gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral determinants of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virulence in rhesus macaques assessed by using attenuated and pathogenic molecular clones of SIVmac (1993)

To identify viral determinants of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virulence, two pairs of reciprocal recombinants constructed from a pathogenic (SIVmac239) and a nonpathogenic (SIVmac1A11) molecular clone of SIV were tested in rhesus macaques. A large 6.2-kb fragment containing gag, pol, env, and the regulatory genes from each of the cloned (parental) viruses was exchanged to produce one pair of recombinant viruses (designated SIVmac1A11/239gag-env/1A11 and SIVmac239/1A11gag-env/239 to indicate the genetic origins of the 5'/internal/3' regions, respectively, of the virus). A smaller 1.4-kb fragment containing the external env domain of each of the parental viruses was exchanged to create the second pair (SIVmac1A11/239env/1A11 and SIVmac239/1A11env/239) of recombinant viruses. Each of the two parental and four recombinant viruses was inoculated intravenously into four rhesus macaques, and all 24 animals were viremic by 4 weeks postinoculation (p.i.). Virus could not be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of any animals infected with SIVmac1A11 after 6 weeks p.i. but was consistently isolated from all macaques inoculated with SIVmac239 for 92 weeks p.i. Virus isolation was variable from animals infected with recombinant viruses; SIVmac1A11/239gag-env/1A11 and SIVmac239/1A11env/239 were isolated most frequently. Animals inoculated with SIVmac239 had 10 to 100 times more virus-infected PBMC than those infected with recombinant viruses. Three animals infected with SIVmac239 died with simian AIDS (SAIDS) during the 2-year observation period after inoculation, and the fourth SIVmac239-infected animal had clinical signs of SAIDS. Two animals infected with recombinant viruses died with SAIDS; one was infected with SIVmac239/1A11gag-env/239, and the other was infected with SIVmac1A11/239gag-env/1A11. The remaining 18 macaques remained healthy by 2 years p.i., and 13 were aviremic. One year after inoculation, peripheral lymph nodes of some of these healthy, aviremic animals harbored infected cells. All animals seroconverted within the first few weeks of infection, and the magnitude of antibody response to SIV was proportional to the levels and duration of viremia. Virus-suppressive PBMC were detected within 2 to 4 weeks p.i. in all animals but tended to decline as viremia disappeared. There was no association of levels of cell-mediated virus-suppressive activity and either virus load or disease progression. Taken together, these results indicate that differences in more than one region of the viral genome are responsible for the lack of virulence of SIVmac1A11.
Cortina de hormigón (2010)

&lt;p&gt;El empleo inusual de hormigón en este objeto, apto para el uso diario, presta su extraordinaria presencia. El contraste aparente entre la materialidad y la variabilidad se ha traducido en una obra de arquitectura textil. El color y la forma de los cojines de hormigón se pueden adaptar a la función respectiva. La cortina de hormigón se puede instalar en interiores y exteriores. Sirve como parasol, parabrisas, pantalla de privacidad, elemento de fachada, o como acumulador de calor.&lt;/p&gt;
Speed and voltage selection for GALS systems based on voltage/frequency islands (2005)

Due to increasing clock speeds and shrinking technologies, distributing a single global clock signal throughout a chip is becoming a difficult and challenging proposition. In this paper, we address the problem of energy optimal local speed and voltage selection in frequency/voltage island based systems under given performance constraints. Our results show that static voltage and speed assignment can achieve up to 42% savings in total energy for various media and signal processing applications, while application specific dynamic approaches provide up to 44% energy savings in the case of MPEG-2 encoder application, when compared to a single clocked system architecture.
Plasma miR-208 as a Biomarker of Myocardial Injury (2009)

The plasma concentration of miR-208 may be a useful indicator of myocardial injury. Our results suggest that profiling of circulating miRNAs may help identify promising biomarkers of various pathologic conditions.
Human monoclonal antibodies against a recombinant HIV envelope antigen produced by primary in vitro immunization. Characterization and epitope mapping. (1989)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy, HIV sero-negative blood donors have been in vitro immunized using penv9, a recombinant fragment of the envelope of HIV-1. This primary in vitro immunization followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation and somatic cell fusion subsequently gave rise to several specific anti-penv9 monoclonal antibodies (MO28, MO30 and MO43) of mu isotype. The hybridomas have been kept in culture for over 6 months and the antibody productivity for MO30 was measured to 18 micrograms x (24 hr x 10(6) cells)-1. The fine specificity of the antibodies was mapped by a peptide inhibition enzyme immunoassay, using overlapping synthetic pentadeca peptides covering the whole penv9. These human monoclonal antibodies exhibited a similar epitope specificity directed against a non-sequential determinant, including the amino acids 632-646, 677-681 and 687-691. This specificity is very rarely found in immune sera from seropositive patients and presently not reported in human monoclonal antibodies derived from in vivo immunized individuals, indicating that different antibody specificities can be obtained by the in vitro immunization technology. These human monoclonal antibodies did not neutralize HIV. The results presented here demonstrate the feasability of generating human monoclonal antibodies against HIV by primary in vitro immunizations, thereby avoiding the use of lymphocytes derived from infected patients when human monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes are to be produced.
Basement‐membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan binds to laminin by its heparan sulfate chains and to nidogen by sites in the protein core (1992)

A large, low-density form of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor and demonstrated to bind in immobilized-ligand assays to laminin fragment E3, collagen type IV, fibronectin and nidogen. The first three ligands mainly recognize the heparan sulfate chains, as shown by inhibition with heparin and heparan sulfate and by the failure to bind to the proteoglycan protein core. Nidogen, obtained from the EHS tumor or in recombinant form, binds exclusively to the protein core in a heparin-insensitive manner. Studies with other laminin fragments indicate that the fragment E3 possesses a unique binding site of laminin for the proteoglycan. A major binding site of nidogen was localized to its central globular domain G2 by using overlapping fragments. This allows for the formation of ternary complexes between laminin, nidogen and proteoglycan, suggesting a key role for nidogen in basement-membrane assembly. Evidence is provided for a second proteoglycan-binding site in the C-terminal globule G3 of nidogen, but this interaction prevents the formation of such ternary complexes. Therefore, the G3-mediated nidogen binding to laminin and proteoglycan are mutually exclusive.
Lysis and protoplast formation of group B streptococci by mutanolysin (1980)

Group B streptococci, refractory to previously tested muralysins under physiological conditions, were successfully converted to protoplasts by use of a recently describede N-acetyl muramidase, mutanolysin, derived from a streptomycete. Purified enzyme was effective, but crude preparations, although degrading cell walls, simultaneously produced peculiar effects of cytoplasmic coagulation, retention of cell shape, loss of some intracellular enzymes, and a rise in optical density. Addition of purified mutanolysin to the array of muralysins (group C streptococcal phage-associated lysin, lysozyme), previously successful in preparing protoplasts of different streptococci, now makes possible enzymatic preparation of protoplasts of streptococci of groups A, B, C. D. G, and H.
Regulation of IL‐13 synthesis in human lymphocytes: implications for asthma therapy (2002)

1. IL-13 is an important mediator in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. IL-13 is mainly produced by T cells. However, signalling pathways leading to induction of this cytokine are not well-characterized. We analysed the regulation of IL-13 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4(+) T cells. 2. Cyclosporine (CsA) and FK-506 inhibited IL-13 synthesis, when cells were stimulated by TPA/ionomycin. However, stimulation by alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 led to an enhanced IL-13 synthesis. 3. NF-kappa B inhibitor N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK) inhibited IL-13 synthesis more effectively after TPA/ionomycin stimulation. After alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulation, only 300 microM TLCK inhibited IL-13 synthesis. Dexamethasone inhibited IL-13 equally effective after alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 and TPA/ionomycin stimulation. 4. p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited IL-13 synthesis only partially. MEK inhibitor U0126 inhibited TPA/ionomycin induced IL-13 synthesis very effectively, whereas alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulated IL-13 induction was resistant to this drug. 5. These results were confirmed in purified CD4(+) T cells. In difference to PBMCs alpha-CD3/alpha-CD28 stimulated IL-13 synthesis was effectively inhibited by CsA, FK-506 and U0126. 6. Therefore U0126 was tested in an animal model of allergic asthma. We could demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of the MEK - ERK cascade is a therapeutic option for asthma. Intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg kg(-1) U0126 reduced lung eosinophilia in ovalbumin-challenged Brown Norway rats by 44%. 7. These results demonstrate that different signalling pathways are involved in regulating IL-13 synthesis in primary human T cells. Characterizing highly potent inhibitors of IL-13 synthesis can be exploited to identify new drugs to treat immunological diseases such as asthma.
Diminished arterial elasticity in diabetes: association with fluorescent advanced glycosylation end products in collagen (1993)

These data suggest that non-enzymatic glycosylation of matrix proteins, and specifically collagen, may modify arterial elasticity in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
Performance and Scalability of GPU-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (2010)

In this paper we present the implementation of a framework for accelerating training and classification of arbitrary Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on the GPU. CNNs are a derivative of standard Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks optimized for two-dimensional pattern recognition problems such as Optical Character Recognition (OCR) or face detection. We describe the basic parts of a CNN and demonstrate the performance and scalability improvement that can be achieved by shifting the computation-intensive tasks of a CNN to the GPU. Depending on the network topology training and classification on the GPU performs 2 to 24 times faster than on the CPU. Furthermore, the GPU version scales much better than the CPU implementation with respect to the network size.
Practical Synthesis of a Vanilloid Receptor-1 Antagonist (2008)

Small molecule TRPV1 antagonists have been a recent focus in the search for pain treatment agents. We herein describe a practical and scalable synthesis of AMG 628 (1), a bis-substituted pyrimidine derivative that was identified as a highly efficacious agent, suitable for clinical development. Highlights of our approach include a practical route to a substituted benzothiazole, a scalable synthesis of an enantiopure piperazine fragment, and identification of conditions for selective coupling reactions on 2,6-dichloropyrimidine, to access the active pharmaceutical ingredient in high purity and overall yield.
Plant regeneration in cell suspension cultures of the cooking banana cv. Bluggoes' (Musa spp. ABB group) (1991)

Des cultures de suspensions cellulaires chez un clone bien connu du bananier a cuire Bluggoe' (Musa spp., groupe ABB) ont ete etablies dans un milieu MS modifie contenant 5aM 2, 4-D et 1 aM zeatine en cultivant les scalps meristematiques preleves sur les cultures des bourgeons apicaux en proliferation. La regeneration en plantes a partir des cultures de suspensions a ete realisee en passant par une sequence a quatre etapes impliquant des milieux determines differents. Des globules embryogeniques se sont formes lorsqu'une suspension filtree a ete cultivee dans un milieu liquide sans regulateurs de croissance. L'addition de cytokinine a ete essentielle par la suite pour la maturation et la regeneration de ces globules et a permis la regeneration de plantes a une frequence de 10-14, 5 p. 100. L'embryogenese somatique a montre, a tous les stades, une ressemblance morphologique et histologique remarquable avec l'embryogenese zygotique chez une espece de bananier sauvage. Les embryons somatiques ont ete produits directement a partir de cellules en suspensions et non a travers un cal. Les embryons somatiques germes se sont etablis sur sol avec succes. La simplicite relative de ce protocole de culture cellulaire peut accroitre la faisabilite des approches integrees en biotechnologie dans les schemas de l'amelioration du bananier et bananier plantain
Hierarchical wideband multicarrier CDMA systems (2002)

Hierarchical wideband multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems are studied. A MC-CDMA system divides the system bandwidth into several equal narrow subbands that are used to transmit multiple signal waveforms in parallel. MC-CDMA systems are known to be robust to multipath fading and narrowband interference. We propose a hierarchical MC-CDMA system where the microcell(s) occupies a fraction of the available subbands. It is shown that such an architecture is a viable way of supporting microcell traffic while protecting the existing macrocell traffic.
Preservation of metabolic activity in lyophilized human erythrocytes. (1992)

Normal human erythrocytes (RBC) were freeze-dried under conditions that caused minimal modification in normal RBC metabolic activities. Because of the known effects of long-term storage on metabolic activities, we studied the effects of our lyophilization process on RBC metabolism. Of all the metabolic enzymes studied, only triosephosphate isomerase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketol-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1), enolase (2-phospho-D-glyceratehydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.11), and pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate O2-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) were decreased when compared with fresh control nonlyophilized RBC. The activities of these enzymes did not differ significantly from those of blood bank RBC. Concentrations of high-energy intermediates, ATP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, along with lactate and ATP production were decreased in lyophilized RBC. No enzymes of the pentose phosphate shunt were altered during lyophilization. In addition, our data show that lyophilized RBC possess an intact capacity to (i) synthesize adenine nucleotides and (ii) reduce MetHb to Hb and, thus, maintain the Hb in a functional physiologic state similar to fresh nonlyophilized RBC. The present study demonstrates the possibility of lyophilizing RBC in a manner that maintains normal metabolic and enzymatic function upon rehydration.
Clinical Implication of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease (2014)

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) appears to have a predilection for some neurodegenerative disorders, especially synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. The frequency of RBD in PD has been reported to variably range from 20 to 72%. RBD may precede or follow onset of parkinsonism. Idiopathic RBD may foreshadow neurodegenerative diseases, and RBD in patients with PD has several associated clinical factors although their causal or temporal relationships are not known. RBD may be associated with the development of hallucinations and dementia in PD. It has been reported that the male gender, old age, a non-tremor motor subtype, a more severe parkinsonism, fall, longer disease duration, autonomic dysfunction, and higher levodopa doses are factors associated with RBD in PD. This review will address the clinical implications of RBD as a preclinical marker of neurodegenerative diseases and PD phenotypes associated with RBD.
Pesticide Analysis, Pyridine-Alkali Reactions in the Analysis of Pesticides Containing Active Halogen Atoms (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPesticide Analysis, Pyridine-Alkali Reactions in the Analysis of Pesticides Containing Active Halogen AtomsH. P. Burchfield and P. H. SchuldtCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1958, 6, 2, 106–111Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60084a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60084a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discordance in HER2 gene amplification in circulating and disseminated tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer (2013)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) might be useful for modifying Herceptin therapy in breast cancer. In the process of investigating the utility of a microfluidic platform for detecting HER2 gene amplification in these cells, we observed novel results on discordance of HER2 status. Peripheral blood (8.5 mL) and bone marrow (BM) (7.5-10 mL) were collected prospectively from patients with clinical stages I-IV breast cancer. Mononuclear cells were recovered, stained with cytokeratin (CK), CD45, and DAPI, and processed through microfluidic channels for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A ratio of HER2:CEP17 >2 in any CK+/CD45 or CK-/CD45 cell was regarded as positive for HER2 gene amplification. Peripheral blood from 95 patients and BM from 78 patients were studied. We found CK+/CD45-/DAPI+ CTCs in 27.3% of patients. We evaluated HER2 gene amplification by FISH in 88 blood and 78 BM specimens and found HER2+ CTCs in 1 of 9 (11.1%) and HER2+ DTCs (27.2%) in 3 of 11 patients with HER2+ primary tumor. Among patients with a HER2- primary tumor, 5 of 79 had HER2+ CTCs (6.3%) and 14 of 67 had HER2+ DTCs (20.8%). The overall rate of discordance in HER2 status was 15% between primary tumor and CTCs and 28.2% between primary tumor and DTCs. HER2 was amplified in CTCs and DTCs in a portion of both HER2+ and HER2- primary tumors. HER2 discordance was more frequent for DTCs. The clinical implications of evaluating HER2 status in CTCs and DTCs in breast cancer needs to be established in prospective clinical trials. The cell enrichment and extraction microfluidic technology provides a sensitive platform for evaluation of HER2 gene amplification in CTCs and DTCs.
Induction of resistance to diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice by targeting CD44 with a specific monoclonal antibody (2000)

Inflammatory destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets is the hallmark of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a spontaneous autoimmune disease of non-obese diabetic mice resembling human juvenile (type I) diabetes. Histochemical analysis of diabetic pancreata revealed that mononuclear cells infiltrating the islets and causing autoimmune insulitis, as well as local islet cells, express the CD44 receptor; hyaluronic acid, the principal ligand of CD44, is detected in the islet periphery and islet endothelium. Injection of anti-CD44 mAb 1 hr before cell transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes and subsequently on alternate days for 4 weeks induced considerable resistance to diabetes in recipient mice, reflected by reduced insulitis. Contact sensitivity to oxazolone was not influenced by this treatment. A similar antidiabetic effect was observed even when the anti-CD44 mAb administration was initiated at the time of disease onset: i.e., 4-7 weeks after cell transfer. Administration of the enzyme hyaluronidase also induced appreciable resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, suggesting that the CD44-hyaluronic acid interaction is involved in the development of the disease. These findings demonstrate that CD44-positive inflammatory cells may be a potential therapeutic target in insulin-dependent diabetes.
Deep correlations for texture synthesis (2017)

Example-based texture synthesis has been an active research problem for over two decades. Still, synthesizing textures with nonlocal structures remains a challenge. In this article, we present a texture synthesis technique that builds upon convolutional neural networks and extracted statistics of pretrained deep features. We introduce a structural energy, based on correlations among deep features, which capture the self-similarities and regularities characterizing the texture. Specifically, we show that our technique can synthesize textures that have structures of various scales, local and nonlocal, and the combination of the two.
Mild Synthesis of Amino‐Poly(ethylene glycol)s. Application to Steric Stabilization of Clays (2003)

Abstract The hydroxyl end groups of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been transformed easily and quantitatively into amino groups via the Mitsunobu reaction. Phthalimide was alkylated with PEGs and the hydrazinolysis of the resulting phthalimido‐PEGs gave the amino compounds in high yields. Quaternization of the amino groups leads to hydrophilic polymer chains bearing a positive charge on one or two ends, depending on the chosen PEG. Such products can be used to protect sterically, negatively charged particles such as clays. magnified image
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Thiol–Disulfide Exchange (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Molecular Aspects of Thiol–Disulfide Exchange Cellular Aspects of Thiol-Disulfide Exchange
Mechanistic Insights into Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions: Chemical and Spectroscopic Evidence for a Metalloenolate Intermediate (1998)

In situ IR spectroscopy and transmetalation experiments confirm a postulated catalytic cycle. The metalloenolate 1 describes the active intermediate in the aldol reaction catalyzed by [CuF<sub>2</sub> {(S)-tol-binap}] (see reaction scheme). (S)-tol-binap=(S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(di-p-tolylphosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl.