gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large system analysis of projection based algorithms for the MIMO broadcast channel (2010)

Analytical results for the average sum rate achievable in the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) broadcast channel with algorithms relying on full channel state information at the transmitter are hard to obtain in practice. In the large system limit, when the number of transmit and receive antennas goes to infinity at a finite fixed ratio, however, the eigenvalues of many random matrices become deterministic and analytical expressions for the sum rate can be derived in some cases. In this paper we will present large system expressions for the sum rate for three sub-optimum algorithms, namely the Successive Encoding Successive Allocation Method (SESAM), Block Diagonalization and Block Diagonalization with Dirty Paper Coding. In case the large system limit of the sum rate does not exist, we derive lower bounds. By simulation results it is shown that the asymptotic results serve as a good approximation of the system performance with finite system parameters of reasonable size.
Quetiapine augmentation in depressed patients with partial response to antidepressants (2008)

This suggests clinical benefits of quetiapine augmentation of SSRI/SNRI antidepressants with no worsening, and possible improvements in cognition.
Difficulties encountered in the search for the etiologic agents of destructive periodontal diseases (1987)

The present paper outlines some of the difficulties encountered in the search for the etiologic agents of destructive periodontal diseases. These include technical problems such as acquiring an appropriate microbial sample, as well as difficulties in the dispersion, cultivation and identification of isolates in that sample. Many of these difficulties are currently being successfully addressed. A second set of problems is more conceptual in nature. These include difficulties in distinguishing between periodontal diseases and determining the state of activity of periodontal lesions. In addition, complexes of organisms and/or sequences of species may be involved in the progress of lesions. A further problem is encountered in attempting to distinguish overgrowths of opportunistic species from increases in proportions of true pathogens. Finally, it appears likely that different infections occur at the same time in a single oral cavity. The technical and conceptual difficulties eventually filter down to the data analytical step and present numerous problems to the analyst. With all of these difficulties in mind, it is not surprising that the etiologic agents of destructive periodontal diseases are not clearly defined. However, improvement in technological assessments of the microbiota and clinical evaluation of the disease should permit reasoned approaches to be taken. The delineation of the etiologic agents of destructive periodontal diseases will be, of necessity, a multistage iterative process. Etiologic agents will be suggested by predominant cultivable studies and hypotheses concerning subsets of these agents tested using more specific procedures such as selective media, immunofluorescent techniques or DNA probes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reweighting to Achieve Elliptically Contoured Covariates in Regression (1994)

Abstract We investigate a method of constructing weights to induce elliptically contoured covariates in regression analyses. Much recent work in regression has identified various data analytic and model robustness advantages associated with such covariates. In particular, new estimation methods like SIR, SIRII, SAVE, and PHD have been built around the assumption of elliptically contoured covariates. Finite samples of regression covariates may deviate from this ideal in practice, and the method developed here, termed Voronoi weighting, can be used to induce elliptical symmetry in such samples. In a number of examples, we show that reweighting cases by the Voronoi method can substantially enhance various procedures. For covariates that deviate from elliptical symmetry, we show that Voronoi weighting, in conjunction with some trimming via the minimum volume ellipsoid method, can be effective. Key Words: Monte Carlo samplingSAVESliced inverse regressionVoronoi tesselation
Haplotype Variation and Linkage Disequilibrium in 313 Human Genes (2001)

Variation within genes has important implications for all biological traits. We identified 3899 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were present within 313 genes from 82 unrelated individuals of diverse ancestry, and we organized the SNPs into 4304 different haplotypes. Each gene had several variable SNPs and haplotypes that were present in all populations, as well as a number that were population-specific. Pairs of SNPs exhibited variability in the degree of linkage disequilibrium that was a function of their location within a gene, distance from each other, population distribution, and population frequency. Haplotypes generally had more information content (heterozygosity) than did individual SNPs. Our analysis of the pattern of variation strongly supports the recent expansion of the human population.
Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery MRI Is Useful to Detect the CSF Dissemination of Glioblastoma (2001)

We present three cases of glioblastoma with CSF dissemination that contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI was sensitive enough to detect compared with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. An autopsy was performed on one patient, and its histologic findings proved the existence of CSF dissemination.
Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide by Ce(IV)-Induced Redox Polymerization (2011)

Stimuli-responsive polymers, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), were covalently grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide through a facile redox polymerization initiated by cerium ammonium nitrate in aqueous solution at mild temperature. Thermogravimetric and element analyses show that the graft ratio of polymers increased with the increase of feeding amount of monomers. Atomic force microscopy reveals that the size and morphology of graphene oxide are well retained after the redox polymerization, with the exception of being covered by a homogeneous layer of polymer. The covalently grafted poly(acrylic acid) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) afforded pH and thermal responsibility to graphene oxide, and the assemble–disassemble behaviors of polymer-grafted graphene oxide in aqueous solution could be controlled by varying the pH or temperature of the solution, which provided a favorable strategy to handle the aqueous solution of graphene oxide.
Vessel diameter–stem diameter scaling across woody angiosperms and the ecological causes of xylem vessel diameter variation (2012)

Variation in angiosperm vessel diameter is of major functional significance. In the light of recent models predicting optimal vessel taper given resistance imposed by conductive path length, we tested the prediction that plant size should predict vessel diameter, with dryland plants having narrower vessels for their stem sizes. We assembled a comparative dataset including vessel and stem diameter measurements from 237 species from over 40 angiosperm orders across a wide range of habits and habitats. Stem diameter predicted vessel diameter across self-supporting plants (slope 0.36, 95% CI 0.32-0.39). Samples from 142 species from five communities of differing water availability showed no tendency for dryland plants to have narrower vessels. Predictable relationships between vessel diameter and stem diameter mirrored predictable relationships between stem length and diameter across self-supporting species. That vessels are proportional to stem diameter and stem diameter is proportional to stem length suggests that taper in relation to conductive path length gives rise to the vessel diameter-stem diameter relationship. In turn, plant size is related to climate, leading indirectly to the vessel-climate relationship: vessels are likely narrower in drier communities because dryland plants are on average smaller, not because they have narrow vessels for their stem sizes.
Changes in basic cardiovascular activities during the lifetime of the rat (1976)

Abstract In an effort to characterize rats as animal models for aging research, literature dealing with cardiovascular physiology and structure has been reviewed, and available data has been summarized in tabular form. The approach has been to present functional parameters on the basis of rat strain, age, sex, and experimental condition, in the cases where these were known, so as to develop a unified reference source of baseline data. Hemodynamic properties, such as heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure and related vascular parameters, have been found to change during the lifetime of rats in such a way as to make the cardiovascular system less efficient in meeting organismal requirements with increasing age. At the cellular level, changes in structure, electrophysiology, and contractile properties have been reported which could account, at least in part, for observed deterioration in cardiovascular function during aging.
TECHNIQUES, RATIONALE, AND OUTCOMES OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING (2011)

Internal limiting membrane peeling may serve as an important component in the armamentarium of retinal surgery.
Induction of immune tolerance to coagulation factor IX antigen by in vivo hepatic gene transfer (2003)

Gene replacement therapy is an attractive approach for treatment of genetic disease, but may be complicated by the risk of a neutralizing immune response to the therapeutic gene product. There are examples of humoral and cellular immune responses against the transgene product as well as absence of such responses, depending on vector design and the underlying mutation in the dysfunctional gene. It has been unclear, however, whether transgene expression can induce tolerance to the therapeutic antigen. Here, we demonstrate induction of immune tolerance to a secreted human coagulation factor IX (hF.IX) antigen by adeno-associated viral gene transfer to the liver. Tolerized mice showed absence of anti-hF.IX and substantially reduced in vitro T cell responses after immunization with hF.IX in adjuvant. Tolerance induction was antigen specific, affected a broad range of Th cell subsets, and was favored by higher levels of transgene expression as determined by promoter strength, vector dose, and mouse strain. Hepatocyte-derived hF.IX expression induced regulatory CD4(+) T cells that can suppress anti-hF.IX formation after adoptive transfer. With a strain-dependent rate of success, tolerance to murine F.IX was induced in mice with a large F.IX gene deletion, supporting the relevance of these data for treatment of hemophilia B and other genetic diseases.
High efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using carbazole-type triplet exciton blocking layer (2007)

Device performances of green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using (4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole)biphenyl (CBP) and N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) as an exciton blocking layer were investigated. CBP and mCP were introduced between hole transport layer and emitting layer to block triplet exciton quenching and efficient hole transport to emitting layer. The efficiency of green devices could be improved by more than three times by using mCP exciton blocking layer.
PSMA, EpCAM, VEGF and GRPR as Imaging Targets in Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Radiotherapy (2014)

In this retrospective pilot study, the expression of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in locally recurrent prostate cancer after brachytherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was investigated, and their adequacy for targeted imaging was analyzed. Prostate cancer specimens were collected of 17 patients who underwent salvage prostatectomy because of locally recurrent prostate cancer after brachytherapy or EBRT. Immunohistochemistry was performed. A pathologist scored the immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and stroma. Staining for PSMA was seen in 100% (17/17), EpCAM in 82.3% (14/17), VEGF in 82.3% (14/17) and GRPR in 100% (17/17) of prostate cancer specimens. Staining for PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF was seen in 0% (0/17) and for GRPR in 100% (17/17) of the specimens' stromal compartments. In 11.8% (2/17) of cases, the GRPR staining intensity of prostate cancer was higher than stroma, while in 88.2% (15/17), the staining was equal. Based on the absence of stromal staining, PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF show high tumor distinctiveness. Therefore, PSMA, EpCAM and VEGF can be used as targets for the bioimaging of recurrent prostate cancer after EBRT to exclude metastatic disease and/or to plan local salvage therapy.
Grafting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) brushes on oxides using click chemistry (2009)

Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) brushes on silicon dioxide (SiO2) were prepared using a click reaction between ethynyl-terminated P3HT and an azide self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Regioregular ethynyl-terminated P3HT with molecular weight of 5900 g mol−1 and polydispersity of 1.2 was synthesized by catalyst-transfer polycondensation using Grignard metathesis mediated by a nickel-based catalyst. The azide SAM was prepared from bifunctional molecules containing azide and siloxane as click reaction precursor and surface linker, respectively. The P3HT brushes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The grafting of P3HT brushes was studied as a function of click reaction time and the growth of the brushes is governed by a diffusion-controlled process. P3HT brushes were prepared on pre-fabricated field-effect transistor structures in order to probe the electrical properties of the brushes. The versatile synthetic methodology developed in this work can be generalized to prepare a wide variety of semiconducting conjugated polymer brushes on oxide surfaces relevant to organic electronic devices.
Pharmacogenetic differences between warfarin, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon (2008)

Coumarin oral anticoagulant drugs have proven to be effective for the prevention of thromboembolic events. World-wide, warfarin is the most prescribed drug. In Europe, acenocoumarol and phenprocoumon are also administered. Yet it has been proven that variant alleles of the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs. The combination of these two variant genotypes is a major cause of the inter-individual differences in coumarin anticoagulant drug dosage. Individuals who test positive for both variant genotypes are at increased risk of major bleeding. The impact of the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype is most significant during the initial period of coumarin anticoagulant therapy. The effect of VKORC1 allelic variants is relatively similar for all three VKAs. The CYP2C9 polymorphism is associated with delayed stabilisation for coumarin anticoagulants. The effects of CYP2C9 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and anticoagulant response are least pronounced in the case of phenprocoumon. In the long term, patients using phenprocoumon have more often international normalised ratio (INR) values in the therapeutic range, requiring fewer monitoring visits. This leads us to conclude that in the absence of pharmacogenetic testing, phenprocoumon seems preferable for use in long-term therapeutic anticoagulation. Pharmacogenetic testing before initiating coumarin oral anticoagulants may add to the safety of all coumarin anticoagulants especially in the elderly receiving multiple drugs.
High-throughput combinatorial screening identifies drugs that cooperate with ibrutinib to kill activated B-cell–like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells (2014)

The clinical development of drug combinations is typically achieved through trial-and-error or via insight gained through a detailed molecular understanding of dysregulated signaling pathways in a specific cancer type. Unbiased small-molecule combination (matrix) screening represents a high-throughput means to explore hundreds and even thousands of drug-drug pairs for potential investigation and translation. Here, we describe a high-throughput screening platform capable of testing compounds in pairwise matrix blocks for the rapid and systematic identification of synergistic, additive, and antagonistic drug combinations. We use this platform to define potential therapeutic combinations for the activated B-cell-like subtype (ABC) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We identify drugs with synergy, additivity, and antagonism with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, which targets the chronic active B-cell receptor signaling that characterizes ABC DLBCL. Ibrutinib interacted favorably with a wide range of compounds, including inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling cascade, other B-cell receptor pathway inhibitors, Bcl-2 family inhibitors, and several components of chemotherapy that is the standard of care for DLBCL.
The anti‐amnesic and neuroprotective effects of donepezil against amyloid β25‐35peptide‐induced toxicity in mice involve an interaction with theσ1receptor (2006)

The potent anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of donepezil against Abeta(25-35)-induced toxicity involve both its cholinergic and sigma(1) agonistic properties. This dual action may explain its sustained activity compared to other ChE inhibitors.
Effects of Nigella sativa on outcome of hepatitis C in Egypt (2013)

AIM: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of Nigella sativa (N. sativa ) in patients with hepatitis C not eligible for interferon (IFN)-α. METHODS: Thirty patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, who were not eligible for IFN/ribavirin therapy, were included in the present study. Inclusion criteria included: patients with HCV with or without cirrhosis, who had a contraindication to IFN-α therapy, or had refused or had a financial constraint to IFN-α therapy. Exclusion criteria included: patients on IFN-α therapy, infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis Ⅰ virus, hepatocellular carcinoma, other malignancies, major severe illness, or treatment non-compliance. Various parameters, including clinical parameters, complete blood count, liver function, renal function, plasma glucose, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and polymerase chain reaction, were all assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Clinical assessment included: hepato and/ or splenomegaly, jaundice, palmar erythema, flapping tremors, spider naevi, lower-limb edema, and ascites. N. sativa was administered for three successive months at a dose of (450 mg three times daily). Clinical response and incidence of adverse drug reactions were assessed initially, periodically, and at the end of the study. RESULTS: N. sativa administration significantly improved HCV viral load (380808.7 ± 610937 vs 147028.2 ± 475225.6, P = 0.001) and TAC (1.35 ± 0.5 vs 1.612 ± 0.56, P = 0.001). After N. sativa administration, the following laboratory parameters improved: total protein (7.1 ± 0.7 vs 7.5 ± 0.8, P = 0.001), albumin (3.5 ± 0.87 vs 3.69 ± 0.91, P = 0.008), red blood cell count (4.13 ± 0.9 vs 4.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.001), and platelet count (167.7 ± 91.2 vs 198.5 ± 103, P = 0.004). Fasting blood glucose (104.03 ± 43.42 vs 92.1 ± 31.34, P = 0.001) and postprandial blood glucose (143.67 ± 72.56 vs 112.1 ± 42.9, P = 0.001) were significantly decreased in both diabetic and non-diabetic HCV patients. Patients with lower-limb edema de
The Conversion of Fructose and Glucose in Acidic Media: Formation of Hydroxymethylfurfural (1986)

Abstract The effects of several variables on the reactions of fructose and glucose in acidic media have been studied at moderate reaction conditions. Glucose gives rise to the reversible formation of oligosaccharides (reversion products). Fructose was dehydrated into mixtures of hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, and humines. In addition, substantial reversible dimerisation of fructose occurred in acidic aqueous solutions. The dimerisation equilibrium, which is shifted by a decrease in the water concentration, lowers the concentration of reactive fructose thereby affecting the selectivity of the dehydration process. p ‐Toluenesulfonic acid proved to be the most effective catalyst for the formation of HMF from fructose. No specific salt effects were found for the hydrochloric acid catalyzed dehydration of fructose.
Combined action of nisin and carvacrol on Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes (1999)

Nisin, a small antimicrobial protein, was tested for its bactericidal action against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus and a typical biphasic reduction of the viable count was observed. The reduction was most fast during the first 10 min of exposure, while the viable count remained stable in the last part of the exposure period. Bacillus cereus was more sensitive towards nisin than L. monocytogenes and the inhibitory effect of nisin was stronger towards cells cultivated and exposed at 8 degrees C than towards cells cultivated and exposed at 20 degrees C. Combining nisin with sublethal doses of carvacrol resulted in an increased reduction in the viable count of both organisms, indicating synergy between nisin and carvacrol. Addition of lysozyme as a third preservative factor increased the synergistic effect between nisin and carvone, especially in the last part of the exposure period.
Alteration of Streptococcus pneumoniae membrane properties by the folate analog methotrexate (1984)

The antifolate compound methotrexate (MTX) is toxic to the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Interaction of MTX with this bacterium resulted in an increase in the electric transmembrane potential (delta psi) and enhanced the delta psi-dependent uptake of isoleucine and MTX. In contrast, delta psi-independent uptake of glutamine was not changed. Folate, a nontoxic analog of MTX, did not exhibit these membrane effects, nor did it prevent the effect of MTX, suggesting that the NH2 in position 4 of the pteridine ring of the MTX molecule is involved in the MTX response. A strain bearing the nonsense mutation amiA9, selected for MTX resistance, did not exhibit increased membrane potential after MTX pretreatment. This suggests that MTX interacts with a specific membrane component in S. pneumoniae. A resulting change in ion permeability could lead to changes in the magnitude of the delta psi. The MTX-sensitive component is altered or absent in mutant amiA9.
One-pot ATRP synthesis of a triple hydrophilic block copolymer with dual LCSTs and its thermo-induced association behavior (2012)

We report, for the first time, a facile one-pot ATRP synthesis of a triple hydrophilic block copolymer (THBC), PEG-b-PNIPAAm-b-P(NIPAAm-co-HEAAm), with dual LCSTs. The resulting THBCs exhibit a thermal-induced two-stage transition starting from unimers to micelles, and finally to vesicles upon increasing temperature.