gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship of DNA topoisomerase II alpha and beta expression to cytotoxicity of antineoplastic agents in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. (1995)

The levels of expression of topoisomerase II alpha and topoisomerase II beta were investigated in six established cell lines of human childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as a function of doubling time, cell cycle distribution, and of sensitivity to the antineoplastic agents Adriamycin and etoposide. The slowest growing cell line, ALL-G, was most sensitive to both drugs, whereas the fastest growing cell line, ALL-C, was 15.3- and 6.4-fold more resistant than ALL-G to Adriamycin and etoposide, respectively. Furthermore, ALL-W, the second most rapidly dividing cell line, was most resistant to both Adriamycin (22.8-fold) and etoposide (14.1-fold). Expression of topoisomerase II alpha varied inversely with doubling time, whereas no correlation was found between topoisomerase II beta levels and doubling time. Expression of topoisomerase II beta varied inversely with that of topoisomerase II alpha. The level of topoisomerase II alpha correlated directly with the percentage of cells in S and G2-M phases, whereas topoisomerase II beta expression varied directly with the number of cells in G1. An inverse correlation was found between the level of expression of topoisomerase II beta and resistance to Adriamycin, whereas a direct correlation was observed between the level of expression of topoisomerase II alpha and resistance to Adriamycin. Studies with etoposide, although not statistically significant, were consistent with the pattern observed with Adriamycin. These findings suggest that in ALL cells, cytocidal activity of Adriamycin and etoposide may be mediated, at least in part, by topoisomerase II beta.
Complement anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to hemodialysis-associated thrombosis (2010)

Thrombosis is a common complication of end-stage renal disease, particularly in patients on hemodialysis. Although substantial progress has been made in preventing thrombotic complications in various other groups of patients, the mechanisms of thrombosis during hemodialysis require clarification. In this report, we demonstrate that complement activation triggered by hemodialysis biomaterials, and the subsequent generation of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a, results in the expression of functionally active tissue factor (TF) in peripheral blood neutrophils. Because TF is a key initiator of coagulation in vivo, we postulate that the recurring complement activation that occurs during long-term hemodialysis contributes to thrombosis in dialyzed end-stage renal disease patients. Furthermore, we found that complement contributed to the induction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients treated with the recombinant form of this molecule. Importantly, the inhibition of complement activation attenuated the TF expression and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction in blood passing through a hemodialysis circuit, suggesting that the complement system could become a new therapeutic target for preventing thrombosis in patients with chronic renal failure who are maintained on hemodialysis.
Interaction between cyclic nucleotides and herpes simplex viruses: productive infection (1977)

Infection of human fibroblasts and HEp-2 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) produced a decrease in the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 5'- monophosphate (cAMP) and a concomitant increase in the cyclic guanosine 5'- monophosphate (cGMP) levels. In both cell cultures, changes in cyclic nucleotide levels were first observed at 6 h after viral inoculation and were maximal at 12 h. In human fibroblasts, the addition of theophylline, dibutyryl cAMP, or papaverine (cAMP-enhancing compounds) decreased significantly the yield of HSV-1, whereas the addition of insulin or dibutyryl cGMP (cGMP-enhancing compounds) increased the viral yield. In HEp-2 cells, only theophylline decreased the yield of HSV-1, and the cGMP-enhancing compounds had no apparent effect. Cyclic nucleotide enhancing compounds exhibited their effect only if added to either cell culture within the first 3 h after inoculation with HSV-1.
Isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody, K1, reactive with ovarian cancers and normal mesothelium (1992)

We have isolated a new monoclonal antibody (MAb), K1, that reacts with an epitope on the surface of human ovarian carcinoma cells. This antibody was generated by immunization of mice with periodate-treated human ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3) cells. These mice had been previously made tolerant with normal human kidney membranes. Spleen lymphocytes from these mice were selected prior to fusion using a panning purification method on living OVCAR-3 cells. Initial screening of surface-reactive clones was performed in a single day using immunofluorescence on living OVCAR-3 cells, and secondary screening was performed using immunoperoxidase histochemistry on cryostat sections of normal human tissues and human tumors. The K1 clone was subcloned and identified as an IgM isotype, but was subsequently isotype-switched to IgG1K using a panning selection method. When evaluated by immunohistochemistry, the antigen reactive with K1 was found in many ovarian non-mucinous tumors, as well as in squamous tumors of the esophagus, and cervical cancer. The only normal adult human tissues showing uniform reactivity with K1 were the mesothelia of the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities. There was also limited reactivity with epithelia of the trachea, tonsil and Fallopian tube. A similar tissue reactivity for K1 was found in tissues from cynomolgus monkeys. K1 reacted with many of the same tissues and tumors as the previously identified antibody OC125, but several lines of evidence indicate that K1 reacts with a different epitope and probably a different molecule, when compared to OC125. This evidence included assays employing immunofluorescence competition, double-label immunofluorescence, and solid-phase and live-cell radioimmunoassays. Since our data indicate that the antigen reactive with the K1 antibody is a new molecular species, we have named the antigen CAK1. Unlike the shed antigen CA125, CAK1 was only cell-associated and was not found in the supernatant of cultured OVCAR-3 cells or in the blood of ovarian cancer patients. The K1 antibody may be useful as a targeting agent for therapy and in the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma, as well as some other human cancers.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide and pain: a systematic review (2017)

The present review revealed the association between measured CGRP levels and somatic, visceral, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. These data suggest that CGRP may act as a neuromodulator in non-headache pain conditions. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the role of CGRP in nociceptive processing and therapy of chronic pain.
Oxidative Amination of Cuprated Pyrimidine and Purine Derivatives (2008)

Using regioselective cuprations (via magnesiations), various primary, secondary and tertiary aminated pyrimidine and purine derivatives were prepared by the oxidative coupling of lithium amidocuprates using chloranil. DNA and RNA units such as aminated uracil or thymine, and adenine, as well as a CDK inhibitor, purvalanol A, were all obtained under mild conditions and satisfactory yields.
Drying Performance, Quality Characteristics, and Financial Evaluation of Indian Mackerel (Rastrilliger Kangurta) Dried by a Solar Tunnel Dryer (2011)

Eight drying trials were conducted in each solar tunnel dryer (STD) and compared with open sun drying (OSD). The drying behavior of mackerel drying in STD was studied by comparing eleven different drying models. The Midilli model provided the highest R2 (0.9928), lowest 2χ(0.000406) and RMSE (0.0164). The drying time required for STD and OSD were 27 and 48 h, respectively. The overall drying efficiency of the STD and OSD was about 19.87 and 12%, respectively. STD significantly influenced the biochemical properties such as Free fatty acid (FFA), Peroxide value (PV), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N), Trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and histamine of dried mackerel. There was a significant positive relationship between drying temperature and time (R2>0.85). No microbial growth on dried product was found in STD dried fish. Sensory quality of dried mackerel was judged by ten experienced sensory panel experts using a seven point hedonic scale. The fish dried at temperatures ranging from 40-46 oC for 20-30 h were awarded the highest scores by the sensory panel. Contour plots of dried mackerel showed that for all sensory attributes examined, panelists preferred fish dried with STD. Time series sensory evaluation of the shelf-life revealed that dried mackerel stored at ambient temperature is acceptable to the sensory panel until 154 and <98 days, for STD and OSD, respectively. The financial analysis showed that the average net income year-1 (for 10 years) is about 45,223 Indian Rupees (INR) and the pay-back period is <1.5 years. Key words: Solar tunnel dryer, dried mackerel, mackerel quality, mackerel drying modeling; open sun drying
Recurrence Plots of Dynamical Systems (1987)

A new graphical tool for measuring the time constancy of dynamical systems is presented and illustrated with typical examples.
Vascular endothelial growth factor is bound in amniotic fluid and maternal serum (1999)

To study vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) concentrations and their possible binders, serum from 22 non-pregnant and 55 pregnant women (15 at weeks 10-13; 40 at term), umbilical vein (n = 24) and artery (n = 13) and amniotic fluid (a pool of 50 at weeks 15-17; 11 at term) were assessed for VEGF and PlGF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In amniotic fluid and maternal serum VEGF concentrations were <16 ng/ml and added VEGF was not recovered. VEGF was detected in serum from mothers post-partum (137 +/- 142 ng/l, mean +/- SD), umbilical artery (421 +/- 288 ng/l) and vein (502 +/- 339 ng/l) and non-pregnant controls (182 +/- 147 ng/l), and added VEGF was fully recovered. PlGF was detected in pregnancy serum (52 +/- 23 ng/l early pregnancy; 439 +/- 217 ng/l term pregnancy) and in amniotic fluid (early pregnancy 56 ng/l; term pregnancy 30 +/- 18 ng/l). PlGF was fully recovered in all samples. Gel filtration and isoelectric focusing revealed that in maternal serum and amniotic fluid [125I]VEGF was bound to a protein with an Mr of 400-700 kDa and an isoelectric point of approximately 8. This protein was not identical with alpha-2-macroglobulin (by an immunofluorometric assay), pregnancy zone protein or pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (by immunodiffusion). In conclusion, VEGF-binding activity is present in amniotic fluid and maternal blood. It disappears after delivery and is not detectable in fetal or non-pregnant serum.
Toxicity of an antitumor ribonuclease to Purkinje neurons (1994)

Purkinje cell toxicity is one of the characteristic features of the Gordon phenomenon, a syndrome manifested by ataxia, muscular rigidity, paralysis, and tremor that may lead to death (Gordon, 1933). Two members of the RNase superfamily found in humans, EDN (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein), cause the Gordon phenomenon when injected intraventricularly into guinea pigs or rabbits. We have found that another member of the RNase superfamily, an antitumor protein called onconase, isolated from Rana pipiens oocytes and early embryos, will also cause the Gordon phenomenon when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of guinea pigs at a dose similar to that of EDN (LD50, 3-4 micrograms). Neurologic abnormalities of onconase-treated animals were indistinguishable from those of EDN-treated animals, and histology showed dramatic Purkinje cell loss in the brains of onconase-treated animals. The neurotoxic activity of onconase correlates with ribonuclease activity. Onconase modified by iodoacetic acid to eliminate 70% and 98% of the ribonuclease activity of the native enzyme displays a similar decrease in ability to cause the Gordon phenomenon. In contrast, the homologous bovine pancreatic RNase A injected intraventricularly at a dose 5000 times greater than the LD50 dose of EDN or onconase is not toxic and does not cause the Gordon phenomenon. A comparison of the RNase activities of EDN, onconase, and bovine pancreatic RNase A using three pancreatic RNA substrates demonstrates that onconase is orders of magnitude less active enzymatically than EDN and RNase A. Thus, another member of the RNase superfamily in addition to EDN and ECP can cause the Gordon phenomenon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Structures of the Reoxidation Products of 7,8-Dihydroneopterin (1973)

Abstract On the reduction of d-erythro-neopterin with sodium dithionite, after which it was let stand in neutral pH, three colorless compounds, I, II, and III, and two yellow compounds, I and II, were obtained. On the reduction of d-erythro-neopterin with Fe dust in 25% acetic acid, after which it was let stand at a neutral pH, two yellow compounds, II and III, were obtained. From UV and NMR spectral data as well as from the chemical reactions, the structures for these compounds were identified, Colorless Compound I is 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)pteridine; Colorless Compound II, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(d-erythro-1′,2′,3′-trihydroxypropyl)-pteridine; Colorless Compound III, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(d-threo1′,2′3′-trihydroxypropyl)pteridine; Yellow Compound I, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1′-oxo-3′-sulfopropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine; Yellow Compound II, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1′-oxo-3′-hydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine, and Yellow Compound III, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1′-oxo-2′,3′-dihydroxypropyl)-7,8-dihydropteridine.
Community-Associated MRSA — Resistance and Virulence Converge (2005)

Laypeople and health care professionals alike recognize Staphylococcus aureus as an important cause of disease and understand that antibiotic-resistant strains pose a threat to the community. Before the availability of antibiotics, invasive staphylococcal disease was often fatal, and the introduction of penicillin in the 1940s dramatically improved survival. Although penicillinase-producing strains soon emerged, methicillin and other penicillinase-stable β-lactam agents filled the breach. However, methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA), which are resistant to the entire class of β-lactam agents, were identified almost immediately and are now found in hospitals worldwide. Despite the growing prevalence of MRSA in hospitals, these strains . . .
Minute Virus of Mice NS1 Interacts with the SMN Protein, and They Colocalize in Novel Nuclear Bodies Induced by Parvovirus Infection (2002)

The human survival motor neuron (SMN) gene is the spinal muscular atrophy-determining gene, and a knockout of the murine Smn gene results in preembryonic lethality. Here we show that SMN can directly interact in vitro and in vivo with the large nonstructural protein NS1 of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM), a protein essential for viral replication and a potent transcriptional activator. Typically, SMN localizes within nuclear Cajal bodies and diffusely in the cytoplasm. Following transient NS1expression, SMN and NS1 colocalize within Cajal bodies. At early time points following parvovirus infection, NS1 fails to colocalize with SMN within Cajal bodies; however, during the course of MVM infection, dramatic nuclear alterations occur. Formerly distinct nuclear bodies such as Cajal bodies, promyelocytic leukemia gene product (PML) oncogenic domains (PODs), speckles, and autonomous parvovirus-associated replication (APAR) bodies are seen aggregating at later points in infection. These newly formed large nuclear bodies (termed SMN-associated APAR bodies) are active sites of viral replication and viral capsid assembly. These results highlight the transient nature of nuclear bodies and their contents and identify a novel nuclear body formed during infection. Furthermore, simple transient expression of the viral nonstructural proteins is insufficient to induce this nuclear reorganization, suggesting that this event is induced specifically by a step in the viral infection process.
The human serum proteome: Display of nearly 3700 chromatographically separated protein spots on two‐dimensional electrophoresis gels and identification of 325 distinct proteins (2003)

Plasma, the soluble component of the human blood, is believed to harbor thousands of distinct proteins, which originate from a variety of cells and tissues through either active secretion or leakage from blood cells or tissues. The dynamic range of plasma protein concentrations comprises at least nine orders of magnitude. Proteins involved in coagulation, immune defense, small molecule transport, and protease inhibition, many of them present in high abundance in this body fluid, have been functionally characterized and associated with disease processes. For example, protein sequence mutations in coagulation factors cause various serious disease states. Diagnosing and monitoring such diseases in blood plasma of affected individuals has typically been conducted by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which using a specific antibody quantitatively measure only the affected protein in the tested plasma samples. The discovery of protein biomarkers in plasma for diseases with no known correlations to genetic mutations is challenging. It requires a highly parallel display and quantitation strategy for proteins. We fractionated blood serum proteins prior to display on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels using immunoaffinity chromatography to remove the most abundant serum proteins, followed by sequential anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Serum proteins from 74 fractions were displayed on 2-DE gels. This approach succeeded in resolving approximately 3700 distinct protein spots, many of them post-translationally modified variants of plasma proteins. About 1800 distinct serum protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry. They collapsed into 325 distinct proteins, after sequence homology and similarity searches were carried out to eliminate redundant protein annotations. Although a relatively insensitive dye, Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, was used to visualize protein spots, several proteins known to be present in serum in < 10 ng/mL concentrations were identified such as interleukin-6, cathepsins, and peptide hormones. Considering that our strategy allows highly parallel protein quantitation on 2-DE gels, it holds promise to accelerate the discovery of novel serum protein biomarkers.
Joint thresholding and quantizer selection for decoder-compatible baseline JPEG (2002)

This paper introduces a novel, image-adaptive, encoding scheme for the baseline JPEG standard. In particular, coefficient thresholding, JPEG quantization matrix (Q-matrix) optimization, and adaptive Huffman entropy-coding are jointly performed to maximize coded still-image quality within the constraints of the baseline JPEG syntax. Adaptive JPEG coding has been addressed in earlier works: by Ramchandran and Vetterli (see IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Special Issue on Image Compression, vol.3, p.700-704, September 1994), where fast rate-distortion (R-D) optimal coefficient thresholding was described, and by Wu and Gersho (see Proc. Inter. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol.5, p.389-392, April 1993) and Hung and Meng (1991), where R-D optimized Q-matrix selection was performed. By formulating an algorithm which optimizes these two operations jointly, we have obtained performance comparable to more complex, "state-of-the-art" coding schemes: for the "Lenna" image at 1 bpp, our algorithm has achieved a PSNR of 39.6 dB. This result represents a gain of 1.7 dB over JPEG with a customized Huffman entropy coder, and even slightly exceeds the published performance of Shapiro's (see IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol.41, p.3445-3462, December 1993) wavelet-based scheme. Furthermore, with the choice of appropriate visually-based error metrics, noticeable subjective improvement has been achieved as well.
Apolipoprotein E Type 4 Allele and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Relatives at Risk for Familial Alzheimer Disease (1995)

These results suggest that the inheritance of APOE epsilon 4 is associated with reduced cerebral parietal metabolism and increased asymmetry in non-demented relatives at risk for probable AD. Longitudinal study will determine if glucose metabolic measures provide a means to monitor experimental treatment responses during the early phases of the disorder.
Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability from Tissue Cultures of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (1991)

Abstract Adventitious buds were induced from in vitro culture of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons. Four inbred lines (G1, G2, G3 and HA89), an open pollinated variety (‘Argentario’) and two hybrids with specific genetic markers were used. Cotyledons were cultured in vitro on MS medium (M urashlge and S koog 1962) containing various concentrations of kinetin and indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA). The quantitative interactions between auxin and cytokinin, the age of the cotyledons and the 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) treatments have been found to influence shoot regeneration. The plantlets, after rooting, were successfully established on soil. Qualitative variation was noted in self‐pollinated progeny of plants regenerated from culture of two inbreds. Chimerism in regenerated plants was indicated by sectoring of the genetic markers. Some culture‐induced variant phenotypes were similar to known spontaneous mutation in sunflower but others have been not yet described. Preliminary data indicate that most of them may have single‐gene recessive inheritance.
Anonymous Mail Analysis Based Postfix SMTP Mail Server With Greedy Algorithm (2016)

Anonymous mail can be analyzed to understand the characteristics of each email sent by analyzing the raw files from any email containing information about the specifications of emails sent, ranging from authentication user, subject, IP Address server machine, the computer's IP senders, from, to, and section header details more. Any email is the indication as an anonymous have specific characteristics that distinguish the legitimate email. The special characteristics form the circuit patterns, which are further identified and analyzed by the algorithm Greedy. Greedy will analyze whether the mail is anonymous or not. Analysis anonymous mail using a greedy algorithm that performed on the first mail server (vulnerable mail server) provide data that the legal category of mail as much as 13 emails (0.04%) while the number of anonymous email mail as much as 28 678 (99% more). Domination anonymous mail with a characteristic pattern cfhjmq of 99.12% indicates that the first mail server system still very vulnerable, so it's easy to do the exploitation by irresponsible people. The results of the analysis are different than the second server that has better security than the first mail server so that 100% emails are a legal.