gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steady one-dimensional fluid flow in a semi-infinite porous medium with sinusoidal surface temperature (1965)

An equation is presented for computing infiltration rates from a study of temperatures observed near the land surface. The boundary conditions of heat and liquid movement assumed are (1) a sinusoidal temperature fluctuation of constant amplitude at the land surface and (2) a constant and uniform percolation rate normal to the land surface in a homogeneous medium. In natural mediums of average heat properties, percolation rates of the order of 2 cm/day or greater can be detected with ease by analyzing the temperature profile resulting from diurnal temperature fluctuations. Percolation rates of the order of 0.1 cm/day can be detected by analyzing the temperature profile resulting from, annual temperature fluctuations at the land surface. With the most favorable conditions of low heat conductivity, large amplitude of temperature at the surface, and careful measurements of temperature, analysis of diurnal temperature fluctuations may yield accurate detection of velocity to a minimum of 0.3 cm/day.
Schizophrenia, Psychoticism, Neuroleptics, and Auditory Evoked Potentials (1985)

Auditory cortical evoked potentials of 20 schizophrenic patients with an acute exacerbation of the illness were investigated before neuroleptic medication and after remission of the acute symptoms, and compared with healthy controls matched for sex and age. Additionally, tests were conducted in 40 healthy volunteers to ascertain whether psychoticism or other personality factors were correlated with evoked potentials. The aim of the study was to test the overarousal hypothesis of schizophrenia and to control the effects of clinical state, neuroleptic medication and personality factors. Acutely ill schizophrenic patients had a shorter evoked potential N1 latency (Table 1). After remission of the symptoms under haloperidol N1 latency of the patients was no longer different from that of the controls. Patients after remission and on medication, however, had longer P2 and N2 latencies and a greater P2-N2 amplitude (Table 2). Psychoticism and extraversion were correlated negatively with amplitude data of components N1 and P2 in healthy volunteers. The results favor the overarousal hypothesis of schizophrenia. Haloperidol normalizes N1 latency in acutely ill patients. It's effect on later components of the evoked potentials seems comparable to a reduction in vigilance. Auditory evoked potentials might allow to follow up the effect of neuroleptics in acute schizophrenia. It seems necessary to consider personality factors when comparing patients with healthy controls in evoked potential studies.
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates osteoblastic maturation and inhibits myogenic differentiation in vitro. (1991)

The in vitro effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on osteogenic and myogenic differentiation was examined in two clonal cell lines of rat osteoblast-like cells at different differentiation stages, ROB-C26 (C26) and ROB-C20 (C20). The C26 is a potential osteoblast precursor cell line that is also capable of differentiating into muscle cells and adipocytes; the C20 is a more differentiated osteoblastic cell line. Proliferation was stimulated by rhBMP-2 in C26 cells, but inhibited in C20 cells. rhBMP-2 greatly increased alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity in C26 cells, but not in C20 cells. The steady-state level of ALP mRNA was also increased by rhBMP-2 in C26 cells, but not in C20 cells. Production of 3',5'-cAMP in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) was dose-dependently enhanced by adding rhBMP-2 in both C26 and C20 cells, though the stimulatory effect was much greater in the former. There was neither basal expression of osteocalcin mRNA nor its protein synthesis in C26 cells, but they were strikingly induced by rhBMP-2 in the presence of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. rhBMP-2 induced no appreciable changes in procollagen mRNA levels of type I and type III in the two cell lines. Differentiation of C26 cells into myotubes was greatly inhibited by adding rhBMP-2. The inhibitory effect of rhBMP-2 on myogenic differentiation was also observed in clonal rat skeletal myoblasts (L6). Like BMP-2, TGF-beta 1 inhibited myogenic differentiation. However, unlike BMP-2, TGF-beta 1 decreased ALP activity in both C26 and C20 cells. TGF-beta 1 induced neither PTH responsiveness nor osteocalcin production in C26 cells, but it increased PTH responsiveness in C20 cells. These results clearly indicate that rhBMP-2 is involved, at least in vitro, not only in inducing differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells into more mature osteoblast-like cells, but also in inhibiting myogenic differentiation.
Biodiesel Quality Affected by Sulfur Content Originated by Different Feedstocks and a Database for the Same (2008)

DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of
Preparation, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy, in a Murine Model, of a Conjugate Vaccine Composed of the Polysaccharide Moiety of the Lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bound to Tetanus Toxoid (2001)

The epidemic and pandemic potential of Vibrio cholerae O139 is such that a vaccine against this newly emerged serogroup of V. cholerae is required. A conjugate made of the polysaccharide moiety (O-specific polysaccharide plus core) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of V. cholerae O139 (pmLPS) was prepared by derivatization of the pmLPS with adipic acid dihydrazide and coupling to tetanus toxoid (TT) by carbodiimide-mediated condensation. The immunologic properties of the conjugate were tested using BALB/c mice injected subcutaneously three times at 2 weeks interval and then a fourth time 4 weeks later. Mice were bled 7 days after each injection and then once each month for the following 6 months. LPS and TT antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immunoplates coated with either O139 LPS or TT. Both pmLPS and pmLPS-TT conjugate elicited low levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), peaking 5 weeks after the first immunization. The conjugate elicited high levels of IgG antibodies, peaking 3 months after the first immunization and declining slowly during the following 5 months. TT alone, or as a component of conjugate, induced mostly IgG antibodies. Antibodies elicited by the conjugate recognized both capsular polysaccharide and LPS from V. cholerae O139 and were vibriocidal. They were also protective in the neonatal mouse model of cholera infection. The conjugation of the O139 pmLPS, therefore, enhanced its immunogenicity and conferred T-dependent properties to this polysaccharide.
Increased Expression of Annexin A3 Is a Mechanism of Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Abstract Resistance to platinum drugs has emerged as a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian cancers. Through proteomic analysis, we have found that the expression of annexin A3, a member of the Ca2+ and phospholipid-binding annexin family, is significantly increased in platinum-resistant ovarian cell lines. Anti–annexin A3 immunostaining indicated that cancers from platinum-resistant patients also possess higher levels of annexin A3 than those from platinum-sensitive patients. Although expression of annexin A3 made susceptible ovarian cancer cells more resistant to platinum, expression of antisense annexin A3 downregulated its expression and rendered the resistant cells more sensitive to platinum. In athymic mice, the growth of tumors from inoculated SKOV3 cells was inhibited by the administration of platinum, whereas tumors from annexin A3–expressing SKOV3/Ann were resistant to platinum treatment. Interestingly, the intracellular platinum concentration and platinum-DNA binding are significantly lower in annexin A3–overexpressing cells than those in parental cells. The lower cisplatin concentration was also accompanied by reduced induction of p53, which could be restored by downregulation of annexin A3. These results indicate that increased expression of annexin A3 is a mechanism of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. It seems to act by preventing uptake or accumulation of platinum in cells. Therefore, it is conceivable that annexin A3 could be a target for therapeutic intervention and may also serve as a biomarker for drug resistance in ovarian cancer patients. Cancer Res; 70(4); 1616–24
In Vivo Accuracy of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Lipid-Rich Necrotic Cores and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Human Carotid Plaques (2001)

Multispectral MRI can identify the lipid-rich necrotic core in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. This MRI technique provides a noninvasive tool to study the pathogenesis and natural history of carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it will permit a direct assessment of the effect of pharmacological therapy, such as aggressive lipid lowering, on plaque lipid composition.
Targeting GLUT1 and the Warburg Effect in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Chemical Synthetic Lethality (2011)

Identifying new targeted therapies that kill tumor cells while sparing normal tissue is a major challenge of cancer research. Using a high-throughput chemical synthetic lethal screen, we sought to identify compounds that exploit the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, which occurs in about 80% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). RCCs, like many other cancers, are dependent on aerobic glycolysis for ATP production, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. The dependence of RCCs on glycolysis is in part a result of induction of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Here, we report the identification of a class of compounds, the 3-series, exemplified by STF-31, which selectively kills RCCs by specifically targeting glucose uptake through GLUT1 and exploiting the unique dependence of these cells on GLUT1 for survival. Treatment with these agents inhibits the growth of RCCs by binding GLUT1 directly and impeding glucose uptake in vivo without toxicity to normal tissue. Activity of STF-31 in these experimental renal tumors can be monitored by [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by micro-positron emission tomography imaging, and therefore, these agents may be readily tested clinically in human tumors. Our results show that the Warburg effect confers distinct characteristics on tumor cells that can be selectively targeted for therapy.
Flow cytometry of prostate cancer: relationship of DNA content to survival. (1987)

Between March 1970 and December 1978 there were 366 patients with prostatic cancer treated by 125I seed implants and pelvic lymph node dissection. All had a minimum of 5 years follow-up. One hundred thirty-three patients had metastatic prostatic cancer in lymph nodes (Stage D1) at the time of lymph node dissection and seed implantation. Ninety-one of the 133 patients were judged to have sufficient metastatic prostatic cancer in their nodal tissue (greater than 50% replacement with tumor) to justify flow cytometric cellular DNA measurements on the involved paraffin-embedded nodal tissue. Nine patients were excluded due to uninterpretable DNA histograms leaving 82 patients for analysis. Forty-nine patients had aneuploid and 33 had diploid tumors. There was no statistical bias between the aneuploid and diploid groups due to age (P = 0.970, chi 2 test), time between diagnosis and implantation (P = 0.217, chi 2 test), number of positive nodes (P = 0.669, two-sample t test of means), or tumor grade (P = 0.332, chi 2 test). Median survival time of the aneuploid and diploid groups was 5.0 and 8.8 years, respectively (P = 0.0109, log rank test). Cox regression analysis confirmed the effect of aneuploidy versus diploidy on survival by controlling for other potentially confounding variables (age, time from diagnosis to implantation, number of positive nodes, and grade). Grade as a predictor of survival did not approach statistical significance in this series of relatively small size (P = 0.116). Thirty-eight of the 82 patients had moderately differentiated neoplasms. Nineteen of these were aneuploid and 19 diploid. The median survival was 5.8 and 9.1 years, respectively, for these grade-matched aneuploid and diploid groups (P = 0.039, log rank test). We conclude that flow cytometric DNA measurements on archived paraffin-embedded tumor in nodal metastases appear to be a strong predictor of survival for Stage DI prostatic cancer.
[Recombinant growth hormone increasus callus maturation time in distraction osteogenesis--a histomorphometric study]. (1998)

Purpose of the present study was, to proof whether homologous recombinant GH has an stimulating effect on bone healing in distraction osteogenesis. Therefore the left tibiae of 20 micropigs were osteotomized and distracted over an external fixator 2 mm daily on each of ten consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed after a healing time of another ten days. The treatment group received 100 micrograms r-pGH per kg bodyweight per day. After sacrifice, the regenerates were embedded undecalcified and cut into 6 microns thick sagittal oriented slices. Callus area, bone area, cartilagee area and bone perimeter in the regenerates were measured using an image analysis system. The results revealed, that GH promotes bone formation and maturation of the regenerate without disturbing the callus structure.
Purification of the NY-RMV and NY-SGV Isolates of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus and the Production and Properties of Their Antibodies (1992)

Methods were developed to purify the NY-RMV and NY-SGV isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in amounts adequate for antiserum production and serological studies. Yields of NY-RMV (from leaves of Clintland 64 oats) and NY-SGV (from roots of Moore barley) were 0.26-0.39 and 0.7-2.7 mg/kg, respectively. Polyclonal antisera to each virus were developed by injecting rabbits and mice. Murine monoclonal antibodies to each virus were also prepared (.)
An introduction to computing with neural nets (1987)

Artificial neural net models have been studied for many years in the hope of achieving human-like performance in the fields of speech and image recognition. These models are composed of many nonlinear computational elements operating in parallel and arranged in patterns reminiscent of biological neural nets. Computational elements or nodes are connected via weights that are typically adapted during use to improve performance. There has been a recent resurgence in the field of artificial neural nets caused by new net topologies and algorithms, analog VLSI implementation techniques, and the belief that massive parallelism is essential for high performance speech and image recognition. This paper provides an introduction to the field of artificial neural nets by reviewing six important neural net models that can be used for pattern classification. These nets are highly parallel building blocks that illustrate neural net components and design principles and can be used to construct more complex systems. In addition to describing these nets, a major emphasis is placed on exploring how some existing classification and clustering algorithms can be performed using simple neuron-like components. Single-layer nets can implement algorithms required by Gaussian maximum-likelihood classifiers and optimum minimum-error classifiers for binary patterns corrupted by noise. More generally, the decision regions required by any classification algorithm can be generated in a straightforward manner by three-layer feed-forward nets.
Evaluation of 11C-colchicine for PET imaging of multiple drug resistance. (2000)

These in vivo experiments provided additional evidence for the indirect effect of P-gp action on CHC-to-tubulin binding, which in turn determines CHC uptake in tumors. The significance of these findings and future plans is discussed.
A novel synthesis of .beta.-trichlorostannyl ketones from siloxycyclopropanes and their facile dehydrostannation affording 2-methylene ketones (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel synthesis of .beta.-trichlorostannyl ketones from siloxycyclopropanes and their facile dehydrostannation affording 2-methylene ketonesIlhyong Ryu, Shinji Murai, and Noboru SonodaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 12, 2389–2391Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00362a046Request reuse permissionsArticle Views224Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (381 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
C–H Functionalization via Remote Hydride Elimination: Palladium Catalyzed Dehydrogenation ofortho-Acyl Phenols to Flavonoids (2017)

Although deprotonation of electron-poor C-H bonds to carbon anions with bases has long been known and widely used in organic synthesis, the hydride elimination from electron-rich C-H bonds to carbon cations or partial carbocations for the introduction of nucleophiles is a comparatively less explored area. Here we report that the carbonyl β-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bond hydrogens of ortho-acyl phenols could be substituted by intramolecular phenolic hydroxyls to form O-heterocycles, followed by dehydrogenation of the O-heterocycle into flavonoids. The cascade reaction is catalyzed by Pd/C without added oxidants and sacrificing hydrogen acceptors.
[Recourse to particular arterial embolization in the treatment of some uterine leiomyoma]. (1997)

in of 80 interpretable cases, embolization constituted an alternative to surgical treatment, which was avoided in 71 cases, 9 failures were observed. The results of this preliminary series must be valited by further studies.
Multiarterial Phase Dynamic MRI of Small Early Enhancing Hepatic Lesions in Cirrhosis or Chronic Hepatitis: Differentiating Between Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Pseudolesions (2004)

Rapid central washout after the early enhancement of the lesion and coronal enhancement surrounding the lesion are highly specific and diagnostic findings of small hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas if present at multiarterial phase contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI. Hypervascular pseudolesions tend to show prolonged enhancement during the arterial phase compared with hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas.
Human foetal osteoblastic cell response to polymer-demixed nanotopographic interfaces (2005)

Nanoscale cell-substratum interactions are of significant interest in various biomedical applications. We investigated human foetal osteoblastic cell response to randomly distributed nanoisland topography with varying heights (11, 38 and 85 nm) produced by a polystyrene (PS)/polybromostyrene polymer-demixing technique. Cells displayed island-conforming lamellipodia spreading, and filopodia projections appeared to play a role in sensing the nanotopography. Cells cultured on 11 nm high islands displayed significantly enhanced cell spreading and larger cell dimensions than cells on larger nanoislands or flat PS control, on which cells often displayed a stellate shape. Development of signal transmitting structures such as focal adhesive vinculin protein and cytoskeletal actin stress fibres was more pronounced, as was their colocalization, in cells cultured on smaller nanoisland surfaces. Cell adhesion and proliferation were greater with decreasing island height. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, an early stage marker of bone cell differentiation, also exhibited nanotopography dependence, i.e. higher AP activity on 11 nm islands compared with that on larger islands or flat PS. Therefore, randomly distributed island topography with varying nanoscale heights not only affect adhesion-related cell behaviour but also bone cell phenotype. Our results suggest that modulation of nanoscale topography may be exploited to control cell function at cell-biomaterial interfaces.
Ontology-based literature mining of E. coli vaccine-associated gene interaction networks (2017)

Vaccine-related E. coli gene-gene interaction network was constructed using ontology-based literature mining strategy, which identified important E. coli vaccine genes and their interactions with other genes through specific interaction types.
Record low metal — (CVD) graphene contact resistance using atomic orbital overlap engineering (2016)

In this work, for the first time, different techniques to strengthen atomic orbital overlap are proposed to engineer metal - graphene contact, while highlighting relevance of sp-hybridized carbon atoms in the contact region. The fundamental understanding of contact's quantum chemistry has resulted in record low contact resistance for CVD graphene when compared with the best reported till date for CVD as well as epitaxial graphene - metal contacts. Role of contact engineering in terms of reaching graphene FET's intrinsic limits with scalability is presented in detail. Finally, record high transistor performance is demonstrated as a result of engineered contacts.
Editorial [Hot topic: Adipocytokines in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Key Players Regulating Steatosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis (Executive Editor: Herbert Tilg)] (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and covers a large spectrum of liver diseases ranging from benign steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is currently believed to involve various hits including lipotoxicity, gut-derived signals, inflammatory attacks directed by proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and others. All these factors finally lead to the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis in a substantial proportion of patients. There is increasing evidence that mediators released from the adipose tissue in obese subjects, such as adipocytokines and classical cytokines, are key players in NAFLD. The prototypic adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin are able to regulate many features of NAFLD such as accumulation of liver fat, insulin resistance, inflammatory processes and development of fibrosis. Therefore, this heterogenous and rapidly growing family of mediators elegantly explains many aspects of NAFLD as demonstrated by numerous experimental and clinical studies.
News on demand: introduction (2000)

article Free AccessNews on demand: introduction Author: Mark Maybury MITRE Corp., Bedford, MA MITRE Corp., Bedford, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 2Feb. 2000 pp 32–34https://doi.org/10.1145/328236.328142Published:01 February 2000Publication History 25citation824DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads824Last 12 Months34Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF