gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone density does not reflect mechanical properties in early-stage arthrosis (2001)

Subchondral cancellous bone specimens were removed from 10 human postmortem early-stage arthrotic proximal tibiae (mean age 73 (63-81) years) and 10 age- and gender-matched normal proximal tibiae. The early-stage arthrosis was confirmed histologically and the specimens were divided into 4 groups: medial arthrosis, lateral control, normal medial and normal lateral controls. The specimens were tested in compression to determine mechanical properties and then physical/compositional properties. Compared to the normal medial control, we found reductions in ultimate stress, Young's modulus, and failure energy, and an increase in ultimate strain of arthrotic cancellous bone. Bone volume fraction, apparent density, apparent ash density, and collagen density were higher in cancellous bone with arthrosis, but no differences were found in tissue density, mineral and collagen concentrations between arthrotic cancellous bone and the 3 controls. None of the mechanical properties of arthrotic cancellous bone could be predicted by the physical/compositional properties measured. The increase in bone tissue in early-stage arthrotic cancellous bone did not make up for the loss of mechanical properties, which suggests a deterioration in the quality of arthrotic cancellous bone.
Relevance of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis animal models to human disease. (1999)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by spontaneous B and T cell autoreactivity and multiorgan immune injury including severe glomerulonephritis. This autoimmune syndrome results from a global derangement in immune regulation dependent on the interaction of complex genetic and environmental susceptibility factors. Animal models have provided a powerful tool to study disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic interventions under well-defined conditions, and bypass the barriers inherent in the study of human lupus. Classical models of spontaneous and investigator-induced murine lupus, their mutant variants, and novel transgenic and gene-targeted mutant lineages have been particularly useful. Extensive genome typing in inbred and recombinant lupus-prone strains permits mapping and characterization of multiple lupus susceptibility loci and genes and their contribution to various disease phenotypes. Murine models provide important insight into the identity of targeted self-antigens, the molecules and pathways that maintain tolerance, immune cell and cytokine interactions that promote autoimmunity, and mechanisms of renal localization and injury by immune effectors. These models reveal that multiple and independent mechanisms contribute to disease pathogenesis and provide a better understanding of the remarkable phenotypic and histopathologic heterogeneity that characterizes human SLE.
The MerR family of transcriptional regulators (2003)

The MerR family is a group of transcriptional activators with similar N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA binding regions and C-terminal effector binding regions that are specific to the effector recognised. The signature of the family is amino acid similarity in the first 100 amino acids, including a helix-turn-helix motif followed by a coiled-coil region. With increasing recognition of members of this class over the last decade, particularly with the advent of rapid bacterial genome sequencing, MerR-like regulators have been found in a wide range of bacterial genera, but not yet in archaea or eukaryotes. The few MerR-like regulators that have been studied experimentally have been shown to activate suboptimal sigma(70)-dependent promoters, in which the spacing between the -35 and -10 elements recognised by the sigma factor is greater than the optimal 17+/-1 bp. Activation of transcription is through protein-dependent DNA distortion. The majority of regulators in the family respond to environmental stimuli, such as oxidative stress, heavy metals or antibiotics. A subgroup of the family activates transcription in response to metal ions. This subgroup shows sequence similarity in the C-terminal effector binding region as well as in the N-terminal region, but it is not yet clear how metal discrimination occurs. This subgroup of MerR family regulators includes MerR itself and may have evolved to generate a variety of specific metal-responsive regulators by fine-tuning the sites of metal recognition.
Patterning of Gold Nanoparticles on DNA Self‐Assembled Scaffolds (2008)

We report a method of patterning the 1D and 2D arrays of gold nanoparticles on the DNA self‐assembled scaffolds. The 5 nm gold nanoparticle was well positioned at the center of each 4 × 4 tile motif of the DNA scaffold. The precisely located gold particles can form 1D and 2D arrays. This controllable scaffolding technology may become a promising tool for nanoscaled fabrication of electronics and photonic devices.
Regulation of alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor function by rabbit alveolar macrophages. Evidence for proteolytic rather than oxidative inactivation. (1985)

Rabbit alveolar macrophages were cultured in an environment conducive to the secretion of both reactive oxygen and proteinases, so that the relative importance of proteolytic and oxidative inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by alveolar macrophages could be evaluated. The inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was proportional to its proteolysis, and there was no detectable inactivation in the absence of proteolysis. Although the live macrophages were capable of secreting reactive oxygen, they did not inactivate alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by oxidation. The inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by proteolysis was proportional to the secretion of elastinolytic activity by the alveolar macrophages. The inability of the alveolar macrophages to oxidize alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was attributed to the methionine in the macrophages, in secreted proteins, and in the culture medium competing for oxidants. The data suggest that proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor may be important in vivo and that the methionine concentration in vivo may protect alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from significant oxidative inactivation.
Automatic Driving For Small Public Urban Vehicles (2005)

This paper presents the concept under development in France of a novel transportation system based on a fleet of small public cars under supervision from a central computer. The system involves the longitudinal control of a platoon of closely spaced vehicles, with only the first car being operated by a human driver.
Transfer diffusion. II. Kinetics of electron exchange reaction between ferrocene and ferricinium ion in alcohols (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransfer diffusion. II. Kinetics of electron exchange reaction between ferrocene and ferricinium ion in alcoholsI. Ruff, V. J. Friedrich, K. Demeter, and K. CsillagCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 21, 3303–3309Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100690a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100690a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Identification of Opossums (Didelphis virginiana) as the Putative Definitive Host of Sarcocystis neurona (1995)

Sarcocystis neurona is an apicomplexan that causes equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in North and South America. Horses appear to be an aberrant host, because the merozoites continually divide in the central nervous system, without encysting. The natural host species has not previously been identified. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSURNA) gene of S. neurona was compared to those of Sarcocystis muris, Sarcocystis cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cryptosporidium parvum to identify a unique region suitable for a species-specific amplification primer. The S. neurona SSURNA primer was used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the purpose of identifying this organism in feces and intestinal digest of wildlife specimens. Sporocysts were isolated from 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 7 skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 6 cats (Felis catus), 1 hawk (Accipiter sp.), and 1 coyote (Canis latrans). The S. neurona SSURNA PCR assay and a control PCR assay using protist-specific primers were applied to all sporocyst DNA samples. All sporocyst DNA samples tested positive on the control assay. The SSURNA PCR assay yielded a 484-bp product only when applied to opossum samples. The SSURNA gene of both opossum sporocyst samples was sequenced to determine its relationship to the S. neurona SSURNA gene. The sequence had 99.89% similarity with S. neurona. This suggests that opossums are the definitive host of S. neurona.
Structure of the N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide units of human placental beta-glucocerebrosidase. (1984)

The N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains of homogeneous human placental beta-glucocerebrosidase were released by hydrazinolysis, and their structures were analyzed. The sequence of sugars, linkage, and anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bonds were determined. Approximately 20% of the released sugar chain was of the typical high mannose type. The balance was of complex type with biantennary and triantennary structures. As a major component, the following trisialylated oligosaccharide was detected: (formula; see text).
Gamma-interferon inhibits collagen synthesis in vivo in the mouse. (1987)

Subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps into CAF1 mice resulted in the formation of thick fibrous capsules around the pumps. When pumps were loaded with recombinant murine gamma-interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) to deliver 2 X 10(3) U/h for 14 d, there was a marked decrease in thickness and collagen content of the capsules from rMuIFN-gamma-treated animals compared with capsules from animals receiving diluent alone. The collagen content of the capsules was estimated by hydroxyproline analysis of the tissue and by quantitative electron microscopy of collagen bundles. Heat-inactivated rMuIFN-gamma failed to reduce the fibrotic response in this assay. These results provide compelling evidence that gamma-interferon can down-regulate collagen synthesis in vivo and suggest the possibility that this lymphokine may be useful in the treatment of disease states characterized by excessive fibrosis.
Polyamines directly induce release of cytochrome c from heart mitochondria (2000)

Cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol represents a critical step in apoptosis, correlated to the activation of the caspase cascade. In this report, we show that addition of micromolar concentrations of polyamines to isolated rat heart mitochondria induces the release of cytochrome c. Spermine, which is effective at concentrations of 10-100 microM, is more potent than spermidine, whereas putrescine has no effect up to 1 mM. The release of cytochrome c caused by spermine is a rapid, saturable and selective process that is independent of mitochondria damage. Spermine, unlike polylysine, is able to release a discrete amount of cytochrome c from intact, functional mitochondria. The cytochrome c-releasing power of spermine is not affected by cyclosporin A, differently from the effect of permeability transition inducers. In a cardiac cell-free model of apoptosis, the latent caspase activity of cytosolic extracts from cardiomyocytes could be activated by cytochrome c released from spermine-treated heart mitochondria. These data indicate a novel mechanism of cytochrome c release from the mitochondrion, and suggest that prolonged and sustained elevation of polyamines, characteristic of some pathologies such as heart hypertrophy, could be involved in the development of apoptosis.
High hydrostatic pressure enhances whey protein digestibility to generate whey peptides that improve glutathione status in CFTR‐deficient lung epithelial cells (2006)

Whey protein isolates (WPI) may provide anti-inflammatory benefits to cystic fibrosis (CF), which could be mediated via peptides, as proteolytic digests of WPI enhance intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether high hydrostatic pressure can (i) improve the in vitro digestibility of WPI; and (ii) generate low molecular weight (< 1 kDa) peptides from WPI hydrolysates that exert GSH-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties in wild type and mutant CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) tracheal epithelial cells. Hydrostatic pressure processing enhanced the in vitro digestibility of WPI to proteolytic enzymes resulting in altered peptide profiles as assessed by CZE and GC-MS. The exposure of mutant CFTR cells to low molecular weight (< 1 kDa) peptides isolated from WPI hydrolysates exposed to pressure processing (pressurized WPI hydrolysates, pWPH), showed increased intracellular levels of reduced GSH and total GSH relative to treatment with peptides obtained from native WPI hydrolysates (nWPH). A tendency for decreased interleukin-8 secretion was associated with the pWPH and nWPH treatments in mutant CFTR cells, which was not observed in wild type cells. Hydrostatic pressure processing of whey proteins appears to enhance their impact on cellular GSH status in cells with the mutant CFTR condition.
Immunological control of toxoplasma gondii infection (2012)

Recipients of organ transplantation on immunosuppressive medications are at increased risk for developing de novo malignancies, including skin cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, in situ carcinomas of the uterine cervix, anogenital cancers, renal cell carcinoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). However, there are few case reports of germ cell tumors after organ transplantation. There are some case reports of testicular seminoma, but not mediastinal seminoma. This case report is the first description of a mediastinal seminoma that developed de novo 28 months after renal transplantation and that was initially diagnosed as PTLD. To improve outcomes of organ transplant recipients, it is important to report rare cases of malignancies arising while on immunosuppressive medications. When we detect mediastinal tumor arising after organ transplantation while on immunosuppressive therapy, diseases other than PTLD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
First- and third-order models for determining arterial compliance (1992)

A method to determine both capacitive and oscillatory compliance of the arterial vasculature was developed, and the effect of these compliance properties on the blood pressure waveform was examined.
Transfer of thin InP films onto silicon substrate by proton implantation process (2003)

We describe a new technique which allows a large dimension III-V thin film to be transferred on a full silicon wafer. The potential applications of this technology to InP are: spatial solar cells and integration of optic functions on silicon. This original process, developed at the LETI and called IMPROVE or Smart-CutR, is based on proton implantation and wafer bonding. Proton implantation enables delamination of a thin monocrystalline layer from a thick substrate to be achieved whereas the wafer bonding enables the transfer of the delaminated layer onto a second substrate. The thickness of the film to be transferred is directly determined by the hydrogen ion implantation energy. The implanted substrate can be reclaimed after transfer. Today, one of the best known applications of Smart-CutR is the Silicon On Insulator structure. The Smart-CutR process is suitable for different kinds of applications and the principle of this process can be applied to various materials (Si, SiC, GaAs, ...). Application of this process to transfer of thin InP films onto silicon is presented here.
Biophysical Analyses of Synthetic Amyloid-β(1−42) Aggregates before and after Covalent Cross-Linking. Implications for Deducing the Structure of Endogenous Amyloid-β Oligomers (2009)

A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of large numbers of senile plaques in the brain. These deposits are rich in fibrils that are composed of 40- and 42-residue amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides. Several lines of evidence indicate that soluble Abeta aggregates as well as fibrils are important in the etiology of AD. Low levels of endogenous soluble Abeta aggregates make them difficult to characterize, but several species in extracts of AD brains have been detected by gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and immunoblotting. Individual Abeta oligomers ranging in size from dimers through dodecamers of 4 kDa monomeric Abeta have been resolved in other laboratories as discrete species by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). In an effort to reconstitute soluble Abeta aggregates in vitro that resemble the endogenous soluble Abeta aggregates, we previously found that monomeric Abeta(1-42) rapidly forms soluble oligomers in the presence of dilute SDS micelles. Here we extend this work in two directions. First, we contrast the size and secondary structure of these oligomers with those of synthetic Abeta(1-42) fibrils. SEC and multiangle light scattering were used to obtain a molecular mass of 150 kDa for the isolated oligomers. The oligomers partially dissociated to monomers through nonamers when incubated with SDS, but in contrast to endogenous oligomers, we saw no evidence of these discrete species prior to SDS treatment. One hypothesis to explain this difference is that endogenous oligomers are stabilized by covalent cross-linking induced by unknown cellular agents. To explore this hypothesis, optimal mass spectrometry (MS) analysis procedures need to be developed for Abeta cross-linked in vitro. In our second series of studies, we began this process by treating monomeric and aggregated Abeta(1-42) with three cross-linking agents: transglutaminase, glutaraldehyde, and Cu(II) with peroxide. We compared the efficiency of covalent cross-linking with these agents, the effect of cross-linking on peptide secondary structure, the stability of the cross-linked structures to thermal unfolding, and the sites of peptide cross-linking obtained from proteolysis and MS.
Characterization of dark current in Ge-on-Si photodiodes (2012)

Ge-on-Si photodiodes were fabricated from germanium films grown using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. The mechanisms responsible for the dark current in these devices are studied using geometric analysis, temperature-dependent current-voltage characterization, deep level transient spectroscopy, and device modeling. It is found that an important source of leakage current is associated with the surface depletion region, which is impacted by the nature of the fixed charge at the Ge/dielectric interface. This source of leakage especially affects devices with smaller area, on the order of 10 × 10 μm2. Through a post-metallization anneal (PMA), the dark current of these devices can be reduced by ∼1000X. A similar reduction can be obtained by intentionally doping the top of the germanium film p-type. After the PMA, it is found that the dark current density of large devices is ∼1 mA/cm2, due mainly to generation of minority carriers in the depletion region of the device. The effect of reducing the threading dislocation density is also discussed.
DWDM nanophotonic interconnects: toward terabit/s chip-scale serial link (2015)

Dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) is a promising technique to increase capacity of nanophotonic interconnects for chip-scale serial links. This paper describes recent progress in DWDM nanophotonic interconnects based on silicon microring resonators, including a five-channel DWDM transmitter using a quantum dot (QD) comb laser and carrier-injection modulators, as well as self-adaptive CMOS transmitter for hybrid CMOS and photonic chips integration.
Aqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 1. Interaction of the ethylenediaminetetraacetate chelates with carboxylates. The pH dependence, ionic medium effects, and chelate structure (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous lanthanide shift reagents. 1. Interaction of the ethylenediaminetetraacetate chelates with carboxylates. The pH dependence, ionic medium effects, and chelate structureGabriel A. Elgavish and Jacques ReubenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 16, 4755–4759Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00432a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (560 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts