gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Anabolic Effect of Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment-(1-34) in the Bone of Growing Rats by Variations in the Dosage Regimen (1993)

1. The influence of the time of the day of the administration of synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment-(1-34) [hPTH-(1-34)] on its anabolic effect in bone was investigated in 23 60-day-old female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to the groups vehicle control morning, hPTH-(1-34)-treated morning, vehicle control afternoon and hPTH-(1-34)-treated afternoon, and once daily received a subcutaneous injection of 8 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight for 11 days. The increase in net intestinal calcium absorption and the increase in calcium balance were not influenced by the time of day of hPTH-(1-34) treatment. Four days after cessation of treatment, the net intestinal calcium absorption and calcium balance in hPTH-(1-34)-treated rats were not different from those of the control rats. 2. Modulation of the anabolic effect by variation of the hPTH-(1-34) dosage regimen was investigated in 43 60-day-old female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to the groups vehicle control, environmental control, 8 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight every 3 days for 24 days, 8 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight every 2 days for 16 days, 8 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight every day for 8 days, 4 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight twice a day for 8 days and 2.7 micrograms of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight three times a day for 8 days. In all cases, the total dose of hPTH-(1-34) received was 64 micrograms/100 g body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Superconducting cyclotron for medical application (1989)

A medical superconducting cyclotron, the first such project to be undertaken, is under construction. The cyclotron will be used to produce neutron beams for use in radiation treatment of cancer. The purpose of such treatment is to administer lethal doses of radiation to tumor cells while minimizing dose to normal tissue; rather intense neutron beams are required for the treatments to occur in a reasonably expeditious time and the device needs to be able to fire the neutrons at the patient from any angle. The authors briefly review the medical rationale for such a device and then describe the cyclotron design with special emphasis on details of the superconducting coil and cryostat.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Localized Release of Perivascular Heparin Inhibits Intimal Proliferation after Endothelial Injury without Systemic Anticoagulation (1989)

Segmental endothelial desquamation of the common carotid artery was produced in 30 rats using a balloon catheter technique which produces consistent proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells from 5 to 20 days after injury. Immediately after endothelial injury, 15 animals were treated with periadventitial application of heparin contained in a continuous-release drug-delivery system using the polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA alone applied in a similar fashion to 15 control rats. Animals were killed at 5, 10 and 20 days, respectively, after surgery by intracardiac perfusion-fixation, and vessels were prepared for light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against actin. At all time periods, there was a significant reduction in intimal crosssectional area in heparin/PVA-treated vessels compared to control vessels. Scanning electron microscopy showed complete absence of endothelial cells from the luminal surface in both control and treated arteries at all time periods without evidence of significant platelet aggregation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive actin in the proliferating myointimal cells. Femoral venous prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were unchanged in heparin/PVA-treated animals compared to controls at 1, 5, and 10 days. Continuous-release polymer drug delivery can be used to apply heparin selectively to the adventitial surface of vessels and effect changes in the vessel wall over periods of up to 3 weeks. By this means, smooth muscle proliferation and subsequent vessel narrowing after endothelial injury were inhibited without systemic anticoagulation. This technique may be applicable to both clinical and research applications related to the pathophysiology of arterial injury. (Neurosurgery 25:892-898, 1989)
HLA-G as a Tolerogenic Molecule in Transplantation and Pregnancy (2014)

HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule. In allogeneic situations such as pregnancy or allograft transplantation, the expression of HLA-G has been related to a better acceptance of the fetus or the allograft. Thus, it seems that HLA-G is crucially involved in mechanisms shaping an allogeneic immune response into tolerance. In this contribution we focus on (i) how HLA-G is involved in transplantation and human reproduction, (ii) how HLA-G is regulated by genetic and microenvironmental factors, and (iii) how HLA-G can offer novel perspectives with respect to therapy.
Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature using a single fiber Bragg grating written in an erbium:ytterbium-doped fiber (2003)

Summary form only given. Discrimination of strain and temperature effects in fiber grating Bragg wavelength shift is a significant topic of recent research on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In this paper, we present a simple sensor capable of simultaneous measurement of both strain and temperature using a single FBG written in Er/sup 3+/:Yb/sup 3+/ doped fiber (EYDF). We observed that the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power of the EYDF amplifier (EYDFA) has monotonically decreasing dependency on temperature in our range of measurement.
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil-Derived Ectosomes Interfere with the Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (2008)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are a key component of the innate immune system. Their activation leads to the release of potent antimicrobial agents through degranulation. Simultaneously, PMNs release cell surface-derived microvesicles, so-called ectosomes (PMN-Ect). PMN-Ect are rightside-out vesicles with a diameter of 50-200 nm. They expose phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of their membrane and down-modulate monocyte/macrophage-activation in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PMN-Ect on maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Intriguingly, exposing immature MoDCs to PMN-Ect modified their morphology, reduced their phagocytic activity, and increased the release of TGF-beta1. When immature MoDCs were incubated with PMN-Ect and stimulated with the TLR4 ligand LPS, the maturation process was partially inhibited as evidenced by reduced expression of cell surface markers (CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DP DQ DR), inhibition of cytokine-release (IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha), and a reduced capacity to induce T cell proliferation. Together these data provide evidence that PMN-Ect have the ability to modify MoDC maturation and function. PMN-Ect may thus represent an as yet unidentified host-factor influencing MoDC maturation at the site of injury, thereby possibly impacting on downstream MoDC-dependent immunity.
Prototypic Force Feedback Instrument for Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (2008)

In recent years the success of the daVinci robotic surgery system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) has demonstrated the advantages of a telerobotic approach in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The worldwide need and acceptance of robotic assistance systems for minimally invasive surgery can be seen with more than 600 sold systems worldwide1. Still haptic feedback, important to surgeons who generally rely on the sense of touch in assessing tissue properties, is missing. This is due to the lack of suitable instruments capable of measuring the manipulation forces inside the human body on one hand and the lack of haptic displays for conveying this force information in a comprehensible way to the surgeon on the other hand. In this chapter we present a prototypic force feedback instrument as well as a surgeon workstation as part of a complete setup for minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS). The system serves as technology demonstrator showing the feasibility of integrating advanced manipulator technology, haptic feedback and (semi-) autonomous functionality in the context of MIRS. The system will be used to evaluate the impact and benefit of these technologies and hopefully help to improve the acceptance of advanced MIRS. A selection of surgical applications, notably suturing (anastomosis) of coronary vessels while following the motion of the beating heart (motion compensation), provide the requirements in terms of functionality and performance. In a first step, described in this chapter, components are built and the adherence to the required specifications is assured (objective performance measurement). In a future step the impact and benefit on the selected surgical tasks (subjective performance measurement) will be evaluated by defining relevant experiments and performance metrics. Over the course of the project emphasize is given to generic and modular concepts, as acceptance of MIRS technology will be improved by high usability and good integration into the clinical workflow. After a short introduction into MIS and MIRS (Section 1.1 and 1.2) the DLR scenario is introduced in Section 2 followed by a selection of related research in Section 3. Main focus lies on an instrument and a surgeon workstation providing haptic feedback, which are presented in Section 4, together with initial results. The chapter is concluded with a critical review of the contributions (Section 5) and closes with an outlook about future research (Section 6).
Fibrinogen-binding proteins of Gram-positive bacteria (2007)

Fibrinogen (Fg), the major clotting protein in blood plasma, plays key roles in blood coagulation and thrombosis. In addition, this 340 kD glycoprotein is a stress inducible protein; its synthesis is dramatically upregulated during inflammation or under exposure to stress such systemic infections. This regulation of Fg expression indicates that Fg also participates in the host defense system against infections. In fact, a number of reported studies have demonstrated the involvement of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation; the thrombotic and the fibrinolytic systems in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases. It is, therefore, perhaps not surprising that many pathogenic bacteria can interact with Fg and manipulate its biology. This review focuses on the major Fg-binding proteins (Fgbps) from Gram-positive bacteria with an emphasis on those that are known to have an effect on coagulation and thrombosis.
CD127 expression inversely correlates with FoxP3 and suppressive function of human CD4+ T reg cells (2006)

Regulatory T (T reg) cells are critical regulators of immune tolerance. Most T reg cells are defined based on expression of CD4, CD25, and the transcription factor, FoxP3. However, these markers have proven problematic for uniquely defining this specialized T cell subset in humans. We found that the IL-7 receptor (CD127) is down-regulated on a subset of CD4(+) T cells in peripheral blood. We demonstrate that the majority of these cells are FoxP3(+), including those that express low levels or no CD25. A combination of CD4, CD25, and CD127 resulted in a highly purified population of T reg cells accounting for significantly more cells that previously identified based on other cell surface markers. These cells were highly suppressive in functional suppressor assays. In fact, cells separated based solely on CD4 and CD127 expression were anergic and, although representing at least three times the number of cells (including both CD25(+)CD4(+) and CD25(-)CD4(+) T cell subsets), were as suppressive as the "classic" CD4(+)CD25(hi) T reg cell subset. Finally, we show that CD127 can be used to quantitate T reg cell subsets in individuals with type 1 diabetes supporting the use of CD127 as a biomarker for human T reg cells.
Analysis of Ig and T-cell receptor genes in 40 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias at diagnosis and subsequent relapse: implications for the detection of minimal residual disease by polymerase chain reaction analysis (1994)

The rearrangement patterns of Ig and T-cell receptor (TcR) genes were studied by Southern blot analysis in 30 precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) and 10 T-ALLs at diagnosis and subsequent relapse. Eight precursor B-ALLs appeared to contain biclonal/oligoclonal Ig heavy-chain (IgH) gene rearrangements at diagnosis. Differences in rearrangement patterns between diagnosis and relapse were found in 67% (20 cases) of precursor B-ALLs (including all eight biclonal/oligoclonal cases) and 50% (five cases) of T-ALLs. In precursor B-ALLs, especially changes in IgH and/or TcR-delta gene rearrangements were found (17 cases), but also changes in TcR-beta, TcR- gamma, Ig kappa, and/or Ig lambda genes (11 cases) occurred. The changes in T-ALLs concerned the TcR-beta, TcR-gamma, TcR-delta, and/or IgH genes. Two precursor B-ALLs showed completely different Ig and TcR gene rearrangement patterns at relapse, suggesting the absence of a clonal relation between the leukemic cells at diagnosis and relapse and the development of a secondary leukemia. The clonal evolution in the other 23 ALL patients was based on continuing rearrangement processes and selection of subclones. The development of changes in Ig and TcR gene rearrangement patterns was related to remission duration, suggesting an increasing chance of continuing rearrangement processes with time. These immunogenotypic changes at relapse occurred in a hierarchical order, with changes in IgH and TcR-delta genes occurring after only 6 months of remission duration, whereas changes in other Ig and TcR genes were generally detectable after 1 to 2 years of remission duration. The heterogeneity reported here in Ig and/or TcR gene rearrangement patterns at diagnosis and relapse might hamper polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) using junctional regions of rearranged Ig or TcR genes as PCR targets. However, our data also indicate that in 75% to 90% of ALLs, at least one major rearranged IgH, TcR-gamma, or TcR-delta band (allele) remained stable at relapse. We conclude that two or more junctional regions of different genes (IgH, TcR-gamma, and/or TcR-delta) should be monitored during follow-up of ALL patients for MRD detection by use of PCR techniques. Especially in biclonal/oligoclonal precursor B-ALL cases, the monitoring should not be restricted to rearranged IgH genes, but TcR-gamma and/or TcR-delta genes should be monitored as well, because of the extensive changes in IgH gene rearrangement patterns in this ALL subgroup.
A Study on the Application of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy as a Sensor (2005)

When the shape memory alloy(SMA) completely consists of austenite phase that shows the super-elastic property, if the external energies, such as stress, crack, propagation and lamination, etc. are increased in this alloy until the austenite phase was transformed into the martensite phase, they are enough to change the mean free path of electrons correlated with the electrical resistivity of materials in the microscopic point of view. On the basis of the above concept, we carried out the feasible study for SMA wire as a strain sensor using the super-elastic property of SMA. The SMA wires of diameter 41 ㎛ were utilized for a sensor material. The relationship between electrical resistivity and tensile properties of the Ni-Ti based SMA wires during tensile loading was investigated. Since the strain is very sensitive to the minute change of electrical resistance of SMA wire, it is possible to use the SMA wire as a sensor of such physical quantities. In the study, the possibility for the application of Ni-Ti SMA wire as a sensor was investigated. The sensing system was able to measure the strain up to 6 % with 0.22 % measuring error. The sensitivity described by the ratio of electrical resistivity showed 0.00005.
Novel embedded real-time NILM for electric loads disaggregating and diagnostic (2007)

Non-intrusive load monitoring was introduced when the sophisticated computing tools became popular. Now the embedded computing tools are common and their computing power is sufficient enough to build affordable tools applicable in energy efficiency, demand side management and preventive maintenance programs. A novel NILM prototype system is presented in this paper which is appropriate for both electric loads disaggregating and diagnostic. The relation between online NILM system hardware specifications with real time NILM algorithms are carefully examined and tabulated.
Values of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Blood and Urine of Japanese Young Men and Women Consuming a Semi-Purified Diet Based on the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2005)

We investigated the levels of water-soluble vitamins except for vitamin B6 in the blood and urine of Japanese college male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) students. They consumed for 7 d a semi-purified diet based on Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes to assess the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for water-soluble vitamins and to present some new normal values for blood and urine levels of water-soluble vitamins in Japanese. The blood and the 24-h urine samples were collected on the last day of the experiment and measured. The values of total vitamin B1 in whole blood, total vitamin B2 in whole blood, total cyanocobalamin in serum, total nicotinamide in whole blood, total pantothenic acid in whole blood, total folates in serum, total biotin in serum, and ascorbic acid in plasma were 104+/-17 pmol/mL (mean+/-SD), 216+/-25 pmol/mL, 0.34+/-0.05 pmol/mL, 59.1+/- 5.0 nmol/ mL, 2.45+/-0.37 nmol/mL, 15.6+/-4.6 pmol/mL, 8.3+/-0.5 pmol/mL, and 62+/-10 nmol/mL, respectively, in males, and 90+/-23, 234+/-18, 0.67+/-0.20, 61.9+/-6.0, 2.48+/-0.30, 30.2+/-8.6, 8.4+/-0.3, and 67+/-14, respectively, in females. There was a significant difference in the values of cyanocobalamin and total folates between men and women. The urinary excretion of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, cyanocobalamin, sum of the catabolic metabolites of nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folates, biotin, and ascorbic acid were 665+/-114 nmol/d, 562+/-325 nmol/d, 93+/-31 pmol/d, 84+/-26 micromol/d, 9.3+/-2.3 micromol/d, 19.4+/-2.8 nmol/d, 83+/-18 pmol/d, and 148+/-51 micromol/d, respectively, in males, and 495+/-212, 580+/-146, 145+/-49, 83+/-19, 16.9+/-1.3, 22.7+/-2.7, 83+/-23, and 140+/-51, respectively, in females. There was a significant difference in the urinary excretion of cyanocobalamin, pantothenic acid and total folates between men and women. These values will be useful for the nutritional assessment of water-soluble vitamins for Japanese, although the examination period was short. In future, an experiment with various age groups and re-evaluation by repeated experiments will provide more accurate values.
Reactive separation of CO<SUB align=right>2 using pressure pelletised limestone (2004)

Calcium oxide powder derived by the calcination of mesoporous calcium carbonate provides a higher conversion towards carbonation compared to calcium oxide derived from naturally occurring limestone and hydrated lime. Compaction of this high reactivity sorbent was investigated for its use in CO2 separation from flue gas. It was observed that compaction preserved the porosity of the powder. The pellets were able to attain 50–80% conversion towards carbonation over three cycles. The rate and extent of carbonation reaction reduces with increasing pellet thickness. The effect of compaction load and CO2 concentration did not show any appreciable difference in the rate of carbonation. Whereas the mesoporous calcium carbonate pellet showed appreciable drop in carbonation conversion, the pellets made from other precursors, such as natural limestone and hydrated lime, maintained a higher degree of reactivity over three cycles.
Human Serum Albumin Phenotype Activation in Mouse Hepatoma-Human Leukocyte Cell Hybrids (1974)

Murine hepatoma cells that secreted mouse serum albumin were fused with human leukocytes that did not produce albumin. The resulting hybrids secreted both mouse and human serum albumin, as demonstrated by immuno-electrophoretic techniques. The activation of the human genome suggests that mapping genes governing specialized functions in somatic cell hybrids may be accomplished by using adifferentiated human cells as a parental line.
Autoantibodies to CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) in Caucasian patients with diabetes: effects on insulin release from human islets. (1999)

The type II transmembrane glycoprotein CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) has been proposed as a mediator of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and as a candidate for autoimmune reactions in type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the presence of anti-CD38 autoantibodies in Caucasian patients with diabetes and investigated the effect of these antibodies on insulin secretion from isolated human pancreatic islets. The presence of anti-CD38 autoantibodies was evaluated by using Western blot analysis in 236 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 63 years), in 160 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 38 years), and in 159 nondiabetic subjects. Anti-CD38 autoantibody titers at least 3 SD above the mean value of the control group were found in 9.7% of type 2 diabetic patients and in 13.1% of type 1 diabetic patients (chi2 = 15.9, P = 0.0003 vs. 1.3% of control subjects). No significant differences were observed in sex distribution, current age, age at diabetes onset, BMI, fasting serum glucose, or glycemic control between anti-CD38+ and anti-CD38-diabetic patients in either the type 2 or type 1 diabetic groups. The effect of 23 anti-CD38- and 13 anti-CD38+ sera on insulin secretion at low (3.3 mmol/l) or high (16.7 mmol/l) medium glucose concentrations was evaluated in isolated human pancreatic islets. Data are medians (interquartile range). The anti-CD38+ sera potentiated insulin release both at low [95 (64) vs. 23 (12) microU/ml of control incubations, respectively, P < 0.0001] and high [271 (336) vs. a control of 55 (37) microU/ml, respectively, P = 0.001] medium glucose concentrations, whereas the anti-CD38- sera did not. Furthermore, in the pooled data from all 36 tested sera, insulin levels in the islet incubation medium were directly related to the anti-CD38 antibody titer. We conclude that autoantibodies to CD38 are associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Caucasian subjects. These autoantibodies exert a stimulatory effect on insulin secretion by cultured human islets. The role of this autoimmune reaction in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains to be elucidated.