gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell distribution of stress fibres in response to the geometry of the adhesive environment (2006)

Cells display a large variety of shapes when plated in classical culture conditions despite their belonging to a common cell type. These shapes are transitory, since cells permanently disassemble and reassemble their cytoskeleton while moving. Adhesive micropatterns are commonly used to confine cell shape within a given geometry. In addition the micropattern can be designed so as to impose cells to spread upon adhesive and nonadhesive areas. Modulation of the pattern geometry allows the analysis of the mechanisms governing the determination of cell shape in response to external adhesive conditions. In this study, we show that the acquisition of cell shape follows two stages where initially the cell forms contact with the micropattern. Here, the most distal contacts made by the cell with the micropattern define the apices of the cell shape. Then secondly, the cell borders that link two apices move so as to minimise the distance between the two apices. In these cell borders, the absence of an underlying adhesive substrate is overcome by stress fibres forming between the apices, which in turn are marked by an accumulation of focal adhesions. By inhibiting myosin function, cell borders on nonadhesive zones become more concave, suggesting that the stress fibres work against the membrane tension in the cell border. Moreover, this suggested that traction forces are unevenly distributed in stationary, nonmigrating, cells. By comparing the stress fibres in cells with one, two, or three nonadherent cell borders it was reasoned that stress fibre strength is inversely proportional to number. We conclude that cells of a given area can generate the same total sum of tractional forces but that these tractional forces are differently spaced depending on the spatial distribution of its adherence contacts.
Exit Flow Vector Control on a Coanda Nozzle Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuator (2014)

The paper presents a study on a Coanda nozzle with applications in vectorized propulsion. The nozzle is able to change the exist flow angle as a function of a differential two-stream incoming flow rate. Herein we demonstrate that by using Dielectric Barrier Discharge actuators we are able to extend the range of attainable exit flow angles. First the analysis is performed using a numerical approach; afterwards an experimental facility is implemented to study this same effect. We include a comparison between the experimental testing on the Coanda thruster and CFD computations. Following an analysis of the results we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a higher exit thrust angle, with the DBD plasma actuators active, and this is shown to be important in order to be able to keep the desired angles under several swirl velocities incoming from the feeding turbofans.
Cycling cells in the adult rat neocortex preferentially generate oligodendroglia (1999)

Gliogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system does not cease abruptly like neurogenesis. Instead, glia accumulate over a time period that extends into adulthood. To determine whether new glial cells in the adult cortex arise from resident progenitors and to determine the glial types to which these progenitors give rise to, cells in the perinatal subventricular zone (SVZ) were labeled with replication-deficient retroviral vectors, and clonal clusters of glia in the neocortex were examined from 1 week to 8 months of age. The average clonal cluster size increased during the first month of life. Interestingly, clusters containing oligodendrocyte lineage cells preferentially expanded with age, on average doubling every 3 months. Unexpectedly, the number of cells in astrocyte clusters decreased over time. In heterogeneous clusters, the numbers of oligodendroglia increased, whereas the number of astrocytes did not. Moreover, clonal clusters containing mature glia also contained less mature cells, indicating that clonally related progenitors do not differentiate synchronously in vivo. Thus, progenitors from the SVZ continue to cycle, resulting in an accumulation of oligodendroglia in the neocortex. These slowly cycling cells likely express the NG2 proteoglycan because a subset of the clonal clusters contained NG2(+) cells and these NG2(+) cells accumulated with time.
The P2U Purinoceptor Obligatorily Engages the Heterotrimeric G Protein G16 to Mobilize Intracellular Ca2+ in Human Erythroleukemia Cells (1997)

To assess the role of G16, a trimeric G protein exclusively expressed in hematopoietic cells, Galpha16 antisense RNA was stably expressed in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Western blot analysis showed that in transfected cell lines, the expression of endogenous Galpha16 protein was suppressed, but the expression of Galphaq/11, Galphai2, and Galphai3 remained unaffected. Suppression of Galpha16 in transfected HEL cells did not interfere with transient elevations of intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations induced by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), platelet-activating factor, or thrombin. In parental HEL cells, UTP and ATP mobilized Ca2+ from intracellular stores with half-maximum effective concentrations of 3. 6 +/- 0.7 and 4.7 +/- 1.6 microM, respectively, apparently by stimulating P2U purinoceptors. By contrast, Ca2+ mobilization by UTP or ATP was completely abrogated in Galpha16-suppressed cells, indicating specific coupling of G16 to P2U purinoceptors. Pertussis toxin inhibited the effect of UTP in parental HEL cells by 57.6 +/- 4.9%. These data indicate that signaling by the P2U purinoceptor obligatorily requires G16 but may be modulated further by activation of Gi. Priming of HEL cells with UTP or ATP prior to stimulation with PGE1 markedly enhanced the PGE1-induced intracellular Ca2+ release. This indirect, potentiating effect of UTP and ATP was not impaired in Galpha16-suppressed cells but was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating that functional P2U purinoceptors are present on these cells and that the potentiating effect primarily depends on Gi. The data demonstrate (i) that Galpha16 antisense RNA selectively inhibits endogenous Galpha16 protein expression in HEL cells; (ii) that stimulation of endogenous P2U (P2Y2) purinoceptors leads to the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by a mechanism that strictly depends on Galpha16; and (iii) that P2U purinoceptors in HEL cells can communicate with two distinct signaling pathways diverging at the G protein level.
Learning a Transferable Change Rule from a Recurrent Neural Network for Land Cover Change Detection (2016)

When exploited in remote sensing analysis, a reliable change rule with transfer ability can detect changes accurately and be applied widely. However, in practice, the complexity of land cover changes makes it difficult to use only one change rule or change feature learned from a given multi-temporal dataset to detect any other new target images without applying other learning processes. In this study, we consider the design of an efficient change rule having transferability to detect both binary and multi-class changes. The proposed method relies on an improved Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to acquire and record the change information of long-term sequence remote sensing data. In particular, a core memory cell is utilized to learn the change rule from the information concerning binary changes or multi-class changes. Three gates are utilized to control the input, output and update of the LSTM model for optimization. In addition, the learned rule can be applied to detect changes and transfer the change rule from one learned image to another new target multi-temporal image. In this study, binary experiments, transfer experiments and multi-class change experiments are exploited to demonstrate the superiority of our method. Three contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: (1) the proposed method can learn an effective change rule to provide reliable change information for multi-temporal images; (2) the learned change rule has good transferability for detecting changes in new target images without any extra learning process, and the new target images should have a multi-spectral distribution similar to that of the training images; and (3) to the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that deep learning in recurrent neural networks is exploited for change detection. In addition, under the framework of the proposed method, changes can be detected under both binary detection and multi-class change detection.
Gold Nanoparticles as Radiation Sensitizers in Cancer Therapy (2010)

Among other nanoparticle systems, gold nanoparticles have been explored as radiosensitizers. While most of the research in this area has focused on either gold nanoparticles with diameters of less than 2 nm or particles with micrometer dimensions, it has been shown that nanoparticles 50 nm in diameter have the highest cellular uptake. We present the results of in vitro studies that focus on the radiosensitization properties of nanoparticles in the size range from 14-74 nm. Radiosensitization was dependent on the number of gold nanoparticles internalized within the cells. Gold nanoparticles 50-nm in diameter showed the highest radiosensitization enhancement factor (REF) (1.43 at 220 kVp) compared to gold nanoparticles of 14 and 74 nm (1.20 and 1.26, respectively). Using 50-nm gold nanoparticles, the REF for lower- (105 kVp) and higher- (6 MVp) energy photons was 1.66 and 1.17, respectively. DNA double-strand breaks were quantified using radiation-induced foci of gamma-H2AX and 53BP1, and a modest increase in the number of foci per nucleus was observed in irradiated cell populations with internalized gold nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will enable the optimization of gold nanoparticle-based sensitizers for use in therapy.
Experimental demonstration of soliton propagation in long fibers: loss compensated by Raman gain (1985)

With sufficient Raman gain to compensate exactly for net fiber energy loss, we have demonstrated distortionless propagation of 10-psec FWHM fundamental (N = 1) soliton pulses (lambda = 1.56 microm) over a 10-km length of single-mode fiber. The implications of this experiment for development of an all-optical, high-bit-rate, long-distance telecommunications system are discussed briefly.
c‐met tyrosine kinase receptor expression is associated with abnormal β‐catenin expression and favourable prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma (2000)

c-met immunohistochemical expression seems to be associated with abnormal beta-catenin expression, good prognostic and predictive factors and favourable outcome in breast cancer patients.
A single-chip coplanar 0.8-μm GaAs MESFET K/Ka-band DRO (1999)

The authors describe the design and measured results of a monolithic coplanar (CP) transmission line-based GaAs MESFET dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) for K/Ka-band applications. The dielectric resonator (DR) is on chip. The measured output power was 11 dBm at 26.17 GHz for a conversion efficiency of 5.5%. The chip probed phase noise was -118.7 dBc at 1 MHz off carrier. This represents the first reported instance of a DRO being fabricated using a CP transmission line topology.
A novel cis-acting element in an Arabidopsis gene is involved in responsiveness to drought, low-temperature, or high-salt stress. (1994)

Two genes, rd29A and rd29B, which are closely located on the Arabidopsis genome, are differentially induced under conditions of dehydration, low temperature, high salt, or treatment with exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). It appears that rd29A has at least two cis-acting elements, one involved in the ABA-associated response to dehydration and the other induced by changes in osmotic potential, and that rd29B contains at least one cis-acting element that is involved in ABA-responsive, slow induction. We analyzed the rd29A promoter in both transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco and identified a novel cis-acting, dehydration-responsive element (DRE) containing 9 bp, TACCGACAT, that is involved in the first rapid response of rd29A to conditions of dehydration or high salt. DRE is also involved in the induction by low temperature but does not function in the ABA-responsive, slow expression of rd29A. Nuclear proteins that specifically bind to DRE were detected in Arabidopsis plants under either high-salt or normal conditions. Different cis-acting elements seem to function in the two-step induction of rd29A and in the slow induction of rd29B under conditions of dehydration, high salt, or low temperature.
Enhanced HARQ Employing LDPC Coded Constellation Rearrangement with 64QAM (2006)

In this paper, a novel algorithm for searching optimal HARQ methods with constellation rearrangement is proposed. This novel method tries to average the combined reliability of demodulated bits after retransmissions. According to this idea, two constellation rearrangement schemes for 64QAM with restricted retransmission times are presented through the proposed search algorithm, which can well equalize the reliabilities of various bit positions after chase combining (CC) HARQ so as to improve the LDPC decoder's performance. Simulation results show that the two presented schemes outperforms than the traditional HARQ methods with constellation rearrangement in term of BER and throughput performance. It not only can be used in LDPC coded HARQ but also apply to Turbo coded HARQ with arbitrary MQAM constellation rearrangement.
Bone Marrow Contribution to Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Fibroblasts (2004)

The role of myofibroblasts in tissue repair and fibrosis is well documented, but the source of these myofibroblasts is unclear. There is evidence of a circulating population of fibrocytes that can home to areas of injury and contribute to myofibroblast populations. Previously, we have shown that the bone marrow is a source of myofibroblasts for many tissues including the gut, lung, and kidney and that this phenomenon is exacerbated by injury. We now show that the bone marrow can contribute to myofibroblast and fibroblast populations in tumor stroma in a mouse model of pancreatic insulinoma. Mice transgenic for the rat insulin promoter II gene linked to the large-T antigen of SV40 (RIPTag) develop solid beta-cell tumors of the pancreas. Approximately 25% of myofibroblasts in these pancreatic tumors were donor-derived, and these were concentrated toward the edge of the tumor. Thus, the development of tumor stroma is at least in part a systemic response that may ultimately yield methods of targeting new therapy.
Cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and pharmacologic predictors of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A nested, case–control study (2008)

RA is associated with increased risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Stroke is predicted by RA severity, certain cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidity. Except for rofecoxib, RA treatment does not appear to be associated with stroke, although the effect of corticosteroids remains uncertain.
Novel Tricyclic Inhibitors of Farnesyl Protein Transferase (1995)

Ras protooncogenes encode 21-kDa membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, which play a critical role in control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Oncogenic, activated forms of Ras proteins are associated with a broad range of human cancers. The elucidation of the post-translational modifications that occur at the carboxyl terminus of Ras and the demonstration that farnesylation of Ras by farnesyl protein transferase is essential for Ras-induced cellular transformation has opened up a new and promising approach to the development of anti-Ras therapeutics. We report here a novel series of potent farnesyl protein transferase (FPT) inhibitors, represented by SCH 44342. This compound inhibits both rat brain and recombinant human FPT with an IC50 of approximately 250 nM, while it is only weakly active against rat brain geranylgeranyl protein transferase-1 (IC50 > 114 microM). FPT inhibition has been observed using both Ha-Ras protein and Ki-Ras-derived peptide substrates in two different assay formats. SCH 44342 and its analogs also inhibit farnesylation of Ras in Cos cells transiently expressing [Val12]Ha-Ras with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. At these concentrations they do not inhibit sterol biosynthesis or geranylgeranylation of protein. In addition, we observed that Cos cells undergo pronounced morphological changes upon overexpression of [Val12]activated forms of Ha-Ras containing COOH-terminal sequences allowing farnesylation (CVLS) or geranylgeranylation (CVLL) but not upon overexpression of activated Ras lacking the isoprenylated Cys (SVLS). Ras-induced morphological changes can be partially reverted with lovastatin. Importantly, SCH 44342 can block morphological changes induced by [Val12]Ha-Ras-CVLS but not [Val12]Ha-Ras-CVLL. Recently, a number of other FPT inhibitors have been reported. Most of the compounds reported to have cell-based activity are peptidomimetic analogs of the CAAX substrate. Our FPT inhibitors are novel in that although they compete with Ras protein in kinetic experiments they are entirely nonpeptidic in nature, they do not have oxidizable sulfhydryl functions, and they are active in cells at low micromolar concentrations.
Tanshinone IIA, an ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines through the activation of caspase-3 (1999)

Tanshinone II-A is a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, a traditional herbal medicine that is known to induce antiinflammatory, anti-oxidative and cytotoxic activity. We have examined cellular effects of Tanshione II-A on HL60 human promyelocytic leukemic cells and K562 human erythroleukemic cells. Tanshione II-A induced a dose- and time-dependent DNA fragmentation into the multiples of 180 bp and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in both cell lines. PI-staining and flow cytometry analysis of K562 cells following Tanshione II-A treatment showed an increase of the cells possessing hypodiploid DNA indicative of apoptotic state of cells. Caspase-3 activity was significantly increased during Tanshinone II-A treatment of both HL60 and K562 cells, whereas caspase-1 activity was not changed. These results suggest that Tanshione II-A induced HL60 and K562 cellular apoptosis that may be associated with the selective members of caspase family.
Survival of Implanted Fetal Dopamine Cells and Neurologic Improvement 12 to 46 Months after Transplantation for Parkinson's Disease (1992)

Fetal-tissue implants appear to offer long-term clinical benefit to some patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.
Effects of Cytokines from Virus-Induced Human Lymphoblasts on the Growth and Viability of the Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line HL-60 (1990)

Cells of the human B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia line, BALL-1, were stimulated with Sendai virus. It is shown that the crude culture supernatants contain not only interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) but also other cytokines, here collectively termed 'X' cytokines. The latter did not affect the cytostatic or differentiation-inducing effect of IFN-alpha but synergistically increased the cytotoxicity of TNF-alpha.
The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP (2006)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous entity, with patients exhibiting a wide range of outcomes. The addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy (R-CHOP)has led to a marked improvement in survival and has called into question the significance of previously recognized prognostic markers. Since randomized controlled trials of R-CHOP in DLBCL have included select subgroups of patients, the utility of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) has not been reassessed. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP in the province of British Columbia to assess the value of the IPI in the era of immunochemotherapy. The IPI remains predictive, but it identifies only 2 risk groups. Redistribution of the IPI factors into a revised IPI (R-IPI) provides a more clinically useful prediction of outcome. The R-IPI identifies 3 distinct prognostic groups with a very good (4-year progression-free survival [PFS] 94%, overall survival [OS] 94%), good (4-year PFS 80%, OS 79%), and poor (4-year PFS 53%, OS 55%) outcome, respectively (P < .001). The IPI (or R-IPI) no longer identifies a risk group with less than a 50% chance of survival. In the era of R-CHOP treatment, the R-IPI is a clinically useful prognostic index that may help guide treatment planning and interpretation of clinical trials.
4′-Ethynyl Nucleoside Analogs: Potent Inhibitors of Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Variants In Vitro (2001)

A series of 4'-ethynyl (4'-E) nucleoside analogs were designed, synthesized, and identified as being active against a wide spectrum of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), including a variety of laboratory strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and primary clinical HIV-1 isolates. Among such analogs examined, 4'-E-2'-deoxycytidine (4'-E-dC), 4'-E-2'-deoxyadenosine (4'-E-dA), 4'-E-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-2,6-diaminopurine, and 4'-E-2'-deoxyguanosine were the most potent and blocked HIV-1 replication with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 0.0003 to 0.01 microM in vitro with favorable cellular toxicity profiles (selectivity indices ranging 458 to 2,600). These 4'-E analogs also suppressed replication of various drug-resistant HIV-1 clones, including HIV-1(M41L/T215Y), HIV-1(K65R), HIV-1(L74V), HIV-1(M41L/T69S-S-G/T215Y), and HIV-1(A62V/V75I/F77L/F116Y/Q151M). Moreover, these analogs inhibited the replication of multidrug-resistant clinical HIV-1 strains carrying a variety of drug resistance-related amino acid substitutions isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals for whom 10 or 11 different anti-HIV-1 agents had failed. The 4'-E analogs also blocked the replication of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant clone, HIV-1(Y181C), and showed an HIV-1 inhibition profile similar to that of zidovudine in time-of-drug-addition assays. The antiviral activity of 4'-E-thymidine and 4'-E-dC was blocked by the addition of thymidine and 2'-deoxycytidine, respectively, while that of 4'-E-dA was not affected by 2'-deoxyadenosine, similar to the antiviral activity reversion feature of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, strongly suggesting that 4'-E analogs belong to the family of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Further development of 4'-E analogs as potential therapeutics for infection with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 is warranted.