gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective activation of the versican promoter by epithelial– mesenchymal interactions during hair follicle development (1999)

Interaction between the epithelium and the mesenchyme is an essential feature of organogenesis, including hair follicle formation. The dermal papilla (DP), a dense aggregate of specialized dermis-derived stromal cells located at the bottom of the follicle, is a major component of hair that signals the follicular epithelial cells to prolong the hair growth process. However, little is known about DP-specific gene activation with regard to hair induction. In this study we demonstrate that a short fragment (839 bp) of the human versican (a core protein of one of the matrix chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans) promoter is sufficient to activate lacZ reporter gene expression in the DP of postnatal transgenic mice and also in the condensed mesenchyme (the origin of the DP) beneath the hair placode during hair follicle embryogenesis. Using the same versican promoter with green fluorescent protein (GFP), large numbers of fresh pelage DP cells were isolated from newborn transgenic skin by high-speed cell sorting. These GFP-positive DP cells showed abundant versican mRNA, confirming that the reporter molecules reflected endogenous versican gene expression. These sorted GFP-positive cells showed DP-like morphology in culture, but both GFP and versican expression was lost during primary culture. In vivo hair growth assays showed that GFP-positive cells could induce hair when grafted with epithelial cells, whereas GFP-negative cells grafted with epithelium or GFP-positive cells alone did not. These results suggest that versican may play an essential role both in mesenchymal condensation and in hair induction.
Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium lactis reveals relatedness at the subspecies level: reclassification of Bifidobacterium animalis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. and Bifidobacterium lactis as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov. (2004)

The taxonomic standing of Bifidobacterium lactis and Bifidobacterium animalis was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Sixteen representatives of both taxa were found to be phenotypically similar and shared more than 70% DNA-DNA relatedness (76-100%), which reinforces the conclusions of previous studies in which B. lactis and B. animalis were considered to be one single species. However, the results of protein profiling, BOX-PCR fingerprinting, Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (FAFLP), and atpD and groEL gene sequence analysis demonstrate that representatives of B. animalis and B. lactis constitute two clearly separated subgroups; this subdivision was also phenotypically supported based on the ability to grow in milk. Given the fact that B. lactis Meile et al. 1997 has to be considered as a junior synonym of B. animalis (Mitsuoka 1969) Scardovi and Trovatelli 1974, our data indicate that the latter species should be split into two new subspecies, i.e. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis subsp. nov. (type strain R101-8T=LMG 10508T=ATCC 25527T=DSM 20104T=JCM 1190T) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis subsp. nov. (type strain UR1T=LMG 18314T=DSM 10140T=JCM 10602T).
Seeding of epithelial cells into circulation during surgery for breast cancer: the fate of malignant and benign mobilized cells (2006)

Frequently before but regularly during surgery of breast cancer, epithelial cells are mobilized into circulation. Part of these cells, most probably normal or apoptotic cells, are cleared from the circulation as also shown to occur in benign conditions. After resection even if complete and of small tumors, cells can remain in the circulation over long times. Such cells may remain "dormant" but might settle and grow into metastases, if they find appropriate conditions, even after years.
Synthesis of a phthalocyanine 2D covalent organic framework (2013)

A new two-dimensional cobalt based phthalocyanine covalent organic framework (CoPc-BPDA COF) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. CoPc-BPDA COF exhibits a high surface area (SBET = 1087 m2 g−1), and it can store up to 1.2 wt% of hydrogen at 77 K and 1 bar.
Bonding Self-Assembled, Compact Organophosphonate Monolayers to the Native Oxide Surface of Silicon (2003)

A new method is described to prepare strongly bonded, compact monolayer films of alkyl- or arylphosphonates on the native oxide surface of Si (SiO(2)/Si). This method is illustrated for octadecyl- and alpha-quarterthiophene-2-phosphonates. For both cases, AFM shows comprehensive coverage of the SiO(2)/Si surface. The thickness of the continuous film of 4TP/SiO(2)/Si was measured both by AFM and by X-ray reflectivity to be ca. 18 A. Direct gravimetric analysis shows surface coverage by alpha-quarterthiophene-2-phosphonate to be about 0.66 nmol/cm(2), which corresponds to molecular packing in the film close to that of crystalline alpha-quarterthiophene. Coverage by octadecylphosphonate was ca. 0.90 nmol/cm(2), corresponding to a cross-sectional area of about 18.5 A(2)/molecule, consistent with close-packed alkyl chains.
Saving energy with architectural and frequency adaptations for multimedia applications (2001)

General-purpose processors are expected to be increasingly employed for multimedia workloads on systems where reducing energy consumption is an important goal. Researchers have proposed the use of two forms of hardware adaptation - architectural adaptation and dynamic voltage (and frequency) scaling or DVS - to reduce energy. This paper develops and evaluates an integrated algorithm to control both architectural adaptation and DVS targeted to multimedia applications. It also examines the interaction between the two forms of adaptation, identifying when each will perform better in isolation and when the addition of architectural adaptation will benefit DVS. Our adaptation control algorithm is effective in saving energy and exploits most of the available potential. For the applications and systems studied, DVS is consistently better than architectural adaptation in isolation. The addition of architectural adaptation to DVS benefits some applications, but not all. Finally, in a seemingly counter-intuitive result, we find that while less aggressive architectures reduce energy for fixed frequency hardware, with DVS, more aggressive architectures are often more energy efficient.
Broadband optoelectronic wafer probing (2002)

Optoelectronic S-parameter measurements offer the bandwidth needed to characterize today's state-of-the-art transistors, but have not yet achieved the throughput or accuracy provided by a vector network analyzer with microwave probes. In this paper, we discuss a new approach in which movable optoelectronic probes, calibrated by testing simple standard devices, are stepped around the wafer to provide accurate, high-throughput S-parameter measurements. Sub-picosecond laser pulses drive photoconductive switches on the probe tips, to generate electrical stimulus pulses and define sampling intervals, and signals are transferred to and from the wafer under test by coplanar waveguide transmission lines and plated contact bumps. The probes provide electrical pulses as short as 3 psec (FWHM), while maintaining a broadband 50 ohm termination to ensure stability of the device under test. Since probe flexure under contact significantly disturbs alignment of free-space beams, fiber-optic input is used to improve reproducibility. Analysis by vector error correction in the frequency domain removes systematic errors and separates the incident and reflected pulses without subjective time-window gating. We have demonstrated precise measurement of the complex reflection coefficient S/sub 11/ at frequencies up to 175 GHz. Noise simulations have been performed to investigate the effect of various system parameters on the measurement uncertainty and useful bandwidth for S-parameter tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ELPylated anti‐human TNF therapeutic single‐domain antibodies for prevention of lethal septic shock (2010)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in multiple inflammatory diseases. The detrimental activity of TNF can be blocked by various antagonists, and commercial therapeutics based upon this principle have been approved for treatment of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. In a search for new, improved anti-inflammatory therapeutics we have designed a single-domain monoclonal antibody (V(H) H), which recognizes TNF. The antibody component (TNF-V(H) H) is based upon an anti-human TNF Camelidae heavy-chain monoclonal antibody, which was linked to an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). We demonstrate that ELP fusion to the TNF-V(H) H enhances accumulation of the fusion protein during biomanufacturing in transgenic tobacco plants. With this study, we show for the first time that this plant-derived anti-human TNF-V(H) H antibody was biologically active in vivo. Therefore, therapeutic application of TNF-V(H) H-ELP fusion protein was tested in humanized TNF mice and was shown to be effective in preventing death caused by septic shock. The in vivo persistence of the ELPylated antibody was ∼24 fold longer than that of non-ELPylated TNF-V(H) H.
An intelligent user interface to an image database using a figure interpretation method (2002)

A retrieval interface for image database systems that features figure interpretation functions is presented. System configuration and features are discussed. Examples of retrieval operations are given, and the retrieval process is described. Data storage is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Indol-3yl-acetic Acid (1972)

Journal Article Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Indol-3yl-acetic Acid: III. PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A TRYPTAMINE-FORMING L-TRYPTOPHAN DBCARBOXYLASE FROM TOMATO SHOOTS Get access R. A. GIBSON, R. A. GIBSON Department of Biology, Carleton UniversityOttawa, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERALDINE BARRETT, GERALDINE BARRETT Department of Biology, Carleton UniversityOttawa, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. WIGHTMAN F. WIGHTMAN Department of Biology, Carleton UniversityOttawa, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 23, Issue 3, August 1972, Pages 775–786, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/23.3.775 Published: 01 August 1972 Article history Received: 21 July 1971 Published: 01 August 1972
Three novel genes of human T-lymphotropic virus type III: immune reactivity of their products with sera from acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. (1986)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III or lymphoadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In addition to the conventional retroviral genes involved in virus replication, namely, gag, pol, and env genes, DNA sequence analysis of HTLV-III genome predicted two additional open reading frames termed by us short open reading frame (sor) and 3' open reading frame (3' orf). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed another gene with transactivating function, termed tat. We have now structurally identified and functionally characterized these HTLV-III specific genes by way of cDNA cloning. DNA sequence analysis of the clones shows that the tat and 3' orf genes contain three exons and their transcription into functional mRNA involves two splicing events and that the sor gene contains at least two exons. In vitro transcription and translation of the cloned spliced sequences show that the sor, tat, and 3' orf genes code for polypeptides with apparent mobility of 24-25 kDa, 14-15 kDa, and 26-28 kDa, respectively. All three polypeptides are immune reactive and are immunogenic in the natural host. The results demonstrate that the three extra open reading frames of HTLV-III, two of which are unique to HTLV-III, are in fact genes that function in vivo and further allow the identification of three new and previously unrecognized HTLV-III antigens with differential immunogenicity in individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related disorders.
Whole Transcriptome Amplification for Gene Expression Profiling and Development of Molecular Archives (2006)

Expression profiling of clinically obtainable tumor specimens has been hindered by the need for microgram quantities of RNA. In vitro transcription (IVT)-based amplifications are most commonly used to amplify small quantities of RNA for microarray analysis. However, significant drawbacks exist with IVT-based amplification, and the need for alternative amplification methods remains. Herein, we validate whole transcriptome amplification (WTA), an exponential amplification technique that produces cDNA libraries and amplified target in 3 to 4 hours from nanogram quantities of total RNA using a combination of cDNA microarrays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We demonstrate that WTA material can serve as a "molecular archive" because a WTA cDNA library can be faithfully amplified through multiple rounds of PCR amplification, allowing it to serve as a bankable and distributable resource. To demonstrate applicability, WTA was combined with laser capture microdissection to profile frozen prostate tissues. Unlike most IVT-based and exponential amplification techniques, WTA does not depend on the presence of a poly-A tail. Thus, we demonstrate that WTA is compatible with artificially degraded RNA and RNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Taken together, WTA represents a versatile approach to profile and archive cDNA from minute tumor samples and is compatible with partially degraded RNA.
Molecular imaging of homodimeric protein–protein interactions in living subjects (2004)

Homodimeric protein interactions are potent regulators of cellular functions, but are particularly challenging to study in vivo. We used a split synthetic renilla luciferase (hRLUC) complementation-based bioluminescence assay to study homodimerization of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) in mammalian cells and in living mice. We quantified and imaged homodimerization of TK chimeras containing N-terminal (N-hRLUC) or C-terminal (C-hRLUC) fragments of hRLUC in the upstream and downstream positions, respectively (tail-to-head homodimer). This was monitored using luminometry (68-fold increase, and was significantly [P<0.01] above background light emission) and by CCD camera imaging of living mice implanted with ex vivo transfected 293T cells (2.7-fold increase, and is significantly [P<0.01] above background light emission). We also made a mutant-TK to generate N-hRLUC mutant TK and mutant TK-C-hRLUC by changing a single amino acid at position 318 from arginine to cysteine, a key site that has previously been reported to be essential for TK homo-dimerization, to support the specificity of the hRLUC complementation signal from TK homodimerization. Ex vivo substrate (8-3H Penciclovir) accumulation assays in 293T cells expressing the TK protein chimeras showed active TK enzyme. We also devised an experimental strategy by constructing variant TK chimeras (possessing extra N-hRLUC or C-hRLUC 'spacers') to monitor incremental lack of association of the tail-to-head TK homodimer. Application of this potentially generalizable assay to screen for molecules that promote or disrupt ubiquitous homodimeric protein-protein interactions could serve not only as an invaluable tool to understand biological networks but could also be applied to drug discovery and validation in living subjects.
The Origins of Alzheimer Disease (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Synthesis of regioregular poly(methyl pyridinium vinylene): An isoelectronic analogue to poly(phenylene vinylene) (1995)

Poly(phenylene vinylene), PPV , and its derivatives have generated much interest due to their high conductivity and electroluminescent properties which allow for LED applications. Highly electron‐deficient PPV analogues are desirable as they would allow the use of environmentally stable metals as the electrodes in the LEDs. The title compound (see Figure) is just such as material. magnified image
Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance (2001)

Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance provides practical information on surface treatments and how to optimize them for specific corrosion and wear applications. It reviews the basic principles of corrosion, friction, and wear, discussing the causes, effects, types, and testing methods. It describes more than 50 surface engineering techniques, including those that alter the metallurgy of the surface, those that change the surface chemistry, and those that add a layer or coating to the surface. A separate chapter compares and contrasts the various processes, providing dozens of tables and figures to illustrate differences in surface treatment thickness and hardness ranges, abrasion and corrosion resistance, processing times and temperatures, distortion tendencies, costs, and other factors. The final chapter presents design guidelines for matching surface treatments to specific applications and service conditions. For information on the print version, ISBN: 978-0-87170-700-0, follow this link.
The role of sentinel lymph node mapping in staging of colon and rectal cancer (2001)

Application of the sentinel lymph node technique to colon cancer may make it easier to identify lymph nodes most likely to contain metastatic disease, potentially "down-staging" more patients. This may have implications in postoperative care.
Morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: DNA-gp3 intermediate in in vivo and in vitro assembly (1982)

The assembly of phage phi 29 occurs by a single pathway, and DNA-protein (DNA-gp3) has been shown to be an intermediate on the assembly pathway by a highly efficient in vitro complementation. At 30 degrees C, about one-half of the viral DNA synthesized was assembled into mature phage, and the absolute plating efficiency of phi 29 approached unity. DNA packaging at 45 degrees C was comparable to that at 30 degrees C, but the burst size was reduced by one-third. When cells infected with mutant ts3(132) at 30 degrees C to permit DNA synthesis were shifted to 45 degrees C before phage assembly, DNA synthesis ceased and no phage were produced. However, a variable amount of DNA packaging occurred. Superinfection by wild-type phage reinitiated ts3(132) DNA synthesis at 45 degrees C, and if native gp3 was covalently linked to this DNA during superinfection replication, it was effectively packaged and assembled. Treatment of the DNA-gp3 complex with trypsin prevented in vitro maturation of phi 29, although substantial DNA packaging occurred. A functional gp3 linked to the 5' termini of phi 29 DNA is a requirement for effective phage assembly in vivo and in vitro.
Transition metal silicides in silicon technology (1993)

Studies of the properties and characteristics of transition metal silicides have been stimulated by their (potential) use in integrated circuit technology. This review describes some of the most recent studies in this field of research. Formation mechanisms of silicides are discussed in some detail. A division is made between near-noble and refractory metal silicidation which aids in the understanding of differences in formation mechanisms of the various silicides. The evolution of the components of thin film stress during metal silicidation is also elucidated. In the review of the practical uses of these materials, emphasis is placed on specific processes involving laterally confined (self-aligned) silicide film formation as more advanced applications require film formation only in certain localized regions on a Si wafer.
The active site substrate specificity of protein kinase C. (1994)

The active site substrate specificity of protein kinase C (PKC) has been evaluated. Like the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), PKC will efficiently phosphorylate achiral residues attached to an active site-directed peptide. In contrast, PKC exhibits behavior that is dramatically different from PKA with respect to the phosphorylation of alpha-substituted alcohols. Although PKA will only phosphorylate residues that contain the same stereochemistry as that found in L-serine, PKC will phosphorylate alpha-configurational isomers that correspond to both the L- and D-stereoisomers. The possible structural basis for the "dual specificity" of PKC is explored. In an analogous vein, although beta-substituted alcohols that serve as PKA substrates must contain the same stereochemistry as that present in L-threonine, PKC will phosphorylate configurational isomers which correspond to both L-threonine and L-allo-threonine. The implications of these observations with respect to protein kinase inhibitor design are discussed.
The Acquisition of Autonomic Control Through Biofeedback: The Case Against an Afferent Process and a Two‐Process Alternative (1981)

ABSTRACT Brener has proposed a general theory of the development of voluntary control which offers as its focus an account of the process underlying the acquisition of control over autonomic responses. This account views the acquisition process as consequent to the development of the subject's ability to discriminate afferentation related to the response state to be produced and to his formulating an appropriate response image on the basis of this afferentation. The paper begins with an extensive review of biofeedback studies pertinent to the theory. This review yields little convincing evidence for Brener's views. Selected studies on the performance and the acquisition of motor skills and on the nature of the image are then examined. These suggest that the development of control of a response may rely primarily on efferent processes, with afferent processes playing, at most, a secondary role. A two‐process theory of the acquisition of autonomic control is then presented. The theory proposes that, in most instances, biofeedback training leads to autonomic control through a process consisting primarily in the identification of efferent behavioural programmes already within the subject's repertoire. The theory further proposes that an afferent acquisition process such as postulated by Brener may also underlie the development of autonomic control, but only under conditions where behavioural programmes effective in controlling the target response are either unavailable or inaccessible to the subject.