gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of vWF Inhibits both Injury Induced Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in the Hamster (1998)

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is instrumental in arterial but has also been implicated in venous thrombogenesis. To address its role in venous thrombosis, experimental thrombosis was induced in the carotid artery and the femoral vein of hamsters, following which thrombus prevention by two different antagonists of vWF was studied. The first antagonist was the anti-human vWF monoclonal antibody AJvW-2, which inhibits the botrocetin and ristocetin induced aggregation of human blood platelets. AJvW-2 reacts with an epitope present in the A1 domain of vWF in very different species (human, pig, rabbit, dog, Guinea pig and rat). This epitope was found to be conformational and overlapping with vWF binding sites for aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA), but not for botrocetin and heparin. AJvW-2 has affinities for vWF in the absence (Kd = 0.5 +/- 0.03 nmol/l in solution) and in the presence of shear stress (Kd = 3.3 +/- 0.6 nmol/l during perfusion at 1,300 s over subendothelial matrix associated vWF) sufficiently elevated to neutralize vWF. During perfusion of subendothelial matrix with anticoagulated human blood, the surface covered by adhering platelets was reduced by AJvW-2, with IC50s equal to 6.6 +/- 0.34 microg/ml at 1,300 s(-1) and to 1 +/- 0.01 microg/ml at 2,700 s(-1). As a second antagonist, molecular size gel filtered ATA was selected. Fractionated ATA inhibited platelet adhesion to matrix with IC50s equal to 0.27 +/- 0.09 mmol/l at 1,300 s(-1) and 0.16 +/- 0.008 mmol/l at 2,700 s(-1). When administered to hamsters, AJvW-2 prevented thrombosis in the injured carotid artery dose-dependently (ED50 = 0.15 +/- 0.01 mg/kg). Thrombosis in the similarly injured femoral vein was however also inhibited (ED50 = 0.37 +/- 0.06 mg/kg). Likewise, fractionated ATA completely inhibited carotid artery thrombosis (ED50 = 0.42 +/- 0.13 mg/kg), but also interfered with femoral vein thrombosis (apparent ED50 between 2 and 3 mg/kg). We conclude that antagonizing the vWF A1 domain by AJvW-2 and to a lesser extent also by fractionated ATA, inhibits thrombosis not only in the arterial but also in the venous circulation. Since venous thrombi were prevented at only 3-5-fold higher doses of antagonist, vWF participates in injury induced venous thrombosis.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Ni-Mg-Mo-O catalysts (2000)

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Ni Mg Mo O catalysts has been studied. The effect of Mo content and the ratio of Ni/Mg on the catalytic reaction have also been studied.The results indicate that the MoO 3 can promote the catalysts and the NiMoO 4 and MgMoO 4 are active phases and there exists synergy between the two phases in the catalysts.
Gene transfer into established and primary fibroblast cell lines: comparison of transfection methods and promoters. (1992)

The stable transfection of immortalized Rat-1 and rat skin primary fibroblast cell lines by calcium phosphate precipitation, lipofection and electroporation methods have been examined. The lipofection method was found to be better than the other methods in terms of higher transfection efficiency and convenient use. Expression of beta-galactosidase from two different viral promoters showed that the level of transgene expression depends on the promoter strength in a particular cell type. The results presented here show that the transgene expression is extremely variable among different colonies generated from individually transfected cells. Therefore, it is necessary to examine individual colonies of cells for the production of reporter gene to obtain cell lines expressing high amounts of gene products.
Network Distribution of Digital Television Signals (1980)

The distribution system for network television signals involves the tandem connection of many different transmission systems, all of which presently operate using analog techniques. During the 1980s, the common carriers will install many digital transmission systems so as to realize the maximum economic benefit from digital switching machines. As a consequence it is virtually certain that by 1990 some, if not most, of the distribution system for network television signals will involve the use of digital transmission techniques. The present situation regarding digital transmission of television signals in North America is reviewed and some areas of concern are noted. There is an obvious need for close liaison between the broadcaster, the common carriers, the manufacturers, and the regulatory authorities if the present quality of the distribution system is to be maintained.
Integration and fusion of standard automated perimetry and optical coherence tomography data for improved automated glaucoma diagnostics (2011)

Compared to the use of SAP parameters, input from the combination of fused OCT and SAP parameters, and from fused OCT data, significantly increased the performance of ANNs. Integrating parameters by including a priori relevant information through data fusion may improve ANN classification accuracy compared to currently available methods.
IL-18 and Urinary NGAL Predict Dialysis and Graft Recovery after Kidney Transplantation (2009)

Current methods for predicting graft recovery after kidney transplantation are not reliable. We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of deceased-donor kidney transplant patients to evaluate urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), IL-18, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for predicting dialysis within 1 wk of transplant and subsequent graft recovery. We collected serial urine samples for 3 d after transplant and analyzed levels of these putative biomarkers. We classified graft recovery as delayed graft function (DGF), slow graft function (SGF), or immediate graft function (IGF). Of the 91 patients in the cohort, 34 had DGF, 33 had SGF, and 24 had IGF. Median NGAL and IL-18 levels, but not KIM-1 levels, were statistically different among these three groups at all time points. ROC curve analysis suggested that the abilities of NGAL or IL-18 to predict dialysis within 1 wk were moderately accurate when measured on the first postoperative day, whereas the fall in serum creatinine (Scr) was not predictive. In multivariate analysis, elevated levels of NGAL or IL-18 predicted the need for dialysis after adjusting for recipient and donor age, cold ischemia time, urine output, and Scr. NGAL and IL-18 quantiles also predicted graft recovery up to 3 mo later. In summary, urinary NGAL and IL-18 are early, noninvasive, accurate predictors of both the need for dialysis within the first week of kidney transplantation and 3-mo recovery of graft function.
Suppression of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats by resveratrol: role of nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclooxygenase 2, and matrix metalloprotease 9. (2002)

We have reported recently that resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, fruits, and root extracts of the weed Polygonum cuspidatum, is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. Because NF-kappaB suppression has been linked with chemoprevention, this prompted us to investigate the chemopreventive potential of resveratrol by testing it against mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in female Sprague Dawley rats. Dietary administration of resveratrol (10 ppm) had no effect on body weight gain and tumor volume but produced striking reductions in the incidence (45%; P < 0.05), multiplicity (55%; P < 0.001), and extended latency period of tumor development relative to DMBA-treated animals. Histopathological analysis of the tumors revealed that DMBA induced ductal carcinomas and focal microinvasion in situ (7 of 7), whereas treatment with resveratrol suppressed DMBA-induced ductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that resveratrol suppressed the DMBA-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9 expression in the breast tumor. Gel shift analysis showed suppression of DMBA-induced NF-kappaB activation by resveratrol. Treatment of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with resveratrol also suppressed the NF-kappaB activation and inhibited proliferation at S-G(2)-M phase. Overall, our results suggest that resveratrol suppresses DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis, which correlates with down-regulation of NF-kappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, and matrix metalloprotease-9 expression.
Comparison of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay III, recombinant immunoblot third generation assay, and polymerase chain reaction method in the detection of hepatitis C virus infection in Haemodialysis patients (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) serotyping assays have evolved from simple antibody screening tests to complex RNA-based qualitative and quantitative methods. The objective of this study was to compare the HCV screening results from 161 patients in long-term maintenance haemodialysis (HD) as assessed by the recently developed Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay III (ELISA III), confirmed by the Recombinant Immunoblot 3rd generation assay (RIBA 3rd) and determined by the qualitative HCV reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. One hundred sixty-one HD patients were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by the ELISA III and confirmed by the RIBA 3rd. HCV RNA was determined by an HCV RT-PCR method. All reported results that were designated as discrepant, anti-HCV (+) and/or HCV RNA (+) were further investigated by means of a quantitative HCV RT-PCR assay. Reported results obtained from ELISA III and qualitative RT-PCR assays were HCV positive for 16/161 patients (9,93%) and these were designated as anti-HCV (+)/HCV RNA (+). Subsequently, these 16 anti-HCV positive/161 HD patients were confirmed by the RIBA 3rd. Three individuals anti-HCV (–)/RIBA (+)/ HCV RNA (–)], the viral load that was reported from the quantitative RT-PCR was less than the assay detection level (< 2,000 viral copies/ml). In view of previous observations, our findings suggest that ELISA III remains still a highly reliable and valuable assay. However, despite the cost, the combination of both ELISA III and qualitative RT-PCR allows a definitive classification on HCV diagnosis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 13:122–125, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Shape function-based kinematics and dynamics for variable length continuum robotic arms (2011)

This paper presents a new three dimensional kinematic and dynamic model for variable length continuum arm robotic structures using a novel shape function-based approach. The model incorporates geometrically constrained structure of the arm to derive its deformation shape function. It is able to simulate spatial bending, pure elongation, and incorporates a new stiffness control feature. The model is validated through numerical simulations, based on a prototype continuum arm, that yields physically accurate results.
Separation, imaging, and velocity analysis of seismic diffractions using migrated dip‐angle gathers (2008)

There exists a clear distinction between seismic diffractions and reflections in the post‐migration dip‐angle gather domain. We analyze this distinction and show the possibility of using it for separating and imaging seismic diffractions with only single‐offset data as input. When observed in dip‐angle gathers, diffraction events are also significantly more sensitive to velocity errors, which opens up the possibility of using them for velocity analysis. We demonstrate the proposed technique on synthetic and real‐data examples.
Frequent mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene in human leukemia T-cell lines. (1990)

Human T-cell leukemia and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines were studied for alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Southern blot analysis of 10 leukemic T-cell lines revealed no gross genomic deletions or rearrangements. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of p53 mRNA indicated that all 10 lines produced p53 mRNA of normal size. By direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNA, we detected 11 missense and nonsense point mutations in 5 of the 10 leukemic T-cell lines studied. The mutations are primarily located in the evolutionarily highly conserved regions of the p53 gene. One of the five cell lines in which a mutation was detected possesses a homozygous point mutation in both p53 alleles, while the other four cell lines harbor from two to four different point mutations. An allelic study of two of the lines (CEM, A3/Kawa) shows that the two missense mutations found in each line are located on separate alleles, thus both alleles of the p53 gene may have been functionally inactivated by two different point mutations. Since cultured leukemic T-cell lines represent a late, fully tumorigenic stage of leukemic T cells, mutation of both (or more) alleles of the p53 gene may reflect the selection of cells possessing an increasingly tumorigenic phenotype, whether the selection took place in vivo or in vitro. Previously, we have shown that the HSB-2 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line had lost both alleles of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. Taken together, our data show that at least 6 of 10 leukemic T-cell lines examined may have lost the normal function of a known tumor suppressor gene, suggesting that this class of genes serves a critical role in the generation of fully tumorigenic leukemic T cells.
The first five years of single-cell cancer genomics and beyond (2015)

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a powerful new tool for investigating evolution and diversity in cancer and understanding the role of rare cells in tumor progression. These methods have begun to unravel key questions in cancer biology that have been difficult to address with bulk tumor measurements. Over the past five years, there has been extraordinary progress in technological developments and research applications, but these efforts represent only the tip of the iceberg. In the coming years, SCS will greatly improve our understanding of invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance during cancer progression. These tools will also have direct translational applications in the clinic, in areas such as early detection, noninvasive monitoring, and guiding targeted therapy. In this perspective, I discuss the progress that has been made and the myriad of unexplored applications that still lie ahead in cancer research and medicine.
Vision based hand modeling and tracking for virtual teleconferencing and telecollaboration (2002)

The authors present a hand model that simultaneously satisfies both the synthesis and analysis requirements of model based compression. The model can be fitted to any person's hand and can be done using a single camera. Once the model is fitted to a real human hand, it is then used in several tracking scenarios in order to verify its effectiveness. With successful tracking achieved, the model is ready to be incorporated into a virtual environment or model based compression scheme such as sign language communication over telephone lines or virtual teleconferences over computer networks at very low bit rates and at very high image quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
International Small for Gestational Age Advisory Board Consensus Development Conference Statement: Management of Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age, April 24–October 1, 2001 (2003)

SGA is defined as birth weight and/or length at least 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the mean for gestational age (<or=-2 SD). Accurate gestational dating and measurement of birth weight and length are crucial for identifying children who are born SGA. Comprehensive pregnancy, perinatal, and immediate postnatal data may help to confirm the diagnosis. Maternal, placental, and fetal causes of SGA should be sought, although the cause is often not clear. Most children who are SGA experience catch-up growth and achieve a height >2 SD below the mean; this catch-up process is usually completed by the time they are 2 years of age. A child who is SGA and older than 3 years and has persistent short stature (ie, remaining at least 2 SD below the mean for chronologic age) is not likely to catch up and should be referred to a pediatrician who has expertise in endocrinology. Bone age is not a reliable predictor of height potential in children who are SGA. Nevertheless, a standard evaluation for short stature should be performed. A diagnosis of SGA does not exclude growth hormone (GH) deficiency, and GH assessment should be performed if there is clinical suspicion or biochemical evidence of GH deficiency. At baseline, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, fasting insulin, glucose, and lipid levels as well as blood pressure should be measured, and all aspects of SGA-not just stature-should be addressed with parents. The objectives of GH therapy in short children who are SGA are catch-up growth in early childhood, maintenance of normal growth in childhood, and achievement of normal adult height. GH therapy is effective and safe in short children who are born SGA and should be considered in those older than 2 to 3 years. There is long-term experience of improved growth using a dosage range from 0.24 to 0.48 mg/kg/wk. Higher GH doses (0.48 mg/kg/wk [0.2 IU/kg/d]) are more effective for the short term. Whether the higher GH dose is more efficacious than the lower dose in terms of adult height results is not yet known. Only adult height results of randomized dose-response studies will give a definite answer. Monitoring is necessary to ensure safety of medication. Children should be monitored for changes in glucose homeostasis, lipids, and blood pressure during therapy. The frequency and intensity of monitoring will vary depending on risk factors such as family history, obesity, and puberty.
Comparison of Clinical and Microbiological Response to Treatment ofClostridium difficile–Associated Disease with Metronidazole and Vancomycin (2008)

In an observational study with a limited number of subjects, a majority of patients with C. difficile-associated disease responded to therapy with metronidazole or vancomycin. Failure with metronidazole treatment may be attributable to a slower and less consistent microbiological response than that with oral vancomycin treatment.
Reservation-based contention resolution mechanism for batcher-banyan packet switches (1988)

We introduce a new method, called ring reservation, to design high-capacity packet switches. Input buffering is used with output port reservations to eliminate packet collisions. We describe a 32×32 prototype packet switch, built as a part of a broadband ISDN prototype, which has a per-port capacity of 30–55 Mbit/s.
Detection of Escherichia coli adhesins with DNA probes (1985)

DNA hybridization assays for genes encoding the Escherichia coli adhesins K88 and K99 were developed. These assays were used to screen a variety of animal E. coli strains, and the results were compared with results obtained by serological methods. All methods compared well for determining the presence of adhesin K99. However, the DNA hybridization detected more K88-positive strains than did either enzyme immunoassay or slide agglutination. Agreement was improved when strains were grown on blood or nutrient agar instead of Minca medium.
Iron Detoxification Properties of Escherichia coliBacterioferritin (2002)

Bacterioferritin (EcBFR) of Escherichia coli is an iron-mineralizing hemoprotein composed of 24 identical subunits, each containing a dinuclear metal-binding site known as the "ferroxidase center." The chemistry of Fe(II) binding and oxidation and Fe(III) hydrolysis using H(2)O(2) as oxidant was studied by electrode oximetry, pH-stat, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments. Absorption spectroscopy data demonstrate the oxidation of two Fe(II) per H(2)O(2) at the ferroxidase center, thus avoiding hydroxyl radical production via Fenton chemistry. The oxidation reaction with H(2)O(2) corresponds to [Fe(II)(2)-P](Z) + H(2)O(2) --> [Fe(III)(2)O-P](Z) + H(2)O, where [Fe(II)(2)-P](Z) represents a diferrous ferroxidase center complex of the protein P with net charge Z and [Fe(III)(2)O-P](Z) a micro-oxo-bridged diferric ferroxidase complex. The mineralization reaction is given by 2Fe(2+) + H(2)O(2) + 2H(2)O --> 2FeOOH((core)) + 4H(+), where two Fe(II) are again oxidized by one H(2)O(2). Hydrogen peroxide is shown to be an intermediate product of dioxygen reduction when O(2) is used as the oxidant in both the ferroxidation and mineralization reactions. Most of the H(2)O(2) produced from O(2) is rapidly consumed in a subsequent ferroxidase reaction with Fe(II) to produce H(2)O. EPR spin trapping experiments show that the presence of EcBFR greatly attenuates the production of hydroxyl radical during Fe(II) oxidation by H(2)O(2), consistent with the ability of the bacterioferritin to facilitate the pairwise oxidation of Fe(II) by H(2)O(2), thus avoiding odd electron reduction products of oxygen and therefore oxidative damage to the protein and cellular components through oxygen radical chemistry.
In vivo repackaging of recombinant cosmid molecules for analyses of Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus mutans, and mycobacterial genomic libraries (1986)

Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 were constructed that permitted the amplification of in vitro-packaged recombinant cosmid-transducing particles by in vivo repackaging of recombinant cosmid molecules. Thermal induction of these thermoinducible, excision-defective lysogens containing recombinant cosmid molecules yielded high titers of packaged recombinant cosmids and low levels of PFU. These strains were used to amplify packaged recombinant cosmid libraries of Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium vaccae, Salmonella typhimurium, and Streptococcus mutans DNA. Contiguous and noncontiguous libraries were compared for the successful identification of cloned genes. Construction of noncontiguous libraries allowed the dissociation of desired genes from genes that were deleterious to the survival of a cosmid recombinant and permitted selection for unlinked traits that resulted in a selected phenotype. In vivo repackaging of recombinant cosmids permitted amplification of the original in vitro-packaged collection of transducing particles, storage of cosmid libraries as phage lysates, facilitation of complementation screening, expression analysis of repackaged recombinant cosmids after UV-irradiated cells were infected, in situ enzyme or immunological screening, and facilitation of recovery of recombinant cosmid molecules containing transposon inserts.
Structure and reactivity α,β‐unsaturated ethers. II. Cationic copolymerizations of propenyl isobutyl ether (1968)

Abstract cis ‐ and trans ‐Propenyl isobutyl ethers were copolymerized with each other and each with vinyl isobutyl ether separately under various conditions. In homogeneous polymerizations a cis ‐β‐methyl substitution on vinyl isobutyl ether apparently enhanced the reactivity, whereas the trans substitution tended to reduce it slightly. In heterogeneous catalysis, on the other hand, a β‐methyl group on the vinyl ether, whether cis or trans , greatly reduced the reactivity, probably because of the steric hindrance toward the adsorption of monomers on the catalyst surface. The relative reactivities of cis ‐ and trans ‐propenyl isobutyl ethers ranged from 2 to 20, depending on the polymerization conditions. The polymer end formed from the cis monomer exhibited special steric effects. It was concluded that even in homogeneous media the rotation of the polymer end around the terminal carbon–carbon bond is restricted.