gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Antitoxic Activities among Children with Clinical Episodes of Malaria (1998)

Healthy Gambian children, children with clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were studied to investigate whether antitoxic activities may contribute to protection against malarial symptoms. Markers of inflammatory reactions, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I, and C-reactive protein were found in high concentrations in children with symptomatic P. falciparum malaria compared with levels in children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections or in healthy children, indicating that inflammatory reactions are induced only in children with clinical symptoms. Concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I and C-reactive protein were associated with levels of parasitemia. We detected antitoxic activities in sera as measured by their capacity to block toxin-induced Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) activation. Symptomatic children had decreased capacity to block induction of LAL activation by P. falciparum exoantigen. The decreased blocking activity was restored in the following dry season, when the children had no clinical malaria. Symptomatic children also had the highest immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivities to conserved P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 and "Pfalhesin" (band #3) peptides, indicating that such IgG antibodies are stimulated by acute disease but are lost rapidly after the disease episode. Half of the children with symptomatic infections had low levels of haptoglobin, suggesting that these children had chronic P. falciparum infections which may have caused symptoms previously. Only a few of the children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections had high parasite counts, and antitoxic immunity in the absence of antiparasite immunity appears to be rare among children in this community.
Anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus (2014)

Ferroglobus placidus was discovered to oxidize completely the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan when Fe(III) oxide was provided as an electron acceptor. This property had not been reported previously for a hyperthermophilic archaeon. It appeared that F. placidus follows a pathway for phenylalanine and tryptophan degradation similar to that of mesophilic nitrate-reducing bacteria, Thauera aromatica and Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1. Phenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate and indole-3-acetate were formed during anaerobic degradation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively. Candidate genes for enzymes involved in the anaerobic oxidation of phenylalanine to phenylacetate (phenylalanine transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase and phenylacetaldehyde : ferredoxin oxidoreductase) were identified in the F. placidus genome. In addition, transcription of candidate genes for the anaerobic phenylacetate degradation, benzoyl-CoA degradation and glutaryl-CoA degradation pathways was significantly upregulated in microarray and quantitative real-time-PCR studies comparing phenylacetate-grown cells with acetate-grown cells. These results suggested that the general strategies for anaerobic degradation of aromatic amino acids are highly conserved amongst bacteria and archaea living in both mesophilic and hyperthermophilic environments. They also provided insights into the diverse metabolism of Archaeoglobaceae species living in hyperthermophilic environments.
Turducken (2005)

Maintaining optimal consistency in a distributed system requires that nodes be always-on to synchronize information. Unfortunately, mobile devices such as laptops do not have adequate battery capacity for constant processing and communication. Even by powering off unnecessary components, such as the screen and disk, current laptops only have a lifetime of a few hours. Although PDAs and sensors are similarly limited in lifetime, a PDA's power requirement is an order-of-magnitude smaller than a laptop's, and a sensor's is an order-of-magnitude smaller than a PDA's. By combining these diverse platforms into a single integrated laptop, we can reduce the power cost of always-on operation. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of Turducken, a Hierarchical Power Management architecture for mobile systems. We focus on a particular instantiation of HPM, which provides high levels of consistency in a laptop by integrating two additional low power processors. We demonstrate that a Turducken system can provide battery lifetimes of up to ten times that of a standard laptop for always-on operation and three times for a system that periodically sleeps.
Field operational testing of ECO-approach technology at a fixed-time signalized intersection (2012)

As part of a number of Intelligent Transportation (ITS) applications aimed at providing an environmental benefit, eco-approach technology is one that is feasible in the near-term. An eco-approach application uses Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) and intersection map information of signalized intersections to provide drivers with recommendations in order to encourage “green” driving while approaching, passing through, and departing the intersections. Upon receiving SPaT information, invehicle systems calculate and provide speed advice to the driver, allowing the driver to adapt the vehicle's speed to pass through the upcoming signal on green or to decelerate to a stop in the most eco-friendly manner. Eco-approach methods have been proposed and simulated showing promising results. In this study, both simulation experimentation and field operational testing have been carried out to demonstrate the eco-approach application and to quantify its potential fuel and carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) savings. Furthermore, it has been shown that a communication platform based on a 4G/LTE network link and a cloud-based server infrastructure is effective and sufficient for this kind of application. It was found in both the simulation experiment and the field operational testing that on average 14% fuel and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> savings can be achieved.
Wide Field-of-View On-Chip Talbot Fluorescence Microscopy for Longitudinal Cell Culture Monitoring from within the Incubator (2013)

Time-lapse or longitudinal fluorescence microscopy is broadly used in cell biology. However, current available time-lapse fluorescence microscopy systems are bulky and costly. The limited field-of-view (FOV) associated with the microscope objective necessitates mechanical scanning if a larger FOV is required. Here we demonstrate a wide FOV time-lapse fluorescence self-imaging Petri dish system, termed the Talbot Fluorescence ePetri, which addresses these issues. This system’s imaging is accomplished through the use of the Fluorescence Talbot Microscopy (FTM). By incorporating a microfluidic perfusion subsystem onto the platform, we can image cell cultures directly from within an incubator. Our prototype has a resolution limit of 1.2 μm and an FOV of 13 mm2. As demonstration, we obtained time-lapse images of HeLa cells expressing H2B-eGFP. We also employed the system to analyze the cells’ dynamic response to an anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT). This method can provide a compact and simple solution for automated fluorescence imaging of cell cultures in incubators.
B Cells Directly Tolerize CD8+ T Cells (1998)

This report investigates the response of CD8(+) T cells to antigens presented by B cells. When C57BL/6 mice were injected with syngeneic B cells coated with the Kb-restricted ovalbumin (OVA) determinant OVA257-264, OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) tolerance was observed. To investigate the mechanism of tolerance induction, in vitro-activated CD8(+) T cells from the Kb-restricted, OVA-specific T cell receptor transgenic line OT-I (OT-I cells) were cultured for 15 h with antigen-bearing B cells, and their survival was determined. Antigen recognition led to the killing of the B cells and, surprisingly, to the death of a large proportion of the OT-I CTLs. T cell death involved Fas (CD95), since OT-I cells deficient in CD95 molecules showed preferential survival after recognition of antigen on B cells. To investigate the tolerance mechanism in vivo, naive OT-I T cells were adoptively transferred into normal mice, and these mice were coinjected with antigen-bearing B cells. In this case, OT-I cells proliferated transiently and were then lost from the secondary lymphoid compartment. These data provide the first demonstration that B cells can directly tolerize CD8(+) T cells, and suggest that this occurs via CD95-mediated, activation-induced deletion.
Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review (2004)

Despite the positive findings, there is an urgent need for randomized, controlled, long-term studies on the efficacy of SCS involving larger patient sample sizes.
Copper Chelation Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis in the Experimental 9L Gliosarcoma Model (1995)

To investigate the effects of copper (Cu)-depletion diet and D-penicillamine treatment (CDPT) on both tumor growth and angiogenesis, we studied Fischer-344 rats in which 9L gliosarcoma cells had been subcutaneously implanted. We focused primarily on the alteration of Cu contents and the vascular density. Compared with the normal diet group, the CDPT group showed a significant reduction of tumor weight and a decrease in Cu concentration. Furthermore, the CDPT group demonstrated smaller blood vessels with significantly lower vascular density. This decrease of tumor growth was achieved by angiosuppression. Our study indicated that CDPT selectively caused Cu chelation from the tumor tissue; the normal brain tissue did not show lower Cu concentration after the treatment. The prevention of tumor angiogenesis by this method may be very useful in cancer therapy and may help elucidate the microenvironmental mechanisms for cancer cells.
Antiparkinsonian effects of the novel D3/D2 dopamine receptor agonist, S32504, in MPTP‐lesioned marmosets: Mediation by D2, not D3, dopamine receptors (2006)

L-dopa remains the most common treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, there is considerable interest in D3/D2 receptor agonists such as the novel agent S32504, since they exert antiparkinsonian properties in the absence of dyskinesia. An important question concerns the roles of D2 vs. D3 receptors, an issue we addressed with the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease. In L-dopa-primed animals, S32504 (0.16-2.5 mg/kg p.o.) dose-dependently enhanced locomotor activity. This action was abolished by the D2 antagonist, L741,626 (2.5 mg/kg), but potentiated by the D3 antagonist, S33084 (0.63 mg/kg). Both antagonists were inactive alone. In drug-naive animals, a maximally effective dose of S32504 (2.5 mg/kg p.o.) displayed pronounced antiparkinsonian properties from the third day of administration, and its actions were expressed rapidly and durably. Thus, on day 33, antiparkinsonian properties of S32504 were apparent within 5 minutes and present for > 4 hours. Moreover, they were associated with neither wearing off nor significant dyskinesia. In conclusion, the novel D3/D2 agonist S32504 may offer advantages over L-dopa in the treatment of newly diagnosed parkinsonian patients. Its actions are expressed primarily by activation of D2, not D3, receptors.
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE CARTRIDGES, REFILL SOLUTIONS, AND SMOKE FOR NICOTINE AND NICOTINE RELATED IMPURITIES (2011)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine nicotine and the nicotine related impurities, that is, cotinine, myosmine, anatabine, anabasine, and β-nicotyrine, in electronic cigarette cartridges, the liquid used to fill the cartridges, and from smoke generated using the electronic cigarette devices. An HPLC method was validated for the determination. Samples of nicotine containing products were purchased via the internet from NJOY, Smoking Everywhere, CIXI, and Johnson Creek. Electronic cigarette devices were purchased from NJOY, Smoking Everywhere, and CIXI. The results from the testing found that (1) the nicotine content labeling was not accurate with some manufacturers, (2) nicotine is present in the "smoke" from electronic cigarettes, and (3) nicotine related impurities contents in cartridges and refills were found to vary by electronic cigarette manufacturer. Keywords: anatabinecigarettecotininee-cigarettenicotinesmokeless Notes ND = not detected. Results in µg/thirty 100 mL puffs which is equal to a total volume of 3,000 mL of smoke. Under these conditions, eight puffs were possible per traditional cigarette. *Only one out of 7 cartridges tested from this lot contained nicotine at level close to label claim. Result is for cartridge close to label value. The findings and conclusions in this article have not been formally disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy. This article is not subject to US copyright laws.
Colour vision in billfish (2000)

Members of the billfish family are highly visual predatory teleosts inhabiting the open ocean. Little is known about their visual abilities in detail, but past studies have indicated that these fishes were likely to be monochromats. This study, however, presents evidence of two anatomically distinct cone types in billfish. The cells are arranged in a regular mosaic pattern of single and twin cones as in many fishes, and this arrangement suggests that the different cone types also show different spectral sensitivity, which is the basis for colour vision. First measurements using microspectrophotometry (MSP) revealed a peak absorption of the rod pigment at 484 nm, indicating that MSP, despite technical difficulties, will be a decisive tool in proving colour vision in these offshore fishes. When hunting, billfish such as the sailfish flash bright blue bars on their sides. This colour reflects largely in ultraviolet (UV) light at 350 nm as revealed by spectrophotometric measurements. Billfish lenses block light of wavelengths below 400 nm, presumably rendering the animal blind to the UV component of its own body colour. Interestingly, at least two prey species of billfish have lenses transmitting light in the UV waveband and are therefore likely to perceive a large fraction of the UV peak found in the blue bar of the sailfish. The possible biological significance of this finding is discussed.
The dissociation of GM‐CSF efficacy from toxicity according to route of administration: a pharmacodynamic study (1992)

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bacterially synthesized granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were studied in 33 patients. GM-CSF (0.3-30 micrograms/kg/d) was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) by bolus or 2 h infusion for 10 d to three patients at each dose level, and serum levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Relationships between pharmacokinetic variables and GM-CSF efficacy and toxicity were investigated. GM-CSF appeared more effective s.c. than i.v. Correlations with response improved when patients with neutropenia or marrow infiltration by tumour were excluded. For the remaining patients, the correlation coefficients between the day 10 leucocyte count was highest with dose (R = 0.629, P less than 0.01), the duration GM-CSF concentrations exceeded 1 ng/ml (r = 0.524, P less than 0.05) and area under the concentration-time curve (R = 0.508, P less than 0.05). There was no correlation with peak serum GM-CSF (Cmax) (R = 0.188, P = NS). In contrast, the first dose reaction (characterized by hypoxaemia and hypotension) was associated with high Cmax (P less than 0.01) and i.v. administration. Fever, liver enzyme elevation and pericarditis occurred at 10-30 micrograms/kg and were not influenced by route. Since the variables correlating with response differed from those correlating with these toxicities, it appears that the therapeutic index for GM-CSF can be increased by modifying the method of administration.
Harrison's Manual of Medicine (2001)

Harrison's manual of medicine , Harrison's manual of medicine , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Intranasal immunization of mice with a formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine co-formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and polyphosphazenes results in enhanced protection (2007)

As respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) targets the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract, induction of both systemic and mucosal immunity will be critical for optimal protection. In this study, the ability of an intranasally delivered, formalin-inactivated bovine RSV (FI-BRSV) vaccine co-formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and polyphosphazenes (PP) to induce systemic and mucosal immunity, as well as protection from BRSV challenge, was evaluated. Intranasal immunization of mice with FI-BRSV formulated with CpG ODN and PP resulted in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, characterized by enhanced production of BRSV-specific serum IgG, as well as increased gamma interferon and decreased interleukin-5 production by in vitro-restimulated splenocytes. These mice also developed mucosal immune responses, as was evident from increased production of BRSV-specific IgG and IgA in lung-fragment cultures. Indeed, the increases in serum and mucosal IgG, and in particular mucosal IgA and virus-neutralizing antibodies, were the most critical differences observed between FI-BRSV formulated with both CpG ODN and PP in comparison to formulations with CpG ODN, non-CpG ODN or PP individually. Finally, FI-BRSV/CpG/PP was the only formulation that resulted in a significant reduction in viral replication upon BRSV challenge. Co-formulation of CpG ODN and PP is a promising new vaccine platform technology that may have applications in mucosal immunization in humans.
Inhibition of dietary fat-promoted colon carcinogenesis in rats by supplemental calcium or vitamin D3 (1988)

A 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experimental design was used to investigate the effects of supplemental calcium (Ca) (0.5% versus 1.0% of diet as Ca gluconate) and vitamin D3 (D) (1000 IU/kg diet versus 2000 IU/kg diet) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats promoted with a 20% corn oil diet. Animals on the high-fat (HF) diet had an increased tumor incidence compared to the low-fat (LF) control diet (86% versus 53%, P less than 0.05) and supplemental Ca or D reduced this to or below the LF incidence (HF + Ca: 53%, HF + D: 47%). However, supplemental Ca or D had no inhibitory effect with LF diets (LF + Ca: 67%, LF + D: 60%). The results of this study indicate a possible role for supplemental Ca or D in the prevention of colon cancer, effective only in HF diets.
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: One Size Does Not Fit All—The Case for Personalized Therapy (2010)

communication of prognosis in the metastatic setting. J Clin Oncol 22:17211730, 2004 7. Butow PN, Dowsett S, Hagerty R, et al: Communicating prognosis to patients with metastatic disease: What do they really want to know? Support Care Cancer 10:161-168, 2002 8. Helft PR, Petronio S: Communication pitfalls with cancer patients: “Hitand-run” deliveries of bad news. J Am Coll Surg 205:807-811, 2007 9. Wright AA, Zhang B, Ray A, et al: Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment. JAMA 300:1665-1673, 2008 10. Bradley JG, Zia MJ, Hamilton N: Patient preferences for control in medical decision making: A scenario-based approach. Fam Med 28:496-501, 1996 11. Mack JW, Wolfe J, Cook EF, et al: Hope and prognostic disclosure. J Clin Oncol 25:5636-5642, 2007 12. Clayton JM, Hancock KM, Butow PN, et al: Clinical practice guidelines for communicating prognosis and end-of-life issues with adults in the advanced stages of a life-limiting illness, and their caregivers. Med J Aust 186 (12 Suppl):S 77, S79, S83-S108, 2007 13. Kiely BE, Soon YY, Tattersall MHN, et al: How long have I got? Estimating typical, best-case, and worst-case scenarios for patients starting first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer—A systematic review of recent randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 29:456-463, 2011
Radiochemical Characterization of 67,68 Ga Labeled DOTA Derivatives (2003)

ABSTRACT

C-aryl derivatives of DOTA (N,N’,N”,N”’-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) including phenyl-DOTA and 3-NO2- Ph-DOTA were synthesized by a template reductive reaction. 67GaCl3 or 68GaCl3 was taken and transformed into 67,68Ga-acetylacetone ( 67,68Ga(acac)3) before labeling to the DOTA derivatives. The 67Ga or 68Ga labeled complexes were generated by ligand-ligand exchange of acetylacetonate with the DOTA derivatives. The labeling efficiency of PhDOTA with 67,68Ga could be higher than 95% under the reaction being facilitated via sonication, at ambient temperature for 20 min. By a similar reaction, the labeling efficiency of 3-NO2-Ph-DOTA with 67,68Ga was found to be lower (~ 40%). The stability of 67Ga-Ph-DOTA was high, maintaining at ≥ 98% yield even at 24 h post-preparation. The 68Ga labeled Ph-DOTA complex was radiochemically characterized to be anionic and hydrophilic. It is anticipated from the result that 68Ga in the form of Ga(III) may be six coordinated with Ph-DOTA by 4N from the ring and 2O from two of four pendent acetic groups, leaving other two acetic groups uncoordinated.
ESTABLISHMENT OF ORI CHARACTERISTICS AS A FUNCTION OF SELECTED FUELS AND ENGINE FAMILIES (1975)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Octane requirements of 55 cars, representing five Ford engine families, were determined every 2000 miles during a deposit accumulation schedule consisting of city, suburban and highway operations. Five cars from each engine family were operated on certification durability fuel to establish the ORI variation within and between families. Additional cars and fuels were used to investigate the effects of lead content, a detergent additive, and higher boiling fuel components on ORI.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The data obtained show that among engine families there were characteristic differences in ORI and that the initial ORI build up occurred more rapidly when the investigated detergent additive was used. The fuel with reduced tail-end volatility was found to increase ORI. ORI with leaded versus unleaded fuels was found to be greater with unleaded fuels but with wide variation between the engine families studied.&lt;/div&gt;
Strained Si n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor transistor on relaxed Si1−xGex formed by ion implantation of Ge (1999)

Ge implantation followed by high-temperature solid phase epitaxy was used to form a relaxed substrate, eliminating need for the growth of relaxed Si1−xGex layers. Upon this film, a 2000 Å buffer layer of Si0.85Ge0.15 followed by a 200 Å strained Si layer was grown by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition. For comparison, unstrained Si epitaxial films and a 2000 Å thick film of Si0.85Ge0.15 (on unimplanted Si) followed by 200 Å of Si were used. n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors were fabricated and their dc characteristics were examined. Strained Si devices show a 17.5% higher peak linear μFE than control devices as a result of higher electron mobility in the strained Si channel. This work demonstrates a simple method for the formation of strained Si layers.
Multiepitope peptide-loaded virus-like particles as a vaccine against hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma # (2009)

The significant antitumor effects both in vivo and in vitro demonstrate the potential of multiepitope peptide-loaded VLPs as a vaccine against HCC.