gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High temperature to increase throughput in liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with a porous graphitic carbon stationary phase (2007)

Abstract High separation temperatures in liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with a porous graphitic carbon column were investigated. Separation temperature was varied up to 200°C, and the effect on retention, analysis time, and sensitivity was measured. Analysis times were reduced more than six‐fold, whilst baseline resolution was maintained. The impact of the separation temperature on signal‐to‐noise ratio with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation or electrospray mass spectrometric detection was also investigated. The potential of using superheated water for the analysis of some very polar compounds is illustrated. Monitoring of column stability detected no loss of performance, due to the highly stable nature of the 100% carbon stationary phase.
Monoclonal antibodies that mimic the action of anti-D in the amelioration of murine ITP act by a mechanism distinct from that of IVIg (2004)

The mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and polyclonal anti-D-mediated reversal of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is still unclear. However, in a murine model of ITP, the therapeutic effect of IVIg appears to be wholly dependent upon the expression of the inhibitory Fc receptor, Fc gamma RIIB. We previously demonstrated that, similar to anti-D in humans, 2 erythrocyte-reactive monoclonal antibodies (TER119 and M1/69) ameliorated murine ITP and inhibited reticuloendothelial system (RES) function at doses that protected against thrombocytopenia. The current study evaluated the involvement of the inhibitory and activating Fc receptors, Fc gamma RIIB and Fc gamma RIIIA, respectively, in the TER119 and M1/69-mediated inhibition of thrombocytopenia. In contrast to IVIg, in Fc gamma RIIB-deficient mice, both monoclonal antibodies ameliorated ITP and both significantly down-regulated the level of expression of the activating Fc gamma RIIIA in splenic macrophages. These results indicate that anti-erythrocyte antibodies that ameliorate ITP act independently of Fc gamma RIIB expression but are dependent upon the activating Fc gamma RIIIA.
Finite-size effects in nickel nanowire arrays (2000)

Nickel nanowire arrays with diameters in the range 30--500 nm have been fabricated by electrochemical deposition into nanoporous, single-crystal mica templates, which allow measurements of the magnetic properties of nickel nanowire arrays at high temperatures. The Curie temperature is found to be reduced by as much as 51 K for the 30 nm diameter nanowires. The Curie temperature shift with wire diameter follows the finite-size scaling relation with $\ensuremath{\lambda}=0.94$ and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}=22\AA{}.$
Effect of the acetylator phenotype on amrinone pharmacokinetics (1986)

Ten healthy male subjects were phenotyped with isoniazid for their acetylator status and then received intravenous amrinone at a dose of 75 mg during a period of 10 minutes. Blood samples were drawn at specified times during a 24-hour period after dosing. Plasma concentrations of amrinone were determined by a specific HPLC method. The plasma concentration data were fitted to a biexponential model by nonlinear regression. The mean apparent first-order elimination t1/2 for amrinone in the slow acetylators was 4.4 hours, whereas it was 2.0 hours in the fast acetylators (P less than 0.05). There was little difference in the volume of distribution at steady state. Clearance was lower in the slow acetylators, 16.6 L/hr, than in the fast acetylators, 37.2 L/hr (P less than 0.05). The AUC was higher for the slow acetylators, 4.96 micrograms X hr X ml-1, than for the fast acetylators, 2.20 micrograms X hr X ml-1 (P less than 0.01). Concentrations of amrinone and its N-acetyl metabolite in the urine from each volunteer were determined. The ratio of N-acetylamrinone to amrinone was calculated and, as expected, the fast acetylators had a higher ratio than did the slow acetylators (P less than 0.01).
Plant Hsp90 Proteins Interact with B-Cells and Stimulate Their Proliferation (2011)

Our results show for the first time that spleen cell proliferation can be stimulated by a non-pathogen-derived Hsp90. Furthermore, our data provide a new example of a non-pathogen-derived ligand for TLRs.
ALOHA Random Access that Operates as a Rateless Code (2013)

Various applications of wireless Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications have rekindled the research interest in random access protocols, suitable to support a large number of connected devices. Slotted ALOHA and its derivatives represent a simple solution for distributed random access in wireless networks. Recently, a framed version of slotted ALOHA gained renewed interest due to the incorporation of successive interference cancellation (SIC) in the scheme, which resulted in substantially higher throughputs. Based on similar principles and inspired by the rateless coding paradigm, a frameless approach for distributed random access in the slotted ALOHA framework is described in this paper. The proposed approach shares an operational analogy with rateless coding, expressed both through the user access strategy and the adaptive length of the contention period, with the objective to end the contention when the instantaneous throughput is maximized. The paper presents the related analysis, providing heuristic criteria for terminating the contention period and showing that very high throughputs can be achieved, even for a low number for contending users. The demonstrated results potentially have more direct practical implications compared to the approaches for coded random access that lead to high throughputs only asymptotically.
Learning 3D Human Dynamics from Video (2018)

From an image of a person in action, we can easily guess the 3D motion of the person in the immediate past and future. This is because we have a mental model of 3D human dynamics that we have acquired from observing visual sequences of humans in motion. We present a framework that can similarly learn a representation of 3D dynamics of humans from video via a simple but effective temporal encoding of image features. At test time, from video, the learned temporal representation give rise to smooth 3D mesh predictions. From a single image, our model can recover the current 3D mesh as well as its 3D past and future motion. Our approach is designed so it can learn from videos with 2D pose annotations in a semi-supervised manner. Though annotated data is always limited, there are millions of videos uploaded daily on the Internet. In this work, we harvest this Internet-scale source of unlabeled data by training our model on unlabeled video with pseudo-ground truth 2D pose obtained from an off-the-shelf 2D pose detector. Our experiments show that adding more videos with pseudo-ground truth 2D pose monotonically improves 3D prediction performance. We evaluate our model, Human Mesh and Motion Recovery (HMMR), on the recent challenging dataset of 3D Poses in the Wild and obtain state-of-the-art performance on the 3D prediction task without any fine-tuning. The project website with video, code, and data can be found at https://akanazawa.github.io/human_dynamics/.
Limiting DoS attacks during multihop data delivery in wireless sensor networks (2006)

Denial of Service (DoS) attacks can be easily launched in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Due to their resource constraints, namely limited energy, memory and bandwidth, WSNs are especially vulnerable to DoS attacks. This paper addresses a particular class of DoS attacks that overwhelm resources along a multihop data delivery path. Since WSNs are typically tree-structured, then a DoS attack on a path will be especially effective in denying routing service to an entire branch of sensor nodes, not just the nodes along the path. This paper proposes a solution using one-way hash chains to protect end-to-end multihop communications in WSNs against such Path-based DoS (PDoS) attacks. The proposed solution is lightweight, tolerates bursty packet losses and can easily be implemented in modern WSNs. This paper reports on performance measured from a prototype implementation.
Lopinavir–Ritonavir versus Nelfinavir for the Initial Treatment of HIV Infection (2002)

For the initial treatment of HIV-infected adults, a combination regimen that includes lopinavir-ritonavir is well tolerated and has antiviral activity superior to that of a nelfinavir-containing regimen.
Clozapine prevents recurrence of psychosis in Parkinson's disease (1992)

Psychosis secondary to dopaminergic therapy can limit the ability to manage motor symptoms of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We report the results of an open label 3-month trial that evaluated the antipsychotic effects of clozapine in eight PD patients with drug-induced psychosis. Response was quantified using a simplified brief psychiatric rating scale and two PD scales. Clozapine significantly improved psychiatric scores at low doses. The use of every other day regimens (not previously utilized) led to good control of symptoms and minimized side effects. Clozapine also had a positive sleep effect in four patients and improved dyskinesia in one. Finally, this treatment prevented recurrence of psychosis while levodopa doses were significantly increased and while other antiparkinsonian medications were added. Motor disability related to PD improved as a result of these treatment adjustments. We conclude that clozapine is effective in treating drug-induced psychosis in PD and allows for safe optimization of antiparkinsonian therapy.
Fluorinated Heterocycles (2009)

This introductory chapter is a quick overview of almost 100 years of fluoroheterocyclic chemistry, with particular attention to modern synthetic methods and applications presented in this book. Critical discussions regarding various synthetic procedures including nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorination, metal-catalyzed heterocyclization, cine- and tele- substitution in N-fluoroheterocycles, fluorodenitration, water-based chemistry, as well as applications of fluorinated heterocycles in medicine and agriculture are presented along with the examples of fluorohetrocyclic compounds of particular interests.
Demonstration of toxicity to fish and to mammalian cells by Pfiesteria species: Comparison of assay methods and strains (2005)

Toxicity and its detection in the dinoflagellate fish predators Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae depend on the strain and the use of reliable assays. Two assays, standardized fish bioassays (SFBs) with juvenile fish and fish microassays (FMAs) with larval fish, were compared for their utility to detect toxic Pfiesteria. The comparison included strains with confirmed toxicity, negative controls (noninducible Pfiesteria strains and a related nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid dinoflagellate), and P. shumwayae strain CCMP2089, which previously had been reported as nontoxic. SFBs, standardized by using toxic Pfiesteria (coupled with tests confirming Pfiesteria toxin) and conditions conducive to toxicity expression, reliably detected actively toxic Pfiesteria, but FMAs did not. Pfiesteria toxin was found in fish- and algae-fed clonal Pfiesteria cultures, including CCMP2089, but not in controls. In contrast, noninducible Pfiesteria and cryptoperidiniopsoids caused no juvenile fish mortality in SFBs even at high densities, and low larval fish mortality by physical attack in FMAs. Filtrate from toxic strains of Pfiesteria spp. in bacteria-free media was cytotoxic. Toxicity was enhanced by bacteria and other prey, especially live fish. Purified Pfiesteria toxin extract adversely affected mammalian cells as well as fish, and it caused fish death at environmentally relevant cell densities. These data show the importance of testing multiple strains when assessing the potential for toxicity at the genus or species level, using appropriate culturing techniques and assays.
Children Hospitalized for Traumatic Brain Injury: Transition to Postacute Care (1997)

Objectives: To document causes, course of acute care, and outcomes in a large sample of children and adolescents (N=24,021) hospitalized for traumatic brain injury. Special focus is given to patterns of referral to rehabilitation and educational services at the time of discharge from acute care. Design: Descriptive statistics applied to a multicenter data collection on pediatric trauma. Setting: Seventy-six pediatric trauma centers or children's hospitals in the United States that reported to the National Pediatric Trauma Registry between October 1988 and April 1996. Data Set: Demographics, cause of injury, time and place of occurrence, severity of injury, utilization of resources during acute care, in hospital death rate, functional limitations, discharge disposition, and discharge recommendation for children who sustained a traumatic brain injury associated or not with injury to other body region. Results: Two thirds of the children were male and 77.8% were one to 14 years of age. Injuries occurred mostly between noon and midnight (67.7%) and on the road (50.0%) or at home (32.0%). Nearly all injuries (90%) were unintentional, most children (63.6%) sustained injuries to other body regions, and the anatomical severity of the injuries was ten times higher than in children without traumatic brain injury. Over A0% of the children were in the intensive care unit, 20% had one or more surgical intervention, the average length of stay was six days, the median two days. The in hospital death rate was 6.1% and 22.2% of the children developed functional limitations from the injury. At the time of discharge from acute care, most children returned home. In the group with four to nine limitations, half of the children were discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Of the children with functional limitations who returned home, physical therapy was recommended In 23.7% of the cases, occupational therapy in 13.2% of the cases, and speech therapy in 10.1% of the cases. Of those of school age discharged home with functional limitations, 1.8% were referred to special education. Conclusion: The majority of children with traumatic brain injury and functional limitations due to the injury return home at time of discharge from acute care with limited referral to potentially beneficial services. To correct these deficiencies, more research is needed to identify nonmedical factors affecting referrals.
Chromosomal rearrangements associated with morphological mutants provide a means for genetic variation of Candida albicans (1990)

At frequencies as high as 1.4%, the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans spontaneously gave rise to morphological mutants exhibiting more than 20 different types of abnormal colonies; approximately two-thirds of the mutants were stable, while the other one-third were unstable and produced mixtures of different colonial forms at very high rates. Abnormal electrophoretic karyotypes were observed for all of the 14 mutants that were examined, indicating that they were associated with different types of single and multiple gross chromosomal rearrangements. Because C. albicans is asexual and does not go through a meiotic cycle, we suggest that the high frequency of chromosomal rearrangements provides a means for genetic variation in this organism.
Windows XP home networking (2002)

From the Publisher:
Windows XP is packed with features that make home networking easier than ever. In this comprehensive guide, Windows expert Paul Thurrott shows you step by step how to choose between wired and wireless options, set up and secure your network, and then take advantage of Windows XP's many network capabilities and options. From sorting out cables and routers to sharing Internet connections and printers to configuring firewalls and e-mail, this book delivers all the information you need to bring networking home.
Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRechargeable Lithium–Sulfur BatteriesArumugam Manthiram*, Yongzhu Fu, Sheng-Heng Chung, Chenxi Zu, and Yu-Sheng SuView Author Information Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: 512-471-1791. Fax: 512-471-7681.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11751–11787Publication Date (Web):July 15, 2014Publication History Received3 February 2014Published online15 July 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500062vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500062vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65410Altmetric-Citations3845LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Batteries,Composites,Electrodes,Electrolytes,Sulfur Get e-Alerts
AT1-AA (Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Agonistic Autoantibody) Blockade Prevents Preeclamptic Symptoms in Placental Ischemic Rats (2018)

Women with preeclampsia produce AT1-AA (agonistic autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor), which stimulate reactive oxygen species, inflammatory factors, and hypertensive mechanisms (ET [endothelin] and sFlt-1 [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1]) in rodent models of preeclampsia. The placental ischemic reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia exhibits many of these features. In this study, we examined the maternal outcomes of AT1-AA inhibition ('n7AAc') in RUPP rats. Blood pressure was higher in RUPP rats versus normal pregnant (NP) rats (123±2 versus 99±2 mm Hg, <i>P</i><0.05), which was reduced in RUPP+'n7AAc' (105±3 versus 123±2 mm Hg, <i>P</i><0.05 versus RUPP). Uterine artery resistant index was increased in RUPP versus NP rats (0.71±0.02 versus 0.49±0.02, <i>P</i><0.05) and normalized in RUPP+'n7AAc' rats (0.55±0.03). Antiangiogenic factor sFlt-1 was elevated in RUPP versus NP rats (176±37 versus 77±15 pg/mL, <i>P</i><0.05) but normalized in RUPP+'n7AAc' (86±9, <i>P</i>=0.05 versus RUPP). Plasma nitrate and nitrite were decreased (14±1 versus 20±1 µMNO<sub>3</sub>, <i>P</i><0.05) and isoprostanes were elevated (20 117±6304 versus 2809±1375 pg/mL, <i>P</i><0.05) in RUPP versus NP rats; and normalized in RUPP+'n7AAc' rats; (18±2 µMNO<sub>3</sub>; 4311±1 pg/mL). PPET-1 (preproendothelin-1) expression increased 4-fold in RUPP versus NP rats which were prevented with 'n7AAc'. Importantly, placental cytolytic natural killer cells were elevated in RUPP versus NP rats (8±2% versus 2±2% gated, <i>P</i><0.05), which was prevented in RUPP+'n7AAc' total (3±1% gated, <i>P</i><0.05) In conclusion, AT1-AA inhibition prevents the rise in maternal blood pressure and several pathophysiological factors associated with preeclampsia in RUPP rats and could be a potential therapy for preeclampsia.
Addiction and Substance Abuse among Nevada Youths (2012)

Adolescence is a critical stage for substance abuse initiation, as well as for substance abuse prevention, intervention, and treatment. This report presents tobacco product use, alcohol use, and illicit drug use rates of Nevada’s youths (aged 12-17) compared with youths nationwide as a whole. Most data were retrieved from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), including the 2008--2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data and Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), supplemented with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data. Substate data were taken from SAMHSA’s 2006-2008 NSDUH data, the most updated substate data available so far. The 2010 NSDUH state-level data won’t be released by SAMHSA until 2012.
Current gain rolloff in graded-base SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (1993)

The authors report the experimental observation of a novel effect in SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with graded bases which results in a significant emitter-base bias dependence of the current gain. The nonideal collector current is caused by the interaction of the bias dependence of the emitter-base space-charge region width and the exponential dependence of the collector current on the germanium concentration at the edge of the space-charge region. The resulting current gain rolloff must be taken into account for accurate modeling of bipolar transistors with bandgap grading in the base.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts (1987)

Oxidant species such as superoxide radical (O/sub 2//sup -/), hydrogen peroxide (H/sub 2/O/sub 2/), hydroxyl radical (HO.), and lipid peroxides (LOOH) are becoming increasingly implicated in human disease. However, the question of whether such oxidants are a major cause of tissue injury in human disease or are merely produced during such injury has been difficult to answer because of inadequate experimental techniques, and possibly because of an overemphasis on lipid peroxidation as a mechanism of oxidant injury. Recent developments in methodology, in the authors understanding of the primary mechanism of oxidant toxicity to cells, and in concepts of antioxidant protection are reviewed. Good evidence now exists for some role of oxidant damage to tissues in the pathology of several human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, reperfusion injury, immune injury to lung and kidney, and cerebral trauma or ischemia. These have led to promising suggestions for new therapeutic approaches.
Chorionic gonadotropin can enhance innate immunity by stimulating macrophage function (2007)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental glycoprotein, mainly secreted by trophoblasts during pregnancy. Its function in endocrine regulation has been well documented, but its immunological role is still largely unclear. For a successful pregnancy, an effective innate immunity is needed to protect the mother and fetus against infection, while maintaining tolerance against the paternal antigens of the fetus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hCG on the function of macrophages (Mvarphi), which are major players in the innate response. hCG treatment of IFN-gamma-primed Mvarphi resulted in increased production of NO, reactive oxygen species, IL-6 and IL-12p40, and enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. hCG treatment did not affect the induction of allogeneic T cell proliferation by IFN-gamma-primed Mvarphi. The observed effects were receptor-mediated and involved the protein kinase A signaling pathway, as indicated by blocking studies using specific inhibitors. In vivo thioglycollate-elicited Mvarphi also exhibited increased phagocytic ability upon IFN-gamma activation and hCG treatment. In conclusion, hCG enhances Mvarphi functions involved in innate immunity, while the capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells remains unchanged.