gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Sulfonyl 1,3-Dienes in Organic Synthesis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Use of Sulfonyl 1,3-Dienes in Organic SynthesisJan-E. Bäckvall, Rafael Chinchilla, Carmen Nájera, and Miguel YusView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 6, 2291–2312Publication Date (Web):September 5, 1998Publication History Received4 March 1998Revised15 June 1998Published online5 September 1998Published inissue 24 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970326zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970326zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2066Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Anions,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Cyclization,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Microfluidic Systems for Integrated, High-Throughput DNA Analysis (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTMicrofluidic Systems for Integrated, High-Throughput DNA AnalysisRyan T. Kelly and Adam T. WoolleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5, 96 A–102 APublication Date (Web):March 1, 2005Publication History Published online1 March 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0533467https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0533467newsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (412 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Fluid dynamics,Genetics Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 2'(R)-substituted neplanocin A's (nucleosides and nucleotides. XXXVII). (1981)

Neplanocin A (I) was treated with 1, 3-dichloro-1, 1, 3, 3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane to give 3', 5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1, 3-diyl) neplanocin A (II), which was converted to the 2'-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl derivative (III). Nucleophilic substitution of III with a number of nucleophiles (AcO-, AcS-, N3-, Cl-, Br-, I-) in hexamethylphosphoric triamide afforded the respective 2' (R)-substituted derivatives in high yield. The halogenated derivatives were reduced with tri-n-butyltin hydride to the 2'-deoxy compound. 2'-O-Thiocarbonylimidazoyl-3', 5'-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1, 3-diyl) neplanocin A was also reduced to the 2'-deoxy derivative. The deprotection of the bifunctional silyl group with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride afforded 2' (R)-AcO, -AcS, -N3, -Cl, -Br, -I, and 2'-deoxy neplanocin A's, respectively. Physical data of these compounds including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrum, and circular dichroism were given.
Structure, microstructure and physical properties of ZnO based materials in various forms: bulk, thin film and nano (2007)

ZnO is a unique material that offers about a dozen different application possibilities. In spite of the fact that the ZnO lattice is amenable to metal ion doping (3d and 4f), the physics of doping in ZnO is not completely understood. This paper presents a review of previous research works on ZnO and also highlights results of our research activities on ZnO. The review pertains to the work on Al and Mg doping for conductivity and band gap tuning in ZnO followed by a report on transition metal (TM) ion doped ZnO. This review also highlights the work on the transport and optical studies of TM ion doped ZnO, nanostructured growth (ZnO polycrystalline and thin films) by different methods and the formation of unique nano- and microstructures obtained by pulsed laser deposition and chemical methods. This is followed by results on ZnO encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles that show promising trends suitable for various applications. We have also reviewed the non-linear characteristic studies of ZnO based heterostructures followed by an analysis on the work carried out on ZnO based phosphors, which include mainly the nanocrystalline ZnO encapsulated SiO2 ,an ew class of phosphor that is suitable for white light emission. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Improvement on the Digit Recognition Technique of Backpropagation Neural Networks (2003)

Digit recognition based on backpropagation neural networks, as an important application of pattern recognition, attracted much attention. Although it has the advantages of parallel calculation, high error-tolerance, and learning capability, better recognition effects can only be achieved with some specific fixed format inputs of the digit image. Moreover, the recognition rate can not be improved obviously even if digits were trained with various format samples. This is because the accuracy of recognition is also directly affected by the digit image preprocessing ability. Here using Matlab software, the digit image was enhanced by resizing and neutral-rotating the extracted digit image before recognition, which improved the digit recognition capability of the backpropagation neural network for practical applications. This method may also be helpful for recognition of other complex patterns with backpropagation neural networks.
Seeker gyro calibration via model-based fusion of visual and inertial data (2007)

Vision-guided autonomous platforms require inertial stabilization of the imaging sensor. This is typically achieved by using a gimbaled system with inertial rate sensors, such as gyros. Using low-cost gyros requires estimation of their error parameters, such as bias and scale-factor. This paper presents a motion model-based method for robust estimation of these parameters via fusing the inertial measurements with the imaging sensor's data. Using the camera motion model renders the estimator more robust to image noise and feature point extraction and tracking errors. Using a 2-D motion field of the feature points on the image sequence, a novel constraint is derived, which couples this field with the velocity and rotation of the camera. Introducing this constraint as an implicit measurement model, together with the motion model of the camera, into the implicit extended Kalman filter, yields a robust recursive estimator of the gyro error parameters, that is independent of the scene's structure.
Spectrally resolved bioluminescence optical tomography (2006)

Spectrally resolved bioluminescence optical tomography is an approach to recover images of luciferase activity within a volume using multiwavelength emission data from internal bioluminescence sources. The underlying problem of uniqueness associated with nonspectrally resolved intensity-based bioluminescence tomography is highlighted. Reconstructed images of bioluminescence are presented by using as input both simulated and real multiwavelength data from a tissue-simulating phantom. The location of the internal bioluminescence is obtained with 1 mm accuracy. Further, the amplitude of the reconstructed source is proportional to the actual bioluminescence intensity.
Evolving strategies for making physical maps of mammalian chromosomes (1989)

Two types of physical maps are described: restriction maps made by top down approaches using enzymes that cut the genome infrequently, and complete libraries, made by bottom up approaches using fingerprinting of randomly selected cloned DNA. Construction of such maps for mammalian chromosomes is complicated by the mosaic nature of mammalian genomes, and extensive polymorphisms at the cleavage sites of most enzymes that yield large DNA fragments. However, it appears that both of these potential difficulties can be turned into advantages by new mapping strategies. When combined with yeast artificial chromosome cloning and polymerase chain reaction amplification methods, these approaches should soon yield complete maps of many human chromosomes.
PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from meat and dairy products. Evidence for new variants of seG and seI in S. aureus AB-8802 (2004)

During this study it was shown that at least five different egc may exist in S. aureus. A thorough study of egc polymorphism should provide further insight into the phylogenetics of the egc.
Antibody‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy: A review (1995)

Abstract Many of the limitations of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and of attempts to achieve selectivity using antibody vectors can be overcome by a 2 or 3 stage prodrug system. An antibody vectors to tumour sites an enzyme that is not normally present in human extracellular fluids. The tumour located enzyme activates a subsequently administered prodrug. As with other antibody based systems the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the antibody‐enzyme conjugate are critical elements. In contrast to antibody drug conjugates and radiolabelled antibodies, an enzyme can be inactivated in non‐tumour tissues, or subjected to rapid clearance, without toxic effects, which allows high tumour to normal tissue ratios to be achieved. Enzymes conjugated to antibodies increase the problem of immunogenicity and require either the use of immunosuppressive agents, or the development of non‐immunogenic catalysts. A small scale pilot clinical trial has shown the general feasibility of the approach. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of interleukin-1 receptor expression and interleukin-1 response in fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor. (1988)

Our studies have revealed that the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors and response in BALB/c/3T3 fibroblasts are modulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Incubation of quiescent cultures of BALB/c/3T3 fibroblasts with PDGF resulted in 4-5 fold higher 125I-IL-1 binding than the untreated cultures. Scatchard analysis showed that the increased 125I-IL-1 binding by PDGF-treated cells was due to a net increase in cell surface IL-1 receptors with no apparent change in binding affinity. The PDGF-induced increase of 125I-IL-1 binding was blocked by inhibitors of transcription, suggesting that a transcriptional event, perhaps a de novo synthesis of IL-1 receptors, is required for PDGF response. In a culture medium depleted of serum factors, IL-1 alone produced only a marginal (40-50%) increase in DNA synthesis in BALB/c/3T3 cells. In cells first exposed to PDGF, IL-1 produced 8-10-fold higher DNA synthesis than the controls. These findings provide evidence that IL-1 action in fibroblast may be regulated at the level of receptor expression.
Bromodomain 4 protein is a predictor of survival for urothelial carcinoma of bladder. (2014)

These results suggest that the aberrant expression of BRD4 in human UCB is possibly involved in the tumorigenesis and development, and the BRD4 protein could act as a potential biomarker for prognosis assessment of bladder cancer. Further studies on the cellular functions of BRD4 need to address these issues.
DART: Noise Injection for Robust Imitation Learning (2017)

One approach to Imitation Learning is Behavior Cloning, in which a robot observes a supervisor and infers a control policy. A known problem with this "off-policy" approach is that the robot's errors compound when drifting away from the supervisor's demonstrations. On-policy, techniques alleviate this by iteratively collecting corrective actions for the current robot policy. However, these techniques can be tedious for human supervisors, add significant computation burden, and may visit dangerous states during training. We propose an off-policy approach that injects noise into the supervisor's policy while demonstrating. This forces the supervisor to demonstrate how to recover from errors. We propose a new algorithm, DART (Disturbances for Augmenting Robot Trajectories), that collects demonstrations with injected noise, and optimizes the noise level to approximate the error of the robot's trained policy during data collection. We compare DART with DAgger and Behavior Cloning in two domains: in simulation with an algorithmic supervisor on the MuJoCo tasks (Walker, Humanoid, Hopper, Half-Cheetah) and in physical experiments with human supervisors training a Toyota HSR robot to perform grasping in clutter. For high dimensional tasks like Humanoid, DART can be up to $3x$ faster in computation time and only decreases the supervisor's cumulative reward by $5\%$ during training, whereas DAgger executes policies that have $80\%$ less cumulative reward than the supervisor. On the grasping in clutter task, DART obtains on average a $62\%$ performance increase over Behavior Cloning.
Probiotic Spectra of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (1999)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their probio-active cellular substances exert many beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. LAB prevent adherence, establishment, and replication of several enteric mucosal pathogens through several antimicrobial mechanisms. LAB also release various enzymes into the intestinal lumen and exert potential synergistic effects on digestion and alleviate symptoms of intestinal malabsoption. Consumption of LAB fermented dairy products with LAB may elicit antitumor effects. These effects are attributed to the inhibition of mutagenic activity; decrease in several enzymes implicated in the generation of carcinogens, mutagens, or tumor-promoting agents; suppression of tumors; and the epidemiology correlating dietary regimes and cancer. Specific cellular components in LAB strains seem to induce strong adjuvant effects including modulation of cell-mediated immune responses, activation of reticuloendothelial system, augmentation of cytokine pathways and regulation of interleukins, and tumor necrosis factors. Oral administration of LAB is well tolerated and proven to be safe in 143 human clinical trials and no adverse effects were reported in any of the total 7,526 subjects studied during 1961-1998. In an effort to decrease the reliance on synthetic antimicrobials and control the emerging immunocompromised host population, the time has come to carefully explore the prophylactic and therapeutic applications of probiotic LAB.
Data exchange with data-metadata translations (2008)

Data exchange is the process of converting an instance of one schema into an instance of a different schema according to a given specification. Recent data exchange systems have largely dealt with the case where the schemas are given a priori and transformations can only migrate data from the first schema to an instance of the second schema. In particular, the ability to perform data-metadata translations , transformation in which data is converted into metadata or metadata is converted into data, is largely ignored. This paper provides a systematic study of the data exchange problem with data-metadata translation capabilities. We describe the problem, our solution, implementation and experiments. Our solution is a principled and systematic extension of the existing data exchange framework; all the way from the constructs required in the visual interface to specify data-metadata correspondences, which naturally extend the traditional value correspondences, to constructs required for the mapping language to specify data-metadata translations, and algorithms required for generating mappings and queries that perform the exchange.
PROGRESSIVE ENLARGEMENT OF SCATTERED PHOTOCOAGULATION SCARS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (2004)

Laser photocoagulation causes relentless expansion of laser scars over a long period. Laser scars enlarged more in the posterior pole. Lasers of a longer wavelength contributed to larger areas of chorioretinal atrophy.
Using the Process of Reactive Immunization to Induce Catalytic Antibodies with Complex Mechanisms: Aldolases. (1996)

The process of reactive immunization has been used to induce efficient aldolase catalytic antibodies that use the enamine mechanism of natural enzymes. Reactive immunogens are those that react chemically during induction of the immune response. This same reaction is used later in catalysis. In essence one immunizes with the equivalent of a mechanism-based inhibitor. The difference is that instead of inhibiting a mechanism, a mechanism is induced. This advance allows the experimenter to dictate the exact mechanism by which catalytic antibodies proceed. The hapten used in the present study is a 1,3-diketone that both traps the requisite lysine residue to initiate formation of the enamine and induces a binding pocket that overcomes the entropic barrier of this bimolecular reaction.
Mutations in the ras proto-oncogenes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. (1994)

Activation of the N- and K-ras proto-oncogenes is the most common molecular abnormality in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In retrospective studies, approximately 3-36% of MDS patients were reported to harbor a mutated ras proto-oncogene, with some series suggesting the presence of ras-mutations are associated with progressive disease and a poor prognosis. Since hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are currently used for therapy in MDS but may stimulate the proliferation of leukemic cells, we assessed the frequency and significance of ras mutations in 27 MDS patients, 15 of whom underwent G-CSF therapy. Patients were analyzed for the presence of mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the N- and K-ras proto-oncogenes. Only three patients (11%, two refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), one RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T)) harbored activated ras oncogenes with the mutations localized in N-ras codons 12 and 61. Patients were followed for periods of up to 4 years or until death supervened. Patients exhibiting ras mutations were no more likely to develop AML compared to ras-negative patients (1/3 vs. 10/24) or to have decreased survival (p = 0.64). These data indicate that, in this group of MDS patients, ras mutations do not appear to correlate with a poor prognosis, and do not adversely interact with exogenously administered G-CSF.
Unsupervised sentiment analysis with emotional signals (2013)

The explosion of social media services presents a great opportunity to understand the sentiment of the public via analyzing its large-scale and opinion-rich data. In social media, it is easy to amass vast quantities of unlabeled data, but very costly to obtain sentiment labels, which makes unsupervised sentiment analysis essential for various applications. It is challenging for traditional lexicon-based unsupervised methods due to the fact that expressions in social media are unstructured, informal, and fast-evolving. Emoticons and product ratings are examples of emotional signals that are associated with sentiments expressed in posts or words. Inspired by the wide availability of emotional signals in social media, we propose to study the problem of unsupervised sentiment analysis with emotional signals. In particular, we investigate whether the signals can potentially help sentiment analysis by providing a unified way to model two main categories of emotional signals, i.e., emotion indication and emotion correlation. We further incorporate the signals into an unsupervised learning framework for sentiment analysis. In the experiment, we compare the proposed framework with the state-of-the-art methods on two Twitter datasets and empirically evaluate our proposed framework to gain a deep understanding of the effects of emotional signals.
Alternative Cyclization in GFP-like Proteins Family (2001)

Anemonia sulcata purple protein (asFP595) belongs to a family of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like proteins from the Anthozoa species. Similar to GFP, asFP595 apparently forms its chromophore by modifying amino acids within its polypeptide chain. Until now, the GFP-like proteins from Anthozoa were thought to contain chromophores with the same imidazolidinone core as GFP. Mass spectral analysis of a chromophore-containing tryptic pentapeptide from asFP595 demonstrates that chromophore formation in asFP595 is stoichiometrically the same as that in GFP: one H(2)O and two H(+) are released while a Schiff base and dehydrotyrosine are formed. However, structural studies of this asFP595 chromopeptide show that in contrast to GFP, the other peptide bond nitrogen and carbonyl carbon are required for chromophore cyclization, a reaction that yields the six-membered heterocycle 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxy-2,5-dihydropyrazine. Spectrophotometric titration reveals three pH-dependent forms of the asFP595 chromopeptide: yellow (absorption maximum = 430 nm) at pH 3.0; red (absorption maximum = 535 nm) at pH 8.0; and colorless (absorption maximum = 380 nm) at pH 14.0. The pK(a) values for these spectral transitions (6.8 and 10.9) are consistent with the ionization of the phenolic group of dehydrotyrosine and deprotonation of the amidinium cation in the chromophore heterocycle, respectively. The amidinium group in asFP595 accounts for the unique absorption spectrum of the protein, which is substantially red-shifted relative to that of GFP. When the asFP595 chromophore cyclizes, the Cys-Met bond adjacent to the chromophore hydrolyzes, splitting the chromoprotein into 8- and 20-kDa fragments. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of a tryptic digest of denatured asFP595 shows that a pentapeptide with the cleaved Cys-Met bond is the only fragment associated with the red-shifted absorbance. These results imply that fragmentation of asFP595 is a critical step in protein maturation.