gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive determination of hemoglobin saturation in dogs by derivative near-infrared spectroscopy (1989)

An in vivo method utilizing derivative near-infrared spectroscopy was developed to noninvasively determine cerebral venous hemoglobin O2 saturation (SVO2). The method was tested on eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs ventilated with differing inspired O2 mixtures to force changes in SVO2 over a wide range. Spectral data obtained by transilluminating the tissues surrounding the superior sagittal sinus (SS) were transformed into first derivative units for correlation with SVO2 data measured from the SS. Linear regression analysis was applied to data obtained from five dogs and used to build a three-wavelength algorithm for predicting brain SVO2. In three dogs, SVO2 was varied to test this equation ability to predict SVO2. The standard deviation of differences between measured SVO2 and SVO2 predicted from 31 separate spectra was 3.2%. These predicted values, when regressed against the sampled SVO2, yielded an r value of 0.97. The results demonstrate that during hypoxic hypoxia (HH) it is possible to noninvasively quantify SVO2 with the use of infrared spectroscopy.
Modulation of the cytotoxicity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and methotrexate after transduction of folate receptor cDNA into human cervical carcinoma: identification of a correlation between folate receptor expression and thymidine kinase activity. (1999)

Cervical carcinoma is an AIDS-defining illness. The expression of folate receptors (FRs) in cervical carcinoma (HeLa-IU1) cells was modulated by stable transduction of FR cDNA encapsidated in recombinant adeno-associated virus-2 in the sense and antisense orientation (sense and antisense cells, respectively). Although sense cells proliferated slower than antisense or untransduced cells in vivo and in vitro in 2% (but not 10%) FCS, [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was significantly increased in sense cells in 10% serum; therefore, the basis for this discrepancy was investigated. The activity of thymidine kinase (TK) was subsequently directly correlated with the extent of FR expression in single cell-derived clones of transduced cells. This elevated TK activity was not a result of recruitment of the salvage pathway based on the presence of adequate dTTP pools, normal thymidylate synthase (TS) activity, persistence of increased thymidine incorporation despite the exogenous provision of excess 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate, and documentation of adequate folates in sense cells. The increase in TK activity conferred significant biological properties to sense cells (but not antisense or untransduced cells) as demonstrated by augmented phosphorylation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and concomitantly greater sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of AZT. Conversely, sense cells were highly resistant to methotrexate, but this was reversed by the addition of AZT. The direct correlation of FR expression and TK activity indicates a previously unrecognized consequence of FR overexpression.
Improved efficacy of doxorubicin by simultaneous treatment with interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. (1993)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer agent active against a wide range of human neoplasms, yet, as is characteristic of most chemotherapeutics, the treatment of cancer with DOX alone has met with only limited success. This study was designed to investigate the possibility that the therapeutic potential of DOX could be enhanced by combination with one or more biological response modifiers. Segments (1mm3) of a transplantable colonic adenocarcinoma were implanted into the hind limbs of male WAG rats (200-250g). Serial tumour measurements were taken 3 x weekly throughout the 4 week experimental period by measuring the longest and perpendicular lengths with calibrated calipers. All drug administration was via a chronic indwelling jugular catheter, commencing 12 days after tumour implant, with control animals receiving physiological saline. Treatment of animals with DOX (4.5mg/kg as a 15 minute i.v. infusion), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (5 x 10(5) U/kg/day bolus i.v. for 5 days) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) (1 x 10(5)U/rat/day continuous i.v. infusion for 5 days) retarded tumour growth by approximately 30% by the completion of the study period (P < 0.001). The combined administration of IFN-gamma with DOX did not significantly alter the antitumour activity of either DOX or IFN-gamma. Concurrent administration of IL-2 with DOX also showed this treatment to have no therapeutic activity over that achievable with either agent alone. However, treatment of animals with IL-2, IFN-gamma and DOX resulted in a significant increase in tumour growth inhibition compared to DOX with either single cytokine (P < 0.001) and this was achieved without any apparent increases in the gross toxicity of DOX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Hybridization Capture Versus Amplicon‐Based Methods for Whole‐Exome Sequencing (2015)

Next-generation sequencing has aided characterization of genomic variation. While whole-genome sequencing may capture all possible mutations, whole-exome sequencing remains cost-effective and captures most phenotype-altering mutations. Initial strategies for exome enrichment utilized a hybridization-based capture approach. Recently, amplicon-based methods were designed to simplify preparation and utilize smaller DNA inputs. We evaluated two hybridization capture-based and two amplicon-based whole-exome sequencing approaches, utilizing both Illumina and Ion Torrent sequencers, comparing on-target alignment, uniformity, and variant calling. While the amplicon methods had higher on-target rates, the hybridization capture-based approaches demonstrated better uniformity. All methods identified many of the same single-nucleotide variants, but each amplicon-based method missed variants detected by the other three methods and reported additional variants discordant with all three other technologies. Many of these potential false positives or negatives appear to result from limited coverage, low variant frequency, vicinity to read starts/ends, or the need for platform-specific variant calling algorithms. All methods demonstrated effective copy-number variant calling when evaluated against a single-nucleotide polymorphism array. This study illustrates some differences between whole-exome sequencing approaches, highlights the need for selecting appropriate variant calling based on capture method, and will aid laboratories in selecting their preferred approach.
Stabilization of Porous Silicon Free-Standing Coupled Optical Microcavities by Surface Chemical Modification (2008)

As-anodized porous Si photonic structures experience drifts of their optical properties upon prolonged exposure to air due to spontaneous oxidation of the metastabe Si-H bonds terminating the pores surface. This is a critical limitation in the case of optical coupled optical microcavities, where both long term usage and stable nanometer resolution are required. With a view to stabilizing these structures, the surface of porous Si was chemically modified by hydrosilylation. The resulting surfaces are protected by stable Si-C bonds and by a steric hinderance mechanism. The modified photonic structures are stable for many months.
A mammalian homolog of the zebrafish transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2) is the long-sought-after cell-surface hyaluronidase (2017)

Hyaluronan (HA) is an extremely large polysaccharide (glycosaminoglycan) involved in many cellular functions. HA catabolism is thought to involve the initial cleavage of extracellular high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA into intermediate-size HA by an extracellular or cell-surface hyaluronidase, internalization of intermediate-size HA, and complete degradation into monosaccharides in lysosomes. Despite considerable research, the identity of the hyaluronidase responsible for the initial HA cleavage in the extracellular space remains elusive. HYAL1 and HYAL2 have properties more consistent with lysosomal hyaluronidases, whereas CEMIP/KIAA1199, a recently identified HA-binding molecule that has HA-degrading activity, requires the participation of the clathrin-coated pit pathway of live cells for HA degradation. Here we show that transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), a mammalian homolog of a protein playing a role in zebrafish endocardial cushion development, is a cell-surface hyaluronidase. Live immunostaining and surface biotinylation assays confirmed that mouse TMEM2 is expressed on the cell surface in a type II transmembrane topology. TMEM2 degraded HMW-HA into ∼5-kDa fragments but did not cleave chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate, indicating its specificity to HA. The hyaluronidase activity of TMEM2 was Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent; the enzyme's pH optimum is around 6-7, and unlike CEMIP/KIAA1199, TMEM2 does not require the participation of live cells for its hyaluronidase activity. Moreover, TMEM2-expressing cells could eliminate HA immobilized on a glass surface in a contact-dependent manner. Together, these data suggest that TMEM2 is the long-sought-after hyaluronidase that cleaves extracellular HMW-HA into intermediate-size fragments before internalization and degradation in the lysosome.
Automatic Assessment of Website Compliance to the European Cookie Law with CooLCheck (2016)

We study the problem of automatically assessing whether a website meets the requirements of the Cookie Law, in particular to check that when some tracking cookie is installed the user is asked to give consent to its use. We present a methodology based on cookie disclosure and classification together with identification of natural language consent requests by web information retrieval techniques. This approach performs real time analysis and is very accurate. Using the 500 most popular websites in Italy as a test set, we found that the automatic diagnosis was always correct, except for the case when the consent request was expressed in a language not supported by the system. We also report the results of a systematic evaluation of the 23000 Italian Public Administration websites showing large-scale infringement. Our approach has been implemented as a web application named CooLCheck, which is currently being used by the Italian Data Protection Authority as a support tool for evaluating and monitoring the compliance of websites to the Cookie Law.
Educació i revolució: repàs obert (2011)

Antoni Tort exposa moments històrics lligats a discursos i&#13;\n pràctiques pedagògiques diferents i analitza algunes qüestions&#13;\n com el dret a l'educació, l'educació en les revolucions, els projectes&#13;\n llibertaris, la pedagogia institucional, l'emancipació, la&#13;\n consciencia i l'apoderament en una societat plural.
A Highly Mobile SDM-OFDM System Using Reduced-Complexity-and-Latency Processing (2007)

We propose a new space division multiplexing-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system using reduced-complexity-and-latency detection and channel estimation algorithms. It is important to reduce a latency from receiver processing because the latency degrades performances of wireless systems in a mobile fading environment. In this paper, we evaluate and discuss bit error rate performance and computational complexity of the proposed system. From simulation results, we observe that our proposed estimation scheme improves the accuracy more than conventional minimum mean square error based schemes, and that the proposed system outperforms a maximum likelihood detection based system in a mobile fading environment. Moreover, we confirm that the proposed system is superior to the conventional schemes from the points of not only the performance but also the complexity.
Reduced dose OKT3 prophylaxis in sensitised kidney recipients (1996)

Prophylactic use of the monoclonal antibody OKT3 has been studied for the prevention of rejection in sensitised renal transplant recipients. Patients receiving a full dose (FD) regimen were compared to a subsequent consecutive group of patients receiving a reduced dose (RD) regimen. The characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different with regard to age, HLA mismatch and panel-reactive antibody (PRA) status. The number of days that OKT3 was given was 12.9 +/- 1.8 for the FD regimen and 11.3 +/- 2.8 for the RD regimen. The total dose of OKT3 given was 64.4 +/- 9 mg (FD) and 38.3 +/- 8.5 mg (RD). Patient survival at 12 months was 8/8 for FD and 17/17 for RD. Graft survival at 12 months was 7/8 for FD and 17/17 for RD. Creatinine at 24 months was 185 +/- 68 and 201 +/- 81 mumol/l for FD and RD, respectively. A reduced dose regimen of OKT3 produced excellent and comparable results to the standard recommended full-dose regimen. The cost per patient was reduced 40% from 5676 pounds for FD to 3344 pounds for RD.
The use of customized emphasis in text visualization (2002)

The paper presents a technique to allow quick evaluation of the relevance of documents to one's interests. It is designed primarily for presenting documents on the World Wide Web, but it can also be used in other situations. The idea is to automatically highlight selected keywords in Web pages as they are shown. Users maintain lists of keywords of interest to them. At any given time, a user can activate any such list and from then on all words in that list will be highlighted automatically, transparently, and efficiently in all documents. Users can change lists at any time and also control several other highlighting parameters (such as the number of selected words). Extensions of this scheme, where documents are automatically changed in other ways based on readers' preferences, are also discussed.
Clinical trial:Lactobacillus plantarum299v (DSM 9843) improves symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (2012)

A 4-wk treatment with L. plantarum 299v (DSM 9843) provided effective symptom relief, particularly of abdominal pain and bloating, in IBS patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria.
Directed and Systematic Differentiation of Cardiovascular Cells From Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2008)

Various cardiovascular cells can be systematically induced from iPS cells. The differentiation properties of iPS cells are almost completely identical to those of ES cells. This system would greatly contribute to a novel understanding of iPS cell biology and the development of novel cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
The Prevalence of RET/PTC Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Cancers in Turkish Population and its Relation Between Tumor Histopathology and Prognostic Factors (2008)

While this prevalence of the RET/PTC is less than RET/PTC frequency seen after Chernobyl in Belarus, its prevalence in our region is also high (66.3%). As a result, no significant correlation was found in between prognosis and RET/PTC frequency.
Synthesis and Microbial Activity of 5-Heterocyclo-8-hydroxyquinolines (1990)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 24 March 1986, revised 27 March 1990, accepted 22 August 1990</em> A new series of 5-substituted cinnamoyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (1a-e) were prepared via the reaction of 5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline with the selected aldehydes. 5 Pyrazolino-, isooxazolino-, and/or pyrmidine-thiono 8-hydroxyquinoline (2 - 4 respectively) were obtained from the reaction of la-e with hydrazines, hydroxylamine and thiourea. Michael addition of active methylene compounds, e.g. malononitrile, cyanoethyl acetate, to the chalcones (la -e) in presence of ammonium acetate gave the corresponding nicotinonitrile derivatives (6 and 7) while the reaction of 1 with ethyl acetoacetate gave the cyclohexenone derivative (8) containing 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety.
Unprecedented Rates and Efficiencies Revealed for New Natural Split Inteins from Metagenomic Sources (2012)

Background: Hypothetical natural split inteins from environmental metagenomic sources were evaluated experimentally for the first time. Results: Four inteins showed the highest known reaction rates and efficiencies for protein trans-splicing and could be used efficiently for C-cleavage. Conclusion: These inteins pushed the catalytic limit of protein trans-splicing, although this was unpredictable from their primary sequence. Significance: These inteins hold great potential as versatile protein engineering tools.
Generation of Variance, “Theoretical Plates,” Resolution, and Peak Capacity in Electrophoresis and Sedimentation (1969)

Abstract The rate of generation of variance, dσ2/dX, is a fundamental parameter which determines peak or boundary width and, thus, resolution in many differential migration systems. This parameter can be identified with the “plate height” of chromatography. By extending this nomenclature and the underlying concepts to electrophoresis and sedimentation, we arrive at parameters, particularly the “number of theoretical plates,” which allow a comparison of the effectiveness of these diverse methods. Equations are derived for the plate number as well as for resolution and peak capacity. Numerical comparisons are shown. Optimization is discussed with reference to maximum resolution, peak capacity, and separation speed.
Silastic implants for delivery of oestradiol to mice (1993)

Silastic implants containing oestradiol were developed for delivering a range of physiological concentrations of oestradiol to mice over long periods. The implants consisted of discrete lengths of Silastic tubing containing oestradiol in arachis oil, with a small reservoir of the oestradiol solution at either end of the implant. Studies showed that the release of oestradiol in vitro was proportional to the concentration of steroid within the implant. Implants containing oestradiol at concentrations from 1 to 100 micrograms ml-1 could induce biological responses in ovariectomized mice, ranging from minimal effects on uterine weight and vaginal smears to supraphysiological increases in uterine weight and rapid vaginal cornification. Studies of uterine vascular permeability indicated that significant effects occurred within a few hours of initial placement of the implant. These results suggest that the design of the Silastic implants described in this study provides a useful method for delivering controlled and easily manipulated physiological doses of oestradiol to mice.
Changes of Caspase Activities Involved in Apoptosis of a Macrophage-Like Cell Line J774.1/JA-4 Treated with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and Cycloheximide. (2000)

The addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) together with cycloheximide (CHX) induced apoptosis in a subline of a J774.1 macrophage-like cell line, JA-4, as judged by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL)-staining and poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage. Caspase activities were examined in these macrophages in vitro using fluorogenic substrates such as acetyl-DEVD-aminomethyl coumarine (Ac-DEVD-AMC, caspase-3-like), acetyl-YVAD-aminomethyl coumarine (Ac-YVAD-AMC, caspase-1-like), acetyl-VEID-aminomethyl coumarine (Ac-VEID-AMC, caspase-6-like), and carbobenzoxy-IETD-aminofluoro coumarine (Z-IETD-AFC; caspase-8-like). Kinetic studies revealed these caspase activities with different Km and Vmax values in extracts of apoptotic macrophages. In the course of apoptosis, caspase-3-like activity increased first at 75 min, simultaneously with the appearance of TUNEL staining and prior to PARP cleavage, and then caspase-6 and 8-like activities increased at 90 and 105 min, respectively. However, caspase-1-like activity did not change throughout the experiment. Furthermore, removal of LPS and CHX by extensive washing of the cells for 60 min completely abolished the apoptosis and the subsequent release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during additional incubation until 4 h after LPS addition. However, washing of the cells after 75 min or later resulted in the progress of apoptosis and LDH release, which was coordinated with the elevation of caspase-3-like activity at 60 min and that of caspase-6 or 8-like activity at 90 min, but not with that of caspase-1-like activity. These results suggest that caspase-3-like activity represents the most apical caspase among these caspases in terms of the intiation of apoptosis in macrophages treated with LPS and CHX. In the present study, we also provide evidence on the relatively low specificities of a series of caspase inhibitors other than acetyl-DEVD-aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO) which specifically inhibited the caspase-3-like activity.
Digitally-controlled PLL with pulse width detection mechanism for error correction (2002)

This frequency synthesis PLL contains a pulse width detection (PWD) mechanism to measure and compare from cycle to cycle the width of up and down error pulses from a phase and frequency detector (PFD). Correction signals are sent to a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) only if the phase error is small and increasing or large and not getting smaller. The advantages provided by the PWD and DCO are tolerance to process variations, ease of design and analysis, low bandwidth-to-operating frequency ratio (< 0.005), and deterministic error correction. An on-chip decoupling capacitor in the DCO (1OOpF) filters the supply and substrate noise to minimize jitter.
A solution for the best rotation to relate two sets of vectors (1976)

A simple procedure is derived which determines a best rotation of a given vector set into a second vector set by minimizing the weighted sum of squared deviations. The method is generalized for any given metric constraint on the transformation.
Helicobacter pylori infection and disease: from humans to animal models (2008)

Informative and tractable animal models that are colonized by well-defined microbial pathogens represent ideal systems for the study of complex human diseases. Helicobacter pylori colonization of the stomach is a strong risk factor for peptic ulceration and distal gastric cancer. However, gastritis has no adverse consequences for most hosts and emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori prevalence is inversely related to gastroesophageal reflux disease and allergic disorders. These observations indicate that eradication may not be appropriate for certain populations due to the potentially beneficial effects conferred by persistent gastric inflammation. Animal models have provided an invaluable resource with which to study H. pylori pathogenesis and carcinogenesis, and have permitted the development of a focused approach to selectively target human populations at high-risk of disease.
Performance-augmented CMOS using back-end uniaxial strain (2003)

In this paper we report the first detailed electrical characterization of uniaxially-strained fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) n and p-channel MOSFETs. Using the back-end approach, an in-plane, tensile strain was applied to the FD SOI MOSFETs after device manufacture. Dies were thinned to membrane dimensions and then affixed to curved substrates. The die transfer process minimizes edge effects and spurious membrane behavior.