gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring: Increasing Accuracy by Combination of Multi-Technology and Multi-Sensors (2010)

The presented methodology shows that increased accuracy was indeed achieved by combining multi-technology and multi-sensors. The approach of integration contributes to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (glucose to other contributors). A combination of several technologies allows compensation of a possible aberration in one modality by the others, while multi-sensor implementation enables corrections for interference contributions. Furthermore, clinical trials indicate the ability of using the device for a wide range of demography, showing clearly that the calibration is valid for long term.
Frameshift somatic mutations in gastrointestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. (1997)

An exacerbated genomic instability characterizes hereditary and sporadic gastrointestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype (MMP), generating somatic frameshift mutations in genes containing mononucleotide repeats. We have recently shown that approximately 50, 40, and 30% of MMP+ colon tumors harbor frameshift mutations in (G)8, (A)8, and (C)8 tracks within the proapoptotic gene BAX and the hMSH3 and hMSH6 DNA mismatch repair genes, respectively. Here we report a higher incidence of frameshift mutations in these 3 genes in a panel of 25 MMP+ gastric adenocarcinomas: 64% in BAX and hMSH3, and 52% in hMSH6. These results support a multiple mutator gene model for the stepwise unfolding of the MMP and further illustrate the importance of the escape from apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer. The tumor suppressor role played by BAX is also supported by the finding of other somatic BAX mutations, including recurrent missense mutations, not only in gastrointestinal cancer of the MMP but also in gastrointestinal cancer without the MMP.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Size‐Selected, Surface‐Passivated InP Nanocrystals. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cytokine profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from mice with influenza pneumonia: consequences of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion. (1993)

Cytokine production and mRNA profiles have been analyzed at the single cell level for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) populations from mice infected with an influenza A virus in the presence or absence of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Phagocytes were identified by their capacity to engulf latex particles, but the cellular elements of this inflammatory process were otherwise not characterized. BAL preparations from undepleted mice contained numerous IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma-producing cells, with many fewer secreting TNF or IL-10. The frequency of mRNA+ cells detected by in situ hybridization was, in general, much higher than that for protein-secreting cells determined by ELISPOT analysis. In addition to IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, large numbers of cells were found to contain IL-10 and TNF-beta transcripts. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells caused significant reduction in the frequency of IL-2 and IL-4-producing cells, but even simultaneous elimination of both T cell subsets failed to totally remove all cells producing these cytokines. Similarly, a residual population of IFN-gamma-producing cells remained after depletion of the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Likely sources of these cytokines (apart from NK cells) are the CD4-8- alpha beta and gamma delta T cells found previously in BAL populations from doubly-depleted mice infected with this virus. Somewhat surprisingly, mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-5, and TNF beta was prevalent in cells that had engulfed latex particles, though mRNA for IL-2 and IL-4 was never detected in macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Stress in the Development and Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Epidemiological Evidence (2008)

There is consistent evidence for a contribution of psychological factors to IBD disease course, especially stress in UC and depressive symptoms in CD. More rigorous tests of psychological interventions in IBD are needed.
Comparison of constitutional and tumor-associated 11;22 translocations: nonidentical breakpoints on chromosomes 11 and 22. (1986)

Recurring, site-specific chromosomal rearrangements are associated with several human syndromes and malignant disorders. Such nonrandom translocations involving chromosome 22 in band q11 are numerous and found to be associated with a diversity of neoplasms as well as constitutional disorders. Chromosome 11 in bands q23-q24 is similarly involved in several types of tumors as well as in a recurring constitutional reciprocal translocation with chromosome 22. Here we report the use of chromosomal in situ hybridization to compare the translocation breakpoints in the cytologically indistinguishable constitutional t(11;22) and the tumor-related t(11;22) associated with Ewing sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma. We have shown that the breakpoints can be distinguished from each other with respect to the locus encoding the constant region of the Ig lambda light chain (C lambda) at 22q11 and the ETS1 locus at 11q23----q24; ETS1 has been called hu-ets-1 or human c-ets-1. The tumor-associated chromosome 11 breakpoint is also different from those of leukemias with t(9;11) and t(4;11) translocations. Southern-blot analysis showed no rearrangement of ETS1 in these disorders in the region detected by our probe. ETS1 has also been mapped more precisely to 11q23.3----q24 by in situ hybridization to cells from an individual with an 11q23.3----qter deletion.
Evolution of a filmless Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine-conformant picture archiving and communications system: Design issues and lessons learned over the last 3 years (1999)

This presentation describes our experience and lessons learned over the first 3 years of developing and operating a filmless picture archiving and communications system (PACS) for all computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine studies in our hospital. The PACS conforms to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard and includes a sophisticated Worldwide Web (WWW)-based interface to complement the regular DICOM services. The PACS has undergone many design modifications from its inception, which have addressed performance, functionality, support, and maintenance issues. The lessons we have learned through making these modifications are described here and may prove to be helpful to anyone planning to deploy a PACS of their own.
Nanomechanical Control of Cell Rolling in Two Dimensions through Surface Patterning of Receptors (2008)

We envisioned that label-free control of the transport of cells in two dimensions through receptor-ligand interactions would enable simple separation systems that are easy to implement yet retain the specificity of receptor-ligand interactions. Here we demonstrate nanomechanical control of cell transport in two dimensions via transient receptor-ligand adhesive bonds by patterning of receptors that direct cell rolling through an edge effect. HL-60 cells rolling on P-selectin receptor patterns were deflected at angles of 5-10 degrees with respect to their direction of travel. Absence of this effect in the case of rigid microsphere models of cell rolling suggests that this two-dimensional motion depends on nanomechanical properties of the rolling cell. This work suggests the feasibility of simple continuous-flow microfluidic cell separation systems that minimize processing steps and yet retain the specificity of receptor-ligand interactions.
Distinctive Clinical Characteristics and Suicidal Tendencies of Patients With Anxious Depression (2011)

This study evaluated clinical characteristics and suicidality of patients with anxious depression in a large cohort of samples. Data were collected from 1003 patients who were depressed. A total of 461 patients were diagnosed with anxious depression and 542 were diagnosed with nonanxious depression. After adjusting for the severity of depression, those in the anxious depression group had significantly younger onset age, had been suffering from depression for a longer period, were more likely to experience a recurrence, and obtained lower scores on a scale assessing quality of life. The anxious depression group was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of individuals reporting significant suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts, and those in this group tended to obtain higher scores on the Scale for Suicide Ideation. The present findings that were drawn from detailed evaluation of suicidality strongly support previous results assessed only with the help of clinical reports. More attention should be paid to assess suicide risk in these patients.
Deep Infection After Ilioinguinal Node Dissection: Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy? (2004)

Wound infection rates after ilioinguinal node dissection are high; 9% to 16% have been reported. The authors report a patient who underwent an ilioinguinal node dissection for a regional metastasized melanoma. Unfortunately, a deep wound infection occurred with extensive skin necrosis and production of abundant wound fluid (750 cc daily). Despite 6-daily dressings, the wound deteriorated, necessitating further operative debridement. In theatre, the authors failed to identify the lymphatic fistula and therefore were unable to close it. In accordance with literature on treatment of groin infections after vascular prosthesis, vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy was started. After 11 days of VAC therapy, the lymphatic leakage completely stopped. Concurrent successful management of the wound with split skin graft therapy led to a complete closure of the wound. The treatment was not painful, changes of the sponge could be done in the ward, and there were no complications.
Physiology and Molecular Biology of Phenylpropanoid Metabolism (1989)

Studies of the molecular genetics, mechanisms of activation and functional connections between general phenylpropanoid metabolism and certain branch pathways in parsley, bean, potato plants and cell cultures
Copilot - a coprocessor-based kernel runtime integrity monitor (2004)

Copilot is a coprocessor-based kernel integrity monitor for commodity systems. Copilot is designed to detect malicious modifications to a host’s kernel and has correctly detected the presence of 12 real-world rootkits, each within 30 seconds of their installation with less than a 1 % penalty to the host’s performance. Copilot requires no modifications to the protected host’s software and can be expected to operate correctly even when the host kernel is thoroughly compromised – an advantage over traditional monitors designed to run on the host itself. 1
FAST CARS: Engineering a laser spectroscopic technique for rapid identification of bacterial spores (2002)

Airborne contaminants, e.g., bacterial spores, are usually analyzed by time-consuming microscopic, chemical, and biological assays. Current research into real-time laser spectroscopic detectors of such contaminants is based on e.g., resonance fluorescence. The present approach derives from recent experiments in which atoms and molecules are prepared by one (or more) coherent laser(s) and probed by another set of lasers. However, generating and using maximally coherent oscillation in macromolecules having an enormous number of degrees of freedom is challenging. In particular, the short dephasing times and rapid internal conversion rates are major obstacles. However, adiabatic fast passage techniques and the ability to generate combs of phase-coherent femtosecond pulses provide tools for the generation and utilization of maximal quantum coherence in large molecules and biopolymers. We call this technique FAST CARS (femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques for coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy), and the present article proposes and analyses ways in which it could be used to rapidly identify preselected molecules in real time.
精致的风景 别样的柔情——我的酢浆草收藏精选 (2014)

缤纷的酢浆草，是春天里最温柔的“毒药”。一粒粒握紧的小拳头，魔法般舒展成一抹跳跃的橙黄、一丛清纯的莹白、一片轻柔的淡粉，令你我欣然“中毒”。我们不必拥有每一个优雅的品种，但下面7个最美的精灵．一定不要错过。
Epothilones: A Novel Class of Non-taxane Microtubule-stabilizing Agents (2002)

The epothilones are a novel class of non-taxane microtubule-stabilizing agents obtained from the fermentation of the cellulose degrading myxobacteria, Sorangium cellulosum. Preclinical studies have shown that the epothilones are more potent than the taxanes and active in some taxane-resistant models. Similar to paclitaxel and other taxanes, the epothilones block cells in mitosis, resulting in cell death. The chief components of the fermentation process are epothilones A and B, with epothilones C and D found in smaller amounts. Trace amounts of other epothilones have also been detected. Pre-clinical studies have shown that epothilone B is the most active form, exhibiting significantly higher antitumor activity than paclitaxel and docetaxel. Several phase I and phase II clinical trials are ongoing with epothilone B and BMS 247550, an epothilone B analog. Preliminary reports indicate these agents are active against human cancers in heavily pre-treated patients. The epothilones appear to be well tolerated, with a side effect profile that is similar to that reported with the taxanes. This article will review some basic aspects of epothilone chemistry and biology, and pre-clinical and preliminary clinical experience with epothilone B and its analog, BMS 247550.
Multiplex Targeted Proteomic Assay for Biomarker Detection in Plasma: A Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker Case Study (2012)

Biomarkers are most frequently proteins that are measured in the blood. Their development largely relies on antibody creation to test the protein candidate performance in blood samples of diseased versus nondiseased patients. The creation of such antibody assays has been a bottleneck in biomarker progress due to the cost, extensive time, and effort required to complete the task. Targeted proteomics is an emerging technology that is playing an increasingly important role to facilitate disease biomarker development. In this study, we applied a SRM-based targeted proteomics platform to directly detect candidate biomarker proteins in plasma to evaluate their clinical utility for pancreatic cancer detection. The characterization of these protein candidates used a clinically well-characterized cohort that included plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, and healthy age-matched controls. Three of the five candidate proteins, including gelsolin, lumican, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, demonstrated an AUC value greater than 0.75 in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from the controls. In addition, we provide an analysis of the reproducibility, accuracy, and robustness of the SRM-based proteomics platform. This information addresses important technical issues that could aid in the adoption of the targeted proteomics platform for practical clinical utility.
Optimization of permanganic etching of polyethylenes for scanning electron microscopy (1983)

Abstract The permanganic etching technique has been studied as a function of time, temperature, and concentration for a series of polyethylenes. Kinetic studies show that a film of reaction products builds up on the surface, impeding further etching, an effect which is greatest for the lowest‐crystallinity polymers. SEM studies combined with EDS show that the film contains sulfur, potassium, and some manganese. An artifact is produced by the etching process which is impossible to remove by washing procedures if certain limits of time, temperature, and concentration are exceeded. For lower‐crystallinity polyethylenes multiple etching and washing steps were required for optimal resolution. Plastic deformation during specimen preparation, whether from scratches or freeze fracturing, enhances artifact formation. When appropriate procedures are used virtually artifact‐free surfaces can be produced allowing a combination of permanganic etching and scanning electron microscopy to give a rapid method for detailed morphological characterization of bulk specimens.
Comparative Pathology of an Implantable Left Atrial Pressure Sensor (2013)

A left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring system was developed for guiding the management of patients with heart failure. The LAP sensor is implanted into the left atrium via transseptal catheterization and affixed to the interatrial septum by nitinol anchors. The long-term safety of permanent implantation of the LAP sensor in patients was evaluated based on the comparative pathology in animals. Tissue specimens of the LAP sensor from 7 patients, 49 canines, and 14 ovine were examined for thrombosis and tissue overgrowth. Implant duration ranged from 22 to 1,686 days. Gross examination showed minimal-to-moderate tissue overgrowth with no evidence of migration, erosion, or perforation. There was no excessive host-to-device reaction or active thrombogenesis in any of the subjects that followed the antithrombotic therapy protocol. Micro-computed tomography scanning confirmed the structural integrity of the device. Low vacuum scanning electron microscopy and histology showed neoendocardial tissue overgrowth with no inflammation or fibrin. The pathology of both animal models was found to closely approximate the pathology in humans and favorably supports the long-term safety of the device.
IFN-α Regulates TLR-Dependent Gene Expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-28, and IL-29 (2005)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate host cell activation by various microbial components. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are the receptors that have been associated with virus-induced immune response. We have previously reported that all these TLRs, except TLR9, are expressed at mRNA levels in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Here we have studied TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7/8 ligand-induced IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-28, and IL-29 expression in human macrophages. IFN-alpha pretreatment of macrophages was required for efficient TLR3 and TLR4 agonist-induced activation of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-28, and IL-29 genes. TLR7/8 agonist weakly activated IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-28, and IL-29 genes, whereas TLR2 agonist was not able to activate these genes. IFN-alpha enhanced TLR responsiveness in macrophages by up-regulating the expression of TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7. IFN-alpha also enhanced the expression of TLR signaling molecules MyD88, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta, IkappaB kinase-epsilon, receptor interacting protein 1, and IFN regulatory factor 7. Furthermore, the activation of transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 by TLR3 and TLR4 agonists was dependent on IFN-alpha pretreatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that IFN-alpha sensitizes cells to microbial recognition by up-regulating the expression of several TLRs as well as adapter molecules and kinases involved in TLR signaling.
Rac and Rho GTPases in cancer cell motility control (2010)

Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. Collective motility leads to movement of cohorts of cells which maintain the adherens junctions and move by photolytic degradation of matrix barriers. Single cell mesenchymal-type movement is characterized by an elongated cellular shape and again requires extracellular proteolysis and integrin engagement. In addition it depends on Rac1-mediated cell polarization and lamellipodia formation. Conversely, in amoeboid movement cells have a rounded morphology, the movement is independent from proteases but requires high Rho GTPase to drive elevated levels of actomyosin contractility. These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. In addition we analyse the role of these GTPases in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination.
Effect of reaction pH on the fidelity and processivity of exonuclease-deficient Klenow polymerase (1993)

We have examined as a function of pH the fidelity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by the 3'-->5' exonuclease-deficient form of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Increasing the pH of in vitro gap-filling reactions from pH 6.2 through 9.8 (37 degrees C increased the frequency of base substitution and minus-one-base frameshift mutations 50- and 40-fold, respectively, as measured by reversion of a nonsense or frameshift mutation within the lacZ alpha gene of bacteriophage M13mp2. To understand the mechanisms of high fidelity at low pH, we have examined the biochemical events associated with DNA synthesis at pH 6.2 that might be responsible for the observed accuracy in vitro. We show that while the steady-state frequency of T.dGTP misinsertion at the lacZ alpha opal codon is 20-fold lower at pH 6.2 than at pH 7.6, pH-dependent changes in the frequencies of G-dATP and A-dCTP base misinsertions at the lacZ alpha nonsense codon are insufficient to explain the fidelity changes observed in the gap-filling assay. However, the efficiency of steady-state extension synthesis from template-primers containing 3'-terminal T.G, G.A, and A.C (template-primer) mispairs was reduced up to 160-fold at pH 6.2 relative to pH 7.6. Analyses of the processivity of DNA polymerization versus pH demonstrated that at low pH the termination probability was decreased at specific template positions. Concomitantly, at sites where the termination probability was lower at pH 6.2, a decreased error rate was observed for base substitution mutations at three template positions and for minus-one-base frameshift mutations at two homopolymeric sequences relative to pH 7.6. We suggest that the observed increase in error discrimination by the exonuclease-deficient Klenow polymerase results from altered template binding properties of the enzyme at pH 6.2.