gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-Acetylhomoserine Sulfhydrylase of the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Partial Purification, Characterization, and Its Probable Role in Homocysteine Biosynthesis (1984)

A crude extract of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells catalyzed sulfhydrylation of both O-acetyl-L-serine and O-acetyl-L-homoserine with H2S, but did not synthesize cystathionine from O-acetyl-L-homoserine and L-cysteine. The O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase [EC 4.2.99.10] was very unstable; however, it could be stabilized by the addition of 25% (w/w) sucrose or glycerol. The optimal pH for activity was 8.0 and that for stability was 7.0. The enzyme was purified approximately 300-fold from an ammonium sulfate-precipitated fraction. L-Methionine was the most effective inhibitor among the amino acids examined. It inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to OAH with a Ki value of 2.6 mM. Sulfhydrylase activity was inhibited to various extents by some carbonyl reagents, but sulfhydryl reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and monoiodoacetic acid had no inhibitory effect. The enzyme also reacted with O-succinylhomoserine and L-homoserine to synthesize homocysteine directly, but could not utilize cysteine as a co-substrate in place of H2S. In the sulfhydrylation reactions, Km values for the substrates ranged from 10.4-12.5 mM. The enzyme was resolved to the apoenzyme by incubation with phenylhydrazine and reactivated by the addition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, whose Km value was 0.083 microM. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 186,000 by gel filtration and 170,000 by ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients. The isolectric point of the protein was pH 4.1. The characteristics of this enzyme are compared with those of physiologically functional sulfhydrylases reported for other organisms, and the possibility of the enzyme functioning as a homocysteine synthase is discussed.
Speckle Removal by a Slowly Moving Diffuser Associated with a Motionless Diffuser (1971)

A moving diffuser destroys the spatial coherence of laser light only partially when the integration time is finite; this can be expressed by the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in the observed illuminance, due to the residual speckle. The method can be improved by the use of a two-diffuser system of which one diffuser is motionless, the other moving. In this case, the integration time (or the displacement of the diffuser) required to obtain a given S/N ratio can be greatly reduced, allowing the use of a slowly moving diffuser. Moreover, the S/N ratio does not depend on the optical-system parameters, whereas it depends on these parameters when a single diffuser is used.
Potent, Selective Tetrahydro-β-carboline Antagonists of the Serotonin 2B (5HT2B) Contractile Receptor in the Rat Stomach Fundus (1996)

A series of potent, selective 5HT2B receptor antagonists has been identified based upon yohimbine, with SAR studies resulting in a 1000-fold increase in 5HT2B receptor affinity relative to the starting structure (-log KBS > 10.0 have been obtained). These high-affinity tetrahydro-beta-carboline antagonists are able to discriminate among the 5HT2 family of serotonin receptors, with members of the series showing selectivities of more than 100-fold versus both the 5HT2A and 5HT2C receptors based upon radioligand binding and functional assays. As the first compounds reported with such selectivity and enhanced receptor affinity, these tetrahydro-beta-carboline antagonists are useful tools for elucidating the role of serotonin acting at the 5HT2B receptor in normal and disease physiology.
Simulation of nerve block by high-frequency sinusoidal electrical current based on the Hodgkin-Huxley model (2005)

Nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency sinusoidal electrical current was simulated using a lumped circuit model of the unmyelinated axon based on Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Axons of different diameters (1-20 microm) can be blocked when the stimulation frequency is above 4 kHz. At higher frequency, a higher stimulation intensity is needed to block nerve conduction. Larger diameter axons have a lower threshold intensity for conduction block. High-frequency sinusoidal electrical currents are less effective in blocking nerve conduction than biphasic square pulses of the same frequency. The activation of potassium channels, rather than inactivation of sodium channels, is the possible mechanism underlying the nerve conduction block of the unmyelinated axon induced by high-frequency biphasic (sinusoidal or square pulse) stimulation. This simulation study, which provides more information about the axonal conduction block induced by high-frequency sinusoidal currents, can guide future animal experiments, as well as optimize stimulation waveforms for electrical nerve block in possible clinical applications.
Pharmacogenetics in perioperative medicine (2012)

In the near future, pharmacogenetic approaches may facilitate personalized perioperative intervention trials.
Function of the High Concentration Alcohol-producing Factor (1974)

Journal Article Function of the High Concentration Alcohol-producing Factor Get access Shinsaku Hayashida, Shinsaku Hayashida Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dent Der Feng, Dent Der Feng Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Motoyoshi Hongo Motoyoshi Hongo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 10, 1 October 1974, Pages 2001–2006, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861450 Published: 01 October 1974 Article history Received: 05 June 1974 Published: 01 October 1974
The glucocorticoid receptor is a co‐regulator of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 (2007)

Nurr1 (NR4A2) is an atypical nuclear receptor (NR) because of its inability to bind a ligand and to activate transcription following canonical NR rules. An affinity chromatography-based screen identified the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as an interactant of Nurr1. The co-localization of these two NRs in the hippocampus and the substantia nigra, as well as their involvement in similar neurological processes led us to investigate the functional consequences of such a physical interaction. GR interfered with Nurr1 transcriptional activity, and Nurr1 association to GR confers glucocorticoid regulation to this orphan receptor. The N-terminal domain of Nurr1 interacts directly with GR, whereas several domains of GR can associate to Nurr1. The GR-mediated increase in Nurr1 transcriptional activity requires the N-terminal domain of GR, but not a functional DNA binding domain. Finally, SMRT and SRC2, two co-regulators of GR, modulated the transcriptional activity of the Nurr1-GR complex, but not that of Nurr1 alone. Our results therefore establish GR as a transcriptional regulator of Nurr1, and open new opportunities in the pharmacological regulation of Nurr1 by glucocorticoids in the CNS.
Blood Protein Signature for the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (2008)

Alzheimer disease (AD) has become one of the main health concerns for the elderly population in the United States. Current treatments target symptoms only, but several advanced clinical trials are testing new drugs that are potentially disease modifying. Because AD is still difficult to diagnose in its earliest stages and the disease process is estimated to start many years before current clinical diagnosis is made, accurate and simple diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We recently described a blood-based panel of secreted signaling proteins that distinguishes between blinded samples from patients with AD and control subjects with high accuracy. The same proteins also predicted progression to AD in preclinical patients with mild cognitive impairment several years before clinical diagnosis for AD was made. Herein, we describe these findings and discuss the potential for a more general application of our proteomic approach in understanding and diagnosing disease.
Syntheses, Structures, Magnetism, and Optical Properties of Lutetium-Based Interlanthanide Selenides (2007)

Ln3LuSe6 (Ln = La, Ce), beta-LnLuSe3 (Ln = Pr, Nd), and LnxLu4-xSe6 (Ln = Sm, Gd; x = 1.82, 1.87) have been synthesized using a Sb2Se3 flux at 1000 degrees C. Ln3LuSe6 (Ln = La, Ce) adopts the U3ScS6-type three-dimensional structure, which is constructed from two-dimensional 2(infinity)[Ln3Se6](3-) slabs with the gaps between these slabs being filled by octahedrally coordinated Lu(3+) ions. The series of beta-LnLuSe3 (Ln = Pr, Nd) are isotypic with UFeS3. Their structures include layers formed from LuSe6 octahedra that are separated by eight-coordinate Ln(3+) (Ln = Pr, Nd) ions in bicapped trigonal prismatic environments. Sm1.82Lu2.18Se6 and Gd1.87Lu2.13Se6 crystallize in the disordered F-Ln2S3 type structure with the eight-coordinate bicapped trigonal prismatic Ln(1) ions residing in the one-dimensional channels formed by three different double chains via edge- and corner-sharing. These double chains are constructed from Ln(2)Se7 monocapped trigonal prisms, Ln(3)Se6 octahedra, and Ln(4)S6 octahedra, respectively. The magnetic susceptibilities of beta-PrLuSe3 and beta-NdLuSe3 follow the Curie-Weiss law. Sm1.82Lu2.18Se6 shows van Vleck paramagnetism. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that Gd1.87Lu2.13Se6 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition around 4 K. Ce3LuSe6 exhibits soft ferromagnetism below 5 K. The optical band gaps for La3LuSe6, Ce3LuSe6, beta-PrLuSe3, beta-NdLuSe3, Sm1.82Lu2.18Se6, and Gd1.87Lu2.13Se6 are 1.26, 1.10, 1.56, 1.61, 1.51, and 1.56 eV, respectively.
Video Question Answering via Attribute-Augmented Attention Network Learning (2017)

Video Question Answering is a challenging problem in visual information retrieval, which provides the answer to the referenced video content according to the question. However, the existing visual question answering approaches mainly tackle the problem of static image question, which may be ineffectively for video question answering due to the insufficiency of modeling the temporal dynamics of video contents. In this paper, we study the problem of video question answering by modeling its temporal dynamics with frame-level attention mechanism. We propose the attribute-augmented attention network learning framework that enables the joint frame-level attribute detection and unified video representation learning for video question answering. We then incorporate the multi-step reasoning process for our proposed attention network to further improve the performance. We construct a large-scale video question answering dataset. We conduct the experiments on both multiple-choice and open-ended video question answering tasks to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Molecular mechanisms in successful peripheral regeneration (2005)

Peripheral nerve injury is normally followed by a robust regenerative response. Here we describe the early changes associated with injury from the initial rise in intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of transcription factors and cytokines leading to an inflammatory reaction, and the expression of growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, and other secreted molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication promoting regeneration and neurite outgrowth. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms that play a part in executing successful regeneration.
Decreased mRNA Levels Coding for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Lymphocytes of Patients with SLE (1994)

Poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism is altered in patients with SLE. In order to localize the defect, the levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-specific mRNA were measured from dot blots of total RNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this preliminary study, eleven patients with SLE and two with antiphospholipid syndrome were compared to three controls. It was found that the mean levels of specific mRNA were ten fold lower in the PBL from SLE patients compared to controls and no overlap of values was seen between the two groups. No such decrease was seen in the PBL from the patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. It is concluded that the defect in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase metabolism that is seen in SLE patients occurs at the level of transcription or mRNA turnover.
A new twist on protein crystallization (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Antigen recognition by an antibody light chain. (1994)

A monoclonal antibody to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was reduced and alkylated and its light and heavy chains were purified by denaturing gel filtration. Following renaturation, the light chain displayed sequence-specific binding of VIP. The specific VIP binding activity of several fractions spanning the light chain peak recovered from the gel filtration column was constant, the light chain was electrophoretically homogeneous, the VIP binding activity was precipitated by anti-light chain antibody but not anti-heavy chain antibody and the activity remained associated with a light chain fraction recovered by resolutive chromatography on a hydroxylapatite column. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the light and heavy chain fractions confirmed the purity of these proteins and suggested that the VL and VH regions belonged to kappa-family II and gamma-family III, respectively. The VIP-binding affinity of the light chain was only 5-fold lower than that of the parent antibody and the light chain did not bind unrelated peptides. These observations suggest that light chains display structural characteristics necessary for high affinity antigen binding.
Magnetic Microspheres: A Model System for Site Specific Drug Delivery in Vivo (1978)

A novel carrier system for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents by magnetic means to desired sites has been developed. Results indicate that the carrier, albumin microspheres with entrapped Fe3O4, and adriamycin HCl, can be concentrated at a predetermined site in vivo by a magnetic field. Carrier delivery of adriamycin is supported by the presence of a significant concentration of the drug at the site of carrier localization. This delivery system allows for the accumulation of local adriamycin which is comparable to that achieved by administration of a 100-fold higher dose of the free drug.
Low-Dose Vasopressin in the Treatment of Vasodilatory Septic Shock (1999)

A VP infusion improved arterial pressure and permitted the withdrawal of catecholamine vasopressors. VP is a useful agent in the treatment of refractory septic shock.
S100A1: a powerful marker to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma (2007)

S100A1 may be a potentially powerful marker to differentiate the chromophobe RCC from renal oncocytoma.
Recent advancement in flavivirus vaccine development (2004)

Lately, the magnitude of cumulative diseases burden caused by flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and yellow fever virus, has reached an unprecedented level with the sizes of human and animal populations at risk increasing sharply. These diseases present highly complex medical, economic and ecologic problems, some effecting primarily human and others affecting human, livestock and wildlife. The large body of recent publications on the development of vaccines taking advantage of new generations of bio-engineering techniques clearly reflects the profound interests and deep sense of urgency in the scientific and medical communities in combating those diseases. This review reveals a collection of remarkable progresses thus far made in flaviviral vaccine research not only employing a diverse range of new strategies but also re-tooling old techniques to improve the existing vaccines. The efficacy and safety of some of the new vaccine candidates have been evaluated and proven in human clinical trials. Besides the technical advancement in vaccine development, in this review, the importance of somewhat neglected and yet critical subjects, such as adequacy of animal model, vaccine safety, vaccine formulation and delivery, complication in serodiagostics and economic factor, was examined in-depth.
A Compressed Sensing Based Ultra-Wideband Communication System (2009)

Sampling is the bottleneck for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. Our major contribution is to exploit the channel itself as part of compressed sensing, through waveform-based pre-coding at the transmitter. We also have demonstrated a UWB system baseband bandwidth (5 GHz) that would, if with the conventional sampling technology, take decades for the industry to reach. The concept has been demonstrated, through simulations, using real-world measurements. Realistic channel estimation is also considered.
Extended Lymph-Node Dissection for Gastric Cancer (1999)

Our results in Dutch patients do not support the routine use of D2 lymph-node dissection in patients with gastric cancer.
Maleic- and fumaric-diamides of (O,O-diacetyl)-L-Dopa-methylester as anti-Parkinson prodrugs in liposomal formulation (2006)

The maleic and fumaric diamides preparation of (O,O-diacetyl)-L-Dopa-methylester [(+)-4, (+)-5] are reported; they were synthesized in order to attenuate marked fluctuations of L-DOPA (LD) plasma levels and to overcome the problem of low bioavailability of LD. The new compounds were characterized evaluating solubility, chemical stability, apparent partition coefficient (log P) and comparing neostriatum dopamine (DA) levels in freely moving rats after i.p. administration of prodrugs [(+)-4, (+)-5] with prodrugs in liposomal formulations [(+)-4Lip, (+)-5Lip]. All the new compounds showed chemical stability in aqueous buffer solutions (pH 1.3 and 7.4). A relatively slow release of LD in human plasma was observed. Among the studied products, prodrug was able to induce sustained delivery of DA in rat striatal dialysate with respect to equimolar i.p admistration of LD. Furthermore, neostriatum DA concentration after administration of the synthesized prodrugs vs. prodrugs in liposomal formulations was compared (+)-4Lip, (+)-5Lip). The results suggest that cis dimeric prodrug (+)-4 and (+)-4Lip can improve the release of DA in rat brain and demonstrate the potential of these formulations for controlled delivery of antiparkinson agents.
Highly specific unnatural base pair systems as a third base pair for PCR amplification (2011)

Toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet of DNA, we present highly efficient unnatural base pair systems as an artificial third base pair for PCR. Hydrophobic unnatural base pair systems between 7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds) and 2-nitro-4-propynylpyrrole (Px) were fine-tuned for efficient PCR, by assessing the amplification efficiency and fidelity using different polymerases and template sequence contexts and modified Px bases. Then, we found that some modifications of the Px base reduced the misincorporation rate of the unnatural base substrates opposite the natural bases in templates without reducing the Ds-Px pairing selectivity. Under optimized conditions using Deep Vent DNA polymerase, the misincorporation rate was extremely low (0.005%/bp/replication), which is close to that of the natural base mispairings by the polymerase. DNA fragments with different sequence contexts were amplified ∼10(10)-fold by 40 cycles of PCR, and the selectivity of the Ds-Px pairing was >99.9%/replication, except for 99.77%/replication for unfavorable purine-Ds-purine motifs. Furthermore, >97% of the Ds-Px pair in DNA survived in the 10(28)-fold amplified products after 100-cycle PCR (10 cycles repeated 10 times). This highly specific Ds-Px pair system provides a framework for new biotechnology.
Properties of Sm^3+ ions in fluorozirconate fiber (1997)

The spectroscopic properties of Sm3 + ions in fluorozirconate fiber are presented. We found that our results were not in full agreement with previous research on Sm3 +doped silica. We observed that the visible emission bands have a relative strength closer to unity, and we measured a fluorescence lifetime that is three times longer than previously reported. The implications of these findings on the role of Sm3 + in zirconium barium fluoride glass and on the operation of Sm3 + doped fiber devices are discussed.
Time Code Error Correction Utilizing a Microprocessor (1979)

By correlating longitudinal time code and control track (or tach) videotape, positional errors are virtually eliminated in the editing system described here. A Motorola MC6802 microprocessor, hardware, and software are used. The method has been shown to be more practical and economical than other methods such as vertical interval time code.
Optical Fiber Sensor Technology (1982)

The current state of the art of optical fiber sensors is reviewed. The principles of operation are detailed and the various types of fiber sensors are outlined. Achievable performance and limitations are discussed and a description of technology used to fabricate the sensor is presented. The characteristics of acoustic, magnetic, gyro, laser diode, and other sensors are described. Trends in the development of this sensor technology and expected application areas are briefly outlined.
Expression and characterization of TCA3: a murine inflammatory protein. (1990)

TCA3 is a cDNA originally isolated from activated T cells. Transcription of this gene has been shown to correlate with Ag-induced cellular activation of both T cells and mast cells. Based on the predicted amino acid sequence encoded by the cDNA, we previously proposed that TCA3 represents a cytokine. In this report we have used rDNA technology to express TCA3 in two mammalian cell lines. In both cases, TCA3 was expressed as a secreted molecule with an apparent molecular mass of 16 kDa. Digestion of the (rTCA3) with the enzyme N-glycanase revealed that approximately 8 kDa is caused by N-linked glycosylation. Intradermal injection of rTCA3 into mouse footpads resulted in a rapid swelling response. The sites of injection were characterized histologically by a local accumulation of neutrophils. These findings are discussed with particular attention to a family of related proteins, some of whose members also have inflammatory properties.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN GENE THERAPY (1999)

The origins, evolution and directions of human gene therapy retroviral vectors lentiviral vectors structure and genetic organization of adenovirus vectors adenovirus vectors strategies to adapt adenoviral vectors for gene therapy applications - targeting and integration adeno-associated viral vectors gene-transfer tool - herpes simplex virus vectors emerging viral vectors advances in synthetic gene-delivery system techology receptor-mediated gene delivery strategies naked DNA gene transfer in mammalian cells delivery systems and adjuvants for DNA vaccines targets for gene therapy the haemotopoietic system as a target for gene therapy cancer immunotherapy gene transfer and stem-cell transplantation suicide genes - gene therapy applications using enzyme/prodrug strategies the logic of anti-angiogenic gene therapy apoptosis as a goal of cancer gene therapy advances in gene therapy for HIV and other viral infections progress toward gene therapy for nervous system diseases targeted gene repair in mammalian cells using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides human gene therapy - public policy and regulatory issues ethical issues in human gene transfer research.
Awakening Immunity (2010)

The elimination of specific stromal cells allows the immune system to suppress the growth of solid malignant tumors.
FeCl2-catalyzed hydroboration of aryl alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (2015)

Alkylboronates were synthesized by a ligand-free ferrous chloride catalyzed <italic>anti</italic>-Markovnikov hydroboration of un-activated aryl alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron.