gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiuser Transmit Beamforming via Regularized Channel Inversion: A Large System Analysis (2008)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of multiuser transmit beamforming for the broadcast channel. We focus on transmit beamforming via regularized channel inversion and our analysis is in the large system limit where both the number of users and the number of antennas approach infinity with their ratio held constant. We derive an expression for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio in this large system limit. We then use this result to obtain a very simple expression for a locally optimal regularization parameter, that which maximizes the asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
Comparison of In-111-labeled platelets and iodinated fibrinogen for the detection of deep vein thrombosis. (1978)

Indium-111-labeled platelets and I-125 fibrinogen were administered to dogs with experimentally induced deep-vein thrombosis. The thrombus uptake of both labeled compounds was studied as a function of thrombus age. In thrombi less than 24 hr old, thrombus-to-blood ratios for In-111 platelets were about twice as great as those obtained for I-125 fibrinogen. Excellent scintiphotos were obtained with In-111 platelets. In thrombi older than 24 hr, uptake of both agents was low, but good images were still obtained with In-111 platelets. The images in this case are not of thrombi, but rather of damaged vessel wall. Indium-111-labeled platelets are superior to iodinated fibrinogen for imaging fresh thrombi, but offer no advantage for thrombi over 24 hr old.
No Evidence for Generation of Th‐2‐like MBP‐Specific T‐Cell Lines by Blockade of the Costimulatory Molecule B7‐1 (2000)

The T helper-1 (Th-1)/T helper-2 (Th-2) paradigm is relevant for the pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a shift towards a Th-2 immune response serves as treatment of the disease. In the human immune system, the factors which determine and modulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into the Th-1 or Th-2 phenotype have yet to be elucidated completely. Here, the split-well approach was used to analyse costimulatory requirements for the generation of myelin basic protein-specific T-cell subsets considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Myelin basic protein-specific T-cell lines were isolated from peripheral blood cells of healthy individuals in the presence or absence of a blockade of the costimulatory molecule B7-1, previously reported to be involved in the development of Th-1 cells. T-helper type was determined by the interferon/interleukin ratio. Blockade of B7-1 did not increase the number of Th-2-like myelin basic protein-specific T-cell lines. Thus, these data show no evidence for an influence of B7-1 blockade on the development of human myelin basic protein-specific T-cell subsets. These results have to be taken into account when discussing whether antibody-mediated B7-1 blockade might be a suitable therapy in multiple sclerosis, as demonstrated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Cu-plated through-wafer vias for AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors on Si (2009)

A robust method for creating Cu-plated through-wafer vias for AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors on Si is reported. The initial 70μm deep vias with diameters of 50μm are created by deep Si reactive ion etching, followed by pulsed Cu electroplating and mechanical polishing to planarize the metal. This is an attractive approach for increasing the effective thermal conductivity of the composite substrate for very high power device applications.
Development of Intelligent Prosthetic Ankle Joint (1st Report, Development of Linear-Type MR-Fluid Brake) (2004)

We aim to develop an intelligent prosthetic foot that has the braking system of ankle joint. Magnetorheological (MR) fluids is material that changes their rheological behavior by an applied magnetic field. A brake using MR fluid can change the braking force according to the strength of applied magnetic field. In this paper, we develop the linear brake using MR fluid for the intelligent prosthetic foot, and carry out the virtual walking experiment by the use of that brake.
The use of purified immunoglobulin in the therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection (1986)

PRINCE, GREGORY A. DDS, PHD.; HEMMING, VAL G. MD.; CHANOCK, ROBERT M. MD Author Information
Tailoring single-photon and multiphoton probabilities of a single-photon on-demand source (2002)

As typically implemented, single-photon sources cannot be made to produce single photons with high probability, while simultaneously suppressing the probability of yielding two or more photons. Because of this, single-photon sources cannot really produce single photons on demand. We describe a multiplexed system that allows the probabilities of producing one and more photons to be adjusted independently, enabling a much better approximation of a source of single photons on demand.
A Nanostructured, Scandium-Containing Polymer for Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysis in Water (2001)

A nanostructured, polymer-supported Sc(III) catalyst for heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysis in water was prepared by quantitative Sc(III) exchange of a cross-linked inverted hexagonal assembly containing sodium sulfonate groups. The material was found to catalyze Mukaiyama aldol and Mannich reactions with a syn/anti product ratio of ca. 2/1, whereas Sc(III) catalysts in solution and on amorphous polymer supports do not show any significant syn/anti diastereoselectivity under similar conditions.
Copper-Promoted Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Cross-Coupling with Boronic Acids and Derivatives (2010)

The discovery of the copper-promoted Chan-Lam coupling reaction with boronic acids more than ten years ago has greatly advanced the carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling chemistry. The N-arylation/O-arylation methodology is now a powerful new synthetic tool, made even more attractive by the mild conditions required. Significant progress has been made in expanding the scope and the applications as well as understanding the mechanism of this reaction. This review includes an examination of various C-X cross-couplings using boronic acids and their derivatives, and a survey of the mechanistic studies that have been carried out.
Comprehensive Dissection of PDGF-PDGFR Signaling Pathways in PDGFR Genetically Defined Cells (2008)

Despite the growing understanding of pdgf signaling, studies of pdgf function have encountered two major obstacles: the functional redundancy of PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta in vitro and their distinct roles in vivo. Here we used wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), MEF null for either PDGFRalpha, beta, or both to dissect PDGF-PDGFR signaling pathways. These four PDGFR genetically defined cells provided us a platform to study the relative contributions of the pathways triggered by the two PDGF receptors. They were treated with PDGF-BB and analyzed for differential gene expression, in vitro proliferation and differential response to pharmacological effects. No genes were differentially expressed in the double null cells, suggesting minimal receptor-independent signaling. Protean differentiation and proliferation pathways are commonly regulated by PDGFRalpha, PDGFRbeta and PDGFRalpha/beta while each receptor is also responsible for regulating unique signaling pathways. Furthermore, some signaling is solely modulated through heterodimeric PDGFRalpha/beta.
A Comparison of Interferon-Con1 with Natural Recombinant Interferons-α: Antiviral, Antiproliferative, and Natural Killer-Inducing Activities (1992)

The antiviral, antiproliferative, and natural killer (NK) cell activation by recombinant human interferon-consensus (IFN-Con1) has been compared with that of two other type I IFNs: IFN-alpha 2a (Roferon) and IFN-alpha 2b (Intron A). The specific activity (antiviral units/mg) of IFN-Con1 was 10-fold higher than that of the other two IFNs in the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-HeLa antiviral assay. The antiproliferative activity on a molar basis of IFN-Con1 on Daudi cells and Eskol (a human leukemic hairy cell-like cell line) was significantly greater than that of IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-alpha 2b. IFN-Con1 also enhanced or induced NK cell killing of target cells to a greater extent than that of IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-alpha 2b. However, on antiviral unit basis, the activities were similar. These results would suggest that IFN-Con1 may be more effective at lower protein concentrations in clinical applications than other available IFNs.
Creating Spatially Addressed Arrays of Planar Supported Fluid Phospholipid Membranes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCreating Spatially Addressed Arrays of Planar Supported Fluid Phospholipid MembranesPaul S. Cremer and Tinglu YangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 35, 8130–8131Publication Date (Web):August 19, 1999Publication History Received3 May 1999Published online19 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991453ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991453arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrophilicity,Lipids,Liquids,Membranes,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Biosynthetic Multitasking Facilitates Thalassospiramide Structural Diversity in Marine Bacteria (2012)

Thalassospiramides A and B are immunosuppressant cyclic lipopeptides first reported from the marine α-proteobacterium Thalassospira sp. CNJ-328. We describe here the discovery and characterization of an extended family of 14 new analogues from four Tistrella and Thalassospira isolates. These potent calpain 1 protease inhibitors belong to six structure classes in which the length and composition of the acylpeptide side chain varies extensively. Genomic sequence analysis of the thalassospiramide-producing microbes revealed related, genus-specific biosynthetic loci encoding hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthases consistent with thalassospiramide assembly. The bioinformatics analysis of the gene clusters suggests that structural diversity, which ranges from the 803.4 Da thalassospiramide C to the 1291.7 Da thalassospiramide F, results from a complex sequence of reactions involving amino acid substrate channeling and enzymatic multimodule skipping and iteration. Preliminary biochemical analysis of the N-terminal nonribosomal peptide synthetase module from the Thalassospira TtcA megasynthase supports a biosynthetic model in which in cis amino acid activation competes with in trans activation to increase the range of amino acid substrates incorporated at the N terminus.
Adenovirus Infection Triggers a Rapid, MyD88-Regulated Transcriptome Response Critical to Acute-Phase and Adaptive Immune Responses In Vivo (2006)

Nearly 50 years ago, the discovery of interferon prompted the notion that host cells innately respond to viral invasion. Since that time, technological advances have allowed this response to be extensively characterized and dissected in vitro. However, these advances have only recently been applied to highly complex, in vivo biological systems. To this end, we exploited high-titer adenovirus (Ad) vectors to globally investigate the innate immune response to nonenveloped viral infection in vivo. Our results indicated a potent cellular transcriptome response shortly after infection, with global assessments revealing significant dysregulation in approximately 15% of the measured transcripts derived from Ad vector-transduced tissue. Bioinformatics-based transcriptome analysis revealed a complex innate response to Ad infection, with induction of proinflammatory responses (and suppression of metabolism and mitochondrial genes) akin to those observed when mice are challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Despite this commonality, there were many unique aspects of the Ad-dependent transcriptome response, including the upregulation of several RNA regulatory mechanisms and apoptosis-related pathways, accompanied by the suppression of lysosomal and endocytic genes. Our results also implicated the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in these responses, prompting specific investigations into this pathway. By using MyD88KO mice, our results confirmed that Ad-induced dysregulation of five functionally related gene clusters are significantly dependent on this TLR adaptor gene. MyD88 deficiency also resulted in significantly diminished, although not abolished, adaptive and acute-phase immune responses to Ad, confirming the transcriptome data, as well as specifically identifying MyD88 as a significant Ad immunity amplifier and regulator in vivo.
Scaffold‐based approach to direct stem cell neural and cardiovascular differentiation: An analysis of physical and biochemical effects (2011)

Although stem cell therapy holds tremendous promise in tissue regeneration and disease treatment, its full potential may only be realized through the thorough understanding and capability in specifically directing stem cell fate commitment. A scaffold-based approach of imparting physical and biochemical cues appears to be a logical method in reconstructing the complex three-dimensional configuration of stem cell niches. In fact, interest in this area has gained significant momentum over the recent years. This review summarizes and evaluates the recent outcomes of studies associated with a scaffold-based approach to directing and understanding stem cell neural and cardiovascular differentiation.
Advances in analytical cellular pathology : proceedings of the First Conference of the European Society for Analytical Cellular Pathology, Schloss Elmau, F.R.G., 12-17 November 1989 (1990)

(Chapter headings not included, a full list of contents is available from the Publisher on request) SECTION 1. PART I. Specimen Preparation and Measurements. 1. Sample Preparation and Methodology (13 chapters, 57 contributors). 2. Software and Hardware Tools (9 chapters, 25 contributors). SECTION 2. 3. Cell Kinetics (5 chapters, 19 contributors). 4. Cytogenetics (9 chapters, 39 contributors). 5. Oncogenesis (3 chapters, 16 contributors). SECTION 3. 6. Immunocytochemistry (6 chapters, 17 contributors). 7. In situ Hybridization (6 chapters, 29 contributors). 8. Functional Markers (8 chapters, 29 contributors). PART 2. Applications in Diagnosis and Prognosis. 9. Gynecologic Prescreening and Cervical Cancer (11 chapters, 45 contributors). 10. Bladder and Prostate Cancer (8 chapters, 33 contributors). 11. Breast Cancer (14 chapters, 64 contributors). 12. Blood and Lymphatic System (14 chapters, 57 contributors). 13. Other Sites (19 chapters, 87 contributors). SECTION 4. 14. Radiation Effects (8 chapters, 27 contributors). 15. Drug Related Effects (11 chapters, 44 contributors). Index of Authors. Subject Index.
Genetic Evidence for Differential Coupling of Syk Family Kinases to the T-Cell Receptor: Reconstitution Studies in a ZAP-70-Deficient Jurkat T-Cell Line (1998)

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement activates multiple protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including the Src family member, Lck, and the Syk-related PTK, ZAP-70. Studies in ZAP-70-deficient humans have demonstrated that ZAP-70 plays crucial roles in T-cell activation and development. However, progress toward a detailed understanding of the regulation and function of ZAP-70 during TCR signaling has been hampered by the lack of a suitable T-cell model for biochemical and genetic analyses. In this report, we describe the isolation and phenotypic characterization of a Syk- and ZAP-70-negative somatic mutant derived from the Jurkat T-cell line. The P116 cell line displays severe defects in TCR-induced signaling functions, including protein tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and interleukin-2 promoter-driven transcription. These signaling defects were fully reversed by reintroduction of catalytically active versions of either Syk or ZAP-70 into the P116 cells. However, in contrast to ZAP-70 expression, Syk expression triggered a significant degree of cellular activation in the absence of TCR ligation. Transfection experiments with ZAP-70-Syk chimeric proteins indicated that both the amino-terminal regulatory regions and the carboxy-terminal catalytic domains of Syk and ZAP-70 contribute to the distinctive functional properties of these PTKs. These studies underscore the crucial role of ZAP-70 in TCR signaling and offer a powerful genetic model for further analyses of ZAP-70 regulation and function in T cells.
CLXXX.—ortho-Chlorodinitrotoluenes. Part III. Bases derived from 2-chloro-4 : 5-dinitrotoluene (1921)

G. T. Morgan and W. A. P. Challenor, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1921, 119, 1537 DOI: 10.1039/CT9211901537
Substituent effects on the cleavage rates of titanocene metallacyclobutanes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent effects on the cleavage rates of titanocene metallacyclobutanesWilliam C. Finch, Eric V. Anslyn, and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2406–2413Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Azithromycin Reverses Airflow Obstruction in Established Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (2005)

This case series confirms the benefit of azithromycin in not only halting, but reversing the declining lung function seen in patients with BOS. This benefit appears to be maintained over time. Low-dose macrolides offer a new and exciting therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive BOS, and further clinical and translational mechanistic studies are required.
Mice that lack activity of αvβ6- and αvβ8-integrins reproduce the abnormalities ofTgfb1- andTgfb3-null mice (2008)

The arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-binding integrins alphavbeta6 and alphavbeta8 activate latent TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta3 in vivo, but it is uncertain whether other RGD-binding integrins such as integrins alphavbeta5 and alphavbeta3 activate these TGFbeta isoforms. To define the combined role of alphavbeta6- and alphavbeta8-integrin in TGFbeta activation, we analyzed mice lacking function of both integrins by means of gene deletion and/or pharmacologic inhibition. Most Itgb6-/-;Itgb8-/- embryos die at mid-gestation; those that survive develop cleft palate-as observed in Tgfb3-/- mice. Itgb8-/- mice treated with an anti-alphavbeta6-integrin antibody develop severe autoimmunity and lack Langerhans cells-similar to Tgfb1-null mice. These results support a model in which TGFbeta3-mediated palate fusion and TGFbeta1-mediated suppression of autoimmunity and generation of Langerhans cells require integrins alphavbeta6 and alphavbeta8 but not other RGD-binding integrins as TGFbeta activators.
Cell-free Fetal DNA in Maternal Circulation after Amniocentesis (2003)

After amniocentesis, 5–20% of patients have evidence of fetal-maternal hemorrhage as indicated by increases in maternal serum α-fetoprotein (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) or by the Betke–Kleihauer test (6)(7)(8). The Betke–Kleihauer test can differentiate fetal from maternal erythrocytes by the relative resistance of hemoglobin F-containing cells to acid elution, and it is the most popular method of diagnosing and assessing the severity of fetal-maternal hemorrhage (9). The reliability of this test has been questioned, however, because numerous sources of error are associated with it (10). These sources of error possibly contribute to the wide variation in the reported incidence of fetal-maternal hemorrhage; a more accurate method of assessing fetal-maternal hemorrhage is therefore required in the clinical setting of rhesus D-negative pregnant women.

The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal serum and plasma has opened a new avenue for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and has provided a useful marker of complicated pregnancies (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). The analysis of fetal DNA in maternal serum or plasma has afforded diagnoses of fetal rhesus D status (12) and single-gene disorders (13), as well as the determination of fetal gender (14)(15). Cell-free DNA may be liberated directly from the fetal-placental interface into the maternal circulation (16), or it may be transferred into the maternal …
Electron mobility in SOS films (1978)

Mobility of electrons in various thickness thin silicon films grown on two different high-temperature pre-epitaxial growth annealed sapphire substrates was measured as a function of the depth from the Si-SiO2 interface and the gate bias voltage at-50 to 120°C temperature range. The mobility is larger for electrons in thicker SOS films and in those films grown on higher temperature pre-epitaxial growth annealed sapphire substrates. Crystal defects, edge dislocations, and deep traps are found to play major roles of limiting the mobility of electrons in thin SOS films. For very thin SOS films the surface scattering process may not be an important factor which affects the electron mobility even when the surface is strongly accumulated.