (1997)

Intestinal passive transport of several hydrophilic drugs (and probe compounds) was examined in the large intestine (colon), in comparison with that in the small intestine, in an effort to obtain basic information for developing rational colonic drug delivery strategies. The drugs tested were polyethylene glycol (PEG 900), L-glucose, D-xylose, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and urea. In everted intestinal sacs, the uptake of every drug was larger in the small intestine than in the large intestine, although by various extents. The uptake of urea was larger than those of D-xylose and L-glucose in both the small intestine and large intestine and associated with a larger large intestine (LI)/small intestine (SI) uptake ratio. Assuming that passive transport via the paracellular route (or aqueous pore) is predominant for them, the large intestine may have smaller paracellular (or aqueous) pores, restricting the transport of those monosaccharides compared with smaller molecules such as urea by a larger extent in the large intestine than in the small intestine. The passive transport of 5-FU was significantly larger than those of the monosaccharides in both the small intestine and large intestine and associated with a larger LI/SI uptake ratio, even though 5-FU has a molecular weight close to that of the monosaccharides. 5-FU may be transported predominantly by transcellular diffusion, because its oil-to-water partition coefficient is about 200 times larger than those of the monosaccharides. Although transport mechanisms, including transport pathways, are yet to be fully clarified, drugs with physicochemical properties similar to those of 5-FU or urea may be more feasible for colonic drug delivery than those with physicochemical properties similar to those of monosaccharides.