gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble cytokine receptors (1996)

HE WORD “HORMONE” comes from the Greek, meaning to set in motion, whereas “humoral” comes from the Latin for ‘‘liquid.’’ Classical hormones are delivered in the blood “to set in motion” target cell proliferation or functional activation. Therefore, humoral specificity depends on the hormone’s ability to interact only with cells expressing the appropriate receptor. This receptor-ligand interaction is central to maintaining and regulating biologic function at the cell, tissue, organ, and organism level. The response evoked in the individual cell requires the association of a soluble ligand to its cognate cellular receptor. More recent modifications of the traditional endocrinologic concepts, where the target tissue lies at a distance from the secreted hormone, have included paracrine, juxtacrine, and autocrine models to describe ligand-receptor interactions over short distances. Regulation of cellular responses in this broadened paradigm occurs in cells that secrete graded amounts of hormone and in the target cells which control the number of receptors presented and can modify signal transduction after ligand-receptor association. In all models, hormonal specificity depends on the responding cell displaying the cognate receptor. In the hematopoietic system, lineage commitment is defined by progenitor cell expression of receptors for lineage-restricted hormones.’ The term “cytokine” has come to be used for a diverse group of glycoprotein growth factors, inflammatory mediators, and hematopoietic regulators that are distinct from the more classical hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system. The appreciation that many membrane-bound receptors are also synthesized as secreted soluble forms has led to important modifications in our understanding of ligand-receptor interactions and hormone and cytokine action in general.’ These mobile, soluble receptors may modify ligand concentrations by serving as stabilizing binding proteins, may downregulate membrane receptor number as a mechanism of genesis, and may specifically inhibit ligandreceptor association in the extracellular space. Soluble receptors also can confer on cells and tissues the ability to respond to ligands for which they do not normally express the cognate receptor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which soluble receptors are generated, the regulation of soluble receptor expression, the ways that soluble receptors modify receptor-ligand interactions, and how soluble receptors may impact on clinical medicine. Blood, Vol 87, No 3 (February l), 1996: pp 847-857 MECHANISM OF SOLUBLE RECEPTOR GENERATION
Inhaled salmeterol and/or fluticasone alters structure/function in a murine model of allergic airways disease (2010)

The relationship between airway structural changes (remodeling) and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is unclear. Asthma guidelines suggest treating persistent asthma with inhaled corticosteroids and long acting β-agonists (LABA). We examined the link between physiological function and structural changes following treatment fluticasone and salmeterol separately or in combination in a mouse model of allergic asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized to intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) followed by six daily inhalation exposures. Treatments included 9 daily nebulized administrations of fluticasone alone (6 mg/ml), salmeterol (3 mg/ml), or the combination fluticasone and salmeterol. Lung impedance was measured following methacholine inhalation challenge. Airway inflammation, epithelial injury, mucus containing cells, and collagen content were assessed 48 hours after OVA challenge. Lungs were imaged using micro-CT. Treatment of allergic airways disease with fluticasone alone or in combination with salmeterol reduced AHR to approximately naüve levels while salmeterol alone increased elastance by 39% compared to control. Fluticasone alone and fluticasone in combination with salmeterol both reduced inflammation to near naive levels. Mucin containing cells were also reduced with fluticasone and fluticasone in combination with salmeterol. Fluticasone alone and in combination with salmeterol reduces airway inflammation and remodeling, but salmeterol alone worsens AHR: and these functional changes are consistent with the concomitant changes in mucus metaplasia.
Magnetic properties of nanosized wires (2010)

Assemblies of ferromagnetic cylinders made of Ni with diameters ranging from 35 to 250 nm were produced by electrodeposition in nanoporous membranes. The large coercive fields of Ni nanowires at low temperature could be accounted for by the curling mode of magnetization reversal, taking into account the distributions of win diameters and orientations. The coercive field of the nanowires of the smaller diameter range decreased from 1500 Oe at 20 K to 200 Oe at 300 K nearly linearly. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.
Caspase-1 and -3 Inhibiting Drimane Sesquiterpenoids from the Extremophilic Fungus Penicillium solitum (2012)

Two new drimane sesquiterpene lactones and one new tricarboxylic acid derivative were isolated from the Berkeley Pit extremophilic fungus Penicillium solitum. The structures of these compounds were deduced by spectroscopic analysis. Berkedrimanes A and B inhibited the signal transduction enzymes caspase-1 and caspase-3 and mitigated the production of interleukin 1-β in the induced THP-1 (pro-monocytic leukemia cell line) assay.
Realizing throughput guarantees in a differentiated services network (2003)

This paper discusses techniques for achieving desired throughput guarantees in the Internet that supports a differentiated services framework. The diff-serv framework proposes the use of different drop precedences to achieve service guarantees over the Internet. However, it has been observed that the drop precedences by themselves cannot achieve the desired target rates because of the strong interaction of the transport protocol with packet drops in the network. This paper proposes and evaluates a number of techniques to better achieve the throughput guarantees in such networks. The proposed techniques consider: modifying the transport protocol at the sender; modifying the marking strategies at the marker; and modifying the dropping policies at the router. It is shown that these techniques improve the likelihood of achieving the desired throughput guarantees and also improve the service differentiation.
Long-chain neutral glycolipids and gangliosides of murine fibroblast lines and their low- and high-tumourigenic hybrids. (1976)

The patterns of long-chain neutral glycolipids and gangliosides of established, L-cell-derived murine fibroblast lines and their low- and high-tumorigenic hybrids were studied.
Shingrix for Herpes Zoster: A Review (2019)

Herpes zoster (HZ), also known as shingles, results from reactivation of the latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which commonly causes chickenpox in childhood. Greater than 90% of adults are infected with this virus, putting them at risk for reactivation. HZ presents as a painful, vesicular rash distributed in a unilateral and dermatomal pattern along dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia. The rash often presents with prodromal symptoms and progresses to include clear vesicular clusters, evolving through stages of pustulation, ulceration, and crusting. HZ therapy currently involves the use of antiviral agents and pain management; however, HZ prophylaxis has been strongly recommended in older adults through vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine, Zostavax®. A new recombinant subunit vaccine, HZ/su (Shingrix®), is the subject of this review. In clinical trials, HZ/su demonstrated an overall vaccine efficacy of 97.2% among participants 50 years of age or older, indicating a significantly reduced risk of HZ in these individuals. Shingrix® was approved by the US FDA in October 2017 as HZ prophylaxis.
Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health (2006)

Soy protein and isoflavones (phytoestrogens) have gained considerable attention for their potential role in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This scientific advisory assesses the more recent work published on soy protein and its component isoflavones. In the majority of 22 randomized trials, isolated soy protein with isoflavones, as compared with milk or other proteins, decreased LDL cholesterol concentrations; the average effect was approximately 3%. This reduction is very small relative to the large amount of soy protein tested in these studies, averaging 50 g, about half the usual total daily protein intake. No significant effects on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), or blood pressure were evident. Among 19 studies of soy isoflavones, the average effect on LDL cholesterol and other lipid risk factors was nil. Soy protein and isoflavones have not been shown to lessen vasomotor symptoms of menopause, and results are mixed with regard to soy's ability to slow postmenopausal bone loss. The efficacy and safety of soy isoflavones for preventing or treating cancer of the breast, endometrium, and prostate are not established; evidence from clinical trials is meager and cautionary with regard to a possible adverse effect. For this reason, use of isoflavone supplements in food or pills is not recommended. Thus, earlier research indicating that soy protein has clinically important favorable effects as compared with other proteins has not been confirmed. In contrast, many soy products should be beneficial to cardiovascular and overall health because of their high content of polyunsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and low content of saturated fat.
EFFECTS OF ION BEAM IRRADIATION ON MUTATION INDUCTION IN RICE. (2007)

Heavy- ion beam irradiation is an effective technique for mutation breeding to produce new cultivars. We evaluated the conditions of heavy-ion beam irradiation on mutation induction in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice seeds were irradiated by C or Ne ions accelerated to 135MeV/u within a dose range of 10 to 400 Gy. The LET (linear energy transfer) range of the C-ion beam was 23 to 100keV/μm and that of the Ne-ion beam was 60 to 100keV/μm. To evaluate the effect of irradiation, survival rate and the seed fertility were examined in M1 plants and the frequency of chlorophyll deficient mutants (CDM) was examined in M2 plants. The conditions of C-ion and Ne-ion irradiation to maintain high survival rate were up to 20Gy with 23-40keV/μm, and up to 10Gy with 60-80 keV/μm, respectively. Seed fertility tended to be unaffected by LET values of 23-70 keV/μm with the same dose of irradiation. The highest frequency of CDM was observed in 10Gy at C or Ne ion irradiation with 60-70 keV/μm. In this study, we isolated several mutant lines such as salt-tolerant, bronzing, crinkled-dwarf, necrosis and chlorosis. These mutants could be important as genetic resources for research in plant functional genomics.
Beam bending via plasmonic lenses (2010)

We have designed and characterized three different types of plasmonic lenses that cannot only focus, but can also bend electromagnetic (EM) waves. The bending effect is achieved by constructing an asymmetric phase front caused by varying phase retardations in EM waves as they pass through a plasmonic lens. With an incident wave normal to the lens surface, light bends up to 8° off the axial direction. The optical wave propagation was numerically investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Simulation results show that the proposed plasmonic lenses allow effective beam bending under both normal and tilted incidence. With their relatively large bending range and capability to perform in the far field, the plamsonic lenses described in this article could be valuable in applications such as photonic communication and plasmonic circuits.
Measurement of anti‐D intrinsic affinity with unlabeled antibodies (2004)

A simple ELISA method was developed for the measurement of the affinity of anti-D MoAbs for the D antigen and for the number of antigenic sites per RBC. As a result, the affinity of anti-D can be estimated accurately, thus avoiding the drawbacks inherent in modification of the antibody by 125I-labeling.
Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Demonstrate Retention of Tumor Morphology through Incorporation of Murine Stromal Elements (2015)

Direct implantation of viable surgical specimens provides a representative preclinical platform in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patient-derived xenografts consistently demonstrate retained tumor morphology and genetic stability. However, the evolution of the tumor microenvironment over time remains poorly characterized in these models. This work specifically addresses the recruitment and incorporation of murine stromal elements into expanding patient-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts, establishing the integration of murine cells into networks of invading cancer cells. In addition, we provide methods and observations in the establishment and maintenance of a patient-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft model. A total of 25 histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens were implanted subcutaneously into nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Patient demographics, staging, pathological analysis, and outcomes were analyzed. After successful engraftment of tumors, histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on explanted tumors. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens were successfully engrafted in 15 (60%) of 25 attempts. Successful engraftment does not appear to correlate with clinicopathologic factors or patient survival. Tumor morphology is conserved through multiple passages, and tumors retain metastatic potential. Interestingly, despite morphological similarity between passages, human stromal elements do not appear to expand with invading cancer cells. Rather, desmoplastic murine stroma dominates the xenograft microenvironment after the initial implantation. Recruitment of stromal elements in this manner to support and maintain tumor growth represents a novel avenue for investigation into tumor-stromal interactions.
Expressions of sonic hedgehog, patched, smoothened and Gli-1 in human intestinal stromal tumors and their correlation with prognosis (2006)

瞄准：调查表明小径的刺猬(Hh ) 包括声音的刺猬(嘘) ，修正了的角色(Ptc ) ， Smoothened (Smo ) 和 Gli-1，在人的胃肠的基质肿瘤(大意) 玩。方法：通过手术，从有大意，平滑肌瘤和 schwannomas 的病人的 resected 标本被免疫检验为分别地表明部件，嘘， Ptc， Smo 和 Gli-1 的刺猬的异常表示的组织化学的染色。结果：在大意， 58.1%(31 中的 18 个) ， 77.4%(31 中的 24 个) ， 80.6%(31 中的 25 个) 并且(31 中的 18 个)58.1% 标本染色了为嘘， Ptc， Smo 和 Gli-1 积极分别地。在平滑肌瘤， 92.3%(13 中的 12 个) ， 92.3%(13 中的 12 个) ， 69.2%(13 中的 9 个) 并且(13 中的 12 个)92.3% 染色了为嘘， Ptc， Smo 和 Gli-1 积极分别地。在 schwannomas， 83.3%(6 中的 5 个) ， 83.3%(6 中的 5 个) ， 83.3%(6 中的 5 个) 并且 100%(6 中的 6 个) 染色了为嘘， Ptc， Smo 和 Gli-1 积极分别地。Immunohistochemistry 表明嘘和 Gli-1 的表情比在大意在平滑肌瘤是显著地更高的(P < 0.05，分别地) 。嘘表示强烈与肿瘤风险范畴的等级并且与肿瘤尺寸相关(P < 0.05，分别地) 。然而， Ptc 和 Smo 的表情没与组织病理学说的区别相关。结论：这些结果建议表明小径的 Hh 可以在生肌的区别和人的肠的基质肿瘤的恶意的潜力起一个重要作用。
Cyanide‐Bridged CrIII–NiII Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (2003)

Using reverse micelles as nanoreactors facilitates the preparation of bimetallic Cr III –Ni II cyanide‐bridged nanoparticles that behave as superparamagnets with a blocking temperature of 5.5 K. The Figure presents a plot of magnetization vs. field for various temperatures. Redispersion in an organic solution allows the particles to be diluted in a polymer matrix (inset of Figure) leading to a shift of the blocking temperature down to 2 K.
Effect of low culture temperature on specific productivity, transcription level, and heterogeneity of erythropoietin in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2003)

To determine the effect of low culture temperature on erythropoietin (EPO) production in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, rCHO cells producing EPO (LGE10-9-27) were cultivated at 30, 33, and 37 degrees C. At a culture temperature lower than 37 degrees C cell growth was suppressed, but cell viability remained high for a longer culture period. When the culture temperature was lowered from 37 degrees C to 33 degrees C, more than a 2.5-fold increase in the maximum EPO concentration was achieved. This enhanced EPO production at 33 degrees C was not just because of the extended culture longevity with the decreased release of proteolytic enzymes from dead cells, but mainly because of enhanced q(EPO). The q(EPO) at 33 degrees C was 0.35 +/- 0.08 microg/10(6) cells/h, which was approximately 4-fold higher than that at 37 degrees C. Although the highest q(EPO) of 0.49 +/- 0.14 micro/10(6) cells/h was obtained at 30 degrees C, the maximum EPO concentration was lowest because the detrimental effect of lowering culture temperature on cell growth outweighed its beneficial effect on q(EPO). Like q(EPO), the relative EPO mRNA content increased by lowering culture temperature, indicating that the increased transcription level of EPO was responsible in part for the enhanced q(EPO) at low culture temperature. The quality of EPO produced at 33 degrees C in regard to isoform pattern, sialic acid content, and in vivo biological activity was comparable to or even better than that produced at 37 degrees C. Taken together, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of the application of low culture temperature to the commercial EPO production in rCHO cells.
Specific abstraction of the 5'S- and 4'-deoxyribosyl hydrogen atoms from DNA by calicheamicin .gamma.1I (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpecific abstraction of the 5'S- and 4'-deoxyribosyl hydrogen atoms from DNA by calicheamicin .gamma.1IJon J. Hangeland, James J. De Voss, Julie A. Heath, Craig A. Townsend, Wei Dong Ding, Joseph S. Ashcroft, and George A. EllestadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 23, 9200–9202Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00049a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00049a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunotherapy With Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 and Recombinant Interferon-α in Lymphoma Patients Postautologous Marrow or Stem Cell Transplantation (1997)

Immune-mediated effects appear to play a major role in controlling minimal residual disease (MRD). We, therefore, investigated the role of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) given concomitantly with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in malignant lymphoma (ML) patients with responding disease following autologous bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT). Fifty-six patients were included in this investigation. Thirty-two patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 24 patients had Hodgkin's disease (HD). Sixty-one patients (NHL 36, HD 25) served as historical controls. Patients from both groups had similar demographic characteristics, the same stage of disease at presentation, status of disease at transplantation, conditioning regimens, and type of transplant. rIL-2 and IFN-alpha were self-administered in two cycles beginning 2.5 to 10.5 months (median, 4 months) posttransplant and separated by a 4-week interval. Each cycle consisted of IFN-alpha subcutaneously (SC) 3 x 10(6) U/d x 5 d/wk combined with rIL-2 SC 3 to 6 IU/m2/d x 5 d/wk for 4 weeks. The incidence of survival and disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly higher in the group under investigation than in the historical controls (P < .01). Of 56 patients with ML treated with IFN-alpha + rIL-2, 45 patients are DFS (80.4%) after a follow-up of 7 to 78 months (median, 34 months), whereas in the historical controls, 32 of 61 (52.5%) patients are disease free, in a follow-up of 4 to 84 months (median, 23 months) posttransplant (P < .01). Our preliminary results are encouraging and suggest that home administered immunotherapy with IFN-alpha and rIL-2 is relatively well tolerated and may intensify remission in ML patients with MRD following ABSCT.
Screening of Compounds against Gardnerella vaginalis Biofilms (2016)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection in reproductive age woman and is characterized by dysbiosis of the healthy vaginal flora which is dominated by Lactobacilli, followed by growth of bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis. The ability of G. vaginalis to form biofilms contributes to the high rates of recurrence that are typical for BV and which unfortunately make repeated antibiotic therapy inevitable. Here we developed a biofilm model for G. vaginalis and screened a large spectrum of compounds for their ability to prevent biofilm formation and to resolve an existing G. vaginalis biofilm. The antibiotics metronidazole and tobramycin were highly effective in preventing biofilm formation, but had no effect on an established biofilm. The application of the amphoteric tenside sodium cocoamphoacetate (SCAA) led to disintegration of existing biofilms, reducing biomass by 51% and viability by 61% and it was able to increase the effect of metronidazole by 40% (biomass) and 61% (viability). Our data show that attacking the biofilm and the bacterial cells by the combination of an amphoteric tenside with the antibiotic metronidazole might be a useful strategy against BV.
Virtual source: new method for imaging and 4D below complex overburden (2004)

Complex overburden is responsible for a variety of seismic imaging/4D problems. Sometimes overburden complexity simply prevents us from imaging the deeper subsurface. We are unable to sufficiently sample and accurately build and honor near‐surface velocity models. We propose an alternative solution that does not require knowledge of the near‐surface velocity model. The price to pay is placing geophones in the Earth below the most complex near‐surface part while keeping sources at the surface. Receivers may sit in horizontal or slanted wells, which may be producers/injectors or dedicated side‐tracks. Utilizing time reversal logic, we convert surface‐to‐downhole data into a new dataset with downhole Virtual Sources (VS) located at geophone positions. The resulting VS dataset with both downhole sources and receivers can be conventionally imaged requiring only the bottom portion of the velocity model below the receivers that is more simple to obtain. To illustrate the technique, we show application to one synthetic data set and one field case study.