gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Report of 19 cases of a distinctive type of high-grade polyphenotypic malignancy affecting young individuals. (1991)

Nineteen cases of a distinctive type of malignant small-cell tumor are presented. The main features of the entity are as follows: a predilection for adolescent males (mean age: 18.6 years); predominant or exclusive intra-abdominal location, with only inconstant and secondary organ involvement; nesting pattern of growth; focal rhabdoid features; intense desmoplastic reaction; immunohistochemical reactivity for epithelial [keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)], neural [neuron-specific enolase (NSE)], and muscle (desmin) markers; and highly aggressive behavior. It is proposed that this represents yet another member of the continuously enlarging and evolving family of small round (blue) cell tumors of infancy and childhood that features, more than any other member of this group, the capacity for simultaneous multidirectional phenotypical expression.
Imaging of tumor angiogenesis using 99mTc-labeled human recombinant anti-ED-B fibronectin antibody fragments. (2006)

ED-B fibronectin can be efficiently targeted by 99mTc-AP39 and scintigraphically visualized in tumor-bearing mice, providing a potentially useful clinical tool for imaging of angiogenesis-associated ED-B fibronectin-expressing human tumors.
Expression of Neuroendocrine Factor VGF in Lung Cancer Cells Confers Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors and Triggers Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2017)

Mutations in EGFR drive tumor growth but render tumor cells sensitive to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Phenotypic alteration in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to the TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying this resistance remains unclear. Here we report that high expression of a neuroendocrine factor termed VGF induces the transcription factor TWIST1 to facilitate TKI resistance, EMT, and cancer dissemination in a subset of lung adenocarcinoma cells. VGF silencing resensitized EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells to TKI. Conversely, overexpression of VGF in sensitive cells conferred resistance to TKIs and induced EMT, increasing migratory and invasive behaviors. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association of VGF expression with advanced tumor grade and poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In a mouse xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma, suppressing VGF expression was sufficient to attenuate tumor growth. Overall, our findings show how VGF can confer TKI resistance and trigger EMT, suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. <i>Cancer Res; 77(11); 3013-26. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Time is brain: Post-marketing experience with alteplase (tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (2000)

Thrombolytic therapy with alteplase (tPA; Activase(®)) has been approved in the U.S. and Canada for use in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Based on the results of five Phase III clinical trials, administration of alteplase is limited to those patients presenting for treatment within 3 hours after initial onset of stroke symptoms. Published post-marketing experience with alteplase has been reported in over 1,000 patients, largely from investigative centers that have previously participated in the randomized clinical trials. This study population will soon be expanded three-fold, with the publication of post-marketing data from two ongoing collaborations, the multicenter tPA Stroke Survey and the Canadian Activase for Stroke Effectiveness Study (CASES). Initial clinical data in CASES from over 600 treated patients have been very favorable, with 31% achieving an excellent neurological outcome and a rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage of only 4%. However, open clinical experience with alteplase does not appear to demonstrate the same degree of therapeutic efficacy as in the randomized trials, particularly in community hospital settings. This is likely due to alteplase being administered later during the 3-hour post-stroke treatment window, less uniform patient selection, and the difficulties typically experienced in applying complex technologies to clinical practice. An overwhelming majority of the published reports on post-marketing experience with alteplase in stroke have been positive, and hundreds of stroke patients have benefited from this treatment. However, physicians, hospitals and the lay public must be more aggressively educated about acute stroke care, and stroke teams must be more widely established, in order to ensure the most effective application of thrombolysis with the use of alteplase in AIS.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens: Suppression Using Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Bismuth Thiols (2008)

Free and bound (or capsular) EPS produced by suspended cultures of Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens were characterized in detail using colorimetric analysis of total proteins and polysaccharides, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) in the presence and absence of bismuth-based antifouling agents. Subtle differences in the chemical composition of free and bound EPS were observed for both bacteria in the absence of bismuth. Total polysaccharides and proteins in free and bound EPS decreased upon treatment with subinhibitory concentrations of lipophilic bismuth thiols (bismuth dimercaptopropanol, BisBAL; bismuth ethanedithiol, BisEDT; and bismuth pyrithione, BisPYR), with BisBAL being most effective. Bismuth thiols also influenced acetylation and carboxylation of polysaccharides in EPS from S. marcescens. Extensive homology between EPS samples in the presence and absence of bismuth was observed with proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids varying predominantly only in the total amount produced. Second derivative analysis of the amide I region of FTIR spectra revealed decreases in protein secondary structures in the presence of bismuth thiols. Hence, antifouling properties of bismuth thiols appear to originate in their ability to suppress O-acetylation and protein secondary structure formation in addition to free and bound EPS secretion.
OnActor-Critic Algorithms (2003)

In this article, we propose and analyze a class of actor-critic algorithms. These are two-time-scale algorithms in which the critic uses temporal difference learning with a linearly parameterized approximation architecture, and the actor is updated in an approximate gradient direction, based on information provided by the critic. We show that the features for the critic should ideally span a subspace prescribed by the choice of parameterization of the actor. We study actor-critic algorithms for Markov decision processes with Polish state and action spaces. We state and prove two results regarding their convergence.
Antitumor immunity elicited by tumor cells transfected with B7-2, a second ligand for CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory molecules. (1995)

We have examined the role of the B7-2 costimulatory molecule, a second ligand for CD28/CTLA-4 counter-receptors, in the induction of antitumor immunity. A plasmid containing murine B7-2 cDNA was transfected into the immunogenic mouse mastocytoma P815 of DBA/2 origin. In contrast to the lethal growth of the wild-type (wt) P815 tumor, B7-2-positive (B7-2+) P815 cells inoculated into syngeneic mice regressed, and immunization of mice with such tumor cells protected them against the challenge of wt P815 tumor. Depletion of CD8+, but not of CD4+, lymphocytes in vivo by specific Abs abolished the regression of B7-2+ P815 tumors. CD8+ cytolytic T cells could be generated from mice immunized with B7-2+ P815. They were found to be MHC class I-restricted and specific for the P815 tumor. In contrast, transfection of the B7-2 gene into the nonimmunogenic MCA102 fibrosarcoma of C57BL/6 origin induced neither tumor regression nor protective immunity. Co-expression on MCA102 cells of B7-2 together with the related costimulator B7-1 also failed to induce immunity to MCA102 tumor. Our results indicate that transfection of B7-2 into tumor cells can improve host response to some tumors, and that the effects seen are similar to those previously observed for B7-1.
Recipient plasmacytoid DCs are not required to prime allogeneic T-cell responses after BMT (2009)

To the editor:

We read with interest the elegant studies of Koyama and colleagues[1][1] in which they demonstrate the ability of recipient conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) to prime allogeneic T-cell responses and initiate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when
Rotator Cuff Repair with Carbon Filament (1985)

Carbon filament-polylactic acid (CPA) is useful in closing large and massive tears of the rotator cuff. CPA was not used to fill a large gap between the cuff edge and raw bone. In the small number of shoulders (five) repaired with CPA, the best results were obtained in first-time operations. In two patients who had total acromionectomies, the functional results were poor, as expected. CPA-assisted cuff repairs have not yet been shown to be significantly better than repairs with conventional techniques.
Fluid extravasation during cardiopulmonary bypass in piglets – effects of hypothermia and different cooling protocols (2003)

Hypothermia increased fluid extravasation during CPB independent of cooling strategy. Intravascular albumin and protein masses remained constant. Since inflammatory fluid leakage usually results in protein rich exudates, our data with no net protein leakage may indicate that mechanisms other than inflammation could contribute to fluid extravasation during hypothermic CPB.
[Dynamics of pressure and flow curves of various expiratory pressure valves]. (1997)

Flow dynamics of exhalation valves in home care ventilators (CPAP-, BiLevel-, and autoadjust machines) are determined by their physical properties. The flow characteristic implies distinct curves leading to expiratory increase and inspiratory decay of pressure depending on flow rate.For examination of pressure/flow characteristic we examined several valves (one and two circular holes, Sullivan-, Whisper-Swivel-, Silence-valve). Expiratory peak and inspiratory trough assessed at constant pressure (10 mbar) were measured with varying flow rates.Valves differ with their pressure characteristics up to 1.2 mbar for inspiratory and 1.0 mbar for expiratory flow at 2.0 1/s.The specific characteristic for each valve is part of the total efficiency of a home care ventilator. Their pressure flow relationship has to be taken into account for titration process and for exchange between different machines and accessories.
Effect of chemical sympathectomy on renal hydroelectrolytic handling in dogs with chronic caval constriction. (1986)

The effect of renal selective chemical sympathectomy by intrarenal infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 5 mg/kg body weight) on the renal excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in 7 dogs in whom a syndrome of sodium and water retention and ascites formation was induced by partial constriction of thoracic inferior vena cava. Propranolol (1 mg) and phentolamine (3 mg) were also injected to obviate acute systemic hemodynamic changes. Sympathectomy was performed once in 4 dogs and three times in 3 dogs. Sympathectomy induced an abrupt and transient increase in urinary flow (from 170 +/- 30 to 890 +/- 60 ml/24 h) and sodium excretion (from 4.5 +/- 1.5 to 178 +/- 21 mEq/24 h). This was accompanied by an important fall in plasma renin activity (from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng angiotensin I/ml/h) and aldosterone, and disappearance of ascites. It is concluded that chemical sympathectomy, by increasing renal sodium and water excretion, mobilizes the ascites induced by chronic caval constriction, a fact that highlights the role of the renal sympathetic system in the pathogenesis of sodium and water retention by the kidney.
Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors: A Light at the End of the Tunnel (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious and growing threat to human health. The current treatment provides limited efficacy and is poorly tolerated, highlighting the urgent medical need for novel therapeutics. The membrane-targeted NS3 protein in complex with the NS4A comprises a serine protease domain (NS3/4A protease) that is essential for viral polyprotein maturation and contributes to the evasion of the host innate antiviral immunity by HCV. Therefore, the NS3/4A protease represents an attractive target for drug discovery, which is tied in with the challenge to develop selective small-molecule inhibitors. A rational drug design approach, based on the discovery of N-terminus product inhibition, led to the identification of potent and orally bioavailable NS3 inhibitors that target the highly conserved protease active site. This review summarizes the NS3 protease inhibitors currently challenged in clinical trials as one of the most promising antiviral drug class, and possibly among the first anti-HCV agents to be approved for the treatment of HCV infection.
3-dimensional pliable surfaces (1995)

A fundamental issue in user interface design is the effective use of available screen space, commonly referred to as the screen real estate problem.
2-Chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, a Reagent for the Accurate Determination of the Uncondensed and Condensed Phenolic Moieties in Lignins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, a Reagent for the Accurate Determination of the Uncondensed and Condensed Phenolic Moieties in LigninsAlessandro Granata and Dimitris S. ArgyropoulosCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 6, 1538–1544Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00054a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3300Altmetric-Citations684LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Meiotic recombination between yeast artificial chromosomes yields a single clone containing the entire BCL2 protooncogene. (1990)

The common translocation found in human follicular lymphoma, t(14;18)(q32;q21), results in deregulation of the BCL2 protoonocogene. The isolation of the intact gene would provide an essential substrate to analyze the molecular basis of this malignancy. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that this three-exon gene was several hundred kilobases (kb) long. Therefore, a library of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones was screened to isolate the intact BCL2 gene. Two clones, yA85B6 (200 kb) and yB206A6 (700 kb), were isolated by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays specific for exon I/II and exon III, respectively. However, neither YAC contained the entire BCL2 locus. Since the two YACs were found to overlap by 60 kb, we sought to take advantage of the high recombination frequency in yeast and induce physical recombination between the two clones. Cells containing each YAC were mated and induced to undergo meiotic division and sporulation. Analysis of the resulting tetrads revealed a spore containing a single recombinant YAC of 800 kb. PCR assays and Southern blotting demonstrated that this recombined YAC contained the entire approximately 230-kb BCL2 gene. Furthermore, probe order was conserved and there was no evidence of overt rearrangements or deletions. These results indicate the feasibility of reconstructing large genomic segments with overlapping YAC clones to study genes spanning hundreds of kilobases.
Protective effects of α-tocopherol and tiopronin against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (2004)

This study supports the hypothesis that alpha-tocopherol and tiopronin interfere with cisplatin-induced damage, and suggests that concurrent treatment with the two drugs can be useful in protecting against hearing loss.
Metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex in very early Alzheimer's disease (1997)

This study investigated cerebral glucose metabolism in very early Alzheimer's disease, before a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease is possible, using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. First, 66 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease with a spectrum of dementia severity (Mini-Mental State Examination score, 0-23) were recruited and studied. Cortical metabolic activity was analyzed topographically using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections. Regression analysis was performed for each brain pixel to predict metabolic patterns of very early disease. Predictions were tested prospectively in a group of 8 patients who complained only of memory impairment without general cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination score, 25 +/- 1) at the time of scanning but whose condition later progressed to probable Alzheimer's disease. Both results were compared to cerebral metabolic activity in 22 age-similar normal control subjects. Prediction and analysis of actual patients consistently indicated marked metabolic reduction (21-22%) in the posterior cingulate cortex and cinguloparietal transitional area in patients with very early Alzheimer's disease. Mean metabolic reduction in the posterior cingulate cortex was significantly greater than that in the lateral neocortices or parahippocampal cortex. The result suggests a functional importance for the posterior cingulate cortex in impairment of learning and memory, which is a feature of very early Alzheimer's disease.
Nonlinear least squares optimisation of unit quaternion functions for pose estimation from corresponding features (2002)

Pose estimation from an arbitrary number of 2D to 3D feature correspondences is often done by minimising a nonlinear criterion function using one of the minimal representations for the orientation. However, there are many advantages in using unit quaternions to represent the orientation. However, a straight forward formulation of the pose estimation problem based on quaternions results in a constrained optimisation problem. In this paper we propose a new method for solving general nonlinear least squares optimisation problems involving unit quaternion functions based on unconstrained optimisation techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for pose estimation from 2D to 3D line segment correspondences.
MLK-3: identification of a widely-expressed protein kinase bearing an SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic region domain. (1994)

We have identified a novel protein kinase, designated MLK-3, from human thymus using RT-PCR and cDNA library screening. The deduced open reading frame, derived from sequencing a 3.5 kb MLK-3 cDNA, encodes a protein of 847 amino acids with several interesting structural features. These include an SH3 domain in the absence of an SH2 domain, a region containing two leucine zippers with an adjacent carboxy-terminal basic region, and a proline rich region. This kinase shows homology with the mixed-lineage family of protein kinases (MLK) and shares the unusual leucine zipper-basic motif found in previously identified MLK kinases. By northern analysis, MLK-3 mRNA was detected in a wide variety of normal and transformed human cell lines and tissue specimens. The gene encoding MLK-3 has been mapped using fluorescence in situ hybridization to human chromosome 11 q13.1-13.3, a region frequently altered in human malignancies.
Low‐Temperature Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Synthesis of Nanostructured Iron‐Based Fluoride Cathodes for Lithium Batteries (2010)

A mesoporous iron-based fluoride cathode for lithium batteries is fabricated by a novel low-temperature non-aqueous synthesis based on ionic liquid medium. The hydration-water-induced microstructural optimization and morphological decoration are expected to contribute positively to both the large reversible Li-storage capacity and the high reactive voltage of carbon-free FeF3 · 0.33H2O at room temperature. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium-Based Catalyst for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis (2007)

A chiral Ru-based olefin metathesis catalyst bearing a chiral NHC ligand that is both C1-symmetric and monodentate is described. The catalyst shows increased reactivity in comparison to existing chiral Ru-based catalysts that possess a C2-symmetric NHC and successfully induces asymmetry in desymmetrization reactions.
First evaluation of real-time nitric oxide changes in the coronary circulation in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy using a catheter-type sensor (2010)

The catheter-type NO sensor could be applied to clinically evaluate the endothelial function (i.e. reduced endothelium-derived NO bioavailability) in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Functional Identification of Calcium Binding Residues in Bovine α-Lactalbumin (1997)

The functional role of previously identified calcium binding residues in alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of D82 to alanine did not effect the binding affinity for calcium, the protein structure, or its function in the lactose synthase assay, suggesting that this aspartate side chain is not essential for calcium binding or structural stabilization. In contrast, mutation of either D87 or D88 to alanine completely eliminated the strong calcium binding and altered alpha-LA as shown by several spectroscopically derived properties such as near- and far-UV CD and intrinsic fluorescence studies. These latter two mutants displayed significantly reduced abilities to stimulate lactose synthase activity (<3.5% of the maximal rate). Additionally, residues K79 and D84, which chelate calcium by backbone carbonyls, were mutated to alanine. K79A lost approximately 50% of its tertiary structure and stability (as determined by CD) but retained full calcium binding activity, indicating that at least the lysine side chain does not influence the carbonyl-mediated calcium coordination. In contrast, D84A lost approximately 25% of its tertiary structure and stability which was accompanied by a modest reduction in calcium affinity. Both mutants were able to stimulate normal lactose synthase activity. The triple mutant, D82A/D87A/D88A alpha-LA, lost its ability to bind calcium, similar to D87A and D88A. These studies clearly demonstrate the importance and variation of side chain interactions, which might be the seminal event in the establishment of the correct calcium binding loop conformation, possibly to stabilization and final folding of the overall protein structure.