gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity within Order in Crystals of a Porous Metal–Organic Framework (2011)

Generally, crystals of synthetic porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are commonly made up from one kind of repeating pore structure which predominates the whole material. Surprisingly, little is known about how to introduce heterogeneously arranged pores within a crystal of homogeneous pores without losing the crystalline nature of the material. Here, we outline a strategy for producing crystals of MOF-5 in which a system of meso- and macropores either permeates the whole crystal to make sponge-like crystals or is entirely enclosed by a thick crystalline microporous MOF-5 sheath to make pomegranate-like crystals. These new forms of crystals represent a new class of materials in which micro-, meso-, and macroporosity are juxtaposed and are directly linked unique arrangements known to be useful in natural systems but heretofore unknown in synthetic crystals.
Calculation of Volterra Kernels for Solutions of Nonlinear Differential Equations (2000)

We consider vector-valued autonomous differential equations of the form x' = f(x) + \varphi$ with analytic f and investigate the nonanticipative solution operator $\varphi \mapsto x = A(\varphi)$ in terms of its Volterra series. We show that Volterra kernels of order > 1 occurring in the series expansion of the solution operator A are continuous functions, and establish recurrence relations between the kernels allowing their explicit calculation. A practical tensor calculus is provided for the finite-dimensional case. In addition to analytically calculating the kernels, we present an algorithm to numerically obtain them from the output x(t) through sampling the input space by linear combinations of delta functions. We call this "differential sampling." It is a nonlinear analogue of the classical method of impulse response. We prove a continuity theorem stating that, in the finite-dimensional case, approximate delta functions give rise to approximate Volterra kernels and that continuity holds in the sense of weak convergence. Finally, we discuss a practical implementation of differential sampling and relate it to the Wiener method.
Regulation of the Lck SH2 Domain by Tyrosine Phosphorylation (1996)

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains bind to phosphotyrosine (Tyr(P)) residues in specific sequence contexts in other proteins and thereby mediate tyrosine phosphorylationdependent protein-protein interactions. The SH2 domain of the Src family kinase Lck is phosphorylated at tyrosine 192 in T cells upon T cell antigen receptor triggering. We have studied the consequences of this phosphorylation on the properties of the SH2 domain and on the function of Lck in T cell activation. We report that phosphorylation at Tyr192 reduced the capacity of the isolated SH2 domain to bind a high affinity peptide ligand and Tyr(P)-containing cellular proteins. This effect was mimicked by mutation of Tyr192 to an acidic residue. In intact T cells, where Lck participates in T cell antigen receptor signal transduction in an SH2 domain-dependent manner, phosphorylation of Tyr192 correlated with reduced downstream signaling. Our results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of the SH2 domain of Lck terminates its high affinity binding to ligands, thereby negatively regulating its participation in T cell antigen receptor signaling. This represents a novel mechanism for the regulation of the function of SH2 domains.
Influence of Addition of AlF3 on Thermal Decomposition of Gibbsite and Phase Transition of the Intermediate Alumina to .ALPHA.-Al2O3 (2007)

The addition of aluminum fluoride to gibbsite retarded the phase change to boehmite by chemisorption of hydrogen fluoride on gibbsite particles. In the specimen with addition of aluminum fluoride, the spinel type phase transformed directly to α-Al2O3, without passing through κ- and θ-Al2O3 phases. The formed α-Al2O3 consisted of clear, hexagonal plate-like particles about 1 μm, Without taking over a relic of the gibbsite particle. The formation of automorphic crystals suggests that a surface diffusion also contributes to the mechanism of this material transport in addition to the vapor phase transport.
Using genetic markers to orient the edges in quantitative trait networks: The NEO software (2008)

The NEO software can be used to orient the edges of gene co-expression networks or quantitative trait networks if the edges can be anchored to genetic marker data. R software tutorials, data, and supplementary material can be downloaded from: http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/labs/horvath/aten/NEO.
Amelogenin: extracellular matrix protein for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds (2010)

How chronic wounds differ from acute wounds Chronic wounds differ from acute wounds in that they suffer from an imbalance at
Photochemical degradation of flavines. VI. New photoproduct and its use in studying the photolytic mechanism (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical degradation of flavines. VI. New photoproduct and its use in studying the photolytic mechanismDavid E. Metzler and William L. CairnsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 11, 2772–2777Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00740a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00740a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural evidence that complement factor B constitutes a novel class of serine protease. (1980)

The 28,000-dalton COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of complement factor B was isolated disulfide bonded to a second polypeptide of Mr = 3,500. The amino acid sequence of the smaller peptide, CB2-3, and 51 of 55 NH2-terminal residues of the larger peptide, CB2-2, were determined on an automated sequenator. CB2-2 exhibited extensive homology in its primary structure to the known serine proteases and included the sequence, Ala-Ala-His-Cys, which is part of the active site of these enzymes. By contrast, CB2-3 demonstrated only limited sequence identity with the NH2 terminus of the serine proteases. Mild acid hydrolysis was employed to further cleave CB2-2 into fragments of Mr = 20,000 and 8,000. On analysis the 8,000-dalton peptide was observed to contain the active site serine sequence, Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro. The data, therefore, clearly document that factor B is also a serine protease, although its mechanism of activation differs from this class of proteolytic enzymes.
Untangling the Genetic Basis of Fibrolytic Specialization by Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in Diverse Gut Communities (2013)

The Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae are two of the most abundant families from the order Clostridiales found in the mammalian gut environment, and have been associated with the maintenance of gut health. While they are both diverse groups, they share a common role as active plant degraders. By comparing the genomes of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae with the Clostridiaceae, a more commonly free-living group, we identify key carbohydrate-active enzymes, sugar transport mechanisms, and metabolic pathways that distinguish these two commensal groups as specialists for the degradation of complex plant material.
Dynamical disease : mathematical analysis of human illness (1995)

Partial Contents: disease: Identification, temporal aspects and treatment strategies. Dynamic diseases in neurology and psychiatry. Tremor: Is Parkinson's disease a dynamical disease? Characterizing the dynamics of auditory perception. Quantitative analysis of heart rate variability. A basic mathematical model of the immune response. Dynamical confinement in neural networks and cell cycle.
Flexible, low-temperature, solution processed ZnO-based perovskite solid state solar cells (2013)

A ZnO compact layer formed by electrodeposition and ZnO nanorods grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) allow the processing of low-temperature, solution based and flexible solid state perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. Conversion efficiencies of 8.90% were achieved on rigid substrates while the flexible ones yielded 2.62%.
Proteomic Analysis of Sputum from Adults and Children with Cystic Fibrosis and from Control Subjects (2005)

We identified extensive protein degradation and differentially expressed proteins as biomarkers of inflammation relating to pulmonary exacerbations. Prediction of exacerbation onset and more precise evaluation of the extent of resolution with treatment could be achieved by including biomarkers in standard assessment.
Nanostructured polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2009)

The structural features of tissue engineering scaffolds affect cell response and must be engineered to support cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The scaffold acts as an interim synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) that cells interact with prior to forming a new tissue. In this review, bone tissue engineering is used as the primary example for the sake of brevity. We focus on nanofibrous scaffolds and the incorporation of other components including other nanofeatures into the scaffold structure. Since the ECM is comprised in large part of collagen fibers, between 50 and 500 nm in diameter, well-designed nanofibrous scaffolds mimic this structure. Our group has developed a novel thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process in which a solution of biodegradable polymer is cast into a porous scaffold, resulting in a nanofibrous pore-wall structure. These nanoscale fibers have a diameter (50-500 nm) comparable to those collagen fibers found in the ECM. This process can then be combined with a porogen leaching technique, also developed by our group, to engineer an interconnected pore structure that promotes cell migration and tissue ingrowth in three dimensions. To improve upon efforts to incorporate a ceramic component into polymer scaffolds by mixing, our group has also developed a technique where apatite crystals are grown onto biodegradable polymer scaffolds by soaking them in simulated body fluid (SBF). By changing the polymer used, the concentration of ions in the SBF and by varying the treatment time, the size and distribution of these crystals are varied. Work is currently being done to improve the distribution of these crystals throughout three-dimensional scaffolds and to create nanoscale apatite deposits that better mimic those found in the ECM. In both nanofibrous and composite scaffolds, cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation improved when compared to control scaffolds. Additionally, composite scaffolds showed a decrease in incidence of apoptosis when compared to polymer control in bone tissue engineering. Nanoparticles have been integrated into the nanostructured scaffolds to deliver biologically active molecules such as growth and differentiation factors to regulate cell behavior for optimal tissue regeneration.
Learning Methods for Recovering 3D Human Pose from Monocular Images (2004)

We describe a learning based method for recovering 3D human body pose from single images and monocular image sequences. Our approach requires neither an explicit body model nor prior labelling of body parts in the image. Instead, it recovers pose by direct nonlinear regression against shape descriptor vectors extracted automatically from image silhouettes. For robustness against local silhouette segmentation errors, silhouette shape is encoded by histogram-of-shape-contexts descriptors. We evaluate several different regression methods: ridge regression, Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) regression and Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression over both linear and kernel bases. The RVMs provide much sparser regressors without compromising performance, and kernel bases give a small but worthwhile improvement in performance. Loss of depth and limb labelling information often makes the recovery of 3D pose from single silhouettes ambiguous. We propose two solutions to this: the first embeds the method in a tracking framework, using dynamics from the previous state estimate to disambiguate the pose; the second uses a mixture of regressors framework to return multiple solutions for each silhouette. We show that the resulting system tracks long sequences stably, and is also capable of accurately reconstructing 3D human pose from single images, giving multiple possible solutions in ambiguous cases. For realism and good generalization over a wide range of viewpoints, we train the regressors on images resynthesized from real human motion capture data. The method is demonstrated on a 54-parameter full body pose model, both quantitatively on independent but similar test data, and qualitatively on real image sequences. Mean angular errors of 4-5 degrees are obtained - a factor of 3 better than the current state of the art for the much simpler upper body problem.
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 and latent membrane protein independently transactivate p53 through induction of NF-kappaB activity (1996)

B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is dependent on permanent control of the cellular processes which normally regulate cell division and apoptosis, functions possessed by p53 in a number of normal cell types. In studies initiated to evaluate relationships between EBV latent genes and p53, p53 levels were found to increase approximately 10-fold 4 to 5 days after EBV infection of purified resting human B cells; the induced p53 was transcriptionally active. Latent membrane protein 1 and, to a lesser extent, EBV nuclear antigen 2 mediated the increase in p53 levels via activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor.
Telomere Dynamics in Human Cells Reprogrammed to Pluripotency (2009)

While these results reveal some heterogeneity in the reprogramming process with respect to telomere length, human somatic cells reprogrammed to pluripotency generally displayed elongated telomeres that suggest that they will not age prematurely when isolated from subjects of essentially any age.
Combined TIM-3 blockade and CD137 activation affords the long-term protection in a murine model of ovarian cancer (2013)

To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the effects of anti-TIM-3/CD137 combined mAb in a murine ovarian cancer model, and our results may aid the design of future trials for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
Parallel and Distributed Haskells (2002)

Parallel and distributed languages specify computations on multiple processors and have a computation language to describe the algorithm, i.e. what to compute, and a coordination language to describe how to organise the computations across the processors. Haskell has been used as the computation language for a wide variety of parallel and distributed languages, and this paper is a comprehensive survey of implemented languages. We outline parallel and distributed language concepts and classify Haskell extensions using them. Similar example programs are used to illustrate and contrast the coordination languages, and the comparison is facilitated by the common computation language. A lazy language is not an obvious choice for parallel or distributed computation, and we address the question of why Haskell is a common functional computation language.
Targeting in the gastrointestinal tract: new approaches. (1991)

Most drug products are administered via the alimentary canal; prominent are the dosage forms which are swallowed, i.e., p.o. dosage forms, followed by those administered within the oral and the rectal cavities. The innermost surface of the alimentary canal is the epithelial lining which is void of keratinized superficial layers. The epithelium at both ends of the canal, i.e., oral cavity and esophagus, and anal canal is a multilayered (20-50 layers) stratified squamous epithelium, whereas that of the rest of the canal, i.e., gaster, small and large intestine and rectum is a single layer of columnar cells. The drainage is via both venous blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels. Blood drainage from the oral cavity and the lower end of the rectum is directly into systemic circulation via the vena cava. From the GI tract, however, the blood quantitatively passes through the portal vein and liver, hence is available for first-pass effect prior to entering systemic circulation. Targeting can be approached from two angles: 1) to exert the pharmacologic response at a specific site, or 2) to utilize a specific site for drug absorption. Targeting utilizes the anatomic, histologic, physiologic and biochemical features of various segments within the alimentary canal, paired with the design of special drug delivery systems or devices, and the use of special vehicle substances, such as polymers, bioadhesives, sorption promoters, or chemical modification (pro-drug) of the active moiety. Numerous examples of new types of drug delivery systems are presented. Many novel drug delivery systems discussed are still in experimental stage and evaluation, or even in the conceptual stage. However, it is anticipated that they all will contribute to further advancement in optimizing drug therapy.
Toward alternative metrics of journal impact: A comparison of download and citation data (2005)

We generated networks of journal relationships from citation and download data, and determined journal impact rankings from these networks using a set of social network centrality metrics. The resulting journal impact rankings were compared to the ISI IF. Results indicate that, although social network metrics and ISI IF rankings deviate moderately for citation-based journal networks, they differ considerably for journal networks derived from download data. We believe the results represent a unique aspect of general journal impact that is not captured by the ISI IF. These results furthermore raise questions regarding the validity of the ISI IF as the sole assessment of journal impact, and suggest the possibility of devising impact metrics based on usage information in general.
A word-recognition task in multitalker babble using a descending presentation mode from 24 dB to 0 dB signal to babble (2003)

A speech-in-multitalker-babble test instrument was developed for use in a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) multicenter study examining the effects of hearing loss on self-perceived quality of life. Word recognition in quiet and in multitalker babble was measured on 24 listeners with normal hearing and 24 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. The protocol involved the presentation of 10 monosyllabic words (each in a unique babble segment) at each of seven signal-to-babble (S/B) ratios from 24 dB to 0 dB, with the babble fixed at 60 dB HL (hearing loss). Word recognition in quiet at 60 dB and 80 dB HL for both groups was >90% correct. Two trials on the task were conducted. In babble, the 50% correct points were at 4.1 dB and 9.4 dB S/B for the listeners with normal hearing and hearing loss, respectively, with the 90th percentile for the listeners with normal hearing at 6 dB S/B. Twenty-two of the twenty-four listeners with hearing loss had 50% correct points outside of the 90th percentile for listeners with normal hearing. Test-retest reliability was excellent.
[The enhancing effect of calcium ionophore A23187 on the accessory function of mouse dendritic cells]. (1991)

In this paper, the immunoregulatory effects of calcium ionophore A23187 on the accessory function of mouse spleen dendritic cells (DC) in primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (1.MLR) and oxidative mitogenesis are reported. A23187 had a direct enhancing effect on DC. When pretreated with 0.5-1 mumol/L A23187 for 6-8 h, the accessory activity of DC was twice as high as that of the control. This is circumstantial evidence indicating an up-regulation of activity mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and PKC activation.
Intracellular cystine loading inhibits transport in the rabbit proximal convoluted tubule. (1990)

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a high intracellular cystine concentration. To establish an in vitro model of this disorder and examine the mechanism of the proximal tubule transport defect seen with elevated intracellular cystine concentrations, rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) were perfused in vitro. PCTs were loaded with cystine using cystine dimethyl ester, a permeative methyl ester derivative. Bath cystine dimethyl ester (0.5 mM) reduced volume absorption (Jv) (0.67 +/- 0.07 to 0.15 +/- 0.09 nl/mm.min, P less than 0.01), bicarbonate transport (JTCO2) (47.2 +/- 4.9 to 11.1 +/- 2.8 pmol/mm.min, P less than 0.001) and glucose transport (JGLU) (34.1 +/- 1.5 to 19.7 +/- 1.5 pmol/mm.min, P less than 0.001). The methyl esters of leucine (0.5 mM), and tryptophan (0.5 and 2.0 mM) had no effect on these parameters. To examine if intracellular reduction of cystine to cysteine could contribute to the inhibition in transport, the effect of bath cysteine methyl ester on proximal tubular transport was examined. Bath cysteine methyl ester (2 but not 0.5 mM) resulted in an inhibition in Jv, JGLU, and JTCO2. Cystine dimethyl ester had no effect on mannitol or bicarbonate permeability. These data are consistent with intracellular proximal tubular cystine accumulation resulting in an inhibition of active transport.