gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-individual variability of the metabolic effect of inhaled insulin together with an absorption enhancer. (2000)

This feasibility study shows that inhaled insulin with an absorption enhancer has a pronounced metabolic effect compared with the results of a previous study of inhaled insulin without an enhancer. The intraindividual variability of the metabolic effect was comparable with that of inhaled and subcutaneously injected insulin.
Stereochemistry of Biopterin Cofactor and Facile Methods for the Determination of the Stereochemistry of a Biologically Active 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropterin123 (1985)

The structure of (-)-tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan hydroxylases, was determined as (6R, 1'R, 2'S)-6-(1',2'-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The CD spectra of (-)-tetrahydrobiopterin exhibits a negative Cotton effect at 290-240 nm in pH 3.2 solution. The relationship of the negative Cotton effect and the 6R configuration was supported by the application of CD analysis with 2-methyltetrahydronaphthalene as a model compound. The stereochemistries at the C(6) position of various biologically active 6-substituted tetrahydropterins were determined from the CD spectra. The relative configuration of two asymmetric centers, C(6), and C(1'), was determined by HPLC analysis on a strong cation exchange column.
Antibodies to plant-producedPlasmodium falciparumsexual stage protein Pfs25 exhibit transmission blocking activity (2011)

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal mosquito-borne disease caused by a protozoan parasite. Each year, it is estimated that over one million people are killed by malaria, yet the disease is preventable and treatable. Developing vaccines against the parasite is a critical component in the fight against malaria and these vaccines can target different stages of the pathogen's life cycle. We are targeting sexual stage proteins of P. falciparum which are found on the surface of the parasite reproductive cells present in the mosquito gut. Antibodies against these proteins block the progression of the parasite's life cycle in the mosquito, and thus block transmission to the next human host. Transmission blocking vaccines are essential to the malaria eradication program to ease the disease burden at the population level. We have successfully produced multiple versions of the Pfs25 antigen in a plant virus-based transient expression system and have evaluated these vaccine candidates in an animal model. The targets are expressed in plants at a high level, are soluble and most importantly, generate strong transmission blocking activity as determined by a standard membrane feeding assay. These data demonstrate the feasibility of expressing Plasmodium antigens in a plant-based system for the economic production of a transmission blocking vaccine against malaria.
Graphene on metals: A van der Waals density functional study (2010)

We use density functional theory (DFT) with a recently developed van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) to study the adsorption of graphene on Co, Ni, Pd, Ag, Au, Cu, Pt, and Al(111) surfaces. In contrast to the local-density approximation (LDA) which predicts relatively strong binding for Ni,Co, and Pd, the vdW-DF predicts weak binding for all metals and metal-graphene distances in the range $3.40--3.72\text{ }\text{\AA{}}$. At these distances the graphene band structure as calculated with DFT and the many-body ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ method is basically unaffected by the substrate, in particular there is no opening of a band gap at the $K$ point.
Characterization of the human 5-lipoxygenase gene promoter. (1990)

Nucleotide sequences that direct transcription of the human 5-lipoxygenase gene have been examined by ligation to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and determination of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in transfected HeLa and HL-60 cells. Various lengths of 5'-flanking sequences up to 5.9 kilobase pairs 5' of the transcriptional initiation sites were tested. Two positive and two negative apparent regulatory regions were seen. Part of the promoter sequence (-179 to -56 from ATG), which includes five repeated GC boxes (the putative Sp1 binding sequence) was essential for transcription in both HeLa and HL-60 cells. Gel-shift assays (using the DNA fragment -212 to -88) revealed that the transcriptional factor Sp1 could bind to this region of the 5-lipoxygenase promoter. Furthermore, HL-60 nuclear extracts contained specific nuclear factor(s) binding to 5-lipoxygenase promoter DNA, which could not be detected in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.
The impact of gate dielectric materials on the light-induced bias instability in Hf–In–Zn–O thin film transistor (2010)

This study examined the effect of gate dielectric materials on the light-induced bias instability of Hf–In–Zn–O (HIZO) transistor. The HfOx and SiNx gated devices suffered from a huge negative threshold voltage (Vth) shift (&amp;gt;11 V) during the application of negative-bias-thermal illumination stress for 3 h. In contrast, the HIZO transistor exhibited much better stability (&amp;lt;2.0 V) in terms of Vth movement under identical stress conditions. Based on the experimental results, we propose a plausible degradation model for the trapping of the photocreated hole carrier either at the channel/gate dielectric or dielectric bulk layer.
Adsorbents as antiendotoxin agents in experimental colitis. (1993)

The intestinal mucosa protects the body from a large reservoir of intraluminal pathogenic bacteria and endotoxins. This mucosal barrier is disrupted by the inflammation and ulceration of inflammatory bowel disease and may permit the absorption of toxic bacterial products. Systemic endotoxaemia has been demonstrated in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and correlates with the extent and activity of disease. In this study the efficacy of absorbents as antiendotoxin agents in a hapten induced rat model of colitis is investigated. Induction of colitis was associated with systemic endotoxaemia. Enteral administration of terra fullonica and kaolin, but not of charcoal, significantly reduced systemic endotoxaemia (terra fullonica 4.2 (1.40) pg/ml; kaolin 5.29 (1.86) pg/ml; charcoal 32.7 (16.6) pg/ml; water 39.8 (12.6) pg/ml). Data expressed as mean (SE). With increasing severity of colitis, there was a decreasing ability of adsorbent therapy (terra fullonica) to control systemic endotoxaemia. Enteral administration of adsorbents controls gut derived systemic endotoxaemia in experimental colitis in animals and may be a useful antiendotoxin treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
<title>Putting the pieces together: contribution of fluorescence polarization assays to small-molecule lead optimization</title> (2000)

Fluorescence polarization assays with both purified receptor and intact cells have been developed to assess potency and selectivity of antagonists of the interaction of the lymphocyte receptor, LFA-1, and its endothelial ligand, ICAM-1. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated small molecule probes were optimized for use in binding assay with LFA-1 and a closely related receptor, MAC-1. In the assays, the antagonists compete with the fluorescent probe for binding to the receptor. This enables the determination of IC<SUB>50</SUB> and consequently K<SUB>i</SUB> values of the antagonists for each of the receptors. Routine use of polarization assay with tranfected cells, in addition to purified receptors, has become feasible with the availability of sensitive plate readers that are able to detect 1 nM fluorescent probe in 15 (mu) l sample volumes with good signal to noise. These measurements aid in the iterative synthesis of more potent and selective compounds.
Millimeter wave multi-beam antenna combining for 5G cellular link improvement in New York City (2014)

The performance of multi-beam antenna equal gain combining for improving signal quality in future millimeter-wave cellular systems is evaluated in this article. Employing experimental data obtained from 28 GHz and 73 GHz propagation measurements in the dense urban environment of New York City, we present the impact of coherent bi-beam, tri-beam and quad-beam combining on path loss and shadow factors. The results reveal that a maximum of 24.9 dB improvement in path loss at 28 GHz and 34.8 dB at 73 GHz for 100 m T-R (transmitter-receiver) separation distances can be achieved via combining the strongest four received signals from distinct beams, when compared to the case of signals at the receiver with randomly pointed beams. Comparable path loss values are achieved at both 28 and 73 GHz bands. This paper demonstrates the potential of utilizing spatial filtering and beam combining to significantly improve received signal levels and link margins at millimeter-wave frequencies.
A Phase II Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Three Dosages of an Immunomodulator (PGG-Glucan) in High-Risk Surgical Patients (1994)

PGG-glucan was generally safe and well tolerated, may decrease postoperative infection rates, and warrants further investigation in a planned phase III trial.
Comparison of expressed human and mouse sodium/iodide symporters reveals differences in transport properties and subcellular localization (2008)

The active transport of iodide from the bloodstream into thyroid follicular cells is mediated by the Na+/I- symporter (NIS). We studied mouse NIS (mNIS) and found that it catalyzes iodide transport into transfected cells more efficiently than human NIS (hNIS). To further characterize this difference, we compared (125)I uptake in the transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. We found that the V(max) for mNIS was four times higher than that for hNIS, and that the iodide transport constant (K(m)) was 2.5-fold lower for hNIS than mNIS. We also performed immunocytolocalization studies and observed that the subcellular distribution of the two orthologs differed. While the mouse protein was predominantly found at the plasma membrane, its human ortholog was intracellular in approximately 40% of the expressing cells. Using cell surface protein-labeling assays, we found that the plasma membrane localization frequency of the mouse protein was only 2.5-fold higher than that of the human protein, and therefore cannot alone account for the difference in the obtained V(max) values. We reasoned that the observed difference could also be caused by a higher turnover number for iodide transport in the mouse protein. We then expressed and analyzed chimeric proteins. The data obtained with these constructs suggest that the iodide recognition site could be located in the region extending from the N-terminus to transmembrane domain 8, and that the region between transmembrane domain 5 and the C-terminus could play a role in the subcellular localization of the protein.
Radioimmunotherapy with α-Particle Emitting Radioimmunoconjugates (1996)

Radionuclides which decay by the emission of alpha-particles are attractive for certain radioimmunotherapeutic applications. These include the treatment of lymphomas, compartmentally spread malignancies such as ovarian cancer and neoplastic meningitis, and micrometastatic disease. Two alpha-emitting radionuclides of interest for this purpose are 212Bi (60.6 min half life) and 211At (7.2 hr half life). Compared with the beta-emitters commonly used for radiotherapy, the alpha-particles of 212Bi and 211At are of higher energy, much shorter range (less than 100 microm), and considerably higher linear energy transfer. Preliminary results obtained in a variety of in vitro systems and in vivo models have documented the exquisite toxicity of alpha-particles and have established a basis for initiating radiotherapy trials in humans with monoclonal antibodies labeled with alpha-emitting radionuclides.
Phenotypic Checklist to Screen for Fragile X Syndrome in People With Mental Retardation (2000)

The development of a phenotypic checklist for identifying people with fragile X syndrome is described. The checklist was designed to identify people with developmental disabilities of unknown causes for molecular genetic testing for fragile X syndrome. The list consists of 28 items (7 on physical characteristics and 21 on behavioral features). Validation data were collected for 110 boys and men with fragile X syndrome and for 79 members of a control group, matched for CA, level of cognitive development, and social (mal)adaptation. On the basis of checklist results, those boys who are likely to be diagnosed as having fragile X syndrome can be identified. The screening list can be considered to be a consistent, reliable, and valid instrument.
Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the maternal-embryonic boundary during mouse embryo implantation (1996)

Gelatinase B, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) of high specific activity, is highly expressed and activated by mouse blastocysts in culture, and inhibition of this enzyme activity inhibits lysis of extracellular matrix (Behrendtsen, O., Alexander, C. M. and Werb, Z. (1992) Development 114, 447-456). Because gelatinase B expression is linked to invasive potential, we studied the expression of gelatinase B mRNA and protein in vivo, in implanting trophoblast giant cells, and found that it was expressed and activated during colonization of the maternal decidua. mRNAs for several other MMPs (stromelysin-1, stromelysin-3 and gelatinase A) and MMP inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were expressed in the undifferentiated stroma toward the outside of the decidua, and TIMP-3 mRNA was expressed in primary and some mature decidual cells during their differentiation. Both mRNA and TIMP-3 protein were present at high concentrations transiently, and declined from 6.5 days post coitum onward, as the cells underwent apoptosis during the main period of gelatinase B expression and ectoplacental growth and expansion. To assess the function of MMPs during implantation and decidual development, we either injected a peptide hydroxamate MMP inhibitor into normal mice or studied transgenic mice overexpressing TIMP-1. In both cases, decidual length and overall size were reduced, and the embryo was displaced mesometrially. Embryo orientation was less strictly regulated in inhibitor-treated deciduae than in control deciduae. Morphogenesis and development of oil-induced deciduomas were also slowed in the presence of the inhibitor. We conclude that administration of MMP inhibitors retards decidual remodeling and growth, and we suggest that the MMPs expressed in precursor stromal cells promote their differentiation and expansion.
Convective delivery of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor in the human putamen (2007)

Results of these computations indicated that for catheters placed exactly on the intended target, ideal drug distributions were similar for two of the trials (AmgenUT and Bristol) and different in terms of location and extent in the third study (Kentucky); yet the pattern of trial outcomes did not reflect these same groupings. This finding suggests that other factors are at play, widely varying statistical power and the possible effects of not excluding data from patients who experienced large drug losses across gray tissue boundaries due to variation in catheter placement.
Electrochemical attosyringe (2007)

The ability to manipulate ultrasmall volumes of liquids is essential in such diverse fields as cell biology, microfluidics, capillary chromatography, and nanolithography. In cell biology, it is often necessary to inject material of high molecular weight (e.g., DNA, proteins) into living cells because their membranes are impermeable to such molecules. All techniques currently used for microinjection are plagued by two common problems: the relatively large injector size and volume of injected fluid, and poor control of the amount of injected material. Here we demonstrate the possibility of electrochemical control of the fluid motion that allows one to sample and dispense attoliter-to-picoliter (10(-18) to 10(-12) liter) volumes of either aqueous or nonaqueous solutions. By changing the voltage applied across the liquid/liquid interface, one can produce a sufficient force to draw solution inside a nanopipette and then inject it into an immobilized biological cell. A high success rate was achieved in injections of fluorescent dyes into cultured human breast cells. The injection of femtoliter-range volumes can be monitored by video microscopy, and current/resistance-based approaches can be used to control injections from very small pipettes. Other potential applications of the electrochemical syringe include fluid dispensing in nanolithography and pumping in microfluidic systems.
Novel stationary-sample atomic force microscope with beam-tracking lens (1993)

An atomic force microscope with a stationary sample and a scanning cantilever using an optical lever method is demonstrated for the first time. The cantilever tip is translated to measure surface profiles while a simple lens attached to the cantilever holder guides a focused beam from a fixed collimated diode laser. The imaging capability is demonstrated up to 100 × 100 μm2.
Co-integration of β-lactoglobulin/human serum albumin hybrid genes with the entire β-lactoglobulin gene or the matrix attachment region element: Repression of human serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin expression in the mammary gland and dual regulation of the transgenes (1996)

The effect of co-integration of the entire beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene or matrix attachment region (MAR) sequences on the expression of various BLG/ human serum albumin (HSA) gene constructs was tested in transgenic mice. These former sequences were chosen because of their reported ability to insulate transgenes from the neighboring host genomic DNA sequences and/or to provide a more permissive transcriptional environment. When introduced alone, a cDNA-based BLG/HSA construct was expressed in 60% of transgenic strains and HSA was secreted at levels up to 0.3 mg/ml into the milk. Upon co-integration with either the entire BLG gene or MAR element, HSA RNA and protein expression were completely abrogated. While the co-integrated BLG gene suppressed the proportion of expresser strains carrying cDNA as well as genomic BLG/HSA constructs, the MAR element only exerted its negative effect on the cDNA-based BLG/HSA construct. In transgenics expressing both HSA and BLG, the tissue specificity and developmental patterns of BLG expression were altered and resembled the less stringent pattern of the BLG/HSA expression. These results demonstrate that rescue of transgene expression through co-integration with BLG or MAR sequences do not apply universally.
Validation of Three‐Dimensional Cardiac Image Integration: Use of Integrated CT Image into Electroanatomic Mapping System to Perform Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

CT image integration into an EAM system was successfully performed in patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF. With a greater appreciation of the complex and variable nature of the PV and LA anatomy this new technology may improve the efficacy and safety of the procedure.
Interaction and Cellular Localization of the Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 with Lung Epithelial Cells (2004)

LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide that is an essential component of innate immunity. In addition to its modest antimicrobial activity, LL-37 affects the gene expression and behavior of effector cells involved in the innate immune response, although its mode of interaction with eukaryotic cells remains unclear. The interaction of LL-37 with epithelial cells was characterized in tissue culture by using biotinylated LL-37 and confocal microscopy. It was demonstrated that LL-37 was actively taken up into A549 epithelial cells and eventually localized to the perinuclear region. Specific inhibitors were used to demonstrate that the uptake process was not mediated by actin but required elements normally involved in endocytosis and that trafficking to the perinuclear region was dependent on microtubules. By using nonlinear regression analysis, it was revealed that A549 epithelial cells have two receptors for LL-37B, with high and low affinity for LL-37, respectively. These results indicate the mode of interaction of LL-37 with epithelial cells and further our understanding of its role in modulating the innate immune response.
A Bulk FinFET Unified-RAM (URAM) Cell for Multifunctioning NVM and Capacitorless 1T-DRAM (2008)

A bulk FinFET-based unified-RAM (URAM) cell technology is demonstrated for the fusion of a nonvolatile-memory (NVM) and capacitorless 1T-DRAM. An oxide/nitride/oxide layer and a floating-body are combined to perform a URAM operation in a single transistor. A buried n-well technology for NMOS allows hole accumulation for the 1T-DRAM operation in a p-type bulk substrate. The bulk FinFET URAM offers a cost-effective and fully compatible process with a conventional FinFET SONOS, and it also expedites heat dissipation. Highly reliable NVM and high-speed 1T-DRAM operation are confirmed, and it was also verified that there is no disturbance between the two memory functions.
Plan-based information requirements: automated knowledge acquisition to support information management in an intelligent pilot-vehicle interface (2003)

The authors describe a prototype system that automatically derives abstract, display-independent information requirements (IRs) from a characterization of a pilot-level plan. Objects and actions present in the plan can also be used to describe the manner in which the information will be required, e.g., with what scope, resolution, bandwidth, etc. This information can then be used as the basis for display management within the pilot-vehicle interface model of the US Air Force's Pilot's Associate (PA). The project described is called Learning System for Information Requirements (LSIR). The goal of this research was increased speed, accuracy, consistency, and completeness in the plan based information requirements knowledge base of the PA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical End Points and Response Criteria in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: A Consensus Statement of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas, the United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium, and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (2011)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), the major forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Clinical trials in MF/SS have suffered from a lack of standardization in evaluation, staging, assessment, end points, and response criteria. Recently defined criteria for the diagnosis of early MF, guidelines for initial evaluation, and revised staging and classification criteria for MF and SS now offer the potential for uniform staging of patients enrolled in clinical trials for MF/SS. This article presents consensus recommendations for the general conduct of clinical trials of patients with MF/SS as well as methods for standardized assessment of potential disease manifestations in skin, lymph nodes, blood, and visceral organs, and definition of end points and response criteria. These guidelines should facilitate collaboration among investigators and collation of data from sponsor-generated or investigator-initiated clinical trials involving patients with MF or SS.
Medical therapy, refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, and productivity costs (2016)

Topical corticosteroid therapy and high volume saline irrigation continue to be the cornerstone to medical therapy, whereas use of systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics depends on CRS phenotype and presence of acute exacerbation. More research is needed before routine use of novel immunomodulatory therapies such as anti-IL5, anti-IgE, anti-IL4, and calcium channel blockers. Clinicians should apply an appropriate definition for refractory CRS when discussing role of sinus surgery. Assessing the degree of work productivity impairment can assist in treatment decision-making and may help predict treatment outcomes.