gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Profile and Clinical-Pathologic Features of the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2003)

The follicular variant (FV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma is characterized by a follicular growth pattern and cytologic features of papillary carcinoma. ret/PTC rearrangements are common in classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and PAX8-PPARγ and ras mutations in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Their prevalence in FV has not been established. We studied these genetic alterations and clinical-pathologic features in 30 FV cases and compared those with 46 non-FV papillary carcinomas. FV cases revealed 1 ret/PTC rearrangement (3%) and 13 ras mutations (43%). Non-FV cases harbored 13 ret/PTC (28%) (P = .006) and no ras mutations (P = .0002). No PAX8-PPARγ was found in either group. FV cases demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of tumor encapsulation, angiovascular invasion, and poorly differentiated areas and a lower rate of lymph node metastases. These data indicate that the FV of papillary carcinoma has a distinct set of molecular alterations and is characterized by a high frequency of ras point mutations.
Control of polymer properties by melt vibration technology: A review (1998)

Abstract This paper reviews the technology of melt vibration (more specifically at low frequency) to reduce viscosity during processing of plastics and to enhance mechanical performance of the solidified parts. The effect of vibration frequency and amplitude on melt viscosity is explained in terms of shear‐thinning criteria. The effect of pressure and temperature on shear thinning is also reviewed to predict how these variables interfere with melt vibration. Practical applications of the principles of melt vibration are provided in injection molding, extrusion and compression molding/thermoforming, from reduction of viscosity to lowering processing temperature and pressure to the elimination of melt defects and weld lines, to the enhancement of mechanical properties, stiffness and strength, by modification of the amorphous and semicrystalline texture and orientational state. Commercially available equipments are reviewed. Results showing the effect of melt vibration during processing for two classical polymers, polystyrene and polypropylene, are discussed. The paper concludes on the remaining challenges to bring the benefits of the new technology to full commercialization.
Enantiomerenreine Pyrrolidin‐Derivate aus trans‐4‐Hydroxy‐L‐prolin durch elektrochemische oxidative Decarboxylierung und Titantetrachlorid‐vermittelte Umsetzung mit Nukleophilen (1986)

Enantiomerically Pure Pyrrolidine Derivatives from trans ‐4‐Hydroxy‐ L ‐proline by Electrochemical Oxidative Decarboxylation and Titanium‐Tetrachloride‐Mediated Reaction with Nucleophiles Preparative electrolysis of N ‐methoxycarbonyl‐ O ‐[( t ‐butyl)dimethylsilyl]hydroxyproline 4 in MeOH leads to substitution of the COOH by a MeO group (oxidative decarboxylation). The mixture 5 of the two diastereoisomers ( ca 1:1) thus obtained was reacted in CH 2 Cl 2 with nucleophilic silylated compounds (such as allylsilane, silyl cyanide and 1‐phenyl‐1‐silyloxyethane) or with trimethyl phosphite in the presence of TiCl 4 to give 2‐allyl‐, 2‐cyano‐, 2‐(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethyl)‐ and 2‐phosphono‐substituted hydroxypyrrolidines, respectively, with high diastereoselectivities (≥ 90%, products 6‐12 ). The configuration of two of the products ( 6/7 and 8/9 ) was shown to be cis .
Aberrant splicing of androgen receptor mRNA results in synthesis of a nonfunctional receptor protein in a patient with androgen insensitivity. (1990)

Androgen insensitivity is a disorder in which the correct androgen response in an androgen target cell is impaired. The clinical symptoms of this X chromosome-linked syndrome are presumed to be caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene. We report a G----T mutation in the splice donor site of intron 4 of the androgen receptor gene of a 46,XY subject lacking detectable androgen binding to the receptor and with the complete form of androgen insensitivity. This point mutation completely abolishes normal RNA splicing at the exon 4/intron 4 boundary and results in the activation of a cryptic splice donor site in exon 4, which leads to the deletion of 123 nucleotides from the mRNA. Translation of the mutant mRNA results in an androgen receptor protein approximately 5 kDa smaller than the wild type. This mutated androgen receptor protein was unable to bind androgens and unable to activate transcription of an androgen-regulated reporter gene construct. This mutation in the human androgen receptor gene demonstrates the importance of an intact steroid-binding domain for proper androgen receptor functioning in vivo.
Nowcasting U.S. Business Cycle Turning Points with Vector Quantization (2013)

We propose a non-parametric classification algorithm known as Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) for the purpose of identifying new U.S. business cycle turning points in real time. LVQ is widely used for classification in many other contexts, including pro- duction quality monitoring and voice recognition. The algorithm is well suited for real-time classification of economic data to expansion and recession regimes due to its ability to eas- ily incorporate missing data and a large number of economic indicators, both of which are features of the real-time environment. It is also computationally simple to implement as com- pared to popular parametric alternatives. We present Monte Carlo evidence demonstrating the potential advantages of the LVQ algorithm over a misspecified parametric statistical model. We then evaluate the real-time ability of the algorithm to quickly and accurately establish new business cycle turning points in the United States over the past five NBER recessions. The algorithm’s performance is competitive with commonly used alternatives.
Embedded Microprocessor Systems (1996)

From the Publisher:
Embedded microprocessor systems are affecting our daily lives at a fast pace, mostly unrecognised by the general public. Most of us are aware of the part they are playing in increasing business efficiency through office applications such as personal computers, printers and copiers. Only a few people, however, fully appreciate the growing role of embedded systems in telecommunications and industrial environments, or even in everyday products like cars and home appliances. The challenge to engineers and managers is not only highlighted by the sheer size of the market, ' 1.5 billion microcontrollers and microprocessors are produced every year ' but also by the accelerating innovation in embedded systems towards higher complexity in hardware, software and tools as well as towards higher performance and lower consumption. To maintain competitiveness in this demanding environment, an optimum mix of innovation, time to market and system cost is required. Choosing the right options and strategies for products and companies is crucial and rarely obvious. In this book the editors have, therefore, skilfully brought together more than fifty contributions from some of the leading authorities in embedded systems. The papers are conveniently grouped in four sections.
Chemical Etching Characteristics of  ( 001 ) GaAs (1983)

The chemical etching characteristics of are studied through an (or AZ‐1350J photoresist) mask in the solutions of various etching systems: (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) , (v) , (vi) , (vii) , (viii), (ix) , and (x) alkaline system. The etching profiles are examined by cleaving the wafer in orthogonal directions along the (110) and (10) planes. Various etching profiles, such as ordinary‐mesa shaped, reverse‐mesa shaped structures, and nearly vertical walls, are formed by stripes being etched on the (001) planes. The indexes of the etch‐revealed planes are identified by making a comparison with the calculated angle between the (001) surface and etch‐side planes. The utility of these etching solutions is also discussed in detail for a variety of device applications.
Information-Theoretic Approach to Efficient Adaptive Path Planning for Mobile Robotic Environmental Sensing (2018)

Recent research in robot exploration and mapping has focused on sampling environmental hotspot fields. This exploration task is formalized by Low, Dolan, and Khosla (2008) in a sequential decision-theoretic planning under uncertainty framework called MASP. The time complexity of solving MASP approximately depends on the map resolution, which limits its use in large-scale, high-resolution exploration and mapping. To alleviate this computational difficulty, this paper presents an information-theoretic approach to MASP (iMASP) for efficient adaptive path planning; by reformulating the cost-minimizing iMASP as a reward-maximizing problem, its time complexity becomes independent of map resolution and is less sensitive to increasing robot team size as demonstrated both theoretically and empirically. Using the reward-maximizing dual, we derive a novel adaptive variant of maximum entropy sampling, thus improving the induced exploration policy performance. It also allows us to establish theoretical bounds quantifying the performance advantage of optimal adaptive over non-adaptive policies and the performance quality of approximately optimal vs. optimal adaptive policies. We show analytically and empirically the superior performance of iMASP-based policies for sampling the log-Gaussian process to that of policies for the widely-used Gaussian process in mapping the hotspot field. Lastly, we provide sufficient conditions that, when met, guarantee adaptivity has no benefit under an assumed environment model.
Tumescent Technique for Local Anesthesia Improves Safety in Large-Volume Liposuction (1993)

The tumescent technique for local anesthesia improves the safety of large-volume liposuction ( > or = 1500 ml of fat) by virtually eliminating surgical blood loss and by completely eliminating the risks of general anesthesia. Results of two prospective studies of large-volume liposuction using the tumescent technique are reported. In 112 patients, the mean lidocaine dosage was 33.3 mg/kg, the mean volume of aspirated material was 2657 ml, and the mean volume of supernatant fat was 1945 ml. The mean volume of whole blood aspirated by liposuction was 18.5 ml. For each 1000 ml of fat removed, 9.7 ml of whole blood was suctioned. In 31 large-volume liposuction patients treated in 1991, the mean difference between preoperative and 1-week postoperative hematocrits was -1.9 percent. The last 87 patients received no parenteral sedation. In a second study, a 75-kg woman received 35 mg/kg of lidocaine on two separate occasions, first without liposuction and 25 days later with liposuction; peak plasma lidocaine concentrations occurred at 14 and 11 hours after beginning the infiltration and were 2.37 and 1.86 micrograms/ml, respectively.
Vibratory pattern of vocal folds under tension asymmetry (2006)

Knowledge of the consequences of mass, tension, and position asymmetries of the vocal folds is crucial for diagnosis making and defining therapeutic strategies in dysphonic patients. This study may contribute to the understanding of physiology of vocal fold interaction and its compensatory mechanisms.
Tropism of Mycoplasma gallisepticum for Arterial Walls (1973)

The fatal encephalopathy associated with M. gallisepticum strain S6 in turkey poults was completely curable by treatment with tylosin or pleuromutilin. The lesions of cerebral polyarteritis disappeared after therapy. Polyarthritis developed in some birds after recovery from encephalitis. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that intravenously injected organisms became localized as microcolonies within the walls of cerebral and periarticular arteries, and in the glomeruli. Turkey IgG deposition was demonstrated on the glomerular basement membranes, but not in the arterial lesions. The results suggest that the pathologic changes caused by this microorganism are due to selective localization and growth in arteries.
I domain of beta 2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 contains a binding site for ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1. (1994)

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a beta 2 integrin that participates in a broad range of leukocyte functions through binding to its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The location of the ICAM-1 binding site on LFA-1 is not known. A approximately 200-amino acid "inserted" or "I" domain, which is part of the beta 2 integrin alpha subunit, is homologous to the "A" domains found in the adhesive protein von Willebrand factor and in a number of other proteins. In von Willebrand factor, the A domains are involved in ligand binding, but their function in the other proteins is still unclear. In this report, we show that the LFA-1 I domain contains a binding site for ICAM-1, which can be expressed as an isolated functional unit. The I domain contains the epitopes for 18 out of 20 anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies, many of which interfere with the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM-1. The I domain binds directly to purified recombinant ICAM-1 and also inhibits LFA-1-dependent T cell adhesion to ICAM-1. This report establishes the I domain as an ICAM-1 binding region in LFA-1 and the first ligand binding site to be identified in a beta 2 integrin.
Decreases in Serum Triacylglycerol and Visceral Fat Mediated by Dietary Soybean .BETA.-conglycinin (2006)

Soy protein isolate (SPI) is known to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) levels. Soybean β-conglycinin, which is a component of SPI, might be the active ingredient that prevents and/or ameliorates lifestyle-related diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and obesity. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of soybean β-conglycinin for lowering the human serum TG level and visceral fat. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled designs were used to test the effect of dietary β-conglycinin, which was taken in the form of candy. [Test 1]In order to examine the serum TG level, 138 volunteers aged 26 to 69 years with TG concentrations above 1.69 mmol/L participated in the study. The subjects were divided at random into two different groups: the test group only consumed the experimental candy containing β-conglycinin and the placebo group only consumed the placebo candy containing casein. The test period consisted of a 2-wk pre-evaluation phase to screen the participants, a 12-wk consumption period and a 4-wk post-evaluation phase. The serum TG concentrations were significantly reduced in the test group, compared with the placebo group, after consuming the experimental candy. [Test 2]In order to measure visceral fat by means of CT scanning, 102 volunteers aged 26 to 69 years with body mass indices (BMI) between 25 and 30 participated in the study. The subjects were divided at random into two different groups as for Test 1. The test period consisted of a 2-wk pre-evaluation phase to screen the participants, a 20-wk consumption period and a 4-wk post-evaluation phase. A significant reduction in visceral fat only occurred in the β-conglycinin group. This study showed that β-conglycinin is an effective food ingredient that will be of use to reduce high serum TG concentrations and to prevent obesity.
Cataloging With AACR2R and USMARC: For Books, Computer Files, Serials, Sound Recordings, Videorecordings (2000)

This book is not a book with detailed explanations of how to catalog different types of material complete with examples. It is not a compilation of all of AACR2 or all the rule interpretations or the entire MARC format, and it does not cover every type of material a library might catalog. It is a manual to keep beside one's computer to use in searching for bibliographic records, checking to see if they match the material in hand, editing records, making new records for different editions, and inputting original records for the types of material most commonly cataloged by libraries. The author has worked in cataloging since 1985 and has taught cataloging workshops since 1989. This book is an outgrowth of the handout for those workshops.
The Protective Effect of Glibenclamide in a Model of Hemorrhagic Encephalopathy of Prematurity (2013)

We studied a model of hemorrhagic encephalopathy of prematurity (EP) that closely recapitulates findings in humans with hemorrhagic EP. This model involves tandem insults of 20 min intrauterine ischemia (IUI) plus an episode of elevated venous pressure induced by intraperitoneal glycerol on post-natal day (P) 0. We examined Sur1 expression, which is upregulated after focal ischemia but has not been studied after brief global ischemia including IUI. We found that 20 min IUI resulted in robust upregulation of Sur1 in periventricular microvessels and tissues. We studied tandem insult pups from untreated or vehicle-treated dams (TI-CTR), and tandem insult pups from dams administered a low-dose, non-hypoglycemogenic infusion of the Sur1 blocker, glibenclamide, for 1 week after IUI (TI-GLIB). Compared to pups from the TI-CTR group, pups from the TI-GLIB group had significantly fewer and less severe hemorrhages on P1, performed significantly better on the beam walk and accelerating Rotarod on P35 and in tests of thigmotaxis and rapid learning on P35-49, and had significantly greater body and brain weights at P52. We conclude that low-dose glibenclamide administered to the mother at the end of pregnancy protects pups subjected to IUI from post-natal events of elevated venous pressure and its consequences.
Cloning and expression of two genes from Babesia equi merozoites and evaluation of their diagnostic potential. (1995)

High-titre equine immune sera were used to screen a lambda gt 11 expression library of Babesia equi cDNA fragments. Two cDNA clones which did not cross-hybridize to each other were studied. Both clones hybridized specifically to DNA from B. equi but not to DNA from B. caballi, B. divergens or B. ovis. Recombinant proteins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins with apparent molecular weights of 40 kDa and 75 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies directed against the 40 kDa and 75 kDa recombinant proteins detected native antigens of 55 kDa and 50 kDa respectively in crude lysates of B. equi merozoites indicating that neither cDNA clone was full length (GST = 26 kDa). In Western blotting experiments the 75 kDa protein showed cross-reactivity with sera from horses infected with B. caballi and was not further investigated. The 40 kDa protein was additionally tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A test was developed which had a calculated specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 88% with sera from horses infected with the homologous strain of B. equi. The ELISA did not recognize sera from horses infected with B. equi strains from Brazil and Morocco.
Temporal and spatial aspects of fragmentation in early human embryos: possible effects on developmental competence and association with the differential elimination of regulatory proteins from polarized domains (1999)

This study examined the relationship between blastomere fragmentation in cultured human embryos obtained by in-vitro fertilization and the effect of fragmentation on the distribution of the following eight regulatory proteins found to be: (i) localized in the mature oocyte in subplasmalemmal, polarized domains; and (ii) unequally inherited by the blastomeres during cleavage: leptin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Bax, Bcl-x, transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF beta 2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-kit and epidermal growth factor R (EGF-R). Four basic patterns of fragmentation were observed. The severity of the impact of each type of fragmentation on the affected blastomere(s) and the developmental competence of the embryo appeared to be a function of the unique temporal and spatial features associated with the particular fragmentation pattern(s) involved in each instance. The findings demonstrate that certain patterns of fragmentation can result in the partial or near total loss of the eight regulatory proteins from specific blastomeres and that the developmental potential of the affected embryo can be particularly compromised if it occurs during the 1- or 2-cell stages. In contrast, fragmentation from portions of a fertilized egg or a blastomere(s) in a 2-cell embryo that do not contain the protein domains, or the complete loss by fragmentation of a regulatory protein domain-containing blastomere after the 4-cell stage does not necessarily preclude continued development to the blastocyst, although the normality and developmental potential of the embryo may be compromised. The possible association between fragmentation and apoptosis was examined by annexin V staining of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine and TUNEL analysis of blastomere DNA. No direct correlation between fragmentation and apoptosis was found following the analyses of fragmented embryos with these two markers. However, while we suggest that changes in cell physiology unrelated to apoptosis are the more likely causes of fragmentation, we cannot exclude the possibility that fragmentation itself may be an initiator of apoptosis if critical ratios or levels of developmentally important proteins are altered by partial or complete elimination of their polarized domains. The findings are discussed with respect to the possible developmental significance of regulatory protein polarization in human oocytes and preimplantation stage embryos.
Surface mount optical interconnects (2008)

New surface mount optical coupling solutions for short reach and chip level connection are presented. These miniaturized optical interconnects have advanced micro-optics integrated within fiber connectors, chips and light sources. Interconnect fabrication is compatible with Si CMOS processing, III-V processing and automated surface mount assembly processing. The combination of these fabrication and assembly processing methods enable dramatic cost reductions for optical interconnects.
Multisite Pacing for End‐Stage Heart Failure: Early Experience (1996)

Our objective was to improve hemodynamics by synchronous right and left site ventricular pacing in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF). Previous studies reported a benefit of dual chamber pacing with a short AV delay in patients with severe CHF. Other works, however, show contradictory results. Deleterious effects due to a desynchronization of right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) contractions have been suggested. This study included eight subjects with widened QRS and end-stage heart failure despite maximal medical therapy, who refused, or were not eligible to undergo heart transplantation, Each patient underwent a baseline, invasive hemodynamic evaluation with insertion of three temporary leads to allow different pacing configurations, including RV apex and outflow tract pacing, and biventricular pacing between the RV outflow tract and LV and RV apex and LV. According to the results of this baseline study, the configuration of preexistent pacemakers was modified or new systems were implanted to allow biventricular pacing, which, in patients with sinus rhythm, was atrial triggered. Biventricular pacing increased the mean cardiac index (CI) by 25% (from a baseline of 1.83 +/- 0.30 L/min per m2, P < 0.006), decreased the mean V wave by 26% (from a baseline of 36 +/- 12 mmHg, P < 0.004), and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by 17% (from a baseline of 31 +/- 10 mmHg, P < 0.01). Four patients died (1 preoperatively, 1 intraoperatively, 2 within 3 months, and 1 of a noncardiac cause). The four surviving patients have clinically improved from New York Heart Association Functional Class IV to Class II. In these survivors, CI decreased by 15% (P < 0.007) when multisite pacing was turned off during follow-up. In patients with end-stage heart failure, multisite pacing may be associated with a rapid and sustained hemodynamic improvement.