gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for dynamic routing and operational integrity controls in a workflow management system (1996)

The paper describes a general framework for implementing dynamic routing and operational integrity control mechanisms in a workflow management system (WMS). The framework consists of three techniques: workflow control matrices, sequence constraints, and event-based constraints. These techniques are described and illustrated by means of example applications. We show how these techniques can exploit parallelism, and lead to more efficient processes and better workflow systems. Another unique aspect of this framework is that it can handle various kinds of exception situations that arise in workflow applications. The application of the three techniques are discussed in the context of the case of a consumer loan management application. Finally, the unique features of our framework are compared with other approaches based on static routing.
Toward precision medicine in Alzheimer’s disease (2016)

In Western societies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and the sixth leading cause of death. In recent years, the concept of precision medicine, an approach for disease prevention and treatment that is personalized to an individual's specific pattern of genetic variability, environment and lifestyle factors, has emerged. While for some diseases, in particular select cancers and a few monogenetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, significant advances in precision medicine have been made over the past years, for most other diseases precision medicine is only in its beginning. To advance the application of precision medicine to a wider spectrum of disorders, governments around the world are starting to launch Precision Medicine Initiatives, major efforts to generate the extensive scientific knowledge needed to integrate the model of precision medicine into every day clinical practice. In this article we summarize the state of precision medicine in AD, review major obstacles in its development, and discuss its benefits in this highly prevalent, clinically and pathologically complex disease.
Metabolic polymorphisms as susceptibility markers for lung and oral cavity cancer. (2001)

Lung and oral cavity cancers are causally associated with tobacco use. Alcohol is an independent risk factor for oral cavity cancer. Major classes of carcinogens present in tobacco and tobacco smoke are converted into DNA-reactive metabolites by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-related enzymes, several of which display genetic polymorphism. Individual susceptibility to cancer is likely to be modified by the genotype for enzymes involved in the activation or detoxification of carcinogens in tobacco and repair of DNA damage. Molecular epidemiological studies to assess the risk associated with metabolic polymorphisms for cancers of the lung and head and neck have shown that the overall effect of common polymorphisms is moderate in terms of penetrance and relative risk. However, some gene combinations like mutated CYP1A1/GSTM1-null genotype seem to predispose the lung and oral cavity of smokers to an even higher risk for cancer or DNA damage, although these results require confirmation in larger well defined studies that take into account the existence of ethnic variations even within the commonly defined groups. Retinoids, isothiocyanates and tea polyphenols have been identified as possible chemopreventive agents for cancers of the lung and oral cavity. While a number of trials have been conducted with retinoids or beta-carotene, the results were ambiguous and the causes are still being debated. The possible interaction of chemopreventive agents with metabolic polymorphisms as biomarkers in chemoprevention trials is discussed.
Competitive regulation of hepcidin mRNA by soluble and cell-associated hemojuvelin (2005)

Mutations in a recently identified gene HJV (also called HFE2, or repulsive guidance molecule C, RgmC) are the major cause of juvenile hemochromatosis (JH). The protein product of HJV, hemojuvelin, contains a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, suggesting that it can be present in either a soluble or a cell-associated form. Patients with HJV hemochromatosis have low urinary levels of hepcidin, the principal iron-regulatory hormone secreted by the liver. However, neither the specific role of hemojuvelin in maintaining iron homeostasis nor its relationship to hepcidin has been experimentally established. In this study we used hemojuvelin-specific siRNAs to vary hemojuvelin mRNA concentration and showed that cellular hemojuvelin positively regulated hepcidin mRNA expression, independently of the interleukin 6 pathway. We also showed that recombinant soluble hemojuvelin (rs-hemojuvelin) suppressed hepcidin mRNA expression in primary human hepatocytes in a log-linear dose-dependent manner, suggesting binding competition between soluble and cell-associated hemojuvelin. Soluble hemojuvelin was found in human sera at concentrations similar to those required to suppress hepcidin mRNA in vitro. In cells engineered to express hemojuvelin, soluble hemojuvelin release was progressively inhibited by increasing iron concentrations. We propose that soluble and cell-associated hemojuvelin reciprocally regulate hepcidin expression in response to changes in extracellular iron concentration.
Prevalence and Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative (2011)

Despite cross-site variation in the prevalence rates of BPS, the severity, impact, and patterns of comorbidity were remarkably similar internationally. The uniform increases in clinical correlates, suicidal behavior, and comorbidity across each diagnostic category provide evidence for the validity of the concept of BPS. Treatment needs for BPS are often unmet, particularly in low-income countries.
Kirkendall Effect and Lattice Contraction in Nanocatalysts: A New Strategy to Enhance Sustainable Activity (2011)

Core-shell nanoparticles increasingly are found to be effective in enhancing catalytic performance through the favorable influence of the core materials on the active components at the surface. Yet, sustaining high activities under operating conditions often has proven challenging. Here we explain how differences in the components' diffusivity affect the formation and stability of the core-shell and hollow nanostructures, which we ascribe to the Kirkendall effect. Using Ni nanoparticles as the templates, we fabricated compact and smooth Pt hollow nanocrystals that exhibit a sustained enhancement in Pt mass activity for oxygen reduction in acid fuel cells. This is achieved by the hollow-induced lattice contraction, high surface area per mass, and oxidation-resistant surface morphology--a new route for enhancing both the catalysts' activity and durability. The results indicate challenges and opportunities brought by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect for designing, at the atomic level, nanostructures with a wide range of novel properties.
Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. Inhibitors of guinea pig complement derived by quaternization of substituted pyridines with benzyl halides (1976)

A series of 83 compounds derived from hydrocarbon-substituted pyridines by quaternization with PhCH2Br usually containing a 2-SO2F or 6-Cl-2-SO2F group was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of guinea pig complement and in most cases its C1 component. The most active compounds were 3-(4-phenylphenylbutyl)-N-(6-choro-2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl) pyridinium bromide (43) and 3-(4-phenylphenylbutyl)-N-(2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl) pyridinium bromide (44), each showing 50% inhibition at 7.8 muM. The most effective irreversible inhibitor of the C1 component was N-(6-chloro-2-fluorosulfonylbenzyl)-5,6-benzoquinolinium bromide (87), which showed 50% inhibition at 4 muM.
Inflammation, innate immunity and blood coagulation (2010)

Summary Inflammation drives arterial, venous and microvascular thrombosis. Chronic inflammation contributes to arterial thrombotic complications, whereas acute inflammation drives venous thrombosis and microvascular thrombosis. Mechanistically, inflammation modulates thrombotic responses by upregulating procoagulants, downregulating anticoagulants and suppressing fibrinolysis. The inflammatory response can also result in cell apoptosis or necrosis. Products released from the dead cells, particularly histones, propagate further inflammation, tissue death and organ failure. Inhibition of histone mediated cytotoxicity appears to be a new mechanism for protecting against this deadly cascade.
Stereochemical analysis of natural products. Approaches relying on the combination of NMR spectroscopy and computational methods (2003)

Abstract The stereochemical study of flexible stereogenic carbon chains, such as those of many novel natural products, is a particularly challenging task. Recent applications of our group on the so-called " J -based approach", a methodology relying on a detailed analysis of homonuclear (H-H) and heteronuclear (C-H) 2,3 J couplings, include the study of the sphinxolide family of antitumor macrolides, a group of molecules characterized by a flexible macrocyclic framework bearing a number of oxygenated and methylated undetermined stereocenters, and of ascaulitoxin, a nitrogen-containing phytotoxin with herbicidal activity produced by a phytopathogenic fungus. An extension of the original procedure, relying on a Hartree-Fock (HF) ab initio calculation of conformational equilibrium and an estimate of the Boltzmann averaged 2,3 J HH and 2,3 J CH couplings, has been applied to the stereochemical study of sapinofuranone A, where the conformational equilibrium among existing rotamers had initially led to controversial results. 13 C NMR chemical shifts are additional useful parameters in the study of complex organic molecules. Along these lines, we have lately proposed the use of Hartree–Fock gauge including atomic orbitals (GIAO) calculated 13 C NMR chemical shift values as a supporting tool for the validation of the structure of new natural products and the determination of the relative stereochemistry of diastereomeric flexible compounds that are characterized by multiple conformer equilibria.
Interactions of Deleterious and Beneficial Rhizosphere Microorganisms and the Effect of Cropping Practices (1987)

Evidence is increasing that the saprophytic microflora of the rhizosphere includes both deleterious and beneficial elements that have the potential to influence plant growth and crop yields significantly (13, 16, 25, 27, 57, 72, 77, 78). The deleterious microorganisms affect plant growth negatively, but they do not necessarily parasitize the plant tissue. Their deleterious activities include alterations of the supply of water, ions, and plant growth substances by changing root functions and/or by limiting root growth (1,57, 67, 77). The mechanisms by which beneficial nonsymbiotic microorganisms are considered to affect plant growth positively include promotion of the availability and uptake of mineral nutrients (6, 7, 27), provision of plant-growth substances (27, 56, 57), and, most of all, suppression of deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms (13, 27, 28, 72, 77). Beneficial rhizobacteria that promote plant growth, supposedly by competing for iron with deleterious rhizosphere microorganisms, have recently become known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (13, 41, 67, 77). This paper reviews recent knowledge on deleterious and beneficial rhizosphere bacteria, their interactions, and their effect on yield as related to cropping practices.
Method for Determination of Aspirin and Salicylic Acid in Rat Whole Blood by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (1985)

Abstract A method has been developed to simultaneously determine aspirin and salicylic acid in rat whole blood. Aspirin and salicylic acid are extracted from acidified whole blood into a 50/50 v/v ethylacetate/butylchloride organic solvent system containing internal standard (meta-anisic acid). Following controlled evaporation of the organic extract under partial vacuum, the dried residue is reconstituted with mobile phase. Chromatography is ion suppression reverse phase on a 5 μm octyldecasiland column with detection by UV absorbance at 280 nm. In this method, the procedure of blood centrifugation for plasma preparation is eliminated. Therefore, the blood volume required is decreased and the sensitivity of analysis is considerably increased. Concentrations of aspirin as low as 0.5 mcg/ml and salicyclic acid as low as 1.5 mcg/ml can be quantitated in as little as 100 μl of whole blood. Aspirin is one of the most extensively used drugs. A method of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of aspirin and its metabolites in human plasma and urine was developed in our laboratory in the late 1970s and revised in the early 1980s1,2. With modifications to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility, this method can be applied to measure aspirin and salicylic acid in rat whole blood. Therefore, the studies of kinetics and metabolism of aspirin in the rat are both possible and the extrapolation of these results to humans can be meaningful. The HPLC method described herein has been employed to measure aspirin (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) in more than 500 rat whole blood samples collected during a pharmacokinetic study.
Graph clustering based on structural/attribute similarities (2009)

The goal of graph clustering is to partition vertices in a large graph into different clusters based on various criteria such as vertex connectivity or neighborhood similarity. Graph clustering techniques are very useful for detecting densely connected groups in a large graph. Many existing graph clustering methods mainly focus on the topological structure for clustering, but largely ignore the vertex properties which are often heterogenous. In this paper, we propose a novel graph clustering algorithm, SA-Cluster , based on both structural and attribute similarities through a unified distance measure. Our method partitions a large graph associated with attributes into k clusters so that each cluster contains a densely connected subgraph with homogeneous attribute values. An effective method is proposed to automatically learn the degree of contributions of structural similarity and attribute similarity. Theoretical analysis is provided to show that SA-Cluster is converging. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SA-Cluster through comparison with the state-of-the-art graph clustering and summarization methods.
F-layer polar cap arcs (1987)

Two types of ionospheric anomalies have been discovered recently in the polar cap: patches and arcs. Polar cap arcs are the focus of this study, which seeks correlation between arcs and total election content (TEC) enhancements and amplitude scintillation effects. Simultaneous optical and radio frequency measurements were taken at Thule AFB and Qanaaq, Greenland, using the All-Sky Imaging Photometer (ASIP) and a specially equipped Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Arcs were discovered to produce significant, rapidly varying TEC increases, and small but measurable amplitude scintillation.
Substitution of the Lys Linker with the β-Ala Linker Dramatically Decreased the Renal Uptake of 99mTc-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-Conjugated α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides (2014)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the substitution of the Lys linker with the β-Ala could reduce the renal uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (1) {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-dTyr-Asp]-β-Ala-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RTD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (2), RVD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (3), RAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (4), NAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (5), and EAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (6) peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of their (99m)Tc-conjugates were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of the Lys linker with β-Ala linker dramatically reduced the renal uptake of all six (99m)Tc-peptides. (99m)Tc-4 exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (15.66 ± 6.19% ID/g) and the lowest kidney uptake (20.18 ± 3.86% ID/g) among these (99m)Tc-peptides at 2 h postinjection. The B16/F1 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using (99m)Tc-4 as an imaging probe.
Apoptosis in keratinocytes is not dependent on induction of differentiation. (1997)

During embryological development and throughout life, regulation of the thickness of skin is likely to involve modulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. One major mechanism of cell death is apoptosis; but the precise relationship between apoptosis and differentiation has not been well-defined. In this report, we demonstrate that when cultured undifferentiated keratinocytes have their adhesive interactions interrupted by either enzymatic treatment (ie, trypsin) and suspension in a semi-solid methyl cellulose medium, or exposure to antibodies against beta 1 integrins and E-cadherin, induction of differentiation occurs (expression of involucrin), as well as apoptosis (positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA fragmentation). However, these events are not directly interdependent processes, as determined by two-color immunofluorescence staining. Thus, apoptosis can occur without evidence of differentiation and vice versa. The process o apoptosis in keratinocytes was dissected at the molecular level and found to be correlated with increased expression of Bax and decreased levels of Bcl-XL, with no role for either Bcl-2 or Bcl-XS. We conclude that keratinocytes do not need to undergo differentiation before undergoing apoptosis.
Gamboge. Part II (1966)

The isolation of gambogic acid is described. Reactions of gambogic acid are discussed and it is shown that some reactions involve isomeric change in the molecule. The possible relationship of gambogic acid to morellin is considered, the substitution pattern being examined in detail, and a structure is assigned which is consistent with much of the known chemistry of gambogic acid.
The British Cardiac Society Working Group definition of myocardial infarction: implications for practice (2005)

At 30 days the new BCS categories for MI predict three distinct outcomes. However, within a contemporary UK population this was no longer apparent at six months, as mortality for patients with ACS with myocyte necrosis had risen to the same level as those for patients with ACS with clinical MI. One possible explanation for this is the apparent under use of drugs known to improve prognosis after traditionally defined MI.
Glucocorticoid-induced formation of cross-linked actin networks in cultured human trabecular meshwork cells. (1994)

The steroid-induced alteration in trabecular meshwork cytoskeleton may be an important factor in the development of steroid-induced ocular hypertension and may play a role in the ocular hypertension associated with primary open angle glaucoma.
Hippocampal MR imaging morphometry by means of general pattern matching. (1996)

General pattern matching of a digital brain atlas to an individual MR image is a mathematically robust method of measurement that is reproducible and less variable than manual measurement.
ARC Armut Islahı, İlgili Araştırma Girişimleri ve Güney Afrika Armut Endüstrisine Genel Bir Bakış (2017)

Çalışmada,Güney Afrika&amp;#039;daki armut üretim istatistikleri (kapsam, çeşit dağılımı)verilmekte, Güney Afrika armut endüstrisi için kırmızı yanaklı çeşitlerin önemivurgulanmakta ve Tarımsal Araştırma Konseyi (ARC) tarafından piyasaya sürülenkımızı yanaklı çeşitlerin tarihi ve mevcut ıslah hedefleri kısacaanlatılmaktadır. Endüstri istekleri ile uyumlu hâle getirilen öğrenci eğitimisistemi, moleküler belirteçleri geliştirmeyi hedeflemekte ve önemli olanbelirli özellikler için yeni gen kaynağı elde etme zorunluluğunuyansıtmaktadır. Makalede, yeni çeşitlerin piyasaya sürülmesi sürecinde Cheeky®örnek olarak açıklanmış, Cheeky® ile ilgili ayrıntılı bilgiler verilmiş, ARCarmut ıslahının gelecek yönü ve marker destekli seleksiyonun (MAS) kullanımıaçıklanmıştır.
Respiratory Epithelial Gene Expression in Patients with Mild and Severe Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease (2006)

Despite having identical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotypes, individuals with DeltaF508 homozygous cystic fibrosis (CF) demonstrate significant variability in severity of pulmonary disease. This investigation used high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis of nasal respiratory epithelium to investigate the molecular basis of phenotypic differences in CF by (1) identifying differences in gene expression between DeltaF508 homozygotes in the most severe 20th percentile of lung disease by forced expiratory volume in 1 s and those in the most mild 20th percentile of lung disease and (2) identifying differences in gene expression between DeltaF508 homozygotes and age-matched non-CF control subjects. Microarray results from 23 participants (12 CF, 11 non-CF) met the strict quality control guidelines and were used for final data analysis. A total of 652 of the 11,867 genes identified as present in 75% of the samples were significantly differentially expressed in one of the three disease phenotypes: 30 in non-CF, 53 in mild CF, and 569 in severe CF. An analysis of genes differentially expressed by severity of CF lung disease demonstrated significant upregulation in severe CF of genes involved in protein ubiquination (P < 0.04), mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity (P < 0.01), and lipid metabolism (P < 0.03). Analysis of genes with decreased expression in patients with CF compared with control subjects demonstrated significant downregulation of genes involved in airway defense (P < 0.047) and protein metabolism (P < 0.048). This study suggests that differences in CF lung phenotype are associated with differences in expression of genes involving airway defense, protein ubiquination, and mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity and identifies specific new candidate modifiers of the CF phenotype.
Antitumor activities of a new indolocarbazole substance, NB-506, and establishment of NB-506-resistant cell lines, SBC-3/NB. (1995)

The novel anticancer glucosyl derivative of indolo-carbazole (NB-506), an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I, exhibited strong in vitro cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. In order to elucidate its cytotoxic mechanisms, we established nine NB-506-resistant sublines with different resistance ratios from human small cell lung cancer cells (SBC-3/P) by stepwise and brief exposure (24 h) to NB-506. Among them, SBC-3/NB#9 was 454 times more resistant to NB-506 than the parent cell line. The SBC-3/NB#9 cells showed cross-resistance only to topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as 11,7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecia and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin, and not to other anticancer drugs, such as vincristine, vinblastine, Adriamycin, etoposide, and teniposide. These results indicate that the difference on the effect of topoisomerase I was considered to be related to a resistance mechanism. The topoisomerase I activities of nuclear extracts eluted from SBC-3/NB#9 cells was only one-tenth of the parent cell activity. A Western blotting study indicated that this lower activity was due to a lower amount of DNA topoisomerase I. Furthermore, we found correlations between topoisomerase I activity and sensitivity to NB-506 in sublines with different degrees of resistance. Accumulation of 3H-labeled NB-506 by SBC-3/NB#9 cells was only one-fifth of that by the parent cells, whereas intracellular accumulation of 3H-labeled camptothecin by both cell lines did not differ. The reduction of accumulation was specific to NB-506, and this result may explain why the resistance ratio for NB-506 was higher than those for 11,7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin.