gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOSCAP and MOSFET characteristics using ZrO/sub 2/ gate dielectric deposited directly on Si (2003)

MOSCAP and MOSFET characteristics using ZrO/sub 2/ gate dielectric deposited directly on Si have been investigated. Thin equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), low leakage, negligible frequency dispersion, interface density less than 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/, small hysteresis, excellent reliability characteristics have been demonstrated. The ZrO/sub 2/ film has been shown to be amorphous. A thin interfacial Zr-silicate layer (k>8) exists and is beneficial in maintaining good interfacial quality. This Zr-silicate layer grows after annealing and can be minimized through process optimization. Well-behaved p-channel MOS transistor characteristics with a subthreshold swing of 80 mV/decade have also been achieved.
[Expression and significance of MCM2, Ki-67 and Rb protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas]. (2012)

Over expression of MCM2 and loss of Rb protein were related to the carcinogenesis and development of LSCC. The determination of MCM2 can be an index for estimating the level of malignancy and prognosis of LSCC.
A Microcomputer-monitored Mosquito Flight Activity System (1987)

A microcomputer data-acquisition interface for a mosquito acoustic actograph system is described. The actograph has 32 activity chambers, each with its own microphone and circuit board. Each recording chamber is connected to an Apple IIe microcomputer with peripheral units. The computer simultaneously monitors the flight activity of all the mosquitoes in the 32 chambers and determines an activity score, total number of flights, and the total flying time for each mosquito in each 30-min period of a day, Data collection is facilitated by a multifunction program that allows the activity of all 32 mosquitoes to be monitored throughout an experiment. The user may look back at any 30-min period recorded on the data disk file. At the conclusion of an experiment, the computer prints a log report of group averages, activity scores, number of flights, and flying time.
Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care (2015)

Adoptive T cell immunotherapy offers a promising strategy for specifically targeting and eliminating malignant gliomas. T cells can be engineered ex vivo to express chimeric antigen receptors specific for glioma antigens (CAR T cells). The expansion and function of adoptively transferred CAR T cells can be potentiated by the lymphodepletive and tumoricidal effects of standard of care chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We describe a method for generating CAR T cells targeting EGFRvIII, a glioma-specific antigen, and evaluating their efficacy when combined with a murine model of glioblastoma standard of care. T cells are engineered by transduction with a retroviral vector containing the anti-EGFRvIII CAR gene. Tumor-bearing animals are subjected to host conditioning by a course of temozolomide and whole brain irradiation at dose regimens designed to model clinical standard of care. CAR T cells are then delivered intravenously to primed hosts. This method can be used to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells in the context of standard of care.
Fast R-CNN (2015)

This paper proposes a Fast Region-based Convolutional Network method (Fast R-CNN) for object detection. Fast R-CNN builds on previous work to efficiently classify object proposals using deep convolutional networks. Compared to previous work, Fast R-CNN employs several innovations to improve training and testing speed while also increasing detection accuracy. Fast R-CNN trains the very deep VGG16 network 9x faster than R-CNN, is 213x faster at test-time, and achieves a higher mAP on PASCAL VOC 2012. Compared to SPPnet, Fast R-CNN trains VGG16 3x faster, tests 10x faster, and is more accurate. Fast R-CNN is implemented in Python and C++ (using Caffe) and is available under the open-source MIT License at https://github.com/rbgirshick/fast-rcnn.
Activation of the LMO2 oncogene through a somatically acquired neomorphic promoter in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2017)

Somatic mutations within noncoding genomic regions that aberrantly activate oncogenes have remained poorly characterized. Here we describe recurrent activating intronic mutations of <i>LMO2</i>, a prominent oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Heterozygous mutations were identified in PF-382 and DU.528 T-ALL cell lines in addition to 3.7% of pediatric (6 of 160) and 5.5% of adult (9 of 163) T-ALL patient samples. The majority of indels harbor putative de novo MYB, ETS1, or RUNX1 consensus binding sites. Analysis of 5'-capped RNA transcripts in mutant cell lines identified the usage of an intermediate promoter site, with consequential monoallelic <i>LMO2</i> overexpression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the mutant allele in PF-382 cells markedly downregulated <i>LMO2</i> expression, establishing clear causality between the mutation and oncogene dysregulation. Furthermore, the spectrum of CRISPR/Cas9-derived mutations provides important insights into the interconnected contributions of functional transcription factor binding. Finally, these mutations occur in the same intron as retroviral integration sites in gene therapy-induced T-ALL, suggesting that such events occur at preferential sites in the noncoding genome.
A New Method for the Preparation of 17(α)-Hydroxy-20-ketopregnanes (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Method for the Preparation of 17(α)-Hydroxy-20-ketopregnanesLewis H. SarettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 4, 1454–1458Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01184a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01184a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
T09-P-05 Design of Phase III pivotal trials of flibanserin in female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) (2008)

To present the design of three Phase III North American trials, which will assess the efficacy and safety profile of flibanserin, a novel centrally acting agent, in premenopausal women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). The Dahlia (511.70), Violet (511.71), and Daisy (511.75) studies are prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials, designed to assess the effects of flibanserin in premenopausal women with a primary diagnosis of generalized, acquired HSDD. Every study consists of a 4-week baseline period (no medication), 24-week double-blind treatment period, and 4-week follow-up period after discontinuation of study medication. Designs are identical except for the flibanserin doses tested: 25 mg bid/50 mg bid/50 mg qhs/placebo in Dahlia; 50 mg qhs/100 mg qhs/placebo in Violet; 25 mg bid/50 mg qhs uptitrated to 50 mg bid/50 mg qhs uptitrated to 100 mg qhs/placebo in Daisy. Co-primary endpoints are monthly sum of responses to a daily question on sexual desire measured by an electronic diary (e-Diary For HSDD Trials©; e-Diary), comparing 4-week baseline with weeks 21-24, and change in frequency of satisfying sexual events, measured by the e-Diary. Secondary endpoints include change in distress related to sexual desire. Prospective safety assessments include evaluation of menses and sex hormones adverse events. These trials are ongoing. Results will be presented in 2009. These North American Phase III trials will determine the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks’flibanserin treatment in premenopausal women with HSDD, and determine minimal effective and most tolerable dosages for this indication. Funding was provided by Boehringer Ingelheim.
Randomized Trial of Denosumab in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors for Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer (2008)

In women with nonmetastatic breast cancer and low bone mass who were receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy, twice-yearly administration of denosumab led to significant increases in BMD over 24 months at trabecular and cortical bone, with overall AE rates similar to those of placebo.
Computer Vision-Assisted Instant Alerts in 5G (2020)

This paper introduces an innovative model which incorporates vehicle On-Board Unit (OBU) data and roadside video information to provide instant alert messages to drivers. We apply computer vision techniques to perform real-time danger event detection and to identify specific surrounding vehicles that should be alerted. Different from traditional broadcast-based alerting, we propose to send these instant alert messages to the target vehicles by unicast and geocast. To do so, an accurate method is required to analyze the spatial relation of vehicles. Also, to confine our alert messages to only those target vehicles, we rely on roadside cameras and apply a sensor fusion technique that can link a video object with its communication MAC address. Through this innovative idea, we integrate computer vision with 5G networks and enable transmitting instant alerts to precise vehicles without interfering irrelevant vehicles. How to incorporate our system with 3GPP V2X by setting proper transmission parameters is also addressed. To validate our idea, we present four common road danger events and show how our model works. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work bringing computer vision to instant messaging.
The importance of sport and physical exercise in the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis (2001)

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder involving low bone mass and micro‐architectural deterioration of the bone tissue. Effective prevention of osteoporosis can primarily be expected from optimized nutrition and from increasing general physical exercise: “Food and exercise—equal attention to both is wise.” This article reviews the effects of sport and physical activity in the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis. The main aspects and conclusion are the following: (a) not duration, but rather frequency of exercise, combined with its intensity, seems to determine the level of the bone‐anabolic effect; (b) training stimuli should become effective at those skeletal sites where an increase in bone mass is desired; (c) considerable evidence supports the importance of activity, especially activity initiated before puberty, for the development of peak bone mass; (d) even raised physical activity in daily life without any specific training of a certain body region may have a positive effect on total skeletal mass; (e) both general and specific strength are of great importance to bone mass to individual skeletal sections and to the entire skeleton; (f) non‐specific variable strain with accordingly high peak strengths and various forces acting on the skeletal system are of enormous bone‐stimulating importance; (g) in older adults, high‐intensity resistance training, in contrast to traditional pharmacological and nutritional approaches for improving bone health, has the added benefit of influencing multiple risk factors for osteoporosis including improved strength and balance and increased muscle mass; (h) training adjustments of the bone in the sense of overcompensation can only be achieved if the “endocrine environment” and/or food‐dependent parameters are not changed pathologically, and training is carried out according to individual load tolerance under scientific training aspects; (i) in the periand postmenopausal period, an actual increase in bone mass might be achieved by the combination of exercise and hormone replacement therapy; (j) physical activity may be a particularly promising preventive measure for hip fractures.
Diversity of immunodominant 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Sequence and comparative analyses of the genes encoding TSA homologues from four antigenic variants. (1992)

There are several antigenic variants in Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and a type-specific antigen (TSA) of 56-kilodaltons located on the rickettsial surface is responsible for the variation. The primary structures of the protein in two variants, Gilliam and Karp, have been reported independently by us and Stover et al. by cloning and sequencing the corresponding genes (Ohashi, N., Nashimoto, H., Ikeda, H., and Tamura, A. (1990) Gene (Amst.) 91, 119-122; Stover, C. K., Marana, D. P., Carter, J. M., Roe, B. A., Mardis, E., and Oaks, E. V. (1990) Infect. Immun. 58, 2076-2084). In the present study, genes encoding the TSA homologues of the other four variants, Kato, Kawasaki, Kuroki, and Shimokoshi, which are all distinguishable serologically, were cloned and sequenced, and consequently, it became possible to compare the primary structures of the six antigenic variants. The sequence analyses revealed a complete open reading frame encoding 55,308-56,745-dalton proteins with 521-532 amino acids, in which a putative signal peptide consisting of 22 amino acids was recognized at the NH2-terminal end. Transcription of the gene is regulated by several tandem promoters. All TSA molecules have the characteristics of transmembrane proteins with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, and contain four variable domains with spans of 16-40 amino acids which are located in the hydrophilic regions in the molecule and show different amino acid sequences among the strains. Phylogenetic classification among the R. tsutsugamushi strains based on TSA homologues supports the antigenic relationships known in the closely and distantly related strains.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (1969)

The pyrophosphate (PPi) exchange reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase is identical with the polymerization reaction in its requirements for a template, strict specificity in base pairing, and a 3′-hydroxyl-terminated primer strand. However, in contrast to polymerization, appreciable exchange is obtained in the absence of a full complement of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Inhibition of synthesis by PPi as measured by the difference between PPi release and nucleotide incorporation from deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, can be accounted for by PPi exchange. The PPi exchange reaction appears to represent the removal by PPi of the newly incorporated nucleotide prior to its complete stabilization by the entry of the next triphosphate. The degradation of DNA by PPi (pyrophosphorolysis) appears to differ from the PPi exchange reaction in that it is inhibited by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, attains a steady state plateau, and has a lower pH optimum and a slower rate. Some of these differences may depend on the requirement that progressive pyrophosphorolysis places on progressive movement of the DNA chain relative to the enzyme. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of the PPi exchange reaction and to all polymerase functions in a model with a single active center for the enzyme.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in rabbits induced by administration of endotoxin or tissue factor: effect of anti-tissue factor antibodies and measurement of plasma extrinsic pathway inhibitor activity (1990)

Rabbits were given polyclonal anti-tissue factor (TF) immunoglobulin G (IgG) before an injection of endotoxin to test the hypothesis that TF triggers disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after endotoxin. The rabbits had been prepared with cortisone to develop DIC after one injection of endotoxin. Anti-TF IgG substantially reduced the falls in fibrinogen, factors V and VIII, and platelets noted in control rabbits given preimmune IgG before endotoxin. At autopsy 24 hours later, fibrin was present in glomerular capillaries of 4 of 5 control rabbits, but in none of 11 rabbits given anti-TF IgG. DIC was also induced in a second group of rabbits by the infusion, over 4 hours, of 1 microgram/kg of purified, reconstituted rabbit brain TF. This resulted in striking falls in plasma fibrinogen, factors V, and VIII that were diminished, but not prevented by prior treatment with anti-TF IgG. Circulating activated factor VII, induced by either TF infusion or endotoxin, could not be detected after DIC. Mean plasma extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI) activity did not fall significantly after endotoxin, and only to about 65% of the preinfusion after infusion of TF. Thus, DIC induced by both agents proceeded despite nearly normal plasma EPI levels. Because EPI neutralizes factor VIIa/TF in vitro only after a short lag period, the DIC that persisted for up to 6 hours after injection of endotoxin suggests that TF activity continued to be generated during this period on cells to which the circulating blood was exposed. All animals given endotoxin became ill with cyanosis, tachypnea, cold ears, and diarrhea, regardless of whether they had received anti-TF IgG to attenuate DIC. Infusion of TF caused some animals to die acutely with pulmonary arterial thromboses, but surviving animals did not appear ill. The findings support the hypothesis that exposure of blood to TF triggers DIC after endotoxin, but is not important for the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock.
Infection dynamics on scale-free networks (2001)

We discuss properties of infection processes on scale-free networks, relating them to the node-connectivity distribution that characterizes the network. Considering the epidemiologically important case of a disease that confers permanent immunity upon recovery, we derive analytic expressions for the final size of an epidemic in an infinite closed population and for the dependence of infection probability on an individual's degree of connectivity within the population. As in an earlier study [R. Pastor-Satorras and A. Vesipignani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3200 (2001); Phys. Rev. E. 63, 006117 (2001)] for an infection that did not confer immunity upon recovery, the epidemic process--in contrast with many traditional epidemiological models--does not exhibit threshold behavior, and we demonstrate that this is a consequence of the extreme heterogeneity in the connectivity distribution of a scale-free network. Finally, we discuss effects that arise from finite population sizes, showing that networks of finite size do exhibit threshold effects: infections cannot spread for arbitrarily low transmission probabilities.
1.7 kV/1.0 mΩcm2normally-off vertical GaN transistor on GaN substrate with regrown p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN semipolar gate structure (2016)

A normally-off vertical GaN-based transistor on a bulk GaN substrate with low specific on-state resistance of 1.0 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and high off-state breakdown voltage of 1.7 kV is presented. P-GaN/AlGaN/GaN triple layers are epitaxially regrown over V-shaped grooves formed over the drift layer. The channel utilizes so-called semi-polar face with reduced sheet carrier concentration at the AlGaN/GaN interface, which enables high threshold voltages of 2.5 V and stable switching operations. Note that formation of carbon-doped insulating GaN layer formed on p-GaN well layer underneath the channel suppresses the punch-through current at off-state between the source and drain, which enables good off-state characteristics. The fabricated high-current vertical transistor achieves successful fast switching at 400V/15A. These results indicate that the demonstrated vertical GaN transistor is very promising for future high power switching applications.
Optical SAR processor for space applications (2008)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems typically generate copious amounts of data in the form of complex values difficult to compress. Processing this data provides real-valued images that are easier to compress, however comprehensive processing capabilities are required. Optical processor architectures provide inherent parallel computing capabilities that could be used advantageously for SAR data processing. Onboard SAR image generation would provide local access to processed information paving the way for real-time decisions. This could also provide benefits to navigation strategy or automatic instruments orientation. Moreover, for interplanetary missions or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), onboard analysis of images could provide important feature identification clues and could help select the appropriate images to be transmitted to the ground (Earth). This would reduce the data throughput requirements and the related transmission bandwidth. This paper reviews the preliminary work performed for the analysis of SAR image generation using an optical processor and describes the set-up of an optical SAR processor prototype. Results of optical reconstruction of SAR signals acquired with a state-of-the-art SAR satellite are presented. Real-time processing capabilities and dynamic range calculations for a tracking optical processor architecture are also discussed.
Resonant diffractive structures integrating waveguide-gratings on optical fiber endfaces (2003)

Practical implementation of fiber-endface waveguide gratings entails thin-film deposition and diffraction grating fabrication. Homogeneous dielectric thin-film coatings deposited on fiber endfaces are commercially available for applications such as antireflection coatings or spectral filtering. However, fabrication of fiber-endface diffraction gratings has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported to date. In the work, diffraction gratings with submicron periods have been recorded by interference with an Ar/sup +/ laser (/spl lambda/ = 365 nm) in photoresist deposited on coated and uncoated endfaces of single-mode and multimode fibers.
Probing the Human B-Cell Repertoire with EBV: Polyreactive Antibodies and CD5+ B Lymphocytes (1989)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More