gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and function of the insulin receptor substrate proteins in cancer (2009)

The Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that function as essential signaling intermediates downstream of activated cell surface receptors, many of which have been implicated in cancer. The IRS proteins do not contain any intrinsic kinase activity, but rather serve as scaffolds to organize signaling complexes and initiate intracellular signaling pathways. As common intermediates of multiple receptors that can influence tumor progression, the IRS proteins are positioned to play a pivotal role in regulating the response of tumor cells to many different microenvironmental stimuli. Limited studies on IRS expression in human tumors and studies on IRS function in human tumor cell lines and in mouse models have provided clues to the potential function of these adaptor proteins in human cancer. A general theme arises from these studies; IRS-1 and IRS-4 are most often associated with tumor growth and proliferation and IRS-2 is most often associated with tumor motility and invasion. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which IRS expression and function are regulated and how the IRS proteins contribute to tumor initiation and progression.
Sequential Passages of Human Rotavirus in MA‐104 Cells (1981)

Starting with a small amount of diarrheal feces containing human rotavirus (HRV), we succeeded in propagation of the virus using the roller culture technique with MA-104 cells. Furthermore, we made a successful adaptation of HRV to a stationary culture and developed a plaque assay for the cell culture-adapted viruses. The 3 culture-adapted virus isolates, KU, YO, and 44 produced plaques (about 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter) under the overlay medium consisting of 0.6% purified agar, 3 micrograms of acetyl trypsin/ml and 50 micrograms of DEAE-dextran/ml. Subsequent plaque purification resulted in the formation of clear, larger plaques. It was shown from the results of cross neutralization tests using the fluorescent focus reduction method that the three culture-adapted HRV isolates were clearly different antigenically from ovine rotavirus (NCDV) and, further, that a noticeable difference in antigenicity also existed among the HRV isolates.
A Potential Role for the Major Iron-Regulated Protein Expressed by Pathogenic Neisseria Species (1988)

Several iron-regulated proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis have been reported. One of these, a 37,000-dalton protein is the major iron-regulated protein (MIRP) and appears to be common among all gonococcal and meningococcal isolates. This protein was purified from both N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis and was found to contain approximately 1 mole of Fe /mole of protein. Sera from patients with gonococcal infections contained antibodies to the MIRP. Thus, the MIRP is expressed in vivo. The iron-binding nature of the MIRP suggests that it may have a role in iron acquisition by the pathogenic Neisseria species and, therefore, may have a function in their pathogenicity.
Association between activation of ErbB pathway genes and survival following gefitinib treatment in advanced BAC (SWOG 0126) (2004)

7015 Background: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and its variants are subtypes of pulmonary adenocarcinoma characterized by in situ growth along alveolar septae. We have previously shown (Franklin: ASCO, 2003) that BAC expresses both ErbB1 (EGFR) and ErbB2 (HER2) and exhibits activation of downstream signaling pathways reflected in phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK (Erk1/2). We hypothesized that biologic correlates of ErbB pathways in patient tumor tissue would predict benefit from Gefitinib in patients with BAC treated on S0126. Methods: Paraffin sections from 68 chemo-naïve and 31 previously treated patients were evaluated for the presence of tumor, cell type, grade, stromal invasion, mucin production, ErbB1, ErbB2, Ki-67, as well as pMAPK and pAKT, nuclear (N) and cytoplasmic (C). Each cell compartment was scored by two observers using the formula: % tumor cells positive (in 10% increments) X intensity of staining (0–4+ scale) = labeling score. Ki-67 was reported as percentage of tumor cells positive. Results: Pearson correlations (table) and survival analysis by Kaplan Meyer analysis in chemo-naïve patients are summarized below. There were significant correlations (**p<0.001) between ErbB2 and pMAPK (N and C), but not for ErbB1. There was a significant survival advantage for low (<=100) pMAPk N score (p=.02). A combination index of low ErbB2 (<=150) and low pMAPK(N) (<=100) also predicted better survival (p<0.01). ErbB1, pAKT and Ki-67 levels were not associated with outcome. Conclusions: 1) Low pMAPK(N) and combined low ErbB2 and pMAPK(N) predict increased survival with Gefitinib therapy in patients with advanced BAC. 2) These data suggest that dual inhibition of ErbB1 and ErbB2 may lead to improved therapeutic efficacy. 3) Correlations with histologic subtypes are ongoing. (CA32102, CA38926, CA58187) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca AstraZeneca SWOG
Die Zukunft der Arbeit in Europa: Vortrag auf dem Kolloquium "Europa und die Politikwissenschaft in Munster" - 30 Jahre Institut fur Politikwissenschaft der Universitat Munster im Franz Hitze Haus am 30. Juni – 1. Juli 2000 (2000)

Inhalt: I. Einleitung; II Zum Management und zur Methodik des Projekts; III. Zu den Projektergebnissen; a) der internationale Vergleich; b) Zur Entwicklung des Sektors in Deutschland; c) Zu den Ergebnissen der Organisationsbefragung; IV. Die Potentiale des Sektors als Übergangsarbeitsmarkt; V. Schluß und Zusammenfassung; VI. Anhang
A Local Clustering Algorithm for Massive Graphs and its Application to Nearly-Linear Time Graph Partitioning (2008)

We study the design of local algorithms for massive graphs. A local algorithm is one that finds a solution containing or near a given vertex without looking at the whole graph. We present a local clustering algorithm. Our algorithm finds a good cluster--a subset of vertices whose internal connections are significantly richer than its external connections--near a given vertex. The running time of our algorithm, when it finds a non-empty local cluster, is nearly linear in the size of the cluster it outputs. Our clustering algorithm could be a useful primitive for handling massive graphs, such as social networks and web-graphs. As an application of this clustering algorithm, we present a partitioning algorithm that finds an approximate sparsest cut with nearly optimal balance. Our algorithm takes time nearly linear in the number edges of the graph. Using the partitioning algorithm of this paper, we have designed a nearly-linear time algorithm for constructing spectral sparsifiers of graphs, which we in turn use in a nearly-linear time algorithm for solving linear systems in symmetric, diagonally-dominant matrices. The linear system solver also leads to a nearly linear-time algorithm for approximating the second-smallest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of the Laplacian matrix of a graph. These other results are presented in two companion papers.
Localised prostate cancer - current treatment options. (2011)

Treatment selection in localised prostate cancer depends on life expectancy and comorbidities, risk adapted assessment and patient preference. Risk assessment depends on the grade, stage and prostate specific antigen. Options for treatment of localised prostate cancer include active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, curative external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Androgen deprivation therapy in combination with radiation therapy has been shown to increase survival in men with high and high/intermediate risk of occult metastases. Survival rates are essentially equivalent for each modality and are over 90% at 10 years and over 75% at 15 years.
Role of pacemakers in treating neurocardiogenic syncope (2003)

Patients with frequent vasovagal syncope have a poor quality of life and often resist treatment with standard pharmacologic approaches. Clinical vasovagal syncope may be associated with some degree of bradycardia. Studies of temporary pacing during tilt table tests showed that pacing prevented syncope in a little more than half of patients who developed a vasovagal response. Six open-label studies of permanent pacing show that permanent pacemaker therapy is associated with substantial improvement over medical therapy. The roles of specific pacemaker modes have not been determined, although there is some evidence that rate-drop responsiveness helps. The second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study will quantify the true benefits of pacing for vasovagal syncope and assess the role of rate-drop response algorithms.
p53: link to the past, bridge to the future (2005)

Although the p53 tumor suppressor was identified nearly three decades ago and plays a pivotal role in human cancer, its complexity continues to surprise the research community. Indeed, it was only recently discovered that p53 belongs to a multigene family that also includes p63 and p73 (Kaghad et al. 1997; Schmale and Bamberger 1997). Both p63 and p73 express an array of isoforms as a result of multiple promoter usage and alternative splicing (Yang et al. 1998; Zaika et al. 2002). This complexity within the p53 gene family has, until now, been considered a unique feature of p63 and p73. In this issue, Bourdon et al. (2005) use currently available molecular techniques to revisit the structure of p53, the founding member of this gene family. This work reveals that like the p53-related genes p63 and p73, p53 also makes use of several promoters and undergoes alternative splicing to generate multiple isoforms. Thus, a comparison of p53-related genes reveals strikingly similar traits among family members that produce a plethora of related but functionally diverse proteins that add further complexity to the role of p53-related proteins in development, cancer, and aging
Derivation of Motor Neurons from three Clonal Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) demonstrate a remarkable proliferative and developmental potential and thus have huge therapeutic potential. To direct the differentiation of hESC to a specific lineage of high purity for cell transplantation is highly desirable. Here we describe a modified in vitro procedure to direct differentiation of three clonal hESC lines, hES 3.1, hES 3.2 and hES 3.3 efficiently to spinal motor neurons by using various differentiation factors namely retinoic acid (RA), sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and Wnt3A. The highest number of motor neurons (58.0 +/- 7.6%) were obtained by an early treatment of embryoid bodies with a combination of RA + Shh from all the clonal hESC lines combined. The hES 3.1 line, however, produced relatively more motor neurons (69.5 +/- 11.8%) compared to other two hES clones, 3.2 (52.4 +/- 13.1%) and 3.3 (52.3 +/- 15.5%). Immunolocalisation studies revealed the expression of neuronal specific marker, beta omega-tubulin and motor neuron specific marker, HB9/HLXB9 in all the three hESC clones after 45 days of differentiation. The RT-PCR analyses showed the presence of the neuron-specific genes. This modified differentiation protocol provides a mean of obtaining an enriched population of motor neurons from hESC for possible use in studies of lineage development, drug discovery and also as a potential cell therapy for motor neuron disease.
Cloning of a novel somatostatin receptor, SSTR3, coupled to adenylylcyclase. (1992)

The gene encoding a novel mouse somatostatin receptor termed mSSTR3 was isolated and characterized. The sequence of mSSTR3 shows 46 and 47% identity with mSSTR1 and mSSTR2, respectively. mSSTR3 binds somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 with high affinity, but shows very low affinity for the somatostatin analogs MK-678 and SMS-201-995. In addition, mSSTR3 is coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and mediates somatostatin inhibition of forskolin-stimulated and dopamine D1 receptor-stimulated cAMP formation, indicating that it is coupled to adenylylcyclase. The pharmacological properties of mSSTR3 and its ability to couple with adenylylcyclase distinguish SSTR3 from the other cloned somatostatin receptors and indicates that it mediates biological functions different from SSTR1 or SSTR2. In situ hybridization indicates that SSTR3 mRNA is widely distributed in the mouse brain, and its expression in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and in the piriform cortex, the primary olfactory cortex in the rodent brain, suggests that SSTR3 may participate in the processing and modulation of primary sensory information.
Single pentacene molecules detected by fluorescence excitation in ap-terphenyl crystal (1990)

Experiments clearly prove that narrow peaks in the fluorescence-excitation spectrum of a pentacene-doped p-terphenyl crystal stem from single molecules. This claim is supported by the distribution, width, and height of the peaks, as well as by the correlation of the emitted light and the sudden drops and surges of the emission of certain peaks. We attribute these to the hole burning of a single molecule. These results show the feasibility of the optical study of a single molecule and its local environment.
Identification of NKL, a novel Gli-Kruppel zinc-finger protein that promotes neuronal differentiation (2001)

The proneural basic helix-loop-helix proteins play a crucial role in promoting the differentiation of postmitotic neurons from neural precursors. However, recent evidence from flies and frogs indicates that additional factors act together with the proneural bHLH proteins to promote neurogenesis. We have identified a novel zinc finger protein, neuronal Kruppel-like protein (NKL), that positively regulates neurogenesis in vertebrates. NKL is expressed in Xenopus primary neurons and in differentiating neuronal precursors in the intermediate zone of the mouse and chick neural tube. In frog embryos, NKL is induced by overexpression of Neurogenin (Ngn), arguing that NKL is downstream of the proneural determination genes. Our results show that NKL and a NKL/VP16 fusion protein promote differentiation of neuronal precursors in the embryonic chick spinal cord. Following in ovo misexpression of NKL, neuroepithelial cells exit the cell cycle and differentiate into neurons. Similarly, NKL/VP16 induces extra primary neurons in frogs and upregulates expression of the neural differentiation factors, Xath3 and MyT1, as well as the neuronal markers, N-tubulin and elrC. Our findings establish NKL as a novel positive regulator of neuronal differentiation and provide further evidence that non-bHLH transcription factors function in the neuronal differentiation pathway activated by the vertebrate neuronal determination genes.
Genetic Aberrations in Human Brain Tumors (1994)

Over the last decade, much has been learned about the genetic changes that occur in human neoplasia and how they contribute to the neoplastic state. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified, and many powerful molecular genetic techniques have emerged. Brain tumors have been intensively studied as part of this process. Specific and recurring genetic alterations have been identified and are associated with specific tumor types. In astrocytomas, for example, losses of genetic material on chromosomes 10 and 17 and amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene seem important in pathogenesis, with the loss of chromosome 10 and the amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor being strongly associated with glioblastoma multiforme. Meningiomas, on the other hand, have usually lost part or all of chromosome 22. Brain tumors also express growth factors and growth factor receptors that may be important in promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. These include epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor, the fibroblast growth factors, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In this article, we review the genetic aberrations that occur in the major types of brain tumors, including glial tumors, meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and pituitary tumors. Wherever possible, clinical correlations have been made concerning the prognostic and therapeutic implications of specific aberrations. We also provide some background about the cytogenetic and molecular genetic techniques that have contributed to the description and understanding of these alterations and speculate as to some clinical and basic science issues that might be explored in the future.
Cerebellar Synaptic Defects and Abnormal Motor Behavior in Mice Lacking α- and β-Dystrobrevin (2006)

The dystrobrevins (alphaDB and betaDB) bind directly to dystrophin and are components of a transmembrane dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) that links the cytoskeleton to extracellular proteins in many tissues. We show here that alphaDB, betaDB, and dystrophin are all concentrated at a discrete subset of inhibitory synapses on the somata and dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Dystrophin is depleted from these synapses in mice lacking both alphaDB and betaDB, and DBs are depleted from these synapses in mice lacking dystrophin. In dystrophin mutants and alphaDB,betaDB double mutants, the size and number of GABA receptor clusters are decreased at cerebellar inhibitory synapses, and sensorimotor behaviors that reflect cerebellar function are perturbed. Synaptic and behavioral abnormalities are minimal in mice lacking either alphaDB or betaDB. Together, our results show that the DGC is required for proper maturation and function of a subset of inhibitory synapses, that DB is a key component of this DGC, and that interference with this DGC leads to behavioral abnormalities. We suggest that motor deficits in muscular dystrophy patients, which are their cardinal symptoms, may reflect not only peripheral derangements but also CNS defects.
Dynamic measurements of the electrical conductivity of a non-metallic catalyst during adsorption and catalysis (1979)

Describes a novel device, the 'conductivity probe', consisting of a thin layer of catalyst deposited between two platinum wires wound in a bifilar configuration, developed for observing changes in the electrical conductivity of the catalyst under operating conditions. Using a catalyst of uranium-antimony oxide, it is shown that, when the probe is placed in a reactor also containing the catalyst in its conventional form, measured changes in conductance accompanying adsorption and reaction reliably reflect those taking place in the main bulk of the catalyst.
Biosynthesis of Elsamicin A, a Novel Antitumor Antibiotic (1989)

The 1H noise-decoupled 13C-nmr spectrum of elsamicin A [1] prepared from the cultures of an unknown actinomycete species (ATCC 39417) supplemented with [1-13C]acetate and [2-13C]acetate showed enrichment of all 19-carbons in the aglycone. In addition, L-[methyl-13C]methionine- and D-[1-13C]glucose-supplemented cultures enriched the carbons of the two methyl groups on the disaccharide moiety and the C-1 carbons of the disaccharide, respectively. The results demonstrated that the aglycone of elsamicin A is derived entirely from acetate and the disaccharide portion is biosynthesized from two units of glucose and methionine.
An evaluation of techniques for grabbing and manipulating remote objects in immersive virtual environments (1997)

Article Free Access Share on An evaluation of techniques for grabbing and manipulating remote objects in immersive virtual environments Authors: Doug A. Bowman Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Larry F. Hodges 801 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, and Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology 801 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, and Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '97: Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsApril 1997 Pages 35–ff.https://doi.org/10.1145/253284.253301Published:30 April 1997Publication History 368citation4,620DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations368Total Downloads4,620Last 12 Months505Last 6 weeks79 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Elusive radial glial cells: Historical and evolutionary perspective (2003)

Since the discovery of radial glial cells in the human fetal forebrain, this specialized cellular population has been identified in most regions of the vertebrate brain during restricted developmental periods. However, their size, longevity, and significance for guiding migrating neurons have increased with the evolutionary expansion of the mammalian neocortex, reaching a peak in the gyrencephalic human forebrain. The phenotypic distinction of radial glial cells from the more specialized neuronal progenitors in the proliferative zones and from the migrating neurons in the intermediate zone of the primate fetal forebrain, based initially on morphological criteria, has been supported by their ultrastructural, molecular, and physiological characteristics. In addition, modern in vivo and in vitro approaches revealed that these specialized embryonic cells can also generate neuronal cell lines, which either immediately, or after several divisions, migrate along radial shaft processes of the mother cells that span the expanding and convoluted cerebral wall. The multiple functions of radial glial cells and their species-specific adaptations indicate a pivotal role in evolution, development, and pathology of the cerebral neocortex.
A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments (2007)

In this paper, we introduce the "Plug" sensor network, a ubiquitous networked sensing platform ideally suited to broad deployment in environments where people work and live. The backbone of the Plug sensor network is a set of 35 sensor-, radio-, and computation-enabled power strips distributed throughout the third oor of the MIT Media Lab. A single Plug device fulfills all the functional requirements of a normal power strip (i.e., four 120V, 60Hz electrical outlets; surge protector circuit; standard electrical connector to a US-style wall socket), and can be used without special training. Additionally, each Plug has a wide range of sensing modalities (e.g., sound, light, electrical current and voltage, vibration, motion, and temperature) for gathering data about how it is being used and its nearby environment. To our knowledge, the Plug sensor network is the first to embody the idea of designing sensor nodes to seamlessly become a part of their environment, rather than play the role of alien, if unobtrusive, observers. We argue this design principle is essential for sensor networks to succeed in the realm of ubiquitous computing.