gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt-7a Up-regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Expression and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Corneal Epithelial Cells during Wound Healing (2005)

Corneal wound repair involves the rapid coverage of a denuded area by residual epithelial cells. During wound healing, there are different cell behaviors in different regions of the epithelium: cell proliferation in the peripheral epithelium and cell migration in the central epithelium. We found that Wnt-7a was rapidly induced in the wounded cornea, promoted the proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, and enhanced wound closure. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) was detected in the peripheral epithelium, where cell proliferation was enhanced, but was diminished in the migrating central epithelium. Wnt-7a induced the accumulation of beta-catenin and the activation of Rac and beta-catenin, and Rac synergistically induced the transcription of MMP-12. Blocking the function of MMP-12 delayed wound closure induced by Wnt-7a. Our results also suggest that, in addition to the beta-catenin pathway, Wnt-7a might induce a beta-catenin-independent pathway. By regulating the proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, Wnt-7a and MMP-12 appear to contribute to corneal wound healing.
High affinity binding of paclitaxel to human serum albumin (2001)

Paclitaxel, a very potent antitumor agent is a hydrophobic molecule with low aqueous solubility. Its currently used formula (Taxol) contains the drug in a 1 : 1 (v/v) mixture of ethanol and Cremophor EL. To minimize vehicle-related toxicity, we developed a novel, water-soluble formulation in which paclitaxel is bound noncovalently to human serum albumin. For this purpose, studies of the paclitaxel-albumin binding equilibrium were performed. Paclitaxel dissolved in ethanol was added to the aqueous solution of human serum albumin. Precipitated paclitaxel was removed and unbound drug was separated by ultrafiltration. Paclitaxel concentration was measured by RP-HPLC. Binding data were evaluated based both on the Scatchard plot and the general binding equation describing binding equilibria with the stepwise stoichiometric binding constants. The Scatchard plot was found to be curvilinear with a slight positive slope of the final part. Parameters of high affinity specific binding were determined from the initial part of the curve (nsp = 1.3 and Ksp = 1.7 x 10(6) M(-1)). Stoichiometric binding constants were estimated by fitting the general binding equation to the experimental data (K1 = 2.4 x 10(6) M(-1) and K2 = 1.0 x 10(5) M(-1)). Saturation of the protein with paclitaxel, similarly to other ligands of albumin, could not be reached. The greatest observed value of r (number of paclitaxel molecules bound to one albumin molecule) was 6.6.
Treprostinil for the treatment of severe digital necrosis in systemic sclerosis (2005)

We report a case of severe digital ulcerations associated with systemic sclerosis, successfully treated with treprostinil (Remodulin). There was improvement within days of the treatment initiation; complete healing was accomplished after 16 weeks of therapy. Patients with systemic sclerosis and peripheral small vessel disease have limited therapeutic options. Treprostinil is a prostacyclin analogue that can be delivered by subcutaneous infusion and is approved in the USA only for treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. This report provides an impressive example of an alternative, complementary indication for the use of treprostinil.
Severe hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron administration (2017)

Iron deficiency is common and can be effectively treated with parenteral iron infusion. We report a case of an iron-deficient and vitamin D-deficient woman who developed severe symptomatic hypophosphataemia following intravenous ferric carboxymaltose administration. We stress the need of increased awareness of this potential complication among physicians. Patients should be informed of this complication and instructed to report for follow-up if they experience new musculoskeletal symptoms or worsening of tiredness. As severe hypophosphataemia is usually symptomatic, we recommend screening symptomatic patients for this complication. Recognising and treating the possible exacerbating factors, especially vitamin D deficiency, might be a simple measure to mitigate this complication.
Insertion Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1998)

Insertion electrode materials are included in the majority of ambient-temperature rechargeable batteries. The reason for their widespread application is the fact that electrochemical insertion ("electroinsertion") reactions are intrinsically simple and reversible. The term electroinsertion refers to a host/guest solid-state redox reaction involving electrochemical charge transfer coupled with insertion of mobile guest ions from an electrolyte into the structure of a solid host, which is a mixed electronic and ionic conductor. [...]
Novel Thymidine Analogues via Reaction of Unprotected 5'-Deoxy-5'-iodothymidine with Dianions (1990)

&&%t-Reaction of 5'-deoxy-5'-iodothymidine with a variety of dianions gave novel thymidine analogues in moderate to good yields.There is currently much synthetic effort being expended in nucleoside chemistry due to the potential of modified nucleosides as antimetabolites.We were therefore surprised to find no examples of carbon-carbon bond forming reactions with anions or dianions using unprotected nucleoside derivatives.Carbon-carbon bond formation from the 5'-carbon of a nucleoside is generaly conducted in six or more steps: selective protection of the 5'-primary alcohol, protection of the secondary hydroxy group(s), selective deprotection of the primary alcohol, oxidation of the alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde, Wittig reaction followed by hydrogenation if required, and finally deprotection of the secondary hydroxy group(s).'Such unattractive protection-deprotection sequences are common in nucleoside chemistry.Despite its wide synthetic importance, the displacement reaction of primary halides or tosylates by carbanions has rarely been used in nucleoside chemistry.
Real-Time Pose Graph SLAM based on Radar (2019)

This work presents a real-time pose graph based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system for automotive Radar.&#13;\nThe algorithm constructs a map from Radar detections using the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method to match consecutive scans obtained from a single, front-facing Radar sensor.&#13;\nThe algorithm is evaluated on a range of real-world datasets and shows mean translational errors as low as 0.62 m and demonstrates robustness on long tracks.&#13;\nUsing a single Radar, our proposed system achieves state-of-the-art performance when compared to other Radar-based SLAM algorithms that use multiple, higher-resolution Radars.
Development of domperidone bilayered matrix type transdermal patches: physicochemical, in vitro and ex vivo characterization. (2010)

Domperidone bilayered matrix type transdermal therapeutic systems could be prepared with the required flux and suitable mechanical properties.
Effects of genetic engineering on the pharmacokinetics of antibodies. (1999)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) may be considered 'magic bullets' due to their ability to recognize and eradicate malignant cells. MAbs, however, have practical limitations for their rapid application in the clinics. The structure of antibody molecules can be engineered to modify functional domains such as antigen-binding sites and/or effector functions. Advances in genetic engineering have provided rapid progress in the development of new immunoglobulin constructs of MAbs with defined research and therapeutic application. Recombinant antibody constructs are being engineered, such as human-mouse chimeric, domain-dispositioned, domain-deleted, humanized and single-chain Fv fragments. Genetically-engineered antibodies differ in size and rate of catabolism. Pharmacokinetic studies show that the intact IgG (150 kD), enzymatically derived fragments Fab' (50 kD) and single chain Fv (28 kD) have different clearance rates. These antibody forms clear 50% from the blood pool in 2.1 days, 30 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. Genetically-engineered antibodies make a new class of immunotherapeutic tracers for cancer treatment.
Passive immunization in ARC and AIDS (1990)

The human immune deficiency viruses HIV-I and HIV-2 are the only lentiviruses to infect man. Thus we should expect them to have a unique pathology. Most of the people who are infected develop a vigorous immune response which may be protective for many years, but ultimately fails to prevent the depletion of CD4 + helper T lymphocytes. Thus most HIV-infected individuals will eventually develop AIDS. The virus is genetically unstable [1]; this may be how it overcomes the patient's immune system. In contrast the only oncovirus known to infect man, the adult T-cell leukaemia virus (ATLV/HTLV-1), usually causes a latent infection with a very low rate of disease (1:2000) (Y. Hinuma, personal communication). This is due to the effective immune response and surveillance which confers life long protection, probably because ATLV does not mutate at a significant rate [2]. To understand the reasons for the high morbidity and subsequent mortality of HIV infection it will be useful to review the biology and origins of these viruses. In order to appreciate the unique pathology of HIV infection and disease it is important to know since when and how it came to infect mankind. Tracing the origin of HIV might help to explain why in the long term no one who is infected would be safe from a fatal outcome.
A Synthetic Trivalent Hapten that Aggregates anti-2,4-DNP IgG into Bicyclic Trimers (2007)

This paper describes the synthesis of the trivalent hapten molecule 1, containing three 2,4-dinitrophenyl (2,4-DNP) groups, and the use of this molecule to aggregate three molecules of anti-2,4-DNP IgG into a complex with 3:2 stoichiometry (IgG312). The equilibrium product IgG312 was generated in approximately 90% yield upon mixing IgG and 1; during incubation, thermodynamically unstable, high-molecular-weight aggregates (>104 nm in diameter) form first and convert subsequently to IgG312. The thermodynamics and the kinetics of the formation of aggregates were studied using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). An analytical model based on multiple species in equilibrium was developed and used to interpret the SE-HPLC data. The aggregate IgG312 was more stable thermodynamically and kinetically than monomeric aggregates of this IgG with monomeric derivatives of 2,4-DNP; this stability suggests potential applications of these aggregates in biotechnology.
First Total Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatin: An Unusual Set of Problems (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFirst Total Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatin: An Unusual Set of ProblemsXinrong Tian, Tomas Hudlicky, and Kurt KoenigsbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12, 3643–3644Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00117a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1583Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (290 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Eight-Letter DNA (2019)

Steve Benner and collaborators have recently reported an analysis of DNA containing eight nucleotide letters, the four natural letters (dG, dC, dA, and dT) and four additional letters (dP, dZ, dS, and dB). Their analysis demonstrates that the additional letters do not perturb the structure or stability of the base pairs formed between the natural letters and, remarkably, that the new base pairs, dP-dZ and dS-dB, behave virtually identically to the natural base pairs. This unprecedented result convincingly demonstrates that the thermodynamic and structural behavior previously thought to be the purview of only natural DNA is in fact not unique and can be imparted to suitably designed synthetic components. In addition, the first evidence that the eight-letter DNA can be transcribed into RNA by a mutant RNA polymerase is presented, paving the way for the transfer of more information from one biopolymer to another. Along with others working to develop unnatural DNA base pairs for both in vitro and in vivo applications, this work represents an important step toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet, a central goal of synthetic biology, and has profound implications for our understanding of the molecules and forces that can make life possible.
Novel route guidance displays (1993)

The problem of how a computer-based system could visually communicate to a driver how to proceed through a succession of intersections is addressed. Two different types of displays are compared: a traditional map display is used that shows the route to follow from a bird's eye view and in a global coordinate system; and a novel perspective display is developed that represents the driving instructions in a driver-centered coordinate system. Three related experiments are conducted, and the results indicate that a display that provides the driving instructions in a driver-centered framework performs best. These results lead to the proposal of a further display that combines the attractive features of both the map and the perspective display, thereby providing drivers with both a driver-centered and a global perspective.
A multiplexed Bragg grating fiber laser sensor system (1993)

A technique for multiplexing Bragg gratings in a fiber laser arrangement is described. This technique has successfully been used to multiplex two and three Bragg gratings with very little crosstalk. The Bragg grating laser sensors were used to measure both strain and temperature. Independent strain and temperature tuning of the gratings shows no crosstalk.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phosphorylation of the PTEN Tail Regulates Protein Stability and Function (2000)

The PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor localized in the frequently altered chromosomal region 10q23. The tumor suppressor function of the PTEN protein (PTEN) has been linked to its ability to dephosphorylate the lipid second-messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and, by doing so, to antagonize the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. The PTEN protein consists of an amino-terminal phosphatase domain, a lipid binding C2 domain, and a 50-amino-acid C-terminal domain (the "tail") of unknown function. A number of studies have shown that the tail is dispensable for both phosphatase activity and blocking cell growth. Here, we show that the PTEN tail is necessary for maintaining protein stability and that it also acts to inhibit PTEN function. Thus, removing the tail results in a loss of stability but does not result in a loss of function because the resultant protein is more active. Furthermore, tail-dependent regulation of stability and activity is linked to the phosphorylation of three residues (S380, T382, and T383) within the tail. Therefore, the tail is likely to mediate the regulation of PTEN function through phosphorylation.
Antioxidant Activity of Degradable Polymer Poly(trolox ester) to Suppress Oxidative Stress Injury in the Cells (2009)

Abstract Oxidative stress is a pathological condition that has been implicated as a central player in a variety of diseases, including vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. More recently, oxidative stress has also been shown to be involved in the biological incompatibility of many materials, especially at the nanoscale. As such, there is a critical need for new biomaterials that can inhibit this response, improving the compatibility of medical devices. In this work, trolox, a synthetic antioxidant and water‐soluble analogue of Vitamin E, is polymerized to form an oxidation active polymer as a new class of biomaterial. Synthesized poly(trolox ester) polymers were formulated into nanoparticles using a single emulsion technique, and their size was controlled by changing the polymer concentration in the organic solvent. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity, protective effects against cellular oxidative stress, and degradation kinetics were all evaluated. Poly(trolox ester) nanoparticles were found to have little to no cytotoxicity and were capable of suppressing cellular oxidative stress induced by cobalt nanoparticles. In vitro degradation studies of poly(trolox ester) nanoparticles indicate that the antioxidant activity of nanoparticles was derived from its enzymatic degradation to release active antioxidants.
A 76 GHz multiple-beam planar reflector antenna (2002)

A multiple-beam antenna based on the principles of a folded reflectarray antenna and a bifocal antenna is presented. Experimental results are given for a 76.5 GHz antenna with 90 mm diameter, a height of 26 mm, and a scanning range of ±13.5 as well as for an antenna with 130 mm diameter, a height of 30 mm, and a principle scanning range of ±30°. With its low height and potentially low fabrication cost, this antenna is an interesting candidate for next generation automotive radars.
Group motion editing (2008)

Animating a crowd of characters is an important problem in computer graphics. The latest techniques enable highly realistic group motions to be produced in feature animation films and video games. However, interactive methods have not emerged yet for editing the existing group motion of multiple characters. We present an approach to editing group motion as a whole while maintaining its neighborhood formation and individual moving trajectories in the original animation as much as possible. The user can deform a group motion by pinning or dragging individuals. Multiple group motions can be stitched or merged to form a longer or larger group motion while avoiding collisions. These editing operations rely on a novel graph structure, in which vertices represent positions of individuals at specific frames and edges encode neighborhood formations and moving trajectories. We employ a shape-manipulation technique to minimize the distortion of relative arrangements among adjacent vertices while editing the graph structure. The usefulness and flexibility of our approach is demonstrated through examples in which the user creates and edits complex crowd animations interactively using a collection of group motion clips.
Identification of the Carbohydrate Moieties and Glycosylation Motifs in Campylobacter jejuni Flagellin (2001)

Flagellins from three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Campylobacter coli were shown to be extensively modified by glycosyl residues, imparting an approximate 6000-Da shift from the molecular mass of the protein predicted from the DNA sequence. Tryptic peptides from C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin were subjected to capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry with a high/low orifice stepping to identify peptide segments of aberrant masses together with their corresponding glycosyl appendages. These modified peptides were further characterized by tandem mass spectrometry and preparative high performance liquid chromatography followed by nano-NMR spectroscopy to identify the nature and precise site of glycosylation. These analyses have shown that there are 19 modified Ser/Thr residues in C. jejuni 81-176 flagellin. The predominant modification found on C. jejuni flagellin was O-linked 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid (pseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac) with additional heterogeneity conferred by substitution of the acetamido groups with acetamidino and hydroxyproprionyl groups. In C. jejuni 81-176, the gene Cj1316c, encoding a protein of unknown function, was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis and/or the addition of the acetamidino group on Pse5Ac7Ac. Glycosylation is not random, since 19 of the total 107 Ser/Thr residues are modified, and all but one of these are restricted to the central, surface-exposed domain of flagellin when folded in the filament. The mechanism of attachment appears unrelated to a consensus peptide sequence but is rather based on surface accessibility of Ser/Thr residues in the folded protein.
Origin and evolution of spliceosomal introns (2012)

Evolution of exon-intron structure of eukaryotic genes has been a matter of long-standing, intensive debate. The introns-early concept, later rebranded 'introns first' held that protein-coding genes were interrupted by numerous introns even at the earliest stages of life's evolution and that introns played a major role in the origin of proteins by facilitating recombination of sequences coding for small protein/peptide modules. The introns-late concept held that introns emerged only in eukaryotes and new introns have been accumulating continuously throughout eukaryotic evolution. Analysis of orthologous genes from completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes revealed numerous shared intron positions in orthologous genes from animals and plants and even between animals, plants and protists, suggesting that many ancestral introns have persisted since the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Reconstructions of intron gain and loss using the growing collection of genomes of diverse eukaryotes and increasingly advanced probabilistic models convincingly show that the LECA and the ancestors of each eukaryotic supergroup had intron-rich genes, with intron densities comparable to those in the most intron-rich modern genomes such as those of vertebrates. The subsequent evolution in most lineages of eukaryotes involved primarily loss of introns, with only a few episodes of substantial intron gain that might have accompanied major evolutionary innovations such as the origin of metazoa. The original invasion of self-splicing Group II introns, presumably originating from the mitochondrial endosymbiont, into the genome of the emerging eukaryote might have been a key factor of eukaryogenesis that in particular triggered the origin of endomembranes and the nucleus. Conversely, splicing errors gave rise to alternative splicing, a major contribution to the biological complexity of multicellular eukaryotes. There is no indication that any prokaryote has ever possessed a spliceosome or introns in protein-coding genes, other than relatively rare mobile self-splicing introns. Thus, the introns-first scenario is not supported by any evidence but exon-intron structure of protein-coding genes appears to have evolved concomitantly with the eukaryotic cell, and introns were a major factor of evolution throughout the history of eukaryotes.