gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opportunistic media access for multirate ad hoc networks (2002)

The IEEE 802.11 wireless media access standard supports multiple data rates at the physical layer. Moreover, various auto rate adaptation mechanisms at the medium access layer have been proposed to utilize this multi-rate capability by automatically adapting the transmission rate to best match the channel conditions. In this paper, we introduce the Opportunistic Auto Rate (OAR) protocol to better exploit durations of high-quality channels conditions. The key mechanism of the OAR protocol is to opportunistically send multiple back-to-back data packets whenever the channel quality is good. As channel coherence times typically exceed multiple packet transmission times for both mobile and non-mobile users, OAR achieves significant throughput gains as compared to state-of-the-art auto-rate adaptation mechanisms. Moreover, over longer time scales, OAR ensures that all nodes are granted channel access for the same time-shares as achieved by single-rate IEEE 802.11. We describe mechanisms to implement OAR on top of any existing auto-rate adaptation scheme in a nearly IEEE 802.11 compliant manner. We also analytically study OAR and characterize the gains in throughput as a function of the channel conditions. Finally, we perform an extensive set of ns-2 simulations to study the impact of such factors as node velocity, channel conditions, and topology on the throughput of OAR.
A role for the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex as a transmembrane linker between laminin and actin (1993)

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex was tested for interaction with several components of the extracellular matrix as well as actin. The 156-kD dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (156-kD dystroglycan) specifically bound laminin in a calcium-dependent manner and was inhibited by NaCl (IC50 = 250 mM) but was not affected by 1,000-fold (wt/wt) excesses of lactose, IKVAV, or YIGSR peptides. Laminin binding was inhibited by heparin (IC50 = 100 micrograms/ml), suggesting that one of the heparin-binding domains of laminin is involved in binding dystroglycan while negatively charged oligosaccharide moieties on dystroglycan were found to be necessary for its laminin-binding activity. No interaction between any component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and fibronectin, collagen I, collagen IV, entactin, or heparan sulfate proteoglycan was detected by 125I-protein overlay and/or extracellular matrix protein-Sepharose precipitation. In addition, laminin-Sepharose quantitatively precipitated purified dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, demonstrating that the laminin-binding site is accessible when dystroglycan is associated with the complex. Dystroglycan of nonmuscle tissues also bound laminin. However, the other proteins of the striated muscle dystrophin-glycoprotein complex appear to be absent, antigenically dissimilar or less tightly associated with dystroglycan in nonmuscle tissues. Finally, we show that the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex cosediments with F-actin but does not bind calcium or calmodulin. Our results support a role for the striated muscle dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in linking the actin-based cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, our results suggest that dystrophin and dystroglycan may play substantially different functional roles in nonmuscle tissues.
Si-Based Resonant Interband Tunnel Diode/CMOS Integrated Memory Circuit (2006)

The development of Si-based tunneling-based static random access memory (TSRAM) has been described. This multi-institutional research endeavor has successfully demonstrated for the first time an integrated TSRAM that utilizes Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) and conventional NMOS. The memory cell exhibits a bistable latching operation at a low power supply voltage below 0.5 V. The key to success in the tunnel diode-based novel memory research at RIT is mutual collaboration between the institutions from the universities, government, and industry, which provides a hotbed for technological innovations and creativity.
Humanized mice with ectopic artificial liver tissues (2011)

"Humanized" mice offer a window into aspects of human physiology that are otherwise inaccessible. The best available methods for liver humanization rely on cell transplantation into immunodeficient mice with liver injury but these methods have not gained widespread use due to the duration and variability of hepatocyte repopulation. In light of the significant progress that has been achieved in clinical cell transplantation through tissue engineering, we sought to develop a humanized mouse model based on the facile and ectopic implantation of a tissue-engineered human liver. These human ectopic artificial livers (HEALs) stabilize the function of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes through juxtacrine and paracrine signals in polymeric scaffolds. In contrast to current methods, HEALs can be efficiently established in immunocompetent mice with normal liver function. Mice transplanted with HEALs exhibit humanized liver functions persistent for weeks, including synthesis of human proteins, human drug metabolism, drug-drug interaction, and drug-induced liver injury. Here, mice with HEALs are used to predict the disproportionate metabolism and toxicity of "major" human metabolites using multiple routes of administration and monitoring. These advances may enable manufacturing of reproducible in vivo models for diverse drug development and research applications.
Clinical Implications for Breath‐Powered Powder Sumatriptan Intranasal Treatment (2013)

The acute treatment of migraine requires matching patient need to drug and formulation. In particular, nausea and vomiting, quick time to peak intensity, and the common gastroparesis of migraineurs, all call for a variety of non-oral formulations for treatment of attacks. A novel breath-powered powder sumatriptan intranasal treatment offers an improvement, at least in pharmacokinetics, over conventional liquid nasal sumatriptan spray. The device for delivery in this breath-powered nasal sumatriptan uses natural nose anatomy to close the soft palate and propel the sumatriptan high up in the nasal cavity on one side with bidirectional airflow coming out the other side. This approach has the potential to reduce adverse events and improve efficacy. Phase 3 data on this system are in press at the time of this writing and results appear promising. The clinical role for a fast acting non-oral nasal formulation will be in those for whom tablets are bound to fail, that is, in the setting of nausea and vomiting or when the time to central sensitization, allodynia, and disabling migraine is too short for the patient to respond to a tablet. This review provides a clinical perspective on the breath-powered powder sumatriptan intranasal treatment.
Fluorometric Assay for DNA Polymerases and Reverse Transcriptase (1996)

We report a quick, easy and inexpensive fluorometric assay that measures the activity of replication enzymes using Pico-GreenTM. The systems tested include replication of the natural template M13 Gori by E. coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and the replication of a synthetic homopolymer by human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase. A direct comparison of the fluorometric assay with the conventional isotopic assay shows that the fluorometric assay accurately reflects the extent of replication. By performing the assay reactions directly in 96-well plates and using a fluorescence plate reader to determine the extent of reaction, the time required to measure replication activities is significantly shortened.
Activatable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents for Myeloperoxidase Sensing: Mechanism of Activation, Stability, and Toxicity (2009)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in many inflammatory diseases, particularly cardiovascular and neurological diseases. MPO-specific imaging agents would thus be highly useful to diagnose early disease, monitor disease progression, and quantify treatment effects. This study reports in vitro and in vivo characterizations of the mechanism of interaction between MPO and paramagnetic enzyme substrates based on physical and biological measurements. We show that these agents are activated through a radical mechanism, which can combine to form oligomers and, in the presence of tyrosine-containing peptide, bind to proteins. We further identified two new imaging agents, which represent the near extremes in either oligomerization (mono-5HT-DTPA-Gd) or protein-binding in their activation mechanism (bis-o-dianisidine-DTPA-Gd). On the other hand, we found that the agent bis-5HT-DTPA-Gd utilizes both mechanisms when activated. These properties yield distinct in vivo pharmacokinetics profiles for each of these agents that may be exploited for different applications. Specificity studies show that only MPO, but not eosinophil peroxidase, can highly activate these agents, and that MPO activity as low as 0.005 U/mg of tissue can be detected. Gd kinetic lability and cytotoxicity studies further confirm stability of the Gd ion and low toxicity for the 5HT-based agents, suggesting that these agents are suitable for translational in vivo studies.
A Parallel Hardware Architecture for Scale and Rotation Invariant Feature Detection (2008)

This paper proposes a parallel hardware architecture for image feature detection based on the scale invariant feature transform algorithm and applied to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. The work also proposes specific hardware optimizations considered fundamental to embed such a robotic control system on-a-chip. The proposed architecture is completely stand-alone; it reads the input data directly from a CMOS image sensor and provides the results via a field-programmable gate array coupled to an embedded processor. The results may either be used directly in an on-chip application or accessed through an Ethernet connection. The system is able to detect features up to 30 frames per second (320times240 pixels) and has accuracy similar to a PC-based implementation. The achieved system performance is at least one order of magnitude better than a PC-based solution, a result achieved by investigating the impact of several hardware-orientated optimizations on performance, area and accuracy.
The role of IL-6 in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. (2006)

Regular exercise offers protection against all cause mortality and there is evidence from randomised intervention studies that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases, type 2 diabetes and symptoms related to the metabolic syndrome. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer are associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. It has been demonstrated that regular exercise induces anti-inflammatory effects with elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of TNF-alpha production. Thereby, exercise offers protection against TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance. Otherwise, the exercise-induced production and release of IL-6 from myofibers may contribute to abrogate an atherogenic lipid profile, which is often associated with chronic diseases. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and how this may contribute to mediate the beneficial health effects of exercise training in patients with chronic diseases associated with chronic low-grade inflammation.
Methotrexate versus azathioprine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A forty‐eight–week randomized, double‐blind trial (1991)

We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial comparing azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in whom parenteral gold and/or D-penicillamine treatment had been unsuccessful. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either AZA (100 mg daily) or oral MTX (7.5 mg weekly). After 8 weeks, the dosage was increased depending on the clinical improvement. Sixty-four patients were followed up for 48 weeks (33 AZA, 31 MTX). Comparison of values at week 24 with baseline values revealed significant improvement in 12 of 13 disease variables in the MTX group and in 6 of 13 in the AZA group. Comparison between the 2 treatment groups at 24 weeks, by area-under-the-curve analysis, showed significantly more improvement in the MTX group in terms of the swollen joint count, pain score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein level, hemoglobin level, thrombocyte level, and disease activity score. A significant overall clinical improvement (disease activity score) was found in 7 of 20 patients treated with AZA and 18 of 30 patients treated with MTX after 24 weeks of therapy, and in 6 of 12 AZA-treated patients and 19 of 25 MTX-treated patients after 48 weeks. The number of withdrawals due to side effects was significantly higher in the AZA group. After 48 weeks, only 12 patients from the AZA group (36%), but 25 from the MTX group (81%), were still using the initial drug. These results demonstrate MTX to be superior to AZA in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, with a more rapid clinical improvement which is sustained after 1 year, accompanied by a lower rate of serious adverse reactions.
Influence of Threonine Metabolism on S -Adenosylmethionine and Histone Methylation (2012)

Threonine is the only amino acid critically required for the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We found that threonine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism are coupled in pluripotent stem cells, resulting in regulation of histone methylation. Isotope labeling of mESCs revealed that threonine provides a substantial fraction of both the cellular glycine and the acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) needed for SAM synthesis. Depletion of threonine from the culture medium or threonine dehydrogenase (Tdh) from mESCs decreased accumulation of SAM and decreased trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), leading to slowed growth and increased differentiation. Thus, abundance of SAM appears to influence H3K4me3, providing a possible mechanism by which modulation of a metabolic pathway might influence stem cell fate.
RESIDUAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE PEELING (2013)

Internal limiting membrane is frequently still present after ERM peeling. Staining with brilliant blue G facilitates its identification.
Key Compression for Isogeny-Based Cryptosystems (2016)

We present a method for key compression in quantumresistant isogeny-based cryptosystems, which allows a reduction in and transmission costs of per-party public information by a factor of two, with no e ect on security. We achieve this reduction by associating a canonical choice of elliptic curve to each j-invariant, and representing elements on the curve as linear combinations with respect to a canonical choice of basis. This method of compressing public information can be applied to numerous isogeny-based protocols, such as key exchange, zero-knowledge identi cation, and public-key encryption. We performed personal computer and ARM implementations of the key exchange with compression and decompression in C and provided timing results, showing the computational cost of key compression and decompression at various security levels. Our results show that isogeny-based cryptosystems achieve by far the smallest possible key sizes among all existing families of post-quantum cryptosystems at practical security levels; e.g. 3073-bit public keys at the quantum 128-bit security level, comparable to (non-quantum) RSA key sizes.
Associations of Personal and Family Preeclampsia History With the Risk of Early-, Intermediate- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia (2013)

Preeclampsia encompasses multiple conditions of varying severity. We examined the recurrence and familial aggregation of preeclampsia by timing of onset, which is a marker for severity. We ascertained personal and family histories of preeclampsia for women who delivered live singletons in Denmark in 1978-2008 (almost 1.4 million pregnancies). Using log-linear binomial regression, we estimated risk ratios for the associations between personal and family histories of preeclampsia and the risk of early-onset (before 34 weeks of gestation, which is typically the most severe), intermediate-onset (at 34-36 weeks of gestation), and late-onset (after 36 weeks of gestation) preeclampsia. Previous early-, intermediate-, or late-onset preeclampsia increased the risk of recurrent preeclampsia with the same timing of onset 25.2 times (95% confidence interval (CI): 21.8, 29.1), 19.7 times (95% CI: 17.0, 22.8), and 10.3 times (95% CI: 9.85, 10.9), respectively, compared with having no such history. Preeclampsia in a woman's family was associated with a 24%-163% increase in preeclampsia risk, with the strongest associations for early- and intermediate-onset preeclampsia in female relatives. Preeclampsia in the man's family did not affect a woman's risk of early-onset preeclampsia and was only weakly associated with her risks of intermediate- and late-onset preeclampsia. Early-onset preeclampsia appears to have the largest genetic component, whereas environmental factors likely contribute most to late-onset preeclampsia. The role of paternal genes in the etiology of preeclampsia appears to be limited.
Lenalidomide Enhances Natural Killer Cell and Monocyte-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity of Rituximab-Treated CD20+ Tumor Cells (2008)

These findings suggest that lenalidomide has the potential to enhance the rituximab-induced killing of NHL cell lines and primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via a NK cell-mediated and monocyte-mediated ADCC mechanism in vitro, providing a strong rationale for the combination of lenalidomide with IgG1 antibodies to target tumor-specific antigens in patients with cancer.
DNAzymes for sensing, nanobiotechnology and logic gate applications (2008)

Catalytic nucleic acids (DNAzymes or ribozymes) are selected by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment process (SELEX). The catalytic functions of DNAzymes or ribozymes allow their use as amplifying labels for the development of optical or electronic sensors. The use of catalytic nucleic acids for amplified biosensing was accomplished by designing aptamer-DNAzyme conjugates that combine recognition units and amplifying readout units as in integrated biosensing materials. Alternatively, "DNA machines" that activate enzyme cascades and yield DNAzymes were tailored, and the systems led to the ultrasensitive detection of DNA. DNAzymes are also used as active components for constructing nanostructures such as aggregated nanoparticles and for the activation of logic gate operations that perform computing.
Synthesis and characterisation of neutral and cationic alkyl aluminium complexes bearing N,O-Schiff base chelates with pendant donor arms (2002)

The Schiff base ligands [3,5-But2-2-(OH)C6H2CHNL] [L = CH2CH2NMe2 (1a), 2-(PhO)C6H4 (1b), 2-CH2C5H3N (1c), 8-C9H6N (quinoline) (1d) and 2-(PPh2)C6H4 (1e)] are accessed in good yields (>85%) via standard imine condensation reactions. Reaction of 1a–e with Me3Al at room temperature affords the corresponding complexes [(3,5-But2-2-(O)C6H2CHNL)AlMe2] (2a–e); in the case of L = 8-quinoline, the same reaction conducted in refluxing toluene affords binuclear {[3,5-But2-2-(O)C6H2CHMeN-8-C9H6N]AlMe}2 (3) by methyl migration from metal to ligand. Further reaction of the dimethyl compounds with B(C6F5)3 in CD2Cl2 or C6D6 affords the cationic systems [(3,5-But2-2-(O)C6H2CHNL)AlMe]+ (4a–e). The crystal structures of 2a, 2c, 2e and 3 have been determined. In 2a and 2c the respective ligands bind to the metal centre via all three heteroatoms, the aluminium having a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, whereas in 2e coordination is via nitrogen and oxygen only, and the aluminium is tetrahedral. Complex 3 has a dimeric structure with the ligand adopting both tridentate and binucleating roles; the aluminium centres are trigonal bipyramidal.
D-4F Induces Heme Oxygenase-1 and Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase, Decreases Endothelial Cell Sloughing, and Improves Vascular Reactivity in Rat Model of Diabetes (2005)

We conclude that an increase in circulating endothelial cell sloughing, superoxide anion, and vasoconstriction in diabetic rats can be prevented by administration of D-4F, which is associated with an increase in 2 antioxidant proteins, HO-1 and EC-SOD.
A beam-modulated time-of-flight mass spectrometer. I. Theoretical considerations (1973)

The theory of a beam modulation technique, hitherto not used in time-of-flight mass spectrometry, is presented. Salient features of this technique are: firstly, resolution is independent of mass; secondly, resolution is independent of the location where the ions are initially formed; and thirdly, resolution is proportional to the square of the length of the drift space.
Regulation of the Immune Response to Hepatitis B Virus and Human Serum Albumin. III. Induction of Anti‐Albumin Antibody Secretion In Vitro by C‐Gene‐Derived Proteins in Peripheral B Cells from Chronic Carriers of HBsAg (1992)

The circulatory pool of B cells from the majority (11/13) of chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers contained sensitized B cells with the capacity to secrete IgG antibodies with specificity for human serum albumin (HSA), when stimulated with E. coli-derived core protein at low concentrations in vitro. The IgG anti-HSA secretion was dependent upon and regulated by T cells, and optimal secretion was obtained at T/B-cell ratios of 1.0-4.0, varying for different individuals. The level of anti-HSA secretion was higher for patients with on-going viral replication as assessed by hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA in serum. Culture supernatants containing anti-HSA antibodies also contained anti-HBc antibodies, as detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) where the solid phase was charged with E. coli-derived core protein, or the synthetic peptides corresponding to the 75-84 and 132-147 sequences in the C region of HBV. In contrast, IgG anti-HBc (E. coli-derived), but no anti-HSA or anti-HBc 75-84, 132-147 antibodies, were detected at similar T/B-cell ratios in cell cultures from 5/6 individuals with naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis B. These data indicate that peripheral B cells from the majority of HB-immune donors are sensitized to unique (e.g. non-albumin associated) structures in the nucleocapsid of HBV, while B cells in the majority of chronic HBsAg carriers are sensitized to linear C-gene-derived structures in association with the host 'self'-component HSA.
Spontaneous Organization of Single CdTe Nanoparticles into Luminescent Nanowires (2002)

Nanoparticles of CdTe were found to spontaneously reorganize into crystalline nanowires upon controlled removal of the protective shell of organic stabilizer. The intermediate step in the nanowire formation was found to be pearl-necklace aggregates. Strong dipole-dipole interaction is believed to be the driving force of nanoparticle self-organization. The linear aggregates subsequently recrystallized into nanowires whose diameter was determined by the diameter of the nanoparticles. The produced nanowires have high aspect ratio, uniformity, and optical activity. These findings demonstrate the collective behavior of nanoparticles as well as a convenient, simple technique for production of one-dimensional semiconductor colloids suitable for subsequent processing into quantum-confined superstructures, materials, and devices.
Abolition of DNA recognition site resistance to the restriction endonuclease EcoRII. (1988)

The EcoRII recognition sites 5'-CCATGG-3' which occur three times in T3 DNA are refractory to this restriction endonuclease. However, these sites are specifically cleaved by EcoRII when a second, susceptible DNA species (pBR 322, phage lambda) is present.