gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On protein solubility in organic solvent (1994)

Solubility of a model protein, hen egg-white lysozyme, was investigated in a wide range of neat nonaqueous solvents and binary mixtures thereof. All solvents that are protic, very hydrophilic, and polar readily dissolve more than 10 mg/mL of lysozyme (lyophilized from aqueous solution of pH 6.0). Only a marginal correlation was found between the lysozyme solubility in a non-aqueous solvent and the letter's dielectric constant or Hildebrand solubility parameter, and no correlation was observed with the dipole moment. Lysozyme dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) could be precipitated by adding protein nondissolving co-solvents, although the enzyme had a tendency to form supersaturated solutions in such mixtures. The solubility of lysozyme, both in an individual solvent (1,5-pentanediol) and in binary solvent mixtures (DMSO/acetonitrile), markedly increased when the pH of the enzyme aqueous solution prior to lyophilization was moved away from the proteins's isoelectric point.
Ternary Full Adder Using Multi-Threshold Voltage Graphene Barristors (2018)

Ternary logic circuit has been studied for several decades because it can provide simpler circuits and subsequently lower power consumption via succinct interconnects. We demonstrated a ternary full adder exhibiting a low power-delay-product of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16</sup> J, which is comparable to the binary equivalent circuit. The ternary full adder was modeled using device parameters extracted from the experimentally demonstrated multi-Vth ternary graphene barristors.
Realistic simulations of CDMA mobile radio systems using joint detection and coherent receiver antenna diversity (2002)

Due to time variant multipath propagation, both intersymbol interference and multiple access interference occur at CDMA receivers. These degrading effects can be combatted by joint detection (JD) techniques. In order to reduce the performance impairments resulting from time variance, coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) can be used. A system model of CDMA mobile radio systems using various JD techniques in combination with CRAD is introduced. This system model is an evolution of the pan-European GSM and takes important real world aspects such as imperfect channel estimation, nonlinear amplification and D/A and A/D conversion into account. The viability of JD with CRAD is demonstrated by bit error rate simulations of this system model. It is shown that by using JD with two receiver antennas in bad urban areas, E/sub bN/sub 0/<8 dB per antenna is sufficient for a bit error rate of 10/sup -2/, and E/sub bN/sub 0/<11 dB per antenna is required for a bit error rate of 10/sup -3/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclophosphamide-induced tumour regression of cyclophosphamide-resistant L5178Y lymphoma through suppressor cells elimination. (1994)

The series of experiments here described show that injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) into mice bearing the L5178Y lymphoma caused partial or complete regression of this tumour. This effect was dependent on both the size of lymphoma and on the dose of drug administered. Cy-induced tumour regression was observed in mice in which L5178Y lymphoma had been implanted at least 10 days previously, and the dose required to cause neoplasm regression was found to be 100 mg/kg i.v., lower doses having no therapeutic effect. A key additional finding was that this same dose administered to lethally irradiated mice, or to T-cell-deficient mice bearing a 14-days neoplasm, failed to cause the L5178Y lymphoma regression. It was also demonstrated that this Cy-induced permanent or complete regression of L5178Y tumour is mediated by releasing memory antineoplasm effector cells from the inhibitory influence of suppressor Ly 1+ T cells. Tumour regression induced by Cy administration may be associated with elimination of Ly 1+ suppressor T lymphocytes, since the therapeutic effect of Cy was reversed by passive transfer of Ly 1+ T cells obtained from donor mice bearing a 14-days L5178Y lymphoma; thus, these results suggest that the therapeutic effect of Cy in this model is through its capability to preferentially eliminate Ly 1+ suppressor T lymphocytes, thereby permitting memory antitumour immune cells to generate a strong secondary immune response against this immunogenic lymphoma.
The preservative‐exchange method using a sextuple‐bag system for a 10‐week storage period of red blood cells (1991)

Prolonged storage of red blood cells in a liquid state was achieved by replacing the preservative using a sextuple-bag system. The bag system consists of one primary bag containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) solution, three satellite bags containing saline-adenine-glucose-phosphate-maltose (SAGP-maltose) solution, and two empty satellite bags to remove plasma and buffy coat. Preservative can be exchanged three times in this closed system. The system is able to supply nutrients, such as glucose, and to remove harmful metabolites, such as lactic acid, by exchanging the preservative during storage. As a result, red cells stored by this method showed much higher levels of total adenylate and morphological score after the second preservative exchange, when compared with red cells stored by the conventional method (P < 0.01). Judging from these two in-vitro parameters, red cells may tolerate storage for at least 10 weeks in a liquid state. This method might be useful for 'predeposit autologous transfusion', as it is more convenient and more cost effective than the freeze-preservation method.
Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery (2005)

At present, there is considerable excitement within the nanotechnology field with regard to the potential use of nanosystems as carriers for mucosal vaccine delivery. Indeed, many of the vaccines available, including protein antigens and DNA vaccines, are very unstable and need to be protected from degradation in the biologic environment. In addition, their efficacy is limited by their poor capacity to cross biologic barriers and reach the target sites. As a consequence, the design of appropriate antigen carriers that could help overcome these problems has become a significant challenge. The goal of the present article is to review the recent advances in the design of polymeric nanosystems intended to be used as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. More specifically, the authors present nanocarriers that have been made of safe materials, such as biodegradable polyesters and polysaccharides. The information accumulated regarding the in vivo behavior of these nanocarriers indicates that they are able to facilitate the transport of the associated antigen across the nasal epithelium, thus leading to efficient antigen presentation to the immune system. Furthermore, the results suggest that not only the size and surface properties but also the polymer composition and the structural architecture of the nanosystems are critical for the optimization of these antigen carriers. In conclusion, future studies intended to provide increased knowledge regarding these properties and how they relate to the efficiency of the immune responses, will undoubtedly affect the design of new and more effective nasal vaccine delivery strategies.
Prostate Specific Antigen for Assessing Response to Ketoconazole and Prednisone in Patients with Hormone Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer (1990)

Serial prostate specific antigen levels were assessed in 15 patients with hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer treated with ketoconazole and prednisone. Of the men 12 (80%) with continually increasing prostate specific antigen levels before treatment had a decrease in prostate specific antigen with a median duration of response of 3 months. Three patients (20%) had a prolonged response (greater than or equal to 8 months) as seen by a persistently decreasing prostate specific antigen and improvement in bone pain. There appears to be a small subgroup of patients with progressive prostate cancer despite androgen ablation who will benefit from ketoconazole and glucocorticoid treatment. The use of serial prostate specific antigen levels appears to help define this subgroup and avoid the need for multiple radiological procedures to assess response.
The N-Terminal Amino-Acid Sequences of DNA Polymerase I from Escherichia coli and of the Large and the Small Fragments Obtained by a Limited Proteolysis (1974)

The two fragments obtained by proteolytic cleavage of DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli have been isolated by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The amino-acid composition and the N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the native enzyme and of the two fragments have been determined. The sequences for the native enzyme and the small fragment were identical while the large fragment had a different N-terminal sequence. This shows unambiguously that the small fragment is placed in the N-terminal end of the native enzyme.
Adaptive wave-front correction by means of all-optical feedback interferometry (2000)

A novel adaptive wave-front correction system based on an all-optical feedback interferometer is described. In this system the two-dimensional output fringe intensity from a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with large radial shear is optically fed back to an optically addressed phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. Consequently, without a separate aberration-free reference wave, the modulator phase approximates the conjugate of the interferometer phase that is directly related to the phase of the input aberrated wave front, so this system is applicable in adaptive optics. We successfully achieved real-time correction of aberrated wave fronts: A diffraction pattern that was seriously distorted because of aberrations was transformed into a diffraction-limited spot immediately after the feedback loop was closed.
Scalability of the microsoft cluster service (1998)

An important argument for the introduction of software managed clusters is that of scale: By constructing the cluster out of commodity compute elements, one can, by simply adding new elements, improve the reliability of the overall system in terms of performance and in availability. The limits to how far such a cluster can be scaled seems to be dependent on the scalability of its management software, which in its core has a collection of distributed algorithms to guarantee the correct operation of the cluster. The complexity of these algorithms makes them a vulnerable component of the system in terms of their impact on the overall scalability of the system. This paper examines two of the distributed components of the Microsoft Cluster Service [8] that are most likely to have an impact on its scalability: the membership and the global update managers. The first sections of the paper will provide some general background on these distributed services and scalability issues. After that the algorithms used to implement these service are described in detail and an analysis of their impact on scalability is given. The scalability analysis is based on an off-line analysis of the algorithms as well as the results of on-line experiments on a cluster with a, in MSCS terms, large number of nodes. 1 Distributed Management In distributed management software two components are considered basic building blocks: a consistent view about which nodes are on-line, and the ability to communicate with these nodes in an all-or-nothing fashion [2]. The first building block is captured in a membership service: all nodes participate in a consensus algorithm to agree on the current set of nodes that are up and running. The system makes use of a failure detection mechanism that monitors heartbeat signals or actively polls other nodes in the system. The failure detector will signal the membership service whenever it suspects the failure of a node in the system. The membership service will react to this by triggering the execution of a distributed algorithm at all the nodes in the system, in
Life Span and Thymic Lymphoma Incidence in High- and Low-Dose-Rate Irradiated AKR/J Mice and Commonly Expressed Genes (2010)

To evaluate the effect of low-dose-rate radiation on cancer incidence, we housed AKR/J mice in a long-term low-dose-rate irradiation facility ((137)Cs, 0.07 cGy/h). We compared the thymic lymphoma incidence and life span with those of mice irradiated at a high dose rate ((137)Cs, 0.8 Gy/min, total dose of 4.5 Gy) and nonirradiated mice. The average life span of the low-dose-rate irradiated mice (243 days) was longer than those of the high-dose-rate irradiated mice (208 days) and nonirradiated mice (230 days) (P = 0.02). The incidence of thymic lymphoma in low-dose-rate irradiated mice was lower than that in nonirradiated mice and high-dose-rate irradiated mice by 10 and 20%, respectively (P < 0.01). Normal-sized thymuses were collected 130 days after irradiation, and whole genome microarray analysis was performed. A total of 17,625 genes were assessed. Up- and down-regulated genes in low-dose-rate irradiated mice were 1.7 and 9 times less frequent than in high-dose-rate irradiated mice. We profiled expressed genes associated with carcinogenesis pathways (DNA repair, DNA damage signaling pathway, cell cycle, cancer pathway finder, p53 signaling pathway, apoptosis and T-cell and B-cell activation). Apoptosis- (Cd5l, Fcgr3 and Pycard) and immune- (Pycard, Lilrb3, Igh-6, Fcgr2b and MGC60843) related genes were commonly activated in both high- and low-dose-rate irradiated mice. The results suggest that carcinogenic cells have been removed by activated apoptosis and immune mechanisms, contributing to decreased thymic lymphoma and elongated life span. Functional studies for expressed genes associated with thymic lymphoma incidence in low-dose-rate exposed mice are currently under way.
T helper 1 cells stimulated with ovalbumin and IL-18 induce airway hyperresponsiveness and lung fibrosis by IFN-γ and IL-13 production (2007)

We previously reported that ovalbumin (OVA) and IL-18 nasally administered act on memory type T helper (Th)1 cells to induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation, which is characterized by peribronchial infiltration with neutrophils and eosinophils. Here, we report this administration also induces lung fibrosis in an IL-13-dependent manner. Th1 cells secrete several cytokines, including IFN-gamma and bronchogenic cytokine IL-13, when stimulated with antigen (Ag) and IL-18. However, IL-13 blockade failed to attenuate AHR, although this treatment inhibited eosinophilic infiltration. To understand the mechanism by which Th1 cells induce AHR after Ag plus IL-18 challenge, we established "passive" and "active" Th1 mice by transferring OVA-specific Th1 cells into naïve BALB/c mice or by immunizing naïve BALB/c mice with OVA/complete Freund's adjuvant, respectively. Administration of Ag and IL-18 induced both types of Th1 mice to develop AHR, airway inflammation, and lung fibrosis. Furthermore, this treatment induced deposition of periostin, a novel component of lung fibrosis. Neutralization of IL-13 or IFN-gamma during Ag plus IL-18 challenges inhibited the combination of eosinophilic infiltration, lung fibrosis, and periostin deposition or the combination of neutrophilic infiltration and AHR, respectively. We also found that coadministration of OVA and LPS into Th1 mice induced AHR and airway inflammation via endogenous IL-18. Thus, IL-18 becomes a key target molecule for the development of a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of Th1-cell-induced bronchial asthma.
Effect of perorally administered lactobacilli on macrophage activation in mice (1986)

The effect of perorally (p.o) administered Lactobacillus casei and L. bulgaricus on macrophage activation in mice was studied. L. casei and L. bulgaricus were administered p.o. to mice for 8 days. The macrophage activation was measured on days 2, 3, 5, and 8 of lactobacillus administration by using biochemical and functional criteria. We measured the release of lysosomal hydrolases, the level of a nonlysosomal enzyme, and in vitro phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. All the assays were performed comparatively with mice inoculated with L. casei and L. bulgaricus (viable and nonviable cells) intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the same dose as for p.o. administration. The phagocytic activity was significantly higher in mice treated i.p. than in control mice. For p.o. administration, there was an increase only when L. casei was used. L. bulgaricus had little effect. No differences were found between viable and nonviable cells. The phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system was tested by the carbon clearance test, which showed that L. casei and L. bulgaricus accelerate the phagocytic function in mice treated p.o and i.p., from day 2 onward. These observations show that L. casei and L. bulgaricus given by p.o. administration are able to activate macrophages in mice and suggest that these bacteria, when passing through the intestinal tract, may be responsible for the enhanced host immune response. This fact is very significant because the diet includes fermented and manufactured products containing lactobacilli.
A Critical Role for Pin2/TRF1 in ATM-dependent Regulation (2002)

Cells derived from patients with the human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) display many abnormalities, including telomere shortening, premature senescence, and defects in the activation of S phase and G(2)/M checkpoints in response to double-strand DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation. We have previously demonstrated that one of the ATM substrates is Pin2/TRF1, a telomeric protein that binds the potent telomerase inhibitor PinX1, negatively regulates telomere elongation, and specifically affects mitotic progression. Following DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates Pin2/TRF1 and suppresses its ability to induce abortive mitosis and apoptosis (Kishi, S., Zhou, X. Z., Nakamura, N., Ziv, Y., Khoo, C., Hill, D. E., Shiloh, Y., and Lu, K. P. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 29282-29291). However, the functional importance of Pin2/TRF1 in mediating ATM-dependent regulation remains to be established. To address this question, we directly inhibited the function of endogenous Pin2/TRF1 in A-T cells by stable expression of two different dominant-negative Pin2/TRF1 mutants and then examined their effects on telomere length and DNA damage response. Both the Pin2/TRF1 mutants increased telomere length in A-T cells, as shown in other cells. Surprisingly, both the Pin2/TRF1 mutants reduced radiosensitivity and complemented the G(2)/M checkpoint defect without inhibiting Cdc2 activity in A-T cells. In contrast, neither of the Pin2/TRF1 mutants corrected the S phase checkpoint defect in the same cells. These results indicate that inhibition of Pin2/TRF1 in A-T cells is able to bypass the requirement for ATM in specifically restoring telomere shortening, the G(2)/M checkpoint defect, and radiosensitivity and demonstrate a critical role for Pin2/TRF1 in the ATM-dependent regulation of telomeres and DNA damage response.
5G small cell optimized radio design (2013)

The 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation (5G) of mobile radio access technologies is expected to become available for commercial launch around 2020. In this paper, we present our envisioned 5G system design optimized for small cell deployment taking a clean slate approach, i.e. removing most compatibility constraints with the previous generations of mobile radio access technologies. This paper mainly covers the physical layer aspects of the 5G concept design.
3D-GRAPHICS RENDERING ON A MULTI- PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE. (2003)

accept any responsibility regarding the contents of Masters Theses Real-time 3D-graphics rendering is a highly computationally intensive task, with a high memory bandwidth requirement. A multiprocessor architecture called SpaceCAKE, developed at Philips Research in the Processor Oriented Architectures department, is used as a high performance mul-timedia platform to run a software implementation of the 3D-graphics standard OpenGL. The Wasabi chip is the instance of the SpaceCAKE architecture that is currently under development and serves as a target architecture for this project. To achieve an optimal gain for this multipro-cessor architecture parallelism in OpenGL needs to be found and exploited. Two adapted versions of Mesa- a free software implementation of OpenGL- have been imple-mented and ported to the SpaceCAKE architecture. Both versions exploit data partitioning to achieve parallelism. The first implementation, called Sort-Middle, divides the 2D output in rect-angular segments and assigns individual segments to each processing unit of the multiprocessing platform. The second implementation, called Sort-Last, distributes groups of polygons amongst processing units.
Adult-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency: Relation of Postprandial Dyslipidemia to Premature Atherosclerosis (2003)

A complex relationship exists between disease of the cardiovascular system and a spectrum of neural and humoral factors. Recently, the modulating role of hormones, such as thyroid hormone (1–4), in the atherosclerotic process has been emphasized. However, several other hormones in addition to thyroid hormone may contribute to atherogenesis, thereby constituting a key element in the concept of cardiovascular endocrinology (5). Recently, evidence has been provided to suggest that disturbances of the pituitary GH axis and its mitogenic partners, including IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP), are critical actors in the initiation of the atherosclerotic process (6–8). Indeed, disturbances in the GH axis/IGF system appear to be intimately related to the perturbed postprandial lipoprotein metabolism that is typical of subjects presenting premature atherosclerosis (9, 10). Furthermore, a high baseline plasma GH concentration is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (11, 12). These observations suggest a U-shaped relationship between disturbances in the GH axis/IGF system and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the present review we explore the key pathways of lipid metabolism in adult-onset GH deficiency (AGHD) that may be involved in the initiation of atherosclerosis and that result in elevated cardiovascular risk.
TERATOGENIC COMPOUNDS OF VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM (DURAND): II. PRODUCTION OF OVINE FETAL CYCLOPIA BY FRACTIONS AND ALKALOID PREPARATIONS (1966)

Certain fractions as well as glycosidic and parent alkamine alkaloid preparations derived from the plant Veratrum califomicum were shown to produce ovine fetal cyclopia. Other Veratrum preparations were also tested for teratogenicity. A mechanism for the teratogenic effect is postulated.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Pyrrolizine Derivatives as Dual Cyclooxygenase‐1 and 5‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors (1997)

The aim of our study was to investigate structure activity relationship following the replacement of the 6-phenyl substituent at the 6,7-diaryl-2,3-dihydropyrrolizine template by various heteroaromatic residues. In this context we developed a new, efficient, and highly sensitive test method for the screening of dual cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. We used human platelets as a source of COX-1 and human PMNLs as a source of 5-LOX. Both cell types were isolated from the same volume of blood. PGE2 and LTB4 respectively were determined by highly selective and sensitive ELISA kits, using monoclonal antibodies. For a single determination at most 0.5 mL whole blood is needed.