gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference between human herpesvirus 7 and HIV-1 in mononuclear phagocytes (1996)

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) uses CD4 as a cellular membrane receptor and thereby interferes with infection of CD4+ T cells by HIV-1. We studied the interactions between HHV-7 and a macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1BaL) in terminally differentiated human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, another critical target for infection by HIV-1 in vivo. Exposure of macrophages to HHV-7 alone yielded no signs of virus replication or cytopathic effects. Nevertheless, when macrophages were pre-exposed to either live or UV-inactivated HHV-7 and subsequently infected with HIV-1BaL, a significant dose-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 replication was documented. At day 7 postinfection, the average level of HIV-1 p24 Ag in cultures from five different donors was reduced by 91.7 +/- 8.3% by pretreatment with live HHV-7 and by 91.8 +/- 8.2% by pretreatment with UV-inactivated HHV-7. Moreover, the synthesis of HIV-1 proviral DNA in macrophages pretreated with HHV-7 was completely inhibited during the early stages after infection, suggesting that HHV-7 blocks HIV-1 at the level of interaction with the CD4 receptor. Consistent with this concept, both macrophage and CD4+ T cell cultures with pre-established HIV-1 infection were not susceptible to inhibitory effects of HHV-7. The proliferative response of PBMC to mitogens was only marginally inhibited by exposure to HHV-7 before mitogen stimulation, indicating that the inhibition of HIV-1 infection was not due to a negative effect on cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that HHV-7 is a powerful inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in cells of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage, despite its inability to replicate actively in such cells.
Induction of nephrogenic mesenchyme by osteogenic protein 1 (bone morphogenetic protein 7). (1996)

The definitive mammalian kidney forms as the result of reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud epithelium and metanephric mesenchyme. As osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1/bone morphogenetic protein 7), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of proteins, is expressed predominantly in the kidney, we examined its involvement during metanephric induction and kidney differentiation. We found that OP-1 mRNA is expressed in the ureteric bud epithelium before mesenchymal condensation and is subsequently seen in the condensing mesenchyme and during glomerulogenesis. Mouse kidney metanephric rudiments cultured without ureteric bud epithelium failed to undergo mesenchymal condensation and further epithelialization, while exogenously added recombinant OP-1 was able to substitute for ureteric bud epithelium in restoring the induction of metanephric mesenchyme. This OP-1-induced nephrogenic mesenchyme differentiation follows a developmental pattern similar to that observed in the presence of the spinal cord, a metanephric inducer. Blocking OP-1 activity using either neutralizing antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides in mouse embryonic day 11.5 mesenchyme, cultured in the presence of metanephric inducers or in intact embryonic day 11.5 kidney rudiment, greatly reduced metanephric differentiation. These results demonstrate that OP-1 is required for metanephric mesenchyme differentiation and plays a functional role during kidney development.
Generation of Anti-Idiotype Antibodies for Application in Clinical Immunotherapy Laboratory Analyses (2003)

The chimeric monoclonal antibody ch806 specifically targets the tumor-associated mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (de 2-7EGFR or EGFRVIII) and is currently under investigation for its potential use in cancer therapy. The humanised monoclonal antibody hu3S193 specifically targets the Lewis Y epithelial antigen and is currently in Phase I clinical trials in patients with advanced breast, colon, and ovarian carcinomas. To assist the clinical evaluation of ch806 and hu3S193, laboratory assays are required to monitor their serum pharmacokinetics and quantitate any immune responses to the antibodies. Mice immunized with ch806 or hu3S193 were used to generate hybridomas producing antibodies with specific binding to ch806 or hu3S193 and competitive for antigen binding. These anti-idiotype antibodies (designated Ludwig Melbourne Hybridomas, LMH) were investigated as reagents suitable for use as positive controls for HAHA or HACA analyses and for measuring hu3S193 or ch806 in human serum. Anti-idiotypes with the ability to concurrently bind two target antibody molecules were identified, which enabled the development of highly reproducible, sensitive, specific ELISA assays for determining serum concentrations of hu3S193 and ch806 with a 3 ng/mL limit of quantitation using LMH-3 and LMH-12, respectively. BIAcore analyses determined high apparent binding affinity for both idiotypes: LMH-3 binding immobilized hu3S193, Ka = 4.76 x 10(8) M(-1); LMH-12 binding immobilised ch806, Ka = 1.74 x 10(9) M(-1). Establishment of HAHA or HACA analysis of sera samples using BIAcore was possible using LMH-3 and LMH-12 as positive controls for quantitation of immune responses to hu3S193 or ch806 in patient sera. These anti-idiotypes could also be used to study the penetrance and binding of ch806 or hu3S193 to tumor cells through immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsies. The generation of anti-idiotype antibodies capable of concurrently binding a target antibody on each variable domain provides reagents with high sensitivity for the assessment of safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of target antibodies administered clinically.
The Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled encodes a novel protein required for response to the wingless signal. (1994)

The Drosophila Wnt-1 homolog, wingless (wg), is involved in the signaling of patterning information in several contexts. In the embryonic epidermis, Wg protein is secreted and taken up by neighboring cells, in which it is required for maintenance of engrailed transcription and accumulation of Armadillo protein. The dishevelled (dsh) gene mediates these signaling events as well as wg-dependent induction across tissue layers in the embryonic midgut. dsh is also required for the development processes in which wg functions in adult development. Overall, cells lacking dsh are unable to adopt fates specified by Wg. dsh functions cell autonomously, indicating that it is involved in the response of target cells to the Wg signal. dsh is expressed uniformly in the embryo and encodes a novel protein with no known catalytic motifs, although it shares a domain of homology with several junction-associated proteins. Our results demonstrate that dsh encodes a specific component of Wg signaling and illustrate that Wnt proteins may utilize a novel mechanism of extracellular signal transduction.
Studies on Antispasmodics. III. An Alternative and Convenient Synthetic Method and Stereochemistry of 2-Substituted Quinolizidines (1980)

A new convenient synthesis of 2-substituted quinolizidines was developed. Basecatalyzed cyclization of 4-(2-chloromethylpiperidin-1-yl) butyronitrile (14) afforded 2-cyanoquinolizidines (17a and 17b), which were converted to 2-ethoxycarbonyl- (18a and 18b), 2-benzoyl- (19a and 19b) and 2-thenoylquinolizidines (20a and 20b). Quinolizidine (18a) was transformed via diarylmethanol derivatives (21a and 22a) into 5-alkyl-2-diarylmethylenequinolizidinium bromides (2), which exhibit potent anticholinergic activities. 2-Ethoxycarbonyl- (18a and 18b) and 2-benzoyl-quinolizidines (19a and 19b) were also obtained by cyclization of the chloroester (15) and the chlorobenzoyl derivative (16), respectively. The stereochemistry of all 2-substituted quinolizidines synthesized here was established.
Diode laser-based cavity ring-down instrument for NO 3 , N 2 O 5 , NO, NO 2 and O 3 from aircraft (2011)

Abstract. This article presents a diode laser-based, cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous in situ measurements of four nitrogen oxide species, NO3, N2O5, NO, NO2, as well as O3, designed for deployment on aircraft. The instrument measures NO3 and NO2 by optical extinction at 662 nm and 405 nm, respectively; N2O5 is measured by thermal conversion to NO3, while NO and O3 are measured by chemical conversion to NO2. The instrument has several advantages over previous instruments developed by our group for measurement of NO2, NO3 and N2O5 alone, based on a pulsed Nd:YAG and dye laser. First, the use of continuous wave diode lasers reduces the requirements for power and weight and eliminates hazardous materials. Second, detection of NO2 at 405 nm is more sensitive than our previously reported 532 nm instrument, and does not have a measurable interference from O3. Third, the instrument includes chemical conversion of NO and O3 to NO2 to provide measurements of total NOx (= NO + NO2) and Ox (= NO2 + O3) on two separate channels; mixing ratios of NO and O3 are determined by subtraction of NO2. Finally, all five species are calibrated against a single standard based on 254 nm O3 absorption to provide high accuracy. Disadvantages include an increased sensitivity to water vapor on the 662 nm NO3 and N2O5 channels and a modest reduction in sensitivity for these species compared to the pulsed laser instrument. The in-flight detection limit for both NO3 and N2O5 is 3 pptv (2 σ, 1 s) and for NO, NO2 and O3 is 140, 90, and 120 pptv (2 σ, 1 s) respectively. Demonstrated performance of the instrument in a laboratory/ground based environment is better by approximately a factor of 2–3. The NO and NO2 measurements are less precise than research-grade chemiluminescence instruments. However, the combination of these five species in a single instrument, calibrated to a single analytical standard, provides a complete and accurate picture of nighttime nitrogen oxide chemistry. The instrument performance is demonstrated using data acquired during a recent field campaign in California.
Active and Passive Immunotherapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders (2008)

Immunotherapeutic strategies to combat neurodegenerative disorders have galvanized the scientific community since the first dramatic successes in mouse models recreating aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD) were reported. However, initial human trials of active amyloid-beta (Abeta) vaccination were halted early because of a serious safety issue: meningoencephalitis in 6% of subjects. Nonetheless, some encouraging preliminary data were obtained, and rapid progress has been made toward developing alternative, possibly safer active and passive immunotherapeutic approaches for several neurodegenerative conditions. Many of these are currently in human trials for AD. Despite these advances, our understanding of the essential mechanisms underlying the effects seen in preclinical models and human subjects is still incomplete. Antibody-induced phagocytosis of pathological protein deposits, direct antibody-mediated disruption of aggregates, neutralization of toxic soluble proteins, a shift in equilibrium toward efflux of specific proteins from the brain, cell-mediated immune responses, and other mechanisms may all play roles depending on the specific immunotherapeutic scenario.
Antibacterial properties of tuftsin and its analogs (1984)

The antibacterial properties of tuftsin and its 11 analogs on 20 bacterial strains were investigated. Tuftsin showed a definite antibacterial effect at a minimal effective concentration of 62.5 micrograms/ml. All analogs were either less effective or lacked any activity. The bacteria used included some highly pathogenic organisms.
Local mutagenesis: a method for generating viral mutants with base substitutions in preselected regions of the viral genome. (1978)

DNA from simian virus 40 (SV40) was prepared for local mutagenesis by nicking the molecule at a specific site with a restriction endonuclease that recognizes one site in SV40 DNA and then extending the nick enzymatically to expose a short, single-stranded segment of DNA. The "gapped" DNA was treated with a single-strand-specific mutagen, sodium bisulfite, which converts cytosine to uracil. After mutagenesis, the gap was repaired with DNA polymerase, generating molecules resistant to the restriction enzyme used to make the initial nick. From cells infected with DNA thus modified, SV40 mutants were isolated that had enzyme-resistant genomes. In some cases, precise positions of G.C to A.T transitions could be inferred from the patterns of susceptibility of mutant DNA to other restriction endonucleases whose recognition sequences were altered by the mutagenesis procedure. One of the restriction endonuclease sites mutagenized (Bgl I) maps at the origin of SV40 DNA replication and near sequences corresponding to the 5' ends of viral mRNAs. Many of the resulting Bgl I-resistant mutants yielded small plaques, suggesting partial defectiveness in DNA replication or transcription.
The constrained optimization extreme learning machine based on the hybrid loss function for regression (2018)

In training dataset, the extreme learning machines (ELMs) for data regression are sensitive to noise. This deficiency could be partially overcome by the Constrained optimization based ELM for Regression (C-ELM-R) and the low noise could be managed. However, in general, this is not the case in the real world. This paper addresses a significant note of the C-ELM-Rs poor generalization ability while dealing with the large noise. The Constrained optimization ELM for Regression based on Hybrid loss function (HC-ELM-R) is proposed in this paper with the specific end goal to deal with this problem. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm loss function and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm loss function are combined by the Hybrid loss for limiting the negative influence of large noise on the output weights estimation. The HCO-ELM-R's hybrid loss function can improve the tolerance to large noise, hence, it is less sensitive to large noise as compared to the C-ELM-R. To guarantee that the HC-ELM-R is easy to be solved, the proposed hybrid loss function is specially made smooth and differentiable. Finally, for the verification of the performance of the proposed HC-ELM-R the SinC standard testing function and the actual datasets from UCI machine learning repository were used. The results demonstrated that the robustness of the HC-ELM-R on datasets with large noise is higher as compared to the C-ELM-R and the weighted C-ELM-R.
Revisiting the 1976 "Swine Flu" Vaccine Clinical Trials: Cross-reactive Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Antibodies and Their Role in Protection Against the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Virus in Mice (2011)

The 1976 swine flu vaccination induced cross-reactive HAI and NAI antibodies that were functionally protective in mice, suggesting that this vaccination campaign might have had a positive impact on older adults (≥50 years) in the United States during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
Inhibition effect of transgenic tobacco plants expressing snowdrop lectin on the population development of Myzus persicae. (1998)

The cDNAs of snowdrop lectin mature protein and its precursor protein, GNA12 and GNA34, were inserted downstream of a 35S promoter with a double enhancer and a "omega" fragment of TMV-RNA cDNA in the binary vector pBin438, or the phloem-specific CoYMV promoter in the vector pBcop1, respectively, resulting in the construction of four plant expression vectors pBGna12, pBGna34, pBCGna12, and pBCGna34. Leaf stripes of Nicotiana tabacum var. K326 were transformed with A. tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the above expression vectors, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed that foreign GNA genes were inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Western blot analysis indicated that GNA could be expressed efficiently up to 0.08-0.15% of total soluble proteins in transgenic tobacco plants with pBGna34 or pBCGna34, while in those with pBGna12 and pBCGna12 GNA were hardly detected by immunoassay. The results from insect bioassay with a peach aphid (Myzus persicae) demonstrated that the transgenic plants of pBGna34 and pBCGna34 were aphid-resistant as shown by a 45-60% reduction in insect population density, with some individual transgenic lines being reduced by over 90%. In addition, it was evident that the 35S promoter with a double enhancer and CoYMV promoter had similar abilities to direct the GNA gene to express in transgenic tobacco plants, but because the CoYMV promoter drives the foreign gene in a phloem-specific expression manner, the transgenic plants of pBCGna34 showed higher aphid resistance.
PLATELET RESPONSE AND COAGULATION CHANGES FOLLOWING MASSIVE BLOOD REPLACEMENT (1973)

LIM, ROBERT C. JR. M.D.; OLCOTT, CORNELIUS IV M.D.; ROBINSON, A. JEAN PH.D.; BLAISDELL, F. WILLIAM M.D. Author Information
Human-to-Robot Mapping of Grasps (2008)

Abstract—We are developing a Programming by Demon-stration (PbD) system for which recognition of objects and pick-and-place actions represent basic building blocks for task learning. An important capability in this system is automatic visual recognition of human grasps, and methods for mapping the human grasps to the functionally corresponding robot grasps. This paper describes the grasp recognition system, focusing on the human-to-robot mapping. The visual grasp classification and grasp orientation regression is described in our IROS 2008 paper [1]. In contrary to earlier approaches, no articulated 3D reconstruction of the hand over time is taking place. The input data consists of a single image of the human hand. The hand shape is classified as one of six grasps by finding similar hand shapes in a large database of grasp images. From the database, the hand orientation is also estimated. The recognized grasp is then mapped to one of three predefined Barrett hand grasps. Depending on the type of robot grasp, a precomputed grasp strategy is selected. The strategy is further parameterized by the orientation of the hand relative to the object. Experiments in simulated and real environment show the convenience of this method for learning by demonstration purposes. I.
Mimicking Surface Plasmons with Structured Surfaces (2004)

Metals such as silver support surface plasmons: electromagnetic surface excitations localized near the surface that originate from the free electrons of the metal. Surface modes are also observed on highly conducting surfaces perforated by holes. We establish a close connection between the two, showing that electromagnetic waves in both materials are governed by an effective permittivity of the same plasma form. The size and spacing of holes can readily be controlled on all relevant length scales, which allows the creation of designer surface plasmons with almost arbitrary dispersion in frequency and in space, opening new vistas in surface plasmon optics.
Magnesium oxide-catalysed reaction of carbon dioxide with an epoxide with retention of stereochemistry (1997)

Magnesium oxide is an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides under mild conditions; the reaction of carbon dioxide with (R)-styrene oxide in the presence of magnesium oxide gives (R)-phenyl carbonate in 97% ee with retention of stereochemistry.
Assay Methods and Standard Preparations for Plasmin, Plasminogen and Urokinase in Purified Systems, 1967-1968 (1969)

Summary To facilitate communication between investigators, the Committee on Thrombolytic Agents of the National Heart Institute suggests standardized reagents and assay methods for the measurement of standard preparations of plasmin, plasminogen, and urokinase with use of casein, fibrin and synthetic esters as substrates.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gcv operon encoding the Escherichia coli glycine‐cleavage system (1993)

P-protein, H-protein and T-protein of the glycine cleavage system have been purified from Escherichia coli. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined, and a set of oligonucleotide probes was designed for gene cloning. The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of DNA around the 62-min region of the E. coli chromosome, containing genes for the components of the glycine-cleavage system has been determined. The sequence includes three structural genes encoding T-protein (363 amino acids, 40013 Da), H-protein (128 amino acids, 13679 Da) and P-protein (956 amino acids, 104240 Da). These genes are named gcvT, gcvH and gcvP, respectively. They are organized in the above-mentioned order on the same strand of DNA with short intercistronic sequences. The presence of a potential promoter preceding gcvT and a typical rho-independent terminator sequence following gcvP indicated that the three genes constitute a single operon. Each component of the E. coli glycine-cleavage system exhibits considerable amino acid sequence similarity with the animal and plant counterparts. When the plasmid containing the gcv operon was transfected in E. coli cells, the gene products of gcvT, gcvH and gcvP were overexpressed under the direction of the promoter of the gcv operon. However, bacteria harboring the plasmid that contained the gcv operon without the promoter region and the 5' terminal portion of gcvT failed to overexpress any of the three components.
Systolic Improvement and Mechanical Resynchronization Does Not Require Electrical Synchrony in the Dilated Failing Heart With Left Bundle-Branch Block (2002)

Improved mechanical synchrony and function do not require electrical synchrony. Mechanical coordination plays the dominant role in global systolic improvement with either pacing approach.
Speech Transmission Using an Adaptive Burst Mode Technique (1985)

The transmission of digitized speed using a modified burst mode technique is described. The modification exploits the fact that an interactive conversation does not need an instantaneously symmetric duplex channel. Dynamic adaptation of transmission rate reduces overall channel capacity requirements without significant subjective degradation. The method also has application to multiplexed duplex speech/data systems.
Aggregation-induced emission in BF2–hydrazone (BODIHY) complexes (2011)

A new family of BF2–hydrazone complexes was developed that exhibit enhanced emission in the solid-state. The modularity of the systems enabled their structure–property analysis, which showed that the solid-state fluorescence quantum yield is dependent on the molecule's planarity, dipole moment and number of π–π interactions it forms. One of the BF2–hydrazone complexes was easily transformed into a solid-state acid/base sensor.
Use of high efficacy, lower dose triple therapy to reduce side effects of eradicating Helicobacter pylori. (1994)

We conclude that a lower dose, 5 x/day triple therapy treatment of H. pylori is equally efficacious to the standard 4 x/day therapy, but is accompanied by fewer and milder adverse effects.