gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Calculation and Determination of the Buttressing Effect for the Racemization of 2,2',3,3'-Tetraiodo-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Calculation and Determination of the Buttressing Effect for the Racemization of 2,2',3,3'-Tetraiodo-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenylMartin Rieger and F. H. WestheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 1, 19–28Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01157a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01157a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-dimensional inhomogeneous photonic bandgap structures based on tapered fibres (2002)

Optical resonators and filters for the light waves of 'whispering gallery' modes based on tapered fibres with periodical changes in the diameter and/or the refraction index along its length are considered. The dependence of the quality factor of optical resonators on the parameters of the fibre is obtained. The possibility of using a travelling acoustic wave propagating along the tapered fibre as well as other means for producing bandgap structures is analysed.
Induced differentiation in HT29, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (1999)

The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 displays an undifferentiated phenotype under standard growth conditions. When these cells were cultured for 21 days and then treated with forskolin, most of the cells formed brush borders on their apical surfaces. Brush border formation was inhibited by cytochalasin D but not by colchicine. Colchicine, nocodazole and taxol were found to induce differentiation and apoptosis in HT29 cells. Differentiation was characterized by flattening of the cells, formation of brush borders on apical surfaces and tight junctions between adjacent cells. Apoptosis was characterized by detachment of round cells from the cell layer, condensation of nuclear DNA and annexin V binding to cell surfaces. Treatment with colchicine or forskolin induced the association of E-cadherin to the cytoskeleton fraction of subconfluent HT29 cells. This effect was less prominent in post confluent cells. Our data indicate that microtubule-interfering agents may serve as an important tool in the study of differentiation and apoptosis in intestinal carcinoma.
Oligoribonucleotide Synthesis: The Silyl-Phosphoramidite Method (2003)

In 1968, one of us began a quest to develop a general method for the synthesis of RNA sequences. The major problems associated with the chemical assembly of ribonucleotide chains were already well established. RNA sequences are very sensitive to chemical and enzymatic degradation. Consequently, all procedures involved in the assembly of RNA chains must respect the delicacy of the assembled chain. Further, the assembly of RNA sequences is complicated by the presence of a 2′-hydroxyl group in the monomeric ribonucleosides that form the starting materials for the chemical assembly of RNA chains. The 2′-hydroxyl must be blocked (or “protected”) with a protecting group that remains stable throughout the many steps of a chain assembly yet that is labile enough to be removed at the end of chain assembly without leading to cleavage of the assembled chain. Finally, it was clear even in the late 1960s that in order to be convincing the method must be capable of producing an RNA chain of the length of a tRNA in order to overcome the inherent skepticism of chemical synthesis of RNA.
Impact of the desert pupfish,Cyprinodon macularius, andGambusia affinis affinison fauna in pond ecosystems (1980)

Effects of populations of Cyprinodon macularius Baird and Girard (desert pupfish) and Gambusia affinis affinis (Baird and Girard) on aquatic insects and zooplankton were investigated in shallow ponds clear of emergent vegetation and those planted with rice. Presence of both fish caused equivalently lower densities of beneficial insect predators, mosquitoes, and zooplankton. Except for some behavioral feeding differences, food consumption appeared to be related to the density of food organisms available. Cyprinodon macularius foraged primarily in the benthos, where it consumed chironomid midge larvae, aquatic vegetation, snails, detritus, and some zooplankton and insect predator groups; whereas, G. affinis, foraging more at the surface, consumed a diverse selection of terrestrial insects as well as chironomid midge larvae, more planktonic zooplankters, snails, and some insect predators. Cyprinodon macularius appears to be an acceptable substitute for G. affinis in mosquito control, and may be preferred in habitats harboring other native fishes due to minimal piscivorous behavior.
Identification of sequences in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene required for efficient processing and polyadenylation. (1985)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) was resected from its 3' end with BAL 31 exonuclease. Two sets of plasmids were isolated that lacked information distal to the two copies of the hexanucleotide 5'-AATAAA-3' located at the 3' end of the HSV tk gene. The presence of a simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication in each plasmid facilitated analysis of patterns of transcription in transfected Cos-1 monkey cells. Transcription analyses were performed with an S1 nuclease protection assay. Efficient processing and polyadenylation at the normal site still occurred when all sequences more than 44 or 46 base pairs (bp) downstream from the first AATAAA were removed (pTK311R/SV010 and pTK209R/SV010). Removal of an additional 7 bp (pTK312R/SV010) decreased the amount of tk mRNA processed at that normal site, and tk mRNA polyadenylated at a cryptic site within pBR322 sequences began to appear. The normal processing and polyadenylation site was not used at all when an additional 12 bp was removed (pTK314R/SV010); the small amount of tk mRNA produced was processed and polyadenylated at the cryptic pBR322 site. The region of the tk gene critical for efficient processing and polyadenylation of tk mRNA is located 20 to 38 bp downstream from the first AATAAA, distal to the polyadenylation site, and as RNA can form a stem-loop structure containing AAUAAA. Similar G + T-rich elements were located in DNA fragments which substitute efficiently for the HSV tk processing and polyadenylation signal and were not found in AATAAA-containing DNA fragments which substitute inefficiently for the HSV tk signal.
The reduction of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi by mycophagous amoebae (1985)

Two mycophagous amoebae, Saccamoeba sp. and Gephyramoeba sp., reduced the colonization of pine roots in soil by the ectomycorrhizal fungus, Rhizopogon luteolus, when added at the same time as the fungus or 2 weeks later. Another mycophagous amoeba, an unidentified leptomyxid, was unable to do so. When seedlings were grown in sterilized soil amended with different population levels of Saccamoeba, 42 and 85 amoebae g soil −1 had no effect but large reductions in root colonization by R. luteolus occurred when 430 and 860 amoebae g soil −1 were added. After 4 weeks, however, the protozoa population increased to a similarly high level in all treatments irrespective of the numbers added initially. Our results indicate that protozoa can have a large effect on the establishment of inoculated symbiotic fungi and could markedly affect the microbial composition of the rhizosphere.
Die vorzeitige Plazentalösung - eine immer häufigere Komplikation (2005)

Die vorzeitige Lösung der korrekt eingenisteten Plazenta gehört zu den häufigsten Ursachen perinataler Todesfälle. Wir können nicht hinreichend erklären, wie es zum Versagen des eigentlich bis zur kindlichen Kreislaufumstellung fest gekoppelten biologischen Systems Mutter - Plazenta - Kind kommt und warum vor allem die Häufigkeit dieses Ereignisses in den letzten Jahren drastisch zugenommen hat.
Identification and Validation of Differences in Protein Levels in Normal, Premalignant, and Malignant Lung Cells and Tissues Using High-Throughput Western Array and Immunohistochemistry (2006)

The identification of proteins, which exhibit different levels in normal, premalignant, and malignant lung cells, could improve early diagnosis and intervention. We compared the levels of proteins in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and tumorigenic HBE cells (1170-I) by high-throughput immunoblotting (PowerBlot Western Array) using 800 monoclonal antibodies. This analysis revealed that 87 proteins increased by >2-fold, and 45 proteins decreased by >2-fold, in 1170-I compared with NHBE cells. These proteins are involved in DNA synthesis and repair, cell cycle regulation, RNA transcription and degradation, translation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Conventional Western blotting using lysates of normal, immortalized, transformed, and tumorigenic HBEs and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines confirmed some of these changes. The expression of several of these proteins has been then analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 323 samples, including normal bronchial epithelium, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, dysplasias, squamous cell carcinomas, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinomas from 144 patients. The results of the immunohistochemical studies correlated with the Western blotting findings and showed gradual increases (caspase-8, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5, and p70s6K) or decrease (E-cadherin) in levels with tumor progression. These results indicate that the changes in proteins detected in this study may occur early in lung carcinogenesis and persist in lung cancer. In addition, some of the proteins detected by this approach may be novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and novel targets for chemoprevention or therapy.
[Enhancing treatment efficiency of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by regional lymphotropic therapy]. (1999)

To reduce the duration of treatment, to reduce the incidence of adverse effects, to enhance the total efficiency of chemotherapy in the complex treatment of 95 patients with different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, lymphotropic therapy was used with subcutaneous 10% isoniazid in combination with heparin, lazix or lidase. Lymphotropic therapy caused no side effects in response to isoniazid. Lymphotropic therapy was found to substantially accelerate abacillation, the cessation of intoxication symptoms, the closure of decay cavities and to reduce hospital stay by 1.0-1.5 months.
Optical digital cross-connect system using photonic switch matrices and optical amplifiers (1994)

This paper presents, for potential application to network failure restoration, an optical digital cross-connect system (DCS) which uses both a photonic switching network and an electric DCS. It is shown that a system constructed of LiNbO/sub 3/ 8/spl times/8 switch matrices and semiconductor traveling-wave optical amplifiers (TWA's) could be applied to metropolitan area networks. An experimental optical DCS system has been designed and fabricated which incorporates both LiNbO/sub 3/ switch matrices and TWA's, and with it, line-failure restoration, a fundamental operation of optical DCS, has been successfully demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A relational database of transcription factors (1990)

Recent advances in the understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation have produced an extensive body of transcriptionally-related sequence information in the biological literature, and have created a need for computing structures that organize and manage this information. The 'relational model' represents an approach that is finding increasing application in the design of biological databases. This report describes the compilation of information regarding eukaryotic transcription factors, the organization of this information into five tables, the computational applications of the resultant relational database that are of theoretical as well as experimental interest, and possible avenues of further development.
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis: Evolving Epidemiologic and Clinical Perspective (1986)

Evidence for the existence of human hepatitis agents besides HAV and HBV is compelling. Transmitted predominantly by transfusion and percutaneous inoculation, the type of NANB hepatitis encountered most frequently is epidemiologically similar to type B hepatitis. NANB hepatitis accounts for more than 90% of TAH, but can be transmitted by nonpercutaneous routes as well. Approximately 15 to 30% of sporadic hepatitis cases are attributable by serologic exclusion to NANB hepatitis agents, and, in addition, there is an epidemic form of NANB hepatitis that resembles hepatitis A epidemiologically in its transmission by the enteric route. Clinical features of the predominantly percutaneously transmitted forms of NANB hepatitis are similar to those of hepatitis B, but tend to be less severe during acute illness, on the one hand, but to lead more frequently to chronic hepatitis, on the other; 40 to 60% of patients with TAH have chronic elevations of aminotransferase activity, often in an episodic, fluctuating pattern. CAH can be identified histologically in a majority of patients with chronic NANB TAH. Despite a relatively quiescent course, progression of such chronic cases may be quite insidious; cirrhosis occurs in 10 to 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis after acute TAH. The frequency of chronic liver disease after nonpercutaneously acquired sporadic NANB hepatitis tends to be lower, on the order of 10% or less, and chronic hepatitis has not been recorded after the epidemic type of NANB hepatitis. Evidence supports the existence of an asymptomatic chronic NANB hepatitis carrier state that is several-fold more frequent than the chronic HBV carrier state. Neither viruses nor virus markers have been described that fulfill accepted criteria reproducibly for a specific causal association with NANB hepatitis; on the other hand, evidence suggests (but does not prove) the existence of two different blood-borne NANB hepatitis agents and, in addition, an enterically transmitted NANB hepatitis agent. Effective therapy for and immunoprophylaxis against NANB hepatitis are lacking. Until specific screening tests are developed, interim screening based on indirect, nonvirus-specific tests may be the only practical approach to minimizing the frequency of NANB hepatitis after transfusion. Identification of virus-specific serologic markers remains a high priority.
Radiosensitization by a Modified Nucleotide that Produces DNA Interstrand Cross-Links under Hypoxic Conditions (2006)

This paper describes the reactivity of a molecule that combines two desirable chemical processes into one molecule for the first time. Interstrand cross-links (ISCs) are an effective family of lesions produced by cytotoxic agents that target DNA. For instance, ISCs are the source of mitomycin C's cytotoxicity. Radiosensitizing agents are molecules that enhance DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation, especially under O2-deficient conditions. Phenyl selenide 1 is the first example of a modified nucleotide that can be incorporated in DNA by polymerases, which produces ISCs when DNA containing it is exposed to gamma-radiolysis under O2-deficient conditions. These experiments suggest that 1 could be useful as a novel type of radiosensitizing agent.
Automatic Adjustment of Pacing Parameters Based on Intracardiac Impedance Measurements (1990)

The selection of the parameters used for rate control is determined not only by technical feasibility, but also by patient considerations. Technical feasibility considerations include long-term stability and reliability of the sensor, as well as susceptibility to interference. The patient considerations relate to the patient's physical state, including the various physiological and pathologic conditions. The rate response must be in proportion to circulatory demand. The specificity of the rate response is of particular importance for the patient with low cardiac reserve. The development of future pacemakers aims at providing additional patient benefits, with a reduction of the effort associated with initial parameter selection and patient follow-up. This will be achieved by utilizing a better understanding of the integration of the control mechanisms for the entire cardiovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions. To support the development of the future pacemakers, we must utilize realistic multiparametric models of the cardiovascular system. These models will assist the evaluation of potential algorithms for integrating multisensor signals into a single pacing rate. The parameterization and validation of these models are important issues to be addressed. Intracardiac impedance measurements in conjunction with microprocessor controlled signal processing and improved lead technology provide a great variety of practical applications for physiological control of the pacing rate and the automatic adjustment of pacemaker parameters. The concepts of an "intelligent" pacemaker capable of automatic control in response to changes in the pacing requirements under a variety of physiological and clinical conditions are presented.
RCE photodetectors based on VCSEL structures (1999)

We have fabricated top illuminated resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) detectors by partially removing top-mirror pairs of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structure by etching. The observed maximum quantum efficiency is 73% with a spectral full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of about 1.7 nm. This particular RCE detector was fabricated by etching away 8 top-mirror pairs of a VCSEL structure, with 15.5 top-mirror pairs remaining. Spectral FWHMs as wide as 6.5 nm, with a peak efficiency of 36%, have been measured in the case of 4.5 top mirrors remaining. An increase in the 3-dB detector bandwidth up to 2.8 GHz is observed by reducing the active device diameter from 90 to 20 μm.
Roles of ABF1, NPL3, and YCL54 in silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

A sensitized genetic screen was carried out to identify essential genes involved in silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This screen identified temperature-sensitive alleles of ORC2 and ORC5, as described elsewhere, and ABF1, NPL3, and YCL54, as described here. Alleles of ABF1 that caused silencing defects provided the genetic proof of Abflp's role in silencing. The roles of Npl3p and Ycl54p are less clear. These proteins did not act exclusively through any one of the three protein binding sites of the HMR-E silencer. Unlike the orc2, orc5, and abf1 mutations that were isolated in the same (or a similar) screen for silencing mutants, neither temperature-sensitive mutation in NPL3 or YCL54 caused overt replication defects.
Assessing the blood pressure waveform of the carotid artery using an ultrasound image processing method (2016)

The results of this study suggest that consecutive sonograms of the carotid artery can be used for estimating a blood pressure waveform. We believe that our results promote a noninvasive technique for clinical applications that overcomes the reproducibility problems of common carotid artery tonometry with technical and anatomical causes.
Sources and Functions of Extracellular Small RNAs in Human Circulation (2016)

Various biotypes of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) have been detected in human circulation, including microRNAs, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNA, and yRNA fragments. These extracellular sRNAs (ex-sRNAs) are packaged and secreted by many different cell types. Ex-sRNAs exhibit differences in abundance in several disease states and have, therefore, been proposed for use as effective biomarkers. Furthermore, exosome-borne ex-sRNAs have been reported to elicit physiological responses in acceptor cells. Exogenous ex-sRNAs derived from diet (most prominently from plants) and microorganisms have also been reported in human blood. Essential issues that remain to be conclusively addressed concern the (a) presence and sources of exogenous ex-sRNAs in human bodily fluids, (b) detection and measurement of ex-sRNAs in human circulation, (c) selectivity of ex-sRNA export and import, (d) sensitivity and specificity of ex-sRNA delivery to cellular targets, and (e) cell-, tissue-, organ-, and organism-wide impacts of ex-sRNA-mediated cell-to-cell communication. We survey the present state of knowledge of most of these issues in this review.
Algebraic tools to build modulation schemes for fading channels (1997)

A unified framework is presented in order to build lattice constellations matched to both the Rayleigh fading channel and the Gaussian channel. The method encompasses the situations where the interleaving is done on the real components or on two-dimensional signals. In the latter case, a simple construction of lattices congruent to the densest binary lattices with respect to the Euclidean distance is proposed. It generalizes, in a sense to be clarified later, the structural construction proposed by Forney (1991). These constellations are next combined with coset codes. The partitioning rules and the gain formula are similar to those used for the Gaussian channel.
RAPT1, a mammalian homolog of yeast Tor, interacts with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex. (1994)

Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressant that blocks the G1/S transition in antigen-activated T cells and in yeast. The similar effects of rapamycin in animal cells and yeast suggest that the biochemical steps affected by rapamycin are conserved. Using a two-hybrid system we isolated mammalian clones that interact with the human FK506/rapamycin-binding protein (FKBP12) in the presence of rapamycin. Specific interactors, designated RAPT1, encode overlapping sequences homologous to yeast Tor, a putative novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. A region of 133 amino acids of RAPT1 is sufficient for binding to the FKBP12/rapamycin complex. The corresponding region in yeast Tor contains the serine residue that when mutated to arginine confers resistance to rapamycin. Introduction of this mutation into RAPT1 abolishes its interaction with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex.
The use of cone-shaped kernels for generalized time-frequency representations of nonstationary signals (1990)

Generalized time-frequency representations (GTFRs) which use cone-shaped kernels for nonstationary signal analysis are presented. The cone-shaped kernels are formulated for the GTFRs to produce good resolution simultaneously in time and frequency. Specifically, for a GTFR with a cone-shaped kernel, finite time support is maintained in the time dimension along with an enhanced spectrum in the frequency dimension, and the cross-terms are smoothed out. Experimental results on simulated data and real speech show the advantages of the GTFRs with the cone-shaped kernels through comparisons to the spectrogram and the pseudo-Wigner distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>