gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein Loads as a Separate Factor onto DNA Lesions (2003)

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the main DNA repair pathway in mammals for removal of UV-induced lesions. NER involves the concerted action of more than 25 polypeptides in a coordinated fashion. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein (XPA) has been suggested to function as a central organizer and damage verifier in NER. How XPA reaches DNA lesions and how the protein is distributed in time and space in living cells are unknown. Here we studied XPA in vivo by using a cell line stably expressing physiological levels of functional XPA fused to green fluorescent protein and by applying quantitative fluorescence microscopy. The majority of XPA moves rapidly through the nucleoplasm with a diffusion rate different from those of other NER factors tested, arguing against a preassembled XPA-containing NER complex. DNA damage induced a transient ( approximately 5-min) immobilization of maximally 30% of XPA. Immobilization depends on XPC, indicating that XPA is not the initial lesion recognition protein in vivo. Moreover, loading of replication protein A on NER lesions was not dependent on XPA. Thus, XPA participates in NER by incorporation of free diffusing molecules in XPC-dependent NER-DNA complexes. This study supports a model for a rapid consecutive assembly of free NER factors, and a relatively slow simultaneous disassembly, after repair.
The influence of CaSO4.2H2O upon the hydration character of 3CaO.Al2O3 (1966)

Summary This paper presents a quantitative interpretation of results of differential thermal analysis of hydration reactions at 2, 12,23 and 52°C of 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 mixed with 0, 0·25, 2·5, 10 or 20% gypsum, and compares these with length changes obtained from the hydration of compacts of these mixtures. Estimates of the relative reaction rates from d.t.a. peak areas and measurement of length change during these reactions showed marked agreement, although interpretation had to be made with caution. It was concluded that the formation of ettringite (high sulpho-aluminate) had no direct effect upon reaction rate, but that the reactivitv of 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 was reduced by the sorption of (SO 4 ) 2 − ions on active sites of its surface. Gypsum reduces the rate of conversion of the hexagonal hydro-aluminates to the cubic hexahydrate, probably also by sorption of (SO 4 ) 2 − ions, and thus is a second mechanism by which they can retard the normal hydration of 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 . The degree to which a given addition of gypsum retards the hydration of 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 at a particular temperature is affected by a balance between (1) the concentration of (SO 4 ) 2 − ions on and around the surface of the 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 ; (2) the rate of reaction of (SO 4 ) 2 − ions with the hexagonal hydro-aluminates; (3) the thickness of the hexagonal hydro-aluminate layer around the 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 grain. Reactions at the various temperatures are discllssed in terms of the above parameters.
Obesity (2002)

The most common nutritional disorders in the United States are overweight and obesity. This review discusses the treatment of overweight and obesity as chronic conditions that require a combined approach of behavioral therapy, exercise, dietary changes, and — in certain cases — medication. The authors consider the three classes of weight-loss drugs: those that suppress appetite, those that decrease nutrient absorption, and those that increase energy expenditure. Currently available and soon-to-be-released drugs are discussed.
High sensitivity analysis of proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis‐tandem mass spectrometry: Recent developments in technology and applications (1998)

Analytical biochemistry, in particular the analysis of regulatory proteins that control biological systems and pathways, is dependent on methods of ever-increasing sensitivity. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has long been recognized as an ultrasensitive analytical technique. In spite of the high sensitivity, CE has not penetrated protein discovery research as a standard analytical method. In this review article we summarize recent technical developments which have significantly enhanced CE as a tool for the analysis of trace amounts of proteins. Specifically, we review recent advances in the development and application of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and on-line analyte concentration techniques, and introduce the emerging field of microfluidics as a front end to mass spectrometry (MS).
The forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography (1998)

This article summarizes the theoretical underpinnings of both the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography. Space limitations prohibit describing all of the research work done in these areas, and the author apologizes in advance for any omissions on this account or due to oversight. The article should enable one to gain a better qualitative and quantitative understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Serum Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein as a Biochemical Marker to Differentiate Microbial Etiology in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2004)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, identification of the infecting organism is achievable in only 40–50% of cases, and results are not usually available when the diagnosis of pneumonia is first established (1)(2). Therefore, initial therapy is typically empirical, usually aimed at the standard bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae , and “atypical” pathogens (e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Legionella species, Chlamydophilia species, and Coxiella burnetii ) that have long been considered the most frequent causes of CAP. Given their effectiveness against S. pneumoniae as well as atypical organisms, macrolide antibiotics have been widely used as initial monotherapy in many cases of CAP. The selection of empirical therapy has become complicated by the emergence of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae , including a growing number of strains resistant to macrolides (1)(2)(3). In light of these uncertainties, clinicians may be inclined to prescribe broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage for many patients with CAP, a practice that could lead to increasing bacterial resistance over the next few years (3).

A patient-specific therapy for CAP that relies on antibiotics with a focused spectrum of activity could improve the care of the individual patient and prevent antibiotic abuse, reducing the risk of microorganisms becoming drug resistant. Therefore, the development of biomarkers to help clinicians predict the microbial etiology of CAP could be useful for selecting patient populations in which this strategy may be appropriate and effective. In fact, a therapeutic strategy based on the concentration of procalcitonin (PCT), a marker of bacterial infection, has recently demonstrated usefulness in reducing antibiotic overuse in lower respiratory tract infections (4).

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is the principal plasma protein responsible for transporting endotoxin molecules to immune effector cells bearing CD14 on their surface (5). High serum LBP concentrations have been found …
Compounded percutaneous testosterone gel: use and effects in hypogonadal men. (2001)

Topically applied testosterone gels are an effective and convenient means of hormone replacement in hypogonadal men.
Parallelization of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program (2010)

The parallelized version of MAFFT is available at http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/software/. This version currently supports the Linux operating system only.
Performance of Rapid Streptococcal Antigen Testing Varies by Personnel (2006)

Rapid carbohydrate antigen tests are frequently used to diagnose group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Despite evidence of modest sensitivity in medical settings, rapid antigen tests are available to the public for self-testing. We sought to determine if the personnel performing a rapid streptococcal antigen test influence the test's performance characteristics. Throat swabs of pediatric patients performed for GAS pharyngitis in a tertiary-care children's hospital network were included during two study periods in 2004 and 2005. The performance characteristics of a rapid carbohydrate antigen test were evaluated in three clinical settings against a nucleic acid probe test method according to the personnel performing the test (laboratory technologist versus nonlaboratory personnel). Between the study periods, nonlaboratory personnel from one site underwent retraining. Subsequently, the performance characteristics of the rapid antigen test were reassessed. The sensitivity of the rapid antigen test varied widely among the different testing sites (56 to 90%). Notably, test sensitivity was consistently greater when the test was performed by laboratory technologists than when it was performed by nonlaboratory personnel (P < 0.0001). Although the rapid antigen test sensitivity significantly improved after nonlaboratory personnel at one testing site were retrained (sensitivity before versus after retraining; P < 0.0001), the sensitivity remained greater in the laboratory technologist cohort (P < 0.0001). These data confirm the important relationship of the operator performing a rapid streptococcal antigen test with the test's accuracy, even in a clinical setting, where operator training is mandated. Therefore, its use outside the medical setting by lay persons cannot be recommended without culture backup.
Response of slow and fast muscle to hypothyroidism: maximal shortening velocity and myosin isoforms (1992)

This study examined both the shortening velocity and myosin isoform distribution of slow- (soleus) and fast-twitch (plantaris) skeletal muscles under hypothyroid conditions. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (n = 7) or hypothyroid (n = 7). In both muscles, the relative contents of native slow myosin (SM) and type I myosin heavy chain (MHC) increased in response to the hypothyroid treatment. The effects were such that the hypothyroid soleus muscle expressed only the native SM and type I MHC isoforms while repressing native intermediate myosin and type IIA MHC. In the plantaris, the relative content of native SM and type I MHC isoforms increased from 5 to 13% and from 4 to 10% of the total myosin pool, respectively. Maximal shortening velocity of the soleus and plantaris as measured by the slack test decreased by 32 and 19%, respectively, in response to hypothyroidism. In contrast, maximal shortening velocity as estimated by force-velocity data decreased only in the soleus (-19%). No significant change was observed for the plantaris.
Antiproliferative effect of spermine depletion by N-cyclohexyl-1,3-diaminopropane in human breast cancer cells. (1995)

Spermine is often the most abundant polyamine in human tumors such as breast carcinomas. However, its specific role in tumor biology is still uncertain, since inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine depress cell growth while leaving spermine content mostly unaffected. We have assessed the specific role of spermine in breast cancer cell growth using N-cyclohexyl-1,3-diaminopropane (C-DAP), a potent spermine synthase inhibitor. In ZR-75-1 cells, C-DAP decreased net cell growth after 14 days by 65% at 50 microm, with an IC50 of about 5 microM, and was about 10 times more potent than N-(n-butyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, another spermine synthase inhibitor. C-DAP acted as a specific inhibitor of spermine biosynthesis, since (a) it depleted spermine content while causing an equal or greater accumulation of spermidine on a molar basis, (b) it rapidly induced S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and the accumulation of its products due to relief of spermine-dependent inhibition of enzyme expression, and (c) exogenous spermine (1 microM) completely reversed C-DAP-induced growth inhibition. C-DAP and related compounds were accumulated, at least in part, through a mechanism distinct from the polyamine transport system, while also blocking putrescine and spermidine uptake with various potencies. Reversibility of C-DAP-induced growth inhibition by exogenous spermine was progressively lost on prolonged treatment, in association with marked morphological changes. In 4 different human breast cancer cell lines (ZR-75-1, T47-D, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231), relative growth sensitivity to C-DAP was inversely related to the extent of spermidine accumulation caused by spermine synthase inhibition, suggesting that spermidine overaccumulation can functionally replace spermine. Interestingly, C-DAP strongly potentiated growth inhibition caused by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in all cell lines tested by preventing conversion of residual spermidine to spermine, indicating that spermine synthesis limits alpha-difluoromethylornithine action and that under some critical threshold, spermidine cannot fulfill cellular needs for spermine. Thus, spermine plays specific and important functions in breast tumor growth, and spermine synthase inhibitors could markedly improve the therapeutic effectiveness of existing polyamine depletion strategies, especially in spermine-rich tumors.
A chip-scale integrated cavity-electro-optomechanics platform (2011)

We present an integrated optomechanical and electromechanical nanocavity, in which a common mechanical degree of freedom is coupled to an ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal defect cavity and an electrical circuit. The system allows for wide-range, fast electrical tuning of the optical nanocavity resonances, and for electrical control of optical radiation pressure back-action effects such as mechanical amplification (phonon lasing), cooling, and stiffening. These sort of integrated devices offer a new means to efficiently interconvert weak microwave and optical signals, and are expected to pave the way for a new class of micro-sensors utilizing optomechanical back-action for thermal noise reduction and low-noise optical read-out.
Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence : molecular reporting with photons : proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, October 1996 (1997)

Partial table of contents: CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND ENZYMOLOGY OF LIGHT EMITTING REACTIONS Mechanisms in Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence - Unfinished Business (F. McCapra) QUORUM SENSING AND REGULATORY ELEMENTS CONTROLLING BACTERIAL LUMINESCENCE Genetic Study of Chaperonin-Bacterial Luciferase Interactions (A. Escher, et al.) SYMBIOSES OF LUMINOUS BACTERIA WITH HIGHER ORGANISMS Free-Living and Associated Luminous Bacteria (G. Vydryakova & A. Kuznetsov) BIOLUMINESCENCE IN NATURE: PHYSIOLOGY, FUNCTION AND EVOLUTION Bioluminescent Signals and Systems: Variety is the Spice of Light (P. Herring) LUMINESCENCE IN SCIENCE EDUCATION Bacterial Bioluminescence in Ecological Education (V. Kratasyuk, et al.) FIREFLY LUMINESCENCE AND APPLICATIONS Chemical Modification of Firefly Luciferase (S. Ford, et al.) APPLICATIONS OF BIOLUMINESCENCE An ATP Based Bioassay System for Mycotoxin Detection (M. Sanders, et al.) LUMINESCENCE IN MEDICINE AND DISEASE, CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY Chemiluminescence Imaging as a Bioanalytical Tool (A. Roda, et al.) GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN, AEQUORIN AND OBELIN GFP as a Marker for a Nuclear Pore Complex Protein (G. Imreh, et al.) LUMINESCENCE REPORTER GENES IN CELL BIOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS Combined Luminescent Assays for Multiple Enzymes (I. Bronstein, et al.) APPLICATIONS OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE Structure-Activity Relationships of Boronic Acids (X. Ji & L. Kricka) INSTRUMENTATION AND DEVICES A New General, Unifying Approach to the Theory and Practice of Luminometric Methods of Analysis (D. Leaback) Index.
INHIBITION OF BACTERIA BY SOME VOLATILE AND NON-VOLATILE COMPOUNDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK (1974)

Nutrient broth inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus was dispensed into aerosol cans with an epoxy lining. Twenty-five volatile or non-volatile compounds were individually added to these cans to yield final concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm of each compound. The compounds used included fatty acids (formic, acetic, butyric, hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic), aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and glyoxal), ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, and diacetyl, amines (propyl- and hexylamine), alcohols (furfurol and methanol), sulfur compounds (methylsulfide, methylsulfone, methanethiol, and ethanethiol), acetonitrile, chloroform, ether, and ethylenedichloride. Bacteria were enumerated at intervals during incubation at 37 C. At 1000 ppm butyric acid was least inhibitory of the fatty acids, but at 10 ppm, butyric, octanoic, and decanoic acid were more effective against S. aureus than were the other fatty acids. Formaldehyde was most inhibitory of the aldehydes tested, whereas propionaldehyde was least effective. Diacetyl was most detrimental of the ketones tested. Chloroform at 1000 ppm inactivated S. aureus. Acetonitrile, ether, ethylenedichloride, and methylsulfone were significantly inhibitory to S. aureus only at higher concentrations. Lower concentrations of methylsulfide, methanethiol, and ethanethiol sometimes significantly enhanced growth of S. aureus. Amines were more inhibitory to S. aureus than were the alcohols.
Imaging of adenoviral-directed herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter gene expression in mice with radiolabeled ganciclovir. (1998)

These results demonstrate the feasibility of using [8-14C]-ganciclovir as a reporter probe for the HSV1-tk reporter gene, using an in vivo adenoviral mediated gene delivery system in a murine model. The results form the foundation for further investigation of [8-18F]-fluoroganciclovir for noninvasive and repeated imaging of gene expression with PET.
Nucleotidic sequence analysis of the variable domains of four human monoclonal IgM with an antibody activity to myelin‐associated glycoprotein (1993)

We determined the nucleotide sequence of the VL and VH regions of four human monoclonal IgM directed to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and a nerve glycolipid, the sulfated glucuronic paragloboside (SGPG). Clonal lymphoblastoid cell lines (three cases) and an heterohybridoma (one case) secreting anti-MAG IgM were derived from patients' blood B cells. V kappa genes derived from the single germinal V kappa IV (two cases), the V kappa Id and the V kappa IIIa Humkv328h5 genes. VH genes derived from the VHIII 9.1 germinal gene (or a closely related gene) in two cases, whereas two others possibly represent new members of the VHIII or VHI variability subgroups. There was no obvious restriction in the use of J kappa, JH and DH segments. Somatic mutations were predominantly found in the CDR3 of the V kappa IV genes with an overall ratio of replacement over silent mutations of 7/0. The sequence of two VHIII genes exhibited five replacement mutations in CDR in comparison to that of the germ-line 9.1 gene. Although some V genes are likely to be overrepresented among anti-MAG IgM, the diversity of the immune repertoire for MAG and SGPG explains the lack of easily detectable public idiotopes among these IgM. This last finding, as well as a high ratio of replacement versus silent nucleotide mutations in the CDR of VL and probably VH genes, suggest that the pathogenesis of these monoclonal antibodies (and of the associated lymphoplasmocytic disorder) differs from that of other previously characterized monoclonal autoantibodies such as rheumatoid factors and cold agglutinins.
Antimicrobial activity of silver‐containing dressings on wound microorganisms using an in vitro biofilm model (2007)

Antimicrobial dressings such as those containing silver are now being used widely to control wound bioburden, and tests to demonstrate their efficacy predominantly involve in vitro models using free-living or planktonic bacteria. In this present study a wide range of antibiotic-sensitive and resistant bacteria were tested in their quasi-sessile state using a standard agar assay and a second method used a poloxamer gel (true biofilm state - poloxamer encourages microorganisms to exhibit a more clinically relevant biofilm phenotype) technique. The antimicrobial activity of two silver dressings, a silver-containing Hydrofiber (SCH) dressing and a nanocrystalline silver-containing dressing (NCS), were evaluated on a variety of microorganisms, using a zone-of-inhibition (ZOI) test. When grown on agar (presenting a quasi-sessile state of each organism), the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms were generally more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. ZOIs associated with SCH dressing ranged between 5.7 and 17.5 mm; those for the NCS against the same group of organisms ranged between 1.9 and 8.6 mm. When grown on poloxamer gel, (presenting the biofilm state of each organism) the same group of microorganisms were less susceptible to both dressings. The SCH dressing was most effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI range: 2.6-6 mm); the NCS was most effective against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (i.e. ZOI range: 1-2.8 mm). Similarly to the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms, nine of ten antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains when grown on agar were more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. Although the microorganisms tested were universally less susceptible to the silver dressings when in their biofilm state, in the majority of cases, the SCH dressing demonstrated greater biofilm-inhibiting activity than the NCS.
The preparation of leukocyte‐poor red cells for transfusion by a simple cost‐effective technique (1984)

A modification of the microaggregate filtration technique for the production of leukocyte-poor red cell concentrate is described. The modified technique, termed 'spin, cool, and filter', removed leukocytes more efficiently from relatively fresh blood than the original microaggregate filtration procedure. The residual leukocyte content of 4- to 9-day-old units processed by the modified procedure averaged less than 0.4 X 10(9) white cells per unit. The microaggregate filtration technique, supplemented by buffy-coat exclusion, removed more than 93 percent of the units' white cells. These red cell products were prepared easily and did not elicit febrile reactions in highly susceptible patients.
Rangefinder, laser AN/GVS-5( ) (1977)

This AN/GVS-5 (V) Final Technical Report documents the two years of effort expended by RCA Corporation for the United States Army Electronics Command. This report describes effort which occurred subsequent to submission of the Design Plan which detailed the analytical effort, breadboarding and planned tests. This report makes frequent references to the Design Plan and described the differences in the final product. Pertinent excerpts from the Design Plan, which are referenced in this report, are included in Appendix A of this report. The principal items discussed are the: (1) Hand Held Laser Rangefinder, (2) Special Test Equipment, and (3) Azimuth - Elevation Head and Tripod. The performance characteristics or typical parameters are shown to meet the requirements of the development specification. Detailed definition of the hardware is fully documented in drawing sets. The results of perfomrnace and environmental tests are presented in detail, and finally, changes are recommended for future consideration. (Author)