gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane domains by monoclonal antibodies. (1985)

The hepatocyte plasma membrane consists of three morphologically and functionally distinct domains, the sinusoidal, the lateral and the canalicular. To study the distribution of antigenic determinants among these domains, we prepared monoclonal antibodies by immunizing mice with a crude, plasma membrane-enriched liver fraction. Four monoclonal antibodies were obtained that recognized various parts of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane when tested by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assay performed on formaldehyde-fixed liver tissue. Each antibody gave a different staining pattern when analyzed by light and electron microscopy. A59 exclusively labelled the part of the sinusoidal membrane facing the sinusoids. A39 mainly labelled the sinusoidal membrane. B1 mainly labelled the lateral membrane, while the labelling by B10 was almost completely limited to the canalicular membrane. Immunoblotting showed that the antibody B1 recognized an antigen of approximately 100 kilodaltons and that B10 recognized an antigen of approximately 125 to 130 kilodaltons. These antibodies allow us to distinguish the three domains of the hepatocyte plasma membrane.
Genetic Behavior of R Factors in Vibrio cholerae (1972)

The fi(+) and fi(-) R factors are unstable in Vibrio cholerae even on selective media containing antibiotics, although a temperature-sensitive kanamycin resistance factor and its recombinants are stably maintained in V. cholerae at low temperatures.
Controlling Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-stimulated Ras Activation in Intact Cells by a Cell-permeable Peptide Mimicking Phosphorylated EGF Receptor (1996)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated Ras activation involves specific interactions between the EGF receptor (EGFR), the adaptor proteins Grb2 and Shc, and the nucleotide exchange factor Sos-1. Study and control of these protein-protein interactions in vivo can be greatly promoted by introducing intracellular reagents that mimic EGFR functions. Here, we showed that a synthetic phosphopeptide encompassing the autophosphorylation site 1068 of EGFR formed a complex with endogenous Grb2 after this peptide was delivered into intact cells by a cell-permeable peptide import technique. Consequently, this intracellular peptide inhibited EGF-induced EGFR/Grb2 associations but not EGFR/Shc or Shc/Grb2 associations. Peptide-mediated disruption of the EGF/Grb2/Sos-1 cascade led to reduced Ras activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. These results indicate that the binding of Grb2 to the phosphorylated Tyr-1068 of EGFR is crucial to the EGF-induced Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. The application of cell-permeable peptides to this study demonstrates a useful biochemical tool to probe and control various intracellular processes involved in signal transduction and gene transcription.
A Simple Method for Azido Group Reduction (1991)

Reduction of an azido group with tributyltin hydride in the presence of 2,2′ -azobisisobutyronitrile affords a simple synthesis of aminodeoxy sugars and nucleosides.
PROLONGED ACCEPTANCE OF CONCORDANT AND DISCORDANT XENOGRAFTS WITH COMBINED CD40 AND CD28 PATHWAY BLOCKADE1 (1998)

Long-term hyporesponsiveness to xenoantigen across both a concordant and discordant species barrier, measured by the stringent criterion of skin grafting, can be achieved using a noncytoablative treatment regimen.
Statistical multilayer process space coverage for at-speed test (2009)

Increasingly large process variations make selection of a set of critical paths for at-speed testing essential yet challenging. This paper proposes a novel multilayer process space coverage metric to quantitatively gauge the quality of path selection. To overcome the exponential complexity in computing such a metric, this paper reveals its relationship to a concept called order statistics for a set of correlated random variables, efficient computation of which is a hitherto open problem in the literature. This paper then develops an elegant recursive algorithm to compute the order statistics (or the metric) in provable linear time and space. With a novel data structure, the order statistics can also be incrementally updated. By employing a branch-and-bound path selection algorithm with above techniques, this paper shows that selecting an optimal set of paths for a multi-million-gate design can be performed efficiently. Compared to the state-of-the-art, experimental results show both the efficiency of our algorithms and better quality of our path selection.
Comparative tests for detection of plague antigen and antibody in experimentally infected wild rodents (1986)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with other standard tests for detection of plague (Yersinia pestis) antibody and antigen in multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha and M. natalensis) which were experimentally infected and then killed at daily intervals postinoculation. For detection of antibody in sera from M. natalensis, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA was equivalent in sensitivity to passive hemagglutination and more sensitive than the IgM ELISA and complement fixation. Antibody was first detected on postinfection day 6 by all four tests, but IgM ELISA titers had declined to undetectable levels after 8 weeks. For detection of fraction 1 Y. pestis antigen in rodent organs, the ELISA was less sensitive than fluorescent antibody but more sensitive than complement fixation or immunodiffusion. Plague fraction 1 antigen was detected in 16 of 34 bacteremic sera from M. coucha and M. natalensis. The threshold sensitivity of the ELISA was approximately 10(5) Y. pestis per ml.
Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Carcinoma (1990)

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in the American male. More than 50% of patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease and are not curable with local therapies such as radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. This cancer is hormonally dependent, and methods that interrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis have been used to treat and control the disease effectively. The role of neutralizing the adrenal androgens is controversial. Combined androgen blockade refers to treatment modalities that lower circulating serum testosterone such as bilateral orchiectomy or an LH-RH agonist and combining it with an antiandrogen. The issue at hand is to review current clinical trials addressing the concept of combined androgen blockade and to determine the feasibility of a meta-analysis.
Biogenic amine and metabolite levels in depressed patients with high versus normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical activity. (1987)

The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is often high in depressive illness. The authors studied 132 depressed patients and 80 healthy control subjects. They report a significant direct association between HPA axis activity and adrenomedullary epinephrine secretion in depressed patients. They also found that depressed patients with high HPA activity tend to have lower CSF levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a serotonin metabolite, and modestly lower levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, a metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine, than patients with normal HPA activity. These findings provide potentially important leads for understanding interactions of biogenic amine systems with HPA axis function.
Margins in breast cancer: How much is enough? (2018)

The appropriate negative margin width for women undergoing breast‐conserving surgery for both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma is controversial. This review examines the available data on the margin status for invasive breast cancer and DCIS, and highlights the similarities and differences in tumor biology and standard treatments that affect the local recurrence (LR) risk and, therefore, the optimal surgical margin. Consensus guidelines support a negative margin, defined as no ink on tumor, for invasive carcinoma treated with breast‐conserving therapy. Because of differences in the growth pattern and utilization of systemic therapy, a margin of 2 mm has been found to minimize the LR risk for women with DCIS undergoing lumpectomy and radiation therapy (RT). Wider negative margins do not improve local control for DCIS or invasive carcinoma when they are treated with lumpectomy and RT. Re‐excision for negative margins should be individualized, and the routine practice of performing additional surgery to obtain a wider negative margin is not supported by the literature. Cancer 2018;124:1335‐41 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
An Unexpected Location of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element (ACME) in a USA300-Related MRSA Strain (2011)

In methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) was initially described in USA300 (t008-ST8) where it is located downstream of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). A common health-care associated MRSA in Copenhagen, Denmark (t024-ST8) is clonally related to USA300 and is frequently PCR positive for the ACME specific arcA-gene. This study is the first to describe an ACME element upstream of the SCCmec in MRSA. By traditional SCCmec typing schemes, the SCCmec of t024-ST8 strain M1 carries SCCmec IVa, but full sequencing of the cassette revealed that the entire J3 region had no homology to published SCCmec IVa. Within the J3 region of M1 was a 1705 bp sequence only similar to a sequence in S. haemolyticus strain JCSC1435 and 2941 bps with no homology found in GenBank. In addition to the usual direct repeats (DR) at each extremity of SCCmec, M1 had two new DR between the orfX gene and the J3 region of the SCCmec. The region between the orfX DR (DR1) and DR2 contained the ccrAB4 genes. An ACME II-like element was located between DR2 and DR3. The entire 26,468 bp sequence between DR1 and DR3 was highly similar to parts of the ACME composite island of S. epidermidis strain ATCC12228. Sequencing of an ACME negative t024-ST8 strain (M299) showed that DR1 and the sequence between DR1 and DR3 was missing. The finding of a mobile ACME II-like element inserted downstream of orfX and upstream of SCCmec indicates a novel recombination between staphylococcal species.
Cloning and sequence of UK bovine rotavirus gene segment 7: marked sequence homology with simban rotavirus gene segment 8 (1983)

The genome of the UK bovine rotavirus, which consists of eleven segments of dsRNA was polyadenylated and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Complementary cDNA strands were annealed and the termini of the duplexes completed using DNA polymerase I. Full-length DNA copies of RNA segments 7, 8 and 9 were cloned into the Pst I site of pBR322 and a clone containing the entire gene 7 was identified and sequenced. Gene 7 is 1059 nucleotides in length and contains a single long open reading frame capable of coding for a protein of 317 amino-acids. The known gene product of segment 7 is a protein with an estimated molecular weight of 33,000 daltons. When the UK bovine rotavirus gene 7 sequence was compared with the published data for the homologous gene (segment 8) of the simian rotavirus SA11, it was found to be identical to it in size and the arrangement of the proposed coding and non-coding regions, and very similar in nucleotide sequence (88% homology). Most of the base changes are silent and the predicted amino-acid sequences are almost identical (96% homology).
Code-aided interference suppression for DS/CDMA communications. I. Interference suppression capability (1997)

A code-aided technique for the simultaneous suppression of narrow-band interference (NBI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) networks is proposed. This technique is based on the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) algorithm for multiuser detection. The performance of this technique against MAI has been considered previously. In this paper, its performance against NBI as well as combined NBI and MAI is addressed. Specifically, the performance of this technique against three types of narrow-band interferers, namely, multitone interferers, autoregressive (AR) interferers, and digital interferers, is analyzed. The NBI suppression performance of this method is then compared with performance bounds of the linear and nonlinear estimator-subtracter NBI suppression techniques. It is seen that this method outperforms all of the previous linear or nonlinear methods of NBI suppression, while simultaneously suppressing the MAI.
An Experimental Prime–Boost Regimen Leading to HIV Type 1-Specific Mucosal and Systemic Immunity in BALB/c Mice (1998)

Induction of mucosal as well as systemic immunity to HIV-1 is considered to have high priority in current concepts of future AIDS vaccines. Here we show that the desired immune responses can be elicited by an experimental prime-boost regimen consisting of mucosal (intragastric) application of a recombinant vaccinia virus carrying the HIV-1 env gene (vSC25), followed by parenteral (intradermal) immunization with the recombinant HIV-1 glycoprotein 160 (rgp160). Following intragastric immunization of mice with vSC25 in combination with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT), HIV-1 env-specific IgA was secreted by B cells of Peyer's patches and the lamina propria. Moreover, mucosal (intragastric and intranasal) application of vSC25 (both in presence or absence of CT) induced a long-lasting, HIV-1 env-specific systemic cytotoxic T cell response. Subsequent intradermal boosters with rgp160 led to HIV-1-specific T cell memory and serum antibodies.
Study of the valence transition in Eu-, Yb-, and Ca-substituted SmS under high pressure and some comments on other substitutions (1979)

The effect of Eu, Yb, and Ca substitution for Sm in SmS (${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{M}}_{x}^{2+}\mathrm{S}$), as well as the effect of pressure on these compounds have been investigated. The mixed compounds, which are semiconducting, show no anomaly in the lattice parameter indicative of a valence transition at ambient pressure, and high pressure is required to affect the valence change. This shows that a favorable size of the substituent alone is insufficient for promoting the valence change, and that the electronic structure of the substituent has to be right. Resistivity and volume studies under high pressure show that the pressure-induced transition is first order in ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Eu}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ and ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ for $x&lt;0.3$, in ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Yb}}_{x}\mathrm{S}$ for $x&lt;0.60$ and continuous at higher concentrations. In Eu- and Yb-substituted SmS there are two $4f$ levels; one corresponding to the Sm $4{f}^{6}$ which lies closer to the $5d$ conduction band and the Eu $4{f}^{7}$, or the Yb $4{f}^{14}$ levels which are located deep in the energy gap. In the valence transition, only the Sm $4{f}^{6}$ level is delocalized. From the present as well as earlier results on substituted SmS, three generalizations are proposed, which seem to explain the behavior of rare-earth- and Th-substituted SmS, as well as $\mathrm{Sm}{\mathrm{S}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{As}}_{x}$ compounds. To account for the first-order and continuous transitions, the presence or absence of $S$ character in the conduction band is invoked.
Identification of a Novel Internal Ribosome Entry Site in Giardiavirus That Extends to Both Sides of the Initiation Codon (2004)

In Giardia lamblia, enhanced translation of luciferase mRNA, flanked between the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and 3 '-end of giardiavirus transcript, requires the presence of the initial 264-nucleotide (nt) viral capsid-coding region. By introducing the transcripts of dicistronic viral constructs into Giardia, we demonstrated that the 264-nt downstream region alone is insufficient to function as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) without including a portion of the 5 '-UTR as well. Deletion analysis showed that efficient internal initiation requires the last 253 nts (nts 114-367) of the 5 '-UTR in combination with the downstream 264 nts. Specific mutations that disrupted the predicted secondary structural elements in either the 5 '-UTR or the 264-nt capsid-coding region completely abolished the IRES-mediated translation of downstream cistron, suggesting that the IRES activity requires the presence of these structures in both regions. Mutations that abolished translation of the first cistron did not, however, affect the IRES-mediated translation of the second cistron, indicating that this IRES-mediated translation is independent of the translation of the upstream cistron. This is, to our knowledge, the first reported identification of a viral IRES with an estimated size of 517 nts that extends to both sides of the initiation site.
Effects of the Early Administration of Enalapril on Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (1992)

Enalapril therapy started within 24 hours of the onset of acute myocardial infarction does not improve survival during the 180 days after infarction.
Design of Remarkably Simple, Yet Potent Urea-Based Inhibitors of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase) (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDesign of Remarkably Simple, Yet Potent Urea-Based Inhibitors of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II (NAALADase)Alan P. Kozikowski, Fajun Nan, Paola Conti, Jiazhong Zhang, Epolia Ramadan, Tomasz Bzdega, Barbara Wroblewska, Joseph H. Neale, Sergey Pshenichkin, and Jarda T. WroblewskiView Author Information Drug Discovery Program, Department of Neurology, and Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007, and Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 3, 298–301Publication Date (Web):January 3, 2001Publication History Received15 September 2000Published online3 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm000406mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm000406mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2628Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Urea Get e-Alerts
Adenylyl cyclase in human and bovine trabecular meshwork. (1993)

Human and bovine trabecular meshwork can be stimulated at all known activation levels of adenylyl cyclase. The human adenylyl cyclase system, especially receptor-coupled activity, is more sensitive than that of bovines. Beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation, PGE2, and vasoactive intestinal peptide may have a local physiologic function by activating adenylyl cyclase in human trabecular meshwork.
Association between thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and clinical outcome in patients with unstable angina pectoris (2003)

Decrease of fibrinolytic potential is considered to be a risk factor for arterial thrombosis. The recently described thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) attenuates fibrinolysis by cleaving of the C-terminal lysine residues from fibrin, thereby inhibiting tPA mediated plasminogen activation. The role of plasma TAFI antigen (Ag) levels and gene polymorphisms in arterial thrombosis is still not elucidated. In this prospective study, the association between plasma TAFI Ag levels and the TAFI gene polymorphisms, Ala147Thr, Thr325Ile and -438A/G, with refractory unstable angina pectoris (UAP) was determined. The study population consisted of 209 patients with UAP of whom 76 were refractory and 133 non-refractory to medical treatment. In the same study population the contribution of these polymorphisms to plasma TAFI Ag levels was determined. Plasma TAFI Ag levels were significantly higher in non-refractory patients compared to refractory patients (geometric mean 114.4 and 105.6 U/dl respectively, p=0.042). Plasma TAFI Ag levels in the lowest quartile resulted in a 2.6 fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-5.9) increased risk for refractory UAP compared to plasma TAFI Ag levels in the upper quartile. The three studied TAFI polymorphisms had an independent and additive effect on plasma TAFI Ag levels. However, no significant association between the individual TAFI polymorphisms and refractiveness was observed. In conclusion, in this study population plasma TAFI Ag levels are significantly correlated with refractiveness in patients with UAP. Furthermore, all three polymorphisms contribute independently to plasma TAFI Ag levels, but not to refractiveness.
Influenza C virus CM2 integral membrane glycoprotein is produced from a polypeptide precursor by cleavage of an internal signal sequence (1998)

The influenza C virus CM2 protein is a small glycosylated integral membrane protein (115 residues) that spans the membrane once and contains a cleavable signal sequence at its N terminus. The coding region for CM2 (CM2 ORF) is located at the C terminus of the 342-amino acid (aa) ORF of a colinear mRNA transcript derived from influenza C virus RNA segment 6. Splicing of the colinear transcript introduces a translational stop codon into the ORF and the spliced mRNA encodes the viral matrix protein (CM1) (242 aa). The mechanism of CM2 translation was investigated by using in vitro and in vivo translation of RNA transcripts. It was found that the colinear mRNA derived from influenza C virus RNA segment 6 serves as the mRNA for CM2. Furthermore, CM2 translation does not depend on any of the three in-frame methionine residues located at the beginning of CM2 ORF. Rather, CM2 is a proteolytic cleavage product of the p42 protein product encoded by the colinear mRNA: a cleavage event that involves the recognition and cleavage of an internal signal peptide presumably by signal peptidase resident in the endoplasmic reticulum. Alteration of the predicted signal peptidase cleavage site by mutagenesis blocked generation of CM2. The other polypeptide species resulting from the cleavage of p42, designated p31, contains the CM1 coding region and an additional C-terminal 17 aa (formerly the CM2 signal peptide). Protein p31, in comparison to CM1, displays characteristics of an integral membrane protein.