gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor molecular biology and potential targets in prostate cancer (2010)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a key transcriptional regulator and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. During androgen deprivation therapy to treat metastatic prostate cancer, surviving cells acquire increased AR signaling through a variety of mechanisms, one of which is enhanced interactions with AR coactivators. One recently identified AR-specific coregulator expressed only in human and nonhuman primates is the melanoma antigen gene protein-A11 (MAGE-11). MAGE-11 increases AR transcriptional activity through direct interactions with AR and other coactivators, and its levels increase during prostate cancer progression to castration-recurrent growth. The MAGE-11 gene is located at Xq28 on the human X chromosome as part of an X-linked MAGE gene family of cancer-testis antigens. MAGE-11 stabilizes AR when androgen levels are low, and functions in a transcriptional hub to promote AR-mediated gene activation. The evolutionary development and organization of the MAGE-11 gene within the cancer-testis antigen family suggests that MAGE-11 provides a gain-of-function to AR among primates in both normal physiology and cancer, and may serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Lunasin™ Suppresses E1A-Mediated Transformation of Mammalian Cells but Does Not Inhibit Growth of Immortalized and Established Cancer Cell Lines (2003)

Lunasin, a novel and promising chemopreventive compound isolated from soybean cotyledon, is a 43-amino acid peptide that contains a -RGD-cell adhesion motif followed by 8 aspartic acid residues at the carboxyl end and a structurally conserved helix region. We showed previously that lunasin peptide applied exogenously reduces foci formation in mouse fibroblast cells treated with chemical carcinogens and inhibits skin tumorigenesis induced by chemical carcinogens in mice when applied topically. In this study, lunasin peptide applied to cell culture suppresses foci formation in E1A-transfected mouse fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells. Within 18 h of exogenous application, lunasin internalizes into the cell and localizes in the nucleus. In an initial study of genes affected by lunasin, the peptide increases p21 protein levels fivefold in cells transfected with E1A but not in untransfected cells. In contrast to its inhibitory effects on cell transformation, lunasin has no effect on growth of imicroMortalized (nontumorigenc) and established cancer cells. This is the first report that lunasin suppresses transformation of mamicroMalian cells induced by an oncogene (E1A) in addition to chemical carcinogens.
Factors Produced by Macrophages Eliminating Apoptotic Cells Demonstrate Pro-Resolutive Properties and Terminate Ongoing Inflammation (2018)

Unresolved inflammation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The factors produced by macrophages eliminating apoptotic cells during resolution are crucial to terminate inflammation, and for subsequent tissue healing. We demonstrated here that the factors produced by macrophages eliminating apoptotic cells were sufficient to reboot the resolution of inflammation <i>in vivo</i>, and thus definitively terminated ongoing chronic inflammation. These factors were called SuperMApo and revealed pro-resolutive properties and accelerated acute inflammation resolution, as attested by both increased phagocytic capacities of macrophages and enhanced thioglycollate-induced peritonitis resolution. Activated antigen-presenting cells exposed to SuperMApo accelerated their return to homeostasis and demonstrated pro-regulatory T cell properties. In mice with ongoing collagen-induced arthritis, SuperMApo injection resolved and definitively terminated chronic inflammation. The same pro-resolving properties were observed in human settings in addition to xenogeneic colitis and graft-<i>vs</i>.-host disease modulation, highlighting SuperMApo as a new therapeutic opportunity to circumvent inflammatory diseases.
Total levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in patients with colon cancer. (2002)

TIMP-1 was significantly elevated in plasma from CC and RC patients, including those with early-stage disease. Sensitivity and specificity were both sufficiently high to consider TIMP-1 as a marker for the early identification of CC patients, in particular, those with right-sided CC.
Theoretical modelling and experimental investigations of the diode-pumped thin-disk Yb : YAG laser (1999)

The fundamental principles of the operation of a solid-state laser are presented for the case when the active element is a thin disk. An analytical model of this laser is developed. The model is used to calculate the influence of the various parameters on the operational efficiency of the laser. A detailed model is also developed for calculations relating to a specific laser design and this model takes account of the geometry of the active medium, of the diode pump configuration, and of the operating conditions. Experiments yielded a cw output power up to 350 W and an optical pumping efficiency of ~ 50% (the corresponding values obtained in this single-mode regime were approximately 100 W and 440%). These results were obtained below 0 °C for eight passes of the pump radiation through the active medium. At room temperature and for 16 passes the same parameters were several tens of watts and an efficiency up to 58%. These experimental results were in good agreement with the predictions of the theoretical model.
Experimental demonstration of resonant anomalies in diffraction from two-dimensional gratings (1996)

Resonant effects in diffraction from two-dimensional dielectric gratings is demonstrated experimentally. A two-layer structure, which consists of a uniform guiding layer and a grating layer, yielded symmetric, low-sideband resonance that is suitable for narrow-band filter applications. Excellent agreement between measured and calculated spectral and angular dependence is obtained.
Regulation of Ovarian Follicular Development in Primates: Facts and Hypotheses (1996)

IN THE adult ovary, folliculogenesis starts when follicles leave the pool of resting follicles (RF) to enter the growth phase. From there, the early growing follicle undergoes a developmental process including a dramatic course of cellular proliferation and differentiation. In primates, only one follicle commonly reaches the preovulatory stage every cycle; most follicles fail to complete this maturation scheme, dying in the process termed atresia. In recent years, a picture has emerged depicting the classic endocrine control of ovarian function by LH and FSH, entangled in a maze of regulatory systems hinging on cell-cell interactions between follicular cells, via action of a variety of molecules (1–3). Different types of cell-cell interactions have been described. In paracrine regulations, a molecule synthesized by one cellular type is released into the interstitial milieu to act directly on another cellular type. In autocrine regulations, molecules synthesized by one cellular type are released to act either on the same tissue (autocrine action), on immediate neighbor cells (juxtacrine action), or are not released and act inside the producing cell itself (intracrine action). These paracrine and autocrine regulations may be involved at every stage of folliculogenesis by acting either alone or by modifying the multiple functions of FSH and LH. Finally, it appears from these findings that during folliculogenesis a finely tuned process of progressive differentiation occurs in all constituents of the follicle.
XI.—On the formation of coumarin and of cinnamic and of other analogous acids from the aromatic aldehydes (1877)

W. H. Perkin, J. Chem. Soc., 1877, 31, 388 DOI: 10.1039/JS8773100388
Nonreplicating Vaccinia Virus Vectors Expressing the H5 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Produced in Modified Vero Cells Induce Robust Protection (2009)

The timely development of safe and effective vaccines against avian influenza virus of the H5N1 subtype will be of the utmost importance in the event of a pandemic. Our aim was first to develop a safe live vaccine which induces both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against human H5N1 influenza viruses and second, since the supply of embryonated eggs for traditional influenza vaccine production may be endangered in a pandemic, an egg-independent production procedure based on a permanent cell line. In the present article, the generation of a complementing Vero cell line suitable for the production of safe poxviral vaccines is described. This cell line was used to produce a replication-deficient vaccinia virus vector H5N1 live vaccine, dVV-HA5, expressing the hemagglutinin of a virulent clade 1 H5N1 strain. This experimental vaccine was compared with a formalin-inactivated whole-virus vaccine based on the same clade and with different replicating poxvirus-vectored vaccines. Mice were immunized to assess protective immunity after high-dose challenge with the highly virulent A/Vietnam/1203/2004(H5N1) strain. A single dose of the defective live vaccine induced complete protection from lethal homologous virus challenge and also full cross-protection against clade 0 and 2 challenge viruses. Neutralizing antibody levels were comparable to those induced by the inactivated vaccine. Unlike the whole-virus vaccine, the dVV-HA5 vaccine induced substantial amounts of gamma interferon-secreting CD8 T cells. Thus, the nonreplicating recombinant vaccinia virus vectors are promising vaccine candidates that induce a broad immune response and can be produced in an egg-independent and adjuvant-independent manner in a proven vector system.
The E6-E7 region of human papillomavirus type 18 is sufficient for transformation of NIH 3T3 and rat-1 cells (1987)

Plasmids containing the E6 and E7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 18 expressed from an autologous transcriptional control region were sufficient for transformation of NIH 3T3 and Rat-1 cells. Transformation by these sequences did not always involve morphological alterations even though anchorage-independent growth occurred at a high frequency. In these cells, the efficiency of transformation by the E6 and E7 construct was equivalent to or, in most cases, better than that observed with the entire viral genome. These data indicate that a major human papillomavirus type 18 transforming function is localized in either the E6 or E7 gene products or both.
Design Strategies and Methods Research in Comprehensive Designing Experiment (2012)

The comprehensive designing experiment is very important to train the students’ scientific thinking ability and improve the students’ comprehensive quality in inorganic chemistry experiment. This article introduces a kind of teaching method which can cultivate students’ experimental design capacity. By guiding the student to explore the design strategy and idea in comprehensive design experiment, the article focuses on the experiment “preparation of potassium nitrate by using double decomposition method” as a case.
Endothelial Cell Influences on Vascular Smooth Muscle Phenotype (1986)

In the normal arterial wall the smooth muscle cells and abluminal surface of the endothelium are surrounded by a basal lamina consisting of (among other substances) laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and type IV collagen (59, 75). In turn the basal laminae are closely associated with the continuum of collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix. This associa­ tion maintains spatial arrangements of components within the vessel wall (93), but may also regulate the proper homeostatic balance of the cellular con­ stituents. In this article, the relationship between the endothelium, smooth muscle, and an extracellular matrix molecule they produce is explored. In particular, we will discuss the proposal that a heparin-like glycosaminoglycan present in the basal lamina of both smooth muscle and endothelium plays an important role in controlling the phenotype the smooth muscle expresses, and its response to serum mitogens. Change in smooth muscle phenotype leads to many changes in the biology of the cell, and these will also be reviewed.
Type-II Kinase Inhibitor Docking, Screening, and Profiling Using Modified Structures of Active Kinase States (2008)

Type-II kinase inhibitors represent a class of chemicals that trap their target kinases in an inactive, so-called DFG-out state, occupying a hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the ATP binding site. These compounds are often more specific than those that target active DFG-in kinase conformations. Unfortunately, the discovery of novel type-II scaffolds presents a considerable challenge, partially because the lack of compatible kinase structures makes structure-based methods inapplicable. We present a computational protocol for converting multiple available DFG-in structures of various kinases (approximately 70% of mammalian structural kinome) into accurate and specific models of their type-II bound state. The models, described as deletion-of-loop Asp-Phe-Gly-in (DOLPHIN) kinase models, demonstrate exceptional performance in various inhibitor discovery applications, including compound pose prediction, screening, and in silico activity profiling. Given the abundance of the DFG-in structures, the presented approach opens possibilities for kinome-wide discovery of specific molecules targeting inactive kinase states.
Efficient Culture of Human Naive and Memory B Cells for Use as APCs (2016)

The ability to culture and expand B cells in vitro has become a useful tool for studying human immunity. A limitation of current methods for human B cell culture is the capacity to support mature B cell proliferation. We developed a culture method to support the efficient activation and proliferation of naive and memory human B cells. This culture supports extensive B cell proliferation, with ∼10<sup>3</sup>-fold increases following 8 d in culture and 10<sup>6</sup>-fold increases when cultures are split and cultured for 8 more days. In culture, a significant fraction of naive B cells undergo isotype switching and differentiate into plasmacytes. Culture-derived (CD) B cells are readily cryopreserved and, when recovered, retain their ability to proliferate and differentiate. Significantly, proliferating CD B cells express high levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86. CD B cells act as APCs and present alloantigens and microbial Ags to T cells. We are able to activate and expand Ag-specific memory B cells; these cultured cells are highly effective in presenting Ag to T cells. We characterized the TCR repertoire of rare Ag-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that proliferated in response to tetanus toxoid (TT) presented by autologous CD B cells. TCR Vβ usage by TT-activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells differs from resting and unspecifically activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Moreover, we found that TT-specific TCR Vβ usage by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells was substantially different between donors. This culture method provides a platform for studying the BCR and TCR repertoires within a single individual.
Effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales 4 years after its introduction: an observational cohort study (2015)

Public Health England funds national surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease.
Tyrosine 1101 of Tie2 Is the Major Site of Association of p85 and Is Required for Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Akt (1998)

Tie2 is an endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for both normal embryonic vascular development and tumor angiogenesis and is thought to play a role in vascular maintenance. However, the signaling pathways responsible for the function of Tie2 remain unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) associates with Tie2 and that this association confers functional lipid kinase activity. Mutation of tyrosine 1101 of Tie2 abrogated p85 association both in vitro and in vivo in yeast. Tie2 was found to activate PI3-kinase in vivo as demonstrated by direct measurement of increases in cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-bisphosphate, by plasma membrane translocation of a green fluorescent protein-Akt pleckstrin homology domain fusion protein, and by downstream activation of the Akt kinase. Activation of PI3-kinase was abrogated in these assays by mutation of Y1101 to phenylalanine, consistent with a requirement for this residue for p85 association with Tie2. These results suggest that activation of PI3-kinase and Akt may in part account for Tie2's role in both embryonic vascular development and pathologic angiogenesis, and they are consistent with a role for Tie2 in endothelial cell survival.
The Pathway of myo-Inositol Degradation in Aerobacter aerogenes (1966)

Abstract The enzymes responsible for the first two steps in the degradation of myo-inositol by Aerobacter aerogenes were identified and isolated from extracts of a constitutive mutant, that is, a strain containing high levels of these enzymes even when grown in an inositol-free medium. The enzyme catalyzing the initial step, the dehydrogenation of myo-inositol, is strongly inhibited by its product. It could be shown that the dehydrogenation involves the transfer of a hydrogen from carbon atom 2 of the inositol ring to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; the product is therefore 2-keto-myo-inositol. The second step is the dehydration of 2-keto-myo-inositol. The enzyme responsible for this reaction is unstable when exposed to oxygen, and requires glutathione and Co++ or Mn++ for maximal activity; its product was identified as d-2,3-diketo-4-deoxy-epi-inositol. This compound can be reduced by myo-inositol dehydrogenase in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to a ketodeoxyinositol. However, this reaction does not appear to be involved in the degradation of myo-inositol.
July 4, 1956 (2007)

Catch a falling star and put it in your pocketNever let it fade away.Catch a falling star and put it in your pocketSave it for a rainy day.
Relationship of omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia to gastric pH. (1986)

The increase in gastrin caused by the gastric proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole, is presumably secondary to inhibition of gastric acid secretion but could also be due to a direct effect on the gastrin cells. This experiment was designed to determine whether gastrin elevations caused by omeprazole are related to intragastric pH. We studied gastrin release and acid output in response to 10% peptone broth (400 ml) in five dogs with gastric fistulas. The broth, at pH 5.5 or 2.5, was instilled into the stomach through the cannula, and the desired pH was maintained by intragastric titration with 0.1N NaHCO3 for 2 hours. Studies at each pH level were performed on separate days before, during, and after omeprazole (10 mumol/kg daily for 20 days). Omeprazole increased intragastric pH to greater than or equal to 3.5 for 24 hours. At pH 5.5 omeprazole inhibited acid secretion and increased gastrin levels; however, setting the intragastric pH at 2.5 completely blocked omeprazole's effect on gastrin release. Therefore these data support the hypothesis that the hypergastrinemia caused by omeprazole is dependent on gastric pH and gastric acid suppression.
Familial Alzheimer's Disease Cells Abnormally Accumulate β‐Amyloid‐Harbouring Peptides Preferentially in Cytosol but not in Extracellular Fluid (1994)

The proteolytic processing of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) was analyzed and compared for familial Alzheimer's disease and normal lymphoid cells, focusing on beta-amyloid-harbouring peptides and the extracellular fragments released into the medium. Tris/tricine gel electrophoresis of anti-beta A4-(8-17)-immunoprecipitated peptides and subsequent N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed previously unidentified peptides; the 14-kDa peptide with a beta A4 N-terminus and the 12-kDa peptide with an Esch's-site N-terminus in the cytosols, and the same 12-kDa peptide predominating in the media. Moreover, some early onset familial Alzheimer's disease cells, but not normal cells, express a 4-kDa peptide with a beta-amyloid N-terminus in the cytosol. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the extracellular APP peptides immunoprecipitated with anti-APP-(144-654)-peptide showed that familial Alzheimer's disease cells are deficient in processing, especially the 50-53-kDa peptides with the Kunitz-protease-inhibitor domain. This may reflect their unique expression of a serine protease identified as cleaving APP at the beta-amyloid N-terminus.
WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis (2008)

The WGCNA package provides R functions for weighted correlation network analysis, e.g. co-expression network analysis of gene expression data. The R package along with its source code and additional material are freely available at http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/labs/horvath/CoexpressionNetwork/Rpackages/WGCNA.
Identification of a Broad-Spectrum Arenavirus Entry Inhibitor (2008)

Several arenaviruses, including Lassa virus (LASV), are causative agents of hemorrhagic fever, for which effective therapeutic options are lacking. The LASV envelope glycoprotein (GP) gene was used to generate lentiviral pseudotypes to identify small-molecule inhibitors of viral entry. A benzimidazole derivative with potent antiviral activity was identified from a high-throughput screen utilizing this strategy. Subsequent lead optimization for antiviral activity identified a modified structure, ST-193, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 1.6 nM against LASV pseudotypes. ST-193 inhibited pseudotypes generated with other arenavirus envelopes as well, including the remaining four commonly associated with hemorrhagic fever (IC(50)s for Junín, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabiá were in the 0.2 to 12 nM range) but exhibited no antiviral activity against pseudotypes incorporating either the GP from the LASV-related arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or the unrelated G protein from vesicular stomatitis virus, at concentrations of up to 10 microM. Determinants of ST-193 sensitivity were mapped through a combination of LASV-LCMV domain-swapping experiments, genetic selection of viral variants, and site-directed mutagenesis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that sensitivity to ST-193 is dictated by a segment of about 30 amino acids within the GP2 subunit. This region includes the carboxy-terminal region of the ectodomain and the predicted transmembrane domain of the envelope protein, revealing a novel antiviral target within the arenavirus envelope GP.
[Affective factors in the evolution of catatonia: a report of two cases of catatonia in twins]. (1998)

The evolution of two twin patients diagnosed of catatonic schizophrenia is studied, through their clinical history, and the incidence of affective factors on the evolution of their clinical chart is evaluated. With regard to the results, the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is postulated.
Introduction (2004)

article Share on Introduction Author: Jeremy T. Lanman View Profile Authors Info & Claims XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for StudentsVolume 10Issue 3March 2004 pp 1https://doi.org/10.1145/1027321.1027322Published:01 April 2004Publication History 1citation79DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads79Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access