gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE STRUCTURE, ORIGIN, ISOLATION, AND COMPOSITION OF THE TUBULAR MASTIGONEMES OF THE OCHROMONAS FLAGELLUM (1971)

The structure, assembly, and composition of the extracellular hairs (mastigonemes) of Ochromonas are detailed in this report. These mastigonemes form two lateral unbalanced rows, each row on opposite sides of the long anterior flagellum. Each mastigoneme consists of lateral filaments of two distinct sizes attached to a tubular shaft. The shaft is further differentiated into a basal region at one end and a group of from one to three terminal filaments at the free end. Mastigoneme ontogeny as revealed especially in deflagellated and regenerating cells appears to begin by assembly of the basal region and shaft within the perinuclear continuum. However, addition of lateral filaments to the shaft and extrusion of the mastigonemes to the cell surface is mediated by the Golgi complex. The ultimate distribution of mastigonemes on the flagellar surface seems to be the result of extrusion of mastigonemes near the base of the flagellum, and it is suggested that mastigonemes are then pulled up the flagellum as the axoneme elongates. Efforts to characterize mastigonemes biochemically after isolation and purification on cesium chloride (CsCl) followed by electrophoresis on acrylamide gels have demonstrated what appear to be a single major polypeptide and several differentially migrating carbohydrates. The polypeptide is not homologous with microtuble protein. The functionally anomalous role of mastigonemes in reversing flagellar thrust is discussed in relation to their distribution relative to flagellar anatomy and to the plane of flagellar undulations.
Ano Europeu da Educação pelo Desporto (2004)

The aim of this study was to compare distance covered, speed and action time in soccer, players during training and competition. The sample comprised 3 junior male soccer players (aged 19 years old) observed during 3 sets of training units and 3 competitions of the 1 st phase of the Portuguese National Championship. Players' positions were as follows: DC -defence, MC -midfield and PL -striker. Coordinates and time were evaluated according to software Tacto. Results suggested statistical significant differences for all variables between training and competition. Midfield player covered more distance during training sessions (10309m) and during competitions (14385m). The rest of the players' results were: (DC) 8637m versus 13374m and (PL) 9560m versus 13355m. Conversely, players' speed during training sessions was lower than during competitions, exception made to DC (DC: 2,7 m/s vs. 2,4 m/s; MC: 2,4 m/s vs. 2,5 m/s; PL: 2,3 vs. 3,6 m/s). During training sessions speed results were higher in the 2 nd part, whereas in competition they were higher in the 1 st part of the game. These results suggested that soccer game elicited to the players' different fitness components than those who were elicited during training sessions. This observation suggested that physical demands during the observed training sessions were less specific than those expected by game characteristics.
Therapeutic vaccines for malignant brain tumors (2008)

Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the prognosis for patients is poor. As such, investigative therapies including tumor vaccines have targeted this devastating condition. Recent clinical trials involving immunotherapy, specifically dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines, have shown promising results. Overall, these vaccines are well tolerated with few documented side effects. In many patients receiving vaccines, tumor progression was delayed and the median overall survival of these patients was prolonged. Despite these encouraging results, several factors have limited the efficacy of DC vaccines. Here we discuss the potential of DC vaccines as adjuvant therapy and current obstacles of generating highly pure and potent DC vaccines in the context of malignant glioma. Taken together, the results from earlier clinical studies justify additional clinical trials aimed at improving the efficacy of DC vaccines.
A Survey on Learning-Based Approaches for Modeling and Classification of Human–Machine Dialog Systems (2020)

With the rapid development from traditional machine learning (ML) to deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL), dialog system equipped with learning mechanism has become the most effective solution to address human-machine interaction problems. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive survey on learning-based human-machine dialog systems with a focus on the various dialog models. More specifically, we first introduce the fundamental process of establishing a dialog model. Second, we examine the features and classifications of the system dialog model, expound some representative models, and also compare the advantages and disadvantages of different dialog models. Third, we comb the commonly used database and evaluation metrics of the dialog model. Furthermore, the evaluation metrics of these dialog models are analyzed in detail. Finally, we briefly analyze the existing issues and point out the potential future direction on the human-machine dialog systems.
Correlation Between Structural and Optical Properties of Composite Polymer/Fullerene Films for Organic Solar Cells (2005)

Abstract We investigate thin poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)/[6,6]‐phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) films, which are widely used as active layers in plastic solar cells. Their structural properties are studied by grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The size and the orientation of crystalline P3HT nanodomains within the films are determined. PCBM crystallites are not detected in thin films by XRD. Upon annealing, the P3HT crystallinity increases, leading to an increase in the optical absorption and spectral photocurrent in the low‐photon‐energy region. As a consequence, the efficiency of P3HT/PCBM solar cells is significantly increased. A direct relation between efficiency and P3HT crystallinity is demonstrated.
Activation and transfer of novel synthetic 9‐substituted sialic acids (1987)

In this report several NeuAc analogues differently modified at position C-9 were tested as substrates for CMP sialic acid synthase from bovine brain: the hydroxy group at C-9 was replaced by an amino, acetamido, benzamido, hexanoylamido and azido group. The synthase was partially purified by chromatography on CDP-hexanolamine--Sepharose. CMP-glycosides synthesized were measured by analytical HPLC at 275 nm. Each NeuAc analogue was activated to the respective CMP-glycoside: Km-values varied from 0.8 mM to 4.6 mM, the Km for NeuAc was 1.4 mM. Thus affinity of the enzyme was influenced only moderately by chemical modification at C-9. CMP-glycosides were synthesized on a preparative scale with good yield and characterized by analytical HPLC. In addition, 500-MHz 1H-NMR data of CMP-9-amino-NeuAc and CMP-9-acetamido-NeuAc were obtained. Each CMP-activated NeuAc analogue was a suitable donor substrate for Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase from rat liver. Transfer was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method and by analytical HPLC at 200 nm. The results demonstrate that synthetic, not naturally occurring, non-labelled NeuAc analogues can be incorporated into glycoprotein with high yield.
Quantized Decentralized Consensus Optimization (2018)

We consider the problem of decentralized consensus optimization, where the sum of n convex functions are minimized over n distributed agents that form a connected network. In particular, we consider the case that the communicated local decision variables among nodes are quantized in order to alleviate the communication bottleneck in distributed optimization. We propose the Quantized Decentralized Gradient Descent (QDGD) algorithm, in which nodes update their local decision variables by combining the quantized information received from their neighbors with their local information. We prove that under standard strong convexity and smoothness assumptions for local cost functions, QDGD achieves a vanishing mean solution error. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm that achieves vanishing consensus error in the presence of quantization noise. Moreover, we provide simulation results that show tight agreement between our derived theoretical convergence rate and the experimental results.
Measurement of biomarker proteins for point-of-care early detection and monitoring of cancer (2010)

This critical review evaluates progress toward viable point-of-care protein biomarker measurements for cancer detection and diagnostics. The ability to measure panels of specific, selective cancer biomarker proteins in physicians' surgeries and clinics has the potential to revolutionize cancer detection, monitoring, and therapy. The dream envisions reliable, cheap, automated, technically undemanding devices that can analyze a patient's serum or saliva in a clinical setting, allowing on-the-spot diagnosis. Existing commercial products for protein assays are reliable in laboratory settings, but have limitations for point-of-care applications. A number of ultrasensitive immunosensors and some arrays have been developed, many based on nanotechnology. Multilabel detection coupled with high capture molecule density in immunosensors and arrays seems to be capable of detecting a wide range of protein concentrations with sensitivity ranging into the sub pg mL(-1) level. Multilabel arrays can be designed to detect both high and ultralow abundance proteins in the same sample. However, only a few of the newer ultrasensitive methods have been evaluated with real patient samples, which is key to establishing clinical sensitivity and selectivity.
An Industrial-Prototype Acoustic Array for Real-Time Emulsion Layer Detection in Oil Storage Tanks (2009)

In this paper, a low-cost and nonradioactive industrial field prototype device that provides continuous and real-time information of the vertical distribution of the oil, water, and emulsion (oil-water mixture) in the oil tank separator is presented. The device which is capable of detecting the emulsion layer with 15 cm resolution is installed into the vessel through an 8" (i.e., 20.3 cm) flange. It consists of a one dimensional array of 28 ultrasonic transducers which are activated in a time multiplexed manner by a separate transmitter located at the top of the tank. The transmitter explores the collected data, using a dedicated pattern recognition algorithm, to provide the position of the emulsion layer which is then transferred to the control room using industrial standard protocols (i.e., RS-485 and 4-20 mA output). The whole system is intrinsically safe and uses one single power source (12 VDC).
The Use of Molecular Profiling to Predict Survival after Chemotherapy for Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma (2002)

DNA microarrays can be used to formulate a molecular predictor of survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.
Atmospheric fate of various fluorocarbons (1993)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1993.
A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin for adults with recurrent malignant glioma: North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03 (2011)

Romidepsin, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in preclinical glioma models. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the pharmacokinetics of romidepsin in patients with recurrent glioma on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of romidepsin in patients with recurrent glioblastoma who were not receiving EIAEDs. Two dose cohorts were studied in the phase I component of the trial (13.3 and 17.7 mg/m(2)/d). Patients in the phase II component were treated with intravenous romidepsin at a dosage of 13.3 mg/m(2)/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Eight patients were treated on the phase I component. A similar romidepsin pharmacokinetic profile was demonstrated between patients receiving EIAEDs to those not receving EIAEDs. Thirty-five patients with glioblastoma were accrued to the phase II component. There was no objective radiographic response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 weeks and only 1 patient had a PFS time ≥6 months (PFS6 = 3%). To date, 34 patients (97%) have died, with a median survival duration of 34 weeks. Despite in vitro studies showing that romidepsin is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, no decrease in exposure to romidepsin was seen in patients receiving potent CYP3A4 inducers. Romidepsin, at its standard dose and schedule, was ineffective for patients with recurrent glioblastomas. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085540.
Porcine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Retain Their Proliferative Characteristics, Senescence, Karyotype and Plasticity after Long-Term Cryopreservation (2013)

We and others have provided evidence that adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) can mitigate rat cardiac functional deterioration after myocardial ischemia, even though the mechanism of action or the relevance of these findings to human conditions remains elusive. In this regard, the porcine model is a key translational step, because it displays heart anatomic-physiological features that are similar to those found in the human heart. Towards this end, we wanted to establish the cultural characteristics of porcine ASCs (pASCs) with or without long-term cryostorage, considering that allogeneic transplantation may also be a future option. Compared to fresh pASCs, thawed cells displayed 90-95% viability and no changes in morphological characteristics or in the expression of surface markers (being pASCs characterized by positive markers CD29(+); CD90(+); CD44(+); CD140b(+); CD105(+); and negative markers CD31(-); CD34(-); CD45(-) and SLA-DR(-); n = 3). Mean population doubling time was also comparable (64.26±15.11 hours to thawed cells vs. 62.74±18.07 hours to fresh cells) and cumulative population doubling increased constantly until Passage 10 (P10) in the entire cell population, with a small and gradual increase in senescence (P5, 3.25%±0.26 vs. 3.47%±0.32 and P10, 9.6%±0.29 vs. 10.67%±1.25, thawed vs. fresh; SA-β-Gal staining). Chromosomal aberrations were not observed. In addition, under both conditions pASCs responded to adipogenic and osteogenic chemical cues in vitro. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the growth characteristics, senescence, and the capacity of pASCs to respond to chemical cues in vitro and have provided evidence that these properties are not influenced by cryostorage in 10% DMSO solution.
Hardware Trust through Layout Filling: A Hardware Trojan Prevention Technique (2016)

The insertion of malicious alterations to a circuit, referred to as Hardware Trojans, is a threat considered more and more seriously during the last years. Numerous methods have been proposed in the literature to detect the presence of such alterations. More recently, Design-for-Hardware-Trust (DfHT) methods have been proposed, that enhance the design of the circuit in order to incorporate features that can either prevent the insertion of a HT or that can help detection methods. This paper focuses on a HT prevention technique that aims at creating a layout without filler cells, which are assumed to provide a great opportunity for HT insertion, in order to make the insertion of a HT in a layout as difficult as possible.
Synaptojanin 1: localization on coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals and interaction of its 170 kDa isoform with Eps15 (1997)

Synaptojanin 1 is an inositol 5-phosphatase with a putative role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Goal of this study was to provide new evidence for this hypothesis. We show that synaptojanin 1 is concentrated at clathrin-coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals. Furthermore, we report that synaptojanin-170, an alternatively spliced isoform of synaptojanin 1, binds Eps15, a clathrin coat-associated protein. Binding is mediated by the COOH-terminal region of synaptojanin-170 which we show here to be poorly conserved from rat to humans, but to contain in both species three asparagine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF) repeats. This motif has been found to be the core of the binding site for the EH domains of Eps15. Together with previous data, our results suggest that synaptojanin 1 can be recruited to clathrin-coated pits via a multiplicity of interactions.
Identifying histological elements with convolutional neural networks (2008)

Histological analysis on stained biopsy samples requires recognizing many kinds of local and structural details, with some awareness of context. Machine learning algorithms such as convolutional networks can be powerful tools for such problems, but often there may not be enough training data to exploit them to their full potential. In this paper, we show how convolutional networks can be combined with appropriate image analysis to achieve high accuracies on three very different tasks in breast and gastric cancer grading, despite the challenge of limited training data. The three problems are to count mitotic figures in the breast, to recognize epithelial layers in the stomach, and to detect signet ring cells.
Identification of a Novel and Selective Series of Itk Inhibitors via a Template-Hopping Strategy (2013)

Inhibition of Itk potentially constitutes a novel, nonsteroidal treatment for asthma and other T-cell mediated diseases. In-house kinase cross-screening resulted in the identification of an aminopyrazole-based series of Itk inhibitors. Initial work on this series highlighted selectivity issues with several other kinases, particularly AurA and AurB. A template-hopping strategy was used to identify a series of aminobenzothiazole Itk inhibitors, which utilized an inherently more selective hinge binding motif. Crystallography and modeling were used to rationalize the observed selectivity. Initial exploration of the SAR around this series identified potent Itk inhibitors in both enzyme and cellular assays.
Therapeutic efficacy of FcγRI/CD64-directed bispecific antibodies in B-cell lymphoma (2000)

CD64 (FcγRI) receptors represent highly potent trigger molecules for activated polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and mediate lysis of a range of tumors in the presence of appropriate monoclonal antibodies. An huCD64 transgenic mouse model designed to analyze the therapeutic activity of a panel of bispecific F(ab')2(BsAb) in retargeting granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–activated PMN against syngeneic B-cell lymphomas is reported. This model allows careful analysis of the individual elements of the therapeutic process. BsAb were directed against immunoglobulin-idiotype (Id), major histocompatibility class II (MHC II), or CD19 on the tumors and huCD64 on the effectors. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tumor tracking showed that, provided effectors were activated with G-CSF, all 3 derivatives destroyed and cleared lymphoma cells, with (huCD64 × MHC II) proving by far the most cytotoxic in vitro. However, though all derivatives delivered some survival advantage, only the [huCD64 × Id] BsAb provided long-term protection to tumor-bearing animals. These results demonstrate that CD64-recruited cytotoxic effectors operate in vivo but that the (huCD64 × Id) conferred an additional anti-tumor function essential for long-term protection. T-cell depletion studies demonstrated that this extra therapeutic activity with [huCD64 × Id] was totally dependent on CD4 and CD8 T cells and that mice, once “cured” with BsAb, were resistant to tumor rechallenge. These findings indicate that CD64 is an effective trigger molecule for delivering cytokine-activated PMN against tumor in vivo and that, provided tumor targets are selected appropriately, CD64-based BsAb can establish long-term T-cell immunity.
GATE, a Geant4-based simulation platform for PET integrating movement and time management (2004)

GATE, the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission, is a simulation platform developed for PET and SPECT. It combines a powerful simulation core (the Geant4 toolkit) and a large range of developments dedicated to nuclear medicine. In particular, it models the passing of time during real acquisitions, allowing to handle dynamic systems such as decaying source distributions or moving detectors. We present several series of results that illustrate the possibilities of this new platform. The simulation of decaying sources is illustrated on a dual-isotope acquisition with multiple time-frames. Count rate curves taking into account random coincidences and dead-time are shown for a dual-crystal set-up and for a small-animal PET scanner configuration. Simulated resolution curves and reconstructed images are shown for rotating PET scanners. Lastly, we present comparisons of simulated point-spread functions and spectra with experimental results obtained from a small-animal gamma camera prototype.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 to the Bone (2005)

TGF-beta1 is a ubiquitous growth factor that is implicated in the control of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival of many different cell types. It influences such diverse processes as embryogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. In skeletal tissue, TGF-beta1 plays a major role in development and maintenance, affecting both cartilage and bone metabolism, the latter being the subject of this review. Because it affects both cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineage, TGF-beta1 is one of the most important factors in the bone environment, helping to retain the balance between the dynamic processes of bone resorption and bone formation. Many seemingly contradictory reports have been published on the exact functioning of TGF-beta1 in the bone milieu. This review provides an overall picture of the bone-specific actions of TGF-beta1 and reconciles experimental discrepancies that have been reported for this multifunctional cytokine.
Experimental Modeling Supports a Role for MyBP-HL as a Novel Myofilament Component in Arrhythmia and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2017)

The findings of reduced ventricular function and conduction system defects in <i>Mybphl</i> mice support that <i>MYBPHL</i> truncations may increase risk for human arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
Control of PWM current source converter and inverter system for high performance induction motor drives (2002)

In this paper, a novel control strategy for an induction motor driver fed by a PWM current source converter and inverter system is proposed. A multivariable state feedback control with feedforward control is applied for the improved control of both the converter input and inverter output currents, which gives fast transient responses. In addition, the modulation index control of the DC link current is carried out, which produces lower loss of switching devices and low current ripples in steady state. With the PWM converter, the source current is nearly sinusoidal and unity power factor control is obtained. Since the capacitor voltage control is incorporated in the inverter output current control, the decoupling control of the d-q current of the induction motor is well retained. To verify the validity of the proposed strategy, various simulation results are prepared.