gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of severe pain from osteoarthritis with slow-release tramadol or dihydrocodeine in combination with NSAID's: a randomised study comparing analgesia, antinociception and gastrointestinal effects (2001)

Opioids are increasingly used in the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain. The aim of this open-label, randomised, parallel group study was to compare analgesia and side-effects of two commonly used opioid analgesics, tramadol and dihydrocodeine, in long-acting formulations in 60 osteoarthritis patients with strong pain despite NSAID's. Dose titration based on effect was performed with the respective immediate release solutions given additionally to tramadol 100 mg bid and dihydrocodeine 60 mg bid during the first 4 days of the 1 month treatment. Electrical sensation and pain thresholds over the osteoarthritic joint and at a distant location and gastrointestinal transit times were performed before and during treatment. Thirty patients with pain controlled by NSAID's alone formed the comparator group. Pain intensities at rest and during movement decreased highly significantly with tramadol and dihydrocodeine from median pre-treatment verbal ratings of over 3 (0=none, 4=unbearable) to 1 and below from the second treatment day onwards (ANOVA P<0.0001). Pain at rest was significantly lower with tramadol (ANOVA P=0.04), but ratings were similar during movement. Mean (95% CI) daily doses on days 1 and 28 were 209 (198-220) mg and 203 (191-206) mg of tramadol, and 129 (122-136) mg and 130 (121-134) mg of dihydrocodeine, respectively. Minor side-effects were more common with tramadol (P=0.04). Changes in bowel functions and symptoms were minor with both treatments, but the frequency of defaecation was lower and stools were harder with dihydrocodeine. Orocaecal transit time remained unchanged and similar to controls with both analgesics. Colonic transit times only increased significantly during treatment with dihydrocodeine. Sensation and pain thresholds were lower pre-treatment in both groups than in controls and increased during treatment. These antinociceptive effects were more marked in the tramadol group and distant from the osteoarthritic joint. We conclude rapid pain relief was achieved with both long-acting tramadol and dihydrocodeine with NSAID's in strong osteoarthritis pain. Minimal dose titration was required and side-effects were minor. Tramadol interfered less with intestinal function and showed greater antinociceptive action.
Intraclonal diversity in the VH genes expressed by CD5- chronic lymphocytic leukemia-producing pathologic IgM rheumatoid factor. (1990)

The leukemic cells from 95% of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) coexpress B cell differentiation antigens and the pan-T lymphocyte surface antigen CD5 (Leu 1). As such, CLL generally may be considered a malignancy of the CD5 B cell, a minor B cell subpopulation implicated in the production of autoantibodies. Recent data indicate that CD5+ leukemic cells may express autoantibody-associated V region genes with little or no somatic mutation. We examined the Heavy chain V genes expressed by an unusual CLL that secretes rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies but does not express the CD5 surface Ag. Nucleic acid sequence analyses of the rearranged VH genes of three independent rDNA clones demonstrated intraclonal diversity not apparent in previously studied cases of CD5+ CLL. Comparison of the rearranged VH genes reveals that they belong to the VH4 gene subgroup and share highest homology with a rearranged VH gene (Ab44) that encodes a polyreactive autoantibody. That these productively rearranged VH genes encode the RF generated by this unusual CLL population is demonstrated by immunoblotting of the RF paraprotein using primary sequence dependent antipeptide antisera. These results indicate that CD5- CLL, like their CD5+ counterparts, may produce RF. However, unlike CD5+ CLL examined to date, CD5- CLL may have intraclonal diversity in their expressed Ig genes.
Fabrication of Two- and Three-Dimensional Silica Nanocolloidal Particle Arrays (2003)

Monodispersed silica spheres with diameters of 100−500 nm were prepared by hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of water and ammonia in ethanol medium. Silica colloidal sphere sizes were controlled by changing ammonium concentration at fixed TEOS and water concentrations. These silica spheres settle out from their alcoholic dispersion to form closely packed three-dimensional (3-D) particle arraysi.e., photonic crystals that exhibit vivid optical diffraction due to a high degree of ordering of the particles. The lattice constant of the opal photonic crystal structure, as determined by optical diffraction, was found to be in a good agreement with that observed by SEM measurements. Highly purified silica nanospheres could also self-assemble to form 3-D crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) in water, which give narrow and continuously tunable diffraction peaks in the visible range. By grafting hydrocarbon chains on silica surfaces using the silane coupling agent octadecyltrimethoxysilane, hydrophobic silica nanospheres were obtained, and they readily self-assemble at the air−water interface to form closely packed two-dimensional (2-D) particle arrays. Such 2-D particle arrays could be collected onto solid substrates to form monolayer or multilayer thin films with controlled film thickness according to the particle size.
The Use of a Fibrinogen Coagulum in Pyelolithotomy (1946)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1946The Use of a Fibrinogen Coagulum in Pyelolithotomy1 John E. Dees John E. DeesJohn E. Dees More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)69808-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1946 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByKalash S, Young J and Campbell E (2018) Expansion of Inadequate Volume of Coagulum For Pyelolithotomy: An Experimental and Clinical StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 134, NO. 5, (874-875), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1985.Scardino P (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 134, NO. 5, (875-875), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1985.McRoberts J (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 134, NO. 5, (875-875), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1985.Sutherland J (2018) Residual Postoperative Upper Urinary Tract StoneJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 5, (573-575), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1981.Resnick M (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 126, NO. 5, (575-575), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1981.Sherer J (2018) Cryoprecipitate Coagulum PyelolithotomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 123, NO. 5, (621-624), Online publication date: 1-May-1980.Marshall S (2018) Commercial Fibrinogen, Autogenous Plasma, Whole Blood and Cryoprecipitate for Coagulum Pyelolithotomy: A Comparative StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 119, NO. 3, (310-311), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1978.Rathore A and Harrison J (2018) Coagulum Pyelolithotomy using Autogenous Plasma and Bovine ThrombinJournal of Urology, VOL. 116, NO. 1, (8-10), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1976.Zufall R and Pomerantz W (2018) Audio Amplification in Pyelolithotomy and NephrolithotomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 102, NO. 5, (560-561), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1969.Newman H (2018) Renal Hypothermia Produced by Direct Application of IceJournal of Urology, VOL. 89, NO. 3, (319-324), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1963.Dees J (2018) Coagulum PyelolithotomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 73, NO. 3, (445-450), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1955.Moore T and Sweetser T (2018) Coagulum Pelviolithotomy; An Improved TechniqueJournal of Urology, VOL. 67, NO. 5, (579-584), Online publication date: 1-May-1952.Harrison J and Trichel B (2018) Experiences with Fibrin Coagulum in PyelolithotomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 62, NO. 1, (1-12), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1949. Volume 56Issue 3September 1946Page: 271-283 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1946 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information John E. Dees More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Functional Nucleic Acid Sensors (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFunctional Nucleic Acid SensorsJuewen Liu, Zehui Cao, and Yi Lu*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801* To whom correspondence should be addressed: Telephone: 217-333-2619. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 5, 1948–1998Publication Date (Web):March 20, 2009Publication History Received10 January 2008Published online20 March 2009Published inissue 13 May 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030183ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030183ireview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34075Altmetric-Citations1929LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Genetics,Metal nanoparticles,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Christchurch experience of pulmonary embolism with and without thrombolysis. (2010)

Thrombolysis was successfully performed with relatively low in-patient and 6-month event rate. Long term advantage over routine anticoagulation was not demonstrated. The role of thrombolysis in normotensive patients with large clot burden remains uncertain. CTPA markers of RV strain correlated well with echocardiography.
Multi-level effects of flt3 ligand on human hematopoiesis: expansion of putative stem cells and proliferation of granulomonocytic progenitors/monocytic precursors (1995)

We have evaluated the effects of the flt3 receptor ligand (FL) on hematopoietic progenitors/stem cells (HPCs/HSCs) stringently purified from adult peripheral blood and grown in different culture systems. In these experiments HPCs/HSCs were treated with FL +/- kit ligand (KL) +/- monocyte colony-stimulatory factor (M-CSF). In clonogenetic HPC culture supplemented with interleukin-3 (IL-3)/granulomonocyte-CSF (GM-CSF)/erythropoietin (Epo), FL potentiates colony-forming unit (CFU)-GM proliferation in terms of colony number and size, but exerts little effect on burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and CFU-granulocyte erythroid megakaryocyte macrophage (CFU-GEMM) growth, whereas KL enhances the proliferation of all HPC types; combined FL+KL +/- M-CSF treatment causes a striking shift of CFU-GM colonies from granulocytic to monocytic differentiation. In liquid suspension HPC culture, FL alone induces differentiation along the monocytic and to a minor extent the basophilic lineages, whereas M-CSF alone stimulates prevalent monocytic differentiation but little cell proliferation: combined M-CSF+FL treatment causes both proliferation and almost exclusive monocytic differentiation (97% monocytes in fetal calf serum-rich (FCS+) culture conditions, mean value). At primitive HPC level, FL potentiates the clonogenetic capacity of colony-forming units-blast (CFU-B) and high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) in primary and secondary culture; KL exerts a similar action, and additive effects are induced by FL combined with KL. More important, addition of FL alone causes a significant amplification of the number of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), ie, putative repopulating HSCs, whereas this effect is not induced by KL. The FL effects correlate with flt3 mRNA expression in HPCs differentiating throught the erythroid or GM pathway in liquid suspension culture: (1) flt3 mRNA is expressed in freshly purified, resting HPCs; after growth factor stimulus the message (2) is abruptly down-modulated in HPC erythroid differentiation, but (3) is sustainedly expressed through HPC GM differentiation and abolished in GM precursor maturation. This pattern contrasts with the gradual downmodulation of c-kit through both erythroid and GM HPC differentiation. The results indicate that FL exerts a stimulatory action on primitive HPCs, including a unique expanding effect on putative stem cells, whereas its distal proliferative/differentiative action is largely restricted to CFU-GM and monocytic precursors. The latter effect is potentiated by KL and M-CSF, thus suggesting that the structural similarities of FL, KL, M-CSF, and their tyrosine kinase receptors may mediate positive interactions of these growth factors son monocytic differentiation.
GPS roadside integrated precision positioning system (2002)

A real-time integrated navigation system with 2-cm position accuracy was developed using commercial off-the shelf (COTS) equipment including inertial sensors and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and was demonstrated for transportation applications with an emphasis on lane departure detection. A 900-MHz radiofrequency communications link transmits GPS base station range and carrier phase measurements to a GPS receiver on the vehicle. The GPS receiver calculates the vehicle position relative to the surveyed base location. The loosely coupled eight-state extended Kalman filter with 10-Hz navigation aids provides smoothed position information between 2-Hz GPS updates and provides graceful degradation in the presence of GPS blockages or communication dropouts. Currently, the navigation aids include anti-lock braking system wheel turns, electronic compass heading and pitch, and map vertical height. Data acquisition and Kalman filtering systems were developed to handle real-time processing and recording of all instrument data for further post-test system evaluation to determine the optimum configuration. An accurate rapid survey and map representation approach for measuring lane boundaries was validated using a vehicle, demonstrating inherit repeatability by the GPS positioning system. Real-time lane departure monitoring was developed. A video camera was installed to assist in accurate surveying and real-time system validation. This GPS-based positioning system is suitable for highway speeds during all weather conditions. It can be extended to other collision avoidance, drowsy driver awareness, advanced curve or intersection warnings, SOS, tracking, automated control, fast precision road mapping, and traffic management applications.
Functional G Protein-Coupled Receptor Assays for Primary and Secondary Screening (2005)

Screening technologies for G protein-coupled receptors comprise two major approaches; homogeneous assays, conducted in microtiter plate formats, and protein redistribution assays that require imaged-based analysis using automated confocal systems. Generally, the former are used in primary screening campaigns for lead identification, while the latter are used in secondary screens for lead optimization. Homogeneous assays measure changes in G protein-coupled receptor second messengers such as cAMP, Ins P3 or calcium. Protein redistribution assays assess internalization of the receptor ligand complex or translocation of G-protein coupled receptor-associated proteins, such as beta-arrestin. In the present review functional cell based approaches are discussed, emphasizing the variety of non radiometric technologies now in use for HTS.
An innovative bipolar instrument for laparoscopic surgery. (2005)

The BiCOAG bipolar dissector/grasper is a cost-effective, efficient instrument for use in operative laparoscopic procedures.
Ferroelectric properties and fatigue of PbZr0.51Ti0.49O3 thin films of varying thickness: Blocking layer model (1994)

Ferroelectric capacitors having Pt bottom and top electrodes and a ferroelectric film of composition PbZr0.51Ti0.49O3 (PZT) were fabricated and investigated. The PZT films of thicknesses varying from 0.12 to 0.69 μm were prepared by organometallic chemical-vapor deposition. Annealed capacitors were investigated by capacitance, hysteresis, and pulse switching measurements. It is found that the thickness dependence of the reciprocal capacitance, the coercive voltage, and the polarization measured by pulse switching can all be explained by a blocking layer model, in which a dielectric layer of thickness dbl and relative permittivity εbl is situated between the PZT film and an electrode. It is shown that (i) the coercive field is independent of thickness having a value of 2.4 V/μm; (ii) the ratio εbl/dbl is in the range 20–28 nm−1; (iii) the voltage across the blocking layer is proportional to the polarization, Vbl=cP, where c=4.1±0.5 V m2/C; and (iv) the polarization depends on the electric field in the PZT layer, independent of thickness. Pulse switching endurance measurements showed that in the saturation range the fatigue for these ferroelectric capacitors is determined by the pulse voltage and is independent of the thickness.
Polymerization of Lactide with Zinc and Magnesium β-Diiminate Complexes:  Stereocontrol and Mechanism (2001)

A series of zinc(II) and magnesium(II) alkoxides based upon a beta-diiminate ligand framework has been prepared. [(BDI-1)ZnO(i)Pr](2) [(BDI-1) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] exhibited the highest activity and stereoselectivity of the zinc complexes studied for the polymerization of rac- and meso-lactide to poly(lactic acid) (PLA). [(BDI-1)ZnO(i)()Pr](2) polymerized (S,S)-lactide to isotactic PLA without epimerization of the monomer, rac-lactide to heterotactic PLA (P(r) = 0.94 at 0 degrees C), and meso-lactide to syndiotactic PLA (P(r) = 0.76 at 0 degrees C). The polymerizations are living, as evidenced by the narrow polydispersities of the isolated polymers in addition to the linear nature of number average molecular weight versus conversion plots and monomer-to-catalyst ratios. The substituents on the beta-diiminate ligand exert a significant influence upon the course of the polymerizations, affecting both the degree of stereoselectivity and the rate of polymerization. Kinetic studies with [(BDI-1)ZnO(i)Pr](2) indicate that the polymerizations are first order with respect to monomer (rac-lactide) and 1.56 order in catalyst. Polymerization experiments with [(BDI-1)MgO(i)Pr](2) revealed that this complex is extremely fast for the polymerization of rac-lactide, polymerizing 500 equiv in 96% yield in less than 5 min at 20 degrees C.
Optical Properties of the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Spectral Range 400–2500 nm (2005)

The optical characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue are studied in the wavelength range 400–2500 nm. The experiments are conducted in vitro using a Cary 2415 spectrophotometer. Based on the measured diffuse reflectance and total transmittance spectra, the spectra of the absorption and transport scattering coefficients are calculated in terms of the inverse adding-doubling method.
A solution for the most basic optimization problem associated with an ROC curve (2006)

In a few cases, such as early pregnancy tests, the test results are dichotomous; many diagnostic tests, however, give results which are not binary. In the diagnosis of prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen test result is on a continuous scale; or, in radiology, assessment of mammograms is on an ordinal scale. In such cases, the accuracy of the marker or test is often first summarized in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and then as the area under that curve. The area under the ROC curve, however, only shows the 'potential' of a marker; sooner or later, for practical uses, we still need to dichotomize the test result so that we can classify subjects as 'diseased' or 'healthy'. Finding an 'optimal' cutpoint to dichotomize a continuous marker is desirable and is a very basic problem but, in all or most cases, cutpoints used in practice are arbitrary. The difficulty lies in our failure to define and justify a criterion for optimality. In this paper, we will propose a solution by maximizing a well-known parameter--the Youden's Index--within the framework of the ROC curve.
Raman amplification using high-power incoherent semiconductor pump sources (2003)

We have demonstrated 7 dB of C-band amplification from a DRA; pumped using novel incoherent high-power (>450 mW) semiconductor sources with a broad spectral bandwidth (>35 nm). The low-frequency RIN of these sources can be suppressed below -140 dB/Hz.
Borrowing to make ends meet (1999)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Error-rate degradation due to fiber four-wave mixing in a 622-Mbit/s 16-channel FDM heterodyne system (1994)

As a nonlinear intermodulation interference,1-3 four-wave mixing (FWM) is a major problem for multichannel systems. Evaluating the bit-error-rate (BER) degradation due to FWM is indispensable in the design of FDM optical networks. In previous investigations theoretical expressions have been derived for the BER degradation.4,5 In this work we attempt to experimentally verify the theory given in Refs. 4 and 5 by using a 622-Mbit/s 16-channel heterodyne system. We also predict the allowable power into a dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) in the frequency- division-multiplexing (FDM) systems carrying several tens of channels.
Ca 2+ -Induced Ca 2+ Release in Sea Urchin Egg Homogenates: Modulation by Cyclic ADP-Ribose (1991)

Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) may function widely in calcium-mediated cell signaling, but has been most thoroughly characterized in muscle cells. In a homogenate of sea urchin eggs, which display transients in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during fertilization and anaphase, addition of Ca2+ triggered CICR. Ca2+ release was also induced by the CICR modulators ryanodine and caffeine. Responses to both Ca2+ and CICR modulators (but not Ca2+ release mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) were inhibited by procaine and ruthenium red, inhibitors of CICR. Intact eggs also displayed transients of [Ca2+]i when microinjected with ryanodine. Cyclic ADP-ribose, a metabolite with potent Ca(2+)-releasing properties, appears to act by way of the CICR mechanism and may thus be an endogenous modulator of CICR. A CICR mechanism is present in these nonmuscle cells as is assumed in various models of intracellular Ca2+ wave propagation.