gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene is located at region q21.3-q22 of chromosome 7 and genetically linked with cystic fibrosis. (1987)

The regional chromosomal location of the human gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI1) was determined by three independent methods of gene mapping. PAI1 was localized first to 7cen-q32 and then to 7q21.3-q22 by Southern blot hybridization analysis of a panel of human and mouse somatic cell hybrids with a PAI1 cDNA probe and in situ hybridization, respectively. We identified a frequent HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the PAI1 gene with an information content of 0.369. In family studies using this polymorphism, genetic linkage was found between PAI1 and the loci for erythropoietin (EPO), paraoxonase (PON), the met protooncogene (MET), and cystic fibrosis (CF), all previously assigned to the middle part of the long arm of chromosome 7. The linkage with EPO was closest with an estimated genetic distance of 3 centimorgans, whereas that to CF was 20 centimorgans. A three-point genetic linkage analysis and data from previous studies showed that the most likely order of these loci is EPO, PAI1, PON, (MET, CF), with PAI1 being located centromeric to CF. The PAI1 RFLP may prove to be valuable in ordering genetic markers in the CF-linkage group and may also be valuable in genetic analysis of plasminogen activation-related diseases, such as certain thromboembolic disorders and cancer.
Adaptation of a Strain of Plasmodium vivax from Mauritania to New World Monkeys and Anopheline Mosquitoes (1998)

A strain of Plasmodium vivax from Mauritania was adapted to develop in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymai, Saimiri boliviensis, and hybrid Aotus monkeys. Infections were induced via the inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles freeborni, and Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes or the intravenous passage of infected erythrocytes. Infections in 3 A. lemurinus griseimembra monkeys readily infected mosquitoes. Four lines of the Mauritania parasites have been stored frozen for further reference.
Thiopurine pharmacogenetics in leukemia: Correlation of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase activity and 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations (1987)

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine. Human erythrocyte (RBC) TPMT activity is controlled by a common genetic polymorphism. On a genetic basis approximately one in every 300 subjects lacks TPMT activity, and 11% of subjects have intermediate activities. 6-Thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) are major metabolites of 6-MP and azathioprine in humans. RBC 6-TGN concentrations are correlated directly with risk for the development of leukopenia in patients treated with thiopurine drugs. Our studies were performed to determine whether there was a relationship between genetically controlled levels of RBC TPMT activity and RBC concentrations of 6-TGN. We found a significant negative correlation between RBC TPMT activity and 6-TGN concentrations in blood samples from 40 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving long-term therapy with 6-MP (rs = -0.474; P less than 0.005). In addition, RBC TPMT activities were significantly higher in blood samples from these patients than in blood samples from adult control subjects (P less than 0.0001) or children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were in remission but were not receiving drug therapy (P less than 0.0001). Finally, three adult patients were studied who developed very high RBC 6-TGN concentrations and thiopurine-induced leukopenia. Two of the three patients had no detectable RBC TPMT activity--presumably on a genetic basis. These results indicate that low TPMT activity may be a risk factor for the occurrence of elevated 6-TGN concentrations and for the development of severe leukopenia in patients treated with thiopurine drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Composite Polymer Electrolytes with Improved Lithium Metal Electrode Interfacial Properties: I. Elechtrochemical Properties of Dry PEO‐LiX Systems (1998)

Several types of lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes have been synthesized by hot‐pressing homogeneous mixtures of the components, namely, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the polymer matrix, lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate , and lithium tetrafluoborate , respectively, as the lithium salt, and lithium gamma‐aluminate , as a ceramic filler. This preparation procedure avoids any step including liquids so that plasticizer‐free, composite polymer electrolytes can be obtained. These electrolyte have enhanced electrochemical properties, such as an ionic conductivity of the order of at 80–90°C and an anodic breakdown voltage higher than 4 V vs. Li. In addition, and most importantly, the combination of the dry feature of the synthesis procedure with the dispersion of the ceramic powder, concurs to provide these composite electrolytes with an exceptionally high stability with the lithium metal electrode. In fact, this electrode cycles in these dry polymer electrolytes with a very high efficiency, i.e., approaching 99%. This in turn suggests the suitability of the electrolytes for the fabrication of improved rechargeable lithium polymer batteries.
A Note For Graphing Calculators In The Fundamental Finance Course (2011)

The financial calculator is incorporated in finance education. In class, the instructor shows students how to use the financial calculators function keys to solve time value of money (TVM) related problems efficiently. The fundamental finance course is required for all majors in the business school. Some students, especially non-accounting/non-finance majors, still want to use their graphing calculators rather than purchase financial calculators to save the cost. In fact, graphing calculators, such as TI-83 Plus and TI-84 Plus, also contain finance functions and many undergraduate students had owned TI-83 Plus or TI-84 Plus before they took the fundamental finance course in the junior year. This note provides a perspective that instructors of the undergraduate fundamental finance course may consider teaching students how to use finance functions of the graphing calculator in addition to teaching students how to use the financial calculator in class.
Femtosecond laser excitation dynamics of the semiconductor-metal phase transition in VO2 (1996)

We have measured the subpicosecond optical response of a solid-state, semiconductor-to-metal phase transition excited by femtosecond laser pulses. We have determined the dynamic response of the complex refractive index of polycrystalline VO2 thin-films by making pump-probe optical transmission and reflection measurements at 780 nm. The phase transition was found to be largely prompt with the optical properties very close to the high-temperature metallic state being attained within about 5 ps. The equilibration of the metallic state after femtosecond excitation was modeled by non-exponentially decaying perturbations in the metallic state electron density and collision frequency. The decay of both these plasma parameters was well fit by a 1/√t time dependence. This indicated that a diffusion process governed the equilibration of the metallic phase of VO2.
Molecular characterization and expression of a gene encoding a Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin. (1992)

Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus bind collagen with a high degree of specificity and affinity. This interaction can represent a mechanism of substrate adhesion and may be an important step in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis and infectious arthritis. We now report on the cloning, sequencing, and expression of a gene name cna, encoding a S. aureus collagen adhesin. The cna gene was isolated from a lambda GT11 S. aureus genomic library and encodes an 1185 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals several structural characteristics similar to previously described Gram-positive bacterial cell surface proteins. Antibodies raised against the native collagen adhesin from S. aureus recognize the recombinant collagen adhesin. Collagen binding activity can be detected in a lysate obtained from Escherichia coli cells, which harbor the cloned cna gene on an expression plasmid. Collagen-binding proteins can be detected in the lysate when analyzed by a Western blot type assay in which the membrane-transferred proteins are probed with radioactively labeled collagen. Finally, the bacterial lysate containing the recombinant adhesin can effectively inhibit the binding of soluble collagen to cells of S. aureus.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Eighth Gene (1987)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) has been shown to contain at least four extra genes in addition to the three essential genes (gag, pol, env) for replication of most retroviruses. These genes are expressed by complex splicing mechanisms and utilization of overlapping reading frames. We now demonstrate that there is an eighth gene which encodes a protein which is immunogenic and recognized by sera of some HTLV-III seropositive people. The gene is highly conserved among all known HTLV-III isolates and exhibits a polymorphism at the 3' end which distinguishes several molecular clones of the HTLV-IIIB cell line from those of other HTLV-III/LAV isolates. The function of this gene is unknown.
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (1996)

Locally advanced breast cancer encompasses a heterogeneous collection of breast neoplasms and constitutes approximately 10%-20% of the newly diagnosed breast cancers. These cancers may have widely different clinical and biological characteristics. Patients with these tumors may be classified as stage IIB, III or IV breast cancer according to the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting (TNM classification). Multidisciplinary therapy has become the treatment of choice for these patients. Primary or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by locoregional therapy, either surgery and/or radiotherapy, and postoperative systemic chemotherapy is now an accepted strategy. More than 70% of patients achieve an objective response (including pathological complete remission in 10%-25% of cases), and many patients experience downstaging through primary chemotherapy. Breast conservation is possible in 10%-40% of patients with locally advanced breast cancer; almost all patients initially are rendered disease-free, and long-term local control is achieved in over 70% of these patients. Primary chemotherapy is the initial choice of treatment for patients with locally advanced tumors, but it is unclear what the optimal sequence of subsequent therapies should be, whether one or two local treatment modalities are necessary, and whether any or different postoperative chemotherapy is needed. The efficacy of primary chemotherapy was demonstrated in several large prospective studies in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The natural history of this disease was changed dramatically by the introduction of these combined modality therapies. Five-year disease-free survival rates of 35%-70% are commonly reported, and about 25%-40% of patients will survive beyond 10 years without recurrence. In summary, multidisciplinary therapy that includes primary chemotherapy provides appropriate local control and the possibility of breast conservation therapy; it increases surgical resectability and survival rates in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. The role of new innovative therapeutic strategies such as high-dose chemotherapy, with hematopoietic stem cell rescue, new cytotoxic agents and higher dose-intensity therapy is currently under evaluation in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Factors Influencing Intraocular Pressure in Cultured Human Anterior Segments (2004)

Cell debris can elevate IOP during the initial culture period, and after baseline pressures are established. Cell fragments and DNA increase IOP in a dose-dependent manner. The variations in baseline IOP seen during culture are probably caused by cell fragments and debris from dying cells in the meshwork, ciliary body, and other anterior segment tissues.
Thermal damage assessment of blood vessels in a hamster skin flap model by fluorescence measurement of a liposome-dye system (1997)

Real-time fluorescence imaging seems to be a good tool to estimate in a non-invasive manner the thermal damage induced by a diode laser combined with ICG potentiation.
Gene expression and cell fusion analyzed by lacZ complementation in mammalian cells. (1996)

Complementing reporter genes provide biological indicators of coincident expression of proteins in cells. We have adapted intracistronic complementation of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene for use in mammalian cells. Enzymatic activity detectable by quantitative biochemical assay, flow cytometry, or microscopy is produced upon convergent expression of two distinct mutant lacZ peptides within single cells, or upon fusion of cells expressing such mutants. A novel fluorescent substrate for beta-galactosidase (Fluor-X-Gal) increases detection and permits simultaneous microscopic visualization of other fluorescent markers. The enzymatic complementation described here should facilitate studies of cell fusion, cell lineage, and signal transduction, by producing activity only when two proteins are expressed at the same time and place in intact cells.
Biosynthesis, Processing, and Evolution of Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (1987)

Functional products of gene expression are generally obtained only after the initial linear polypeptide chain has folded to its native three-dimensional conformation (Creighton 1984). Unfolded proteins are usually inactive biologically. Folding is believed to be a spontaneous self-assembly process, directed solely by the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain under the appropriate physiological conditions, and occurs shortly after assembly of the polypeptide chain on the ribosome.
A peroxisomal acyltransferase in mouse identifies a novel pathway for taurine conjugation of fatty acids (2006)

A wide variety of endogenous carboxylic acids and xenobiotics are conjugated with amino acids, before excretion in urine or bile. The conjugation of carboxylic acids and bile acids with taurine and glycine has been widely characterized, and de novo synthesized bile acids are conjugated to either glycine or taurine in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are also involved in the oxidation of several other lipid molecules, such as very long chain acyl-CoAs, branched chain acyl-CoAs, and prostaglandins. In this study, we have now identified a novel peroxisomal enzyme called acyl-coenzyme A:amino acid N-acyltransferase (ACNAT1). Recombinantly expressed ACNAT1 acts as an acyltransferase that efficiently conjugates very long-chain and long-chain fatty acids to taurine. The enzyme shows no conjugating activity with glycine, showing that it is a specific taurine conjugator. Acnat1 is mainly expressed in liver and kidney, and the gene is localized in a gene cluster, together with two further acyltransferases, one of which conjugates bile acids to glycine and taurine. In conclusion, these data describe ACNAT1 as a new acyltransferase, involved in taurine conjugation of fatty acids in peroxisomes, identifying a novel pathway for production of N-acyltaurines as signaling molecules or for excretion of fatty acids.
Capsaicin‐sensitive sensory fibers in the islets of Langerhans contribute to defective insulin secretion in Zucker diabetic rat, an animal model for some aspects of human type 2 diabetes (2007)

The system that regulates insulin secretion from beta-cells in the islet of Langerhans has a capsaicin-sensitive inhibitory component. As calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing primary sensory fibers innervate the islets, and a major proportion of the CGRP-containing primary sensory neurons is sensitive to capsaicin, the islet-innervating sensory fibers may represent the capsaicin-sensitive inhibitory component. Here, we examined the expression of the capsaicin receptor, vanilloid type 1 transient receptor potential receptor (TRPV1) in CGRP-expressing fibers in the pancreatic islets, and the effect of selective elimination of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents on the decline of glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are used to study various aspects of human type 2 diabetes mellitus. We found that CGRP-expressing fibers in the pancreatic islets also express TRPV1. Furthermore, we also found that systemic capsaicin application before the development of hyperglycemia prevents the increase of fasting, non-fasting, and mean 24-h plasma glucose levels, and the deterioration of glucose tolerance assessed on the fifth week following the injection. These effects were accompanied by enhanced insulin secretion and a virtually complete loss of CGRP- and TRPV1-coexpressing islet-innervating fibers. These data indicate that CGRP-containing fibers in the islets are capsaicin sensitive, and that elimination of these fibers contributes to the prevention of the deterioration of glucose homeostasis through increased insulin secretion in ZDF rats. Based on these data we propose that the activity of islet-innervating capsaicin-sensitive fibers may have a role in the development of reduced insulin secretion in human type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Novel concept of a PV power generation system adding the function of shunt active filter (2003)

Novel concept of a photovoltaics (PV) power generation system adding the function of active filter (AF) is proposed in this paper. So far, because the PV power generation system can be treated to a harmonics source for the power distribution systems, the PV system combined the function of AF systems as well as the AF systems using the PV module as the power source have never been reported. Here, the control strategy of PV-AF system is for the first time introduced. Also, in order to stabilize the output current of VSI, the reference voltage MPPT control is applied. Using simulation analysis, it is confirmed that it is possible to combine AF theory to the three phase PV system connected up to utility, and results gave us that it was theoretically positive to actualize the PV-AF system.
Protective effects of estrogen on ischemia/reperfusion–induced bladder dysfunction in female rabbits (2012)

I/R surgical procedure increases oxidative damage, enhances interstitial fibrosis, and results in bladder denervation. Ovarian hormone deficiency exacerbates this I/R-induced bladder damage, whereas estrogen therapy after ovariectomy attenuates this injury. These results reveal estrogen's protective effects on bladders subjected to I/R injury and the potential benefits of estrogen therapy on I/R-induced bladder damage.
Targeting human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells with anti-CD45 × anti-myosin light-chain bispecific antibody preserves cardiac function in myocardial infarction (2008)

We have previously shown that targeting human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with a bispecific antibody (BiAb) directed against myosin light chain (MLC) increases delivery of cells to the injured hearts and improves cardiac performance in the nude rat. In this study, we have sought to validate our previous observations and to perform more detailed determination of ventricular function in immunocompetent mice with myocardial infarction (MI) that were treated with armed CD34(+) HSC. We examined whether armed CD34(+) HSC would target the injured heart following MI and restore ventricular function in vitro. MI was created by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. After 48 h, adult ICR mice received either 0.5 x 10(6) human CD34(+) HSC armed with anti-CD45 x anti-MLC BiAb or an equal volume of medium through a single tail vein injection. Two weeks after stem cell administration, ventricular function of hearts from mice receiving armed CD34(+) HSC was significantly greater compared with the same parameters from control mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the accumulation of CD34(+) HSC in MI hearts infused with stem cells. Angiogenesis was significantly enhanced in CD34(+) HSC-treated heart as determined by vascular density per area. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed that the retained cardiac function observed in CD34(+) HSC-treated mice was associated with decreased ventricular fibrosis. These results suggest that peripheral administration of armed CD34(+) HSC results in localization of CD34(+) HSC to injured myocardium and restores myocardial function.
Shaping HTTP adaptive streams for a better user experience (2012)

With increasing audio/video service consumption through unmanaged IP networks, HTTP adaptive streaming techniques have emerged to handle bandwidth limitations and variations. But while it is becoming common to serve multiple clients in one home network, these solutions do not adequately address fine tuned quality arbitration between the multiple streams. While clients compete for bandwidth, the video suffers unstable conditions and/or inappropriate bit-rate levels.
Ubiquitous receptor: a receptor that modulates gene activation by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors. (1994)

The cDNA for a member of the nuclear receptor family was cloned and named ubiquitous receptor (UR), since UR protein and mRNA are detected in many cell types. Rat UR/human retinoid X receptor alpha (hRXR alpha) heterodimers bound preferentially to double-stranded oligonucleotide direct repeats having the consensus half-site sequence AGGTCA and 4-nt spacing (DR-4). Coexpression of UR in COS-1 cells inhibited the stimulation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene expression by hRXR alpha and human retinoic acid receptor alpha in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid when DR-4 (but not DR-5) was present upstream of the promoter of a CAT reporter gene (DR-4-CAT). UR expression also inhibited the activation of a DR-4-CAT reporter gene by hRXR alpha and 9-cis-retinoic acid or by thyroid hormone receptor beta in the presence of thyroid hormone. However, in the absence of 9-cis-retinoic acid, UR in combination with hRXR alpha stimulation DR-4-CAT expression. Coexpression of thyroid hormone receptor markedly reduced this stimulation in the absence of thyroid hormone. UR may play an important role in normal growth and differentiation by modulating gene activation in retinoic acid and thyroid hormone signaling pathways.
Identification of growth inhibited cells by retention of a lipophilic fluorescent dye. (1993)

Cellular proliferation is regulated in both positive and negative ways. However, direct selection for growth inhibitory control elements is limited by the difficulty in identifying a growth inhibited cell against a background of cells which are proliferating. This study describes a positive selection technique for growth inhibited cells. This method is based on the retention of a lipophilic fluorescent dye which nonspecifically labels plasma membranes and distributes between daughter cells with membrane lipid as cells proliferate. Characterization of this assay is described using an epithelial cell line which is growth inhibited in response to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and dexamethasone and several mutant clones of that line which lack responsiveness to TGF-beta. Retention of dye in response to the growth inhibitors is proportional to the inhibition of thymidine incorporation of those cells. Mixing experiments were also carried out in which G418 resistant TGF-beta responsive epithelial cells were mixed with TGF-beta nonresponsive mutants. The mixture was labeled with PKH-2 and exposed to TGF-beta for 3 days. Subsequently, consecutive fractions of cells sorted on the basis of fluorescence intensity were selected in G418, and the TGF-beta responsive epithelial cells were found predominantly in the most fluorescent cells in the population. This method provides a positive selection for growth inhibited cells which may, in combination with classical gene transfer techniques, provide a way to select for growth inhibitory genes in a manner analogous to the focus forming assay selection for oncogenes.