gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B‐cell subsets and the mature preimmune repertoire. Marginal zone and B1 B cells as part of a “natural immune memory” (2000)

The rate of elimination of a pathogenic agent is of critical importance for the host and determines the extent and consequences of the infection. Antibody production, along with the activity of other cells of the immune system, plays an important role early and late in the response and contributes to all containment and elimination of the organism. B-cell clones reaching the mature long-lived pool are heterogeneous: some belong to the B1 B-cell subset, some are enriched in the CD21high compartment (mostly marginal zone (MZ)), whereas others recirculate primarily among the B-cell follicles (FO). This segregation is a T-independent, CD40L-independent but BCR/CD19-dependent process. Antigen encounter will recruit antigen-specific cells from the pool of mature B-lymphocytes and activate them to perform effector functions. CD21highCD23low B cells enriched in the MZ of the spleen initiate the early plasmablast wave during the first 3 days of an antibody response against particulate T-independent bacterial antigens. These findings indicate a functional heterogeneity within the mature B-lymphocyte population. MZ B cells and B1 B, in contrast to FO B cells, have the unique capacity to generate effector cells in early stages of the immune response against (particulate) antigens that are scavenged efficiently in these specialized anatomical sites.
News on-demand for multimedia networks (1993)

A publisher of business and financial news and a regional telephone service provider are developing the means to produce, distribute, and retrieve multimedia news over wideband information networks. The goal is to deliver business news ondemand to corporate and financial services professionals in nearreal-time using advanced network-based multimedia services. The new requirements of this application led to the creation of the following prototypes: a multimedia news programming format for live and stored information; a system concept for network-based multimedia information services; a flexible information structure to support composition, linkage, reuse, indexing, versioning, access control, and presentation control for live and stored multimedia; a groupware authoring system for audio-video capture, editing, indexing, and publishing; a digital information network with dynamically allocated stream and packet channels; a network-based multimedia store-and-forward service to provide notification, controlled distribution, access via authorizations, and database search and retrieval; a multimedia local area distribution system; and a user interface for browsing, search, notification and retrieval, with automatic hyper-linking to associated information and non-linear view/playback of audio-video material. The prototypes make efficient use of available multimedia and communications technologies, and are intended to exploit future network and media products as they become available. The resulting system serves as a high-performance testbed to study user requirements, to evaluate new technologies, to probe market needs, and to develop new multimedia service concepts. While the current work focuses on a specific application, it is expected to provide a model for developing a wide range of multimedia applications and services.
Identification of tms-26 as an allele of the gcaD gene, which encodes N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis (1992)

The temperature-sensitive Bacillus subtilis tms-26 mutant strain was characterized biochemically and shown to be defective in N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity. At the permissive temperature (34 degrees C), the mutant strain contained about 15% of the wild-type activity of this enzyme, whereas at the nonpermissive temperature (48 degrees C), the mutant enzyme was barely detectable. Furthermore, the N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity of the tms-26 mutant strain was much more heat labile in vitro than that of the wild-type strain. The level of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, the substrate of the uridyltransferase activity, was elevated more than 40-fold in the mutant strain at the permissive temperature compared with the level in the wild-type strain. During a temperature shift, the level of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, the product of the uridyltransferase activity, decreased much more in the mutant strain than in the wild-type strain. An Escherichia coli strain harboring the wild-type version of the tms-26 allele on a plasmid contained increased N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity compared with that in the haploid strain. It is suggested that the gene for N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridyltransferase in B. subtilis be designated gcaD.
The PWWP Domain of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b Is Required for Directing DNA Methylation to the Major Satellite Repeats at Pericentric Heterochromatin (2004)

Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are responsible for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. These proteins contain, in addition to a C-terminal catalytic domain, a unique N-terminal regulatory region that harbors conserved domains, including a PWWP domain. The PWWP domain, characterized by the presence of a highly conserved proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline motif, is a module of 100 to 150 amino acids found in many chromatin-associated proteins. However, the function of the PWWP domain remains largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that the PWWP domains of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are involved in functional specialization of these enzymes. We show that both endogenous and green fluorescent protein-tagged Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are particularly concentrated in pericentric heterochromatin. Mutagenesis analysis indicates that their PWWP domains are required for their association with pericentric heterochromatin. Disruption of the PWWP domain abolishes the ability of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b to methylate the major satellite repeats at pericentric heterochromatin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Dnmt3a PWWP domain has little DNA-binding ability, in contrast to the Dnmt3b PWWP domain, which binds DNA nonspecifically. Collectively, our results suggest that the PWWP domains of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for targeting these enzymes to pericentric heterochromatin, probably via a mechanism other than protein-DNA interactions.
Differential expression of the hyaluronan receptors CD44 and RHAMM in human pancreatic cancer cells. (1996)

To explore the putative role of hyaluronan (HA) in tumor invasion in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the expression of the HA receptors CD44s and RHAMM in a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Expression of CD44s has been found in only 1 of 10 cell lines included in this study. This cell line exhibits a highly differentiated phenotype without any metastatic potential when injected into nude mice. Since it has previously been shown that normal pancreatic duct cells express a high level of CD44s, our results indicate that pancreatic cancer may be accompanied by an almost complete loss of CD44s expression. As demonstrated by PCR amplification, this loss of CD44s expression is due to alternative splicing of CD44 pre-RNA. Although most of the pancreatic cancer cell lines express a complex but identical pattern of variant CD44 gene transcripts, only one higher molecular weight CD44 isoform can be detected in a subset of pancreatic cancer cell lines in Western blot analysis. This variant CD44 molecule represents the epithelial CD44 isoform (CD44v8-v10). When cells are cultured on Matrigel, the expression of additional CD44 variants is induced, suggesting that the extracellular matrix can influence the expression of CD44 isoforms and thereby may facilitate tumor invasion. This induction could be due to a regulatory process in the translation of the CD44 variant mRNAs expressed in pancreatic tumor cells. Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding human RHAMM reveals that both HA receptors are structurally unrelated. In addition, they share an inverse expression pattern. RHAMM mRNA is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines exhibiting a poorly differentiated phenotype and a high metastatic potential when injected into nude mice. These results indicate that CD44 and RHAMM differentially contribute to invasion of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; however, these functions still remain to be determined.
Virus‐delivered small RNA silencing sustains strength in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2005)

Mutations in superoxide dismutase cause a subset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and provoke progressive paralysis when expressed in mice. After retrograde transport to the spinal cord following injection into muscles, an adeno-associated virus carrying a gene that encodes a small interfering RNA was shown to target superoxide dismutase messenger RNA for degradation. The corresponding decrease in mutant superoxide dismutase in spinal motor neurons preserved grip strength. This finding provides proof of principle for the selective reduction of any neuronal protein and supports intramuscular injections of a small interfering RNA-encoding virus as a viable therapy for this type of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Isolation and Characterization of Root‐Specific Phosphate Transporter Promoters from Medicago truncatula (2006)

Promoters of phosphate transporter genes MtPT1 and MtPT2 of Medicago truncatula were isolated by utilizing the gene-space sequence information and by screening of a genomic library, respectively. Two reporter genes, beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were placed under the control of the MtPT1 and MtPT2 promoters. These chimeric transgenes were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana and transgenic roots of M. truncatula, and expression patterns of the reporter genes were assayed in plants grown under different phosphate (Pi) concentrations. The expression of GUS and GFP was only observed in root tissues, and the levels of expression decreased with increasing concentrations of Pi. GUS activities in roots of transgenic plants decreased 10-fold when the plants were transferred from 10 microM to 2 mM Pi conditions, however, when the plants were transferred back to 10 microM Pi conditions, GUS expression reversed back to the original level. The two promoters lead to different expression patterns inside root tissues. The MtPT1 promoter leads to preferential expression in root epidermal and cortex cells, while MtPT2 promoter results in strong expression in the vascular cylinder in the center of roots. Promoter deletion analyses revealed possible sequences involved in root specificity and Pi responsiveness. The promoters are valuable tools for defined engineering of plants, particularly for root-specific expression of transgenes.
Multi-cell MIMO downlink with fairness criteria: The large system limit (2010)

We consider the downlink of a cellular network with multiple cells and multi-antenna base stations under arbitrary inter-cell cooperation, realistic distance-dependent pathloss, and general “fairness” requirements. Beyond Monte Carlo simulation, no efficient computation method to evaluate the ergodic throughput of such systems has been provided so far. We propose an analytic method based on the combination of the large random matrix theory with Lagrangian optimization. The proposed method is computationally much more efficient than Monte Carlo simulation and provides a very accurate approximation (almost indistinguishable) for the actual finite-dimensional case, even for of a small number of users and base station antennas. Numerical examples include linear 2-cell and planar three-sectored 7-cell layouts, with no inter-cell cooperation, sector cooperation, and full cooperation.
Emissions from Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuels (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel fuels derived from Fischer-Tropsch processes have a number of beneficial properties, including zero sulfur, high cetane, and near-zero aromatics content. Previous researchers have shown emissions benefits for using these fuels in light and heavy-duty diesel engines. A series of experimental fuels using neat F-T material or blends of F-T material with conventional cracked stocks was tested in diesel engines and produced lower emissions when compared to current diesel fuel. These experimental fuels cover a variety of boiling point ranges, extending from light naphtha to materials that are significantly heavier than conventional diesel fuels. All of the fuels show lower NOx and particulate emissions. F-T material can be used to increase the use of marginal refinery streams as diesel blend stocks and so increase the volume of low emission diesel fuels produced in current refineries.&lt;/div&gt;
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica iron-regulated proteins (1995)

Yersinia enterocolitica 1165 (0:8) expressed several iron-regulated proteins with molecular masses of 240, 194, 80, 79, 70, and 67 kDa. These proteins were not detected in cells grown in iron-rich conditions. Cell surface iodination indicated that the 240- and 190-kDa proteins (HMWPs) were not surface exposed, whereas the 67- and 70-kDa proteins appeared to be exposed to the cell surface. Incubation with iron protected the 67- and 70-kDa proteins from proteinase K treatment, suggesting that they may be involved in iron acquisition. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against the HMWPs and the 67-kDa iron-regulated protein. MAbs to the HMWPs not only recognized the 240- and 194-kDa proteins but also reacted with the 67- and 70-kDa iron-regulated proteins. Similarly, MAbs to the 67-kDa protein reacted with the 67- and 70-kDa proteins and the HMWPs, suggesting that these iron-regulated proteins are related immunologically. In addition, the MAbs recognized the 67- and 70-kDa proteins and HMWPs from other Y. enterocolitica serotypes, suggesting that the antigenic sites recognized on these iron-regulated proteins are conserved. The MAbs examined did not inhibit iron binding or iron uptake and did not provide protection against a Y. enterocolitica 1165 (0:8) infection in a systemic mouse infection model. Although these MAbs were not protective in this model, these iron-regulated proteins may play a role in iron acquisition and virulence, but the MAbs examined are probably not directed against epitopes involved in iron acquisition or virulence.
PDZ Domain Interaction Controls the Endocytic Recycling of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (2002)

The C terminus of CFTR contains a PDZ interacting domain that is required for the polarized expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. To elucidate the mechanism whereby the PDZ interacting domain mediates the polarized expression of CFTR, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were stably transfected with wild type (wt-CFTR) or C-terminally truncated human CFTR (CFTR-DeltaTRL). We tested the hypothesis that the PDZ interacting domain regulates sorting of CFTR from the Golgi to the apical plasma membrane. Pulse-chase studies in combination with domain-selective cell surface biotinylation revealed that newly synthesized wt-CFTR and CFTR-DeltaTRL were targeted equally to the apical and basolateral membranes in a nonpolarized fashion. Thus, the PDZ interacting domain is not an apical sorting motif. Deletion of the PDZ interacting domain reduced the half-life of CFTR in the apical membrane from approximately 24 to approximately 13 h but had no effect on the half-life of CFTR in the basolateral membrane. Thus, the PDZ interacting domain is an apical membrane retention motif. Next, we examined the hypothesis that the PDZ interacting domain affects the apical membrane half-life of CFTR by altering its endocytosis and/or endocytic recycling. Endocytosis of wt-CFTR and CFTR-DeltaTRL did not differ. However, endocytic recycling of CFTR-DeltaTRL was decreased when compared with wt-CFTR. Thus, deletion of the PDZ interacting domain reduced the half-life of CFTR in the apical membrane by decreasing CFTR endocytic recycling. Our results identify a new role for PDZ proteins in regulating the endocytic recycling of CFTR in polarized epithelial cells.
Modulation of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus on gastric motility in rats (1998)

AIM:To investigate whether the arcuate nucleus (ARC) could modulate gastric motility, and if so, what are the mechanisms or pathways.METHODS:Wistar rats, anaesthetized with urethan, parameters of stimulation and electrolytic lesion sites were determined according to the Paxinos and Watson ATLAS of rat brain in steriotaxic coordinate. Intragastric pressure (IGP) and gastric motility were measured by Reybould's method.RESULTS:Electrical stimulation of ARC could obviously decrease the IGP by 42.2% plus minus 5.4%, n =15,P < 0.01, and the phasic gastric contractions disappeared.The analysis showed that the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei may be involved in central,but without the invovement of alpha-endorphinergic neurons rich in the ARC, while in periphery, the peripheral neural pathways are both vagus and sympathetic nerves.The fibers in vagus may be non-cholinergic. Humoral factors may also be involved.At the receptor level, Tonic action of adrenergic nerve in the stomach is mainly inhibitory;alpha-receptors, which may be present on the stomach wall and mediate inhibition; and -alpha-receptors, which come into play through vagus, mediate inhibition, but those present on the smooth muscle mediate sympathetic excitation.Microinjection of TRH into ARC could significantly increase the IGP by 183.02% (0.53kPa plus minus 0.08kPa vs 1.5k Pa plus minus 0.6kPa, n =10,P < 0.001), the rate and amplitude of phasic gastric contraction were also increased (3cpm vs 6cpm-8cpm). The peripheral pathway of such excitatory effects were transmitted with cholinergic vagus nerve mediated by M-receptor.CONCLUSION:ARC could modulate gastric motility biphasically, inhibitory and excitatory, depending on the nature of stimuli.
A Gut Reaction--Lymphoepithelial Communication in the Intestine (1997)

The vast epithelial lining of the gut has its own branch of the immune system to protect the body from invasion. In his Perspective, Shanahan describes the components of this system—the intestinal epithelial cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes—and a new local paracrine network among them, mediated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone and reported in this issue on p. 1937 (Wang et al .)
An analysis of prehospital deaths (2014)

Epidemiologic study, level V.
Interaction of Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG13195 with HT29 Cells Influences Regulatory-T-Cell-Associated Chemokine Receptor Expression (2012)

Probiotics play an important role in the maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier. In addition to direct effects on mucosal integrity, the interaction with the intestinal mucosa may have an active immunoregulatory effect. In the present work, we exposed HT29 intestinal epithelial cells to two Bifidobacterium species to determine their effect on gene expression profile, enterocyte monolayer integrity, and T-cell response. Bifidobacterium breve IPLA 20004 triggered a more pronounced increase in the transepithelial resistance of the enterocyte monolayer than Bifidobacterium bifidum LMG13195. The transcriptome profile of HT29 cells cultured in the presence of B. bifidum LMG13195 showed an increased expression of immune mediators and, interestingly, chemotactic molecules (CXCL10, CCL20, CXCL11 and CCL22) able to recruit lymphocytes. Since regulatory T cells (Treg cells) may express receptors for specific chemokines, we cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells with supernatants of HT29 cells previously treated with Bifidobacterium strains and analyzed FOXP3 and CD25 Treg markers and CCR6, CXCR3, CCR4, and CCR3 expression on CD4(+) lymphocytes. The proportion of CD25(high) FOXP3(+) cells was significantly increased after culture with B. bifidum LMG13195-conditioned HT29 supernatant. Moreover, this treatment led to the largest amount of CCR6(+) CXCR3(-) CCR4(+) CCR3(+) CD4(+) cells expressing high levels of CD25, corresponding to the Treg population. These results suggest that soluble factors secreted after B. bifidum LMG13195 contact with intestinal epithelial cells favored the generation of CD4(+) CD25(high) lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptor Treg markers, thus making possible their recruitment to the intestinal mucosa.
Robot navigation by conditional sequencing (2002)

We investigate the application of conditional sequencing to robot navigation. Initial experimental results indicate that very robust navigation can be achieved by layering a conditional sequencer on top of a set of simple sensorimotor behaviors. The approach is uniquely flexible, permitting very complex tasks to be programmed reliably in very short periods of time. The technique was used in the recent American Association of Artificial Intelligence mobile robot contest. All of the contest-specific code was written in three days by a single programmer. The robot turned in the best overall performance of any entry. In addition, we present the results of over ninety formal experimental runs performed under a variety of circumstances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Expression of glycoprotein gene of the rabies virus 3aG strain by E-3 deleted adenovirus recombinant]. (2000)

Chinese rabies virus vaccine strain 3aG glycoprotein was successfully expressed by E3-deleted human adenovirus recombinant and specific neutralizing antibody can be elicited in mice after immunization by the recombinant.
Performance of Infrared Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Lasers Emitting in the 3 μm Wavelength Range (1997)

The performance characteristics of two lasers emitting in the mid infrared, an Er-YAG (2.94 μm wavelength, 80–90 ns pulse width), and an Er-YSGG infrared laser (2.79 μm wavelength, 80 ns pulse width), in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (IR-MALDI-MS) of biological macromolecules, is reported. Glycerol and succinic acid were used as matrices. In IR-MALDI sample consumption per laser shot typically exceeds that of UV-MALDI by about two orders of magnitude. Using glycerol as matrix, the reproducibility of the ion signals from shot to shot is comparable to the best values achieved in UV-MALDI. The same holds true for the precision and accuracy of the mass determination. For succinic acid all these values are significantly worse, due to the strong sample heterogeneity as typically found in dried droplet preparations. Metastable fragmentation is comparable for UV- and IR-MALDI in the low mass range, but is significantly less for the IR in the mass range above ca. 20 kDa, leading to an improved mass resolution and an extended high mass limit for IR-MALDI. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.