gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety: Airport alert over Moscow (1995)

Safety experts have warned that aircraft taking off at Moscow's proposed new city centre airport could crash into the Kurchatov Institute, which is Moscow's premier nuclear research facility, and envelop the city with radioactive contamination. The intended site for the airport, which is to be designed to cater for executive jets – for the international business community – has already been approved by the Russian President, Boris Yeltsin, However, the Kurchatov lies under the flight path of the main runway.
Linkage of RFLP Markers to an Aluminum Tolerance Gene in Wheat (1996)

More than 20% of the world’s agricultural land may contain acid soil. Aluminum toxicity becomes a serious growth limiting factor in many plant species when the soil pH is lower than 5.5. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes differ widely in tolerance to excess Al, and breeding of more tolerant genotypes is a priority in many affected regions. Our objectives were to confirm the number of genes for Al tolerance and determine their chromosomal arm location in the Brazilian wheat cv. BH 1146 and to identify DNA markers linked to Al tolerance gene(s). A population of recombinant inbred lines, developed by single‐seed descent from the cross of BH 1146 × ‘Anahuac’, was screened for Al tolerance with two methods in hydroponic nutrient solution. Both methods showed a bimodal distribution for Al tolerance, consistent with single gene inheritance. Eighty‐three low‐copy DNA clones were used to screen for polymorphism between the parents. Clone bed1230 detected a restriction fragment that is located 1.1 centiMorgans from this gene on Chromosome 4DL and explained 85% of the phenotypic variation in Al tolerance. We propose the symbol Alt BH to designate the major gene for Al tolerance located on 4DL. This RFLP marker can aid the transfer of this gene into sensitive germplasms.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators and their use in therapy (2006)

Among the 16 different α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms isolated in mammals, 13 possess catalytic activity for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. Some of them are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII, CA XIII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII, CA XIV and CA XV); CA VA and CA VB are mitochondrial and CA VI is secreted in saliva and milk. Representatives of the β – δ-CA family are highly abundant in fungi, yeasts, plants, diatoms, bacteria and archaea. These enzymes are very efficient catalysts playing crucial physiological/pathological roles related to acid–base homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, transport of ions, biosynthetic reactions and tumourigenesis. Many of the catalytically active CAs present in humans are targets for the drug design. CA inhibitors of the sulfonamide, sulfamate or sulfamide type show applications as antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity or antitumour agents and they target different isoforms involved in such processes (CA II and XII for the antiglaucoma action; CA VII and II for the antiepileptic one; CA VA and VB for the antiobesity activity and CA IX and XII for the antitumour effects, respectively). Various CAs present in pathogenic organisms (such as Plasmodium falciparum, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans etc.) also started to be investigated recently as drug targets. Activation of mammalian CAs by various classes of activators intensively studied may ultimately lead to the design of pharmacologically useful derivatives for the enhancement of synaptic efficacy, which may represent a conceptually new approach for the treatment of depression, Alzheimer's disease, ageing and other conditions in which spatial learning and memory therapy must be enhanced. Important progress has been achieved in the drug design of CA inhibitors and activators both by synthesising novel classes of such agents, in the search of compounds with selectivity for various isozymes and also by resolving the X-ray crystal structure of adducts of different CA isoforms with inhibitors/activators with pharmacological applications.
Human tumor necrosis factor produced by human B-cell lines: synergistic cytotoxic interaction with human interferon. (1983)

Human cell lines of hematopoietic origin were tested for production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). B-cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr virus release a factor (referred to as hTNF) that is cytotoxic for mouse L cells sensitive to mouse TNF but not for L cells resistant to mouse TNF. Exposure to 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate augmented production of hTNF. hTNF activity was not found in supernatants of cell lines of T-cell, monocytic, or promyelocytic origin. Partially purified hTNF has a molecular weight of approximately 70,000, has no interferon activity, is acid labile, is destroyed by heating at 70 degrees C for 1 hr, induces cross-resistance to mouse TNF in vitro, and causes hemorrhagic necrosis of Meth A mouse sarcoma in the standard in vivo mouse TNF assay. Tests with a panel of 23 human cancer cell lines showed that hTNF is cytotoxic for 7 cell lines, cytostatic for 5, and has no effect on 11. Comparative studies with human alpha, beta, and gamma interferons indicated that sensitivity to hTNF and interferon can be distinguished. Combined treatment with hTNF and alpha or gamma interferon resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect.
A C2 Symmetric Chiral Ketone for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA C2 Symmetric Chiral Ketone for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized OlefinsDan Yang, Yiu-Chung Yip, Man-Wai Tang, Man-Kin Wong, Jian-Hua Zheng, and Kung-Kai CheungView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 2, 491–492Publication Date (Web):January 17, 1996Publication History Received28 August 1995Published online17 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9529549https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9529549rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3001Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Catalytic activity,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
The Reactivity of Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in Alcoholic Solutions (2004)

In this work the stability of GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) in alcoholic media was studied. Under acidic conditions the GBL will react with ethanol or methanol to give the corresponding ethyl and methyl esters of GHB. It can be seen that ester formation is dependent on the type of alcohol, the alcohol content of the solution, and the pH of the solution. Under the same conditions it was shown that GHB does not give rise directly to the corresponding ester when merely in the presence of an alcohol; however the ester will be formed if the conditions are present for conversion of GHB to GBL followed by subsequent reaction with alcohol. In alcoholic beverage samples spiked with GBL the expected conversion to GHB occurred, and the formation of the ethyl ester of GHB was also seen in some samples. Wine samples were analyzed for the presence of the ethyl ester of GHB, and the effect of adding GHB/GBL to hot beverages was studied.
Configurable 3D-Printed millifluidic and microfluidic ‘lab on a chip’ reactionware devices (2012)

We utilise 3D design and 3D printing techniques to fabricate a number of miniaturised fluidic 'reactionware' devices for chemical syntheses in just a few hours, using inexpensive materials producing reliable and robust reactors. Both two and three inlet reactors could be assembled, as well as one-inlet devices with reactant 'silos' allowing the introduction of reactants during the fabrication process of the device. To demonstrate the utility and versatility of these devices organic (reductive amination and alkylation reactions), inorganic (large polyoxometalate synthesis) and materials (gold nanoparticle synthesis) processes were efficiently carried out in the printed devices.
Wound dressing with sustained anti-microbial capability (2000)

To overcome current limitations in wound dressings for treating mustard-burn induced septic wound injuries, a nonadherent wound dressing with sustained anti-microbial capability has been developed. The wound dressing consists of two layers: the upper layer is a carboxymethyl-chitin hydrogel material, while the lower layer is an anti-microbial impregnated biomaterial. The hydrogel layer acts as a mechanical and microbial barrier, and is capable of absorbing wound exudate. In physiological fluid, the carboxymethylated-chitin hydrogel swells considerably, imbibing up to 4 times its own weight of water and is also highly porous to water vapor. The moisture permeability of the dressing prevents the accumulation of fluid in heavily exudating wounds seen in second-degree burns. The lower layer, fabricated from chitosan acetate foam, is impregnated with chlorhexidine gluconate. From the in vitro release studies, the loading concentration was optimized to deliver sufficient anti-microbial drug into the wound area to sustain the anti-microbial activity for 24 h. The anti-microbial activity of the dressing against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was tested using the Bauer-Kirby Disk Diffusion Test.
Strong mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin within lipid particles of a new multiple emulsion delivery system for oral immunization (1997)

Cholera toxin (CT) is an effective mucosal adjuvant but causes significant intestinal secretion which limits its usefulness. In the present study we developed a new multiple emulsion (ME) delivery system into which antigen and CT could be incorporated and asked whether CT would retain its mucosal adjuvanticity when sequestered within emulsion particles. ME were selectively taken up into Peyer's patches, and those containing antigen plus CT generated intestinal secretory IgA and serum IgG antibody responses in mice comparable quantitatively and qualitatively to those occurring after oral immunization with soluble antigen plus CT. The ME particles containing CT did not cause intestinal secretion. The adjuvanticity of CT within ME was due to the CT present in the inner aqueous phase of the ME and was lost if CT binding was blocked by pre-incubation with GM1 ganglioside. Proteins incorporated in ME were protected from external acid, protease, and bile. We conclude that CT sequestered in ME, although unable to bind to the epithelium and thus stimulate intestinal secretion, still retains its mucosal adjuvanticity. Thus, the ability of CT to bind to enterocytes is not obligatory for its mucosal adjuvanticity.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POORLY CRYSTALLINE APAPITIES (1996)

Labile environments of carbonate and HPO4 present in synthetic poorly crystalline apatites, analogous to bone mineral crystals, can be easily and reversibly exchanged. Such reactions depend on the maturation stage of the apatites and are related to both the short range order and organization of the crystals and their specific surface area. Similar reactions may also occur in bone mineral altering its properties and function as an ion reservoir in vivo.
The emergence of mass spectrometry in biochemical research. (1994)

The initial steps toward routinely applying mass spectrometry in the biochemical laboratory have been achieved. In the past, mass spectrometry was confined to the realm of small, relatively stable molecules; large or thermally labile molecules did not survive the desorption and ionization processes intact. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry allow for the analysis of both small and large biomolecules through "mild" desorption and ionization methods. The use of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry extends beyond simple characterization. Noncovalent interactions, protein and peptide sequencing, DNA sequencing, protein folding, in vitro drug analysis, and drug discovery are among the areas to which ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry have been applied. This review summarizes recent developments and major contributions in mass spectrometry, focusing on the applications of MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry.
Two related superfamilies of putative helicases involved in replication, recombination, repair and expression of DNA and RNA genomes (1989)

In the course of systematic analysis of protein sequences containing the purine NTP-binding motif, a new superfamily was delineated which included 25 established or putative helicases of Escherichia coli, yeast, insects, mammals, pox- and herpesviruses, a yeast mitochondrial plasmid and three groups of positive strand RNA viruses. These proteins contained 7 distinct highly conserved segments two of which corresponded to the "A" and "B" sites of the NTP-binding motif. Typical of the new superfamily was an abridged consensus for the "A" site, GxGKS/T, instead of the classical G/AxxxxGKS/T. Secondary structure predictions indicated that each of the conserved segments might constitute a separate structural unit centering at a beta-turn. All previously characterized mutations impairing the function of the yeast helicase RAD3 in DNA repair mapped to one of the conserved segments. A degree of similarity was revealed between the consensus pattern of conserved amino acid residues derived for the new superfamily and that of another recently described protein superfamily including a different set of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral (putative) helicases.
Blue phosphorescent emitters: new N-heterocyclic platinum(ii) tetracarbene complexes (2008)

Photoluminescence measurements show that platinum(II) tetracarbene complexes, which could be obtained via different synthetic routes, are interesting lead structures for the development of blue emitters for PhOLEDs with good quantum yields and high photostability.
Relationship between the diameter of great saphenous vein and body mass index (2005)

OBJECTIVE: This study has been designed to correlate the diameter of the greater saphenous vein in different levels of the lower limbs with the body mass index of each individual to determine a possible relation between them. METHODS: Fifty-two lower limbs in 26 volunteers (six males and 20 females) without a chronic venous disease record, aged 21-68 were evaluated. Prior to color-flow duplex scanning the body mass index was defined. The deep and superficial venous systems and perforator veins were assessed as described in the literature. The diameter of the greater saphenous vein was measured with ultrasound longitudinal imaging in seven different levels. For the statistical analysis, Student t test for paired data and Spearman test were used. RESULTS: The difference observed in saphenous venous in the second and third levels when compared to the lower right and left limbs was not considered significant and a single group was formed to correlate with body mass index. The correlation was considered statistically irrelevant. CONCLUSION: By correlating the diameters of the greater saphenous vein with the body mass index of each individual it was noted that the relation between them is not significant, therefore it can be assumed that tall thin individuals can have greater saphenous vein with similar diameter as short fat individuals.
Influence of energy gap between charge-transfer and locally excited states on organic long persistence luminescence (2020)

Organic long-persistent luminescence (LPL) is an organic luminescence system that slowly releases stored exciton energy as light. Organic LPL materials have several advantages over inorganic LPL materials in terms of functionality, flexibility, transparency, and solution-processability. However, the molecular selection strategies for the organic LPL system still remain unclear. Here we report that the energy gap between the lowest localized triplet excited state and the lowest singlet charge-transfer excited state in the exciplex system significantly controls the LPL performance. Changes in the LPL duration and spectra properties are systematically investigated for three donor materials having a different energy gap. When the energy level of the lowest localized triplet excited state is much lower than that of the charge-transfer excited state, the system exhibits a short LPL duration and clear two distinct emission features originating from exciplex fluorescence and donor phosphorescence.
Assessment of regional left ventricular systolic function by strain imaging echocardiography in phenotypically normal and abnormal Maine coon cats tested for the A31P mutation in the MYBPC3 gene. (2017)

Myocardial dysfunction occurs in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but little is known about the early stages of the disease. Strain imaging echocardiography is a method that enables the quantitative assessment of myocardial function and deformity, allowing the characterization of systolic dysfunction. The objective of this study was to assess systolic function using strain imaging echocardiography in Maine coon cats genetically tested for the A31P mutation in the MYBPC3 gene, with and without ventricular hypertrophy. For this purpose, 57 Maine coon cats of both genders, with an unknown status regarding the mutation at inclusion, were included prospectively and evaluated by conventional and strain imaging echocardiography. Comparisons were made among cats without hypertrophy (<i>n</i> = 45), suspect cats (<i>n</i> = 7), and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (<i>n</i> = 5), and also between the heterozygous for the mutation group (<i>n</i> = 26) and the negative for the mutation group (<i>n</i> = 28). Finally, in the group of phenotypically normal cats, heterozygous cats carrying the mutation were compared to cats without the mutation. Strain values were compared among the groups (blinded prospective study). While echocardiography demonstrated normal contractility, strain values (middle of the septum) were lower in HCM cats. Strain values (base of anterior wall of the left ventricle) were lower in heterozygous than in negative cats, even before hypertrophy. Negative correlation was observed between some values of myocardial strain and thickness. While strain imaging echocardiography was able to detect systolic abnormalities, despite apparent normality on conventional echocardiography, it was not able to identify cats that carry the A31P mutation in the MYBPC3 gene. Strain imaging echocardiography could be a useful tool, however, for detecting systolic alterations in HCM cats with an apparently normal systolic function or for detecting alterations in normal carriers of the MYBPC3 gene mutation.
Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐1H,5H‐pyrido[1,2‐a]‐benzimidazol‐1‐ones as Possible Antimicrobial and Antineoplastic Agents (1984)

Abstract Syntheses of the title compounds 3 as possible antimicrobial and antineoplastic agents were achieved by reacting the active malonates 1 with the benzimidazoles 2a,b . On the other hand, reaction of 1c,d with 2‐methylbenzimidazole (2c) yielded the imidazoquinolinones 4a,b . Four compounds in the series 3 displayed in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Protective Effect of Curcuminoids on Epidermal Skin Cells under Free Oxygen Radical Stress (1997)

Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) protected normal human keratinocytes from hypoxanthine/ xanthine oxidase injury. Since curcuminoids synergistically inhibited nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, a decrease in superoxide radical formation leading to lower levels of cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide was proposed as an explanation for this protective effect.
Highly Efficient Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Using Delta1‐Fc Chimeric Protein (2006)

Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been explored in the fields of stem cell biology, gene therapy, and clinical transplantation. Here, we demonstrate efficient ex vivo expansion of HSCs measured by long-term severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) repopulating cells (SRCs) from human cord blood CD133-sorted cells using a soluble form of Delta1. After a 3-week culture on immobilized Delta1 supplemented with stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, Flt-3 ligand, interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor chimeric protein (FP6) in a serum- and stromal cell-free condition, we achieved approximately sixfold expansion of SRCs when evaluated by limiting dilution/transplantation assays. The maintenance of full multipotency and self-renewal capacity during culture was confirmed by transplantation to nonobese diabetic/SCID/gammac(null) mice, which showed myeloid, B, T, and natural killer cells as well as CD133(+)CD34(+) cells, and hematopoietic reconstitution in the secondary recipients. Interestingly, the CD133-sorted cells contained approximately 4.5 times more SRCs than the CD34-sorted cells. The present study provides a promising method to expand HSCs and encourages future trials on clinical transplantation.
Structural and electrical quality of the high-k dielectric Y2O3 on Si (001): Dependence on growth parameters (2002)

Thin films of the high-k dielectric Y2O3 are grown on Si (001) substrates by e-beam evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), aiming at correlating structural quality with electrical behavior. Films grown at high temperature of ∼450 °C have reproducibly good epitaxial crystalline quality although they exhibit poor electrical behavior. The best electrical properties are measured in films grown at a low to intermediate temperature range around 200 °C, although these films have inferior structural quality, exhibiting texturing or polycrystallinity. A possible explanation for the observed low leakage current (∼10−6 A/cm2 at +1 V) in these films is the presence of a thick (15–20 Å) and uniform interfacial amorphous layer typically formed during growth because of the oxidation of the silicon substrate. This layer is significantly reduced in samples grown at high temperature, while it almost disappears after in situ annealing to 650 °C in UHV, producing sharp interfaces and very good, stoichiometric crystalline Y2O3 epitaxial layers.