gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance on the Boston Cookie theft picture description task in patients with early dementia of the Alzheimer's type: Missing information (1996)

Abstract We report on the spoken language of 48 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) who were divided into three approximately equal subgroups on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (minimal 24–29, mild 17–23, and moderate 3–16) and 18 matched controls. The Cookie Theft picture description task from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination was chosen because it is considered an ecologically valid approximation to spontaneous discourse. All subjects were also assessed on a battery of semantic memory and non-verbal tests. Our analysis of the discourse sample focused on quantity versus information content over time, and included measures of the total number of syllables produced, the total number of information units produced, and the total time taken to describe the picture. We found that the total number of information-carrying units was the most salient variable which differentiated controls from even the minimal DAT subgroup. Moreover, information content correlated significantly with measures of lexico-semantic processing, but not with performance on non-linguistically based tests.
The Glycine Site on the NMDA Receptor: Structure-Activity Relationships and Therapeutic Potential (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Glycine Site on the NMDA Receptor: Structure-Activity Relationships and Therapeutic PotentialPaul D. Leeson and Leslie L. IversenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 24, 4053–4067Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00050a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00050a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1297Altmetric-Citations277LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Room temperature wafer bonding by elastomeric polymer-supported cold welding (2004)

Elastomer supported cold welding is applied as a wafer bonding technique. By placing the elastomeric polymer layer beneath the metal contact surfaces, two silicon wafers under limited load (/spl sim/ 3 KPa) at 25 /spl deg/C. This method for room temperature wafer bonding without applying a voltage, high pressure, or vacuum is applicable for MEMS and NEMS packaging and fabrication processes.
Droplet sorting based on the number of encapsulated particles using a solenoid valve (2012)

Droplet microfluidics provides a high-throughput platform for screening subjects and conditions involved in biology. Droplets with encapsulated beads and cells have been increasingly used for studying molecular and cellular biology. Droplet sorting is needed to isolate and analyze the subject of interest during such screening. The vast majority of current sorting techniques use fluorescence intensity emitted by each droplet as the only criterion. However, due to the randomness and imperfections in the encapsulation process, typically a mixed population of droplets with an uneven number of encapsulated particles results and is used for screening. Thus droplet sorting based on the number of encapsulated particles becomes necessary for isolating or enriching droplets with a specific occupancy. In this work, we developed a fluorescence-activated microfluidic droplet sorter that integrated a simple deflection mechanism based on the use of a solenoid valve and a sophisticated signal processing system with a microcontroller as the core. By passing droplets through a narrow interrogation channel, the encapsulated particles were detected individually. The microcontroller conducted the computation to determine the number of encapsulated particles in each droplet and made the sorting decision accordingly that led to actuation of the solenoid valve. We tested both fluorescent beads and stained cells and our results showed high efficiency and accuracy for sorting and enrichment.
Construction of new ligand binding sites in proteins of known structure (1991)

In an accompanying paper a computational procedure is described, which introduces new ligand-binding sites into proteins of known structure. Here we describe the experimental implementation of one of the designs, which is intended to introduce a copper-binding site into Escherichia coli thioredoxin. The new binding site can be introduced with a minimum of four amino acid changes. The binding site is buried so that structural rules for making mutations in the hydrophobic core of a protein, as well as for the introduction of new functions, are being tested in this experiment. The mutant protein is folded even in the absence of metals, and variants that retain the original activity of thioredoxin can be isolated. The protein has gained a metal-binding site specific for transition metals. The metal co-ordination chemistry at the binding site varies depending on the metal that is introduced into it. Mercury(II) is co-ordinated in the expected manner. Copper(II) binds in a way that was not anticipated in the original design. It appears to use two of the four residues intended to form the co-ordination sphere, and two other residues that were not part of the original set of mutations. It is therefore necessary not only to introduce new functional groups to form a new site, but also to consider and remove alternative modes of binding.
Abdominal stimulation for respiratory support in tetraplegia: A tutorial review (2008)

Neuromuscular stimulation of the abdominal wall muscles can provide respiratory support in tetraplegia, where the main expiratory muscles are affected by paralysis. Stimulation may be applied by simple surface stimulation, resulting in a uniform muscle contraction which can help to improve expiratory function for coughing and breathing. In this review, an overview of methods and approaches available for abdominal muscle stimulation is given. Studies are discussed which show that this technique can lead to improvements in expiratory flow and tidal volume, resulting in enhanced cough and breathing functions. Approaches are introduced which aim to integrate abdominal stimulation with the subject's own voluntary breathing functions. These are illustrated with experimental results from the evaluation of automatic stimulation methods in tetraplegic patients. Clinical significance and applications are discussed and future developments are outlined.
Computing a Multimedia Representation for Documents Given Time and Display Constraints (2006)

It is difficult to view multipage, high resolution documents on devices with small displays. As a solution, we introduce a multimedia thumbnail representation, which can be seen as a multimedia clip that provides an automated guided tour through a document. Multimedia thumbnails are automatically generated by taking a document image as input and first performing visual and audible information analysis on the document to determine salient document elements. Next, the time and information attributes for each document element are computed by taking into account the display and application constraints. An optimization routine, given a time constraint, selects elements to be included in the multimedia thumbnail. Last, the selected elements are synthesized into animated images and audio to create the final multimedia representation
Relaxor ferroelectric materials (2002)

The authors review relaxor ferroelectrics and associated phenomena. It is noted that the anomalously large dielectric constants (K) of relaxor ferroelectrics make them ideal for multilayer capacitors, electrostrictive actuators, and E-field-induced piezoelectrics for low-frequency sonar and high-frequency biomedical transducers. The presence of morphotropic phase boundaries in various solid solutions gives rise to a new family of high-K piezoelectrics. Microstructurally, relaxors offer less grain size dependency than normal PZTs, allowing finer scale devices. Commonalities in dielectric and related behavior of relaxors suggest an interrelationship of the underlying intrinsic phenomena of these so-called nanocomposites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of synthetic face aging to age progression by forensic sketch artist (2007)

Aging affects facial appearance increasingly so through the progression of years of an individual's life. Because of this, there are several human-driven and automated applications that would greatly benefit from the ability to automatically generated accurate images of the appearance of an individual after some time period of aging, particularly when current photographs of the individual are not available. Thus far, however, little progress has been achieved in generating such images beyond those created by traditional artistic methods.

There are a few methods currently used to generate age-progressed facial appearances, mostly for lawenforcement applications such as missing-persons and fugitive apprehension. These methods are artistically driven by individuals trained in art, anatomy, aging, and forensic science. One of the most promising of the few recent computer-based methods for generating images of age-progression uses active-appearance models of the face trained on images of many individuals. This paper presents an initial comparison of synthetic face aging using this method with age progression drawn by a forensic artist.
Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulcer: Successful Treatment by Low-Intensity Laser Therapy (1999)

Although laser therapy was not applied as a monotherapy, the present observation suggests that it might constitute a useful side-effect-free alternative treatment modality for the induction of wound healing of neuropathic ulcers in diabetic patients. Therefore large properly controlled randomized studies seem justified.
An overview of a large-scale data migration (2003)

We present an overview of the migration of the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN. In less than three months, almost 300 TB will be migrated at a sustained data rate approaching 100 MB/s, using a distributed system with multiple nodes and data servers. This project, which is being carried out by the Database Group of CERN's IT Division and is expected to be completed by early 2003, involves both a physical media migration, from StorageTek 9940A to StorageTek 9940B tapes, and a data format conversion, from an object database management system to a hybrid persistency mechanism based on flat files referenced in a relational database management system.
High-efficiency True Bridgeless Totem Pole PFC based on GaN HEMT: Design Challenges and Cost-effective Solution (2015)

A true bridgeless Totem-Pole Power-Factor-Correction (TP-PFC) circuit is enabled by a diode-free GaN power HEMT bridge with low reverse-recovery charge. The proposed circuit introduces effective methods to resolve design challenges of current sensing and light load regulation, which can greatly reduce application cost and improve system stability. Experiments have been conducted to verify the proposed high efficiency AC/DC conversion of TP-PFC. Two types of GaN HEMT in TO220 and TO247 packages from Transphorm, Inc. have been successfully used in the proposed TP-PFC in 2 power levels. With 390Vdc output in continuous-current mode, a 1kW TP-PFC reaches 99% peak efficiency at 230V ac high-line input with 50KHz switching frequency, and a 2.4kW TP-PFC reaches 98.8% peak efficiency at high-line input with 100KHz switching frequency.
Plant Defense Genes Are Synergistically Induced by Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate (1994)

Yi Xu, Pi-Fang Linda Chang, Dong Liu, Meena L. Narasimhan, Kashchandra G. Raghothama, Paul M. Hasegawa, Ray A. Bressan, Plant Defense Genes Are Synergistically Induced by Ethylene and Methyl Jasmonate, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 8 (Aug., 1994), pp. 1077-1085
Sequence of Two Alleles Responsible for Gaucher Disease (1990)

Enzymatically amplified RNA transcripts were used to analyze the full coding region of the glucocerebrosidase gene from Gaucher disease patients. Two previously undescribed mutations were identified. One mutation consists of a single-base substitution in three different codons: codon 444, Leu (CTG) to Pro (CCG); codon 456, Ala (GCT) to Pro (CCT); and codon 460, Val (GTG) to Val (GTC). This mutant is called "pseudo pattern" (psi) because it is identical in sequence to a small region of the pseudogene in exon 10 (Horowitz et al., 1989). The other new mutation is a single-base substitution (C to T) resulting in the substitution of Cys for Arg in codon 463. These mutations in the human gene were duplicated in wild-type cDNA and expressed in 3T3 cells. The human mutant proteins were isolated by immunoaffinity and shown to have altered enzymatic properties demonstrating the causality of these two allelic mutations for Gaucher disease.
Should Non-Peer-Reviewed Raw DNA Sequence Data Release Be Forced on the Scientific Community? (1996)

The authors argue that the early release of unedited, unfinished genome sequence information into the public domain, as currently done by some sequencing centers on a nightly basis, should not be a policy imposed on all laboratories involved in genome research. Such data are presented without the benefit of either peer review or the researchers' own analysis, and their early release may even subvert the peer-review process. Also, as the number of genome sequencing projects increases, the amount of raw data added to public databases would become unmanageably large. Without rigorous quality control procedures and annotation, genomic sequence data are not necessarily useful.
Tissue Factor – A Receptor Involved in the Control of Cellular Properties, Including Angiogenesis (2001)

Tissue factor (TF), the major initiator of blood coagulation, serves as a regulator of angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. In several models, TF expression mediates upregulation of the proangiogenic vasular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that can directly act on endothelial cells to promote vessel formation. This occurs through ligand binding, activation of signaling cascades, signal transduction and alteration of growth factor expression and is mediated by both, coagulation-dependent and -independent pathways. Depending on the cell type and the biological settings, TF seems to affect cellular properties through (i) factor VIIa (FVIIa)-dependent proteolysis of factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin and subsequent activation of proteinase activated receptor (PAR) -1 and PAR-2, (ii) through direct FVIIa signaling and mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase activation, that is conferred by a not yet identified receptor, (iii) through interaction of FVII(a) proteolytic activity and signaling of the cytoplasmic domain and (iv) through cytoplasmic signaling independent of ligand binding. The role of phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain and the pathways controlling phosphorylation of TF remain poorly understood.
Epidermal-dermal interactions regulate gelatinase activity in Apligraf®, a tissue-engineered human skin equivalent (2002)

These observations provide evidence that epidermal-dermal interactions suppress epidermal gelatinase activity. In addition, coexpression of TIMPs and fibronectin in the Apligraf dermis suggests that the product has the potential to counteract the imbalance between matrix production and degradation in chronic wounds and thus may support wound re-epithelialization.
The Role of Frizzled3 and Frizzled6 in Neural Tube Closure and in the Planar Polarity of Inner-Ear Sensory Hair Cells (2006)

In the mouse, Frizzled3 (Fz3) and Frizzled6 (Fz6) have been shown previously to control axonal growth and guidance in the CNS and hair patterning in the skin, respectively. Here, we report that Fz3 and Fz6 redundantly control neural tube closure and the planar orientation of hair bundles on a subset of auditory and vestibular sensory cells. In the inner ear, Fz3 and Fz6 proteins are localized to the lateral faces of sensory and supporting cells in all sensory epithelia in a pattern that correlates with the axis of planar polarity. Interestingly, the polarity of Fz6 localization with respect to the asymmetric position of the kinocilium is reversed between vestibular hair cells in the cristae of the semicircular canals and auditory hair cells in the organ of Corti. Vangl2, one of two mammalian homologs of the Drosophila planar cell polarity (PCP) gene van Gogh/Strabismus, is also required for correct hair bundle orientation on a subset of auditory sensory cells and on all vestibular sensory cells. In the inner ear of a Vangl2 mutant (Looptail; Lp), Fz3 and Fz6 proteins accumulate to normal levels but do not localize correctly at the cell surface. These results support the view that vertebrates and invertebrates use similar molecular mechanisms to control a wide variety of PCP-dependent developmental processes. This study also establishes the vestibular sensory epithelium as a tractable tissue for analyzing PCP, and it introduces the use of genetic mosaics for determining the absolute orientation of PCP proteins in mammals.
Therapeutic angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor supplementation for treatment of renal disease (2016)

The review discusses the preclinical data available for VEGF supplementation therapy in models of renal disease.
Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations (2011)

We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by high-volume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the life-time of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured—as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids—and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater than that of carbon dioxide, particularly over the time horizon of the first few decades following emission. Methane contributes substantially to the greenhouse gas footprint of shale gas on shorter time scales, dominating it on a 20-year time horizon. The footprint for shale gas is greater than that for conventional gas or oil when viewed on any time horizon, but particularly so over 20 years. Compared to coal, the footprint of shale gas is at least 20% greater and perhaps more than twice as great on the 20-year horizon and is comparable when compared over 100 years.
Intraocular lens power calculation after corneal refractive surgery: Double-K method (2003)

Double-K modification of the SRK/T formula improved the accuracy of IOL power calculation after LASIK and PRK.
The neurological manifestations of Nipah virus encephalitis, a novel paramyxovirus (1999)

A novel Hendra-like paramyxovirus named Nipah virus (NiV) was the cause of an outbreak among workers from one abattoir who had contact with pigs. Two patients had only respiratory symptoms, while 9 patients had encephalitis, 7 of whom are described in this report. Neurological involvement was diverse and multifocal, including aseptic meningitis, diffuse encephalitis, and focal brainstem involvement. Cerebellar signs were relatively common. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain showed scattered lesions. IgM antibodies against Hendra virus (HeV) were present in the serum of all patients. Two patients recovered completely. Five had residual deficits 8 weeks later.
The effects of retinol onin vitroimmunoglobulin synthesis by cord blood and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1993)

In this study we examined the effects of retinol (ROH), a metabolic precursor of retinoic acid (RA), on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-induced immunoglobulin synthesis of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ROH augmented SAC-induced IgM synthesis of CBMC by 5.9 +/- 1.5-fold (n = 7, mean +/- s.d.), and IgG synthesis of adult PBMC by 16.3 +/- 5.1-fold (n = 3) at optimal concentrations of 10(-6) M and 10(-11) M, respectively. No augmenting effects could be demonstrated for the other immunoglobulin isotypes. Time-course studies showed that the synthesis of IgM by CBMC was accelerated with detectable immunoglobulin in supernatant fluids starting on day 3. ROH augmented immunoglobulin synthesis of CBMC stimulated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a T cell-independent polyclonal activator, and of EBV-transformed B cell clones (2.5 +/- 0.2 and 4.1 +/- 1.5-fold increase, respectively), which suggests that ROH can act directly on B cells to enhance immunoglobulin synthesis. In contrast, when ROH was preincubated with cord blood T cells, washed and added to the B cell-enriched fraction with SAC, no increase (0.9-1.8-fold) in IgM synthesis was obtained. Thus, the principal mechanism(s) by which ROH augments immunoglobulin synthesis is by acting on B cells. This is in contrast to the immunoglobulin-enhancing effects of RA which is mediated by T cells, or T cell products, e.g. cytokine. Our studies suggest that RA and ROH may have different pathways of immunoglobulin-enhancing effects, perhaps mediated by different retinoid binding proteins resulting in gene activation and immunoglobulin synthesis.
InGaN-BASED LASER DIODES (1998)

▪ Abstract Continuous-wave operation of InGaN multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure laser diodes (LDs) has been demonstrated at room temperature with output power up to 50 mW, operating temperature up to 100°C, emission wavelength of 400–420 nm, and a lifetime up to 300 h. InGaN MQW LDs with a lifetime of more than 1000 h are expected soon. Commercialization will begin in 1998 if research on the bluish-purple InGaN-based laser diodes continues to progress. The stimulated emission of the InGaN-based LDs originates from localized energy states of 100–250 meV depth, which are equivalent to quantum dot energy states, probably arising from from InGaN composition fluctuation in the InGaN well layers.