gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An intracellular signaling hierarchy determines direction of migration in opposing chemotactic gradients (2002)

Neutrophils must follow both endogenous and bacterial chemoattractant signals out of the vasculature and through the interstitium to arrive at a site of infection. By necessity, in the setting of multiple chemoattractants, the neutrophils must prioritize, favoring end target chemoattractants (e.g., fMLP and C5a) emanating from the site of infection over intermediary endogenous chemoattractants (e.g., IL-8 and LTB4) encountered en route to sites of infection. In this study, we propose a hierarchical model of two signaling pathways mediating the decision-making process of the neutrophils, which allows end target molecules to dominate over intermediary chemoattractants. In an under agarose assay, neutrophils predominantly migrated toward end target chemoattractants via p38 MAPK, whereas intermediary chemoattractant-induced migration was phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt dependent. When faced with competing gradients of end target and intermediary chemoattractants, Akt activation was significantly reduced within neutrophils, and the cells migrated preferentially toward end target chemoattractants even at 1/1,000th that of intermediary chemoattractants. End target molecules did not require chemotactic properties, since the p38 MAPK activator, LPS, also inhibited Akt and prevented migration to intermediary chemoattractants. p38 MAPK inhibitors not only reversed this hierarchy, such that neutrophils migrated preferentially toward intermediary chemoattractants, but also allowed neutrophils to be drawn out of a local end target chemoattractant environment and toward intermediary chemoattractants unexpectedly in an exaggerated (two- to fivefold) fashion. This was entirely related to significantly increased magnitude and duration of Akt activation. Finally, end target chemoattractant responses were predominantly Mac-1 dependent, whereas nondominant chemoattractants used primarily LFA-1. These data provide support for a two pathway signaling model wherein the end target chemoattractants activate p38 MAPK, which inhibits intermediary chemoattractant-induced PI3K/Akt pathway, establishing an intracellular signaling hierarchy.
The Fas-induced Apoptosis Analyzed by High Throughput Proteome Analysis (2000)

The fate of cytosolic proteins was studied during Fas-induced cell death of Jurkat T-lymphocytes by proteome analysis. Among 1000 spots resolved in two-dimensional gels, comparison of control versus apoptotic cells revealed that the signal intensity of 19 spots decreased or even disappeared, whereas 38 novel spots emerged. These proteins were further analyzed with respect to de novo protein synthesis, phosphorylation status, and intracellular localization by metabolic labeling and analysis of subcellular protein fractions in combination with two-dimensional Western blots and mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic digests. We found that e.g. hsp27, hsp70B, calmodulin, and H-ras synthesis was induced upon Fas signaling. 34 proteins were affected by dephosphorylation (e.g. endoplasmin) and phosphorylation (e.g. hsc70, hsp57, and hsp90). Nuclear annexin IV translocated to the cytosol, whereas decreasing cytosolic TCP-1alpha became detectable in the nucleus. In addition, degradation of 12 proteins was observed; among them myosin heavy chain was identified as a novel caspase target. Fas-induced proteome alterations were compared with those of other cell death inducers, indicating specific physiological characteristics of different cell death mechanisms, consequent to as well as independent of caspase activation. Characteristic proteome alterations of apoptotic cells at early time points were found reminiscent of those of malignant cells in vivo.
Kinetics of cytotoxicity induced by immunotoxins. Enhancement by lysosomotropic amines and carboxylic ionophores. (1984)

The kinetics of cytotoxicity induced by ricin and a series of immunotoxins consisting of ricin A-chain coupled to antibodies against cell-surface antigens has been studied. The inhibition of protein synthesis in cells treated with immunotoxins or ricin occurs after a lag period. The rate of protein synthesis decreases according to a mono-exponential function, indicating a first-order process. With increasing concentration of immunotoxin, a maximal rate of inhibition is reached. The inactivation rate induced by immunotoxins was much slower than that achieved with ricin, even when products were compared on a basis of an identical number of molecules bound per cell, demonstrating the real higher efficacy of ricin. The time required to reduce protein synthesis by 90%, denoted T10, was 1.4-1.6 h with ricin, 60 h with anti-T65 immunotoxin on CEM human T leukemia cells (T65 positive), 65 h with anti-p97 immunotoxin on SK-MEL 28 human melanoma cells (p97 positive), and 20 h with an IgM anti-Thy 1.2 immunotoxin on WEHI-7 mouse T leukemia cells (Thy 1.2 positive). In this latter case, when the IgM antibody was replaced by an IgG anti-Thy 1.2, a 5-fold increase in the inactivation rate was obtained, demonstrating the importance of the binding moiety for the immunotoxins. Lysosomotropic amines such as ammonium chloride, chloroquine, and methylamine and carboxylic ionophores such as monensin, which are known to interfere with the uptake of certain macromolecules, strongly increased the rate of protein synthesis inhibition by all immunotoxins tested and increased 4-50,000-fold the sensitivity of cells to the immunotoxin. Enhancement in the inactivation rate was as much as 7-10-fold when either of these compounds was added, generating T10 values comparable to those of ricin.
A New Synthesis of Dibenzoselenophene1 (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of Dibenzoselenophene1James D. McCullough, Tod W. Campbell, and Edwin S. GouldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 12, 5753–5754Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01168a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01168a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 336-neuron, 28 K-synapse, self-learning neural network chip with branch-neuron-unit architecture (1991)

A self-learning neural network chip based on the branch-neuron-unit (BNU) architecture, which expands the scale of a neural network by interconnecting multiple chips without reducing performance, is described. The chip integrates 336 neurons and 28224 synapses with a 1.0- mu m double-poly-Si double-metal CMOS technology. The operation speed is higher than 1*10/sup 12/ connections per second per chip. It is estimated that the network scale can be expanded to several hundred chips. In the case of 200-chip interconnections, the network will consist of 3360 neurons and 5,644,800 synapses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endonuclease-induced, targeted homologous extrachromosomal recombination in Xenopus oocytes. (1995)

Homologous recombination in gene targeting in most organisms occurs by an inefficient mechanism. Inducing a double-strand break in the chromosomal target may increase this efficiency by allowing recombination to proceed by the highly efficient single-strand annealing mechanism. A gene targeting experiment was modeled in Xenopus oocytes by using a circular plasmid to mimic the chromosomal target site and a homologous linear molecule (pick-up fragment or PUF) as an analogue of the vector DNA. When those two molecules were simply injected together, no recombination was observed. In contrast, when the circular plasmid was cleaved in vivo by injection of the site-specific endonuclease, I-Sce I, relatively efficient intermolecular recombination occurred, involving up to 17% of the cleaved molecules. Recombination was dependent on the stability of the PUF; product yield was increased by using longer fragments and by injecting larger amounts of linear DNA, both of which increased the lifetime of the PUF in the oocytes. These results demonstrate that in vivo double-strand breaks can induce homologous recombination of reluctant substrates and may be useful in augmenting the efficiency of gene targeting.
Optical properties of silicon network polymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical properties of silicon network polymersKazuaki Furukawa, Masaie Fujino, and Nobuo MatsumotoCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 14, 3423–3426Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00216a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00216a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurohypophyseal hormones, analogs, and fragments: their effect on puromycin-induced amnesia. (1975)

Neurohypophyseal hormones and several of their analogs, as well as N-terminal and C-terminal fragments, have been studied for their ability to attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia in mice. [8-Lysine]vasopressin, [8-arginine]vasopressin, and the analogs des-9-glycinamide-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-lysine]vasopressin, [4-leucine, 8-lysine]vasopressin, glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin, [1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid, 8-D-arginine]vasopressin, and [1,6-aminosuberic acid, 8-arginine]vasopressin are active. [8-Arginine]oxytocin as well as oxytocin and all of its other analogs tested are inactive with the striking exception of glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-oxytocin. The structural aspects of the neurohypophyseal hormones which appear to be important for significant activity in memory consolidation include the combination of a cyclic moiety containing the Tyr and Phe residues along with a basic residue in position 8. Another series of active compounds comprises C-terminal neurohypophyseal peptides and analogs thereof, including the naturally occurring Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and, most surprisingly, Leu-Gly-NH2, as well as its derivatives D-Leu-Gly-NH2 and the diketopiperazine, cyclo(-Leu-Gly-).
Quercetin downregulates NADPH oxidase, increases eNOS activity and prevents endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2005)

Enhanced eNOS activity and decreased NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide anion (O2) generation associated with reduced p47 expression appear to be essential mechanisms for the improvement of endothelial function and the antihypertensive effects of chronic quercetin.
Cytoplasmic Domain of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C Inhibits Adenylyl Cyclase (1996)

Natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) is a disulfide-linked homodimer with an approximately 440-amino acid extracellular domain and a 37-amino acid cytoplasmic domain; it functions in the internalization and degradation of bound ligand. The use of NPR-C-specific natriuretic peptide analogs has implicated this receptor in mediating the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase or activation of phospholipase C. In the present studies we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domain of NPR-C in signaling the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Polyclonal rabbit antisera were raised against a 37-amino acid synthetic peptide (R37A) corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of NPR-C. Incubation of anti-R37A with rat heart particulate fractions blocked atrial natriuretic peptide-dependent inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. The cytoplasmic domain peptides R37A and TMC (10 residues of transmembrane domain appended on R37A) were equipotent in inhibiting adenylyl cyclase (Ki approximately 1 nM) in a GTP-dependent manner, whereas K37E (a scrambled peptide control for R37A) did not inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity. Prior incubation of membranes with pertussis toxin blocked R37A or TMC inhibition of cAMP production. Detergent solubilization of the rat heart particulate fraction destroyed natriuretic peptide inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, but TMC was able to inhibit cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide evidence that the 37-amino acid cytoplasmic domain of NPR-C is sufficient for signaling inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
Potential role of serum BAFF as a biomarker in HIV infection (2015)

We evaluated the potential role of serum B-cell activating factor (BAFF) as a biomarker in HIV infection and analyzed the relationship between BAFF concentration and the immunophenotypic activation status of T-cells. We tested the hypothesis that higher serum BAFF concentrations are associated with risk for development of AIDS in HIV positive individuals. Forty-one HIV patients (CDC category A 17, category B 24) were evaluated retrospectively. Serum BAFF concentrations were assessed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cox regression was used to estimate the probability for development of AIDS. Patients with higher BAFF concentrations (> 2100 pg/mL) were at greater risk of developing AIDS (relative hazard 5.69; p = 0.0033). BAFF levels were independently associated with risk of AIDS after adjustment by clinical risk factors. Serum BAFF was correlated with activated T-cell subsets and with neopterin levels. BAFF is a good candidate for further evaluation as a nonspecific surrogate marker in HIV infection.
PYNOD, a novel Apaf‐1/CED4‐like protein is an inhibitor of ASC and caspase‐1 (2004)

Recently, a large subfamily of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-containing proteins that have an N-terminal pyrin-like domain and C-terminal leucine-rich repeats has been described. In this study, we identified PYNOD, a novel member of this family that lacks the leucine-rich repeats. We found that human PYNOD mRNA is expressed in various tissues and at high levels in heart, skeletal muscle and brain. It is also expressed in various cell lines, including haematopoietic cell lines. PYNOD oligomerizes and binds to ASC, an adaptor protein that plays a role in apoptotic and inflammatory signal transduction, and to caspase-1 and IL-1beta. PYNOD inhibits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC)-mediated NF-kappaB activation and apoptosis, and caspase-1-mediated IL-1beta maturation, and it does so in the presence and absence of constitutively active mutants of CARD12 and PYPAF1, which are enhancers of these processes. Thus, PYNOD is a novel regulator of apoptosis and inflammation.
Postimplantation Mammalian Embryos: A Practical Approach (1990)

D.L. Cockroft: Dissection and culture of postimplantation embryos K. Muneoka, C. Trevino, N. Wanek, & S.V. Bryant: Exo Utero surgery V.E. Papaioannou: In Utero manipulations M.H. Kaufman: Morphological stages of postimplantation embryonic development N.A. Brown: Routine assessment of morphology and growth: scoring systems and measurements of size M. Stanisstreet: Scanning electron microscopy and morphometry M.M. Martins-Green: Transmission electron microscopy and immunolabelling for light and electron microscopy D.G. Wilkinson, & J. Green: In Situ hybridization and the three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections J.P. Estibeiro, A.J. Copp, D.L. Cockroft, N.A. Brown, & D.O. Clarke: Extraction of macromolecules from embryonic material M.F.W. Festing: Choice of an experimental animal and rodent genetics C.E. Steele, & G.P. Copping: Teratogen testing P.E. Mirkes, & A.G. Fantel: Maternal influences on development S.J. Freeman: Functions of extraembryonic membranes R.S.P. Beddington, & K.A. Lawson: Clonal analysis of cell lineages A.J. Copp: Studying developmental mechanisms in intact embryos P.P.L. Tam: Studying developmental in embryo fragments
Accumulation of Phase‐Shift Nanoemulsions to Enhance MR‐Guided Ultrasound‐Mediated Tumor Ablation In Vivo (2013)

Magnetic resonance‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) is being explored as a non‐invasive technology to treat solid tumors. However, the clinical use of HIFU for tumor ablation applications is currently limited by the long treatment times required. Phase‐shift nanoemulsions (PSNE), consisting of liquid perfluorocarbon droplets that can be vaporized into microbubbles, are being developed to accelerate HIFU‐mediated heating. The purpose of this study was to examine accumulation of PSNE in intramuscular rabbit tumors in vivo. MR images were acquired before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium‐containing PSNE. MR signal enhancement was observed in rabbit tumors up to six hours after injection, indicating that PSNE accumulated in the tumors. In addition, PSNE vaporization was detected in the tumor with B‐mode ultrasound imaging, and MR thermometry measurements indicated that PSNE accelerated the rate of HIFU‐mediated heating. These results suggest that PSNE could dramatically improve the efficiency and clinical feasibility of MRgHIFU.
Kinetics of esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol by homogeneous catalysis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol by homogeneous catalysisHans Jorg Bart, Johann Reidetschlager, Klemens Schatka, and Andreas LehmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 1, 21–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00025a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1384Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (511 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Overview of nanoelectronic devices (1997)

This paper provides an overview of research developments toward nanometer-scale electronic switching devices for use in building ultra-densely integrated electronic computers. Specifically, two classes of alternatives to the field-effect transistor are considered: (1) quantum-effect and single-electron solid-state devices and (2) molecular electronic devices. A taxonomy of devices in each class is provided, operational principles are described and compared for the various types of devices, and the literature about each is surveyed. This information is presented in nonmathematical terms intended for a general, technically interested readership.
Combining the Box Structure Development Method and CSP for Software Development (2005)

In this paper, we combine the Box Structure Development Method (BSDM) [H.D. Mills, R.C. Linger, and A.R. Hevner. Principles of Information Systems Analysis and Design. Academic Press, 1986, S.J. Prowell, C.J. Trammell, R.C. Linger, and J.H. Poore. Cleanroom Software Engineering - Technology and Process. Addison-Wesley, 1998] and CSP [C.A.R. Hoare. Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice Hall, 1985, A.W. Roscoe. The Theory and Practice of Concurrency. Prentice Hall, 1998], integrating them into industrial software development processes. BSDM was developed with practical software projects in mind and provides a framework for developing formal design specifications that are fully traceable to the informal requirements. It integrates well into an industrial setting and forms an ideal bridge between the actual system being developed and the abstract models used for formal analysis. CSP complements BSDM by providing the mathematical framework for formal verification, together with its model checker FDR. In this paper, we present generic algorithms for translating specifications from BSDM into CSP, illustrate how they can be formally verified using FDR and summarise an industrial case-study.
Modulation of food intake following deep brain stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the vervet monkey (2008)

This is the first study in which techniques of hypothalamic DBS in humans have been applied in freely moving nonhuman primates. Future studies can now be conducted to determine whether VMH DBS can change hypothalamic responsivity to endocrine signals associated with adiposity for long-term modulation of food intake.
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry Using Natural and Synthetic Materials (1996)

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry Using Natural and Synthetic Materials Get access L. Bøtter-Jensen, L. Bøtter-Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.W.S. McKeever (INVITED) S.W.S. McKeever (INVITED) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 65, Issue 1-4, 1 June 1996, Pages 273–280, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031640 Published: 01 June 1996