gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new optimizer using particle swarm theory (2002)

The optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is described. Implementations of two paradigms are discussed and compared, including a recently developed locally oriented paradigm. Benchmark testing of both paradigms is described, and applications, including neural network training and robot task learning, are proposed. Relationships between particle swarm optimization and both artificial life and evolutionary computation are reviewed.
WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas 2005: histological and molecular aspects (2005)

This classification is as much as possible compatible with the concept of the WHO classification for nodal lymphomas and the EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas. The histological, phenotypical and molecular genetic features always have to be interpreted in the context of the clinical features and biologic behavior.
Wearable Cuff-Less Blood Pressure Estimation at Home via Pulse Transit Time (2020)

A custom watch (SeismoWatch) capable of taking multiple BP measurements enables reliable remote monitoring of daily BP and paves the way towards convenient hypertension screening and management, which can potentially reduce hospitalizations and improve quality of life.
Generation of an inhibitory circuit involving CD8+ T cells, IL-2, and NK cell-derived TGF-beta: contrasting effects of anti-CD2 and anti-CD3. (1998)

Although the phenomenon of immunosuppression is well established, the mechanisms involved in the generation of lymphocytes with down-regulatory activity are poorly understood. Unlike anti-CD3 antibodies, mitogenic combinations of anti-CD2 antibodies do not stimulate human PBL to produce IgM or IgG. In determining the reason for this difference, we have found that anti-CD2 triggers an inhibitory circuit facilitated by TGF-beta provided by NK cells. Stimulation of PBL with anti-CD2, but not anti-CD3, generated substantial amounts of active TGF-beta. NK cells were found to be a significant source of TGF-beta and were the only lymphocyte population that constitutively produced this cytokine. Anti-CD2 enhanced the production of active TGF-beta by purified NK cells. TGF-beta. After the removal of NK cells or the addition of anti-TGF-beta, anti-CD2 could stimulate Ig production. Anti-TGF-beta had to be added within the first 24 h for a maximal effect. Moreover, a short, overnight exposure of CD8+ T cells to TGF-beta could prime them for suppressor activity provided that IL-2 was also present. Thus, the presence of active TGF-beta coincident with CD8+ T cell activation can condition these cells to mediate down-regulatory activity, and NK cells can serve as the source of this cytokine.
Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids from Serine Derivatives by β-Fragmentation of Primary Alkoxyl Radicals (2007)

The fragmentation of primary alkoxyl radicals has been scarcely used in synthesis since other competing processes (such as oxidation or hydrogen abstraction) usually predominate. However, when serine derivatives were used as substrates, the scission took place in excellent yields. Tandem scission-allylation, -alkylation, or -arylation reactions were subsequently developed. This one-pot methodology was applied to the synthesis of unnatural amino acids, which are useful synthetic blocks or amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics.
Frozen preservation of human amnion and its use as a burn wound dressing. (1994)

A method of freezing and sterilizing the human amnion enabled it to be stored at -60 degrees C for more than six months. The membranes were obtained from twenty-four cesarean section mothers without a history of endometritis, premature rupture of their membranes or a positive serology. The elongation and break strength of the membranes were evaluated before and after storage. The membranes as prepared have been utilized on twenty-two wounds of ten burn patients. The results indicate that amnion is quite safe and effective as a biological dressing using this preservation method.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: Definitions/Epidemiology/Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction (2010)

A review of the currently available evidence from epidemiological studies is provided.
Investigating the use of magnonic crystals as extremely sensitive magnetic field sensors at room temperature (2011)

We have experimentally demonstrated that a magnonic crystal—an artificial magnetic structure for controlling propagation of magnetostatic waves—can be used as an extremely sensitive sensor for detecting magnetic fields. Functional characteristics of the sensor were studied at room temperature and in a normal noisy space without considering any magnetic shielding.
Electrospinning carbon nanotube polymer composite nanofibers (2006)

The unique and exceptional physical properties of carbon nanotubes have inspired their use as a filler within a polymeric matrix to produce carbon nanotube polymer composites with enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. A powerful method of synthesising nanofibers comprising these polymer composites is electrospinning, which utilises an applied electric stress to draw out a thin nanometer-dimension fiber from the tip of a sharp conical meniscus. The focussing of the flow due to converging streamlines at the cone vertex then ensures alignment of the carbon nanotubes along the fiber axis, thus enabling the anisotropic properties of the nanotubes to be exploited. We consider the work that has been carried out to date on various aspects encompassing preprocessing, synthesis and characterisation of these electrospun polymer composite nanofibers as well as the governing mechanisms and associated properties of such fibers. Particular attention is also dedicated to the theoretical modelling of these fiber systems, in particular to the electrohydrodynamic modelling of electrospinning polymer jets
Enrichment of low abundance proteins of Escherichia coli by hydroxyapatite chromatography (1999)

Visualization of low-copy-number gene products is essential for the detection of novel drug targets by differential protein expression studies. We investigated the enrichment of low-abundance proteins of Escherichia coli by hydroxyapatite chromatography. The proteins of the various pools collected from a ceramic hydroxyapatite column were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Approximately 800 spots corresponding to 296 different proteins were identified in the hydroxyapatite eluate. About 130 proteins that had not been detected in the two-dimensional gels of the total extract were identified. Hydroxyapatite chromatography enriched low-abundance but also major components of the E. coli protein extract. In particular, it enriched many low-molecular-mass proteins, such as cold-shock proteins. The proteins bound to the hydroxyapatite matrix belong to several classes, including enzymes with various catalytic activities, heat- and cold-shock proteins and many hypothetical and novel proteins with yet unknown functions. The results include a list of the proteins enriched by hydroxyapatite chromatography and a two-dimensional map of the enriched proteins. They may be useful in the design of protein purification pathways using master purification steps and in the search for novel drug targets.
Genetic characterization of TET1, TET2, and TET3 alterations in myeloid malignancies (2009)

Disease alleles that activate signal transduction are common in myeloid malignancies; however, there are additional unidentified mutations that contribute to myeloid transformation. Based on the recent identification of TET2 mutations, we evaluated the mutational status of TET1, TET2, and TET3 in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sequencing of TET2 in 408 paired tumor/normal samples distinguished between 68 somatic mutations and 6 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms and identified TET2 mutations in MPN (27 of 354, 7.6%), CMML (29 of 69, 42%), AML (11 of 91, 12%), and M7 AML (1 of 28, 3.6%) samples. We did not identify somatic TET1 or TET3 mutations or TET2 promoter hypermethylation in MPNs. TET2 mutations did not cluster in genetically defined MPN, CMML, or AML subsets but were associated with decreased overall survival in AML (P = .029). These data indicate that TET2 mutations are observed in different myeloid malignancies and may be important in AML prognosis.
A model system for detection and isolation of a tumor cell surface antigen using antibody phage display (1997)

To establish a screening procedure for tumor cell-surface reactive Fabs, we used a model antigen/antibody system including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and the anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody 425. The 425 Fab was displayed on the surface of M13 filamentous phage. In a screening assay for 425 phage binding to tumor cell surfaces, biotinylated 425-phage bound specifically to EGF-R-positive A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and not to K562 non-expressor erythroleukemia cells. With a model library, the sensitivity of phage enrichment by phage binding to cell surfaces was one 425-phage in 20,000 unrelated phages after 4 rounds of panning on A431 cells. In a phage tissue screening assay, 425-phage, but not unrelated phage, bound specifically to melanoma cells expressing EGF-R. Epitope and idiotope specificity of 425-phage was demonstrated in phage competition assays, using as targets A431 cells and anti-idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody 425, respectively. Finally, the EGF-R protein was directly isolated from A431 cell extracts, using biotinylated 425-phage. The data obtained with the 425 model library system demonstrate the usefulness of antibody phage display for the rapid identification and isolation of tumor or other disease-related cell surface antigens.
A systematic review of the association between circulating concentrations of C reactive protein and cancer (2007)

The objective of this study was to review and summarise the published evidence for an association between circulating concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) and cancer through a systematic review. 90 discrete studies were identified. 81 (90%) were prevalent case-control or cross-sectional studies, and only 9 studies had a prospective design. In most prevalent studies, CRP concentrations were found to be higher in patients with cancer than in healthy controls or controls with benign conditions. Of the nine large prospective studies identified in this review, four reported no relationship between circulating CRP levels and breast, prostate or colorectal cancers, and five studies found that CRP was associated with colorectal or lung cancers. Most of the studies evaluating CRP as a diagnostic marker of cancer did not present relevant statistical analyses. Furthermore, any association reported in the prevalent studies might reflect reverse causation, survival bias or confounding. The prospective studies provided no strong evidence for a causal role of CRP in cancer. Instead of further prevalent studies, more large prospective studies and CRP gene-cancer association studies would be valuable in investigating the role of CRP in cancer.
Lobenzarit disodium (CCA) inhibits the proliferation of human endothelial cells and the activity of DNA polymerase alpha. (1992)

N-(2)-Carboxyphenyl-4-chloroanthranilic acid disodium [Lobenzarit disodium (CCA)] is widely used for the treatment of patients with RA in Japan; however, the pharmacological mechanism of the compound is still unclear. In this report, the effect of CCA on the proliferation and DNA synthesis of endothelial cells was examined. CCA inhibited DNA synthesis in endothelial cells at a rather lower concentration than that in fibroblasts and HeLa cells. The DNA polymerase alpha activity was inhibited by CCA at a lower concentration than E. coli DNA polymerase I and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. Thus, CCA is a potent inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and this inhibitory effect could cause the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, which may be related to the therapeutic and pharmacological mechanisms of CCA.
Glial growth factor—like activity in Schwann cell tumors (1986)

To determine whether glial growth factor (GGF)-like activity is associated with human Schwann cell tumors, we tested extracts from these tumors for their ability to stimulate the proliferation of rat Schwann cells in culture. Extracts from 3 of 3 bilateral acoustic neuromas and from 5 of 7 unilateral acoustic neuromas demonstrated dose-dependent stimulation similar to that of partially purified bovine pituitary GGF. One neurofibroma also contained high levels of GGF-like activity, one demonstrated an intermediate level, and three showed low or no activity. Minimal activity was found in one neurofibrosarcoma and in one trigeminal schwannoma. Non-Schwann cell tumors studied included 3 meningiomas, 2 pituitary adenomas, 1 cerebellar astrocytoma, 1 glioblastoma, 1 hemangioblastoma, and 2 metastatic brain tumors. The cerebellar hemangioblastoma demonstrated high GGF-like activity; the others showed little or no activity. Normal tissues used as control specimens included brain, peripheral nerve, muscle, and fat. Some activity was noted in one nerve biopsy; all others showed minimal or no GGF-like activity. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that the GGF-like activity from two acoustic neuromas eluted in a single peak close to that of bovine pituitary GGF. We conclude that acoustic neuromas contain a factor that is closely related to bovine pituitary GGF and that this factor may have a role in the abnormal proliferation of Schwann cells in these tumors.
Identification of non-canonical NF-κB signaling as a critical mediator of Smac mimetic-stimulated migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells (2013)

As inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins can regulate additional signaling pathways beyond apoptosis, we investigated the effect of the second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetic BV6, which antagonizes IAP proteins, on non-apoptotic functions in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identify non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)/TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) autocrine/paracrine loop as critical mediators of BV6-stimulated migration and invasion of GBM cells. In addition to GBM cell lines, BV6 triggers cell elongation, migration and invasion in primary, patient-derived GBM cells at non-toxic concentrations, which do not affect cell viability or proliferation, and also increases infiltrative tumor growth in vivo underscoring the relevance of these findings. Molecular studies reveal that BV6 causes rapid degradation of cellular IAP proteins, accumulation of NIK, processing of p100 to p52, translocation of p52 into the nucleus, increased NF-κB DNA binding and enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay supershift shows that the NF-κB DNA-binding subunits consist of p50, p52 and RelB further confirming the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. BV6-stimulated NF-κB activation leads to elevated mRNA levels of TNFα and additional NF-κB target genes involved in migration (i.e., interleukin 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, CXC chemokine receptor 4) and invasion (i.e., matrix metalloproteinase-9). Importantly, inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor prevents the BV6-stimulated cell elongation, migration and invasion. Similarly, specific inhibition of non-canonical NF-κB signaling by RNA interference-mediated silencing of NIK suppresses the BV6-induced cell elongation, migration and invasion as well as upregulation of NF-κB target genes. Intriguingly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the BV6-stimulated TNFα autocrine/paracrine loop by the TNFα-blocking antibody Enbrel or by knockdown of TNFR1 abrogates BV6-induced cell elongation, migration and invasion. By demonstrating that the Smac mimetic BV6 at non-toxic concentrations promotes migration and invasion of GBM cells via non-canonical NF-κB signaling, our findings have important implications for the use of Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics.
Improved Human Erythropoiesis and Platelet Formation in Humanized NSGW41 Mice (2016)

Human erythro-megakaryopoiesis does not occur in humanized mouse models, preventing the in vivo analysis of human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation into these lineages in a surrogate host. Here we show that stably engrafted KIT-deficient NOD/SCID Il2rg<sup>-/-</sup>Kit<sup>W41/W41</sup> (NSGW41) mice support much improved human erythropoiesis and platelet formation compared with irradiated NSG recipients. Considerable numbers of human erythroblasts and mature thrombocytes are present in the bone marrow and blood, respectively. Morphology, composition, and enucleation capacity of de novo generated human erythroblasts in NSGW41 mice are comparable with those in human bone marrow. Overexpression of human erythropoietin showed no further improvement in human erythrocyte output, but depletion of macrophages led to the appearance of human erythrocytes in the blood. Human erythropoiesis up to normoblasts and platelet formation is fully supported in NSGW41 mice, allowing the analysis of human HSC differentiation into these lineages, the exploration of certain pathophysiologies, and the evaluation of gene therapeutic approaches.
Exploring the tradeoffs between programmability and efficiency in data-parallel accelerators (2011)

We present a taxonomy and modular implementation approach for data-parallel accelerators, including the MIMD, vector-SIMD, subword-SIMD, SIMT, and vector-thread (VT) architectural design patterns. We have developed a new VT microarchitecture, Maven, based on the traditional vector-SIMD microarchitecture that is considerably simpler to implement and easier to program than previous VT designs. Using an extensive design-space exploration of full VLSI implementations of many accelerator design points, we evaluate the varying tradeoffs between programmability and implementation efficiency among the MIMD, vector-SIMD, and VT patterns on a workload of microbenchmarks and compiled application kernels. We find the vector cores provide greater efficiency than the MIMD cores, even on fairly irregular kernels. Our results suggest that the Maven VT microarchitecture is superior to the traditional vector-SIMD architecture, providing both greater efficiency and easier programmability.
Ornithological notes. III. On the nidification of Megaloprepia magnifica, the Magnificent Fruit Pigeon (1897)

[No abstract is given for this work, it begins as follows] The Magnificent Fruit Pigeon is freely dispersed throughout, the rich coastal brushes of Eastern Australia, from the neighbourhood of Cairns in North-eastern Queensland to Berry in New South Wales. In the latter colony it is far more frequently met with in that rich belt of luxurious vegetation lying between the Tweed and Bellinger Rivers, than it is in the humid valleys and mountain ranges of the south coastal district. At, Cairns it overlaps the closely allied, but decidedly smaller species M. assimilis, which ranges northward from that locality to Cape York. ... [etc.]
A fully integrated BiCMOS PLL for 60 GHz wireless applications (2005)

An integrated PLL aimed at wireless transceivers in the unlicensed band from 59GHz to 64GHz is described. The PLL was fabricated in a SiGe:C BiCMOS technology with both f/sub T//f/sub max/=200GHz. The measured PLL lock range is from 53.3GHz to 55.7GHz. It operates from a 3V supply except for a first divide-by-two stage which requires a 5V supply. Total power consumption is 895mW.
Clinical Implications of Co-Inhibitory Molecule Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment for DC Vaccination: A Game of Stop and Go (2013)

The aim of therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccines in cancer immunotherapy is to activate cytotoxic T cells to recognize and attack the tumor. T cell activation requires the interaction of the T cell receptor with a cognate major-histocompatibility complex-peptide complex. Although initiated by antigen engagement, it is the complex balance between co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals on DCs that results in T cell activation or tolerance. Even when already activated, tumor-specific T cells can be neutralized by the expression of co-inhibitory molecules on tumor cells. These and other immunosuppressive cues in the tumor microenvironment are major factors currently hampering the application of DC vaccination. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding the essential and complex role of co-inhibitory molecules in regulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. In particular, possible therapeutic intervention strategies aimed at reversing or neutralizing suppressive networks within the tumor microenvironment will be emphasized. Importantly, blocking co-inhibitory molecule signaling, often referred to as immune checkpoint blockade, does not necessarily lead to an effective activation of tumor-specific T cells. Therefore, combination of checkpoint blockade with other immune potentiating therapeutic strategies, such as DC vaccination, might serve as a synergistic combination, capable of reversing effector T cells immunosuppression while at the same time increasing the efficacy of T cell-mediated immunotherapies. This will ultimately result in long-term anti-tumor immunity.
Sub-two-cycle pulses from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (1999)

Pulses shorter than two optical cycles with bandwidths in excess of 400 nm have been generated from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser with a repetition rate of 90 MHz and an average power of 200 mW. Low-dispersion prisms and double-chirped mirrors provide broadband controlled dispersion and high reflectivity. These pulse durations are to our knowledge the shortest ever generated directly from a laser oscillator.
Plasma Concentrations of Complement-Modulating Proteins (C1 Inhibitor, C4 Binding Protein, Factor H and Factor I) in Inflammatory Dermatoses with Special Reference to Psoriasis (1989)

By using single radial immunodiffusion, plasma levels of four complement-modulating proteins, i.e. C1 inhibitor (C1INH), C4-binding protein (C4bp), factor H and factor I were measured in 42 psoriatic patients and in 60 patients with other inflammatory skin diseases in comparison with 27 normal controls. In psoriatic patients and those with related pustular dermatoses, the levels of C4bp, factor H and factor I were significantly increased. They correlated well with both extent of skin changes and disease activity. In contrast, in nonpsoriatic inflammatory dermatoses only factor H values were significantly increased in toxic erythema and factor I in atopic dermatitis. These results offer additional support for the hypothesis that the complement system is involved in psoriasis and related sterile pustular dermatoses.
Total-Dose Hardness Of The SOI 4-Gate Transistor (G4-FET) (2006)

Abstract not Available.