gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncostatin M Is a Potent Stimulator of α1-Antitrypsin Secretion in Lung Epithelial Cells: Modulation by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interferon-γ (1998)

alpha1-Antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) plays a key role in lung homeostasis. Although the hepatocyte is considered as the primary source of alpha1-AT, we have previously demonstrated that rat alveolar epithelial type II cells as well as the human A549 cell line synthesize alpha1-AT, suggesting its local production within the lung. In the present study, we showed that oncostatin M, as opposed to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or IL-6, is a potent stimulator of alpha1-AT synthesis in the human A549 cell line. The oncostatin M-induced alpha1-AT secretion is modulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) at both the protein and mRNA levels. IFN-gamma decreases oncostatin M-induced alpha1-AT secretion. By contrast, TGF-beta in combination with oncostatin M induces a dramatic and synergistic upregulation that is not observed in the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line. Our results suggest that during an inflammatory process, alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to the antiprotease defense within the lung.
Synthesis of Fluorenebisphenoxy Derivatives by Acid-sulfur Compound Catalyzed Condensation Reaction (1998)

Abstract An efficient method for the synthesis of fluorenebisphenoxy derivatives from fluorenone and phenoxy compounds is successfully performed by the combined use of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst and 3-mercaptopropionic acid as co-catalyst. Several fluorenebisphenoxy derivatives are obtained in good yields by this one-step reaction.
Heat shock proteins as immunological carriers and vaccines (1996)

HSPs are among the major targets of the immune response to bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens. The antigenic nature of HSPs is emphasized by evidence that mammals are capable of recognizing multiple B- and T cell epitopes in these proteins. The powerful immunological features of HSPs have led to their experimental use as immunomodulators and as subunit vaccine candidates. Mycobacterial hsp70 and hsp60 have been found to be excellent immunological carriers of molecules against which an immune response is desired; in the absence of adjuvants, the HSPs can stimulate strong and long-lasting immune responses against molecules which have been covalently attached to the HSPs. When used as subunit vaccines, HSPs derived from a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens have been found to stimulate protective immunity in animal models. These studies suggest that HSPs might be used as immunomodulators or subunit vaccines against infectious disease in man.
Automatic parallelization and optimization for irregular scientific applications (2004)

Summary form only given. Some automatic parallelization and optimization techniques for irregular scientific computing are proposed. These techniques include communication cost reduction for irregular loop partitioning, interprocedural optimization techniques for communication preprocessing when the irregular code has the procedure call, global vs. local indirection arrays remapping methods, and OpenMP directive extension for irregular computing.
Truncated Mammalian Notch1 Activates CBF1/RBPJk-Repressed Genes by a Mechanism Resembling That of Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA2 (1996)

The Notch/Lin-12/Glp-1 receptor family participates in cell-cell signaling events that influence cell fate decisions. Although several Notch homologs and receptor ligands have been identified, the nuclear events involved in this pathway remain incompletely understood. A truncated form of Notch, consisting only of the intracellular domain (NotchIC), localizes to the nucleus and functions as an activated receptor. Using both an in vitro binding assay and a cotransfection assay based on the two-hybrid principle, we show that mammalian NotchIC interacts with the transcriptional repressor CBF1, which is the human homolog of Drosophila Suppressor of Hairless. Cotransfection assays using segments of mouse NotchIC and CBF1 demonstrated that the N-terminal 114-amino-acid region of mouse NotchIC contains the CBF1 interactive domain and that the cdc10/ankyrin repeats are not essential for this interaction. This result was confirmed in immunoprecipation assays in which the N-terminal 114-amino-acid segment of NotchIC, but not the ankyrin repeat region, coprecipitated with CBF1. Mouse NotchIC itself is targeted to the transcriptional repression domain (aa179 to 361) of CBF1. Furthermore, transfection assays in which mouse NotchIC was targeted through Gal4-CBF1 or through endogenous cellular CBF1 indicated that NotchIC transactivates gene expression via CBF1 tethering to DNA. Transactivation by NotchIC occurs partially through abolition of CBF1-mediated repession. This same mechanism is used by Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2. Thus, mimicry of Notch signal transduction is involved in Epstein-Barr virus-driven immortalization.
Inhibition of HGF/MET as therapy for malignancy (2009)

Current knowledge suggests that the inhibition of the HGF/MET pathway has significant potential for the treatment of cancer. A number of MET inhibitor molecules are nearing completion of their development for clinical use.
Optically Fabricated Three Dimensional Nanofluidic Mixers for Microfluidic Devices (2005)

This paper describes a simple technique for fabricating complex, but well defined, three-dimensional (3D) networks of nanoscale flow paths in the channels of microfluidic systems. Near field scanning optical measurements reveal the optics associated with the fabrication process and the key features that enable its application to the area of microfluidics. Confocal studies of microfluidic devices that incorporate 3D nanostructures formed using this approach show that they function as efficient passive mixing elements, particularly at low Reynolds numbers. This application and others such as separation and extraction inmicrofluidic total analysis systems or lab on a chip devices represent promising areas for 3D nanostructures of this general type.
New Aspects On Enhancing Biological Processes in Sanitary Landfill (1983)

A short literature review shows that a lot of information is available concerning the biological processes that take place in sanitary landfill sites. Although there are still many unknown interactions and phenomena this information could be used to modify the conventional landfill operation technique so that methane production is enhanced. Results from research projects are presented, showing effects of landfill operation on the leachate quality with time. Laboratory scale experiments in which shredded municipal solid waste is anaerobically decomposed under optimum conditions give additional information concerning the reasons for enhancement or inhibition of the biological processes. Proposals for modified landfill operation techniques are presented.
Querying Heterogeneous Information Sources Using Source Descriptions (1996)

We witness a rapid increase in the number of structured information sources that are available online, especially on the WWW. These sources include commercial databases on product information, stock market information, real estate, automobiles, and entertainment. We would like to use the data stored in these databases to answer complex queries that go beyond keyword searches. We face the following challenges: (1) Several information sources store interrelated data, and any query-answering system must understand the relationships between their contents. (2) Many sources are not full-featured database systems and can answer only a small set of queries over their data (for example, forms on the WWW restrict the set of queries one can ask). (3) Since the number of sources is very large, effective techniques are needed to prune the set of information sources accessed to answer a query. (4) The details of interacting with each source vary greatly. We describe the Information Manifold, an imp...
6-Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Thienoyl Regioisomers as Targeted Antifolates for Folate Receptor α and the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter in Human Tumors (2015)

2-Amino-4-oxo-6-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate thiophene regioisomers of AGF94 (4) with a thienoyl side chain and three-carbon bridge lengths [AGF150 (5) and AGF154 (7)] were synthesized as potential antitumor agents. These analogues inhibited proliferation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) sublines expressing folate receptors (FRs) α or β (IC50s < 1 nM) or the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) (IC50 < 7 nM). Compounds 5 and 7 inhibited KB, IGROV1, and SKOV3 human tumor cells at subnanomolar concentrations, reflecting both FRα and PCFT uptake. AGF152 (6) and AGF163 (8), 2,4-diamino-5-substituted-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine thiophene regioisomers, also inhibited growth of FR-expressing CHO and KB cells. All four analogues inhibited glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase). Crystal structures of human GARFTase complexed with 5 and 7 were reported. In severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing SKOV3 tumors, 7 was efficacious. The selectivity of these compounds for PCFT and for FRα and β over the ubiquitously expressed reduced folate carrier is a paradigm for selective tumor targeting.
Detecting salient motion by accumulating directionally-consistent flow (2000)

Motion detection can play an important role in many vision tasks. Yet image motion can arise from "uninteresting" events as well as interesting ones. In this paper, salient motion is defined as motion that is likely to result from a typical surveillance target (e.g., a person or vehicle traveling with a sense of direction through a scene) as opposed to other distracting motions (e.g., the scintillation of specularities on water, the oscillation of vegetation in the wind). We propose an algorithm for detecting this salient motion that is based on intermediate-stage vision integration of optical flow. Empirical results are presented that illustrate the applicability of the proposed methods to real-world video. Unlike many motion detection schemes, no knowledge about expected object size or shape is necessary for rejecting the distracting motion.
Mitochondrial DNA content and 4977 bp deletion in unfertilized oocytes (2005)

Previous studies analysing the incidences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions and mtDNA content in unfertilized oocytes in relation to donors' age have been controversial. The objective of the study was to compare these two parameters in unfertilized oocytes and relate them to the donors' age. Fifty-two women donated 155 unfertilized metaphase II (MII) oocytes. The incidence of 4977 bp deletion was 34.6%, and the mtDNA copy number was 598 350 +/- 265 862. Women >or=35 years of age had a significantly higher incidence of 4977 bp deletion, lower mtDNA copy number, higher FSH level and poorer ovarian response when compared with younger women. The mtDNA copy number was negatively correlated with the donor's age. The higher incidence of mtDNA deletion and lower mtDNA copy number in older women suggested that these two parameters may reflect ovarian ageing.
Probing liquid surfaces under vacuum using SEM and ToF-SIMS (2011)

We report a newly developed self-contained interface for high-vapor pressure liquid surfaces to vacuum-based analytical instruments. It requires no wires or tubing connections to the outside of the instrument and uses a microfluidic channel with a 3 μm diameter window into the flowing fluid beneath it. This window supports the liquid against the vacuum by the liquid's surface tension and limits the high-density vapor region traversed by the probe beams to only a few microns. We demonstrate this microfluidic interface for in situ liquid surfaces in a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with chemical analysis.
Where am I: Place instance and category recognition using spatial PACT (2008)

We introduce spatial PACT (Principal component Analysis of Census Transform histograms), a new representation for recognizing instances and categories of places or scenes. Both place instance recognition (“I am in Room 113”) and category recognition (“I am in an office”) have been widely researched. Features that have different discriminative power/invariance tradeoff have been used separately for the two tasks. PACT captures local structures of an image through the Census Transform (CT), while large-scale structures are captured by the strong correlation between neighboring CT values and the histogram. The PCA operation ignores noise in the histogram distribution, computes important “primitive shapes”, and results in a compact representation. Spatial PACT, a spatial pyramid of PACT, further incorporates global structures in the image. Our experiments demonstrate that spatial PACT outperforms the current state-of-the-art in several place and scene recognition, and shape matching datasets. Besides, spatial PACT is easy to implement. It has nearly no parameter to tune, and evaluates extremely fast.
Superiority of Small Islets in Human Islet Transplantation (2007)

Many factors influence the outcome of islet transplantation. As islets in the early posttransplant setting are supplied with oxygen by diffusion only and are in a hypoxic state in the portal system, we tested whether small human islets are superior to large islets both in vitro and in vivo. We assessed insulin secretion of large and small islets and quantified cell death during hypoxic conditions simulating the intraportal transplant environment. In the clinical setting, we analyzed the influence of transplanted islet size on insulin production in patients with type 1 diabetes. Our results provide evidence that small islets are superior to large islets with regard to in vitro insulin secretion and show a higher survival rate during both normoxic and hypoxic culture. Islet volume after 48 h of hypoxic culture decreased to 25% compared with normoxic culture at 24 h due to a preferential loss of large islets. In human islet transplantation, the isolation index (islet volume as expressed in islet equivalents/islet number), or more simply the islet number, proved to be more reliable to predict stimulated C-peptide response compared with islet volume. Thus, islet size seems to be a key factor determining human islet transplantation outcome.
Control of Colloidal Particle Deposit Patterns within Picoliter Droplets Ejected by Ink-Jet Printing (2006)

Particle deposit morphologies that resulted from evaporating ink-jetted microdroplets were controlled by varying the ink compositions and concentrations. The ink was a well-dispersed aqueous dispersion of monodisperse silica microspheres. Silica particles suspended in the microdroplet undergo self-assembly upon the evaporation of the solvent. A ringlike deposit of the self-assembled silica particles was produced from the water-based ink, while a uniform two-dimensional monolayer with a well-ordered hexagonal structure was obtained from the mixed-solvent-based inks. Variations in the deposit patterns can be explained in terms of competing effects between the convective and Marangoni flows, which vary with the types of the high-boiling-point solvent added to the ink. The macroscopic shape and microstructure of the silica colloidal deposits were observed by SEM, AFM, and a confocal microscope.
Skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family: isolation, structure, synthesis, and endocrine activity. (1994)

Pancreatic polypeptide, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), three members of a family of structurally related peptides, are mainly expressed in the endocrine pancreas, in endocrine cells of the gut, and in the brain, respectively. In the present study, we have isolated a peptide of the pancreatic polypeptide family from the skin of the South American arboreal frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. The primary structure of the peptide was established as Tyr-Pro-Pro-Lys-Pro-Glu-Ser-Pro-Gly-Glu10-Asp-Ala-Ser-Pro-Glu-Glu- Met-Asn- Lys-Tyr20-Leu-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu30-Val-Thr- Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2 . This unusual peptide, named skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (SPYY), exhibits 94% similarity with PYY from the frog Rana ridibunda. A synthetic replicate of SPYY inhibits melanotropin release from perifused frog neurointermediate lobes in very much the same way as NPY. These results demonstrate the occurrence of a PYY-like peptide in frog skin. Our data also suggest the existence of a pituitary-skin regulatory loop in amphibians.
146. The azo-group as a chelating group. Part V. Metallic derivatives of arylazo-oximes and of formazyl compounds (1941)

L. Hunter and C. B. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 823 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000823
Tissue concentrations of water-soluble vitamins in normal and diabetic rats. (1993)

Changes in circulating and tissue concentrations of several vitamins have been reported in diabetic animals and human subjects. In this study, the effect of short-term (2 weeks) streptozotocin diabetes on folate, B6, B12, thiamin, nicotinate, pantothenate, riboflavin and biotin in liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, brain and skeletal muscle of rats was investigated. The tissue distribution of vitamins varied widely in normal rats. Diabetes significantly lowered folate in kidney, heart, brain, and muscle; B6 in brain; B12 in heart; thiamin in liver and heart; nicotinate in liver, kidney, heart and brain; pantothenate in all tissues; riboflavin in liver, kidney, heart, and muscle. These results indicate that experimental diabetes causes a depression of several water-soluble vitamins in various tissues of rats.
Brain Monoamine Oxidase A Activity Predicts Trait Aggression (2008)

The genetic deletion of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A), an enzyme that breaks down the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, produces aggressive phenotypes across species. Therefore, a common polymorphism in the MAO A gene (MAOA, Mendelian Inheritance in Men database number 309850, referred to as high or low based on transcription in non-neuronal cells) has been investigated in a number of externalizing behavioral and clinical phenotypes. These studies provide evidence linking the low MAOA genotype and violent behavior but only through interaction with severe environmental stressors during childhood. Here, we hypothesized that in healthy adult males the gene product of MAO A in the brain, rather than the gene per se, would be associated with regulating the concentration of brain amines involved in trait aggression. Brain MAO A activity was measured in vivo in healthy nonsmoking men with positron emission tomography using a radioligand specific for MAO A (clorgyline labeled with carbon 11). Trait aggression was measured with the multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ). Here we report for the first time that brain MAO A correlates inversely with the MPQ trait measure of aggression (but not with other personality traits) such that the lower the MAO A activity in cortical and subcortical brain regions, the higher the self-reported aggression (in both MAOA genotype groups) contributing to more than one-third of the variability. Because trait aggression is a measure used to predict antisocial behavior, these results underscore the relevance of MAO A as a neurochemical substrate of aberrant aggression.
Incremental Volume Rendering Using Hierarchical Compression (1996)

Abstract We present a new algorithm here for efficient incremental rendering of volumetric datasets. The primary goal of this algorithm is to give average workstations the ability to efficiently render volume data received over relatively low bandwidth network links in such a way that rapid user feedback is maintained. Common limitations of workstation rendering of volume data include: large memory overheads, the requirement of expensive rendering hardware, and high speed processing ability. The rendering algorithm presented here overcomes these problems by making use of the efficient Shear‐Warp Factorisation method which does not require specialised graphics hardware. However the original Shear‐Warp algorithm suffers from a high memory overhead and does not provide for incremental rendering which is required should rapid user feedback be maintained. Our algorithm represents the volumetric data using a hierarchical data structure which provides for the incremental classification and rendering of volume data. This exploits the multiscale nature of the octree data structure. The algorithm reduces the memory footprint of the original Shear‐Warp Factorisation algorithm by a factor of more than two, while maintaining good rendering performance. These factors make our octree algorithm more suitable for implementation on average desktop workstations for the purposes of interactive exploration of volume models over a network. Results from tests using typical volume datasets will be presented which demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to achieve high rendering rates for both incremental rendering and standard rendering while reducing the runtime memory requirements.
Microchannel integrated heat sinks in silicon technology (2002)

The use of microchannels in silicon substrates as a forced liquid cooling device for power integrated circuits is investigated. Thermal dissipation characteristics are calculated for several microchannels geometry. An optimised structure is proposed and its technological realisation is described.
Progression of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: impact of therapeutic intervention in the post-docetaxel space (2011)

Despite the proven success of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer using chemical or surgical castration, most patients eventually will progress to a phase of the disease that is metastatic and shows resistance to further hormonal manipulation. This has been termed metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Despite this designation, however, there is evidence that androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling and gene expression can persist in mCRPC, even in the face of castrate levels of androgen. This may be due in part to the upregulation of enzymes involved in androgen synthesis, the overexpression of AR, or the emergence of mutant ARs with promiscuous recognition of various steroidal ligands. The therapeutic options were limited and palliative in nature until trials in 2004 demonstrated that docetaxel chemotherapy could significantly improve survival. These results established first-line docetaxel as the standard of care for mCRPC. After resistance to further docetaxel therapy develops, treatment options were once again limited. Recently reported results from phase 3 trials have shown that additional therapy with the novel taxane cabazitaxel (with prednisone), or treatment with the antiandrogen abiraterone (with prednisone) could improve survival for patients with mCRPC following docetaxel therapy. Compared with mitoxantrone/prednisone, cabazitaxel/prednisone significantly improved overall survival, with a 30% reduction in rate of death, in patients with progression of mCRPC after docetaxel therapy in the TROPIC trial. Similarly, abiraterone acetate (an inhibitor of androgen biosynthesis) plus prednisone significantly decreased the rate of death by 35% compared with placebo plus prednisone in mCRPC patients progressing after prior docetaxel therapy in the COU-AA-301 trial. Results of these trials have thus established two additional treatment options for mCRPC patients in the "post-docetaxel space." In view of the continued AR-mediated signaling on mCRPC, results from additional phase 3 studies with novel antiandrogens which are directed at inhibition of the AR (e.g., MDV3100), as well as other agents, are awaited with interest and may further expand the treatment choices for this difficult-to-manage population of patients.