gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD44 and hyaluronic acid cooperate with SDF-1 in the trafficking of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells to bone marrow (2004)

Trafficking of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) is regulated by chemokines, cytokines, proteolytic enzymes, and adhesion molecules. We report that the adhesion receptor CD44 and its major ligand, hyaluronic acid (HA), are essential for homing into the bone marrow (BM) and spleen of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice and engraftment by human HSCs. Homing was blocked by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or by soluble HA, and it was significantly impaired after intravenous injection of hyaluronidase. Furthermore, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was found to be a rapid and potent stimulator of progenitor adhesion to immobilized HA, leading to formation of actin-containing protrusions with CD44 located at their tips. HPCs migrating on HA toward a gradient of SDF-1 acquired spread and polarized morphology with CD44 concentrating at the pseudopodia at the leading edge. These morphologic alterations were not observed when the progenitors were first exposed to anti-CD44 mAbs, demonstrating a crosstalk between CD44 and CXCR4 signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that HA is expressed on human BM sinusoidal endothelium and endosteum, the regions where SDF-1 is also abundant. Taken together, our data suggest a key role for CD44 and HA in SDF-1-dependent transendothelial migration of HSCs/HPCs and their final anchorage within specific niches of the BM.
A missense mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans prohibitin 2 confers an atypical multidrug resistance (2006)

Hemiasterlin is a potent antimitotic peptide that interferes with microtubule dynamics at picomolar concentrations in cell culture. The molecule largely eludes P glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux, and an analog is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as cancer chemotherapy. From a nonclonal genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans we isolated eight independent mutants resistant to a synthetic hemiasterlin analog. In one recessive mutant, phb-2(ad2154), a point mutation in prohibitin 2 (E130K) protects worms from drug-induced injury. Data indicate that direct binding of hemiasterlin to prohibitin 2 is unlikely. In fact, C. elegans phb-2(ad2154) was also found to be resistant to numerous other drugs that bind tubulin and to camptothecin, yet this mutant was sensitive to nocodazole and phalloidin. Thus, prohibitin 2 is implicated in a previously uncharacterized pathway of multidrug resistance.
A Benzene-Thermal Synthetic Route to Nanocrystalline GaN (1996)

A thermal reaction of Li3N and GaCl3 in which benzene was used as the solvent under pressure has been carried out for the preparation of 30-nanometer particles of gallium nitride (GaN) at 280&deg;C. This temperature is much lower than that of traditional methods, and the yield of GaN reached 80%. The x-ray powder diffraction pattern indicated that sample was mainly hexagonal-phase GaN with a small fraction of rocksalt-phase GaN, which has a lattice constant a = 4.100 angstroms. This rocksalt structure, which had been observed previously only under high pressure (at least 37 gigapascals) was observed directly with high-resolution electron microscopy.
Brother of regulator of imprinted sites inhibits cisplatin‑induced DNA damage in non‑small cell lung cancer (2020)

Cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy is the primary modality of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to the occurrence of DDP resistance, only a limited number of patients benefit from this treatment regimen. Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) is expressed elevated in NSCLC. Whether BORIS is involved in the DDP resistance of NSCLC is currently undetermined. The association between <i>BORIS</i> expression and overall survival rate of 156 patients with NSCLC who received DDP chemotherapy was analyzed in the present study. In order to investigate the function of BORIS in DDP chemotherapy, <i>BORIS</i> was silenced or overexpressed in four NSCLC cell lines. The cell viabilities, apoptosis and DNA damage induced by DDP were evaluated in these cell lines. In addition, the regulations of DNA repair genes were assessed, including <i>POLH, ERCC1, BRCA1, MSH6</i> and <i>XPA</i>. The present study demonstrated that high <i>BORIS</i> expression was associated with decreased overall survival rate in patients with NSCLC who received DDP chemotherapy. The patients who benefited and went into remission following DDP therapy expressed a relatively low level of <i>BORIS</i>, suggesting the potential function of BORIS in DDP resistance. Cell experiments revealed that NSCLC cells that had a higher proliferation rate and resisted DDP treatment expressed a relatively higher level of <i>BORIS</i>. Knockdown of <i>BORIS</i> in NSCLC cells induced DNA damage; inhibiting cell proliferation and sensitizing cells to DDP treatment. In contrast, <i>BORIS</i> overexpression suppressed DDP-induced DNA damage. Notably, the mismatch repair factor mutS homolog 6 (<i>MSH6</i>) was regulated by BORIS, indicating its association with BORIS-associated DDP resistance in NSCLC. The findings of the present study suggest that BORIS suppresses DNA damage and promotes the progression of NSCLC and DDP resistance. The present study indicates the potential application of BORIS in NSCLC therapy and prognosis.
Significance of Hyperuricemia on the Early Detection of Renal Failure in a Cohort of Screened Subjects. (2001)

A high level of serum creatinine (S-Cr) is a predictor of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of high S-Cr and its correlates in a large population. We analyzed the data collected from 6,403 subjects (4,222 men and 2,181 women) who participated in the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association (OGHMA) screening both at 1997 and 1999. The computer-saved data included sex, age, blood chemistries, blood pressure, medical histories, and lifestyles. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed to identify the correlates of developing high S-Cr levels: > or = 1.4 mg/dl in men and > or = 1.2 mg/dl in women. The prevalence of high S-Cr was 3.0% (N=193), which was 4.1% in men (N=175) and 0.8% in women (N=18), and increased with age in both sexes at the 1997 screening. Among those who showed normal levels of S-Cr in 1997 (N=6,210), 241 subjects (223 men and 18 women) developed high S-Cr. The 2-year cumulative incidence of high S-Cr was 5.5% in men and 0.8% in women. Other than sex, serum uric acid was the most significant correlate for developing high S-Cr. The adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval) of those with serum uric acid 8.0 mg/dl and over was 2.91 (1.79-4.75) in men and 10.39 (1.91-56.62) in women when compared to those with serum uric acid less than 5.0 mg/dl. Prevalence of high levels of S-Cr was relatively high in men. Other than gender, serum uric acid was a significant positive correlate of developing high S-Cr in this sample of the Japanese population.
Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on myocardial reactive hyperaemia following brief coronary occlusions (1985)

Effect of two agents of adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 8-azaguanine and adenine, on myocardial reactive hyperaemia was tested in the anaesthetised open-chest dog. Reactive hyperaemic flow response of the circumflex coronary artery was observed following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 s coronary occlusions before, during and after infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine, which are known as adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Intracoronary infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine caused the minimum increase in the baseline coronary flow. Both the nucleic acids shifted the dose response curve of adenosine to the left. 8-azaguanine enhanced volume response of flow at all occlusion intervals tested. The infused dose of adenine also intensified volume response of flow after 5, 15, 20 and 30 s occlusions. Fifteen minutes after termination of the nucleic acid infusions, the reactive hyperaemia returned towards control levels. The results suggest that 8-azaguanine and adenine enhance myocardial reactive hyperaemia possibly by inhibiting adenosine deaminase to degradate myocardial interstitial adenosine to inosine.
Induction of nitric oxide synthase in mouse dendritic cells by IFN-gamma, endotoxin, and interaction with allogeneic T cells: nitric oxide production is associated with dendritic cell apoptosis (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule that is involved in immune regulation and host defense. In this study, highly purified NLDC 145+ (DEC-205+) MHC class II(bright) B7-2+ dendritic cells (DC) propagated from normal mouse bone marrow in response to granulocyte-macrophage CSF + IL-4 were induced to produce NO by IFN-gamma and LPS. NO production was inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA). Nitrite also accumulated in mixed leukocyte culture supernatants as the result of coculture of DC with purified naive allogeneic T cells. Furthermore, NO production was induced by CD40 ligation. Suboptimal T cell proliferation observed at high relative concentrations of DC correlated with increased NO production and was mitigated by NMMA. Induction of mRNA for an inducible NOS (iNOS) in DC was confirmed by Northern blotting, whereas intracellular iNOS was visualized by two-color flow cytometry and by both immunofluorescent and immunogold labeling in a subpopulation of IFN-gamma + LPS-stimulated cells. Both endogenous NO production and exposure of unstimulated DC to the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) resulted in DC apoptosis. Thus, although DC function initially as the most potent APCs for T cell activation, DC induced to synthesize NOS by IFN-gamma may inhibit (allogeneic) T cell proliferation: NO may suppress lymphocyte proliferation and also induce apoptosis of the most potent source of alloantigenic stimulation.
Identification of a G protein coupled receptor induced in activated T cells. (1993)

Many genes are induced after T cell activation to make a cell competent for proliferation and ultimately, function. Many of these genes encode surface receptors for growth factors that signal a cell to proliferate. We have cloned a novel gene (clone 6H1) that codes for a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This gene was isolated from a chicken activated T cell cDNA library by low level hybridization to mammalian IL-2 cDNA probes. The 308 amino acid open reading frame has seven hydrophobic, presumably transmembrane domains and a consensus site for interaction with G proteins. Tissue distribution studies suggest that gene expression is restricted to activated T cells. The message appears by 1 h after activation and is maintained for at least 45 h. Transcription of 6H1 is induced by a number of T cell stimuli and is inhibited by cyclosporin A, but not by cycloheximide. This is the first description of a member of this superfamily expressed specifically in activated T cells. The gene product may provide a link between T cell growth factors and G protein activation.
Two-dimensional phase-locked antiguided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays (2000)

4×4 antiguided phase-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays have been fabricated by a selective etching process and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition regrowth. Stable, diffraction-limited output is observed corresponding to either in-phase or out-of-phase mode operation, depending on the interelement spacing width. Calculations indicate resonant leaky-wave coupling occurs for interelement spacings corresponding to an integral number of half-waves of the radiation leakage from each VCSEL region, and the use of interelement loss is effective in suppressing nonresonant modes.
Binding Affinities of Retinol and Related Compounds to Retinol Binding Proteins (1976)

Fluorimetric titrations were used to determine apparent dissociation constants of the all-trans isomers of retinol, retinoic acid, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate to human-retinol binding protein and chicken-retinol binding protein. Enhancement of the fluorescence of retinol and retinyl acetate when bound to the protein was utilized to establish the binding affinity of these compounds. With retinoic acid which is essentially a non-fluorescent compound, quenching of protein fluorescence due to energy transfer to the bound ligand from tryptophanyl residues served to determine the binding affinity. The various ligands display 1:1 molecular complexes with both types of retinol binding proteins. Retinol, retinoic acid and retinyl acetate were found to have similar binding affinities to both species of carrier proteins: For retinol K'd=1.9 X 10(-7) M with human-retinol binding protein and K'd=1.5 X 10(-7) M with chicken-retinol binding protein; for retinoic acid K'd-2.1 X 10(-7) M with human-retinol binding protein; for retinyl acetate and K'd=2.2 X 10(-7) M with chicken-retinol binding protein; for retinyl acetate K'd=2.2 X 10(-7) M with human-retinol binding protein and K'd=1.7 X 10(-7) M with chicken-retinol binding protein. Retinyl palmitate appeared to have weak association with either of the two retinol binding proteins, if at all. The above results suggest that both human and chicken retinol binding proteins behave similar with respect to the binding of the ligands. Non-polar interactions probably play a primary role in the binding and effects of functional groups and charges are of secondary importance.
Phase-encoded Joint Transform Correlator by Use of Logarithmic Transformation (2007)

A novel joint transform correlator(JTC) is designed. In this technique, phase-encoding method is used to reduce the influence of the extraneous signals such as zero order term, the conjugate cross-correlations between reference and input targets, etc. To sharpen the correlation peaks, a modified logarithmic transform algorithm is proposed, which greatly improve the discrimination ability. Simulation results show the proposed system performs well in both noise-free and noisy environment.
Port placement planning in robot-assisted coronary artery bypass (2003)

Properly selected port sites for robot-assisted coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) improve the efficiency and quality of these procedures. In clinical practice, surgeons select port locations using external anatomic landmarks to estimate a patient's internal anatomy. This paper proposes an automated approach to port selection based on a preoperative image of the patient, thus avoiding the need to estimate internal anatomy. Using this image as input, port sites are chosen from a grid of surgeon-approved options by defining a performance measure for each possible port triad. This measure seeks to minimize the weighted squared deviation of the instrument and endoscope angles from their optimal orientations at each internal surgical site. This performance measure proves insensitive to perturbations in both its weighting factors and moderate intraoperative displacements of the patient's internal anatomy. A validation study of this port site selection was performed. cardiac algorithm also Six surgeons dissected model vessels using the port triad selected by this algorithm with performance compared to dissection using a surgeon-selected port triad and a port triad template described by Tabaie et al., 1999. With the algorithm-selected ports, dissection speed increased by up to 43% (p = 0.046) with less overall vessel trauma. Thus, this algorithmic approach to port site selection has important clinical implications for robot-assisted CABG which warrant further investigation.
Apolipoprotein A‐IV: a Protein Occurring in Human Mesenteric Lymph Chylomicrons and Free in Plasma (1979)

1. Human mesenteric lymph chylomicrons were isolated from chylous ascites fluid by ultra-centrifugation and agarose/gel chromatography and their apoprotein composition was analysed by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical isoelectric focusing and immuno-chemically. Major components of mesenteric lymph chylomicrons were apoprotein A-I, proteins of Mr less than 15 000 including the C-group apoproteins and a protein of Mr 46 000. Minor components were apoprotein E and a protein of Mr approximately equal to 200 000 (B-like protein). This apoprotein composition was qualitatively identical with that of chylomicrons from intestinal lymph of the rat, but was distinctly different from plasma chylomicrons of humans with fasting chylomicronaemia. 2. The protein of Mr approximately equal to 46 000 has been isolated by preparative dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from human and rat lymph chylomicrons and was compared to a protein of identical Mr present in rat high-density lipoproteins (apoplipoprotein A-IV) and in the rho less than 1.006 g/ml serum lipoprotein fraction of individual humans with alimentary hypertriglyceridaemia. In both species the 46 000-Mr proteins isolated from lymph and serum were identical according to amino acid composition and isoelectric point in 6 M urea. The human proteins from both sources were also immunologically identical. The similarities in the molecular properties of the human apolipoprotein and rat apolipoprotein A-IV indicate that these proteins are homologous. 3. Plasma levels of human apolipoprotein A-IV determined by electroimmunodiffusion were 14.15 +/- 3.66 mg/100 ml (n = 59), but greater than 90% of the protein was unassociated with the major lipoprotein fractions. It is concluded, that apolipoprotein A-IV is a main protein component of human lymph chylomicrons, that is removed from the particles in the plasma compartment.
NKT and T cells: coordinate regulation of NK-like phenotype and cytokine production (2002)

A maturation-dependent change in phenotype and cytokine production from relatively immature CD161(-) or CD161(+), IL-13(+)IL-4(+), IFN-gamma(-), to mature CD161(+)CD56(+) IFN-gamma(+) cells occurs in primary human alpha-galactosyl ceramide-reactive CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells under the control of IL-12 and other monokines. Modulation of this process upon alpha-galactosyl ceramide stimulation explains the opposite roles of NKT cells to drive type 1 and type 2 immune responses. Because the same developmental changes occurred and were similarly regulated in T cells, the data establish that NKT cells should no longer be considered a functionally unique regulatory subset. However, the results of their analysis can be taken as a model for immunotherapeutic approaches with T cells for which a nominal or surrogate antigen is defined.
Red Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Mixture System of Small-Molecule and Polymer Host (2005)

We study two types of polymer materials, poly(n-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and starburst small-molecule 1,3,5-tris[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]benzene (TDAPB), as the host for electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) doped with red-emitting phosphor tris(1-phenylisoquinoline) iridium (III) [Ir(piq) 3 ]. PHOLEDs employed a PVK and TDAPB blend as the host exhibited a maximum red light emission at a wavelength of 630 nm. The external quantum efficiency of 6.3% and power efficiency of 3.0 lm/W have been achieved. The electroluminescent (EL) spectra were not changed at high current and the luminance reached 8,800 cd/m 2 at the voltage of 13 V. We found that the roughness of the surface as estimated by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) smoothened with increasing TDAPB doping concentration, and a slight exciplex emission between TDAPB and an electron transport material 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4- tert -butylphenyl)-1,3,4,-oxadiazole (PBD) was observed at the wavelength of approximately 530 nm.
CTL recognition of an altered peptide associated with asparagine bond rearrangement. Implications for immunity and vaccine design (1996)

The extent to which peptides containing chemically and post-translationally modified amino acid side chains are recognized by primed CTL has not been clearly defined. We report on the CTL recognition of a MHC class I-restricted peptide containing a cyclized asparagine (succinimide) residue. This modification of the asparagine side chain is a common intermediate structure during deamidation, isomerization, and bond rearrangements of amide-containing amino acids and also occurs as a side reaction in peptide synthesis. The CTL specifically recognized the succinimide-containing peptide showing only weak cross-reactivity at high concentrations of the parent peptide containing unmodified asparagine. Similarly, CTL raised against the parent peptide did not recognize the succinimide derivative of this peptide. Naturally processed forms of these structures are likely to occur given the importance and frequency of deamidation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, since succinimide intermediates of deamidated peptides can occasionally be very stable, these peptides have the potential to act as altered self-Ags with significant implications for autoimmunity. In addition, unwanted and potentially hazardous specificities may be elicited when using synthetic peptides in subunit vaccines in which succinimide residues may form spontaneously during storage or chemical synthesis.
Three-dimensional lifting schemes for motion compensated video compression (2002)

Three-dimensional wavelet decompositions are efficient tools for scalable video coding. We show a lifting formulation for these decompositions. The temporal wavelet transform is inherently nonlinear, due to the motion estimation step, and the lifting formalism allows us to provide several improvements to the scheme initially proposed by Choi and Woods: a better processing of the uncovered areas is proposed and an overlapped motion-compensated temporal filtering method is introduced in the multiresolution decomposition. As shown by simulations, the proposed method results in higher coding efficiency, while keeping the scalability functionalities.
Enhancement of serum antibody production in mice by oral administration of lipophilic derivatives of muramyl peptides and bacterial lipopolysaccharides with bovine serum albumin. (1986)

Lipophilic derivatives of muramylpeptides, namely N alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys (L18)] and 6-O-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP (B30-MDP), were demonstrated to significantly enhance anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody production when they were incorporated in liposomes with BSA and administered by gastric intubation to BALB/c mice on days 0 and 1 (the primary immunization) and on days 27 and 28 (booster). N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) itself showed negligible activity under the same experimental conditions. A stearoyl derivative of sodium beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-(1-4)-N-acetylmuramyl- L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)-stearoyl(D)-meso-diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide-D-alanine (GM-53) that was isolated by enzymatic degradation of L. plantarum cell wall peptidoglycans showed a powerful adjuvant effect by oral administration in liposomes with BSA. Similar or stronger adjuvant effects were observed by oral administration of LPS preparations, KO3 LPS isolated from K. pneumoniae (a noncapsulated mutant, LEN-1), Bacto lipopolysaccharide W derived from E. coli (O127:B8) and BIOSTIM F1 fraction derived from K. pneumoniae (O1:K2). Liposomes as a vehicle for oral administration were not always required for the manifestation of the adjuvant effects of MDP-Lys (L18) and BIOSTIM F1. These compounds, but not B30-MDP, showed a powerful adjuvant effect when orally administered with BSA in phosphate buffered saline.