gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tempol prevents impairment of the endothelial cell wound healing response caused by ionising radiation. (1996)

It is known that radiation therapy results in some form of damage to the microcirculation. In support of this view, we found that capillary endothelial cells (EC) treated with X-rays (8 Gy) were defective in their ability to recover a denuded area. A scrape wound of 2 mm width was produced in monolayers 30 min after X-ray or sham treatment. After 48 h, the number of cells migrating into each of five successive 125 microns zones from both sides of the original wound were determined. Greater numbers of sham-treated EC entered zones 3 and 4, compared with irradiated cultures, and only sham-treated EC entered the most distant zone 5. We examined actin fibre orientation within migrating irradiated and sham-treated EC using 2-(D-2-aminobutanoic acid)-7-(N6-((((3,6-bis(dimethylamino)xanthylium-9-yl) carboxyphenyl) amino)thioxomethyl)-L-lysine), chloride (NBD)-phalloidin, immunofluorescent microscopy and computer image analysis. After 48 h, sham-treated, but not irradiated EC, contained actin which was orientated perpendicular to the original wound edge. After 6-9 days, only sham-treated EC closed the wounds. Tempol (4 hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra methylpiperidine-1-oxyl)(0.5 or 2 mM)), included in the media during irradiation, prevented this wound healing delay, when measured within the first 24 h. In conclusion, radiation treatment of capillary EC results in a wound healing defect. This defect appears to be related to the EC's inability to realign actin. Tempol protects EC from exhibiting a wound healing delay.
Macrophage-Pathogen Interactions (1993)

This volume in the Immunology series examines the complex relationships between mononuclear phagocytes and the infectious agents that live and replicate within them, describing the basic characteristics of macrophages, including their differentiation, activation, antigen processing and presentation, and antimicrobial mechanisms. It provides information on pathogens associated with HIV infection such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium, candida albicans and pneumocystis carinii.
Exposure determination: examining the validity of the 25%/cm rule (2001)

Studies have shown that poor exposure selection is the major cause of repeat radiographs in a diagnostic x ray department (Kelly, 1988a, Dunn and Rogers, 1998). An effective exposure determination system is required to reduce this large source of repeats and associated additional radiation dose. One such technique is the constant kVp, variable mAs technique, built on the principle that the mAs should be increased by 25 per cent for every centimetre increase in thickness. The validity of this rule has been investigated through two experimental series. A perspex tank was filled with varying levels of water. The x ray beam exposure was measured at the exit site. The reduction in exit exposure was recorded with varying kVp, field size and with and without a grid. This reduction was used to calculate the per cent increase in mAs/cm necessary to maintain a constant output exposure, as is the case in normal radiography. Measurable variations from the 25 per cent rule were found. The greatest per cent increase was required at low kVp and in low scatter (grid) conditions (30 per cent) with the least increase at either high kVp low scatter (grid) conditions or in high scatter (non-grid) conditions (20 per cent). Variations with depth were surprisingly small. The effect of scatter reduction was most marked being of similar effect to that of kVp change. The selection of 25 per cent as a mAs increase per cm appears to be the most suitable average value for most conditions. (author abstract)
Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma (1998)

Dendritic cells potently stimulate antigen-specific immune responses and recent data indicate that they are also capable of eliciting antitumor immune responses. We are performing a pilot study which tests the safety and efficacy of antigen-loaded, cultured blood dendritic cells in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Dendritic cells are simultaneously pulsed with lysate from autologous tumor cells and with the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin. During the pulse, the cells are activated with a combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2. Patients receive 5-10 X 10(6) dendritic cells per intravenous infusion and up to six infusions at monthly intervals. The first results demonstrate that this treatment modality is very well tolerated and can be associated with strong immunological and clinical responses. The present article discusses the importance of dendritic cell maturation and the role of helper antigens in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
Role of Type II Pneumocyte Senescence in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis (2013)

These studies identify senescence as an important process in AECII in vivo and indicate that NOX is a critical mediator of radiation-induced AECII senescence and pulmonary fibrosis.
Spliceostatins and Derivatives: Chemical Syntheses and Biological Properties of Potent Splicing Inhibitors (2021)

Spliceostatins and thailanstatins are intriguing natural products due to their structural features as well as their biological significance. This family of natural products has been the subject of immense synthetic interest because they exhibit very potent cytotoxicity in representative human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic properties of these natural products are related to their ability to inhibit spliceosomes. FR901564 and spliceostatins have been shown to inhibit spliceosomes by binding to their SF3B component. Structurally, these natural products contain two highly functionalized tetrahydropyran rings with multiple stereogenic centers joined by a diene moiety and an acyclic side chain linked with an amide bond. Total syntheses of this family of natural products led to the development of useful synthetic strategies, which enabled the synthesis of potent derivatives. The spliceosome modulating properties of spliceostatins and synthetic derivatives opened the door for understanding the underlying spliceosome mechanism as well as the development of new therapies based upon small-molecule splicing modulators. This review outlines the total synthesis of spliceostatins, synthetic studies of structural derivatives, and their bioactivity.
Analysis of Feature Extraction and Channel Compensation in a GMM Speaker Recognition System (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, several feature extraction and channel compensation techniques found in state-of-the-art speaker verification systems are analyzed and discussed. For the NIST SRE 2006 submission, cepstral mean subtraction, feature warping, RelAtive SpecTrAl (RASTA) filtering, heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis (HLDA), feature mapping, and eigenchannel adaptation were incrementally added to minimize the system's error rate. This paper deals with eigenchannel adaptation in more detail and includes its theoretical background and implementation issues. The key part of the paper is, however, the post-evaluation analysis, undermining a common myth that “the more boxes in the scheme, the better the system.” All results are presented on NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation (SRE) 2005 and 2006 data. </para>
A caspase inhibitor fully protects rats against lethal normothermic liver ischemia by inhibition of liver apoptosis (1999)

Apoptosisis activated during the early phase of reperfusion after liver ischemia and after liver transplantation in animals. However, the molecular basis of ischemia-induced cell death remains poorly understood. In this study we show that hepatocytes from ischemic liver lobes undergo apoptosis after reperfusion. In vivo pretreatment of rats with a specific inhibitor of caspases abrogates the apoptotic response in ischemic liver lobes. Inhibition of apoptosis can be accounted for by total inhibition of caspase activation as assessed in an enzymatic assay and by specific affinity labeling. Treatment with a caspase inhibitor fully protects rats from death induced by ischemia/reperfusion. These findings indicate that liver injury after ischemia/reperfusion can be prevented by inhibition of caspases. Thus, caspase inhibitors may have important therapeutic implications in liver ischemic diseases and after liver transplantation.
Second- and third-order dispersion compensator using a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating (1999)

We have proposed a dispersion compensation scheme that uses a high-resolution arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG). When the diffraction order of the AWG is 59 and the number of waveguides in an arrayed-waveguide is 340, the calculated maximum second- and third-order dispersion compensation range is 18.0 ps/nm and /spl plusmn/6.0 ps/nm/sup 2/, and 1100 ps/nm and /spl plusmn/937.5 ps/nm/sup 2/, for a 1 ps-pulse and a 12.5 ps-pulse, respectively. In experiments, second-order dispersion (-0.8 to +5.2 ps/nm) is effectively compensated for 1,1-ps pulses; and. Pulse compression by third-order dispersion compensation is successfully demonstrated.
Impact of background error statistics on the short-range typhoon forecasts (2008)

In this study, the effect of vertical EOF mode (global/local) and time period which BES is derived on the typhoon analysis and forecast are evaluated in WRF model and WRF 3DVAR system. Generally, the local EOF mode shows better performance in typhoon track forecasts than the global EOF mode. On the other hands, the effect of time period to derive BES (2 months vs 4 months) is not quite significant. More comprehensive results and analyses will be given in the presentation.
Synthesis and biological activity of novel folic acid analogs: pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines (1992)

The synthesis of a novel series of gamma-substituted folic acid analogues, pteroyl-S-alkyl-DL-homocysteine (RS)-sulfoximines, and the corresponding S-methylhomocysteine sulfone is described. Side reactions of the sulfoximine groups of the amino acid ester reactants were considered. The correct structures of the isolated target compounds were confirmed by NMR and FAB/MS excluding other alternatives. The replacement of the gamma-COOH of the glutamate moiety of folic acid with S-alkylsulfoximine groups or S-methylsulfone did not affect the substrate activity of the vitamin for dihydrofolate reductase. The resulting tetrahydrofolate analogues could serve as cofactors for the thymidylate synthase cycle of murine leukemia L1210 cells in situ. The analogues inhibited the growth of these cells in culture with 2 orders of magnitude lower IC50 values [(2-4) x 10(-4) M] than the parent folic acid.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Contribute to the Regeneration of Renal Tubules after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice (2003)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury) is a common cause of acute renal failure. Recovery from I/R injury requires renal tubular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been shown to be capable of differentiating into hepatocytes, cardiac myocytes, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells during tissue repair. The current study tested the hypothesis that murine HSC can contribute to the regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells after I/R injury. HSC isolated from male Rosa26 mice that express beta-galactosidase constitutively were transplanted into female nontransgenic mice after unilateral renal I/R injury. Four weeks after HSC transplantation, beta-galactosidase-positive cells were detected in renal tubules of the recipients by X-Gal staining. PCR analysis of the male-specific Sry gene and Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of male-derived cells in the kidneys of female recipients. Antibody co-staining showed that beta-galactosidase was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules. This is the first report to show that HSC can differentiate into renal tubular cells after I/R injury. Because of their availability, HSC may be useful for cell replacement therapy of acute renal failure.
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by New Dihydropyridines with Low Calcium Antagonist Activity (1994)

The clinical use of Ca++ antagonist agents as modulators of multidrug resistance is limited by their strong vasodilator activity. This study reports data obtained by testing a series of new 1,4 dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPs) for their in vitro resistance modulating activity and their Ca++ antagonist effect. All the tested DHPs are active to increase doxorubicin activity with dose modifying factor values ranging between 2 and 47 on P388/DX cells and 12 and 36 on LoVo/DX cells. Their resistance modulating action is exerted through an increase of DX intracellular level. The Ca++ antagonist activity of DHPs, evaluated as capacity to inhibit the KCl-induced contractions in isolated Guinea pig ileum strips, is not related to their resistance modulating activity. This finding makes it possible to select, for further in vivo evaluations, compounds IX, X and XI, which have strong ability to overcome multidrug resistance and low Ca++ antagonist effect.
The Structure and Expression of the Wheat Starch Synthase III Gene. Motifs in the Expressed Gene Define the Lineage of the Starch Synthase III Gene Family (2000)

The endosperm of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum [L.]) was shown to contain a high molecular weight starch synthase (SS) analogous to the product of the maize du1 gene, starch synthase III (SSIII; DU1). cDNA and genomic DNA sequences encoding wheat SSIII were isolated and characterized. The wheat SSIII cDNA is 5,346 bp long and contains an open reading frame that encodes a 1,628-amino acid polypeptide. A putative N-terminal transit peptide, a 436-amino acid C-terminal catalytic domain, and a central 470-amino acid SSIII-specific domain containing three regions of repeated amino acid similarity were identified in the wheat gene. A fourth region between the transit peptide and the SSIII-specific domain contains repeat motifs that are variable with respect to motif sequence and repeat number between wheat and maize. In dicots, this N-terminal region does not contain repeat motifs and is truncated. The gene encoding wheat SSIII, designated ss3, consists of 16 exons extending over 10 kb, and is located on wheat chromosome I. Expression of ss3 mRNA in wheat was detected in leaves, pre-anthesis florets, and from very early to middle stage of endosperm development. The entire N-terminal variable repeat region and the majority of the SSIII-specific domain are encoded on a single 2,703-bp exon. A gene encoding a class III SS from the Arabidopsis genome sequencing project shows a strongly conserved exon structure to the wheat ss3 gene, with the exception of the N-terminal region. The evolutionary relationships of the genes encoding monocot and dicot class III SSs are discussed.
Anion binding by pyrrole–pyridine-based macrocyclic polyamides (2008)

The synthesis, characterisation and anion-binding properties of new pyrrole–pyridine-based macrocyclic polyamides 7a and 7b are presented. Chloride anion templation in the macrocyclisation reaction has been shown to control [1 + 1] acylation. The anion-binding properties of the receptors have been determined by UV–vis titrations in a DMSO solution and compared with systems with a similar design. The new receptors have been found to display a 10-fold selectivity for hydrogensulphate, dihydrogenphosphate and acetate anions over other anions studied.
A Preliminary Assessment of Na-Hyaluronate Injection into "No Man's Land" for Primary Flexor Tendon Repair (1980)

A special fraction of Na-hyaluronate (Healon) was used for enhancement of repair of flexor tendon lacerations in "No Man's Land" to assess its role in preventing adhesion formation. The profundus tendons of the third and fourth fingers in owl monkeys were lacerated and repaired, and the superficialis tendons were resected. Prior to closure, saline solution or Healon paste was applied around the tendon. The fingers were immobilized for 4-5 weeks with the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) at 90 degrees of flexion. Following immobilization, the range of motion of the PIP joint was tested in a standard fashion for a period of 3 months. The Healon paste did not interfere with the healing process of the tendon. The fingers treated with Healon showed a significantly less flexion deformity (p less than 0.01) than the saline controls. Healon paste may be a useful adjunct in tendon surgery.
ADVANCED ANTENNA DESIGN TECHNIQUES (1963)

Abstract : Presented is the advanced antenna design techniques study program. Space vehicle antenna systems and ground-based tracking antenna system parameters were studied, and requirements were established as design goals. Various types of antenna configurations were investigated to meet the established requirements. Detail design, structural aspects, and performance for the three selected antennas were studied. New material applications were investigated, and new manufacturing techniques were developed. Design and fabrication of three models and evaluation of these to demonstrate the feasibility of the selected concepts are described. Twelve space vehicle antenna concepts representing a wide range of types were investigated and evaluated from the standpoints of weight, cost, pacakageability, and advancement of erectable or expandable techniques. Seven concepts consisting of inflatable and expandable pencil-beam and fanbeam antennas were selected for further study.
Three-dimensional structure of ubiquitin at 2.8 A resolution. (1985)

The three-dimensional structure of ubiquitin has been determined at 2.8 A resolution. X-ray diffraction data for the native protein and derivatives were collected with an automated diffractometer. Phases were obtained by use of a single isomorphous mercuric acetate derivative. The molecule contains a pronounced hydrophobic core. Prominent secondary structural features include three and one-half turns of alpha-helix, a mixed beta-sheet that contains four strands, and seven reverse turns. The histidine, tyrosine, and two phenylalanine residues are located on the surface of the molecule.
Purification of Xylitol Obtained by Fermentation of Corncob Hydrolysates (2006)

Hydrolysates obtained by autohydrolysis-posthydrolysis of corncobs were detoxified with charcoal, concentrated, supplemented with nutrients, and fermented with Debaryomyces hansenii. After biomass removal, the fermented media contained 0.1137 kg of nonvolatile components (NVC)/kg of liquor, which corresponded mainly to xylitol (0.6249 kg/kg of NVC) but also to minor amounts of inorganic components (measured as ashes), proteins, nonfermented sugars (xylose and arabinose), uronic acids, arabitol, and other nonvolatile components (ONVC). The media were subjected to further processing (sequential stages of adsorption, concentration, ethanol precipitation, concentration, and crystallization) to obtain food-grade xylitol. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various solid-to-liquor ratios. Under selected conditions (1 kg of charcoal/15 kg of liquors), the xylitol content increased to 0.6873 kg/kg of NVC, and almost total decoloration was achieved. The resulting liquor was concentrated by evaporation to increase its NVC content to 0.4032 kg/kg of liquor (corresponding to a xylitol concentration of 0.280 kg/kg of liquor), and ethanol was added to precipitate a part of the NVC (mainly proteins, but also uronic acids, ashes, and other nonvolatile compounds). Refined liquors (containing 0.7303 kg of xylitol/kg of NVC) were concentrated again, and ethanol was added (to reach 40-60% volume of the stream) to allow crystallization at -10 or -5 degrees C. Under selected conditions, 43.7% of xylitol contained in the initial fermentation broth was recovered in well-formed, homogeneous crystals, in which xylitol accounted for 98.9% of the total oven-dry weight. Material balances are presented for the whole processing scheme considered in this work.
Enzymatic modification of triolein: Incorporation of caproic and butyric acids to produce reduced‐calorie structured lipids (1997)

Abstract Lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of triolein with caproic and butyric acids was performed to produce reduced‐calorie structured lipids (SL). The SL were obtained by incubating a 1:4:4 mole ratio of triolein, caproic acid, and butyric acid, respectively, with 10% of lipase (w/w of total substrates) in 1.5 mL hexane at 55°C for 24 h. Of nine commercially avaialble lipases screened, IM60, which contains the lipase from Rhizomucor miehei , was the most effective and produced 13 mol% unreacted triolein, 49% disubstituted, and 38% monosubstituted triacylglycerols that contained short‐chain fatty acids. The products were analyzed by reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light‐scattering detector. Reaction parameters studied included time course, temperature, enzyme load, and substrate mole ratio. The yields obtained demonstrate that a structured lipid with long‐chain and short‐chain fatty acids can be synthesized by using IM60 lipase in organic medium.
Metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk factors and health-related quality of life in children, adolescents and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (2019)

Background The present study was designed to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and compare it with age- and sex-matched controls. Methods Fifty-two patients aged 3-21 years with classic CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency were included in the study. Metabolic profiling was done for 36 cases and compared with 28 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Quality of life was assessed in all 52 children and their parents using a validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire and was compared with normative data from the same population. Results The median age was 12 years with 14 (27%) males and 38 (73%) females. Out of the total 52 patients, 35 (67%) had salt wasting and 17 (33%) had simple virilising CAH. The median height standard deviation score (SDS) of cases was similar to that of controls (-0.72 vs. -0.64, p = 0.57) and 81% of females had normal pubertal status indicating a good control of the disease. Weight SDS, body mass index (BMI) SDS, mean diastolic blood pressure and insulin resistance were significantly higher in cases when compared to controls (0.31 vs. -0.3; 0.96 vs. 0.17; 67.8 ± 10.49 vs. 61 ± 8.49 and 2.1 vs. 0.95, respectively). The quality of life was significantly reduced in all domains as per parents' perspective, whereas the children reported reduced quality of social and school functioning. There was no significant correlation between quality of life and metabolic parameters. Conclusions Children with CAH despite a reasonably good control of the disease have a higher cardiovascular risk and reduced quality of life when compared to healthy controls.