gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doctor, What Are My Chances of Having a Positive Sentinel Node? A Validated Nomogram for Risk Estimation (2007)

Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients are increasingly interested in information about their disease. This nomogram is a useful tool that helps physicians and patients to accurately predict the likelihood of SLN metastasis.
Transcription Termination and the Regulation of Gene Expression (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
To the Editors (2003)

I have a strong personal interest in the memoirs of Anna Larina-Bukharina, but I was astonished for scholarly reasons that the book was not even mentioned in Irina Paperno's long article "Personal Accounts of the Soviet Experience" (Kritika 3: 4 [Fall 2002], 577—610).
Increased levels of N -(carboxymethyl)lysine and N -(carboxyethyl)lysine in type 1 diabetic patients with impaired renal function: correlation with markers of endothelial dysfunction (2004)

Plasma levels of CML and CEL rise with deterioration of GFR. Furthermore, CML and CEL levels are associated with markers of endothelial activation independently of renal function. This suggests an involvement of these AGEs in the acceleration of cardiovascular complications in patients with renal impairment.
Deaminative electrochemical reduction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amines (1981)

The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amines are electrochemically reduced in hydroorganic medium at low pH into the corresponding 4,5-dihydro compounds. A mechanism is proposed featuring the intermediacy of the parent pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine itself. The 4,5-dihydroderivatives can be rearomatized, thus offering a facile synthetic route to the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Pd+2/Poly(acrylic acid) Thin Films as Catalysts for Electroless Copper Deposition: Mechanism of Catalyst Formation (1990)

The mechanism involved in the initiation of electroless copper deposition onto dielectric substrates using Pd+2/ poly(acrylic acid) thin films is described. Dielectric substrates are catalyzed by dip‐coating in aqueous poly(acrylic acid) to deposit a 50–300 nm thick film of the polymer on the surface; the coated substrate is then immersed in aqueous . It is shown that uptake of palladium in the poly(acrylic acid) film occurs by H+/Pd+2 ion exchange. The active catalyst is identified by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as zerovalent palladium, formed when the Pd+2‐exchanged polymer film is immersed in an electroless copper deposition bath.
In-situ measurement of dielectric thickness during etching or developing processes (1975)

A system has been developed which permits the measurement of dielectric film thicknesses in-situ during development or etching processes. This can be extended to growth or deposition processes. Two examples of its uses are presented: the determination of the thickness of phosphosilicate glass layers on silicon dioxide coated silicon wafers by making use of the etch rate differences, and the monitoring of photoresist thickness during development to characterize the photoresist development process.
Human prostate-specific transglutaminase: a new prostatic marker with a unique distribution pattern. (1999)

Human prostate-specific transglutaminase (hTGp) is a cross-linking enzyme, the physiologic function of which has not been established unequivocally yet. To gain insight into its distribution, we raised antisera against hTGp. By using Western blotting analysis, we found that these antisera specifically recognize a 77-kDa protein in prostatic fluids, seminal plasmas, and prostatic tissues. The concentrations of hTGp in these fluids and tissues were found to be highly variable among individuals. Immunohistochemical examination of several formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissues revealed an exclusive expression in the prostate. The histologic localization and distribution of hTGp within the prostate was assessed by studying multiple sections from tumor-containing prostatectomy specimens and needle biopsies. hTGp expression was entirely restricted to luminal epithelial cells. No basal epithelial cells or stromal cells were stained. Within the prostate, large areas without any hTGp-positive cells were seen. Immunopositive cells were present either in a scattered pattern or concentrated in single or multiple glands in which all luminal epithelial cells expressed hTGp. The latter staining pattern occurred frequently, but not exclusively, in the peripheral zone, whereas scattered expression was most often observed in the transitional zone. Expression of the hTGp protein could occasionally be observed in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, but was not detected in prostate carcinoma cells. The expression pattern as observed for hTGp has not been found thus far for any other prostate-specific marker.
Post-encephalitic parkinsonism (1998)

Post-encephalitic parkinsonismThis is a rare unpublished photograph preserved by Professor Emeritus Donald W Mulder, MD, of a young boy who was seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester somewhere between 1920 to 1930, who was diagnosed with post-encephalitic parkinsonism.His rigid stance is associated with a stooped posture, paucity of facial expression, slightly flexed knees, and arms stiZy fixed at the sides.On initiating a step, the patient gives the impression of a shuZing gait.Encephalitis lethargica, also known as von Economo's encephalitis, was a global pandemic that aVected more than a million people all over the world from 1915 to 1930.Although parkinsonism was occasionally seen during the acute encephalitic phase of encephalitis lethargica, it was often encountered in the post-encephalitic phase.The onset of postencephalitic parkinsonism can be delayed by several years from the resolution of encephalitis lethargica.
Anaerobic degradation of 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilic acid) by denitrifying bacteria (1984)

In the presence of oxygen many aminoaromatic compounds polymerize to form recalcitrant macromolecules. To circumvent undesirable oxidation reactions, the anaerobic biodegradation of a simple member of this class of compounds was investigated. Two strains of bacteria were isolated which degrade 2-aminobenzoate anaerobically under denitrifying conditions, with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Both organisms, which were assigned to the genus Pseudomonas, oxidized 2-aminobenzoate completely to CO2 and NH4+. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite. When nitrate was deplete from the growth medium the accumulated nitrite was reduced to nitrogen. The results establish a model system for the anaerobic, rapid, and complete oxidation of an aminoaromatic compound.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORAMIDES. XIV. PHOSPHORUS PENTOXIDE AND AMINE HYDROCHLORIDES AS REAGENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF THIENO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDIN‐4(3H)‐ONES (1981)

Abstract Erhitzen der Ester (Ia), (Ib) mit entsprechenden Aminhydrochloriden (II) unter den angegebenen Bedingungen liefert die Heterocyclen (III).
Temporal conditions and integrity constraints in active database systems (1995)

In this paper, we present a unified formalism, based on Past Temporal Logic, for specifying conditions and events in the rules for active database system. This language permits specification of many time varying properties of database systems. It also permits specification of temporal aggregates. We present an efficient incremental algorithm for detecting conditions specified in this language. The given algorithm, for a subclass of the logic, was implemented on top of Sybase.
Inpainting Versus Denoising for Dose Reduction in Scanning-Beam Microscopies (2019)

We consider sampling strategies for reducing the radiation dose during image acquisition in scanning-beam microscopies, such as SEM, STEM, and STXM. Our basic assumption is that we may acquire subsampled image data (with some pixels missing) and then inpaint the missing data using a compressed-sensing approach. Our noise model consists of Poisson noise plus random Gaussian noise. We include the possibility of acquiring fully-sampled image data, in which case the inpainting approach reduces to a denoising procedure. We use numerical simulations to compare the accuracy of reconstructed images with the "ground truths." The results generally indicate that, for sufficiently high radiation doses, higher sampling rates achieve greater accuracy, commensurate with well-established literature. However, for very low radiation doses, where the Poisson noise and/or random Gaussian noise begins to dominate, then our results indicate that subsampling/inpainting can result in smaller reconstruction errors. We also present an information-theoretic analysis, which allows us to quantify the amount of information gained through the different sampling strategies and enables some broader discussion of the main results.
Carbon nanotube memory devices of high charge storage stability (2002)

Molecular memory devices with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes constituting a channel of 150 nm in length are described. Data storage is achieved by sweeping gate voltages in the range of 3 V, associated with a storage stability of more than 12 days at room temperature. By annealing in air or controlled oxygen plasma exposure, efficient switching devices could be obtained from thin nanotube bundles that originally showed only a small gate dependence of conductance.
Effects of naturally occurring food plant components on insecticide degradation in rats (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of naturally occurring food plant components on insecticide degradation in ratsTom W. Fuhremann, E. Paul Lichtenstein, and Fredrick W. StratmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 5, 1068–1075Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60219a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60219a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recombinant IL-4 treatment augments resistance to Borrelia burgdorferi infections in both normal susceptible and antibody-deficient susceptible mice (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that T cells and their associated cytokines critically influence outcome in mice experimentally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of human Lyme disease. In vivo T cell subset and cytokine depletion studies suggest that CD4+ T cell-derived IL-4 plays a critical role in control of spirochete growth in vivo, whereas CD8+ T cell-derived IFN-gamma appears to promote disease, particularly in susceptible mouse strains. To further investigate the immunologic basis of protection and the role of IL-4, we have examined the effects of early rIL-4 treatment on outcome in susceptible mice infected with Bb. In this study, we show that administration of rIL-4 to susceptible C3H mice during the first week of infection with Bb leads to early control of their infections, as evidenced by significant reductions in joint swelling at wk 5, 6, and 7 postinfection, and in the numbers of spirochetes recovered from their joints and skin at wk 7 when compared with sham-treated mice. Increased resistance in rIL-4-treated mice was accompanied by significant reductions in their in vitro splenic Bb-specific IFN-gamma responses and in serum levels of specific IgG2a and IgG3 Abs and significant increases in specific IgG1 Abs. We also show that the inherent susceptibility of Ab-deficient, C57BL/6-IgM knockout (B6-MKO) mice to Rh infection is intermediate relative to C57BL/6 severe combined immunodeficient (B6-SCID) mice (susceptible) or normal C57BL/6 mice (resistant), confirming the importance of both Ab-dependent and Ab-independent, T cell-dependent immune mechanisms in control of Bb infections. The additional finding that early treatment with rIL-4 significantly reduced the severity of Bb infections in B6-MKO mice indicates that IL-4 may augment anti-spirochetal immunity via an Ab-independent mechanism.
A Randomized, Controlled, Molecular Study of Condylomata Acuminata Clearance during Treatment with Imiquimod (1998)

Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). To identify the molecular mechanism(s) by which condylomata acuminata clear during topical treatment with imiquimod, wart skin biopsies were taken from patients before treatment, at treatment week 6, and at the end of treatment. Tissues were analyzed for HPV DNA and for mRNA of several cytokines and HPV gene products. Wart clearance was associated with evidence of tissue production of interferon-alpha, -beta, and -gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regression of warts was strongly associated with a decrease in HPV DNA and in mRNA expression for both early and late viral proteins. Thus, topical imiquimod treatment of anogenital warts led to significant increases in local production of multiple interferon mRNAs and a significant reduction in virus load as measured by decreases in HPV DNA and mRNA for early HPV proteins.
Vascular endothelial growth factor affects permeability of brain microvessel endothelial cells in vitro (1996)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which stimulates endothelial cell growth and induces hyperpermeability of the microvasculature, plays an important role in normal and tumor-vasculature development and tumor edema generation. In this study, we investigated the effect of VEGF on the permeability of cultured bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs), an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. We found that addition of purified VEGF to both the apical and basolateral sides of the BMEC monolayers increased the permeability of the monolayer to [14C]sucrose (approximately 3-fold). A more significant increase in permeability was observed when VEGF was applied to the basolateral side of the monolayer (3-fold) than to the apical side (1.5-fold). The permeability-increasing activity of VEGF on the BMEC monolayers is both dose and time dependent. The VEGF-induced permeability increase in BMECs requires a long incubation time with VEGF, and the effect is durable. These results suggest that this cell culture system may be useful for exploring the role of VEGF in regulating the permeability of the BBB, for studying the mechanism of the permeability-increasing effect of VEGF on the endothelial cells, and for evaluating the strategies to regulate the activity of VEGF.
Understanding key assay parameters that affect measurements of trastuzumab-mediated ADCC against Her2 positive breast cancer cells (2012)

Use of the antibody trastuzumab to kill HER2+ breast cancer cells is an attractive therapy because of its specificity and minimal adverse effects. However, a large fraction of HER2+ positive patients are or will become resistant to this treatment. No other markers are used to determine sensitivity to trastuzumab other than HER2 status.Using the xCELLigence platform and flow cytometry, we have compared the ability of mononuclear cells (MNCs) from normal and breast cancer patients to kill different breast cancer cell lines in the presence (i.e., ADCC) or absence of trastuzumab. Image analysis and cell separation procedures were used to determine the differential contribution of immune cell subsets to ADCC activity. The assay demonstrated that ADCC activity is dependent on the presence of trastuzumab, the level of HER2 expression on the target, and the ratio of MNCs to tumor cells. There is a wide range of ADCC activity among normal individuals and breast cancer patients for high and low HER2-expressing tumor targets. Fresh MNCs display higher ADCC levels compared with cryopreserved cells. Natural killer cells display the highest ADCC followed by monocytes. T cells and B cells were ineffective in killing. A major mechanism of killing of tumor cells involves insertion of granzyme B and caspase enzymes via the antibody attached MNCs.
Exploring the use of hand-to-face input for interacting with head-worn displays (2014)

We propose the use of Hand-to-Face input, a method to interact with head-worn displays (HWDs) that involves contact with the face. We explore Hand-to-Face interaction to find suitable techniques for common mobile tasks. We evaluate this form of interaction with document navigation tasks and examine its social acceptability. In a first study, users identify the cheek and forehead as predominant areas for interaction and agree on gestures for tasks involving continuous input, such as document navigation. These results guide the design of several Hand-to-Face navigation techniques and reveal that gestures performed on the cheek are more efficient and less tiring than interactions directly on the HWD. Initial results on the social acceptability of Hand-to-Face input allow us to further refine our design choices, and reveal unforeseen results: some gestures are considered culturally inappropriate and gender plays a role in selection of specific Hand-to-Face interactions. From our overall results, we provide a set of guidelines for developing effective Hand-to-Face interaction techniques.
ShadowDraw (2011)

We present ShadowDraw, a system for guiding the freeform drawing of objects. As the user draws, ShadowDraw dynamically updates a shadow image underlying the user's strokes. The shadows are suggestive of object contours that guide the user as they continue drawing. This paradigm is similar to tracing, with two major differences. First, we do not provide a single image from which the user can trace; rather ShadowDraw automatically blends relevant images from a large database to construct the shadows. Second, the system dynamically adapts to the user's drawings in real-time and produces suggestions accordingly. ShadowDraw works by efficiently matching local edge patches between the query, constructed from the current drawing, and a database of images. A hashing technique enforces both local and global similarity and provides sufficient speed for interactive feedback. Shadows are created by aggregating the edge maps from the best database matches, spatially weighted by their match scores. We test our approach with human subjects and show comparisons between the drawings that were produced with and without the system. The results show that our system produces more realistically proportioned line drawings.
THE UPTAKE, STORAGE, AND INTRACELLULAR HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES BY MACROPHAGES (1969)

The exposure of cultivated mouse macrophages to sucrose (0.009-0.03 M) leads to the formation of large phase- and electron-lucent, acid phosphatase-positive vacuoles in the perinuclear region. The vacuolization process and the uptake of sucrose-(14)C is blocked by inhibitors of pinocytosis and stimulated by calf serum in the medium. These results suggest the uptake of sucrose by pinocytosis and its subsequent segregation and storage in secondary lysosomes. The addition of sucrose also increases the total content of three macrophage lysosomal hydrolases. The addition of invertase to the environment of sucrose-laden macrophages leads to the prompt shrinkage of the sucrose-containing lysosomes. This is accompanied by the intracellular hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose residues which are promptly excreted into the medium. The uptake of invertase, as indicated by the shrinkage of sucrose-containing vacuoles, is blocked by inhibitors of pinocytosis. No effect was noted when invertase was added to macrophages laden with Ficoll, a polysucrose which is not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The influence of other carbohydrates was then investigated. Monosaccharides with molecular weights up to 220 did not produce vacuolization. However, a certain number of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides produced vacuolization identical with that of sucrose. Each of the disaccharides which produced vacuolization was resistant to the complement of macrophage hexosidases, whereas those that were ineffective were degraded by either macrophage or serum enzymes. The addition of beta-glucosidase to cellobiose-laden macrophages resulted in the shrinkage of vacuoles but did not alter the vacuoles of sucrose containing cells. The ability of small, neutral carbohydrates to produce lysosomal swelling is dependent upon both molecular weight and their resistance to lysosomal hydrolases.
A rating scale for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Description and preliminary experience (1987)

A rating scale has been developed to provide a quantitative estimate of clinical status and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This scale includes assessment of swallowing, speech, and respiratory function, and both strength and function of upper and lower extremity musculature. The evaluation is relatively simple to perform and yields reproducible data for both a total ALS score and a score for each group of functions tested. A score of 30 points is normal; 164 points indicates maximal dysfunction. The total ALS score increased in a linear fashion in each of 74 patients followed for at least one year. Among patients, the rate of disease progression varied twenty-fold, with a continuous distribution from the slowest to most rapid course. Thirty-four percent of patients exhibited a rapid change of greater than 48 points in the year, predicting progression to a terminal stage in less than two years; 19% of patients exhibited a slow change of less than 13 points in one year, predicting progression to a terminal stage over at least five years. This ALS scoring system should permit more accurate assessment of drug efficacy in clinical trials and correlation of rates of progression with clinical variables.
Adaptive joint source-channel coding using rate shaping (2002)

We present in this paper an adaptive joint source-channel coding scheme using rate shaping on pre-coded video data. Rate shaping selectively drops portions of the video bitstream before transmitting them in order to satisfy the network bandwidth requirement. In wireless multimedia transport over heterogeneous networks, limited bandwidth is not the only issue. The high error rate of the channel should be considered as well, so channel coding is often applied. We propose a rate shaping method that drops not only the source-coding segments of the video bitstream, but also the channel-coding segments of the video bitstream, adaptively according to the network condition, in order to achieve the optimal rate-distortion performance. The proposed method is based on “discrete rate-distortion combination” to accomplish joint source-channel coding. We consider both the simulcast and multicast scenarios and show promising results.