gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Nuclear‐Envelope Nucleoside Triphosphatase by Poly(A)‐rich mRNA and by Microtubule Protein (1982)

Nuclear envelopes contain a nucleoside triphosphatase which is thought to be involved in the supply of energy for nucleo‐cytoplasmic RNA transport. This enzyme is stimulated most efficiently by poly(A) and to a lesser extent by poly(G) and poly(dT). Half‐maximal stimulation of the enzyme from rat liver nuclei, which was associated with the poly(A)‐specific endoribonuclease IV and was free from poly(A) polymerase and endoribonuclease V activity, was determined to occur at a concentration of 1.1 × 10 6 poly(A) molecules/nuclear ghost. Double‐reciprocal plot analyses revealed a 2.8‐fold stimulation of the enzyme by poly(A). Poly(A) in the hybrid form had no influence on the activity of the nucleoside triphosphatase. Stimulation by oligo(A) required a minimum chain length of 18 nucleotide units. Naturally occurring RNA species enhanced the nucleoside triphosphatase activity, provided that they contained a poly(A) segment. Using poly(A)‐rich mRNA, half‐maximal stimulation was determined to proceed at 0.5 × 10 6 molecules/nuclear ghost. Removal of the poly(A) segment from mRNA abolished the stimulatory effect on the enzyme. Microtubule protein was found to inhibit the nucleoside triphosphatase efficiently. At a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml, polymerized microtubule protein reduced the enzyme activity by 96%. Dimeric tubulin was less inhibitory, while actin was without any significant effect. From these findings it is suggested that a possible nucleoside‐triphosphatase‐mediated transport of poly(A)‐rich mRNA through nuclear envelopes is controlled, first, by the poly(A) segment of this RNA species and, secondly, by cytoplasmic microtubules.
New, Delayed Borate-Crosslinked Fluid Provides Improved Fracture Conductivity in High-Temperature Applications (1991)

ABSTRACT Moderate to high-temperature reservoirs frequently require hydraulic fracturing stimulation to be effectively produced. Temperature-stable viscosified fluids are needed to successfully execute treatments in these harsh downhole environments. The evolution of high-temperature fracturing fluids has led to the use of organometallic-crosslinked, aqueous-based guar or derivative guar gels. These fluids yield high viscosities for long periods of time at elevated temperatures and have received widespread application. Unfortunately, several recent studies illustrated that organometallic-crosslinked fluids can cause significant damage to the permeability of the proppant pack. An industry consortium reported that the proppant pack permeability damage is often greater than 80% when these fluids are applied. Damage of this magnitude dramatically reduces the effectiveness of the stimulation treatment. Delayed breaker systems, recently introduced to reduce the permeability damage, have limited applicability at temperatures greater than 200°F and, where applicable, greatly increase treatment costs. A guar-based fluid utilizing a new, organically-complexed borate crosslinking system has recently been developed. Laboratory evaluations of this new system demonstrate superior rheological properties at temperatures exceeding 300° F. More significantly, the new fluid has been observed to be much less damaging to the proppant pack permeability than conventional organometallic-crosslinked fluids. Retained permeabilities greater than 85% have been observed, without breaker, at 250°F. The rheological, proppant transport, fluid loss and retained proppant pack permeability performance of the high-temperature borate-crosslinked fluid are described and compared to conventional fluids. Field case histories are provided to support the laboratory data.
Fiber-optic Bragg grating strain sensor with drift-compensated high-resolution interferometric wavelength-shift detection (1993)

The operation of a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor system that uses interferometric determination of strain-induced wavelength shifts and incorporates a reference channel to compensate for random thermal-induced drift in the output is described. This system is shown to be capable of resolving sub-microstrain changes in the quasi-static strain applied to a grating and has a resolution of ~6 x 10(-3) microstrain/ radicalHz at a strain perturbation frequency of 1 Hz.
Management of a dehisced abdominal wound with VAC therapy (2004)

The management of large cavity wounds has always posed particular challenges for nurses and clinicians. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2001) suggests that the number of difficult-to-heal surgical wounds may increase in the future and that increased knowledge and expertise should be available across primary and secondary care. Recent research into wound healing has tended to focus on the biology of wound healing and manipulation of the healing processes with new dressings technology and other clinical and cost-effective treatments. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is an innovation that is being given increasing attention. In Northampton, one patient nursed in the community setting has recently benefited from the technology to accelerate healing of a deep abdominal cavity. This article considers the historical management of cavity wounds and presents a case study. The feelings of the patient and the experiences of the district nurses in overcoming management problems are discussed. The case has proved to be the catalyst for a collaborative initiative across primary and secondary care services to ensure that all patients requiring the treatment are able to receive it in the community setting as well as in the hospital, when they are ready for discharge. It is recognized in Northampton that there are several applications for VAC in wound management and that the treatment has many benefits for patients and for those managing finite NHS resources.
Classification of EEG signals using MLP based on categorical and dimensional perceptions of emotions (2013)

Emotions are frequently studied based on two approaches; categorical and dimensional. In this study, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was employed to classify four affective states as posited from these approaches. It was observed that emotional states viewed from the dimensional perspective are well discriminated using memory test. In addition to that, the dynamic for each of the four emotions were also presented, in which it was also indicated that an emotional state does not occur abruptly.
Strand Invasion of Mixed-Sequence, Double-Helical B-DNA by γ-Peptide Nucleic Acids Containing G-Clamp Nucleobases under Physiological Conditions (2011)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) make up the only class of nucleic acid mimics developed to date that has been shown to be capable of invading double-helical B-form DNA. Recently, we showed that sequence limitation associated with PNA recognition can be relaxed by utilizing conformationally preorganized γ-peptide nucleic acids (γPNAs). However, like all the previous studies, with the exception of triplex binding, DNA strand invasion was performed at relatively low salt concentrations. When physiological ionic strengths were used, little to no binding was observed. On the basis of this finding, it was not clear whether the lack of binding is due to the lack of base pair opening or the lack of binding free energy, either of which would result in no productive binding. In this work, we show that it is the latter. Under simulated physiological conditions, the DNA double helix is sufficiently dynamic to permit strand invasion by the designer oligonucleotide molecules provided that the required binding free energy can be met. This finding has important implications for the design oligonucleotides for recognition of B-DNA via direct Watson-Crick base pairing.
Induction of Polyclonal Prostate Cancer-Specific CTL Using Dendritic Cells Transfected with Amplified Tumor RNA (2001)

Polyvalent cancer vaccines targeting the entire antigenic spectrum on tumor cells may represent a superior therapeutic strategy for cancer patients than vaccines solely directed against single Ags. In this study, we show that autologous dendritic cells (DC) transfected with RNA amplified from microdissected tumor cells are capable of stimulating CTL against a broad set of unidentified and critical prostate-specific Ags. Although the polyclonal CTL responses generated with amplified tumor RNA-transfected DC encompassed as a subcomponent a response against prostate-specific Ag (PSA) as well as against telomerase reverse transcriptase, the tumor-specific CTL were consistently more effective than PSA or telomerase reverse transcriptase CTL to lyse tumor targets, suggesting the superiority of the polyclonal response. Although tumor RNA-transfected DC stimulated CTL, which recognized not only tumor but also self-Ags expressed by benign prostate tissue, these cross-reactive CTL were exclusively specific for the PSA, indicating an immunodominant role of PSA in the prostate cancer-specific immune response. Our data suggest that tumor RNA-transfected DC may represent a broadly applicable, potentially clinically effective vaccine strategy for prostate cancer patients, which is not limited by tumor tissue availability for Ag preparation and may minimize the risk of clonal tumor escape.
Genomic microarrays in human genetic disease and cancer (2003)

Alterations in the genome that lead to changes in DNA sequence copy number are a characteristic of solid tumors and are found in association with developmental abnormalities and/or mental retardation. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can be used to detect and map these changes. Recent improvements in the resolution and sensitivity of CGH have been possible through implementation of microarray-based CGH (array CGH). Here we discuss the performance characteristics of different array platforms and review some of the recent applications of array CGH in cancer and medical genetics.
LiF as an n‐Dopant in Tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) Aluminum Thin Films (2008)

Facile non-alkaline n-doping of Alq3with LiF is achieved by co-evaporation. Optimal doping not only leads to enhanced device currents and conductivity, but also changes the very nature of carrier injection and transport. Using this scheme, efficient electron injection is achieved without using low-work-function cathodes. A doped transport layer (see figure) inOL EDs leads to balanced injection andtransport of charge carriers and resultsin excellent device performance.
M Protein-Associated Adherence of Streptococcus pyogenes to Epithelial Surfaces: Prerequisite for Virulence (1972)

Virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes containing M protein were found to adhere well to human cheek epithelial cells in vitro, whereas an avirulent M − mutant strain adhered feebly. Pretreatment of M + strains with trypsin to remove their M protein surface coating or reacting them with type-specific antiserum markedly impaired their abilities to attach to epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed that the attachment of an M + strain to germfree rat epithelial cells was mediated by a fuzzy surface structure previously shown to contain M protein. When mixtures of streptomycin-resistant M + and M − strains were introduced into the mouths of mice, the proportions of the M + strain increased on tongue and cheek surfaces relative to its M − mutant. These data indicate that the surface fuzz of S. pyogenes which contains M protein functions in the attachment of the organism to epithelial surfaces, thereby permitting its colonization.
State-of-the-Art Overview of Boiling and Two-Phase Flows in Microchannels (2006)

A state-of-the-art overview of recent work on boiling and two-phase flows in microchannels are reviewed, focusing primarily on the high points of recent developments. The topics covered include critical heat fluxes and their prediction in microchannels, new two-phase flow pattern maps, flow regimes and visualization in microchannels, boiling phenomena and flow instabilities in multi-microchannel cooling elements, flow boiling prediction methods specifically for microchannels and their comparison to data, trends in flow boiling data in microchannels and mechanisms that may be responsible for the seemingly divergent trends, and two-phase pressure drops in microchannels.
The Effect on Familiar Mobile Device and Usage Time on Creating Perceptions Towards Mobile Services (2005)

The adoption patterns for new technology such as mobile services are essential to understand for developing them further. Hence, it is important to study how willing people are to try new mobile services and do "facilitating" conditions have an effect on the consumers' adoption readiness. This study analyses how the mobile devices and the initial trial time used effect the initial mobile service usage experience and how this experience affects the likelihood of continuous usage. We will argue that the duration of the trial does not effect consumers' perceptions about mobile services when first trying them out, but familiarization of the device used has an impact on experience. We will go through the theoretical aspects of adoption of new technologies and specific aspects of the mobile business and present results from the field trial conducted last summer. The theoretical and practical implications are presented at the end of this paper.
Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption (2016)

Since the first version of this review was published, the current evidence provides more robust support for the previous conclusions that the introduction of a legislative smoking ban does lead to improved health outcomes through reduction in SHS for countries and their populations. The clearest evidence is observed in reduced admissions for acute coronary syndrome. There is evidence of reduced mortality from smoking-related illnesses at a national level. There is inconsistent evidence of an impact on respiratory and perinatal health outcomes, and on smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption.
Characteristics of human optic gliomas in tissue culture (1977)

Nine human optic gliomas were examined in tissue culture. Typically, growth from the explants revealed well differentiated bipolar cells with abundant 9 to 10 nm fibers similar to those observed in the surgical specimens. Multinucleation was rare except for one culture, which had as many as 20 nuclei arranged in a palisading fashion along the periphery of some of the cells. Degenerative changes of the 9 to 10 nm fiber bundles with the production of amorphous electron-dense deposits were observed both in vivo and in vitro, and were thought to represent the formation of Rosenthal fibers. A distinctive feature of some of the optic gliomas was the ability of their long, thin cellular process to form fibrous tangles in tissue culture. The correlation of these fibrous tangles in culture with Rosenthal fibers in vivo is still uncertain.
Isolation and Sequence of an Interferon-τ-Inducible, Pregnancy- and Bovine Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 (ISG15)-Specific, Bovine Ubiquitin-Activating E1-Like (UBE1L) Enzyme1 (2004)

Bovine (bov) interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) is produced in the endometrium in response to conceptus-secreted interferon (IFN)-tau. ISG15 conjugates to endometrial proteins through an enzymatic pathway that is similar to ubiquitinylation. Ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1-like protein (UBE1L) initiates enzymatic conjugation by forming a thioester bond with ISG15, thus preparing it for transfer to the next series of enzymes. The bovUBE1L has not been described. We hypothesized that bovUBE1L was induced by pregnancy and IFN-tau in the endometrium. A 110-kDa protein was purified from bovine endometrial (BEND) cells based on affinity with recombinant (r) glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ISG15. This protein was digested in gel with trypsin. Seven peptides were purified using HPLC, sequenced using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy-mass spectroscopy and found to share 43-100% identity with human UBE1L. The full-length bovUBE1L cDNA was isolated from a BEND cell cDNA library, sequenced, and found to share 83% identity with human UBE1L cDNA. Northern blot revealed two mRNAs that were detected in greater (P<0.05) concentrations in endometrium from Day 17-21 pregnant versus nonpregnant cows. Western blots using antihuman UBE1L antibody revealed a similar pattern of pregnancy-associated expression of UBE1L protein in the uterus. The bovUBE1L mRNA was localized, using in situ hybridization, primarily to glandular and luminal epithelium, with more diffuse localization to stroma of the endometrium from pregnant cows. Because bovUBE1L was purified through its interaction with rGST-ISG15 and shares significant amino acid and cDNA sequence identity with human UBE1L, it is concluded that it mediates conjugation of ISG15 to uterine proteins in response to the developing and attaching conceptus.
Management and results of sciatic nerve injuries: a 24-year experience (1998)

Surgical exploration and, when necessary, repair of sciatic nerve injuries is worthwhile in selected cases.
Jaks, STATs, Cytokines, and Sepsis (2002)

Sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (68), affecting more than 500,000 patients per year in the United States (39). The incidence is increasing despite the major advances in the development of antimicrobial agents and other supportive treatments (56). Septic patients often succumb to a systemic inflammatory response, of which multiple organ failure is a main complication. There is no definitive treatment for multiple organ failure other than supportive treatment, such as assisted ventilation or renal dialysis. Research efforts now heavily focus on the mechanisms of multiple organ failure, with the hope that treatment options can be identified through a better understanding of these mechanisms. One current theory implicates an inappropriate cytokine response as the main protagonist in the development of multiple organ failure following an inflammatory stimulus (35, 48). Cytokines are low-molecular-weight polypeptides or glycoproteins that regulate numerous cellular functions and allow both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Cytokines regulate many of the pathways involved in the host inflammatory response to sepsis. They influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and activation and modulate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses to allow the host to react appropriately to pathogens. The binding of a cytokine to a corresponding receptor initiates intracellular signal cascades, ultimately leading to changes in gene expression. These signals must rapidly transduce an extracellular signal to the nucleus. The Janus-kinase/ signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway is employed in the signaling of many cytokines. Cytokine receptors do not, in general, have intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and therefore require association with receptor-associated kinases in order to propagate a phosphorylation cascade. Jaks fulfill this function by their ability to associate with many of the cytokine receptors that are involved in regulatory pathways during a sepsis response. Cytokines bind to their receptors and cause receptor dimerization. This enables Jaks to phosphorylate each other as well as the cytokine receptors. Cytokine receptor phosphorylation allows binding of STATs via a specific binding domain. Once bound to the receptor, STATs are also phosphorylated by Jaks. STATs then dissociate from the receptors and dimerize. Dimerization enables translocation of STAT into the nucleus and binding to DNA in order to alter transcription (Fig. 1). Four Jaks and seven STATs have been identified to date in mammalian cells. Multiple Jaks and STATs, as well as the ability of STATs to homoor hetero-dimerize, allow for cytokine-specific cellular responses (47). This minireview describes a number of important cytokines involved in regulating the inflammatory response to sepsis, the importance of the Jak/STAT pathways, and how these pathways are regulated.
Ultra-compact polarization rotation in integrated silicon photonics using digital metamaterials (2017)

Polarization controlling devices such as polarization splitters and rotators are critical elements in integrated-photonic circuits that function via polarization-diversity schemes. Here, we present the design of an ultra-compact nanophotonic-polarization rotator (NPR) that rotates the polarization state from TE to TM with a simulated extinction ratio of 23dB over a coupling length of 5µm and an operating bandwidth of 40nm. This all-silicon device can be fabricated in a single lithography step and we have fabricated and characterized a preliminary device exhibiting 9dB extinction ratio. To emphasize the generality of our methodology, we also designed a NPR that can rotate the polarization state from TM to TE as well. A small device footprint is enabled by the evanescent coupling of guided modes enabled by computationally designed digital metamaterials.
D4.3 Final Report on Network-Level Solutions (2015)

Research activities in METIS reported in this document focus on proposing solutions &#13;\nto the network-level challenges of future wireless communication networks. Thereby, a large variety of scenarios is considered and a set of technical concepts is proposed to serve the needs envisioned for the 2020 and beyond. &#13;\nThis document provides the final findings on several network-level aspects and groups of &#13;\nsolutions that are considered essential for designing future 5G solutions. Specifically, it &#13;\nelaborates on:&#13;\n-Interference management and resource allocation schemes&#13;\n-Mobility management and robustness enhancements &#13;\n-Context aware approaches&#13;\n-D2D and V2X mechanisms&#13;\n-Technology components focused on clustering&#13;\n-Dynamic reconfiguration enablers&#13;\nThese novel network-level technology concepts are evaluated against requirements defined &#13;\nby METIS for future 5G systems. Moreover, functional enablers which can support the &#13;\nsolutions mentioned aboveare proposed.&#13;\nWe find that the network level solutions and technology components developed during the course of METIS complement the lower layer technology components and thereby effectively contribute to meeting 5G requirements and targets.
Microdomains of High Calcium Are Not Required for Exocytosis in Rbl-2h3 Mucosal Mast Cells (2001)

We have previously shown that store-associated microdomains of high Ca(2+) are not essential for exocytosis in RBL-2H3 mucosal mast cells. We have now examined whether Ca(2+) microdomains near the plasma membrane are required, by comparing the secretory responses seen when Ca(2+) influx was elicited by two very different mechanisms. In the first, antigen was used to activate the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) current (I(CRAC)) through CRAC channels. In the second, a Ca(2+) ionophore was used to transport Ca(2+) randomly across the plasma membrane. Since store depletion by Ca(2+) ionophore will also activate I(CRAC), different means of inhibiting I(CRAC) before ionophore addition were used. Ca(2+) responses and secretion in individual cells were compared using simultaneous indo-1 microfluorometry and constant potential amperometry. Secretion still takes place when the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) occurs diffusely via the Ca(2+) ionophore, and at an average intracellular Ca(2)+ concentration that is no greater than that observed when Ca(2+) entry via CRAC channels triggers secretion. Our results suggest that microdomains of high Ca(2+) near the plasma membrane, or associated with mitochondria or Ca(2+) stores, are not required for secretion. Therefore, we conclude that modest global increases in intracellular Ca(2+) are sufficient for exocytosis in these nonexcitable cells.