gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indium(III) and Gallium(III) Complexes of Bis(aminoethanethiol) Ligands with Different Denticities:  Stabilities, Molecular Modeling, and in Vivo Behavior (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionIndium(III) and Gallium(III) Complexes of Bis(aminoethanethiol) Ligands with Different Denticities: Stabilities, Molecular Modeling, and in Vivo BehaviorYizhen Sun, Carolyn J. Anderson, Tammy S. Pajeau, David E. Reichert, Robert D. Hancock, Ramunas J. Motekaitis, Arthur E. Martell, and Michael J. WelchCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 12, 2434Publication Date (Web):June 7, 1996Publication History Published online7 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960224lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960224lcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (32 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Minor N-linked Glycans on Antibodies Using Endo H Release and MALDI–Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Abstract A MALDI mass spectrometry method using Bruker Daltonic's LIFT technology for MS/MS analysis has been developed for profiling and characterizing low abundant N-glycans from recombinant immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. In this method, Endoglycosidase H (Endo H) released N-glycans are derivatized at their reducing end with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) and separated by normal phase chromatography. Endo H hydrolyses the bond between the two GlcNAc residues of the trimannosyl core of high mannose and hybrid N-linked glycans, leaving the core GlcNAc attached to the protein. High mannose and hybrid type N-glycans are released from the glycoprotein whereas the more abundant, complex biantennary type oligosaccharide structures are unaffected. Analysis of Endo H treated glycan moieties by MALDI mass spectrometry identified several minor species of high mannose and hybrid type glycans. Subsequent MALDI TOF MS/MS analysis of the resulting products yielded information about structural features of the high mannose and hybrid type glycans. This study involving Endo H treatment followed by MALDI mass spectrometry coupled with LIFT technology for MS/MS analysis offers a specific and sensitive technique for visualizing, and characterizing minor glycan species. Keywords: Endoglycosidase H (Endo H)high mannosehybrid type N-glycansMALDI-MS Acknowledgments We would like to thank John Valliere-Douglass, Gerd Kleemann, and Michael Treuheit for useful discussions and critical review of the manuscript. Notes Note. Sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid), ♦; Galactose (Gal), •; N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNac), ▪; and Mannose (Man), ○.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2005)

Systemic Lupus ErythematosusS ystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also called lupus, is an autoimmune disorder in which the body' s immune system (the cells in the body that fight infection) incorrectly attack the body' s own tissues and organs, leading to inflammation and damage.Lupus most commonly affects women of childbearing age but also occurs in children, adolescents, and men.The cause of lupus is unknown, but it has been associated with genetic, environmental, and infectious causes.The disorder may affect almost all organs in the body, with the kidney being most commonly involved.The disorder may be mild in some cases (for example, only involving the skin) and very severe in other cases (affecting multiple organs, including the brain).The disease course is characterized by flares (intervals of active disease) and remissions (intervals of inactive disease).The June 22/29, 2005, issue of JAMA includes an article that describes the available treatments for the kidney disease associated with lupus.
Some antiphospholipid antibodies recognize conformational epitopes shared by β2‐glycoprotein I and the homologous catalytic domains of several serine proteases (2007)

Taken together with the findings that some aCL bind to several serine proteases that participate in hemostasis and share homologous catalytic domains, these data demonstrate that some aCL in APS patients recognize one or more conformational epitopes shared by beta2GPI and the catalytic domains of disease-relevant serine proteases.
Kynurenic Acid as a Ligand for Orphan G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR35 (2006)

Local catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan is considered an important mechanism in regulating immunological and neurological responses. The kynurenine pathway is the main route for the non-protein metabolism of tryptophan. The intermediates of the kynurenine pathway are present at micromolar concentrations in blood and are regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Here we show that GPR35, a previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor, functions as a receptor for the kynurenine pathway intermediate kynurenic acid. Kynurenic acid elicits calcium mobilization and inositol phosphate production in a GPR35-dependent manner in the presence of G(qi/o) chimeric G proteins. Kynurenic acid stimulates [35S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) binding in GPR35-expressing cells, an effect abolished by pertussis toxin treatment. Kynurenic acid also induces the internalization of GPR35. Expression analysis indicates that GPR35 is predominantly detected in immune cells and the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we show that kynurenic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results suggest unexpected signaling functions for kynurenic acid through GPR35 activation.
Fungal Metabolite Gliotoxin Inhibits Assembly of the Human Respiratory Burst NADPH Oxidase (2004)

Reactive oxygen species are a critical weapon in the killing of Aspergillus fumigatus by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), as demonstrated by severe aspergillosis in chronic granulomatous disease. In the present study, A. fumigatus-produced mycotoxins (fumagillin, gliotoxin [GT], and helvolic acid) are examined for their effects on the NADPH oxidase activity in human PMN. Of these mycotoxins, only GT significantly and stoichiometrically inhibits phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated O2- generation, while the other two toxins are ineffective. The inhibition is dependent on the disulfide bridge of GT, which interferes with oxidase activation but not catalysis of the activated oxidase. Specifically, GT inhibits PMA-stimulated events: p47phox phosphorylation, its incorporation into the cytoskeleton, and the membrane translocation of p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox, which are crucial steps in the assembly of the active NADPH oxidase. Thus, damage to p47phox phosphorylation is likely a key to inhibiting NADPH oxidase activation. GT does not inhibit the membrane translocation of Rac2. The inhibition of p47phox phosphorylation is due to the defective membrane translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) betaII rather than an effect of GT on PKC betaII activity, suggesting a failure of PKC betaII to associate with the substrate, p47phox, on the membrane. These results suggest that A. fumigatus may confront PMN by inhibiting the assembly of the NADPH oxidase with its hyphal product, GT.
Epidermal Growth Factor Modulates Tyrosine Phosphorylation of p130Cas (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of Rat-1 cells expressing human EGF receptor results in the modification of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas), a novel signaling molecule residing in focal adhesions. At low, mitogenic concentrations (<10 ng/ml), EGF treatment induced a rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas and promoted the formation of a Cas-adapter protein Crk complex in intact cells. The increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas paralleled an increase in the cellular content of actin stress fibers and occurred via a pathway that depended on the integrity of the cytoskeleton. Further, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase activity was found to be required for the EGF-stimulated Cas phosphorylation and actin polymerization. At high concentrations (>30 ng/ml), EGF treatment resulted in the tyrosine dephosphorylation of Cas in a time-dependent manner with a concomitant decrease in the length and number of actin stress fibers. Thus, Cas exhibits an unusual bell-shaped dose-response curve in response to EGF stimulation. These results demonstrate a novel signaling role for EGF in inducing changes in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas and Cas-Crk complex formation and suggest that Cas could be a signaling component in EGF-mediated signal transduction.
Multiple Classes of Immune-Related Proteases Associated with the Cell Death Response in Pepper Plants (2013)

Proteases regulate a large number of biological processes in plants, such as metabolism, physiology, growth, and defense. In this study, we carried out virus-induced gene silencing assays with pepper cDNA clones to elucidate the biological roles of protease superfamilies. A total of 153 representative protease genes from pepper cDNA were selected and cloned into a Tobacco rattle virus-ligation independent cloning vector in a loss-of-function study. Silencing of 61 proteases resulted in altered phenotypes, such as the inhibition of shoot growth, abnormal leaf shape, leaf color change, and lethality. Furthermore, the silencing experiments revealed that multiple proteases play a role in cell death and immune response against avirulent and virulent pathogens. Among these 153 proteases, 34 modulated the hypersensitive cell death response caused by infection with an avirulent pathogen, and 16 proteases affected disease symptom development caused by a virulent pathogen. Specifically, we provide experimental evidence for the roles of multiple protease genes in plant development and immune defense following pathogen infection. With these results, we created a broad sketch of each protease function. This information will provide basic information for further understanding the roles of the protease superfamily in plant growth, development, and defense.
T cell receptor ligation induces the formation of dynamically regulated signaling assemblies (2002)

Tcell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation initiates tyrosine kinase activation, signaling complex assembly, and immune synapse formation. Here, we studied the kinetics and mechanics of signaling complex formation in live Jurkat leukemic T cells using signaling proteins fluorescently tagged with variants of enhanced GFP (EGFP). Within seconds of contacting coverslips coated with stimulatory antibodies, T cells developed small, dynamically regulated clusters which were enriched in the TCR, phosphotyrosine, ZAP-70, LAT, Grb2, Gads, and SLP-76, excluded the lipid raft marker enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-GPI, and were competent to induce calcium elevations. LAT, Grb2, and Gads were transiently associated with the TCR. Although ZAP-70-containing clusters persisted for more than 20 min, photobleaching studies revealed that ZAP-70 continuously dissociated from and returned to these complexes. Strikingly, SLP-76 translocated to a perinuclear structure after clustering with the TCR. Our results emphasize the dynamically changing composition of signaling complexes and indicate that these complexes can form within seconds of TCR engagement, in the absence of either lipid raft aggregation or the formation of a central TCR-rich cluster.
Impediments to the Development of Additional Vaccines: Vaccines Against Important Diseases That Will Not Be Available in the Next Decade (1989)

The availability of new biotechnologies has led to the prediction that new or improved vaccines can be developed for 27 diseases within the next decade. The reasons why such optimism cannot be extended to the availability of vaccines for many other infectious diseases are considered by reviewing the steps in vaccine development, from identification of the etiologic agent to construction of attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Impediments to development may exist or arise at any point in this pathway (e.g., multiplicity of serotypes, inability to cultivate the pathogen, multistage life cycles with multiple antigens, unpredictability of epidemics, inadequate knowledge of pathogenesis and immunity, fear of gene splicing, need for an adjuvant, and lack of profitability). Diseases for which vaccines are not likely to be available in the next decade include trachoma, onchocerciasis, pneumonia due to Legionella and to mycoplasmas, amebiasis and giardiasis, schistosomiasis, syphilis, chlamydial urethritis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and filariasis, and non-A, non-B hepatitis.
PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE: THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC FINANCIAL MARKETS (1993)

Information Systems Working Papers Series
Quantitative Assay for Mouse Atherosclerosis in the Aortic Root (2006)

The mouse has become the preferred species for genetic manipulation aimed at creating and studying models for human disease. Although mice are highly resistant to atherosclerosis, dietary induction and, more frequently, gene knockout and transgenic mice have been widely used to study factors that alter the susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Although there are several ways to assess atherosclerosis in mice, measurement of the aortic root lesion area is a commonly used, medium-throughput method that allows for histological examination of the lesions. Here, we provide the detailed methods for the quantitative analysis of mouse aortic root lesion area.
Dynamic characteristics of single-mode coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers (1984)

Semiconductor lasers capable of operating in a stable single-longitudinal mode are of current interest in view of their potential application in 1.55-μm optical communication systems. Recently several coupled-cavity schemes have been proposed and analyzed for this purpose.1-4 Mode selectivity arises from dispersive feedback, and the laser maintains a single mode with a good mode-suppression ratio even under high-speed modulation.
Measurement of dissociative states with the Clinician‐Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) (1998)

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for the measurement of present-state dissociative symptoms, the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Reported here are interrater reliability and internal consistency of the CADSS, validity as assessed by comparisons with other instruments for the assessment of dissociation, and sensitivity of the CADSS to discriminate patients with dissociative disorders from patients with other psychiatric disorders and healthy subjects. Initial analyses indicated good interrater reliability and construct validity for the CADSS. Scores on the CADSS discriminated patients with dissociative disorders from the other groups.
A Thymic Precursor to the NK T Cell Lineage (2002)

CD1d-restricted autoreactive natural killer (NK1.1+) T cells function as regulatory cells in various disease conditions. Using improved tetramer tracking methodology, we identified a NK1.1- thymic precursor and followed its differentiation and emigration to tissues by direct cell transfer and in situ cell labeling studies. A major lineage expansion occurred within the thymus after positive selection and before NK receptor expression. Surprisingly, cytokine analysis of the developmental intermediates between NK and NK+ stages showed a T helper cell TH2 to TH1 conversion, suggesting that the regulatory functions of NK T cells may be developmentally controlled. These findings characterize novel thymic and postthymic developmental pathways that expand autoreactive cells and differentiate them into regulatory cells.
Processing of the Amyloid Protein Precursor to Potentially Amyloidogenic Derivatives (1992)

The approximately 120-kilodalton amyloid beta protein precursor (beta APP) is processed into a complex set of 8- to 12-kilodalton carboxyl-terminal derivatives that includes potentially amyloidogenic forms with the approximately 4-kilodalton amyloid beta protein (beta AP) at or near their amino terminus. In order to determine if these derivatives are processed in a secretory pathway or by the endosomal-lysosomal system, (i) deletion mutants that produce the normal set of carboxyl-terminal derivatives and shortened secreted derivatives were analyzed and (ii) the effect of inhibitors of endosomal-lysosomal processing was examined. In the secretory pathway, cleavage of the beta APP occurs at a single site within the beta AP to generate one secreted derivative and one nonamyloidogenic carboxyl-terminal fragment, whereas, in the endosomal-lysosomal system, a complex set of carboxyl-terminal derivatives is produced that includes the potentially amyloidogenic forms.
Cigarette Smoke Induces an Unfolded Protein Response in the Human Lung (2007)

Cigarette smoking, which exposes the lung to high concentrations of reactive oxidant species (ROS) is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies indicate that ROS interfere with protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and elicit a compensatory response termed the "unfolded protein response" (UPR). The importance of the UPR lies in its ability to alter expression of a variety of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. The present study used comparative proteomic technology to test the hypothesis that chronic cigarette smoking induces a UPR in the human lung. Studies were performed on lung tissue samples obtained from three groups of human subjects: nonsmokers, chronic cigarette smokers, and ex-smokers. Proteomes of lung samples from chronic cigarette smokers demonstrated 26 differentially expressed proteins (20 were up-regulated, 5 were down-regulated, and 1 was detected only in the smoking group) compared with nonsmokers. Several UPR proteins were up-regulated in smokers compared with nonsmokers and ex-smokers, including the chaperones, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and calreticulin; a foldase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI); and enzymes involved in antioxidant defense. In cultured human airway epithelial cells, GRP78 and the UPR-regulated basic leucine zipper, transcription factors, ATF4 and Nrf2, which enhance expression of important anti-oxidant genes, increased rapidly (< 24 h) with cigarette smoke extract. These data indicate that cigarette smoke induces a UPR response in the human lung that is rapid in onset, concentration dependent, and at least partially reversible with smoking cessation. We speculate that activation of a UPR by cigarette smoke may protect the lung from oxidant injury and the development of COPD.
Genetics of adaptive radiation in Hawaiian and Cook Islands species of Tetramolopium (Asteraceae; Astereae). I. Nuclear RFLP marker diversity (1997)

Thirty-three nuclear RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) probes were used to study genetic diversity in Hawaiian and Cook Islands species of Tetramolopium for comparison with previous morphological and isozyme studies and to provide greater resolution of the events associated with adaptive radiation in the genus. Levels of RFLP diversity are greater than those reported for isozymes, yet are still low in comparison to continental species. Genetic differentiation is greatest among species in sections rather than among sections and is concordant with the hypothesis of phyletic sorting of initial variability as suggested for morphological traits. Hypothesized introgression between T. lepidotum and T. filiforme is supported, but the evidence suggests bidirectional gene flow. Systematic relationships derived from the data agree with hypotheses based on morphology in the placement of populations within their respective species and the recognition of three main lineages within Hawaii. Inclusion of the Cook Islands species, however, renders section Tetramolopium paraphyletic, contradicting morphological, ecological, and crossing evidence. Interpreting these results in light of evidence from previous studies, the genetic diversity and relationships seen among species and sections of Hawaiian and Cook Islands Tetramolopium reflect the recent and rapid evolution of this group, limited addition of new variability, and phyletic sorting.
Synthesis of some histidine analogs and their effect on the growth of a histidine-requiring mutant of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some histidine analogs and their effect on the growth of a histidine-requiring mutant of Leuconostoc mesenteroidesGordon E. TroutCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 12, 1259–1261Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00282a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (415 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New development of glycan arrays (2009)

The development of glycan arrays has enabled the high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate-protein interactions and contributed to significant advances in glycomics. A number of new array platforms that allow for qualitative and quantitative analysis of mono- and multivalent interactions on surfaces have been developed recently. Glycan arrays are not only a powerful tool for basic research, but also a promising technique for medical diagnosis, and detection of pathogens and cancers. These studies also have led to the design of efficient carbohydrate-based antimicrobial or anticancer vaccines.