gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiphoton microscopy system with a compact fiber‐based femtosecond‐pulse laser and handheld probe (2010)

We report on the development of a compact multiphoton microscopy (MPM) system that integrates a compact and robust fiber laser with a miniature probe. The all normal dispersion fiber femtosecond laser has a central wavelength of 1.06 μm, pulse width of 125 fs and average power of more than 1 W. A double cladding photonic crystal fiber was used to deliver the excitation beam and to collect the two-photon signal. The hand-held probe included galvanometer-based mirror scanners, relay lenses and a focusing lens. The packaged probe had a diameter of 16 mm. Second harmonic generation (SHG) images and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) images of biological tissues were demonstrated using the system.
Effect ofBacillus subtilisCGMCC 1.1086 on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers (2015)

The effect of B. subtilis on growth performance of broilers was evaluated and the relationship between growth and caecal microbiota was revealed. The results of this study help to promote application of probiotics in poultry industry.
Fundamentals of Enzymology (1982)

Enzymes are biological catalysts that have a number of remarkable properties. This book builds on the previous two editions to show how we can understand these properties and explain how enzymes work in cells and organisms and how they can be clinically and commercially exploited.
Total variation and cheeger cuts (2010)

In this work, inspired by (Bühler &amp;amp; Hein, 2009), (Strang, 1983), and (Zhang et al., 2009), we give a continuous relaxation of the Cheeger cut problem on a weighted graph. Weshowthattherelaxationisactuallyequivalent to the original problem. We then describe an algorithmfor finding good cuts suggested by the similarities of the energy of the relaxed problem and various well studied energies in image processing. Finally we provide experimental validation of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating its efficiency in finding high quality cuts. 1.
Combining integrated genomics and functional genomics to dissect the biology of a cancer‐associated, aberrant transcription factor, the ASPSCR1–TFE3 fusion oncoprotein (2013)

Oncogenic rearrangements of the TFE3 transcription factor gene are found in two distinct human cancers. These include ASPSCR1-TFE3 in all cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) and ASPSCR1-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3 and others in a subset of paediatric and adult RCCs. Here we examined the functional properties of the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein, defined its target promoters on a genome-wide basis and performed a high-throughput RNA interference screen to identify which of its transcriptional targets contribute to cancer cell proliferation. We first confirmed that ASPSCR1-TFE3 has a predominantly nuclear localization and functions as a stronger transactivator than native TFE3. Genome-wide location analysis performed on the FU-UR-1 cell line, which expresses endogenous ASPSCR1-TFE3, identified 2193 genes bound by ASPSCR1-TFE3. Integration of these data with expression profiles of ASPS tumour samples and inducible cell lines expressing ASPSCR1-TFE3 defined a subset of 332 genes as putative up-regulated direct targets of ASPSCR1-TFE3, including MET (a previously known target gene) and 64 genes as down-regulated targets of ASPSCR1-TFE3. As validation of this approach to identify genuine ASPSCR1-TFE3 target genes, two up-regulated genes bound by ASPSCR1-TFE3, CYP17A1 and UPP1, were shown by multiple lines of evidence to be direct, endogenous targets of transactivation by ASPSCR1-TFE3. As the results indicated that ASPSCR1-TFE3 functions predominantly as a strong transcriptional activator, we hypothesized that a subset of its up-regulated direct targets mediate its oncogenic properties. We therefore chose 130 of these up-regulated direct target genes to study in high-throughput RNAi screens, using FU-UR-1 cells. In addition to MET, we provide evidence that 11 other ASPSCR1-TFE3 target genes contribute to the growth of ASPSCR1-TFE3-positive cells. Our data suggest new therapeutic possibilities for cancers driven by TFE3 fusions. More generally, this work establishes a combined integrated genomics/functional genomics strategy to dissect the biology of oncogenic, chimeric transcription factors.
Benefits from Treatment and Control of Patients with Resistant Hypertension (2010)

Resistant hypertension is commonly found in everyday clinical practice. However, the risks of resistant hypertension, as well as the benefits of treatment and control of blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension remain vaguely clarified. Data from small clinical studies and observational cohorts suggest that patients with resistant hypertension are at increased cardiovascular risk, while control of blood pressure offers substantial benefits. It has to be noted however that data from appropriate large randomized studies are missing, and resistant hypertension remains remarkably understudied. Resistant hypertension has attracted significant scientific interest lately, as new therapeutic modalities become available. The interventional management of resistant hypertension either by carotid baroreceptor stimulation or renal sympathetic denervation is currently under investigation with promising preliminary results. This review presents available evidence regarding the benefits of treatment and control of blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and offers a critical evaluation of existing data in this field.
Avirulence of rough mutants of Shigella flexneri: requirement of O antigen for correct unipolar localization of IcsA in the bacterial outer membrane (1995)

Mutations in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Shigella spp. result in attenuation of the bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo models of virulence, although the precise block in pathogenesis is not known. We isolated defined mutations in two genes, galU and rfe, which directly affect synthesis of the LPS of S. flexneri 2a, in order to determine more precisely the step in virulence at which LPS mutants are blocked. The galU and rfe mutants invaded HeLa cells but failed to generate the membrane protrusions (fireworks) characteristic of intracellular motility displayed by wild-type shigellae. Furthermore, the galU mutant was unable to form plaques on a confluent monolayer of eucaryotic cells and the rfe mutant generated only tiny plaques. These observations indicated that the mutants were blocked in their ability to spread from cell to cell. Western immunoblot analysis of expression of IcsA, the protein essential for intracellular motility and intercellular spread, demonstrated that both mutants synthesized IcsA, although they secreted less of the protein to the extracellular medium than did the wild-type parent. More strikingly, the LPS mutants showed aberrant surface localization of IcsA. Unlike the unipolar localization of IcsA seen in the wild-type parent, the galU mutant expressed the protein in a circumferential fashion. The rfe mutant had an intermediate phenotype in that it displayed some localization of IcsA at one pole while also showing diffuse localization around the bacterium. Given the known structures of the LPS of wild-type S. flexneri 2a, the rfe mutant, and the galU mutant, we hypothesize that the core and O-antigen components of LPS are critical elements in the correct unipolar localization of IcsA. These observations indicate a more precise role for LPS in Shigella pathogenesis.
Protein Kinase A as Target for Novel Integrated Strategies of Cancer Therapy (2002)

We have studied the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in neoplastic transformation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis and its relationship with other signaling molecules, as a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies. We demonstrated the involvement of PKA type I (PKA-I) in the transduction of mitogenic signals from different sources and demonstrated functional and structural interactions between PKA-I and the activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We contributed to the identification and development of several selective inhibitors of PKA-I, such as 8-Cl-cAMP and a hybrid DNA/RNA antisense oligonucleotide of a novel class (AS-PKA-I) and of EGFR, including mAbC225 and ZD1839 (Iressa). All these agents have been investigated in cancer patients. We demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the combined blockade of PKA-I and EGFR, reporting a synergistic antitumor effect when their inhibitors are used in combination. We have also shown that PKA-I and EGFR inhibitors are able to cooperate with selected class of cytotoxic drugs and with ionizing radiation, causing a synergistic inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by inhibition of expression of growth and angiogenic factors and by suppression of vessel production. Moreover, PKA-I is implicated in a bcl-2-dependent apoptotic pathway, and we have recently reported a cooperative antitumor and proapoptotic effect of AS-PKA-I in combination with an AS-bcl-2. Finally, we have shown that AS-PKA-I also has antitumor and antiangiogenic effects following oral administration and that they can be greatly enhanced in combination with oral ZD1839 and oral taxanes.
Pancreatic cancer cells express interleukin-13 and -4 receptors, and their growth is inhibited by Pseudomonas exotoxin coupled to interleukin-13 and -4. (1999)

IL-13 and -4 may act as mitogens toward pancreatic cancer cells by activating IL-4- and IL-13-receptors and IL-13- and IL-4-coupled toxins may ultimately have a role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Role of the p53 protein in cell proliferation as studied by microinjection of monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Two monoclonal antibodies against the p53 protein, PAb 122 and 200-47, were microinjected into mammalian cells as a probe to determine the role of the p53 protein in cell proliferation. PAb 122 recognizes the p53 proteins of mouse and human cells but not of hamster cells, whereas 200-47 recognizes the p53 proteins of mouse and hamster cells but not of human cells. The ability of these antibodies to inhibit serum-stimulated DNA synthesis of cells in culture correlates with their ability to recognize the species-specific antigenic determinants. More important, however, is the observation that microinjected PAb 122 inhibits the transition of Swiss 3T3 cells from G0 to S phase, but has no effect on the progression of these cells from mitosis to the S phase.
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to Listeria monocytogenes in rats decomplemented with cobra factor and in C5-deficient mice. (1981)

The in vivo effect of cobra factor (CoF), the complement-activating protein of cobra (Naja naja) venom, was investigated, using quantifiable assays for localization of labelled donor lymphoblasts and of host macrophages in intraperitoneal and subcutaneous sites of injection of antigens from Listeria monocytogenes. Both commercially available (Cordis) and highly purified CoF impaired these inflammatory responses, suggesting that the complement-activating protein was itself responsible rather than lymphocytotoxic or other contaminants. CoF had no measurable effect on lymphoblast localization during the first 7 hr, and only a slight effect at 24 hr, whereas macrophage accumulation was reduced by about 50% at 24 hr. This suggests that CoF treatment affected non-specific components of the early inflammatory reaction but had little or no effect on the subsequent immunospecific reaction. The effect of CoF on macrophages may be direct, or via depletion of complement components acting on macrophages, such as factor B and/or C3 or fragments thereof. It does not seem to involve the terminal complement components, C5--C9, since neither delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) nor cellular resistance to Listeria was reduced in C5-deficient mice when compared with C5-sufficient congenic controls.
Investigations into Operation of Single- and Multi-Layer Configurations of Planar Inverted-F Antenna (2007)

The paper presents a tradeoff analysis between single- and multi-layer (stacked) configurations of a planar inverted-F antenna (PFIA) of fixed overall height, with respect to achieving multi-band operation. The investigations focus on two bands, 800 to 1000 MHz and 1700 to 2600 MHz, which cover a frequency spectrum allocated to most of the present-day wireless systems operating below 2600 MHz. Folding and tapering of a conducting patch in the single-layer configuration, and increasing the number of conducting patches in the multi-layer layer (stacked) configuration, are used to achieve multi-band operation. The results obtained show that the stacked PIFA is able to generate many (four or more) bands within the investigated frequency spectrum. However, it faces difficulty in broadening them, as the coupling of upper plates to the ground is weakened by the presence of middle plates. At the same time, the tuning of one band adversely affects the other bands' performance. For the single-layer PIFA, the multi-band impedance characteristics are easier to adjust. A significant band widening can be obtained by proper arrangement of a conducting patch, and by introducing cuts or slits in the ground plane. In the designs presented, the antenna volume, measured by its outline, fell under 3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The resulting radiation efficiencies were 95% at the lower band (900 MHz), and 89% at the upper frequency range (2020 MHz).
(E)-3-(4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-propenoic acids, a new series of antiallergy agents (1983)

A series of substituted (E)-3-(4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-2-propenoic acids was prepared and evaluated in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test for antiallergic activity. Alkoxy, alkylthio, and isopropyl substituents at the 6- or 8-positions provided highly potent compounds. Conversion to the Z isomer, reduction of the side chain double bond, or reduction of the quinazoline ring resulted in substantial loss of activity. Among the analogues that exhibited oral activity in the PCA test, (E)-3-[6-(methylthio)-4-oxo-4H-quinazolin-3-yl]-2-propenoic acid (5i) was the most potent.
A data-oriented (and beyond) network architecture (2007)

The Internet has evolved greatly from its original incarnation. For instance, the vast majority of current Internet usage is data retrieval and service access, whereas the architecture was designed around host-to-host applications such as telnet and ftp. Moreover, the original Internet was a purely transparent carrier of packets, but now the various network stakeholders use middleboxes to improve security and accelerate applications. To adapt to these changes, we propose the Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA), which involves a clean-slate redesign of Internet naming and name resolution.
Polarographic Studies of Metal Complexes. V. The Cadmium(II), Zinc(II) and Iron(III) Citrates (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarographic Studies of Metal Complexes. V. The Cadmium(II), Zinc(II) and Iron(III) CitratesLouis MeitesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3727–3731Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01152a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mobile robot competitions: fostering advances in research, development and education in robotics (2000)

: Mobile robot competitions are events well suited to experimentation, research and development in many areas concerned with science and technology, ranging from material science to artificial intelligence. Aware of this fact, and for several years now, some Portuguese Universities have been involving some of their Engineering and Computer Science students in such contests, namely those of international level. The performance has been improving both in terms of the results and prizes obtained and the increasingly elaborate technical solutions developed by the teams. The importance recognised in these events has led the authors to submit to the Portuguese Government a proposal for an annual Festival of this kind in Portugal. This paper points out the advances in research, technology and education, which result from this type of events. Copyright CONTROLO 2000. Keywords: Mobile Robots, Robot Competition, Robotics in Education. 1. INTRODUCTION Robotics, especially in what conce...
APOE mRNA and protein expression in postmortem brain are modulated by an extended haplotype structure (2009)

Currently the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, inheritance of the APOE epsilon4 allele is not necessary or sufficient for the development of AD. Genetic evidence suggests that multiple loci in a 70 kb region surrounding APOE are associated with AD risk. Even though these loci could represent surrogate markers in linkage disequilibrium with APOE epsilon4 allele, they could also contribute biological effects independent of the APOE epsilon4 allele. Our previous study identified multiple SNPs upstream from APOE that are associated with cerebrospinal fluid apoE levels, suggesting that a haplotype structure proximal to APOE can influence apoE expression. In this study, we examined apoE expression in human post-mortem brain (PMB), and constructed chromosome-phase-separated haplotypes of the APOE proximal region to evaluate their effect on PMB apoE expression. ApoE protein expression was found to differ among AD brain regions and to differ between AD and control hippocampus. In addition, an extended APOE proximal haplotype structure, spanning from the TOMM40 gene to the APOE promoter, may modulate apoE expression in a brain region-specific manner and may influence AD disease status. In conclusion, this haplotype-phenotype analysis of apoE expression in PMB suggests that either; (1) the cis-regulation of APOE expression levels extends far upstream of the APOE promoter or (2) an APOE epsilon4 allele independent mechanism involving the TOMM40 gene plays a role in the risk of AD.
Reactions of 3,4-disubstituted 4-oxazolin-2-ones. III. Reaction of 3,4-diphenyl-4-oxazolin-2-one with organic nitrites (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 3,4-disubstituted 4-oxazolin-2-ones. III. Reaction of 3,4-diphenyl-4-oxazolin-2-one with organic nitritesA. Marsili, M. F. Saettone, and E. BucciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 7, 2884–2887Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01271a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01271a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A self-initiating eukaryotic transient gene expression system based on cotransfection of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and DNA vectors containing a T7 autogene (1994)

A novel cytoplasmic gene expression system has been developed. This system differs from other expression systems in that it relies on the co-delivery of plasmid DNA and T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) during transfection. The plasmid contains a T7 RNAP gene driven by the T7 promoter (T7 autogene) and a functional/reporter gene driven by another T7 promoter (T7T7/T7-gene construct). Once this DNA-enzyme complex is introduced into eukaryotic cells, the transcription of the T7 RNAP and the functional/reporter genes is initiated by the co-delivered T7 RNAP. The T7 RNAP, which is responsible for the initiation and maintenance of expression of both T7 and functional/reporter genes, is replenished by translation of newly synthesized T7 mRNA. This T7 system was designed in such a manner that the expression of the functional/reporter genes can occur in the cytoplasm and does not require any nuclear involvement. When transfected by either a pT7T7/T7Luc or a pT7T7/T7hGH plasmids with the cointroduced T7 RNAP, mouse L cells were found to express high levels of luciferase immediately after transfection, apparently due to the cytoplasmic gene expression; the expression of human growth hormone (hGH) could be sustained for at least 6 days. Both T7 and hGH mRNA were expressed by the cells transfected with pT7T7/T7hGH. These results suggest that this cytoplasmic expression system may be used for certain targets of somatic gene therapy.
Cellular Composition of the Nipple Aspirate Specimen of Breast Fluid: I. The Benign Cells (1975)

A nipple aspirator device was used to obtain breast secretions for cytologic examination, as well as for viral and biochemical analysis. Examination of the first 1,456 specimens from 796 women revealed ductal epithelium in 54%. Ductal epithelial cells were often absent in specimens from normal women; however, 78.5% of women with benign breast disease on tissue biopsy had specimens containing ductal epithelium. Apocrine metaplastic cells were a further indication of the presence of breast disease, and were rarely found in specimens from asymptomatic women. Foam cells were often abundant in specimens from normal breasts, but were found in decreased numbers in specimens from women benign breast disease. Differences in the occurrence of ductal epithelial cells, apocrine metaplastic cells, and foam cells suggest an alteration in the rate of maturation of ductal epithelium in women with both benign and malignant breast disease. The finding of a relative abundance of cells in nipple aspirate specimens from women with breast disease and few or no cells in specimens from women with normal breasts is believed to be of great importance in the cytologic evaluation of nipple aspirate specimens.