gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic management in oncology practice. Part 1. Myeloid growth factors. (2003)

Hematopoietic growth factors have transformed the practice of oncology. The two major factors in clinical use are recombinant human (rh) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastin [Neupogen]) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim [Leukine]). These factors differ significantly in their role in hematopoiesis and the regulation of mature effector cell function. G-CSF regulates both basal and neutrophil production and increased production and release of neutrophils from the marrow in response to infection. GM-CSF mediates its effects on the neutrophil lineage through its effects on phagocytic accessory cells and its synergy with G-CSF, but it does not appear to have a role in basal hematopoiesis. Part 1 of this two-part series focuses on the use of the myeloid growth factors rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF to shorten the duration of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and thus prevent infection in cancer patients. In randomized trials, rhG-CSF has consistently decreased the duration of neutropenia during all cycles of chemotherapy and reduced the risk of infection by 50% or more. Trials of rhGM-CSF have not reported consistent results.
The CALO Meeting Assistant System (2010)

The CALO Meeting Assistant (MA) provides for distributed meeting capture, annotation, automatic transcription and semantic analysis of multiparty meetings, and is part of the larger CALO personal assistant system. This paper presents the CALO-MA architecture and its speech recognition and understanding components, which include real-time and offline speech transcription, dialog act segmentation and tagging, topic identification and segmentation, question-answer pair identification, action item recognition, decision extraction, and summarization.
Cellular calcium transport in renal epithelia: measurement, mechanisms, and regulation (1995)

The kidneys play a vital role in mineral homeostasis. In this review, the handling of calcium and the methods currently applied to measuring its intracellular concentration are discussed. The bulk of calcium absorption proceeds in proximal tubules, with smaller fractions recovered by thick ascending limbs, distal convoluted tubules, and connecting tubules. Hormonally regulated transcellular calcium absorption is essentially limited to distal convoluted and connecting tubules. At physiological concentrations, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D increase net calcium absorption. Calcium absorption by polarized epithelial cells is a two-step process wherein calcium enters the cell across apical plasma membranes and exits across basolateral membranes. Recent electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments demonstrate that apical entry is mediated by calcium channels, which are modestly calcium selective, sensitive to dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers, and exhibit a wide range of single-channel conductances. Cellular calcium efflux is mediated by Ca(2+)-ATPase and by Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Ca(2+)-ATPase activity is highest in segments that exhibit significant rates of active calcium absorption. Multiple plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms have been found in the kidney. Several renal Na+/Ca2+ exchange isoforms have been identified, and their role in effecting calcium efflux is under investigation.
Structure Elucidation of a Senescence Cross-Link from Human Extracellular Matrix (1989)

Isolation and structure elucidation of an acid-resistant fluorescent molecule from human extracellular matrix revealed the presence of an imidazo[4,5-b]pyridinium molecule comprising a lysine and an arginine residue cross-linked by a pentose. Structure confirmation was achieved in vitro by the nonenzymatic reaction of ribose with lysine and arginine residues. The cross-link, named pentosidine, could also be synthesized with isomers of ribose, arabinose, xylose, and lyxose as well as by incubating young human collagen with these sugars at 37 degrees C. Pentosidine was found in a variety of human tissues including plasma proteins and red blood cells. Its presence in cells grown in culture strongly suggests ribose or ribonucleotide metabolites as precursors. The unexpected discovery of pentose-mediated protein cross-linking raises new questions concerning the aging process.
What do we know about long laminar plasma jets? (2006)

Abstract Silent and stable long laminar plasma jets can be generated in a rather wide range of working parameters. The laminar flow state can be maintained even if considerable parameter fluctuations exist in the laminar plasma jet or if there is an impact of laterally injected particulate matter and its carrier gas. The attractive special features of laminar plasma jets include extremely low noise level, less entrainment of ambient air, much longer and adjustable high-temperature region length, and smaller axial gradient of plasma parameters. Modeling results show that the laminar plasma jet length increases with increasing jet inlet velocity or temperature and the effect of natural convection on laminar plasma jet characteristics can be ignored, consistent with experimental observations. The large difference between laminar and turbulent plasma jet characteristics is revealed to be due to their different laws of surrounding gas entrainment. Besides the promising applications of the laminar plasma jet to remelting and cladding strengthening of the metallic surface and to thermal barrier coating preparation, it is expected that the laminar plasma jet can become a rather ideal object for the basic studies of thermal plasma science owing to the nonexistence of the complexity caused by turbulence.
[Bridging long bone and joint defects with allogeneic vascularized transplants]. (1998)

Three patients with large osseous defects following trauma and infection received vascularized allogeneic femoral diaphyses and five patients vascularized allogeneic total knee joints. From the surgical aspect these transplantations are technically feasible. The remaining problems are of immunological nature; at least in patients with allogeneic synovial joints, lifelong immunosuppression seems to be currently unavoidable.
Significance of glutathione S-transferase-π as a tumor marker in patients with oral cancer (1992)

GST-pi is considered to be a useful aid for early diagnosis, predicting tumor extent, and determining parameters of treatment efficacy and prognosis for oral cancer.
Designing Small Molecules for Biodegradability (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesigning Small Molecules for BiodegradabilityR. S. Boethling, Elizabeth Sommer, and David DiFioreView Author Information U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 7406M, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 6, 2207–2227Publication Date (Web):May 27, 2007Publication History Received14 September 2006Published online27 May 2007Published inissue 1 June 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050952tCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views11063Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (511 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Biodegradation,Chemical structure,Lipids,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Radial gradient index intraocular lens: a theoretical model (2008)

Abstract A model for a gradient index intraocular lens (IOL) is presented. The distribution of the refractive index is Gaussian, varying radially in the equatorial plane and with distance from the optic axis in the sagittal plane. An algorithm for adjustment of the optimal gradient index distribution for individual parameters of a pseudophakic eye is also described. The performance, in terms of spherical aberration and resultant image quality that can be provided with the gradient index IOL, is compared with that provided by a commercially available IOL (Tecnis Z9000). Keywords: intraocular lens (IOL)quality of visiongradient index lensspherical aberration
Helenalin, an Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactone from Arnica, Selectively Inhibits Transcription Factor NF-κB (1997)

Alcoholic extracts prepared form Arnicae flos, the collective name for flowerheads from Arnica montana and A. chamissonis ssp. foliosa, are used therapeutically as anti-inflammatory remedies. The active ingredients mediating the pharmacological effect are mainly sesquiterpene lactones, such as helenalin, 11alpha,13-dihydrohelenalin, chamissonolid and their ester derivatives. While these compounds affect various cellular processes, current data do not fully explain how sesquiterpene lactones exert their anti-inflammatory effect. We show here that helenalin, and, to a much lesser degree, 11alpha,13-dihydrohelenalin and chamissonolid, inhibit activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. This difference in efficacy, which correlates with the compounds' anti-inflammatory potency in vivo, may be explained by differences in structure and conformation. NF-kappaB, which resides in an inactive, cytoplasmic complex in unstimulated cells, is activated by phosphorylation and degradation of its inhibitory subunit, IkappaB. Helenalin inhibits NF-kappaB activation in response to four different stimuli in T-cells, B-cells and epithelial cells and abrogates kappaB-driven gene expression. This inhibition is selective, as the activity of four other transcription factors, Oct-1, TBP, Sp1 and STAT 5 was not affected. We show that inhibition is not due to a direct modification of the active NF-kappaB heterodimer. Rather, helenalin modifies the NF-kappaB/IkappaB complex, preventing the release of IkappaB. These data suggest a molecular mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of sesquiterpene lactones, which differs from that of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), indomethacin and acetyl salicylic acid.
Purification and characterization of EpiD, a flavoprotein involved in the biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin (1992)

The plasmid-encoded epidermin biosynthesis gene, epiD, of Staphylococcus epidermidis Tü3298 was expressed in Escherichia coli by using both the malE fusion system and the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter system. EpiD was identified by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with anti-maltose-binding protein (MBP)-EpiD antiserum. EpiD and the MBP-EpiD fusion protein, which were mainly present in the soluble protein fraction, were purified from the respective E. coli clones. Purified EpiD showed the typical absorption spectrum of an oxidized flavoprotein with maxima at 274, 382, and 453 nm. The coenzyme released from EpiD by heat treatment was identified as flavin mononucleotide. S. epidermidis Tü3298/EMS11, containing a mutation within epiD, was unable to synthesize active epidermin. This mutated gene, epiD*, was cloned in E. coli and expressed as an MBP-EpiD* fusion protein. DNA sequencing of epiD* identified a point mutation that led to replacement of Gly-93 with Asp. Unlike MBP-EpiD, the fusion protein MBP-EpiD* could not bind flavin mononucleotide. We propose that EpiD catalyzes the removal of two reducing equivalents from the cysteine residue of the C-terminal meso-lanthionine to form a --C==C-- double bond and is therefore involved in formation of the unusual S-[(Z)-2-aminovinyl[-D-cysteine structure in epidermin.
The differential effect on two hybrid proteins of deletion mutations within the hydrophobic region of the Escherichia coli OmpA signal peptide. (1987)

Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was used to systematically shorten the hydrophobic region within the signal peptide of the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA.DNA encoding the wild type and mutant OmpA signal peptides were then fused in frame to DNA encoding the mature regions of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease A and TEM B-lactamase.The ability of these signal peptides to direct processing of the resulting hybrid proteins was dependent on both their length and the protein to which they were fused.Deletion of two or more residues progressively slowed processing of pro-OmpA-nuclease.By contrast, pro-OrnpA-fi-lactamase was less sensitive to the length of the hydrophobic region than to the nature of the deleted residue@).Deletion of an Ala residue tended to reduce processing efficiency of pro-OmpA-8-lactamase, while deletion of an Ile residue, together with the Ala residue, resulted in improvement.The loss of either 3 or 4 residues abolished processing of both hybrids.These data indicate that both the length as well as the identity of residues in the hydrophobic region are important.The relative importance of these two factors depends on the mature region of the protein being secreted.
RAFT Polymerization ofN-Vinylimidazolium Salts and Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers (2009)

The polymerizations of N-vinylimidazolium salts, 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (PVI-Br), 1-(6-ethoxycarbonylhexyl)-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (EHVI-Br), and 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-vinylimidazolium bromide (EtOEVI-Br), were performed by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via interchange of xanthate (MADIX) process. Two xanthate-type chain transfer agents (CTAs), O-ethyl-S-(1-phenylethyl) dithiocarbonate (CTA 1) and O-ethyl-S-(1-ethoxycarbonyl) ethyldithiocarbonate (CTA 2), proved efficient for obtaining poly(PVI-Br)s and (EHVI-Br)s with relatively low polydispersities (Mw/Mn < 1.4). Poly(EtOEVI-Br)s with moderate molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.5−1.6) were also obtained under the same conditions. Controlled character of the polymerization of PVI-Br was confirmed by the molecular weight controlled by the monomer/CTA molar ratio, a linear increase in the number-average molecular weight (Mn) with conversion, and the ability to extend the chain by a second addition of monomer. Polymerizations of the N-vinylimidazolium salts using the dithiocarbonate-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a macro-chain-transfer agent provided well-defined thermoresponsive ionic liquid block copolymers. Thermally induced phase separation behavior and assembled structures of the block copolymers were also studied in aqueous solution.
Über Triphenylphenoxyl: Mesomerie‐stabilisierte Sauerstoffradikale, II (1959)

Abstract Radikale vom Typ des 2.4.6‐Triphenyl‐phenoxyls (II) verhalten sich bei chemischen Reaktionen wesentlich anders als Radikale vom Typ des 2.4.6‐Tri‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyls (V). Während letztere Derivate des p ‐(und o ‐)Chinols liefern, sich also wie Kohlenstoff‐Radikale verhalten, reagieren erstere am Sauerstoff. Hierfür werden als Beispiele angeführt: eine eigenartige Umwandlung des roten Triphenylphenoxyls in ein blaues Radikal, die Umsetzung mit Triphenylmethan, die Reaktion mit Maleinsäure und Acetylendicarbonsäure zu Verbindungen einer bisher unbekannten Klasse von Peroxyphenylestern sowie die Reaktion mit α‐Naphthol zu einem Naphthohydrochinon‐halbäther und dessen Folgeprodukten. — Triphenylphenoxyl ist ein starkes Dehydrierungsmittel (Elektronen‐acceptor). Es löst metallisches Quecksilber unter Bildung des Quecksilber(I)‐phenolates. — Die Struktur des farblosen Dimeren des 2.4.6‐Triphenyl‐phenoxyls wird im Hinblick auf seine chemischen Umsetzungen erneut diskutiert.
Culture medium optimization and lipid profiling of Cylindrotheca, a lipid- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich pennate diatom and potential source of eicosapentaenoic acid (2012)

Abstract Cylindrotheca , an epipelic benthic pennate diatom, holds promise as a nutraceutical source and may be useful for aquaculture. Experiments were done on two Cylindrotheca species, Cylindrotheca fusiformis (UTEX 2084) and C. closterium , which was isolated from seawater collected offshore from Visakhapatnam, India. C. closterium was identified through microscopy and rDNA typing. Type and concentration of nutrient components in the culture medium that promoted best growth and highest lipid accumulation were identified. Lipid content was gravimetrically estimated. For relative comparison of the effects of different culture media on lipid content, we made estimations through rapid in situ screening method using Nile red staining and spectrofluori\xadmetry. The fatty acid profile of lipid was obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Nualgi, a commercially available micronutrient ready-mix with elements adsorbed as nanoparticles on a modified silica sol, was found to significantly boost growth in both Cylindrotheca species when used in lieu of a conventional micronutrient mix prepared from eight compounds. Among the three nitrogen sources tested – sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), urea, and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) – best growth of C. fusiformis occurred on nitrate and urea, while NH 4 Cl was best for C. closterium . Lipid productivity was much higher in cultures supplied with NH 4 Cl for both Cylindrotheca species and compensated for lower biomass in C. fusiformis . Mixotrophy with glycerol or sodium acetate resulted in no significant increase in growth over photoautotrophy. Both Cylindrotheca species were lipid rich; lipid constituted 18–27% of dry biomass in the medium with NaNO 3 . Among total fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted &lt;40%, eicosapentaenoic acid 25%, and arachidonic acid ∼8% and ∼4% in C. fusiformis and C. closterium , respectively. NH 4 Cl, phosphate, and Nualgi micronutrient ready-mix in concentrations optimal for each strain contribute to a good culture medium for Cylindrotheca .
Transposon Tc1-derived, sequence-tagged sites in Caenorhabditis elegans as markers for gene mapping (1996)

We present an approach to map large numbers of Tc1 transposon insertions in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Strains have been described that contain up to 500 polymorphic Tc1 insertions. From these we have cloned and shotgun sequenced over 2000 Tc1 flanks, resulting in an estimated set of 400 or more distinct Tc1 insertion alleles. Alignment of these sequences revealed a weak Tc1 insertion site consensus sequence that was symmetric around the invariant TA target site and reads CAYATATRTG. The Tc1 flanking sequences were compared with 40 Mbp of a C. elegans genome sequence. We found 151 insertions within the sequenced area, a density of approximately 1 Tc1 insertion in every 265 kb. As the rest of the C. elegans genome sequence is obtained, remaining Tc1 alleles will fall into place. These mapped Tc1 insertions can serve two functions: (i) insertions in or near genes can be used to isolate deletion derivatives that have that gene mutated; and (ii) they represent a dense collection of polymorphic sequence-tagged sites. We demonstrate a strategy to use these Tc1 sequence-tagged sites in fine-mapping mutations.
In-depth genome characterization of a Brazilian common bean core collection using DArTseq high-density SNP genotyping (2017)

For common bean, DArTseq provides an efficient and cost-effective strategy of generating SNPs for large-scale genome-wide studies. The DArTseq resulted in an operational panel of 560 polymorphic SNPs in linkage equilibrium, providing high genome coverage. This SNP set could be used in genotyping platforms with many applications, such as population genetics, phylogeny relation between common bean varieties and support to molecular breeding approaches.
Degradation of radiolabelled arginine vasopressin (125I‐AVP) by the human placenta perfused in vitro (1988)

The capacity of the human placenta to degrade 125I-labelled arginine vasopressin (125I-AVP) was studied in vitro using a dual circuit perfused lobule preparation. Seven placentas were perfused with the perfusate on the maternal side of the lobule containing 125I-AVP at the upper limit of the physiological range. On average, over a 30-min period, 48% of the 125I-AVP appeared to have been metabolized. With one exception, a patient whose labour was augmented with intravenous oxytocin, no 125I-AVP apparently crossed the placental lobule to the fetal circulation. These data indicate that the human placenta has a considerable capacity to degrade AVP.
Bicarbonate Enhances Peroxidase Activity of Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase (2002)

Much evidence exists for the increased peroxidase activity of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in oxidant-induced diseases. In this study, we measured the peroxidase activity of SOD1 by monitoring the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF). Bicarbonate dramatically enhanced DCFH oxidation to DCF in a SOD1/H(2)O(2)/DCFH system. Peroxidase activity could be measured at a lower H(2)O(2) concentration ( approximately 1 microm). We propose that DCFH oxidation to DCF is a sensitive index for measuring the peroxidase activity of SOD1 and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SOD1 mutants and that the carbonate radical anion (CO(3)) is responsible for oxidation of DCFH to DCF in the SOD1/H(2)O(2)/bicarbonate system. Bicarbonate enhanced H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidation of DCFH to DCF by spinal cord extracts of transgenic mice expressing SOD1(G93A). The SOD1/H(2)O(2)/HCO(3)(-)-dependent oxidation was mimicked by photolysis of an inorganic cobalt carbonato complex that generates CO(3). Metalloporphyrin antioxidants that are usually considered as SOD1 mimetic or peroxynitrite dismutase effectively scavenged the CO(3) radical. Implications of this reaction as a plausible protective mechanism in inflammatory cellular damage induced by peroxynitrite are discussed.
Differing Roles Found for Estrogen's Two Receptors (1997)

To the public, estrogen is one of the most familiar of all hormones. But to scientists, it is still among the most mysterious. Estrogen affects many tissues, including some, such as the ovaries and bladder, that until as recently as last year appeared to lack the receptors needed for estrogen responses. And estrogen-like anticancer drugs, which block the hormone's effects by binding to the same receptor molecules, can check tumor growth in some tissues while stimulating it in others. “There had been mysteries of estrogen action that had been intractable,” says molecular biologist Peter Kushner of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).
Microwave-Accelerated Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Aromatic C−H Bonds (2009)

Microwave heating accelerates the Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation of aromatic substrates when compared with reactions carried out at the same temperature under standard heating conditions. Application to a one-pot single solvent process for tandem C-H borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling sequences using microwave-accelerated reactions gives fast and efficient access to a wide range of biaryl and heterobiaryl compounds.