gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide-Mediated Release of Folate-Targeted Liposome Contents from Endosomal Compartments1 (1996)

An egg phosphatidylcholine-derived liposome preparation has been developed that achieves low pH-dependent cargo unloading in the absence of a pH-sensitive lipid component by use of the 30 amino acid residue peptide, EALA. This peptide adopts an amphiphilic α-helical conformation in a mildly acidic environment, and when encapsulated into neutral liposomes or covalently attached to one of its lipid components, the peptide can facilitate the release of liposome contents. Our liposomes have also been designed to be tumor cell specific by incorporation of a folate−PEG−PE lipid conjugate which allows the liposomes to enter receptor-bearing cells through the pathway of folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. In combination, these features allow for the cytoplasmic release of 20−25% of the encapsulated cargo of internalized liposomes within several hours of administration. To quantitate the extent of the cytoplasmic unloading of liposomal contents, a new methodology was developed that exploits the dramatic increase in quantum yield of propidium iodide upon binding DNA. As the internalized liposomes interact with the endosomal membranes and release their dye into the cytoplasm, a rapid increase in fluorescence is measured to yield quantitative data on the kinetics of intracellular unloading.
Novel Complex Nanostructure from Directed Assembly of Block Copolymers on Incommensurate Surface Patterns (2007)

A novel complex nanostructure, produced by the directed assembly of a block copolymer thin film on chemically patterned surfaces, is presented. The new nanostructure, which consists of cylinders oriented alternately parallel and perpendicular to the surface (see figure, a result of self-consistent field calculations), demonstrates that a judiciously designed chemical pattern may be used to fabricate a well-ordered complex nanostructure in block copolymer thin films.
Epidemiology of Acute Coccidioidomycosis with Erythema Nodosum (“San Joaquin” or “Valley Fever”) (1940)

Epidemiology of Acute Coccidioidomycosis with Erythema Nodosum ("San Joaquin" or "Valley Fever") Charles Edward Smith CopyRight*Read before the Epidemiology Section of the American Public Health Association at the Sixty-eighth Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa., October 17, 1939. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.30.6.600 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Pseudopotential theory of covalent bonding (1976)

The electronic structure of tetrahedral semiconductors is formulated on the basis of a four-orthogonalizedplane-wave (OPW) expansion of the wave functions at the center of each Jones-zone face. The band gap is found to be approximately equal to twice the magnitude of the [111] matrix element of the pseudopotential rather than the [220] matrix element or the Heine-Jones perturbation form. This confirms the dependence of the gap upon even and odd parts of the pseudopotential assumed by Phillips and Van Vechten in formulating their ionicity theory. Fitting of this gap to the optical-absorption peak ${E}_{2}$ gives values in semiquantitative agreement with the corresponding values from the empirical-pseudopotential matrix elements of Cohen and Bergstresser. Neglecting other matrix elements allows a Penn-like calculation of the dielectric constant for polar as well as homopolar semiconductors, but one which in both cases is found to vary as the inverse cube rather than the inverse square of the gap. The form for homopolar semiconductors is only consistent with the Penn formula if, as is approximately true, the gap scales inversely with the square of the bond length; in that case it is also consistent with the bond-orbital formula with the covalent energy ${V}_{2}$ equal to the [111] pseudopotential matrix element. The form for heteropolar semiconductors is inconsistent with the direct extension of the Penn formula, but is consistent with the bond-orbital model. The change in total energy under lattice shear is computed, again retaining only the [111] matrix elements. The elastic constant is found to be proportional to the derivative of the pseudopotential matrix element with respect to wave number. Use of corresponding values from pseudopotential theory gives good estimates of the elastic constants for diamond, silicon, and germanium, and suggests the correct trend for polar semiconductors. These terms which are found adequate for understanding the dielectric constant and lattice rigidity lead to a saddle point rather than a maximum in charge density at the bond center, suggesting that the bond charge should not be thought of as the origin of structural stability of tetrahedral structures. Extending the theory beyond the four-OPW model does lead to charge accumulation in the bonds and retains the structural stability, principally through the kinetic energy of the electrons confined to the Jones zone. The fundamental difference between the pseudopotential theory of covalent solids and of metals is not the inclusion of higher-order terms in the pseudopotential, but the different treatment of zero- and first-order terms analogous to degenerate perturbation theory.
Identification via location-profiling in GSM networks (2008)

As devices move within a cellular network, they register their new location with cell base stations to allow for the correct forwarding of data. We show it is possible to identify a mobile user from these records and a pre-existing location profile, based on previous movement. Two different identification processes are studied, and their performances are evaluated on real cell location traces. The best of those allows for the identification of around 80% of users. We also study the misidentified users and characterise them using hierarchical clustering techniques. Our findings highlight the difficulty of anonymizing location data, and firmly establish they are personally identifiable.
Inhibition of Melanoma Growth and Metastasis by ATF2-Derived Peptides (2004)

The resistance of melanoma to apoptosis, as well as its growth and metastasis capabilities, can be overcome by expression of a peptide derived from amino acid (aa) 51 to 100 of ATF2. Here we show that expression of ATF2((51-100)) in human melanoma cells reduced their growth in nude mice, which was additionally inhibited upon treatment with protein kinase inhibitors UCN-01 or SB203580. Injection of a fusion protein consisting of HIV-TAT and aa 51 to 100 of ATF2 into SW1 melanomas efficiently inhibits their growth and their metastasis up to complete regression. Additionally, expression of a 10aa peptide that corresponds to aa 51 to 60 of ATF2 sensitizes melanoma cells to spontaneous apoptosis, which coincides with activation of caspase 9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and inhibit their growth in vivo. The 10aa peptide increases the association of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase with c-Jun but not with ATF2, resulting in concomitant increase in TRE-mediated transcription. Our study points to mechanisms underlying the activities of the ATF2 peptide while highlighting its possible use in drug design.
The Small G Proteins of the Arf Family and Their Regulators (2007)

Small G proteins play a central role in the organization of the secretory and endocytic pathways. The majority of such small G proteins are members of the Rab family, which are anchored to the bilayer by C-terminal prenyl groups. However, the recruitment of some effectors, including vesicle coat proteins, is mediated by a second class of small G proteins that is unique in having an N-terminal amphipathic helix that becomes available for membrane insertion upon GTP binding. Sar1, Arf1, and Arf6 are the best-characterized members of this ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family. In addition, all eukaryotes contain additional distantly related G proteins, often called Arf like, or Arls. The complete Arf family in humans has 29 members. The roles of these related G proteins are poorly understood, but recent work has shown that some are involved in membrane traffic or organizing the cytoskeleton. Here we review what is known about all the members of the Arf family, along with the known regulatory molecules that convert them between GDP- and GTP-bound states.
Use of Oligonucleotide Microarrays for Rapid Detection and Serotyping of Acute Respiratory Disease-Associated Adenoviruses (2004)

The cessation of the adenovirus vaccination program for military trainees has resulted in several recent acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. In the absence of vaccination, rapid detection methods are necessary for the timely implementation of measures to prevent adenovirus transmission within military training facilities. To this end, we have combined a fluorogenic real-time multiplex PCR assay with four sets of degenerate PCR primers that target the E1A, fiber, and hexon genes with a long oligonucleotide microarray capable of identifying the most common adenovirus serotypes associated with adult respiratory tract infections (serotypes 3, 4, 7, 16, and 21) and a representative member of adenovirus subgroup C (serotype 6) that is a common cause of childhood ARD and that often persists into adulthood. Analyses with prototype strains demonstrated unique hybridization patterns for representative members of adenovirus subgroups B(1), B(2), C, and E, thus allowing serotype determination. Microarray-based sensitivity assessments revealed lower detection limits (between 1 and 100 genomic copies) for adenovirus serotype 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 cell culture lysates, clinical nasal washes, and throat swabs and purified DNA from clinical samples. When adenovirus was detected from coded clinical samples, the results obtained by this approach demonstrated an excellent concordance with those obtained by the more established method of adenovirus identification as well as by cell culture with fluorescent-antibody staining. Finally, the utility of this method was further supported by its ability to detect adenoviral coinfections, contamination, and, potentially, recombination events. Taken together, the results demonstrate the usefulness of the simple and rapid diagnostic method developed for the unequivocal identification of ARD-associated adenoviral serotypes from laboratory or clinical samples that can be completed in 1.5 to 4.0 h.
Organic host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2011)

Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) unfurl a bright future for the next generation of flat-panel displays and lighting sources due to their merit of high quantum efficiency compared with fluorescent OLEDs. This critical review focuses on small-molecular organic host materials as triplet guest emitters in PhOLEDs. At first, some typical hole and electron transport materials used in OLEDs are briefly introduced. Then the hole transport-type, electron transport-type, bipolar transport host materials and the pure-hydrocarbon compounds are comprehensively presented. The molecular design concept, molecular structures and physical properties such as triplet energy, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, thermal and morphological stabilities, and the applications of host materials in PhOLEDs are reviewed (152 references).
PSF: nuclear busy‐body or nuclear facilitator? (2015)

PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) is an abundant and essential nucleic acid-binding protein that participates in a wide range of gene regulatory processes and cellular response pathways. At the protein level, PSF consists of multiple domains, many of which remain poorly characterized. Although grouped in a family with the proteins p54nrb/NONO and PSPC1 based on sequence homology, PSF contains additional protein sequence not included in other family members. Consistently, PSF has also been implicated in functions not ascribed to p54nrb/NONO or PSPC1. Here, we provide a review of the cellular activities in which PSF has been implicated and what is known regarding the mechanisms by which PSF functions in each case. We propose that the complex domain arrangement of PSF allows for its diversity of function and integration of activities. Finally, we discuss recent evidence that individual activities of PSF can be regulated independently from one another through the activity of domain-specific co-factors.
Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K elements in germ cell and trophoblastic tumors. (1996)

Antibodies against proteins encoded by human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K family genes are consistently found in the sera of patients with classical seminoma. Furthermore, HERV-K Gag-encoded protein could be detected in corresponding tumor biopsies. Addressing questions as to the extent of HERV gene expression in biologically related lesions, we studied various testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors (GCTs), GCT precursor lesions, and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) for the presence of HERV-K gene transcripts in tissue sections. By in situ hybridization using four non-overlapping, isotopically labeled RNA probes specific for HERV-K gag and env sequences on archival tissue samples, consistent HERV-K expression of gag and env genes was found to be common to all GCTs and their testicular precursor lesions with the exception of teratomas, mature and immature, and spermatocytic seminomas. HERV-K expression was also found in malignant GTD (choriocarcinoma) but not in benign GTD (noninvasive molar pregnancy). There was no evidence for HERV-K expression in differentiated embryonal and adult tissues as well as a total of 53 tumors other than GCT or GTD. The findings point to a common molecular pathoetiology of GCT and malignant GTD, have implications for the classification of GCTs, and support the concept of carcinoma in situ as a precursor lesion common to all forms of testicular GCT.
Co‐cultivation of tumorigenic mouse melanoma cells with cells of a non‐tumorigenic subclone inhibits plasminogen activator expression by the melanoma cells (1978)

Clone B559 mouse melanoma cells are highly tumorigenic and produce plasminogen activator. Cells of clone C3471, a line obtained by continued growth of B559 cells in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine (1 microgram/ml), have no plasminogen activator and are non-tumorigenic. When B559 cells are co-cultivated with C3471 cells, the ability of B559 cells to activate plasminogen is suppressed. Under these conditions cell fusion occurs. Lack of expression of plasminogen activators is not a consequence of cell fusion, inhibition of cell division or release of soluble inhibitors of either plasminogen activators or plasmin. No inhibitors of plasminogen activators could be demonstrated in association with sub cellular fractions of C3471 cells or with the C-type viral particles released from C3471 cells. Close contact between cells of the two lines is shown to be essential for suppression of plasminogen activation.
Biomarker selection for detection of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer patients using real-time quantitative RT–PCR (2006)

Accurate identification of lymph node involvement is critical for successful treatment of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR with a specific probe and RNA copy standard for biomarker mRNA has proven very powerful for detection of disseminated tumour cells. Which properties of biomarker mRNAs are important for identification of disseminated CRC cells? Seven biomarker candidates, CEA, CEACAM1-S/L, CEACAM6, CEACAM7-1/2, MUC2, MMP7 and CK20, were compared in a test-set of lymph nodes from 51 CRC patients (Dukes' A-D) and 10 controls. Normal colon epithelial cells, primary tumours, and different immune cells were also analysed. The biomarkers were ranked according to: (1) detection of haematoxylin/eosin positive nodes, (2) detection of Dukes' A and B patients, who developed metastases during a 54 months follow-up period and (3) identification of patients with Dukes' C and D tumours using the highest value of control nodes as cutoff. The following properties appear to be of importance; (a) no expression in immune cells, (b) relatively high and constant expression in tumour tissue irrespective of Dukes' stage and (c) no or weak downregulation in tumours compared to normal tissue. CEA fulfilled these criteria best, followed by CK20 and MUC2.
An integrated architecture for signal validation in power plants (2003)

The architecture of a comprehensive signal validation system (SVS), which integrates various signal processing modules, is described. The architecture of the SVS consists of several parallel signal processing modules, with each module operating independently. The functional coordination of the modules and the decision about the overall signal status are performed by a system executive. The various techniques have been tested using pressurized water reactor plant operational data. The diversity of the modules increases the reliability of the decision about the validity of measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ganglionated plexi ablation for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (2010)

Ganglionated plexi ablation in chronic AF results in long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm in 38.2% of cases. Repeat procedures with circumferential isolation of all PV offer a success rate of 59.6% over a follow-up of 16 +/- 7 months.
Synthesis of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone III Analogs. Structure−Antitumor Activity Relationships (1997)

Following the observation that the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone III (GnRH-III) in the suppression of growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells surpasses that of GnRH and other analogs thereof, analogs of GnRH-III were synthesized to investigate the structural basis for the improved antitumor activity. Compounds synthesized include analogs with changes in the central sequence in which GnRH-III differs from GnRH and in the C- and N-terminal regions. The results indicate that a salt bridge between Asp6 and Lys8 stabilizes the active conformation of GnRH-III and show the importance of the Trp7. Replacement of the C-terminal Gly-NH2 with D-Ala-NH2 was not well tolerated, but replacement with ethylamide was. Replacement of pGlu1 with Ac-D-Trp appears to have a significantly deleterious effect on a unique conformation of GnRH-III which is responsible for its binding to the receptors on cancer cell lines and the resultant antitumor activity.
Applications of novel affinity cassette methods: use of peptide fusion handles for the purification of recombinant proteins (2001)

In this article, recent progress related to the use of different types of polypeptide fusion handles or 'tags' for the purification of recombinant proteins are critically discussed. In addition, novel aspects of the molecular cassette concept are elaborated, together with areas of potential application of these fundamental principles in molecular recognition. As evident from this review, the use of these concepts provides a powerful strategy for the high throughput isolation and purification of recombinant proteins and their derived domains, generated from functional genomic or zeomic studies, as part of the bioprocess technology leading to their commercial development, and in the study of molecular recognition phenomena per se. In addition, similar concepts can be exploited for high sensitivity analysis and detection, for the characterisation of protein bait/prey interactions at the molecular level, and for the immobilisation and directed orientation of proteins for use as biocatalysts/biosensors.
Alcohol, respiration, skin and body temperature during cold water immersion (1977)

Subjects who had not been exercising, were immersed for 20 min in water at 13 degrees C after ingestion of alcohol. During the immersion period, total ventilation, end-tidal PCO2, rectal temperature, aural temperature, and mean skin temperature were recorded. Control experiments were carried out at the same water temperature. Blood samples (3 ml), taken immediately before the immersion period, were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The mean blood alcohol level was 90+/-11.2 mg-(100 ml)-1. There was no significant difference in ventilatory responses, rectal temperatures, aural temperatures, or mean skin temperatures achieved during the two cold water immersions. It would appear that for a 20-min immersion at 13 degrees C, relatively high blood alcohol levels do not affect ventilatory responses or increase body heat losses.
Long-term follow-up study of bioactive bone cement for repairing a segmental defect in a canine femur. (2001)

We report on a 7-year long-term follow-up study of a bioactive bone cement (BA cement) that was used to repair a segmental defect in a canine femur. Bilateral femoral segmental defects were repaired with metallic implants that were fixed to the femur using two kinds of bone cement. The BA cement used in this study consists of an apatite- and wollastonite-containing glass ceramic (AW-GC) with a bis-phenol-alpha-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA)-based resin. The bone-cement interface was examined histologically. Previous short-term studies have shown that using BA cement for segmental replacement of the canine femur produced excellent biomechanical and histological results. The BA cement maintained the fixation of a metallic implant to the femur very well. In contrast, the PMMA cement did not maintain alignment under long-term weight-bearing conditions. The results of histological examinations showed direct bonding between the BA cement and bone, while an intervening soft tissue layer was observed at the bone-cement interface with the PMMA cement. The BA cement bonded to the bone through a Ca-P-rich reactive layer, which was twice as thick after 7 years than it was at 26 weeks. No adverse effects of BA cement were observed during the 7-year observation period.
Photonic crystal nanobeam lasers (2010)

Photonic crystal lasers operating at room temperature based on high Q/V nanobeam cavities have been demonstrated. We reported a large spontaneous emission factor (β∼0.97) by fitting the L-L curve with the rate equations.
Use of low-frequency electrical impedance measurements to determine phospholipid content in amniotic fluid (1996)

In this report we propose a new method for an in vitro test of the foetal lung maturity based on the measurement of the electrical conductivity of the overall amniotic fluid obtained from transabdominal amniocentesis, since this quantity can be linked to a first approximation in a very simple way to the phospholipid content. We have carried out measurements of 85 different samples of amniotic fluid as a function of gestation weeks and we have observed a pronounced change of the electrical conductivity that reflects the increase in the phospholipid concentration occurring at the end of normal pregnancies. The method could be further developed to obtain similar information on in vivo experiments by means of bioelectric impedance tomography, taking advantage of the frequency dependence of the tissue electrical impedance.
Comparison of the Surface Activity and Bulk Aggregation of Ferrocenyl Surfactants with Cationic and Anionic Headgroups (2001)

We report the synthesis and aqueous solution properties of a novel redox-active surfactant, Fc(CH2)11SO3-Na+, where Fc is ferrocene. Electrochemical oxidation of Fc to the ferrocenium cation (Fc+) reversibly transforms the anionic surfactant (Fc(CH2)11SO3-) into a zwitterionic species (Fc+(CH2)11SO3-). When dissolved at concentrations between 0.15 and 0.4 mM in aqueous solutions containing 10 mM Li2SO4, oxidation is accompanied by the reversible transformation of a solution of monomeric species of Fc(CH2)11SO3- into vesicle-like (Dh = 70 ± 8 nm, Rg/Rh = 1.0 ± 0.3) surfactant assemblies of Fc+(CH2)11SO3-. In contrast, at concentrations above 0.4 mM, oxidation reversibly transforms a solution of globular (Dh = 6 ± 2 nm) micelles into vesicle-like assemblies of Fc+(CH2)11SO3-. These various oxidation-induced changes in aggregation are reflected in the interfacial properties of this surfactant system, which are substantially different from those of ferrocenyl surfactants with cationic headgroups (Fc(CH2)11N+(CH3)3).