gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Chronic Ischemic Neuropathy After Intramuscular phVEGF165 Gene Transfer in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (2001)

Ischemic neuropathy might be a reversible condition, and therapeutic angiogenesis might be an effective treatment. The presence of diabetes does not preclude a response to this therapy.
LabelMovie: Semi-supervised machine annotation tool with quality assurance and crowd-sourcing options for videos (2014)

For multiple reasons, the automatic annotation of video recordings is challenging. The amount of database video instances to be annotated is huge, tedious manual labeling sessions are required, the multi-modal annotation needs exact information of space, time, and context, and the different labeling opportunities require special agreements between annotators, and alike. Crowd-sourcing with quality assurance by experts may come to the rescue here. We have developed a special tool: individual experts can annotate videos over the Internet, their work can be joined and filtered, the annotated material can be evaluated by machine learning methods, and automated annotation may start according to a predefined confidence level. A relatively small number of manually labeled instances may efficiently bootstrap the machine annotation procedure. We present the new mathematical concepts and algorithms for semi-supervised induction and the corresponding manual annotation tool which features special visualization methods for crowd-sourced users. A special feature is that the annotation tool is usable for users not familiar with machine learning methods; for example, we allow them to ignite and handle a complex bootstrapping process.
The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Potentiates Integrin-Dependent Cell Migration to Extracellular Matrix Proteins (2002)

The L1 adhesion molecule regulates axon growth and is mutated in the X-linked mental retardation syndrome CRASH (acronym for corpus callosum agenesis, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia, hydrocephalus). A novel role for L1 as a potentiator of neuronal cell migration to extracellular matrix proteins through beta1 integrins and intracellular signaling to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was identified. L1 potentiated haptotactic migration of B35 neuroblastoma cells toward fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin through the signaling intermediates c-Src, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and MAP kinase. L1 potentiated migration toward fibronectin through alpha5beta1 integrin in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and depended on determinants of L1 endocytosis: dynamin I, c-Src, and the AP2/clathrin binding site (Arg-Ser-Leu-Glu) in the neuronal splice form of L1. L1 clustering on the cell surface enhanced the internalization of activated beta1 integrins and L1 into distinct endocytic vesicles. L1-potentiated migration, enhancement of beta1 integrin endocytosis, and activation of MAP kinase were coordinately inhibited by mutation of an RGD sequence in the sixth immunoglobulin-like domain of L1. Moreover, three CRASH mutations in the L1 cytoplasmic domain (1194L, S1224L, Y1229H), two of which interfere with ankyrin association, inhibited L1-potentiated migration and MAP kinase activation. Function-blocking antibodies to L1 and beta1 integrin retarded the migration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled mouse cerebellar granule cells in slice cultures, underscoring the potential physiological relevance of these findings. These studies suggest that L1 functionally interacts with beta1 integrins to potentiate neuronal migration toward extracellular matrix proteins through endocytosis and MAP kinase signaling, and that impairment of this function by L1 cytoplasmic domain mutations may contribute to neurological deficits in CRASH.
Low-temperature secondary positive ion mass spectrometry of neat and argon-diluted organic solids (1978)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry of neat solid propane, n-pentane, benzene, toluene, and of propane imbedded in an argon matrix were observed at temperatures varying from 10 to 110 K and show fragmentation patterns similar to those known from ordinary electron impact mass spectrometry. The effects of the nature and energy of the primary probe ion and of the sample temperature were investigated. The analytical potential of the method, e.g., for reactive species trapped in inert matrices, is noted.
Influence of parental history of cardiovascular risk factors on multiple metabolic syndrome (2000)

We assessed the association of parental history of cardiovascular risk factors (PHCRF) with multiple metabolic syndrome (MMS) in the offspring in three French representative samples from the Lille, Strasbourg and Toulouse MONICA populations. We screened 1255 males and 1254 females, aged 35–64 years. Subjects were defined as MMS cases when they were affected by at least 2 disorders among hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or antihypertensive drug), diabetes/obesity (glycemia ≥7.0 mmol/L, and/or hypoglycemic drug, and/or waist-to-hip ratio >1 in men or >0.9 in women), and dyslipidemia (triglycerides >2.26 mmol/L and/or HDL-cholesterol <0.9 mmol/L in men or <1.2 mmol/L in women). Nineteen percent of the subjects were MMS cases. PHCRF (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia) were defined as positive if they were under 65. About 29% of the subjects had at least one PHCRF. We used multiple logistic regression to study the association of PHCRF with MMS. After adjustment for age, sex, educational level, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption and center, PHCRF was significantly associated with MMS. One [Odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI (1.16–1.97)], two [2.10 (1.42–3.12)], or three or more [2.22 (1.22–4.06)] PHCRF were significantly associated with increased odds of being MMS cases. Furthermore, a maternal-only history of hypertension or diabetes/obesity was more strongly associated with MMS than a paternal-only. In conclusion, at least one single cardiovascular risk factor in parents was significantly associated with MMS in the offspring, independently of environmental parameters. This suggests complex interrelations between hypertension, diabetes/obesity and dyslipidemia.
Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mechanism in Common Involving Xanthine Oxidase and Neutrophils (1987)

"Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mechanism in Common Involving Xanthine Oxidase and Neutrophils." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 136(2), pp. 483–485
Studies upon catalytic combustion.— Part I. The union of carbon monoxide and oxygen in contact with a gold surface (1925)

Abstract The experiments which will be described in this and succeeding papers of the series are a continuation of the previous researches of Bone and Wheeler upon “The Combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Contact with Hot Surfaces,” which were published in 1906. They were begun at Manchester University twenty years ago, continued at the University of Leeds, and are now being completed at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. The delay in publishing the results has not been disadvantageous, because it has allowed of our testing some recent theoretical developments concerning catalytic combustion, and more particularly that due to Langmuir. These, it will be remembered, formed the subject of a special discussion held in London on September 20, 1921, under the auspices of the Faraday Society, in which a number of the leading investigators throughout the world participated. The previous work of Bone and Wheeler (loc. cit.), in which the actions of a number of widely different hot surfaces upon the combination of hydrogen and oxygen at pressures between 500 and 50 mm. were systematically studied, had disclosed the following outstanding facts:— (1) That the catalyzing power of a new surface at a given temperature usually increases up to a certain steady “normal” state, after which the rate of steam formation is always directly proportional to the pressure, provided that the two gases (hydrogen and oxygen) are present in their combining ratios, and that the product (steam) is rapidly removed from the sphere of action.
On Jacket transforms over finite fields (2009)

In 2001 Lee, Rajan and Park introduced (among other things) the concept of extended complex reverse jacket (CRJ) transform over finite field. In this paper, we prove that this transform is equivalent to Galois field Fourier (GFF) transform and possesses an additional feature of having a matrix with specific border. We also, present examples of Jacket transforms over finite fields applicable to odd dimensions extending in this way previous works on the subject.
Preparative nonlytic separation of Lyt2+ and Lyt2− T lymphocytes, functional analyses of the separated cells and demonstration of synergy in graft‐vs.‐host reaction of Lyt2+ and Lyt2− cells (1981)

A convenient, preparative scale, nonlytic separation of mouse T lymphocytes into Lyt2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations is reported. Immunoglobulin-negative (Ig-) spleen cells, Ig- lymph node cells, and peanut lectin-unagglutinated (PNA-) thymocytes were incubated under sterile conditions at 0 degree C with monoclonal mouse antibody to the Lyt2.2 T cell differentiation antigen. The antibody-treated cells were washed and placed in polystyrene tissue culture dishes that had been precoated with antibody to mouse Ig. Nonadherent populations were depleted to Lyt2.2+ cells and were essentially devoid of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp), but contained helper activity for in vivo T-dependent IgM, IgG and IgA antibody formation. Adherent cell populations were enriched for Lyt2.2+ cells and for CTLp. The graft-vs.-host activity of the separated, adherent (Lyt2.2+) and nonadherent (Lyt2.2-) cells in the Simonsen spleen assay in neonatal (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1 mice was less than of unfractionated cells, but the activity of remixed Lyt2.2+ plus Lyt2.2- cells was higher than the sum of the contributions of these cells tested separately, and equal to that of the unfractionated cells. PNA- thymocytes were also separated into Ly2.2+ and Lyt2.2- populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Nonlytic separation allows the recovery of the Lyt1+2+ population, which is lost in cytotoxic elimination experiments. Under the conditions described for the plate separation, the purity of the separated cells and recovery of activity approaches that of cells separated by sorting. Therefore, the plate separation offers a convenient alternative to fluorescence-activated cell sorting when large numbers (i.e. up to 5 x 10(7) positively selected cells) are needed, as in studies of in vivo cell-mediated immune reactions.
β4 integrin expression in myelinating Schwann cells is polarized, developmentally regulated and axonally dependent (1994)

In developing and regenerating peripheral nerve, Schwann cells interact with axons and extracellular matrix in order to ensheath and myelinate axons. Both of these interactions are likely to be mediated by adhesion molecules, including integrins, which mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Recently, the beta 4 integrin subunit was reported to be expressed by Schwann cells in peripheral nerve. We have examined the expression of beta 4, beta 1 and their common heterodimeric partner, the alpha 6 integrin subunit, in developing and regenerating rat peripheral nerve. beta 4 and alpha 6 are enriched in peripheral nerve and they co-localize at the abaxonal surface of myelinating Schwann cells, opposite the Schwann cell basal lamina, which contains possible ligands of alpha 6 beta 4. In contrast, beta 4 and alpha 6 are expressed in a different pattern in non-myelinating Schwann cells. The level of beta 4, but not alpha 6 or beta 1 mRNAs, increases progressively in developing nerves, reaching a peak in adult nerves well after the peak of the myelin-specific mRNAs. After axotomy, the expression of beta 4 mRNA and protein, but not alpha 6 or beta 1 mRNAs, fall rapidly but subsequently are reinduced by regenerating axons. Similarly, in cultured Schwann cells, the expression of beta 4 mRNA, but not alpha 6 mRNA, is significantly modulated by forskolin, a drug that elevates cAMP and mimics some of the effects of axonal contact. beta 4 integrin expression in Schwann cells, therefore, is regulated by Schwann cell-axon interactions, which are known to be critical in determining the Schwann cell phenotype. Furthermore, the polarized expression of alpha 6 beta 4 to the abaxonal surface of myelinating Schwann cells suggests that alpha 6 beta 4 may mediate in part the morphological changes required of Schwann cells in the process of myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
Van der Waals bonding of GaAs epitaxial liftoff films onto arbitrary substrates (1990)

Epitaxial liftoff is an alternative to lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxial growth. Multilayer AlxGa1−xAs epitaxial films are separated from their growth substrates by undercutting an AlAs release layer in HF acid (selectivity ≳108 for x≤0.4). The resulting AlxGa1−xAs films tend to bond by natural intermolecular surface forces to any smooth substrate (Van der Waals bonding). We have demonstrated GaAs thin-film bonding by surface tension forces onto Si, glass, sapphire, LiNbO3, InP, and diamond substrates, as well as self-bonding onto GaAs substrates. In transmission electron microscopy the substrate and thin-film atomic lattices can be simultaneously imaged, showing only a thin (20–100 Å) amorphous layer in between.
Mathematical modeling identifies Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as a dynamic signal-interpreting system (2008)

TGF-beta-induced Smad signal transduction from the membrane into the nucleus is not linear and unidirectional, but rather a dynamic network that couples Smad phosphorylation and dephosphorylation through continuous nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smads. To understand the quantitative behavior of this network, we have developed a tightly constrained computational model, exploiting the interplay between mathematical modeling and experimental strategies. The model simultaneously reproduces four distinct datasets with excellent accuracy and provides mechanistic insights into how the network operates. We use the model to make predictions about the outcome of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments and the behavior of a functionally impaired Smad2 mutant, which we then verify experimentally. Successful model performance strongly supports the hypothesis of a dynamic maintenance of Smad nuclear accumulation during active signaling. The presented work establishes Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as a dynamic network that flexibly transmits quantitative features of the extracellular TGF-beta signal, such as its duration and intensity, into the nucleus.
The Keap1-BTB Protein Is an Adaptor That Bridges Nrf2 to a Cul3-Based E3 Ligase: Oxidative Stress Sensing by a Cul3-Keap1 Ligase (2004)

The Nrf2 transcription factor promotes survival following cellular insults that trigger oxidative damage. Nrf2 activity is opposed by the BTB/POZ domain protein Keap1. Keap1 is proposed to regulate Nrf2 activity strictly through its capacity to inhibit Nrf2 nuclear import. Recent work suggests that inhibition of Nrf2 may also depend upon ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. To address the contribution of Keap1-dependent sequestration versus Nrf2 proteolysis, we identified the E3 ligase that regulates Nrf2 ubiquitination. We demonstrate that Keap1 is not solely a cytosolic anchor; rather, Keap1 is an adaptor that bridges Nrf2 to Cul3. We demonstrate that Cul3-Keap1 complexes regulate Nrf2 polyubiquitination both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of either Keap1 or Cul3 increases Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, leading to promiscuous activation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Our data demonstrate that Keap1 restrains Nrf2 activity via its capacity to target Nrf2 to a cytoplasmic Cul3-based E3 ligase and suggest a model in which Keap1 coordinately regulates both Nrf2 accumulation and access to target genes.
The Activation of Matriptase Requires Its Noncatalytic Domains, Serine Protease Domain, and Its Cognate Inhibitor (2003)

The activation of matriptase requires proteolytic cleavage at a canonical activation motif that converts the enzyme from a one-chain zymogen to an active, two-chain protease. In this study, matriptase bearing a mutation in its catalytic triad was unable to undergo this activational cleavage, suggesting that the activating cleavage occurs via a transactivation mechanism where interaction between matriptase zymogen molecules leads to activation of the protease. Using additional point and deletion mutants, we showed that activation of matriptase requires proteolytic processing at Gly-149 in the SEA domain of the protease, glycosylation of the first CUB domain and the serine protease domain, and intact low density lipoprotein receptor class A domains. Its cognate inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1, may also participate in the activation of matriptase, based on the observation that matriptase activation did not occur when the protease was co-expressed with hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 mutated in its low density lipoprotein receptor class A domain. These results suggest that besides matriptase catalytic activity, matriptase activation requires post-translational modification of the protease, intact noncatalytic domains, and its cognate inhibitor.
Eradication of Tumor Colonization and Invasion by a B Cell–Specific Immunotoxin in a Murine Model for Human Primary Intraocular Lymphoma (2006)

Human primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is predominantly a B cell-originated malignant disease with no appropriate animal models and effective therapies available. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to closely mimic human B-cell PIOL and to test the therapeutic potential of a recently developed immunotoxin targeting human B-cell lymphomas. Human B-cell lymphoma cells were intravitreally injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. The resemblance of this tumor model to human PIOL was examined by fundoscopy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and evaluated for molecular markers. The therapeutic effectiveness of immunotoxin HA22 was tested by injecting the drug intravitreally. Results showed that the murine model resembles human PIOL closely. Pathologic examination revealed that the tumor cells initially colonized on the retinal surface, followed by infiltrating through the retinal layers, expanding preferentially in the subretinal space, and eventually penetrating through the retinal pigment epithelium into the choroid. Several putative molecular markers for human PIOL were expressed in vivo in this model. Tumor metastasis into the central nervous system was also observed. A single intravitreal injection of immunotoxin HA22 after the establishment of the PIOL resulted in complete regression of the tumor. This is the first report of a murine model that closely mimics human B-cell PIOL. This model may be a valuable tool in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human PIOL and for the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. The results of B cell-specific immunotoxin therapy may have clinical implications in treating human PIOL.
Cutting Edge: Single-Chain Trimers of MHC Class I Molecules Form Stable Structures That Potently Stimulate Antigen-Specific T Cells and B Cells (2002)

We report in this work the expression and characterization of class I molecules expressed as single-chain trimers consisting of an antigenic peptide-spacer-beta(2)-microglobulin-spacer H chain. Our results indicate that these single-chain constructs assemble efficiently, maintain their covalent structure, and are unusually stable at the cell surface. Consequently, these constructs are at least 1000-fold less accessible to exogenous peptide than class I molecules loaded with endogenous peptides, and they are potent simulators of peptide-specific CTL and Abs. Our combined findings suggest that single-chain trimers may have applications as DNA vaccines against virus infection or tumors.
GENETICS OF DEOXYNIVALENOL (DON) CONTAMINATION CAUSED BY FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT IN HYBRID RYE (2003)

Head blight caused by Fusarium culmorum or F. graminearum affects all cereals including winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Besides yield and quality losses, grain is contaminated with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that is harmful to animals and humans. We analysed 76 self-fertile S2 lines and their corresponding testcrosses for head blight resistance and DON concentration in the grain by inoculating them with an aggressive isolate of F. culmorum at two locations in Southwestern Germany in 2000. Disease severity at both locations was low with mean ratings from 2.7 to 3.4 on a 1-9 scale (1=healthy), but still DON occurred in considerable amounts (11.4 - 15.0 mg kg -1 ). Genotypic variance was significant (P=0.01) in all instances, genotype-location interaction and error variances were more important for DON concentration resulting in a lower heritability of this trait. No association between S2 lines and their testcrosses was found for head blight rating or DON concentration (r = 0.33 and 0.19, respectively). The coefficient of correlation between head blight rating and DON concentration was low for the S2 lines and medium for the testcrosses (r=0.24 and 0.60, P=0.05 and P=0.01, resp.). The hybrid rye breeder should select predominantly on testcross performance. Selection for low head blight ratings should result in lower DON concentrations in the grain also. In later generations, DON should be analysed additionally to exploit the maximum selection gain possible.
Regulation of the retinoblastoma protein-related p107 by G1 cyclin complexes. (1995)

The orderly progression through the cell cycle is mediated by the sequential activation of several cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) complexes. These kinases phosphorylate a number of cellular substrates, among which is the product of the retinoblastoma gene, pRb. Phosphorylation of pRb in late G1 causes the release of the transcription factor E2F from pRb, resulting in the transcriptional activation of E2F-responsive genes. We show here that phosphorylation of the pRb-related p107 is also cell cycle regulated. p107 is first phosphorylated at 8 hr following serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts, which coincides with an increase in cyclin D1 protein levels. Consistent with this, we show that a cyclin D1/cdk4 complex, but not a cyclin E/cdk2 complex, can phosphorylate p107 in vivo. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p107 can be abolished by the overexpression of a dominant-negative form of cdk4. Phosphorylation of p107 results in the loss of the ability to associate with E2F-4, a transcription factor with growth-promoting and oncogenic activity. A p107-induced cell cycle block can be released by cyclin D1/cdk4 but not by cyclin E/cdk2. These data indicate that the activity of p107 is regulated by phosphorylation through D-type cyclins.
5‐Substituierte 4‐Aminopyrimidine durch Aminomethinylierung von Acetonitrilen (1977)

Abstract Die Reaktion von s ‐Triazin ( 1 ) mit der aktiven Methylengruppe der hetero‐und carbocyclisch substituierten Acetonitrile 2a – 2i liefert die 5‐substituierten 4‐Aminopyrimidine 6a – 6i . Der postulierte, über die Zwischenstufen 3 , 4 und 5 führende Reaktionsweg wird durch die Isolierung der Zwischenprodukte 4g , 4h und 4i gestützt. Diesem zur Pyrimidinbildung führenden Reaktionstyp sind auch bi‐ und gemischtfunktionelle Reaktionspartner ( 7 , 9 ) zugänglich.
Global analysis of DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma by a liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing approach (2015)

Novel methylome profiling provides a cost-efficient approach to identifying candidate genes in human HCC that may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Our work provides further information critical for understanding the epigenetic processes underlying tumorigenesis and development of HCC.