gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of N‐methyl‐N′'‐nitro‐n‐nitrosoguanidine‐induced methotrexate and adriamycin resistance in CHO cells by adeno‐associated virus type 2 (1990)

We studied the effects of helper-dependent parvovirus AAV [adeno-associated virus] type 2 on carcinogen-inducible resistance to methotrexate (MTX) and adriamycin (ADR) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both types of drug resistance were monitored by determination of the number of drug-resistant colonies normalized for the respective value of plating efficiency under non-selective conditions. Treatment of cells with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) drastically enhanced the frequency of resistance to MTX and ADR. By contrast, infection of cells with AAV-2 prior to treatment with MNNG markedly inhibited carcinogen-induced drug resistance. Infection by AAV alone did not exert any effect. Analysis of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene copy numbers of individual MTX-resistant clones derived from MNNG-treated and non-treated cultures revealed similar frequencies (60-80%) and amplitudes of dhfr gene amplification (2- to 8-fold) irrespective of prior AAV treatment. Hence, carcinogen-induced enhancement of MTX-resistance could reflect an increase in the frequency of dhfr gene amplification among the survivors of MNNG treatment. On the other hand, inhibition of carcinogen-inducible drug resistance by AAV suggests an interference of the virus with cellular responses to genotoxic stress, thus leading to enhanced cell killing under altered growth conditions. Possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effect of AAV and its relevance in relation to tumor chemotherapy are discussed.
2',5'-linked oligo-3'-deoxyribonucleoside phosphorothioate chimeras: thermal stability and antisense inhibition of gene expression (1997)

2',5'-Linked oligo-3'-deoxyribonucleotides bind selectively to complementary RNA but not to DNA. These oligonucleotides (ODNs) do not recognize double-stranded DNA by Hoogsteen triplex formation and the complexes formed by these ODNs with RNA are not substrates for Escherichia coli RNase H. Substitution of the 2',5'-phosphodiester backbone by phosphorothioate linkages gives 2',5'-linked oligo-3'-deoxynucleoside phosphorothioate ODNs that exhibit significantly less non-specific binding to cellular proteins or thrombin. Incorporation of a stretch of seven contiguous 3',5'-linked oligo-2'-deoxynucleoside phosphorothioate linkages in the center of 2',5'-linked ODNs (as a putative RNase H recognition site) afford chimeric antisense ODNs that retain the ability to inhibit steroid 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR) expression in cell culture.
The human cytomegalovirus UL94 open reading frame encodes a conserved herpesvirus capsid/tegument-associated virion protein that is expressed with true late kinetics (1996)

In this report, we provide a detailed characterization of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL94 gene product. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of infected cell RNA demonstrated that UL94 message was found only at late times of infection and was not synthesized in the presence of the viral DNA replication inhibitor ganciclovir. Expression of the UL94 open reading frame in vitro and in vivo yielded a protein with the predicted molecular mass of 36 kDa. A monoclonal antibody raised to a UL94-specific peptide reacted specifically with a 36-kDa protein in HCMV-infected fibroblasts. This protein was found only at late times of infection and was also present in purified HCMV virions. Fractionation of purified virions and HCMV-infected cells revealed an association of UL94 immunoreactivity with the capsid/tegument and nuclear fractions, respectively. The evolutionary conservation of UL94 protein sequence and an analysis of potential functional regions of the protein are discussed.
Automatable production of shippable bilayer chips by pin tool deposition for an ion channel measurement platform (2010)

As a step towards an automated and operator-free ion channel measurement platform we have previously demonstrated a solution formulation for artificial lipid bilayers that enabled the indefinite storage and shipping of frozen bilayer precursors. In this work, the solutions were deposited by hand. Here, we have adapted pin tools to deposit the bilayer precursor solutions onto multi-element arrays, a popular method for microarray solution deposition. The pin tools have enabled the deposited volume to be applied highly repeatably and controllably, resulting in reduction of bilayer formation times to <1 h. The pin tools are also compatible with computerized motion control platforms, enabling automated and high throughput production. We discuss these results and the prospects of this technology to produce high density bilayer arrays for high throughput measurement of ion channels incorporated into artificial bilayers.
Nucleotide sequences of switch regions of immunoglobulin C epsilon and C gamma genes and their comparison. (1982)

Immunoglobulin class switch involves a unique recombination event that takes place at the switch (s) region which is located 5' to each constant region (C) gene of the heavy (H) chain.For example, differentiation of the B lymphocyte from a p-chain producer to an €-chain producer is mediated by the switch recombination between the S, and S. regions.In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism for the switch recomb& nation, we have determined nucleotide sequences surrounding the class switch recombination sites of the C, and C,S genes and those in the 5' flanking regions of the CYz, and CS genes.The results indicate that the 5' flanking regions of all the CH genes except for the C8 gene contain the S regions which comprise tandem repetition of short unit sequences in agreement with the previous analyses of the SJ, Sy2b, S , and S, regions.Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of all the S regions revealed that length as well as nucleotide sequences of the S regions vary among different classes of the CH gene, but they share short common sequences, (G)AGCT and TGGG(G).The nucleotide sequence of the S, region is homologous to those of the other S regions in the decreasing order of the S,, So, Sy3, and (S71, S,2b, Sr2a) regions.We have compared the nucleotide sequences immediately adjacent to the recombination sites of seven rearranged genes and have always found tetranucleotides TGAG and/or TGGG, except for one case.Such tetranucleotides may constitute a part of the recognition sequence of a putative recombinase.These results provide further support for our previous proposal that the switch recombination may be facilitated by short common sequences dispersed in all the S regions.The antibody molecule contains two different polypeptide chains, light and heavy chains, each comprising the variable region which determines antigen-binding specificity and the constant region which mediate biologicd effector functions such as complement fixation.The immunoglobulin is divided into five major classes, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, and IgA, which are defined by their H' chain constituents, p, 6, y, E, and a, respectively.During differentiation of a single B lymphocyte, a given VH gene is first expressed as a part of the p chain.
Obesity and migraine (2006)

Though migraine prevalence is not associated with body mass index, attack frequency, severity, and clinical features of migraine increase with body mass index group.
3D Displays (2016)

Creating realistic three-dimensional (3D) experiences has been a very active area of research and development, and this article describes progress and what remains to be solved. A very active area of technical development has been to build displays that create the correct relationship between viewing parameters and triangulation depth cues: stereo, motion, and focus. Several disciplines are involved in the design, construction, evaluation, and use of 3D displays, but an understanding of human vision is crucial to this enterprise because in the end, the goal is to provide the desired perceptual experience for the viewer. In this article, we review research and development concerning displays that create 3D experiences. And we highlight areas in which further research and development is needed.
The InterPro database, an integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites (2001)

Signature databases are vital tools for identifying distant relationships in novel sequences and hence for inferring protein function. InterPro is an integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites, which amalgamates the efforts of the PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam and ProDom database projects. Each InterPro entry includes a functional description, annotation, literature references and links back to the relevant member database(s). Release 2.0 of InterPro (October 2000) contains over 3000 entries, representing families, domains, repeats and sites of post-translational modification encoded by a total of 6804 different regular expressions, profiles, fingerprints and Hidden Markov Models. Each InterPro entry lists all the matches against SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL (more than 1,000,000 hits from 462,500 proteins in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL). The database is accessible for text- and sequence-based searches at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/. Questions can be emailed to interhelp@ebi.ac.uk.
Regulation of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Levels in the Pancreatic B Cell* (1985)

The poor glucose-induced insulin release from single purified B cells has been attributed, in part, to the low cellular cAMP levels. The present study demonstrates that isolated B cells exhibit a markedly lower cAMP formation than B cells lodged in intact islets and suggest that this deficiency is caused by their separation from glucagon-containing A cells. cAMP levels in purified B cells are rapidly and potently elevated by glucagon from 10(-10) M on, reaching the values of islet B cells at 10(-9) M. In contrast, exogenous glucagon stimulates cAMP formation in isolated islets only from 3.10(-9) M on, suggesting that endogenously released glucagon is mainly responsible for the higher cAMP levels in islet B cells. Somatostatin counteracts glucagon-induced cAMP production in purified B cells and, therefore, has also the potential to mediate an intra-islet regulation of B cell functions. Neither insulin nor pancreatic polypeptide affect cAMP formation in pancreatic B cells. Glucose alone does not influence cAMP levels in purified B cells, but enhances glucagon-induced cAMP formation in these cells. The glucose-dependent increase in islet cAMP is therefore not considered as the nutrient-induced mediator for hormone release but as a minor amplification of the glucagon-dependent signal. Experiments on reaggregated islet cells permit the reconstruction of the events which regulate cAMP levels in isolated islets. Further support is hereby given to the hypothesis that a normal glucose-induced insulin release from intact islets requires the simultaneous synarchic participation of a nutrient-dependent and a hormone-dependent messenger system.
Genome Mapping of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Genes in ‘Peking’, PI 90763, and PI 88788 Using DNA Markers (1997)

Several sources of soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe; SCN) resistance have been identified in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; yet, the genetic basis of this economically important trait remains poorly characterized. This study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci that control disease response in three commonly used sources of SCN resistance, Using genetic markers, we analyzed three segregating soybean F 2 populations [‘Evans’ × ‘Peking’, Evans × Plant Introduction (PI) 90763, and Evans × P188788] and compared the results with those of a previous study involving PI 209332. for the Peking, PI 90763, and PI 209332 populations, races 1, 3, and 6 were used as SCN inoculum; for the PI 88788 population, only races 3 and 6 were used. To uncover putative resistance loci, F 2 DNA marker genotypes at between 63 and 99 loci in each population were contrasted with cyst indices averaged from 12 F 2:3 progeny individuals. Four independent partial SCN resistance loci were uncovered at P &lt; 0.0002 (probability per locus). One of these loci, located at the top of linkage group ‘G’ near RFLP locus C006V, was significant at P &lt; 0.0001 in all populations and races tested. Other significant loci included one near RFLP A378H at the opposite end of linkage group ‘G’ from C006V, another on linkage group ‘J’ near marker B032V‐1, and a fourth on linkage group ‘N’ near marker A280Hae‐1. Comparisons between different SCN races indicated that some of the putative resistance loci behave in a race‐specific manner. These results may serve as a resource for SCN researchers and soybean breeders by summarizing a wide range of genetic data on the soybean‐SCN interaction.
Feasibility of Wearable Sensors to Determine Gait Parameters (2011)

A wearable system that can be used in different settings to collect gait parameters on subjects with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) would allow clinicians to collect needed data of subjects outside of the laboratory setting. Mild traumatic brain injuries stem from a number of causes such as illnesses, strokes, accidents or battlefield traumas. These injuries can cause issues with everyday tasks, such as gait, and are linked with vestibular dysfunction [1]. Different wearable sensor systems were analyzed prior to starting this study along with relevant gait parameters associated with mild traumatic brain injury. To monitor gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury (cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length) a wearable sensor system was selected (APDM Opal Movement Monitor [13]) and compared against the gold standard optical tracking system (Vicon) [2]. A group of ten, 20-27 year old, healthy subjects were used to validate the APDM Movement Monitor system using the Pearson's R correlation value [35]. Subjects were asked to wear the APDM movement monitors in conjunction with the reflective markers of the Vicon system while performing three sessions of gait trials: a normal gait speed, a fast gait speed and a slow gait speed. Using the Pearson's R correlation values, cadence, torso rate of rotation, and head rate of rotation were found to be highly correlated between both systems. The Pearson's R correlations for cadence, torso rate of rotation, head rate of rotation and stride length were 0.967, 0.907, 0.942, and 0.861, respectively. These correlation values suggest the gait parameters relevant to mild traumatic brain injury are highly correlated between both the APDM Movement Monitor system and the Vicon system, and APDM's wearable sensor system was lightweight, portable and less costly than the Vicon system.
Fabrication of three-dimensional IC using `cumulatively bonded IC' (CUBIC) technology (1990)

A technology is proposed for the fabrication of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) having a large number of device layers, referred to as `cumulatively bonded IC' (CUBIC) technology wherein several thin-film devices are bonded cumulatively. The technology was used to fabricate a two-active-layer device having a bulk-Si NMOSFET lower layer and a thinned NMOSFET upper layer. The CUBIC technology, essentially a face-to-back device bonding technology, is applicable to fabricating 3D-ICs having more than three active-device layers. The process consists of two subprocesses-wafer thinning and thin-film lamination. Preferential polishing was used for wafer thinning and bump/tool contacts were used for device-to-device vertical interconnections
Enhancement of the chemical and antimicrobial properties of subtilin by site-directed mutagenesis. (1992)

Subtilin and nisin are gene-encoded antibiotic peptides that are ribosomally synthesized by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis, respectively. Gene-encoded antibiotics are unique in that their structures can be manipulated by mutagenesis of their structural genes. Although subtilin and nisin share considerable structural homology, subtilin has a greater tendency than nisin to undergo spontaneous inactivation. This inactivation is a accompanied by chemical modification of the dehydroalanine at position 5 (DHA5) with a kinetic first-order t1/2 of 0.8 days. It was hypothesized that the R group carboxyl of Glu4 in subtilin participates in the chemical modification of the adjacent DHA5. Noting that nisin has Ile at position 4, site-directed mutagenesis was used to change Glu4 of subtilin to Ile, in order to eliminate this carboxyl-group participation. The DHA5 of this mutant subtilin (E4I-subtilin) underwent modification with a t1/2 of 48 days, which is 57-fold slower than natural subtilin, and the rate of loss of biological activity dropped by a like amount. These results suggest that an intact DHA5 is critical for subtilin activity against bacterial spore outgrowth. A double mutant of subtilin, in which the DHA5 residue of E4I-subtilin was mutated to Ala was devoid of detectable inhibition against spore outgrowth. The specific activity of E4I-subtilin was 3-4-fold higher than natural subtilin, suggesting that an increase in the hydrophobicity of the N-terminal end of the molecule enhances activity. These are the first mutants of subtilin that have been reported, and E4I-subtilin is the first example of any lantibiotic whose properties have been improved by mutagenesis. In order to carry out the mutagenesis, a host-vector pair was constructed that permits a deletion replacement in which the natural subtilin gene is replaced by the mutant gene at the normal location in the chromosome. This maintains normal gene dosage and regulatory responses, as well as eliminates ambiguities caused by expression of the normal and mutant genes in the same cell.
Reinvestigation of Li2MnO3 Structure: Electron Diffraction and High Resolution TEM (2009)

The structure of Li2MnO3 was investigated by the means of X-ray and electron diffraction as well as high resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments. Extra spots are present in the Li2MnO3 electron diffraction patterns, and their origin is fully understood and explained here. They result from the existence of diffuse scattering lines observed along the c* monoclinic axis, intercepted by the Ewald’s sphere, and not from double diffraction phenomenon nor from superstructure. Furthermore, the origin of these scattering lines is due to stacking faults of the ordered lithium/manganese layers along the c-axis that were observed in images obtained using high resolution transmission electron microscopy.
THE ACRASIEAE IN NATURE. I. ISOLATION (1965)

The clonal isolation of Acrasieae from suspensions of soils or organic substrates may be accomplished by employing a dilute hay‐infusion agar medium to the surface of which pregrown bacteria have been added as a source of nutrient for the myxamoebae. The method described permits quantitative sampling of cellular slime mold populations, and it has been used by the authors in a study of the occurrence and distribution of these organisms in North and Central American forests.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Tetramer Technology: An Evaluation (2002)

Single-cell assays are currently favored to quantitate T-cell responses. Staining antigen-specific T-cells with fluorescently labeled tetrameric major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide complexes has greatly enhanced the ability to assess the cellular dynamics of an immune response at the single-cell level. This article reviews MHC tetramer technology, defining it, discussing how MHC tetramers are made, outlining the benefits of this technology, comparing and contrasting it to other methods for evaluating immune responses, and describing current applications.
γ/δ T-Cell Stimulation by Pamidronate (1999)

To the Editor: Bisphosphonates are widely used to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. As analogues of pyrophosphate they share several structural homologies with recently identified non-peptide γ...
The Lancashire telemedicine ambulance (1998)

An emergency ambulance was equipped with three video-cameras and a system for transmitting slow-scan video-pictures through a cellular telephone link to a hospital accident and emergency department. Video-pictures were trasmitted at a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels and a frame rate of 15 pictures/min. In addition, a helmet-mounted camera was used with a wireless transmission link to the ambulance and thence the hospital. Speech was transmitted by a second hand-held cellular telephone. The equipment was installed in 1996-7 and video-recordings of actual ambulance journeys were made in July 1997. The technical feasibility of the telemedicine ambulance has been demonstrated and further clinical assessment is now in progress.
AVA-Speech: A Densely Labeled Dataset of Speech Activity in Movies (2018)

Speech activity detection (or endpointing) is an important processing step for applications such as speech recognition, language identification and speaker diarization.Both audio-and vision-based approaches have been used for this task in various settings, often tailored toward end applications.However, much of the prior work reports results in synthetic settings, on taskspecific datasets, or on datasets that are not openly available.This makes it difficult to compare approaches and understand their strengths and weaknesses.In this paper, we describe a new dataset which we will release publicly containing densely labeled speech activity in YouTube videos 1 , with the goal of creating a shared, available dataset for this task.The labels in the dataset annotate three different speech activity conditions: clean speech, speech co-occurring with music, and speech cooccurring with noise, which enable analysis of model performance in more challenging conditions based on the presence of overlapping noise.We report benchmark performance numbers on AVA-Speech using off-the-shelf, state-of-the-art audio and vision models that serve as a baseline to facilitate future research.
Novel thermostable Y-family polymerases: applications for the PCR amplification of damaged or ancient DNAs (2006)

For many years, Taq polymerase has served as the stalwart enzyme in the PCR amplification of DNA. However, a major limitation of Taq is its inability to amplify damaged DNA, thereby restricting its usefulness in forensic applications. In contrast, Y-family DNA polymerases, such as Dpo4 from Sulfolobus solfataricus, can traverse a wide variety of DNA lesions. Here, we report the identification and characterization of five novel thermostable Dpo4-like enzymes from Acidianus infernus, Sulfolobus shibatae, Sulfolobus tengchongensis, Stygiolobus azoricus and Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis, as well as two recombinant chimeras that have enhanced enzymatic properties compared with the naturally occurring polymerases. The Dpo4-like polymerases are moderately processive, can substitute for Taq in PCR and can bypass DNA lesions that normally block Taq. Such properties make the Dpo4-like enzymes ideally suited for the PCR amplification of damaged DNA samples. Indeed, by using a blend of Taq and Dpo4-like enzymes, we obtained a PCR amplicon from ultraviolet-irradiated DNA that was largely unamplifyable with Taq alone. The inclusion of thermostable Dpo4-like polymerases in PCRs, therefore, augments the recovery and analysis of lesion-containing DNA samples, such as those commonly found in forensic or ancient DNA molecular applications.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice (2015)

ACE2 attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis as an anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic agent, and it might be a promising therapeutic target for IPF.
über Sultame, IV. Alkylamino‐ und Arylaminoalkansulfonsäuren sowie Arylaminobutansultame (1961)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Alkylaminen und von Guanidin mit Butansulton‐(1.4) zu 4‐Alkylamino‐butan‐sulfonsäuren‐(1) wird beschrieben Auf die gleiche Weise werden aus Sultonen Arylaminoalkansulfonsäuren hergestellt und durch Ringschluß in die entsprechenden N ‐Aryl‐sultame übergeführt.