gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of hypusine depletion in cytostasis induced by S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase inhibition: new evidence provided by 1-methylspermidine and 1,12-dimethylspermine (1994)

The abilities of the natural polyamines, spermidine and spermine, and of the synthetic analogues, 1-methylspermidine and 1,12-dimethylspermine, to reverse the effects of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase inhibitor 5'-([(Z)-4-aminobut-2-enyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine (AbeAdo) on L1210-cell growth were studied. L1210 cells were exposed to AbeAdo for 12 days to induce cytostasis and then exposed to spermidine, spermine, 1-methylspermidine or 1,12-dimethylspermine in the continued presence of AbeAdo. AbeAdo-induced cytostasis was overcome by the natural polyamines, spermidine and spermine. The cytostasis was also reversed by 1-methylspermidine. 1,12-Dimethylspermine had no effect on the AbeAdo-induced cytostasis of chronically treated cells, although it was active in permitting growth of cells treated with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine. The initial 12-day exposure to AbeAdo elevated intracellular putrescine levels, depleted intracellular spermidine and spermine, and resulted in the accumulation of unmodified eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A). Exposure of these cells to exogenous spermidine, which is the natural substrate for deoxyhypusine synthase, resulted in a decrease in the unmodified eIF-5A content. 1-Methylspermidine, which was found to be a substrate of deoxyhypusine synthase in vitro, also decreased the levels of unmodified eIF-5A in the AbeAdo-treated cells. Although spermine is not a substrate of deoxyhypusine synthase, spermine was converted into spermidine in the L1210 cells, and spermine addition to AbeAdo-treated cells resulted in the appearance of both intracellular spermine and spermidine and in the decrease in unmodified eIF-5A. Exogenous 1,12-dimethylspermine, which was not metabolized to spermine or to 1-methylspermidine and was not a substrate of deoxyhypusine synthase in vitro, did not decrease levels of unmodified eIF-5A. The finding that AbeAdo-induced cytostasis was only reversed by polyamines and polyamine analogues that result in the formation of hypusine or an analogue in eIF-5A is consistent with the hypothesis [Byers, Wiest, Wechter and Pegg (1993) Biochem. J. 290, 115-121] that AbeAdo-induced cytostasis is due to the depletion of the hypusine-containing form of eIF-5A, which is secondary to the depletion of spermidine by inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase.
The N-terminal coiled-coil domain of beta is essential for gamma association: a model for G-protein beta gamma subunit interaction. (1993)

We have identified the N terminus of the beta subunit as an essential domain for G-protein beta gamma assembly. A C-terminal fragment, beta 1-(130-340), fails to bind gamma unless coexpressed with the complementary N-terminal fragment, beta 1-(1-129). Deletion of the N-terminal 33 residues of beta 1, a region identified by computer algorithm to favor coiled-coil formation, abolishes gamma 2 association. On the basis of these findings, we propose a coiled-coil model of beta gamma interaction and refine this by computer-assisted molecular modeling. The model is tested by further mutagenesis: reversing the charge of residues in beta 1 that are hypothesized to be involved in interhelical salt bridges precludes gamma association. Insertions in the coiled-coil region, which disrupt the proposed hydrophobic interface, prevent gamma association. This structural basis for beta gamma dimerization provides a starting point for the design of beta and gamma mutants that can be used to map regions in beta gamma critical for interactions with the alpha subunit, receptors, and effectors.
Multiple shRNA expressing vector enhances efficiency of gene silencing (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific gene silencing. However, RNAi efficiency still needs to be improved for effective inhibition of target genes. We have developed an effective strategy to express multiple shRNAs (small hairpin RNA) simultaneously using multiple RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) promoters in a single vector. Our data demonstrate that multiple shRNAs expressed from Pol III promoters have a synergistic effect in repressing the target gene. Silencing of endogenous cyclophilin A (CypA) or key HIV viral genes by multiple shRNAs results in significant inhibition of the target gene.
Learning from facial aging patterns for automatic age estimation (2006)

Age Specific Human-Computer Interaction (ASHCI) has vast potential applications in daily life. However, automatic age estimation technique is still underdeveloped. One of the main reasons is that the aging effects on human faces present several unique characteristics which make age estimation a challenging task that requires non-standard classification approaches. According to the speciality of the facial aging effects, this paper proposes the AGES (AGing pattErn Subspace) method for automatic age estimation. The basic idea is to model the aging pattern, which is defined as a sequence of personal aging face images, by learning a representative subspace. The proper aging pattern for an unseen face image is then determined by the projection in the subspace that can best reconstruct the face image, while the position of the face image in that aging pattern will indicate its age. The AGES method has shown encouraging performance in the comparative experiments either as an age estimator or as an age range estimator.
Non-sporing anaerobes in certain surgical group of patients. (1995)

The magnitude of non-sparing anaerobic (NSA) infections has been defined in the postoperative wounds on colorectum in children (57.1%), general surgery (0%), abdominoperineal and uterocervical operations (11-45%) in gynaecologic and obstetrical cases and perforative peritonitis (25.8-32.3%). Children below the 6 months age group bear less risk of acquiring NSA infection. Under certain situations, metronidazole combats NSA infections in a better way than other antibacterials. The bacteriology of NSA infections has been probed at the species level in the gynaecologic and obstetrical patients. The species of normal cervix (44.6%) are represented in wounds involving abdominal wall (11%), perineum (22.8%) and uterocervix (45.6%) to suggest endogenous infection. Out of the 22 species of NSA isolated, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Acidaminococcus fermentans and Peptococcus prevotii are the commonest. Others were Peptococcus niger, Gaffkya anaerobia, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Actinomyces bovis, Bacteroides oralis, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and the different species of peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium and fusobacterium. The weight of evidence indicated a pathogenic role of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, in view of their heavy growth. The umbrella of antibacterials reduced Gram-positive anaerobic cocci from 40% to 16%. The facultative anaerobes Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Kl pneumoniae and proteus appeared as the exogenous agents of nosocomial infections.
Cognate interactions between helper T cells and B cells. IV. Requirements for the expression of effector phase activity by helper T cells. (1990)

Abstract After activation with anti-CD3, activated Th (THCD3), but not resting Th, fixed with paraformaldehyde induce B cell RNA synthesis when co-cultured with resting B cells. This activity is expressed by Th of both Th1 and Th2 subtypes, as well as a third Th clone that is not classified into either subtype. It is proposed that anti-CD3 activation of Th results in the expression of Th membrane proteins that trigger B cell cycle entry. Kinetic studies reveal that 4 to 8 h of activation with anti-CD3 is sufficient for ThCD3 to express B cell-activating function. However, activation of Th with anti-CD3 for extended periods of time results in reduced Th effector activity. Inhibition of Th RNA synthesis during the anti-CD3 activation period ablates the ability of ThCD3 to induce B cell cycle entry. This indicates that de novo synthesis of proteins is required for ThCD3 to express effector function. The ability of fixed ThCD3 to induce entry of B cell into cycle is not due to an increase in expression of CD3, CD4, LFA-1, ICAM-1, class I MHC or Thy-1. Other forms of Th activation (PMA and A23187, Con A) also induced Th effector function. Furthermore, purified plasma membranes from anti-CD3 activated, but not resting Th, induced resting B cells to enter cycle. The addition of IL-4, but not IL-2, IL-5, or IFN-gamma amplified the DNA synthetic response of B cells stimulated with PM from activated Th. Taken together these data indicate that de novo expression of Th surface proteins on activated Th is required for Th to induce B cell cycle entry into G1 and the addition of IL-4 is required for the heightened progression into S phase.
Freestanding waveguides in silicon (2007)

Using a direct-write process for the production of three dimensional microstructures on a semiconductor, freestanding waveguides have been realized in silicon. The waveguides are produced by a focused beam of high energy protons that is scanned over a silicon substrate. The latent image of the scan is subsequently developed by electrochemical etching. Herein the authors report on the fabrication method as well as determining the propagation loss of these structures. Propagation loss values of 13.4 and 14.6dB∕cm were obtained for these preliminary structures for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, respectively.
A Phase I Study of Recombinant Interferon-α Administered as a Seven-Day Continuous Venous Infusion at Circadian-Rhythm Modulated Rate in Patients with Cancer (1995)

A Phase I trial of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) administered at circadian-rhythm modulated rate was carried out to evaluate maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity in patients with advanced malignancies. Recombinant IFN-alpha-2b was administered as a 7-day continuous venous infusion with maximum delivery between 6 p.m. and 3 a.m. Entry dose levels were 0.2, 2 and 4 MU/m2/day. The dose was escalated by an amount equal to the starting dose until a maximum of 6 entry dose levels was achieved, with a 1-week rest between each cycle. The maximal daily dose of IFN-alpha administered was 24 MU/m2/day. A programmable-in-time ambulatory pump was used, so that all patients could receive their treatment at home. Eighteen patients were entered in the study and 16 were evaluable for toxicity. Toxicity was mild to moderate except for two patients who developed WHO grade III toxicity. No significant decline in performance status was associated with treatment. Two objective responses were observed in patients with previously treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma. As compared to standard s.c./i.m. administration or continuous nonchronomodulated i.v. infusion of IFN-alpha, this circadian schedule has allowed to deliver high doses of drug with acceptable toxicity.
Prediction of the developmental potential of hamster embryos in vitro by precise timing of the third cell cycle (1995)

Time-lapse videomicrography was used to determine the timing of early developmental events in hamster embryos in vitro. The time intervals from pronuclear envelope breakdown to the completion of the first cleavage (Dt2), second cleavage (Dt4 = 2-4 cells), third cleavage (Dt8 = 4-8 cells), blastocyst formation, and zona escape were precisely measured to determine whether the variable 'time' (t) can be used to predict the developmental potential of preimplantation embryos. The range of the developmental time interval (Dt) from the second to the third cleavage divisions (Dt8) provided the best indicator for predicting the probabilities of blastocyst formation and zona escape (P = 0.015 and 0.041, respectively). Dt8 was subdivided into consecutive time cutoff points of < or = 750, < or = 800, < or = 850 and < or = 900 min. Of the embryos that took < or = 750 min to complete the third cleavage division, 92% developed into blastocysts and 69% escaped from their zonae pellucidae. When the completion of Dt8 extended to < or = 900 min, the percentages decreased to 75% and 49% for blastocyst formation and zona escape, respectively. This study identifies a specific developmental time interval and a model whereby time can be used as a noninvasive parameter to predict embryo developmental potential in vitro.
GATA-4 and GATA-5 Transcription Factor Genes and Potential Downstream Antitumor Target Genes Are Epigenetically Silenced in Colorectal and Gastric Cancer (2003)

The GATA family of transcription factors participates in gastrointestinal (GI) development. Increases in GATA-4 and -5 expression occur in differentiation and GATA-6 expression in proliferation in embryonic and adult settings. We now show that in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer promoter hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing are frequent for GATA-4 and -5 but are never seen for GATA-6. Potential antitumor target genes upregulated by GATA-4 and -5, the trefoil factors, inhibinalpha, and disabled-2 (Dab2) are also silenced, in GI cancers, with associated methylation of the promoters. Drug or genetically induced demethylation simultaneously leads to expression, in CRC cells, of all of the GATA-4, -5, and downstream genes. Expression of exogenous GATA-5 overrides methylation at the downstream promoters to activate the target genes. Selection for silencing of both upstream transcription factors and their target genes in GI cancers could indicate that epigenetic silencing of the involved genes provides a summated contribution to tumor progression.
Identification and Characterization of Bahia Grande, Reed Ranch and Muir Springs Viruses, Related Members of the Family Rhabdoviridae with Widespread Distribution in the United States (1986)

Sixteen virus isolates with similar biological characteristics were obtained from salt-marsh mosquitoes collected in south Texas in 1974. When compared antigenically, these and 13 other isolates from mosquitoes collected between 1972 and 1979 in west Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Colorado and North Dakota were shown to be related but not identical. Three distinct serotypes were determined: Bahia Grande (prototype strain TB4-1054), Reed Ranch (TB4-222) and Muir Springs (76V-23524). When examined by electron microscopy, these three viruses were shown to be rhabdoviruses. Structural analysis of the prototype strain of Bahia Grande virus from Texas revealed five proteins. Comparative oligonucleotide fingerprint maps showed 51 to 86% sharing of the large oligonucleotides between Bahia Grande virus (strain TB4-1054) and 11 other antigenically related isolates but not with Muir Springs virus (strain 76V-23524), an antigenically distinct isolate from mosquitoes collected in Colorado. A serological survey for antibody to Bahia Grande virus showed that humans, cattle, sheep, reptiles and wild mammals from south Texas had neutralizing antibodies to this virus.
Review (1995)

In the last decade a considerable amount of research has been dedicated to studying the process of angiogenesis. In the field of tumor biology angiogenesis is a relevant subject of investigation as well, since newly formed blood vessels are required for the growth of tumors and provide an exit route for metastasizing tumor cells. In this review we discuss some aspects of tumor angiogenesis with emphasis on the role that growth factors bFGF and VPF play in this process. A number of biochemical characteristics and biological properties of the two factors and their receptors are reviewed, and the expression of bFGF and VPF in both normal tissues and in tumors is discussed. Finally, we speculate on the use of bFGF and VPF expression as a diagnostic parameter and on possible clinical applications.
Pyridine coenzyme analogs. 3. Synthesis of three NAD+ analogs containing a 2'-deoxy-2'-substituted nicotinamide arabinofuranosyl moiety (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridine coenzyme analogs. 3. Synthesis of three NAD+ analogs containing a 2'-deoxy-2'-substituted nicotinamide arabinofuranosyl moietyPaul R. Sleath, Anthony L. Handlon, and Norman J. OppenheimerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 11, 3608–3613Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00011a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00011a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views942Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors transduce murine alveolar and nasal epithelia and can be readministered (2006)

Airway-directed gene transfer has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of the two genetic diseases of the lung, namely cystic fibrosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Herein we describe the transduction efficiency of a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, AAV2/9, across murine nasal and lung airway epithelia. At the peak of gene expression AAV2/9-mediated human alpha-1-antitrypsin gene expression in serum was approximately 60-fold better than that of AAV2/5. We found that AAV2/9-mediated nLacZ gene transfer in nasal and lung airways was relatively stable for 9 months, suggesting that a progenitor airway cell population was transduced. Most interestingly, we show that AAV2/9 can be readministered in the presence of high levels of serum-circulating neutralizing antibodies as early as 1 month after initial exposure, with minimal effect on overall reporter gene expression, rendering it a promising gene transfer vector candidate for use in humans.
Caudalization of neural fate by tissue recombination and bFGF (1995)

In order to study anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus embryos, we have developed a novel assay using explants and tissue recombinants of early neural plate. We show, by using region-specific neural markers and lineage tracing, that posterior axial tissue induces midbrain and hindbrain fates from prospective forebrain. The growth factor bFGF mimics the effect of the posterior dorsal explant in that it (i) induces forebrain to express hindbrain markers, (ii) induces prospective hindbrain explants to make spinal cord, but not forebrain and midbrain, and (iii) induces posterior neural fate in ectodermal explants neuralized by the dominant negative activin receptor and follistatin without mesoderm induction. The competence of forebrain explants to respond to both posterior axial explants and bFGF is lost by neural groove stages. These findings demonstrate that posterior neural fate can be derived from anterior neural tissue, and identify a novel activity for the growth factor bFGF in neural patterning. Our observations suggest that full anteroposterior neural patterning may be achieved by caudalization of prospective anterior neural fate in the vertebrate embryo.
Double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study of high-dose tirilazad mesylate in women with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Part II. A cooperative study in North America (1999)

High-dose tirilazad mesylate is well tolerated in women with aneurysmal SAH. Sequential analysis revealed a significant reduction in mortality rates among patients with neurological Grades IV and V, favoring the study drug and confirming the same effect observed in male patients in previous large studies. No beneficial effect was observed in patients who were in a good neurological grade at admission.
Clustered defects in IC fabrication: Impact on process control charts (1991)

In IC fabrication, standard process control charts for defects often sound many false alarms, i.e. the chart incorrectly indicates that the process is out of control. It is pointed out that when non-Poisson behavior is encountered in defect data, it is necessary to determine whether this is due to an out-of-control manufacturing process or a manufacturing or data collection procedure that yields clustered defect counts. A procedure that includes the outlier removal method to discriminate between clustered defect data and a process that is out of control is proposed, and its application to two sets of real-world data is shown. One is an example from IC manufacturing where true clustering exists, and the other is a manufacturing example where persistent out-of-control conditions give the appearance of clustering. Simulation results indicate that the procedure works well within reasonable boundaries. A method for constructing defect control charts for processes that yield clustered defects is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiscale Categorical Object Recognition Using Contour Fragments (2008)

Psychophysical studies [9], [17] show that we can recognize objects using fragments of outline contour alone. This paper proposes a new automatic visual recognition system based only on local contour features, capable of localizing objects in space and scale. The system first builds a class-specific codebook of local fragments of contour using a novel formulation of chamfer matching. These local fragments allow recognition that is robust to within-class variation, pose changes, and articulation. Boosting combines these fragments into a cascaded sliding-window classifier, and mean shift is used to select strong responses as a final set of detections. We show how learning can be performed iteratively on both training and test sets to boot-strap an improved classifier. We compare with other methods based on contour and local descriptors in our detailed evaluation over 17 challenging categories, and obtain highly competitive results. The results confirm that contour is indeed a powerful cue for multi-scale and multi-class visual object recognition.