gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Detection for Surface Cracks of Corn Kernel Based on Computer Vision (2007)

Surface cracks detection of corn kernel has been studied based on BP neural network segmentation of surface color characteristics and morphology algorithm. The seeds of NongDa-4967 and NongDa-3138 (two novel varieties of corn developed by China Agricultural University) were taken as research objectives. Firstly, binary image including the information of cracks, boundary and non-cracks were obtained by horizontal and vertical Sobel operators. Subsequently, by analyzing the color characteristics, a BP neural network model with three layers was built, R, G, B color components were the inputs of the network, and the outputs were background, corn kernel tip cap and other parts. The tip point of the kernel could be identified from the kernel tip cap. And a majority of non-cracks information was eliminated by subtracting a circular area with the tip point as the center. Finally, according to the crack lengths and positions, the crack was extracted, and the lengths were calculated. An experiment has been carried out with 80 kernels with cracks and 80 kernels without cracks selected from NongDa-4967 and NongDa-3138 respectively. The identification results showed that the surface cracks detection of corn kernels could be realized and the detecting accuracy was 92.5% and 88.8%.
Two Functional Epitopes of Pigment Epithelial–Derived Factor Block Angiogenesis and Induce Differentiation in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF), an angiogenesis inhibitor with neurotrophic properties, balances angiogenesis in the eye and blocks tumor progression. Its neurotrophic function and the ability to block vascular leakage is replicated by the PEDF 44-mer peptide (residues 58-101). We analyzed PEDFs' three-dimensional structure and identified a potential receptor-binding surface. Seeking PEDF-based antiangiogenic agents we generated and tested peptides representing the middle and lower regions of this surface. We identified previously unknown antiangiogenic epitopes consisting of the 34-mer (residues 24-57) and a shorter proximal peptide (TGA, residues 16-26) with the critical stretch L19VEEED24 and a fragment within the 44-mer (ERT, residues 78-94), which retained neurotrophic activity. The 34-mer and TGA, but not the 44-mer reproduced PEDF angioinhibitory signals hinged on c-jun-NH2-kinase-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cell deactivation and caused apoptosis. Conversely, the ERT, but not the 34-mer/TGA induced neuronal differentiation. For the 44-mer/ERT, we showed a novel ability to cause neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer cells. PEDF and the peptides bound endothelial and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Bound peptides were displaced by PEDF, but not by each other, suggesting multiple receptors. PEDF and its active fragments blocked tumor formation when conditionally expressed by PC-3 cells. The 34- and 44-mer used distinct mechanisms: the 34-mer acted on endothelial cells, blocked angiogenesis, and induced apoptosis whereas 44-mer prompted neuroendocrine differentiation in cancer cells. Our results map active regions for the two PEDF functions, signaling via distinct receptors, identify candidate peptides, and provide their mechanism of action for future development of PEDF-based tumor therapies.
A Comparison of Heterocyclic Systems with Benzene. VI. Quinones of the Quinoline and Isoquinoline Series (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Comparison of Heterocyclic Systems with Benzene. VI. Quinones of the Quinoline and Isoquinoline SeriesLouis F. Fieser and Elmore L. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 10, 1840–1844Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01313a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01313a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (2019)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has now been used in human fertility centers for a decade. To this end, diagnostic analysis is conducted on polar bodies or single blastomeres from biopsied embryos before the embryos are transferred, allowing the selection of normal embryos before a pregnancy has been established. Advances in technology available for PGD are described, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), interphase chromosome conversion, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, and whole genome amplification. These techniques support the diagnosis of a number of diseases at the single-cell level.
CD99 expressed on human mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells is involved in transendothelial migration (2006)

Hematopoietic progenitor cell trafficking is an important phenomenon throughout life. It is thought to occur in sequential steps, similar to what has been described for mature leukocytes. Molecular actors have been identified for each step of leukocyte migration; recently, CD99 was shown to play a part during transendothelial migration. We explored the expression and role of CD99 on human hematopoietic progenitors. We demonstrate that (1) CD34+ cells express CD99, albeit with various intensities; (2) subsets of CD34+ cells with high or low levels of CD99 expression produce different numbers of erythroid, natural killer (NK), or dendritic cells in the in vitro differentiation assays; (3) the level of CD99 expression is related to the ability to differentiate toward B cells; (4) CD34+ cells that migrate through an endothelial monolayer in response to SDF-1alpha and SCF display the highest level of CD99 expression; (5) binding of a neutralizing antibody to CD99 partially inhibits transendothelial migration of CD34+ progenitors in an in vitro assay; and (6) binding of a neutralizing antibody to CD99 reduces homing of CD34+ progenitors xenotransplanted in NOD-SCID mice. We conclude that expression of CD99 on human CD34+ progenitors has functional significance and that CD99 may be involved in transendothelial migration of progenitors.
Single-Crystalline Nanowires of Ag2Se Can Be Synthesized by Templating against Nanowires of Trigonal Se (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSingle-Crystalline Nanowires of Ag2Se Can Be Synthesized by Templating against Nanowires of Trigonal SeByron Gates, Yiying Wu, Yadong Yin, Peidong Yang, and Younan XiaView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 46, 11500–11501Publication Date (Web):October 25, 2001Publication History Received23 July 2001Published online25 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0166895https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0166895rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4235Altmetric-Citations250LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Genetics,Nanowires,Physical and chemical processes,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Multiple roles of Activin/Nodal, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the anterior neural patterning of adherent human embryonic stem cell cultures (2013)

Several studies have successfully produced a variety of neural cell types from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but there has been limited systematic analysis of how different regional identities are established using well-defined differentiation conditions. We have used adherent, chemically defined cultures to analyse the roles of Activin/Nodal, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling in neural induction, anteroposterior patterning and eye field specification in hESCs. We show that either BMP inhibition or activation of FGF signalling is required for effective neural induction, but these two pathways have distinct outcomes on rostrocaudal patterning. While BMP inhibition leads to specification of forebrain/midbrain positional identities, FGF-dependent neural induction is associated with strong posteriorization towards hindbrain/spinal cord fates. We also demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is activated during neural induction and promotes acquisition of neural fates posterior to forebrain. Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is needed for efficient forebrain specification. Finally, we provide evidence that the levels of Activin/Nodal and BMP signalling have a marked influence on further forebrain patterning and that constitutive inhibition of these pathways represses expression of eye field genes. These results show that the key mechanisms controlling neural patterning in model vertebrate species are preserved in adherent, chemically defined hESC cultures and reveal new insights into the signals regulating eye field specification.
MEKK3 interacts with the PA28gamma regulatory subunit of the proteasome (2003)

The proteasome is a multisubunit proteolytic enzyme comprising activator complexes bound to the 20 S catalytic core. The functions of the proteasomal activator (PA) 700 in ubiquitin/ATP-dependent protein degradation and of the PA28 alpha/beta activators in antigen presentation are well defined. However, the function of a third PA, PA28 gamma, remains elusive. We now show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), a MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) involved in MAPK kinase 7 (MKK7)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase ('JNK') and MKK6-p38 signalling, can bind PA28 gamma but not PA28 alpha. In contrast, B-Raf, a MAPKKK specific for the MAPK/ERK kinase ('MEK')-ERK module, binds PA28 gamma and alpha. The PA28 gamma-binding domain of MEKK3 is located within its N-terminal regulatory domain (amino acids 1-178). Expression of MEKK3 in Cos-7 cells led to an increase in endogenous and co-expressed PA28 gamma protein levels, whereas kinase-deficient MEKK3 had no effect on PA28 gamma expression. Furthermore, in vitro assays indicated that PA28 gamma was a MEKK3 substrate. MEKK3 represents the first protein kinase capable of binding and phosphorylating a PA, and provides a potential mechanism to link stress-activated protein kinase signalling with the PA28 gamma-dependent proteasome.
Joint optimal impulse response shortening (2002)

In discrete multitone a cyclic prefix (CP) is inserted between symbols to ensure that samples from one symbol do not interfere with the samples of another symbol. The CP length is determined by the impulse response length of the effective physical channel. The cyclic prefix reduces the throughput of the transceiver. When the transceiver is used in a full-duplex environment the portion of the receive signal arising from echo must be reduced through the use of echo cancellation, the complexity of which is directly related to the length of the echo path impulse response. To alleviate both problems a short time-domain FIR filter can be used to shorten both the effective channel and echo impulse responses. This paper explores a joint optimal algorithm for determining the coefficients of this time-domain filter, resulting in reduced ISI and echo canceller complexity. For the simulations a configuration is chosen which is representative of that encountered by the remote terminal in the asymmetrical digital subscriber lines (ADSL) environment.
Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Toxic effects as the major factor in limiting long‐term treatment (1989)

In an effort to understand the prognostic features that may influence the probability of a patient's continuing to take methotrexate (MTX) over time, we studied 152 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with MTX between 1981 and 1986. The overall probability of continuing to take MTX was 71.2% at 1 year, 55.5% at 3 years, 50% at 5 years, and 49% at 6 years. By univariate analysis, patients who started MTX therapy later in the study, American blacks, younger patients, those with less severe disease, and those with less frequent or less severe toxic events appeared to have a better probability of continuing the drug therapy. When these parameters were evaluated by multivariate analysis, only the time when MTX was started and the occurrence of toxic effects independently influenced the probability of continuing MTX. Thus, by current practice standards, toxic effects emerge as the main reason for MTX discontinuation.
HDR Video Coding based on Local LDR Quantization (2014)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) is considered as a major feature that will bring to the end-user a significantly improved experience, closer to the human perception. It is even considered as possibly more important than increased spatial or temporal resolutions. Its deployment in a mid-term future would preferably require coding solutions able to re-use existing or in-coming video codec. This paper presents an HDR video coding scheme aiming at offering high compression performance while re-using legacy low bit-depth decoders (e.g. AVC 8-bit, HEVC 8or 10-bit). To this end, we propose a fully generic solution that can be configured to guarantee backward compatibility with LDR devices (decoders and displays). The proposed technique transforms HDR frames into LDR-like ones and uses sideand meta-data to help the decoder achieve a good HDR reconstruction. Results show that this solution performs well for bit-rate typically targeted in broadcast or internet streaming video applications.
Effects of Bedtime Very Low Dose Cyclobenzaprine on Symptoms and Sleep Physiology in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Study (2011)

Bedtime VLD CBP treatment improved core FM symptoms. Nights with CAP(A2+A3(Norm)) ≤ 33% may provide a biomarker for assessing treatment effects on nonrestorative sleep and associated fatigue and mood symptoms in persons with FM.
Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Periodontal Diseases, and Periodontal Infections in an Elderly Population (2005)

Periodontal disease and infection may be modifiable risk indicators for elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers in older people.
Unnatural base pair systems toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet in the central dogma (2012)

Toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet of DNA, several artificial third base pairs (unnatural base pairs) have been created. Synthetic DNAs containing the unnatural base pairs can be amplified faithfully by PCR, along with the natural A-T and G-C pairs, and transcribed into RNA. The unnatural base pair systems now have high potential to open the door to next generation biotechnology. The creation of unnatural base pairs is a consequence of repeating "proof of concept" experiments. In the process, initially designed base pairs were modified to address their weak points. Some of them were artificially evolved to ones with higher efficiency and selectivity in polymerase reactions, while others were eliminated from the analysis. Here, we describe the process of unnatural base pair development, as well as the tests of their applications.
Glycerol Phenylbutyrate in Patients With Cirrhosis and Episodic Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Pilot Study of Safety and Effect on Venous Ammonia Concentration (2013)

Glycerol tri-(4-phenylbutyrate) (glycerol phenylbutyrate, GPB, HPN-100) mediates waste nitrogen excretion through conjugation with glutamine to form phenylacetylglutamine which is excreted in urine. This pilot study was performed to assess tolerability and effect on venous ammonia concentration in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Patients underwent one week of 6 mL (6.6 g) twice daily (BID). GPB dosing followed by 3 weeks of 9 mL (9.9 g) BID dosing and underwent repeated blood sampling for ammonia concentration and pharmacokinetics. Fifteen patients were enrolled. Ammonia concentrations were lowest after overnight fast and increased post-prandially. Fasting ammonia concentrations were lower on GPB compared to baseline, with a decrease on the eighth day of 6 mL BID dosing to 45.4 (27.9) µmol/L (ULN ∼48 µmol/L) (P < .05). Nine milliliters BID yielded similar lowering but was associated with more adverse events and higher phenylacetate (PAA) plasma concentrations (PAA Cmax of 144 [125] vs. 292 [224] µg/mL on 6 and 9 mL, respectively). GPB dosed at 6 mL BID lowered fasting ammonia levels in cirrhotic patients with HE as compared with baseline, was better tolerated than 9 mL BID, and is appropriate for further evaluation in patients with cirrhosis and episodic HE.
Biosynthesis of Riboflavin (2001)

GTP cyclohydrolase II catalyzes the first committed reaction in the biosynthesis of the vitamin riboflavin. The recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli is shown to produce 2,5-diamino-6-beta-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate and GMP at an approximate molar ratio of 10:1. The main product is subject to spontaneous isomerization affording the alpha-anomer. (18)O from solvent water is incorporated by the enzyme into the phosphate group of the 5-aminopyrimidine derivative as well as GMP. These data are consistent with the transient formation of a covalent phosphoguanosyl derivative of the enzyme. Subsequent ring opening of the covalently bound nucleotide followed by hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond could then afford the pyrimidine type product. The hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond without prior ring opening could afford GMP. The enzyme reaction is cooperative with a Hill coefficient of 1.3. Inhibition by pyrophosphate is competitive. Inhibition by orthophosphate is partially uncompetitive at low concentration and competitive at concentrations above 6 mm.
Synthesis of the staurosporine aglycon (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the staurosporine aglyconChristopher J. Moody, Kulsum F. Rahimtoola, Barry Porter, and Barry C. RossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 2105–2114Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00033a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2158Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Developing a national strategy to prevent dementia: Leon Thal Symposium 2009 (2010)

Among the major impediments to the design of clinical trials for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most critical is the lack of validated biomarkers, assessment tools, and algorithms that would facilitate identification of asymptomatic individuals with elevated risk who might be recruited as study volunteers. Thus, the Leon Thal Symposium 2009 (LTS'09), on October 27-28, 2009 in Las Vegas, Nevada, was convened to explore strategies to surmount the barriers in designing a multisite, comparative study to evaluate and validate various approaches for detecting and selecting asymptomatic people at risk for cognitive disorders/dementia. The deliberations of LTS'09 included presentations and reviews of different approaches (algorithms, biomarkers, or measures) for identifying asymptomatic individuals at elevated risk for AD who would be candidates for longitudinal or prevention studies. The key nested recommendations of LTS'09 included: (1) establishment of a National Database for Longitudinal Studies as a shared research core resource; (2) launch of a large collaborative study that will compare multiple screening approaches and biomarkers to determine the best method for identifying asymptomatic people at risk for AD; (3) initiation of a Global Database that extends the concept of the National Database for Longitudinal Studies for longitudinal studies beyond the United States; and (4) development of an educational campaign that will address public misconceptions about AD and promote healthy brain aging.
Mechanism of selenium sorption by activated carbon (2000)

Abstract Selenium, along with mercury and halides, represents one of the most volatile trace metallic emissions from coal‐fired combustors and utility boilers. This study investigates the potential of activated carbon in capturing gas phase selenium species in the low temperature range (125°C to 250°C) and elucidates the mechanism of interaction between selenium species and activated carbon. Selenium dioxide is chosen as the representative selenium species and experimental investigations are carried out in a differential bed reactor to illustrate the mechanism of SeO 2 and carbon Interaction, Activated carbons with different structural properties are studied as adsorbents for selenium dioxide capture at low temperature. The capture mechanism is found to involve both physical and chemical adsorption in the low temperature range. At 125°C, about 1.5 wt% of selenium is captured at equillbrium. Carbon surface analyses and XPS studies confirm the presence of both elemental and oxide forms of selenium on the surface suggesting partial reduction of selenium dioxide to elemental selenium at carbon surface.