gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Morphology, and Optical Characterization of Nanocrystalline Er3+:Y2O3 (2009)

We describe a methodology to synthesize trivalent-erbium (Er3+)-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles. An in-depth morphology analysis indicates that the average diameter of the individual nanoparticles is about 25 nm. To optically characterize the nanocrystalline material, the room-temperature absorption spectrum has been obtained between 400 and 900 nm. The spectrum consists of six absorption bands, including 2G(1)9/2, 4F3/2 + 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H(2)11/2 + 4S3/2, 4F9/2, and 4I9/2. The room-temperature fluorescence spectra of the Er3+ (4f11) 2H(2)11/2 + 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions were analyzed for the crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of these states of erbium. We have measured the lifetimes for the 2H(2)11/2 + 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 metastable states and have investigated the effects of Er3+ concentrations and particle size on the emission intensity and decay times. The experimental energies (Stark levels) agree well within the experimental error with the theoretical values reported earlier for bulk single crystalline Er3+:Y2O3. Detailed structural and optical analyses suggest that the nanoparticles of Er3+:Y2O3 have potential applications in diverse fields of photonics including laser systems and optical communication devices.
Effects of base sequence on the loop folding in DNA hairpins (1989)

High-resolution NMR and UV-melting experiments have been used to study the hairpin formation of partly self-complementary DNA fragments in an attempt to derive rules that describe the folding in these molecules. Earlier experiments on the hexadecanucleotide d(ATCCTA-TTTT-TAGGAT) had indicated that within the loop of four thymidines a wobble T-T pair is formed (Blommers et al., 1987). In the present paper it is shown that if the first and the last thymines of the intervening sequence are replaced by complementary bases, sometimes base pairs can be formed. Thus for the intervening sequences -CTTG- and -TTTA- with the pyrimidine in the 5'-position and the purine in the 3'-position, a base pair is formed leading to a loop consisting of two residues. For the intervening sequences -GTTC- and -ATTT- with the purine in the 5'-position and the pyrimidine in the 3'-position, this turns out not to be the case. It was found that it made no difference when the four-membered sequence was closed by a G-C base pair or an A-T base pair. Replacement of the two central thymidine residues by the more bulky adenine residues limits the hairpin to a four-membered loop scheme. Very surprisingly, it was found from 2D NOE experiments that the T-A base pair, formed in the loop consisting of the -TTTA- sequence, is a Hoogsteen pair. It is argued that the pairing of the bases in this scheme may facilitate the formation of a loop of two residues, since the distance of the C1' atoms in this base pair is 8.6 A instead of 10.4 A found in the canonical Watson-Crick base pair. Combination of the data obtained for the series of DNA fragments studied shows that the results can be explained by a simple, earlier proposed, loop folding principle which assumes that the folding of the four-membered loop is dictated by the stacking of the double-helical stem of the hairpin.
Mitochondrial genetic variants identified to be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (2015)

Despite the fact that mitochondrial dysfunctions are increasingly recognized as key components in stress-related mental disorders, very little is known about the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mitochondrial variants. To identify susceptibility mitochondrial genes for PTSD, we analyzed a total number of 978 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) in a sample of 1238 individuals participating in the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) study. Participants were classified with 'no PTSD', 'partial PTSD' or 'full PTSD' by applying the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale and the Impact of Event Scale. To assess PTSD-mtSNP association while taking heteroplasmy into account, we used the raw signal intensity values measured on the microarray and applied linear regression. Significant associations were obtained between full versus no PTSD and two mtSNPs; mt8414C->T (β=-0.954±0.06, Padjusted=0.037) located in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit 8 (MT-ATP8) and mt12501G->A (β=-1.782±0.40, Padjusted=0.015) located in the NADH dehydrogenase subunits 5 (MT-ND5). Heteroplasmy for the two variants towards a larger number of the respective minor alleles increases the risk of having PTSD. NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase are both linked to the regulation of reactive oxygen species. Our results highlight the important role of the mitochondrial genome among the factors that contribute to the risk of PTSD. Mitochondrial genetic variants may be more important than has previously been assumed, leading to further insights regarding effects of existing medications, or even to the development of innovative treatments. As this is the first mitochondrial genome-wide association study for PTSDs, further analyses are needed to follow up on the present findings.
Multiple Forms of Mammalian Sialidase. Altered Expression in Carcinogenesis. (1992)

We have demonstrated that rat liver contains at least four types of sialidase differing in subcellular location, in catalytic property and immunologically. They are intralysosomal, cytosolic and membrane-associated sialidases I and II. Membrane sialidase I locates mainly in plasma membrane and sialidase II in lysosomal membrane. Immunological study reveals that the same types of sialidase exist in various tissues of rat and of other mammalian species. Based on these results, we examined the sialidases in rat hepatomas and in transformed cells of JB6 mouse epidermal cell. Hepatomas were found to possess four types of sialidase and the three of them altered quantitatively. Intralysosomal sialidase activity was higher but cytosolic and lysosomal membrane sialidase activities were lower in hepatomas than in control liver. When the sialidases of transformants of JB6 cells were compared with those of control cells, the activities of two lysosomal sialidases were decreased and contrarily plasma membrane sialidase was increased. We discussed a possible significance of the sialidase alterations in carcinogenesis.
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Skin Tests Are an Independent Predictor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression (1994)

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing was evaluated as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in 336 symptomatic patients with baseline CD4 cell counts of 200-500/mm3 who were participating in a randomized trial of early versus late therapy with zidovudine. Patients with a response of > 2 mm to any of seven antigens were categorized as reactive; those without were anergic. Anergic patients were significantly more likely than reactive patients to have HIV disease progression as evidenced by decrease in CD4 cell count (52% vs. 27%), development of AIDS (33% vs. 17%), or death (18% vs. 9%) (P < or = .02), irrespective of time of zidovudine initiation. By multivariate analysis, DTH results were an independent predictor of HIV progression separate from CD4 cell count, p24 antigen positivity, or level of beta 2-microglobulin. DTH skin tests are an independent predictor of HIV disease progression and may be of value in the evaluation of a patient's immune status.
Cell Fusion (2000)

Introduction Hybrid Formation Polyethylene Glycol Electrofusion Comparison of the Methods of Cell Fusion Protoplasts Selection Markers Applications Hybridomas Monoclonal Antibody Production Chromosomal Assignment and Genetic Mapping Plant Genetics Embryo Cloning Conclusion Bibliography
An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate administered for one year decreased triglycerides in simvastatin treated patients with coronary heart disease and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia (2001)

BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids, such as those present in fish oil, have been reported to prolong life in myocardial infarction survivors. These fatty acids can decrease serum triglyceride concentrations, but so far the doses used in trials examining their effects on coronary end points have had only minimal triglyceride lowering effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the triglyceride lowering effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of Omacor, a concentrate of omega-3, long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (84% of the total as opposed to an average of 35% in fish oil) over one year in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) and persisting hypertriglyceridaemia, despite receiving simvastatin in doses similar to those employed in the Scandinavian simvastatin survival study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 59 patients with CHD, receiving simvastatin 10–40 mg daily with serum triglycerides &gt; 2.3 mmol/l, were randomised to receive Omacor 2 g twice a day or placebo for 24 weeks in a double blind trial. Forty six patients accepted the offer of active treatment for a further 24 weeks in an open phase of the trial. RESULTS There was a sustained significant decrease in serum triglycerides by 20–30% (p &lt; 0.005) and in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol by 30–40% (p &lt; 0.005) in patients receiving active Omacor at three, six, and 12 months compared either to baseline or placebo. Omacor did not have any deleterious effect on low density or high density lipoprotein cholesterol or on biochemical and haematological safety tests. There was no adverse effect on glycaemic control in patients with diabetes, who showed a decrease in serum triglyceride, which was at least as great as in non-diabetic patients. One patient receiving placebo died of acute myocardial infarction. Three patients withdrew from the trial (two on placebo and one on active treatment). Omacor was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Omacor was found to be a safe and effective means of lowering serum triglycerides over one year in patients with CHD and combined hyperlipidaemia, whose triglycerides remained elevated despite simvastatin treatment.
A multi-channel audio compression method with virtual source location information for MPEG-4 SAC (2005)

Binaural cue coding (BCC) was introduced as an efficient representation method for MPEG-4 SAC (spatial audio coding). However, in a low bit-rate environment, the spectrum of BCC output signals degrades with respect to the perceptual level. The proposed system in this paper estimates VSLI (virtual source location information) as the side information. The VSLI is the angle representation of spatial images between channels on playback layout. The subjective assessment results show that the proposed method provides better audio quality than the BCC method for encoding multi-channel signals.
Silicone breast implant rupture: comparison between three-point Dixon and fast spin-echo MR imaging. (1994)

Silicone implant ruptures were detected more frequently with fast spin-echo MR sequences than with the three-point Dixon technique, although the difference was not significant. The greater spatial resolution used for the fast spin-echo sequence partially accounts for the difference in detection of implant ruptures in this study.
Trigeminal and occipital peripheral nerve stimulation for craniofacial pain: a single-institution experience and review of the literature (2006)

Peripheral nerve stimulation appears to be a safe and effective approach in the treatment of craniofacial neuropathic pain. The growing body of literature supports a wider acceptance of this approach in the field of pain surgery.
Simultaneous map building and localization for an autonomous mobile robot (2002)

Discusses a significant open problem in mobile robotics: simultaneous map building and localization, which the authors define as long-term globally referenced position estimation without a priori information. This problem is difficult because of the following paradox: to move precisely, a mobile robot must have an accurate environment map; however, to build an accurate map, the mobile robot's sensing locations must be known precisely. In this way, simultaneous map building and localization can be seen to present a question of 'which came first, the chicken or the egg?' (The map or the motion?) When using ultrasonic sensing, to overcome this issue the authors equip the vehicle with multiple servo-mounted sonar sensors, to provide a means in which a subset of environment features can be precisely learned from the robot's initial location and subsequently tracked to provide precise positioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nivolumab, anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody immunotherapy: Role in advanced cancers (2016)

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has altered the landscape of treatment of advanced cancers. These drugs are well tolerated and have shown clinical activity against a wide variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The durability of response is particularly impressive when compared to other forms of systemic therapy. Nivolumab (Opdivo) is an IgG4 antibody that causes immune checkpoint blockade by diminishing inhibitory signaling through the programmed death receptor-1 pathway. It is approved for treatment of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Efforts to identify biomarkers of response to nivolumab are ongoing. Clinical trials are also being conducted to determine the benefits of combining nivolumab with other forms of treatment including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and other forms of immune therapy. This review outlines the clinical trials that have led to the emergence of nivolumab as a treatment option for patients with advanced cancers.
Subregional mapping of 8 single copy loci to chromosome 6 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1994)

We have subregionally mapped 8 independently derived probes which have been assigned to chromosome 6 (D6S61, D6S134, D6S149, D6S155, MACS, VIL2, IGF2R and PLG) by FISH. All the probes were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6 except D6S61, which was assigned to the short arm at 6p25. The remaining probes were clustered at the 6q25-->q27 region except MACS which was mapped to 6q22.2.
A Pseudomonas sp. alcohol dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity and unusual stereospecificity for organic synthesis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Pseudomonas sp. alcohol dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity and unusual stereospecificity for organic synthesisCurt W. Bradshaw, Hong Fu, Gwo Jenn Shen, and Chi Huey WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5, 1526–1532Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00031a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00031a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1374Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed–Polymerase Chain Reaction and Capillary Electrophoretic Analysis of Human DNA on Microchip-Based Devices (1998)

Random amplification of the human genome using the degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) was performed in a silicon-glass chip. An aliquot of the DOP-PCR amplified genomic DNA was then introduced into another silicon-glass chip for a locus-specific, multiplex PCR of the dystrophin gene exons in order to detect deletions causing Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. Amplicons were analyzed by both conventional capillary electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis and results were compared to those obtained using standard non-chip-based PCR assays. Results from microchip electrophoresis were consistent with those from conventional capillary electrophoresis. Whole genome amplification products obtained by DOP-PCR proved to be a suitable template for multiplex PCR as long as amplicon size was < 250 bp. Successful detection and resolution of all PCR products from the multiplex PCR clearly shows the feasibility of performing complex PCR assays using microfabricated devices.
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Shifts in the Discourse of Precaution (2005)

The precautionary principle is increasingly recognized as an important tool in multilateral environmental policy making, even as its practical implications remain the subject of intense debate. Drawing on Foucault's reading of discursive politics, this paper traces the emergence and effects of a specific framing of a precautionary response to new technologies found in the 2000 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity. This international treaty enables states to restrict imports of specific classes of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), even if the extent of the harm they may cause remains uncertain. This particular framing of precaution in an environmental treaty is novel for its application to technologies yet to be demonstrated as harmful, and can only be understood in the context of the contentiousness of controversies over GMOs, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and hormone-injected beef in the 1990s. At the same time, what might be termed the “Cartagena discourse of precaution” has already had productive effects on a variety of other policy fields including the regulation of persistent organic pollutants and pesticides.
Asymmetric hydroxylation, epoxidation, and sulfoxidation catalyzed by vaulted binaphthyl metalloporphyrins (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hydroxylation, epoxidation, and sulfoxidation catalyzed by vaulted binaphthyl metalloporphyrinsJohn T. Groves and Peter ViskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 11, 3628–3634Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00298a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00298a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2668Altmetric-Citations318LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Altered Migration, Recruitment, and Somatic Hypermutation in the Early Response of Marginal Zone B Cells to T Cell-Dependent Antigen (2005)

The early responses of follicular (Fo) and marginal zone (MZ) B cells to T cell-dependent Ag were compared using anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL+) B cells capable of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Purified CD21/(35int)CD23high Fo and CD21/35(high)CD23low MZ splenic B cells from SW(HEL) Ig-transgenic mice were transferred into wild-type recipients and challenged with HEL-sheep RBC. Responding HEL+ B cells from both populations switched efficiently to IgG1, generated syndecan-1+ Ab-secreting cells, and exhibited equivalent rates of proliferation. However, the expansion of HEL+ MZ B cells lagged significantly behind that of HEL+ Fo B cells due to less efficient homing to the outer periarteriolar lymphatic sheath and reduced recruitment into the proliferative response. Despite the equivalent rates of class switch recombination, the onset of SHM was delayed in the MZ subset, indicating that these two activation-induced cytidine deaminase-dependent events are uncoupled in the early response of MZ B cells. Migration of HEL+ B cells into germinal centers coincided with the onset of SHM, occurring more rapidly with Fo vs MZ responders. These results are consistent with the concept that Fo and MZ B cells have evolved to specialize in T cell-dependent and T-independent responses respectively.
2,6-Diamino-2,6-dideoxy-D-mannose dihydrochloride (1965)

M. L. Wolfrom, P. Chakravarty and D. Horton, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 143 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000143
Plasmid RK2 toxin protein ParE: purification and interaction with the ParD antitoxin protein (1996)

The parDE operon, located within the 3.2-kb stabilization region of plasmid RK2, encodes antitoxin (ParD) and toxin (ParE) proteins that stabilize the maintenance of this broad-host-range plasmid via a postsegregational killing mechanism. A ParE protein derivative, designated ParE', was purified by construction of a fusion protein, GST-ParE, followed by glutathione-agarose binding and cleavage of the fusion protein. ParE' has three additional amino acids on the N terminus and a methionine residue in place of the native leucine residue. The results of glutathione-agarose affinity binding and glutaraldehyde cross-linking indicate that ParE' exists as a dimer in solution and that it binds to the dimeric form of ParD to form a tetrameric complex. The formation of this complex is presumably responsible for the ability of ParD to neutralize ParE toxin activity. Previous studies demonstrated that the parDE operon is autoregulated as a result of the binding of the ParD protein to the parDE promoter. ParE' also binds to the parDE promoter but only in the presence of the autoregulatory ParD protein. ParE', in the presence or absence of the ParD protein, does not bind to any other part of the 3.2-kb stabilization region. The binding of the ParE' protein to ParD did not alter the DNase I footprint pattern obtained as a result of ParD binding to the parDE promoter. The role of ParE in binding along with ParD to the promoter, if any, remains unclear.