gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sialylation and malignant potential in tumour cell glycosylation mutants (1994)

Somatic mutations and drugs that either reduce beta 1-6GlcNAc-branching of N-linked oligosaccharides or block the addition of terminal sequences containing galactose and sialic acid have been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. In an attempt to further define the oligosaccharide sequences that contribute to the malignant phenotype, we have selected spontaneous wheat germ agglutinin-resistant (WGAR) mutants from highly metastatic murine lymphoid tumour cells and characterized four mutant phenotypes. Mutants were selected from VM4, a clone of the MDAY-D2 tumour cell line which had been transfected with the bacterial beta-galactosidase gene (LacZ). VM4 cells retained the malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2 and the cells expressed LacZ, which facilitated the counting of metastases as the tumour cells stained blue when incubated with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal). The most frequently isolated mutant was defective in the transport of UDP-Gal into the Golgi, and as previously observed for this mutation, the cells were non-metastatic and produced very slow-growing solid tumours. Mutants expressing CMP-SA hydroxylase, and consequently glycoconjugates with N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuNGc), remained highly metastatic, but grew more slowly than VM4 cells as s.c. tumours in mice. A novel WGAR mutant showing a large increase in Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc:alpha 2-6 sialyltransferase (SA-T) mRNA levels (ST6N) and enzyme activity was observed to be less metastatic and also grew more slowly at the s.c. site of inoculation. Finally, a fourth phenotypic class of WGAR mutants showed a complex phenotype including expression of a beta Gal-binding cell surface lectin and reduced sialylation of glycoconjugates. These results suggest that changes in either the amount, the type or linkage of sialic acid in tumour cell glycoconjugates can affect tumour growth and metastasis.
Thiol-click chemistry: a multifaceted toolbox for small molecule and polymer synthesis (2010)

The merits of thiol-click chemistry and its potential for making new forays into chemical synthesis and materials applications are described. Since thiols react to high yields under benign conditions with a vast range of chemical species, their utility extends to a large number of applications in the chemical, biological, physical, materials and engineering fields. This critical review provides insight into emerging venues for application as well as new mechanistic understanding of this exceptional chemistry in its many forms (81 references).
Tolerance and Pharmacology of Ciprostene, a Stable Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin) Analogue in Humans (1986)

Safety, tolerance, and pharmacology of 9-beta-methylcarbacyclin calcium (ciprostene calcium) was investigated in healthy male volunteers. This stable prostacyclin analogue was infused intravenously into groups of 12, 11, and three volunteers for three, six, and eight hours, respectively, in doses up to 480 ng/kg/min. Based on the tolerance data obtained, a single-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Seven subjects were infused for 8 hr/d for three days with ciprostene at a maximum dose of 160 ng/kg/min and seven subjects received placebo. One subject from each group did not complete the infusion schedule, and they were not included in the final analysis. During infusion of ciprostene, consistent changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not occur. Most frequent adverse drug reactions consisted of headache, restlessness, nausea, perspiration, flushing, and jaw pain. As compared with placebo, ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited during the infusion period (P = .048). Significant (P = .04) elevations of platelet cyclic AMP were observed in subjects during infusion of ciprostene. Pre- versus postinfusion routine laboratory evaluations, fibrinogen concentration, antiplasmin activity, and plasminogen and template bleeding times remained unchanged. Placebo- and drug-treated subjects had a daily postinfusion shortening of euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT). The preinfusion minus postinfusion ECLT for ciprostene subjects on days 2 and 3 (133 and 118 min, respectively) compared with placebo (239 and 217 min) suggest a trend to increased fibrinolytic activity. Based on the outcome of this trial, it is estimated that ciprostene is about 15 times less potent than prostacyclin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Galectin-3 Is a Novel Substrate for Human Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (1994)

The primary structure of galectin-3, a approximately 30 kDa galactoside-binding protein (aka CBP-35, mL-34, hL-31, L-29, Mac-2, and epsilon BP), reveals two structural domains: an amino-terminal domain consists of a Pro-Gly-rich motif, and a globular carboxyl-terminal domain containing a carbohydrate-binding site. In this study, we report that the amino-terminal domain of galectin-3 contains a cleavage site for two members of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes: the 72 kDa (gelatinase A, MMP-2) and the 92 kDa (gelatinase B, MMP-9) proteinases. The major cleavage site for the gelatinases in galectin-3 is at the Ala62-Tyr63 bond, and its hydrolysis by these enzymes was inhibited by TIMP-2. Cell-surface expression of galectin-3 was reduced following treatment of viable T47D human breast carcinoma cells with gelatinase A. These results suggest that galectin-3 may be a substrate for gelatinases and that its degradation may play a role in modulating the biological activities of galectin-3.
A novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-8 in sepsis* (2011)

Matrix metalloproteinase-8 is a novel modulator of inflammation during sepsis and a potential therapeutic target.
Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins in Women with Metastatic Breast Carcinoma (1971)

Pretreatment values of circulating lipids and lipoproteins and their fatty acid composition were characterized in post-menopausal women with progressive metastatic breast cancer. Circulating free fatty acids averaged 1½ times the mean value in healthy post-menopausal women. Levels of plasma total cholesterol and beta- +pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol were 14% less in women with breast cancer. Levels of triglycerides and phospholipids were similar in both groups. There was a relative increase in alpha-lipoprotein in cancer patients. Fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids and alpha- and beta- +pre-beta-lipoprotein triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters were similar to those of healthy women in women with breast cancer. Lipid alterations could not be correlated significantly with menopausal age, dominant metastatic lesion or outcome of treatment. Chronic adipokinesis may be attributable to abnormal metabolic regulation by a variety of hormones, related in some way to the activity of the breast carcinoma.
Comparison of Two Cancer Vaccines Targeting Tyrosinase: Plasmid DNA and Recombinant Alphavirus Replicon Particles (2005)

Alphavirus replicon particle vectors encoding the melanoma antigen tyrosinase (self or xenogeneic) induce immune responses and tumor protection when administered either alone or in the heterologous DNA prime/VRP boost approaches that are superior to the use of plasmid DNA alone.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of NPM1 mutations in 1485 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2006)

Mutations of the nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene have recently been described in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To clarify the prevalence as well as the clinical impact of this mutation, we investigated 1485 patients with AML for NPM1 exon 12 mutations using fragment analysis. A 4 bp insert was detected in 408 of 1485 patients (27.5%). Sequence analysis revealed known mutations (type A, B, and D) as well as 13 novel alterations in 229 analyzed cases. NPM1 mutations were most prevalent in patients with normal karyotype (NK) (324 of 709; 45.7%) compared with 58 of 686 with karyotype abnormalities (8.5%; P < .001) and were significantly associated with several clinical parameters (high bone marrow [BM] blasts, high white blood cell [WBC] and platelet counts, female sex). NPM1 alterations were associated with FLT3-ITD mutations, even if restricted to patients with NK (NPM1-mut/FLT3-ITD: 43.8%; versus NPM1-wt/FLT3-ITD: 19.9%; P < .001). The analysis of the clinical impact in 4 groups (NPM1 and FLT3-ITD single mutants, double mutants, and wild-type [wt] for both) revealed that patients having only an NPM1 mutation had a significantly better overall and disease-free survival and a lower cumulative incidence of relapse. In conclusion, NPM1 mutations represent a common genetic abnormality in adult AML. If not associated with FLT3-ITD mutations, mutant NPM1 appears to identify patients with improved response toward treatment.
A Novel Fluoride Ion Mediated Olefination of Electron-Deficient Aryl Ketones by Alkanesulfonyl Halides (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Fluoride Ion Mediated Olefination of Electron-Deficient Aryl Ketones by Alkanesulfonyl HalidesBassam S. Nader, Jody A. Cordova, Karen E. Reese, and Cynthia L. PowellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2898–2901Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00089a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1488Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of the leukocyte early activation antigen CD69 is regulated by the transcription factor AP-1 (1997)

The leukocyte Ag CD69, one of the earliest cell surface activation Ags, is up-regulated at the transcriptional level by proinflammatory stimuli involving the NF-kappaB/Rel family of transcription factors. However, promoter fragments lacking a critical kappaB motif respond to other stimuli such as phorbol esters and triggering Abs against TCR/CD3. Since the 5' promoter flanking region of the CD69 gene contains several putative binding sequences for transcription factor activating protein-1 (AP-1), we explored its role in the inducible expression of CD69. Stimuli that induce AP-1, but not NF-kappaB, such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, augmented the cell surface expression of CD69 as well as its mRNA levels, and the promoter activity of the CD69 gene. This up-regulation is accompanied by an increased binding of jun and fos family members to a consensus AP-1 binding site of the proximal (-16) CD69 promoter region, which seems to be functionally responsive to different activation signals and is trans activated by c-jun expression vectors. Furthermore, cotransfection of a dominant negative version of c-jun, but not IkappaB, abolished the inducible transcriptional activity of the CD69 promoter. In conclusion, the inducible expression of the CD69 gene by mitogenic signals is regulated by the transcription factor AP-1.
Relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia involving selection of a preexisting drug-resistant subclone (2007)

Relapse following remission induction chemotherapy remains a barrier to survival in approximately 20% of children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To investigate the mechanism of relapse, 27 matched diagnosis and relapse ALL samples were analyzed for clonal populations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of multiple antigen receptor gene rearrangements. These clonal markers revealed the emergence of apparently new populations at relapse in 13 patients. More sensitive clone-specific PCR revealed that, in 8 cases, these "relapse clones" were present at diagnosis and a significant relationship existed between presence of the relapse clone at diagnosis and time to first relapse (P < .007). Furthermore, in cases where the relapse clone could be quantified, time to first relapse was dependent on the amount of the relapse clone at diagnosis (r = -0.84; P = .018). This observation, together with demonstrated differential chemosensitivity between subclones at diagnosis, argues against therapy-induced acquired resistance as the mechanism of relapse in the informative patients. Instead these data indicate that relapse in ALL patients may commonly involve selection of a minor intrinsically resistant subclone that is undetectable by routine PCR-based methods. Relapse prediction may be improved with strategies to detect minor potentially resistant subclones early during treatment, hence allowing intensification of therapy.
Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography (2006)

We demonstrate a new technique for frequency-swept laser operation--Fourier domain mode locking (FDML)--and its application for swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. FDML is analogous to active laser mode locking for short pulse generation, except that the spectrum rather than the amplitude of the light field is modulated. High-speed, narrowband optical frequency sweeps are generated with a repetition period equal to the fundamental or a harmonic of cavity round-trip time. An FDML laser is constructed using a long fiber ring cavity, a semiconductor optical amplifier, and a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. Effective sweep rates of up to 290 kHz are demonstrated with a 105 nm tuning range at 1300 nm center wavelength. The average output power is 3mW directly from the laser and 20 mW after post-amplification. Using the FDML laser for swept-source OCT, sensitivities of 108 dB are achieved and dynamic linewidths are narrow enough to enable imaging over a 7 mm depth with only a 7.5 dB decrease in sensitivity. We demonstrate swept-source OCT imaging with acquisition rates of up to 232,000 axial scans per second. This corresponds to 906 frames/second with 256 transverse pixel images, and 3.5 volumes/second with a 256x128x256 voxel element 3-DOCT data set. The FDML laser is ideal for swept-source OCT imaging, thus enabling high imaging speeds and large imaging depths.
The surface protease PgtE of Salmonella enterica affects complement activity by proteolytically cleaving C3b, C4b and C5 (2007)

Complement activity in mammalian serum is fundamentally based on three homologous components C3b, C4b and C5. During systemic infection, the gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica disseminates within host phagocytic cells but also extracellularly. Consequently, systemic Salmonella transiently confronts the complement system. We show here that the surface protease PgtE of S. enterica proteolytically cleaves C3b, C4b and C5 and that the expression of PgtE enhances bacterial resistance to human serum. Degradation of C3b was further enhanced by PgtE-mediated plasminogen activation.
Surfactants: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry (2001)

Book Review| December 01, 2001 Surfactants: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry JENNIFER D. SHOSA JENNIFER D. SHOSA 1Department of Geology Colby College Waterville, ME 04901 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar PALAIOS (2001) 16 (6): 615. https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0615:BRSFAA>2.0.CO;2 Article history first online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation JENNIFER D. SHOSA; Surfactants: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry. PALAIOS 2001;; 16 (6): 615. doi: https://doi.org/10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0615:BRSFAA>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyPALAIOS Search Advanced Search Laurier L. Schramm (Editor), 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 621 p. (Hardcover $140.00) ISBN: 0-521-64067-9. For the past thirty years surfactants have played an increasingly important role in enhanced recovery of petroleum from reservoirs; but, it is not only secondary recovery efforts that benefit from an understanding of interfacial phenomena. Appreciation of the role interfacial forces play in multiphase fluid flow is also fundamental in the evaluation of primary and secondary migration of petroleum in sedimentary basins, and in the determination of the efficiency of seals. A better grasp of the physics of interfacial tension, therefore, enhances our ability to... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Totally relaxed GexSi1−x layers with low threading dislocation densities grown on Si substrates (1991)

We have grown compositionally graded GexSi1−x layers on Si at 900 °C with both molecular beam epitaxy and rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition techniques. Triple-crystal x-ray diffraction reveals that for 0.10&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.53, the layers are totally relaxed. GexSi1−x cap layers grown on these graded layers are threading-dislocation-free when examined with conventional plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Electron beam induced current images were used to count the low threading dislocation densities, which were 4×105±5×104 cm−2 and 3×106±2×106 cm−2 Eq. 2×106 cm−2 for x=0.23 and x=0.50, respectively. Photoluminescence spectra from the cap layers are identical to photoluminescence from bulk GexSi1−x.
Dc Electroplating Of Sub-Micron Gold Patterns On X-Ray Masks (1984)

Current Bell Laboratories X-ray mask absorber pattern transfer technology consists of sputter-etching a 6000 - 7000A thick gold metallization using a 800A thin tantalum etch mask, resulting in features with a 70° wall slope. Since X-ray absorption is exponential with thickness, the resist under the sloped portion of the abosorber will receive various degrees of exposure. Therefore, as X-ray lithography approaches sub-micron dimensions, gold absorber walls must be made vertical in order to provide better resolution and linewidth control. We describe a method for obtaining vertical wall sub-micron gold patterns on X-ray masks by DC gold electroplating into a reactive ion etched trilevel stencil over a 200A gold plating base. A commercial gold sulphite solution is used in a fountain system to gold plate into the trilevel stencil. Gold features as small as 1000A wide and 1pm high have been obtained. The minimum gold feature size appears to be limited by stencil formation. Electroplated gold film stress, microstructure and thickness uniformity are within the prescribed limits for the manufacture of X-ray masks.
A pathologist's perspective on bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: I. performing a bone marrow examination (2004)

The bone marrow aspirate and biopsy is an important medical procedure for the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies and other diseases, and for the follow-up evaluation of patients undergoing chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and other forms of medical therapy. During the procedure, liquid bone marrow is aspirated from the posterior iliac crest or sternum with a special needle, smeared on glass microscope slides by one of several techniques, and stained by the Wright-Giemsa or other techniques for micro-scopic examination. The bone marrow core biopsy is obtained from the posterior iliac crest with a Jamshidi or similar needle and processed in the same manner as other surgical specimens. Flow cytometric examination, cytochemical stains, cytogenetic and molecular analysis, and other diagnostic procedures can be performed on bone marrow aspirate material, while sections prepared from the bone marrow biopsy can be stained by the immunoperoxidase or other techniques. The bone marrow procedure can be performed with a minimum of discomfort to the patient if adequate local anesthesia is utilized. Pain, bleeding, and infection are rare complications of the bone marrow procedure performed at the posterior iliac crest, while death from cardiac tamponade has rarely occurred from the sternal bone marrow aspiration. The recent development of bone marrow biopsy needles with specially sharpened cutting edges and core-securing devices has reduced the discomfort of the procedure and improved the quality of the specimens obtained.
Preliminary study of amniotic membrane in the treatment of lower lip mucosal burn (2009)

PURPOSE:To investigate the possibility using amniotic membrane for treatment of lower lip mucosal burn. METHODS:A patient with extensive oral mucosa membrane burn was treated,14 days after injury,the lower lip escharectomy was performed to resect the necrotic tissues,then amniotic membrane was utilized to cover the wound. RESULTS:1 day after escharectomy,a dry amniotic membrane was formed over the wound.At 5-day,the amniotic membrane was detached,and the wound was shrunk.CONCLUSION:Amniotic membrane can be used in the treatment of lower lip mucosal burn as a coverage.
Designing of ‘intelligent’ liposomes for efficient delivery of drugs (2002)

The liposome- vesicles made by a double phospholipid layers which may encapsulate aqueous solutions- have been introduced as drug delivery vehicles due to their structural flexibility in size, composition and bilayer fluidity as well as their ability to incorporate a large variety of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. With time the liposome formulations have been perfected so as to serve certain purposes and this lead to the design of "intelligent" liposomes which can stand specifically induced modifications of the bilayers or can be surfaced with different ligands that guide them to the specific target sites. We present here a brief overview of the current strategies in the design of liposomes as drug delivery carriers and the medical applications of liposomes in humans.
Bone marrow-derived cells as progenitors of lung alveolar epithelium (2001)

We assessed the capacity of plastic-adherent cultured bone marrow cells to serve as precursors of differentiated parenchymal cells of the lung. By intravenously delivering lacZ-labeled cells into wild-type recipient mice after bleomycin-induced lung injury, we detected marrow-derived cells engrafted in recipient lung parenchyma as cells with the morphological and molecular phenotype of type I pneumocytes of the alveolar epithelium. At no time after marrow cell injection, did we detect any engraftment as type II pneumocytes. In addition, we found that cultured and fresh aspirates of bone marrow cells can express the type I pneumocyte markers, T1alpha and aquaporin-5. These observations challenge the current belief that adult alveolar type I epithelial cells invariably arise from local precursor cells and raise the possibility of using injected marrow-derived cells for therapy of lung diseases characterized by extensive alveolar damage.