gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Venom coagglutinin: an activator of platelet aggregation dependent on von Willebrand factor. (1978)

A platelet-aggregating activity was found in many snake venoms, predominantly those of the genus Bothrops, that is apparent only in the presence of the platelet-aggregating von Willebrand factor of plasma. It is designated "venom coagglutinin." The coagglutinin can be largely separated from the thrombin-like enzyme of the venoms by ion-exchange chromatography. The venom factor acts on formaldehyde-fixed platelets and is effective with decalcified, heparinized, and afibrinogenemic plasmas but not with severe von Willebrand disease plasmas or with normal plasmas in which the von Willebrand factor has been neutralized by specific antibodies. Use of this coagglutinin permits the assay of von Willebrand factor without the many disadvantages of the ristocetin test. The coagglutinin is active with human, dog, pig, and bovine plasmas and with platelets of any one of these species. This broad-spectrum activity without regard to species contrasts with the ristocetin-resistance of many combinations of plasma and platelets from various species. The assay provides a procedure for studying human, porcine, and canine von Willebrand disease. The lack of species specificity of the coagglutinin suggests that it may be a universal activator of the von Willebrand factor-platelet reaction.
Durability of Complete Responses in Patients With Metastatic Cancer Treated With High-Dose Interleukin-2 (1998)

Treatment with high-dose bolus IL-2 mediates complete cancer regression in approximately 8% of patients with metastatic renal cancer and melanoma. The great majority of these patients will enter durable complete regressions and appear to be cured of their metastatic cancer. Thus, immunotherapy with high-dose bolus IL-2 should be considered as initial therapy for appropriately selected patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer. Identification of the tumor antigens mediating clinical response is opening new therapeutic possibilities for cancer treatment.
Proteases. (1995)

Proteases are enzymes which are widely distributed in cells and play a key role in protein metabolism. The aim of this paper is to review the classification and nomenclature of proteases, their catalytic mechanisms, the regulation of proteolytic activity and finally the major biological functions of proteases.
Efficient bioreduction of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5-dione and bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,5-dione by genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2006)

A screening of non-conventional yeast species and several Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) strains overexpressing known carbonyl reductases revealed the S. cerevisiae reductase encoded by YMR226c as highly efficient for the reduction of the diketones 1 and 2 to their corresponding hydroxyketones 3-6 (Scheme 1) in excellent enantiomeric excesses. Bioreduction of 1 using the genetically engineered yeast TMB4100, overexpressing YMR226c, resulted in >99% ee for hydroxyketone (+)-4 and 84-98% ee for (-)-3, depending on the degree of conversion. Baker's yeast reduction of diketone 2 resulted in >98% ee for the hydroxyketones (+)-5 and (+)-6. However, TMB4100 led to significantly higher conversion rates (over 40 fold faster) and also a minor improvement of the enantiomeric excesses (>99%).
PicHunter: Bayesian relevance feedback for image retrieval (1996)

This paper describes PicHunter, an image retrieval system that implements a novel approach to relevance feedback, such that the entire history of user selections contributes to the system's estimate of the user's goal image. To accomplish this, PicHunter uses Bayesian learning based on a probabilistic model of a user's behavior. The predictions of this model are combined with the selections made during a search to estimate the probability associated with each image. These probabilities are then used to select images for display. Details of our model of a user's behavior were tuned using an off-line leaning algorithm. For clarity, our studies were done with the simplest possible user interface but the algorithm can easily be incorporated into systems which support complex queries, including most previously proposed systems. However, even with this constraint and simple image features, PicHunter is able to locate randomly selected targets in a database of 4522 images after displaying an average of only 55 groups of 4 images which is over 10 times better than chance. We therefore expect that the performance of current image database retrieval systems can be improved by incorporation of the techniques described here.
Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Mediate Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Lines (2012)

Persistent androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity underlies resistance to AR-targeted therapy and progression to lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent success in retargeting persistent AR activity with next generation androgen/AR axis inhibitors such as enzalutamide (MDV3100) has validated AR as a master regulator during all stages of disease progression. However, resistance to next generation AR inhibitors limits therapeutic efficacy for many patients. One emerging mechanism of CRPC progression is AR gene rearrangement, promoting synthesis of constitutively active truncated AR splice variants (AR-V) that lack the AR ligand-binding domain. In this study, we show that cells with AR gene rearrangements expressing both full-length and AR-Vs are androgen independent and enzalutamide resistant. However, selective knock-down of AR-V expression inhibited androgen-independent growth and restored responsiveness to androgens and antiandrogens. In heterogeneous cell populations, AR gene rearrangements marked individual AR-V-dependent cells that were resistant to enzalutamide. Gene expression profiling following knock-down of full-length AR or AR-Vs showed that AR-Vs drive resistance to AR-targeted therapy by functioning as constitutive and independent effectors of the androgen/AR transcriptional program. Further, mitotic genes deemed previously to be unique AR-V targets were found to be biphasic targets associated with a proliferative level of signaling output from either AR-Vs or androgen-stimulated AR. Overall, these studies highlight AR-Vs as key mediators of persistent AR signaling and resistance to the current arsenal of conventional and next generation AR-directed therapies, advancing the concept of AR-Vs as therapeutic targets in advanced disease.
Visualizing Change over Time Using Dynamic Hierarchies: TreeVersity2 and the StemView (2013)

To analyze data such as the US Federal Budget or characteristics of the student population of a University it is common to look for changes over time. This task can be made easier and more fruitful if the analysis is performed by grouping by attributes, such as by Agencies, Bureaus and Accounts for the Budget, or Ethnicity, Gender and Major in a University. We present TreeVersity2, a web based interactive data visualization tool that allows users to analyze change in datasets by creating dynamic hierarchies based on the data attributes. TreeVersity2 introduces a novel space filling visualization (StemView) to represent change in trees at multiple levels--not just at the leaf level. With this visualization users can explore absolute and relative changes, created and removed nodes, and each node's actual values, while maintaining the context of the tree. In addition, TreeVersity2 provides overviews of change over the entire time period, and a reporting tool that lists outliers in textual form, which helps users identify the major changes in the data without having to manually setup filters. We validated TreeVersity2 with 12 case studies with organizations as diverse as the National Cancer Institute, Federal Drug Administration, Department of Transportation, Office of the Bursar of the University of Maryland, or eBay. Our case studies demonstrated that TreeVersity2 is flexible enough to be used in different domains and provide useful insights for the data owners. A TreeVersity2 demo can be found at https://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu.
SPC (2006)

The Stream Processing Core (SPC) is distributed stream processing middleware designed to support applications that extract information from a large number of digital data streams. In this paper, we describe the SPC programming model which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to support stream-mining applications using a subscription-like model for specifying stream connections as well as to provide support for non-relational operators. This enables stream-mining applications to tap into, analyze and track an ever-changing array of data streams which may contain information relevant to the streaming-queries placed on it. We describe the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of the SPC distributed middleware, which deploys applications on to the running system in an incremental fashion, making stream connections as required. Using micro-benchmarks and a representative large-scale synthetic stream-mining application, we evaluate the performance of the control and data paths of the SPC middleware.
The carcinogenic risk of treatments for severe psoriasis (1994)

Long term exposure to PUVA and methotrexate significantly increases the risk of SCC in patients with psoriasis. This risk should be considered in selection of treatment. The ultimate morbidity of these tumors is undetermined.
Preparation of novel SiGe-free strained Si on insulator substrates (2002)

A novel SiGe-free SSOI substrate technology has been described. This method enables the fabrication of well controlled, epitaxially-defined, thin strained Si layers directly on insulator layers. Tensile strain levels of greater than 1% have been demonstrated in these structures, and are not diminished after thermal anneal cycles. The strain-inducing relaxed SiGe layer is absent from the final structure, eliminating some of the key problems inherent to other SSOI solutions.
Effect of carbamazepine on agitation in Alzheimer's inpatients refractory to neuroleptics. (1995)

Carbamazepine may be effective in treating agitation in severely demented Alzheimer's inpatients refractory to neuroleptic medication alone. The combination of carbamazepine and haloperidol seems to be promising in clinical management of elderly Alzheimer's patients.
Pitch and duration transformation with non-parallel data (2008)

In a voice transformation context, prosody transformation using parallel corpora is quite unrealistic as such corpora are difficult and also expensive to build.Based on this observation, we propose an approach for transforming prosody using nonparallel corpora thanks to the MLLR adaptation strategy.This methodology is applied to the joint transformation of duration and F0 at the syllable level.The source data are modelled by a GMM which is adapted to the target by applying a linear transformation to the mean vectors of the gaussian mixture.This methodology is applied to the conversion of duration and F0 between two french speakers and is evaluated by cross validation between the models and the test datasets.Taking the target model as reference, the adaptation enables to make 80% of the path between source and target data.
Coupled-mode analysis of phase-locked Injection laser arrays (1984)

For long-distance high-bit-rate optical communications it is desirable to have sources which operate in a stable single longitudinal mode and deliver maximum optical power to the receiver. One possibility Is to use phase-locked injection laser arrays which have been demonstrated to operate in a single longitudinal mode1,2 to output powers as high as 80-mW cw2 and in a single narrow beam to 200 mW.2 Strong coherent coupling between the array elements could in principle provide stable single-mode operation under modulation. Since these devices appear promising for high-power and/or single-mode applications in optical communications. we have developed the first model to utilize a coupled-mode analysis to describe the operation of phase-locked injection laser arrays. Previous analyses of phase-locked arrays have utilized simple diffraction theory3 which could only generally describe the experimental observations.
Studies of the Structure of the Metastasis-Associated 67 kDa Laminin Binding Protein: Fatty Acid Acylation and Evidence Supporting Dimerization of the 32 kDa Gene Product To Form the Mature Protein (1995)

The level of expression of the 67 kDa high-affinity laminin binding protein (LBP) correlates with the progression of many solid tumors. The cDNA clone for the 67 kDa LBP is sufficient to encode a polypeptide of only 32 kDa, and there is no readily identifiable mechanism for membrane association. We have overexpressed the transfected 67 kDa hamster LBP in quantities that have enabled us to analyze the membrane-bound form of the protein. Treatment of the purified LBP with methyl transesterification reagents, followed by GC-MS, identified the covalently bound fatty acids palmitate, stearate, and oleate. The fatty acid modification may provide a mechanism for membrane association. Molecular mass determination by MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated the true molecular mass of the protein to be 66.7 kDa, compatible with the SDS-PAGE observation of 67 kDa. Treatment of the LBP with neuraminidase, O-glycanase, or Endo-F glycosidase has no detectable effect on the apparent molecular mass of the protein, and the MALDI-TOF MS did not show evidence of mass heterogeneities typically observed with glycosylated proteins. Reduction with dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the apparent molecular mass on SDS-PAGE or on the relative quantities of molecular mass species on MALDI-TOF MS. The experimentally determined amino acid composition, however, was found to be consistent with the 67 kDa form being a homodimer of the 32 kDa precursor. Preliminary experiments also suggest that the high-affinity laminin binding characteristic of the protein may be modulated by an, as yet, unidentified membrane accessory molecule.
Utilization of Membranes for H<sub>2</sub> 0 Recycle System (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Conceptual studies of closed ecological life support systems (CELSS) carried out at NAL in Japan for a water recycle system using membranes&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; are reviewed. The system will treat water from shower room, urine, impure condensation from gas recycle system, and so on. The H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; O recycle system is composed of pre-filter, ultrafiltration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, and distillator. Some results are shown for a bullet train of toilet-flushing water recycle equipment with an ultrafiltration membrane module. The constant value of the permeation rate with a 4.7m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; of module is about 70 1/h after 500h of operation. Thermovaporization with porous polytetrafluorocarbon membrane is also proposed to replace the distillator.&lt;/div&gt;
High fat diet induces dysregulation of hepatic oxygen gradients and mitochondrial functionin vivo (2008)

NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), associated with obesity and the cardiometabolic syndrome, is an important medical problem affecting up to 20% of western populations. Evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in NAFLD initiation and progression to the more serious condition of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Herein we hypothesize that mitochondrial defects induced by exposure to a HFD (high fat diet) contribute to a hypoxic state in liver and this is associated with increased protein modification by RNS (reactive nitrogen species). To test this concept, C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed a control diet and HFD containing 35% and 71% total calories (1 cal approximately 4.184 J) from fat respectively, for 8 or 16 weeks and liver hypoxia, mitochondrial bioenergetics, NO (nitric oxide)-dependent control of respiration, and 3-NT (3-nitrotyrosine), a marker of protein modification by RNS, were examined. Feeding a HFD for 16 weeks induced NASH-like pathology accompanied by elevated triacylglycerols, increased CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1) and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) protein, and significantly enhanced hypoxia in the pericentral region of the liver. Mitochondria from the HFD group showed increased sensitivity to NO-dependent inhibition of respiration compared with controls. In addition, accumulation of 3-NT paralleled the hypoxia gradient in vivo and 3-NT levels were increased in mitochondrial proteins. Liver mitochondria from mice fed the HFD for 16 weeks exhibited depressed state 3 respiration, uncoupled respiration, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings indicate that chronic exposure to a HFD negatively affects the bioenergetics of liver mitochondria and this probably contributes to hypoxic stress and deleterious NO-dependent modification of mitochondrial proteins.
Synthetic Bilayer Membranes with Anionic Head Groups (1978)

Abstract Anionic amphiphiles which possess two normal alkyl groups as the hydrophobic residue and sulfonate, phosphate or carboxylate groups as the hydrophilic residue were prepared. Most of these compounds aggregate extensively in water to form vesicles and lamellae which are probably formed by the molecular bilayer. These aggregates are quite similar to the lecithin liposome with respect to the restricted molecular motion and cholesterol binding.
4‐Dialkylaminopyridines as Highly Active Acylation Catalysts. [New synthetic method (25)] (1978)

Abstract The synthesis of 4‐dialkylaminopyridines can be accomplished in two steps starting from pyridine. Compared to pyridine, these derivatives are approximately 10 4 times more active when used as acylation catalysts. Dialkylaminopyridines are being used with ever‐increasing frequency for acylation reactions which proceed either incompletely or not at all in pyridine. This article reviews the various possible applications of 4‐dialkylaminopyridines in terpene, steroid, carbohydrate and nucleoside chemistry as well as in the transformation of amino acids into α‐acyl aminoketones and polymerization of isocyanates. In addition, N ‐substituted 4‐dialkylaminopyridinium salts can be used for the transfer of sensitive groups to nucleophiles in aqueous medium. The exceptional catalytic effect of these derivatives, even in non‐polar solvents, is due, in part, to the formation of high concentrations of N ‐acylpyridinium salts which are present in solution as loosely‐bound, highly reactive ion pairs.
Protection of Encapsulated Human Islets Implanted Without Immunosuppression in Patients With Type I or Type II Diabetes and in Nondiabetic Control Subjects (1994)

Human islets were macroencapsulated in permselective hollow fiber membrane devices and successfully allotransplanted subcutaneously with > 90% viability after 2 weeks in situ. Recipients were patients with type I or type II diabetes and normal control subjects; none was immunosuppressed. Between 150 and 200 islet equivalents were implanted in each of the nine patients. No adverse patient complications were observed. Biocompatibility of devices was excellent. Insulin-positive beta-cells were confirmed in encapsulated islets recovered from the implanted devices in all patient populations including the type I diabetic patients. Glucose-stimulated insulin release could be demonstrated in vitro from recovered islets. These data demonstrate that macroencapsulated human islets can survive at the subcutaneous site and that permselective membranes can be designed to protect against both allogeneic immune responses as well as the autoimmune component of type I diabetes.
Immunological Relationships Between Homologous Structural Polypeptides of Measles and Canine Distemper Virus (1980)

SUMMARY The major structural polypeptides of measles and canine distemper virus (CDV) were isolated by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against the isolated HA, P, NP, F and M polypeptides were prepared. In addition, rabbit hyperimmune sera directed against purified native internal components of measles virus and against purified virions of measles and CDV, untreated or treated with trypsin, were prepared. These sera were used to study the immunological relationships between measles and CDV in immune precipitation tests with 35S-methionine-labelled extracellular virions and intracellular virus polypeptides and by use of complement fixation and mixed haemadsorption tests. An immunological relationship between the M polypeptides was demonstrated with sera against both native and partially denatured antigens. A reciprocal immunological cross-reactivity between the NP polypeptides was demonstrated by the use of sera directed against native antigens. However, antisera directed against the NP polypeptides isolated from gels did not show any cross-reaction, indicating that they lacked antibodies against the shared antigenic determinants. The immunological cross-reactivity between envelope components of the two viruses was analysed. A close reciprocal immunological relationship between the F polypeptides was demonstrated by immune precipitation of labelled polypeptides. Immunological cross-reactivity between the HA polypeptides of the two viruses could not be demonstrated by use of the same technique neither with sera directed against denatured antigen nor with sera against native antigen when extracellular denatured 35S-methionine-labelled purified virions were used in immune precipitation. A slight cross-reactivity could, however, be demonstrated with sera against native antigens in immune precipitation tests with 35S-methionine-labelled intracellular antigens. It is concluded that all the major structural polypeptides of measles and CDV show varying degrees of reciprocal immunological cross-reactions. The M polypeptides of the two viruses appear most closely related, whereas the HA polypeptides show the most pronounced differences.
Bio-inspired accommodating fluidic intraocular lens (2009)

The invention of intraocular lens (IOL), a substitute for crystalline lens, represents a major advancement in cataract surgery. After about sixty years of IOL development, one key remaining problem is its limited accommodation range compared with natural eyes. To overcome this performance limit, we explore bio-inspired fluidic IOL. By mimicking the working principle of natural eyes, a fluidic intraocular lens can achieve an exceedingly large accommodation range. An experiment on fluidic IOL demonstrated a very high tuning range of 12 D. This accommodation range was achieved with a modest amount of force (0.06 N) and equatorial radius change (0.286 mm), in conditions matching well with the characteristics of aged eyes.