gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a Direct Inhibitory Effect of PYY on Insulin Secretion in Rats (1992)

Peptide YY (PYY) has been shown to inhibit stimulated insulin secretion under in vivo conditions in the mouse, the rat, and the dog. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PYY on insulin secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas and isolated rat islets. In isolated pancreas perfused in presence of 8.3 mM glucose, PYY at 10(-10) and 10(-9) M, but not at 10(-8) M, inhibited insulin secretion. In the presence of 5.5 mM glucose, PYY (10(-9) M) did not modify basal insulin release but reduced the biphasic insulin response to arginine (10 mM). PYY also markedly reduced the pancreatic vascular flow rate; this effect was observed at all three concentrations tested in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated islets, glucose (15 mM)-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited by PYY at 10(-7) M. We conclude that in the perfused rat pancreas, PYY inhibits insulin secretion and induces vasoconstriction without a causal relationship. In addition, our results on isolated islets suggest that the inhibitory action of PYY on insulin secretion is exerted through a direct islet action.
Expression and Localization of Activin Subunits and Follistatins in Tissues from Men with High Grade Prostate Cancer (1997)

Activins are growth and differentiation factors that have growth inhibitory effects on LNCaP and DU145, but not PC3, human prostate tumor cell lines. Activin-binding proteins, follistatins, block the inhibitory actions of exogenously added activins on LNCaP and DU145 tumor cell lines. Based on these in vitro observations using human prostate tumor cell lines, the aims of this study were to determine whether activins and follistatins are expressed in the human prostate in tissues from men with high grade prostate cancer. The expression and cellular localization of these proteins in malignant and nonmalignant regions of these tissues were compared to determine whether any changes occur with progression to malignancy. The results demonstrate that activins and follistatins are synthesized in tissues from men with high grade prostate cancer, and that messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein for the activin beta A- and beta B-subunits and follistatin is expressed and localized to poorly differentiated tumor cells. In the nonmalignant regions, activin beta A and beta B subunit mRNA and proteins are predominantly localized to the epithelium. Follistatin mRNA was expressed in the basal epithelial cells and in the fibroblastic stroma; however, the localization of follistatin proteins using two specific antisera demonstrated a difference between the follistatin isoforms expressed in basal cells and the stroma. In the progression to malignancy, the colocalization of follistatin and activins to the tumor cells in vivo implies that resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of activin may be conferred by follistatins.
Multiple controls of oxidative metabolism in living tissues as studied by phosphorus magnetic resonance. (1986)

Three types of metabolic control of oxidative metabolism are observed in the various tissues that have been studied by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The principal control of oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle is by ADP (or Pi/phosphocreatine). This conclusion is based upon studies of arm muscles of humans during steady-state exercise. A work-cost (Vm vs. Pi/phosphocreatine) relationship follows a Michaelis-Menten rectangular hyperbola, where Km values from 0.5 to 0.6 and Vmax values from 50 to 200 (at nearly constant pH) are found in linearized plots of the equation V/Vmax = 1/(1 + 0.6 phosphocreatine/Pi) where V is work level (which is equal to the velocity of the enzymatic reaction) and Vmax is the maximal work capacity that is a measure of the enzyme activity (E) of oxidative metabolism. Adaptation to exercise enhances the slope of the work-cost relationship and causes large changes in Vmax or E. A second metabolic control may enhance the slope of the work-cost relationship but not Vmax. For example, the initiation of exercise can lead to an improved characteristic that can be explained by 2-fold increased substrate delivery, for example, increased oxygen delivery by microcirculatory control. Cardiac tissue of the adult dog affords an example of optimal endurance performance adaptation and exhibits the steepest work-cost relationship observed and is attributed to a coordinated control of substrate delivery that may involve Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate control of NADH; control of O2 delivery may also be involved. The calculated work-cost relationship is similar to that observed in the beagle heart. The theoretical curve illustrates that the liability of multiple controls is a sharp break point in metabolic control at the end of the multiple control range--a possible cause of instability of cardiac performance at high V/Vmax.
Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L‐glutamate from a ‘caged’ L‐glutamate. (1993)

1. Pharmacological evidence suggests L-glutamate is a strong candidate as a transmitter at the giant synapse of the squid. Postsynaptic activation at the giant synapse cannot be effected by conventional application of putative neurotransmitters by iontophoresis or perfusion, apparently because the complex structure of the synapse prevents a sufficiently rapid change in concentration at the postsynaptic membrane. Flash photolytic release of L-glutamate from a pharmacologically inert 'caged' L-glutamate pre-equilibrated in the stellate ganglion of Alloteuthis or Loligo was used to determine whether L-glutamate can produce postsynaptic activation when released rapidly in the synaptic clefts. 2. The preparation, reaction mechanism and properties of the caged L-glutamate, N-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl-L-glutamate, are described. The product quantum yield on photolysis was 0.65 (+/- 0.05). On flash photolysis glutamate release followed a single exponential time-course in the pH range 5.5-7.8. The rate constant was proportional to [H+] and was 93 s-1 at pH 5.5 and 16 degrees C in artificial sea water (ionic strength, I = 0.68 M). 3. At pH 7.8 flash photolysis of caged glutamate pre-equilibrated in the synapse caused only a slow depolarization. A second photolytic release of L-glutamate or transsynaptic activation produced no further depolarization, suggesting desensitization and inactivation of postsynaptic mechanisms by the initial pulse of L-glutamate. 4. Synaptic transmission in the giant synapse was normal at pH 5.5. Flash photolysis at pH 5.5 caused rapid production of L-glutamate within the synaptic cleft and a fast postsynaptic depolarization which generated postsynaptic action potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Temporal Relationship Between Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Embolic Events (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00256152.
Correlation of the production of plasminogen activator with tumor metastasis in B16 mouse melanoma cell lines. (1980)

The correlation between the production of plasminogen activator (PA) of tumors and their metastatic potential was studied. B16 melanoma cells and "B16 mets" cells (harvested from the pulmonary metastatic nodules of C57BL/6J mice bearing B16 isografts) were examined with respect to their fibrinolytic activity (FA) in tissue culture. B16 mets cells had a significantly higher FA than did B16 cells. F1 (a B16 subline with a lower incidence of metastasis) and F10 (a highly metastatic B16 subline) were also studied. F10 cells produced more FA than did F1 cells. The difference between the FA's of these tumors was due to differences in their PA production. Significant differences in PA production between F1 and F10 could be consistently observed when 10(5) or more cells were cultured for at least 24 hr. The cell-free supernatants harvested from 72-hr cultures of F10 cells had a higher FA than those harvested from F1 cultures. Results suggest that a quantitative difference in PA production between these 2 melanoma sublines does exist and that it may contribute to their different metastatic potential.
Technology improvements for image-guided and minimally invasive spine procedures (2002)

This paper reports on technology developments aimed at improving the state of the art for image-guided minimally invasive spine procedures. Back pain is a major health problem with serious economic consequences. Minimally invasive procedures to treat back pain are rapidly growing in popularity due to improvements in technique and the substantially reduced trauma to the patient versus open spinal surgery. Image guidance is an enabling technology for minimally invasive procedures, but technical problems remain that may limit the wider applicability of these techniques. The paper begins with a discussion of low back pain and the potential shortcomings of open back surgery. The advantages of minimally invasive procedures are enumerated, followed by a list of technical problems that must be overcome to enable the more widespread dissemination of these techniques. The technical problems include improved intraoperative imaging, fusion of images from multiple modalities, the visualization of oblique paths, percutaneous spine tracking, mechanical instrument guidance, and software architectures for technology integration. Technical developments to address some of these problems are discussed next. The discussion includes intraoperative computerized tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/CT image registration, three-dimensional (3-D) visualization, optical localization, and robotics for percutaneous instrument placement. Finally, the paper concludes by presenting several representative clinical applications: biopsy, vertebroplasty, nerve and facet blocks, and shunt placement. The program presented here is a first step to developing the physician-assist systems of the future, which will incorporate visualization, tracking, and robotics to enable the precision placement and manipulation of instruments with minimal trauma to the patient.
Deep venous thrombosis: detection by high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. (1984)

High-resolution real-time ultrasonography was performed in 11 patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity. Contrast venography was performed in all patients within 24 hours of sonographic examination. The common femoral vein at the groin and the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa were evaluated for presence or absence of intraluminal soft-tissue mass (thrombi), compressibility of the veins, and response to performance of the Valsalva maneuver. Of the 11 patients, six were shown to have DVT by contrast venography. In all six cases there was complete agreement between sonography and contrast venography as to the presence or absence of thrombi in the common femoral vein or the popliteal vein.
The rf2 Nuclear Restorer Gene of Male-Sterile T-Cytoplasm Maize (1996)

The T cytoplasm of maize serves as a model for the nuclear restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility. The rf2 gene, one of two nuclear genes required for fertility restoration in male-sterile T-cytoplasm (cmsT) maize, was cloned. The protein predicted by the rf2 sequence is a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, which suggests several mechanisms that might explain Rf2-mediated fertility restoration in cmsT maize. Aldehyde dehydrogenase may be involved in the detoxification of acetaldehyde produced by ethanolic fermentation during pollen development, may play a role in energy metabolism, or may interact with URF13, the mitochondrial protein associated with male sterility in cmsT maize.
Characterization of receptors for glucagon‐like peptide‐1(7–36) amide on rat lung membranes (1990)

Specific binding of 125I-labelled GLP-1(7-36)amide to rat lung membranes was dependent upon time and temperature and was proportional to membrane protein concentration. Binding was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by unlabelled GLP-1(7-36)amide consistent with the presence of a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.67 +/- 0.29 nmol/l. GLP-1(1-36)amide was 260 times less potent in inhibiting the binding of 125I-labelled GLP-1(7-36)amide to lung membranes (Kd of 448 +/- 93 nmol/l). Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and peptide-histidine-isoleucine also displaced 125I-labelled GLP-1(7-36)amide from the receptor concentration-dependently; the Kd was 4.31 +/- 0.8 and 7.93 +/- 4.79 nmol/l, respectively. Guanine nucleotides (GTP-gamma-S, GDP-beta-S) decreased the binding of 125I-labelled GLP-1(7-36)amide to rat lung membranes as was found for GLP-1(7-36)amide receptors in RINm5F cells which were also shown to be coupled to the adenylate cyclase system.
Anti–Interleukin-12 Antibody for Active Crohn's Disease (2004)

Treatment with a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-12 may induce clinical responses and remissions in patients with active Crohn's disease. This treatment is associated with decreases in Th1-mediated inflammatory cytokines at the site of disease.
Short CDAI: Development and validation of a shortened and simplified Crohnʼs disease activity index (2010)

The short CDAI is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool for the measurement of CD activity.
Unsupervised Learning of Object Landmarks by Factorized Spatial Embeddings (2017)

Learning automatically the structure of object categories remains an important open problem in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach that can discover and learn landmarks in object categories, thus characterizing their structure. Our approach is based on factorizing image deformations, as induced by a viewpoint change or an object deformation, by learning a deep neural network that detects landmarks consistently with such visual effects. Furthermore, we show that the learned landmarks establish meaningful correspondences between different object instances in a category without having to impose this requirement explicitly. We assess the method qualitatively on a variety of object types, natural and man-made. We also show that our unsupervised landmarks are highly predictive of manually-annotated landmarks in face benchmark datasets, and can be used to regress these with a high degree of accuracy.
MIS: A Multiple-Level Logic Optimization System (1987)

MIS is both an interactive and a batch-oriented multilevel logic synthesis and minimization system. MIS starts from the combinational logic extracted, typically, from a high-level description of a macrocell. It produces a multilevel set of optimized logic equations preserving the input-output behavior. The system includes both fast and slower (but more optimal) versions of algorithms for minimizing the area, and global timing optimization algorithms to meet system-level timing constraints. This paper provides an overview of the system and a description of the algorithms used. Included are some examples illustrating an input language used for specifying logic and don't-cares. Parts on an industrial chip have been re-synthesized using MIS with favorable results as compared to equivalent manual designs.
The relationship between neutrophils and increased microvascular permeability in a model of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in the rabbit (1990)

1. 111In-labelled neutrophils and 125I-labelled albumin were used to measure neutrophil accumulation and microvascular plasma protein leakage in the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium of anaesthetized rabbits. 2. A period of 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion resulted in an increase in both 111In and 125I counts in the area at risk (AR) of the myocardium. 3. Pretreatment of 111In-neutrophils in vitro with monoclonal antibody 60.3 directed against the CD18 antigen on neutrophils, followed by intravenous administration, significantly suppressed their accumulation into the AR myocardium. 4. Depletion of circulating neutrophils by use of anti-neutrophil serum or mustine hydrochloride did not affect plasma protein leakage into the AR myocardium. 5. Administration of the platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist WEB 2086 (10 mg kg-1, i.v.) had no effect on the accumulation of 111In-neutrophils or on plasma protein leakage in the AR myocardium.
Structure-Function Relationship of Gonadotropins (1991)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and ObesityThe Endocrinologist (1991 - 2010) Published Ahead-of-PrintFor Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and PermissionsMobileNew Features All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Pronunciation of irregular words is preserved in dementia, validating premorbid IQ estimation (2004)

The National Adult Reading Test (NART), used to estimate premorbid mental ability, involves pronunciation of irregular words. The authors demonstrate that, after controlling for age 11 IQ test scores, mean NART scores do not differ in people with and without dementia. The correlation between age 11 IQ and NART scores at about age 80 was similar in the groups with (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and without (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) dementia. These findings validate the NART as an estimator of premorbid ability in mild to moderate dementia.
Molecular cloning and expression of rat liver N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase. (1992)

N-Heparan sulfate sulfotransferase catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate to the nitrogen of glucosamine in heparan sulfate. The enzyme has been previously purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver (Brandan, E., and Hirschberg, C. B. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 2417-2422). We have now cloned the rat liver enzyme using the following strategy: (a) the amino acid sequence was obtained from tryptic peptides of the purified protein, (b) mixed oligonucleotides were generated based on the sequence of the tryptic peptides, (c) a polymerase chain reaction fragment was obtained using mixed oligonucleotide interprimer amplification of cDNA, and (d) this fragment was used to screen rat liver lambda gt 10 and lambda ZAP libraries. Three clones were obtained, one of which seems to contain the complete coding sequence of the N-heparan sulfate sulfotransferase (N-HSST). Evidence that the cDNA clone corresponds to the previously purified and characterized N-HSST was the following: (a) the predicted sequence of the N-HSST contains all of the 11 tryptic peptides obtained from the purified protein, (b) when a cDNA containing the sequence coding for the N-HSST was introduced in a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected in COS-1 cells, the enzyme activity was expressed 9-fold over controls, and (c) the characteristic of the predicted protein fits with the purified protein in terms of molecular weight, membrane localization, and its being an N-linked glycoprotein. The size of the longest cDNA isolated is 4.1 kilobases, which is in close agreement with the 4.2-kilobase size of one of the mRNA observed in Northern analyses. In addition, messages of 7.0 and 8.5 kilobases were also observed, suggesting that a large portion is untranslated. The latter messages were the major mRNA species detected.
KIWI (2011)

Research on semantic-aware knowledge management provides new solutions, technologies, and methods to manage organizational knowledge. These solutions open new opportunities to “virtual challenges” as e-collaboration, e-business, e-learning and e-government. The research carried out for the KIWI (Knowledge-based Innovation for the Web Infrastructure) project is focused on the strategies for the current Web evolution in the more powerful Semantic Web, where formal semantic representation of resources enables a more effective knowledge sharing. The first pillar of the KIWI framework concerns development of ontologies as a metadata layer. Resources can be formally and semantically annotated with these metadata, while search engines or software agents can use them for retrieving the right information item or applying their reasoning capabilities. The second pillar of the KIWI framework is focused on the semantic search engine. Their capabilities and functionalities have to be improved in order to take advantage of the new semantic descriptions. A set of prototypal tools that enable knowledge experts to produce a semantic knowledge management system was delivered by the project. The KIWI framework and tools are applied in some projects for designing and developing knowledge-based platforms with positive results.
2B4 Engagement Mediates Rapid LFA-1 and Actin-Dependent NK Cell Adhesion to Tumor Cells as Measured by Single Cell Force Spectroscopy (2011)

Adhesion to tumor target cells is essential for initiation and execution of cellular cytotoxicity. In this study, we use single cell force spectroscopy to determine the exact biophysical values of the interaction forces between NK cells and tumor cells. We show that engagement of the activating NK cell receptor 2B4 can rapidly mediate an increase in the force necessary to separate NK cells from tumor cells, starting from 1 nN and increasing to 3 nN after only 120 s tumor cell contact. This early adhesion was mediated by the integrin LFA-1 and dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The ability of NK cells to rapidly adhere to tumor target cells is consistent with their function in innate immune responses. Our data further suggest that a killing decision is already made within 120- 300 s of tumor cell contact, supporting the essential function of cell adhesion during the early phase of cellular cytotoxicity.
How I treat anemia in pregnancy: iron, cobalamin, and folate (2016)

Anemia of pregnancy, an important risk factor for fetal and maternal morbidity, is considered a global health problem, affecting almost 50% of pregnant women. In this article, diagnosis and management of iron, cobalamin, and folate deficiencies, the most frequent causes of anemia in pregnancy, are discussed. Three clinical cases are considered. Iron deficiency is the most common cause. Laboratory tests defining iron deficiency, the recognition of developmental delays and cognitive abnormalities in iron-deficient neonates, and literature addressing the efficacy and safety of IV iron in pregnancy are reviewed. An algorithm is proposed to help clinicians diagnose and treat iron deficiency, recommending oral iron in the first trimester and IV iron later. Association of folate deficiency with neural tube defects and impact of fortification programs are discussed. With increased obesity and bariatric surgery rates, prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in pregnancy is rising. Low maternal cobalamin may be associated with fetal growth retardation, fetal insulin resistance, and excess adiposity. The importance of treating cobalamin deficiency in pregnancy is considered. A case of malarial anemia emphasizes the complex relationship between iron deficiency, iron treatment, and malaria infection in endemic areas; the heightened impact of combined etiologies on anemia severity is highlighted.