gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential binding of chemokines to macrophages and neutrophils in the human inflamed synovium (2002)

In chronic inflammatory foci, such as the rheumatoid joint, there is enhanced recruitment of phagocytes from the blood into the tissues. Chemokines are strongly implicated in directing the migration of these cells, although little is known regarding the chemokine receptors that could mediate their chemotaxis into the joint tissue. Therefore the objective of the study was to identify chemokine binding sites on macrophages and neutrophils within the rheumatoid synovium using radiolabeled ligand binding and in situ autoradiography. Specific binding sites for CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and CXCL8 (IL-8) were demonstrated on CD68+ macrophages in the subintimal and intimal layers. The number and percentage of intimal cells that bound chemokines were greater in inflamed regions compared to noninflamed regions. The intensity of intimal binding varied between chemokines with the rank order, CCL3 > CCL5 > CCL2 > CXCL8. Neutrophils throughout the synovium bound CXCL8 but did not show any signal for binding CCL2, CCL3 or CCL5. Immunohistochemistry showed that both CXCR1 and CXCR2 are expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in the rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovia, suggesting that both of these receptors are responsible for the CXCL8 binding. The chemokine binding sites described on phagocytes may be involved in the migration of these cells into the inflamed joint.
Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells. (1992)

Borna disease virus, an unclassified infectious agent, causes immune-mediated neurologic disease in a wide variety of animal hosts and may be involved in pathogenesis of selected neuropsychiatric diseases in man. Initial reports suggested that Borna disease virus is a single-stranded RNA virus. We describe here a method for isolation of viral particles that has allowed definitive identification of the genome as containing a negative-polarity RNA. Further, we show that the viral mRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus.
An efficient multilayer MCM router based on four-via routing (1993)

Article Free Access Share on An efficient multilayer MCM router based on four-via routing Authors: Kei-Yong Khoo View Profile , Jason Cong View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 590–595https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.165059Published:01 July 1993Publication History 24citation230DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads230Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Sidelobe control in cylindrical arrays (1982)

Low sidelobe patterns in cylindrical arrays are synthesized through the use of an artificially created noise source environment. Pattern/excitation pairs are generated by an exact formal process which optimizes the array performance. For symmetric patterns this process minimizes the signal-to-noise power ratio. For optimum antisymmetric patterns the on-axis boresight error is minimized. Sidelobe levels and rate of decay are controlled by proper selection of the angular variation of the noise amplitude.
Introduction of exogenous growth hormone receptors augments growth hormone-responsive insulin biosynthesis in rat insulinoma cells. (1990)

The stimulation of insulin biosynthesis in the pancreatic insulinoma cell line RIN5-AH by growth hormone (GH) is initiated by GH binding to specific receptors. To determine whether the recently cloned rat hepatic GH receptor is able to mediate the insulinotropic effect of GH, we have transfected a GH receptor cDNA under the transcriptional control of the human metallothionein promoter into RIN5-AH cells. The transfected cells were found to exhibit an increased expression of GH receptors and to contain a specific GH receptor mRNA that was not expressed in the parent cell line. The expression of GH receptors in one clone (1.24) selected for detailed analysis was increased 2.6-fold compared to untransfected cells. The increased GH receptor expression was accompanied by an increased responsiveness to GH. Thus, the maximal GH-stimulated increase of insulin biosynthesis was 4.1-fold in 1.24 cells compared to 1.9-fold in the nontransfected RIN5-AH cells. The expression of the transfected receptor was stimulated 1.6- and 2.3-fold when cells were cultured in the presence of 25 or 50 microM Zn2+, respectively. The increased expression of the GH receptor by Zn2+ was associated with an increased magnitude of GH-stimulated insulin biosynthesis. A close stoichiometric relationship between the level of receptor expression and the level of GH-stimulated insulin biosynthesis was observed. We conclude from these results that the hepatic GH receptor is able to mediate the effect of GH on insulin biosynthesis in RIN5-AH cells.
Taxol (paclitaxel) involution of articular cartilage destruction in collagen induced arthritis: an ultrastructural demonstration of an increased superficial chondroprotective layer. (2000)

The involution of CIA by Taxol suggests that this agent may be useful in the clinical treatment of RA.
Principles of Compiler Design (Addison-Wesley series in computer science and information processing) (1977)

The results of the palliative treatment by laser photo-ablation for esophageal and gastric cancers in 79 nonsurgical patients are reported. The aim of treatment was to relieve dysphagia in 60 patients with an obstructive tumor, to maintain esophageal lumen patency in 8 patients with a nonobstructive tumor, and to completely destroy 11 small tumors. The success rate in the patients with dysphagia was 78 p. 100. Functional improvement lasted as long as patients survived with further treatment required once or twice a month. The best results were obtained in exophytic, non circumferential lesions, and in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction. The localization at the upper third of the esophagus was associated with poor prognosis. The complication rate was 6.6 p. 100. Eight of the 11 small lesions were completely destroyed, but radiation therapy had been associated in four cases with invasive cancer, one of which recurred after 6 months. No complications occurred in this last group of patients.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Measurement of Physiological Glucose Levels in Variable Matrices of Protein and Triglycerides (1996)

Selective calibration models are generated for glucose over the 1-20 nM concentration range by use of partial least-squares regression analysis of near-infrared spectra from 5000 to 4000 cm-1. Two spectral data sets are used to simulate triglyceride and protein variations in clinical samples. Triacetin is used in one data set to simulate variations in triglyceride levels, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used in the second data set to simulate variations in blood protein levels. Although these matrix components possess strong absorption bands that overlap and overshadow the absorption bands of glucose, successful calibration models can be generated with no evidence of prediction bias caused by the different levels of the matrix components. Furthermore, the benefits of using digital Fourier filtering as a preprocessing step are evaluated in terms of calibration performance. The resulting calibration models provide standard errors of prediction of 0.5 and 0.2 mM in triacetin and BSA matrices, respectively. Accurate glucose predictions are demonstrated from spectra that correspond to protein concentrations not present in the calibration data set. Lastly, digital Fourier filtering alone is shown to have only limited ability to isolate glucose signals from those of BSA and triacetin due to similarities in the widths of the absorption bands of the three species.
Inhibition of the Adherence of P-FimbriatedEscherichia colito Uroepithelial-Cell Surfaces by Proanthocyanidin Extracts from Cranberries (1998)

The article "Global Surveillance for Antituberculosis-Drug Resistance, 1994-1997" by Pablos-Mndez et al. (June 4 issue) 1 is a clarion call to action by governments and health officials worldwide to combat the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Analysis on the Relating Factors of Managerial Performance of Local Government Hospitals (2009)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal factors that influence the performance of local government hospitals in Korea. There are 34 hospitals in korea as of 2008. Among these hospitals 5 are profit-making and the other loss-making in terms of profitability. Data was collected by Institute of local government hospital union. The major findings of this study was as follows : Firstly, 7 hospitals are high level, over than 100% of fixed ratio. But that result was better than the other study 5 years ago. Secondly, 29 hospitals are bellow 85% of bed occupancy rate. There are a number of hospitals didn't use the facilities and the personnel cost in total costs are high. And lastly, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to total assets are personnel cost(-), liability to total assets(-), average length of stay(-), outpatient visits to inpatient days(-). In conclusion, to improve the profitability of hospitals, the efforts to reduce personnel cost and to increase bed occupancy rate.
The rate and equilibrium constants for a multistep reaction sequence for the aggregation of superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2004)

Mutation-induced aggregation of the dimeric enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has been implicated in the familial form of the disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but the mechanism of aggregation is not known. Here, we show that in vitro SOD1 aggregation is a multistep reaction that minimally consists of dimer dissociation, metal loss from the monomers, and oligomerization of the apo-monomers: [reaction: see text], where D(holo), M(holo), M(apo), and A are the holo-dimer, holo-monomer, apo-monomer, and aggregate, respectively. Under aggregation-promoting conditions (pH 3.5), the rate and equilibrium constants corresponding to each step are: (i) dimer dissociation, Kd approximately 1 microM; k(off) approximately 1 x 10(-3) s(-1), k(on) approximately 1 x 10(3) M(-1).s(-1); (ii) metal loss, Km approximately 0.1 microM, km- approximately 1 x 10(-3)s(-1), km+ approximately 1 x 10(4) M(-1).s(-1); and (iii) assembly (rate-limiting step), k(agg) approximately 1 x 10(3) M(-1).s(-1). In contrast, under near-physiological conditions (pH 7.8), where aggregation is drastically reduced, dimer dissociation is less thermodynamically favorable: Kd approximately 0.1 nM, and extremely slow: k(off) approximately 3 x 10(-5) s(-1), k(on) approximately 3 x 10(5) M(-1).s(-1). Our results suggest that familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1 aggregation occurs by a mutation-induced increase in dimer dissociation and/or increase in apomonomer formation.
Apoptosis Versus Cell Differentiation (2007)

Heat shock proteins HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 are molecular chaperones whose expression is increased after many different types of stress. They have a protective function helping the cell to cope with lethal conditions. The cytoprotective function of HSPs is largely explained by their anti-apoptotic function. HSPs have been shown to interact with different key apoptotic proteins. As a result, HSPs can block essentially all apoptotic pathways, most of them involving the activation of cystein proteases called caspases. Apoptosis and differentiation are physiological processes that share many common features, for instance, chromatin condensation and the activation of caspases are frequently observed. It is, therefore, not surprising that many recent reports imply HSPs in the differentiation process. This review will comment on the role of HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27 in apoptosis and cell differentiation. HSPs may determine de fate of the cells by orchestrating the decision of apoptosis versus differentiation.
Accumulation of cholesterol with age in human Bruch's membrane. (2001)

Human Bruch's membrane ages like arterial intima and other connective tissues for which plasma lipoproteins are the known source of extracellular cholesterol. Age-related maculopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease may share common pathogenic mechanisms.
An Expression Signature Classifies Chemotherapy-Resistant Pediatric Osteosarcoma (2005)

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. Osteosarcoma patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy are at a higher risk of relapse and adverse outcome. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to identify prognostic factors at the time of diagnosis to characterize the genes predictive of poor survival outcome and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets. Expression profiling of 30 osteosarcoma diagnostic biopsy samples, 15 with inferior necrosis following induction chemotherapy (Huvos I/II) and 15 with superior necrosis following induction chemotherapy (Huvos III/IV), was conducted using Affymetrix U95Av2 oligonucleotide microarrays. One hundred and four genes were found to be statistically significant and highly differentially expressed between Huvos I/II and III/IV patients. Statistically significant genes were validated on a small independent cohort comprised of osteosarcoma xenograft tumor samples. Markers of Huvos I/II response predominantly were gene products involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment remodeling and osteoclast differentiation. A striking finding was the significant decrease in osteoprotegerin, an osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. Additional genes involved in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which were statistically different, include annexin 2, SMAD, PLA2G2A, and TGFbeta1. ECM remodeling genes include desmoplakin, SPARCL1, biglycan, and PECAM. Gene expression of select genes involved in tumor progression, ECM remodeling, and osteoclastogenesis were validated via quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in an independent cohort. We propose that osteosarcoma tumor-driven changes in the bone microenvironment contribute to the chemotherapy-resistant phenotype and offer testable hypotheses to potentially enhance therapeutic response.
Natural Splicing of Exon 2 of Human Interleukin-15 Receptor α-Chain mRNA Results in a Shortened Form with a Distinct Pattern of Expression (1999)

We report the existence of eight different interleukin-15 receptor alpha-chain (IL-15Ralpha) transcripts resulting from exon-splicing mechanisms within the IL-15Ralpha gene. Two main classes of transcripts can be distinguished that do or do not (Delta2 isoforms) contain the exon 2-coding sequence. Both classes were expressed in numerous cell lines and tissues (including peripheral blood lymphocytes) at comparable levels and could be transcribed in COS-7 cells, and the proteins were expressed at the cell surface. Both receptor forms displayed numerous glycosylation states, reflecting differential usage of a single N-glycosylation site as well as extensive O-glycosylations. Whereas IL-15Ralpha bound IL-15 with high affinity, Delta2IL-15Ralpha was unable to bind IL-15, thus revealing the indispensable role of the exon 2-encoded domain in cytokine binding. A large proportion of IL-15Ralpha was expressed at the nuclear membrane with some intranuclear localization, supporting a potential direct action of the IL-15.IL-15Ralpha complex at the nuclear level. In sharp contrast, Delta2IL-15Ralpha was found only in the non-nuclear membrane compartments, indicating that the exon 2-encoded domain (which is shown to contain a potential nuclear localization signal) plays an important role in receptor post-translational routing. Together, our data indicate that exon 2 splicing of human IL-15Ralpha is a natural process that might play regulatory roles at different levels.
Cytosolic chaperonin‐containing t‐complex polypeptide 1 changes the content of a particular subunit species concomitant with substrate binding and folding activities during the cell cycle (2001)

The chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a cytosolic molecular chaperone composed of eight subunits that assists in the folding of actin, tubulin and other cytosolic proteins. We show here that the content of particular subunits of CCT within mammalian cells decreases concomitantly with the reduction of chaperone activity during cell cycle arrest at M phase. CCT recovers chaperone activity upon resumption of these subunits after release from M phase arrest or during arrest at S phase. The levels of alpha, delta and zeta-1 subunits decreased more rapidly than the other subunits during M phase arrest by colcemid treatment and recovered after release from the arrest. Gel filtration chromatography or native (nondenaturing) PAGE analysis followed by immunoblotting indicated that the alpha and delta subunit content in the 700- to 900-kDa CCT complex was appreciably lower in the M phase cells than in asynchronous cells. In vivo, the CCT complex of M-phase-arrested cells was found to bind lower amounts of tubulin than that of asynchronous cells. In vitro, the CCT complex of M phase-arrested cells was less active in binding and folding denatured actin than that of asynchronous cells. On the other hand, the CCT complex of asynchronous cells (a mixture of various phases of cell cycle) exhibited lower alpha and delta subunit content and lower chaperone activity than that of S-phase-arrested cells obtained by excess thymidine treatment. In addition, turnover (synthesis and degradation) rates of the alpha and delta subunits in vivo were more rapid than those of most other subunits. These results suggest that the content of alpha and delta subunits of CCT reduces from the complete active complex in S phase cells to incomplete inactive complex in M phase cells.
A CONVENIENT ROUTE TO 5′-MODIFIED PSEUDOISOCYTIDINES AND 2-THIOPSEUDOURIDINES (1978)

Abstract A stereo- and regiocontrolled synthesis of 5′-alkylated or -arylated pseudoisocytidines and 2-thiopseudouridines is described.
Constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK1) and MAPKK2 mediate similar transcriptional and morphological responses. (1996)

Both mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK1) and MAPKK2 function downstream of the proto-oncogene product Raf in signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation and differentiation. The isoforms were previously shown to be differentially regulated in two significant ways: (a) MAPKK1, but not MAPKK2, was phosphorylated and inactivated by the cyclin-dependent kinase p34cdc2; and (b) p21 Ras formed a ternary complex with Raf/MAPKK1 but not with Raf/MAPKK2. To further characterize the regulation and function of the two isoforms, we compared their mode of activation by v-Mos and examined the transcriptional and morphological responses that they mediate in cultured mammalian cells. v-Mos enhanced the enzymatic activity of both isoforms to the same extent, by about 600-fold. Constitutively active MAPKK2 mutants were generated by introducing the same deletion and amino acid substitutions that have been shown to activate MAPKK1, suggesting that the conformational changes that lead to their activation are analogous. These mutants potentiated transcription from a promoter containing AP1-responsive elements and induced morphological transformation when expressed in mammalian cells, matching outcomes observed with constitutively active MAPKK1. The specific activity of p42 MAPK in the transformed cells was 3-fold higher than in cells expressing wild-type MAPKK, thereby implicating p42 MAPK as a common effector in vivo, and suggesting that sustained activation of p42 MAPK may represent a critical factor that contributes to the development of the transformed state. Altogether, the results demonstrate that the two isoforms elicit similar responses in vivo despite differences in their regulation.
Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing – active participants or innocent bystanders? (1999)

Mast cells are traditionally viewed as effector cells of immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. There is, however, a growing body of evidence that the cells might play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. We here present our own data and those from the literature elucidating the possible role of mast cells during wound healing. Studies on the fate of mast cells in scars of varying ages suggest that these cells degranulate during wounding, with a marked decrease of chymase-positive cells, although the total number of cells does not decrease, based on SCF-receptor staining. Mast cells contain a plethora of preformed mediators like heparin, histamine, tryptase, chymase, VEGF and TNF-alpha which, on release during the initial stages of wound healing, affect bleeding and subsequent coagulation and acute inflammation. Various additional vasoactive and chemotactic, rapidly generated mediators (C3a, C5a, LTB4, LTC4, PAF) will contribute to these processes, whereas mast cell-derived proinflammatory and growth promoting peptide mediators (VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, TGF-beta, NGF, IL-4, IL-8) contribute to neoangiogenesis, fibrinogenesis or re-epithelization during the repair process. The increasing number of tryptase-positive mast cells in older scars suggest that these cells continue to be exposed to specific chemotactic, growth- and differentiation-promoting factors throughout the process of tissue remodelling. All these data indicate that mast cells contribute in a major way to wound healing. their role as potential initiators of or as contributors to this process, compared to other cell types, will however have to be further elucidated.
Micrascan III: performance of a third-generation catadioptric step-and-scan lithographic tool (1997)

The evolution of microlithography to 0.25 micrometers and below has driven the need for performance enhancements in several critical areas. Among these are imaging, illumination, and overlay. This paper briefly reviews Micrascan<SUP>TM</SUP> III system concepts. The main body of the paper presents system level performance and discusses the key subsystems which enable 0.25 micron imaging and 55 nm overlay. Autocal, Micrascan<SUP>TM</SUP> III's image, reticle and wafer position reference subsystem is discussed with respect to functionality and performance with a pulsed illumination source. Micrascan<SUP>TM</SUP> III illuminator performance, including automated off axis illumination module are presented. Performance of the magnetically levitated Monostage and its interaction with overlay and imaging is discussed. System performance with respect to resolution, image quality and overlay on product levels is presented and analyzed.
Mineral‐Coated Polymer Microspheres for Controlled Protein Binding and Release (2009)

Polymer microspheres with a bone-like mineral coatings are generated via a biomimetic process, and this biodegradable coating is used as a carrier for delivery of biological molecules. Acidic and basic proteins are controllably bound and released from these microspheres, suggesting that this approach can be used for binding and delivery of a broad range of biologically active molecules. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.