gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded micromachined fiber-optic fabry-perot pressure sensors in aerodynamics applications (2003)

Small size, high bandwidth pressure sensors are required for instrumentation of probes and test models in aerodynamic studies of complex unsteady flows. Optical-fiber pressure sensors promise potential advantages of small size and low cost in comparison with their electrical counterparts. We describe miniature Fabry-Perot cavity pressure sensors constructed by micromachining techniques in a turbine test application. The sensor bodies are 500 μm squared, 300 μm deep with a ∼2 μm-thick copper diaphragm electroplated on one face. The sensor cavity is formed between the diaphragm and the cleaved end of a single mode fiber sealed to the sensor by epoxy. Each sensor is addressed interferometrically in reflection by three wavelengths simultaneously, giving an unambiguous phase determination; a pressure sensitivity of 1.6 radbar/sup -1/ was measured, with a typical range of vacuum to 600 kPa. Five sensors were embedded in the trailing edge of a nozzle guide vane installed upstream of a rotor in a full-scale turbine stage transient test facility. Pressure signals in the trailing edge flow show marked structure at the 8 kHz blade passing frequency. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sensors located at the trailing edge of a normal-sized turbine blade.
Regulation of osteoclast development by Notch signaling directed to osteoclast precursors and through stromal cells (2003)

Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Osteoclast development has been reported to be regulated by several molecules such as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL), and a decoy receptor of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Recently, it was demonstrated that the Notch signaling pathway regulates myeloid differentiation and antagonizes cell fate determination, however, the effect of Notch signaling on the osteoclast lineage has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effect of signaling via Notch receptors on the differentiation into osteoclasts by using cells from the bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneal cavity, and a cloned macrophagelike cell line. Osteoclastogenesis was inhibited by an immobilized Notch ligand, Delta-1. The dish-adherent bone marrow cells precultured with M-CSF expressed both Mac-1 and M-CSF receptors, c-Fms; osteoclastogenesis of these cells was efficiently inhibited. The immobilized Delta-1 also down-regulated the surface c-Fms expression, while the c-Fms gene expression was not changed. Genes for Notch receptors and Notch ligands are expressed in not only hematopoietic cells but also stromal cells that support osteoclast development. Constitutively active Notch1-transfected stromal cells showed increased expression of RANKL and OPG genes, and strong inhibition of M-CSF gene expression, resulting in reduction of their ability to support osteoclast development. Taken together, these findings indicate that Notch signaling affects both osteoclast precursors and stromal cells and thereby negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis.
Balancing supply and demand of bandwidth in wireless cellular networks: utility maximization over powers and rates (2004)

In wireless cellular networks and wireless local area networks, nonlinear network utility maximization need to be conducted over both user rates and transmit powers. For each of the three cases considered in this paper, we present an algorithm that converges to the jointly optimal pair of rate vector and power vector. For the simple case when data rates are not limited by interferences, for example in single-cell downlink transmissions, we propose algorithm 1, which is an iterative bidding mechanism between the base station and mobile users, where knowledge about channel conditions and individual user utility functions is only needed locally at each user but not needed at the base station. In the case when data rates are limited by interferences, the utility maximization problem is complicated both by nonlinear coupling between powers and rates, and by interference among powers. Through centralized iterative steps, we propose algorithm 2, which converges to a joint and global optimum over the solution space of rates and powers. We then consider end-to-end transmissions in cellular networks, which traverse both wireless fading channels and many hops of wired links shared by other traffic. There is a tradeoff between attaining air-interface capacity in the wireless hop and controlling congestion in the wired backbone wide area network. We formulate this end-to-end resource allocation problem in such hybrid networks, and present a solution to obtain the Pareto optimal tradeoff between attaining wireless multi-access fading channel capacity and maximizing global network utility.
Multispikes and Synchronization in a Large Neural Network with Temporal Delays (2000)

Coherent rhythms in the gamma frequency range are ubiquitous in the nervous system and thought to be important in a variety of cognitive activities. Such rhythms are known to be able to synchronize with millisecond precision across distances with significant conduction delay; it is mysterious how this can operate in a setting in which cells receive many inputs over a range of time. Here we analyze a version of mechanism, previously proposed, that the synchronization in the CA1 region of the hippocampus depends on the firing of "doublets" by the interneurons. Using a network of local circuits that are arranged in a possibly disordered lattice, we determine the conditions on parameters for existence and stability of synchronous solutions in which the inhibitory interneurons fire single spikes, doublets, or triplets per cycle. We show that the synchronous solution is only marginally stable if the interneurons fire singlets. If they fire doublets, the synchronous state is asymptotically stable in a larger subset of parameter space than if they fire triplets. An unexpected finding is that a small amount of disorder in the lattice structure enlarges the parameter regime in which the doublet solution is stable. Synaptic noise reduces the regime in which the doublet configuration is stable, but only weakly.
Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a Monotherapy Results in Suppression of HIV Type 1 Replication and Decreased Cell-Associated HIV DNA Integration (2012)

NCT00594880.
A device for counting passengers making use of two active linear cameras: comparison of algorithms (2002)

This paper presents a new device for counting passengers in public transport. The device makes use of a specific acquisition technology based on linear cameras. Two kinds of algorithms (based respectively on mathematical morphology and averaging thresholding procedures) can be used for analyzing the image sequences and for counting the number of passengers walking under the cameras.
Interfacial-Energy-Controlled Deposition Technique of Microstructures Using Blade-Coating (2009)

A novel blade-coating technique for the fluidic self-assembly of microstructures on large-scale substrates is presented. In our blade-coating technique, water and microstructures dispersion, which includes chemically modified microstructures and water-insoluble solvent, are continuously blade-coated on a substrate on which surface hydrophilic areas are surrounded by a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer. In the process studied, first, water is selectively placed on the hydrophilic areas; second, the water-insoluble solvent covers the water to create a solvent/water interface; third, fluidic self-assembly of microstructures onto the water takes place by a capillary force between the water and the microstructures; and finally, the microstructures are deposited onto the hydrophilic areas after the evaporation of the water and the solvent. SiO(2) plates sized 10 x 50 x 0.3 microm(3) were used to verify the feasibility of our technique. About 40,000 SiO(2) plates were selectively deposited on the hydrophilic areas on a substrate with an area of 20 cm(2) with a deposition probability of 0.52 by utilizing dispersion consisting of plates chemically modified with 1-chloroethyltrichlorosilane and a mixture of 1,4-dichlorobutane and n-hexane. The deposition probabilities of the plates primarily depended on the type of solvent for plate dispersions and increased with an increase in the value of free energy change of the plate/solvent/water system by the movement of the plate from the solvent to the solvent/water interface during the blade-coating process. These results indicate that the deposition probabilities are governed directly by the capillary force acting on the plates. Our deposition technique for microstructures using blade-coating is potentially applicable to the deposition of micrometer-size electronic devices on large-scale substrates.
Targeted therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the role of bevacizumab. (2007)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The majority of patients present with advanced stage disease, and treatment with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy agents have been shown to provide a modest improvement in survival, reduce disease-related symptoms, and improve quality of life. However, with standard chemotherapy treatments the prognosis is poor with the majority of patients dying in less than a year from diagnosis. Treatment with standard chemotherapy agents has reached a therapeutic plateau, and recent investigations have focused on therapies that target a specific pathway within the malignant cell or related to angiogenesis. The most promising of the targeted therapies are agents that target the process of angiogenesis. Bevacizuamab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and prevents binding of VEGF to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, thus inhibiting activation of the VEGF pathway and angiogenesis. A recent phase III trial of first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer revealed a statistically significant improvement in response, progression-free survival, and overall survival with the combination of bevacizumab and standard chemotherapy in comparison to standard chemotherapy alone. Bevacizumab is the only targeted therapy that has been shown to improve survival when combined with standard chemotherapy in the first-line setting.
Untraceable electronic funds transfer systems (1989)

Abstract The transfer of funds by electrical communication contains several problems. the electronic record, for example, can easily be copied, and it may be possible to make more than one payment on the same electronic check. From the viewpoint of privacy protection, it is desirable that the flow of funds cannot be traced. This paper proposes a method of money transfer and checking to solve those problems. Especially, a tally check system is proposed for the check system whereby privacy is protected. In the proposed method, before sending money the sender receives the tally constructed by the receiver, and asks the bank to issue an electronic check based on that tally. When the receiver wants money, he presents the electronic check to the bank together with the other tally which is secretly retained. Since the tally is used as proof for the correct receiver, it is impossible for the bank to trace the flow of funds. It is impossible to cash a check more than once since the bank retains the presented tally as the receipt.
Wavelet methods for inverting the Radon transform with noisy data (2001)

Because the Radon transform is a smoothing transform, any noise in the Radon data becomes magnified when the inverse Radon transform is applied. Among the methods used to deal with this problem is the wavelet-vaguelette decomposition (WVD) coupled with wavelet shrinkage, as introduced by Donoho (1995). We extend several results of Donoho and others here. First, we introduce a new sufficient condition on wavelets to generate a WVD. For a general homogeneous operator, whose class includes the Radon transform, we show that a variant of Donoho's method for solving inverse problems can be derived as the exact minimizer of a variational problem that uses a Besov norm as the smoothing functional. We give a new proof of the rate of convergence of wavelet shrinkage that allows us to estimate rather sharply the best shrinkage parameter needed to recover an image from noise-corrupted data. We conduct tomographic reconstruction computations that support the hypothesis that near-optimal shrinkage parameters can be derived if one can estimate only two Besov-space parameters about an image f. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that our choice of shrinkage parameters yields uniformly better results than Kolaczyk's (1996) variant of Donoho's method and the classical filtered backprojection method.
A systematic approach to optimizing and verifying synthesized high-speed ASICs (2002)

This paper describes the design process used in developing a Stream Memory Controller (SMC). The SMC can reorder processor-memory accesses dynamically to increase the effective memory bandwidth for vector operations. A 132-pin ASIC was implemented in static CMOS using a 0.75 /spl mu/m process and has been tested at 36 MHz.
Parkinson Disease, the Effect of Levodopa, and the ELLDOPA Trial (1999)

The introduction of effective doses of levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) 1,2 was a revolutionary step in overcoming symptoms of a progressive neurode-generative disease. This took place a little more than 30 years ago, and still, today, levodopa remains the most effective drug for the reversal of symptoms of PD. 1,2 If there were no associated adverse effects with long-term use, treatment of PD would be a simple matter. But most of the physician's effort in providing optimum care of patients with PD is in trying to overcome all too common adverse effects of levodopa.
Cellular Sites of Immunologic Unresponsiveness (1970)

The reconstitution of the immune response of lethally irradiated mice to human gamma-globulin is dependent on the synergistic action of bone marrow with thymus cells. Immunologic unresponsiveness appears to involve a functional defect at each of these cellular levels, inasmuch as neither bone marrow nor thymus cells from unresponsive donors are capable of demonstrating synergism in combination with their normal counterpart.
Association with HeLa cells of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from human feces (1986)

We developed a rapid in vitro test for determining the association of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli with HeLa cells. Association was expressed as a weighted mean of the number of bacteria associated with one cell in an association index (AI). The reproducibility of the AI was checked by repeating the test six times, using four strains chosen at random. Means and standard deviations of the means were 7.3 +/- 1.2, 6.8 +/- 0.9, 1.8 +/- 1.2, and 0.1 +/- 0.2. The experimental conditions for which the results are reliable have been standardized. Among 42 strains from human feces, two groups appeared: for 22 nonassociative strains (52%), AI values ranged from 0.0 to 2.1 (mean +/- SD, 0.5 +/- 0.6); for 20 associative strains (48%), AI values ranged from 3.5 to 8.3 (mean +/- SD, 6.2 +/- 1.4). Of these 42 strains, 17 were clinically documented. Diarrhea occurred more frequently in patients infected with associative strains than in those infected with noninvasive strains (7/7 versus 3/10, P = 0.01). Fever also occurred more frequently in patients infected with associative strains (6/7 versus 2/10, P = 0.03). Transmission electron microscopy and viable counts made after killing of extracellular bacteria by gentamicin support the fact that associated Campylobacter spp. are adherent to the cell membrane and are internalized into cytoplasmic vacuoles. The described test seems to be a convenient and rapid method for estimating the pathogenicity of a given strain.
Giving patients a choice of what to wear in hospital. (2006)

The number of older people in hospital is increasing in line with an ageing population. In response, specialist teams have been established to review and enhance the provision of all aspects of care for older patients. This article explores how providing a choice of what to wear in hospital can influence the overall well-being of older patients.
SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF CONJUGATED DIOLEFINS TO MONOOLEFINS CATALYZED BY A POLYMER-PALLADIUM COMPLEX (1976)

Abstract A polymer–palladium complex prepared from palladium(II) chloride and styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with iminodiacetic acid groups is found to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of conjugated diolefins to monoolefins at 30°C under an atmospheric hydrogen pressure.
Cultivation of Enterobacter Hormaechei from Human Atherosclerotic Tissue (2011)

While it is well documented that inflammation is an important risk factor for vascular pathophysiology, the association of bacteria with atherosclerosis has not been clearly established, in large part due to the inability to isolate live bacteria from atheromatous tissue. This is the first study providing direct evidence of Enterobacter spp. associated with atheromatous tissues. The data suggest that chronic infection with bacteria may be an under-reported etiologic factor in vascular pathogenesis. Importantly, characterization of the clinical isolate supports a model of atherogenesis where systemic dissemination of bacteria to atherosclerotic sites may occur via internalization in phagocytic cells.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP-38)/Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide Receptors in Pancreatic -Cells and Effects of PACAP-38 on Components of the Insulin Secretory System (1999)

It has been previously demonstrated that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates insulin secretion. PACAP exerts its biological action by binding to at least three different receptor subtypes coupled to different signal transduction mechanisms. The signaling pathways underlying the insulinotropic effect of PACAP involve mainly the activation of adenylate cyclase to form cAMP, which directly and indirectly, through increased intracellular Ca+2, stimulates insulin exocytosis. In the present study we have characterized the functional and molecular expression of PACAP/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors isoforms and subtypes and its isoforms in a beta-cell Line and in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Although insulinoma cells express the messenger RNA encoding PAC1 (-R and -hop variants), VPAC1 and VPAC2, binding experiments indicate the preponderance of PAC1 over VPAC1-2 receptors. We have also shown that the main signaling pathway of PACAP in beta-cells is mediated by adenylate cyclase, whereas the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate pathway is almost inactive. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that PACAP exerts long-term effects on beta-cells, such as transcriptional regulation of the insulin gene and genes of the glucose-sensing system (GLUT1 and hexokinase 1).
Noncontact Binocular Eye-Gaze Tracking for Point-of-Gaze Estimation in Three Dimensions (2008)

Binocular eye-gaze tracking can be used to estimate the point-of-gaze (POG) of a subject in real-world 3-D space using the vergence of the eyes. In this paper, a novel noncontact model-based technique for 3-D POG estimation is presented. The noncontact system allows people to select real-world objects in 3-D physical space using their eyes, without the need for head-mounted equipment. Remote 3-D POG estimation may be especially useful for persons with quadriplegia or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It would also enable a user to select 3-D points in space generated by 3-D volumetric displays, with potential applications to medical imaging and telesurgery. Using a model-based POG estimation algorithm allows for free head motion and a single stage of calibration. It is shown that an average accuracy of 3.93 cm was achieved over a workspace volume of 30 x 23 x 25 cm (W x H x D) with a maximum latency of 1.5 s due to the digital filtering employed. The users were free to naturally move and reorient their heads while operating the system, within an allowable headspace of 3 cm x 9 cm x 14 cm.
Effect of closing dead space on seroma formation after mastectomy--a prospective randomized clinical trial. (1993)

To evaluate the effect of closing dead space on seroma formation after mastectomy, 39 patients undergoing 40 mastectomies with axillary node clearance were randomized to undergo suturing of skin flaps to underlying muscle or conventional skin closure. Duration of closed suction drainage, 72 h, and shoulder exercises, commencing on the first post-operative day, were standardized for both groups. Closed suction drainage was significantly less (P < 0.05) in the group that had flaps sutured, 272 +/- 46 ml vs 393 +/- 39 ml. Also fewer patients in the flap sutured group developed seromas, 5 (25%) vs 17 (85%) chi 2 = 12.2 P < 0.001. Three patients in the group that had conventional skin closure had breakdown of wound edges, two developing a prolonged serous discharge, while none occurred in the sutured group. A functional range of shoulder motion was attained at 6 months in 14 (70%) patients in the flap sutured group compared with nine (45%) in the conventional skin closure group (P = NS). These results confirm the value of suturing skin flaps to underlying muscle in reducing local morbidity after mastectomy and suggest that this technique should be included in the closure of all mastectomy wounds.
Accelerated Plaque Accumulation, Associative Learning Deficits, and Up-regulation of α7 Nicotinic Receptor Protein in Transgenic Mice Co-expressing Mutant Human Presenilin 1 and Amyloid Precursor Proteins (2002)

Familial Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations in presenilin 1 or 2 or amyloid precursor protein result in elevated beta-amyloid, beta-amyloid accumulation, and plaque formation in the brains of affected individuals. By crossing presenilin 1 transgenic mice carrying the A246E mutation with plaque-producing amyloid precursor protein K670N/M671L transgenic mice (Tg2576), we show that co-expression of both mutant transgenes results in acceleration of amyloid accumulation and associative learning deficits. At 5 months of age with no detectable plaque pathology, amyloid precursor protein transgenic animals are impaired in contextual fear learning following two pairings of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli but appear normal following a more robust five-pairing training. At 9 months of age when beta-amyloid deposition is evident, these mice are impaired following both two-pairing and five-pairing protocols. Mice carrying both transgenes are impaired in contextual fear conditioning at either age. All transgenic animal groups performed as well as controls in cued fear conditioning, indicating that the contextual fear learning deficits are hippocampus-specific. The associative learning impairments are coincident with elevated alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein in the dentate gyrus. These findings provide two robust and rapid assays for beta-amyloid-associated effects that can be performed on young animals: impaired contextual fear learning and up-regulation of alpha 7 nicotinic receptors.