gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Transfer into Mammalian Cells by Jet Injection (1995)

Jet injection of DNA in solution is a technique that can be used to transfer DNA into tissues of living animals, where the introduced genes are expressed. The muscle, fat, skin, and mammary tissue of mice, and the fat, skin, and mammary tissue of sheep can be transfected with DNA. A jet injector, such as the Ped-o-jet (Stirn Industries, Dayton, NJ), is used to form a jet from 100 to 300 microliters of a DNA solution. This jet has sufficient force to travel into and through tissues of adult and juvenile animals. The introduced DNA is found in cells surrounding the path of the jet. When jet injection is performed through the surface of intact skin, underlying muscle, mammary, and fat, cells up to 2 cm distant from the point of injection are transfected with DNA. In this study, we demonstrate that the efficiency of DNA transfer is dependent upon the force of injection. Jet injection is an alternative to needle injection, lipofection, and particle bombardment for the introduction of "naked" DNA into the tissues of animals. This technique has potential for the introduction of genes into living organisms for genetic vaccination and gene therapy.
Viral Sequestration of Antigen Subverts Cross Presentation to CD8+ T Cells (2009)

Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells (T(CD8+)) are initially triggered by peptide-MHC Class I complexes on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (pAPC). Peptide-MHC complexes are produced by two spatially distinct pathways during virus infection. Endogenous antigens synthesized within virus-infected pAPC are presented via the direct-presentation pathway. Many viruses have developed strategies to subvert direct presentation. When direct presentation is blocked, the cross-presentation pathway, in which antigen is transferred from virus-infected cells to uninfected pAPC, is thought to compensate and allow the generation of effector T(CD8+). Direct presentation of vaccinia virus (VACV) antigens driven by late promoters does not occur, as an abortive infection of pAPC prevents production of these late antigens. This lack of direct presentation results in a greatly diminished or ablated T(CD8+) response to late antigens. We demonstrate that late poxvirus antigens do not enter the cross-presentation pathway, even when identical antigens driven by early promoters access this pathway efficiently. The mechanism mediating this novel means of viral modulation of antigen presentation involves the sequestration of late antigens within virus factories. Early antigens and cellular antigens are cross-presented from virus-infected cells, as are late antigens that are targeted to compartments outside of the virus factories. This virus-mediated blockade specifically targets the cross-presentation pathway, since late antigen that is not cross-presented efficiently enters the MHC Class II presentation pathway. These data are the first to describe an evasion mechanism employed by pathogens to prevent entry into the cross-presentation pathway. In the absence of direct presentation, this evasion mechanism leads to a complete ablation of the T(CD8+) response and a potential replicative advantage for the virus. Such mechanisms of viral modulation of antigen presentation must also be taken into account during the rational design of antiviral vaccines.
Positive Charges of Translocating Polypeptide Chain Retrieve an Upstream Marginal Hydrophobic Segment from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen to the Translocon (2010)

Positively charged amino acid residues are well recognized topology determinants of membrane proteins. They contribute to the stop-translocation of a polypeptide translocating through the translocon and to determine the orientation of signal sequences penetrating the membrane. Here we analyzed the function of these positively charged residues during stop-translocation in vitro. Surprisingly, the positive charges facilitated membrane spanning of a marginally hydrophobic segment, even when separated from the hydrophobic segment by 70 residues. In this case, the hydrophobic segment was exposed to the lumen, and then the downstream positive charges triggered the segment to slide back into the membrane. The marginally hydrophobic segment spanned the membrane, but maintained access to the water environment. The positive charges not only fix the hydrophobic segment in the membrane at its flanking position, but also have a much more dynamic action than previously realized.
Macrocyclic Amino Carboxylates as Selective MMP-8 Inhibitors (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTMacrocyclic Amino Carboxylates as Selective MMP-8 InhibitorsRobert J. Cherney, Li Wang, Dayton T. Meyer, Chu-Baio Xue, Zelda R. Wasserman, Karl D. Hardman, Patty K. Welch, Maryanne B. Covington, Robert A. Copeland, Elizabeth C. Arner, William F. DeGrado, and Carl P. DeciccoView Author Information Chemical and Physical Sciences and Inflammatory Diseases Research, The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co., Experimental Station, Wilmington Delaware 19880-0500 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 11, 1749–1751Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1998Publication History Received19 December 1997Published online1 May 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm970850yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm970850yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Crystal structure,Inhibitors,Nitrogen,Oxygen Get e-Alerts
Enhancement of the Sensitivity of the Limulus Assay for the Detection of Gram Negative Bacteria (1977)

In the Limulus pyrogen assay a linear relationship has been demonstrated between optical density and viable cell number of the strains of Gram negative bacteria studied. When the bacteria are suspended in a solution of 0.9% saline and 10 ‐5 M‐ethylenediamine‐tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) the sensitivity of the assay is markedly improved and the variation between different species or strains is greatly reduced. The Limulus assay is able to detect fewer than 10 3 of the least reactive Gram negative bacteria studied within 1 h. It is being developed as a rapid method for detecting Gram negative contamination in raw materials and products.
Cycloaddition of the acridizinium ion with norbornene derivatives (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCycloaddition of the acridizinium ion with norbornene derivativesMarcellus E. Parham, Marshall G. Frazer, and Charles K. BradsherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 3, 358–362Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00968a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00968a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical detection of immobilized proteins with ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility Transistors (2005)

Ungated AlGaN∕GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) structures were functionalized in the gate region with aminopropyl silane. This serves as a binding layer to the AlGaN surface for attachment of fluorescent biological probes. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the chemical treatment creates sites for specific absorption of probes. Biotin was then added to the functionalized surface to bind with high affinity to streptavidin proteins. The HEMT drain-source current showed a clear decrease of 4μA as this protein was introduced to the surface, showing the promise of this all-electronic detection approach for biological sensing.
Surface Mosaics of the Bladder Reconstructed From Endoscopic Video for Automated Surveillance (2012)

Flexible cystoscopy is frequently performed for recurrent bladder cancer surveillance, making it the most expensive cancer to treat over the patient's lifetime. An automated bladder surveillance system is being developed to robotically scan the bladder surface using an ultrathin and highly flexible endoscope. Such a system would allow cystoscopic procedures to be overseen by technical staff while urologists could review cystoscopic video postoperatively. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for reconstructing the surface of the whole bladder from endoscopic video using structure from motion. Video is acquired from a custom ultrathin and highly flexible endoscope that can retroflex to image the entire internal surface of the bladder. Selected frames are subsequently stitched into a mosaic and mapped to a reconstructed surface, creating a 3-D surface model of the bladder that can be expediently reviewed. Our software was tested on endoscopic video of an excised pig bladder. The resulting reconstruction possessed a projection error of 1.66 pixels on average and covered 99.6% of the bladder surface area.
Kirkendall void formation in eutectic SnPb solder joints on bare Cu and its effect on joint reliability (2004)

The electronic packaging industry has been using electroless Ni(P)∕immersion Au as bonding pads for solder joints. Because of the persistence of the black pad defect, which is due to cracks in the pad surface, the industry is looking for a replacement of the Ni(P) plating. Several Cu-based candidates have been suggested, but most of them will lead to the direct contact of solder with Cu in soldering. The fast reaction of solder with Cu, especially during solid state aging, may be a concern for the solder joint reliability if the package will be used in a high temperature environment and is highly stressed. In this work, the reaction of eutectic SnPb solder with electrodeposited laminate Cu is studied. Emphasis is given to the evolution of the microstructure in the interfacial region during solid state aging and its effect on solder joint reliability. A large number of Kirkendall voids were observed at the interface between Cu3Sn and Cu. The void formation resulted in weak bonding between solder and Cu and led to brittle fracture at the interface in the ball shear and pull tests. The experimental results indicate that a barrier for Cu diffusion may be needed between the solder and the type of Cu used in the test vehicle for the packages that will experience high temperature (&amp;gt;100°C) and high stress.
Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation (2002)

We evaluated the durability of autologous chondrocyte transplantation grafts in 61 patients treated for isolated cartilage defects on the femoral condyle or the patella and followed up for a mean of 7.4 years (range, 5 to 11). Durability was determined by comparing the clinical status at the long-term follow-up with that found 2 years after the transplantation. After 2 years, 50 of the 61 patients had good or excellent clinical results, and 51 of 61 had good or excellent results at 5 to 11 years later. Grafted areas from 11 of the patients were evaluated with an electromechanical indentation probe during a second-look arthroscopy procedure (mean follow-up, 54.3 months; range, 33 to 84); stiffness measurements were 90% or more of those of normal cartilage in eight patients. Eight of twelve 2-mm biopsy samples taken from these patients showed hyaline characteristics with safranin O staining and a homogeneous appearance in polarized light. Three fibrous and eight hyaline biopsy specimens stained positive to aggrecan and to cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Hyaline-like specimens stained positive for type II collagen, and fibrous, for type I collagen. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the treatment of articular cartilage injuries has a durable outcome for as long as 11 years.
Bacteria Incorporation in Deep‐eutectic Solvents through Freeze‐Drying (2009)

Taking fish out of water: Freeze-drying can be used to incorporate bacteria in a deep-eutectic solvent with outstanding preservation of integrity and viability. (Intact E. coli are marked by arrows in the image.) These findings open interesting perspectives for the use of whole microorganisms in biocatalytic processes carried out in nonaqueous solvents. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel, Helper-Dependent, Adenovirus–Retrovirus Hybrid Vector: Stable Transduction by a Two-Stage Mechanism (2002)

We have developed a novel vector system that uses a helper-dependent adenoviral vector as a carrier to deliver a fully functional retrovirus vector. The helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) can accommodate large inserts, provide high titers, and infect nondividing as well as dividing cells. However, adenoviral DNA is rarely integrated into the host cell genome, and its episomal expression is transient. Therefore we inserted a replication-competent, ecotropic retrovirus vector containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene as a second-stage component. The well-characterized host species tropism of each vector component provided a stringent biological assay system that demonstrates the two-stage transduction mechanism of the hybrid vector, because the adenovirus stage can efficiently transduce human cells but cannot replicate in murine cells, and conversely, the ecotropic retrovirus stage cannot enter human cells but can efficiently proliferate in murine cells, resulting in permanent integration and progressive spread of reporter gene expression.
APPLYING SPATIAL AUDIO TO HUMAN INTERFACES: 25 YEARS OF NASA EXPERIENCE (2010)

From the perspective of human factors engineering, the inclusion of spatial audio within a human-machine interface is advantageous from several perspectives. Demonstrated benefits include the ability to monitor multiple streams of speech and non-speech warning tones using a cocktail party advantage, and for aurally-guided visual search. Other potential benefits include the spatial coordination and interaction of multimodal events, and evaluation of new communication technologies and alerting systems using virtual simulation. Many of these technologies were developed at NASA Ames Research Center, beginning in 1985. This paper reviews examples and describes the advantages of spatial sound in NASA-related technologies, including space operations, aeronautics, and search and rescue. The work has involved hardware and software development as well as basic and applied research.
JustSpeak (2014)

In this paper we introduce JustSpeak, a universal voice control solution for non-visual access to the Android operating system. JustSpeak offers two contributions as compared to existing systems. First, it enables system wide voice control on Android that can accommodate any application. JustSpeak constructs the set of available voice commands based on application context; these commands are directly synthesized from on-screen labels and accessibility metadata, and require no further intervention from the application developer. Second, it provides more efficient and natural interaction with support of multiple voice commands in the same utterance. We present the system design of JustSpeak and describe its utility in various use cases. We then discuss the system level supports required by a service like JustSpeak on other platforms. By eliminating the target locating and pointing tasks, JustSpeak can significantly improve experience of graphic interface interaction for blind and motion-impaired users.
Serum CC-Chemokine Ligand 18 Concentration Predicts Outcome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2009)

Our data demonstrate that serum CCL18 concentrations have a predictive value in IPF and may be a useful tool in the clinical management of patients with IPF and in clinical trials.
Analysis of Antitumor Properties of Effector Cells Stimulated with a Cell Wall Preparation (WPG) of Bifidobacterium infantis. (1995)

Intestinal Bifidobacterium species are thought to be beneficial in animal and human intestines. We studied the mechanisms of Bifidobacteria in antitumor activity using a cell wall preparation (WPG) of B. infantis (Cancer Res., 45, 1300, (1985)). WPG enhanced the in vitro antitumor activities of mouse peritoneal exudate cells elicited with proteose-peptone (P-PEC) and thioglycollate broth (TG-PEC), determined by cytostatic ([3H]thymidine uptake inhibition) and cytolytic ([3H]uridine release) assays. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) play a role in such augmented cytotoxicity, because anti-TNF-alpha antibody almost completely blocked the increased cytolytic activity of P-PEC in the presence of WPG. Moreover, WPG induced RNI in the supernatant of TG-PEC in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of several cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-alpha and TNF-alpha) was induced in BALB/c mouse peritoneal cells 3 h after an intraperitoneal injection of WPG (3 h WPG-PEC). However, this expression disappeared from 24 h WPG-PEC, except for that of IFN-alpha. IFN-gamma was not induced. Kinetic studies of the tumor neutralizing activities of the WPG-PECs by means of the in vivo Winn assay revealed that the activity emerged at 1.5 h, became maximal at 3 h and disappeared at 24h. These results indicated that Bifidobacterial WPG is a Biological Response Modifier (BRM) with characteristics similar to those of other bacterial BRMs.
Development of an image processing based sheet music recognition system for iOS devices (2014)

Intelligent mobile devices with multiple sensors and technologies have been spread widely and gradually. This paper presents a sheet music recognition system that can automatically recognize and perform the musical score with a simulated piano on iOS devices. The overall music recognition system consists of three functional parts. The first part is designed to pre-process the input image of a musical score. The major task of the second part is to segment each individual object on the musical score followed by note and pitch recognition. Finally, the recognized notes are transformed to the MIDI forms and the musical score is performed by a simulated piano. The proposed system has been implemented as an App which can be run of iOS devices.
Polymer‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Alkynylplatinum(II) Terpyridyl Complexes by Metal⋅⋅⋅Metal/π⋅⋅⋅π Interactions (2004)

Deprotonation of polycarboxylic acids induces the self-assembly of terpyridylplatinum(II) complexes (see picture) and triggers remarkable changes in the UV/Vis spectra and emission intensities. The changes in the electronic spectra arise from metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions resulting from the aggregation of the complexes.
Solubilization and Interaction of Sulindac with Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 in the Solid State and in Aqueous Solution (1998)

In this report the interactions of sulindac with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), both in the solid state and in aqueous solution, have been investigated. Solid dispersions of sulindac with PVP K30 were prepared by the solvent method in ethanol from various drug-to-polymer weight ratios. X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry have shown that PVP inhibits the crystallization of sulindac. The stabilization of the noncrystalline state of sulindac was shown by x-ray diffractometry after a 1-year storage. There was a considerable increase in the release rate of the drug when the polymer content was increased and the intrinsic dissolution rate values of these systems were calculated. From the UV spectra a bathochromic shift and a well-defined isosbestic point were observed at pH 2 and 6, which confirmed an interaction between the drug and the polymer in solution. Moreover, the apparent solubility of sulindac has been modified as a function of the polymer concentrations. The binding process between the drug and PVP was exothermic from the stability constant values at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C at pH 2.
Adipose Tissue Regeneration: A State of the Art (2012)

Adipose tissue pathologies and defects have always represented a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. In more recent years, several allogenic and alloplastic materials have been developed and used as fillers for soft tissue defects. However, their clinical use has been limited by further documented complications, such as foreign-body reactions potentially affecting function, degradation over time, and the risk for immunogenicity. Tissue-engineering strategies are thus being investigated to develop methods for generating adipose tissue. This paper will discuss the current state of the art in adipose tissue engineering techniques, exploring the biomaterials used, stem cells application, culture strategies, and current regulatory framework that are in use are here described and discussed.
Microcontact Printing Directly on the Silicon Surface (2002)

Alkoxyl thin films were deposited directly onto silicon surfaces by microcontact printing. This is based on an efficient reaction between alcohol functional groups and chlorine-terminated silicon surfaces for thin film assembly [Langmuir 2000, 16, 6766]. The features formed by microcontact printing show high resolution and fidelity, with no evidence of edge diffusion or island formation. These represent marked improvements over siloxane-based approaches.
THE ISOLATION OF A REPRESENTATIVE LIGNIN FRACTION FROM WOOD AND STRAW MEALS (1962)

not available