gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles as a Predictor of the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Men (1997)

These results represent the first prospective evidence suggesting that the presence of small, dense LDL particles may be associated with an increased risk of subsequently developing IHD in men. Results also suggest that the risk attributed to small LDL particles may be partly independent of the concomitant variation in plasma lipoprotein-lipid concentrations.
Direct Force Measurements at Polymer Brush Surfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy (1998)

We present the results of two studies: (1) a comparison of force−distance (F−D) profiles obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the surface forces apparatus (SFA) for a poly(2-vinylpyridine)−polystyrene (PVP−PS) brush in good solvent; (2) a series of F−D profiles for a poly(4-tert-butylstyrene)−sodium poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PtBS−NaPSS) brush as a function of aqueous NaCl concentration. The AFM force profiles of the neutral PVP−PS brush are less steep than the corresponding surface forces data in the regime of high brush compression, in agreement with a recent molecular simulation study that indicated the tip would splay polymer chains and penetrate the brush. We also observe a bimodal distribution of interaction distances for the AFM force profiles of the PVP−PS brush which we ascribe to the tip sampling regions of higher and lower chain density during consecutive force measurements. AFM F−D profiles of the PtBS−NaPSS brush show a strong dependence of interaction distance on NaCl concentration, and a plot of interaction distance vs salt concentration shows predicted power law behavior. Images of both the PVP−PS and PtBS−NaPSS brushes show that the chain density is not uniform which gives rise to variations in the interaction distances measured by AFM. By facilitating measurements of local force profiles, AFM complements SFA measurements of interfacial forces and allows measurement of brush heterogeneity.
Riluzole for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND) (2002)

Riluzole 100 mg daily is reasonably safe and probably prolongs survival by about two months in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. More studies are needed, especially to clarify its effect in older patients (over 75 years), and those with more advanced disease.
Lanthanides to Quantum Dots Resonance Energy Transfer in Time-Resolved Fluoro-Immunoassays and Luminescence Microscopy (2006)

A time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay (TR-FIA) format is presented based on resonance energy transfer from visible emitting lanthanide complexes of europium and terbium, as energy donors, to semiconductor CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (quantum dots, QD), as energy acceptors. The spatial proximity of the donor-acceptor pairs is obtained through the biological recognition process of biotin, coated at the surface of the dots (Biot-QD), and streptavidin labeled with the lanthanide markers (Ln-strep). The energy transfer phenomenon is evident from simultaneous lanthanide emission quenching and QD emission sensitization with a 1000-fold increase of the QD luminescence decay time reaching the hundred mus regime. Delayed emission detection allows for quantification of the recognition process and demonstrated a nearly quantitative association of the biotins to streptavidin with sensitivity limits reaching 1.2 pM of QD. Spectral characterization permits calculation of the energy transfer parameters. Extremely large Förster radii (R(0)) values were obtained for Tb (104 A) and Eu (96 A) as a result of the relevant spectral overlap of donor emission and acceptor absorption. Special attention was paid to interactions with the varying constituents of the buffer for sensitivity and transfer efficiency optimization. The energy transfer phenomenon was also monitored by time-resolved luminescence microscopy experiments. At elevated concentration (>10(-)(5) M), Tb-strep precipitated in the form of pellets with long-lived green luminescence, whereas addition of Biot-QD led to red emitting pellets, with long excited-state decay times. The Ln-QD donor-acceptor hybrids appear as highly sensitive analytical tools both for TR-FIA and time-resolved luminescence microscopy experiments.
Right to reply to the Staff Association's Flash of 9 August 2004 Social and cultural activities (2004)

Le "Flash" diffus par l'Association du personnel le 9 aot dernier accuse la Direction d'avoir mal inform le personnel dans le communiqu de presse publi aprs la session du Conseil en juin.Ce communiqu s'inspirait d'un rapport que j'ai prsent au Conseil sur l'avancement du projet LHC.Les nombreux problmes que pose l'excution du contrat pour l'installation de la ligne de distribution cryognique (QRL) n'ont jamais t cachs.Dans le pass, ces problmes ont concern principalement l'organisation des travaux d'installation, de mme que des conflits entre l'entreprise contractante et ses sous-traitants.Des changes nergiques entre la Direction du CERN et les responsables de cette entreprise, qui ont eu lieu au plus haut niveau avant la session de juin du Conseil, ont permis de rsoudre ces problmes.Lors de mon rapport au Conseil, j'avais bon espoir que le projet QRL tait de nouveau sur la bonne voie.Malheureusement, une semaine plus tard, une inspection technique dans les locaux de l'entreprise a rvl des fissures dans un lment d'un module de la QRL, galement constates dans de nombreux autres modules.Ces lments sont situs profondment l'intrieur de la superisolation et seul un examen endoscopique permet de les inspecter.L'analyse mene ultrieurement par les spcialistes du CERN a rapidement permis d'identifier l'origine du problme.Des mesures correctives sont en cours afin que la production puisse redmarrer le plus rapidement possible et, paralllement, que les lments dj produits puissent tre rpars.Ce n'est pas la premire fois que le CERN doit intervenir auprs d'une entreprise pour rsoudre les difficults de celle-ci et, comme l'accoutume, la ractivit du personnel de l'Organisation a t exemplaire.Un plan de rparation est en place et le calendrier d'installation a t remani afin de rduire son minimum l'incidence de ce contretemps.Je suis pleinement conscient de l'ampleur de la tche qui nous attend, mais j'ai tout fait confiance dans notre aptitude relever ce dfi.Je suis membre de l'Association du personnel depuis plus de 30 ans et, si je ne souscris pas toujours ses actions, j'ai toujours apprci l'honntet avec laquelle les faits sont prsents au personnel.Droger ce principe, comme cela a t fait dans le "Flash" mentionn ci-dessus, n'est dans l'intrt ni du projet LHC, ni du CERN.
Evidence that Surface Proteins Sn14 and Sn16 ofSarcocystis neuronaMerozoites Are Involved in Infection and Immunity (1998)

Sarcocystis neurona is the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Based on an analysis of 25,000 equine serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, including samples from horses with neurologic signs typical of EPM or with histologically or parasitologically confirmed EPM, four major immunoblot band patterns have been identified. Twenty-three serum and CSF samples representing each of the four immunoblot patterns were selected from 220 samples from horses with neurologic signs resembling EPM and examined for inhibitory effects on the infectivity of S. neurona by an in vitro neutralization assay. A high correlation between immunoblot band pattern and neutralizing activity was detected. Two proteins, Sn14 and Sn16 (14 and 16 kDa, respectively), appeared to be important for in vitro infection. A combination of the results of surface protein labeling, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and trypsin digestion suggests that these molecules are surface proteins and may be useful components of a vaccine against S. neurona infection. Although S. neurona is an obligate intracellular parasite, it is potentially a target for specific antibodies which may lyse merozoites via complement or inhibit their attachment and penetration to host cells.
Eye Gaze Calculation Based on Nonlinear Polynomial and Generalized Regression Neural Network (2009)

In this paper, we present a method of calculating the direction of the line of sight, which is based on nonlinear polynomial and generalized regression neural network, using an active infrared light source system. First of all, we get a model to map the gaze parameter to the gaze point under the circumstances of a static head with nonlinear polynomial and Generalized regression neural network are then used to compensate for different head position, so that nonlinear mapping function is extended to any head position, and then we can accurately estimate the gaze under head movement. The experiment and application in an interactive graphical interface system have verified the validity of this method.
Property Rights and Growth Management in Florida: Balancing Opportunity and Responsibility in a Changing Political Climate (1996)

This Article examines the practical and legal consequences of the Florida's Property Rights Act on its growth management system. Responding to a vocal property rights movement, in 1995 Florida enacted one of the most far reaching property rights compensation measures to date. The new law allows property owners to seek compensation for any governmental action that "inordinately burdens" the use of their property, a threshold below the requirement for a constitutional takings claim. Ten years earlier, Florida enacted a comprehensive growth management system aimed at protecting Florida's dwindling natural resources and preserving the quality of life enjoyed by the state's citizens. The reality of smaller fiscal resources available to government at both the state and local levels leaves the property rights law in inherent conflict with growth management goals. Historically, a variety of land use ethics have guided our land use decisions. Two ethics in particular, opportunity and responsibility, seem wholly irreconcilable on the surface, however, both are, in fact, inseparable when considered in the inter-generational context of sustainable development. These ethics serve as a guide to the supporters of both growth management and property rights protection. This Article explores some of the practical impacts of the new property rights law on growth management and argues that if Florida's citizens ignore these fundamental ethics by blindly applying the new property rights measure, its growth management goals will not be realized.
An Endonuclease Switching Mechanism in the Virion RNA and cRNA Promoters of Thogoto Orthomyxovirus (1998)

An in vitro assay was developed to investigate endonuclease activity of Thogoto virus, a tick-borne orthomyxovirus. Endonuclease activity relied on an interaction between the 3' and 5' termini of virion RNA (vRNA) and not those of cRNA. Evidence was obtained that cap structures are cleaved directly from cap donors and that cleavage does not occur after pyrimidines. A 5' hook structure, present in the vRNA promoter but not the cRNA promoter, was introduced into cRNA promoter mutants. These mutants stimulated endonuclease activity, although at levels slightly lower than that of vRNA. The ability of the cRNA promoter to stimulate endonuclease activity when mutated to contain a 5' hook structure indicates that this structure constitutes a switching mechanism for endonuclease activity between the vRNA and cRNA promoters.
Construction of Avian Adenovirus CELO Recombinants in Cosmids (2001)

The avian adenovirus CELO is a promising vector for gene transfer applications. In order to study this potentiality, we developed an improved method for construction of adenovirus vectors in cosmids that was used to engineer the CELO genome. For all the recombinant viruses constructed by this method, the ability to produce infectious particles and the stability of the genome were evaluated in a chicken hepatocarcinoma cell line (LMH cell line). Our aim was to develop a replication-competent vector for vaccination of chickens, so we first generated knockout point mutations into 16 of the 22 unassigned CELO open reading frames (ORFs) to determine if they were essential for virus replication. As the 16 independent mutant viruses replicated in our cellular system, we constructed CELO genomes with various deletions in the regions of these nonessential ORFs. An expression cassette coding for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was inserted in place of these deletions to easily follow expression of the transgene and propagation of the vector in cell monolayers. Height-distinct GFP-expressing CELO vectors were produced that were all replication competent in our system. We then retained the vector backbone with the largest deletion (i.e., 3.6 kb) for the construction of vectors carrying cDNA encoding infectious bursal disease virus proteins. These CELO vectors could be useful for vaccination in the chicken species.
Identification and characterization of rabbit-mouse hybridomas secreting rabbit immunoglobulin chains. (1980)

Standard cell-fusion techniques have been used to generate hybrid cells from rabbit spleen cells and mouse myeloma cell lines. The hybrids were selected for secretion of rabbit immunoglobulin. Detailed allotype analyses were carried out for 189 cell lines found to be immunoglobulin positive: 1 produced an intact immunoglobulin molecule with antibody activity, 143 produced rabbit light (L) chains, 36 produced rabbit heavy (H) chains, and 9 cell lines gave negative results in tests for group a and b allotypes. Fusions with a nonproducing murine myeloma cell line (SP-2) yielded only L chain-secreting hybrids, whereas 27% of hybrids resulting from fusion with an L chain-producing line (PU) secreted rabbit H chains paired with mouse L chains. Several of the hybridomas have maintained the ability to produce rabbit immunoglobulin chains in culture for almost 1 year and can be propagated as ascites tumors in athymic (nude) mice. Cytogenetic analyses have detected no rabbit chromosomes in the stable hybrid cell lines.
A Survey of Methods for Explaining Black Box Models (2018)

In recent years, many accurate decision support systems have been constructed as black boxes, that is as systems that hide their internal logic to the user. This lack of explanation constitutes both a practical and an ethical issue. The literature reports many approaches aimed at overcoming this crucial weakness, sometimes at the cost of sacrificing accuracy for interpretability. The applications in which black box decision systems can be used are various, and each approach is typically developed to provide a solution for a specific problem and, as a consequence, it explicitly or implicitly delineates its own definition of interpretability and explanation. The aim of this article is to provide a classification of the main problems addressed in the literature with respect to the notion of explanation and the type of black box system. Given a problem definition, a black box type, and a desired explanation, this survey should help the researcher to find the proposals more useful for his own work. The proposed classification of approaches to open black box models should also be useful for putting the many research open questions in perspective.
Electrostatic effects in proteins: comparison of dielectric and charge models (1991)

Two approaches for calculating electrostatic effects in proteins are compared and ana analysis is presented of the dependence of calculated properties on the model used to define the charge distribution. Changes in electrostatic free energy have been calculated using a screened Coulomb potential (SCP) with a distance-dependent effective dielectric permittivity to model bulk solvent effects and a finite difference approach to solve the Poisson-Boltzmann (FDPB) equation. The properties calculated include shifts in dissociation constants of ionizable groups, the effect of annihilating surface charges on the binding of metals, and shifts in redox potentials due to changes in the charge of ionizable groups. In the proteins considered the charged sites are separated by 3.5-12 A. It is shown that for the systems studied in this distance range the SCP yields calculated values which are at least as accurate as those obtained from solution of the FDPB equation. In addition, in the distance range 3-5 A the SCP gives substantially better results than the FDPB equation. Possible sources of this difference between the two methods are discussed. Shifts in binding constants and redox potentials were calculated with several standard charge sets, and the resulting values show a variation of 20-40% between the 'best' and 'worst' cases. From this study it is concluded that in most applications, changes in electrostatic free energies can be calculated economically and reliably using an SCP approach with a single functional form of the screening function.
Electrically Conductive “Alkylated” Graphene Paper via Chemical Reduction of Amine‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide Paper (2009)

Conductive “alkylated” graphene paper is prepared by post-fabrication modification of graphene oxide paper with hexylamine followed by hydrazine reduction in a one-pot process. The “alkylation” with hexylamine stabilizes the stacked paper structure during the reduction, maintaining its well-ordered morphology and resulting in uniform conductivity and good mechanical properties. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
IL-15 mimics T cell receptor crosslinking in the induction of cellular proliferation, gene expression, and cytotoxicity in CD8+memory T cells (2002)

Generation of CD8(+) memory T cells requires antigenic stimulation through T cell receptor (TCR); however, maintenance of CD8(+) memory T cells seems to be mediated by cytokines, such as IL-15, in a TCR-independent manner. Compared with the TCR-induced activation, less is known about the mechanisms of IL-15 action. We report here a comparative and kinetic analysis of the responses of memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells to IL-15 or TCR (anti-CD3) stimulation in vitro. These two stimuli induce highly similar responses in memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells as measured by cellular proliferation, gene expression changes, synthesis of effector molecules (IFNgamma, tumor necrosis factor beta, granzyme B, and perforin), and induction of cytotoxicity. From 189 genes/expressed sequence tags (ESTs) whose expression changed in CD8(+) memory T cells after IL-15 and anti-CD3 stimulation identified by cDNA microarray analysis, 77% of the genes/ESTs exhibit a highly similar pattern of expression between IL-15 and anti-CD3-treated cells, and only 16% and 7% of the genes/ESTs are differentially expressed in response to IL-15 and anti-CD3 treatments, respectively. These results show that IL-15 and anti-CD3 stimulation induced remarkably similar gene expression and effector function. Thus, IL-15 acts not only as a crucial growth factor but also as an antigen-independent activator of effector functions for CD8(+) memory T cells.
Identification and characterization of a novel spliced variant that encodes human soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in a broad spectrum of inflammatory and immune responses including proliferation, differentiation and cell death induction in several cell types. The biological effects of TNF-alpha are mediated via the cell-surface TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. Soluble forms of these two receptors, which contain the extracellular ectodomains, are proteolytically cleaved from the membrane. High levels of soluble (s) TNFR2 in serum have been documented in multiple inflammatory pathologies. We describe here a new differential spliced isoform of human TNFR2 missing exons 7 and 8, DS-TNFR2(Delta7,8). This novel isoform lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Expression studies with DS-TNFR2(Delta7,8) cDNA transiently transfected COS cells showed that it encodes a sTNFR2 receptor of approximately 42 kDa. Soluble DS-TNFR2(Delta7,8) blocked TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, which suggests that it regulates TNF-alpha function by antagonizing its biological activity. An ELISA was developed that quantifies sTNFR2 generated by alternative splicing. Our data show that sTNFR2 generated by alternative splicing can be found in sera of healthy individuals, at increased levels in patients with sepsis and at high concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Magnetic resonance imaging compared to echocardiography to assess left ventricular mass in the hypertensive patient (1995)

Echocardiography (ECHO) is useful to document changes in left ventricular mass (LVM) in groups of patients, but may be too variable for use in the individual patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a more precise and reliable method to quantify the mass of the left ventricule. This study reports the accuracy, precision, and reliability of LVM estimates by MRI as compared to data obtained by ECHO in hypertensive patients. Accuracy referred to the comparison of LVM by MRI to anatomical LVM determined by autopsy. Precision was examined using 34 duplicate MRI images and by blindly reading 24 duplicate M-mode strips. Reliability was assessed by MRI in four subjects over 2 months, and by ECHO in 22 hypertensive patients over 2 weeks. Agreement between MRI and ECHO estimates of LVM was determined in the same 17 hypertensive patients using linear regression. MRI LVM estimates were within 17.5 g (95% CI) of the true LVM. The linear agreement between MRI and ECHO estimates of LVM could be described by the equation MRI = 0.61 x ECHO + 49.57 (r = 0.63, P < .01). The precision of LVM by MRI (11 g) was over twice that observed with ECHO (26 g). The reliability of MRI LVM estimates was more consistent (+/- 8 g) than that for ECHO (+/- 49 g). MRI appears to be a more precise and reliable method for measuring LVM, and would be more suitable than ECHO for the clinical evaluation of the individual patient.
Studies on 1,3,5-S-Triazine : Synthesis of Some Possible Antituberculous Compounds (1971)

In the present investigation some N'-[N-2-(4-arylamino)-1,3,5-S-Triazino glycyl]-N<sup>2</sup>-(arylidene) hydrazines, 1-[N -2' -(4' -arylamino)-1,3,5-Triazino glycyl)-4-Aryl semicarbazide and 1-[N-2'(4'-arylamino)- 1,3,5-triazino glycyl]-4-aryl thiosemicarbazidos havo been synthesised with a view to studying their tuberculostatic activity.
Evaluation of a dedicated dual phased‐array surface coil using a black‐blood FSE sequence for high resolution MRI of the carotid vessel wall (2002)

High resolution MRI of carotid atherosclerosis is feasible with a phased-array coil and a BB-FSE sequence.