gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The fidelity of template-directed oligonucleotide ligation and its relevance to DNA computation (1998)

Several different computational problems have been solved using DNA as a medium. However, the DNA computations that have so far been carried out have examined a relatively small number of possible sequence solutions in order to find correct sequence solutions. We have encoded a search algorithm in DNA that required the evaluation of >16 000 000 possible sequence solutions in order to find a single, correct sequence solution. Experimental evaluation of the search algorithm revealed bounds for the accuracies of answers to other large, computationally complex problems and suggested methods for the optimization of DNA computations in general. Short oligonucleotide substrates performed substantially better than longer substrates. Large, computationally complex problems whose evaluation requires hybridization and ligation can likely best be encoded and evaluated using short oligonucleotides at mesophilic temperatures.
Low Temperature Void Free Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic Silicon Direct Bonding (2006)

For both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface preparation, using the combination of advanced surface treatment and tuned annealing process, void free Si/Si direct bonding have been successfully obtained. The pre-bonding procedure involves only low temperature (&lt;500{degree sign}C) treatment in order to be compatible with the low thermal budget requirement of some applications. The defectivity has been check using acoustic microscopy over all the interesting temperature range (RT-1100{degree sign}C) for 4' silicon wafers.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of KNS-760704 (Dexpramipexole) in Healthy Adult Subjects (2010)

Dexpramipexole (KNS-760704; [6R]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-N6-propyl-2,6-benzothiazole-diamine) is a novel synthetic amino-benzothiazole in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Preclinical studies have shown that dexpramipexole is neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo, is highly orally bioavailable and water soluble, and rapidly achieves and maintains high central nervous system concentrations relative to plasma. Two phase 1 clinical studies were conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single and multiple doses of dexpramipexole in 54 healthy male and female adults. The effect of food on the single-dose PK of dexpramipexole was also evaluated. Single doses (50 mg, 150 mg, or 300 mg) and multiple doses (50 mg twice daily, 100 mg twice daily, or 150 mg twice daily) of dexpramipexole over 4.5 days were safe and well tolerated. Dexpramipexole was rapidly absorbed, with time to maximum plasma concentration ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 hours and half-life ranging from 6.4 to 8.1 hours under fasted conditions, and was mostly eliminated in urine as unchanged parent drug (84%-90% of dose). Food had no effect on the single-dose PK of dexpramipexole. These findings support the ongoing development of dexpramipexole for the treatment of ALS and further evaluation of the compound's therapeutic potential in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Double-Clad Fiber Laser with 30 W Output Power (1997)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, H. Welling, and V. Reichel, "Double-Clad Fiber Laser with 30 W Output Power," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, M. Zervas, A. Willner, and S. Sasaki, eds., Vol. 16 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1997), paper FAW18. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
p27-p16 Fusion Gene Inhibits Angioplasty-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia and Coronary Artery Occlusion (2001)

Inhibition of proliferative neointima formed by vascular smooth muscle cells is a potential target in preventing angioplasty-induced restenosis. We have created a potent antiproliferative by fusing the active regions of the p27 and p16 cell cycle inhibitors. Intravascular delivery of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector (AV) encoding this p27-p16 fusion protein, named W9, inhibited balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid arteries. In a therapeutically more relevant model, AV-W9 was delivered to balloon-injured porcine coronary arteries in vivo using an infusion catheter. Of the three coronary arteries, two were injured with a 15-mm balloon catheter and either were left untreated or were treated with 10(12) viral particles of either AV-W9 or a control null virus. AV-W9 treatment significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in this porcine arterial balloon injury model compared with untreated or control virus-treated vessels. The average intimal area of the AV-W9-treated group 10 days after balloon injury and treatment was 0.42+/-0.36 mm(2), whereas the AV-null group demonstrated an intimal area of 0.70+/-0.52 mm(2). At day 10 the average intimal thickness of the AV-W9-treated vessels was 9.1 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) compared with 21.2 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) in control virus-treated vessels. This trend was also observed at 28 days after balloon injury and gene transfer during which AV-W9-treated vessels demonstrated an average intimal thickness of 4.7 microm (n=8, x 20 magnification) compared with 13.3 microm (n=3, x 20 magnification) in control virus-treated vessels and 7.3 microm (n=5, x 20 magnification) in the sham-treated vessels. The AV-W9 treatment was safe and well tolerated. These data suggest that AV-W9 gene therapy may be useful in preventing angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia in the coronary artery.
The Clinical Potential of C-Peptide Replacement in Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

It is well known that C-peptide fulfills an important function in the synthesis of insulin. After cleavage of proinsulin in the pancreatic β-cells, the 31-amino acid C-peptide is secreted into the portal circulation in equimolar concentrations with insulin. After its discovery in 1967 (1), it was believed that C-peptide might exert physiological effects similar to those of insulin. However, no influence on glucose or lipid metabolism could be demonstrated, and C-peptide was subsequently regarded as a waste product of insulin synthesis. Nevertheless, it was found to be useful as an indicator of β-cell function, and since the mid-1970s, C-peptide has been used as a surrogate marker for monitoring the course of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and determining the effects of interventions designed to preserve and improve residual β-cell function.

Several studies demonstrate that patients with type 1 diabetes who show a degree of remaining β-cell activity are considerably less prone to develop microvascular complications than those who are totally C-peptide deficient (2). The possibility that C-peptide may exert direct effects of its own was reevaluated in the early 1990s. A series of studies was undertaken involving administration of the peptide to patients with type 1 diabetes, who lack C-peptide. This approach gave positive results, and it became apparent that replacement of C-peptide in physiological concentrations resulted in significant improvements in several diabetes-induced functional abnormalities (3–7). These surprising findings prompted a renewed interest in C-peptide physiology, and during the past 15 years, a steadily increasing number of reports on new aspects of C-peptide physiology have emerged. The information available today includes studies of the peptide’s interaction with cell membranes and its intracellular signaling properties (8). In vivo studies in animal models of type 1 diabetes have defined a beneficial influence of C-peptide on diabetes-induced functional and structural …
A periodic spatial power combining MESFET oscillator (2003)

A planar periodic MESFET-based spatial power combiner was designed and fabricated in the X-band. A microstrip transmission line was periodically connected to four MESFET devices driving a linear microstrip antenna array. Frequency tuning as well as power combining was investigated. An effective radiated power of 3.2 W was obtained for this structure at an oscillation frequency of 11.2 GHz. A frequency tuning bandwidth of 36 MHz was achieved by varying the gate bias.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Dose Metric for Apparent Cytotoxicity Effects Generated by in Vitro Cell Exposure to Silica Nanoparticles (2010)

This study aimed at identifying the dose metric applicable to studies on the viability of cells exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) in vitro. A previously reported set of data was evaluated very carefully. The extent of cell death after 24-h exposure of three cell lines to suspended silica NPs (<30 nm) was quantified using four different viability/cytotoxicity assays. Data on NP uptake in cells after 6-h exposure were also reported. Evidence is provided that, in spite of the small size of the NPs, mass transport to the cells cannot be explained solely by diffusion. Gravitational settling must have contributed significantly, presumably as the result of the formation of large agglomerates. Appropriately adjusted response data, with typically 22 combinations of mass concentration and height of the medium for each cell line, could be integrated in universal diagrams, provided the dose was quoted in terms of the areal density of NP mass delivered to the cells. Loss of viability became observable only if cells were exposed to the equivalent of 1 to 5 closely packed layers of NPs; the dose required for complete cell death ranged between 4 and about 20 layers of NPs. The results suggest that the cell-death phenomena observed in the evaluated work and in many similar studies reported in the literature constitute a matter of cell overload with nanostructured matter. This finding also implies that the toxic potential of individual silicate NPs is very low. Strategies for the design of advanced future work are outlined.
High Tuning-Ratio MEMS-Based Tunable Capacitors for RF Communications Application (1998)

We have designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested a high tuning-ratio MEMS-based tunable capacitor for RF communications applications. The tunable capacitor is made of single crystal silicon using anisotropic deep silicon etching techniques like the inductively coupled plasma (ICP). T _ he capacitor structure is subsequently released and sputter coated with a metal thin film for improved electrical performances. As application-determined parameters, the nominal base capacitance (unbiased) is designed to be between I pf and 5 pf, and the tun mg ratio has been demonstrated to be in excess of 300%.
Embolic Occlusion of the Blood Supply to Uterine Myomas: Report of 2 Cases (1999)

Uterine myomas are the most common tumours of the female genital tract and with menorrhagia provide the most common indications for hysterectomy. Whilst myomectomy is a surgical alternative, it is associated with greater morbidity and a higher blood transfusion rate. Arterial embolization of myomas is a nonsurgical treatment option that can be performed as an outpatient procedure, is cheaper than myomectomy, permits preservation of reproductive potential, and may not only be associated with less morbidity than myomectomy but also may not cause adhesions which could compromise fertility. This paper details 2 cases treated by this technique.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of CdS Nanoribbons. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum sp. nov., a Cellulolytic Thermophile (1991)

A new thermophilic, cellulolytic species of the genus Clostridium was isolated from riverside mud. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of its DNA is 34 mol%. The isolate ferments a wide range of carbohydrates. Its major fermentation products are ethanol, butanol, acetate, butyrate, lactate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Hydrogen sulfide is also produced. The name Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum is proposed. The type strain has been deposited in the South American Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology microbiological resource center (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) culture collection, Tucumán, Argentina, as UBA 305.
Swapping to Remote Memory over InfiniBand: An Approach using a High Performance Network Block Device (2005)

Traditionally, operations with memory on other nodes (remote memory) in cluster environments interconnected with technologies like Gigabit Ethernet have been expensive with latencies several magnitudes slower than local memory accesses. Modern RDMA capable networks such as InfiniBand and Quadrics provide low latency of a few microseconds and high bandwidth of up to 10 Gbps. This has significantly reduced the latency gap between access to local memory and remote memory in modern clusters. Remote idle memory can be exploited to reduce the memory pressure on individual nodes. This is akin to adding an additional level in the memory hierarchy between local memory and the disk, with potentially dramatic performance improvements especially for memory intensive applications. In this paper, we take on the challenge to design a remote paging system for remote memory utilization in InfiniBand clusters. We present the design and implementation of a high performance networking block device (HPBD) over InfiniBand fabric, which serves as a swap device of kernel virtual memory (VM) system for efficient page transfer to/from remote memory servers. Our experiments show that using HPBD, quick sort performs only 1.45 times slower than local memory system, and up to 21 times faster than local disk. And our design is completely transparent to user applications. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work of a remote pager design using InfiniBand for remote memory utilization
Electric Double-Layer Capacitance of Meso/Macroporous Activated Carbon Fibers Prepared by the Blending Method (2002)

Meso/macroporous activated carbon fibers (ACFs), containing mesopores and macropores in addition to micropores, were prepared from carbonization and steam-activation of the phenolic resin fibers blended with a small amount (0.1 wt %) of an organic nickel complex. Conventional (microporous) ACF as reference sample, mainly composed of micropores, was also prepared from pure phenolic resin fibers without any agent. The electric double-layer capacitance of these ACFs was measured in propylene carbonate containing 1.0 mol dm−3 The correlation between the capacitance and the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area of the microporous ACFs showed the nonlinearity due to strong ion-sieving of micropores. The double-layer capacitance of the meso/macroporous ACFs was higher than the microporous ACF, because the ion-sieving effect of micropores was relaxed by the presence of meso/macropores. The relaxation by the meso/macropores was enhanced for the cation adsorption or the high current density measurement. These results confirm that the presence of many meso/macropores promotes the formation of an effective double layer or fast transfer of ions in the microporous structure. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Transition metal labels on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers (1999)

The synthesis, spectroscopic properties (including Mössbauer and electrochemistry) and self-association characteristics of thymine peptide nucleic acid (T–PNA) monomers with covalently linked transition metal markers are described.
Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: progress and prospects (2004)

Strong epidemiological evidence for a genetic contribution to pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has stimulated efforts to identify susceptibility genes for both of its major clinical forms, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Genome scans for linkage have indicated multiple regions of interest, but replication of these has been limited. The detection of linkage on chromosome 16 (IBD1) led to the unequivocal identification of the NOD2 gene (now called CARD15) as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease. This seminal discovery has provided proof of principle for positional cloning and candidate gene approaches to identify IBD genes. It has also led to useful strategic insights in complex disease genetics, and generated new directions in the investigation of the molecular pathways to pathogenesis. Linkage and association studies have also provided strong support for IBD susceptibility genes on chromosomes 5q31, 6p21 and 19p, while loci of interest at 3p, 3q and 14q require further follow-up. Although important obstacles to further progress will need to be overcome, the successes of the past 2 years suggest that a detailed description of the genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease is a realistic goal.
The evolution of a methodology for selecting treatment technologies for low-level mixed wastes at the Rocky Flats Plant (1994)

In response to the compliance requirements of the Federal Facility Compliance Agreement, Docket No. RCRA (3008) VIII-89-251, the U.S. Department of Energy Rocky Flats Office and EG&G Rocky Flats, Inc. have developed a methodology for choosing primary treatment technologies for its Low-Level Mixed (LLM) wastes. Several factors have contributed to the complexity of technology selection at Rocky Flats Plant (RFP), including the lack of detailed waste characterization data, lack of a formalized selection process for evaluating the proposed treatment technologies under consideration, and intense public scrutiny that the selection process is expected to generate. The basis of the RFP Technology Evaluation Framework is a straightforward multicriteria scoring equation in which technical analysts, non-technical analysts, and members of the general public assign scores to questions ranging from the technology`s potential technical effectiveness in treating the particular waste stream to the public`s confidence in the selected technology. Weights are assigned to the criteria, and an overall composite score is generated for each technology by adding the weighted criterion scores. The criterion scores are enhanced by requirements for extensive written comments on the scoring rationale and an assessment of the quality of data used to arrive at the score. The primary lessons learnedmore » during three trial technology evaluations include (1) detailed evaluation of every LLM waste generated or stored at RFP versus every applicable technology under consideration at RFP would be too time consuming and costly to be feasible, (2) bias in the evaluations must be mitigated while maintaining continuity in the evaluation process, and (3) results of the evaluation process and analysis must be communicated to all stakeholders in a format easily understood by audiences of varying technical expertise and interest.« less
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Atmospheric Air Using Sodium Hydroxide Spray (2008)

In contrast to conventional carbon capture systems for power plants and other large point sources, the system described in this paper captures CO2 directly from ambient air. This has the advantages that emissions from diffuse sources and past emissions may be captured. The objective of this research is to determine the feasibility of a NaOH spray-based contactor for use in an air capture system by estimating the cost and energy requirements per unit CO2 captured. A prototype system is constructed and tested to measure CO2 absorption, energy use, and evaporative water loss and compared with theoretical predictions. A numerical model of drop collision and coalescence is used to estimate operating parameters for a full-scale system, and the cost of operating the system per unit CO2 captured is estimated. The analysis indicates that CO2 capture from air for climate change mitigation is technically feasible using off-the-shelf technology. Drop coalescence significantly decreases the CO2 absorption efficiency; however, fan and pump energy requirements are manageable. Water loss is significant (20 mol H2O/mol CO2 at 15 °C and 65% RH) but can be lowered by appropriately designing and operating the system. The cost of CO2 capture using NaOH spray (excluding solution recovery and CO2 sequestration, which may be comparable) in the full-scale system is 96 $/ton-CO2 in the base case, and ranges from 53 to 127 $/ton-CO2 under alternate operating parameters and assumptions regarding capital costs and mass transfer rate. The low end of the cost range is reached by a spray with 50 µm mean drop diameter, which is achievable with commercially available spray nozzles.
Trends and Patterns of Indiaâ€™s Trade with Six EU Countries (2015)

India and European Union trade relations go back to 1960s. Both sides started their bilateral trade relations after their first summit which, was held in 2000 and after that India-EU has gone through various rounds of summits and negotiations for improving the bilateral trade ties. As a result, Free Trade Agreement was agreed upon between them in 2007 but it is still not fully implemented. EU is Indiaâ€™s largest trading partner which has accounted 14.8 percent in its total trade in 2011. The study has taken up six nations of EU namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK as Â Â India has a large average share of trade with these countries during 1996-2011. The study strives to find out the trade trends of India with these six EU countries namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK. The study Â is an attempt to find out the trade competitiveness and patterns of India with these countries by using various indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA) and Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT). Â The study finds out thatÂ European debt crisis have vigorously affected Indian pattern of trade with these six countries.Â Â Â
Formation and Reaction of Interchain Carboxylic Anhydride Groups on Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (1997)

This paper demonstrates a new method for the synthesis of mixed self-assembled monolayers (mixed SAMs) by reaction of a reactive intermediatean interchain carboxylic anhydridewith alkylamines. The interchain anhydride was prepared in high yield from a SAM of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (HS(CH2)15COOH) on gold by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Alkylamines reacted cleanly with the interchain anhydride to generate a mixed SAM, which comprised a mixture of acids and amides in approximately 1:1 ratio on the surface. The SAMs of the interchain anhydride and the mixed SAM were characterized using polarized infrared external reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and ellipsometry. Control of the wettability of the SAMs was demonstrated by allowing the interchain anhydride to react with alkylamines having different alkyl groups; this model system gave wetting data consistent with earlier studies of mixed monolayers and verified the ability of this method to manipulate interfacial physical properties. In certain circumstances, this method is experimentally simpler as a method to produce mixed SAMs than are conventional methods involving coadsorption of two thiols from a mixture in solution. It also assures two other characteristics of the mixed SAM: that the composition of the SAM is roughly 1:1 in carboxylic acid and amide groups, and that these two groups are well mixed on the surface.