gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders: a review. (2007)

Ultrasonography sensitivity ranged from 13-100% for the evaluation of disc displacement (DD), from 70.6-83.9% for the evaluation of joint effusion (JE), and from 70-94% for the evaluation of condylar erosion (CE). Specificity ranged from 62-100% for the evaluation of DD, from 73.7-100% for the evaluation of JE, and from 20-100% for the evaluation of CE. Accuracy ranged from 51.5-100% for the evaluation of DD, from 72.2-95% for the evaluation of JE, and from 67-94% for the evaluation of CE.
Identification of Small-Molecule Agonists of Human Relaxin Family Receptor 1 (RXFP1) by Using a Homogenous Cell-Based cAMP Assay (2012)

The relaxin hormone is involved in a variety of biological functions, including female reproduction and parturition, as well as regulation of cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic functions. It regulates extracellular matrix remodeling, cell invasiveness, proliferation, differentiation, and overall tissue homeostasis. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) relaxin family receptor 1 (RXFP1) is a cognate relaxin receptor that mainly signals through cyclic AMP second messenger. Although agonists of the receptor could have a wide range of pharmacologic utility, until now there have been no reported small-molecule agonists for relaxin receptors. Here, we report the development of a quantitative high-throughput platform for an RXFP1 agonist screen based on homogenous cell-based HTRF cyclic AMP (cAMP) assay technology. Two small molecules of similar structure were independently identified from a screen of more than 365 677 compounds. Neither compound showed activity in a counterscreen with HEK293T cells transfected with an unrelated GPCR vasopressin 1b receptor. These small-molecule agonists also demonstrated selectivity against the RXFP2 receptor, providing a basis for future medicinal chemistry optimization of selective relaxin receptor agonists.
Energy-efficient resource allocation in OFDMA systems with large numbers of base station antennas (2012)

In this paper, resource allocation for energy efficient communication in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink networks with large numbers of base station (BS) antennas is studied. Assuming perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT), the resource allocation algorithm design is modeled as a non-convex optimization problem for maximizing the energy efficiency of data transmission (bit/Joule delivered to the users), where the circuit power consumption and a minimum required data rate are taken into consideration. Subsequently, by exploiting the properties of fractional programming, an efficient iterative resource allocation algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. In particular, the power allocation, subcarrier allocation, and antenna allocation policies for each iteration are derived. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed iterative resource allocation algorithm converges in a small number of iterations and unveil the trade-off between energy efficiency and the number of antennas.
Activatable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agent Reports Myeloperoxidase Activity in Healing Infarcts and Noninvasively Detects the Antiinflammatory Effects of Atorvastatin on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2008)

MPO-Gd enables in vivo assessment of MPO activity in injured myocardium. This approach allows noninvasive evaluation of the inflammatory response to ischemia and has the potential to guide the development of novel cardioprotective therapies.
Comparison of RNase A, a chemical cleavage and GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for the detection of mutations in exon 9 of the human acidβ-glucosidase gene (1989)

Gaucher disease (GD), which results from mutations in the human acid beta-glucosidase (beta-Glc) gene, was used as a model system to compare the utility of three methods capable of detecting single base substitutions. PCR-amplified beta-Glc exon 9 sequences of GD patients were screened for single base mutations by GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and RNase A cleavage of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes, and by chemical (hydroxylamine/osmium tetroxide) cleavage of dsDNA heteroduplexes. PCR products showing abnormal behaviour were cloned and sequenced. Three new point mutations were detected by this strategy. A G to C (Asp409 to His409) substitution was present in two Type 1 and one Type 3 GD patients; an A to T transversion (Asp409 to Val409) was detected in only a single Type 3 individual, and a G to T mutation (Val394 to Leu394) was present in one Type 1 and one Type 3 patient. GD thus exhibits extensive molecular heterogeneity, with at least five single base mutations in beta-Glc exon 9. In every case verified by ASO hybridization, DGGE had correctly identified the presence of the three new mutations, as well as the two previously described exon 9 mutations. In comparison, although RNase A and the chemical method were both able to detect some of these mutations, neither method reproducibly detected all of them. Additionally, DGGE was the only method that was able to reliably determine whether a given mutation was present homozygously or heterozygously. These results suggest that GC-clamped DGGE may be a more reliable and informative screening method for point mutation detection.
Tracking multiple objects in the presence of articulated and occluded motion (2002)

Presents a novel approach to the tracking of multiple articulate objects in the presence of occlusion in moderately complex scenes. Most conventional tracking algorithms work well when only one object is tracked at a time. However, when multiple objects must be tracked simultaneously, significant computation is often introduced in order to handle occlusion and to calculate the appropriate region correspondence between successive frames. We introduce a near-real-time solution to this problem by using a probabilistic mixing of low-level features and components. The algorithm mixes coarse motion estimates, change detection information and unobservable predictions to create accurate trajectories of moving objects. We implement this multifeature mixing strategy within the context of a video surveillance system using a modified Kalman filtering mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed tracking and surveillance system.
Roles of the Proximal Hydrogen Bonding Network in Cytochrome P450cam-Catalyzed Oxygenation (2002)

Structural and functional roles of the hydrogen bonding network that surrounds the heme-thiolate coordination of P450(cam) from Pseudomonas putida were investigated. A hydrogen bond between the side chain amide of Gln360 and the carbonyl oxygen of the axial Cys357 was removed in Q360L. The side chain hydrogen bond and the electrostatic interaction between the polypeptide amide proton of Gln360 and the sulfur atom of Cys357 were simultaneously removed in Q360P. The increased electron donation of the axial thiolate in Q360L and Q360P was evidenced by negative shifts of their reduction potentials by 45 and 70 mV, respectively. Together with the results on L358P in which the amide proton at position 358 was removed (Yoshioka, S., Takahashi, S., Ishimori, K., Morishima, I. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2000, 81, 141-151), we propose that the side chain hydrogen bond and the electrostatic interaction of the amide proton with the thiolate ligand cause approximately 45 and approximately 35 mV of positive shifts, respectively, of the redox potential of the heme in P450(cam). The resonance Raman spectra of the ferrous-CO form of the Q360 mutants showed a downshifted Fe-CO stretching mode at 482 approximately 483 cm(-)(1) compared with that of wild-type P450(cam) at 484 cm(-)(1). The Q360 mutants also showed the upshift by 4 approximately 5 cm(-)(1) of the Fe-NO stretching mode in the ferrous-NO form. These Raman results indicate the increase in the sigma-electron donation of the thiolate ligand in the reduced state of the Q360 mutants and were in contrast to the increased pi-back-donation of the thiolate in L358P having an upshifted Fe-CO stretching mode at 489 cm(-)(1). The catalytic activities of the Q360 mutants for the unnatural substrates were similar to those of the wild-type enzyme, indicating that the increased sigma-electron donation does not promote the O-O bond heterolysis in the Q360 mutants, although the increased pi-electron donation in L358P promoted the heterolysis of the O-O bond. We conclude that the functions of the proximal hydrogen bonding network in P450(cam) are to stabilize the heme-thiolate coordination, and to regulate the redox potential of the heme iron. Furthermore, we propose that the pi-electron donation, not the sigma-electron donation, of the thiolate ligand promotes the heterolysis of the O-O bond of dioxygen.
Optimal Rate Private Information Retrieval from Homomorphic Encryption (2015)

Abstract We consider the problem of minimizing the communication in single-database private information retrieval protocols in the case where the length of the data to be transmitted is large. We present first rate-optimal protocols for 1-out-of- n computationallyprivate information retrieval (CPIR), oblivious transfer (OT), and strong conditional oblivious transfer (SCOT). These protocols are based on a new optimalrate leveled homomorphic encryption scheme for large-output polynomial-size branching programs, that might be of independent interest. The analysis of the new scheme is intricate: the optimal rate is achieved if a certain parameter s is set equal to the only positive root of a degree-( m + 1) polynomial, where m is the length of the branching program. We show, by using Galois theory, that even when m = 4, this polynomial cannot be solved in radicals. We employ the Newton-Puiseux algorithm to find a Puiseux series for s , and based on this, propose a Θ (log m )-time algorithm to find an integer approximation to s .
Characterization of Structural Domains of Human Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor (1998)

Osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF) is a heparin-binding secretory glycoprotein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. OCIF is present both as a approximately 60-kDa monomer and a disulfide-linked homodimer. We attempted to characterize the seven structural domains of OCIF by determining the capabilities of various OCIF mutants to inhibit osteoclastogenesis, to interact with heparin, and to form dimers. We also examined a potential of domains 5 and 6, death domain homologous regions (DDHs), for inducing cell death by expressing OCIF/Fas fusion proteins. Our results show that: (i) the N-terminal portion of OCIF containing domains 1-4, which have structural similarity to the extracellular domains of the TNFR family proteins, is sufficient to inhibit osteoclastogenesis; (ii) a heparin-binding site is located in domain 7, and affinity for heparin does not correlate with the inhibitory activity; (iii) Cys-400 in domain 7 is the residue responsible for dimer formation; and (iv) the C-terminal portion containing domains 5 and 6, DDHs, has a high potential for mediating a cytotoxic signal when it is expressed in cells as an OCIF/Fas fusion protein in which the transmembrane region of Fas is inserted in front of DDHs.
Efficacy and Safety Studies of a Recombinant Chimeric Respiratory Syncytial Virus FG Glycoprotein Vaccine in Cotton Rats (2000)

Several formulations of a recombinant chimeric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine consisting of the extramembrane domains of the F and G glycoproteins (FG) were tested in cotton rats to evaluate efficacy and safety. The FG vaccine was highly immunogenic, providing nearly complete resistance to pulmonary infection at doses as low as 25 ng in spite of inducing relatively low levels of serum neutralizing antibody at low vaccine doses. Upon RSV challenge animals primed with FG vaccine showed quite mild alveolitis and interstitial pneumonitis, which were eliminated by the addition of monophosphoryl lipid A to the formulation.
Microwave Tomography Using Topology Optimization Techniques (2008)

Microwave tomography is a technique in which microwaves illuminate a specimen, and measurements of the scattered electrical field are used to determine and depict the specimen's dielectric and conductive properties. This article presents a new method to perform the reconstruction. The reconstruction method is illustrated by assuming time harmonic scattering in two space dimensions in a setup tailored for medical applications. We prove that the resulting constrained nonlinear least-squares problem admits a solution. The governing Helmholtz equation is discretized by using the finite-element method, and the dielectric properties are allowed to attain different values at each element within a given region. The reconstruction algorithm uses methodologies borrowed from topology optimization of linearly elastic structures. Numerical examples illustrate the reconstruction method in a parameter range typical for human tissue and for the challenging case where the size of the object is in the same order as the wavelength. A reasonable estimate of the dielectric properties is obtained by using one observation per 20 unknowns when the permittivity is allowed to vary continuously within a given interval. Using a priori information that the permittivity attains only certain values results in a good estimate and a sharp image. As opposed to topology optimization for structures, there is no indication of mesh dependency and checkerboarding when forcing the permittivity to attain discrete values.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF SOME NEW N,N′‐DISUBSTITUTED THIOUREAS OF POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL INTEREST (1985)

Abstract Für breit angelegte biologische Untersuchungen werden zahlreiche Thioharnstoffe (III) bzw. (IV) hergestellt.
High-Q GaN nanowire resonators and oscillators (2007)

We report high mechanical quality factors Q for GaN nanowire cantilevers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Nanowires with 30–500nm diameters and 5–20μm lengths having resonance frequencies from 400kHzto2.8MHz were measured. Q near room temperature and 10−4Pa ranged from 2700 to above 60 000 with most above 10 000. Positive feedback to a piezoelectric stack caused spontaneous nanowire oscillations with Q exceeding 106. Spontaneous oscillations also occurred with direct e-beam excitation of unintentionally doped nanowires. Doped nanowires showed no oscillations, consistent with oscillation arising via direct actuation of piezoelectric GaN.
Generation of an Angiostatin-like Fragment from Plasminogen by Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) (1998)

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MP-3 or stromelysin-1) specifically hydrolyzes the Glu59-Asn60, Pro447-Val448, and Pro544-Ser545 peptide bonds in plasminogen, yielding a 55 kDa NH2-terminal angiostatin-like domain (comprising kringles 1-4), a 14 kDa domain comprising kringle 5, and a 30 kDa domain comprising the serine proteinases domain. The conversion is completely abolished in the presence of the MMP inhibitors EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. Biospecific interactions analysis indicates that binding of proMMP-3 and MMP-3 to plasminogen occurs with comparable affinity (KA of 4.7 x 10(6) and 4.1 x 10(6) M-1, respectively) and is mediated via the miniplasminogen moiety (kringle 5 plus the proteinase domain) and via the catalytic domain of MMP-3. Thus, proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen by MMP-3 generates angiostatin-like fragments.
Are Alcoholics in Bad Jobs (1998)

Alcohol abuse has important implications for the productivity of the US workforce. The lost earnings of workers suffering from alcohol problems have been estimated at $36.6 billion in 1990. After completing schooling, young workers face critical labor market choices with long-ranging consequences for future jobs and lifetime earnings, while many of them also drink alcohol to excess. In this paper, we provide evidence on whether the drinking choices of young adults also have long-ranging consequences for future jobs and lifetime earnings. In doing so we extend previous research on the productivity effects of alcohol to include non-wage job attributes as part of total employee compensation. The goal of this research is to establish benchmark empirical patterns describing relationships between alcoholism and job choice. Our empirical results based on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data show that male alcoholics are less likely to receive a variety of fringe benefits, are more likely to be injured on the job, and work for smaller firms. When the conventional methodology is extended to include non-wage job attributes, of an estimated total loss of $2,380 per alcoholic, about $450, or almost 20% or the total, is the value of the lost fringe benefits. The data also show that male alcoholics are less likely to be in a white collar occupation but conditional upon being in a white collar occupation their earnings are similar to their non-alcoholic peers. While alcoholics are more likely to be in a blue collar occupation, conditional upon being in such an occupation they are estimated to earn 15% less than their non-alcoholic peers. These findings help evaluate the potential effects of alcohol, education and income policies and health policy.
Two dimensional metallic microelectrode arrays for extracellular stimulation and recording of neurons (2002)

An inexpensive and reproducible technique for realizing metallic microelectrode arrays is presented. Arrays of sixteen microelectrodes have been fabricated using bulk silicon etching technology and photosensitive polyimide processing. The arrays are fabricated on a silicon substrate using nickel as the structural material and gold as the exposed material at the neural recording sites. Silicon nitride serves as the insulating material for the shaft of the electrodes. Individual electrodes are 15- mu m thick, 25- mu m wide, and 1.1 mm in length, and have a probe-to-probe spacing of 75 mu m. The process used to fabricate the microelectrode arrays is compatible with standard integrated circuit fabrication technology. The arrays have successfully undergone repeated insertion into the olfactory bulb of laboratory rats.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intracisternal des-acyl ghrelin inhibits food intake and non-nutrient gastric emptying in conscious rats. (2005)

Although des-acyl ghrelin is thought of as a non-functional peptide, studies show that it decreases food intake and gastric emptying in mice. However, no studies have examined the effects of centrally administered des-acyl ghrelin on food intake and gastrointestinal transit in rats. We investigated the effects of intracisternal (IC) administration of des-acyl ghrelin on food intake in free-feeding and food-deprived rats, as well as on the gastrointestinal transit in conscious rats. IC injection of des-acyl ghrelin dose-dependently (0.1 and 1.0 nmol/rat) decreased 20-min, 1-h and 2-h cumulative food intake in 16-h food-deprived, but not free-feeding rats, while IC administration of O-n-octanoylated (acylated) ghrelin (1 nmol/rat) increased food intake in both fed and fasted rats. IC-administered des-acyl ghrelin dose-dependently inhibited charcoal semi-liquid gastric emptying (0.01, 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 nmol/rat) compared to saline-injected controls, but did not affect the geometric center and running percentage of small intestinal transit. However, IC acylated ghrelin enhanced gastric emptying and geometric center of small intestinal transit, but did not change running percentage of small intestinal transit. The studies suggest that IC des-acyl ghrelin decreases food intake in food-deprived rats and inhibits gastric emptying without altering small intestinal transit. These results establish the role of des-acyl ghrelin in regulating food intake as well as gastric emptying.
Context-specific Effects of Fibulin-5 (DANCE/EVEC) on Cell Proliferation, Motility, and Invasion (2002)

Fibulin-5 (FBLN-5; also known as DANCE or EVEC) is an integrin-binding extracellular matrix protein that mediates endothelial cell adhesion; it is also a calcium-dependent elastin-binding protein that scaffolds cells to elastic fibers, thereby preventing elastinopathy in the skin, lung, and vasculature. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulates the production of cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins by a variety of cell types and tissues. We show here that TGF-beta stimulates murine 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to synthesize FBLN-5 transcript and protein through a Smad3-independent pathway. Overexpression of FBLN-5 in 3T3-L1 cells increased DNA synthesis and enhanced basal and TGF-beta-stimulated activation of ERK1/ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). FBLN-5 overexpression also augmented the tumorigenicity of human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells by increasing their DNA synthesis, migration toward fibronectin, and invasion through synthetic basement membranes. In stark contrast, FBLN-5 expression was down-regulated in the majority of metastatic human malignancies, particularly in cancers of the kidney, breast, ovary, and colon. Unlike its proliferative response in fibroblasts, FBLN-5 overexpression in mink lung Mv1Lu epithelial cells resulted in an antiproliferative response, reducing their DNA synthesis and cyclin A expression. Moreover, FBLN-5 synergizes with TGF-beta in stimulating AP-1 activity in Mv1Lu cells, an effect that was abrogated by overexpression of dominant-negative versions of either MKK1 or p38 MAPKalpha. Accordingly, both the stimulation and duration of ERK1/ERK2 and p38 MAPK by TGF-beta was enhanced in Mv1Lu cells expressing FBLN-5. Our findings identify FBLN-5 as a novel TGF-beta-inducible target gene that regulates cell growth and motility in a context-specific manner and affects protein kinase activation by TGF-beta. Our findings also indicate that aberrant FBLN-5 expression likely contributes to tumor development in humans.
Nonlinear integrated optics (1985)

We review the work done to date in the field of nonlinear integrated optics. Emphasis is placed on (intrinsic) second- and third-order phenomena occurring in planar geometry structures and several applications are discussed. All of the nonlinear interactions are discussed in a single notation.
Molecular Monitoring of Residual Corrosion Inhibitor Actives in Oilfield Fluids: Implications for Inhibitor Performance (1998)

Abstract In recent years a number of significant advances in the molecular monitoring of residual corrosion inhibitors in oilfield fluids have been reported. The techniques used, chromatography and mass spectroscopy, provide molecular specificity with high sensitivity, and allow individual molecules to be tracked at low levels (sub ppm) throughout oil production systems. These analyses have demonstrated for the first time how individual corrosion inhibitor molecules behave in real systems, and the results obtained have shown some interesting phenomena. For example, for a series of quaternary ammonium compounds, the concentrations of residual inhibitor molecules remaining in the fluid is dependant not only on the length of the alkyl chain, but also the degree of methyl branching. In an attempt to explain these field observations, a number of laboratory partition and surface adsorption experiments have been performed on pure synthetic and industrial grade quaternary ammonium corrosion inhibitor compounds. By relating the results of these laboratory studies with data obtained from the field, a more complete understanding of oilfield corrosion inhibitor behaviour has begun to evolve.
Dietary Flaxseed Alters Tumor Biological Markers in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer (2005)

Dietary flaxseed has the potential to reduce tumor growth in patients with breast cancer.