gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress on PZT Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Technologies (2016)

Energy harvesting is the most effective way to respond to the energy shortage and to produce sustainable power sources from the surrounding environment. The energy harvesting technology enables scavenging electrical energy from wasted energy sources, which always exist everywhere, such as in heat, fluids, vibrations, etc. In particular, piezoelectric energy harvesting, which uses a direct energy conversion from vibrations and mechanical deformation to the electrical energy, is a promising technique to supply power sources in unattended electronic devices, wireless sensor nodes, micro-electronic devices, etc., since it has higher energy conversion efficiency and a simple structure. Up to now, various technologies, such as advanced materials, micro- and macro-mechanics, and electric circuit design, have been investigated and emerged to improve performance and conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvesters. In this paper, we focus on recent progress of piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies based on PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) materials, which have the most outstanding piezoelectric properties. The advanced piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies included materials, fabrications, unique designs, and properties are introduced to understand current technical levels and suggest the future directions of piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Prediction of novel drug indications using network driven biological data prioritization and integration (2014)

We found that representing drugs and diseases by genes with high centrality degree in gene networks is the most promising representation of drug or disease subnetworks.
Detection efficiency of energy‐dispersive detectors with low‐energy windows (2005)

Abstract Energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry offers the opportunity for fast composition determination of specimens by X‐ray fluorescence or electron probe microanalysis. For fundamental parameter based quantification, the knowledge of the detection efficiency of the spectrometer is essential. At low energies the efficiency is strongly influenced by X‐ray absorption in the radiation entrance window. State‐of‐the‐art windows consist of polymer foil containing C, N, and O, coated with Al and in some cases with a special B compound. The foil is supported by a Si grid to withstand the atmosphere pressure. The absorption of all these components must be known to describe the detection efficiency. The transmittance of three types of widely used commercial windows has been measured. Transmittance curves have been fitted by analytical expressions using tabulated mass absorption coefficients. Because tabulated mass absorption coefficients do not consider near edge effects, there are strong deviations between measured and calculated transmittance below 0.6 keV. It is proposed to model the spectrometer efficiency by the measured window transmittance and calculated absorptions from front contact and possible contaminations. This reduces the number of unknown parameters drastically. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
USP-11 as a Predictive and Prognostic Factor Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Women With Breast Cancer (2013)

Our data indicate that USP-11 is not a predictor of a pCR after anthracycline-taxane-containing NST for breast cancer. Low USP-11 expression was independently correlated with better survival outcomes.
Parallel processing and trusted database management systems (1993)

This paper applies parallel processing technology to database security technology and vice versa. We first describe the issues involved in incorporating multilevel security into parallel database management systems. In particular, we describe how multilevel security could be incorporated into the GAMMA architecture. Then we describe the use of parallel architectures to perform trusted database management system functions. In particular, we describe security constraint processing in trusted database management systems and show how parallel processing could enhance the performance of this function.
Assembly of Latex Particles by Using Emulsion Droplets as Templates. 1. Microstructured Hollow Spheres (1996)

We describe an emulsion-based technique that allows the assembly of colloid particles into microstructured or multicomponent clusters ("supraparticles"). The particles are gathered, assembled, and fixed together in the restricted, colloid-size 2D or 3D space provided by emulsion droplets. The process is carried out by multiple modification of the colloid interactions within the particle/droplet system"interaction-tailored colloid assembly". In the first paper of the series we provide a general description of the method. Then we present the data on the assembly of negatively charged (sulfate) or positively charged (amidine) latexes into ordered hollow spherical supraparticles. The following steps are included in the assembly schemes: (1) modification of latex surface charge and properties, so the microspheres are able to adsorb on the droplet surfaces but without homocoagulation; (2) adsorption and structure formation around the emulsion drops (at this stage the interfacial mobility of the particles is of crucial importance); (3) sterical protection of the particle/droplet complexes against coagulation or flocculation; (4) "binding" of particles within the assembled microspheres by strong coagulant; (5) extraction of the supraparticles by dissolving the carrier droplets in the surrounding environment. To characterize the electrostatic interactions throughout the assembly stages, we used electrophoretic mobility measurements. The electrophoretic data are in good qualitative agreement with the interaction-tailored assembly scheme. Clues on the other interactions involved are provided by altering the assembly process and using different modifying agents.
The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc (2002)

The ability of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc to resist compressive loads is due to its high content of the proteoglycan aggrecan. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is preceded and accompanied by a loss of aggrecan due to proteolysis. Biological repair of intervertebral disc degeneration should strive to restore aggrecan content to its optimal functional level. One approach to such repair is to supplement the degenerate nucleus with cells that are capable of aggrecan synthesis. Such cells can be supported in a biomolecular scaffold, but it is essential that the scaffold is compatible with high aggrecan retention if a functional tissue is to be attained.
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage — United States, December 29, 2020–January 12, 2021 (2021)

On December 14, 2020, the United Kingdom reported a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC), lineage B.1.1.7, also referred to as VOC 202012/01 or 20I/501Y.V1.* The B.1.1.7 variant is estimated to have emerged in September 2020 and has quickly become the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant in England (1). B.1.1.7 has been detected in over 30 countries, including the United States. As of January 13, 2021, approximately 76 cases of B.1.1.7 have been detected in 12 U.S. states.<sup>†</sup> Multiple lines of evidence indicate that B.1.1.7 is more efficiently transmitted than are other SARS-CoV-2 variants (1-3). The modeled trajectory of this variant in the U.S. exhibits rapid growth in early 2021, becoming the predominant variant in March. Increased SARS-CoV-2 transmission might threaten strained health care resources, require extended and more rigorous implementation of public health strategies (4), and increase the percentage of population immunity required for pandemic control. Taking measures to reduce transmission now can lessen the potential impact of B.1.1.7 and allow critical time to increase vaccination coverage. Collectively, enhanced genomic surveillance combined with continued compliance with effective public health measures, including vaccination, physical distancing, use of masks, hand hygiene, and isolation and quarantine, will be essential to limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Strategic testing of persons without symptoms but at higher risk of infection, such as those exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or who have frequent unavoidable contact with the public, provides another opportunity to limit ongoing spread.
Bruton tyrosine kinase is essential for botrocetin/VWF-induced signaling and GPIb-dependent thrombus formation in vivo (2006)

Botrocetin (bt)-facilitated binding of von Willebrand factor (VWF) to the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex on platelets in suspension initiates a signaling cascade that causes alphaIIbbeta3 activation and platelet aggregation. Previous work has demonstrated that bt/VWF-mediated agglutination activates alphaIIbbeta3 and elicits ATP secretion in a thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-dependent manner. The signaling that results in TxA2 production was shown to be initiated by Lyn, enhanced by Src, and propagated through Syk, SLP-76, PI3K, PLCgamma2, and PKC. Here, we demonstrate that the signaling elicited by GPIb-mediated agglutination that results in TxA2 production is dependent on Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk). The results demonstrate that Btk is downstream of Lyn, Syk, SLP-76, and PI3K; upstream of ERK1/2, PLCgamma2, and PKC; and greatly enhances Akt phosphorylation. The relationship(s), if any, between ERK1/2, PLCgamma2, and PKC were not elucidated. The requirement for Btk and TxA2 receptor function in GPIb-dependent arterial thrombosis was confirmed in vivo by characterizing blood flow in ferric chloride-treated mouse carotid arteries. These results demonstrate that the Btk family kinase, Tec, cannot provide the function(s) missing because of the absence of Btk and that Btk is essential for both bt/VWF-mediated agglutination-induced TxA2 production and GPIb-dependent stable arterial thrombus formation in vivo.
Transcriptional Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Identifies Novel Genes with Potential Diagnostic Utility (2011)

In summary, we report the first in-depth comparison of global gene expression profiles of PBMCs between PC patients and healthy controls. We have also identified a gene predictor set that can potentially be developed further for use in diagnostic algorithms in PC. Future directions of this research should include analysis of PBMC expression profiles in patients with chronic pancreatitis as well as increasing the number of early-stage patients to assess the utility of PBMCs in the early diagnosis of PC.
Soluble polysaccharide and biomass of red microalgaPorphyridiumsp. alter intestinal morphology and reduce serum cholesterol in rats (2000)

The present study investigated the effects of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. on gastrointestinal physiology and lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diets containing dietary fibre from pelleted red microalgal cells (biomass) or their sulfated polysaccharide, pectin or cellulose (control) were fed to rats for a period of 30 d. All three fibre-supplemented diets increased the length of both the small intestine and colon, with a significantly greater effect in rats fed the algal polysaccharide. The polysaccharide also increased mucosa and muscularis cross-sectional area of the jejunum, and caused hypertrophy in the muscularis layer. The algal biomass significantly lowered gastrointestinal transit time by 44% in comparison with the control rats. Serum and mucosal cholecystokinin levels were lower in rats on the pectin and polysaccharide diets, while cholecystokinin levels in rats fed algal biomass were not different from those in the control animals. In comparison with the control diet, all the experimental diets significantly lowered serum cholesterol levels (22-29%). Feeding of non-fermentable algal polysaccharide or biomass significantly increased faecal weight and bile acid excretion compared with pectin-fed or control rats. The algal polysaccharide and biomass were thus shown to be potent hypocholesterolaemic agents active at low concentrations in the diet. Both metabolic and morphological changes were observed following consumption of algae, suggesting several possible mechanisms by which the alga affects lipid metabolism. The results presented in the present study encourage the use of red microalga as a functional food.
Overlay Error Estimation of Wafer Rear Surface Alignment for 0.1-µm Lithography (1993)

This paper proposes using the wafer rear surface alignment (RSA) method in a lithography system in order to achieve 0.1-µm lithography. To evaluate alignment limitations, the error due to processed layers, which induces degradation of mark visibility, is measured with two conventional sensors. One is a heterodyne sensor that is stable for grained aluminum samples. The other is a broad-band sensor effective for reducing the multiple interference effect in resist films. With these sensors, the estimated limitation is 0.053 µm ( M ±3σ), obtained in both experiments and in simulations. The RSA method is effective in overcoming this limitation, because there are no disturbance marks due to resist film or grained aluminum film. The RSA is shown to improve the alignment limitation from 0.053 µm to 0.031 µm ( M ±3σ).
MicroRNA-29c Prevents Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Epithelial Cell Renewal and Apoptosis (2017)

Successful repair and renewal of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are critical in prohibiting the accumulation of myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are multifocal regulators involved in lung injury and repair. However, the contribution of miRNAs to AEC2 renewal and apoptosis is incompletely understood. We report that miRNA-29c (miR-29c) expression is lower in AEC2s of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than in healthy lungs. Epithelial cells overexpressing miR-29c show higher proliferative rates and viability. miR-29c protects epithelial cells from apoptosis by targeting forkhead box O3a (Foxo3a). Both overexpression of miR-29c conventionally and AEC2s specifically lead to less fibrosis and better recovery in vivo. Furthermore, deficiency of miR-29c in AEC2s results in higher apoptosis and reduced epithelial renewal. Interestingly, a gene network including a subset of apoptotic genes was coregulated by both Toll-like receptor 4 and miR-29c. Taken together, miR-29c maintains epithelial integrity and promotes recovery from lung injury, thereby attenuating lung fibrosis in mice.
Evaluation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9: Focus on Potential Clinical and Therapeutic Implications for Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering (2013)

Reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with a decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD). Statins are currently the most effective medications for LDL-C lowering; however, there continues to be a residual risk for cardiovascular events. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protease that promotes LDL receptor degradation, leading to an increase in LDL-C blood levels. Patients with PCSK9 gain-of-function mutations can have up to a 20-fold increase in associated CHD compared with patients without these mutations. Conversely, patients with PCSK9 loss-of-function mutations can have up to an 88% reduction in CHD without any deficits in neurologic or physiologic functions. PCSK9 can be modulated by current antihyperlipidemic therapies. In particular, statins lead to an increase in PCSK9, which may attenuate their full lipid-lowering effects. These attributes have made PCSK9 inhibition a desirable target for future drug therapies. Current investigational modalities inhibiting PCSK9 will also be discussed.
Lactoferrin-lipopolysaccharide interaction: involvement of the 28-34 loop region of human lactoferrin in the high-affinity binding to Escherichia coli 055B5 lipopolysaccharide (1995)

The ability of lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein that is also called lactotransferrin, to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be relevant to some of its biological properties. A knowledge of the LPS-binding site on Lf may help to explain the mechanism of its involvement in host defence. Our report reveals the presence of two Escherichia coli 055B5 LPS-binding sites on human Lf (hLf): a high-affinity binding site (Kd 3.6 +/- 1 nM) and a low-affinity binding site (Kd 390 +/- 20 nM). Bovine Lf (bLf), which shares about 70% amino acid sequence identity with hLf, exhibits the same behaviour towards LPS. Like hLf, bLf also contains a low- and a high-affinity LPS-binding site. The Kd value (4.5 +/- 2 nM) corresponding to the high-affinity binding site is similar to that obtained for hLf. Different LPS-binding sites for human serum transferrin have been suggested, as this protein, which is known to bind bacterial endotoxin, produced only 12% inhibition of hLf-LPS interaction. Binding and competitive binding experiments performed with the N-tryptic fragment (residues 4-283), the C-tryptic fragment (residues 284-692) and the N2-glycopeptide (residues 91-255) isolated from hLf have demonstrated that the high-affinity binding site is located in the N-terminal domain I of hLf, and the low-affinity binding site is present in the C-terminal lobe. The inhibition of hLf-LPS interaction by a synthetic octadecapeptide corresponding to residues 20-37 of hLf and lactoferricin B (residues 17-41), a proteolytic fragment from bLf, revealed the importance of the 28-34 loop region of hLf and the homologous region of bLf for LPS binding. Direct evidence that this amino acid sequence is involved in the high-affinity binding to LPS was demonstrated by assays carried out with EGS-loop hLf, a recombinant hLf mutated at residues 28-34.
Pseudomonas cepacia 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase. Sequence and expression in Escherichia coli of structural and repressor genes. (1990)

A 3969-base pair PstI-PstI fragment of Pseudomonas cepacia DNA containing the gene for the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent 2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase (pyruvate) (EC 4.1.1.64) was cloned in Escherichia coli. The insert was sequenced by the dideoxy method using nested deletions from both ends, revealing a central 1302-base pair region that codes for the decarboxylase subunit. The recombinant enzyme was expressed in E. coli, purified to homogeneity, and sequenced at the amino terminus. Also, a cofactor-labeled active site peptide was sequenced. The carboxyl terminus of the deduced amino acid sequence is homologous with the carboxyl terminus of mammalian ornithine aminotransferase; the active site sequence is similar to the active site sequences of several other aminotransferases. No homologies with known decarboxylase sequences could be found. Expression of the decarboxylase gene is negatively controlled by a 687-nucleotide sequence upstream of and diverging from the structural gene. Expression is induced by S-isovaline, 2-methylalanine, and D-2-aminobutanoic acid, but not by glycine, D- or L-alanine, L-2-aminobutanoic acid, R-isovaline, or other alkyl amino acids.
Cellular senescence, telomere recombination and maintenance (2008)

Cellular senescence can be activated by various types of stressful stimuli, including telomere shortening, oncogenic or tumor suppressor signals, and DNA damage. Progressive telomere shortening in successive cell divisions induces senescence due to the loss of terminal sequences during DNA replication. Maintenance of the telomere sequences at human chromosome ends is essential for immortalized cells to escape from the normal limitations of the proliferation capacity. In this article, the molecular and functional details of telomere maintenance and cellular senescence are reviewed, including the signals that trigger senescence, telomere capping, and the telomere length maintenance mechanisms.
Zirconium Phosphinimide Complexes:  Synthesis, Structure, and Deactivation Pathways in Ethylene Polymerization Catalysis (2001)

Zirconium phosphinimide complexes of the form CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)Cl2 (1) and Cp*Zr(NPR3)Cl2 (R = i-Pr (2), t-Bu (3)) were readily prepared under ambient conditions via the reaction of [CpZrCl3]n or Cp*ZrCl3 with the appropriate trialkylphosphinimide lithium salt (R3PNLi). A series of derivatives were readily obtained via alkylation or arylation of the above dihalide precursors. These included CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)Me2 (4), Cp*Zr(NPR3)Me2 (R = i-Pr (5), t-Bu (6)), CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)Ph2(7), Cp*Zr(NPR3)Ph2 (R = i-Pr (8), t-Bu (9)), CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)Bn2 (10), CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)(CH2SiMe3)2 (11), Cp*Zr(NPR3)(allyl)2 (R = i-Pr (12), t-Bu (13)), Cp*Zr(NPR3)(Cp)Cl (R = i-Pr (14), t-Bu (15)), and Cp*Zr(NPR3)(CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2) (R = i-Pr (16), t-Bu (17)). Reaction of 17 with the borane B(C6F5)3 yielded the zwitterionic and cationic complexes Cp*Zr(NP-t-Bu3)(CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2B(C6F5)3) (18) and Cp*Zr(NP-t-Bu3)(THF)(CH2C(CH3)C(CH3)CH2B(C6F5)3) (19). A number of the above compounds were screened for their potential as catalyst precursors in ethylene polymerization. In general, upon activation with methylaluminoxane, the resulting catalysts exhibit low activity. Efforts to understand the deactivation pathway for these zirconium catalysts involved investigating the interactions of catalyst precursors with activators. For example, reaction of 4 with the borane B(C6F5)3 leads to aryl group transfer and formation of catalytically inactive CpZr(NP-t-Bu3)(C6F5)2 (20). Interactions with MAO were modeled via reaction with AlMe3. The Zr clusters (Cp*Zr)4(μ-Cl)5(Cl)(μ-CH)2 (21) and (Cp*Zr)5(μ-Cl)6(μ-CH)3 (22) were two of the products that were characterized from these reactions. The isolation of 21 and 22 infers that aryl for methyl exchange, ligand abstraction, and C−H bond activation may be catalyst deactivation pathways.
Antiangiogenic effect of alpha-anordrin in vitro and in vivo. (2000)

alpha-Ano possesses an antiangiogenic effect, and this effect is mediated, at least in part, by reducing the NO content and subsequently inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.
Protein Prenylation: Enzymes, Therapeutics, and Biotechnology Applications (2014)

Protein prenylation is a ubiquitous covalent post-translational modification found in all eukaryotic cells, comprising attachment of either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl isoprenoid. It is essential for the proper cellular activity of numerous proteins, including Ras family GTPases and heterotrimeric G-proteins. Inhibition of prenylation has been extensively investigated to suppress the activity of oncogenic Ras proteins to achieve antitumor activity. Here, we review the biochemistry of the prenyltransferase enzymes and numerous isoprenoid analogs synthesized to investigate various aspects of prenylation and prenyltransferases. We also give an account of the current status of prenyltransferase inhibitors as potential therapeutics against several diseases including cancers, progeria, aging, parasitic diseases, and bacterial and viral infections. Finally, we discuss recent progress in utilizing protein prenylation for site-specific protein labeling for various biotechnology applications.