gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tendon Transfer Combined with Calcaneal Osteotomy for Treatment of Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency: A Radiological Investigation (1995)

We present the radiographic results after flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer combined with a medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for the treatment of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency. Eighteen patients with posterior tibial tendon insufficiency were reviewed from 12 to 26 months after surgery. The 15 women and 3 men had a mean age of 54 years (range, 38-72 years). The talar-first metatarsal and talonavicular coverage angles were measured before and after surgery on the anteroposterior weightbearing radiographs. The mean preoperative talar-first metatarsal and talonavicular coverage angles were 21 degrees (range, 3-45 degrees) and 34 degrees (range, 0-55 degrees), respectively. The mean postoperative values for these angles were 8.5 degrees (range, 0-35 degrees) and 21 degrees (range, -30-45 degrees), respectively. The mean talar-first metatarsal angle decreased from 21 degrees to 8.5 degrees, a mean improvement of 12.5 degrees, and the mean talonavicular coverage angle decreased from 34 degrees to 21 degrees, a mean improvement of 13 degrees. On the lateral weightbearing radiographs, the talar-first metatarsal angle and the distance from the medial cuneiform to the floor were measured before and after surgery. The mean preoperative values were -22 degrees (range, -10 to -40 degrees) and 9 mm (range, 1-19 mm), respectively. The mean postoperative values were -9 degrees (range, +5 to -25 degrees) and 16 mm (range, 10-28 mm), respectively. The mean talar-first metatarsal angle decreased from -22 to -9 degrees (a mean improvement of 13 degrees), and the distance from the medial cuneiform to the floor increased from 9 to 16 mm (a mean improvement of 7 mm). We conclude that the use of a combined medial displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus with a tendon transfer for treatment of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency may offset the inherent weakness of the flexor digitorum longus transfer by reducing the antagonistic deforming force of heel valgus.
Virtualized FPGA Accelerators for Efficient Cloud Computing (2015)

Hardware accelerators implement custom architectures to significantly speed up computations in a wide range of domains. As performance scaling in server-class CPUs slows, we propose the integration of hardware accelerators in the cloud as a way to maintain a positive performance trend. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) represent the ideal way to integrate accelerators in the cloud, since they can be reprogrammed as needs change and allow multiple accelerators to share optimised communication infrastructure. We discuss a framework that integrates reconfigurable accelerators in a standard server with virtualised resource management and communication. We then present a case study that quantifies the efficiency benefits and break-even point for integrating FPGAs in the cloud.
The anandamide transport inhibitor AM404 reduces the rewarding effects of nicotine and nicotine‐induced dopamine elevations in the nucleus accumbens shell in rats (2011)

This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
Predictable and tunable half-life extension of therapeutic agents by controlled chemical release from macromolecular conjugates (2012)

Conjugation to macromolecular carriers is a proven strategy for improving the pharmacokinetics of drugs, with many stable polyethylene glycol conjugates having reached the market. Stable conjugates suffer several limitations: loss of drug potency due to conjugation, confining the drug to the extracellular space, and the requirement for a circulating conjugate. Current research is directed toward overcoming such limitations through releasable conjugates in which the drug is covalently linked to the carrier through a cleavable linker. Satisfactory linkers that provide predictable cleavage rates tunable over a wide time range that are useful for both circulating and noncirculating conjugates are not yet available. We describe such conjugation linkers on the basis of a nonenzymatic β-elimination reaction with preprogrammed, highly tunable cleavage rates. A set of modular linkers is described that bears a succinimidyl carbonate group for attachment to an amine-containing drug or prodrug, an azido group for conjugation to the carrier, and a tunable modulator that controls the rate of β-eliminative cleavage. The linkers provide predictable, tunable release rates of ligands from macromolecular conjugates both in vitro and in vivo, with half-lives spanning from a range of hours to >1 y at physiological pH. A circulating PEG conjugate achieved a 56-fold half-life extension of the 39-aa peptide exenatide in rats, and a noncirculating s.c. hydrogel conjugate achieved a 150-fold extension. Using slow-cleaving linkers, the latter may provide a generic format for once-a-month dosage forms of potent drugs. The releasable linkers provide additional benefits that include lowering C(max) and pharmacokinetic coordination of drug combinations.
Binding Energies of Terminal and Bridging Carbonyls in Pt3(CO)6- (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding Energies of Terminal and Bridging Carbonyls in Pt3(CO)6-Alexander Grushow and Kent M. ErvinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 46, 11612–11613Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00151a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00151a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sonochemistry (1990)

Ultrasound causes high-energy chemistry. It does so through the process of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid. During cavitational collapse, intense heating of the bubbles occurs. These localized hot spots have temperatures of roughly 5000 degrees C, pressures of about 500 atmospheres, and lifetimes of a few microseconds. Shock waves from cavitation in liquid-solid slurries produce high-velocity interparticle collisions, the impact of which is sufficient to melt most metals. Applications to chemical reactions exist in both homogeneous liquids and in liquid-solid systems. Of special synthetic use is the ability of ultrasound to create clean, highly reactive surfaces on metals. Ultrasound has also found important uses for initiation or enhancement of catalytic reactions, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cases.
Immature dendritic cells generated with low doses of GM-CSF in the absence of IL-4 are maturation resistant and prolong allograft survivalin vivo (2000)

Dendritic cells (DC) were cultured from mouse bone marrow (BM) progenitors in low concentrations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (GM(lo) DC) by two different protocols. The phenotype and functional properties of these GM(lo) DC were compared to those of standard BM-DC cultures generated in high concentrations of GM-CSF (GM(hi) DC) or in low GM-CSF plus IL-4 (GM(lo)/IL-4 DC). An effect of IL-4 on maturation was observed only at low but not high doses of GM-CSF. Compared to mature DC, GM(lo) DC were phenotypically immature, weak stimulators of allogeneic and peptide-specific T cell responses, but substantially more potent in presentation of native protein. Immature GM(lo) DC were resistant to maturation by lipopolysaccharide, TNF-alpha or anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies, as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules was not increased, and stimulatory activity in oxidative mitogenesis was not enhanced. These maturation-resistant immature GM(lo) DC induced T cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. GM(lo) DC also prolonged haplotype-specific cardiac allograft survival (from 8 days to >100 days median survival time) when they were administered 7 days (but not 3, 14 or 28 days) before transplantation. Our findings may have important implications for future studies in T cell tolerance induction in vivo.
Selective electroless copper for VLSI interconnection (1989)

Cu is studied as a candidate for low-resistance VLSI interconnection. Simulation studies show that for effective channel length less than 0.5 mu m, the RC time constant of interconnection is a major part of the total delay. By reducing the resistivity of the interconnect, the operating speed can be increased by more than 20% without any change in design rule. A selective electroless deposition process was used to solve the Cu patterning difficulty. Patterns of 2.2- mu m pitch have been achieved with this process. The copper contamination issue is also studied; dielectric films such as silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride are shown to be effective in stopping Cu diffusion. By coating a thin Ni film on Cu, Cu corrosion can be reduced from 0.2 mu /h to less than 0.05 mu m/h at 100 degrees C in 4% KCL solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computed Tomography Angiography for the Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque (2002)

Analysis of plaque attenuation with single-slice spiral CT does not give useful information concerning plaque composition. The predictive value of CT for the detection of plaque ulceration was moderate. Single-slice CT angiography is insufficiently robust to be a useful tool for the characterization of carotid plaque composition and morphology.
Quantitative analysis of cell-free DNA in ovarian cancer (2015)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) levels and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ovarian cancer using a branched DNA (bDNA) technique, and to determine the value of quantitative cf-DNA detection in assisting with the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Serum specimens were collected from 36 patients with ovarian cancer on days 1, 3 and 7 following surgery, and additional serum samples were also collected from 22 benign ovarian tumor cases, and 19 healthy, non-cancerous ovaries. bDNA techniques were used to detect serum cf-DNA concentrations. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The cf-DNA levels were significantly increased in the ovarian cancer group compared with those of the benign ovarian tumor group and healthy ovarian group (P<0.01). Furthermore, cf-DNA levels were significantly increased in stage III and IV ovarian cancer compared with those of stages I and II (P<0.01). In addition, cf-DNA levels were significantly increased on the first day post-surgery (P<0.01), and subsequently demonstrated a gradual decrease. In the ovarian cancer group, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of cf-DNA and the sensitivity were 0.917 and 88.9%, respectively, which was higher than those of cancer antigen 125 (0.724, 75%) and human epididymis protein 4 (0.743, 80.6%). There was a correlation between the levels of serum cf-DNA and the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer in the patients evaluated. bDNA techniques possessed higher sensitivity and specificity than other methods for the detection of serum cf-DNA in patients exhibiting ovarian cancer, and bDNA techniques are more useful for detecting cf-DNA than other factors. Thus, the present study demonstrated the potential value for the use of bDNA as an adjuvant diagnostic method for ovarian cancer.
Trehalose and sucrose protect both membranes and proteins in intact bacteria during drying (1995)

The microorganisms Escherichia coli DH5 alpha and Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 show an increased tolerance to freeze-drying when dried in the presence of the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose. When the bacteria were dried with 100 mM trehalose, 70% of the E. coli and 57% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived, compared with 56 and 44%, respectively, when they were dried with sucrose. Only 8% of the E. coli and 14% of the B. thuringiensis organisms survived drying without the sugars. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the role of membrane phase transitions in the survival of the organisms during drying and rehydration. Both E. coli and B. thuringiensis showed an increase of 30 to 40 degrees C in the temperature of their phospholipid phase transition when dried without the sugars, while phase transition temperatures of those dried with the sugars remained near those of the hydrated cells. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microscope made it possible to investigate the effects of drying on the protein structure in the intact cells. The amide II peak shifts from 1,543 cm-1 in the hydrated cells to about 1,533 cm-1 in the cells dried without sugar. There is no shift in the amide II peak when the cells are dried with trehalose or sucrose. We attribute the increased survival to the sugars' ability to lower the membrane phase transition temperature and to protect protein structure in the dry state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complexity of T cell receptor recognition sites for defined alloantigens. (1987)

Three monoclonal antibodies react with the T cell receptor on the tumor line HPB-ALL and in addition with 3 to 13% of human peripheral blood T cells of normal donors. These antibodies are shown to react with an epitope encoded by the V beta 5 family of T cell receptor beta-chain variable region gene segments. Cells expressing V beta 5 gene segments can have cytotoxic or helper function, be of the T4+ or T8+ phenotype, and have specificity for either class I or class II major histocompatibility complex alloantigens. Seven T cell clones were generated, which express V beta 5 and are specific for the HLA-A2 molecule. With the use of these clones, we illustrate how isoelectric focusing can be used to analyze T cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain structure. The seven clones recognize five distinct conformational determinants on HLA-A2. They procure different binding sites by the use of different alpha-chains, J beta sequences, or both.
Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region (1994)

We characterized the breakpoints, gains, and losses of chromosome material in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region from 29 patients. Cell lines were karyotyped in 1/3 of cases, direct preparations or early in vitro harvests in 1/3, and both in 1/3 of cases. GTG-banding was employed in all cases, as were C-banding and RBG- and AgNOR-staining in most. Some tumors were near-diploid and others near-tetraploid, but many had mixed populations, with diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid subclones representing essentially the same karyotypic pattern. The most frequent changes were deletions. Losses affecting 3p13-p24, 5q12-q23, 8p22-p23, 9p21-p24, and 18q22-q23 ranged in frequency from 40% to 60% of tumors. Loss of the short arm of the inactive X occurred in 70% of tumors from female patients, and loss or rearrangement of the Y occurred in 74% of tumors from male patients. Loss of 18q appeared to be associated with short survival, as did the presence of multiple deletions. There was gain (2-5 extra copies) of 3q21-qter, 5p, 7p, 8q, and 11q13-q23 in 28-38% of tumors. Three tumors had an hsr involving 11q13-q21. Gain of material at 11q13 is postulated to be associated with amplification of the PRADI/CCND gene at that locus. A translocation between proximal 1p and either an acrocentric short arm or proximal 8p or 9p was observed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region but not in female genital tract tumors. No other abnormalities appeared to be site specific, suggesting a pattern of genetic evolution in squamous cell carcinoma that is independent of anatomic site.
Swimming Performance and Growth Rates of Juvenile Atlantic Cod Intraperitoneally Implanted with Dummy Acoustic Transmitters (1999)

Short-term and long-term effects of intraperitoneal implantation of dummy acoustic transmitters (1.9–4.6% of the fishes' body weight) in wild juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua were investigated. Short-term effects were examined by comparing critical swimming speeds 24 h after surgery for implanted, sham-implanted, and control groups using a Blazka-style swim tube. Additionally, comparative growth rates, mortality, and tag expulsion by cod in the same three groups were determined during a 220-d period. Critical swimming speed performance between treatments was found to be nonsignificant between groups, suggesting that tagged juvenile cod are capable of similar physical performance to that of untagged cod when released 24 h after surgery. During the long-term study, no significant difference in growth between groups, no increase in mortality associated with the tagging procedure, and no incidents of transmitter expulsion occurred. This study suggests that intraperitoneal implantation of acoustic transmitters can be a valid tagging technique to examine the behavior of juvenile Atlantic cod in both short-term and long-term studies.
Using High-Efficiency Mouse Germline Mutagenesis to Investigate Complex Biological Phenomena: Genetic Diseases, Behavior, and Development (1995)

A valuable approach to investigating a biological process is to study the effect of mutations in the involved genes. By studying a diverse set of such mutations, one can gain important insights into the roles that the given gene product plays in the biological process. Although this approach has long been recognized, the scarcity of mammalian mutations has largely limited such investigations to simple organisms. It has recently been shown that highly efficient mutagenesis of the mouse germline with a random point mutagen can produce mutations that are valuable in several important ways. First, it can produce numerous different types of mutations. Second, it can be used to mutate genes that have yet to be cloned or characterized. Genes that have been marked by mutation can ultimately yield molecular access after mapping to high resolution and cloning from map position. Such new investigative capabilities will ultimately allow one to gain intimate knowledge of the molecular basis of complex biological processes like behavior and development. Third, mutations can be induced that yield animal models of human heritable diseases. Such disease models allow for intensive research into the etiology of the given disease and also permit the facile evaluation of new therapeutic regimens.
ORGAN SPECIFIC FORMATION OF NITROSYL COMPLEXES UNDER INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN RATS INVOLVES NOS-INDEPENDENT MECHANISM(S) (2001)

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion may lead to local and distant organ damage involving nitric oxide (NO). NO rapidly reacts with heme/non-heme-iron-yielding nitrosyl complexes, which can be determined directly by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The aim of the present study was to characterize nitrosylation reactions induced by transient intestinal ischemia in blood and tissues. We used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses to estimate nitrosyl complex levels and inducible NO synthase mRNA expression in rats subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min followed by the reperfusion. Nitrosyl hemoglobin concentrations in circulating blood were significantly increased during ischemia and reperfusion. Nitrosyl hemoglobin complexes were detected in ischemic intestine, but not in normoxic lung and liver or reperfused intestine. Administration of N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine, a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, did not affect the formation of circulating nitrosyl complexes. Moreover, inducible NO synthase mRNA was not found in intestinal tissues at 30 min of reperfusion. Our data suggest an organ-specific NO formation indicated by the increased nitrosylation reaction in ischemic intestinal tissue, but not in the distant normoxic organs, in spite of high circulating nitrosyl hemoglobin levels. NO involved in nitrosylation under intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is probably formed by NO synthase-independent mechanism(s).
HIV Incidence: 'More Serious Than We Imagined' (1998)

Paris and Geneva—Last November, Peter Piot, executive director of UNAIDS, the United Nations' special program on the AIDS epidemic, delivered some bad news to a packed press conference in Paris: Revised estimates of the spread of HIV indicated that some 16,000 people worldwide were being infected with the AIDS virus each day, nearly twice as many as previously thought. “The AIDS epidemic is not over,” Piot said. “It is more serious than we ever imagined.”
Increased High‐frequency Oscillations Precede in vitro Low‐Mg2+ Seizures (2005)

Temporal patterns of HFOs during epileptiform activity are indicative of dynamic changes in network behavior, and their characterization may offer insights into pathophysiologic processes underlying seizure initiation.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of U-100592 and U-100766, Two Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents for the Potential Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections (1996)

Bacterial resistance development has become a very serious clinical problem for many classes of antibiotics. The 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinones are a relatively new class of synthetic antibacterial agents, having a new mechanism of action which involves very early inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. We have prepared two potent, synthetic oxazolidinones, U-100592 and U-100766, which are currently in clinical development for the treatment of serious multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections caused by strains of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. The in vitro and in vivo (po and iv) activities of U-100592 and U-100766 against representative strains are similar to those of vancomycin. U-100592 and U-100766 demonstrate potent in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A novel and practical asymmetric synthesis of (5S)-(acetamidomethyl)-2-oxazolidinones has been developed and is employed for the synthesis of U-100592 and U-100766. This involves the reaction of N-lithioarylcarbamates with (R)-glycidyl butyrate, resulting in excellent yields and high enantiomeric purity of the intermediate (R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxazolidinones.