gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep eutectic solvents can be viable enzyme activators and stabilizers (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND Deep eutectic solvents ( DESs ) have recently attracted widespread interests as new green solvents for (bio)chemical transformations. In this study, 24 DESs were prepared to study their effects on enzymatic performance: two cholinium salts ( ChCl and ChAc ) combined with four H‐bond donors ( HBDs ) (urea, glycerol, acetamide, ethylene glycol) at three molar ratios. RESULTS In DES ‐containing aqueous solution, Penicillium expansum lipase ( PEL ) can be activated and stabilized up to 2.4 times and 18.4 times its original values, respectively. When DESs were used alone as the reaction medium to produce biodiesel from Millettia pinnata seed oil, Novozym 435 enabled a better conversion than PEL , with a maximal yield obtained in ChAc /glycerol (1:2). These DES effects arise from the formation of DES rather than from the synergetic action contributed by each of its components. Preliminary toxicity tests on Hydra sinensis suggest that a DES may be less toxic than its components. CONCLUSION DESs are viable solvents/cosolvents for lipase‐catalyzed reactions, and both lipase activity and stability are affected by the choice of DES components (salts and HBDs ) and their molar ratios. In both reaction systems above, the ChAc ‐based DESs were superior to the ChCl ‐based ones, while glycerol showed better compatibility with lipase than the other three HBDs tested. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Sequence properties of GPI-anchored proteins near the omega-site: constraints for the polypeptide binding site of the putative transamidase (1998)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a common post-translational modification of extracellular eukaryotic proteins. Attachment of the GPI moiety to the carboxyl terminus (omega-site) of the polypeptide occurs after proteolytic cleavage of a C-terminal propeptide. In this work, the sequence pattern for GPI-modification was analyzed in terms of physical amino acid properties based on a database analysis of annotated proprotein sequences. In addition to a refinement of previously described sequence signals, we report conserved sequence properties in the regions omega - 11...omega - 1 and omega + 4...omega + 5. We present statistical evidence for volume-compensating residue exchanges with respect to the positions omega - 1...omega + 2. Differences between protozoan and metazoan GPI-modification motifs consist mainly in variations of preferences to amino acid types at the positions near the omega-site and in the overall motif length. The variations of polypeptide substrates are exploited to suggest a model of the polypeptide binding site of the putative transamidase, the enzyme catalyzing the GPI-modification. The volume of the active site cleft accommodating the four residues omega - 1...omega + 2 appears to be approximately 540 A3.
Direct and tumor microenvironment mediated influences of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine on tumor progression of malignant melanoma (2008)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that a loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase ( MTAP ) gene expression exerts a tumor‐promoting effect, including induction of invasiveness, enhanced cell proliferation, and resistance against cytokines. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Since the loss of MTAP expression resulted in induced secretion of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐(methylthio)adenosine (MTA), we hypothesized that MTA might modulate the observed effects. We first determined MTA levels produced by tumor cells in vitro and in situ by means of stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we revealed induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and growth factor gene expression in melanoma cells accompanied by enhanced invasion and vasculogenic mimicry. In addition, MTA induced the secretion of basis fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and MMP3 from fibroblasts and the upregulation of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) activity in melanoma cells and fibroblasts. In summary, we demonstrated a tumor‐supporting role of MTA. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 210–219, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Hydrogen on GaN Growth by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1999)

The effects of hydrogen on GaN growth by remote plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (RPE-MOCVD) were investigated. Hydrogen addition changed the gas-phase reaction in the plasma and resulted in a Ga excess growth condition by scavenging activated nitrogen species, resulting in decreased carbon incorporation in Ga-sites. Furthermore, the GaN layer had a smooth surface with Ga polarity, whereas the layer grown without hydrogen addition showed a facetted surface with N polarity.
Biochemical, immunological, and in vivo functional characterization of B-domain-deleted factor VIII (1993)

Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is a cofactor in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation for which deficiency results in the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. FVIII contains a domain structure of A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 of which the B domain is dispensable for procoagulant activity in vitro. In this report, we compare the properties of B-domain-deleted FVIII (residues 760 through 1639, designated LA-VIII) to wildtype recombinant FVIII. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, LA-VIII was expressed at a 10- to 20-fold greater level compared with wildtype FVIII. The specific activity of purified LA-VIII was indistinguishable from wild-type recombinant FVIII and both exhibited similar thrombin activation coefficients. Wildtype recombinant-derived FVIII and LA-VIII also displayed similar timecourses of thrombin activation and heavy chain cleavage. However, compared with wildtype recombinant-derived FVIII, the light chain of LA-VIII was cleaved fivefold more rapidly by thrombin. Addition of purified von Willebrand factor (vWF) did not alter the kinetics of thrombin cleavage or activation of either wildtype recombinant-derived FVIII or LA-VIII. The immunogenicity of LA-VIII was compared with wildtype FVIII in a novel model of neonatal tolerance induction in mice. The results did not detect any immunologic differences between wildtype FVIII and LA-VIII, suggesting that LA-VIII does not contain significant new epitopes that are absent in wildtype FVIII. LA-VIII was tolerated well on infusion into FVIII-deficient dogs and was able to correct the cuticle bleeding time similar to wildtype recombinant factor VIII. In vivo, LA-VIII was bound to canine vWF and exhibited a half-life similar to wildtype recombinant FVIII. These studies support that B-domain-deleted FVIII may be efficacious in treatment of hemophilia A in humans.
Optical pulse pattern recognition circuit based on an optical digital-to-analog converter on a planar lightwave circuit (2002)

A 4-bit optical digital-to-analog converter for use in optical pulse pattern recognition has been fabricated on a silica-based planar light-wave circuit. We successfully confirmed the recognition of various kinds of 4-bit pulse sequence at 10 Gb/s.
C2-symmetric bis(phospholanes) and their use in highly enantioselective hydrogenation reactions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC2-symmetric bis(phospholanes) and their use in highly enantioselective hydrogenation reactionsMark J. BurkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 22, 8518–8519Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00022a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00022a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3347Altmetric-Citations414LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Protein Prosthesis:  A Nonnatural Residue Accelerates Folding and Increases Stability (2003)

Nonnatural residues can endow proteins with desirable properties. Here, replacing a proline residue that has a cis peptide bond in native ribonuclease A with 5,5-dimethyl-l-proline is shown to accelerate protein folding by 6-fold and enhance conformational stability by DeltaTm = 2.8 +/- 0.3 degrees C while having no effect on enzymatic activity. The rational use of this and other prosthetic segments could enable chemotherapeutic proteins to survive longer in vivo or retain activity after oral administration.
EVIDENCE FOR THE METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF NON‐STEROIDAL ANTIOESTROGENS: A STUDY OF STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS (1980)

1 The oestrogenic and antioestrogenic activities of tamoxifen and monohydroxytamoxifen have been compared with those of para-methoxy, -methyl, -fluoro, and -chloro tamoxifen in the 3 day immature rat uterine weight test.2 The oestrogenic activity of mestranol, a steroid with low oestrogen receptor binding affinity which is believed to be demethylated to ethinyl oestradiol before exerting its effects, was less potent than ethinyl oestradiol when assayed in the 3 day immature rat uterine weight test. Similarly, para-methoxytamoxifen was less active than monohydroxytamoxifen in oestrogenic and antioestrogenic tests.3 The introduction of a para-methoxy group into tamoxifen did not affect oestrogenic or antioestrogenic activity.4 All the derivatives of tamoxifen were partial oestrogen agonists when compared with oestradiol benzoate in the 3 d immature rat uterine weight test. All test compounds inhibited the uterotrophic activity of oestradiol benzoate (0.16 mug daily) in a dose-related manner. The order of potency was: monohydroxytamoxifen > tamoxifen identical with methoxytamoxifen > p-fluoro identical with p-chloro identical with p-methyltamoxifen.5 Tamoxifen was approximately equiactive with its p-methyl, p-fluoro and p-chloro derivatives in the ability to inhibit [(3)H]-oestradiol binding to rat uterine oestrogen receptors in vitro.6 Tamoxifen was approximately equiactive with its p-methyl and p-fluoro derivatives in the ability to inhibit vaginal cornification of ovariectomized rats upon intravaginal administration with oestradiol (3.2 ng total dose).7 Since tamoxifen in vivo was more active as a partial oestrogen agonist and antagonist than the para substituted fluoro, chloro and methyl derivatives that cannot undergo metabolic hydroxylation to monohydroxytamoxifen, whereas the antioestrogenic activity of the compounds upon local application in the vaginal cornification test was equivalent as was their ability to inhibit [(3)H]-oestradiol-17beta binding to the oestrogen receptor in vitro, it is suggested that at low doses; i.e. over the range of the partial agonist dose-response curve, the biological activity of tamoxifen is the net result of the activities of the parent compound and its metabolites.8 The results demonstrate that metabolic activation of non-steroidal antioestrogens is only an advantage and not a requirement for antioestrogenic activity.
Silicon motherboards for multichannel optical modules (1996)

A novel method of a fluxless, high precision, and reliable Au/Au thermo compression flip chip bonding process for optoelectronic devices has been developed. The main technologies for the manufacturing of multichannel optical modules are based on the height control within 0.5 /spl mu/m of electroplated Au bumps on silicon motherboards in the close environment of v-grooves, the flip chip bonding applying low pressure at temperatures below 300/spl deg/C, and reproducible passive fiber array alignment with high coupling efficiencies. A coupling loss of 8.5 db has been achieved, which is very close to the active alignment result of 8.1 dB. The reliability of flip chip bonded laser and photo diodes has been investigated by aging and temperature cycling tests, where no shift of the threshold current occurred, the coupling efficiency did not vary and the dark current showed no degradation. The RF performance of the electrical interconnection on the silicon motherboard has been analyzed and a transmission experiment at 622 Mb/s has been done successfully.
Creation of an hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine loop in carcinoma cells induces invasive properties associated with increased tumorigenicity. (1994)

Exogenous HGF/SF converts subconfluent cultures of NBT-II epithelial carcinoma cells into mobile fibroblast-like cells while being only mitogenic for cells maintained at high density. To investigate the potential role of such factor in tumor progression, we generated HGF/SF-producing NBT-II cells by transfection with an expression plasmid containing human HGF/SF cDNA. HGF/SF-producing cells also exhibit a fibroblastic phenotype. Media conditioned by these cells are potent inducers of in vitro tubulogenesis which can be inhibited with specific anti-HGF/SF antibodies; these antibodies are also able to reverse the scattered phenotype of the HGF/SF-producing cells. In addition spheroids of HGF/SF-producing cells are dispersed into 3D collagen gels suggesting an increase of invasive properties of these cells. When injected in nude mice, these HGF/SF-producing cells induce tumors appearing more rapidly than did those obtained with untransfected cells. These results show that HGF/SF can promote motility and invasive properties of NBT-II bladder carcinoma cells and also confers a tumorigenic advantage when acting as an autocrine factor.
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN AND ITS RECEPTORS (1997)

Angiotensin receptors are present in a number of organs and systems including heart, kidney, gonad, and placenta; pituitary and adrenal glands; the peripheral vessels, and the central nervous system. This octapeptide exerts diverse effects that include induction of cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia and a stimulation of hormone synthesis and ion transport in the heart, kidney, and adrenal, primarily through type 1 (AT1) receptors. In the kidney, several heterogeneous cell populations--endothelial, epithelial, and vascular--carry AT1 receptors. Some studies suggest that AT2 receptors are also functional, but the cell type carrying this receptor and the nature of its specific function have not been fully elucidated. Although studies indicate that AT1 receptors are affected in response to physiological and pathophysiological manipulations, the functional significance of these modulations remains largely uncertain. Nevertheless, recent human genetic studies indicate that polymorphisms in AT1 receptors, as well as in other angiotensin-related genes, have significant impact on organ remodeling processes of the heart and the kidney.
Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy as a means of studying the chemical composition of bone: applications to osteoarthritis (1997)

Infrared microspectroscopy combines microscopy and spectroscopy for the purpose of chemical microanalysis. Light microscopy provides a way to generate and record magnified images and visibly resolve microstructural detail. Infrared spectroscopy provides a means for analyzing the chemical makeup of materials. Combining light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy permits the correlation of microstructure with chemical composition. Inherently, the long wavelengths of infrared radiation limit the spatial resolution of the technique. However, synchrotron infrared radiation significantly improves both the spectral and spatial resolution of an infrared microspectrometer, such that data can be obtained with high signal-to-noise at the diffraction limit, which is 3 - 5 micrometers in the mid-infrared region.
Triplet State Properties of the OLED Emitter Ir(btp)2(acac):  Characterization by Site-Selective Spectroscopy and Application of High Magnetic Fields (2007)

The well-known red emitting complex Ir(btp)2(acac) (bis(2-(2'-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3')iridium(acetylacetonate)), frequently used as emitter material in OLEDs, has been investigated in a polycrystalline CH2Cl2 matrix. The studies were carried out under variation of temperature down to 1.2 K and at magnetic fields up to B=10 T. Highly resolved emission and excitation spectra of several specific sites are obtained by site-selective spectroscopy. For the preferentially investigated site (I-->0 at 16268 cm-1), the three substates I, II, and III of the T1 triplet state are separated by DeltaEII-I=2.9 cm-1 and DeltaEIII-I=25.0 cm-1, respectively. DeltaEIII-I represents the total zero-field splitting (ZFS). The individual decay times of these substates are tauI=150 micros, tauII=58 micros, and tauIII=2 micros, respectively. The long decay time of the lowest substate I indicates its almost pure triplet character. The time for relaxation from state II to state I (spin-lattice relaxation, SLR) is as long as 22 micros at T=1.5 K, while the thermalization between the two lower lying substates and substate III is fast. Application of a magnetic field induces Zeeman mixing of the substates of T1, resulting in an increased splitting between the two lower lying substates from 2.9 cm-1 at zero field to, for example, 6.8 cm-1 at B=10 T. Further, the decay time of the B-field perturbed lowest substate IB decreases by a factor of about 7 up to 10 T. The magnetic field properties clearly show that the three investigated states belong to the same triplet parent term of one single site. Other sites show a similar behavior, though the values of ZFS vary between 15 and 27 cm-1. Since the amount of ZFS reflects the extent of MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) parentage, it can be concluded that the emitting state T1 is a 3LC (ligand centered) state with significant admixtures of 1,3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) character. Interestingly, the results show that the MLCT perturbation is different for the various sites. An empirical correlation between the amount of ZFS and the compound's potential for its use as emitter material in an OLED is presented. As a rule of thumb, a triplet emitter is considered promising for application in OLEDs, if it has a ZFS larger than about 10 cm-1.
Long‐Term Results of Endolymphatic Mastoid Shunt Surgery in Patients with Intractable Ménière's Disease (2009)

EMS appears to be beneficial in the short term for the symptomatic patients.
Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Piracetam in the Treatment of Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (2001)

Piracetam given as add-on therapy seems to be an effective, sustained, and well-tolerated treatment of myoclonus. In patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy, the efficacy of the drug increased during the first 12 months of treatment and then stabilized.
Optimal Component Composition for Scalable Stream Processing (2005)

Stream processing has become increasingly important with emergence of stream applications such as audio/video surveillance, stock price tracing, and sensor data analysis. A challenging problem is to provide optimal component composition in a distributed stream processing environment. The goal of optimal component composition is to achieve load balancing subject to multiple function, resource, and quality-of-service (QoS) constraints while composing stream applications. In this paper, we present an adaptive composition probing (ACP) approach to the problem. Different from previous work, ACP provides a new hybrid approach that combines distributed composition probing with coarse-grain global state management. Guided by the coarse-grain global state information, ACP selectively probes a subset of candidate components to discover an approximately optimal component composition. Further, ACP is self-tuning, which can adoptively adjust the number of probes to maintain a specified composition performance target (i.e., composition success rate) in a dynamic stream environment. While the optimal component composition problem is NP-hard, our ACP approach provides an adaptive polynomial approximation solution. We have conducted extensive simulation experiments to show the efficiency, scalability, and adaptability of the ACP approach by comparing with other alternative solutions
Kinesin-73 in the nervous system of Drosophila  embryos (1997)

Kinesin-73 cDNA was shown to encode a kinesin heavy chain protein that contains an N-terminal motor domain and a long central region that lacks extensive coiled-coils. The amino acid sequence of the motor domain of kinesin-73 protein is most closely related to the motor domains of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-104 and mouse KIF1A. The central region of kinesin-73 protein also is related to unc-104 and KIF1A, but the homology is lower than that of the motor domain. The C-terminal region of kinesin-73 protein contains a cytoskeleton associated protein Gly-rich domain, which is a putative microtubule binding site that is present in some cytoskeleton or dynein-associated proteins. Kinesin-73 mRNA was shown by in situ hybridization to be maternally expressed and widely distributed in the syncytial blastoderm embryo. However, later in Drosophila embryo development, expression of the kinesin-73 gene becomes restricted mostly to the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Allopurinol Normalizes Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetics With Mild Hypertension (2000)

Therapeutic strategies against free radicals have mostly focused on the augmentation of antioxidant defenses (eg, vitamins C and E). A novel approach is to prevent free radical generation by the enzyme system xanthine oxidase. We examined whether the inhibition of xanthine oxidase with allopurinol can improve endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes and coexisting mild hypertension compared with control subjects of a similar age. We examined 23 subjects (11 patients with type 2 diabetes and 12 healthy age-matched control subjects) in 2 parallel groups. The subjects were administered 300 mg allopurinol in a randomized, placebo-controlled study in which both therapies were administered for 1 month. Endothelial function was assessed with bilateral venous occlusion plethysmography, in which the forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusions of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators were measured. Allopurinol significantly increased the mean forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine by 30% (3.16+/-1.21 versus 2.54+/-0.76 mL. 100 mL(-1). min(-1) allopurinol versus placebo; P=0.012, 95% CI 0.14, 1.30) but did not affect the nitroprusside response in patients with type 2 diabetes. There was no significant impact on either endothelium-dependent or -independent vascular responses in age-matched control subjects. Allopurinol improved endothelial function to near-normal levels. Regarding markers of free radical activity, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced (0.30+/-0.04 versus 0. 34+/-0.05 micromol/L for allopurinol versus placebo, P=0.03) in patients with type 2 diabetes but not in control subjects. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes with mild hypertension but not in matched control subjects. In the former group, allopurinol restored endothelial function to near-normal levels.