gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Vascular Wall (2001)

The role of vascular cells during inflammation is critical and is of particular importance in inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and septic shock. Research in vascular biology has progressed remarkably in the last decade, resulting in a better understanding of the vascular cell responses to inflammatory stimuli. Most of the vascular inflammatory responses are mediated through the IkappaB/nuclear factor-kappaB system. Much recent work shows that vascular inflammation can be limited by anti-inflammatory counteregulatory mechanisms that maintain the integrity and homeostasis of the vascular wall. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the vascular wall involve anti-inflammatory external signals and intracellular mediators. The anti-inflammatory external signals include the anti-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, HDL, as well as some angiogenic and growth factors. Physiological laminar shear stress is of particular importance in protecting endothelial cells against inflammatory activation. Its effects are partly mediated through NO production. Finally, endogenous cytoprotective genes or nuclear receptors, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, can be expressed by vascular cells in response to proinflammatory stimuli to limit the inflammatory process and the injury.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3-Alkoxy-6-allylthiopyridazines (2001)

Pyridazines were not thoroughly investigated becausethey don’t occur as natural products and thus allylthiogroup was introduced into pyridazine nucleus as a phar-macologically active group for drug development. 3-Alkoxy-6-allylthiopyridazines have been prepared from3,6-dichloropyridazine, prepared from maleic anhy-dride,
Repair of distal tendo Achillis rupture with the use of the Mitek Anchor System (1993)

Surgical repair of an acute, distal, tendo Achillis rupture in a 59-year-old diabetic male is described in which the Mitek Anchor System was used. The injury described is a distal tear of the insertion of the tendon into the calcaneus without avulsion fracture of the calcaneus. Sixteen months of postoperative follow-up care, including casting for equinus deformity, progressive weightbearing, range of motion exercises, and physical therapy, have been free of complications. The authors include a brief overview of historical and current reparative techniques for comparison. The authors conclude that the use of the Mitek Anchor System affords the surgeon a simple and effective method for the repair of acute, distal, tendo Achillis rupture when other methods cannot be used because of the location of the rupture.
Serological markers for prediction of response to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment in Crohn's disease (2002)

In this cohort of infliximab-treated patients, neither ASCA nor pANCA could predict response to treatment. However, the combination pANCA+/ASCA- might warrant further investigation for its value in predicting nonresponse in patients with refractory luminal disease.
Highly efficient solution‐processible phosphorescent dendrimers for organic light‐emitting diodes (2003)

Abstract— Currently, most research into organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has focused on two main classes of materials: small organic molecules and conjugated polymers. An alternative approach is to use conjugated dendrimers. We show that conjugated dendrimers are a promising new class of solution‐processible materials for use as the active layer in highly efficient organic LEDs. By optimizing the choice of device structure, host material, and electron transport layer, we can obtain efficiencies of 55 cd/A and power efficiencies of 40 lm/W. This is an excellent result for a spin‐coated emissive layer.
EEA1, an Early Endosome-Associated Protein. (1995)

Early endosomes are cellular compartments receiving endocytosed material and sorting them for vesicular transport to late endosomes and lysosomes or for recycling to the plasma membrane. We have cloned a human cDNA encoding an evolutionarily conserved 180-kDa protein on early endosomes named EEA1 (Early Endosome Antigen1). EEA1 is associated with early endosomes since it co-localizes by immunofluorescence with the transferrin receptor and with Rab5 but not with Rab7. Immunoelectron microscopy shows that it is associated with tubulovesicular early endosomes containing internalized bovine serum albumin-gold. EEA1 is a hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein present in cytosol and membrane fractions. It partitions in the aqueous phase after Triton X-114 solubilization and is extracted from membranes by 0.3 M NaCl. It is a predominantly alpha-helical protein sharing 17-20% sequence identity with the myosins and contains a calmodulin-binding IQ motif. It is flanked by metal-binding, cysteine "finger" motifs. The COOH-terminal fingers, Cys-X2-Cys-X12-Cys-X2-Cys and Cys-X2-Cys-X16-Cys-X2-Cys, are present within a region that is strikingly homologous with Saccharomyces cerevisiae FAB1 protein required for endocytosis and with Caenorhabditis elegans ZK632. These fingers also show limited conservation with S. cerevisiae VAC1, Vps11, and Vps18p proteins implicated in vacuolar transport. We propose that EEA1 is required for vesicular transport of proteins through early endosomes and that its finger motifs are required for this activity.
Image deconvolution in mirror wavelet bases (2002)

Deconvolution in presence of additive noise is an inverse problem that often occurs in image processing. We introduce a restoration algorithm which is regularized with a thresholding technique, in an optimally designed mirror wavelet basis. We prove the asymptotic optimality and the superiority of this procedure over linear methods in the set of signals with bounded variations. Besides, this restoration procedure is fast, provides excellent metric and perceptual results and has been chosen as the best method by satellite images photointerpreters from the French space agency (CNES), among several different competing algorithms.
Reactivity of Acetylenyl-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold:  Triazole Formation (2004)

We report the reactivity of acetylenyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold toward "click" chemistry, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar addition, leading to the formation of triazoles. After the formation of acetylenyl-terminated SAMs, the triazole formation was performed on the SAMs and the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle goniometry. "Click" chemistry has offered a versatile strategy for the functionalization in solution chemistry with mild reaction conditions and a high compatibility in functional groups, and our result shows that the reaction could be applied to acetylenyl-terminated SAMs for the introduction of useful functional groups to the surfaces.
Interaction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with human lung fibroblasts: role of receptor sites (1979)

The biochemical nature of the neuraminidase-sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae receptor site on human lung fibroblast cells was studied. Purified, mixed sialoglycolipid (ganglioside) preparations from human and bovine tissues did not bind to M. pneumoniae organisms and block their subsequent attachment to fibroblasts. Fibroblasts incubated for 24 h in sialoglycolipid solutions to increase the ganglioside content of their membranes did not show increased pathogen attachment when later incubated with mycoplasmas. HeLa cells grown in the presence of sodium butyrate to increase GM3 ganglioside levels likewise did not have significantly increased uptake of M. pneumoniae organisms. Treatment of fibroblasts with enzymes indicated that the mycoplasma receptor site is trypsin and papain resistant but Pronase sensitive. Pronase digests of fibroblast membranes contained a product(s) which combined with M. pneumoniae cellls and cosedimented with them during centrifugation. Glycoproteins, purified from fibroblast membranes by a lithium diiodosalicylate solubilization technique, similarly bound to M. pneumoniae organisms. Collectively, these data suggest that the major component of the M. pneumoniae receptor site is a sialoglycoprotein with little or no lipid.
Meltdown (2018)

The security of computer systems fundamentally relies on memory isolation, e.g., kernel address ranges are marked as non-accessible and are protected from user access. In this paper, we present Meltdown. Meltdown exploits side effects of out-of-order execution on modern processors to read arbitrary kernel-memory locations including personal data and passwords. Out-of-order execution is an indispensable performance feature and present in a wide range of modern processors. The attack works on different Intel microarchitectures since at least 2010 and potentially other processors are affected. The root cause of Meltdown is the hardware. The attack is independent of the operating system, and it does not rely on any software vulnerabilities. Meltdown breaks all security assumptions given by address space isolation as well as paravirtualized environments and, thus, every security mechanism building upon this foundation. On affected systems, Meltdown enables an adversary to read memory of other processes or virtual machines in the cloud without any permissions or privileges, affecting millions of customers and virtually every user of a personal computer. We show that the KAISER defense mechanism for KASLR has the important (but inadvertent) side effect of impeding Meltdown. We stress that KAISER must be deployed immediately to prevent large-scale exploitation of this severe information leakage.
Attention-based Mixture Density Recurrent Networks for History-based Recommendation (2017)

The goal of personalized history-based recommendation is to automatically output a distribution over all the items given a sequence of previous purchases of a user. In this work, we present a novel approach that uses a recurrent network for summarizing the history of purchases, continuous vectors representing items for scalability, and a novel attention-based recurrent mixture density network, which outputs each component in a mixture sequentially, for modelling a multi-modal conditional distribution. We evaluate the proposed approach on two publicly available datasets, MovieLens-20M and RecSys15. The experiments show that the proposed approach, which explicitly models the multi-modal nature of the predictive distribution, is able to improve the performance over various baselines in terms of precision, recall and nDCG.
Grading of Ovarian Carcinomas (2000)

Grading of ovarian carcinomas can have important implications for therapeutic decisions, in particular in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I. However, there are no universally accepted grading guidelines for this type of cancer. We applied the grading system suggested by Shimizu et al. (1) to a series of ovarian carcinomas from a single institution to evaluate its prognostic significance in relation to other predictive factors. One hundred ninety-two cases of ovarian carcinomas were studied, including all major histologic types. The histologic slides were evaluated with regard to architecture (glandular = 1 point, papillary = 2 points, solid = 3 points), nuclear pleomorphism (nuclear variability < or = 2:1 = 1 point, intermediate nuclei = 2 points, nuclear variability > or = 4:1 = 3 points), and mitotic activity per 10 high-power fields using objective 40x, ocular 10x/20 (0-7 mitoses = 1 point, 8-18 mitoses = 2 points, > or = 9 mitoses = 3 points). Carcinomas with a total score of 3-5 points were designated as grade I, 6-7 points were designated as grade II, and 8-9 points were designated as grade III. Kaplan-Meier curves showed the following 5-year survival rates: grade I (n = 42) 88%, grade II (n = 98) 60%, grade III (n = 52) 38% (p < 0.0001); stage I 90%, stage II 60%, stage III 38%, stage IV 10% (p < 0.0001); residual disease < or = 2 cm 67% and > or = 2 cm 27% (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that grade (p < 0.0002), as well as nuclear pleomorphism alone (p < 0.0001), both provided statistically significant independent prognostic information. Our observations showed that the grading system used can be easily applied to all histologic types of ovarian carcinomas yielding prognostically relevant information and can be incorporated into routine diagnostic practice.
Color-based hybrid reconstruction for endoscopy (2012)

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of images acquired during endoscopy presents an enormous opportunity for computer vision, however reconstructing geometry from such images is challenging due to lack of features. Shape From Shading (SFS) is an approach to obtain the shape of an object from a single image, but most current methods that are applicable to endoscopy are susceptible to errors caused by surfaces with differing reflectance characteristics. Another weakness of SFS is that while it has high frequency detail information, its shape is inaccurate in the low frequency sense, which makes it difficult to compare to ground truth. Multiview reconstruction (MR), on the other hand, yields reliable shape but lacks details. In this paper, we propose a novel method to perform SFS using a color projection that minimizes intensity variance caused by differing surface characteristics. We then combine the resulting reconstruction with a multiview reconstruction obtained from bundle adjustment, and combine the two reconstructions using an approach inspired by Laplacian surface editing to get a reconstruction that is accurate both in details and overall shape. We compare our results to ground truth to show improvement over existing approaches.
LLS: Cooperative integration of wear-leveling and salvaging for PCM main memory (2011)

Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising technology for main memory due to many advantages, such as better scalability, non-volatility and fast read access. However, PCM's limited write endurance restricts its immediate use as a replacement for DRAM. Recent studies have revealed that a PCM chip which integrates millions to billions of bit cells has non-negligible variations in write endurance. Wear leveling techniques have been proposed to balance write operations to different PCM regions. To further prolong the lifetime of a PCM device after the failure of weak cell, techniques have been proposed to remap failed lines to spares and to salvage a PCM device that has a large number of failed lines or pages with graceful degradation. However, current wear-leveling and salvaging schemes have not been designed and integrated to work cooperatively to achieve the best PCM device lifetime. In particular, a non-contiguous PCM space generated from salvaging complicates wear leveling and incurs large overhead. In this paper, we propose LLS, a Line-Level mapping and Salvaging design. By allocating a dynamic portion of total space in a PCM device as backup space, and mapping failed lines to backup PCM, LLS constructs a contiguous PCM space and masks lower-level failures from the OS and applications. LLS seamlessly integrates wear leveling and salvaging and copes well with modern OSs, including ones that support multiple page sizes. Our experimental results show that LLS achieves 24% longer lifetime than a state-of-the-art technique. It has negligible hardware cost and performance overhead.
Antibacterial Ointments Versus Petrolatum-Based Ointments in Clean Wounds for Wound Healing (2012)

Background: Clean wounds are a frequent occurrence in the medical field and medical providers provide varied advice for wound care. Topical antibacterial ointments are commonly used to facilitate wound healing in patients with these types of wounds. Topical antibacterial ointments have been shown to cause allergic contact dermatitis, may cause an increase in antibiotic resistance, and may be equally efficacious when compared to petrolatum-based ointments for healing clean wounds.\nMethod: An exhaustive search of available medical literature was performed using Medline, CINHAL, and Cochrane databases. Search terms were: antibacterial agents, wound healing, and petrolatum. Articles were limited to humans and English language only. Studies were excluded if wounds were not clean, the study was not performed in a double blinded fashion, or if the study was not performed in the last 20 years.\nResults: Four studies were found through the literature search after inclusion and exclusion criteria were met. All studies found that petrolatum-based ointments were as efficacious in the healing of clean wounds as antibacterial agents. Two of the studies had occurrences of allergic contact dermatitis.\nConclusion: Current studies suggest that petrolatum-based ointments are equally effective in healing clean wounds when compared to antibiotic based ointments. Using an antibiotic ointment does not decrease the rate of infection and puts patients at risk for allergic contact dermatitis and antibiotic resistance.
C-HTTP-the development of a secure, closed HTTP-based network on the Internet (2002)

We have designed "C-HTTP" which provides secure HTTP communication mechanisms within a closed group of institutions on the Internet, where each member is protected by its own firewall. C-HTTP-based communications are made possible by the following three components: a client-side proxy, a sewer-side proxy and a C-HTTP name server. A client-side proxy and server-side proxy communicate with each other using a secure, encrypted protocol while communications between a user agent and client-side proxy or an origin sewer and sewer-side proxy are performed using current HTTP/1.0. In a C-HTTP-based network, instead of DNS, a C-HTTP-based secure, encrypted name and certification service is used. The aim of C-HTTP is to assure institutional level security and is different in scope from other secure HTTP protocols currently proposed which are oriented toward secure end-to-end HTTP communications in which security protection is dependent on each end-user.
Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles in <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (2017)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> has great intrinsic antimicrobial resistance limiting the number of effective antibiotics. Thus, other antimicrobial agents such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered potential agents to help manage and prevent infections. AgNPs can be used in several applications against bacteria resistant to common antibiotics or even multi-resistant bacteria such as <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of commercial 10 nm AgNPs on two hospital strains of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> resistant to a large number of antibiotics and a reference strain from a culture collection. All strains were susceptible to 5 µg/mL nanoparticles solution. Reference strains INCQS 0230 and P.a.1 were sensitive to AgNPs at concentrations of 1.25 and 0.156 µg/mL, respectively; however, this was not observed for hospital strain P.a.2, which was more resistant to all antibiotics and AgNPs tested. Cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that AgNPs, up to a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, are very safe for all cell lines tested. At 5.0 µg/mL, AgNPs had a discrete cytotoxic effect on tumor cells HeLa and HepG2. Results showed the potential of using AgNPs as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents that are currently used, and a perspective for application of nanosilver with antibiotics to enhance antimicrobial activity.
High level perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) in ulcerative colitis patients before colectomy predicts the development of chronic pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (2001)

High level pANCA before colectomy is significantly associated with the development of chronic pouchitis after IPAA.
Direct Fabrication and Harvesting of Monodisperse, Shape-Specific Nanobiomaterials (2005)

A versatile "top-down" method for the fabrication of particles, Particle Replication In Nonwetting Templates (PRINT), is described which affords absolute control over particle size, shape, and composition. This technique is versatile and general enough to fabricate particles with a variety of chemical structures, yet delicate enough to be compatible with sophisticated biological agents. Using PRINT, we have fabricated monodisperse particles of poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate), triacrylate resin, poly(lactic acid), and poly(pyrrole). Monodisperse particle populations, ranging from sub-200 nm nanoparticles to complex micron-scale objects, have been fabricated and harvested. PRINT uses low-surface energy, chemically resistant fluoropolymers as molding materials, which eliminates the formation of a residual interconnecting film between molded objects. Until now, the presence of this film has largely prevented particle fabrication using soft lithography. Importantly, we have demonstrated that PRINT affords the simple, straightforward encapsulation of a variety of important bioactive agents, including proteins, DNA, and small-molecule therapeutics, which indicates that PRINT can be used to fabricate next-generation particulate drug-delivery agents.
Know Thyself: NK-Cell Inhibitory Receptors Prompt Self-Tolerance, Education, and Viral Control (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells provide essential protection against viral infections. One of the defining features of this lymphocyte population is the expression of a wide array of variable cell surface stimulatory and inhibitory NK receptors (sNKR and iNKR, respectively). The iNKR are particularly important in terms of NK-cell education. As receptors specific for MHC class I (MHC I) molecules, they are responsible for self-tolerance and adjusting NK-cell reactivity based on the expression level of self-MHC I. The end result of this education is twofold: (1) inhibitory signaling tunes the functional capacity of the NK cell, endowing greater potency with greater education, and (2) education on self allows the NK cell to detect aberrations in MHC I expression, a common occurrence during many viral infections. Many studies have indicated an important role for iNKR and MHC I in disease, making these receptors attractive targets for manipulating NK-cell reactivity in the clinic. A greater understanding of iNKR and their ability to regulate NK cells will provide a basis for future attempts at translating their potential utility into benefits for human health.
Mutation-Specific Antibodies for the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2009)

This simple assay for detection of EGFR mutations in diagnostic human tissues provides a rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective method to identify lung cancer patients responsive to EGFR-based therapies.
Identification of the catalytic site of rat liver glutathione peroxidase as selenocysteine (1978)

A procedure was developed to isolate 75Se-labeled rat liver glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) at 30--50% purity with 20--30% yields in 4--5 days. Using these preparations of glutathione peroxidase, the selenium moiety in the enzyme was identified as selenocysteine by derivatizing the seleno group with either iodoacetate or ethylenimine in the intact protein, hydrolyzing the protein with 6 N HCl, and cochromatographing the 75Se-labeled products with known standards. Techniques employed were anion-exchange chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, gel-permeation chromatography, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and automated amino acid analysis. The selenocysteine moiety was identified as the catalytic site in glutathione peroxidase by specifically labeling the enzyme with [14C]iodoacetate on the 75Se-labeled selenium atom and fractionating the 14C, 75Se-labeled derivative after acid hydrolysis. It was concluded that the reduced form of glutathione peroxidase contains the selenocysteine selenol (-SeH) at the catalytic site.