gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Growth Factors in the Accelerated Closure of Interstices in Explanted Meshed Human Skin Grafts (2000)

Meshed split-thickness skin grafts, especially when required to be widely spread, do not obtain immediate biologic wound closure. In cases of patients with burns that cover a large percentage of the body surface area, this leaves the patient at risk for metabolic problems and life-threatening infection. Several cytokines and growth factors could theoretically affect the rate of epithelialization and, therefore, the rate of meshed graft interstitial closure. With the use of human meshed skin grafts explanted onto athymic "nude" rats, the epithelialization kinetics of interleukin-4 (IL-4), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF), keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1), keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF(B2)) were investigated; the results were compared with the rates of epithelialization of grafts treated with a vehicle control. On postoperative day 3, wounds treated with IL-4, KGF-2, bFGF, and TGF(B2) showed a significantly increased rate of interstitial closure (P < .05). On postoperative days 5 and 7, wounds treated with KGF-2, bFGF, and TGF(B2) all exhibited a significantly higher rate of interstitial closure than the grafts in the control group (P < .05). These data suggest that epithelialization kinetics can be accelerated with the use of several topical growth factors, and they provide support for a future clinical trial.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Fabs of Human Autoantibodies in Escherichia coli (2000)

The Fabs of three human autoantibodies (B3/33H11, anti-DNA; UK4, anti-phospholipid) and six related hybrids have been cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis of the recombinant Fab demonstrated the purified Fab to be of correct size and in assembled form. Protein expression levels of up to 5-9 mg per liter of culture were achievable. A sensitive and reliable comparative anti-DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, involving a defined biotinylated 35-mer oligonucleotide in its single- or double-stranded form, is also described. Crithidia assay and anti-DNA or anti-cardiolipin antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses demonstrated convincing binding of the recombinant Fab proteins to DNA/cardiolipin, confirming the expression of functional molecule. The comparative DNA/cardiolipin binding analyses of the nine Fabs revealed that the anti-DNA (light, B3/33H11) or anti-cardiolipin (heavy, UK4) activity lies predominantly on one of the two chains. However, a compatible partner chain is necessary for optimum antigen binding activity of the antibody.
Evolving therapies for the management of chronic and acute decompensated heart failure (2016)

Recently introduced agents for the treatment of patients with HF include sacubitril-valsartan, ivabradine, and ferric carboxymaltose. Additional agents worthy of attention include serelaxin and other therapies currently under investigation.
An optimal periodic scheduler for dual-arm robots in cluster tools with residency constraints (2001)

Discusses a scheduling technique, for cluster tools, that addresses postprocessing residency constraints and throughput requirements. The residency constraints impose a limit on the postprocessing time that a material unit spends in a processing module. The technique searches in the time and resource domains for a feasible schedule with a maximum throughput. It operates in two main phases; the initial one of which (and the lower complexity one) computes a simple periodic schedule. For a large number of problem instances, the simple periodic schedule feasibly solves the problem. If a feasible schedule cannot be found in the first phase, the scheduler enters phase two (the higher complexity one) to compute a feasible schedule. During this phase, the scheduler incrementally increases the period only if necessary, to keep the throughput at a maximum. Several heuristics are designed and added to reduce the complexity of the scheduling algorithm. The resulting schedules are deadlock free, since resources are scheduled according to the times that they are available. Analytical and experimental analyses demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of our proposed technique.
Inhibition by albumin of merocyanine 540‐mediated photosensitization of platelets and viruses (1991)

The effect of the photosensitizer merocyanine 540 (MC 540) on platelets and on three marker viruses was examined to assess its potential in reducing virus transmission by blood products. The results demonstrated several deleterious effects of MC 540 (4-24 micrograms/mL) on platelet morphology and function in both the absence and presence of light (450-600 nm). Treatment of washed platelets with MC 540 in the dark resulted in a significant release of serotonin in the absence of added agonist, as well as a diminished response to thrombin as measured in vitro. In addition, photosensitization caused spontaneous platelet aggregation and release of 92 percent of the releasable serotonin without the addition of an agonist. Because photo-treatment of blood products is likely to be performed in a protein-rich medium, the influence of albumin on the phototoxic effects on platelets was assessed. Albumin added to the suspension medium at concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 percent protected the platelets against the effects of MC 540 in the dark, whereas 5-percent albumin was required for protection against the phototoxic effects of MC 540 on the platelet response to thrombin. The antiviral activity of MC 540 and light was examined by using the lipid-containing viruses herpes simplex virus (HSV) and bacteriophages phi 6 and PM2. Of the lipid-enveloped viruses, HSV was 25 times more photosensitive to MC 540 than was phi 6 (15 micrograms/mL). PM2, which has an internal lipid layer, was almost 300 times less sensitive to MC 540 and light than was HSV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Effect of Low-power Laser on the Murine Hair Growth (2005)

The mouse irradiated by the Leimo showed 30% increase in the hair growing speed. 2. The region irradiated by the Leimo shows the hair growing speed and the density much higher than the region not irradiated by the LEIMO
Malignant transformation of human prostatic epithelium is associated with the loss of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the surrounding stroma. (1999)

The cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hormone resistance remain unclear. Studies evaluating the role of changes in human androgen receptor (hAR) expression in the progression of prostatic tumors have been inconclusive. Androgenic influence over prostatic growth is mediated via the regulation of interactions between stromal and epithelial cells. We hypothesized that neoplastic transformation of the prostate would be associated with alterations in hAR expression in the adjacent stroma. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we determined hAR positivity in the epithelium and adjacent stroma of sections from 17 benign and 39 malignant prostatic glands. We found that whereas the expression of the receptor decreased in both cellular compartments as the tissues dedifferentiated, the depletion was more pronounced in the stromal nuclei (P<0.0001). However, in sections from both untreated and hormone-resistant prostate cancer tissues, although heterogeneity of hAR expression in malignant epithelia was increased, there appeared to be a unique field effect around the cancerous prostate glands that resulted in a decreased expression of the receptor in the adjacent benign glands and its total loss in the surrounding stroma. The loss of hAR in the stroma adjacent to malignant prostatic epithelium may play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Furthermore, the similarity of the lack of stromal hAR expression in newly diagnosed and hormone-resistant prostate cancer (P = 0.85) may be an indication that the mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of hormone independence are established early in the malignant transformation process.
Kinetics of denitrification by Pseudomonas denitrificans under growth conditions limited by carbon and/or nitrate or nitrite (1996)

Kinetic experiments were carried out for a pure culture of Pseudomonas denitrificans to develop a mathematical model that adequately describes denitrification under both carbon and nitrate or nitrite electron acceptor limited conditions. Denitrification was assumed to occur by the consecutive reduction of nitrates to nitrites and then to nitrogen gas without accumulation of intermediate gaseous products. The denitrification kinetics, assuming they are associated with cell growth, could be very well described by using Monod expressions with double substrate limitation (terminal electron acceptor and organic carbon). The kinetic parameters of the model were evaluated exclusively from batch experimental data. The proposed model is able to predict accurately the biomass growth, the nitrate and nitrite reduction rates, as well as the accumulation of nitrite‐nitrogen as an intermediate, due to nitrate inhibition on the nitrite reduction rate.
Photo‐Degradation and Fluorescence of Colloidal‐Cadmium Sulfide in Aqueous Solution (1982)

Abstract Colloidal cadmium sulfide deposited on 13 nm silicon dioxide particles shows a weak fluorescence with a maximum at 620 – 660 nm (depending on the sample). Oxygen does not quench the fluorescence. All anions exert a quenching effect at concentrations below 10 −3 M, S 2‐ , Br − , and I − being the most effective ones. Tl + , Ag + , Pb 2+ , and Cu 2+ strongly quench the fluorescence at concentrations below 10 −4 M. Nitrobenzene quenches at higher concentrations in the 10 −3 M range. Quenching is attributed to adsorbed ions or molecules. In the case of the anions, a mechanism is proposed in which positive hole‐anion pairs are formed at the surface of the colloidal particles before neutralization by electrons takes place. In the case of the cations and of nitrobenzene, quenching is explained by electron capture. Colloidal CdS doped with less than 1% Cu 2+ or Ag + showed a much stronger fluorescence than undoped samples.—Colloidal cadmium sulfide is degraded by light only in the presence of oxygen the quantum yield in aerated solution being 0.04. The action of oxygen is mainly attributed to a reaction with intermediates of the sulfide oxidation by positive holes. In the presence of Tl + or Pb 2+ ions at some 10 −5 M, the photo‐degradation is drastically promoted up to a quantum yield of 0.24. Cu 2+ and Ag + , however, retard the degradation. Both effects are understood in terms of electron scavenging by the adsorbed metal ions and reoxidation of the reduced metal by oxygen or by positive holes. Sodium sulfide protects cadmium sulfide from degradation. In the absence of air, small amounts of hydrogen are formed in Na 2 S containing solution.
Evaluation of per-record identification risk and swappability of records in a microdata set via decomposable models (2006)

We propose a strategy for disclosure risk evaluation and disclosure control of a microdata set based on fitting decomposable models of a multiway contingency table corresponding to the microdata set. By fitting decomposable models, we can evaluate per-record identification (or re-identification) risk of a microdata set. Furthermore we can easily determine swappability of risky records which does not disturb the set of marginals of the decomposable model. Use of decomposable models has been already considered in the existing literature. The contribution of this paper is to propose a systematic strategy to the problem of finding a model with a good fit, identifying risky records under the model, and then applying the swapping procedure to these records.
<title>USA experiment on the ARGOS satellite: a low-cost instrument for timing x-ray binaries</title> (1994)

The Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite (ARGOS) of the Space Test Program is a low-cost, quick, yet scientifically ambitious X-ray timing experiment. The research program emphasizes observing neutron stars and black holes for extended periods with sub-millisecond timing resolution. The scientific program is achieved using hardware whose key features are large collecting area (2000 cm<SUP>2</SUP>), energy response extending as low as 1 keV, long accumulated observing times (1 month), high time resolution (1 microsecond(s) ), absolute time-tagging (also to 1 microsecond(s) ) achieved using a GPS receiver, sustained high data rates (40 kbps at all times supplemented by 128 kbps as needed), and flexibility in data handling by using a solid state recorder and a radiation- hardened 20 MIPS 32-bit onboard computer to provide onboard processing.
The Use of Targeted Mouse Models for Preclinical Testing of Novel Cancer Therapeutics (2006)

The use of genetically engineered cancer-prone mice as relevant surrogates for patients during the development of pertinent clinical applications is an unproven expectation that awaits direct demonstration. Despite the generally disappointing findings using tumor xenografts and certain early transgenic cancer models to predict therapeutic efficacy in patients, the dramatic progress of mouse models in recent years engenders optimism that the newest generation of mouse models will provide a higher standard of predictive utility in the process of drug development.
A fast and accurate computational approach to protein ionization (2008)

We report a very fast and accurate physics-based method to calculate pH-dependent electrostatic effects in protein molecules and to predict the pK values of individual sites of titration. In addition, a CHARMm-based algorithm is included to construct and refine the spatial coordinates of all hydrogen atoms at a given pH. The present method combines electrostatic energy calculations based on the Generalized Born approximation with an iterative mobile clustering approach to calculate the equilibria of proton binding to multiple titration sites in protein molecules. The use of the GBIM (Generalized Born with Implicit Membrane) CHARMm module makes it possible to model not only water-soluble proteins but membrane proteins as well. The method includes a novel algorithm for preliminary refinement of hydrogen coordinates. Another difference from existing approaches is that, instead of monopeptides, a set of relaxed pentapeptide structures are used as model compounds. Tests on a set of 24 proteins demonstrate the high accuracy of the method. On average, the RMSD between predicted and experimental pK values is close to 0.5 pK units on this data set, and the accuracy is achieved at very low computational cost. The pH-dependent assignment of hydrogen atoms also shows very good agreement with protonation states and hydrogen-bond network observed in neutron-diffraction structures. The method is implemented as a computational protocol in Accelrys Discovery Studio and provides a fast and easy way to study the effect of pH on many important mechanisms such as enzyme catalysis, ligand binding, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability.
A probabilistic classification system for predicting the cellular localization sites of proteins. (1996)

We have defined a simple model of classification which combines human provided expert knowledge with probabilistic reasoning. We have developed software to implement this model and have applied it to the problem of classifying proteins into their various cellular localization sites based on their amino acid sequences. Since our system requires no hand tuning to learn training data, we can now evaluate the prediction accuracy of protein localization sites by a more objective cross-validation method than earlier studies using production rule type expert systems. 336 E. coli proteins were classified into 8 classes with an accuracy of 81% while 1484 yeast proteins were classified into 10 classes with an accuracy of 55%. Additionally we report empirical results using three different strategies for handling continuously valued variables in our probabilistic reasoning system.
The impact of altered p53 dosage on hematopoietic stem cell dynamics during aging (2006)

A temporal decline in tissue stem cell functionality may be a key component of mammalian aging. The tumor suppressor p53 has recently been implicated as a potential regulator of aging. We examined age-associated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dynamics in mice with varying p53 activities. Reduced p53 activity in p53+/- mice was associated with higher numbers of proliferating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in old age compared with aged wild-type (p53+/+) mice. We also assessed HSC dynamics in a p53 mutant mouse model (p53+/m) with higher apparent p53 activity than wild-type mice. The p53 hypermorphic (p53+/m) mice display phenotypes of premature aging. Many aged p53+/m organs exhibit reduced cellularity and atrophy, suggesting defects in stem-cell regenerative capacity. HSC numbers from old p53+/m mice fail to increase with age, unlike those of their p53+/+ and p53+/- counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of 500 HSCs from old p53+/m mice into lethally irradiated recipients resulted in reduced engraftment compared with old wild-type p53+/+ and p53+/- HSCs. Thus, alteration of p53 activity affects stem-cell numbers, proliferation potential, and hematopoiesis in older organisms, supporting a model in which aging is caused in part by a decline in tissue stem cell regenerative function.
DEVELOPMENT OF REVERSED-PHASE CHIRAL HPLC METHODS USING MASS SPECTROMETRY COMPATIBLE MOBILE PHASES (2000)

Kumar V. Penmetsaa*, Christopher D. Reddicka, Saul W. Finka, Brent L. Kleintopa, Gerald C. DiDonatoa, Kevin J. Volka & Steven E. Klohra a Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute , Analytical Research and Development, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, U.S.A.
Understanding and visualizing full systems with data flow tomography (2008)

It is not uncommon for modern systems to be composed of a variety of interacting services, running across multiple machines in such a way that most developers do not really understand the whole system. As abstraction is layered atop abstraction, developers gain the ability to compose systems of extraordinary complexity with relative ease. However, many software properties, especially those that cut across abstraction layers, become very difficult to understand in such compositions. The communication patterns involved, the privacy of critical data, and the provenance of information, can be difficult to find and understand, even with access to all of the source code. The goal of Data Flow Tomography is to use the inherent information flow of such systems to help visualize the interactions between complex and interwoven components across multiple layers of abstraction. In the same way that the injection of short-lived radioactive isotopes help doctors trace problems in the cardiovascular system, the use of "data tagging" can help developers slice through the extraneous layers of software and pin-point those portions of the system interacting with the data of interest. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we have developed a prototype system in which tags are tracked both through the machine and in between machines over the network, and from which novel visualizations of the whole system can be derived. We describe the system-level challenges in creating a working system tomography tool and we qualitatively evaluate our system by examining several example real world scenarios.
[Molecular cloning of a protein antigen gene of Cysticercus cellulosae]. (2004)

A cDNA clone of 1320 bp was isolated. The clone contained one open reading frame composed of 1260 bp encoding 420 amino acids, in which two potential glycosylation sites were found. The partial nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment showed high homology with the essential spectrin gene of Caenorhabditis elegans and the erythrocyte surface antigen gene of Plasmodium falciparum, when the gene fragment was homologically analyzed in GenBank.
Current status of human chromosome 14 (2002)

Over the past three decades, extensive genetic, physical, transcript, and sequence maps have assisted in the mapping of over 30 genetic diseases and in the identification of over 550 genes on human chromosome 14. Additional genetic disorders were assigned to chromosome 14 by studying either constitutional or acquired chromosome aberrations of affected subjects. Studies of benign and malignant tumours by karyotype analyses and by allelotyping with a panel of polymorphic genetic markers have further suggested the presence of several tumour suppressor loci on chromosome 14. The search for disease genes on human chromosome 14 has also been achieved by exploiting the human-mouse comparative maps. Research on uniparental disomy and on the search for imprinted genes has supported evidence of epigenetic inheritance as a result of imprinting on human chromosome 14. This review focuses on the current developments on human chromosome 14 with respect to genetic maps, physical maps, transcript maps, sequence maps, genes, diseases, mouse-human comparative maps, and imprinting.
Electrical Stimulation Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery in Severe Angina Pectoris (1998)

CABG and SCS appear to be equivalent methods in terms of symptom relief in this group of patients. Effects on ischemia, morbidity, and mortality should be considered in the choice of treatment method. Taking all factors into account, it seems reasonable to conclude that SCS may be a therapeutic alternative for patients with an increased risk of surgical complications.
Free-space optical relay for the interconnection of multimode fibers (1999)

We present results from a system that shows that multimode fibers can be used for both the input and the output of a free-space optical system. The system consists of plastic microlenses integrated with plastic optomechanical components that are suitable for low-cost fabrication and assembly. Such a system opens up opportunities to construct large repeaters and switches for multigigabit ethernet applications by integration with two-dimensional arrays of optoelectronic devices. We demonstrate a 2.5-Gbit/s transmission rate by using commercial vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers coupled to 62.5-microm core fibers. We consider the design constraints and the capabilities of custom optical modules suitable for mass production.
Role of Delocalized Electrons in Polyaniline−Nematogen Cyanobiphenyls Interaction (2004)

Applying an electric field across a nematic liquid crystal display changes the texture of the thin nematic film. When the field is switched off, the texture relaxes to the initial one within seconds. Experimental evidence that very fast relaxation times could appear in some particular cases is reported. A thin film of plasma polymerized aniline induces a stronger planar anchoring of cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals. This strong anchoring appears when, due to an asymmetric conduction of the liquid crystal cell, alternating voltages create a transient electrically charged layer at the polyaniline/liquid crystal interface. This layer favors an expansion of anchoring toward the bulk, thus lowering dramatically the relaxation time and increasing the contrast ratio.