gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Vaccinia Virus Morphogenesis: Phosphorylation of the A14L and A17L Membrane Proteins and C-Terminal Truncation of the A17L Protein Are Dependent on the F10L Kinase (1999)

This study focused on three vaccinia virus-encoded proteins that participate in early steps of virion morphogenesis: the A17L and A14L membrane proteins and the F10L protein kinase. We found that (i) the A17L protein was cleaved at or near an AGX consensus motif at amino acid 185, thereby removing its acidic C terminus; (ii) the nontruncated form was associated with immature virions, but only the C-terminal truncated protein was present in mature virions; (iii) the nontruncated form of the A17L protein was phosphorylated on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, whereas the truncated form was unphosphorylated; (iv) nontruncated and truncated forms of the A17L protein existed in a complex with the A14L membrane protein; (v) C-terminal cleavage of the A17L protein and phosphorylation of the A17L and A14L proteins failed to occur in cells infected with a F10L kinase mutant at the nonpermissive temperature; and (vi) the F10L kinase was the only viral late protein that was necessary for phosphorylation of the A17L protein, whereas additional proteins were needed for C-terminal cleavage. We suggest that phosphorylation of the A17L and A14L proteins is mediated by the F10L kinase and is required to form the membranes associated with immature virions. Removal of phosphates and the A17L acidic C-terminal peptide occur during the transition to mature virions.
Lipid Bilayer Formation by Contacting Monolayers in a Microfluidic Device for Membrane Protein Analysis (2006)

Artificial planar lipid bilayers are a powerful tool for the functional study of membrane proteins, yet they have not been widely used due to their low stability and reproducibility. This paper describes an accessible method to form a planar lipid bilayer, simply by contacting two monolayers assembled at the interface between water and organic solvent in a microfluidic chip. The membrane of an organic solvent containing phospholipids at the interface was confirmed to be a bilayer by the capacitance measurement and by measuring the ion channel signal from reconstituted antibiotic peptides. We present two different designs for bilayer formation. One equips two circular wells connected, in which the water/solvent/water interface was formed by simply injecting a water droplet into each well. Another equips the cross-shaped microfluidic channel. In the latter design, formation of the interface at the sectional area was controlled by external syringe pumps. Both methods are extremely simple and reproducible, especially in microdevices, and will lead to automation and multiple bilayer formation for the high-throughput screening of membrane transport in physiological and pharmaceutical studies.
Association of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines--laboratory animals study. (1983)

The interactions of HB vaccine with other vaccines was studied according to a plan of simultaneous injections on animals in order to ascertain if it would be possible to include HB vaccine in the expanded programmes of vaccination in children in Africa. Investigations were made to discover if the immunogenicity of each vaccine, injected simultaneously with the Hepatitis B vaccine, was at least equal to its immunogenicity when injected alone. The vaccines studied in association with Hepatitis B were: BCG, DPT-Polio or DPT Measles, and Yellow Fever Vaccines.
Total synthesis of FK506 and an FKBP probe reagent, [C(8),C(9)-13C2]-FK506 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of FK506 and an FKBP probe reagent, [C(8),C(9)-13C2]-FK506Masashi Nakatsuka, John A. Ragan, Tarek Sammakia, David B. Smith, David E. Uehling, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 14, 5583–5601Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00170a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00170a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5395Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC β‐HYDROXY AMINES BY ENANTIOSELECTIVE N‐OXIDE FORMATION (1984)

Abstract Aus dem Aminoalkohol (I) erhält man bei der optisch induzierten Oxidation (Katalyse durch (+)‐Diisopropyltartrat, (+)‐DIPT) neben dem (R)‐Alkohol (III) das entsprechende (S)‐N‐Oxid (IV).
Subatmospheric Pressure Dressings in the Temporary Treatment of Soft Tissue Injuries Associated With Type III Open Tibial Shaft Fractures in Children (2006)

A reduction in the need for major soft tissue coverage procedures with the use of negative-pressure dressings in this setting should result in decreased morbidity for these patients and in decreased social and financial costs.
Definition of the Lectin-like Properties of the Molecular Chaperone, Calreticulin, and Demonstration of Its Copurification with Endomannosidase from Rat Liver Golgi (1996)

Calreticulin was identified by immunochemical and sequence analyses to be the higher molecular mass (60 kDa) component of the polypeptide doublet previously observed in a rat liver Golgi endomannosidase preparation obtained by chromatography on a Glc alpha 1 --> 3Man-containing matrix. The affinity for this saccharide ligand, which paralleled that of endomannosidase and was also observed with purified rat liver calreticulin, suggested that this chaperone has lectin-like binding properties. Studies carried out with immobilized calreticulin and a series of radiolabeled oligosaccharides derived from N-linked carbohydrate units revealed that interactions with this protein were limited to monoglucosylated polymannose components. Although optimal binding occurred with Glc1Man9GlcNAc, substantial interaction with calreticulin was retained after sequential trimming of the polymannose portion down to the Glc1Man5GlcNAc stage. The alpha 1 --> 6-mannose branch point of the oligosaccharide core, however, appeared to be essential for recognition as Glc1Man4GlcNAc did not interact with the calreticulin. The carbohydrate-peptide linkage region had no discernible influence on binding as monoglucosylated oligosaccharides in N-glycosidic linkage interacted with the chaperone to the same extent as in their unconjugated state. The immobilized calreticulin proved to be a highly effective tool for sorting out monoglucosylated polymannose oligosaccharides or glycopeptides from complex mixtures of processing intermediates. The copurification of calreticulin and endomannosidase from a Golgi fraction in comparable amounts and the strikingly similar saccharide specificities of the chaperone and the processing enzyme have suggested a tentative model for the dissociation through glucose removal of calreticulin-glycoprotein complexes in a post-endoplasmic reticulum locale; in this scheme, deglucosylation would be brought about by the action of endomannosidase rather than glucosidase II.
Circadian Oscillations of Cytosolic and Chloroplastic Free Calcium in Plants (1995)

Tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, expressing a transgene for the calcium-sensitive luminescent protein apoaequorin, revealed circadian oscillations in free cytosolic calcium that can be phase-shifted by light-dark signals. When apoaequorin was targeted to the chloroplast, circadian chloroplast calcium rhythms were likewise observed after transfer of the seedlings to constant darkness. Circadian oscillations in free calcium concentrations can be expected to control many calcium-dependent enzymes and processes accounting for circadian outputs. Regulation of calcium flux is therefore fundamental to the organization of circadian systems.
Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting devices (2010)

Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting devices (QD-LEDs) have generated considerable interest for applications such as thin film displays with improved color saturation and white lighting with a high color rendering index (CRI). We review the key advantages of using quantum dots (QDs) in display and lighting applications, including their color purity, solution processability, and stability. After highlighting the main developments in QD-LED technology in the past 15 years, we describe the three mechanisms for exciting QDs - optical excitation, Förster energy transfer, and direct charge injection - that have been leveraged to create QD-LEDs. We outline the challenges facing QD-LED development, such as QD charging and QD luminescence quenching in QD thin films. We describe how optical downconversion schemes have enabled researchers to overcome these challenges and develop commercial lighting products that incorporate QDs to achieve desirable color temperature and a high CRI while maintaining efficiencies comparable to inorganic white LEDs (>65 lumens per Watt). We conclude by discussing some current directions in QD research that focus on achieving higher efficiency and air-stable QD-LEDs using electrical excitation of the luminescent QDs.
Learning Defect Identified in Brain (1996)

Science in CanadaResearchers who study learning disabilities have known for years that many children who lag behind in language or reading skills have trouble distinguishing between certain spoken syllables known as phonemes. Now, a report on [page 971][1] describes what may be a biological basis of that problem: in at least some of these children the brain's auditory system simply doesn't recognize the syllables as different. The finding dovetails with the recent discovery that computer games designed to teach language-impaired children to distinguish between certain rapidly delivered sounds can boost their language skills, and may lead to ways to identify those children who would benefit from such training methods.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.273.5277.971
Human cDNA clones for four species of G alpha s signal transduction protein. (1986)

lambda gt11 cDNA libraries derived from human brain were screened with oligonucleotide probes for recombinants that code for alpha subunits of G signal transduction proteins. Eleven alpha s clones were detected with both probes and characterized. Four types of alpha s cDNA were cloned that differ in nucleotide sequence in the region that corresponds to amino acid residues 71-88. The clones differ in the codon for alpha s amino acid residue 71 (glutamic acid or aspartic acid), the presence or absence of codons for the next 15 amino acid residues, and the presence or absence of an adjacent serine residue. S1 nuclease protection experiments revealed at least two forms of alpha s mRNA. A mechanism for generating four species of alpha s mRNA by alternative splicing of precursor RNA is proposed.
Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity by CTLA-4 Blockade (1996)

One reason for the poor immunogenicity of many tumors may be that they cannot provide signals for CD28-mediated costimulation necessary to fully activate T cells. It has recently become apparent that CTLA-4, a second counterreceptor for the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, is a negative regulator of T cell activation. Here, in vivo administration of antibodies to CTLA-4 resulted in the rejection of tumors, including preestablished tumors. Furthermore, this rejection resulted in immunity to a secondary exposure to tumor cells. These results suggest that blockade of the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4 can allow for, and potentiate, effective immune responses against tumor cells.
Bangladesh (2006)

India's Maurya Empire established Buddhism in Bengal (Bangla) in the 3rd century BC. Te Buddhist Pala Dynasty ruled Bengal and Bihar independently from 750 AD, exporting Buddhism to Tibet. Hinduism regained dominance under the Sena Dynasty in the 11th century until the Muslim invasions in 1203–04. Rule from Delhi was broken in the 14th century by local Bengali kings. Te Afghan adventurer Sher Shah conquered Bengal in 1539 and defeated the Mughal Emperor Humayun, creating an extensive administrative empire in North India. However, Mughal power was re-established by Akbar in 1576.
Periostin promotes a fibroblastic lineage pathway in atrioventricular valve progenitor cells (2009)

Differentiation of prevalvular mesenchyme into valve fibroblasts is an integral step towards the development of functionally mature cardiac valves. Although clinically relevant, little is known regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process proceeds. Genes that are regulated in a spatio-temporal pattern during valve remodeling are candidates for affecting this differentiation process. Based on its expression pattern, we have focused our studies on the role of the matricellular gene, periostin, in regulating the differentiation of cushion mesenchymal cells into valve fibroblasts. Herein, we demonstrate that periostin expression is coincident with and regulates type I collagen protein production, a major component of mature valve tissue. Adenoviral-mediated knock-down of periostin in atrioventricular mesenchyme resulted in a decrease in collagen I protein expression and aberrant induction of myocyte markers indicating an alteration in AV mesenchyme differentiation. In vitro analyses using a novel "cardiotube" assay further demonstrated that expression of periostin regulates lineage commitment of valve precursor cells. In these cells, expression of periostin and collagen I are regulated, in part, by TGFbeta-3. We further demonstrate that TGFbeta-3, through a periostin/collagen pathway, enhances the viscoelastic properties of AV cushion tissue surface tension and plays a crucial role in regulating valve remodeling. Thus, data presented here demonstrate that periostin, a TGFbeta-3 responsive gene, functions as a crucial mediator of chick AV valve maturation via promoting mesenchymal-to-fibroblast differentiation while blocking differentiation of alternative cell types (myocytes).
Sequence-Specific Label-Free DNA Sensors Based on Silicon Nanowires (2004)

Highly sensitive and sequence-specific DNA sensors were fabricated based on silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with single stranded (ss) probe DNA molecules covalently immobilized on the nanowire surfaces. Label-free complementary (target) ss-DNA in sample solutions were recognized when the target DNA was hybridized with the probe DNA attached on the SiNW surfaces, producing a change of the conductance of the SiNWs. For a 12-mer oligonucletide probe, 25 pM of target DNA in solution was detected easily (signal/noise ratio > 6), whereas 12-mers with one base mismatch did not produce a signal above the background noise.
Clinical Trial Evidence Supporting FDA Approval of Novel Therapeutic Agents, 2005-2012 (2014)

The quality of clinical trial evidence used by the FDA as the basis for recent approvals of novel therapeutic agents varied widely across indications. This variation has important implications for patients and physicians as they make decisions about the use of newly approved therapeutic agents.
Detection of inspiratory flow limitation during sleep by computer assisted respiratory inductive plethysmography (2000)

The potential of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) to detect inspiratory flow limitation during sleep was investigated. Sixteen sleep apnoea patients underwent polysomnography. Airflow by a flowmeter attached to a nasal mask, oesophageal and mask pressure were recorded along with calibrated RIP. Presence of inspiratory flow limitation was defined by constant or decreasing flow without pressure dependence throughout significant portions of inspiration, its absence by a linear or mildly alinear pressure:airflow relationship. Based on this standard, three of various computerized RIP derived parameters, with highest performance to detect flow limitation, were identified. They were combined to an inspiratory flow limitation, (IFL)-Index(RIP), which was validated prospectively in another 10 sleep apnoea patients. RIP derived fractional inspiratory time, peak to mean inspiratory flow ratio, and ribcage contribution to tidal volume had the highest accuracy to detect flow limitation (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves 0.81, 0.76, 0.76, respectively, 160 comparisons). Prospective validation revealed an area under the ROC curve for the IFL-Index(RIP) to detect flow limitation of 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.93, 200 comparisons) with sensitivity and specificity at the point of equality of 80%. It is concluded that inspiratory flow limitation may be assessed by computer assisted analysis of respiratory inductive plethysmography derived breathing patterns with clinically acceptable accuracy.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Eight-Membered Ring Cystine Knot-Containing Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonists (2003)

TGF-beta family proteins with a cystine knot motif serve as ligands for diverse families of plasma membrane receptors. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists represent a subgroup of these proteins, some of which bind BMPs and antagonize their actions during development and morphogenesis. Availability of completed genome sequences from diverse organisms allows bioinformatic analysis of the evolution of BMP antagonists and facilitates their classification. Using a regular expression algorithm (http://BioRegEx.stanford.edu), an exhaustive search of the human genome identified all cystine knot-containing BMP antagonists. Based on the size of the cystine ring, these proteins were divided into three subfamilies: CAN (eight-membered ring), twisted gastrulation (nine-membered ring), as well as chordin and noggin (10-membered ring). The CAN family can be divided further into four subgroups based on a conserved arrangement of additional cysteine residues-gremlin and PRDC, cerberus and coco, and DAN, together with USAG-1 and sclerostin. We searched for orthologs of human BMP antagonists in the genomes of model organisms and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship. New human paralogs were identified together with the verification of orthologous relationships of known genes. We also discuss the physiological roles of the CAN subfamily of BMP antagonists and the associated genetic defects. Based on the known three-dimensional structure of key cystine knot proteins, we postulated disulfide bondings for eight-membered ring BMP antagonists to predict their potential folding and dimerization.
A New Mechanism of Inactivation of the INK4/ARF Locus (2006)

The INK4/ARF locus encodes three tumor suppressors, p15(INK4b), p16(INK4a) and ARF, which together constitute one of the main anti-oncogenic defenses of mammalian organisms. The activity of these tumor suppressors depends mostly on the transcriptional status of the locus. Recently, we have identified a conserved DNA element with the capacity to regulate the locus in a global manner. Inactivation of this element, which we have named RD(INK4/ARF), results in the silencing of the entire INK4/ARF locus. Interestingly, RD(INK4/ARF) is both a transcriptional regulatory element and a replication origin. The replication protein Cdc6 binds to RD(INK4/ARF) and is able to recruit histone deacetylases that, in turn, result in the heterochromatinization and repression of the INK4/ARF locus. This model has striking parallelisms with the silencing of the yeast mating-type loci, and it is a novel oncogenic mechanism that connects the replication machinery with the inactivation of tumor suppressors.
Function of the c‐Myc oncoprotein (1992)

The c-Myc protein, the product of the c-myc proto-oncogene, is a nuclear phosphoprotein with DNA binding properties. Deregulated c-myc expression participates in the development of experimentally induced tumors, and its expression appears to be abnormal in many naturally occurring malignancies. Although the precise molecular mechanism of c-Myc activity in oncogenesis and in normal cell proliferation is unknown, recent advances have uncovered a series of molecular and cellular properties of c-Myc. These properties include nuclear localization, transcriptional activation, oligomerization nonspecific and specific DNA binding. Recently, the c-Myc protein was found to heterodimerize with Max, a protein that cooperates with c-Myc to bind specifically to a core DNA sequence, CAC(G/A)TG. These characteristics suggest that c-Myc participates in the regulation of gene transcription in normal and neoplastic cells.
New developments in the management of moderate-to-severe hemophilia B (2016)

Hemophilia B is an X-linked genetic deficiency of coagulation factor IX (FIX) activity associated with recurrent deep tissue and joint bleeding that may lead to long-term disability. FIX replacement therapy using plasma-derived protein or recombinant protein has significantly reduced bleeding and disability from hemophilia B, particularly when used in a prophylactic fashion. Although modern factor replacement has excellent efficacy and safety, barriers to the broader use of prophylaxis remain, including the need for intravenous (IV) access, frequent dosing, variability in individual pharmacokinetics, and cost. To overcome the requirement for frequent factor dosing, novel forms of recombinant FIX have been developed that possess extended terminal half-lives. Two of these products (FIXFc and rIX-FP) represent fusion proteins with the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc domain and albumin, respectively, resulting in proteins that are recycled in vivo by the neonatal Fc receptor. The third product has undergone site-specific PEGylation on the activation peptide of FIX, similarly resulting in a long-lived FIX form. Clinical trials in previously treated hemophilia B patients have demonstrated excellent efficacy and confirmed less-frequent dosing requirements for the extended half-life forms. However, gaps in knowledge remain with regard to the risk of inhibitor formation and allergic reactions in previously untreated patient populations, safety in elderly patients with hemophilia, effects on in vivo FIX distribution, and cost-effectiveness. Additional strategies designed to rebalance hemostasis in hemophilia patients include monoclonal-antibody-mediated inhibition of tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity and siRNA-mediated reduction in antithrombin expression by the liver. Both of these approaches are long acting and potentially involve subcutaneous administration of the drug. In this review, we will discuss the biology of FIX, the evolution of FIX replacement therapy, the emerging FIX products possessing extended half-lives, and novel "rebalancing" approaches to hemophilia therapy.