gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium-hydrogen system. Efficient interface for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-hydrogen system. Efficient interface for gas chromatography-mass spectrometryPeter G. Simmonds, G. R. Shoemake, and James E. LovelockCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 8, 881–885Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60290a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60290a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity studies of novel pyrrolo [2,1][1,4] benzodiazepine-glycosylated pyrrole and imidazole polyamide conjugates (2003)

The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolo [2,1][1,4] benzodiazepine-water insoluble 31-38 and water soluble 39-46 glycosylated pyrrole and imidazole polyamide conjugates are described that involved mercuric chloride mediated cyclization of the corresponding amino diethyl thioacetals. The compounds were prepared with varying numbers of pyrrole and imidazole containing polyamides and incorporating glucose moieties in order to improve the water solubility of PBD-polyamide conjugates and probe the structural requirements for optimal in vitro antitumor activity. These compounds were tested against a panel of 60 human cancer cells by the National Cancer Institute, and demonstrated that the water soluble PBD-polyamide compounds exhibited a higher level of cytotoxic activity than the existing natural and synthetic pyrrolo [2,1-c][1,4] benzodiazepines. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds dramatically increase after hydrolysis of their acetylated counterparts. The activity data summarized in Table 1 and Table 2 show that the solubility of the PBD-polyamides and also the type of heterocycle play important roles influencing the cytotoxic activity of the PBD-polyamide conjugates. The PBD-glycosylated polyamide (water soluble) conjugates 39-46 are highly cytotoxic against many human cancer cell lines in comparison with the PBD-polyamide (water insoluble version) conjugates.
Association Between Lumbar Disc Degeneration and Propionibacterium acnes Infection (2015)

N/A.
Arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency: loss of a polyadenylylation signal and N-glycosylation site. (1989)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A. Deficiency of this enzyme is also found in apparently healthy individuals, a condition for which the term pseudodeficiency was introduced. The arylsulfatase A (cerebroside-3-sulfate 3-sulfohydrolase; EC 3.1.6.8) (ASA) encoding gene was isolated from an individual homozygous for the ASA pseudodeficiency allele. Sequence analysis revealed two A----G transitions. One changes Arg-350 to serine, which leads to the loss of a utilized N-glycosylation site. This loss explains the smaller size of ASA in ASA pseudodeficiency fibroblasts. The introduction of Ser-350 into normal ASA cDNA does not affect the rate of synthesis, the stability, or the catalytic properties of ASA in stably transfected baby hamster kidney cells. Therefore, the loss of the N-linked oligosaccharide does not contribute to the reduction of ASA activity in ASA pseudodeficiency. The other A----G transition changes the first polyadenylylation signal downstream of the stop codon from AATAAC to AGTAAC. The latter causes a severe deficiency of a 2.1-kilobase (kb) mRNA species. The deficiency of the 2.1-kb RNA species provides an explanation for the diminished synthesis of ASA seen in pseudodeficiency fibroblasts. Amplification of genomic DNA and hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotides detected both mutations in four unrelated individuals with ASA pseudodeficiency.
Toward Thermoplastic Lignin Polymers. Part 1. Selective Masking of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Kraft Lignins via Methylation and Oxypropylation Chemistries (2012)

This work offers a comprehensive understanding of the conditions required for the selective masking of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in technical kraft lignins, which is pivotal in determining their subsequent chemical and thermal reactivity. To this effect, we have examined the chemistry and developed the conditions for the facile, mild, and selective masking of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in softwood and hardwood kraft lignins. We have compared two series of methylated softwood kraft lignins synthesized using different methylation chemistries. Our data show that (when used as specified) dimethyl sulfate in aqueous NaOH selectively converts the phenolic hydroxyl groups of kraft lignin to its methylated derivatives without apparent side reactions. In contrast, methyl iodide (in the presence of excess K2CO3 in N,N-dimethylformamide) was found to be rather ineffective and unselective. Various milder methylation conditions were also examined for both softwood and hardwood kraft lignins using dimethyl sulfate, and the details of this work are documented. In addition, a series of oxypropylation reactions were also carried out using propylene oxide in aqueous NaOH. Propylene oxide was shown to selectively add (at room temperature, 0.5 M NaOH, 18 h) less than two units on average per phenolic hydroxyl group without significant additional polymerization or other side reactions.
Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury (1994)

Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions are mediated by interacting sets of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemoattractant/activator molecules to form an "adhesion cascade." The initial phase of inflammation, a transient slowing of neutrophils in postcapillary venules, is mediated by selectins. Subsequently, firm adhesion of neutrophils to the vessel wall occurs via interaction of the CD11/CD18 (beta 2) integrins to endothelial ligands such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This binding requires activation of CD11/CD18 by exposure of the neutrophil to a variety of activating/chemoattractant molecules, such as platelet-activating factor or interleukin-8. Finally, transmigration into tissues occurs, a process that requires both a chemotactic stimulus and engagement of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Several approaches have been used to probe the role of CAMs in vivo. These include the use of blocking antibodies, chimeric selectin-immunoglobulin proteins, sialyl Lewisx oligosaccharides and peptides, along with the study of humans and animals with genetically determined adhesion deficiencies. These studies demonstrate that CAM blockade can effectively inhibit inflammation; however, there appear to be clear differences in the adhesion requirements for particular types of inflammation. By understanding the CAM/chemoattractant profiles involved in specific disease states, it may be possible to precisely and effectively target therapy to a wide variety of inflammatory diseases.
C-Glycoside synthesis by palladium-catalyzed iodoaglycon-glycal coupling (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC-Glycoside synthesis by palladium-catalyzed iodoaglycon-glycal couplingRoger N. Farr, Robert A. Outten, Jane Chi Ya Cheng, and G. Doyle Daves Jr.Cite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 12, 3151–3156Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00162a029https://doi.org/10.1021/om00162a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views409Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A general framework for the optimization of object-oriented queries (1992)

The goal of this work is to integrate in a general framework the different query optimization techniques that have been proposed in the object-oriented context. As a first step, we focus essentially on the logical aspect of query optimization. In this paper, we propose a formalism (i) that unifies different rewriting formalisms, (ii) that allows easy and exhaustive factorization of duplicated subqueries, and (iii) that supports heuristics in order to reduce the optimization rewriting phase.
Generation of enhanced stability factor VIII variants by replacement of charged residues at the A2 domain interface (2008)

Factor VIII consists of a heavy chain (A1A2B domains) and light chain (A3C1C2 domains), whereas the contiguous A1A2 domains are separate subunits in the cofactor, factor VIIIa. The intrinsic instability of the cofactor results from weak affinity interactions of the A2 subunit within factor VIIIa. The charged residues Glu272, Asp519, Glu665, and Glu1984 appear buried at the interface of the A2 domain with either the A1 or A3 domain, and thus may impact protein stability. To determine the effects of these residues on procofactor/cofactor stability, these residues were individually replaced with either Ala or Val, and stable BHK cell lines expressing the B-domainless proteins were prepared. Specific activity and thrombin generation parameters for 7 of the 8 variants were more than 80% the wild-type value. Factor VIII activity at 52 degrees C to 60 degrees C and the decay of factor VIIIa activity after thrombin activation were monitored. Six of the 7 variants showing wild-type-like activity demonstrated enhanced stability, with the Glu1984Val variant showing a 2-fold increase in thermostability and an approximately 4- to 8-fold increase in stability of factor VIIIa. These results indicate that replacement of buried charged residues is an effective alternative to covalent modification in increasing factor VIII (VIIIa) stability.
Delineation of somatosensory finger areas using vibrotactile stimulation, an ECoG study (2015)

We suggest that this scheme, relying on the endogenous neural response rather than exogenous electrical activation, could eventually be extended to map other sensory areas and provide a faster and more objective map to better anticipate outcomes of surgical resection.
Improved chip design for integrated solid-phase microextraction in on-line proteomic sample preparation (2002)

A recently introduced silicon microextraction chip (SMEC), used for on-line proteomic sample preparation, has proved to facilitate the process of protein identification by sample clean up and enrichment of peptides. It is demonstrated that a novel grid-SMEC design improves the operating characteristics for solid-phase microextraction, by reducing dispersion effects and thereby improving the sample preparation conditions. The structures investigated in this paper are treated both numerically and experimentally. The numerical approach is based on finite element analysis of the microfluidic flow in the microchip. The analysis is accomplished by use of the computational fluid dynamics-module FLOTRAN in the ANSYS software package. The modeling and analysis of the previously reported weir-SMEC design indicates some severe drawbacks, that can be reduced by changing the microextraction chip geometry to the grid-SMEC design. The overall analytical performance was thereby improved and also verified by experimental work. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of model peptides extracted from both the weir-SMEC and the new grid-SMEC support the numerical analysis results. Further use of numerical modeling and analysis of the SMEC structures is also discussed and suggested in this work.
Ras Protein Farnesyltransferase: A Strategic Target for Anticancer Therapeutic Development (1999)

Ras proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in the control of normal and transformed cell growth and are among the most intensively studied proteins of the past decade. After stimulation by various growth factors and cytokines, Ras activates several downstream effectors, including the Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and the Rac/Rho pathway. In approximately 30% of human cancers, including a substantial proportion of pancreatic and colon adenocarcinomas, mutated ras genes produce mutated proteins that remain locked in an active state, thereby relaying uncontrolled proliferative signals. Ras undergoes several posttranslational modifications that facilitate its attachment to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The first-and most critical-modification is the addition of a farnesyl isoprenoid moiety in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme protein farnesyltransferase (FTase). It follows that inhibiting FTase would prevent Ras from maturing into its biologically active form, and FTase is of considerable interest as a potential therapeutic target. Different classes of FTase inhibitors have been identified that block farnesylation of Ras, reverse Ras-mediated cell transformation in human cell lines, and inhibit the growth of human tumor cells in nude mice. In transgenic mice with established tumors, FTase inhibitors cause regression in some tumors, which appears to be mediated through both apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. FTase inhibitors have been well tolerated in animal studies and do not produce the generalized cytotoxic effects in normal tissues that are a major limitation of most conventional anticancer agents. There are ongoing clinical evaluations of FTase inhibitors to determine the feasibility of administering them on dose schedules like those that portend optimal therapeutic indices in preclinical studies. Because of the unique biologic aspects of FTase, designing disease-directed phase II and III evaluations of their effectiveness presents formidable challenges.
REAL TIME SKELETAL ANIMATION WITH DUAL QUATERNION (2013)

Though Combination of Quaternions and matrix has been a popular tool in skeletal animation for more th an 20 years, classical quaternions are restricted to t he representation of rotations. In skeletal animati on and many other applications of 3D computer graphics, we actually deal with rigid transformation including both rotation and translation. Dual quaternions represen t rigid transformations nearly in the same way as quaternions represent rotations. In fact, Algorithm s based on dual quaternions show better properties than those based on quaternions, including increased computational efficiency, reduced overhead and coordin ate invariance. In this paper we show how to generalize established techniques for quaternions to dual quaternions to include all rigid transformations, a nd implement real-time character animation with dual quaternions under the platform of OpenGL in order t o demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of dual quaternions.
Identification of an ADAM2-ADAM3 Complex on the Surface of Mouse Testicular Germ Cells and Cauda Epididymal Sperm (2007)

Male mice lacking ADAM2 (fertilin beta) or ADAM3 (cyritestin) are infertile; cauda epididymal sperm (mature sperm) from these mutant mice cannot bind to the egg zona pellucida. ADAM3 is barely present in Adam2-null sperm, despite normal levels of this protein in Adam2-null testicular germ cells (TGCs; sperm precursor cells). Here, we have explored the molecular basis for the loss of ADAM3 in Adam2-null TGCs to clarify the biosynthetic and functional linkage of ADAM2 and ADAM3. A small portion of total ADAM3 was found present on the surface of wild-type and Adam2(-/-) TGCs at similar levels. In the Adam2-null TGCs, however, surface-localized ADAM3 exhibited an increased amount of an endoglycosidase H-resistant form that may be related to instability of ADAM3. Moreover, we found a complex between ADAM2 and ADAM3 on the surface of TGCs and sperm. The intracellular chaperone calnexin was a component of the testicular ADAM2-ADAM3 complex. Our findings suggest that the association with ADAM2 is a key element for stability of ADAM3 in epididymal sperm. The presence of the ADAM2-ADAM3 complex in sperm also suggests a potential role of ADAM2 with ADAM3 in sperm binding to the egg zona pellucida.
Abstract 667: Immunoprofiling circulating blood as a means to early detection of solid tumors (2017)

Abstract Our goal was to evaluate whether profiling Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in circulation correlated with the existence and stage of multiple, biopsy-verified solid tumor types and to evaluate whether such analyses could enable early detection. The tumor micro-environment (TME) is replete with numerous immune cells, and the type and concentration of such cells can provide prognostic information. The link between high concentrations of MDSCs and poor prognosis is most likely due to the immuno-suppressive effects of such cells. Some fraction of these cells spill into the blood stream. We utilized flow cytometry to phenotypically quantify subsets of MDSCs and other leukocytes in the circulation of biopsy-verified cancer patients, as well as in age and sex matched healthy donors. Our results indicate a marked increase in MDSC levels in the circulation of tumor patients relative to healthy donors. We have analyzed patients presenting over a dozen solid tumor types (lung, breast, ovarian, colon, melanoma, liver, thyroid, pancreatic, uterine, osteosarcoma, appendiceal, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and vulvar) and found notable differences in the immune-profiles of circulating blood in these patients. It appears that the immune response, as measured by our flow cytometry technique, is general for most tumor types. We will present correlations and inter-relations between different cell types and evidence of tumors. While our studies to date have been performed in an unblinded manner, we will present performance data (specificity and sensitivity) for our approach. Citation Format: Amit Kumar, Dimitry Gabrilovich, Frank J. Rauscher, George Dominguez, Cyrus Sholevar, John Roop, Anthony Campisi, Alexander Polo. Immunoprofiling circulating blood as a means to early detection of solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 667. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-667
Neuroinflammatory paradigms in lysosomal storage diseases (2015)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) include approximately 70 distinct disorders that collectively account for 14% of all inherited metabolic diseases. LSDs are caused by mutations in various enzymes/proteins that disrupt lysosomal function, which impairs macromolecule degradation following endosome-lysosome and phagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagy, ultimately disrupting cellular homeostasis. LSDs are pathologically typified by lysosomal inclusions composed of a heterogeneous mixture of various proteins and lipids that can be found throughout the body. However, in many cases the CNS is dramatically affected, which may result from heightened neuronal vulnerability based on their post-mitotic state. Besides intrinsic neuronal defects, another emerging factor common to many LSDs is neuroinflammation, which may negatively impact neuronal survival and contribute to neurodegeneration. Microglial and astrocyte activation is a hallmark of many LSDs that affect the CNS, which often precedes and predicts regions where eventual neuron loss will occur. However, the timing, intensity, and duration of neuroinflammation may ultimately dictate the impact on CNS homeostasis. For example, a transient inflammatory response following CNS insult/injury can be neuroprotective, as glial cells attempt to remove the insult and provide trophic support to neurons. However, chronic inflammation, as seen in several LSDs, can promote neurodegeneration by creating a neurotoxic environment due to elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic molecules. Although neuroinflammation has been reported in several LSDs, the cellular basis and mechanisms responsible for eliciting neuroinflammatory pathways are just beginning to be defined. This review highlights the role of neuroinflammation in select LSDs and its potential contribution to neuron loss.
Effect of Site-Directed Mutations on Processing and Activity of γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase of Escherichia coli K-121 (1995)

gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase [EC 2.3.2.2] of Escherichia coli K-12 is thought to be synthesized from a single precursor polypeptide into a heterodimeric form through post-translational processing. Cells of a gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-overproducing transformant of E. coli K-12 were fractionated and the localization of the enzyme was examined by Western blot analysis. The periplasmic fraction only contained the mature form of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, membrane fraction only contained the precursor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and no precursor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction. Amino acid residues at the cleavage site for processing into the large and small subunits were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis. The processing phenotypes of six mutants were examined by Western blot analysis, and their gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were measured. Mutations at the N-terminal amino acid residues of the small subunit (Thr-391, Thr-392, and His-393) prevented the maturation of the enzyme and the immature mutants exhibited no enzymatic activity. A mutation at the C-terminal residue of the large subunit (Gln-390) had less effect on the processing and enzymatic activity. These results suggest that the sequence of threonyl-threonyl-histidinyl residues at the N-terminal of the small subunit is very important for the processing of E. coli K-12 gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and this processing is essential to the expression of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity of E. coli K-12.
Intravenous sodium valproate aborts migraine headaches rapidly (2010)

Intravenous Sodium Valproate (iVPA) seems to be safe and rapidly effective for intractable migraine attack. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled studies are warranted.