gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dipeptidyl peptidase III is a zinc metallo-exopeptidase: Molecular cloning and expression (1998)

We have purified dipeptidyl peptidase III (EC 3.4.14.4) from human placenta. It had a pH optimum of 8.8 and readily hydrolysed Arg-Arg-beta-naphthylamide. Monoamino acid-, Gly-Phe-, Gly-Pro- and Bz-Arg-beta-naphthylamides were not hydrolysed at all. The enzyme was inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonic acid, metal chelators and 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin and contained 1 mol of zinc per mol of enzyme. The zinc dissociation constant was 250 fM at pH 7. 4 as determined by the zinc binding study. We isolated, by immunological screening of a Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library constructed from rat liver mRNA species, a cDNA clone with 2633 bp encoding the rat enzyme. The longest open reading frame encodes a 827-residue protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 92790 Da. Escherichia coli SOLR cells were infected with the pBluescript phagemid containing the cloned cDNA and established the overexpression of a protein that hydrolysed Arg-Arg-beta-naphthylamide. The recombinant protein was purified and the amino acid sequence of the protein was confirmed. We presumed that the putative zinc-binding domain involved in catalysis was present in the recombinant enzyme. It was a novel zinc-binding motif in that one amino acid residue was inserted into the conserved HEXXH motif characteristic of the metalloproteinases.
Immunoglobulin double-isotype expression by trans-mRNA in a human immunoglobulin transgenic mouse. (1989)

We have studied immunoglobulin double-isotype expression in a transgenic mouse (TG.SA) in which expression of the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain locus is almost completely excluded by a nonallelic rearranged human mu transgene. By flow-cytometric analyses, we have shown that a small, but significant, portion (about 4%) of transgenic spleen cells expresses human mu (transgene) and mouse gamma (endogenous) chains when cultured in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 4. By using amplification of cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning and sequencing of the amplified cDNA fragment, we have demonstrated expression of trans-mRNA consisting of the transgenic variable and endogenous constant (gamma 1) region sequences. Such trans-mRNA could be produced by either switch recombination or trans-splicing between the transgene and endogenous sterile gamma 1-gene transcripts. These results indicate that trans-splicing might be a possible mechanism for the immunoglobulin double-isotype expression in normal B lymphocytes that have not rearranged the second expressed constant region gene.
Shape, Illumination, and Reflectance from Shading (2014)

A fundamental problem in computer vision is that of inferring the intrinsic, 3D structure of the world from flat, 2D images of that world. Traditional methods for recovering scene properties such as shape, reflectance, or illumination rely on multiple observations of the same scene to overconstrain the problem. Recovering these same properties from a single image seems almost impossible in comparison-there are an infinite number of shapes, paint, and lights that exactly reproduce a single image. However, certain explanations are more likely than others: surfaces tend to be smooth, paint tends to be uniform, and illumination tends to be natural. We therefore pose this problem as one of statistical inference, and define an optimization problem that searches for the most likely explanation of a single image. Our technique can be viewed as a superset of several classic computer vision problems (shape-from-shading, intrinsic images, color constancy, illumination estimation, etc) and outperforms all previous solutions to those constituent problems.
Effects of a ketogenic diet on the quality of life in 16 patients with advanced cancer: A pilot trial (2011)

These pilot data suggest that a KD is suitable for even advanced cancer patients. It has no severe side effects and might improve aspects of quality of life and blood parameters in some patients with advanced metastatic tumors.
Purification, stabilization, and crystallization of a modular protein: Grb2 (1996)

We report here the purification and the crystallization of the modular protein Grb2. The protein was expressed as a fusion with glutathione-S-transferase and purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione agarose. It was apparent from reverse phase chromatography that the purified protein was conformationally unstable. Instability was overcome by the addition of 100 mM arginine to the buffers. Because Grb2 appeared to be extremely sensitive to oxidation, crystallization experiments were performed with a dialysis button technique involving daily addition of fresh DTT to the reservoirs. The presence of 8 to 14% glycerol was necessary to obtain monocrystals. These results are discussed in relation with the modular nature of Grb2.
Genetics of IL-13 and functional relevance of IL-13 variants (2002)

Studies in both humans and mice clearly show that interleukin (IL)-13 is a central regulator of allergic inflammation. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms have been recently identified in the IL-13 gene and have been found to be associated with allergic and/or asthmatic phenotypes in different populations throughout the world. Furthermore, functional genomics studies are highlighting mechanistic pathways that may link genetic variation in IL-13 and disease. IL-13 is therefore an ideal model to study the impact of genetic variation on the regulation of gene expression and function in complex diseases.
Philadelphia ChromosomePositive Leukemias: From Basic Mechanisms to Molecular Therapeutics (2003)

The Philadelphia chromosome translocation (t(9;22)) results in the molecular juxtaposition of two genes, BCR and ABL, to form an aberrant BCR-ABL gene on chromosome 22. BCR-ABL is critical to the pathogenesis of chronic myelogenous leukemia and a subset of acute leukemias. The chimeric Bcr-Abl protein has constitutively elevated tyrosine phosphokinase activity. This abnormal enzymatic activation is critical to the oncogenic potential of Bcr-Abl. Initially, protein kinases were thought to be poor therapeutic targets because of their ubiquitous nature and crucial role in many normal physiologic processes. However, the advent of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland), formerly known as STI571 and CGP57148B, demonstrated that designer kinase inhibitors could be specific. This agent has shown striking activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. It also inhibits phosphorylation of Kit (stem-cell factor receptor) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. In addition, it has shown similar impressive responses, with little host toxicity, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which harbor activating Kit mutations, and in tumors with activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor. The studies of imatinib mesylate provide proof-of-principle for using aberrant kinases as a therapeutic target and are a model for the promise of molecular therapeutics. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the function of Bcr-Abl and its normal counterparts (Bcr and Abl), as well as the impact of this knowledge on the development of a remarkably successful targeted therapy approach.
Isolation and Metastatic Properties of Detachment Variants of 816 Melanoma Cells 2 (1978)

Variant clones of B16 melanoma cells have been isolated that detached from plastic tissue culture dishes either more or less readily than the parent line upon treatment with EDTA or ethyleneglycol-bis(b-amino ethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid. Cells that detached more readily were spindlier in culture than parent cells, covered less surface area per cell, and formed fewer pulmonary tumors when injected iv into C57BL/6J mice. Cells that detached less readily were flatter in culture and formed more pulmonary tumors when injected iv than the parent cells. After detachment with EDTA, the cells reattached to culture dishes at the same rate.
218-Gb/s Single-Wavelength, Single-Polarization, Single-Photodiode Transmission Over 125-km of Standard Singlemode Fiber Using Kramers-Kronig Detection (2017)

We demonstrate a 218-Gb/s direct detection receiver using Kramers-Kronig optical phase reconstruction and chromatic dispersion compensation based on a single photodiode and achieve single-span transmission over 125 km of standard singlemode fiber at 1550 nm.
Human fibulin‐4: analysis of its biosynthetic processing and mRNA expression in normal and tumour tissues (2001)

Here, we report the identification of a human orthologue of fibulin-4, along with analysis of its biosynthetic processing and mRNA expression levels in normal and tumour tissues. Comparative sequence analysis of fibulin-4 cDNAs revealed apparent polymorphisms in the signal sequence that could account for previously reported inefficient secretion in fibulin-4 transfectants. In vitro translation of fibulin-4 mRNA revealed the presence of full-length and truncated polypeptides, the latter apparently generated from an alternative translation initiation site. Since this polypeptide failed to incorporate into endoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations, it was concluded that it lacked a signal sequence and thus could represent an intracellular form of fibulin-4. Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis, the human fibulin-4 gene was localised to chromosome 11q13, this region being syntenic to portions of mouse chromosomes 7 and 19. Considering the fact that translocations, amplifications and other rearrangements of the 11q13 region are associated with a variety of human cancers, the expression of human fibulin-4 was evaluated in a series of colon tumours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA from paired human colon tumour and adjacent normal tissue biopsies showed that a significant proportion of tumours had approximately 2-7-fold increases in the level of fibulin-4 mRNA expression. Taken together, results reported here suggest that an intracellular form of fibulin-4 protein may exist and that dysregulated expression of the fibulin-4 gene is associated with human colon tumourigenesis.
A Practical Quantum Instruction Set Architecture (2016)

In this paper, we introduce dynamic lifting to a quantum circuit-description language, following the Proto-Quipper language approach. Dynamic lifting allows programs to transfer the result of measuring quantum data - qubits - into classical data - booleans -. We propose a type system and an operational semantics for the language and we state safety properties. Next, we introduce a concrete categorical semantics for the proposed language, basing our approach on a recent model from Rios&Selinger for Proto-Quipper-M. Our approach is to construct on top of a concrete category of circuits with measurements a Kleisli category, capturing as a side effect the action of retrieving classical content out of a quantum memory. We then show a soundness result for this semantics.
Arterial phase carotid and vertebral artery imaging in 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography by combining fluoroscopic triggering with an elliptical centric acquisition order (1998)

Arterial-phase three-dimensional (3D) contrast-enhanced MR angiograms of the carotid and vertebral arteries from their origins through the carotid bifurcations were obtained in 20 patients using acquisition times over 30 sec by using an MR fluoroscopy-triggered pulse sequence with elliptical centric view order. The typical pixel size was 0.8 mm (x) x 1.6 mm (y) x 1.5 mm (z), and 32-48 coronal slices were acquired. The fluoroscopic monitoring of bolus arrival was effective in 18 of the 20 cases; two failures were attributed directly to a poor choice of RF coil. To exploit peak arterial-to-venous contrast, the central 3D views were acquired first in the most compact time period possible for the given TR. For the 18 successfully triggered cases, arterial-phase 3D images were obtained with excellent venous suppression as demonstrated by an average internal jugular vein to common carotid signal enhancement ratio of only 0.05 +/- 0.04.
A Unique Folate Hydrolase, Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA): A Target For Immunotherapy? (2001)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a potential target in prostate cancer patients because it is very highly expressed and because it has been reported to be upregulated by androgen deprivation. This review discusses the historical background, biochemical characteristics, gene regulation, potential for targeting, tissue localization, and a novel T-body strategy.
Structural Basis of Antibody Function (1983)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Molecular therapy for multiple myeloma. (2001)

In several of these options, preclinical studies have proved encouraging, and clinical trials are now getting underway.
2-Oxoacid:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from the Thermoacidophilic Archaeon, Sulfolobus sp. Strain 7 (1996)

The purified 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase of a thermoacidophilic and aerobic crenarchaeote, Sulfolobus sp. strain 7, consists of 70-kDa alpha and 37-kDa beta subunits, and contains one thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), one [4Fe-4S]2+.1+ cluster, and two magnesium atoms per alpha beta structure. It exhibits a broad substrate specificity toward 2-oxoacids such as 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxobutyrate, and pyruvate. The gene encoding the archaeal oxidoreductase was cloned, and the two open reading frames encoding the alpha (632 amino acids) and beta subunits (305 amino acids), respectively, were sequenced. Careful sequence alignment revealed several consensus motifs of this enzyme family, as well as possible cofactor binding residues of the Sulfolobus enzyme. This new structural information also indicates that (i) several genetic fusions and reorganization of the early, possibly alpha beta gamma delta-type enzyme similar to those from hyperthermophiles have taken place during evolution of the 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin (flavodoxin) oxidoreductase superfamily, which might have occurred in different ways in early aerobic archaea and early anaerobic bacteria, and that (ii) enzymes with different subunit compositions should have an essentially similar catalytic mechanism with one TPP and at least one [4Fe-4S] cluster as the minimal set of redox centers.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (1982)

CROCK, H. V. M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S., F.R.A.C.S.Editor(s): CALANDRUCCIO, ROCCO A. M.D. Author Information
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH CAPACITY HYPERBRANCHED NITRIC OXIDE DONORS FOR CONTROLLING SUBCUTANEOUS INFLAMMATION (2015)

Implanted medical devices undergo complications the longer they remain in contact with tissue or blood. This rejection of foreign materials by our body is one of the largest reasons innovations in biomedical sensors and implanted technology are being held back. One means to hold off this unwanted response is through the utilization of nitric oxide (NO) releasing materials. Two unique NO releasing polymeric materials were synthesized and characterized before being implanted subcutaneously. Both NO releasing materials described used S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) chemistry as the main mechanism for NO release. The first material described covalently links an RSNO to the backbone of PVC while the second material has RSNOs covalently attached to a hyperbranched polyamidoamine (HPAMAM) molecule, which is then blended within a polymer matrix. A high reservoir of NO was observed in the NO releasing HPAMAM when compared to other NO releasing polymers. The two materials (SNAP-PVC, SNAP-HPAMAM blended in PVC) were implanted subcutaneously and were tested versus control polymers that did not release NO; materials were explanted after 1 and 15 days and histological characterization was completed. The inflammatory response was then observed through histological analysis and NO demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, specifically by observing the presence of cells marked with CD11b, CD163, and iNOS. Fibrosis was also a major inflammatory response carefully observed. NO releasing implants showed a much more resolved state of inflammation and wound healing while the controls demonstrated signs of chronic inflammation and increased number of pro-inflammatory cells. The long lasting SNAP-HPAMAM PVC NO releasing materials showed a large reduction in chronic inflammatory macrophages marked with iNOS with a slight upregulation in anti-inflammatory macrophages after 15 days of implantation. Compared to control PVC implants, a significant reduction in fibrosis was observed as the encapsulation thickness was 120.28±36.1 µm while SNAP-PVC was 74.20±29.9 µm and SNAP-HPAMAM was 38.68±21.0 µm. A trend was seen in the reduction of CD11b+ cells with an increase in NO from the implants, along with an increasing trend of CD163+ cells. The presence of chronic inflammatory iNOS cells was also greatly reduced with the increase of NO to the surrounding subcutaneous tissue.
An Analysis of Meteor Burst Communications for Military Applications (1980)

This paper presents a methodology for the design and analysis of meteor burst communication systems, with special emphasis on system characteristics of importance to military applications (intercept resistance, jam resistance, nuclear survivability, and encryption considerations). Using stochastic models for the meteor burst process, expressions for the average throughput and average message waiting time are derived. These equations are used to estimate the anticipated performance of several kinds of meteor burst communications systems m a number of military applications ranging from data collection from unattended sensors to facsimile transmission.
IBM eServer z990 improvements in firmware simulation (2004)

With the IBM eServer™ z900, simulation methods and tools for verification of code that is to be embedded in the memory of the system (firmware) were introduced. Since that time, firmware developers have simulated their code prior to the availability of new system hardware components, thereby reducing the time required to bring a large computer system to market. With the z990 system, code simulation efficiency has been improved. The simulation coverage for host and service firmware has been increased from approximately 60% in the z900 to 85% in the z990 by introducing new concepts and extensions. For the first time, the central electronic complex (CEC) firmware simulator, CECSIM, has been enabled to run code in a logical partition (LPAR). This was a prerequisite for code verification of the intra-CEC connectivity, HiperSockets™ For verification of HiperSockets, a Linux® operating system is loaded into an LPAR. Code verification is accomplished more easily, more effectively, and with better coverage using Linux debugging features because of the ease of performing functional tests with Linux. Another major improvement was the connection of the channel code simulator for the networking I/O adapter OSA-Express to the CECSIM environment to provide a comprehensive verification that covers the entire path of firmware interaction between the CEC and the I/O channels. For the simulation of card control code, a combined software and hardware verification approach was introduced. The overall functionality was verified with a system simulation model, and the base hardware accesses were verified by attaching real hardware. In addition, the cage controller code was integrated into the simulation environment. As a result, the firmware interfaces between the support element (SE) and the cage controller as well as between the cage controller and the hardware have been tested.
Extraction and recombination studies of the interaction of retinol with human plasma retinol-binding protein (1972)

Methods have been developed for the removal of retinol from human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), so as to form the retinol-free apoprotein, and for the recombination of apo-RBP with retinol to again form the holoprotein. Retinol is removed from RBP by gently shaking a solution of RBP with heptane under controlled conditions. During the shaking, retinol is gradually extracted from the RBP and into the heptane phase. The reassociation of apo-RBP with retinol is achieved by exposing a solution of apo-RBP to Celite coated with a thin film of retinol, followed by isolation of the RBP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This procedure results in the recombination of apo-RBP with an amount of retinol almost identical with that previously removed by extraction. The two-phase extraction procedure was used to explore some of the factors which affect the interaction of retinol with RBP. The retinol-RBP complex was most stable in the lower portion of the pH range 5.6 to 10. The rate of removal of retinol from the RBP-prealbumin complex (the form in which RBP normally circulates in plasma) was markedly less than the rate of its removal from RBP alone. The interaction of retinol with RBP appears to be stabilized by the formation of the RBP-prealbumin complex. The recombination procedure was employed to examine the specificity of the binding of retinol to RBP, by determining whether compounds other than all-trans-retinol would effectively bind to apo-RBP. Apo-RBP did not bind cholesterol, but displayed a slight affinity for phytol. The affinity of RBP for beta-carotene was minimal, whereas both retinyl acetate and retinal were bound about one-third as effectively as all-trans-retinol. In contrast, retinoic acid bound to apo-RBP almost as effectively as did retinol. Each of two isomers of retinol, 13-cis and 11,13-di-cis-retinol, bound to apo-RBP to some extent. The 13-cis isomer appeared to bind somewhat less effectively than did the 11,13-di-cis isomer. The binding of retinol to RBP is highly but not absolutely specific.
Isolation and cultivation of endothelial cells derived from human placenta. (1996)

Endothelial cells were isolated from human full-term placenta by perfusion with trypsin solution via the umbilical cord vein. Human placental endothelial cells (HPEC) were successfully grown and kept in culture. HPEC exhibited endothelial characteristics as judged by morphology of confluent monolayers, staining with low density lipoprotein, binding of Ulex europaeus I lectin, and immunostaining against von Willebrand factor, alpha-thrombomodulin, VE-cadherin and a series of integrins. Different growth requirements and particular morphological characteristics indicated the different vascular origin of HUVEC and HPEC.
Tuning the Hole Injection Barrier at the Organic/Metal Interface with Self-Assembled Functionalized Aromatic Thiols (2006)

Self-assembled functionalized aromatic thiols (oligophenylenes composed of building blocks of dimethoxy-substituted phenylenes, perfluoro-substituted phenylenes, and a terminal thiol group) were used to tune the hole injection barrier (Delta(h)) of copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) on Au(111). Synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy study reveals a significant reduction of Delta(h) by as much as 0.75 eV from Delta(h) = 0.9 eV for CuPc/Au(111) to Delta(h) = 0.15 eV for CuPc/BOF/Au(111), where BOF represents 4-pentafluorophenyl-1-(p-thiophenyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene. The delocalized pi orbitals of these functionalized aromatic thiols greatly facilitate effective charge transfer (hole or electron) across the SAM interface as compared to alkanethiols, hence making this novel interface modification scheme a simple and effective way to tune the hole injection barrier. This method has potential applications in molecular electronics, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), and organic solar cells.