gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the CCK-C (cancer) receptor in human pancreatic cancer (2002)

The gastrointestinal peptides gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulate growth of human pancreatic cancer by a receptor-mediated process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular and functional characteristics of the receptor associated with peptide-induced pancreatic cancer proliferation. Utilizing total RNA from human pancreatic cancer cells a cDNA was cloned and sequenced by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methodology. The molecular characteristics of the receptor cDNA were studied by Northern analysis and protein structure by Western analysis. An antibody raised against the novel receptor was utilized to investigate the role of the CCK-C receptor on pancreatic cancer cellular growth using in vitro technology. A spliced variant of the CCK-B receptor was identified which differed from the CCK-B receptor by the presence of intron 4. Northern analysis showed a transcript size of 3.2 Kb for the receptor mRNA in the human pancreatic cancer specimens, and Western blotting revealed binding to a 49 kDa protein in pancreatic tumors. Immunoreactivity was found in pancreatic cancer cells and tumors with localization in the cytoplasm. Treatment of BxPC-3 human cancer cells with the antibody resulted in growth inhibition. These data reveal the presence of a unique CCK receptor in human pancreatic cancer that functions in growth and is not present in normal human pancreas. The term CCK-C or 'cancer' receptor has been proposed to signify the relationship of this receptor to neoplasia.
Utilization of Digital Differential Display to Identify Novel Targets of Oct3/4 (2006)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate infinitely while maintaining pluripotency. The POU family transcription factor Oct3/4 is specifically expressed in ES cells and early embryos and plays a critical role in self-renewal of ES cells. However, only a few examples of Oct3/4 target genes have been identified. In this chapter, we describe our strategy to isolate novel Oct3/4 target genes. We first identify genes that are specifically expressed in ES cells by means of digital differential display of expressed sequence tag databases. Reporter gene and gel mobility shift assays are used to confirm the role of Oct3/4. Identification of novel Oct3/4 targets will facilitate our understanding of pluripotency.
Image adaptive high volume data hiding based on scalar quantization (2003)

Information-theoretic analysis for data hiding prescribe embedding the hidden data in the choice of quantizer for the host data. We consider a suboptimal implementation of this prescription, with a view to hiding high volumes of data in images with low perceptual degradation. The three main findings are as follows. (i) Scalar quantization based data hiding schemes incur about 2 dB penalty from the optimal embedding strategy, which involves vector quantization of the host. (ii) In order to limit perceivable distortion while hiding large amounts of data, hiding schemes must use local perceptual criteria in addition to information-theoretic guidelines. (iii) Powerful erasure and error correcting codes provide a flexible framework that allows the data-hider freedom of choice of where to embed without requiring synchronization between encoder and decoder.
A Facile Method for Direct Conversion of Dihydrofuroquinolones to Dihydropyrroloquinolones (1998)

A novel and efficient method is described for one-step conversion of dihydrofuroquinolones to dihydropymoloquinolones in high yields under mild conditions.,2-c]quinolines (1) were known to be K'-competitive inhibitors of the gastric (H+/K')-ATP~S~.'.'These compounds have therapeutic potential in the treatment of disorders such as peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease, particularly if they could he shown to avoid the sustained hypergastrinemia observed after chronic exposure to omcprazole.'A convergent synthesis of pyrroloquinoline (I) from the dihydropyrroloquinolones (2) was reported (eq.I).'
Prehospital and In-Hospital Delays in Acute Stroke Care (2001)

Current guidelines emphasize the need for early stroke care. However, significant delays occur during both the prehospital and in-hospital phases of care, making many patients ineligible for stroke therapies. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and summarize the existing scientific literature reporting prehospital and in-hospital stroke delay times in order to assist future delivery of effective interventions to reduce delay time and to raise several key issues which future studies should consider. A comprehensive search was performed to find all published journal articles which reported on the prehospital or in-hospital delay time for stroke, including intervention studies. Since 1981, at least 48 unique reports of prehospital delay time for patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke-like symptoms were published from 17 different countries. In the majority of studies which reported median delay times, the median time from symptom onset to arrival in the emergency department was between 3 and 6 h. The in-hospital times from emergency department arrival to being seen by an emergency department physician, initiation and interpretation of a computed tomography (CT) scan, and being seen by a neurologist were consistently longer than recommended. However, prehospital delay comprised the majority of time from symptom onset to potential treatment. Definitions and methodologies differed across studies, making direct comparisons difficult. This review suggests that the majority of stroke patients are unlikely to arrive at the emergency department and receive a diagnostic evaluation in under 3 h. Further studies of stroke delay and corresponding interventions are needed, with careful attention to definitions and methodologies.
In silico design and adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli for production of lactic acid (2005)

The development and validation of new methods to help direct rational strain design for metabolite overproduction remains an important problem in metabolic engineering. Here we show that computationally predicted E. coli strain designs, calculated from a genome-scale metabolic model, can lead to successful production strains and that adaptive evolution of the engineered strains can lead to improved production capabilities. Three strain designs for lactate production were implemented yielding a total of 11 evolved production strains that were used to demonstrate the utility of this integrated approach. Strains grown on 2 g/L glucose at 37 degrees C showed lactate titers ranging from 0.87 to 1.75 g/L and secretion rates that were directly coupled to growth rates.
Non‐antioxidant molecular functions of α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) (2002)

alpha-Tocopherol (the major vitamin E component) regulates key cellular events by mechanisms unrelated with its antioxidant function. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and vascular smooth muscle cell growth by alpha-tocopherol was first described by our group. Later, alpha-tocopherol was shown to inhibit PKC in various cell types with consequent inhibition of aggregation in platelets, of nitric oxide production in endothelial cells and of superoxide production in neutrophils and macrophages. alpha-Tocopherol diminishes adhesion molecule, collagenase and scavenger receptor (SR-A and CD36) expression and increases connective tissue growth factor expression.
Driver Genes as Targets for Lung Cancer Prevention and Treatment (2013)

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been widely used in identifying the most important driver genes to lung carcinogenesis. Compared to the traditional sequencing approaches such as Sanger sequencing, NGS has several distinct advantages including the capacity to fully sequence almost all of the genes in the whole genome, whole exome or whole transcriptome, and the ability to simultaneously detect all types of genetic variants such as base substitutions (mutations), insertions, deletions, copy number variants, structural variants, gene fusions, etc. In the past few years, several comprehensive NGS studies on three major types of lung cancer (lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung cancer, and small-cell lung cancer) have been successfully conducted which both confirmed the significance of the previously identified lung cancer driver genes and revealed the 'novel' significant driver genes that were not well known in the lung cancer context before. Functional somatic genetic alterations in these genes exist in the majority of the lung cancer samples studied and altered the critical pathways whose aberrations have a direct impact on lung cancer development. It is anticipated that the expanding list of lung cancer driver genes will provide unprecedented opportunities to identify the best targets for lung cancer prevention and treatment.
Monodisperse Alginate Hydrogel Microbeads for Cell Encapsulation (2007)

A method that combines internal gelation with T-junction droplet formation in microfluidic devices for the production of monodisperse alginate hydrogel microbeads is described. Our approach gives high uniformity, and allows better control over both size and shape of the microbeads compared to conventional external gelation methods performed in microfluidic devices (see figure). Also, we demonstrate that our approach is mild enough to encapsulate mammalian cells (Jurkat) without loss of their viability.
The balloon-expandable stent. (2007)

Despite our best intentions to live according to carefully planned goals, life has a tendency to express itself in curious ways and unexpected outcomes. Now nearing the conclusion of my medical career I come to realise that serendipity had as much intervened in my life as anything I had under my control. If I could identify the things I have done right without trying, and pass that experience on to young people, then I would be smart as opposed to just lucky. I came to the US from my native Argentina when I was half my present age, with the firm determination to do something significant in vascular research. However, this goal was as broad as the subject itself, and looking for opportunities was a humbling experience. The opportunity came all of sudden while I was attending my very first vascular meeting, as a first year resident. The keynote speaker of the February 1978 meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR) was scheduled last in the program, not because of the importance of his subject but as a perverse way to keep the audience from dwindling during the last session on a late Friday afternoon. The speaker was none other than Andreas Gruentzig in one of his first presentations in the US of a fascinating new way to treat vascular disease, balloon angioplasty. I was seated in the first row of the crowded, small room so I had a good look at the young man, who was dynamic and engaging. Gruentzig came across as both brilliant and honest as he showed his early experiences promising, but not free of pitfalls. In fact, he spent as much time talking about failures as he did about successes. He showed several angiograms and histological sections of the new evil resulting from the brand new technique. Acute post-angioplasty dissection and occlusion were the unpredictable complications arising after deflation and withdrawal of the angioplasty balloon. My mind has always seemed to seek a solution whenever a problem is presented to it. The faltering arterial wall after balloon angioplasty elicited for me the image of crumbling soil in oil drilling, requiring the placement of a metal tube casing. On the way to the New Orleans airport in the front seat of the cab with my boss Stewart Reuter, I commented on Gruentzig’s new technique and a potential solution to its limitations. Stewart, who was the president of the SCVIR that year, thought that I ought to write up the idea as a way to exercise my medical writing abilities. The report I produced, after some bibliographic research and work at home, constituted the written evidence of the first conception of the idea, and would prove an important document in court battles 20 years later.
Fabrication and imaging of two-dimensional patterns of proteins adsorbed on self-assembled monolayers by scanning electron microscopy (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFabrication and imaging of two-dimensional patterns of proteins adsorbed on self-assembled monolayers by scanning electron microscopyGabriel P. Lopez, Hans A. Biebuyck, Ralph Harter, Amit Kumar, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 10774–10781Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views875Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydroxy‐ and Aminophenyl Radicals from Arenediazonium Salts (2011)

Arenediazonium salts are well-known sources of aryl radicals; however, the hydroxy- and amino-substituted derivatives 1, 2, and 3, which lead to the respective formation of radicals 4, 5, and 6, have rarely been employed in synthetic organic chemistry so far. New synthetic applications of these species have been found, and the properties that may have previously hindered their successful use have been investigated. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel Anionic Photoacid Generators (PAGs) and Corresponding PAG Bound Polymers (2006)

Abstract Summary: A new series of functionalized anionic photoacid generators (PAGs), and corresponding polymers were prepared in moderate to good yield and characterized. The thermostability of PAG bound polymers was superior to PAG blend polymers. The fluorine‐free PAG bound or blend polymers exhibited higher stability than fluorine‐substituted PAG bound or blend polymers. Although the acid generating efficiency of PAG blend polymers was higher than that of PAG bound polymers, yet it is anticipated that PAG incorporated into the polymer main chain may improve acid diffusion compared with the PAG blend polymers. This was demonstrated by preliminary electron beam lithography (EBL) results: the fluorine PAG bound polymer resist HE‐F4‐MBS‐TPS gave 35 nm 1:1 L/S and showed better resolution than the blend sample HE Blend F4‐IBBS‐TPS. The PAG bound resist showed the capability for higher resolution, since 30 nm 2:1 L/S patterned. Based on these preliminary EBL results, the PAG bound polymer samples are anticipated to have a resolution capability for the 32 nm node for EUVL. Design of microstructures for EUV lithography. magnified image Design of microstructures for EUV lithography.
A 20-ns 4-Mb CMOS SRAM with hierarchical word decoding architecture (1990)

A 20 ns 4-Mb CMOS SRAM operating at a single supply voltage of 3.3 V is described. The fast access time has been achieved by a newly proposed word-decoding architecture and a high-speed sense amplifier combined with the address transition detection (ATD) technique. The RAM has the fast address mode, which achieves quicker than 10-ns access, and the 16-b parallel test mode for the reduction of test time. A 0.6- mu m process technology featuring quadruple-polysilicon and double-metal wiring is adopted to integrate more than 16 million transistors in a 8.35-mm*18.0-mm die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preclinical antitumor evaluation of bis-acetato-ammine-dichloro-cyclohexylamine platinum(IV): an orally active platinum drug. (1993)

The cytotoxicity of a novel platinum(IV) complex, bis-acetato-amminedichloro-cyclohexylamine platinum(IV) (JM216), has been evaluated in vitro against a panel of human tumor cell lines (predominantly ovarian) representative of models of intrinsic and acquired to cisplatin. In addition, the activity of JM216 administered by the p.o. route has been determined in vivo using the murine ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma and four human ovarian carcinoma xenograft lines. In vitro, against seven human ovarian carcinoma cell lines, JM216 showed similar cytotoxicity and pattern of cytotoxicity to cisplatin (mean 50% inhibitory concentrations of 3.5 microM for cisplatin and 1.7 microM for JM216). The cytotoxicity of JM216 was more dependent on the time of drug exposure than that of cisplatin, suggesting that extended split-dosing rather than a single bolus administration might be a more appropriate schedule in patients. Using six pairs of acquired cisplatin-resistant and parent human tumor cell lines (four ovarian, one testicular, and one cervical) JM216 exhibited non-cross-resistance (resistance factor of < 1.5) in three whereas tetraplatin exhibited partial or full cross-resistance in all six pairs. Notably, in two of the acquired cisplatin-resistant lines (41McisR and HX/155cisR) where JM216 retained activity, resistance has previously shown to be due primarily to reduced platinum uptake. In vivo, following p.o. administration using the cisplatin-sensitive murine ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma, JM216 showed antitumor selectivity far superior to that observed for either cisplatin, carboplatin, or tetraplatin. Across four human ovarian carcinoma xenografts of widely differing sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin, JM216 exhibited p.o. activity, broadly comparable to that observed for i.v. administered cisplatin and carboplatin and markedly superior to i.p. administered tetraplatin. These antitumor properties suggest that JM216 provides a structural lead to platinum complexes which may circumvent transport-determined acquired resistance to cisplatin and is a suitable candidate as an p.o. administrable platinum complex for phase I clinical trial.
High-power and high temperature long-term stabilityof Al-free 950 nm laser structures on GaAs (1999)

Al-free InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP broad area lasers emitting at 950 nm show low degradation rates below 6 × 10-5/h, under conditions of 1.5 W emission power per 100 µm stripe width at 50°C and 4 W/200 µm at room temperature.
Tachyphylaxis to Local Anesthetics Does Not Result from Reduced Drug Effectiveness at the Nerve Itself (1989)

Possible development of tachyphylaxis to local anesthetics in the nerve itself (time-dependent change in axonal conduction properties) was studied in the aortic nerve of eight rabbits anesthetized with urethane. The nerve was immersed in Tyrode solution with or without bupivacaine at pH 7.4 and 38 degrees C in a trough molded from the surrounding tissues. After control measurements the nerve was exposed to increasing bupivacaine concentrations until complete nerve block at minimal blocking concentration. Subsequently, bupivacaine concentrations were reduced and kept constant for 4 h (partial block). Finally, intact nerve function was confirmed after bupivacaine washout with Tyrode solution. For quantification total nerve activity was recorded continuously and related to drug concentrations. Two findings argue against the occurrence of tachyphylaxis at the nerve itself: 1) nerve activity decreased rather than increased over time in the presence of constant bupivacaine concentrations during partial block; and 2) for the same bupivacaine concentration, nerve activity during partial block was always lower than during the initial blocking experiments. Thus, drug effectiveness increased rather than decreased over time, which cannot be reconciled with the theory that tachyphylaxis might be mediated by changes in axonal conduction properties.
A Salmonella Toxin Promotes Persister Formation through Acetylation of tRNA (2016)

The recalcitrance of many bacterial infections to antibiotic treatment is thought to be due to the presence of persisters that are non-growing, antibiotic-insensitive cells. Eventually, persisters resume growth, accounting for relapses of infection. Salmonella is an important pathogen that causes disease through its ability to survive inside macrophages. After macrophage phagocytosis, a significant proportion of the Salmonella population forms non-growing persisters through the action of toxin-antitoxin modules. Here we reveal that one such toxin, TacT, is an acetyltransferase that blocks the primary amine group of amino acids on charged tRNA molecules, thereby inhibiting translation and promoting persister formation. Furthermore, we report the crystal structure of TacT and note unique structural features, including two positively charged surface patches that are essential for toxicity. Finally, we identify a detoxifying mechanism in Salmonella wherein peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase counteracts TacT-dependent growth arrest, explaining how bacterial persisters can resume growth.