gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in Th1 (mycobacterial) and Th2 (schistosomal) antigen-induced granuloma formation: relationship to local inflammation, Th cell expression, and IL-12 production (1996)

The present study examined the contribution of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) to granulomatous inflammation mediated by Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Types 1 and 2 lung granulomas (GR) were respectively induced in presensitized CBA mice by embolization of beads coupled to purified protein derivative of Mycobacteria tuberculosis or soluble Ags derived from Schistosoma mansoni eggs. MCP-1 was spontaneously produced by intact GR, isolated GR macrophages, and draining lymph node cultures, but levels were greater in the type 2 than in the type 1 response. In vivo depletion of IFN-gamma augmented type 2 inflammation and local MCP production; IL-4 depletion had the opposite effect. These treatments had no significant effect on the type 1 response. Treatment with anti-MCP-1, but not that with anti-MIP-1alpha, Abs caused a 30% decrease in type 2 GR area. Neither treatment affected the type 1 GR. Intrinsic MCP-1 was detected immunohistochemically within lymph nodes and appeared to support IL-4-/IL-5-producing lymph node cells. In addition, MCP-1 inhibited IL-12 production by inflammatory macrophages. The latter was demonstrated as a potentially direct effect of MCP-1 on macrophages. These findings show that MCP-1 contributes more to type 2 than to type 1 cytokine-mediated inflammation and suggest a broader role for chemokines in regulating Th cell expression.
Studying and Suppressing Olefin Isomerization Side Reactions During ADMET Polymerizations (2009)

Olefin isomerization side reactions that occur during ADMET polymerizations were studied by preparing polyesters via ADMET and subsequently degrading these polyesters via transesterification with methanol. The resulting diesters, representing the repeating units of the previously prepared polyesters, were then analyzed by GC-MS. This strategy allowed quantification of the amount of olefin isomerization that took place during ADMET polymerization with second generation ruthenium metathesis catalysts. In a second step, it was shown that the addition of benzoquinone to the polymerization mixture prevented the olefin isomerization. Therefore, second generation ruthenium metathesis catalysts may now be used for the preparation of well-defined polymers via ADMET with very little isomerization, which was not possible before.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of novel tetra- and penta-cyclic biologically active benzopyran- and pyridopyran-containing heterocyclic systems (2012)

Syntheses of novel tetra-and penta-cyclic benzopyran and pyridopyran derivatives, via direct intramolecular arylation of 2-iodophenoxymethylhetarenes and 3-(2-bromo-pyridin-3yloxymethyl)-benzo [4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole in the catalytic system Pd(OAc)2 / Xantphos / Cs2CO3 / Ag2CO3 in toluene, and a one-pot bicatalytic method for 12H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4:4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole directly from 3-chloromethylbenzo [4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2-iodophenol, are described. This latter compound exhibits high cytotoxicity (MG-22A, 6 g/mL) on the mouse hepatoma cancer cell line and low toxicity (LD50, 1058 mg/kg) on the mouse Swiss albino embryo fibroblasts 3T3.
Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today (2003)

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, WHICH may be defined as blindness (best vision of 20/200 in the better eye in the United States and 20/400 by the World Health Organization [WHO] definition) or low vision ( 20/40 in the United States and 20/60 according to WHO), is one of the most common disabilities: an estimated 40 million people worldwide were blind nearly a decade ago, the time of the last accurate assessment, and 110 million people had low vision. Among persons older than 40 years in the United States, 937000 people were blind and 2.4 million people had low vision in 2002. Figures for the developing world, where approximately 90% of world blindness exists, and the developed world are expected to increase significantly during the next decades as the world’s population ages.
Hierarchical phosphorylation of the translation inhibitor 4E-BP1 (2001)

In most instances, translation is regulated at the initiation phase, when a ribosome is recruited to the 5' end of an mRNA. The eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) interdict translation initiation by binding to the translation factor eIF4E, and preventing recruitment of the translation machinery to mRNA. The 4E-BPs inhibit translation in a reversible manner. Hypophosphorylated 4E-BPs interact avidly with eIF4E, whereas 4E-BP hyperphosphorylation, elicited by stimulation of cells with hormones, cytokines, or growth factors, results in an abrogation of eIF4E-binding activity. We reported previously that phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 on Thr 37 and Thr 46 is relatively insensitive to serum deprivation and rapamycin treatment, and that phosphorylation of these residues is required for the subsequent phosphorylation of a set of unidentified serum-responsive sites. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identify the serum-responsive, rapamycin-sensitive sites as Ser 65 and Thr 70. Utilizing a novel combination of two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with phosphospecific antibodies, we also establish the order of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in vivo; phosphorylation of Thr 37/Thr 46 is followed by Thr 70 phosphorylation, and Ser 65 is phosphorylated last. Finally, we show that phosphorylation of Ser 65 and Thr 70 alone is insufficient to block binding to eIF4E, indicating that a combination of phosphorylation events is necessary to dissociate 4E-BP1 from eIF4E.
Implementation of Berlekamp—Massey algorithm without inversion (1991)

The Berlekamp–Massey algorithm can be implemented without inversion. For high-rate codes with large field size, the proposed implementation will significantly reduce the space complexity in comparison with Massey&apos;s implementation, while still having the same or less time complexity.
Spatially Addressable Combinatorial Libraries (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpatially Addressable Combinatorial LibrariesMichael C. PirrungView Author Information Department of Chemistry, P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 2, 473–488Publication Date (Web):April 1, 1997Publication History Received31 July 1996Revised27 November 1996Published online1 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960013ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960013oresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views864Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antigens,Biopolymers,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Yeast Exhibiting a Rapid Inhibition of Protein Synthesis (1968)

Certain temperature-sensitive (ts(-)) mutants of yeast which cannot be corrected by nutritional supplementation exhibited a rapid cessation of protein synthesis after a shift to the restrictive temperature. Genetic and biochemical tests permitted a division of these mutants into four classes. This division was based upon genetic complementation patterns among the mutants and an investigation of glucose incorporation into macromolecules and polyribosome content in the mutants after a shift to the restrictive temperature. A study of these parameters in the parent strain (ts(+)) in the presence of certain well-characterized inhibitors allowed a tentative identification of the biochemical defects in each of the four classes. The properties of the mutants in class IA were consistent with the hypothesis that they result from a defect in the initiation of polypeptide chains or in ribonucleic acid synthesis; mutants in class IB from a defect in the elongation of polypeptide chains; mutants in class IIA from a defect in energy metabolism; and mutants in class IIB from a lesion affecting membrane function.
Validation studies with Muta™ mouse: A transgenic mouse model for detecting mutations in vivo (1991)

MutaMouse is a transgenic mouse engineered to detect mutations in vivo in any tissue of choice by using simple laboratory methods. The target is a bacterial lacZ gene incorporated via lambda phage into the genome of each mouse cell such that a concatamer of approximately 40 copies exists at a single site on both chromosomes of a homologous pair. In order to assess the potential usefulness of MutaMouse in detecting in vivo mutagenesis, several known mutagens/carcinogens were applied to male animals of 8-10 weeks in age. Intraperitoneal injections (single or 5 daily doses) of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), chlorambucil, procarbazine, cyclophosphamide, and acrylamide were investigated for mutagenic effects in bone marrow, liver, and testes. In addition, skin painting studies (single application) were performed with dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and acetic acid. Increases in mutant frequency were clearly induced by all eight chemicals, the magnitudes of which were dependent on the chemical, dose, method of dosing, tissue analyzed, and the time lapse between treatment and isolation of DNA. Data on variability in mutant frequency was presented relative to the analyzed population of lacZ genes and number of animals per treatment group. Application of the MutaMouse model to the detection of heritable mutations was discussed.
Exploring Shared Subspace and Joint Sparsity for Canonical Correlation Analysis (2014)

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been extensively employed in various real-world applications of multi-label annotation. However, two major challenges are raised by the classical CCA. First, CCA frequently fails to remove noisy and irrelevant features. Second, CCA cannot effectively capture correlations between multiple labels, which are especially beneficial for multi-label learning. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that integrates joint sparsity and low-rank shared subspace into the least-squares formulation of CCA. Under this framework, multiple label interactions can be uncovered by the shared structure of the input features and a few highly discriminative features can be decided via structured sparsity inducing norm. Owing to the inclusion of the non-smooth row sparsity, a new efficient iterative algorithm is derived with proved convergence. The empirical studies on several popular web image and movie data collections consistently deliver the effectiveness of our new formulation in comparison with competing algorithms.
Experimental apexigenesis in baboons (1997)

Apexification with calcium hydroxide is a routine procedure. However, some clinical reports suggest that root completion can occur by controlling the infection without use of a catalyst. The present study investigated the use of tetracycline treatment (in root canals) on root growth in immature teeth, rendered non-vital experimentally. Incisors in 3 young baboons were exposed and canals were left open. After 2 months all canals were cleaned and treated with either tetracycline or formocresol. Some canals in each group were filed. Animals were sacrificed after 6 months. Bacterial evaluations were done before placing medications, one week later and six months after that. The number of bacteria were reduced in all treatment groups. Root growth almost near completion was observed in more teeth treated with tetracycline than in the formocresol group.
Filamentous nerve cell inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases: tauopathies and alpha-synucleinopathies (1999)

Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases. They are characterized by the degeneration of selected populations of nerve cells that develop filamentous inclusions before degeneration. The neuronal inclusions of Alzheimer's disease are made of the microtubule-associated protein tau, in a hyperphosphorylated state. Recent work has shown that the filamentous inclusions of Parkinson's disease are made of the protein alpha-synuclein and that rare, familial forms of Parkinson's disease are caused by missense mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene. Besides Parkinson's disease, the filamentous inclusions of two additional neurodegenerative diseases, namely dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, have also been found to be made of alpha-synuclein. Abundant filamentous tau inclusions are not limited to Alzheimer's disease. They are the defining neuropathological characteristic of frontotemporal dementias such as Pick's disease, and of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. The recent discovery of mutations in the tau gene in familial forms of frontotemporal dementia has provided a direct link between tau dysfunction and dementing disease. The new work has established that tauopathies and alpha-synucleinopathies account for most late-onset neurodegenerative diseases in man. The formation of intracellular filamentous inclusions might be the gain of toxic function that leads to the demise of affected brain cells.
Synthesis of 3-pyrrol-3′-yloxindoles with a carbamate function (2011)

By the reaction of methyl {4(3)-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)acetyl]phenyl} carbamates with ethyl 3-aminocrotonate at boiling in the mixture toluene-anhydrous ethanol, 2: 1, ethyl 5-{3(4)-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl}-2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates were obtained. The condensation of methyl {3(4)-[2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene)acetyl] phenyl}carbamates with ethyl acetoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate and 20 mol% of 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium chloride or 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at boiling in anhydrous ethanol led to the formation of the corresponding 3-pyrrol-3′-yloxindoles with a carbamate function.
Preliminary Evidence for ‘Aberrant’ Expression of the Leukocyte Integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) on Conjunctival Epithelial Cells of Patients with Mite Allergy (2001)

Coexpression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 during persistent allergen stimulation may be relevant for interaction between epithelial cells and activated effector cells, such as eosinophils, which bear on their surface both ICAM-1 and its beta2 integrin ligands.
Identification of a Novel DNA Binding Site and a Transcriptional Target for Activating Transcription Factor 5 in C6 Glioma and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Recent reports indicate that the activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is required for the survival of cancer cells but not for noncancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which ATF5 regulates genes and promotes cell survival are not clear. Using a cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing) approach, we identified a novel ATF5 consensus DNA binding sequence. We show in C6 glioma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells that ATF5 occupies this sequence and that ATF5 activates reporter gene expression driven by this site. Conversely, reporter activity is diminished when ATF5 activity is blocked or when ATF5 expression is down-regulated by serum withdrawal. We further show that early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1), whose promoter contains two adjacent ATF5 consensus binding sites at a conserved promoter position in rat, mouse, and human, is targeted and regulated by ATF5 in C6 and MCF-7 cells. These data provide new insight on the mechanisms by which ATF5 promotes gene regulation and cancer-specific cell survival.
Encapsidation of heterologous RNAs by bacteriophage MS2 coat protein (1993)

The RNA bacteriophages of E. coli specifically encapsidate a single copy of the viral genome in a protein shell composed mainly of 180 molecules of coat protein. Coat protein is also a translational repressor and shuts off viral replicase synthesis by interaction with a RNA stem-loop containing the replicase initiation codon. We wondered whether the translational operator also serves as the viral pac site, the signal which mediates the exclusive encapsidation of viral RNA by its interaction with coat protein. To test this idea we measured the ability of lacZ RNA fused to the translational operator to be incorporated into virus-like particles formed from coat protein expressed from a plasmid. The results indicate that the operator-lacZ RNA is indeed encapsidated and that nucleotide substitutions in the translational operator which reduce the tightness of the coat protein-operator interaction also reduce or abolish encapsidation of the hybrid RNA. When coat protein is expressed in excess compared to the operator-lacZ RNA, host RNAs are packaged as well. However, elevation of the level of operator-lacZ RNA relative to coat protein results in its selective encapsidation at the expense of cellular RNAs. Our results are consistent with the proposition that this single protein-RNA interaction accounts both for translational repression and viral genome encapsidation.
Spin labeled amino acid nitrosourea derivatives--synthesis and antitumour activity. (1995)

The synthesis of three spin labeled derivatives of N-[N'-(chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl] amino acids is reported. The new nitrosoureas are obtained by condensation of the corresponding N-[N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl] amino acid with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-aminopiperidine using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Their chemical structures are confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and EPR spectroscopy. All newly synthesized compounds showed high antitumour activity against the lymphoid leukemia L1210 in BDF1 mice.
Conductance of a biomolecular wire (2006)

Carotenoids (Car) act as "wires" that discharge unwanted electrons in the reaction center of higher plants. One step in this "side-path" electron conduction is thought to be mediated by Car oxidation. We have carried out direct measurements of the conductance of single-Car molecules under potential control in a membrane-mimicking environment, and we found that when Car are oxidized conductance is enhanced and the electronic decay constant (beta) is decreased. However, the neutral molecule may already be conductive enough to account for observed electron transfer rates.
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibits granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a human factor-dependent hematopoietic cell line. (1991)

The human myeloid cell line MO7 requires either granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin 3 (IL-3) for proliferation. We have previously shown that both GM-CSF and IL-3 transiently induce tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins, including two cytosolic proteins, p93 and p70, which are maximally phosphorylated 5-15 min after addition of growth factor to factor-deprived cells. GM-CSF-induced proliferation of MO7 cells was found to be inhibited by two activators of protein kinase C, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and bryostatin-1. PMA did not affect surface expression or affinity of the GM-CSF receptor but significantly inhibited GM-CSF- or IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p93 and p70. In contrast, PMA augmented GM-CSF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of another protein, p42. Pretreatment of cells with sodium orthovanadate to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase) partially reversed the inhibitory effects of PMA. These results suggest that one aspect of GM-CSF and IL-3 signal transduction, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, can be inhibited by a mechanism which does not involve receptor down-regulation, and may involve either receptor down-regulation, and may involve either inhibition of a receptor-activated tyrosine kinase, activation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase, or both. This mechanism could be important in exerting control of proliferation of some types of hematopoietic cells.
Connectionist Approach to Non-linear Internal Model Control Using Gaussian Approximation (1991)

In this work we focus on the use of adaptive connectionist networks for identification and control of non-linear dynamic systems. The ability of connectionist models to represent arbitrary non-linear relations is by now well established [1]. This has lead to the investigation of non-linear dynamic systems modelling using connectionist representations [2]. Of particular importance in the control context is the modelling of inverse dynamical relationships. A feature of our approach is the use of radial basis functions, and the Gaussian function in particular, as the non-linear function in the network hidden units [3]. There is recent theoretical support for the `best representation' property of such networks [1]. This approach stands in contrast to the widespread use of sigmoidal non-linearities. Gaussian networks were recently studied in the context of dynamical systems identification by Chen et al [4]; this type of network has also been studied in the related problem of time series prediction [5]. Finally, we propose the use of connectionist models of plants and their inverses as elements in an Internal Model Control feedback structure.
Early formation of mature amyloid‐β protein deposits in a mutant APP transgenic model depends on levels of Aβ1–42 (2001)

The main objective of the present study was to develop an alternative singly-transgenic (tg) hAPP model where amyloid deposition will occur at an earlier age. For this purpose, we generated lines of tg mice expressing hAPP751 cDNA containing the London (V717I) and Swedish (K670M/N671L) mutations under the regulatory control of the murine (m)Thy-1 gene (mThy1-hAPP751). In the brains of the highest (line 41) and intermediate (lines 16 and 11) expressers, high levels of hAPP expression were found in neurons in layers 4-5 of the neocortex, hippocampal CA1 and olfactory bulb. As early as 3-4 months of age, line 41 mice developed mature plaques in the frontal cortex, whereas at 5-7 months plaque formation extended to the hippocampus, thalamus and olfactory region. Ultrastructural and double-immunolabeling analysis confirmed that most plaques were mature and contained dystrophic neurites immunoreactive with antibodies against APP, synaptophysin, neurofilament and tau. In addition, a decrease in the number of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminals was most prominent in the frontal cortex of mice from line 41. Mice from line 11 developed diffuse amyloid deposits at 11 months of age, whereas mice from line 16 did not show evidence of amyloid deposition. Analysis of Abeta by ELISA showed that levels of Abeta(1-40) were higher in mice that did not show any amyloid deposits (line 16), whereas Abeta(1-42) was the predominant species in tg animals from the lines showing plaque formation (lines 41 and 11). Taken together this study indicates that early onset plaque formation depends on levels of Abeta(1-42).