gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clausal adverbs and clausal structure in Cantonese (2000)

Cinque (1999) donne une preuve convaincante en faveur de l'Universal Base Hypothesis, à savoir que, au niveau de la proposition, toutes les langues ont la même structure hiérarchique fondamentale, et que chaque projection dans cette hiérarchie est nécessairement associée avec une interprétation sémantique particulière. Nous vérifions ici cette hypothèse en examinant la distribution des adverbes en cantonais et soutenons que le cantonais vient confirmer cette hypothèse. Nous examinons également les propriétés des projections liées au DP, tels que le topique, le focus, ainsi que les positions pouvant être occupées par le sujet. Nous avançons que les langues à topique proéminent telles que le cantonais manquent d'une projection unique dans laquelle se trouverait toujours le sujet.
Real-time feature extraction for high speed networks (2005)

With the onset of Gigabit networks, current generation networking components will soon be insufficient for numerous reasons: most notably because existing methods cannot support high performance demands. Feature extraction (or flow monitoring), an essential component in anomaly detection, summarizes network behavior from a packet stream. This information is fed into intrusion detection methods such as association rule mining, outlier analysis, and classification algorithms in order to characterize network behavior. However, current feature extraction methods based on per-flow analysis are expensive, not scalable, and thus prohibitive for large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose an accurate and scalable feature extraction module (FEM) based on sketches. We present the details of the FEM design on an FPGA and show that using FPGAs we can achieve significantly better performance compared to existing software and ASIC implementations. Specifically, the optimal FEM configuration achieves 21.25 Gbps throughput and 97.61% accuracy.
A sentiment-enhanced personalized location recommendation system (2013)

Although online recommendation systems such as recommendation of movies or music have been systematically studied in the past decade, location recommendation in Location Based Social Networks (LBSNs) is not well investigated yet. In LBSNs, users can check in and leave tips commenting on a venue. These two heterogeneous data sources both describe users' preference of venues. However, in current research work, only users' check-in behavior is considered in users' location preference model, users' tips on venues are seldom investigated yet. Moreover, while existing work mainly considers social influence in recommendation, we argue that considering venue similarity can further improve the recommendation performance. In this research, we ameliorate location recommendation by enhancing not only the user location preference model but also recommendation algorithm. First, we propose a hybrid user location preference model by combining the preference extracted from check-ins and text-based tips which are processed using sentiment analysis techniques. Second, we develop a location based social matrix factorization algorithm that takes both user social influence and venue similarity influence into account in location recommendation. Using two datasets extracted from the location based social networks Foursquare, experiment results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid preference model can better characterize user preference by maintaining the preference consistency, and the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (2000)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator that belongs to a family of biologically active, structurally related alkyl phosphoglycerides. PAF acts via a specific receptor that is coupled with a G protein, which activates a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. In this review we focus on the aspects that are more relevant for the cell biology of the cardiovascular system. The in vitro studies provided evidence for a role of PAF both as intercellular and intracellular messenger involved in cell-to-cell communication. In the cardiovascular system, PAF may have a role in embryogenesis because it stimulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis and may affect cardiac function because it exhibits mechanical and electrophysiological actions on cardiomyocytes. Moreover, PAF may contribute to modulation of blood pressure mainly by affecting the renal vascular circulation. In pathological conditions, PAF has been involved in the hypotension and cardiac dysfunctions occurring in various cardiovascular stress situations such as cardiac anaphylaxis and hemorrhagic, traumatic, and septic shock syndromes. In addition, experimental studies indicate that PAF has a critical role in the development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Indeed, PAF cooperates in the recruitment of leukocytes in inflamed tissue by promoting adhesion to the endothelium and extravascular transmigration of leukocytes. The finding that human heart can produce PAF, expresses PAF receptor, and is sensitive to the negative inotropic action of PAF suggests that this mediator may have a role also in human cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Placing flickr photos on a map (2009)

In this paper we investigate generic methods for placing photos uploaded to Flickr on the World map. As primary input for our methods we use the textual annotations provided by the users to predict the single most probable location where the image was taken. Central to our approach is a language model based entirely on the annotations provided by users. We define extensions to improve over the language model using tag-based smoothing and cell-based smoothing, and leveraging spatial ambiguity. Further we demonstrate how to incorporate GeoNames\footnote{http://www.geonames.org visited May 2009}, a large external database of locations. For varying levels of granularity, we are able to place images on a map with at least twice the precision of the state-of-the-art reported in the literature.
Broad-specificity efflux pumps and their role in multidrug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria (2011)

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant' (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of our antibiotic 'arsenal' and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria, the overexpression of efflux pumps that expel structurally unrelated drugs contributes to the reduced susceptibility by decreasing the intracellular concentration of antibiotics. During the last decade, several clinical data have indicated an increasing involvement of efflux pumps in the emergence and dissemination of resistant Gram-negative bacteria. It is necessary to clearly define the molecular, functional and genetic bases of the efflux pump in order to understand the translocation of antibiotic molecules through the efflux transporter. The recent investigation on the efflux pump AcrB at its structural and physiological levels, including the identification of drug affinity sites and kinetic parameters for various antibiotics, may pave the way towards the rational development of an improved new generation of antibacterial agents as well as efflux inhibitors in order to efficiently combat efflux-based resistance mechanisms.
Characterization of a Pseudomonas putida Allylic Alcohol Dehydrogenase Induced by Growth on 2-Methyl-3-Buten-2-ol (1999)

We have been working to develop an enzymatic assay for the alcohol 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (232-MB), which is produced and emitted by certain pines. To this end we have isolated the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida MB-1, which uses 232-MB as a sole carbon source. Strain MB-1 contains inducible 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (321-MB) and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al dehydrogenases, suggesting that 232-MB is metabolized by isomerization to 321-MB followed by oxidation. 321-MB dehydrogenase was purified to near-homogeneity and found to be a tetramer (151 kDa) with a subunit mass of 37,700 Da. It catalyzes NAD+-dependent, reversible oxidation of 321-MB to 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al. The optimum pH for the oxidation reaction was 10.0, while that for the reduction reaction was 5.4. 321-MB dehydrogenase oxidized a wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols but exhibited the highest catalytic specificity with allylic or benzylic substrates, including 321-MB, 3-chloro-2-buten-1-ol, and 3-aminobenzyl alcohol. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme contained a region of 64% identity with the TOL plasmid-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase of P. putida. The latter enzyme and the chromosomally encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were also found to catalyze 321-MB oxidation. These findings suggest that 321-MB dehydrogenase and other bacterial benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases are broad-specificity allylic and benzylic alcohol dehydrogenases that, in conjunction with a 232-MB isomerase, might be useful in an enzyme-linked assay for 232-MB.
Carcinoembryonic antigens: alternative splicing accounts for the multiple mRNAs that code for novel members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family. (1989)

The recent cloning of complete cDNAs encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and non-specific cross-reacting antigen has revealed the existence of a new gene family belonging to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. We have reported the isolation of a partial CEA cDNA and of L-cell transfectant cell lines that express human antigens cross-reactive with commercial antibodies directed to native CEA (Kamarck, M., J. Elting, J. Hart, S. Goebel, P. M. M. Rae, J. Nedwin, and T. Barnett. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:5350-5354). In this study, we describe the identification and cloning of 3.9-, 3.7-, 2.2-, and 1.8-kb cDNAs and a 23-kb genomic transcription unit, which code for new members of the CEA gene family. DNA sequence analysis of these cloned DNAs establishes the existence of a set of four alternatively spliced mRNAs which are expressed in several tumor cell lines, in human fetal liver, and in L-cell transfectants. Deduced amino acid sequences of the encoded isoantigens show extensive similarity to CEA and nonspecific cross-reacting antigens, but in addition demonstrate transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. We designate members of this antigen family transmembrane CEAs. The transmembrane CEA isoantigens share general structural characteristics with members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and can be specifically compared to the cell adhesion molecules, N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) and MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein).
Control of the Arabinose Regulon in Bacillus subtilis by AraR In Vivo: Crucial Roles of Operators, Cooperativity, and DNA Looping (2001)

The proteins involved in the utilization of L-arabinose by Bacillus subtilis are encoded by the araABDLMNPQ-abfA metabolic operon and by the araE/araR divergent unit. Transcription from the ara operon, araE transport gene, and araR regulatory gene is induced by L-arabinose and negatively controlled by AraR. The purified AraR protein binds cooperatively to two in-phase operators within the araABDLMNPQ-abfA (OR(A1) and OR(A2)) and araE (OR(E1) and OR(E2)) promoters and noncooperatively to a single operator in the araR (OR(R3)) promoter region. Here, we have investigated how AraR controls transcription from the ara regulon in vivo. A deletion analysis of the ara promoters region showed that the five AraR binding sites are the key cis-acting regulatory elements of their corresponding genes. Furthermore, OR(E1)-OR(E2) and OR(R3) are auxiliary operators for the autoregulation of araR and the repression of araE, respectively. Analysis of mutations designed to prevent cooperative binding of AraR showed that in vivo repression of the ara operon requires communication between repressor molecules bound to two properly spaced operators. This communication implicates the formation of a small loop by the intervening DNA. In an in vitro transcription system, AraR alone sufficed to abolish transcription from the araABDLMNPQ-abfA operon and araE promoters, strongly suggesting that it is the major protein involved in the repression mechanism of L-arabinose-inducible expression in vivo. The ara regulon is an example of how the architecture of the promoters is adapted to respond to the particular characteristics of the system, resulting in a tight and flexible control.
Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis (2006)

The newer 5-ASA preparations were superior to placebo in maintenance therapy. However, the newer preparations had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. This review updates the existing review of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis which was published in the Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2006).
Insect Attractants, New Attractants for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsect Attractants, New Attractants for the Mediterranean Fruit FlyMorton Beroza, Nathan Green, S. I. Gertler, L. F. Steiner, and D. H. MiyashitaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1961, 9, 5, 361–365Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60117a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60117a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfluidic Devices for the High-Throughput Chemical Analysis of Cells (2003)

A microfluidic device is reported that integrated cell handling, rapid cell lysis, and electrophoretic separation and detection of fluorescent cytosolic dyes. The device function was demonstrated using Jurkat cells that were loaded with the fluorogenic dyes - carboxyfluorescein diacetate, Oregon green carboxylic acid diacetate, or Calcein AM. The loaded cells were hydrodynamically transported from the cell-containing reservoir to a region on the microfluidic device where they were focused and then rapidly lysed using an electric field. Complete lysis was accomplished in <33 ms. The hydrolyzed, fluorescent dyes in the cell lysate were automatically injected into a separation channel on the device and detected 3 mm downstream of the injection point. The total separation time was approximately 2.2 s with absolute migration time reproducibilities of <1% and efficiencies ranging from 2300 to 4000 theoretical plates. Results from 139 cells are reported. A small fraction of these cells, approximately 9%, were found to enzymatically hydrolyze the loaded dyes in a manner significantly different from the majority of the cells. Cell analysis rates of 7-12 cells/min were demonstrated and are >100 times faster than those reported using standard bench-scale capillary electrophoresis.
Acquired right ventricular dysfunction (2006)

Right ventricular (RV) function may be impaired either by primary right sided heart disease, or secondary to left sided cardiomyopathy or valvar heart disease. Two dimensional echocardiography is the mainstay for analysis of RV function. A detailed description of echocardiographic approaches for assessment of RV function is provided elsewhere.1 This brief review is focused on echocardiographic evaluation of right sided cardiac pathology.

The estimation of RV pressure is of great clinical importance since the RV pressure is equal to the pressure in the pulmonary artery, provided that there is no pulmonic stenosis. Typically, in RV pressure overload, the RV wall is thickened (> 4 mm) (often observed in congenital heart disease) or dilated (in acquired heart disease). In both situations, the RV free wall is hypokinetic, and is best appreciated from parasternal long axis projections. If an elevated pulmonary artery pressure is suspected, the shape of the interventricular septum should be evaluated. Normally, the shape of the left ventricular (LV) cavity will be circular because of the higher LV pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. However, in the presence of RV pressure overload, the interventricular septum will shift towards the LV and the septum will appear flattened during systole (D shape), which is best visualised on the parasternal short axis view, just below the mitral valve. The higher the RV pressure, the further the septum will displace into the LV resulting in a D shaped LV cavity (fig 1). Of note, septal flattening in the presence of elevated RV pressure should be distinguished from (isolated) RV volume overload, which leads to a septal flattening during diastole.2,3



 Figure 1 
 Parasternal short axis view during systole in a patient with severe right ventricle (RV) pressure overload. Note the flattening of the interventricular septum, the D shaped left ventricle (LV) and the enlarged …
Clonal expansion of T cells: a cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo that involves precursor cell proliferation. (1986)

The response of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes to allogeneic tumor cells was used to determine whether the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) involved the proliferation of precursor cells. Ten days post-injection, both cytotoxic activity and the formation of conjugates between lymphocytes and target cells were shown to be specific for the immunizing tumor alloantigens and to be effected by Ly-2+ cells. A cell-sorting-based procedure was developed to isolate specific conjugates between red-fluorescence-tagged CTL and blue-fluorescence-tagged tumor target cells. When [3H]thymidine was administered during the response, almost all isolated conjugate-forming CTL were 3H-labeled on autoradiography. Thus, the CTL were clearly products of dividing cells, a result that contradicts published data. Reassessment of a previously studied system, which suggested that CTL were not products of cell division, indicated that in that system many of the conjugate-forming cytotoxic cells studied were Ly-2- and nonspecific, and thus perhaps not T cells. We conclude that the clonal selection model is applicable to at least one in vivo T-cell response.
Differentiating embryonic neural progenitor cells induce blood–brain barrier properties (2006)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multifunctional endothelial interface separating the bloodstream from the brain interior. Although the mature BBB is well characterized, the embryonic development of this complex system remains poorly understood. Embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPC) are a potential inductive cell type populating the developing brain, and their ability to influence BBB properties was therefore examined. When puromycin-purified brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were co-cultured with embryonic NPC in a two-compartment Transwell system, the BMEC exhibited enhanced barrier properties in the form of increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and decreased permeability to the small molecule tracer, sodium fluorescein. These changes required the presence of NPC in the early stages of differentiation and were accompanied by alterations in the fidelity of BMEC tight junctions as indicated by occludin, claudin 5, and zonula occluden-1 redistribution at cell-cell borders. In contrast to the findings with NPC, post-natal astrocytes elicited a delayed, but longer duration response in BMEC TEER. BMEC co-culture also suppressed neuronal differentiation of NPC indicating a reciprocal signaling between the two cell populations. This study demonstrates that NPC-BMEC interactions are prevalent and for the first time demonstrates that NPC are capable of inducing BBB properties.
Square-Planar Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) Terpyridine Complexes: Their Syntheses, Physical Properties, Supramolecular Constructs, and Biomedical Activities (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSquare-Planar Pd(II), Pt(II), and Au(III) Terpyridine Complexes: Their Syntheses, Physical Properties, Supramolecular Constructs, and Biomedical ActivitiesIbrahim Eryazici†, Charles N. Moorefield‡, and George R. Newkome*†‡§View Author Information Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry and the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron.‡Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron.§Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 6, 1834–1895Publication Date (Web):June 11, 2008Publication History Received2 October 2007Published online11 June 2008Published inissue 1 June 2008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0781059Copyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions Article Views11194Altmetric-Citations551LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (10 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Genetics,Metal to ligand charge transfer,Metals,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Use of HTTP State Management (2000)

The mechanisms described in State Management Mechanism (RFC- 2965), and its predecessor (RFC-2109), can be used for many different purposes. However, some current and potential uses of the protocol are controversial because they have significant user privacy and security implications. This memo identifies specific uses of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) State Management protocol which are either (a) not recommended by the IETF, or (b) believed to be harmful, and discouraged. This memo also details additional privacy considerations which are not covered by the HTTP State Management protocol specification.