gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the cis-Acting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element Responsible for Transcriptional Induction of Mammalian Glucose-regulated Proteins (1998)

When unfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transcription of glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) representing ER-resident molecular chaperones is markedly induced via the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. In contrast to recent progress in the analysis of yeast UPR, both cis-acting elements and transactivators responsible for mammalian UPR have remained obscure. Here, we analyzed the promoter regions of human GRP78, GRP94, and calreticulin genes and identified a novel element designated the ER stress response element (ERSE). ERSE, with a consensus of CCAATN9CCACG, was shown to be necessary and sufficient for induction of these GRPs. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we isolated a human cDNA encoding a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, ATF6, as a putative ERSE-binding protein. When overexpressed in HeLa cells, ATF6 enhanced transcription of GRP genes in an ERSE-dependent manner, whereas CREB-RP, another bZIP protein closely related to ATF6, specifically inhibited GRP induction. Endogenous ATF6 constitutively expressed as a 90-kDa protein was converted to a 50-kDa protein in ER-stressed cells, which appeared to be important for the cellular response to ER stress. These results suggest that, as in yeast, bZIP proteins are involved in mammalian UPR, acting through newly defined ERSE.
Real time head pose estimation with random regression forests (2011)

Fast and reliable algorithms for estimating the head pose are essential for many applications and higher-level face analysis tasks. We address the problem of head pose estimation from depth data, which can be captured using the ever more affordable 3D sensing technologies available today. To achieve robustness, we formulate pose estimation as a regression problem. While detecting specific face parts like the nose is sensitive to occlusions, learning the regression on rather generic surface patches requires enormous amount of training data in order to achieve accurate estimates. We propose to use random regression forests for the task at hand, given their capability to handle large training datasets. Moreover, we synthesize a great amount of annotated training data using a statistical model of the human face. In our experiments, we show that our approach can handle real data presenting large pose changes, partial occlusions, and facial expressions, even though it is trained only on synthetic neutral face data. We have thoroughly evaluated our system on a publicly available database on which we achieve state-of-the-art performance without having to resort to the graphics card.
Study of microwave acoustic attenuation in a multifrequency bulk acoustic wave resonator based on a synthetic diamond single crystal (2015)

Acoustic attenuation in a multifrequency bulk acoustic wave resonator based on the synthetic diamond single crystal is investigated. The acoustic energy loss in a layered piezoelectric Al/AlN/Mo/(001) diamond structure is analyzed. The depth of a damaged surface layer with a thickness of 20–30 nm in diamond after abrasive finishing is estimated using high-energy electron backscattered diffraction and observation of Kikuchi lines. The estimation shows that the acoustic energy loss at a diamond substrate roughness of up to 20 nm, as well as acoustic loss in thin films, is lower than the bulk acoustic attenuation by an order of magnitude and is of no fundamental importance. However, the surface roughness of the piezoelectric AlN film can contribute comparably with the bulk attenuation in the substrate. It is demonstrated that the transition from the Akhiezer to Landau–Rumer regime in diamond occurs at a frequency of ~1 GHz and the phonon–phonon relaxation time is ~1.6 × 10–10 s. Calculation of acoustic attenuation showed that, although at a frequency of ~1 GHz the acoustic loss in diamond is somewhat higher than in well-known materials with a low attenuation level, the loss in diamond becomes noticeably lower as frequency increases to 8–10 GHz. The obtained maximum experimental value Qf ≈ 10 × 1013 Hz (9.5 GHz) makes synthetic diamond promising for microwave acoustoelectronic devices.
Tau excess impairs mitosis and kinesin-5 function, leading to aneuploidy and cell death (2016)

In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cell cycle defects and associated aneuploidy have been described. However, the importance of these defects in the physiopathology of AD and the underlying mechanistic processes are largely unknown, in particular with respect to the microtubule (MT)-binding protein Tau, which is found in excess in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of affected individuals. Although it has long been known that Tau is phosphorylated during mitosis to generate a lower affinity for MTs, there is, to our knowledge, no indication that an excess of this protein could affect mitosis. Here, we studied the effect of an excess of human Tau (hTau) protein on cell mitosis in vivo. Using the Drosophila developing wing disc epithelium as a model, we show that an excess of hTau induces a mitotic arrest, with the presence of monopolar spindles. This mitotic defect leads to aneuploidy and apoptotic cell death. We studied the mechanism of action of hTau and found that the MT-binding domain of hTau is responsible for these defects. We also demonstrate that the effects of hTau occur via the inhibition of the function of the kinesin Klp61F, the Drosophila homologue of kinesin-5 (also called Eg5 or KIF11). We finally show that this deleterious effect of hTau is also found in other Drosophila cell types (neuroblasts) and tissues (the developing eye disc), as well as in human HeLa cells. By demonstrating that MT-bound Tau inhibits the Eg5 kinesin and cell mitosis, our work provides a new framework to consider the role of Tau in neurodegenerative diseases.
Naturally occurring quinones : recent advances (1987)

Biogenesis. Benzoquinones. Napthoquinones. Anthraquinones. Anthracyclinones. Other aromatic polycyclic quinones. Miscellaneous quinones. Diterpenoid quinones. N-hetercyclic quinones. Ansa-quinones. Botanical index. Zoological index. Subject index.
THE EFFECT OF THE sh2 FACTOR ON CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES IN THE MATURE ENDOSPERM OF MAIZE (1953)

The gene sit1 is the basis for the sugary endosperm which is characteristic of our present commercial varieties and hybrids of sweet corn and of many strains of maize indigenous to Mexico, South America and our Southwest ( STURTEVANT 1899). Previous studies ( PEARL and BARTLETT 191 1 ; LINDSTROM and GERHARDT 1926, 1927; ANDREW, BRINK and NEAL 1944) have established that mature sugary endosperms (su su su) have from two to three times as much total sugar as those of starchy (Su Su Su). In view of the higher sugar level associated with su and of an anticipated effect of shrunken-2 (hereafter designated shrunken or sh) on the distribution of carbohydrate reserves, the present study was carried out with progenies permitting a valid comparison of the effects of both factors. Accordingly, two different plants of commercial Golden Cross Bantam (su su Sh Sh) were crossed with a single plant of the constitution Su Su sh sh. The F1 plants from these two ears were grown in two families in the summer of 1952 and self-pollinated. Since both normal alleles carried by the F1 plants are dominant, four phenotypic classes
Cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides restore systemic muscle and cardiac dystrophin expression and function (2008)

Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) have the potential to induce functional dystrophin protein expression via exon skipping by restoring in-frame transcripts in the majority of patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). AOs of morpholino phosphoroamidate (PMO) and 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate RNA (2'Ome RNA) chemistry have been shown to restore dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle but not in heart, following high-dose systemic delivery in murine models of muscular dystrophy (mdx). Exploiting the cell transduction properties of two basic arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides, we demonstrate widespread systemic correction of dystrophin expression in body-wide muscles and cardiac tissue in adult dystrophic mdx mice, with a single low-dose injection of peptide-conjugated PMO AO. This approach was sufficient to restore uniform, high-level dystrophin protein expression in peripheral muscle and cardiac tissue, with robust sarcolemmal relocalization of the dystrophin-associated protein complex and functional improvement in muscle. Peptide-conjugated AOs therefore have significant potential for systemic correction of the DMD phenotype.
Progress and Potential of Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Treating Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Adaptive immune responses appear to influence the natural history of cancer progression, as well as therapeutic outcomes, in cancer patients. However, accumulating evidence suggests resistance mechanisms exploited by tumors may play a dominant role in limiting the effectiveness of T cell-mediated cancer therapies. Inhibitory coreceptors expressed by T lymphocytes, or so-called immune checkpoints, are now recognized to play critical roles in regulating the termination of adaptive immune responses. An overview of early-phase trial results distinguish blocking antibodies targeting inhibitory coreceptors as a highly promising approach to cancer immunotherapy for patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Prospects for advanced-phase clinical testing and novel therapy combinations with immune checkpoint blocking agents are discussed.
Bacterial Biofilms in Surgical Specimens of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2005)

Biofilms were demonstrated to be present in patients undergoing surgery for CRS; none of the patients without CRS had any evidence of biofilms. Although SEM is capable of demonstrating the biofilms' three-dimensional structure, glycocalyx, and water channels, it cannot clearly demonstrate the presence of bacteria within the biofilm. We were able to demonstrate evidence of bacteria in the biofilms on the subjects tested using TEM.
Percutaneous radiofrequency lumbar rhizolysis (rhizotomy). (1977)

Low back pain may arise from degenerative changes in the posterior joints of the lumbar spine. These joints are innervated by a branch of the posterior primary ramus, which follows an anatomically constant course. Pain impulses from these joints can be interrupted by coagulating this nerve with a radiofrequency wave, the probe having been placed in the area of the nerve percutaneously. Percutaneous lumbar rhizolysis was carried out under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis in 82 patients, most of whom had multiple level rhizolysis. Rhizolysis was successful in 67% of patients with mechanical low back pain without evidence of disc herniation and nerve-root compression or psychogenic pain, who had not previously undergone an operation for relief of the pain.
Microlens-array-based exit-pupil expander for full-color displays (2005)

Two-dimensional arrays of microlenses can be used in wearable display applications as numerical aperture expanders or exit-pupil expanders (EPEs) to increase the size of the display exit pupil. A novel EPE approach that uses two microlens arrays (MLAs) is presented. The approach is based on cascading two identical microlens arrays spaced precisely at one focal-length distance with submicrometer registration tolerances relative to each other. The ideal MLA for this application requires a 100% fillfactor, sharp seams between microlenses, and a perfect spherical profile. We demonstrate a dual-MLA-based EPE that produces excellent exit-pupil uniformity and better than 90% diffraction efficiency for all three wavelengths in a color-display system. Two-MLA registration is performed with submicrometer precision by use of far-field alignment techniques. Fourier optics theory is used to derive the analytical formulas, and physical optics beam propagation is used for numerical computations. Three MLA fabrication technologies, including gray-scale lithography, photoresist reflow, and isotropic etching, are evaluated and compared for an EPE application.
Regulation of Fc Receptor Endocytic Trafficking by Ubiquitination (2014)

Most immune cells, particularly phagocytes, express various receptors for the Fc portion of the different immunoglobulin isotypes (Fc receptors, FcRs). By binding to the antibody, they provide a link between the adaptive immune system and the powerful effector functions triggered by innate immune cells such as mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells. Upon ligation of the immune complexes, the downstream signaling pathways initiated by the different receptors are quite similar for different FcR classes leading to the secretion of preformed and de novo synthesized pro-inflammatory mediators. FcR engagement also promotes negative signals through the combined action of several molecules that limit the extent and duration of positive signaling. To this regard, ligand-induced ubiquitination of FcRs for IgE (FcεR) and IgG (FcγR) has become recognized as a key modification that generates signals for the internalization and/or delivery of engaged receptor complexes to lysosomes or cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation, providing negative-feedback regulation of Fc receptor activity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that ensure the clearance of engaged Fcε and Fcγ receptor complexes from the cell surface with an emphasis given to the cooperation between the ubiquitin pathway and endosomal adaptors including the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) in controlling receptor internalization and sorting along the endocytic compartments.
Evidence for an Active-Center Histidine in Trypsin through Use of a Specific Reagent, 1-Chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone, the Chloromethyl Ketone Derived from Nα-Tosyl-L-lysine* (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for an Active-Center Histidine in Trypsin through Use of a Specific Reagent, 1-Chloro-3-tosylamido-7-amino-2-heptanone, the Chloromethyl Ketone Derived from Nα-Tosyl-L-lysine*Elliott Shaw, Marcos Mares-Guia, and William CohenCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 10, 2219–2224Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00886a039https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00886a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views665Altmetric-Citations440LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Patellofemoral Joint in Total Condylar Knee Arthroplasty (1986)

In this report, 100 knees in 77 patients, with an average age of 65, were followed for a period between five and 10 years. Rheumatoid arthritis was the diagnosis in 43 patients and osteoarthritis in 34 patients. The majority had varus, valgus, and biplane deformities. Twenty-one patients underwent bilateral procedures; all but one had patellar replacement. Over 90% of the knees were rated good to excellent according to The Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Disability Score Sheet. Of the 34 osteoarthritic patients (40 knees), 24 or 71% could walk ten blocks and beyond. Ten patients, or 29%, could walk between one and ten blocks. Further ambulation was restricted only by overall poor health and age (most were 74 years of age or older). Twenty-four patients, or 71%, could ascend and descend stairs without support, while six (18%) relied on bannister support when descending stairs. Four patients (11%) required bannister support for both ascending and descending stairs. Among the complications seen in this series were one loose patella and another with osteonecrosis of the anterior surface. No dislocations occurred, but 14 patellae showed tilt on skyline view roentgenograms, indicating a tight lateral retinaculum. In view of the good to excellent results achieved in the majority of patients, and the low morbidity associated with replacement, it is recommended that the patellofemoral joint be replaced in the course of total knee arthroplasty. When careful attention is paid to technical details, this procedure improves the quality of the arthroplasty.
Spatial modifications of Gaussian beams diffracted by reflection gratings (1989)

By using an angular spectral representation, we show that the fields of Gaussian beams scattered by reflection gratings differ markedly from those predicted by geometrical considerations. We find that, in general, each diffracted beam exhibits a lateral displacement, a focal shift, and an angular deflection; in addition, the size of the beam width is enlarged or reduced. The beam changes are largest if the incidence angle is phase matched to a leaky wave that may be supported by the grating. This phase condition is identical to that for which Wood’s anomalies of the resonant variety occur if plane waves, instead of bounded beams, are incident. By evaluating the spatial modifications of beams diffracted at a canonic grating structure consisting of a sinusoidal reactance plane, we show that the magnitudes of the beam effects can be considerably large. We also examine the special case of blazed diffracted orders and find that their corresponding beams are not extinguished completely but appear with reduced intensity and strong profile distortion.
Development of a 300W 105/0.15 fiber pigtailed diode module for additive manufacturing applications (2017)

The paper reports on the design, manufacturing and preliminary characterization of a new compact and high beam quality multi-emitter laser module able to deliver about 300W in a standard 105/125 fiber with 0.22 numerical aperture but with 95% of power in NA = 0.15. The layout exploits a proprietary architecture and uses a plurality of chips emitting at two different wavelengths combined through spatial, polarization and wavelength multiplexing. Given its small footprint and low ownership costs, the module has been specifically devised as the basic building block of laser sources for metal powder additive manufacturing machines.
The mechanism and mitigation of niacin-induced flushing (2009)

Niacin is an attractive option for treating dyslipidemic patients, and tolerance to niacin-induced flushing develops rapidly. Healthcare professionals should particularly address flushing during niacin dose titration.
Emerging Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2003)

he development of additional effective therapies for acute ischemic stroke remains a challenging but critical endeavor. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) initiated within 3 hours of stroke onset remains the only approved and validated therapy for acute ischemic stroke, and regulatory approval has expanded recently. Many other therapies have been evaluated, and these trials have either been inconclusive or negative. 1 These acute stroke trials do provide valuable information concerning how to implement future trials and some glimmers of hope about existing data. Some of the lessons learned from prior acute stroke trials that will help to guide future trials are outlined below. The two fundamental approaches to the development of acute stroke therapy remain reperfusion and neuroprotection. This short review will focus on the current status of both approaches and how they might be combined, hopefully in the near future.
Kraken: leveraging live traffic tests to identify and resolve resource utilization bottlenecks in large scale web services (2016)

Modern web services such as Facebook are made up of hundreds of systems running in geographically-distributed data centers. Each system needs to be allocated capacity, configured, and tuned to use data center resources efficiently. Keeping a model of capacity allocation current is challenging given that user behavior and software components evolve constantly.Three insights motivate our work: (1) the live user traffic accessing a web service provides the most current target workload possible, (2) we can empirically test the system to identify its scalability limits, and (3) the user impact and operational overhead of empirical testing can be largely eliminated by building automation which adjusts live traffic based on feedback.We build on these insights in Kraken, a new system that runs load tests by continually shifting live user traffic to one or more data centers. Kraken enables empirical testing by monitoring user experience (e.g., latency) and system health (e.g., error rate) in a feedback loop between traffic shifts. We analyze the behavior of individual systems and groups of systems to identify resource utilization bottlenecks such as capacity, load balancing, software regressions, performance tuning, and so on, which can be iteratively fixed and verified in subsequent load tests. Kraken, which manages the traffic generated by 1.7 billion users, has been in production at Facebook for three years and has allowed us to improve our hardware utilization by over 20%.
Compact acoustic levitation device for studies in fluid dynamics and material science in the laboratory and microgravity (1985)

An ultrasonic levitation device operable in both ordinary ground-based as well as in potential space-borne laboratories is described together with its various applications in the fields of fluid dynamics, material science, and light scattering. Some of the phenomena which can be studied by this instrument include surface waves on freely suspended liquids, the variations of the surface tension with temperature and contamination, the deep undercooling of materials with the temperature variations of their density and viscosity, and finally some of the optical diffraction properties of transparent substances.