gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human antibody response to Clostridium difficile toxin A in relation to clinical course of infection (1994)

This study investigated whether differences in fecal and serum antitoxin A antibody levels may account for the duration of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and the occurrence of relapses. By an enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, we tested 40 patients with CDAD including 25 patients without immunodeficiency and 15 patients receiving antineoplastic drugs. Two hundred eighty serum samples and 80 normal stool samples were investigated as controls. In nonimmunocompromised patients, serum immunoglobulin (IgG) and fecal IgA antitoxin A antibody titers were significantly higher in patients who suffered a single episode (n = 21) than in those with relapsing CDAD (n = 4) whose titers were at control levels. Of these 25 patients, eight suffered from diarrhea which lasted for more than 2 weeks. These patients had significantly lower serum- and feces-specific antibody levels than the others who presented symptoms of shorter duration. In cytostatic-treated patients, antitoxin A antibody levels were similar to controls, but relapses occurred in a single case. These data suggest an association between a defective humoral response to toxin A and a more severe form of C. difficile infection. They also indicate that other host-related factors control the severity of CDAD and remain to be elucidated.
Signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli (1982)

The amino acid sequence of the signal sequence of phoA was determined by DNA sequencing by using the dideoxy chain termination technique (Sanger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463-5467, 1977). The template used was single-stranded DNA obtained from M13 on f1 phage derivatives carrying phoA, constructed by in vitro recombination. The results confirm the sequence of the first five amino acids determined by Sarthy et al. (J. Bacteriol. 139:932-939, 1979) and extend the sequence in the same reading frame into the amino terminal region of the mature alkaline phosphatase (Bradshaw et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 78:3473-3477, 1981). As was predicted (Inouye and Beckwith, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:1440-1444, 1977), the signal sequence was highly hydrophobic. The alteration of DNA sequence was identified for a promoter mutation that results in the expression of phoA independent of the positive control gene phoB and in insensitivity to high phosphate.
Another pair of eyes in the room: do patients want a chaperone for intimate examinations? (2014)

Abstract of a paper that was presented at 2014 Primary Health Care Research Conference, Canberra, Australia, 23-25 July.
Towards the Development of Antitumor Vaccines: A Synthetic Conjugate of a Tumor-Associated MUC1 Glycopeptide Antigen and a Tetanus Toxin Epitope (2001)

Proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells, a prerequisite for the development of antitumor vaccines, was induced by 1, but not by its partial structures A and B. The conjugate 1 containing a tumor-associated Sialyl-T<sub>N</sub> -MUC-1 glycopeptide antigen A and a T-cell epitope B of tetanus toxin was synthesized by fragment condensation on a solid phase.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: from genetics to treatment (2010)

The clinical phenotype of 'HCM' results from mutations in sarcomeric proteins and subsequent activation of multiple cellular constituents including signal transducers. We advocate that HCM, despite its current recognition and management as a single disease entity, involves multiple partially independent mechanisms, despite similarity in the ensuing phenotype. To treat HCM effectively, it is necessary to delineate the underlying fundamental mechanisms that govern the pathogenesis of the phenotype and apply these principles to the treatment of each subset of clinically recognized HCM.
Purification and Characterization of a New NAD+-Dependent Enzyme, L-Tartrate Decarboxylase, from Pseudomonas sp. Group Ve-2 (1991)

A new enzyme, L-tartrate decarboxylase, was found in cells of Pseudomonas sp. group Ve-2. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme requires K+, Mg2+, and NAD+ for L-tartrate decarboxylation. The dependence of the enzymatic decarboxylation on NAD+ suggests that the decarboxylation involves redox reactions of the substrate. The enzyme catalyzes NAD(+)-linked oxidative decarboxylation of D-malate as well. The enzyme is composed of four subunits with identical molecular weight (Mr 40,000). The apparent Michaelis constants for L-tartrate and NAD+ are 1.1 mM, respectively. The cofactor requirements and the physical properties of the enzyme were similar to those of L-tartrate dehydrogenase-D-malate dehydrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, and tartrate dehydrogenase from P. putida.
Transgene Expression in Target-Defined Neuron Populations Mediated by Retrograde Infection with Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (2013)

Tools enabling the manipulation of well defined neuronal subpopulations are critical for probing complex neuronal networks. Cre recombinase (Cre) mouse driver lines in combination with the Cre-dependent expression of proteins using viral vectors--in particular, recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs)--have emerged as a widely used platform for achieving transgene expression in specified neural populations. However, the ability of rAAVs to further specify neuronal subsets on the basis of their anatomical connectivity has been reported as limited or inconsistent. Here, we systematically tested a variety of widely used neurotropic rAAVs for their ability to mediate retrograde gene transduction in the mouse brain. We tested pseudotyped rAAVs of several common serotypes (rAAV 2/1, 2/5, and 2/9) as well as constructs both with and without Cre-dependent expression switches. Many of the rAAVs tested--in particular, though not exclusively, Cre-dependent vectors--showed a robust capacity for retrograde infection and transgene expression. Retrograde expression was successful over distances as large as 6 mm and in multiple neuron types, including olfactory projection neurons, neocortical pyramidal cells projecting to distinct targets, and corticofugal and modulatory projection neurons. Retrograde infection using transgenes such as ChR2 allowed for optical control or optically assisted electrophysiological identification of neurons defined genetically as well as by their projection target. These results establish a widely accessible tool for achieving combinatorial specificity and stable, long-term transgene expression to isolate precisely defined neuron populations in the intact animal.
Saporin, a ribosome‐inactivating protein used to prepare immunotoxins, induces cell death via apoptosis (1996)

The plant toxin saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein which inhibits protein synthesis and growth of both normal and tumour cells. Its cytotoxic activity can be increased by coupling with antibodies recognizing cell surface antigens. In this work we performed experiments to test the hypothesis that saporin induces cell death via apoptosis. Exposure to saporin induced apoptosis in different cellular models, such as human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and neutrophils, in the Daudi B-cell line, and in the haemopoietic cell lines HL-60 and TF-1. This was indicated by: (a) the appearance of typical morphological features such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and blebbing of plasma membranes: (b) DNA degradation into oligonucleosomal fragments: (c) the appearance of apoptotic cells on DNA flow cytometry as a cell population with reduced DNA content (A0 region). The fraction of cells showing features of apoptosis ranged from 19 +/- 5% for TF-1 cells to 35 +/- 8% for neutrophils. In experiments with normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes or with Daudi cells, we compared the activity of native saporin with that of an immunotoxin hybrid molecule obtained by binding the toxin to two bispecific antibodies recognizing both saporin and the B lymphocyte-specific antigen CD22 (Sap/BsAb complexes). Saporin bound to the antibodies was 2-3 logs more effective than native saporin in inducing apoptosis, with maximal inhibitions being observed at concentrations of 10(-6) M for native saporin and 10(-9)-10(-8) M for the hybrid molecules. These findings indicate that treatment with saporin results in apoptosis of target cells and suggest that this may be relevant to the therapeutic use of saporin-containing immunotoxins. In fact, if used in vivo as an immunotoxin, its cytotoxic activity could be devoid of more extensive and non-specific tissue damaging effects as would be the case if saporin induced necrosis of target cells.
Efficacy of Selected Fumigant and Nonfumigant Nematicides to Control Meloidogyne javanica in Florida Tobacco (1983)

Four field trials were conducted over three years to compare the relative efficacy of nematicides, dosages, and application techniques for control of Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood in flue cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Trials were conducted in a Klej fine sand naturally infested with M. javanica. Chemicals utilized were 1,2-dichloropropane-1,3-dichloropropene (DD), ethylene dibromide (EDB), ethoprop, phenamiphos, fensulfothion, metalaxvl, aldicarb, and carbofuran. DD and EDB gave the best control of M. javanica and increased tobacco yield in most tests while carbofuran, metalaxyl, and aldicarb gave the poorest control. Effectiveness of ethoprop and phenamiphos varied among test years but was improved by utilizing high rates of these materials. The post-plant applications of ethoprop did not significantly increase tobacco yields when compared to similar preplant incorporated dosages. Melalaxyl alone or in combination with nematicides did not significantly increase nemat
Antibody-sensitive and antibody-resistant cell-to-cell spread by vaccinia virus: role of the A33R protein in antibody-resistant spread (2002)

The roles of vaccinia virus (VV) intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) and their associated proteins in virus spread were investigated. The plaques made by VV mutants lacking individual IEV- or EEV-specific proteins (vDeltaA33R, vDeltaA34R, vDeltaA36R, vDeltaA56R, vDeltaB5R, vDeltaF12L and vDeltaF13L) were compared in the presence of IMV- or EEV-neutralizing antibodies (Ab). Data presented show that for long-range spread, the comet-shaped plaques of VV were caused by the unidirectional spread of EEV probably by convection currents, and for cell-to-cell spread, VV uses a combination of Ab-resistant and Ab-sensitive pathways. Actin tails play a major role in the Ab-resistant pathway, but mutants such as vDeltaA34R and vDeltaA36R that do not make actin tails still spread from cell to cell in the presence of Ab. Most strikingly, the Ab-resistant pathway was abolished when the A33R gene was deleted. This effect was not due to alterations in the efficiency of neutralization of EEV made by this mutant, nor due to a deficiency in IMV wrapping to form IEV, which was indispensable for EEV formation by vDeltaA33R and vDeltaA34R. We suggest a role for A33R in promoting Ab-resistant cell-to-cell spread of virus. The roles of the different virus forms in the VV life-cycle are discussed.
Drug evaluation: dronedarone, a novel non-iodinated anti-arrhythmic agent. (2006)

sanofi-aventis (formerly Sanofi-Synthelabo) is developing the oral class III anti-arrhythmic agent dronedarone (Multaq) for the potential treatment and prevention of atrial fibrillation. In June 2005, sanofi-aventis submitted EU and US filings for atrial fibrillation. In October 2002, phase I trials for arrhythmia were reported to be ongoing in Japan.
Personalized query expansion for the web (2007)

The inherent ambiguity of short keyword queries demands for enhanced methods for Web retrieval. In this paper we propose to improve such Web queries by expanding them with terms collected from each user's Personal Information Repository, thus implicitly personalizing the search output. We introduce five broad techniques for generating the additional query keywords by analyzing user data at increasing granularity levels, ranging from term and compound level analysis up to global co-occurrence statistics, as well as to using external thesauri. Our extensive empirical analysis under four different scenarios shows some of these approaches to perform very well, especially on ambiguous queries, producing a very strong increase in the quality of the output rankings. Subsequently, we move this personalized search framework one step further and propose to make the expansion process adaptive to various features of each query. A separate set of experiments indicates the adaptive algorithms to bring an additional statistically significant improvement over the best static expansion approach.
Inhibition of the aspartic proteinase from HIV‐2 (1989)

Kinetic constants were determined for the interaction of the HIV-2 aspartic proteinase with a synthetic substrate and a number of inhibitors at several pH values. Acetyl-pepstatin was more effective towards HIV-2 proteinase than the renin inhibitor, H-261; this effect is exactly the opposite from that observed previously for the proteinase from the HIV-1 AIDS virus.
Drug-Induced Liver Disease (2002)

Drug-Induced Liver Disorders: Introduction and Overview Neil Kaplowitz The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Drug-Induced Liver Disease Paul B. Watkins Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defense, and Liver Injury Hartmut Jaeschke Hepatotoxicity Due to Mitochondrial Injury Dominique Pessayre, Abdellah Mansour, Bernard Fromenty, and Alain Berson Mechanisms of Cell Death and Relevance to Drug Hepatotoxicity Neil Kaplowitz The Role of Membrane Transport in Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Cholestasis Peter L.M. Jansen and Michael Muller Immunological Mechanism in Liver Injury Petra Obermayer-Straub and Michael Peter Manns Mechanistic Role of Acyl Glucuronides Chunze Li and Leslie Z. Benet Nonparenchymal Cells, Inflammatory Macrophages, and Hepatotoxicity Debra L. Laskin and Carol R. Gardner Roles of Cytokines and Growth Factors in Liver Regeneration, Repair, and Fibrosis after Liver Injury Rebecca Taub, Meena Bansal, and Wei Lei Clinicopathological Patterns of Drug-Induced Liver Disease Willis C. Maddrey Histopathology of Drug-Induced Liver Disease Gary C. Kanel Mechanisms of Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Disease Sidney D. Nelson and Sam A. Bruschi Acetaminophen: Pathology and Clinical Presentation of Hepatoxicity William A. Lee and George Ostapowicz Mechanisms Underlying the Hepatotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Urs A. Boelsterli Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Pathology and Clinical Presentation of Hepatotoxicity James H. Lewis Mechanism, Pathology, and Clinical Presentation of Hepatotoxicity Of Anesthetic Agents J. Gerald Kenna Anticonvulsant Agents J. Steven Leeder and Munir Pirmohamed Hepatotoxicity of Psychotropic Drugs and Drugs of Abuse Kia Saeian and K. Rajender Reddy Antibacterials and Antifungal Agents Jean Frederic Westphal and Jean Marie Brogard Antituberculous Agents-Induced Liver Disease Pramod Kumar Garg and Rakesh Kumar Tandon Hepatic Injury from Antiviral Agents Maurizio Bonacini, Stan Louie, and Kevin Weissman Hepatotoxicity of Cardiovascular and Antidiabetic Drugs Felix A. de la Iglesia, Jeffrey R. Haskins, and George Feuer Cancer Chemotherapy Laurie D. DeLeve Immunomodulating Agents and the Transplant Situation Mary F. Hebert, Shari L. Taylor, and Robert L. Carithers, Jr. Methotrexate Controversies Adrian Reuben Adverse Effects of Hormones and Hormone Antagonists on the Liver Muhammad Naeem and Steven Schenker Alternative Medicine, Vitamins, and Natural Hepatotoxins Georges-Philippe Pageaux and Dominique Larrey Occupational and Environmental Hepatotoxicity Keith G. Tolman Regulatory Perspectives John R. Senior Index
Combining Transcranial Electrical Stimulation With Electroencephalography (2012)

Although numerous studies have been performed using transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), our understanding of tES-induced effects on neural activity remains limited, especially regarding the effects on neural networks. The use of an approach, such as electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with tES, could allow for a more detailed understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in these observed changes. Co-registration of tES and EEG might provide high temporal resolution information regarding tES-induced modifications/modulations to cortical activity that corresponds to different stages of processing. This article aims at presenting new knowledge about this recent and innovative approach that can possibly provide information about the dynamics of human brain functions beyond what is possible by the use of either method alone.
Signal-to-Noise Ratios in Multiplex and Scanning Spectrometers (1964)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Neville J. Woolf, "Signal-to-Noise Ratios in Multiplex and Scanning Spectrometers," Appl. Opt. 3, 1195-1195 (1964) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Nucleolin and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C Proteins Specifically Interact with the 3′-Untranslated Region of Amyloid Protein Precursor mRNA (1995)

The central nervous system deposition by neurons and glia of beta A4 amyloid protein is an important contributing factor to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Amyloidogenic cells overexpress amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNAs suggesting a transcriptional or post-transcriptional defect may contribute to this process. We have previously shown that APP mRNAs display regulated stability which is dependent on a 29-base element within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). This domain specifically interacted with several cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins. We have purified these APP RNA-binding proteins from a human T-cell leukemia and demonstrate that five cytoplasmic proteins of 70, 48, 47, 39, and 38 kDa form the previously observed APP RNA protein complexes. Amino acid sequence analyses showed that the 70-, 48-, and 47-kDa proteins were fragments of nucleolin and that the 39- and 38-kDa proteins were heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) C protein. Northwestern and Western blot analyses of purified material further confirmed these data. Nucleolin protein is known to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm but hnRNP C has not been reported within the cytoplasm. This report of sequence specific, mRNA binding by nucleolin and hnRNP C suggests that these proteins participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of APP mRNA through 3'-UTR, site-specific interactions.
Seeded Emulsion Polymerization of Block Copolymer Core−Shell Nanoparticles with Controlled Particle Size and Molecular Weight Distribution Using Xanthate-Based RAFT Polymerization (2004)

The work described here has shown for the first time that well-defined core−shell nanostructures with controlled particle size and molecular weight distributions (in which the molecular weight distributions of both blocks are independently controlled using the same RAFT controlling agent) can be prepared in an aqueous environment. These types of nanoparticles can lead the way to more novel and interesting structures in applications for drug delivery, biosensors, and other devices. A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) seed was used to control the particle size distribution, in which styrene (STY) in the presence of the RAFT agent was polymerized under batch conditions to give polymer particles with an number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 7000 and polydispersity (PDI) of 2. Butyl acrylate (BA) was then polymerized under semibatch conditions into these particles to give an overall Mn of 20 000 and PDI close to 1.3 for the block copolymer, in which greater than 90% block purity was observed. The calculated PDI of the second block (PBA) was close to 1.4, which is lower than the theoretically determined value under batch conditions (PDI = 1.6). The results show that by slow monomer addition feed into the reactor the PDI can be reduced and that by using the advantage of “random coupling” between the two blocks the PDI of the final block copolymer is lower than either of the individual blocks.
Oligomeric States of the Detergent-solubilized Human Serum Paraoxonase (PON1) (2002)

Human plasma paraoxonase (HuPON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound enzyme exhibiting antiatherogenic properties. The molecular basis for the binding specificity of HuPON1 to HDL has not been established. Isolation of HuPON1 from HDL requires the use of detergents. We have determined the activity, dispersity, and oligomeric states of HuPON1 in solutions containing mild detergents using nondenaturing electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and cross-linking. HuPON1 was active whatever its oligomeric state. In nonmicellar solutions, HuPON1 was polydisperse. In contrast, HuPON1 exhibited apparent homogeneity in micellar solutions, except with CHAPS. The enzyme apparent hydrodynamic radius varied with the type of detergent and protein concentration. In C(12)E(8) micellar solutions, from sedimentation velocity, equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation, and radioactive detergent binding, HuPON1 was described as monomers and dimers in equilibrium. A decrease of the detergent concentration shifted this equilibrium toward the formation of dimers. About 100 detergent molecules were associated per monomer and dimer. The assembly of amphiphilic molecules, phospholipids in vivo, in sufficiently large aggregates could be a prerequisite for anchoring of HuPON1 and then allowing stabilization of the enzyme activity. Changes of HDL size and shape could strongly affect the binding affinity and stability of HuPON1 and result in reduced antioxidative capacity of the lipoprotein.
Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

Intensive diabetes therapy has long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Rotavirus Disease and Its Prevention in Infants and Children (1999)

Rotavirus disease causes immense morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In the United States, mortality is very rare, but the health care and societal costs of rotavirus-related morbidity exceed one billion dollars annually A new vaccine that prevents the illness recently was marketed in the United States. Economic issues surround national recommendations for its use. Economic, safety, and effectiveness issues will be resolved only with surveillance systems that document the effectiveness of immunization programs and their cost-effectiveness.