gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrin Glue Fixation in Forehead Endoscopy: Evaluation of Our Experience with 206 Cases (1997)

The endoscopic approach has totally replaced the bicoronal approach for the treatment of forehead aging in our practice since November of 1993. The fixation in proper position is obtained with fibrin glue. Results of a series of 206 procedures performed in 196 patients are presented. Eyebrow positioning and muscle weakening were rated on a scale of 1 to 4. The evaluation has been made at a minimal follow-up time of 6 months. The comparison of the results between the first series of 28 patients during the first 6 months of our experience and the second series of 69 patients during the following period showed a significant increase in the number of excellent results (from 47 to 78 percent). Altogether, the satisfactory results (rated excellent or good) increased from 71 to 86 percent. Fibrin glue provides a stable fixation with the possibility of displacement in several directions, including transversal expansion. Complications have been minimal. Secondary procedures and association with other facial operations have been analyzed.
Structure-Activity Relationships of (±)-Cucurbic Acid Analogs on the Root Growth of Rice Seedlings and Height of Young Corn Plants (1992)

ククルビン酸のすべての立体異性体および種々の類縁体をラセミ体にて立体選択的に合成し, 構造活性相関の解明ならびに農業上実用可能な植物生長調節剤の探索を目的として, これら化合物について水稲の幼苗根およびトウモロコシの草丈の成長に対する阻害活性を調べた. その結果, 水稲の幼苗根の成長阻害活性を高めるククルビン酸類縁体の化学構造要因として, 1) 1位と2位の置換様式がシスであること, さらに, 2) 3位の水酸基, 3) (Z)-2′-petenyl あるいはbutyl基に代表される2位の alkenyl あるいは alkyl 置換基, および, 4) 1位の methyl acetate 置換基が重要であることが解明された. 水稲の幼苗根の成長阻害活性において, ククルビン酸類縁体の中で, 相当する3-oxo体である, ジャスモン酸メチルあるいはエピジャスモン酸メチルに勝るものはなかったが, 茎葉処理によるトウモロコシ草丈の成長阻害活性においては, これらの化合物と同等あるいは若干強い活性を示す化合物がいくつか見い出された. これにより, より実用的な茎葉処理においては, 3位がケトンであるより水酸基のほうが, また, 2位の置換基が alkenyl よりも alkyl 基のほうが活性発現に適していると推測された.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Antibody-Induced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Plays a Prominent Role in Inhibiting Tumorigenesis, Even of Tumor Cells Insensitive to EGFR Signaling Inhibition (2011)

Abstract Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is recognized as a prominent cytotoxic mechanism for therapeutic mAbs in vitro. However, the contribution of ADCC to in vivo efficacy, particularly for treatment of solid tumors, is still poorly understood. For zalutumumab, a therapeutic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific mAb currently in clinical development, previous studies have indicated signaling inhibition and ADCC induction as important therapeutic mechanisms of action. To investigate the in vivo role of ADCC, a panel of EGFR-specific mAbs lacking specific functionalities was generated. By comparing zalutumumab with mAb 018, an EGFR-specific mAb that induced ADCC with similar potency, but did not inhibit signaling, we observed that ADCC alone was insufficient for efficacy against established A431 xenografts. Interestingly, however, both zalutumumab and mAb 018 prevented tumor formation upon early treatment in this model. Zalutumumab and mAb 018 also completely prevented outgrowth of lung metastases, in A431 and MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN experimental metastasis models, already when given at nonsaturating doses. Finally, tumor growth of mutant KRAS-expressing A431 tumor cells, which were resistant to EGFR signaling inhibition, was completely prevented by early treatment with zalutumumab and mAb 018, whereas ADCC-crippled N297Q-mutated variants of both mAbs did not show any inhibitory effects. In conclusion, ADCC induction by EGFR-specific mAbs represents an important mechanism of action in preventing tumor outgrowth or metastasis in vivo, even of cancers insensitive to EGFR signaling inhibition.
Intensity characteristics of inversionless lasers from induced atomic coherence (1994)

We analyze a laser system consisting of N closed three-level atoms confined in a single-mode cavity and derive the conditions for the onset of lasing without inversion or with inversion. We calculate the steady-state gain and lasing in the system and show that far above the lasing threshold, depending on the pumping and decay rates, the inversionless laser may operate in three different regimes, where the intensity of the laser depends linearly on N, is proportional to \ensuremath{\surd}N , or independent of N.
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in a Prospective Cohort of Middle-Aged Men (1995)

In a prospective cohort of healthy middle-aged men, the presence of a high aCL antibody level is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction or cardiac death. Antibodies to cardiolipin and oxidized LDL may, at least in part, represent cross-reactive antibody populations.
[Phospholipase A2 activity in human platelets. Isolation and purification of the enzyme]. (1991)

The activity of phospholipase A2 in blood platelets of healthy donors and IHD patients was examined. The enzyme activity was found to be increased 3-fold in platelets possessing a high level of functional activity (IHD) and by one order of magnitude in patients with myocardial infarction as compared with healthy donors. An enzyme preparation possessing a phospholipase activity was isolated from platelets by using salt extraction (KCl) and sonication. Purification of the enzyme by affinity chromatography resulted in two protein peaks both having a phospholipase A2 activity, the purification and molecular masses of these fractions being 768- and 2200-fold, and 13.5 and 15 kDa, respectively. It was supposed that these proteins are substrate-specific forms of phospholipase A2.
Chimeric phage-bacterial enzymes: a clue to the modular evolution of genes. (1990)

Pneumococcal peptidoglycan amidase (N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, EC 3.5.1.28) and phage CPL1 lysozyme degrade a common substrate (choline-containing pneumococcal cell walls); the former hydrolyzes the bond between muramic acid and alanine, whereas the latter breaks down the linkage between muramic acid and glucosamine. The amino acid sequences of their C-terminal domains are homologous. Chimeric genes were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis: a unique SnaBI restriction site in the cpl1 gene, coding for the phage lysozyme, was introduced at a location equivalent to the SnaBI site present in the lytA gene, which codes for the pneumococcal amidase. The resulting genes expressed lytic activities at levels similar to those of the parental genes. The gene products, which have been purified to electrophoretical homogeneity, exhibited unusual combined biochemical properties--e.g., by exchange of protein domains, we have switched the regulatory properties of these enzymes without altering their catalytic activities. Chimeric gene construction in Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages is an excellent model to study the modular organization of genes and proteins and to help to establish evolutionary relationships between phage and bacteria. These constructions provide an experimental approach to the molecular processes involved in cassette recruitment during evolution and contribute support to the concept of bacteria as adaptable chimeras.
Tumor rejection by in vivo administration of anti-CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha) monoclonal antibody. (1999)

Immune regulation has been shown to be involved in the progressive growth of some murine tumors. In this study, we demonstrated that a single in vivo administration of an amount less than 0.125 mg of anti-CD25 interleukin 2 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb; PC61) caused the regression of tumors that grew progressively in syngeneic mice. The tumors used were five leukemias, a myeloma, and two sarcomas derived from four different inbred mouse strains. Anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) showed an effect in six of the eight tumors. Administration of anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) caused a reduction in the number of CD4+ CD25+ cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. The findings suggested that CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory cells were involved in the growth of those tumors. Kinetic analysis showed that the administration of anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) later than day 2 after tumor inoculation caused no tumor regression, irrespective of depletion of CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory cells. Two leukemias, on which the PC61-treatment had no effect, seemed to be incapable of eliciting effective rejection responses in the recipient mice because of low or no antigenicity.
A New PTS OFDM Scheme with Low Complexity for PAPR Reduction (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a new partial transmit sequence (PTS) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme with low computational complexity. In the proposed scheme, 2/sup n/-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is divided into two parts. An input symbol sequence is partially transformed using the first l stages of IFFT into an intermediate signal sequence and the intermediate signal sequence is partitioned into a number of intermediate signal subsequences. Then, the remaining n-l stages of IFFT are applied to each of the intermediate signal subsequences and the resulting signal subsequences are summed after being multiplied by each member of a set of W rotating vectors to yield W distinct OFDM signal sequences. The one with the lowest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) among these OFDM signal sequences is selected for transmission. The new PTS OFDM scheme reduces the computational complexity while it shows almost the same performance of PAPR reduction as that of the conventional PTS OFDM scheme.
Studying host cell protein interactions with monoclonal antibodies using high throughput protein A chromatography (2012)

Protein A chromatography is typically used as the initial capture step in the purification of monoclonal antibodies produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Although exploiting an affinity interaction for purification, the level of host cell proteins in the protein A eluent varies significantly with different feedstocks. Using a batch binding chromatography method, we performed a controlled study to assess host cell protein clearance across both MabSelect Sure and Prosep vA resins. We individually spiked 21 purified antibodies into null cell culture fluid generated with a non-producing cell line, creating mock cell culture fluids for each antibody with an identical composition of host cell proteins and antibody concentration. We demonstrated that antibody-host cell protein interactions are primarily responsible for the variable levels of host cell proteins in the protein A eluent for both resins when antibody is present. Using the additives guanidine HCl and sodium chloride, we demonstrated that antibody-host cell protein interactions may be disrupted, reducing the level of host cell proteins present after purification on both resins. The reduction in the level of host cell proteins differed between antibodies suggesting that the interaction likely varies between individual antibodies but encompasses both an electrostatic and hydrophobic component.
Fast and effective retrieval of medical tumor shapes (1998)

Investigates the problem of retrieving similar shapes from a large database; in particular, we focus on medical tumor shapes (finding tumors that are similar to a given pattern). We use a natural similarity function for shape matching, based on concepts from mathematical morphology, and we show how it can be lower-bounded by a set of shape features for safely pruning candidates, thus giving fast and correct output. These features can be organized in a spatial access method, leading to fast indexing for range queries and nearest-neighbor queries. In addition to the lower-bounding, our second contribution is the design of a fast algorithm for nearest-neighbor searching, achieving significant speedup while provably guaranteeing correctness. Our experiments demonstrate that roughly 90% of the candidates can be pruned using these techniques, resulting in up to 27 times better performance compared to sequential scanning.
Image formation by nuclear magnetic resonance: The sensitive-point method (1976)

An image formation method, using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, has been developed which provides direct and detailed information on the interior details of heterogeneous samples. Time-dependent magnetic field gradients are used to limit and control the region of spatial sensitivity of a standard pulsed NMR spectrometer. A continuous string of intense phase-alternated rf pulses is used to provide a continuous monitor of the nuclear magnetization. The image is produced by directly plotting the phase-detected resonance signal on a xy plotter as the limited region of spectrometer sensitivity is scanned through the sample. An analysis of the method in terms of the phenomenological Bloch equations, a description of the experimental method, and a representative selection of images are presented. A spatial resolution of about 0.3 mm has been achieved.
Repair of cross-linked DNA and survival of Escherichia coli treated with psoralen and light: effects of mutations influencing genetic recombination and DNA metabolism (1978)

Repair of cross-linked DNA was studied in Escherichia coli strains carrying mutations affecting DNA metabolism. In wild-type cells, DNA strands cut during cross-link removal were rejoined during a subsequent incubation into high-molecular-weight molecules. This rejoining was dependent on gene products involved in genetic recombination. A close correlation was found relating recombination proficiency, the rate of strand rejoining, and formation of viable progeny after DNA cross-linking by treatment with psoralen and light. Wild-type cells and other mutants which were Rec+ (sbcB, recL, recL sbcB, recB recC sbcA, recB recC sbcB, xthA1, and xthA11) rejoined cut DNA strands at a rate of 0.8 +/- 0.1 min -1 at 37 degrees C and survived 53 to 71 cross-links per chromosome. recB, recC, recB recC, recF, or polA strains showed reduced rates of strand rejoining and survived 4 to 13 cross-links per chromosome. Recombination-deficient strains (recA, recB recC sbcB recF, recB recL) and lexA failed to rejoin DNA strands after crosslink removal and were unable to form colonies after treatments producing as few as one to two cross-links per chromosome. Strand rejoining occurred normally in cells with mutations affecting DNA replication (dnaA, danB, dnaG, and dnaE) under both permissive and nonpermissive conditions for chromosome replication. In a polA polB dnaE strain strand rejoining occurred at 32 degree C but not at 42 degree C, indicating that some DNA synthesis was required for formation of intact recombinant molecules.
Chronic Ethanol Increases Adeno–Associated Viral Transgene Expression in Rat Liver Via Oxidant and NfκB–Dependent Mechanisms (2000)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) transduction is limited in vivo, yet can be enhanced by hydroxyurea, ultraviolet-irradiation, or adenovirus coinfection, possibly via mechanisms involving stress in the host cell. Because chronic ethanol induces oxidative stress, it was hypothesized that chronic ethanol would increase rAAV transduction in vivo. To test this hypothesis, rAAV encoding beta-galactosidase was given to Wistar rats that later received either ethanol diet or high-fat control diet via an enteral-feeding protocol for 3 weeks. Expression and activity of beta-galactosidase in the liver were increased nearly 5-fold by ethanol. The increase in transgene expression was inhibited by antioxidant diphenylene iodonium (DPI), which is consistent with the hypothesis that ethanol causes an increase in rAAV transduction via oxidative stress. Ethanol increased DNA synthesis only slightly; however, it increased the nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NFkappaB) 4-fold, a phenomenon also sensitive to DPI. Moreover, a 6-fold increase in rAAV transgene expression was observed in an acute ischemia-reperfusion model of oxidative stress. Transgene expression was transiently increased 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion 3 days and 3 weeks after rAAV infection. Further, adenoviral expression of superoxide dismutase or IkappaBalpha superrepressor inhibited rAAV transgene expression caused by ischemia-reperfusion. Therefore, it is concluded that ethanol increases rAAV transgene expression via mechanisms dependent on oxidative stress, and NFkappaB likely through enhancement of cytomegaloviral (CMV) promoter elements. Alcoholic liver disease is an attractive target for gene therapy because consumption of ethanol could theoretically increase expression of therapeutic genes (e.g., superoxide dismutase). Moreover, this study has important implications for rAAV gene therapy and potential enhancement and regulation of transgene expression in liver.
Pancreas in recent onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Changes in HLA, adhesion molecules and autoantigens, restricted T cell receptor V beta usage, and cytokine profile. (1994)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in which only the pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the autoimmune response, is the paradigm of organ-specific autoimmunity. As a result of a combination of factors, the number of immunohistologic/cellular/molecular studies of pancreas in IDDM is very limited. We report here studies conducted in the pancreata of two IDDM patients: one newly diagnosed (case 1) and one long standing (case 2). In case 1, we demonstrated the presence of morphologically normal viable beta cells without evidence of viral infection. In both cases the expression of the autoantigens defined by islet cell Abs and by glutamic acid decarboxylase was markedly reduced in the islet cells whereas expression of hsp60, another putative autoantigen, was normal. Over-expression of HLA class I was detected in 58% of the islets in pancreatic sections and in cultured beta cells in case 1 and also in 30% of islets in case 2 but it was not restricted to any insular cell type. In case 1, there was "inappropriate" HLA class II expression in islets cells but it was a rare finding and not beta cell specific. The analysis of the correlation between class I overexpression, residual insulin, and insulitis suggests that the first event is the increase of HLA class I expression. Of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1, VLA, VCAM, and LFA-3 were normal and only ICAM-1 was moderately overexpressed in and around the islets of case 1 insulitis, as was detected by immunofluorescence which showed that 18% of the islets of case 1 had CD8+ lymphocytes as the predominant population. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated moderate V beta skewing and the profile of cytokines expected in CTLs: IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma negative, perforin positive. In addition, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-6 transcripts were detected in the case 1 pancreas, consistent with the existence of a silent viral infection. Overall, the results indicated that, differently from spontaneous animal models of diabetes, in the pancreas of IDDM patients there are no elements of the inductive phase of the autoimmune response.
Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies (2012)

16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) amplicon analysis remains the standard approach for the cultivation-independent investigation of microbial diversity. The accuracy of these analyses depends strongly on the choice of primers. The overall coverage and phylum spectrum of 175 primers and 512 primer pairs were evaluated in silico with respect to the SILVA 16S/18S rDNA non-redundant reference dataset (SSURef 108 NR). Based on this evaluation a selection of 'best available' primer pairs for Bacteria and Archaea for three amplicon size classes (100-400, 400-1000, ≥ 1000 bp) is provided. The most promising bacterial primer pair (S-D-Bact-0341-b-S-17/S-D-Bact-0785-a-A-21), with an amplicon size of 464 bp, was experimentally evaluated by comparing the taxonomic distribution of the 16S rDNA amplicons with 16S rDNA fragments from directly sequenced metagenomes. The results of this study may be used as a guideline for selecting primer pairs with the best overall coverage and phylum spectrum for specific applications, therefore reducing the bias in PCR-based microbial diversity studies.
Asymptotic properties of affected-sib-pair linkage analysis. (1993)

The likelihood-ratio method for affected-sib-pair analysis, introduced by Risch, is a powerful method for detecting linkage when the marker is not perfectly polymorphic, as is often the case. The power of this method can be improved by restricting maximization to the set of possible haplotype-sharing probabilities--denoted the "possible triangle" method. The asymptotic distributions of the resulting distributions are derived, enabling test criteria to be found for any required test size (i.e., the probability of falsely detecting linkage when none exists) and enabling p values to be assigned to results. The criteria were found to be approximately constant when the PIC of the marker varies, making them applicable to any marker. The asymptotic power approximations were used to investigate the relative performance of pairs with typed parents, relative to those without, by comparing the sample sizes necessary for a given power. Under certain circumstances, typing the parents proved to be inefficient, even when PIC was low.
Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (2002)

After intravitreal injections of 25 mg of triamcinolone acetonide, an IOP elevation can develop in about 50% of eyes, starting about 1-2 months after the injection. In the vast majority, IOP can be normalised by topical medication, and returns to normal values without further medication about 6 months after the injection.
Interferon‐γ is required during the initiation of an organ‐specific autoimmune disease (1996)

Autoimmune gastritis induced by neonatal thymectomy of mice is a CD4+ T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease. The characteristic features of autoimmune gastritis, which include a mononuclear infiltrate within the gastric mucosa, loss of parietal and chief cells and circulating autoantibodies to the gastric H+/K+ ATPase, appear 6-10 weeks after thymectomy. Here we have assessed the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the pathogenesis of the gastric lesion. Splenic T cells derived from mice with gastritis produced three- to tenfold more IFN-gamma than T cells from normal animals after stimulation with anti-CD3 antibodies. Treatment of neonatally thymectomized mice at weekly intervals for 6 or 12 weeks with a neutralizing rat monoclonal antibody to mouse IFN-gamma abolished the production of anti-gastric autoantibodies and decreased the incidence of gastric mononuclear infiltrates from the 69% observed in normal rat immunoglobulin (Ig)-injected mice to 16%. Further, in mice treated with only a single dose of anti-IFN-gamma immediately after thymectomy at 3 days after birth, the incidence of autoimmune gastritis was 1/19 compared to 8/19 in normal rat Ig-injected mice. Prevention of autoimmunity by neutralization of IFN-gamma several weeks prior to the detection of a pathological lesion strongly suggests that IFN-gamma plays an essential role in the initiation of the gastric autoimmune response.
On the construction of maximal prefix-synchronized codes (1996)

We present a systematic procedure for mapping data sequences into codewords of a prefix-synchronized code (PS-code), as well as for performing the inverse mapping. A PS-code, proposed by Gilbert (1960), belongs to a subclass of comma-free codes and is useful to recover word synchronization when errors have occurred in the stream of codewords. A PS-code is defined as a set of codewords with the property that each codeword has a known sequence as a prefix, followed by a coded data sequence in which this prefix is not allowed to occur. The largest PS-code among all PS-codes of the same code length is called a maximal prefix-synchronized code (MPS-code). We develop an encoding and decoding algorithm for Gilbert's MPS-code with a prefix of the form 11...10 and extend the algorithm to the class PS-codes of which the prefix is self-uncorrelated. The computational complexity of the entire mapping process is proportional to the length of the codewords.