gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of polymers as protecting groups in organic synthesis. Application of polystyrylboronic acid to the one-pot synthesis of acylated carbohydrate derivatives (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of polymers as protecting groups in organic synthesis. Application of polystyrylboronic acid to the one-pot synthesis of acylated carbohydrate derivativesJean M. J. Frechet, Lucy J. Nuyens, and Elizabeth SeymourCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 2, 432–436Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00496a027Request reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (741 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PHARMACOKINETICS OF 3 PREDNISOLONE PRODRUGS (1985)

Renal allograft rejections are often treated with high doses of prednisone or prednisolone. The solubility of the biologically active prednisolone is poor. Therefore prednisolone is given i.v. as prednisolone disodium phosphate (prednisolone phosphate) or as prednisolone sodium tetrahydrophthalate (prednisolone phthalate). The time course of hydrolysis of high doses of these prodrugs and the reduction of high doses of oral prednisone into prednisolone has not been investigated. Therefore 10 patients treated for acute rejection were given, on 3 occasions, oral prednisone, i.v. prednisolone phosphate, or i.v. prednisolone phthalate in equimolar doses corresponding to 7 mg/kg of prednisolone. Blood samples were collected over a 24-hr period. Measurements were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and equilibrium dialysis. The time to peak, the peak concentrations, and the area under the plasma-concentration-vs.-time curve (AUC) of prednisone and of unbound prednisolone were calculated. In all patients the hydrolysis of the prednisolone phosphate ester was faster than that of the prednisolone phthalate ester. The mean (+/- SD) peak concentrations of unbound prednisolone were higher after i.v. prednisolone phosphate (18.5 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml) than after i.v. prednisolone phthalate (2.9 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml) or after oral prednisone (3.1 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml), (P less than 0.001). The mean AUCs of unbound prednisolone were 2324 +/- 683 micrograms/ml/min from prednisolone phosphate, 1209 +/- 324 micrograms/ml/min from prednisolone phthalate, and 1584 +/- 556 micrograms/ml/min from oral prednisone. The AUCs of prednisolone from i.v. prednisolone phosphate (P less than 0.001) or from oral prednisone (P less than 0.005) were higher than from i.v. prednisolone phthalate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A human somatostatin receptor (SSTR3), located on chromosome 22, displays preferential affinity for somatostatin‐14 like peptides (1993)

We report here on the cloning of a human intronless gene encoding a member of the G-protein linked somatostatin (SST) receptor subfamily, termed SSTR3. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, this gene encodes a 418 amino acid protein displaying sequence similarity, particularly within putative transmembrane domains, with the recently cloned human SSTR1 (62%), SSTR2 (64%) and SSTR4 (58%) receptors. Membranes prepared from COS-7 cells transiently expressing the human SSTR3 gene bound [125I]Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25 SST-28 in a saturable manner with high affinity (approximately 200 pM) and with rank order of potency (D-Trp8 SST-14 > SST-14 > SMS-201-995 > SST-28) indicative of a somatostatin-14 selective receptor. The pharmacological profile of the expressed human SSTR3 receptor is similar but not identical to that reported for the rat homolog [(1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20422] where the peptide selectivity is SST-28 > or = SST-14 >>> SMS-201-995. Northern blot analysis reveals the presence of an SSTR3 mRNA species of approximately 5 kb in various regions of the monkey brain, including the frontal cortex, cerebellum, medulla, amygdala, with little or no SSTR3 mRNA detectable in brain regions such as the striatum, hippocampus, and olfactory tubercle. The SSTR3 receptor gene maps to human chromosome 22. The existence of at least four distinct human genes encoding somatostatin-14 selective receptors with diverse pharmacological specificities may help to account for some of the multiple biological actions of somatostatin under normal and pathological conditions.
Isozyme Variation among Biological Species in the Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex (Fusarium Section Liseola) (1996)

Isozyme phenotypes were determined for 101 strains of Gibberella fujikuroi and 2 strains of Gibberella nygamai that represent seven biological species (mating populations) isolated from a variety of plant hosts in dispersed geographic locations. Fourteen enzymes were resolved in one or more of three buffer systems. Two of the enzymes, arylesterase and acid phosphatase, were polymorphic within two or more biological species and are suitable for intraspecific studies of population variation. Six enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, were monomorphic in all of the isolates examined. The remaining six enzymes, fumarase, glucose phosphate isomerase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP), malate dehydrogenase, and triose-phosphate isomerase, could potentially be used to distinguish the different biological species. Mating populations C and D are the most similar, since the mating population C isolates examined had the same isozyme phenotype as did a subset of the isolates in mating population D. Mating population E is the least similar to the other taxa examined. Unique isozyme phenotypes are present but are composed of banding patterns shared among the biological species. This finding supports the hypothesis that these biological species, with the possible exception of mating populations C and D, are reproductively isolated from one another and that no significant gene flow is occurring between them. Isozyme analysis is a useful method to distinguish these closely related biological species. Examination of isozyme phenotypes is more rapid than the present technique, which is based on sexual crosses; can be applied to strains that are not sexually fertile; and is more sensitive than traditional morphological characters, which cannot distinguish more than three or four morphological groups among the seven biological species. While emphasizing the discreteness of the mating populations as biological entities, our isozyme data also reaffirm the close genetic relationship among these groups.
Deletion by in vivo recombination shows that the 28-kilodalton cytolytic polypeptide from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is not essential for mosquitocidal activity (1991)

The cytA gene encoding the 28-kDa polypeptide of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted in the 72-MDa resident plasmid by in vivo recombination, thus indicating that homologous recombination occurs in B. thuringiensis. The absence of the 28-kDa protein in B. thuringiensis did not affect the crystallization of the other toxic components of the parasporal body (68-, 125-, and 135-kDa polypeptides). The absence of the 28-kDa protein abolished the hemolytic activity of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals. However, the mosquitocidal activity of the 28-kDa protein-free crystals did not differ significantly from that of the wild-type crystals when tested on Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens larvae. The 28-kDa protein contributed slightly to the toxicity to Anopheles stephensi larvae. This indicates that the 28-kDa protein is not essential for mosquitocidal activity, at least against the three species tested.
[Does extracellular DNA play a pathogenic role in the development of lupus glomerulonephritis?]. (1989)

Anti-DNA antibodies play a pathogenic role in the development of lupus nephritis. The role of extracellular DNA in the pathophysiology of lupus diseases is still controversial. It is possible that anti-DNA antibodies are elicited by antigens which cross-react with DNA and that they play their pathogenic role through direct binding on cell membrane or tissue components. Alternatively, experimental and clinical studies suggest that extracellular DNA might be involved in the induction of anti-DNA antibodies and that they might be pathogenic through the formation of immune complexes. Recent studies done on circulating DNA led to propose the hypothesis that cell death phenomena might play a major pathogenic role in the induction of auto-immune reactions and/or in the development of kidney lesions in lupus diseases.
p107 uses a p21CIP1-related domain to bind cyclin/cdk2 and regulate interactions with E2F. (1995)

The kinase activities of the cyclin/cdk complexes can be regulated in a number of ways. The most recently discovered mechanism of regulation is the association of cdk inhibitors (CKIs), such as p21, p27, and p57, with these complexes. In this report we demonstrate that the pRB-related protein p107, like the p21 family of cdk inhibitors, can inhibit the phosphorylation of target substrates by cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin E/cdk2 complexes, and the associations of p107 and p21 with cyclin/cdk2 rely on a structurally and functionally related interaction domain. Furthermore, interactions between p107 or p21 with cyclin/cdk2 complexes are mutually exclusive. In cells treated with DNA-damaging agents elevated levels of p21 cause a dissociation of p107/cyclin/cdk2 complexes to yield p21/cyclin/cdk2 complexes. Finally, the consequences of cyclin/cdk2 interactions with p107 have been examined. The activation of the p107-bound cyclin/cdk kinases leads to dissociation of p107 from the transcription factor E2F. Together, these results suggest that cyclin/cdk complexes can be regulated by protein molecules from different families in a mutually exclusive manner in response to certain signals and that these inhibitory proteins may have a potential role in regulating macromolecular assembly.
Immunophenotypic analysis of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow of primary systemic light chain amyloidosis patients. (2014)

Detection of abnormal plasma cell clones in bone marrow by FCM is valuable for the diagnosis of AL.
Clinical pharmacokinetic studies of photofrin by fluorescence spectroscopy in the oral cavity, the esophagus, and the bronchi (1995)

The oral cavity appears to be a good model, with easy access for optimizing photodetection and PDT in the esophagus and the bronchi. These pharmacokinetics can be used directly for optimizing photodetection. However, complementary information on the detailed localization of the drug by fluorescence microscopy and a correlation of these data with tumor necrosis efficacy are necessary to optimize PDT timing and therapeutic gain.
Modification of Bovine Pancreatic Ribonuclease A with 4-Sulfonyloxy-2-nitrofluorobenzene (1968)

The kinetics of the reaction of various amino groups in RNase A with 4-sulfonyloxy-2-nitrofluorobenzene (potassium salt) was studied as a function of pH and temperature. Substitution at lysine-41 and inactivation of the enzyme proceed at identical rates (pH-independent second order rate constants at 28° are 0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.46 ± 0.06 M −1·min−1, respectively). The dissociation constant of the e-amino group of lysine-41 measured from the pH dependence was anomalously low, 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10−10 M (pKapp = 9.11) and 6.9 ± 0.3 × 10−10 M (pKapp = 9.16) for substitution and inactivation, respectively. The fact that the anomalous behavior of lysine-41 is observed at least as far as pH 10 reveals that an arginine side chain interacts with the amino group of this residue. Moreover, the kinetic behavior in the region above pH 10 is compatible with the view that the protein undergoes a conformational change which disrupts the configuration responsible for the anomalous behavior of lysine-41. The average value of the dissociation constant for the nine normal e-amino groups in RNase A from the kinetic analysis is 7.4 ± 0.9 × 10−11 M (pKapp = 10.1), in agreement with titration data. The pH-independent second order rate constant was found to be 0.93 ± 0.07 M −1·min−1. The corresponding quantities for the α-amino group in RNase A were 7.2 ± 0.1 × 10−9 M (pKapp = 8.14) and 0.057 ± 0.009 M −1·min−1, respectively. A linear relationship between pKapp and the pH-independent second order rate constant was observed to apply for the kinetically distinguishable amino groups. This relationship was used to estimate indirectly the enthalpy of ionization of the e-amino group at position 41. With the aid of this quantity, the pH-independent second order rate constants for the reaction at lysine-41 at each of six temperatures between 3.6 and 65° were determined. Transition state analysis revealed normal behavior as far as the region in which the protein enters its thermal transition above 50°. The rate constant found at 65° was of a magnitude consistent with normalization of the pKapp of lysine-41.
Simultaneous dual-wavelength reflection digital holography applied to the study of the porous coal samples (2008)

We present a simultaneous dual-wavelength phase-imaging digital holographic technique demonstrated on porous coal samples. The use of two wavelengths enables us to increase the axial range at which the unambiguous phase imaging can be performed, but also increases the noise. We employ a noise reduction "fine map" algorithm, which uses the two-wavelength phase map as a guide to correct a single-wavelength phase image. Then, the resulting noise of a fine map is reduced to the level of single-wavelength noise. A comparison to software unwrapping is also presented. A simple way of correcting a curvature mismatch between the reference and the object beams is offered.
A Cutoff Rate based Cross-Layer Metric for MIMO-HARQ Transmission (2006)

This paper addresses the evaluation of cross-layer metrics for wireless access systems employing hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) processing combined with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) data transmission. The proposed metrics can be utilized by resource management algorithms to control resources in next generation networks. The objective is twofold. First, we evaluate a reliable throughput performance metric encompassing MIMO as well as HARQ protocol parameters in a single expression. In particular, we perform an information theoretic consideration by employing the conditional cutoff rate for MIMO transmission while the HARQ process is described by the renewal-theory. In a second step, we illustrate the flexibility of the metric evaluation approach by its application to two transmission schemes. Both schemes employ V-BLAST transmission but differ in HARQ processing. Results given for all schemes clearly indicate the suitability of the proposed metrics. With the metrics introduced we also get hints on designing wireless transmission schemes with multi antenna technologies and HARQ processing while avoiding intensive simulation studies
Corporate responsibility and the tourism sector in Cambodia (2005)

Even as FIAS launched this brief study, the Minister of Tourism proposed to the FIAS team that there was a need for a more in-depth tourism sector study. Most people interviewed for this study agreed that a sector study along the lines of a value chain analysis, with a particular focus on sustainable tourism could help identify specific administrative, and market-based barriers to a more efficient industry, determine opportunities for improved backward and forward linkages, and prioritize policy options to reap the benefits of tourism growth, while putting in place social and environmental safeguards. Such an assessment would help Cambodia take advantage of its full potential for sustainable tourism development that would help develop the nation, distribute benefits to more sectors of society, and help reinforce the nation's cultural and environmental heritage. This brief study concludes with four recommendations for the Royal Government of Cambodia, that could help leverage the private sector's interest in sustainable tourism development: 1) The government should develop a national sustainable tourism plan, building on existing efforts for strategic planning in the sector. 2) Steps can be taken to increasingly involve the private sector in sustainable tourism development, tapping expertise and interest in enhancing the drive for preservation of the culture, environmental and social sustainability, and contribution to poverty reduction. 3) Marketing strategies for the country could be linked to corporate social responsibility, in line with the government's strategy to market Cambodia as a responsible place to do business, building on the success of improving working conditions in the garment industry. 4) There is a need to support institutional development, and capacity building for the full range of actors in the tourism sector, including hotel associations, trade unions, and the government.
Impaired lymphatic contraction associated with immunosuppression (2011)

To trigger an effective immune response, antigen and antigen-presenting cells travel to the lymph nodes via collecting lymphatic vessels. However, our understanding of the regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel function and lymph transport is limited. To dissect the molecular control of lymphatic function, we developed a unique mouse model that allows intravital imaging of autonomous lymphatic vessel contraction. Using this method, we demonstrated that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in lymphatic endothelial cells is required for robust lymphatic contractions under physiological conditions. By contrast, under inflammatory conditions, inducible NOS (iNOS)-expressing CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells attenuate lymphatic contraction. This inhibition of lymphatic contraction was associated with a reduction in the response to antigen in a model of immune-induced multiple sclerosis. These results suggest the suppression of lymphatic function by the CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells as a potential mechanism of self-protection from autoreactive responses during on-going inflammation. The central role for nitric oxide also suggests that other diseases such as cancer and infection may also mediate lymphatic contraction and thus immune response. Our unique method allows the study of lymphatic function and its molecular regulation during inflammation, lymphedema, and lymphatic metastasis.
Control of a robotic manipulator to grasp a moving target using vision (2002)

Consideration is given to grasping a moving target by adaptively controlling a robot manipulator. The adaptive controller is capable to compensate for the system modeling errors and unknown payloads without deterioration of its performance. Because of the time needed to extract information from the computer images, a time delay is inherent in the calculated position of the object. This can be circumvented by predicting the position of the object so that the end effector of the manipulator can grasp it. Since the dynamics of the object are assumed to be unknown, a prediction is performed based on an autoregressive (AR) model, which is determined using the information extracted from the computer images. The information is then utilized in the controller so that the manipulator will grasp the moving object. The details of the prediction scheme are given. Control of the manipulator is reviewed. A simulation study on a manipulator for grasping a moving target using vision information and a self-tuning controller is described. The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by the laboratory experiments presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mutational analysis of the cysteines in the extracellular domain of the human Ca2+ receptor: effects on cell surface expression, dimerization and signal transduction (1998)

Mammalian calcium receptors (CaRs) share with the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) the relative positions of 16 cysteine residues in the amino-terminal extracellular domain. To investigate the role of these cysteines, a series of mutants in the extracellular domain of the human CaR was prepared in which each of these 16 cysteine residues and three others not conserved in the mGluRs were replaced by serines. Wild-type and mutant CaR cDNAs were expressed in HEK-293 cells, and evaluated for expression and response to extracellular calcium. Mutation of three non-conserved cysteines and of two conserved cysteines produced proteins with near wild-type phenotype. In contrast, mutation of the other conserved cysteines gave proteins that showed drastic reduction in cell surface expression and/or failed to respond to calcium. We identified 14 cysteines essential for proper trafficking and function of the receptor, two of which may be involved in formation of a disulfide-linked dimer.
Effects of magnetic resonance imaging on polymorphonuclear neutrophil adhesion. (2001)

The results indicate that the PMN adhesion properties increase under the influence of MR imaging exposure. This phenomenon may be the result of direct stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils by the exposure to MR imaging.