gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mn(II)−Texaphyrin as a Catalyst for the Decomposition of Peroxynitrite (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMn(II)−Texaphyrin as a Catalyst for the Decomposition of PeroxynitriteRoman Shimanovich, Sharon Hannah, Vincent Lynch, Nikolay Gerasimchuk, Tarak D. Mody, Darren Magda, Jonathan Sessler, and John T. GrovesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey 08544 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 Pharmacyclics, Inc. 995 East Arques Avenue Sunnyvale, California 94085 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 15, 3613–3614Publication Date (Web):March 27, 2001Publication History Received6 December 2000Published online27 March 2001Published inissue 1 April 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja005856iCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (44 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (10)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Nitrogen,Organic reactions,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
A new method to determine the MOSFET effective channel width (1990)

A method of determining the effective channel width of a MOSFET device that is simple and accurate is discussed. While simple, this method takes the width-dependent series resistance of MOSFETs into account, which has not been done in previous methods. The results correlate well with SEM cross section measurements. In addition, the method is applicable to current scaled MOSFETs, requiring no measurements outside the normal operating range of the devices being characterized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modeling of Ion Channels (1999)

Modeling of biological ion channels has a long history, going back more then 100 yr ([Hille 1984][1]). In the old, premolecular biology era, interpretation of these simple models provided the primary source of information about channel structure. As molecular biology and, now, x-ray diffraction have
Therapeutic Benefits from Targeting of ADAM Family Members (2004)

Members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family of proteolytic enzymes are implicated in the processing of many single transmembrane-bound proteins ranging from cell surface receptors to growth factors and cytokines. Because of the biological significance of these processing events, a recurring theme in studying ADAM biology is that they are involved in physiological processes that can go awry and lead to disease states. This review provides a comprehensive look at ADAM family members and their role in pathology and provides a pathway for determining whether an enzyme is a physiological convertase for a given protein. In addition, ADAMs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets.
Enhancement of Recorded Respiratory Sound Using Signal Processing Techniques (2009)

Pulmonary auscultation has been the key method to detect and evaluate respiratory dysfunctions for many years. However, auscultation with a stethoscope is a subjective process that depends on the individual’s own hearing, experience, and ability to differentiate between different sounds (Sovijarvi et al, 2000). Therefore, the computerized method for recording and analysis of pulmonary auscultative signals, being an objective way, are recently playing a more and more important role in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary diseases. Noise interference is one of the most influential factors when dealing with respiratory sound recordings. By definition of (Rossi et al, 2000), any sound not directly induced by breathing is regarded as background noise (BN). BN is divided into two types: environmental noise, which consists of continuous noise and transient noise, and nonrespiratory sounds and body sounds (muscle contraction sounds, skin friction, and heart sounds). The adaptive filtering is usually used to reduce the background noise. However, the problem of existing proposed filtering methods are either not able to minimize the interference or provides distortion which is especially undesirable for biomedical signals (Donoho, 1992).
APC-derived cytokines and T cell polarization in autoimmune inflammation (2007)

T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis are driven by autoaggressive Th cells. The pathogenicity of such Th cells has, in the past, been considered to be dictated by their cytokine polarization profile. The polarization of such effector T cells relies critically upon the actions of cytokines secreted by APCs. While Th1 polarization has long been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, recent data obtained in gene-targeted mice and the discovery of Th17 cell involvement in autoimmunity conflict with this hypothesis. In light of these recent developments, we discuss in this review the actions of APC-derived cytokines and their emerging roles in T cell polarization in the context of autoimmune inflammatory responses.
Three Functional Transporters for Constitutive, Diurnally Regulated, and Starvation-Induced Uptake of Ammonium into Arabidopsis Roots (1999)

Ammonium and nitrate are the prevalent nitrogen sources for growth and development of higher plants. 15N-uptake studies demonstrated that ammonium is preferred up to 20-fold over nitrate by Arabidopsis plants. To study the regulation and complex kinetics of ammonium uptake, we isolated two new ammonium transporter (AMT) genes and showed that they functionally complemented an ammonium uptake-deficient yeast mutant. Uptake studies with 14C-methylammonium and inhibition by ammonium yielded distinct substrate affinities between </=0.5 and 40 microM. Correlation of gene expression with 15NH4+ uptake into plant roots showed that nitrogen supply and time of day differentially regulated the individual carriers. Transcript levels of AtAMT1;1, which possesses an affinity in the nanomolar range, steeply increased with ammonium uptake in roots when nitrogen nutrition became limiting, whereas those of AtAMT1;3 increased slightly, with AtAMT1;2 being more constitutively expressed. All three ammonium transporters showed diurnal variation in expression, but AtAMT1;3 transcript levels peaked with ammonium uptake at the end of the light period, suggesting that AtAMT1;3 provides a link between nitrogen assimilation and carbon provision in roots. Our results show that high-affinity ammonium uptake in roots is regulated in relation to the physiological status of the plant at the transcriptional level and by substrate affinities of individual members of the AMT1 gene family.
Novel single-layer vanadium sulphide phases (2018)

VS2 is a challenging material to prepare stoichiometrically in the bulk, and the single layer has not been successfully isolated before now. Here we report the first realization of single-layer VS2, which we have prepared epitaxially with high quality on Au(1 1 1) in the octahedral (1T) structure. We find that we can deplete the VS2 lattice of S by annealing in vacuum so as to create an entirely new 2D compound that has no bulk analogue. The transition is reversible upon annealing in an H2S gas atmosphere. We report the structural properties of both the stoichiometric and S-depleted compounds on the basis of low-energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
Novel Approach to Reduce Source/Drain Series Resistance in High Performance CMOS Devices Using Self-Aligned CoWP Process for 45nm Node UTSOI Transistors with 20nm Gate Length (2006)

This paper reports a novel, non-epitaxial raised source/drain approach to decrease the parasitic series resistance in nMOSFETs fabricated on UTSOI using a selective electroless metal deposition process. A metallic layer selectively deposited in the source/drain and gate nickel or cobalt silicide regions significantly reduces the parasitic external resistance in nMOSFETs with 10nm body thickness and gate lengths down to 20nm. This approach is fully compatible with a conventional CMOS process flow for both Co and Ni silicides and eliminates the added complexity of a conventional raised source/drain approach. The extremely high deposition selectivity of the process is confirmed through gate leakage measurements
Turnover of the Cell Wall of Gram-positive Bacteria (1971)

Abstract Previous observations (Mauck, J., and Glaser, L., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 39, 699 (1970)) on the turnover of the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis W-23 during logarithmic growth have been extended to show that (a) freshly synthesized wall does not become available for turnover for about one-half to one generation; (b) the turnover rates of the cell wall mucopeptide and cell wall teichoic acid are identical; (c) the products of cell wall turnover can be isolated from the growth medium and are the products of cell wall cleavage by an N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase. Cell wall turnover has also been observed in Bacillus megaterium strain KM in logarithmic growth phase. Preliminary studies with inhibitors suggest that turnover is dependent on new cell wall deposition. The implications of these observations for the mechanism of cell wall growth are discussed.
Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus mutants altered in type 5 capsule production (1991)

Most clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus produce microcapsules (uronic acid-containing extracellular polysaccharides) that are detectable by serologic methods but are not visible by negative staining. Among the 11 reported serotypes, capsule types 5 and 8 comprise approximately 75% of all isolates. Transposon mutagenesis was performed on S. aureus to create mutants altered in capsule expression. Tn918 was introduced into the capsule type 5 strain Reynolds by filter mating, and a capsule-deficient transconjugate, JL236, was isolated. The wild-type strain was transformed with JL236 chromosomal DNA to confirm that transfer of the appropriate-size chromosomal fragment containing Tn918 generated a capsule-deficient transformant. Strain Reynolds was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate to obtain a capsule-negative mutant (strain JL240). Capsular phenotypes were determined by colony immunoblots, antibody adsorption experiments, and transmission electron microscopy. The virulences of the parental and mutant strains in mice were compared. The 50% lethal doses for strains Reynolds, JL236, and JL240 were similar (10(8.59), 10(8.98), and 10(8.93) CFU, respectively). Animals injected intraperitoneally with either wild-type or mutant strains had comparable levels of bacteremia at 3 and 24 h after challenge. Quantitative cultures of blood and kidneys from animals challenged intravenously with sublethal doses of the S. aureus strains also showed no differences in bacterial clearance or renal abscess formation. These studies indicate that the type 5 S. aureus microcapsule does not promote bacterial virulence in the animal models tested.
Factor XIIIa as a nerve‐associated transglutaminase (1998)

Recent findings have led to changes in the traditional concept of nerve recovery, including the realization that injured nerves, like any other injured tissue, need the assistance of blood-derived cells and factors in order to heal. We show that factor XIIIa (FXIIIa, the potentially active a2subunit of factor XIII), an enzyme that participates in blood coagulation by stabilizing the fibrin clot, is also active in the nervous system where it may play a key role in the healing of injured tissue. We demonstrate that the plasma, macrophages and nerves of fish contain a 55 kDa form of transglutaminase that cross-reacts immunologically with the a-subunit of FXIII in mammals (80 kDa). The fish enzyme in the plasma, unlike its mammalian counterpart, is active, pointing to a difference in control of the coagulation pathway in the two species. Analysis of FXIIIa expression in mammalian neural tissues and their response to injury revealed high levels of the enzyme in media conditioned by peripheral nerves as compared with medium conditioned by nerves of the central nervous system. Furthermore, similarity was observed in the postinjury behavior of FXIIIa in regenerating nerve tissues (peripheral nervous system of mammals and the central nervous system of fish). We suggest that the postinjury level of factor XIIIa in the nervous system may be related to the tissue's regenerative capacity, and that FXIIIa may therefore be a link underlying a possible association between the processes of blood coagulation and nerve healing.
The Well-Being Assessment for Productivity (2011)

This initial psychometric evidence suggests that the WBA-P and its subscales are valid measures of presenteeism that capture actionable well-being-related performance barriers.
Activation of RegIIIβ/γ and interferon γ expression in the intestinal tract of SCID mice: an innate response to bacterial colonisation of the gut (2005)

Thus bacterial colonisation of the colon independently activates two distinct innate immune cell types at the mucosal interface with the colonic lumen, intestinal epithelial cells, and IENK cells, a response that may be regulated by the adaptive immune system. These innate immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of colitis in SCID adoptive transfer models in mice and possibly in patients with IBD.
Single-pulse interference caused by temporal reflection at moving refractive-index boundaries (2017)

We show numerically and analytically that temporal reflections from a moving refractive-index boundary act as an analog of Lloyd’s mirror, allowing a single pulse to produce interference fringes in time as it propagates inside a dispersive medium. This interference can be viewed as the pulse interfering with a virtual pulse that is identical to the first, except for a π-phase shift. Furthermore, if a second moving refractive-index boundary is added to create the analog of an optical waveguide, a single pulse can be self-imaged or made to produce two or more pulses by adjusting the propagation length in a process similar to the Talbot effect.
Well-Defined Insoluble Primers for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligo- and Polynucleotides (1978)

Two methods are described by which primer molecules like UpU and oligodeoxythymidylates can be coupled with high efficiency to an insoluble polymer, like hydroxypropylated Sephadex G-50, by one covalent linkage. In one procedure aliphatic dicarboxylic dichlorides (e.g. adipoyl dichloride) are used to serve as spacers of variable length and for anchoring the primer molecule UpU. The other method involves pU as an anchor for (pdT)3 and (pdT)6, which are coupled to the polymer using condensation reactions with 2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonyl chloride. In both cases the homogeneous primer molecules are bound specifically to the polymer. The insoluble primers are tested for their priming efficiency using polynucleotide nucleotidyltransferase from Micrococcus luteus and DNA nucleotidylexotransferase from calf thymus. The primers and synthesized polynucleotides can be cleaved from the polymer under conditions which are not damaging to ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides.
Protection of pancreatic β-cells by exendin-4 may involve the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress; in vivo and in vitro studies (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of exendin-4, a potent glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist, on the protection of the pancreatic beta-cells against their cell death. In in vivo experiments, we used beta-cell-specific calmodulin-overexpressing mice where massive apoptosis takes place in their beta-cells, and we examined the effects of chronic treatment with exendin-4. Chronic and s.c. administration of exendin-4 reduced hyperglycemia. The treatment caused significant increases of the insulin contents of the pancreas and islets, and retained the insulin-positive area. Dispersed transgenic islet cells lived only shortly, and several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related molecules such as immunoglobulin-binding protein (Bip), inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha, X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, activating transcription factor-4, and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) were more expressed in the transgenic islets. We also found that the spliced form of XBP-1, a marker of ER stress, was also increased in beta-cell-specific calmodulin-overexpressing transgenic islets. In the quantitative real-time PCR analyses, the expression levels of Bip and CHOP were reduced in the islets from the transgenic mice treated with exendin-4. These findings suggest that excess of ER stress occurs in the transgenic beta-cells, and the suppression of ER stress and resultant protection against cell death may be involved in the anti-diabetic effects of exendin-4.
Single-Cell Microarray for Analyzing Cellular Response (2005)

Detection of cellular response by measuring intracellular calcium, (Ca2+)i with Ca2+-dependent fluorescent dye are standard approaches to detect ligand-stimulated cells and to study signaling through ligand/receptor interaction. We describe a single-cell microarray system to analyze cellular response of individual cells such as lymphocytes using microchamber array chips. The single-cell microarray chip is made from polystyrene with over 30,000 microchambers, which can accommodate only single cells. Lymphocytes derived from mouse spleen or human blood were spread on the microarray, and over 80% of the microchambers achieved single-cell status. Stimulation of B-cells through antigen receptors on the microarray allowed us to detect activated B-cells by comparing the states of single B-cells before and after stimulation with antigen, which is disabled for flow cytometry. In addition, this novel method demonstrated retrieval of positive single B-cells from microchambers by a micromanipulator and achieved antibody DNA analysis. The system is suitable for high-throughput analysis of intracellular Ca2+ response at the single-cell level and is applicable to screen antigen-specific lymphocytes for making specific monoclonal antibody.
Comparison of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC MOSFET I-V characteristics simulated with Silvaco Atlas and Crosslight Apsys (2007)

A set of physical models describing silicon carbide with fitting parameters is proposed. The theoretical I-V output and transfer characteristics and parameters of MOS transistors were calculated using Silvaco Atlas and Crosslight Apsys semiconductor device simulation environments
Chromatin Remodeling of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF50 Promoter Correlates with Reactivation from Latency (2003)

The switch from latent to lytic infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is initiated by the immediate early transcriptional activator protein Rta/open reading frame 50 (ORF50). We examined the transcriptional regulation of the ORF50 core promoter in response to lytic cycle stimulation. We show that the ORF50 promoter is highly responsive to sodium butyrate (NaB) and trichostatin A (TSA), two chemicals known to inhibit histone deacetylases. The NaB and TSA responsive element was mapped to a 70-bp minimal promoter containing an essential GC box that binds Sp1/Sp3 in vitro and in vivo. Micrococcal nuclease mapping studies revealed that a nucleosome is positioned over the transcriptional initiation and the Sp1/3 binding sites. Stimulation with NaB or TSA increased histone acetylation and restriction enzyme accessibility of the ORF50 promoter transcription initiation site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to demonstrate that the ORF50 promoter is associated with several different histone deacetylase proteins (including HDAC1, 5, and 7) in latently infected cells. NaB treatment led to the rapid association of Ini1/Snf5, a component of the Swi/Snf family of chromatin remodeling proteins, with the ORF50 promoter. Ectopic expression of the CREB-binding protein (CBP) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulated plasmid-based ORF50 transcription in a HAT-dependent manner, suggesting that CBP recruitment to the ORF50 promoter can be an initiating event for transcription and viral reactivation. Together, these results suggest that remodeling of a stably positioned nucleosome at the transcriptional initiation site of ORF50 is a regulatory step in the transition from latent to lytic infection.
Significance of recombinant proteins encoded by different fragments of hepatitis C virus (HCV) gene for detection of anti-HCV antibodies (2004)

Objective To study the immunoreactivity of the recombinant proteins encoded by different fragments of HCV gene and explore the significance of the proteins in detection for anti-HCV antibodies.Methods Four HCV recombinant proteins encoded by C,NS3,NS4 and NS5 region respectively were applied for ELISA detection of anti-HCV antibodies.Ninety serum samples which were known to be anti-HCV-positive were tested with each of the four antigens or the mixed proteins.One hundred specimens collected from healthy undergraduates and 39 samples from an anti-HCV-negative reference panel were tested with the mixed antigens.Results Seventy-five out of the 90 known anti-HCV-positive specimens were immunoreactive to one or more of the 4 HCV recombinant antigens.The positive rates of anti-C,anti-NS3,anti-NS4 and anti-NS5 were 70.0%,61.1%,52.2% and 44.4%,respectively.Eight serum samples only reacted with C antigen.One samples only reacted with NS3 antigen.Two only reacted with NS4 antigen.One only reacted with NS5 antigen.However,all the 75 specimens (83.3%) were immunoreactive to the mixed antigens.All the specimens obtained from undergraduates and the anti-HCV-negative panel did not show any reactivity to the mixed antigens.Conclusion There is different immunoreactivity of the HCV recombinant antigens encoded by different gene fragments.The mixture of all the antigens derived from HCV different regions should be applied in further HCV diagnostic test to detect anti-HCV antibodies.
Boosting antibody therapy with complement (2012)

In this issue of Blood, Elvington et al present a method to enhance complement activation during antibody therapy of cancer. Using a fusion protein of a complement receptor and an IgG Fc fragment, therapeutic outcome was improved in vivo.
An automated full-chip micro-piv setup for measuring microchannel acoustophoresis:: Simultaneous determination of forces from acoustic radiation and acoustic streaming (2011)

We present a novel μm-resolution particle-image velocimetry setup capable of automated full-chip measurements of microchannel acoustophoresis. Our system allows for fast collection of a sufficient amount of data enabling reliable determination of the influence from the forces from acoustic radiation and acoustic streaming acting simultaneously on microbead suspensions in a microfluidic system. From a series of acoustophoretic focusing experiments on 5 μm, 3 μm, and 2 μm polystyrene (PS) microbead suspensions, we quantify the particle velocity induced by the acoustic radiation force and show that it scales with the expected microbead radius to the power two.