gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole body capillary exchange of albumin. (1991)

Analyzed versus the large plasma marker of fibrinogen, initial albumin plasma disappearance in man or animals is sharply biphasic. Albumin uptake in skin, muscle and viscera follow the same pattern, suggesting serial barriers to albumin efflux in these tissues, i.e., a capillary membrane barrier and an interstitial barrier. The transport across the membrane is rapid, in both directions and probably mediated by diffusion, while interstitial transport may be slow, mainly unilateral and mainly convective. This implies the interstitial barrier and not the capillary membrane to be the rate limiting step of total plasma to lymph albumin transport. The distribution of efflux indicates whole body plasma disappearance to reflect mainly the uptake in muscle, lung, skin, and gut, while the highly perfused tissues of heart, kidney and sinusoid tissue have smaller influence due to their lower body masses.
Facile Generation of Heat-Stable Antiviral and Antitoxin Single Domain Antibodies from a Semisynthetic Llama Library (2006)

Llamas possess a class of unconventional immunoglobulins that have only heavy chains; unpaired heavy variable domains are responsible for antigen binding. These domains have previously been cloned and expressed as single domain antibodies (sdAbs); they comprise the smallest known antigen binding fragments. SdAbs have been shown to bind antigens at >90 degrees C and to refold after being denatured. To take advantage of the remarkable properties of sdAbs, we constructed a large, semisynthetic llama sdAb library. This library facilitated the rapid selection of binders to an array of biothreat targets. We selected sdAb specific for live vaccinia virus (a smallpox virus surrogate), hen egg lysozyme, cholera toxin, ricin, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The selected sdAb possessed high specificity as well as enhanced thermal stability in comparison to conventional IgG and scFv antibodies. We also determined equilibrium dissociation constants as well as demonstrated the use of several antitoxin sdAbs as effective capture and reporter molecules in sandwich assays on the Luminex instrument. The ability to rapidly select such rugged antibodies will enhance the reliability of immunoassays by extending shelf life and the capacity to function in hostile environments.
The Life and Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are present throughout the body and are thought to play a role in tissue regeneration and control of inflammation. MSC can be easily expanded in vitro and their potential as a therapeutic option for degenerative and inflammatory disease is therefore intensively investigated. Whilst it was initially thought that MSC would replace dysfunctional cells and migrate to sites of injury to interact with inflammatory cells, experimental evidence indicates that the majority of administered MSC get trapped in capillary networks and have a short life span. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the migratory properties of endogenous and exogenous MSC and confer on how culture-induced modifications of MSC may affect these properties. Finally, we will discuss how, despite their limited survival, administered MSC can bring about their therapeutic effects.
Response of fibroblast growth factor 21 to meal intake and insulin infusion in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (2015)

Serum FGF21 was highly elevated in HD patients but the response of serum FGF21 to meal intake and insulin infusion seemed to be intact. Our results indicate that FGF21 may play an important role in short-term metabolic homoeostasis.
Assessing Anxiety in Nonhuman Primates (2014)

Anxiety can be broadly described as a psychological state in which normally innocuous environmental stimuli trigger negative emotional expectations. Human anxiety disorders are multidimensional and may be organic or acquired, situational or pervasive. The broad ranging nature of the anxiety phenotype speaks to the need for models that identify its various components and root causes to develop effective clinical treatments. The cross-species comparative approach to modeling anxiety disorders in animals aims to understand mechanisms that both contribute to and modulate anxiety. Nonhuman primate models provide an important bridge from nonprimate model systems because of the complexity of nonhuman primates' biobehavioral capacities and their commonalities with human emotion. The broad goal of this review is to provide an overview of various procedures available to study anxiety in the nonhuman primate, with a focus on the behavioral aspects of anxiety. Commonly used methods covered in this review include assessing animals in their home environment or in response to an ethologically relevant threat, associative conditioning and startle response tests, and cognitive bias tests. We also discuss how these procedures can help veterinarians and researchers care for captive nonhuman primates.
Spatial Contrast Sensitivity (1984)

Clinical spatial contrast sensitivity measurements are typically made using psychophysical methods that do not specify the response criterion being used by the patient in judging grating visibility. Results of this report show the necessity of such methods for (1) maximizing detectability of early contrast sensitivity deficits by minimizing normal sample variance, and (2) ensuring that changes in an individual's contrast sensitivity reflect changes in vision and not simply fluctuations in the patient's criterion for judging grating visibility.
Real-time traffic classification for unified communication networks (2013)

The key feature of Unified Communications (UC) lies in its ability to provide the service that the customer wants, when he wants and regardless of the device being used. At the heart of the UC architecture, which spans different layers from application layer to network, comes the Quality of Service (QoS) framework that is essential to provide adequate service to different communication session's call participates. The heterogeneity of access networks and diversity of a UC session's participants make it necessary to classify incoming traffic based on its type and the QoS requirements of the participating parties. The existence of different traffic classifications for different existing access networks raises the question of how to classify incoming traffic when it belongs to a diverse set of access networks and devices. In this paper, we investigate different classification methods currently adopted in different access networks and industry standards. We introduce a traffic classification method that should satisfy the requirements of realtime traffic that traverses most of the existing access networks. The classification method has been tested using both First In First Out (FIFO) and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) schedulers to evaluate different classes performance in a shared environment with diverse QoS requirements. The results obtained showed the feasibility of our proposed classification.
Estrogen Receptor Synthesis and Turnover in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Measured by a Density Shift Technique* (1984)

The level of estrogen receptor (ER) is a major factor regulating cell sensitivity to estrogen. We have determined the rates of ER synthesis and turnover in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by incubating cells in medium supplemented with 13C15N2H-amino acids (dense amino acids) and monitoring the shift from "old-light" (preexisting) to "new-dense" (newly synthesized) receptors by velocity sedimentation on 0.4-M KCl, 5-20% sucrose gradients prepared in buffered deuterium oxide. Cytosol or unoccupied nuclear ER prepared from control cells grown in the presence of 12C14N1H-amino acids (normal amino acids) and labeled in vitro with [125I]iodoestradiol sediments as a single, normal density peak. When cells were incubated in medium supplemented with dense amino acids for various periods of time, the [125I]iodoestradiol-labeled receptor showed a progressive shift with time to a denser species; by 3 h, a more rapidly sedimenting shoulder was observed on the normal density peak; by 6 h, 40% of the receptor sedimented at the normal density rate, with 60% at a more rapid rate; by 8 h, the predominant peak (70%) was at the more dense position, and at 15 h, all of the sites sedimented as the denser form. Thus, the magnitude of the receptor peak of normal density as a function of time in dense medium indicates that the receptor in control cells has a half-life of 4.0-4.5 h. To determine whether estradiol or the antiestrogens nafoxidine (U11,100A; (1-(2-[p-(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)phenoxy] ethyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride) or CI628 affected the turnover rate of the receptor, measurements were performed on cells grown in the continuous presence of estradiol or antiestrogen (steady state conditions). Exposure of cells to 10 nM estradiol was found to increase the turnover rate of the nuclear receptor, while exposure to 200 nM nafoxidine or CI628 (alpha-(p-[2-(1-pyrrolidino)ethoxy]phenyl)4-methoxy-alpha'- nitrostillbene) did not substantially alter the turnover rate of the nuclear receptor. The half-lives of receptor were found to be 4.02 +/- 0.23 and 4.47 +/- 0.26 h for control unoccupied cytosol and nuclear receptors, 3.00 +/- 0.38 h for estradiol-occupied nuclear receptors, 4.90 +/- 0.66 h for CI628-occupied nuclear receptors, and 3.43 +/- 0.37 h for nafoxidine-occupied nuclear receptors. These results indicate that ER turns over rapidly, with a half-life of 3-5 h, in the presence or absence of estradiol or antiestrogen, and that receptor synthesis is also rapid, with the rate of appearance of newly synthesized receptor being 0.3-0.5 pmol/mg DNA . h. These rates provide the cell with the capacity for dynamic and rapid regulation of its ER levels.
Trends in CMOS image sensor technology and design (2003)

Three trends that promise to increase CMOS image sensor system performance are presented: (i) modifications of deep submicron CMOS processes to improve their imaging characteristics, (ii) developments that take advantage of these modified deep submicron processes, and (iii) high frame rate sensors and applications to still and video imaging, specifically to extending sensor dynamic range. Recent research on Digital Pixel Sensors and applications of its high frame rate to still and video imaging are discussed.
Stromal Interaction Molecules 1 and 2 Are Key Regulators of Autoreactive T Cell Activation in Murine Autoimmune Central Nervous System Inflammation (2009)

Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling in T lymphocytes is essential for a variety of functions, including the regulation of differentiation, gene transcription, and effector functions. A major Ca(2+) entry pathway in nonexcitable cells, including T cells, is store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), wherein depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores upon receptor stimulation causes subsequent influx of extracellular Ca(2+) across the plasma membrane. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1 is the Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which controls this process, whereas the other STIM isoform, STIM2, coregulates SOCE. Although the contribution of STIM molecules and SOCE to T lymphocyte function is well studied in vitro, their significance for immune processes in vivo has remained largely elusive. In this study, we studied T cell function in mice lacking STIM1 or STIM2 in a model of myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(35-55))-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found that STIM1 deficiency significantly impaired the generation of neuroantigen-specific T cell responses in vivo with reduced Th1/Th17 responses, resulting in complete protection from EAE. Mice lacking STIM2 developed EAE, but the disease course was ameliorated. This was associated with a reduced clinical peak of disease. Deficiency of STIM2 was associated with an overall reduced proliferative capacity of lymphocytes and a reduction of IFN-gamma/IL-17 production by neuroantigen-specific T cells. Neither STIM1 nor STIM2 deficiency altered the phenotype or function of APCs. These findings reveal a crucial role of STIM-dependent pathways for T cell function and activation under autoimmune inflammatory conditions, establishing them as attractive new molecular therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
Improved Survival with T Cell Clonotype Stability After Anti–CTLA-4 Treatment in Cancer Patients (2014)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade can promote antitumor T cell immunity and clinical responses. The mechanism by which anti-CTLA-4 antibodies induces antitumor responses is controversial. To determine the effects of CTLA-4 blockade on the T cell repertoire, we used next-generation deep sequencing to measure the frequency of individual rearranged T cell receptor β (TCRβ) genes, thereby characterizing the diversity of rearrangements, known as T cell clonotypes. CTLA-4 blockade in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and metastatic melanoma resulted in both expansion and loss of T cell clonotypes, consistent with a global turnover of the T cell repertoire. Overall, this treatment increased TCR diversity as reflected in the number of unique TCR clonotypes. The repertoire of clonotypes continued to evolve over subsequent months of treatment. Whereas the number of clonotypes that increased with treatment was not associated with clinical outcome, improved overall survival was associated with maintenance of high-frequency clones at baseline. In contrast, the highest-frequency clonotypes fell with treatment in patients with short overall survival. Stably maintained clonotypes included T cells having high-avidity TCR such as virus-reactive T cells. Together, these results suggest that CTLA-4 blockade induces T cell repertoire evolution and diversification. Moreover, improved clinical outcomes are associated with less clonotype loss, consistent with the maintenance of high-frequency TCR clonotypes during treatment. These clones may represent the presence of preexisting high-avidity T cells that may be relevant in the antitumor response.
Human umbilical cord blood cells in infarcted rats (2010)

Therapy with bone marrow-derived cells has been used in ischemic patients with reported success. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of fresh and frozen human umbilical cord blood cells (hUCB) in Wistar rats submitted to permanent occlusion of the left coronary artery. Three hours after myocardial infarction, 2 x 10(7) hUCB cells or vehicle were administered by intramyocardial injection. The animals were divided into five groups: control (N = 10), sham operated (N = 10), infarcted that received vehicle (N = 9), infarcted treated with cryopreserved hUCB (N = 7), and infarcted treated with fresh hUCB (N = 5). Cardiac function was evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram (ECHO) before cell therapy, and by ECG, ECHO, cardiopulmonary test, and left ventricular pressure measurements 3 weeks later. After 3 weeks, both groups treated with hUCB still had Q wave present in L1, âQRS >90 degrees and reduced shortening fraction (less than 50%). In addition, cardiac indexes of left ventricular contractility and relaxation were 5484 +/- 875 and -4032 +/- 643 mmHg (cryopreserved hUCB) and 4585 +/- 955 and -2862 +/- 590 mmHg (fresh hUCB), respectively. These values were not statistically different from those of saline-treated animals. Cardiopulmonary exercise test profile was typical of infarcted hearts; exercise time was about 14 min and maximal VO2 was 24.77 +/- 5.00 mL.kg-1.min-1. These data show that hUCB therapy did not improve the cardiac function of infarcted animals or prevent cardiac remodeling.
An augmented reality system to guide radio-frequency tumour ablation (2005)

Radio-frequency ablation is a difficult operative task that requires a precise needle positioning in the centre of the pathology. This article presents an augmented reality system for hepatic therapy guidance that superimposes in real-time 3D reconstructions (from CT acquisition) and a virtual model of the needle on external views of a patient. The superimposition of reconstructed models is performed with a 3D/2D registration based on radio-opaque markers stuck on to the patient's skin. The characteristics of the problem (accuracy, robustness and time processing) led us to develop automatic procedures to extract and match the markers and to track the needle in real time. Experimental studies confirmed that our algorithms are robust and reliable. Preliminary experiments conducted on a human abdomen phantom showed that our system is highly accurate (needle positioning error within 3 mm) and enables the surgeon to reach a target in less than 1 minute on average. Our next step will be to perform an in vivo evaluation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia. (1988)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1988.6.2.194 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 3422259 Chromosome abnormalities in leukemia. J D RowleyxJ D RowleySearch for articles by this author Show More Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1988.6.2.194 First Page PDF © 1988 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Molecular heterogeneity of e antigen polypeptides in sera from carriers of hepatitis B virus (1991)

Hepatitis B e Ag (HBeAg) was isolated from pooled sera of carriers, without abnormalities in liver function, by affinity column chromatography with mAb against HBeAg. HBeAg polypeptide with an estimated molecular size of 20,000 Da (p20e) was detected, in addition to regular HBeAg polypeptides (p17e/p18e). p20e, as well as p17e/p18e, did not bind with mAb against the carboxyl-terminal domain of the C-gene product. p20e disclosed an N-terminal sequence of MQLFHLXLII- (X unknown), whereas p17e had that of SKLXLGXLXGMDIDPXKEFG- (X's unknown). By comparing them with the amino acid sequence encoded by the precore region and C gene of hepatitis B virus DNA, p20e was deduced to possess amino acids 1 to 19 of the precore-region product at the N-terminus, which contains signal sequence and usually removed before the secretion of HBeAg. p17e had amino acids 20 to 29 of the precore-region product that continued to the C-gene product. Inasmuch as p20e was invariably detected in HBeAg preparations from carriers without evidence for liver disease, it would not have been released into the circulation from destructed hepatocytes. HBeAg polypeptide bearing an uncleaved signal sequence would help in further understanding the mechanism of HBeAg secretion.
Promoter hypomethylation and reactivation ofMAGE-A1andMAGE-A3genes in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues (2006)

The promoter hypomethylation of MAGE genes up-regulates its expression in colorectal carcinomas as well as in gastric cancers and might play a significant role in the development and progression of human colorectal carcinomas.
sn-1,2-diacylglycerol choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CPT1 and EPT1 genes are structural genes encoding distinct sn-1,2-diacylglycerol choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases. A haploid cpt1 ept1 double null mutant lacked detectable choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity but was viable for growth, establishing that these enzymes are nonessential. The activities of the CPT1 and EPT1 gene products were independently studied in membranes prepared from strains mutant in the cognate locus using mixed micellar assays. Both enzymes absolutely required phospholipid cofactors; half-maximal activation was observed at low mole fractions, suggesting that a small number of phospholipid molecules are required. The activities of the CPT1 and EPT1 gene products were compared with respect to dioleoylglycerol dependence, CDP-aminoalcohol specificity, phospholipid activation, and inhibition by CMP. The EPT1 gene product utilized CDP-ethanolamine, -monomethylethanolamine, -dimethylethanolamine, and -choline to significant extents, while the CPT1 gene product manifested relative specificity for CDP-choline and -dimethylethanolamine. The CPT1 and EPT1 gene products exhibited differing properties with respect to phospholipid activation, but this difference was dependent on the CDP-aminoalcohol substrate. In contrast, the two enzymes could be distinguished on the basis of their dioleoylglycerol dependencies, activation by Mg2+, and CMP inhibition profiles regardless of the CDP-aminoalcohol substrate employed. These studies provide the first definitive kinetic properties of individual choline- and ethanolaminephosphotransferases.
Assembly of the Working Draft of the Human Genome with GigAssembler (2001)

The data for the public working draft of the human genome contains roughly 400,000 initial sequence contigs in approximately 30,000 large insert clones. Many of these initial sequence contigs overlap. A program, GigAssembler, was built to merge them and to order and orient the resulting larger sequence contigs based on mRNA, paired plasmid ends, EST, BAC end pairs, and other information. This program produced the first publicly available assembly of the human genome, a working draft containing roughly 2.7 billion base pairs and covering an estimated 88% of the genome that has been used for several recent studies of the genome. Here we describe the algorithm used by GigAssembler.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Variation within and between Steady States for Continuous Growth of the HyperthermophileThermotoga Maritima (2005)

Maltose-limited, continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima at different temperatures and dilution rates (80 degrees C/0.25 h(-1), 80 degrees C/0.17 h(-1), and 85 degrees C/0.25 h(-1)) showed that transcriptome-wide variation in gene expression within mechanical steady states was minimal compared to that between steady states, supporting the efficacy of chemostat-based approaches for functional genomics studies.
Pancreatic polypeptide administration improves abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with chronic pancreatitis. (1996)

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with lowered plasma levels and a blunted nutrient-induced release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). To investigate the possible role of PP on glucose metabolism, we studied male patients with documented CP (n = 5) and obesity-matched control subjects (NL) (n = 6). Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and overall glucose disposal rates were determined by [3-3H]glucose infusion during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp during three separate admissions. Basal rates of HGP were higher in CP patients. In response to an infusion of insulin (60 pmol.m-2.min-1), HGP fell 91 +/- 5% in NL subjects but only 68 +/- 8% in CP subjects (P < 0.05). One month later, the clamp was repeated during the final 2 h of an 8-h infusion of bovine PP (2 pmol.kg-1.min-1). HGP before the insulin infusion and its subsequent suppression (NL: 83 +/- 5%; CP: 86 +/- 15%) were nearly identical between groups. In follow-up studies 1 month after the PP infusion, HGP both basally and in response to insulin alone were similar to the first study. During oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed 18 h after the PP infusion, subjects with normal (n = 7) baseline OGTT responses showed no effect. All patients with diabetic (n = 3) or nondiagnostic (n = 1) OGTT responses, however, demonstrated lowered mean plasma glucose levels (approximately -2.3 mmol/L; range: -0.6 to -7.2 mmol/L). OGTTs repeated 1 month after the PP treatment showed a return to pretreatment responses. We conclude that chronic pancreatitis accompanied by PP deficiency is associated with partial hepatic resistance both in the basal state and in response to hyperinsulinemia. This impairment is reversed after iv PP administration. PP deficiency may therefore play a role in the development of pancreatogenic diabetes caused by pancreatic injury.