gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a direct access file system (DAFS) kernel server for FreeBSD (2002)

7xxx aluminium series reach exceptional strength compared to other industrial aluminium alloys. However, 7xxx aluminium series usually exhibit Precipitate-Free Zones (PFZs) along grain boundaries, which favour intergranular fracture and low ductility. In this study, the competition between intergranular and transgranular fracture is experimentally investigated in the 7075 Al alloy. This is of critical importance since it directly affects the formability and crashworthiness of thin Al sheets. Using Friction Stir Processing (FSP), microstructures with similar hardening precipitates and PFZs, but with very different grain structures and intermetallic (IM) particle size distribution, were generated and studied. Experimental results showed that the effect of microstructure on the failure mode was significantly different for tensile ductility compared to bending formability. While the tensile ductility was significantly improved for the microstructure with equiaxed grains and smaller IM particles (compared to elongated grains and larger particles), the opposite trend was observed in terms of formability.
Ecdysone-inducible gene expression in mammalian cells and transgenic mice. (1996)

During metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster, a cascade of morphological changes is triggered by the steroid hormone 20-OH ecdysone via the ecdysone receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In this report, we have transferred insect hormone responsiveness to mammalian cells by the stable expression of a modified ecdysone receptor that regulates an optimized ecdysone responsive promoter. Inductions reaching 4 orders of magnitude have been achieved upon treatment with hormone. Transgenic mice expressing the modified ecdysone receptor can activate an integrated ecdysone responsive promoter upon administration of hormone. A comparison of tetracycline-based and ecdysone-based inducible systems reveals the ecdysone regulatory system exhibits lower basal activity and higher inducibility. Since ecdysone administration has no apparent effect on mammals, its use for regulating genes should be excellent for transient inducible expression of any gene in transgenic mice and for gene therapy.
A novel tetravalent bispecific TandAb (CD30/CD16A) efficiently recruits NK cells for the lysis of CD30+tumor cells (2014)

To improve recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells to lyse tumor cells, we isolated a human anti-CD16A antibody with similar affinity for the CD16A 158F/V allotypes, but no binding to the CD16B isoform. Using CD16A-targeting Fv domains, we constructed a tetravalent bispecific CD30/CD16A tandem diabody (TandAb®) consisting solely of Fv domains. This TandAb has two binding sites for CD16A and two for CD30, the antigen identifying Hodgkin lymphoma cells. The binding and cytotoxicity of the TandAb were compared with antibodies with identical anti-CD30 domains: (1) a native IgG, (2) an IgG optimized for binding to Fc receptors, and (3) a bivalent bispecific CD30/CD16A diabody. Due to its CD16A-bivalency and reduced koff, the TandAb was retained longer on the surface of NK cells than the IgGs or the diabody. This contributed to the higher potency and efficacy of the TandAb relative to those of the other anti-CD30 antibodies. TandAb cytotoxicity was independent of the CD16A allotype, whereas the anti-CD30 IgGs were substantially less cytotoxic when NK cells with low affinity CD16A allotype were employed. TandAb activation of NK cells was strictly dependent on the presence of CD30(+) target cells. Therefore, the CD30/CD16A TandAb may represent a promising therapeutic for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma; further, anti-CD16A TandAbs may function as potent immunotherapeutics that specifically recruit NK cells to destroy cancer cells.
A hybrid thin-film/CMOS fluorescence contact imager (2009)

A hybrid thin film/CMOS microsystem for fluorescence contact imaging is presented. The microsystem integrates a high-performance optical filter and a 128times128-pixel imager fabricated in a 0.35 mum technology. The thin-film filter is fabricated and characterized prior to assembly. Its optical density (OD) is over 6.0 at the wavelength of interest. The performance of the microsystem is experimentally validated by imaging conventional Cy3 fluorophore spots using a low-cost pen-sized laser. The emission intensity as a function of fluorophore concentration is measured with the estimated sensitivity of 20 fluorophore/ mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Establishment and immunological characterization of cultured human gallbladder epithelial cells (1993)

Biliary epithelial cells are a primary site of damage in liver allograft rejection and in immunologically mediated diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. Human leukocyte antigens and adhesion molecules on the biliary epithelium are associated with T-lymphocytic binding, recognition and destruction. To investigate relevant cellular immunological mechanisms under standard conditions, we have established an in vitro model using human gallbladder epithelial cells. Although not directly affected in these aberrations, gallbladder epithelial cells are excellent objects for immunological investigations. More than 10(8) highly purified cells were isolated and cultured longer than 6 wk in confluent monolayers. Cell growth was routinely established on uncoated plastic culture dishes, and serum-free media could be applied for immunological experiments. Cell characterization was performed by means of specific monoclonal antibodies typical for biliary epithelial cells. Cytokeratins 1 through 8, 18 and 19 and human epithelial cell antibody 125 always showed strong positive staining. Antigen patterns were examined before and after treatment with interferon-gamma by use of immunohistochemical staining methods. Untreated human gallbladder epithelial cells expressed human leukocyte class I antigens but few or no class II antigens. After stimulation with interferon-gamma induction of human leukocyte antigen-DR, -DP and -DQ was detected. In addition, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was induced on these gallbladder epithelial cells. Therefore an immunological competence similar to that of biliary epithelial cells could be demonstrated. In vitro cell cultures of gallbladder epithelial cells offer a promising tool for subsequent investigations concerning intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and their interactions with cells of the immune system.
Synergy of Nab-paclitaxel and Bevacizumab in Eradicating Large Orthotopic Breast Tumors and Preexisting Metastases (2011)

Bevacizumab prevents tumor recurrence and metastasis promoted by nab-paclitaxel activation of NF-κB pathway. Combination therapy with high-dosed nab-paclitaxel demonstrates the potential to eradicate advanced primary tumors and preexisting metastases. These findings strongly support translating this regimen into clinics.
Lateral Transport of a Lipid Probe and Labeled Proteins on a Cell Membrane (1977)

Diffusion coefficients (D) of a lipid probe and labeled proteins on L-6 myoblast membranes have been measured giving D(protein) approximately 2 X 10(-10) square centimeter per second and D (lipid probe) approximately 9 X 10(-9) square centimeter per second. Some of the membrane proteins are immobile, but the lipid probe diffuses freely over macroscopic distances. Cytochalasin B slows protein but not lipid probe diffusion.
Focused resolution of thin conducting layers by various dipole EM systems (1995)

Abstract Electromagnetic sounding in the frequency domain can be performed in two ways--either by changing frequency at a location (frequency sounding) or by changing the transmitter-receiver (T-R) separation using a fixed frequency (geometric sounding). These changes in frequency or separation parameters effect vertical scanning of conductivity distributions below the earth's surface. In case of thin conducting layers, there could be an optimum range of frequencies or T-R separations that provide maximum resolution of the layer parameters. Thus, for a given buried target layer, it should be possible to find ranges of frequencies or separations that yield the best focusing. The present study deals with the focused resolution of a thin conducting layer in frequency sounding with variable T-R separation for four different dipole configurations.It is observed from the inversion of the data from various dipole electromagnetic (EM) systems that different T-R separations have different resolutions for the same target layer. It is also observed that for a particular loop system, the best resolution is observed at an optimum T-R separation. The resolution becomes poorer when the T-R separation is either increased or decreased from this particular separation. Thus it has been possible to propose a 'zone of focusing' for various dipole EM configurations. The study reveals that this zone is broadest for the horizontal coplanar loops system, implying that this system yields good resolution over a wide range of T-R separations. Compared to this, the perpendicular loops system yields a very sharp peak implying that it resolves the target over a very narrow range of separations. However, the perpendicular loops system provides resolution most parsimoniously requiring the least T-R separation. This is followed by the vertical coplanar, vertical coaxial, and horizontal coplanar loops systems.
Mechanism of Action of Transmembrane Activator and Calcium Modulator Ligand Interactor-Ig in Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2004)

B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) blockade prevents the onset of disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone NZB/NZW F(1) mice. To determine the mechanism of this effect, we administered a short course of TACI-Ig with and without six doses of CTLA4-Ig to 18- to 20-wk-old NZB/NZW F(1) mice and evaluated the effect on B and T cell subsets and on anti-dsDNA Ab-producing B cells. Even a brief exposure to TACI-Ig had a beneficial effect on murine SLE; CTLA4-Ig potentiated this effect. The combination of TACI-Ig and CTLA4-Ig resulted in a temporary decrease in serum IgG levels. However, after cessation of treatment, high titers of IgG anti-dsDNA Abs appeared in the serum and IgG Abs deposited in the kidneys. Despite the appearance of pathogenic autoantibodies, the onset of proteinuria was markedly delayed; this was associated with prolonged depletion of B cells past the T1 stage, a decrease in the size of the spleen and lymph nodes, and a decrease in the absolute number of activated and memory CD4(+) T cells. TACI-Ig treatment normalized serum levels of IgM that are markedly elevated in NZB/W F(1) mice; this appeared to be due to a prolonged effect on the ability of the splenic microenvironment to support short-lived IgM plasma cells. Finally, a short course of combination TACI-Ig and CTLA4-Ig prolonged life and even reversed proteinuria in aged NZB/W F(1) mice, suggesting that BAFF blockade may be an effective therapeutic strategy for active SLE.
Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure by Energy Minimization (1994)

Secondary structure prediction for RNA is fundamentally different from three-dimensional molecular modeling (1). A secondary structure of an RNA molecule is simply a collection of predicted base pairs subject to a few simple rules. Base pairs can be either G-C or A-U Watson-Crick pairs, or the weaker G-U pair.
Nonlinear Micromechanical Casimir Oscillator (2001)

The Casimir force between uncharged metallic surfaces originates from quantum-mechanical zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. We demonstrate that this quantum electrodynamical effect has a profound influence on the oscillatory behavior of microstructures when surfaces are in close proximity (< or =100 nm). Frequency shifts, hysteretic behavior, and bistability caused by the Casimir force are observed in the frequency response of a periodically driven micromachined torsional oscillator.
Forty Years of Steam Injection in California – The Evolution of Heat Management (2003)

Abstract Steam injection EOR began in California forty years ago, and has been highly successful. As a consequence, California's thermal recovery operations represent a leading source of EOR production in the world. The understanding of most early thermal recovery operators was limited to the concept of "heat reduces heavy oil viscosity, and reduced viscosity means more production." Steam injection was attempted in almost any reservoir having viscous oil with little appreciation of other recovery process considerations. Although several early pilot projects were steamfloods, most early applications were cyclic stimulation. During the late 1970's, steamflooding became predominant, and many people considered steamflooding to be a displacement process (hence the term "steam drive’). With this paradigm and high oil prices, there was little impetus to understand efficient use of heat. The predominant philosophy was "If you want more oil, inject more steam." With the later collapse of oil prices, operators returned to review process fundamentals and to determine how to more efficiently operate steam projects. This paper discusses the shift to an override, or gravity drainage, model concept. This helped lead to reduced steam injection and improved thermal efficiency through the use of heat management. This paper discusses the shift to the concept of steam override and gravity drainage as steamflood recovery mechanisms and the subsequent use of heat management practices that improved thermal recovery efficiency.
Iliac vein compression.--Its relation to iliofemoral thrombosis and the post-thrombotic syndrome. (1967)

Summary The treatment of haemorrhoids by conservative methods has been examined. Injection therapy with the use of phenol in almond oil was effective in controlling bleeding, but with almond oil alone it was not. A comparison between the results of injection therapy and the technique of rubber ring ligation showed objectively better results after six months with ligations. However, ligation was sometimes followed by pain, and a few patients refused to continue with this form of treatment. These preliminary alternatives indicate that phenol in oil is still the best treatment for early first-degree piles. The results of ligation for second-degree piles are encouraging, but further evaluation is required.
Pioneering Perspectives on Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentaryNEXTPioneering Perspectives on Asymmetric Hydrogenation †William S. Knowles and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information Retired from Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan †W. S. Knowles, R. Noyori, and K. B. Sharpless shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 2007, 40, 12, 1238–1239Publication Date (Web):December 18, 2007Publication History Received3 April 2007Accepted29 May 2007Published online18 December 2007Published inissue 1 December 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar7000809https://doi.org/10.1021/ar7000809editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views8663Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (63 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Asymmetric catalysis,Catalysts,Chemical structure,Ligands,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
InP-based Resonant Tunnelnig Diode/HEMT Integrated Circuits for Ultrahigh-Speed Operation (2006)

The RTDs feature strong nonlinear I–V characteristics exhibiting negative differential resistance as well as an extremely high operation frequency. This paper discusses the RTD/HEMT integration circuits and their applications based on our recent results. In addition to this, a novel integration technology, called fluidic self-assembly (FSA), for integration of III-V RTDs on other substrate, is also described. This technique is promising for expanding the applicability of the RTDs.
Comparative analysis of the influences of human gamma, alpha and beta interferons on human multipotential (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells. (1983)

Preparations of human interferon (HuIFN) immune (gamma) (2 X 10(7) units/mg protein), HuIFN leukocyte (alpha) (1.4 X 10(8) units/mg protein) and HuIFN fibroblasts (beta) (10(6) U/mg protein) were assessed for their influence on colony formation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells: colony forming unit-granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM), burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), day 7 colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and day 14 CFU-GM. Colony formation by CFU-GEMM and BFU-E was suppressed equally by the three preparations of HuIFN, but colony formation by CFU-GM was suppressed differentially. CFU-GM were, on the whole, more responsive to HuIFN gamma than HuIFN alpha, and HuIFN beta was least effective. HuIFN alpha, but not HuIFN gamma or HuIFN beta, suppressed colony formation from CFU-GM without also suppressing the total number of colonies plus clusters. This was due to an increase in the numbers of clusters formed in the presence of HuIFN alpha. The suppressive influence on colonies from CFU-GM by the preparations of HuIFN and the enhancement of clusters by HuIFN alpha was apparently equal for colonies and clusters of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and neutrophils plus macrophages. The suppressive effects of HuIFN gamma were inactivated by a monoclonal antibody to HuIFN gamma and the suppressive and enhancing effects of HuIFN alpha were inactivated with a heteroantiserum to HuIFN alpha. Depletion of monocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes from the target bone marrow cells had no influence on the effects of the preparations of HuIFN. These results demonstrate that the effects of HuIFN gamma and HuIFN alpha are due to the HuIFN themselves and that these actions on the hematopoietic progenitor cells are probably not mediated through monocytes and/or lymphocytes.
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-associated Polysialic Acid Inhibits NR2B-containing N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Prevents Glutamate-induced Cell Death (2006)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its associated glycan polysialic acid play important roles in the development of the nervous system and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the adult. Here, we investigated the influence of polysialic acid on NMDA receptor activity. We found that glutamate-elicited NMDA receptor currents in cultured hippocampal neurons were reduced by approximately 30% with the application of polysialic acid or polysialylated NCAM but not by the sialic acid monomer, chondroitin sulfate, or non-polysialylated NCAM. Polysialic acid inhibited NMDA receptor currents elicited by 3 microm glutamate but not by 30 microm glutamate, suggesting that polysialic acid acts as a competitive antagonist, possibly at the glutamate binding site. The polysialic acid induced effects were mimicked and fully occluded by the NR2B subunit specific antagonist, ifenprodil. Recordings from single synaptosomal NMDA receptors reconstituted in lipid bilayers revealed that polysialic acid reduced open probability but not the conductance of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in a polysialic acid and glutamate concentration-dependent manner. The activity of single NR2B-lacking synaptosomal NMDA receptors was not affected by polysialic acid. Application of polysialic acid to hippocampal cultures reduced excitotoxic cell death induced by low micromolar concentration of glutamate via activation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors, whereas enzymatic removal of polysialic acid resulted in increased cell death that occluded glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. These observations indicate that the cell adhesion molecule-associated glycan polysialic acid is able to prevent excitotoxicity via inhibition of NR2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors.
The molecular basis of lysosomal storage diseases and their treatment (2000)

The lysosomal system is the main intracellular mechanism for the catabolism of naturally occurring endogenous and exogenous macromolecules and the subsequent recycling of their constituent monomeric components. It also plays an important part in processing essential metabolites. A genetic defect in a protein responsible for maintaining the lysosomal system results in the accumulation within lysosomes of partially degraded molecules, the initial step in the process leading to a lysosomal storage disease. The defective protein can be a luminal lysosomal enzyme or protein cofactor, a lysosomal membrane protein or a protein involved in the post-translational modification or transport of lysosomal proteins. Over 40 lysosomal storage diseases are known and they have a collective incidence of approximately 1 in 7000-8000 live births. Most of the genes for the lysosomal proteins have been cloned, permitting mutation analysis in individual cases. This information can be used for genotype/phenotype correlation, genetic counselling and the selection of patients for novel forms of therapy, such as substrate deprivation or dispersal, enzyme replacement, bone-marrow transplantation and gene transfer.
Anti-FGF-23 neutralizing antibodies ameliorate muscle weakness and decreased spontaneous movement of Hyp mice (2010)

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) plays causative roles in the development of several hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia such as X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) and tumor-induced rickets/osteomalacia. Patients with hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia often complain of muscle weakness and bone pain that severely affect daily activities of these patients. The purpose of this study was to examine whether anti-FGF-23 antibodies, which have been shown to improve hypophosphatemia and rachitic changes of juvenile Hyp mice in a murine model of XLH, also ameliorate hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and affect muscle force and spontaneous motor activity in adult Hyp mice. Repeated injections of anti-FGF-23 antibodies increased serum phosphate and 1,25-dihydroxyvitmain D levels and enhanced mineralization of osteoid in adult Hyp mice, whereas bone length did not change. We found that grip strength was weaker and that spontaneous movement was less in adult Hyp mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, FGF-23 antibodies increased grip strength and spontaneous movement. These results suggest that the inhibition of excess FGF-23 action not only ameliorates hypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone but also improves muscle weakness and daily activities of patients with FGF-23-related hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia.