gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural requirements of lipid A species in activation of clotting enzymes from the horseshoe crab, and the human complement cascade (1988)

The structure/activity relationship of lipid A, a bioactive center of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides, in the activation of the clotting enzyme cascade of a horseshoe crab amoebocyte lysate (Limulus activity) and the complement system in human serum, was examined using synthetic lipids A and related compounds. Regarding Limulus activity, a newly developed colorimetric method, which utilizes a mixture of recombined clotting factors and a chromogenic substance, was much more sensitive for detecting changes in the chemical structure of test compounds than the conventional gelation method using the amoebocyte whole lysate. (beta 1-6)-D-Glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphates, which had neither 3-hydroxyacyl nor 3-acyloxyacyl groups, and acylglucosamine phosphates, which in structure correspond or are analogous to the non-reducing or reducing moieties of lipids A and biosynthetic disaccharide lipid A precursors showed only negligible activity in the colorimetric tests, but they exhibited a distinct though much weaker gelation activity than the parent disaccharide molecules. The assay results obtained by the colorimetric Limulus test correlate better with the pyrogenicity of the test synthetic compounds than those given by the gelation method, although the dependence of pyrogenicity on chemical structure is greater. The presence of 3-hydroxyacyl groups on the bisphosphorylated (beta 1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide backbone is the prerequisite for effective activation of the clotting enzyme cascade of horseshoe crab amoebocyte lysate, while the presence of an adequate number (one or two) of 3-acyloxyacyl groups on the disaccharide bisphosphate backbone is needed for full pyrogenicity. Complement activation, on the other hand, showed structural requirements quite different from those for the colorimetric Limulus activity and the pyrogenicity. The disaccharide compounds that had only non-hydroxylated acyl groups, acylated glucosamine phosphates that had the structure of the non-reducing portion of lipids A and biosynthetic disaccharide precursors, which were scarcely active in the colorimetric Limulus test, caused complement activation comparable to or sometimes stronger than that of the parent disaccharide molecules. Acylglucosamine phosphates, corresponding in structure to the reducing moiety of disaccharide compounds, however, showed little activity.
Neuropilin-1 Binds to VEGF121 and Regulates Endothelial Cell Migration and Sprouting (2007)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) was first described as a receptor for the axon guidance molecule, Semaphorin3A, regulating the development of the nervous system. It was later shown that NRP1 is an isoform-specific receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), specifically VEGF(165). Much interest has been placed on the role of the various VEGF isoforms in vascular biology. Here we report that blocking NRP1 function, using a recently described antibody that inhibits VEGF(165) binding to NRP1, surprisingly reduces VEGF(121)-induced migration and sprout formation of endothelial cells. Intrigued by this observation, direct binding studies of NRP1 to various VEGF isoforms were performed. We show that VEGF(121) binds directly to NRP1; however, unlike VEGF(165), VEGF(121) is not sufficient to bridge the NRP1.VEGFR2 complex. Additionally, we show that VEGFR2 enhances VEGF(165), but not VEGF(121) binding to NRP1. We propose a new model for NRP1 interactions with various VEGF isoforms.
INHIBITION OF CD26/DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV ACTIVITY IN VIVO PROLONGS CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN RAT RECIPIENTS1,2 (1997)

The CD26 antigen, one of the major costimulatory molecules in T cell activation, was shown to possess dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity. Previously, we demonstrated that immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients exhibit lower DPP IV serum activity as compared with healthy individuals. In the present study, we analyzed the role of CD26/DPP IV in the immune cascade triggered by organ transplantation and leading to acute rejection of cardiac allografts in rat recipients. Transplantation of hearts from (Lewis x Brown Norway)F1 donors into Lewis hosts resulted in an early (24 hr) increase in cellular CD26 expression, followed by a rise in DPP IV serum activity, which peaked at day 6, i.e., before the time of actual graft loss. Specific targeting of DPP IV activity with a novel, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of the diphenyl-phosphonate group (prodipine) abrogated acute rejection and prolonged cardiac allograft survival to 14.0+/-0.9 days (P<0.0001). Prodipine treatment prevented the early peak of cellular CD26 expression and thoroughly suppressed systemic DPP IV activity. The inhibition of DPP IV was associated with severely impaired host cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vitro. These results demonstrate the role of CD26/DPP IV in alloantigen-mediated immune regulation in vivo and provide the first direct evidence that CD26/DPP IV plays an important role in the mechanism of allograft rejection. The model of targeting CD26/DPP IV may reveal essential interactions on the level of costimulatory alternate T cell activation pathways, allowing a more subtle approach for more selective immunosuppression in transplant recipients.
Ligation of CD28 receptor by B7 induces formation of D‐3 phosphoinositides in T lymphocytes independently of T cell receptor/CD3 activation (1993)

The co-stimulatory role of B7/CD28 interactions is important in promoting T cell activation. Very little is known about the intracellular events that follow CD28 engagement although recent evidence has implicated coupling of CD28 to a protein tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway. In this study we have investigated the putative role of D-3 phosphoinositides as mediators of CD28 receptor signaling, since phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, the enzyme responsible for D-3 phosphoinositide formation, is a known substrate for protein tyrosine kinases associated with certain T cell surface receptors such as CD4 and interleukin-2 receptor. The lipid products of PI 3-kinase activity have been suggested to play a role in mitogenic signaling and growth regulation in other cells. Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) previously transfected with B7 cDNA, induced time-dependent elevation above basal levels of phosphatidylinositol(3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, while parental CHO cells that did not express B7 had no effect on these lipids. Moreover, the elevation of these same lipids by CD3 ligation was potentiated in an additive manner by CHO-B7+ but not by CHO-B7- cells. CHO-B7+ and CHO-B7- cells did not activate phospholipase C as evidenced by their inability to modulate basal or CD3-induced changes in the levels of phosphatidic acid or D-4 and D-5 phosphoinositides. These data imply that PI 3-kinase but not phospholipase C, may be an important signal transduction molecule with respect to CD28-mediated co-stimulation and T cell activation following ligation by B7.
Blind Capture and Geolocation of General Spatially Self-Coherent Waveforms Using Multiplatform SCORE (2005)

'The self-coherence restoral (SCORE) technique is applied t,o blind correct>ion and time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estiiriation of spatially self-coherent signals using multiple widcly-separated sensor arrays. It is shown that the resultant algorithm can simultaneously estimate the TDOA of multiple temporally-uncorrelated signals impinging on multiple receiver platforms, and blindly separate those signals wit>h ncar-maximum SINR at each platform, by exploiting the difFering TDOAs of the signals received by each array. Tlit. accuracy of the TDOA estimator is shown to be depctitlriit on the maximum-attainable SINR of the signals receivcd by the arrays. The t,echnique operates for received signals witli arbitrary temporal statistics, and wit,hout using calibrat,ion data at the receiver platforms.
Apply personal mobility in PCS environment for universal personal communications (2002)

This paper describes the concept of mobility which encompasses the terminal mobility provided by mobile systems (cellular, PCS) and the personal mobility defined by Universal Personal Telecommunication (UPT) services, and their relationship with respect to definition and service applications; access procedures and smart card application; numbering and identity; mobility management and call handling; and internetworking between UPT and wireless systems. The technical challenges of supporting UPT in PCS environment are also discussed.
Comparison of standard carbidopa–levodopa and sustained‐release carbidopa–levodopa in parkinson's disease: Pharmacokinetic and quality‐of‐life measures (1997)

We compared clinical, pharmacokinetic, and quality-of-life measures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were on standard carbidopa-levodopa (Std-L) and after conversion to sustained-release carbidopa-levodopa 50/200 (L-CR). A total of 20 PD patients with motor fluctuations participated in the study and 18 completed it. There were 10 women and eight men, with a mean age of 67.5 years and a mean disease duration of 9.9 years. All patients underwent 10-h pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations while on Std-L and again while on L-CR. The patients maintained diaries for 2 days before the 10-h evaluations and completed a sickness impact profile (SIP) while on Std-L and again while on L-CR. The total daily levodopa intake was significantly greater with L-CR because of the reduced bioavailability of the L-CR. The mean daily levodopa dosage was 569 mg for Std-L compared with 751 mg for L-CR. The patients performed better in walking time, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (motor score), and tapping total with L-CR, although the improvement was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in dyskinesias between the two preparations. The plasma levodopa levels and the areas under the curve were significantly greater with L-CR. "On" time as measured by patient diaries was significantly greater for L-CR. There was no significant difference in the total SIP scores for patients on the two preparations, but patients had significantly better home management and mobility while on L-CR. In conclusion, L-CR resulted in more "on" time with greater plasma levodopa levels, which resulted in better home management and mobility.
Soft, Highly Conductive Nanotube Sponges and Composites with Controlled Compressibility (2010)

Porous carbon nanotube networks represent a type of material that can achieve both structural robustness and high flexibility. We demonstrate here controlled synthesis of soft to hard sponges with densities ranging from 5 to 25 mg/cm(3), while retaining a porosity of >99%. The stable sponge-like structure allows excellent compressibility tunable up to 90% volume shrinkage, and the ability to recover most of volume by free expansion. Electrical resistivity of the sponges changes linearly and reversibly after 300 cycles of large-strain compression. Nanotubes forming the three-dimensional scaffold maintain good contact and percolation during large-strain deformation, polymer infiltration, and cross-linking process, suggesting potential applications as strain sensors and conductive nanocomposites.
Characteristics of PRD1, a Plasmid-Dependent Broad Host Range DNA Bacteriophage (1974)

Several distinctive properties of PRD1, an icosahedral plasmid-dependent phage, are described. The drug-resistance plasmid-dependent host range of PRD1 extends beyond the P incompatibility group and includes gram-negative bacteria containing plasmids of incompatibility groups N and W. PRD1 phage will infect pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae containing either a P or W incompatibility group plasmid. PRD1 adsorbs to the cell wall of R(+) bacteria and thus its infectivity indicates cell wall alterations by these drug-resistance plasmid groups. PRD1 nucleic acid is duplex DNA with an estimated molecular weight of 24 x 10(6). The appearance of PRD1 in electron micrographs is suggestive of lipid content in addition to its buoyant density of 1.348 in CsCl and its sensitivity to chloroform. The latent period of PRD1 varies with the R(+) host bacterial strain used for growth of the phage.
T Cell Receptor-MHC Class I Peptide Interactions: Affinity, Kinetics, and Specificity (1995)

The critical discriminatory event in the activation of T lymphocytes bearing alpha beta T cell receptors (TCRs) is their interaction with a molecular complex consisting of a peptide bound to a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class I or class II molecule on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. The kinetics of binding were measured of a purified TCR to molecular complexes of a purified soluble analog of the murine MHC class I molecule H-2Ld (sH-2Ld) and a synthetic octamer peptide p2CL in a direct, real-time assay based on surface plasmon resonance. The kinetic dissociation rate of the MHC-peptide complex from the TCR was rapid (2.6 x 10(-2) second-1, corresponding to a half-time for dissociation of approximately 27 seconds), and the kinetic association rate was 2.1 x 10(5) M-1 second-1. The equilibrium constant for dissociation was approximately 10(-7) M. These values indicate that TCRs must interact with a multivalent array of MHC-peptide complexes to trigger T cell signaling.
Chiral Templating of SilicaâLipid Lamellar Mesophase with Helical Tubular Architecture We thank the University of Bristol and EPSRC for financial support, and Dr. S. A. Davis and Dr. C. GÃ¶ltner for helpful discussions. (2002)

A lamellar hybrid mesostructure containing polymerizable diacetylinic groups is coassembled in the in situ synthesis of silica by acid hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiyonyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DC8,9PC) lipid molecules. This mesostructure is subsequently twisted into high aspect-ratio tubules and ribbons with helical architecture (see picture). Interactions between the silica and lipid headgroups promote diacetylenic polymerization under conditions at which the unmineralized lipid microstructures show little or no activity.
Structure and expression of murine CD30 and its role in cytokine production (1996)

Murine CD30 cDNA predicts a protein of 498 amino acids with homology to the TNF receptor family of proteins characterized by repeated cysteine-rich motifs in the extracellular domain. Murine CD30, although homologous to human CD30, has a 90 amino acid gap in an extracellular region that appears to be duplicated in human CD30. Murine CD30 cDNA was shown to be functional through the production of a soluble murine Ig fusion protein (CD30-Ig) that was active in binding to cells that expressed CD30 ligand. CD30-Ig also served as an immunogen for the production of hamster anti-mouse CD30 mAbs, which recognized both CD30 expressed by murine lymphocytes and CD30 expressed by cells transfected with murine CD30 cDNA. CD30 mRNA is highly expressed in the thymus and in activated spleen cells, but not in other tissues tested. In anti-CD3-activated spleen cells, CD30 ligand is expressed primarily by CD4+ T cells, with peak expression at days 1 and 2, whereas CD30 is expressed primarily by CD8+ T cells, with peak expression on days 4 and 5. Stimulation of CD30 by plate-bound anti-CD30 directly signaled for IL-5 but not IFN-gamma production by CD30+ CTL lines. These studies demonstrate that CD30 directs cytokine secretion and suggest that CD30 signaling may be pivotal in the pattern of cytokine production by T cells.
Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: performance criteria in the presence of channel estimation errors, mobility, and multiple paths (1999)

Space-time coding is a bandwidth and power efficient method of communication over fading channels that realizes the benefits of multiple transmit antennas. Specific codes have been constructed using design criteria derived for quasi-static flat Rayleigh or Rician fading, where channel state information is available at the receiver. It is evident that the practicality of space-time codes will be greatly enhanced if the derived design criteria remain valid in the absence of perfect channel state information. It is even more desirable that the design criteria not be unduly sensitive to frequency selectivity and to the Doppler spread. This paper presents a theoretical study of these issues beginning with the effect of channel estimation error. Here it is assumed that a channel estimator extracts fade coefficients at the receiver and for constellations with constant energy, it is proved that in the absence of ideal channel state information the design criteria for space-time codes is still valid. The analysis also demonstrates that standard channel estimation techniques can be used in conjunction with space-time codes provided that the number of transmit antennas is small. We also derive the maximum-likelihood detection metric in the presence of channel estimation errors. Next, the effect of multiple paths on the performance of space-time codes is studied for a slowly changing Rayleigh channel. It is proved that the presence of multiple paths does not decrease the diversity order guaranteed by the design criteria used to construct the space-time codes. Similar results hold for rapid fading channels with or without multiple paths. The conclusion is that the diversity order promised by space-time coding is achieved under a variety of mobility conditions and environmental effects.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of taxol. (1987)

Taxol, selected for clinical trial because of its animal antitumor activity and unique structure and mechanism of action, was administered in Cremophor by i.v. infusion over 6 h in a phase I study. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group toxicity grading was used. Eighty-three taxol courses were administered to 34 patients. Grade 3-4 hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 4 of 13 courses at the first 2 dose levels, but premedication with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine resulted in only 3 additional Grade 2 reactions in the next 70 courses. Neurotoxicity, which resolved or improved after stopping therapy, was Grade 1 with 2 of 10 courses of 230 mg/m2 and Grades 1-3 after 11 of 12 courses of 275 mg/m2. Leukopenia, first seen (Grade 1) after 1 of 8 75 mg/m2 courses, was Grades 3-4 after 10 of 34 courses of 175-230 mg/m2 and 10 of 12 courses of 275 mg/m2. The WBC nadir occurred at a median of 10 days and the median time required for normalization of the WBC was 18 days. Alopecia began 2-3 weeks posttaxol in 2 of 9 patients treated with 75-135 mg/m2 and in all 16 patients (Grade 3) treated with 175-275 mg/m2. Grades 1-2 nausea and vomiting occurred in about one-third of the patients treated at a dose of 105 mg/m2 or more. Taxol disappearance from plasma was biphasic; half-lives of the first and second phases after a 275 mg/m2 dose were 0.32 and 8.6 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 55 liters/m2, and the peak plasma concentration with a dose of 275 mg/m2, which occurred immediately postinfusion, was approximately 8 microM. Only 5% of parent drug was excreted in the urine within 24 h. Minor objective responses were noted in one patient with gastric cancer and another with ovarian carcinoma. In addition, one patient with massive ascites due to metastatic adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary had only minimal sonographic evidence of ascites for 6 months posttreatment. Neurotoxicity and leukopenia were dose limiting in this schedule. The recommended phase II trial dose is 250 mg/m2, with premedication.
A simple quasi-static determination of basic parameters of multilayer microstrip and coplanar waveguide (1992)

Two generalized multilayer transmission lines are investigated: microstrip lines (MSL) and asymmetrical coplanar waveguide (CPW). The conformal mapping method is used to obtain simple analytical expressions for quasi-TEM effective permittivity of these structures. Accuracy of derived generalized formulas is verified for any special case of multilayer structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Arginine-Vasopressin in severe septic vs. non-septic shock in extremely low birth weight infants with acute renal failure (2006)

Background: Recent clinical investigations have demonstrated that arginine-vasopressin (AVP) may be a valuable alternative or adjunct to common pressor agents in various forms of shock (1, 2). Although, typically septic shock is characterized by AVP deficiency and pressor hypersensitivity to the exogenous hormone, AVP has also been successfully employed in other shock forms that are usually not characterised by AVP deficiency. Aim: To assess the efficacy of AVP as a pressor adjunct to norepinephrine and epinephrine in severe septic vs. non-septic shock in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) with acute renal failure (urine output: <0.5ml/kg/h). Patients and Methods: Assessment of AVP therapy as a rescue therapy in three ELBW infants (mean birth weight: 600±30 grams) with severe septic shock and acute renal failure and three ELBW infants (mean birth weight: 770±110grams) with severe non-septic shock and acute renal failure. Main outcome measure was restoration of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with reversal of acute renal failure, and survival at discharge. Results: In the group with severe septic shock two hours after starting AVP (dosage:0.04–0.4 U/kg/h) a rise in MAP from 31.7±9.5 to 39.7±19.1mmHg was seen; urine output increased to 9.7±11.5ml/h, and a slight decrease in serum lactate from 9.6±6.7 mmol/l to 8.9±6.2 was noticed. In the group with severe non-septic shock, MAP increased from 25±5 to 38.7±8.3mmHg within 2h of AVP medication (dosage: 0.04–0.4U/kg/h); urine output increased to 5.4±3.2ml/h. Serum lactate moderately increased from 14.3±5.1 to 15.2±6.2 mmol/l. In the non-septic group cardiac and renal changes were only transient and did not impact on the poor prognosis. Mortality rate was 1/3 in the sepsis group vs. 3/3 in the non-septic group. Conclusion: This is the first report on AVP in severe hypotensive shock in ELBW infants. AVP appears to be effective in restoring MAP and subsequent reversal of acute renal failure. Maintenance of adequate and sustained tissue perfusion appears to be dependent on the underlying cause of hypotension. Although AVP seems to be an effective rescue therapy in severe septic shock in ELBW infants further evaluation in controlled clinical trials is warranted.
Mutagenicity of Streptomyces Regensis producing a novel anti11otics AGPM (2003)

099 of Streptomyces regensis was isolated from soil to produce a novel antibiotic AGPM of a strong biological activity of antitumor. The strain was irradiated by UV after treatment with LiCl to give a AGPM yield of 1.87×10~(-2) mg mL~(-1), 2.2 times higher than that of the original strain. The optimum UV irradiation time was 30-60 s and the best LiCl concentration was 0.05-0.09 mol/L The fermentation of AGPM was conducted in a 30 L stirred tank, the maximum yield of AGPM using the mutants reached 1.85×10~(-2) mg mL~(-1), while that using the original strain was only 0.85×10~(-2) mg ML~(-1).