gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scale Transformation of Magnetic "Bubble" Arrays: Coupling of Topological Disorder and Polydispersity (1993)

The evolution of disorder in response to period adaptation in a hexagonal magnetic bubble array is shown to arise from the proliferation of dislocations and to proceed by means of intermediate states of steadily decreasing hexatic order to an amorphous final state. Remarkably, each dislocation core imposes a size adjustment on bubbles decorating its constituent pair of five- and sevenfold coordinated sites. Topological disorder thus induces intrinsic polydispersity and converts the initially unimodal size distribution into a trimodal one. This intimate interplay between geometry and topology provides an explicit mechanism by which structural disorder arises as a result of frustration.
A Survey for Pathogens of Fire Ants, Solenopsis spp., in the Southeastern United States (1977)

D. P. Jouvenaz, G. E. Allen, W. A. Banks, Daniel P. Wojcik, A Survey for Pathogens of Fire Ants, Solenopsis spp., in the Southeastern United States, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Dec., 1977), pp. 275-279
Operating System Concepts, 4th Ed. (1993)

From the Publisher:
The most successful operating systems book is now in its fourth edition. This popular book enhances its reputation for clear coverage of the fundamental concepts which are the foundation of operating systems. Operating System Concepts has been revised to include new and updated information, examples, diagrams and an expanded bibliography. The following are new to this edition: early coverage of light-weight processes and threads; expanded coverage of Memory Management, including modern computer architectures; enhanced realistic discussion of file system design, implementation, and secondary storage management; improved coverage of real time and multiprocessor systems; new coverage of networking as it relates to operating systems; expanded and up-to-date coverage of UNIX and the Mach operating systems; and use of common operating systems, including Sun Solaris 2, MS-DOS, OS/2, Macintosh, in each chapter to illustrate concepts and show performance examples. This edition retains the same high-quality of previous editions, but has expanded coverage of protection and security, and added material on atomic transactions and the two-phase commit protocol. This book is perfect for students of operating systems and for practitioners, such as system programmers, who need an understanding of the design of operating systems and enjoy having examples and projects to work with.
Interleukin-9 and its receptor: involvement in mast cell differentiation and T cell oncogenesis (1995)

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by activated TH2 clones in vitro and during TH2-like T cell responses in vivo. The IL-9 receptor is a member of the hemopoietin receptor superfamily and interacts with the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor for signal transduction. Various observations indicate that IL-9 is actively involved in mast cell responses by inducing the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. The role of IL-9 in T cell responses is less clear. Although freshly isolated normal T cells do not respond to IL-9, this cytokine induces the proliferation of murine T cell lymphomas in vitro and in vivo overexpression of IL-9 results in the development of thymic lymphomas. In the human, the existence of an IL-9-mediated autocrine loop has been suggested for some malignancies such as Hodgkin's disease. Other potential biological targets for IL-9 include B lymphocytes, hematopoietic progenitors, and immature neuronal cell lines.
Four ribose 2'-hydroxyl groups essential for catalytic function of the hairpin ribozyme. (1993)

The hairpin ribozyme catalyzes site-specific cleavage of an RNA substrate using a magnesium-dependent transphosphorylation mechanism. Here, we describe experiments designed to test the importance of ribose 2'-hydroxyl groups for ribozyme function. Ribozymes for this work were synthesized in two segments using solid-phase RNA phosphoramidite chemistry. 2'-Deoxyribonucleotides were systematically introduced at each of the 50 positions within the ribozyme, and the catalytic activity of the resulting mixed RNA-DNA polymers was measured. Deletion of the 2'-hydroxyl group at each of four sites (A10, G11, A24, and C25) was found to result in severe inhibition of cleavage activity (kcat/KM decreased by 100- to 1000-fold), although KM measurements and mobility-shift assays showed that substrate binding was not affected. Identical results were obtained upon substitution of these ribonucleotides with 2'-O-methyl derivatives. Inhibition by 2'-modified sugars at G11 or A24 was rescued by increased Mg2+ concentrations, suggesting that these 2'-hydroxyls may function in magnesium binding. Our results demonstrate that the 2'-hydroxyl groups at A10, G11, A24, and C25 provide essential functions for catalysis, possibly forming important tertiary contacts or magnesium coordination sites that are necessary for active site architecture.
Costimulated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are a feasible and safe alternative donor cell therapy for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2012)

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), a standard relapse treatment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT), has limited efficacy and often triggers GVHD. We hypothesized that after AlloSCT tumor-infiltrating donor lymphocytes could be costimulated ex vivo to preferentially activate/expand antitumor effectors. We tested the feasibility and safety of costimulated, tumor-derived donor lymphocyte (TDL) infusion in a phase 1 trial. Tumor was resected from 8 patients with B-cell malignancy progression post-AlloSCT; tumor cell suspensions were costimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Ab-coated magnetic beads and cultured to generate TDL products for each patient. Costimulation yielded increased proportions of T-bet(+)FoxP3(-) type 1 effector donor T cells. A median of 2.04 × 10(7) TDL/kg was infused; TDLs were well tolerated, notably without GVHD. Two transient positron emission tomography (PET) responses and 2 mixed responses were observed in these refractory tumors. TDL are a feasible, tolerable, and novel donor cell therapy alternative for relapse after AlloSCT.
The synthesis and in vitro testing of a zinc-activated MRI contrast agent (2007)

Zinc(II) plays a vital role in normal cellular function as an essential component of numerous enzymes, transcription factors, and synaptic vesicles. While zinc can be linked to a variety of physiological processes, the mechanisms of its cellular actions are less discernible. Here, we have synthesized and tested a Zn(II)-activated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent in which the coordination geometry of the complex rearranges upon binding of Zn(II). In the absence of Zn(II) water is restricted from binding to a chelated Gd(III) ion by coordinating acetate arms resulting in a low relaxivity of 2.33 mM(-1) x s(-1) at 60 MHz. Upon addition of Zn(II) the relaxivity of the Gd(III)-Zn(II) complex increases to 5.07 mM(-1) x s(-1) and is consistent with one water molecule bound to Gd(III). These results were confirmed by nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion analysis. There was no observed change in relaxivity of the Gd(III) complex when physiologically competing cations Ca(II) and Mg(II) were added. A competitive binding assay gave a dissociation constant of 2.38 x 10(-4) M for the Gd(III)-Zn(II) complex. In vitro magnetic resonance images confirm that Zn(II) concentrations as low as 100 microM can be detected by using this contrast agent.
Robotic radical prostatectomy: long-term outcomes (2008)

Three-dimensional and 10 times magnified vision, precise instrument control, and improved exposure coupled with the tamponade effect associated with the pneumoperitoneum have translated into reproducible improvements in patient comfort, and decreased mortality, blood loss and complications, including bladder neck contracture and deep venous thrombosis. These technical improvements would lead one to believe that improved results with continence, potency and oncologic outcomes should logically follow. Ultimately, long-term outcomes and possibly financial impact will determine the role of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.
Developing a Biased Unmatched Bivalent Ligand (BUmBL) Design Strategy to Target the GPCR Homodimer Allosteric Signaling (cAMP over β-Arrestin 2 Recruitment) Within the Melanocortin Receptors (2018)

Understanding the functional relevance of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) homodimerization has been limited by the insufficient tools to assess asymmetric signaling occurring within dimers comprised of the same receptor type. We present unmatched bivalent ligands (UmBLs) to study the asymmetric function of melanocortin homodimers. UmBLs contain one agonist and one antagonist pharmacophore designed to target a melanocortin homodimer such that one receptor is occupied by an agonist and the other receptor by an antagonist pharmacophore. First-in-class biased UmBLs (BUmBLs) targeting the human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) were discovered. The BUmBLs displayed biased agonism by potently stimulating cAMP signaling (EC<sub>50</sub> ∼ 2-6 nM) but minimally activating the β-arrestin recruitment pathway (≤55% maximum signal at 10 μM). To our knowledge, we report the first single-compound strategy to pharmacologically target melanocortin receptor allosteric signaling that occurs between homodimers that can be applied straightforwardly in vitro and in vivo to other GPCR systems.
CD40 signaling predicts response to preoperative trastuzumab and concomitant paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide in HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer (2007)

CD40 signaling may play a role in determining response to trastuzumab-plus-T/FEC therapy in patients with HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Modelling, decoupling and suppression of MOSFET distortion components (1999)

The author presents an analysis of the dominant distortion components of the drain current of a long-channel MOSFET in non-saturation, which accounts explicitly for the modulation of the inversion layer mobility by transverse electric fields and for all bias and relevant process (SPICE) parameters. This model predicts that if the gate is driven by a linear and by a parabolic signal (α1VD + α2VD2), both derived from the drain signal VD, odd and even distortion components are decoupled and simultaneously suppressed by separately setting the constants α1 and α2 under normal bias conditions. In prior methods, these components are strongly coupled and their suppression requires a delicate body bias or signal (βVD) adjustment to offset the signal-dependent mobility modulation, which is impractical in monolithic applications. These predictions are confirmed by Fourier analysis and by SPICE simulations provided the mobility modulation parameter matches experimental observations.
At least 20% donor myeloid chimerism is necessary to reverse the sickle phenotype after allogeneic HSCT (2017)

Novel curative therapies using genetic transfer of normal globin-producing genes into autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are in clinical trials for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The percentage of transferred globin necessary to cure SCD is currently not known. In the setting of allogeneic nonmyeloablative HSC transplants (HSCTs), stable mixed chimerism is sufficient to reverse the disease. We regularly monitored 67 patients after HSCT. After initially robust engraftment, 3 of these patients experienced declining donor myeloid chimerism (DMC) levels with eventual return of disease. From this we discovered that 20% DMC is necessary to reverse the sickle phenotype. We subsequently developed a mathematical model to test the hypothesis that the percentage of DMC necessary is determined solely by differences between donor and recipient red blood cell (RBC) survival times. In our model, the required 20% DMC can be entirely explained by the large differences between donor and recipient RBC survival times. Our model predicts that the requisite DMC and therefore necessary level of transferred globin is lowest in patients with the highest reticulocyte counts and concomitantly shortened RBC lifespans.
스포츠 일탈로써의 약물복용에 관한 연구 (2001)

The purpose of this study is to have a good grasp of a history and the point at issue of drug use in sport, and to present prevention counterplans of drug use in several aspects. As the point at drug use in sport : First, a physical issue : A drug use in sport give rise to physical anxiety, headache, cardiosclerosis, insomnia, difficulty in breathing, hypertension, jaundice, and such like symptoms through each drug. Second, a mental issue : A drug use in sport induce hallucinosis, tolerance and dependence about drugs. Third, a social, ethical issue : A drug use in sport jeopardize the safety of our society, and menace the social, ethical value and norm of our society. Above all, a drug use menace fair-play, sportsmanship in sport world. As we confirmed above, prevention counterplans of drug use are as follows : First, consciousness convertibility of sport producer : To eradicate sport-deviation such a drug use, first of all, it is in need of consciousness convertibility of player, coach, trainer, association relevant to sport, and such like sport maker. Second, consciousness convertibility of sport consumer : To eradicate sport-deviation such a drug use, sport consumer have to concentrate on performance process of sport game, and pay player`s tribute of praise both winner and loser. Third, education reinforcement about drug use in sport : Sport associations has to educate up-to-date knowledge of a side effect of drug use to players. Lastly, What is most important in sport deviation is systemic effect of government, associations relevant to sport.
Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease (2004)

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis have 2- to 5-fold more coronary artery calcification than age-matched individuals with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. In addition to increased traditional risk factors, CKD patients also have a number of nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors that may play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of arterial calcification, including duration of dialysis and disorders of mineral metabolism. In histological specimens from the inferior epigastric artery of dialysis patients, we have found expression of the osteoblast differentiation factor core binding factor alpha-1 (Cbfa1) and several bone-associated proteins (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen) in both the intima and medial layers when calcification was present. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, the addition of pooled serum from dialysis patients (versus normal healthy controls) accelerated mineralization and increased expression of Cbfa1, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase to a similar magnitude as does beta-glycerophosphate alone. However, a lack of inhibitors of calcification may also be important. Dialysis patients with low levels of serum fetuin-A, a circulating inhibitor of mineralization, have increased coronary artery calcification and fetuin-A can inhibit mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. These data support that elevated levels of phosphorus and/or other potential uremic toxins may play an important role by transforming vascular smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells, which can produce a matrix of bone collagen and noncollagenous proteins. This nidus can then mineralize if the balance of pro-mineralizing factors outweighs inhibitory factors.
Peptide Agonist of the Thrombopoietin Receptor as Potent as the Natural Cytokine (1997)

Two families of small peptides that bind to the human thrombopoietin receptor and compete with the binding of the natural ligand thrombopoietin (TPO) were identified from recombinant peptide libraries. The sequences of these peptides were not found in the primary sequence of TPO. Screening libraries of variants of one of these families under affinity-selective conditions yielded a 14-amino acid peptide (Ile-Glu-Gly-Pro-Thr-Leu-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala) with high affinity (dissociation constant approximately 2 nanomolar) that stimulates the proliferation of a TPO-responsive Ba/F3 cell line with a median effective concentration (EC50) of 400 nanomolar. Dimerization of this peptide by a carboxyl-terminal linkage to a lysine branch produced a compound with an EC50 of 100 picomolar, which was equipotent to the 332-amino acid natural cytokine in cell-based assays. The peptide dimer also stimulated the in vitro proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes from human bone marrow cells and promoted an increase in platelet count when administered to normal mice.
Techniques of Model Based Control with Cdrom (2001)

From the Publisher:
The state-of-the-art publication in model-based process controlby leading experts in the field. 

In Techniques of Model-Based Control, two leading experts bring together powerful advances in model-based control for chemical-process engineering. Coleman Brosilow and Babu Joseph focus on practical approaches designed to solve real-world problems, and they offer extensive examples and exercises. 

Coverage includes: 

The nature of the process-control problem and how model-based solutions help to solve it 
Continuous time modeling: time domain, Laplace domain, and FOPDT models
Feedforward, cascade, override, and single-variable inferential control approaches
One and two degree of freedom Internal Model Control
Model State Feedback and PI/PID Implementations of IMC
Tuning and synthesis of 1DF and 2DF IMC for process uncertainty
Estimation and inferential control using multiple secondary measurements
Basic and advanced techniques of model identification and model-predictive control 


The appendices review the basics of Laplace transforms, feedback control, frequency response analysis, probability, random variables, and linear least-square regression. 

From start to finish, Techniques of Model-Based Control offers the real-world insight that professionals need to identify and implement the best control strategies for virtually any process.
In situ growth of a PEG-like polymer from the C terminus of an intein fusion protein improves pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation (2010)

This paper reports a general in situ method to grow a polymer conjugate solely from the C terminus of a recombinant protein. GFP was fused at its C terminus with an intein; cleavage of the intein provided a unique thioester moiety at the C terminus of GFP that was used to install an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator. Subsequent in situ ATRP of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) yielded a site-specific (C-terminal) and stoichiometric conjugate with high yield and good retention of protein activity. A GFP-C-poly(OEGMA) conjugate (hydrodynamic radius (R(h)): 21 nm) showed a 15-fold increase in its blood exposure compared to the protein (R(h): 3.0 nm) after intravenous administration to mice. This conjugate also showed a 50-fold increase in tumor accumulation, 24 h after intravenous administration to tumor-bearing mice, compared to the unmodified protein. This approach for in situ C-terminal polymer modification of a recombinant protein is applicable to a large subset of recombinant protein and peptide drugs and provides a general methodology for improvement of their pharmacological profiles.
Inhibition Effects of KRDS, a Peptide Derived from Lactotransferrin, on Platelet Function and Arterial Thrombus Formation in Dogs (1992)

KRDS (Lys-Arg-Asp-Ser), a tetrapeptide from human lactotransferrin, was tested for its effects in vitro on dog platelet function and in vivo on femoral arterial thrombus formation in dogs. KRDS inhibited ADP (8 microM)-induced platelet aggregation (IC50: 350 microM) and arachidonic acid (2 mM)-induced thromboxane B2 generation (IC50: 175 microM). In addition, the thrombin (0.2 U/ml)-induced serotonin release was inhibited by KRDS (IC50: 525 microM) and the expression of alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) was also inhibited (IC50: 350 microM). The results show that KRDS is an inhibitor for platelet aggregation and secretion to which the inhibition is more potent. Meanwhile, in the experiment of arterial thrombosis in dogs, KRDS (5 microM/kg) and 125I-SZ-51 (a monoclonal antibody against GMP-140) were injected before operation and immediately after the thrombus formation, respectively. In the KRDS group, the weight of removed thrombi was reduced to 50% of that in controls and the radioactivity per mg of labeled thrombi to 33.3% while in blood the radioactivity increased 2 times that in controls at the 4th hour after the injection of 125I-SZ-51. The radioactivity ratio between removed thrombi and blood was only 16% of that in controls. These results indicate that KRDS can inhibit thrombus formation in vivo and is a promising antithrombotic agent.
Ras -Transformed Cells: Altered Levels of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate and Catabolites (1986)

Steady-state cellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), and inositol phosphates have been measured in two different fibroblast cell lines (NIH 3T3 and NRK cells) before and after transformation with three different ras genes. At high cell density the ratio of DAG to PIP2 was 2.5- to 3-fold higher in the ras-transformed cells than in their untransformed counterparts. The sum of the water-soluble breakdown products of the polyphosphoinositides, inositol-1,4-bisphosphate and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, was also elevated in ras-transformed NRK cells compared with nontransformed NRK cells. These findings suggest that the ras (p21) protein may act by affecting these levels, possibly as a regulatory element in the PIP2 breakdown pathway.
Universal detection in capillary electrophoresis with a micro-interferometric backscatter detector (1999)

An optically simple, inexpensive, micro-volume refractive index detector was applied to capillary electrophoresis (CE), allowing universal solute detection at the sub-picogram level. The micro-interferometric backscatter detector (MIBD) employs direct, side illumination of an unmodified capillary by an He–Ne laser, producing a 360° fan of scattered light that contains a set of high contrast interference fringes. These light and dark spots are viewed on a flat plane in the direct backscatter configuration. A slit–photodetector assembly accomplishes signal interrogation of the time-dependent fringe shifts, produced or imparted by refractive index (RI) changes. Using an unfocused laser beam to prove the unmodified separation capillary produces a detector volume of 4.7 × 10–9 L. The separation and quantification of a mixture of organic dyes and simple sugars demonstrate the system’s utility. Submicromolar concentration detection limits of 0.46, 1.1 and 0.72 µM for Bromothymol Blue, Thymol Blue and Bromocresol Green, respectively, are achievable with CE-MIBD in the simplest configuration. The 3ς RI concentration detection limits are 2.5 times superior to those obtained by UV/VIS detection performed under the same conditions. Several carbohydrates (maltose, lactose and D-ribose) are separable and detectable at the ppm level, using no active thermal stabilization. Further demonstrating the utility of MIBD for universal detection with CE.