gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable Detection and Identification of Genetically Modified Maize, Soybean, and Canola by Multiplex PCR Analysis (2003)

Multiplex PCR procedures were developed for simultaneously detecting multiple target sequences in genetically modified (GM) soybean (Roundup Ready), maize (event 176, Bt11, Mon810, T14/25), and canola (GT73, HCN92/28, MS8/RF3, Oxy 235). Internal control targets (invertase gene in corn, lectin and beta-actin genes in soybean, and cruciferin gene in canola) were included as appropriate to assess the efficiency of all reactions, thereby eliminating any false negatives. Primer combinations that allowed the identification of specific lines were used. In one system of identification, simultaneous amplification profiling (SAP), rather than target specific detection, was used for the identification of four GM maize lines. SAP is simple and has the potential to identify both approved and nonapproved GM lines. The template concentration was identified as a critical factor affecting efficient multiplex PCRs. In canola, 75 ng of DNA template was more effective than 50 ng of DNA for the simultaneous amplification of all targets in a reaction volume of 25 microL. Reliable identification of GM canola was achieved at a DNA concentration of 3 ng/microL, and at 0.1% for GM soybean, indicating high levels of sensitivity. Nonspecific amplification was utilized in this study as a tool for specific and reliable identification of one line of GM maize. The primer cry1A 4-3' (antisense primer) recognizes two sites on the DNA template extracted from GM transgenic maize containing event 176 (European corn borer resistant), resulting in the amplification of products of 152 bp (expected) and 485 bp (unexpected). The latter fragment was sequenced and confirmed to be Cry1A specific. The systems described herein represent simple, accurate, and sensitive GMO detection methods in which only one reaction is necessary to detect multiple GM target sequences that can be reliably used for the identification of specific lines of GMOs.
3.28 Tb/s (82×40 Gb/s) transmission over 3×100 km nonzero-dispersion fiber using dual C- and L-band hybrid Raman/erbium doped inline amplifiers (2002)

We demonstrate transmission of a record aggregate capacity of 3.28 Tb/s (82/spl times/40 Gb/s PRBS 2/sup 31/-1 NRZ) over 3/spl times/100 km of a demonstration TrueWave(R) fiber with very low dispersion slope. The system for the first time incorporate dual C- and L-band transmission and distributed Raman amplification in addition to the 40 Gb/s line rate.
Efficacy and safety of 800 and 1200 mg eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures (2009)

Once-daily treatment with ESL 800 and 1200 mg was effective and generally well tolerated.
An Adaptive Temporal Error Concealment Technique (2007)

The error concealment technique can efficiently compensate the data loss and the data errors in the transmission process caused by the transmission environment,thus improve the quality of the video received.In this paper,we propose a novel adaptive temporal error concealment technique.To conceal a lost block,we estimate both the motion of the whole block and the motion of every pixel in the block,and then adaptively combine the two estimated motion to obtain the recovery value of the missing pixel according to the status of a missing pixel in this block.Experimental results show the proposed method is significantly better than the existing techniques in terms of both subjective and objective quality.
Functional nucleoside transporters are required for gemcitabine influx and manifestation of toxicity in cancer cell lines. (1998)

Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) is a novel pyrimidine nucleoside drug with clinical efficacy in several common epithelial cancers. We have proposed that gemcitabine requires nucleoside transporter (NT) proteins to permeate the plasma membrane and to exhibit pharmacological activity. In humans, there are seven reported distinct NT activities varying in substrate specificity, sodium dependence, and sensitivity to inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR) and dipyridamole. To determine which NTs are required for gemcitabine-dependent growth inhibition, cultures from a panel of 12 cell lines with defined plasma membrane NT activities were incubated with different concentrations of gemcitabine. Cell proliferation was assessed by the sulforhodamine B assay and cell enumeration to identify the concentrations of gemcitabine that inhibited cell replication by 50% (IC50s). NT activity was a prerequisite for growth inhibition in vitro because: (a) the nucleoside transport-deficient cells were highly resistant to gemcitabine; and (b) treatment of cells that exhibited only equilibrative NT activity with NBMPR or dipyridamole increased resistance to gemcitabine by 39- to 1800-fold. These data suggested that the type of NT activities possessed by a cell may be an important determinant of its sensitivity to gemcitabine and that NT deficiency may confer significant gemcitabine resistance. We analyzed the uptake kinetics of [3H]gemcitabine by each of five human NT activities in cell lines that exhibited a single NT activity in isolation; transient transfection of the cDNAs encoding the human concentrative NT proteins (hCNT1 and hCNT2) was used to study the cit and cif activities, respectively. The efficiency of gemcitabine uptake varied markedly among the cell lines with single NTs: es approximately = cit > ei > cib >>> cif. The transportability of [3H]gemcitabine was demonstrated by reconstitution of the human es NT in proteoliposomes, confirming that gemcitabine permeation is a protein-mediated process.
Impact of population structure in the design of RNA-based diagnostics for antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2019)

ABSTRACT Quantitative assessment of antibiotic-responsive RNA transcripts holds promise for a rapid point of care (POC) diagnostic tool for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. These assays aim to distinguish susceptible and resistant isolates by transcriptional differences upon drug exposure. However, an often-overlooked dimension of designing these tests is that the genetic diversity within a species may yield differential transcriptional regulation independent of resistance phenotype. Here, we use a phylogenetically diverse panel of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and transcriptome profiling coupled with RT-qPCR to test this hypothesis, to identify azithromycin responsive transcripts and evaluate their potential diagnostic value, and to evaluate previously reported diagnostic markers for ciprofloxacin resistance ( porB and rpmB ). Transcriptome profiling confirmed evidence of population structure in transcriptional response to azithromycin. Taking this population structure into account, we found azithromycin-responsive transcripts overrepresented in susceptible strains compared to resistant strains, and selected four candidate diagnostic transcripts ( rpsO , rplN , omp3 , and NGO1079) that were the most significantly differentially regulated between phenotypes across drug exposure. RNA signatures for these markers categorically predicted resistance in 19/20 cases, with the one incorrect categorical assignment for an isolate at the threshold of reduced susceptibility. Finally, we found that porB and rpmB expression were not diagnostic of ciprofloxacin resistance in a panel of isolates with unbiased phylogenetic sampling. Overall, our results suggest that RNA signatures as a diagnostic tool are promising for future POC diagnostics; however, development and testing should consider representative genetic diversity of the target pathogen.
Inhibition of NF-κB improves left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (2006)

Several studies have demonstrated that NF-kappaB is substantially involved in the progression of cardiac remodeling; however, it remains uncertain whether the continuous inhibition of NF-kappaB is effective for the prevention of myocardial remodeling. Myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by ligation of the left anterior coronary artery of rats. IMD-0354 (10 mg/kg per day), a novel phosphorylation inhibitor of IkappaB that acts via inhibition of IKK-beta, was injected intraperitoneally starting 24 h after induction of MI for 28 days. After 28 days, the IMD-0354-treated group showed significantly improved survival rate compared with that of the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05). Although infarct size was similar in both groups, improved left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction, as indicated by smaller LV cavity (LV end-diastolic area: vehicle, 74.13 +/- 3.57 mm(2); IMD-0354, 55.00 +/- 3.73 mm(2); P < 0.05), smaller peak velocity of early-to-late filling wave (E/A) ratio (vehicle, 3.87 +/- 0.26; IMD-0354, 2.61 +/- 0.24; P < 0.05), and lower plasma brain natriuretic peptide level (vehicle, 167.63 +/- 14.87 pg/ml; IMD-0354, 110.75 +/- 6.41 pg/ml; P < 0.05), were observed in the IMD-0354-treated group. Moreover, fibrosis, accumulation of macrophages, and expression of several factors (transforming growth factor-beta1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2) in the noninfarcted myocardium was remarkably inhibited by IMD-0354. In conclusion, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation may reduce the proinflammatory reactions and modulate the extracellular matrix and provide an effective approach to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling after MI.
Hydrolytic stability of silanated zirconia‐silica‐urethane dimethacrylate composites (1995)

The effect of the method of silanation of zirconia-silica by 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPM) and 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (APM) on the diametral tensile and transverse strength of composites made from these silanated fillers and a urethane dimethacrylate was determined after 0-108 h of boiling in water. The water sorption of these composites was also measured at times up to 108 h. Silanation with either silane significantly increased the tensile and transverse strengths and decreased water sorption relative to comparable unsilanated controls. Silanation with MAPM from ethanol solution at three times the minimum uniform coverage gave the best overall results, and the tensile strength tests appeared to be most predictive of effectiveness of the silane treatments.
Early Response to Rotavirus Infection Involves Massive B Cell Activation (2002)

Rotavirus is an acute enteric pathogen which induces severe diarrhea in infants and children. To determine the immune response to rotavirus in vivo, we used a mouse model of rotavirus infection. We observed dramatic increases in the sizes of both Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, but not spleen, between 1 and 6 days after infection with a homologous strain of murine rotavirus, EC wild type. Histological analysis showed large increases in the numbers of lymphocytes in these same tissues in rotavirus-infected mice. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the increase in numbers of lymphocytes and revealed a large increase in the percentage of activated B, but not T, lymphocytes in both Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of rotavirus-infected mice compared with control mice. Fragment cultures from these tissues established at 3-4 days postinfection contain rotavirus-specific IgM but not IgA Ab. A similar degree of lymphoid hyperplasia and percentage of activated B cells were observed in rotavirus-infected TCR knockout mice. Taken together, our findings show that rotavirus infection, in the context of a normal immune response, induces a large increase in the percentages of activated B cells in the absence of any detectable increase in the percentage of activated T cells, implicating a T cell-independent B cell response as the primary mechanism for initial rotavirus clearance.
Role of ribosome degradation in the death of starved Escherichia coli cells (1986)

In Escherichia coli cultures limited for phosphate, the number of ribosomal particles was reduced to a small percentage of its earlier peak value by the time the viable cell count began to drop; the 30S subunits decreased more than the 50S subunits. Moreover, the ribosomal activity was reduced even more: these cells no longer synthesized protein, and their extracts could not translate phage RNA unless ribosomes were added. The translation initiation factors also disappeared, suggesting that they become less stable when released from their normal attachment to 30S subunits. In contrast, elongation factors, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and tRNA persisted. During further incubation, until viability was reduced to 10(-5), the ribosomal particles disappeared altogether, while tRNA continued to be preserved. These results suggest that an excessive loss of ribosomes (and of initiation factors) may be a major cause of cell death during prolonged phosphate starvation.
Evaluation of new anticancer agents against the MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 human pancreatic carcinoma xenografts. (1993)

Human pancreatic carcinoma xenograft models were developed from established MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell lines (ATCC, Rockville, MD). Tumors were maintained by serial trocar implantation in CD1 nu/nu mice, and attempts were made to test all drugs under optimal schedules at maximum tolerated doses. In both models, adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil were inactive (< 60% inhibition of tumor weight), whereas gemcitabine (LY188011] produced modest activity (69% inhibition in MIA PaCa-2 and 76% inhibition in PANC-1. Major differences in tumor sensitivity were noted with diarylsulfonylureas (DSU) and taxol. The DSU (Sulofenur [LY186641] and LY295501) produced complete inhibition in the MIA PaCa-2 xenograft, but were inactive in PANC-1. Conversely, taxol produced 80% inhibition of PANC-1 tumor growth, but was inactive against MIA PaCa-2. In general, in vivo antitumor activity roughly correlated with in vitro tumor cytotoxicity with the exception of DSU. We have previously shown that DSU are extensively bound to albumin and that in vitro cytotoxic activity in serum-containing medium is not predictive of in vivo antitumor activity. The MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 xenograft models may be useful for selecting potential candidates for therapy of human pancreatic cancer.
Geological and Soil Evidence (2007)

The forensic potential of geological and soil evidence has been recognized for more than a century, but recently these types of evidence are used much more widely as an investigative intelligence tool and as evidence in court. There is, however, still a poor understanding of the potential value and the limitations of geological and soil evidence am
Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third-Generation Photovoltaic Solar Cells (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSemiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third-Generation Photovoltaic Solar CellsA. J. Nozik*†‡, M. C. Beard†, J. M. Luther†, M. Law§, R. J. Ellingson∥, and J. C. Johnson†View Author Information The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†The National Renewable Energy Laboratory.‡University of Colorado.§University of California, Irvine.∥University of Toledo.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 11, 6873–6890Publication Date (Web):October 14, 2010Publication History Received25 August 2009Published online14 October 2010Published inissue 10 November 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900289fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900289freview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23472Altmetric-Citations1095LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Excitons,Quantum dots,Semiconductors,Solar cells,Solar energy Get e-Alerts
Multiresolution Tangent Distance for Affine-invariant Classification (1997)

The ability to rely on similarity metrics invariant to image transforma-tions is an important issue for image classification tasks such as face or character recognition. We analyze an invariant metric that has performed well for the latter- the tangent distance- and study its limitations when applied to regular images, showing that the most significant among these (convergence to local minima) can be drastically reduced by computing the distance in a multiresolution setting. This leads to the multi resolution tangent distance, which exhibits significantly higher invariance to im-age transformations, and can be easily combined with robust estimation procedures. 1
CD40 is Necessary for Activation of Naïve T Cells by a Dendritic Cell Line In Vivo but not In Vitro (2004)

The importance of CD40-CD40L interactions during CD4(+) T-cell activation has been extensively investigated over the years; however, it still remains questionable whether the interaction is a prerequisite for dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antigen-specific priming in vivo. Naïve CD4(+) T cells require two signals for proper activation and induction of differentiation: signal 1 is provided by peptide antigens in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, while signal 2 is delivered by costimulatory molecules such as CD80 or CD86 present on the antigen-presenting cell (APC). It is well known that the expression of CD80/CD86 is upregulated after interaction between CD40 on APCs and CD40L expressed by at least partly activated T cells. We used a DC line, JawsII, to compare the importance of CD40 expression and downstream signalling in vitro and in vivo. JawsII cells represent pre-immature bone marrow-derived DCs expressing low levels of MHC molecules, low levels of B7 molecules and no CD40. We have previously shown that JawsII cells, despite the lack of CD40 expression, are capable of priming naïve allogeneic T cells in vitro. In correlation with the current literature, we present data showing that constitutive expression of CD40 significantly increases the priming capacity of JawsII cells in vitro. In addition, we show that CD40 expression is required for JawsII cell-dependent T-cell priming in vivo.
Production of Odd-Carbon Dicarboxylic Acids in Escherichia coli Using an Engineered Biotin–Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway (2017)

Dicarboxylic acids are commodity chemicals used in the production of plastics, polyesters, nylons, fragrances, and medications. Bio-based routes to dicarboxylic acids are gaining attention due to environmental concerns about petroleum-based production of these compounds. Some industrial applications require dicarboxylic acids with specific carbon chain lengths, including odd-carbon species. Biosynthetic pathways involving cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of fatty acids in yeast and bacteria have been reported, but these systems produce almost exclusively even-carbon species. Here we report a novel pathway to odd-carbon dicarboxylic acids directly from glucose in Escherichia coli by employing an engineered pathway combining enzymes from biotin and fatty acid synthesis. Optimization of the pathway will lead to industrial strains for the production of valuable odd-carbon diacids.
SENSORY PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDED CORN MEAL RELATED TO THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PROCESS CONDITIONS (1994)

ABSTRACT The quality determining factors of extruded products are affected by the temperature, shear and pressure generated by any input to the extruder during the short residence time (&lt; 120s). Although the relationship of process history to measurable product qualities has been established, sensory qualities have not been well correlated to these process responses. Sensory attributes of extruded corn meal products were investigated and correlated to measured physical properties in this study. Corn meal was extruded in a twin screw extruder (Baker Perkins MPF 50/25; LD ratio 15:1) with step increases in screw speed from 200‐400 rpm, and moisture from 16‐22%. Principal component analysis (PCA) of main factors from sensory color, crispness, and adhesiveness was correlated to process torque, pressure and temperature. Spatial distribution of process response and product attributes showed crispness to be dependent on extrusion temperature. Porosity and adhesiveness were not correlated to any measured process response. PCA analysis identified significant differences in the effects of moisture and screw speed input to the extruder on product properties.
The αvβ5 integrin functions as an endocytic receptor for vitronectin (1998)

Endocytosis and degradation of vitronectin by human skin fibroblasts are regulated by the beta5 integrin. To determine whether the beta5 integrin is directly mediating the internalization of vitronectin, both vitronectin and the beta5 integrin were localized by indirect immunofluorescence during the endocytic process. This analysis showed that both vitronectin and beta5 were found in intracellular vesicles within 5 minutes of the addition of exogenous vitronectin to fibroblast cell layers. By 15 minutes, approximately 20% of the vitronectin-containing vesicles stained positively for beta5. In contrast, the beta3 integrin was not found in any intracellular vesicles. Within 30 minutes, more than 50% of vitronectin-containing vesicles also stained for lamp-1, indicating that internalized vitronectin traveled to lysosomes. Inhibition of clathrin assembly by either potassium depletion or hypertonic buffer inhibited vitronectin internalization, suggesting that vitronectin internalization occurred through coated pits. Confocal analysis confirmed the colocalization of vitronectin and alphavbeta5 in intracellular compartments and further demonstrated that the highest colocalization of the two proteins occurred within 1.8 microm from the ventral surface of the cell, suggesting endocytosis occurred at the substrate level. Pretreatment of cells with the PI-3 kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, resulted in a marked increase in the coincidence of vitronectin and beta5 staining within vesicles and prevented the accumulation of vitronectin within lysosomes. This suggests that following internalization, vitronectin and the alphavbeta5 integrin are segregated to different cellular compartments. This study provides the first evidence that the alphavbeta5 vitronectin receptor directly mediates the internalization of vitronectin.