gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Pt clusters on State-of-the-Art Supports: A Review (2011)

Instability of supported Pt clusters due to limited bonding with conventional carbon supports and carbon dissolution leads to significant cathode performance losses with time, impeding the development of commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cells. One approach that has recently been gaining momentum is the use of the electrocatalyst support to enhance both the stability and activity of Pt clusters for the oxygen reduction reaction. This review article focuses on four support types: advanced carbons, conductive ceramics, metallic underlayers for Pt monolayer catalysts, and the 3M crystalline organic whiskers. Advantages and disadvantages of each support are summarized and promising future directions for research in this area are discussed.
Can Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Identify the Severity of Shock in Trauma Patients? (2005)

Decreased thenar muscle tissue oxygen saturation reflects the presence of severe hypoperfusion and near-infrared spectroscopy may be a novel method for rapidly and noninvasively assessing changes in tissue dysoxia.
DRAKs, Novel Serine/Threonine Kinases Related to Death-associated Protein Kinase That Trigger Apoptosis (1998)

The present study describes the cloning of two novel serine/threonine kinases termed DRAK1 and DRAK2, whose catalytic domains are related to that of death-associated protein kinase, a serine/threonine kinase involved in apoptosis. Both DRAKs are composed of the N-terminal catalytic domain and the C-terminal domain that is responsible for regulation of kinase activity. DRAK1 and DRAK2 show 59.7% identity and display ubiquitous expression. An <i>in vitro</i> kinase assay revealed that both DRAKs are autophosphorylated and phosphorylate myosin light chain as an exogenous substrate, although the kinase activity of DRAK2 is significantly lower than that of DRAK1. Both DRAKs are exclusively localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of both DRAKs induces the morphological changes of apoptosis in NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting the role of DRAKs in apoptotic signaling.
Analysis of the altered mRNA stability (ams) gene from Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence, transcriptional analysis, and homology of its product to MRP3, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein from Neurospora crassa. (1991)

The product of the altered mRNA stability (ams) gene of Escherichia coli is involved in decay of mRNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 4-kilobase BamHI restriction fragment containing the ams coding sequence was determined. Transcription of the ams gene was analyzed by high resolution S1 mapping. A promoter was found with a homology score of 58% 361 nucleotides upstream from the start codon of ams. The ams structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 2,445 nucleotides. The protein predicted from this open reading frame has a molecular mass of 91,327 Da, which is significantly smaller than that determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Confirmation of the ams coding sequence was obtained by comparing the predicted amino acid sequence with that derived by amino-terminal analysis of gel-purified Ams protein. The predicted protein sequence of the ams gene was screened against translations of the GenBank DNA sequence data base. A homology of 18% over a region of 315 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus of the Ams product was found to MRP3, a mitochondrial ribosomal protein from Neurospora crassa. A smaller region of homology (29% in 86 residues) was found to the human U1 small nuclear ribonucleoparticle 70,000-Da protein.
Proteolysis of factor Va by factor Xa and activated protein C. (1987)

Bovine Factor Va, produced by selective proteolytic cleavage of Factor V by thrombin, consists of a heavy chain (D chain) of Mr = 94,000 and a light chain (E chain) of Mr = 74,000. These peptides are noncovalently associated in the presence of divalent metal ion(s). Each chain is susceptible to proteolysis by activated protein C and by Factor Xa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis indicates that cleavage of the E chain by either activated protein C or Factor Xa yields two major fragments: Mr = 30,000 and Mr = 48,000. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the Mr = 30,000 fragments have identical NH2-terminal sequences and that this sequence corresponds to that of intact E chain. The Mr = 48,000 fragments also have identical NH2-terminal sequences, indicating that activated protein C and Factor Xa cleave the E chain at the same position. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic analysis indicates that activated protein C cleavage of the D chain yields two products: Mr = 70,000 and Mr = 24,000. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that the Mr = 70,000 fragment has the same NH2-terminal sequence as intact D chain, whereas the Mr = 24,000 fragment does not. Factor Xa cleavage of the D chain also yields two products: Mr = 56,000 and Mr = 45,000. The Mr = 56,000 fragment corresponds to the NH2-terminal end of the D chain and Factor V. Functional studies have shown that both chains of Factor Va may be entirely cleaved to products by Factor Xa without loss of activity, whereas activated protein C cleavage results in loss of activity. Since activated protein C and Factor Xa cleave the E chain at the same position, the cleavage of the D chain by activated protein C is responsible for the inactivation of Factor Va.
Ex situ prepared Si nanocrystals embedded in silica glass: Formation and characterization (2004)

In this article we present an alternative approach for the fabrication of silicon nanocrystals (Si–nc) prepared ex situ of the silicon dioxide (SiO2) host matrix. The Si–nc are scratched from porous silicon layers and incorporated into a host spin-on-glass SiO2 based matrix. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy revealed Si–nc of 2–5 nm size. These nanocrystallites exhibit visible room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with a maximum at about 700 nm. The presence of the dopant in the host matrix is shown to induce a blueshift of the PL maxima due to modified surface states of the Si–nc. This approach allows the fabrication of self-supporting samples with very high Si–nc concentrations. A bright photoluminescence at room temperature is obtained on such materials. Finally, strong indication of optical gain at room temperature is shown for samples with high Si–nc concentrations in a phosphorus doped sol gel host matrix.
A Framework for Policy-based Admission Control (2000)

This document is concerned with specifying a framework for providing
policy-based control over admission control decisions. This memo
provides information for the Internet community.
In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Irradiated Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts in Nonobese Diabetic-Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice: A Novel Met Targeting and Assaying Efficacy of Ionizing Radiation (2010)

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a lethal malignancy, and better models to study tumor behavior in vivo are needed for the development ofmore effective therapeutics. Ionizing radiation is a treatment modality that is commonly used in the clinical setting, in particular, for locally confined disease; however, good model systems to study the effect of ionizing radiation in orthotopic tumors have not been established. In an attempt to create clinically relevant models for studying treatments directed against pancreatic cancer, we have defined a methodology to measure the effect of varying doses of radiation in established human pancreatic cancer orthotopic xenografts using two different pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and BXPC3) infected with a lentiviral vector expressing CMV promoter-driven luciferase to allow bioluminescence imaging of live animals in real time. Quantifiable photon emission from luciferase signaling in vivo correlated well with actual tumor growth. Bioluminescence imaging of the established pancreatic xenografts was used to direct delivery of radiation to the orthotopic tumors and minimize off-target adverse effects. Growth delay was observed with schedules in the range of 7.5 Gy in five fractions to 10 Gy in four fractions, whereas doses 3 Gy or higher produced toxic adverse effects. In conclusion, we describe a model in which the effects of ionizing radiation, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, in orthotopic xenografts, can be studied.
Condensed heteroaromatic ring systems. IX Total synthesis of aaptamine. (1986)

A five-step synthesis of aaptamine, a marine alkaloid containing a benzo[d, e][1, 6]naphthyridine ring, from 6, 7-dimethoxy-8-nitro-1(2H)-isoquinolone was accomplished in satisfactory yield. As a basis for the above synthesis, a facile preparation of 6, 7-dimethozy-1(2H)-isoquinolones from 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehydes was developed using the palladium-catalyzed reaction of o-bromobenzaldehyde derivatives with trimethylsilylacetylene as a key reaction.
Characterization of the human T cell response to in vitro CD27 costimulation with varlilumab (2015)

Altogether, the data reveal the requirements and T cell subtype-specific effects of CD27 costimulation, and helps select relevant biomarkers for studying the effects of varlilumab in patients.
A low dose euglycemic infusion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I rapidly suppresses fasting-enhanced pulsatile growth hormone secretion in humans. (1993)

To determine if insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) inhibits pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion in man, recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) was infused for 6 h at 10 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 during a euglycemic clamp in 10 normal men who were fasted for 32 h to enhance GH secretion. Saline alone was infused during an otherwise identical second admission as a control. As a result of rhIGF-I infusion, total and free IGF-I concentrations increased three- and fourfold, respectively. Mean GH concentrations fell from 6.3 +/- 1.6 to 0.59 +/- 0.07 micrograms/liter after 120 min. GH secretion rates, calculated by a deconvolution algorithm, decreased with a t 1/2 of 16.6 min and remained suppressed thereafter. Suppression of GH secretion rates occurred within 60 min when total and free IGF-I concentrations were 1.6-fold and 2-fold above baseline levels, respectively, and while glucose infusion rates were < 1 mumol.kg-1.min-1. During saline infusion, GH secretion rates remained elevated. Infusion of rhIGF-I decreased the mass of GH secreted per pulse by 84% (P < 0.01) and the number of detectable GH secretory pulses by 32% (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin and glucagon decreased to nearly undetectable levels after 60 min of rhIGF-I. Serum free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate were unaffected during the first 3 h of rhIGF-I but decreased thereafter to 52, 32, and 50% of levels observed during saline. We conclude that fasting-enhanced GH secretion is rapidly suppressed by a low-dose euglycemic infusion of rhIGF-I. This effect of rhIGF-I is likely mediated through IGF-I receptors independently of its insulin-like metabolic actions.
Energy band-gap bowing parameter in an AlxGa1−x N alloy (1987)

Optical measurements are performed near the fundamental absorption edge for single-crystal AlxGa1−x N epitaxial layers in the composition range of 0≤x≤0.4. The dependence of the energy band gap on composition is found to deviate downwards from linearity, the bowing parameter being b=1.0±0.3 eV. The origin of the large bowing is discussed in terms of the pseudopotential of Al and Ga based on the pseudopotential of the Heine–Abarenkov type. With increasing x the absorption edges broaden, which is attributed to the increase of the compositional nonuniformity.
Vaccination with dengue virus-like particles induces humoral and cellular immune responses in mice (2011)

Mammalian cell expressed dengue VLPs are capable to induce VLP-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and being a promising subunit vaccine candidate for prevention of dengue virus infection.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of bovine lactotransferrin (1991)

The screening of a bovine submaxillary gland cDNA library yielded 25 clones coding for bovine lactotransferrin. The nucleotide sequence of the longest insert contained a protein-coding region of 2115 nucleotides and a 3' non-coding region of 194 nucleotides followed by a poly(A) tract of about 55 nucleotides. The predicted peptide sequence included a 16-amino-acid signal sequence upstream of the first amino acid of the native protein. The identity of the clone was confirmed by matching the amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA with the N-terminal and tryptic peptide sequences derived from purified bovine milk lactotransferrin, and also by similarity with human and murine lactotransferrins. The cDNA described corresponds to a 705-amino-acid-long preprotein that lacks the start methionine. The sequence of the secreted protein is 689 amino acids long and contains five potential glycosylation sites. Bovine lactotransferrin is 69% and 64% identical to human and murine lactotransferrins, respectively.
IDENTITY OF MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN FROM MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HUMAN CONTROL BRAINS: DISCOVERY OF A GENETIC VARIANT1 (1978)

Abstract— Myelin basic protein was isolated from the brains of 7 multiple sclerosis and 5 control patients. When acid extracts of the delipidated brains were chromatographed on carboxymethylcellulose at alkaline pH the elution profiles were the same for the two groups of patients. Component I, the most basic species of the protein, from 2 multiple sclerosis and one control brains was fragmented by limited pepsin digestion. Tryptic peptide maps were prepared from the three major products, fragment 1–38, 39–89 plus 45–89 and 90–170. The amino acid compositions of corresponding peptides were identical except for a 50:50 substitution of serine for glycine in tryptic peptide 44–49 from one (N.L.) of the 2 patients with multiple sclerosis. Peptide 44–49. isolated from intact component 1 from the other 6 multiple sclerosis and 5 control brains, did not show this substitution. In both multiple sclerosis and control basic proteins phosphorus was present only in fragment 90–170 of component 3 in the amount of 0.22 mol of phosphorus/mol of protein. These data suggest that there is no difference in either the amino acid sequence or in the modification of basic protein from control and multiple sclerosis patients. The amino acid substitution in patient N.L. represents the first example of a mutation in basic protein.
Direct DNA immunization of mice with plasmid DNA encoding the tegument protein pp65 (ppUL83) of human cytomegalovirus induces high levels of circulating antibody to the encoded protein. (1995)

The 65 kDa tegument protein (pp65 or rather ppUL83) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been shown to be a major cytotoxic T-lymphocyte target during natural infection, and thus appears to be an appropriate candidate to be evaluated as a component of a HCMV polynucleotide vaccine. We have constructed expression vectors pH beta-pp65, in which pp65 expression is under the control of human beta-actin promoter, and pCMVint-pp65, in which pp65 expression is driven by the HCMV immediate-early promoter along with the intron A. These construct DNAs were utilized for the intramuscular injection into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice. Approximately 60% of the mice showed the presence of anti-pp65 antibodies following the second DNA inoculation with 100 micrograms of plasmid DNA. The anti-pp65 antibody titer was higher in the group of mice that was injected with pCMVint-pp65 plasmid DNA compared to the group that was injected with pH beta-pp65 DNA, presumably due to a higher level of pp65 expression using the former plasmid.
Double predictor differential pulse code modulation algorithm for image data compression (1993)

A new algorithm for designing differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) systems is presented for image data compression. When transmitting images over noiseless channels, the distortion between the original and reconstructed images results primarily from quantization noise. This is true when optimal predictor structures are employed. The quantization error becomes severe at low bit rates. This is because of the large quantization error being directly fed back into the predictor and used in subsequent estimation of future pixels. The DPCM scheme developed attempts to balance between nonoptimal predictor designs and significantly reduced feedback effects resulting from quantization errors with the objective of maximizing reconstructed image quality. DPCM system performance using the algorithm is about 2.5 dB greater than that obtained from an optimally designed conventional system. In addition, the algorithm is robust. Thus, the DPCM predictor does not need to be redesigned using exact statistics of the input image data for each image to be transmitted.
Epiligrin, the major human keratinocyte integrin ligand, is a target in both an acquired autoimmune and an inherited subepidermal blistering skin disease. (1992)

Epiligrin, the major component of human keratinocyte extracellular matrix, serves as the preferred integrin ligand for alpha 3 beta 1 in plasma membranes and focal adhesions, and colocalizes with alpha 6 beta 4 in hemidesmosomes. In human skin, epiligrin is found in the lamina lucida subregion of epidermal basement membrane, where it is thought to be associated with anchoring filaments. We have identified three patients with an acquired mucosal predominant subepidermal blistering disease who have IgG anti-basement membrane autoantibodies that bind the lamina lucida/lamina densa interface of epidermal basement membrane, stain cultured human keratinocyte extracellular matrix, and immunoprecipitate disulfide linked polypeptides of 170, 145, 125, and 95 kD in human keratinocyte culture media in a pattern identical to that of P1E1, a murine monoclonal antiepiligrin antibody. Comparative immunoprecipitation studies of patient sera, P1E1, and GB3 monoclonal antibody show that epiligrin is identical to the antigen (i.e., BM600 or GB3 antigen) previously reported to be absent from the skin of patients with lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa, an inherited subepidermal blistering disease. Moreover, skin from a fetus with this disease shows no evidence of reactivity to patient antiepiligrin autoantibodies or P1E1. These studies show that antiepiligrin autoantibodies are a specific marker for a novel autoimmune blistering disease and that the epidermal basement membrane antigen absent in patients with lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa is epiligrin.
Aldosterone-Receptor Deficiency in Pseudohypoaldosteronism (1985)

Pseudohypoaldosteronism, a syndrome characterized by salt wasting and failure to thrive, usually presents in infancy as high urinary levels of sodium despite hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperreninemia, and elevated aldosterone levels. We have investigated this syndrome for the possibility of abnormal Type I or "mineralocorticoid-like" receptors, which have intrinsic steroid specificity indistinguishable from that of renal mineralocorticoid receptors and are found in many tissues and cells, including mononuclear leukocytes. We have studied three patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism: the 28-year-old index case in Melbourne (Patient 1) and two siblings in Munich, eight and two years of age (Patients 2 and 3); clinically, Patient 3 had a less severe case than his sister. Percoll-separated control monocytes bound [3H]aldosterone with high affinity (Kd approximately 3 nM) and limited capacity (150 to 600 sites per cell). On repeated examination, no [3H]aldosterone binding was found in monocytes from Patients 1 and 2; in Patient 3, the levels were 62 sites per cell, more than 2 S.D. below those of the control. Levels in the parents of the Munich patients (first cousins) were normal. It appears that pseudohypoaldosteronism is caused by a Type I receptor defect, that the defect may be complete or partial, that transmission may be autosomal recessive, and that the study of patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism may indicate physiologic roles for Type I receptors in nonepithelial tissues.
Peptides from the amino terminal mdm-2-binding domain of p53, designed from conformational analysis, are selectively cytotoxic to transformed cells (2001)

We have synthesized three peptides from the mdm-2 binding domain of human p53, residues 12-26 (PPLSQETFSDLWKLL), residues 12-20, and 17-26. To enable transport of the peptides across the cell membrane and at the same time to maximize the active mdm-2 binding alpha-helical conformation for these peptides, each was attached at its carboxyl terminus to the penetratin sequence, KKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG, that contains many positively charged residues that stabilize an alpha-helix when present on its carboxyl terminal end. All three peptides were cytotoxic to human cancer cells in culture, whereas a control, unrelated peptide attached to the same penetratin sequence had no effect on these cell lines. The same three cytotoxic peptides had no effect on the growth of normal cells, including human cord blood-derived stem cells. These peptides were as effective in causing cell death in p53-null cancer cells as in those having mutant or normal p53. Peptide-induced cell death is not accompanied by expression of apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bax and waf(p21). Based on these findings, we conclude that the antiproliferative effects of these p53-derived peptides are not completely dependent on p53 activity and may prove useful as general anticancer agents.
Searching for MobileNetV3 (2019)

We present the next generation of MobileNets based on a combination of complementary search techniques as well as a novel architecture design. MobileNetV3 is tuned to mobile phone CPUs through a combination of hardware-aware network architecture search (NAS) complemented by the NetAdapt algorithm and then subsequently improved through novel architecture advances. This paper starts the exploration of how automated search algorithms and network design can work together to harness complementary approaches improving the overall state of the art. Through this process we create two new MobileNet models for release: MobileNetV3-Large and MobileNetV3-Small which are targeted for high and low resource use cases. These models are then adapted and applied to the tasks of object detection and semantic segmentation. For the task of semantic segmentation (or any dense pixel prediction), we propose a new efficient segmentation decoder Lite Reduced Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (LR-ASPP). We achieve new state of the art results for mobile classification, detection and segmentation. MobileNetV3-Large is 3.2% more accurate on ImageNet classification while reducing latency by 20% compared to MobileNetV2. MobileNetV3-Small is 6.6% more accurate compared to a MobileNetV2 model with comparable latency. MobileNetV3-Large detection is over 25% faster at roughly the same accuracy as MobileNetV2 on COCO detection. MobileNetV3-Large LRASPP is 34% faster than MobileNetV2 R-ASPP at similar accuracy for Cityscapes segmentation.