gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Dots as Cellular Probes (2005)

Robust and bright light emitters, semiconductor nanocrystals [quantum dots (QDs)] have been adopted as a new class of fluorescent labels. Six years after the first experiments of their uses in biological applications, there have been dramatic improvements in understanding surface chemistry, biocompatibility, and targeting specificity. Many studies have shown the great potential of using quantum dots as new probes in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the recent advances of quantum dot usage at the cellular level, including immunolabeling, cell tracking, in situ hybridization, FRET, in vivo imaging, and other related technologies. Limitations and potential future uses of quantum dot probes are also discussed.
Location choice patterns of computer use in the United States (2009)

There is little research on the patterns of computer use outside home or work. This study examines who is more or less likely to use a computer at a location other than work or home by using the 2002–2004 General Social Survey data and logistic regression analysis. Demographic variables (such as age, race, marital status, and region), socioeconomic status (such as education and family income), self employment, and satisfaction with financial situation are significant predictors of computer use at locations other than home or work; but occupation and gender make no difference. The findings will help institutions to provide computer infrastructure support and services for customers in public places, and especially help schools and libraries to improve computer labs and services.
Tunable and Selective Conversion of 5‐HMF to 2,5‐Furandimethanol and 2,5‐Dimethylfuran over Copper‐Doped Porous Metal Oxides (2014)

Tunable and selective hydrogenation of the platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into valuable C6 building blocks and liquid fuel additives is achieved with copper-doped porous metal oxides in ethanol. A new catalyst composition with improved hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis activity is obtained by introducing small amounts of ruthenium dopant into the previously reported Cu(0.59) Mg2.34 Al1.00 structure. At a mild reaction temperature (100 °C), 2,5-furandimethanol is obtained with excellent selectivity up to >99%. Higher reaction temperatures (220 °C) favor selective deoxygenation to 2,5-dimethylfuran and minor product 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran with a combined yield as high as 81%. Notably, these high product yields are maintained at a substrate concentration up to 10 wt% and a low catalyst loading. The influence of different alcohol solvents on product selectivity is explored. Furthermore, reaction intermediates formed at different reaction temperatures are identified. The composition of these product mixtures provides mechanistic insight into the nature of the reduction pathways that influence product selectivity. The catalysts are characterized by elemental analysis, TEM, and BET techniques before and after the reaction. Catalyst recycling experiments are conducted in batch and in a continuous-flow setup.
Antibody-mediated neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is not affected by the initial activation state of the cells (1997)

Antibody-mediated neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was evaluated with primary isolates and sera from infected individuals, using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activated with phytohemagglutinin 1 day after virus inoculation (resting-cell assay) or 2 days prior to virus inoculation (blast assay). Assays were performed exclusively with syncytium-inducing (SI) isolates since non-SI isolates replicated poorly or not at all in the resting-cell assay. Ninety percent neutralization was difficult to achieve in both assays for most virus-serum combinations tested. Of particular note, virus replication in the absence of antibody was delayed 2 to 3 days in the resting-cell assay. At least part of this delay was due to a decrease in virus infectivity; the 50% tissue culture infectious dose of primary isolates was 25 to 30 times lower in the resting-cell assay than in the PBMC blast assay. When a broadly neutralizing serum and the same dilution of virus were used in both assays, neutralization was greater in the resting-cell assay than in the blast assay on day 7, but neutralization was equal in both assays when measurements were made 3 days sooner in the PBMC blast assay. Both assays had the same level of detection on day 7 when the amount of virus mixed with antibody and added to cells was standardized according to infectivity for the respective target cells. Thus, when the infectious dose was adjusted, the two assays were equally sensitive for detecting antibody-mediated neutralization of primary isolates of HIV-1. These results indicate that primary isolates of HIV-1 are difficult to neutralize in both assays and that the detection of neutralization is not affected by the initial activation state of PBMC.
Analog content-addressable memories with memristors (2020)

A content-addressable memory compares an input search word against all rows of stored words in an array in a highly parallel manner. While supplying a very powerful functionality for many applications in pattern matching and search, it suffers from large area, cost and power consumption, limiting its use. Past improvements have been realized by using memristors to replace the static random-access memory cell in conventional designs, but employ similar schemes based only on binary or ternary states for storage and search. We propose a new analog content-addressable memory concept and circuit to overcome these limitations by utilizing the analog conductance tunability of memristors. Our analog content-addressable memory stores data within the programmable conductance and can take as input either analog or digital search values. Experimental demonstrations, scaled simulations and analysis show that our analog content-addressable memory can reduce area and power consumption, which enables the acceleration of existing applications, but also new computing application areas.
Enhanced Peptide Nucleic Acid Binding to Supercoiled DNA:  Possible Implications for DNA “Breathing” Dynamics (1996)

The influence of DNA topology on peptide nucleic acid (PNA) binding was studied. Formation of sequence-specific PNA2/dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) complexes was monitored by a potassium permanganate probing/primer extension assay. At low ionic strengths, the binding of PNA was 2-3 times more efficient with supercoiled than with linear DNA. In the presence of 140 mM KCI, the PNA binding rate was reduced but, notably, highly dependent on template topology. Negative supercoiling (mean superhelix density, sigma approximately -0.051) increased the rate of binding by 2 orders of magnitude compared to that of relaxed DNA. The pseudo-first-order rate constant [k psi (sigma)] obeys an exponential function, k psi (sigma) = k psi (lin)e-sigma delta, where delta is a constant of 105 and k psi lin is the rate of PNA binding to linear DNA (sigma = 0). The activation energy [Ea(sigma)] was determined as approximately 93 and approximately 48 kJ mol-1 for PNA binding to linear and supercoiled DNA, respectively. The results are discussed in relation to the possible future use of PNA as an antigene agent and in the framework of DNA "breathing" dynamics.
Protective effects of zinc in indomethacin‐induced gastric mucosal injury: evidence for a dual mechanism involving lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (1999)

Zinc provides protection against indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury. These protective effects result from the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the preservation of mucosal nitric oxide synthase.
Oncological applications of FDG PET imaging. (1999)

echnical considerations, normal distributions of FDG and applications of FDG imaging using PET for brain tumors, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, lung can cer and head and neck cancer have been addressed previ ously. This article focuses on applications of FDG PET imaging for breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and other body tumors.
Short-time memory devices in closed-loop system - Steady-state response (1955)

POTENTIAL uses of short-time memory devices in linear, closed-loop systems are shown, and the primary concern is with follower-type systems. In so far as possible the proposed AIEE symbols will be employed.1
Secukinumab induction and maintenance therapy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II regimen-finding study (2013)

Secukinumab shows efficacy for induction and maintenance treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.
Evidence for IFN-gamma as a mediator of the lethality of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1992)

Current evidence indicates that endogenously produced peptide cytokines, most notably TNF-alpha and IL-1, mediate the lethality of experimental endotoxemia. Because circulating serum levels of IFN-gamma can be detected soon after TNF-alpha and IL-1 in response to endotoxin, we investigated the role of IFN-gamma in endotoxin and TNF-alpha lethality. Specific neutralizing antibodies to murine TNF-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha Ab) or murine IFN gamma (anti-IFN-gamma Ab) produced in our laboratory protected mice against the lethality of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS) administered 6 h later. Serum IFN-gamma levels 2 h after i.v. LPS were lower in mice treated with anti-TNF-alpha Ab compared to mice that received nonimmune IgG (median less than 2.5 vs 3.0 U/ml, P2 less than 0.05). In contrast, serum TNF-alpha levels 1 h after i.v. LPS peaked more than fourfold higher in mice treated with anti-IFN-gamma Ab compared to controls (median greater than 6400 vs 1405 pg/ml, p2 less than 0.05). Doses of TNF-alpha (300 micrograms/kg) and IFN-gamma (50,000 U) which were well tolerated when given individually were synergistically lethal in combination (0% lethality vs 100% lethality, P2 less than 0.001), and were associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 than with either cytokine alone. Anti-IFN-gamma Ab provided complete protection against exogenous human rTNF-alpha at the LD100 dose (1400 micrograms/kg, p2 less than 0.001), and in fact prevented lethality at doses four- to fivefold greater than the LD100 human rTNF-alpha (up to 6000 micrograms/kg). We conclude that IFN-gamma is synergistic with TNF-alpha, is essential for the lethality of LPS and TNF-alpha, and may have modulating effects on the negative control of serum levels of TNF-alpha after LPS in mice.
Aspirin use, cancer, and polyps of the large bowel (1993)

There is a risk reduction effect of aspirin use on the incidence of colorectal cancers and polyps, and this effect is dose related.
N-3-Substituted Imidazoquinazolinones:  Potent and Selective PDE5 Inhibitors as Potential Agents for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2000)

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors with improved PDE isozyme selectivity relative to sildenafil may result in agents for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MED) with a lower incidence of PDE-associated adverse effects. This paper describes the discovery of 14, a PDE5 inhibitor with improved potency and selectivity in vitro compared to sildenafil. This compound shows activity in a functional assay of erectile function comparable to that of sildenafil.
Characterization of serum and urinary bile acids in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. (1989)

We have studied the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the serum and urinary bile acids in seven patients with moderate to severe primary biliary cirrhosis. Bile acids were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantified by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Serum bile acids were elevated 26-fold over control values, with 2.2 times more cholic acid than chenodeoxycholic acid. Urinary bile acid output was elevated 22-fold over control values with a cholic acid:chenodeoxycholic acid ratio of 1.6. In addition, lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, 1 beta-hydroxycholic acid, 1 beta-hydroxydeoxycholic acid, and hyocholic acid were identified in both serum and urine; the proportions of the 1- and 6-hydroxylated bile acids were much higher in urine than in serum of the patients (32.1% versus 4.2%). Three months of placebo administration did not change the serum and urinary bile acid composition. In contrast, ursodeoxycholic acid feeding (12-15 mg/kg body weight per day) for 6 months resulted in a 25% decline in the total serum bile acid concentration from the pretreatment values. The proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid increased from 2.1 to 41.2% of total bile acids, so that total fasting serum endogenous bile acid levels decreased 62.4%. Ursodeoxycholic acid feeding substantially increased urinary bile acid output, with ursodeoxycholic acid comprising 58.1%. The proportion of 1- and 6- hydroxylated endogenous bile acids was reduced by 45.5% from pretreatment levels and approximately 4.5% of the urinary bile acids were omega-muricholic acid, 1 beta-hydroxyursodeoxycholic acid, and 21-hydroxyursodeoxycholic acid. These results demonstrate significant changes in the serum and urinary bile acid pattern in primary biliary cirrhosis during ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. The beneficial effect of ursodeoxycholic acid may be due to reduction of the hydroxylated derivatives of endogenous bile acids together with the appearance of hydroxylated derivatives of ursodeoxycholic acid or it may be due to displacement of the more hydrophobic endogenous bile acids by the hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid.
An Integrated Circuit-Based Optical Sensor for In Vivo Measurement of Blood Oxygenation (1986)

The theory, design, and initial evaluation of an optkal sensor for the measurement of blood oxygen saturation (SO2) and hematocrit (Hct) are presented. A model based on the diffusion of light in an anisotropically scattering medium is developed and used to predict the effects of physiological parameters and the source/detector configuration on the diffuse reflectance of blood measured by the sensor. From model results, a ratiometric method is developed by which SO2 and Hct can be determined using a sensor comprised of three light sources and a detector. An implantable integrated circuit-based sensor was built to perform the blood reflectance measurements. The design of the monolithic signal processor is discussed, along with techniques for combining the chip with hybrid optoelectronics on the same glasscapped silicon substrate. Finally, preliminary results of an in vitro evaluation of prototype sensors are presented.
Side-channel based watermarks for integrated circuits (2010)

Intellectual property (IP) right violations are an increasing problem for hardware designers. Illegal copies of IP cores can cause multi-million dollar damages and are thus considered a serious threat. One possible solution to this problem can be digital watermarking schemes for integrated circuits. We propose a new watermarking technique that employs side-channels as building blocks and can easily and reliably be detected by methods adapted from side-channel analysis. The main idea is to embed a unique signal into a side-channel of the device that serves as a watermark. This enables circuit designers to check integrated circuits for unauthorized use of their watermarked cores. The watermark is hidden below the noise floor of the side channel and is thus hidden from third parties. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can be implemented with very few gates and are thus even harder to detect and to remove. The proposed watermarks can also be realized in a programmable fashion to leak a digital signature.
Droplet mobility on lubricant-impregnated surfaces (2012)

Non-wetting surfaces containing micro/nanotextures impregnated with lubricating liquids have recently been shown to exhibit superior non-wetting performance compared to superhydrophobic surfaces that rely on stable air–liquid interfaces. Here we examine the fundamental physico-chemical hydrodynamics that arise when droplets, immiscible with the lubricant, are placed on and allowed to move along these surfaces. We find that these four-phase systems show novel contact line morphology comprising a finite annular ridge of the lubricant pulled above the surface texture and consequently as many as three distinct 3-phase contact lines. We show that these distinct morphologies not only govern the contact line pinning that controls droplets' initial resistance to movement but also the level of viscous dissipation and hence their sliding velocity once the droplets begin to move.
Fulleropyrrolidines:  A Family of Full-Fledged Fullerene Derivatives (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTFulleropyrrolidines: A Family of Full-Fledged Fullerene DerivativesMaurizio Prato and Michele MagginiView Author Information Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy Centro Meccanismi di Reazioni Organiche del CNR, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 9, 519–526Publication Date (Web):June 3, 1998Publication History Received14 November 1997Published online3 June 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970210phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970210presearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4568Altmetric-Citations748LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanomaterials,Nanospheres,Peptides and proteins,Pyrrolidines,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
GDF-15 for Prognostication of Cardiovascular and Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in Men (2013)

The objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an independent marker of the long-term risk for both cardiovascular disease and cancer morbidity beyond clinical and biochemical risk factors. Plasma obtained at age 71 was available from 940 subjects in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) cohort. Complete mortality and morbidity data were obtained from public registries. At baseline there were independent associations between GDF-15 and current smoking, diabetes mellitus, biomarkers of cardiac (high-sensitivity troponin-T, NT-proBNP) and renal dysfunction (cystatin-C) and inflammatory activity (C-reactive protein), and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). During 10 years follow-up there occurred 265 and 131 deaths, 115 and 46 cardiovascular deaths, and 185 and 86 events with coronary heart disease mortality or morbidity in the respective total cohort (n=940) and non-CVD (n=561) cohort. After adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, one SD increase in log GDF-15 were, in the respective total and non-CVD populations, associated with 48% (95%CI 26 to 73%, p<0.001) and 67% (95%CI 28 to 217%, p<0.001) incremental risk of cardiovascular mortality, 48% (95%CI 33 to 67%, p<0.001) and 61% (95%CI 38 to 89%, p<0.001) of total mortality and 36% (95%CI 19 to 56%, p<0.001) and 44% (95%CI 17 to 76%, p<0.001) of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. The corresponding incremental increase for cancer mortality in the respective total and non-cancer disease (n=882) population was 46% (95%CI 21 to 77%, p<0.001) and 38% (95%CI 12 to 70%, p<0.001) and for cancer morbidity and mortality in patients without previous cancer disease 30% (95%CI 12 to 51%, p<0.001). In conclusion, in elderly men, GDF-15 improves prognostication of both cardiovascular, cancer mortality and morbidity beyond established risk factors and biomarkers of cardiac, renal dysfunction and inflammation.
Long-lived phonons (1993)

We have demonstrated that long-lived transverse acoustic phonons exist, and that they can be observed as a product of three-particle anharmonic decay of polaritons in GaP. The long-lived phonons are found in a strongly dispersive region of the Brillouin zone and possess a frequency of \ensuremath{\sim}118 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and a lifetime of 66.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 ns.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Bacillus anthracis Spore Detection and Functional Analyses of Spore Germination and Outgrowth (2006)

All members of the Bacillus genus produce endospores as part of their life cycle; however, it is not possible to determine the identity of spores by casual or morphological examination. The 2001 anthrax attacks demonstrated a need for fast, dependable methods for detecting Bacillus anthracis spores in vitro and in vivo. We have developed a variety of isotypes and specificities of mAbs that were able to distinguish B. anthracis spores from other Bacillus spores. The majority of Abs were directed toward BclA, a major component of the exosporium, although other components were also distinguished. These Abs did not react with vegetative forms. Some Abs distinguished B. anthracis spores from spores of distantly related species in a highly specific manner, whereas others discriminated among strains that are the closest relatives of B. anthracis. These Abs provide a rapid and reliable means of identifying B. anthracis spores, for probing the structure and function of the exosporium, and in the analysis of the life cycle of B. anthracis.
Making Sense of the Mayhem behind Shape Control in the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (2013)

The formation of anisotropic Au nanoparticles predominantly follows one of two growth pathways: (1) kinetic control or (2) selective surface passivation. This Perspective describes the mechanisms that control Au nanoparticle shape via these pathways in the context of three basic chemical parameters: metal complex reduction potential, metal ion availability, and adsorbate binding strength. These chemical parameters influence the crystallinity and surface facets of the Au nanoparticles, thus dictating particle shape. Understanding nanoparticle growth mechanisms in terms of simple chemical principles enables mechanistic insights to be more easily applied to other syntheses and gives them greater predictive power in the development of new preparations of metal nanoparticles with well-defined shapes. Background information regarding the growth of Au nanoparticles with control over shape is also provided, along with a perspective on unanswered mechanistic questions in noble-metal nanoparticle synthesis and promising directions for future studies.