gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation of tracking resources (1977)

In many surveillance systems, it is required to track several prioritized targets with limited sensor resources. This paper employs mathematical programming and Kalman filtering to generate preferred sensor-to-target assignments in a generic surveillance context. The objective of most surveillance systems is to track with sufficient accuracy that appropriate decisions can be based on their output. It is assumed here that track accuracy priorities are a function of externally imposed criteria (range-to-go in an aircraft landing problem, for example). Then it is desired that the highest priority target be tracked with the greatest accuracy at any point in time. Thus, targets with the highest priorities must be tracked by those available sensors having the best accuracies. Clearly, multiple allocations are possible and attention must be directed toward efficient and tractable optimization techniques to select preferred sensor-threat assignments.
Evaluation of WO2017098421: GSK’s benzothiazine compounds as CD73 inhibitor filings (2017)

There are considerable interests in the development of novel small-molecule CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases, precancerous syndromes, and other diseases associated with CD73 activity. Areas covered: The application claims novel substituted benzothiadiazine derivatives as CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, precancerous syndromes, AIDS, autoimmune diseases, infections, atherosclerosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Many of the exemplified compounds have pIC50 values between 5 to 8.4 against CD73. Expert Opinion: These benzothiadiazine derivatives provide good leads for the discovery of potent CD73 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other diseases mediated by adenosine and its action on adenosine receptors.
Isolation and Characterization of a New Vitamin C Producing Enzyme (L-Gulono-γ-lactone Dehydrogenase) of Bacterial Origin (1995)

For the first time we found that the bacterial strain Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 4025 produced L-ascorbic acid from L-gulono-γ-lactone and therefore we isolated and purified the enzyme L-gulono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase catalyzing the oxidation reaction. G. oxydans DSM 4025 produced 8.57 and 13.9 mg of L-ascorbic acid per ml from 70.3 and 89.3 mg of L-gulono-γ-lactone per ml in the growing and resting cell systems, respectively. The enzyme was isolated from the soluble fraction of the cells of G. oxydans DSM 4025 by DEAE-cellulose, Q-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatographies. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 110, 000 and it consisted of three kinds of subunits of 61, 000, 32, 500, and 16, 5000. L-Gulono-γ-lactone was oxidized to L-ascorbic acid very rapidly in the presence of dyes, such as 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol or phenazine methosulfate, but oxygen was not available as an electron acceptor. The absorption spectrum of the reduced form of the native enzyme showed maxima at 416, 521, and 552 nm in the visible region, indicating the presence of cytochrome c. The enzyme isolated from G. oxydans DSM 4025 was entirely different from isofunctional enzymes of eucaryotic organisms.
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: efficacy and mechanism of action in colorectal carcinoma. (2000)

In antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, an enzyme conjugated to an antitumor antibody is given i.v. and localizes in the tumor. A prodrug is then given, which is converted to a cytotoxic drug selectively in the tumor. Ten patients with colorectal carcinoma expressing carcinoembryonic antigen received antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy with A5B7 F(ab')2 antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen conjugated to carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2). A galactosylated antibody directed against the active site of CPG2 (SB43-gal) was given to clear and inactivate circulating enzyme. A benzoic acid mustard-glutamate prodrug was given when plasma enzyme levels had fallen to a predetermined safe level, and this was converted by CPG2 in the tumor into a cytotoxic form. Enzyme levels derived from quantitative gamma camera imaging and from direct measurements in plasma and tumor biopsies showed that the median tumor:plasma ratio of enzyme exceeded 10000:1 at the time of prodrug administration. Enzyme concentrations in the tumor (median, 0.47 units g(-1)) were sufficient to generate cytotoxic levels of active drug. The concentration of prodrug needed for optimal conversion (Km) of 3 microM was achieved. Prodrug conversion to drug was shown by finding detectable levels of drug in plasma. There was evidence of tumor response; one patient had a partial response, and six patients had stable disease for a median of 4 months after previous tumor progression (one of these six had a tumor marker response). Manageable neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred. Conditions for effective antitumor therapy were met, and there was evidence of tumor response in colorectal cancer.
A Review of Current Concepts on the Evolution of the Human Foot (1982)

This paper reviews a number of recent advances in understanding the evolution of the human foot. The foot has gradually changed from the grasping and clinging organ of early Eocene and Miocene primate ancestors to the specialized weightbearing structure of modern man. Recent studies have indicated that postcranial remains commensurate with the requirements of bipedal locomotion may have been present as far back as 3 1/2 million years ago in the forerunners of modern man known as the australopithecines. Subsequent modifications appear to be refinements to increase the efficiency of weight transmission in habitual bipedalism.
A clinical and immunological study of Netherton's syndrome (1994)

Netherton's syndrome is a rare genodermatosis of unknown cause, which is classified as an ichthyosiform syndrome. A clinical and immunological study of seven patients with Netherton's syndrome illustrates the clinical spectrum of this disorder, the frequent association with atopy, and the absence of consistent immunological abnormalities. Failure to thrive in infancy was a feature in six of the seven patients, and was considered to be life-threatening in three. The skin disease evolved into ichthyosis linearis circumflexa in four of the seven, and the remaining three patients suffered from persistent or recurrent ichthyosiform erythroderma.
DEAE-dextran enhances electroporation of mammalian cells (1992)

Journal Article DEAE-dextran enhances electroporation of mammalian cells Get access George H. Gauss, George H. Gauss Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305-5324, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Lieber Michael R. Lieber * Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305-5324, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 24, 25 December 1992, Pages 6739–6740, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.24.6739 Published: 25 December 1992 Article history Received: 14 October 1992 Revision received: 12 November 1992 Accepted: 12 November 1992 Published: 25 December 1992
Catalytic synthesis of 3-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofurans from yne-enes promoted by photochemically activated metal–allenylidene LnRuCCCR2 complex (1998)

The ruthenium(II)–allenylidene salt [(p-cymene)(PCy3)ClRuCCCPh2]PF6 acts as an olefin metathesis catalyst precursor for the yne-ene transformation of the mixed propargylic allyl ethers HCC–CR2OCH2CHCH2 into 3-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofurans; initial photochemical irradiation efficiently promotes the catalytic activity.
A method for Chinese syllables recognition based upon sub-syllable hidden Markov model (2002)

All Chinese words are single syllables with C/V (Consonant/Vowel) structure. In this paper, a method for Chinese syllables recognition based upon the unique C/V structure of Chinese syllables is described. All the 1254 Chinese toned syllables (excluding some rare syllables) are decomposed into 155 sub-syllable units, 117 for consonants and 38 for vowels. In this way, the problem of performance degradation caused by insufficient training data is avoided, and the robustness of recognition is improved. Experimental results show that recognition rate is above 90% when applying this method to a real-time recognition system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
99mTc-Labeled MIBG Derivatives:  Novel 99mTc Complexes as Myocardial Imaging Agents for Sympathetic Neurons (1999)

Radioactive-iodine-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is currently being used as an in vivo imaging agent to evaluate neuroendocrine tumors as well as the myocardial sympathetic nervous system in patients with myocardial infarct and cardiomyopathy. It is generally accepted that MIBG is an analogue of norepinephrine and its uptake in the heart corresponds to the distribution of norepinephrine and the density of sympathetic neurons. A series of MIBG derivatives containing suitable chelating functional groups N2S2 for the formation of [TcvO]3+N2S2 complex was successfully synthesized, and the 99mTc-labeled complexes were prepared and tested in rats. One of the compounds, [99mTc]2, tested showed significant, albeit lower, heart uptakes post iv injection in rats (0.21% dose/g at 4 h) as compared to [125I]MIBG (1.7% dose/g at 4 h). The heart uptake of the 99mTc-labeled complex appears to be specific and can be reduced by co-injection with nonradioactive MIBG or by pretreatment with desipramine, a selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitor. Further evaluation of the in vitro uptake of [99mTc]2 in cultured neuroblastoma cells displayed consistently lower, but measurable uptake (approximately 10% of that for [125I]MIBG). These preliminary results suggested that the mechanisms of heart uptake of [99mTc]2 may be related to those for [125I]MIBG uptake. If suitable 99mTc-labeled MIBG derivatives can be further developed, the prevalent availability of 99mTc in nuclear medicine clinics will allow them to be readily available for widespread application.
Stability and inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV under clinical and laboratory environments (1986)

The stability of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) under environmental conditions encountered in a clinical or laboratory setting and its inactivation by commonly used chemical disinfectants were investigated. Under our experimental conditions utilizing a highly concentrated viral preparation, virus with an initial infectious titer of approximately 7 log<sub>10</sub>tissue culture infectious dose (TCID<sub>50</sub>) per milliliter can be recovered for more than a week from an aqueous environment held at room temperature (23 to 27 °C) or at 36 to 37 °C. Virus recovery is reduced at a rate of approximately 1 log<sub>10</sub>TCID<sub>50</sub>per 20 minutes when held at 54 to 56 °C. Dried and held at room temperature, HTLV-III/LAV retains infectivity for more than three days with a reduction of approximately 1 log<sub>10</sub>TCID<sub>50</sub>per nine hours. Viral infectivity is undetectable and reduced more than 7 log<sub>10</sub>TCID<sub>50</sub>within one minute with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 70% alcohol, or 0.5% nonidet-P40, and within ten minutes with 0.08% quaternary ammonium chloride or with a 1:1 mixture of acetone-alcohol. These results help provide a rational basis to prevent the accidental spread of HTLV-III/LAV in the laboratory or clinical setting. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1887-1891)
Landmarks (1992)

The common thread of the morphometric tactics in this book owes to their common rejection of the metaphor, otherwise universal in multivariate analysis, wherein dissimilarities between objects are called "distances" and are drawn as such on the page or the computer display. Underlying all linear multivariate techniques is one single geometric device, the modeling of summed-squared differences down the arbitrary list of "variables" of a study as ordinary (physical) distances in simulated physical space. Indeed, the findings of most linear multivariate strategies can be restated without error in the purely geometric language of vectors and angles. Variances are squared lengths, correlations are cosines, and so forth. In this root metaphor, measured variables are considered to specify perpendicular axes of a Euclidean space of however many dimensions. 'Distance" is computed by the ordinary extension of the Pythagorean theorem: The squared distance between cases having measured values X1, X2 …, Xkand Yl, Y2, …, Yk is (Xl –Yx)2 + … +(Xk – Yk)2, just as for real points on real paper (k = 2) or in real space (k = 3). In this circumstance, both variables and cases are described by orthonormal sets of vectors of "loadings" linked by one diagonal matrix of singular values. Distances between cases derive from the crossproducts of their loadings with respect to this diagonal matrix, and the covariances of the variables are the cross-products of their loadings with respect to the same matrix.
Tolerance to the anti-metastatic effect of lipopolysaccharide against liver metastasis in mice (1996)

We describe the involvement of endotoxin tolerance in the refractoriness of its anti-metastatic effect against murine syngeneic tumors. Three i.v. administrations of LPS at intervals of 4 days after tumor inoculation inhibited liver metastasis of L5178Y-ML25 cells, whereas 3 consecutive i.v. administrations of LPS showed only a slight suppressive effect. Multiple i.v. administrations of LPS, synthetic lipid A, its synthetic derivative DT-5461, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) BioParticles or Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) on days 1, 5 and 9 after tumor inoculation inhibited liver metastasis of T-lymphoma cells in normal mice. The anti-metastatic effects of LPS, synthetic lipid A or DT-5461 but not S. aureus BioParticles or SEB were diminished in mice injected with LPS at daily intervals for 7 days before tumor inoculation. Mice receiving 3 consecutive i.v. administrations of LPS at daily intervals exhibited suppression of LPS-induced production of endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumoricidal activity of macrophages, and natural-killer (NK) activity of splenocytes when compared with those of normal mice. Macrophages from mice receiving consecutive daily i.v. administrations of LPS for 3 days showed reduction of LPS-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins, including p42(mapk) /ERK2 when compared with that of the cells obtained from normal mice. These data suggest that the LPS-induced anergic state of monocytes/macrophages plays a crucial role in endotoxin tolerance with respect to the metastasis of T lymphoma in the liver.
<title>Problems of precise target location and camera orientation in digital close-range photogrammetry</title> (1993)

A close-range application for medical purposes uses video CCD cameras and a control field of small balls for camera calibration and orientation. The spherical shape enables robust detection as the image of ball must always be very similar to a circle. Partly occluded or shadowed control points can be detected and rejected. On the other hand this shape is sensitive to illumination effect which influences the point location procedures. Erroneously located points might not be detected during orientation, thus causing distortions of the restituted 3D object. This article investigates the effect which can occur and checks the robustness of various point locating methods by using simulated examples. Edge extraction and feature matching can deliver good results. Finally one method based on Forstner operator is presented.
Design and control of a DC collection grid for a wind farm (2009)

In this thesis, the internal DC collection grid for a wind farm is investigated regarding the design, losses and dynamic operation for both normal operating conditions and for different fault conditions. The main advantage for the DC collection grid is the considerably lower weight of the 1 kHz transformers in the DC/DC converters compared to the equivalent 50 Hz transformers. For a wind farm with 48 2.3 MW wind turbines, and a DC/DC converter in each turbine as well as a main DC/DC converter for the whole wind farm, the losses for the DC system are 3 % of the transferred power, which is similar to the losses of a corresponding AC collection grid. For the dynamic control of the wind farm, the DC/DC converters control the power flow in the wind farm and thereby also the voltage levels for the 1.5 kV DC link in the turbine as well as for the 32 kV DC collection bus. For the limited bandwidth resulting from the switching frequency 1 kHz and the maximum voltage deviations of 5 % for the DC voltages, the required capacitances are 152 mF for the DC link in the wind turbine and 16 mF for the DC bus, both giving a stored energy corresponding to 74 ms transferred rated power. In the case of a fault in the connecting main grid, the output power from the wind farm must be decreased. Here, assuming that the excess power is dissipated in each turbine, the detection of the fault as well as the disconnection and the reconnection of the wind farm are investigated. The requirements for the HVDC link to avoid over voltages during a grid fault are stated and it is also shown that the reconnection can be done within 14 ms, which is well within the time specified in existing grid codes. Further, the behavior of the system during internal faults for the DC bus is investigated. Methods for detecting and finding the location of the faults are determined, and it is shown that a faulted part can be disconnected and the non-faulted parts reconnected within 300 ms without using fully rated DC breakers.
Integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores (2004)

We report the design, fabrication, and demonstration of single-mode integrated optical waveguides with liquid cores. The principle of the device is based on antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides with hollow cores. We describe design principles for waveguide loss optimization down to 0.1∕cm. Using a fabrication process based on conventional silicon microfabrication and sacrificial core layers, waveguides of varying widths and lengths with volumes covering the pico- to nanoliter range were fabricated. We observe confined mode propagation, measure waveguide losses of 2.4∕cm, and demonstrate that the waveguides possess tailorable wavelength selectivity. The potential for highly integrated, sensitive devices based on these properties of the ARROW waveguides is discussed.
Archaebacteria Then … Archaes Now (Are There Really No Archaeal Pathogens?) (1999)

In 1977, Carl Woese and George Fox argued that although methanogens looked like bacteria, they had very different cell wall structures and unique methanogenesis-related coenzymes and RNase T1 digestion of methanogen 16S rRNAs generated oligonucleotides so different from those from bacterial 16S rRNAs and from eukaryotic 18S rRNAs that methanogens should be placed in a third phylogenetic urkingdom, the Archaebacteria (81). They conceded that “almost nothing is known regarding their molecular biology” but concluded that “there is no reason at present to consider methanogens as any closer to eubacteria than to the cytoplasmic component of the eukaryote.” This started a scientific debate that has continued with unabated vigor for over 20 years. In 1977, methanogens were the only Archaebacteria, and not many more were predicted (81), but by 1980 the archaebacterial urkingdom had already grown to include halophiles and thermoacidophiles, and the presence of an RNA polymerase with a complex subunit configuration similar to eukaryotic RNA polymerases had been added to the list of definitive archaebacterial features (29). The 16S rRNA sequence data were by then presented in the now familiar phylogenetic tree format, and the three urkingdoms were shown arising independently from a common, less complex ancestor designated the progenote. It was tempting to comment here on the past and present arguments for and against the urkingdom concept, the number of urkingdoms, the branching relationships in the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree, and the nature of the progenote, the universal and last common ancestors of all life (6, 9, 30, 32, 39, 49, 50, 54, 78, 81–83). But instead, from my perspective it seemed more appropriate to review how the revolutionary/heretical archaebacterial proposal has been investigated experimentally. What has been done, what were the driving forces for the research undertaken, what do we know now, what have complete archaeal genome sequences contributed, and what’s next?
In vivo measurements show tensile axial strain in the proximal lateral aspect of the human femur (1997)

Two conflicting theories exist concerning the stress pattern for the proximal lateral aspect of the human femur. According to the classic theory of Pauwels, a bending moment on the femur leads to compression medially and to tension laterally. The alternative theory is that muscle forces contribute to a moment-free loading of the femur, with both the medial and lateral cortices subjected to compression. To examine these theories, we measured the strain at the external surface of the proximal lateral aspect of the femur of two female patients undergoing surgery for "snapping hip syndrome." During the surgical procedure, a strain-gauge rosette was bonded to the lateral aspect of the femur and the cortical strains were monitored while the patient performed a series of activities. In both patients, principle tensile strain increased significantly during one-legged stance, walking, and stair climbing as compared with that during two-legged stance. During each loading situation, the principal tensile strain was aligned within 22 degrees to the longitudinal femoral axis. Dynamic strain measurements consistently revealed tensile axial strain at the lateral aspect of the femur during each activity. The present study supports the classic bending theory of Pauwels and demonstrates that the proximal lateral aspect of the femur is subjected to tension during the stance phase of gait.
Finding and reminding (1995)

This paper summarizes and synthesizes two independent studies of the ways users organize and find files on their computers. The first study (Barreau 1995) investigated information organization practices among users of DOS, Windows and OS/2. The second study (Nardi, Anderson and Erickson 1995), examined the finding and filing practices of Macintosh users. There were more similarities in the two studies than differences. Users in both studies (1) preferred location-based finding because of its crucial reminding function; (2) avoided elaborate filing schemes; (3) archived relatively little information; and (4) worked with three types of information: ephemeral, working and archived. A main difference between the study populations was that the Macintosh users used subdirectories to organize information and the DOS users did not.
Mobile file filtering (1997)

Mobile file systems has been required to provide mechanisms which reduce the impact of low bandwidth data links and intermittent connectivity on applications. To minimise the frequency of voluntary disconnections (caused by delays with file accesses which are unacceptable to the user), the limited bandwidths of wireless networks must be used to best effect. In this paper, we propose two user-level dynamic filtering mechanisms, inclusive and exclusive filters, which define an adaptive volume. Acting in concert, these filters aim to minimise communication costs associated with maintaining overall consistency of files shared between mobile and desktop users. We present and analyse the results of a simulation study of the effectiveness of our proposed adaptive volumes. 1 Introduction Truly ubiquitous computing requires that programs on mobile computers be able to process work continuously much as they do in a LAN/WAN environment. Appropriate file system support for mobile workers is esse...