gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermochromism of inorganic compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochromism of inorganic compoundsJesse H. DayCite this: Chem. Rev. 1968, 68, 6, 649–657Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60256a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60256a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3732Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Isolation and Properties of a Tyrosine‐Rich Protein from Wool: Component 0.62 (1973)

An apparently homogeneous protein (component 0.62), of mol. wt 6900, has been isolated from reduced and carboxymethylated wool proteins by chromatography on QAE‐cellulose at pH 10.5, followed by chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose at pH 8.26% of the amino acid residues of this protein are glycine, another 31% are aromatic amino acids, these together with serine account for 70% of the molecule. The component is unusual in containing no lysine, histidine, glutamic acid, methionine or isoleucine. Electrophoresis in starch gels at pH 8.6 and pH 2.4 and isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide, indicate that the preparation contains a single component with an isoelectric point of 3.6. Chromatography on calibrated columns of Sephadex G‐75 and Biogel P‐10 gives single symmetrical peaks corresponding in elution volume with an apparent molecular weight of about 4700, whereas ultracentrifugation and sequence give a value close to 7000. It is probable that this discrepancy is due to an extreme retardation of the protein on Sephadex or Biogel due to the large number of aromatic amino acid residues present in the protein. Component 0.62 is almost completely insoluble below pH 9 but increases in solubility with increasing pH and is soluble to the extent of about 0.20% at pH 10.0. This protein component constitutes about 30% of the high‐tyrosine type I protein group and accounts for at least 2% of the mass of fine Merino wools.
Propagation of some human DNA sequences in bacteriophage lambda vectors requires mutant Escherichia coli hosts. (1985)

The growth of clones of human genomic DNA fragments in a bacteriophage lambda vector has been examined in a number of different Escherichia coli hosts. A large proportion (8.9%) of the phages carrying different fragments of the human genome fail to grow on standard rec+ hosts but will grow on hosts carrying mutations in the recB, recC, and sbcB genes. Heteroduplex analysis in the electron microscope of DNA from four of these phages revealed substantial secondary structure, including snap-back regions 200-500 base pairs in length. Such structures were not found in phages from the same DNA library that grow in rec+ hosts. These results are interpreted in the light of prior observations [Leach, D.R.F. & Stahl, F. (1983) Nature (London) 305, 448-451] showing that inverted repetitions cloned in phage lambda can be propagated in recB recC sbcB hosts but not in rec+ hosts.
Isolation of molecular markers from specific chromosomal intervals using DNA pools from existing mapping populations (1991)

We present a general method for isolating molecular markers specific to any region of a chromosome using existing mapping populations. Two pools of DNA from individuals homozygous for opposing alleles for a targeted chromosomal interval, defined by two or more linked RFLP markers, are constructed from members of an existing mapping population. The DNA pools are then screened for polymorphism using random oligonucleotide primers and PCR (1). Polymorphic DNA bands should represent DNA sequences within or adjacent to the selected interval. We tested this method in tomato using two genomic intervals containing genes responsible for regulating pedicle abscission (jointless) and fruit ripening (non-ripening). DNA pools containing 7 to 14 F2 individuals for each interval were screened with 200 random primers. Three polymorphic markers were thus identified, two of which were subsequently shown to be tightly linked to the selected intervals. The third marker mapped to the same chromosome (11) but 45 cM away from the selected interval. A particularly attractive attribute of this method is that a single mapping population can be used to target any interval in the genome. Although this method has been demonstrated in tomato, it should be applicable to any sexually reproducing organism for which segregating populations are being used to construct genetic linkage maps.
Erythrocytes deliver Tat to interferon-gamma-treated human dendritic cells for efficient initiation of specific type 1 immune responses in vitro. (2002)

Dendritic cells (DC) can represent an important target for vaccine development against viral infections. Here, we studied whether interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) could improve the functions of DC and analyzed human red blood cells (RBC) as a delivery system for Tat protein. Monocyte-derived DC were cultured in human serum and matured with monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM) in the presence or not of IFN-gamma. Tat was conjugated to RBC (RBC-Tat) through avidin-biotin bridges. Stimulation of DC with IFN-gamma increased the release of interleukin (IL)-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inhibited the production of IL-10. Moreover, IFN-gamma-treated DC up-regulated the release of CXCL10 (IP-10) markedly and reduced the secretion of CCL17 TARC significantly, attracting preferentially T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells, respectively. DC internalized RBC-Tat efficiently. Compared with DC pulsed with soluble Tat, DC incubated with RBC-Tat elicited specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses at a much lower antigen dose. DC matured in the presence of MCM were more effective than immature DC in inducing T-cell proliferation and IFN-gamma release. Finally, immature and mature DC exposed to IFN-gamma were better stimulators of allogeneic T cells and induced a higher IFN-gamma production from Tat-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In conclusion, erythrocytes appear an effective tool for antigen delivery into DC, and IFN-gamma could be used advantageously for augmenting the ability of DC to induce type 1 immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: New μ‐Opioid Receptor Agonists with Phenoxyacetic Acid Moiety (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Restriction in IgM expression. IV. Affinity analysis of monoclonal anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies. (1983)

Abstract The genetic basis of affinity restriction in IgM antibody has been further studied with monoclonal antibodies directed to the phenylphosphorylcholine moiety. Association constants for the binding of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-p-aminophenylphosphorylcholine to IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies (anti-PC) have been determined by the method of fluorescence quenching by using the dinitrophenyl group as a sensor of the bound state. On the assumption that the IgM antibodies expressed germ-line VH and VL genes, whereas the IgG expressed somatic variants of these genes, the differences in binding properties of the isotypes were correlated with their difference in potential diversity. In contrast to the previous findings with pbosphorylcholine as the complete ligand, the inclusion of the phenyl group in the ligand used for affinity determinations yielded results consistent with earlier comparisons of IgG and IgM antibodies in other systems. From these results emerged several significant conclusions. 1) The IgG group of antibodies expresses a maximum affinity not attained by the IgM group. 2) In five of six IgG antibodies the phenyl group enhances the binding constants by factors ranging from sixfold to 82-fold, whereas no more than a twofold increase is observed with IgM. 3) The IgM combining sites are probably complementary only to the pbosphorylcholine portion of the determinant. 4) The IgG antibodies do not show an affinity significantly less than the maximum for IgM. It is inferred, therefore, that the IgG variants arise by an antigen-driven selection of B cell clones exhibiting receptors with equivalent or improved affinity for the ligand compared with the germ line-restricted affinity yielding antibodies of refined specificity. This process may be coupled to escape from suppression of germ-line idiot opes. Finally, attention is called to the possibility of a parallel germline restriction in the VH gene segments presumably expressed by T cell receptors.
ras protein activity is essential for T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction. (1993)

In a Jurkat cell model of T-cell activation an interleukin-2 promoter/reporter gene construct was activated by antigen receptor agonism in combination with the lymphokine interleukin-1. Antigen receptor signals could be mimicked by suboptimal activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol esters in combination with calcium mobilization by an ionophore. In cotransfection experiments, oncogenic rats obviated the need for PKC stimulation but did not replace either the calcium signal or interleukin-1. Activated ras expression also replaced the requirement for PKC stimulation in activation of the T-cell transcription factor NF-AT. A dominant inhibitory ras mutant specifically blocked antigen receptor agonism, indicating that ras activity is required for antigen receptor signaling. In addition, an inhibitor of PKC blocked both activated ras and phorbol ester stimulation, suggesting a role for ras upstream of PKC.
Polymeric Delivery of Proteins and Plasmid DNA for Tissue Engineering and Gene Therapy (2001)

In vivo gene expression can be altered by locally delivered DNA and proteins. The ability to deliver bioactive macromolecules, such as proteins and plasmid DNA, over controllable time frames represents a challenging engineering problem. Considerable success has been achieved with polymeric delivery systems that provide the capability to change cell function either acutely or chronically. This review focuses on controlled delivery of proteins and plasmid DNA from polymers and on the effects of controlled delivery on gene expression, and introduces some cell biological and biochemical parameters to be considered when delivering macromolecules to change cell behavior.
Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the BYMV coat protein gene (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the BYMV coat protein gene Get access K. Boye, K. Boye * Department of Genetics, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityBülowsvej 13, DK-1970 Copenhagen F, Denmark *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P.E. Jensen, P.E. Jensen Department of Genetics, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityBülowsvej 13, DK-1970 Copenhagen F, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B.M. Stummann, B.M. Stummann Department of Genetics, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityBülowsvej 13, DK-1970 Copenhagen F, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K.W. Henningsen K.W. Henningsen Department of Genetics, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityBülowsvej 13, DK-1970 Copenhagen F, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 16, 25 August 1990, Page 4926, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.16.4926 Published: 25 August 1990 Article history Accepted: 13 July 1990 Published: 25 August 1990
Invasion Assays (1998)

Basement membrane is a thin extracellular matrix that underlies epithelia and endothelia and separates them from the stroma. Tumor cells must cross this membrane to invade stroma and establish distant metastases. They do this by producing proteases that degrade the matrix. Of several in vitro models, those using Matrigel are the most reliable, reproducible, and representative of in vivo invasion. In the assay presented here, tumor cells are placed in the upper chamber of Boyden migration chamber. The upper and lower chambers are separated by a porous membrane coated with Matrigel. A chemoattractant in the lower well stimulates migration. After an interval, tumor cells are recovered from or counted on the lower surface of the membrane.
SMall Molecule Growth 2001 (SMoG2001):  An Improved Knowledge-Based Scoring Function for Protein−Ligand Interactions (2002)

Computational lead design procedures require fast and accurate scoring functions to rank millions of generated virtual ligands for protein targets. In this article, we present an improved version of the SMoG scoring function, called SMoG2001. This function is based on a knowledge-based approach-that is, the free energy parameters are derived from the observed frequencies of atom-atom contacts in the database of three-dimensional structures of protein-ligand complexes via a procedure based on statistical mechanics. We obtained the statistics from the set of 725 complexes. SMoG2001 reproduces the experimental binding constants of the majority of 119 complexes of the testing set with good accuracy. On similar testing sets, SMoG2001 performs better than two other widely used scoring functions, PMF and SCORE1(LUDI), and comparably to DrugScore. SMoG2001 poorly predicts the affinities of ligands interacting via quantum mechanical forces with metal ions and ligands that are large and flexible. We attribute significant improvement in accuracy over previous versions of the SMoG scoring function to a better description of the reference state-that is, the state of no interactions.
Intracoronary Multi-link stents: experience in 218 patients using aspirin alone (1998)

This study suggests that coronary intervention using the Multi-link stent is safe and effective using aspirin alone, without IVUS or QCA, when stent diameter is greater than 3.0 mm. All cases of stent occlusion in this series occurred in patients in whom at least one stent was 3.0 mm diameter, with stent occlusion being higher in patients with unstable angina compared to those with stable angina. Additional antiplatelet therapy may be beneficial in those patients in whom Multi-link stent diameter is less than 3.5 mm, particularly in those with unstable angina, but is not necessary for patients receiving Multi-link stents of 3.5 mm diameter or greater.
Fiber Fabry-Perot sensors for detection of partial discharges in power transformers (2003)

A diaphragm-based interferometric fiberoptic sensor that uses a low-coherence light source was designed and tested for on-line detection of the acoustic waves generated by partial discharges inside high-voltage power transformers. The sensor uses a fused-silica diaphragm and a single-mode optical fiber encapsulated in a fused-silica glass tube to form an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer, which is interrogated by low-coherence light. Test results indicate that these fiber optic acoustic sensors are capable of faithfully detecting acoustic signals propagating inside transformer oil with high sensitivity and wide bandwidth.
ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENIC POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS: PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOTOXICITY (2002)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental contaminants that has long been of interest in the fields of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, physical chemistry, environmental science, toxicology, cancer research, and energy sciences. Concerning environmental science and cancer research, majority of the research has focused on the occurrence, environmental fate, degradation/remediation, chemical transformation, genotoxicity, metabolism and metabolic activation, DNA adduct formation, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. Although many books and reviews on these subjects have been published, PAH photochemistry and phototoxicity have received much less attention. Therefore, it is intended for this article to provide an up-to-date source of photochemical reaction, photo-transformation, and phototoxicity of PAHs and their oxygenated, nitrated, halogenated, and amino substituted derivatives on a molecular basis. A perspective for future work is also discussed.
New Cerebrosides from Acanthopanax gracilistylus (2011)

Abstract Aim To study the chemical constituents from the fruits of Acanthopanax gracilistylus . Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatography techniques and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results A mixture of cerebrosides, called acanthopanax cerebrosides were isolated and characterized as 1- O −β-D-glucopyranosides of phytosphingosine type ceramides comprised of a common long chain base (2 S , 3 S , 4 R , 8 E )-2-[(2′ R )-2′- hydroxydocosanosylamino]-8( E )-alkene-1, 3, 4-triol. The alkene chain is eicosene( 1 ), nonadecene( 2 ), octadecene ( 3 , momor-cerebroside), heptadecene ( 4 ) and hexadecene ( 5 ). Conclusion Compounds 1, 2 and 5 were new ones named as acanthopanx cerebroside A ( 1 ), acanthopanax cerebroside B ( 2 ), and acanthopanax cerebroside C ( 5 ), and compound 3, 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
The promoter and the enhancer region of the KLK 3 (prostate specific antigen) gene is frequently mutated in breast tumours and in breast carcinoma cell lines (1999)

KLK3 or prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease, which is an established tumour marker of prostatic adenocarcinoma. PSA is now used widely for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that about 70% of breast cancers produce PSA. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying the expression of the PSA gene in breast cancer and breast cancer cell lines. We analysed nine breast tumours categorized on the basis of high- or low-PSA expression in tumour cytosols and four breast cancer cell lines. To determine abnormalities associated with PSA expression in breast tumours, genomic DNA was extracted and all five exons of the PSA gene were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified and sequenced on both strands. PCR amplification was also performed for the promoter and enhancer elements of the PSA gene. No mutations were observed in the coding portion of the gene. A polymorphism was observed in exon 2 from three breast tumours. However, sequencing of the promoter and the enhancer elements of the PSA gene reveals several point mutations. Within a 5.8-kb promoter/enhancer region of the PSA gene, we detected 16 different mutational hotspots (appearing more than once in the nine tumours). Among these hotspots, two appeared in seven out of nine tumours. Most importantly, the androgen response element (ARE I) in the proximal promoter was found mutated in four tumours and in the breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. Mutations associated with the ARE I have been shown previously to result in an 80% decrease in PSA gene expression. The mutations in the core enhancer and promoter region probably contribute to the aberrant expression of the PSA gene in breast tumours, possibly by altering the regulation of the gene by steroid hormones.
Localization of fluorescent compounds in the firefly light organ. (1980)

Two fluorescent materials have been localized in the adult firefly light organ by fluorescence microscopy. One of these is located in photocyte granules, has a maximum emission between 510 and 540 nm, is more fluorescent in basic than acidic solution, and is unstable in ultraviolet light, phosphomolybdic acid, and potassium permanganate. It is thought to be luciferin. The fluorescence of this material is very dim in untreated fireflies but increases substantially following sustained light emission induced by synephrine or prolonged electrical stimulation. It is suggested that the luciferin of untreated animals is bound in the granules and that binding suppresses its fluorescence. The second fluorescent material is located in the dorsal layer of the light organ, particularly in the cells bordering on the photogenic layer. This material has a maximum emission between 510 and 520 nm, is relatively stable in ultraviolet light, and rapidly disappears when light organs are exposed to water. Its identity and function are unknown.
Hypnotic and Antiepileptic Effects of Cannabidiol (1981)

Clinical trials with cannabidiol (CBD) in healthy volunteers, isomniacs, and epileptic patients conducted in the authors' laboratory from 1972 up to the present are reviewed. Acute doses of cannabidiol ranging from 10 to 600 mg and chronic administration of 10 mg for 20 days or 3 mg/kg/day for 30 days did not induce psychologic or physical symptoms suggestive of psychotropic or toxic effects; however, several volunteers complained of somnolence. Complementary laboratory tests (EKG, blood pressure, and blood and urine analysis) revealed no sign of toxicity. Doses of 40, 80, and 160 mg cannabidiol were compared to placebo and 5 mg nitrazepam in 15 insomniac volunteers. Subjects receiving 160 mg cannabidiol reported having slept significantly more than those receiving placebo; the volunteers also reported significantly less dream recall; with the three doses of cannabidiol than with placebo. Fifteen patients suffering from secondary generalized epilepsy refractory to known antiepileptic drugs received either 200 to 300 mg cannabidiol daily or placebo for as long as 4.5 months. Seven out of the eight epileptics receiving cannabidiol had improvement of their disease state, whereas only one placebo patient improved.
Antidepressants as analgesics: an overview of central and peripheral mechanisms of action. (2001)

Antidepressants, given systemically, are widely used for the treatment of various chronic and neuropathic pain conditions in humans. In animal studies, antidepressants exhibit analgesic properties in nociceptive, inflammatory and neuropathic test systems, with outcomes depending on the specific agent, the particular test, the route of administration and the treatment method used. Although early studies focused on central (i.e., supraspinal, spinal) actions, more recent studies have demonstrated a local peripheral analgesic effect of antidepressants. These peripheral actions raise the possibility that topical formulations of antidepressants may be a useful alternative drug delivery system for analgesia. Antidepressants exhibit a number of pharmacological actions: they block reuptake of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine, have direct and indirect actions on opioid receptors, inhibit histamine, cholinergic, 5-hydroxytryptamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, inhibit ion channel activity, and block adenosine uptake. The involvement of these mechanisms in both central and peripheral analgesia produced by antidepressants is considered. Data illustrating the preclinical peripheral analgesic actions of antidepressants are presented, as are some aspects of the mechanisms by which these actions occur.