gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for adhesin activity in the acid-stable moiety of the phosphomannoprotein cell wall complex of Candida albicans (1994)

Previously, we showed that Candida albicans hydrophilic yeast cells adhere specifically to mouse splenic marginal-zone macrophages. The adhesins are part of the yeast cell wall phosphomannoprotein complex, and one adhesin site, which reacts with the monoclonal antibody 10G, was identified as a beta-1,2-linked tetramannose in the acid-labile portion of the complex. We report here that the acid-stable part of the complex, which has not been reported previously to have adhesin activity, is in large part responsible for yeast cell binding to the splenic marginal zone. The phosphomannoprotein complex, termed Fr.II, was isolated from C. albicans serotype B yeast cells by beta-mercaptoethanol extraction and concanavalin A-agarose affinity chromatography. Fr.II is devoid of the serotype A-specific antigen factor 6, which functions in yeast cell attachment to epithelial cells. The acid-stable part of Fr.II (i.e., Fr.IIS) was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis and size exclusion fractionation. Fr.IIS was further fractionated into four fractions, Fr.IIS1, Fr.IIS2, Fr.IIS3, and Fr.IIS4, by concanavalin A-agarose column chromatography and elution with a linear gradient of alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside. Adhesin activity of these fractions was determined by their ability to block yeast cell binding to the splenic marginal zone. Fr.IIS1 and Fr.IIS2 yielded more material and stronger adhesin activity than either Fr.IIS3 or Fr.IIS4. Only Fr.IIS1 did not react with antibodies (anti-factor 5 and monoclonal antibody 10G) specific for the acid-labile beta-1,2-linked oligosaccharides. Fr.IIS1-coated latex beads attached specifically to the marginal zone in a pattern identical to that of yeast cell binding. Furthermore, Fr.IIS1-latex bead attachment was inhibited by soluble Fr.II or Fr.IIS. Initial chemical analyses indicate that the adhesin site on Fr.IIS1 is a carbohydrate because adhesin activity was destroyed by periodate oxidation but not by proteinase K digestion.
Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: anatomical and physiological considerations. (2008)

Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is important for potentially treating various disorders in retina, choroid, vitreous humor and optic nerve. Due to anatomic membrane barriers and the lacrimal drainage it can be quite challenging to obtain therapeutic drug concentrations in the posterior parts of the eye after topical drug administration. Since the membrane barriers cannot be altered with non-invasive methods invasive methods such as direct drug injection into the vitreous humor and subconjunctival, subtenons capsule or suprascleral injections are gaining popularity. However, invasive methods can cause discomfort for the patient and can also lead to complications that are even more serious than the disease being treated. Alternatively, novel ophthalmic formulations can be developed that specifically target topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Anatomical and physiological barriers in the eye are reviewed as well as the theoretical model of passive drug diffusion from the eye surface into the eye. It is shown that enhanced drug delivery through conjunctiva/sclera to retina can be obtained by formulating lipophilic drugs as hydrophilic drug/cyclodextrin complex solutions. Optimization of the delivery system by formulating the drug as a low-viscosity aqueous drug/cyclodextrin complex suspension results in sustained high concentrations of dissolved drug in the tear fluid which further increases the targeted drug delivery to the posterior segment.
Methylation status of promoters and expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins in pancreatic cancer cells (2003)

Anomalous expression of certain types of mucins occurs in pancreatic tumors, but little is known about the causes. MUC2 and MUC5AC are not expressed in normal pancreas. In the present study an immunohistochemical screening showed that MUC2 antigen was expressed in 6% of invasive tumors. Of the pancreatic cell lines, 2.4% expressed MUC2 message and antigen. In contrast, MUC5AC antigen was expressed in 86-100% of invasive adenocarcinoma (depending on the antibody). MUC5AC message and antigen were expressed in 66.7% of the cell lines tested. A polymerase chain reaction based assay was used to determine if methylation of CpG sites immediately 5' of the transcription initiation sites of the MUC2 and MUC5AC genes could be related to mucin expression in the cell lines. Digestibility by the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII correlated with the presence or absence of mRNA in 100% and 77.8% of the cell lines for MUC2 and MUC5AC, respectively. Treatment of a cell line that did not express MUC2 or MUC5AC gene products with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in an increase in MUC2 message but no change in MUC5AC message. In summary, the expression of MUC2 gene products correlated well with methylation of the proximal region of the promoter whereas expression of MUC5AC may involve additional regions or other mechanisms.
Efficient Integration of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Vectors Requires a p5- rep Sequence in cis (2002)

The initial aim of this study was to combine attributes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vectors to generate an Ad-AAV hybrid vector allowing efficient site-specific integration with Ad vectors. In executing our experimental strategy, we found that, in addition to the known incompatibility of Rep expression and Ad growth, an equally large obstacle was presented by the inefficiency of the integration event when using traditional recombinant AAV (rAAV) vectors. This study has addressed both of these problems. We have shown that a first-generation Ad can be generated that expresses Rep proteins at levels consistent with those found in wild-type AAV (wtAAV) infections and that Rep-mediated AAV persistence can occur in the presence of first-generation Ad vectors. Our finding that traditional rAAV plasmid vectors lack integration potency compared to wtAAV plasmid constructs (10- to 100-fold differences) was unexpected but led to the discovery of a previously unidentified AAV integration enhancer sequence element which functions in cis to an AAV inverted terminal repeat-flanked target gene. rAAV constructs containing left-end AAV sequence, including the p5-rep promoter sequence, integrate efficiently in a site-specific manner. The identification of this novel AAV integration enhancer element is consistent with previous studies, which have indicated that a high frequency of wtAAV recombinant junction formation occurs in the vicinity of the p5 promoter, and recent studies have demonstrated a role for this region in AAV DNA replication. Understanding the contribution of this element to the mechanism of AAV integration will be critical to the use of AAV vectors for targeted gene transfer applications.
Surfaces from contours (1992)

This paper is concerned with the problem of reconstructing the surfaces of three-dimensional objects, given a collection of planar contours representing cross-sections through the objects. This problem has important aplications in biomedical research and instruction, solid modeling, and industrial inspection. The method we describe produces a triangulated mesh from the data points of the contours which is then used in conjunction with a piecewise parametric surface-fitting algorithm to produce a reconstructed surface. The problem can be broken into four subproblems: the correspondence problem (which contours should be connected by the surface?), the tiling problem (how should the contours be connected?), the branching problem (what do we do when there are branches in the surface?), and the surface-fitting problem (what is the precise geometry of the reconstructed surface?) We describe our system for surface reconstruction from sets of contours with respect to each of these subproblems. Special attention is given to the correspondence and branching problems. We present a method that can handle sets of contours in which adjacent contours share a very contorted boundary, and we describe a new approach to solving the correspondence problem using a Minimum Spanning Tree generated from the contours.
Detection of Florfenicol Resistance Genes inEscherichia coliIsolated from Sick Chickens (2000)

Florfenicol is an antibiotic approved for veterinary use in cattle in the United States in 1996. Although this drug is not used in poultry, we have detected resistance to florfenicol in clinical isolates of avian Escherichia coli. Molecular typing demonstrated that the florfenicol resistance gene, flo, was independently acquired and is plasmid encoded.
Active specific immunotherapy with a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin peptide vaccine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: antibody response is associated with improved survival. (2002)

Vaccination with CTP37-DT induced anti-hCG antibodies in most patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Anti-hCG antibody induction was associated with longer overall survival. CTP37-DT has an excellent safety profile and warrants further study in patients with colorectal cancer.
Studies on Absorption of a Newly Developed Enteric‐Coated Erythromycin Base (1977)

Linked data and semantic web technologies are gaining impact and importance in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Facility Management (AEC/FM) industry. Whereas we have seen a strong technological shift with the emergence of Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, this second technological shift to the exchange and management of building data over the web might be even stronger than the first one. In order to make this a success, the AEC/FM industry will need strong and appropriate ontologies, as they will allow industry practitioners to structure their data in a commonly agreed format and exchange the data. Herein, we look at the ontologies that are emerging in the area of Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS). We propose a BACS ontology in strong alignment with existing ontologies and evaluate how it can be used for capturing automation and control systems of a building by modeling a use case.
EFFECTS OF EXCITATIVE AND SEDATIVE MUSIC ON SUBJECTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RELAXATION (1997)

Previous investigations using heart rate as a measure have not clarified the excitative-sedative effects of music. One of the sources of this failure was considered to be use of the index of heart rate. The present purpose was to examine the excitative-sedative effect of music on indices of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous activities through spectral analysis of heart rate. The presented stimuli were three excitative musical pieces and three sedative ones. Subjective feelings about music were measured by an adjective checklist concerning musical activity. Heart-rate variabilities divided into two components of Low Frequency, mainly affected by the sympathetic nervous system and of High Frequency, mainly affected by the parasympathetic nervous system. Six types of heart-rate indices were employed: (1) mean increments from posttrial base, (2) coefficient of variances of heart rate, (3) mean powers of Low Frequency, (4) coefficient of component variances of Low Frequency, (5) mean powers of High Frequency, and (6) coefficient of component variances of High Frequency. From the factor analysis based on responses to an adjective checklist, there was a single major activity factor. Activity scores showed some were high during excitative pieces and others low during sedative ones. For heart rate, excitative-sedative effects of music were observed only in indices related to High Frequency. This result suggests that musical effect was observed in measures of the parasympathetic nervous system but not in the sympathetic nervous system.
NGF involvement in pain induced by chronic constriction injury of the rat sciatic nerve (1997)

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve, which within 3 days induces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, is used as a model for pain resulting from nerve injury. Involvement of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the development of this hyperalgesia is suggested by the increase in the level of mRNA encoding NGF in cells in the injured area and in dorsal root ganglia at the level of the lesion and the greatly increased NGF levels (determined by ELISA) in the ganglia ipsilateral to the CCI. Application of anti-serum to NGF at the site of CCI delayed the appearance of hyperalgesia, whereas pre-immune serum appeared to enhance it. These results are consistent with the view that NGF is an important factor in the appearance of hyperalgesia associated with unilateral mononeuropathy.
Stable and unstable forms of human fibroblast interferon (1977)

There is a minor fraction of human fibroblast interferon that resembles human leukocyte interferon in being renaturable after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. However, antigenically and in its low activity on heterologous cells, it resembles the bulk of human fibroblast interferon. Since the production of this stable interferon fraction is not greatly inhibited by glucosamine at concentrations that significantly reduce total interferon production, it is suggested that it differs from the bulk of human fibroblast interferon in the extent or nature of glycosylation.
Mineralization of monosubstituted aromatic compounds in unsaturated and saturated subsurface soils (1988)

The mineralization of benzoic acid, phenol, and benzylamine was determined as a function of depth in two 20-m sandy soil profiles, one of which was adjacent to a leach field receiving wastewater from a laundromat. Soil samples were collected aseptically, adjusted to 20–25% water content and amended with a trace level (50 ng/g soil) of the 14 C-ring-labeled compounds. Evolution of CO 2 was followed with time. First-order rate constants and the extents of mineralization were estimated from the resulting data by nonlinear regression. All three compounds were mineralized in every sample examined without a lag period. In general, phenol was mineralized more rapidly than benzoic acid, which was more rapidly mineralized than benzylamine. Benzylamine had the highest sorption coefficient; phenol had the lowest. Average half-life was 0.56 days for phenol, 0.84 days for benzoic acid, and 1.31 days for benzylamine. Mineralization rates did not correlate with bacterial number, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis rate, or any soil characteristic. The ultimate percentage of all three compounds mineralized was lowest in the upper 3 m of both soil profiles. The total amounts of phenol and benzoic acid mineralized negatively correlated with cation-exchange capacity and silt content. Statistical analysis (2-level nested ANOVA) revealed that only the rate of phenol mineralization varied significantly as a function of soil profile, but rates for all three compounds varied significantly as a function of depth within a profile.
Human neutrophil collagenase cleaves α1-antitrypsin (1990)

Inactivation of the plasma serine-proteinase inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) by neutrophil metalloproteinases has been reported [Vissers, George, Bathurst, Brennan & Winterbourn (1987) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 46, 1390a; (1988) J. Clin. Invest. 82, 706-711; Desrochers & Weiss (1988) J. Clin. Invest. 81, 1646-1650]. To identify the enzyme responsible, supernatant from neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was subjected to preparative SDS/PAGE, both with and without activation of latent metalloproteinases with HgCl2. The lanes were subsequently sliced into pieces, the slices incubated with equimolar amounts of type I collagen and alpha 1-AT in the presence of HgCl2, and the reaction products separated by SDS/PAGE. With the latent supernatant, the characteristic collagen-cleavage products and cleaved alpha 1-AT were present in the same slices, corresponding to an Mr of 80,000-85,000. On treatment with HgCl2 both degradative activities underwent the same molecular-mass shift to a position corresponding to Mr 60,000-65,000. Western blots of neutrophil supernatants, using a polyclonal antibody to purified collagenase, showed Mr values of 83,000 for the latent enzyme and 63,000 for the HgCl2-activated enzyme. Neutrophil collagenase was purified to homogeneity and shown also to exist in a second latent form with Mr 70,000. When activated to the Mr-63,000 form by HgCl2 and incubated with equimolar amounts of collagen and alpha 1-AT, collagenase cleaved alpha 1-AT at almost twice the rate at which collagen was cleaved. alpha 1-AT cleavage was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and by high concentrations of collagen. That the purified collagenase did not contain a contaminant proteinase such as stromelysin was indicated by inability of the preparation to cleave casein. Taken together these results lead us to conclude that neutrophil collagenase is capable of degrading alpha 1-AT. Neutrophil gelatinase also cleaved alpha 1-AT, but cleavage was slow when compared with its activity against gelatin.
Suction Blister Epidermal Grafting Versus Punch Skin Grafting in Recalcitrant and Stable Vitiligo (1999)

Both techniques are simple and effective, however, SBEG gives cosmetically better and rapid results.
Enhanced cardiogenesis in embryonic stem cells overexpressing the GATA-4 transcription factor (1997)

GATA-4 is a cardiac-specific member of the GATA family of zinc finger transcription factors. During embryogenesis, GATA-4 expression is detected very early in the cardiogenic area and persists later in the developing heart. Studies have shown that GATA-4 is a potent transcriptional activator of several cardiac muscle-specific genes and a key regulator of the cardiomyocyte gene program. Consistent with a role for GATA-4 in cardiomyocyte formation, inhibition of GATA-4 expression by antisense transcripts interferes with expression of cardiac muscle genes and blocks development of beating cardiomyocytes in P19 embryonic stem cells. In order to better define the function of GATA-4 in cardiogenesis, we have carried out molecular analysis of early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation in GATA-4-deficient P19 cell lines and in P19 cells stably overexpressing GATA-4. The results indicate that GATA-4 is not required for either endodermal or mesodermal commitment or for initiation of the cardiac pathway. However, in the absence of GATA-4, differentiation is blocked at the precardiac (cardioblasts) stage and cells are lost through extensive apoptosis. In contrast, ectopic expression of GATA-4 in P19 cells accelerates cardiogenesis and markedly increases (over 10-fold) the number of terminally differentiated beating cardiomyocytes following cell aggregation. Together, these findings suggest that, in addition to its role in activation of the cardiac genetic program, GATA-4 may be the nuclear target of inductive and/or survival factors for precardiac cells.
The use of microbubbles to target drug delivery (2004)

Ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction has been proposed as an innovative method for noninvasive delivering of drugs and genes to different tissues. Microbubbles are used to carry a drug or gene until a specific area of interest is reached, and then ultrasound is used to burst the microbubbles, causing site-specific delivery of the bioactive materials. Furthermore, the ability of albumin-coated microbubbles to adhere to vascular regions with glycocalix damage or endothelial dysfunction is another possible mechanism to deliver drugs even in the absence of ultrasound. This review focuses on the characteristics of microbubbles that give them therapeutic properties and some important aspects of ultrasound parameters that are known to influence microbubble-mediated drug delivery. In addition, current studies involving this novel therapeutical application of microbubbles will be discussed.
Differential distribution of long and short interspersed element sequences in the mouse genome: chromosome karyotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1990)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to demonstrate the differential distribution of interspersed repetitive elements in the genome of Mus musculus domesticus. Hybridization with a mouse long interspersed element sequence results in a sharp, highly reproducible banding pattern on metaphase chromosomes, which is quite similar to Giemsa banding for all chromosomes except 7 and X. The families of short interspersed elements, B1 and B2, preferentially cluster in the R, or reverse, bands. There is no evidence of any interspersed repeat present in the centromeric heterochromatic regions. Both the long interspersed element and B2 probes give banding patterns suitable for karyotype analysis. Simultaneous hybridization of the biotinylated long interspersed element probe and a digoxigenin-labeled cosmid to metaphase spreads allows rapid localization of a probe of interest to a particular cytogenetic band on a chromosome.
Subcellular and submitochondrial localization of phospholipid-synthesizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1986)

Using highly enriched membrane preparations from lactate-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the subcellular and submitochondrial location of eight enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids was determined. Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase and phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase were localized exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, while phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity was confined to microsomal fractions. The other five enzymes tested in this study were common both to the outer mitochondrial membrane and to microsomes. The transmembrane orientation of the mitochondrial enzymes was investigated by protease digestion of intact mitochondria and of outside-out sealed vesicles of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Glycerolphosphate acyltransferase, phosphatidylinositol synthase, and phosphatidylserine synthase were exposed at the cytosolic surface of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Cholinephosphotransferase was apparently located at the inner aspect or within the outer mitochondrial membrane. Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, on the cytoplasmic side of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Inner membrane activity of this enzyme constituted 80% of total mitochondrial activity; inactivation by trypsin digestion was observed only after preincubation of membranes with detergent (0.1% Triton X-100). Total activity of those enzymes that are common to mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum was about equally distributed between the two organelles. Data concerning susceptibility to various inhibitors, heat sensitivity, and the pH optima indicate that there is a close similarity of the mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes that catalyze the same reaction.