gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-[4-(dimethylazaniumylidene)-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-ylsulfonyl] Azanide:  A New Sulfamoylating Agent. Structure and Reactivity toward Amines (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdditions & Corr...Additions & CorrectionsNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionN-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-[4-(dimethylazaniumylidene)-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-ylsulfonyl] Azanide: A New Sulfamoylating Agent. Structure and Reactivity toward AminesJean-Yves Winum, Loic Toupet, Véronique Barragan, Georges Dewynter, and Jean-Louis MonteroCite this: Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 18, 2939Publication Date (Web):July 26, 2001Publication History Published online26 July 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ol010155rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ol010155rcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views635Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amines,Chemical structure,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
THE MODERN VERSION OF ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (1995)

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a highly lethal complication of autodestructive inflammation. This syndrome originally referred to a single organ failure but is now considered a component, usually the first, of the multisystem organ failure syndrome (MOFS). Cytokines, neutrophils, and endothelial adherence molecules initiate the disease process, with cell injury caused by oxidants and proteases released from inflammatory cells. ARDS, if progressive, will result in pulmonary fibrosis. Improved ventilatory support techniques have not been shown to decrease mortality. Pharmacologic manipulation of the inflammatory response is a more promising method of controlling the disease process.
Development of baculovirus triple and quadruple expression vectors: co-expression of three or four bluetongue virus proteins and the synthesis of bluetongue virus-like particles in insect cells (1993)

Baculovirus multiple gene transfer vectors pAcAB3 and pAcAB4 have been developed to facilitate the insertion of three or four foreign genes respectively into the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) genome by a single co-transfection experiment. The pAcAB3 vector contains a polyhedrin promoter and two p10 promoters on either side of the polyhedrin promoter but in opposite orientations. The pAcAB4 vector has an additional polyhedrin promoter in opposite orientation to the first copy that is in juxtaposition to the first p10 promoter. Each of these derived vectors (pAcAB3, pAcAB4) have been used for the simultaneous expression of three or four bluetongue virus (BTV) genes respectively. When Spodoptera frugiperda cells were infected with the recombinant virus (AcBT-3/2/7/5) expressing the four major structural genes of BTV, double-capsid, virus-like particles consisting of VP2, VP3, VP5 and VP7 of BTV were assembled.
Idempotent Vector Design for Standard Assembly of Biobricks (2003)

Abstract : The lack of standardization in assembly techniques for DNA sequences forces each DNA assembly reaction to be both an experimental tool for addressing the current research topic, and an experiment in and of itself. One of our goals is to replace this ad hoc experimental design with a set of standard and reliable engineering mechanisms to remove much of the tedium and surprise during assembly of genetic components into larger systems. William Sellers, in a speech On a Uniform System of Screw Threads at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia on April 21, 1864, remarked that In this country, no organized attempt has as yet been made to establish any system, each manufacturer having adopted whatever his judgement may have dictated as best, or as most convenient for himself (Surowiecki 02). He argued forcefully and successfully for the standardization of pitch, diameter, and form of screw threads, providing the infrastructure which allowed the industrial revolution to take off. The machinists of the Franklin Institute built the lathes, drills, taps, and dies necessary to make the standard a success. We anticipate advantages similar to those which accompany the standardization of screw threads in mechanical design -- the widespread ability to interchange parts, to assemble sub-components, to outsource assembly to others, and to rely extensively on previously manufactured components. Here, we present a simple sequence and assembly standard as part of an experiment to see how far this idea of standardized interface technology can be applied. The key notion in the design of our strategy is that the transformations performed on component parts during the assembly reactions are idempotent in a structural sense. That is, each reaction leaves the key structural elements of the component the same. The output of any such transformation, therefore, is a component which can be used as the input to any subsequent manipulation.
BRCA1, BRCA2, and Rad51 operate in a common DNA damage response pathway. (1999)

The two major hereditary breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with early-onset breast and/or ovarian cancer and encode products that each interact with the product of the eukaryotic RecA homologue, hRad51. We have recently found that BRCA1 and BRCA2 coexist in a common biochemical complex. The two proteins also colocalize in subnuclear foci in somatic cells as well as on the axial elements of developing synaptonemal complexes in meiotic cells. Thus, BRCA1 and BRCA2 participate in a common DNA damage response pathway associated with the activation of homologous recombination and double-strand break repair. Dysfunction of this pathway may be a general phenomenon in the majority of cases of hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer. The BRCA1/BRCA2 complex may function in postreplicational repair processes activated during the DNA synthesis stage of the cell cycle.
An IL-2 mutein engineered to promote expansion of regulatory T cells arrests ongoing autoimmunity in mice (2020)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) controls the homeostasis and function of regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells, and defects in the IL-2 pathway contribute to multiple autoimmune diseases. Although recombinant IL-2 therapy has been efficacious in certain inflammatory conditions, the capacity for IL-2 to also activate inflammatory effector responses highlights the need for IL-2-based therapeutics with improved T<sub>reg</sub> cell specificity. From a panel of rationally designed murine IL-2 variants, we identified IL-2 muteins with reduced potency and enhanced T<sub>reg</sub> cell selectivity due to increased dependence on the IL-2 receptor component CD25. As an Fc-fused homodimer, the optimal Fc.IL-2 mutein induced selective T<sub>reg</sub> cell enrichment and reduced agonism of effector cells across a wide dose range. Furthermore, despite being a weaker agonist, overall T<sub>reg</sub> cell growth was greater and more sustained due to reduced receptor-mediated clearance of the Fc.IL-2 mutein compared with Fc-fused wild-type IL-2. Preferential T<sub>reg</sub> cell enrichment was also observed in the presence of activated pathogenic T cells in the pancreas of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, despite a loss of T<sub>reg</sub> cell selectivity in an IL-2R proximal response. These properties facilitated potent and extended resolution of NOD diabetes with infrequent dosing schedules.
Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: essential elements for activation of the luminescence genes (1997)

LuxR is required for cell density-dependent activation of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence (lux) genes. It has not been possible to study full-length LuxR in vitro, but a polypeptide containing the C-terminal transcriptional-activator domain of LuxR (LuxRdeltaN) has been purified, and its binding to lux regulatory DNA has been investigated. By itself, LuxRdeltaN interacts with a region of lux regulatory DNA that is upstream of the lux box, which is a 20-bp element that is required for LuxR activation of the luminescence operon. Individually, neither the purified LuxRdeltaN nor RNA polymerase binds to the lux box region, but together the two proteins bind in synergy to the lux box-luxI promoter region. We show that binding of LuxRdeltaN to the upstream region is not a prerequisite for its synergistic binding with RNA polymerase to the lux box and the luxI promoter region. We also show that LuxRdeltaN and RNA polymerase are both required and sufficient for transcriptional activation of the lux operon. This argues against the hypothesis that LuxR functions to alleviate repression of the lux operon by another cellular factor. Rather, our data support the view that LuxR functions as an accessory factor that enables RNA polymerase to bind to and initiate transcription from the promoter of the lux operon.
Quinones as the Redox Signal for the Arc Two-Component System of Bacteria (2001)

The Arc two-component signal transduction system mediates adaptive responses of Escherichia coli to changing respiratory conditions of growth. Under anaerobic conditions, the ArcB sensor kinase autophosphorylates and then transphosphorylates ArcA, a global transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of numerous operons involved in respiratory or fermentative metabolism. We show that oxidized forms of quinone electron carriers act as direct negative signals that inhibit autophosphorylation of ArcB during aerobiosis. Thus, the Arc signal transduction system provides a link between the electron transport chain and gene expression.
Interaction of metal particles with adsorbed dye molecules: absorption and luminescence (1980)

Absorption, luminescence, and excitation luminescence studies of dye molecules adsorbed onto ultrathin, variable-thickness silver films show strong coupling of the particle plasma resonances to the molecules. Luminescence from the dye is increased by excitation transfer from the silver particles for certain film thickness. Increased luminescence has also been observed from dyes on Au and Cu films.
Fitting parameterized three-dimensional models to images (1991)

Model-based recognition and motion tracking depend upon the ability to solve for projection and model parameters that will best fit a 3-D model to matching 2-D image features. The author extends current methods of parameter solving to handle objects with arbitrary curved surfaces and with any number of internal parameters representing articulation, variable dimensions, or surface deformations. Numerical stabilization methods are developed that take account of inherent inaccuracies in the image measurements and allow useful solutions to be determined even when there are fewer matches than unknown parameters. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is used to always ensure convergence of the solution. These techniques allow model-based vision to be used for a much wider class of problems than was possible with previous methods. Their application is demonstrated for tracking the motion of curved, parameterized objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tempol Moderately Extends Survival in a hSOD1G93A ALS Rat Model by Inhibiting Neuronal Cell Loss, Oxidative Damage and Levels of Non-Native hSOD1G93A Forms (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive dysfunction and death of motor neurons by mechanisms that remain unclear. Evidence indicates that oxidative mechanisms contribute to ALS pathology, but classical antioxidants have not performed well in clinical trials. Cyclic nitroxides are an alternative worth exploring because they are multifunctional antioxidants that display low toxicity in vivo. Here, we examine the effects of the cyclic nitroxide tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl) on ALS onset and progression in transgenic female rats over-expressing the mutant hSOD1(G93A) . Starting at 7 weeks of age, a high dose of tempol (155 mg/day/rat) in the rat´s drinking water had marginal effects on the disease onset but decelerated disease progression and extended survival by 9 days. In addition, tempol protected spinal cord tissues as monitored by the number of neuronal cells, and the reducing capability and levels of carbonylated proteins and non-native hSOD1 forms in spinal cord homogenates. Intraperitoneal tempol (26 mg/rat, 3 times/week) extended survival by 17 days. This group of rats, however, diverted to a decelerated disease progression. Therefore, it was inconclusive whether the higher protective effect of the lower i.p. dose was due to higher tempol bioavailability, decelerated disease development or both. Collectively, the results show that tempol moderately extends the survival of ALS rats while protecting their cellular and molecular structures against damage. Thus, the results provide proof that cyclic nitroxides are alternatives worth to be further tested in animal models of ALS.
Detection of Double-Stranded DNA by IR- and UV-MALDI Mass Spectrometry (1999)

Double-stranded DNA ranging from 9 kDa to over 500 kDa were desorbed and analyzed by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. IR-MALDI with glycerol as matrix yielded excellent results for larger double-stranded DNA by adjustment of the ionic strength through the addition of salts. Very little fragmentation and a routine sensitivity in the subpicomole range were observed in IR-MALDI when double-stranded analytes harboring 70 base pairs or more were probed. In the lower mass range (up to approximately 70 base pairs), UV-MALDI with 6-aza-2-thiothymine as matrix was the ionization method of choice because it allowed specific double-stranded complexes containing relatively few base pairs to be desorbed intactly. In this mode, an essentially quantitative detection of the double-stranded form was observed for a 70-mer. The UV-MALDI was accompanied by a significant fragmentation and a resulting reduced sensitivity and mass resolution. The methods described open MALDI-MS for the analysis of large DNA-DNA and DNA-protein complexes.
Expression of interleukin-8 gene in inflammatory bowel disease is related to the histological grade of active inflammation. (1994)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent cytokine for recruitment and activation of neutrophils. To visualize its distribution in the intestinal mucosa and to understand better its possible role in the induction and promotion of inflammatory bowel disease, expression of the IL-8 gene was analyzed in resected bowel segments of 14 patients with active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. In situ hybridization with IL-8 anti-sense RNA probes revealed strong and specific signals in the histologically affected mucosa. The number of cells expressing IL-8 gene correlated with the histological grade of active inflammation. In accordance with the characteristic histological signs of active disease, IL-8-expressing cells were diffusely distributed over the entire affected mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis, whereas in patients with Crohn's disease, IL-8-expressing cells showed a focal distribution pattern. Cells expressing IL-8 were mainly located at the base of ulcers, in inflammatory exudates on mucosal surfaces, in crypt abscesses, and at the border of fistulae. Analysis of semi-serial sections pointed to macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells as possible sources of this cytokine in active inflammatory bowel disease. We consistently failed to detect IL-8 messenger RNA in the mucosa of uninvolved bowel segments and in normal-appearing control mucosa of patients with colon cancer. In contrast, tissue specimens from two patients with acute appendicitis displayed IL-8-expressing cells in the mucosa. These results support the notion that IL-8 plays and important but nonspecific role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and that the production of IL-8 messenger RNA is restricted to areas with histological signs of inflammatory activity and mucosal destruction.
An All-Software Thread-Level Data Dependence Speculation System for Multiprocessors (2002)

We present a software approach to design a thread-level data dependence speculation system targeting multiprocessors. Highly-tuned checking codes are associated with loads and stores whose addresses cannot be disambiguated by parallel compilers and that can potentially cause dependence violations at run-time. Besides resolving many name and true data dependencies through dynamic renaming and forwarding, respectively, our method supports parallel commit operations. Performance results collected on an architectural simulator and validated on a commercial multi-processor show that the overhead can be reduced to less than ten instructions per speculative memory operation. Moreover, we demonstrate that a ten-fold speedup is possible on some of the difficult-to-parallelize loops in the Perfect Club benchmark suite on a 16-way multiprocessor.
Akt as a mediator of cell death (2003)

Protein kinase B/Akt possesses prosurvival and antiapoptotic activities and is involved in growth factor-mediated neuronal protection. In this study we establish Akt deactivation as a causal mediator of cell death. Akt deactivation occurs in multiple models of cell death including N-methyl-d-aspartate excitotoxicity, vascular stroke, and nitric oxide (NO)- and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-elicited death of HeLa, PC12, and Jurkat T cells. Akt deactivation characterizes both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death. Conditions rescuing cell death, such as treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or NO synthase inhibitors and preconditioning with sublethal concentrations of N-methyl-d-aspartate, restore Akt activity. Infection of neurons with adenovirus expressing constitutively active Akt prevents excitotoxicity, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors or infection with dominant negative Akt induce death of untreated neuronal cells.
Opioid and nicotine receptors affect growth regulation of human lung cancer cell lines. (1990)

Using specific ligands, we find that lung cancer cell lines of diverse histologic types express multiple, high-affinity (Kd = 10(-9)-10(-10) M) membrane receptors for mu, delta, and kappa opioid agonists and for nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin. These receptors are biologically active because cAMP levels decreased in lung cancer cells after opioid and nicotine application. Nicotine at concentrations (approximately 100 nM) found in the blood of smokers had no effect on in vitro lung cancer cell growth, whereas mu, delta, and kappa opioid agonists at low concentrations (1-100 nM) inhibited lung cancer growth in vitro. We also found that lung cancer cells expressed various combinations of immunoreactive opioid peptides (beta-endorphin, enkephalin, or dynorphin), suggesting the participation of opioids in a negative autocrine loop or tumor-suppressing system. Due to the almost universal exposure of patients with lung cancer to nicotine, we tested whether nicotine affected the response of lung cancer cell growth to opioids and found that nicotine at concentrations of 100-200 nM partially or totally reversed opioid-induced growth inhibition in 9/14 lung cancer cell lines. These in vitro results for lung cancer cells suggest that opioids could function as part of a "tumor suppressor" system and that nicotine can function to circumvent this system in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Expression and Clinical Significance of CD44v6,MMP-9 and VEGF in Gastric Carcinoma (2008)

Objective To investigate the expression of CD44V6,MMP-9 and VEGF in gastric carcinoma.Methods Sixty cases of gastric carcinoma were detected the expression of CD44V6,MMP-9 and VEGF using immunohistochemistry.Results In 60 cases,CD44v6,MMP-9 and VEGF positive rate were 60%,53.8% and 75%,respectively.The expression of CD44v6,MMP-9 and VEGF was significantly related with TNM staging,tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion The expression of CD44v6,MMP-9 and VEGF are closely correlated with the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
Structural Features Determining Flower-Promoting Activity of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (2014)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) have antagonistic roles in regulating the onset of flowering: FT activates and TFL1 represses flowering. Both encode small, closely related transcription cofactors of ∼175 amino acids. Previous studies identified a potential ligand binding residue as well as a divergent external loop as critical for the differences in activity of FT and TFL1, but the mechanisms for the differential action of FT and TFL1 remain unclear. Here, we took an unbiased approach to probe the importance of residues throughout FT protein, testing the effects of hundreds of mutations in vivo. FT is surprisingly robust to a wide range of mutations, even in highly conserved residues. However, specific mutations in at least four different residues are sufficient to convert FT into a complete TFL1 mimic, even when expressed from TFL1 regulatory sequences. Modeling the effects of these mutations on the surface charge of FT protein suggests that the affected residues regulate the docking of an unknown ligand. These residues do not seem to alter the interaction with FD or 14-3-3 proteins, known FT interactors. Potential candidates for differential mediators of FT and TFL1 activities belong to the TCP (for TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF) family of transcription factors.
Joint Load Considerations In Total Knee Replacement (1997)

Estimates of knee joint loadings were calculated for 12 normal subjects from kinematic and kinetic measures obtained during both level and downhill walking. The maximum tibiofemoral compressive force reached an average load of 3.9 times body-weight (BW) for level walking and 8 times BW for downhill walking, in each instance during the early stance phase. Muscle forces contributed 80% of the maximum bone-on-bone force during downhill walking and 70% during level walking whereas the ground reaction forces contributed only 20% and 30% respectively. Most total knee designs provide a tibiofemoral contact area of 100 to 300 mm2. The yield point of these polyethylene inlays will therefore be exceeded with each step during downhill walking. Future evaluation of total knee designs should be based on a tibiofemoral joint load of 3.5 times BW at 20 degrees knee flexion, 8 times BW at 40 degrees and 6 times BW at 60 degrees.