gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous fast focusing in a trapezoidal void channel based on bidirectional isotachophoresis in a wide pH range (2015)

This study concentrates on development of instrumentation for focusing and separation of analytes in continuous flow. It is based on bidirectional ITP working in wide pH range with separation space of closed void channel of trapezoidal shape and continuous supply of sample. The novel instrumentation is working with electrolyte system formulated previously and on the contrary to devices currently available, it allows preparative separation and concentration of cationic, anionic, and amphoteric analytes simultaneously and in wide pH range. The formation of sharp edges at zone boundaries as well as low conductivity zones are avoided in suggested system and thus, local overheating is eliminated allowing for high current densities at initial stages of focusing. This results in high focusing speed and reduction of analysis time, which is particularly advantageous for separations performed in continuous flow systems. The closed void channel is designed to avoid basic obstacles related to liquid leakage, bubbles formation, contacts with electrodes, channel height and complicated assembling. The performance of designed instrumentation and focusing dynamics were tested by using colored low molecular mass pH indicators for local pH determination, focusing pattern, and completion. In addition, feasibility and separation efficiency were demonstrated by focusing of cytochrome C and myoglobin. The collection of fractions at instrument output allows for subsequent analysis and identification of sample components that are concentrated and conveniently in form of solution for further processing. Since the instrumentation operates with commercially available simple defined buffers and compounds without need of carrier ampholytes background, it is economically favorable.
p21ras is modified by a farnesyl isoprenoid. (1989)

Association of oncogenic ras proteins with cellular membranes appears to be a crucial step in transformation, ras is synthesized as a cytosolic precursor, which is processed to a mature form that localizes to the plasma membrane. This processing involves, in part, a conserved sequence, Cys-Ali-Ali-Xaa (in which Ali is an amino acid with an aliphatic side chain and Xaa is any amino acid), at the COOH terminus of ras proteins. Yeast a-factor mating hormone precursor also possesses a COOH-terminal Cys-Ali-Ali-Xaa sequence. However, while the COOH-terminal cysteine has been implicated as a site of palmitoylation of ras proteins, in mature a-type mating factor this residue is modified by an isoprenoid, a farnesyl moiety. We asked whether the Cys-Ali-Ali-Xaa sequence signaled different modifications for the yeast peptides (farnesylation) than for ras proteins (palmitoylation) or whether ras proteins were similar to the mating factors and contained a previously undiscovered isoprenoid. We report here that the processing of ras proteins involves addition of a farnesyl moiety, apparently at the COOH-terminal cysteine analogous to the cysteine modified in the yeast peptides, and that farnesylation may be important for membrane association and transforming activity of ras proteins.
Avidity Maturation following Immunization with Two Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Vaccines: A Live Attenuated Vaccine (Towne) and a Recombinant Glycoprotein Vaccine (gB/MF59) (2003)

Two human cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccines have been previously evaluated for their immunogenicity: a recombinant gB/MF59 vaccine and an attenuated strain of CMV (Towne). In healthy adults, we measured the antibody avidity maturation indices that occurred after vaccination with each. For Towne, administered as a single dose, the rise in IgG antibody avidity to CMV glycoprotein gB occurred slowly and continued for 24 months post-immunization. For gB/MF59, administered as two priming doses and a booster dose given at 6 months, the booster rapidly induced IgG antibodies to gB whose avidity was maximal at 7 months after the initial priming dose. Both vaccines induced antibody levels and avidity maturation indices that equaled those induced by wild-type virus suggesting that both vaccines may be effective in controlling CMV infections.
The Two Hats of SOS (2002)

Son of sevenless (SOS) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Ras in response to growth factor stimulation. SOS also appears to serve as a guanine nucleotide exchanger for Rac and, thus, may be involved in cytoskeleton reorganization. Nimnual and Bar-Sagi discuss how these two activities of SOS can be regulated and how SOS may be recruited to different cellular locations through interactions with the adaptor proteins Grb2 and E3b1.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes: an overview. (2008)

Although HBV genotyping is not yet recommended for routine use in treating HBV infection, available data suggest that, as in hepatitis C virus infection, HBV genotyping is also likely to become a routine investigation for HBV treatment, perhaps in the not too distant future.
Immune response of T cells during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection (2017)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic member of the alphaherpes virus family, is among the most prevalent and successful human pathogens. HSV-1 can cause serious diseases at every stage of life including fatal disseminated disease in newborns, cold sores, eye disease, and fatal encephalitis in adults. HSV-1 infection can trigger rapid immune responses, and efficient inhibition and clearance of HSV-1 infection rely on both the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host. Multiple strategies have been used to restrict host innate immune responses by HSV-1 to facilitate its infection in host cells. The adaptive immunity of the host plays an important role in inhibiting HSV-1 infections. The activation and regulation of T cells are the important aspects of the adaptive immunity. They play a crucial role in host-mediated immunity and are important for clearing HSV-1. In this review, we examine the findings on T cell immune responses during HSV-1 infection, which hold promise in the design of new vaccine candidates for HSV-1.
The transition from longitudinal to perpendicular recording (2007)

After more than 30 years of research, hard disk drives using perpendicular recording are finally commercially available. This review is a follow-up of a review written in 1999 and addresses the basic physics of perpendicular recording with special emphasis on the read and the write process and the magnetic aspects of the recording media. The paper also surveys various technical difficulties which prevented an earlier implementation of perpendicular recording. The paper closes with a short overview of alternative technologies that allow even higher storage densities.
Injectable Alginate Seeded with Chondrocytes as a Potential Treatment for Vesicoureteral Reflux (1993)

Injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) or collagen has been used in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Although the principle of an endoscopic treatment is valid, there are concerns regarding the long-term safety and effectiveness of these substances. The goal of several investigators has been to find alternate implant materials that would be safe for human use. Toward this goal we conducted a study to determine the effect of chondrocytes using a biodegradable polymer solution as a template. Hyaline cartilage was obtained from the articular surfaces of calf shoulders and chondrocytes were harvested. Chondrocyte suspensions were concentrated to 20, 30 and 40 x 10(6) cells per cc and mixed with dry alginate powder (a biodegradable polymer) to form a gel. Twelve athymic mice were injected subcutaneously with a chondrocyte-alginate solution. Each mouse had 4 injection sites, consisting of control, 10, 15 and 20 x 10(6) chondrocyte cells (48 injection sites). Mice were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks after injection. Histological examination of the injection sites demonstrated evidence of cartilage formation in 34 of the 36 experimental injection sites. Gross examination of the injection sites with increasing time showed that the polymer gels were progressively replaced by cartilage. The ultimate size of the cartilage formed was related to the initial chondrocyte concentration injected, and appeared to be uniform and stable within each category. There was no evidence of cartilage formation in the 12 controls. Histological analyses of distant organs showed no evidence of cartilage or alginate gel migration, or granuloma formation. In conclusion, chondrocyte-alginate gel suspensions are injectable, appear to be nonmigratory and are able to conserve their volume. In addition, the use of autologous cartilage cells would preclude an immunological reaction. These preliminary studies indicate that autologous cartilage-polymer gel solutions may be potentially useful in the endoscopic treatment of reflux.
Surface Modification by Compositionally Modulated Multilayered Zn‐Fe Alloy Coatings (2008)

Abstract Compositionally modulated multilayered alloy (CMMA) coatings of Zn‐Fe were developed from acid chloride baths by single bath technique. The production and properties of CMMA Zn‐Fe coatings were tailored as a function of switching cathode current densities (SCCD's) and thickness of individual layers. Corrosion rates (CR) were measured by electrochemical methods. Corrosion resistances were found to vary with SCCD's and the number of sub layers in the deposit. SCCD's were optimized for production of Zn‐Fe CMMA electroplates showing peak performance against corrosion. The formation of discrete Zn‐Fe alloy layers having different compositions in the deposits were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Improvements in the corrosion resistance of multilayered alloys are due to the inherent barrier properties of CMMA coatings as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Corrosion resistance afforded by Zn‐Fe CMMA coatings are explained in terms of the n‐type semiconductor films at the interface, supported by Mott‐Schottky's plot. It was observed that the alloy with high w (Fe) on the top showed better corrosion resistance compared to that with the less w (Fe) on top. At optimum SCCD's of 3.0–5.5 A·dm −2 , a Zn‐Fe CMMA coatings with 600 sub layers showed ca . 45 times better corrosion resistance than conventional Zn‐Fe alloy of the same thickness. The deposit showed no red rust even up to 1130 h in salt spray test.
Reduction of Ferricyanide by Methylene Blue at a DNA-Modified Rotating-Disk Electrode (2003)

The electrocatalytic reduction of ferricyanide mediated by methylene blue (MB) at a DNA-modified electrode was investigated by linear-sweep voltammetry at a rotating-gold-disk electrode (RDE). Electrodes were modified with thiol-terminated double-stranded oligonucleotides (sequence: 5‘-SH-AGTACAGTCATCCGC-3‘) to form densely packed DNA films that blocked the electrochemical reduction of millimolar solutions of ferricyanide at overpotentials greater than 0.5 V. Addition of micromolar concentrations of MB to these solutions, however, resulted in the rapid appearance of catalytic currents as long as the potential was held negative of the formal potential of MB within the DNA film (−0.30 V vs SCE). MB binds reversibly to these DNA-modified surfaces, and the adsorption kinetics of MB were determined by a coulometric assay. These data fit a simple Langmuir model with k1 (adsorption) = 7.5(6) × 105 M-1 s-1 and k-1 (desorption) = 0.043(8) s-1. Interestingly, linear-sweep RDE voltammograms recorded in the presence of MB revealed “peaked”-shaped i−V traces, which took several seconds to reach their steady-state values. Moreover, the steady-state current density for reduction of Fe(CN)63- was found to depend on the bulk concentration of MB in solution. A model is proposed to account for these data in which Fe(CN)63- turnover is limited ultimately by the kinetics of MB crossing into and out of the film, and the chemical reaction between Fe(CN)63- and reduced MB occurs at the film/solution interface.
In Vivo Gene Transfer of the O 2 -Sensitive Potassium Channel Kv1.5 Reduces Pulmonary Hypertension and Restores Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Chronically Hypoxic Rats (2003)

Kv1.5 is an important O2-sensitive channel and potential therapeutic target in PHT. Kv1.5 gene therapy restores HPV and improves PHT. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of K+ channel gene therapy for a vascular disease.
Toward the Ideal Organic Light-Emitting Diode. The Versatility and Utility of Interfacial Tailoring by Cross-Linked Siloxane Interlayers (2005)

Small molecule and polymer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) show promise of revolutionizing display technologies. Hence, these devices and the materials that render them functional are the focus of intense scientific and technological interest. The archetypical multilayer OLED heterostructure introduces numerous chemical and physical challenges to the development of efficient and robust devices. It is demonstrated here that robust, pinhole-free, conformal, adherent films with covalently interlinked structures are readily formed via self-assembling or spin-coating organosilane-functionalized molecular precursors at the anode-hole transport layer interface. In this manner, molecularly "engineered" hole transport and hydrocarbon anode functionalization layers can be introduced with thicknesses tunable from the angstrom to nanometer scale. These investigations unequivocally show that charge injection and continuity at the anode-hole transport layer interface, hence OLED durability and efficiency, can be substantially enhanced by these tailored layers.
D-JNKI1, a Cell-Penetrating c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor, Protects Against Cell Death in Severe Cerebral Ischemia (2004)

JNK inhibition prevents cell death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in hippocampal slice cultures in vitro and by permanent suture MCAo in vivo. D-JNKI1 is a powerful neuroprotectant in models of both mild and severe cerebral ischemia, with an extended therapeutic window. Further investigations are needed to identify the relevant JNK target(s) mediating ischemic neuronal death.
El mito de Antígona en la obra de Jean Anouilh (2018)

En el presente articulo se analiza la figura de Antigona desde una perspectiva intertextual, lo que nos lleva a contemplar el mito de Antigona no solo en la obra de Sofocles, sino en la de Jean Anouilh, en la que no apreciamos, salvo las logicas variantes, un cambio notable en los personajes ni en su estructura.
Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses (1995)

Since the second messenger role was proposed for the products of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the biochemical mechanism of the intracellular signaling network. It is now becoming evident that stimulation of a cell surface receptor initiates a degradation cascade of various membrane lipid constituents. Many of their metabolites have potential to induce, intensify, and prolong the activation of protein kinase C that is needed for sustained cellular responses.
Pharmacokinetics and Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of Timolol Preparations in Rabbit Eyes (1996)

Two timolol preparations, a gel and an eyedrop with a thickening agent, and one commercial eyedrop without a thickening agent, were studied in rabbits. After topical administration of these three preparations in rabbits, aqueous humor was withdrawn and the proteins removed from the samples by precipitation with acetonitrile. Timolol concentrations were determined directly by an HPLC method. The HPLC mobile phase was composed of methanol and 5 mM d-camphorsulfonic acid (in 1% acetic acid) with a ratio of 49:51 (v/v). A reversed phase C18 column was used to separate samples with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and a UV detector set at 284 nm. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to fit the aqueous humor level for determining the drainage (kd) and absorption rate constants (ka) in the precorneal area as well as the elimination rate constant (ke) of timolol in aqueous humor. For ka +kd, the eyedrop without a thickening agent had the highest value (0.160 min-1), followed by the eyedrop with a thickening agent (0.030 min-1), and the gel had the lowest value (0.009 min-1). It suggests that the gel has a longer retention time in eyes to improve ocular bioavailability and decrease side effects. The AUC0 approximately infinity for the aqueous humor profile with time coordinates were 4142, 2974, and 1604 micrograms min/mL, for the gel, the eyedrop with a thickening agent, and the eyedrop without a thickening agent, respectively. In another study, timolol preparations were also topically administered in alpha-chymotrypsin-induced glaucoma rabbits for determining the lowering effect on intraocular pressure (IOP). The durations of depressing IOP for the gel, the eyedrop with a thickening agent, and the eyedrop without a thickening agent were 24, 14 and 10 hrs, respectively. Thus, the gel preparation has a longer duration and a higher ocular bioavailability which might be further developed in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
Development of web portals concerning spatial information (2003)

Abstract: Nowadays almost all companies, public authorities or other institutions have developed some kind of web-application to present their information to dedicated end users. The different implementations range from simple static HTML pages to dynamically information generated for each request at runtime. A lot of applications additionally need to integrate spatial data. As these kind of information are somehow different from other data, the integration, administration and presentation is not as easy as in traditional web applications. This paper gives an overview how we handle spatial information in the MobiHarz project 1. As this architecture completely consists of free software, parts of the system can easily be adopted to other spatial applications on the web. Especially public authorities shall be encouraged by this article to use freely available software in spatial information systems. 1
Effect of Gastrointestinal Protein Adsorption on the In Vitro Release of AZT from Ethylcellulose Microspheres (1998)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of gastrointestinal proteins on the in vitro release of zidovudine (AZT) from ethylcellulose microspheres, and to investigate protein adsorption as a possible mechanism that mediates this effect. AZT release from ethylcellulose microspheres was tested in the presence of different gastrointestinal proteins, both dietary (casein and albumin) and endogenous (pepsin, pancreatin, and mucin) in simulated gastric fluid and/or simulated intestinal fluid. The resulting release profiles were compared with those produced in the corresponding release media without the presence of proteins. Protein adsorption on AZT-loaded ethylcellulose microspheres was studied for the five proteins under investigation. The amounts of adsorbed proteins were determined by fluorescent spectrometry after the protein solution was reacted with fluoraldehyde reagent. All of the investigated proteins were found to slow the release of AZT from ethylcellulose microspheres. At gastric pH, ovalbumin and casein had the maximum effect on AZT release. Mucin exerted a more pronounced effect at gastric pH compared with that at intestinal pH. The negative effect of pancreatin on AZT release increased when its concentration was increased. The five proteins were found to adsorb on AZT-loaded ethylcellulose microspheres with varying quantities. The observed protein adsorption is believed to cause blockage of the small pores and channels in the microsphere structure, and consequently slow the release of AZT.
Directed evolution of protein switches and their application to the creation of ligand-binding proteins (2005)

We describe an iterative approach for creating protein switches involving the in vitro recombination of two nonhomologous genes. We demonstrate this approach by recombining the genes coding for TEM1 beta-lactamase (BLA) and the Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP) to create a family of MBP-BLA hybrids in which maltose is a positive or negative effector of beta-lactam hydrolysis. Some of these MBP-BLA switches were effectively "on-off" in nature, with maltose altering catalytic activity by as much as 600-fold. The ability of these switches to confer an effector-dependent growth/no growth phenotype to E. coli cells was exploited to rapidly identify, from a library of 4 x 10(6) variants, MBP-BLA switch variants that respond to sucrose as the effector. The transplantation of these mutations into wild-type MBP converted MBP into a "sucrose-binding protein," illustrating the switches potential as a tool to rapidly identify ligand-binding proteins.
Isotope effects in molecular mechanics (MM2). Calculations deuterium compounds (1983)

Abstract Parameters have been derived so as to enable the inclusion of deuterium in the MM2 molecular mechanics force field. Several compounds were studied and the results are compared with experiment. The results are never qualitatively wrong, but the accuracy ranges from excellent to only fair. They are quite good for hydrocarbons, but less so for ketones.
Molecular classification of breast cancer patients by gene expression profiling* (2001)

For many tumors, pathological subclasses exist which have to be further defined by genetic markers to improve therapy and follow-up strategies. In this study, cDNA array analyses of breast cancers have been performed to classify tumors into categories based on expression patterns. Comparing purified normal ductal epithelial cells and corresponding tumour tissues, the expression of only a small fraction of genes was found to be significantly changed. A subset of genes repeatedly found to be differentially expressed in breast cancers was subsequently employed to perform a classification of 82 normal and malignant breast specimens by cluster analysis. This analysis identifies a subgroup of transcriptionally related tumours, designated class A, which can be further subdivided into A1 and A2. Correlation with classical clinicopathological parameters revealed that subgroup A1 was characterized by a high number of node-positive tumours (14 of 16). In this subgroup there was a disproportionate number of patients who had already developed distant metastases at the time of diagnosis (25% in this subgroup, compared with 5% among the rest of the samples). Taken together, the use of these differentially expressed marker genes in conjunction with sample clustering algorithms provides a novel molecular classification of breast cancer specimens, which facilitates the identification of patients with a higher risk of recurrence.