gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in pituitary prolactinoma pathogenesis through a Smad/estrogen receptor crosstalk (2003)

Pituitary tumor development involves clonal expansion stimulated by hormones and growth factorscytokines. Using mRNA differential display, we found that the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor noggin is down-regulated in prolactinomas from dopamine D2-receptor-deficient mice. BMP-4 is overexpressed in prolactinomas taken from dopamine D2-receptor-deficient female mice, but expression of the highly homologous BMP-2 does not differ in normal pituitary tissue and prolactinomas. BMP-4 is overexpressed in other prolactinoma models, including estradiol-induced rat prolactinomas and human prolactinomas, compared with normal tissue and other pituitary adenoma types (Western blot analysis of 48 tumors). BMP-4 stimulates, and noggin blocks, cell proliferation and the expression of c-Myc in human prolactinomas, whereas BMP-4 has no action in other human pituitary tumors. GH3 cells stably transfected with a dominant negative of Smad4 (Smad4dn; a BMP signal cotransducer) or noggin have reduced tumorigenicity in nude mice. Tumor growth recovered in vivo when the Smad4dn expression was lost, proving that BMP-4Smad4 are involved in tumor development in vivo. BMP-4 and estrogens act through overlapping intracellular signaling mechanisms on GH3 cell proliferation and c-myc expression: they had additive effects at low concentrations but not at saturating doses, and their action was inhibited by blocking either pathway with the reciprocal antagonist (i.e., BMP-4 with ICI 182780 or 17beta-estradiol with Smad4dn). Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that under BMP-4 stimulation Smad4 and Smad1 physically interact with the estrogen receptor. This previously undescribed prolactinoma pathogenesis mechanism may participate in tumorigenicity in other cells where estrogens and the type beta transforming growth factor family have important roles.
Optimization of the freezing process for hematopoietic progenitor cells: effect of precooling, initial dimethyl sulfoxide concentration, freezing program, and storage in vapor‐phase or liquid nitrogen on in vitro white blood cell quality (2014)

Based on these results, precooling is not necessary. Fifty percent D/P is preferred over 20% D/P. Slow-rate freezing is preferred over fast-rate freezing. For safety reasons storage in vapor-phase nitrogen is preferred over storage in liquid nitrogen. Additional testing using real HPCs might be necessary.
Synthesis of Isoxazolopyridobicyclooxacalix[4]arenes: A New Family of Heteracalixarene Systems (2008)

Abstract A new family of isoxazolopyridobicyclooxacalix[4]arenes was obtained by reaction of dichloroisoxazolopyridines with phloroglucinol. X‐ray crystallography and density functional calculations were used for their structural determination and evaluation of their chemical properties. Their role as metal chelators was studied by mass spectrometry. This new family of heteracalixarenes is of potential interest for host–guest interactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Identification of candidate genes affecting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol biosynthesis in Cannabis sativa (2009)

RNA isolated from the glands of a Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)-producing strain of Cannabis sativa was used to generate a cDNA library containing over 100 000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Sequencing of over 2000 clones from the library resulted in the identification of over 1000 unigenes. Candidate genes for almost every step in the biochemical pathways leading from primary metabolites to THCA were identified. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that many of the pathway genes are preferentially expressed in the glands. Hexanoyl-CoA, one of the metabolites required for THCA synthesis, could be made via either de novo fatty acids synthesis or via the breakdown of existing lipids. qPCR analysis supported the de novo pathway. Many of the ESTs encode transcription factors and two putative MYB genes were identified that were preferentially expressed in glands. Given the similarity of the Cannabis MYB genes to those in other species with known functions, these Cannabis MYBs may play roles in regulating gland development and THCA synthesis. Three candidates for the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene responsible for the first committed step in the pathway to THCA were characterized in more detail. One of these was identical to a previously reported chalcone synthase (CHS) and was found to have CHS activity. All three could use malonyl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA as substrates, including the CHS, but reaction conditions were not identified that allowed for the production of olivetolic acid (the proposed product of the PKS activity needed for THCA synthesis). One of the PKS candidates was highly and specifically expressed in glands (relative to whole leaves) and, on the basis of these expression data, it is proposed to be the most likely PKS responsible for olivetolic acid synthesis in Cannabis glands.
Characterization of Na+/H+‐antiporter gene closely related to the salt‐tolerance of yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (1995)

In order to clarify the relationship between salt-tolerance of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and the function of Na+/H(+)-antiporter, a gene was isolated from Z. rouxii which exhibited homology to the Na+/H(+)-antiporter gene (sod2) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This newly isolated gene (Z-SOD2) encoded a product of 791 amino acids, which was larger than the product encoded by its Sz. pombe homologue. The predicted amino-acid sequence of Z-Sod2p was highly homologous to that of the Sz. pombe protein, but included an extra-hydrophilic stretch in the C-terminal region. The expression of Z-SOD2 was constitutive and independent of NaCl-shock. Z-SOD2-disruptants of Z. rouxii did not grow in media supplemented with 3 M-NaCl, but grew well in the presence of 50% sorbitol, indicating that the function of Z-SOD2 was closely related to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii. Several genes are also compared and discussed in relation to the salt-tolerance of Z. rouxii.
Strategy for Pulsed Ionization Methods on a Sector Mass Spectrometer (1996)

A method to help facilitate efficient implementation of pulsed ionization methods on a double-focusing sector mass spectrometer is described here. This method involves the addition of an inductive detector between the electric and magnetic sectors. The inductive detector will allow a crude, but complete time-of-flight mass spectrum to be acquired with as little as a single laser shot, thereby avoiding the necessity of sequentially compiling limited mass ranges as has been done previously. Mass analysis by the complete sector instrument can be performed simultaneously with the time-of-flight analysis.
Stimulation of the chemotactic migration of human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta. (1987)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a potent chemoattractant in vitro for human dermal fibroblasts. Intact disulfide and perhaps the dimeric structure of TGF-beta is essential for its ability to stimulate chemotactic migration of fibroblasts, since reduction with 2-ME results in a marked loss of its potency as a chemoattractant. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) appears to be capable of modulating some effects of TGF-beta, it does not alter the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to TGF-beta. Specific polyvalent rabbit antibodies to homogeneously pure TGF-beta block its chemotactic activity but has no effect on the other chemoattractants tested (platelet-derived growth factor, fibronectin, and denatured type I collagen). Since TGF-beta is secreted by a variety of neoplastic and normal cells including platelets, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes, it may play a critical role in vivo in embryogenesis, host response to tumors, and the repair response that follows damage to tissues by immune and nonimmune reactions.
Paclitaxel enhances the effects of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody ImClone C225 in mice with metastatic human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (2000)

Previously we reported that when cells from the human transitional cell carcinoma cell line 253J B-V growing orthotopically within the bladder of athymic nude mice were treated with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody C225, angiogenesis was inhibited, resulting in regression of the primary tumor and inhibition of metastasis. In this study, we evaluated whether paclitaxel enhanced this therapeutic effect of C225. In vitro, the proliferation of 253J B-V cells was inhibited more by the combination of C225 and paclitaxel than with either agent alone. In vivo therapy with C225 and paclitaxel resulted in significantly greater regression of tumors compared with either agent alone. Median bladder tumor weight was 85 mg (range, 69-133 mg) compared with 168 mg (range, 72-288 mg) after C225 alone (P < 0.05), and 273 mg (range, 83-563 mg) after paclitaxel alone (P < 0.005). The incidence of spontaneous lymph node metastasis was also reduced by the combination of C225 with paclitaxel, although this result did not significantly differ from results after the use of C225 alone. Treatment with paclitaxel and C225 down-regulated the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, interleukin-8, and matrix metalloproteinase type 9 and inhibited tumor-induced neovascularity compared with untreated controls (P < 0.005). Moreover, the combination of C225 and paclitaxel enhanced apoptosis in tumor and endothelial cells compared with either agent alone (P < 0.005). These studies indicate that therapy with paclitaxel increases the ability of C225 to inhibit tumorigenicity and metastasis. This effect is mediated by inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis.
Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

A new approach was developed to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme at ultralow concentrations using a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The approach is based on the use of gold nanoparticles as a SERS material whereas 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP) is used as a substrate of ALP. The enzymatic hydrolysis of BCIP led to the formation of indigo dye derivatives, which were found to be highly SERS active. For the first time, we were able to detect ALP at a concentration of approximately 4 x 10(-15) M or at single-molecule levels when ALP was incubated with BCIP for 1 h in the Tris-HCl buffer. The same technique also was successfully employed to detect surface-immobilized avidin, and a detection limit of 10 ng/mL was achieved. This new technique allows the detection of both free and labeled ALP as a Raman probe in enzyme immunoassays, immunoblotting, and DNA hybridization assays at ultralow concentrations.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Late After Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a promising method for controlling ventricular tachycardia (VT) due to prior myocardial infarction. Limitations of mapping and ablation techniques have largely restricted its use to selected patients who have hemodynamically tolerated sustained monomorphic VT that allows catheter mapping. Multiple monomorphologies of VT, which are usually present, often complicate the ablation procedure and interpretation of ablation effects. Ablation is generally restricted to experienced centers and is usually reserved for patients who have failed other therapies. Despite these difficulties, successful ablation can be life-saving in patients with incessant VT and can markedly improve quality of life with frequent shocks from implantable defibrillators.
Micro villus patterning (MVP) technology for 256 Mb DRAM stack cell (2003)

Micro villus patterning (MVP) technology which delivers the maximized cell capacitance is discussed. The key feature of the MVP technology is the formation of a hemispherical grain (HSG) archipelago and its transference to the underlayered oxide. The HSG archipelago pattern is produced on the oxide layer, and, by using that pattern as an etch mask, the oxide archipelago pattern is again transferred to the storage poly for the formation of villus bars by anisotropic dry etch. After the etching process, the oxide etch mask pattern is stripped away by using oxide wet etchant, so that additional Fin undercut structure is achieved underneath the main body. The main body of the storage electrode can be formed by single deposition and etch process, so that the storage electrode structure is strong enough to maintain its physical stability in spite of the complication of its shape. A 256-Mb DRAM-cell size of 0.6 approximately 0.8 mu m/sup 2/ having more than 30 fF of cell capacitance with a stack structure, has been realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters in Peptide Synthesis (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters in Peptide SynthesisGeorge W. Anderson, Joan E. Zimmerman, and Francis M. CallahanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 19, 3039Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00902a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00902a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3693Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-heating and memory effects in RF power amplifiers explained through electro-thermal (2013)

Self-heating has already been proven to be one of the key sources to memory effects in RF power amplifiers (PAs). However, mechanisms behind the generation of memory effects, as caused by self-heating have not been well documented. On basis of transistor physical properties this paper proposes a simple electro-thermal model and shows how self-heating can generate different types of memory effects, such as bandwidth dependent intermodulation components and hysteresis loops. In addition, it is shown that self-heating can result in generation of new spectral components even in an otherwise linear PA. A time domain modeling framework is implemented to investigate memory effects generated by self-heating and simulation results are shown to agree with theoretical analysis.
Molecular Ontogeny of Donor-Derived Follicular Lymphomas Occurring after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (2011)

For the first time, we define the molecular ontogeny of follicular lymphoma during clonal evolution in vivo. By using ultrasensitive mutation detection, we mapped the time-course of somatic alterations after passage of a malignant ancestor by hematopoietic cell transplantation.
The flexible Triac-Brace for conservative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. An alternative treatment option? (2008)

The flexible Triac-Brace was developed to improve cosmetic appearance and wearing comfort. It was evaluated in this study with respect to primary curve correction in idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Twenty patients (15 girls, 5 boys, mean age: 12.5) with a diagnosis of IS were treated with the Triac-Brace. Lumbar curves showed an initial average Cobb angle of 26 degrees (SD = 9 degrees), thoracic curves of 25 degrees (SD = 7 degrees). After 6.2 weeks the primary curve correction was measured (Cobb). Further radiological follow-up was done every 6 months during the average wearing time of 15 months. Cosmesis and wearing comfort were assessed by a valid scoring system (Quality of Life Profile for Spine Deformities). We observed a primary correction of 41% in lumbar curves (n = 12) (significant, t-test), and 10% in thoracic curves (n = 17) (not significant, t-test). An increase in correction over time as reported by Veldhuizen et al was not seen. Curve progression was noted in five patients (average 12 degrees). The scores for cosmesis (4.2/5) and flexibility of the back (4.6/5) were high. Ninety percent of the patients reported a wearing time of 22-23 h. We do not recommend treatment of thoracic or double curves with the Triac-Brace. Larger studies are necessary to assess the effectiveness in lumbar curves. The improved wearing comfort is a potential advantage.
Natural Killer Cells Activity and Neuroimmunological Treatment of Cancer (2004)

We read with great interest the article by Krause et al. [(1)][1] . They report on the role played by activated natural killer cells in the treatment of colon and lung cancer patients. With respect to the above, we would like to inform readers of our experience with this issue.

In 1987, we found
Assessment of Language Skills in Rural Preschool Children (2000)

This study examined the extent to which linguistic variation in the English language might have been affecting the performance of 160 rural preschool children in Orangeburg, South Carolina, on four commonly used standardized tests. The children, ages 3-0 to 5-11 years, were administered the Patterned Elicitation Syntax Test, the Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language-Revised, the Test of Language Development-2 Primary, and the Test of Pragmatic Skills. Results revealed that when dialectal variations were not considered, the performance of children in this study differed from that of the normative population on tests that assessed grammatical morphemes.
Structural requirements for mucosal vascular addressin binding to its lymphocyte receptor α 4 β 7. Common themes among integrin-Ig family interactions (1996)

The mucosal vascular addressin, MAdCAM-1, is an Ig family adhesion receptor preferentially expressed by venular endothelial cells at sites of lymphocyte extravasation in mucosal lymphoid tissues and lamina propria. MAdCAM-1 binds the lymphocyte homing receptor for Peyer's patches, the integrin alpha 4 beta 7. We describe a point mutation within the first Ig domain of MAdCAM-1 that abolishes activation-independent alpha 4 beta 7 binding. This point mutation resides within an eight-amino acid motif with homology to sequences important for the integrin binding ability of the related vascular Ig family members, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. To understand the contributions of the individual MAdCAM-1 domains, chimeric exchanges with the beta 1 integrin ligand, ICAM-1, were made. The two N-terminal domains of MAdCAM-1 are sufficient to confer alpha 4 beta 7 binding comparable to that of native MAdCAM-1. A chimera containing only the N-terminal Ig domain (domain 1) of MAdCAM-1 can also bind (to a lesser extent) alpha 4 beta 7, but only after integrin (to a lesser extent) alpha 4 beta 7, but only after integrin activation. Conversely, the first domain of ICAM-1 appears sufficient to bind activated LFA-1. These data suggest that the first domain of MAdCAM-1 is sufficient for interaction with alpha 4 beta 7, but that sequences within the second domain support this interaction, either by providing additional contact points for integrin binding or by contributing to the conformation or presentation of the N-terminal domain. The second domain of MAdCAM-1 can also support activation-dependent LFA-1 binding to domain 1 of ICAM-1. The findings parallel studies of VCAM-1 binding to alpha 4 beta 1 and suggest that structural differences exist between vascular Ig-like ligands for alpha 4 vs beta 2 integrins.
Inhibition of Pyruvate Kinase M2 by Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Cellular Antioxidant Responses (2011)

Control of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations is critical for cancer cell survival. We show that, in human lung cancer cells, acute increases in intracellular concentrations of ROS caused inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) through oxidation of Cys(358). This inhibition of PKM2 is required to divert glucose flux into the pentose phosphate pathway and thereby generate sufficient reducing potential for detoxification of ROS. Lung cancer cells in which endogenous PKM2 was replaced with the Cys(358) to Ser(358) oxidation-resistant mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and impaired tumor formation in a xenograft model. Besides promoting metabolic changes required for proliferation, the regulatory properties of PKM2 may confer an additional advantage to cancer cells by allowing them to withstand oxidative stress.
Immunocytokines: a review of molecules in clinical development for cancer therapy (2013)

The concept of therapeutically enhancing the immune system's responsiveness to tumors is long standing. Several cytokines have been investigated in clinical trials for their therapeutic activity in cancer patients. However, substantial side effects and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties have been a major drawback hampering the administration of therapeutically relevant doses. The use of recombinant antibody-cytokine fusion proteins promises to significantly enhance the therapeutic index of cytokines by targeting them to the site of disease. This review aims to provide a concise and complete overview of the preclinical data and clinical results currently available for all immunocytokines having reached clinical development.
INFLUENCE OF MICROGRAVITY ON ROOT‐CAP REGENERATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF COLUMELLA CELLS IN ZEA MAYS (1987)

We launched imbibed seeds and seedlings of Zea mays into outer space aboard the space shuttle Columbia to determine the influence of microgravity on 1) root‐cap regeneration, and 2) the distribution of amyloplasts and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the putative statocytes (i.e., columella cells) of roots. Decapped roots grown on Earth completely regenerated their caps within 4.8 days after decapping, while those grown in microgravity did not regenerate caps. In Earth‐grown seedlings, the ER was localized primarily along the periphery of columella cells, and amyloplasts sedimented in response to gravity to the lower sides of the cells. Seeds germinated on Earth and subsequently launched into outer space had a distribution of ER in columella cells similar to that of Earth‐grown controls, but amyloplasts were distributed throughout the cells. Seeds germinated in outer space were characterized by the presence of spherical and elipsoidal masses of ER and randomly distributed amyloplasts in their columella cells. These results indicate that 1) gravity is necessary for regeneration of the root cap, 2) columella cells can maintain their characteristic distribution of ER in microgravity only if they are exposed previously to gravity, and 3) gravity is necessary to distribute the ER in columella cells of this cultivar of Z. mays.