gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Pesticides by Ozonation and Advanced Oxidation (1995)

Abstract In the Netherlands many water supply companies are upgrading their surface water treatment plants in order to guarantee the water supply and water quality in the coming years. The Water Supply Company North West Brabant (WNWB) has plans to upgrade their treatment plant at Zevenbergen. In the retrofit plant chlorination will be abandoned and probably ozonation will be the major barrier against microorganisms. Pesticide concentrations will be decreased by three barriers: storage, ozonation and activated carbon filtration. If the ozone dosage is restricted just to reach the required disinfection level at pH 7.2, ozonation is a poor barrier against pesticides. Out of 23 selected pesticides, only 6 were effectively degraded: dimethoate, chlortoluron, diuron, isoproturon, metoxuron and vinclozolin (O3/DOC = 0.55 g/g). Application of an (O3/DOC ratio of 1.0 g/g results in an effective barrier for roughly 50% of the tested pesticides (also for diazinon, parathion-methyl, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, MCPA and MCPP). Pesticides were degraded more effectively at high pH and high temperature. For additional degradation of high concentrations of persistent pesticides, advanced oxidation may be applied. Atrazine, propazine, simazine, chlor-fenvinphos, tetrachlorvinphos, 2,4-D, 2,4-DP and 2,4,5-T were degraded by O3/DOC = 1.4 g/g and H2O2/O3 = 0.5 g/g. Dicamba and dikegulac were most persistent. pH has a minor effect on the degradation of pesticides by advanced oxidation. Higher hydrogen peroxide dosages showed no improvement in degradation. After ozonation and advanced oxidation, about 50% of totally reacted atrazine and propazine was converted into desethylatrazine. No desisopropylatrazine formation was observed.
Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate RSAD2 and IFIH1 expression in the ovine uterus (2007)

Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) encodes a cytoplasmic antiviral protein induced by interferons (IFN). Interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) is a RNA helicase involved in innate immune defense against viruses, growth suppression, and apoptosis. Interferon tau (IFNT), a Type I IFN produced by the peri-implantation ruminant conceptus, acts on the uterine endometrium to signal pregnancy recognition and promote receptivity to implantation. Transcriptional profiling identified RSAD2 and IFIH1 as IFNT regulated genes in the ovine uterine endometrium. This study tested the hypothesis that RSAD2 and IFIH1 were induced in the endometrium in a cell type-specific manner by IFNT from the conceptus during early pregnancy. Endometrial RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNA increased between days 12 and 16 of pregnancy, but not of the estrous cycle. In pregnant ewes, RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNAs increased in endometrial glands, and stroma and immune cells, but not in the luminal epithelium. Neither gene was expressed in the trophectoderm of day 18 or 20 conceptuses. Progesterone (P4) treatment of ovariectomized ewes did not induce expression RSAD2 or IFIH1 mRNA in the endometrium; however, intrauterine injections of IFNT induced expression of RSAD2 and IFIH1 mRNA in endometria of ewes treated with P4, as well as in ewes treated with P4 and the progesterone receptor antagonist, ZK 136,317. These results indicate that conceptus IFNT induces both RSAD2 and IFIH1 in a P4-independent manner in the ovine uterine endometrium. These two IFNT-stimulated genes are proposed to have biological roles in the establishment of uterine receptivity to the conceptus during implantation through induction of an antiviral state and modulation of local immune cells in the endometrium.
Antibodies against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and 18 E6 and E7 Proteins in Cervicovaginal Washings and Serum of Patients with Cervical Neoplasia (2001)

Serum antibodies against the E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of local antibodies against HPV in cervicovaginal washings (CWs). In this study antibodies against the native HPV16 and HPV18 E6/E7 proteins were detectable in CWs (48%) and sera (29%) from patients with cervical cancer (n = 21) utilizing a sandwich protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In paired CWs and sera from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 38) and from healthy women (n = 22) no antibodies against these proteins were found. In 10 of 11 patients, the antibody response corresponded with the HPV type in the cervical smear and/or tumor tissue, which indicates the HPV type specificity of the assay. In 7 of 11 patients with antibody reactivity against HPV16 or HPV18 E6 and/or E7 proteins a higher level of antibody reactivity in the CWs than in the paired serum samples was found at similar inputs of total IgG. This suggests that the antibodies in the CWs against the investigated HPV proteins in these patients were locally produced.
cis and trans activation of globin gene transcription in transient assays. (1983)

We examined the effects of the simian virus 40 enhancer sequence on transcription of cloned human alpha- and beta-globin genes shortly after their introduction into cultured mammalian cells. We find that (i) detectable transcription of the beta-globin gene but not the alpha-globin gene requires linkage to the enhancer; (ii) the enhancer increases the amount of beta-globin RNA at least 100-fold but results in only a 5- to 10-fold increase in the amount of alpha-globin RNA; (iii) plasmid replication does not increase the level of beta-globin RNA, regardless of linkage to the enhancer, but does result in an approximately equal to 50-fold increase in the level of alpha-globin RNA; (iv) the enhancer is not required for and does not increase transcription of either gene in 293 cells, an adenovirus 5-transformed human kidney cell line. We also show that an enhancer sequence is not required for activity of the normally enhancer-dependent simian virus 40 early promoter in 293 cells, indicating that these cells contain a trans-acting factor(s) that circumvents the requirement for the enhancer sequence.
Differentiation between vasculoprotective and uterotrophic effects of ligands with different binding affinities to estrogen receptors α and β (1999)

Estrogen-based drug therapy in cardiovascular diseases has been difficult because it has not been possible to separate the wanted vasculoprotective effect from the unwanted effects of the hormone to the reproductive system. Here, we demonstrate that, after endothelial denudation of rat carotid artery, the mRNA of the classical estrogen receptor (ERalpha) is constitutively expressed at a low level whereas the expression of the novel ERbeta mRNA increases >40-fold. Under in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, ERbeta mRNA and protein colocalize with the smooth muscle cells in the media and neointima. Treatment of ovariectomized female rats with the isoflavone phytoestrogen genistein, which shows 20-fold higher binding affinity to ERbeta than to ERalpha, or with 17beta-estradiol, which does not differentiate between the two receptors, provides similar dose-dependent vasculoprotective effect in rat carotid injury model. In addition in concentrations <10 microM, both ligands are equally inhibitory to the replication and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. However, only treatment with 17beta-estradiol, but not with genistein, is accompanied with a dose-dependent uterotrophic effect. The results suggest that preferential targeting to ERbeta will provide vasculoprotective estrogen analogs devoid of effects to the reproductive system.
Liver X receptors: new players in atherogenesis? (2003)

Consequently, liver X receptors are becoming therapeutic targets of great interest for the treatment of atherosclerosis, especially if their action on triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism can be dissociated and isoform-specific ligands identified.
Actin Cytoskeletal Association of Cytohesin-1 Is Regulated by Specific Phosphorylation of Its Carboxyl-terminal Polybasic Domain (2001)

Cell adhesion mediated by integrin receptors is controlled by intracellular signal transduction cascades. Cytohesin-1 is an integrin-binding protein and guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates binding of the leukocyte integrin leukocyte function antigen-1 to its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Cytohesin-1 bears a carboxyl-terminal pleckstrin homology domain that aids in reversible membrane recruitment and functional regulation of the protein. Although phosphoinositide-dependent membrane attachment of cytohesin-1 is mediated primarily by the pleckstrin homology domain, this function is further strengthened by a short carboxyl-terminal polybasic amino acid sequence. We show here that a serine/threonine motif within the short polybasic stretch of cytohesin-1 is phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C delta in vitro. Furthermore, the respective residues are also found to be phosphorylated after phorbol ester stimulation in vivo. Biochemical and functional analyses show that phosphorylated cytohesin-1 is able to tightly associate with the actin cytoskeleton, and we further demonstrate that phosphorylation of the protein is required for maximal leukocyte function antigen-1-mediated adhesion of Jurkat cells to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. These data suggest that both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C-dependent intracellular pathways that stimulate beta(2)-integrin-mediated adhesion of T lymphocytes converge on cytohesin-1 as functional integrator.
Outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis: structure and importance in meningococcal disease. (1986)

Meningococcal meningitis is a serious disease with a high incidence in children. Since meningococcal surface structures play a role in invasion of the host and initiation of disease, host defense mechanisms are directed against these meningococcal structures. All virulent meningococci are encapsulated, but other factors are also involved. Only certain serotypes of group B and group C meningococci are strongly associated with disease. Our studies have been directed toward a better understanding of the structure of the meningococcal cell surface. There are five classes of major outer membrane proteins exposed on the cell surface, designated class 1 through 5, based in part upon the protein's molecular weight. Using monoclonal antibodies we have shown that antibodies to the class 1, 2 and 5 proteins of serotype 2 are bactericidal and therefore probably protective. Convalescent sera of meningococcal disease patients have elevated antibody levels to each of these classes of proteins. Outer membrane protein vaccines have been prepared, and clinically evaluated in adults and children as young as 6 mo of age. The vaccines induce serotype specific bactericidal antibodies in all age groups, but they induced lower levels in young children. We are now working to improve the immune response of children through the use of aluminium adjuvants.
Inhibition Of The Effects Of Tnf In Renal Allograft Recipients Using Recombinant Human Dimeric Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors (1995)

Eason, James D.; Wee, Siewlin; Kawai, Tatsuo; Hong, Han Zhou; Powelson, John A.; Widmer, Michael B.; Cosimi, A. Benedict Author Information
The various facets of random walk entropy (2010)

We review various features of the statistics of random paths on graphs. The relationship between path statistics and Quantum Mechanics (QM) leads to two canonical ways of defining random walk on a graph, which have different statistics and hence different entropies. Generic random walk (GRW) is in correspondence with the field-theoretical formalism, whereas maximal entropy random walk (MERW), introduced by us in a recent work, is motivated by the Feynman path-integral formulation of QM. GRW maximizes entropy locally (neighbors are chosen with equal probabilities), in contrast to MERW which does so globally (all paths of given length and endpoints are equally probable). The stationary distribution for MERW is given by the ground state of a quantum-mechanical problem where nodes whose degree is smaller than average act as repulsive impurities. We investigate static and dynamical properties GRW and MERW in a variety of examples in one and two dimensions. The most spectacular difference arises in the case of weakly diluted lattices, where a particle performing MERW gets eventually trapped in the largest nearly spherical region which is free of impurities. We put forward a quantitative explanation of this localization effect in terms of a classical Lifshitz phenomenon.
Photorelease of Carboxylic Acids from 1-Acyl-7-nitroindolines in Aqueous Solution:  Rapid and Efficient Photorelease of l-Glutamate1 (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPhotorelease of Carboxylic Acids from 1-Acyl-7-nitroindolines in Aqueous Solution: Rapid and Efficient Photorelease of l-Glutamate1George Papageorgiou, David C. Ogden, Andreas Barth, and John E. T. CorrieView Author Information National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 27, 6503–6504Publication Date (Web):June 24, 1999Publication History Received22 March 1999Revised30 April 1999Published online24 June 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990931ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990931erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1608Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Photodissociation,Solution chemistry,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Bioluminescence of the Ca2+-binding photoprotein aequorin after cysteine modification. (1989)

Aequorin is a monomeric Ca2+-binding protein (Mr, 21,400) that emits light upon reacting with Ca2+. The protein has three Ca2+-binding sites, three cysteine residues, and a noncovalently bound chromophore that consists of coelenterazine and molecular oxygen. Light is emitted via an intramolecular reaction in which coelenterazine is oxidized by the bound oxygen. After light emission, aequorin may be regenerated by incubating the protein with coelenterazine, dissolved oxygen, EDTA, and 2-mercaptoethanol. To understand structure-function relationships in this protein, we used the technique of site-specific mutagenesis to replace the three cysteine residues with serine. Six of the seven modified aequorins had reduced luminescence activity, whereas the seventh with all three cysteines replaced by serine had luminescence activity equal to or greater than that of the wild-type aequorin. Further, the time required for the regeneration of the triply substituted aequorin was substantially increased compared to the time required for the regeneration of the wild-type aequorin. The results suggest that cysteine plays an important role in the regeneration of aequorin but not in its catalytic activity.
Interparticle interactions in annealed FePt nanoparticle assemblies (2002)

Thermal treatment of self-assembled FePt nanoparticles reduces the interparticle distances, resulting in dramatic changes in the type and strength of interparticle interactions. Consequently, magnetic properties such as the hysteresis and magnetization reversal mechanisms are strongly affected. It is suggested that controlled annealing of self-assembled nanoparticles may offer a novel approach for producing hard magnetic nanocomposites.
Structures and mechanisms of glycosyltransferases (2005)

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the transfer of a sugar moiety from an activated donor sugar onto saccharide and nonsaccharide acceptors. A sequence-based classification spreads GTs in many families thus reflecting the variety of molecules that can be used as acceptors. In contrast, this enzyme family is characterized by a more conserved three-dimensional architecture. Until recently, only two different folds (GT-A and GT-B) have been identified for solved crystal structures. The recent report of a structure for a bacterial sialyltransferase allows the definition of a new fold family. Progress in the elucidation of the structures and mechanisms of GTs are discussed in this review. To accommodate the growing number of crystal structures, we created the 3D-Glycosyltransferase database to gather structural information concerning this class of enzymes.
The Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as a Target in Drug Discovery (2007)

The cell signaling cascades provoked by Wnt proteins (the Wnt signaling pathways), which are well conserved through evolution, play crucial roles to maintain homeostasis of a variety of tissues such as skin, blood, intestine, and brain, as well as to regulate proliferation, morphology, motility, and fate of cells during embryonic development. Among these pathways, the signal transduction through beta-catenin (the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway) has been most intensively studied because this signal regulates the expression of a number of genes essential for cell proliferation and differentiation and also this pathway is perturbed in a number of diseases such as cancers, bone diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no therapeutic agents that can selectively modulate the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, although some existing drugs (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, and imatinib mesylate) have been suggested to inhibit this pathway. Here we provide an overview of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: its roles in physiology and pathology and the possibility as a target in development of new drugs.
Reversible Formation and Decomposition of LiF Clusters Using Transition Metal Fluorides as Precursors and Their Application in Rechargeable Li Batteries (2003)

A LiF/M nanocomposite in which LiF is dispersed with a transition metal (TM) on an atomic or nanometer scale can be obtained by a complete electrochemical insertion of Li into TM fluoride. Thus Li–F bonds can be broken and reformed at room temperature, and Li can be reversibly stored in TM fluorides through heterogeneous solid‐state electrochemical reactions (see Figure).
Thoracic Spinal Cord Stimulation Reduces the Risk of Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Postinfarction Heart Failure Canine Model (2005)

Thoracic SCS appears to protect against ischemic VT/VF in a canine model of healed MI and HF. SCS reduced sinus rate and systolic blood pressure, changes consistent with the previously known antisympathetic effect of SCS, which may have contributed to the antiarrhythmic benefits.
Fragile X Proteins FMRP and FXR2P Control Synaptic GluA1 Expression and Neuronal Maturation via Distinct Mechanisms (2015)

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) and its autosomal paralog FXR2P are selective neuronal RNA-binding proteins, and mice that lack either protein exhibit cognitive deficits. Although double-mutant mice display more severe learning deficits than single mutants, the molecular mechanism behind this remains unknown. In the present study, we discovered that FXR2P (also known as FXR2) is important for neuronal dendritic development. FMRP and FXR2P additively promote the maturation of new neurons by regulating a common target, the AMPA receptor GluA1, but they do so via distinct mechanisms: FXR2P binds and stabilizes GluA1 mRNA and enhances subsequent protein expression, whereas FMRP promotes GluA1 membrane delivery. Our findings unveil important roles for FXR2P and GluA1 in neuronal development, uncover a regulatory mechanism of GluA1, and reveal a functional convergence between fragile X proteins in neuronal development.
Rearrangement and expression of rabbit immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene in transgenic mice. (1987)

To determine whether a foreign unrearranged immunoglobulin gene can be functionally rearranged and expressed in vivo, a rabbit b9 kappa light chain gene construct containing a single germ-line kappa chain variable (V) region gene (V kappa), the five kappa chain joining (J) segments (J kappa), and the kappa chain constant (C) region germ-line gene (C kappa) was introduced into fertilized mouse eggs. Eleven transgenic mice carrying 1-30 copies of the rabbit kappa gene construct were obtained. Rearrangement of the transgene due to V kappa-J kappa recombination was observed in the spleen of all the mice lines analyzed. Only the J kappa 1 and J kappa 2 segments, which have canonical sequences for rearrangement and high-level expression, are utilized in assembly of the rabbit gene. V kappa-J kappa 1 and V kappa-J kappa 2 joining was also observed in the thymus but not in nonlymphoid tissue. Polyadenylylated rabbit kappa chain transcripts of 1.2 kilobases were found in the spleen of the transgenic mice. The level of transcription was low despite a high level of rearrangement. Three transgenic mice lines secreted kappa light chains encoded by the foreign rabbit gene. Serum rabbit kappa chains were associated with mouse mu and gamma 1 heavy chains. However, hybrid antibody molecules containing both rabbit and mouse kappa light chains were also found in the serum of these animals. These results suggest that, although the rabbit kappa chain gene construct contains the necessary sequences for gene assembly, sequences implicated in stage- and tissue-specific regulation of kappa chain gene rearrangement are either missing or not recognized by mouse lymphoid cells.
Solvent-Free Electrolytes with Aqueous Solution-Like Conductivities (2003)

Aqueous solutions are generally assumed to be superior electrolytic conductors because of the unique dielectric and fluid properties of water. We show that their conductivities can be matched by liquid electrolytes that contain no solvent. These are proton transfer salts that are liquid at ambient temperature. The high conductivities are due to the high fluidity and ionicity rather than some sort of Grotthus mechanism, although in certain cases a mobile proton population may make a non-negligible contribution. The highest conductivities have been obtained when both cations and anions contain protons. At 25 degrees C, values of >150 millisiemens per centimeter (mS x cm(-1)) appear possible; at 100 degrees C, 470 mS x cm(-1) has been measured. Because of the combination of high ionicity and proton exchange kinetics with low vapor pressure, the systems we describe also make excellent fuel cell electrolytes.