gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitors of Protein−RNA Complexation That Target the RNA:  Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic Molecules (1998)

TAR RNA represents an attractive target for the intervention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by small molecules. We now describe three small molecule inhibitors of the HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction that target the RNA, not the protein. The chemical structures and RNA binding characteristics of these inhibitors are unique for each molecule. Results from various biochemical and spectroscopic methods reveal that each of the three Tat-TAR inhibitors recognizes a different structural feature at the bulge, lower stem, or loop region of TAR. Furthermore, one of these Tat-TAR inhibitors has been demonstrated, in cellular environments, to inhibit (a) a TAR-dependent, Tat-activated transcription and (b) the replication of HIV-1 in a latently infectious model.
Improving the Signal-to-Noise Performance of Molecular Diagnostics with PEG-Lysine Copolymer Dendrons (2009)

The synthesis, characterization, and use of dendron-like poly(ethylene glycol)-lysine (PEG-Lys) copolymers as an intermediate layer for biomolecular diagnostic signal enhancement is presented. Solid phase Fmoc-peptide synthesis was used to synthesize polymers with one, two, and three PEG-Lys comonomer units in both a linear and first and second-generation dendronic structure directly onto organosilica microspheres. The microsphere surface loadings (number of free amine sites) were modified and quantified through an innovative use of the protecting groups of coupled amino acids. Surfaces with 0.1-100% of the original loading corresponding to 0.3-270 nmol/m2 of free amines were achieved. The influence of polymer structure and surface loading (grafting density) on the signal-to-noise of the microsphere-based molecular diagnostic was assessed measuring the difference in the signal of a model protease digestion assay and reduction in the nonspecific adsorption of bovine serum albumin. Increasing the polymer grafting density and the addition of dendronic branching were both found to increase the assay signal and reduce the nonspecific protein adsorption.
Novel Sulfoxides Facilitate GC-Rich Template Amplification (2002)

Certain organic solvents, such as DMSO and betaine, have been reported to enhance PCR amplification, particularly for hard-to-amplify high-GC templates. As a result of extensive structure-activity studies between two groups of compounds--amides and sulfones--we have recently discovered several other potent PCR enhancers. Here we describe the effects of a series of different sulfoxides on GC-rich template amplification and report several of these to be exceptionally effective, often outperforming DMSO. We introduce them as novel PCR enhancers. We identify tetramethylene sulfoxide as the most potent sulfur-oxygen compound in the enhancement of PCR amplification and as one of the most potent PCR enhancers currently known.
<title>Photo-crosslinkable polymers as hole transport materials for organic light-emitting diodes</title> (2002)

A series of soluble arylamine-based hole transporting polymers with glass transition temperatures in the range of 97-108 degree(s)C have been synthesized. The synthetic methodology allows substitution of the aryl groups on the amine with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating moieties, which permits tuning of the redox potential of the polymer. The TPD-based monomers have been copolymerized with cinnamate-based moieties to obtain photo-crosslinkable polymers. These polymers have been used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) in multi-layer light-emitting diodes ITO/HTL/AlQ<SUB>3</SUB>/Mg:Ag [ITO=indium tin oxide, AlQ<SUB>3</SUB>=tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum]. The maximum external quantum efficiency of the device increases as the redox potential of the HTL is increased. A fluorinated hole- transport polymer with a relatively high oxidation potential (390 mV vs ferrocenium/ferrocene) yielded the device with the highest external quantum efficiency and the longest lifetime under constant current operation. UV cross-linking was optimized to obtain an insoluble hole-transport layer with stable performance. Processing of these materials is compatible with a standard mask aligner used for photolithography. Electroluminescent devices have also been fabricated by spinning a blend of polystyrene and AlQ<SUB>3</SUB> on top of the crosslinked hole-transport layer.
Carbon Nanotube Yarn Electrodes for Enhanced Detection of Neurotransmitter Dynamics in Live Brain Tissue (2013)

This work demonstrates the potential of nanoscale carbon electrode materials for improved detection of electroactive neurotransmitter dynamics in the brain. Individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, spun into yarns, and used in the fabrication of disk microelectrodes that were subsequently characterized using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. The carbon nanotube yarn electrodes were coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and used to discriminately detect rapid neurotransmitter fluctuations in acute brain slices. The results demonstrate that the distinct structural and electronic properties of the nanotubes result in improved selectivity, sensitivity, and spatial resolution, as well as faster apparent electron transfer kinetics when compared to the conventional carbon-fiber microelectrodes typically used in vivo.
Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas. (2000)

Diabetes is caused by a failure of the pancreas to produce insulin in amounts sufficient to meet the body's needs. A hallmark of diabetes is an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) reduction in the mass of pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin. Mature beta-cells have a lifespan of approximately 48-56 days (rat) and are replaced by the replication of preexisting beta-cells and by the differentiation and proliferation of new beta-cells (neogenesis) derived from the pancreatic ducts. Here, we show that the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, which is produced by the intestine, enhances the pancreatic expression of the homeodomain transcription factor IDX-1 that is critical for pancreas development and the transcriptional regulation of the insulin gene. Concomitantly, GLP-1 administered to diabetic mice stimulates insulin secretion and effectively lowers their blood sugar levels. GLP-1 also enhances beta-cell neogenesis and islet size. Thus, in addition to stimulating insulin secretion, GLP-1 stimulates the expression of the transcription factor IDX-1 while stimulating beta-cell neogenesis and may thereby be an effective treatment for diabetes.
Folate Receptors in Malignant and Benign Tissues of Human Female Genital Tract (1997)

We have characterized the folate receptor in malignant and benign tissues of human female genital tract (Fallopian tube and benign and malignant tissues of uterus). Radioligand binding displayed characteristics similar to those of other folate binding proteins. Those include a high-affinity type of binding (K = 10(10)M-1), apparent positive cooperativity, a slow dissociation at pH 7.4 becoming rapid at pH 3.5, and inhibition of binding by folate analogues. The gel filtration profile of Triton X-100 solubilized tissue contained two large peaks of 3H-folate labelled protein (> = 130 and 100 kDa) as well as a 25 kDa peak. Only a single band of 70 kDa was seen on SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. The large molecular size forms on gel filtration appear to represent folate receptors having a hydrophobic membrane anchor inserted into Triton X-100 micelles. The folate receptor of female genital tract showed cross-reactivity in ELISA and positive immunostaining with rabbit antibodies against human milk folate binding protein. Variations in the ratio of immunoresponse to total high affinity folic acid binding suggests the presence of multiple isoforms of the receptor in different types of malignant and benign tissues.
Sur2 mutations of Arabidopsis thaliana define a new locus involved in the control of auxin homeostasis (1998)

A new auxin homeostasis gene in Arabidopsis called SUR2 has been identified. This gene, mapped to the bottom of chromosome 4, is defined by two recessive nuclear mutants designated superroot2 (sur2), which display several abnormalities reminiscent of auxin effects. A number of these characteristics are similar to the phenotype of the previously described auxin-overproducing mutant superroot1 (sur1); however, several lines of evidences reveal that the SUR2 gene defines a new key point in the regulation of endogenous auxin concentrations. The phenotype of the sur1 sur2 double mutant is additive. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry indicated increased levels of free indole-3-acetic acid correlated with a decreased level of bound auxin in the sur2 mutant. These results suggest that SUR2 may be involved in the control of auxin conjugation.
Rapamycin selectively inhibits translation of mRNAs encoding elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. (1994)

The immunosuppressant rapamycin (RAP) has been demonstrated to specifically inhibit the activity of p70 S6 kinase (p70s6k) and subsequent phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 protein in mammalian cells. Addition of RAP to proliferating lymphoid cells resulted in inhibition of protein synthesis before any changes in the rate of cell proliferation. When the cellular composition of proteins was examined by gel electrophoresis, RAP dramatically inhibited synthesis of selective proteins, particularly elongation factor 2 (eEF-2). The inhibition of eEF-2 synthesis by RAP was at the translational level. Further, RAP inhibited the polysomal association of mRNAs encoding not only eEF-2 but also elongation factor 1-alpha and ribosomal proteins without affecting mRNA translation of any of a number of nonribosomal proteins. Since levels of activity of p70s6k are correlated with the rate of biosynthesis of eEF-2, p70s6k might be involved in coordinate translational regulation of ribosomal protein mRNAs in higher eukaryotes, which have a conserved sequence at their 5' end. Specific inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis likely explains the differential antiproliferative effect of RAP on proliferating and mitogen-activated quiescent cells.
Role of endogenous gamma interferon in host response to infection with blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS (1990)

The role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), a pluripotent lymphokine capable of activating macrophages, in acquired immunity to blood-stage malaria was investigated. C57BL-derived, lipopolysaccharide-resistant C57BL/10ScN mice, which were found to be resistant to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with 10(6) Plasmodium chabaudi AS parasitized erythrocytes, were treated with monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody (MAb). Two MAbs were used: R4-6A2, a rat anti-mouse, neutralizing immunoglobulin G1, which was prepared against natural murine IFN-gamma, and DB-1, a murine anti-rat immunoglobulin G1 prepared against recombinant rat IFN-gamma, which can neutralize the murine molecule as well as the rat molecule. C57BL/10ScNH mice were injected i.p. with 200 micrograms of R4-6A2 1 day before infection and every 3 days through day 21. Control mice were treated with normal rat serum. In separate experiments, DB-1 (1.0 mg per week for 4 weeks) was administered i.p. to C57BL/10ScNH mice beginning on the day of infection; control mice were untreated. Control and MAb-treated mice were infected i.p. with 10(6) P. chabaudi AS parasitized erythrocytes, and the course and outcome of infection were determined. Control mice exhibited a course of infection that was characterized by a peak parasitemia between 30 and 40% parasitized erythrocytes and elimination of the parasite by 4 weeks. MAb-treated mice exhibited a significantly greater parasitemia 1 to 2 days before the peak parasitemia as well as a significantly greater peak parasitemia but also completely cleared the infection by 4 weeks. Thus, these results suggest that treatment with anti-IFN-gamma MAb impairs but does not completely abrogate host resistance to P. chabaudi AS. We also examined the kinetics of IFN-gamma production by spleen cells cultured in vitro with malaria antigen or concanavalin A. Spleen cells were recovered from individual C57BL/6 mice at various times after i.p. infection with 10(6) P. chabaudi AS parasitized erythrocytes. The amount of IFN-gamma produced was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In each case, the peak of IFN-gamma production occurred just before the peak parasitemia, followed by a decrease to little or no IFN-gamma production through 42 days postinfection. There was thus a parallel between the kinetics of production of IFN-gamma in vitro by spleen cells from infected animals and the requirement in vivo for the endogenous molecule just before and at the time of peak parasitemia. In conclusion, these results suggest that IFN-gamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms contribute to host resistance to P. chabaudi AS.
Porcine factor VIII: past, present and future. (2000)

Porcine factor VIII concentrate is effective in up to 90% of bleeds. Its use is, however, sometimes associated with reactions and a fall in platelet count Furthermore, it is not virally attenuated, although no viral transmission from this product to humans has ever been demonstrated. A third-generation porcine factor VIII is currently being developed. This is purified from parvovirus-free porcine plasma using immunoaffinity and ion-exchange chromatography. It is virally attenuated using the solvent detergent method. It should have a very high specific activity and be virtually free of porcine von Willebrand factor. These product characteristics should confer greater product safety and a greatly reduced risk of treatment side effects.
Hypercrosslinked organic solids: preparation from poly(aromatic diacetylenes) and preliminary measurements of their Young's modulus, hardness, and thermal stability (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypercrosslinked organic solids: preparation from poly(aromatic diacetylenes) and preliminary measurements of their Young's modulus, hardness, and thermal stabilityThomas X. Neenan, Matthew R. Callstrom, Louis M. Scarmoutzos, Kevin Randall Stewart, George M. Whitesides, and V. R. HowesCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 12, 3525–3528Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00190a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00190a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Substituted Thiazoles (2002)

The regiocontrolled synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted and 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles from ethyl 2-bromo-5-chloro-4-thiazolecarboxylate 1 using sequential palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions is described. [reaction: see text]
Vascular variant of prion protein cerebral amyloidosis with tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles: the phenotype of the stop codon 145 mutation in PRNP. (1996)

Deposition of PrP amyloid in cerebral vessels in conjunction with neurofibrillary lesions is the neuropathologic hallmark of the dementia associated with a stop mutation at codon 145 of PRNP, the gene encoding the prion protein (PrP). In this disorder, the vascular amyloid in tissue sections and the approximately 7.5-kDa fragment extracted from amyloid are labeled by antibodies to epitopes located in the PrP sequence including amino acids 90-147. Amyloid-laden vessels are also labeled by antibodies against the C terminus, suggesting that PrP from the normal allele is involved in the pathologic process. Abundant neurofibrillary lesions are present in the cerebral gray matter. They are composed of paired helical filaments, are labeled with antibodies that recognize multiple phosphorylation sites in tau protein, and are similar to those observed in Alzheimer disease. A PrP cerebral amyloid angiopathy has not been reported in diseases caused by PRNP mutations or in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies; we propose to name this phenotype PrP cerebral amyloid angiopathy (PrP-CAA).
Early Energy Deficit in Huntington Disease: Identification of a Plasma Biomarker Traceable during Disease Progression (2007)

Huntington disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, with no effective treatment. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying HD has not been elucidated, but weight loss, associated with chorea and cognitive decline, is a characteristic feature of the disease that is accessible to investigation. We, therefore, performed a multiparametric study exploring body weight and the mechanisms of its loss in 32 presymptomatic carriers and HD patients in the early stages of the disease, compared to 21 controls. We combined this study with a multivariate statistical analysis of plasma components quantified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy. We report evidence of an early hypermetabolic state in HD. Weight loss was observed in the HD group even in presymptomatic carriers, although their caloric intake was higher than that of controls. Inflammatory processes and primary hormonal dysfunction were excluded. (1)H NMR spectroscopy on plasma did, however, distinguish HD patients at different stages of the disease and presymptomatic carriers from controls. This distinction was attributable to low levels of the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, leucine and isoleucine. BCAA levels were correlated with weight loss and, importantly, with disease progression and abnormal triplet repeat expansion size in the HD1 gene. Levels of IGF1, which is regulated by BCAA, were also significantly lower in the HD group. Therefore, early weight loss in HD is associated with a systemic metabolic defect, and BCAA levels may be used as a biomarker, indicative of disease onset and early progression. The decreased plasma levels of BCAA may correspond to a critical need for Krebs cycle energy substrates in the brain that increased metabolism in the periphery is trying to provide.
An In-Depth Analysis of Electric Cell−Substrate Impedance Sensing To Study the Attachment and Spreading of Mammalian Cells (2002)

The attachment and spreading of fibroblast cells on a gold surface coated with fibronectin or ovalbumin were studied by a modified electric cell−substrate impedance sensor. In this system, cells were cultured in a well, equipped with a detecting gold electrode (surface area of 0.057 mm2) and a gold counter electrode (18 mm2). Based on a comprehensive theoretical framework, the impedance of the electrode−electrolyte interface and a cell layer was precisely obtained for frequencies ranging from 1 to 10 kHz. Surface concentrations of the protein adsorbed on the gold surface were determined by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The resistance change of the electrode−electrolyte interface at 4 kHz increased linearly with the number of fibroblast cells attached on the detecting electrode. The slope of the linear relationship appeared to depend on the type of coating protein. As the surface area occupied by the cells was also proportional to the cell number, the resistance change was in turn proportional to the area covered by the cells.
Solution equilibria of enterobactin and metal-enterobactin complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution equilibria of enterobactin and metal-enterobactin complexesLawrence D. Loomis and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 5, 906–911Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00005a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00005a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1617Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Regioselective palladium-catalyzed tandem .alpha.-arylation/isomerization of cyclic enamides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective palladium-catalyzed tandem .alpha.-arylation/isomerization of cyclic enamidesKristina Nilsson and Anders HallbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2464–2470Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views670Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts