gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic Reconstitution in a Patient with Fanconi's Anemia by Means of Umbilical-Cord Blood from an HLA-Identical Sibling (1989)

The clinical manifestations of Fanconi’s anemia, an autosomal recessive disorder, include progressive pancytopenia, a predisposition to neoplasia, and nonhematopoietic developmental anomalies [1-3]. Hypersensitivity to the clastogenic effect of DNA-cross-linking agents such as diepoxybutane acts as a diagnostic indicator of the genotype of Fanconi’s anemia, both prenatally and postnatally [3-6]. Prenatal HLA typing has made it possible to ascertain whether a fetus is HLA-identical to an affected sibling [7]. We report here on hematopoietic reconstitution in a boy with severe Fanconi’s anemia who received cryo-preserved umbilical-cord blood from a sister shown by prenatal testing to be unaffected by the disorder, to have a normal karyotype, and to be HLA-identical to the patient. We used a pretransplantation conditioning procedure developed specifically for the treatment of such patients [8]; this technique makes use of the hypersensitivity of the abnormal cells to alkylating agents that cross-link DNA [9,10] and to irradiation [11] In this case, the availability of cord blood obviated the need for obtaining bone marrow from the infant sibling. This use of cord blood followed the suggestion of one of us that blood retrieved from umbilical cord at delivery, usually discarded, might restore hematopoiesis – a proposal supported by preparatory studies by some of us [12] and consistent with reports on the presence of hematopoietic stem and multipotential (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in human umbilical-cord blood (see the references cited by Broxmeyer et al. [12]).
Selection of multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants that encode viral proteases with decreased sensitivity to an inhibitor of the viral protease. (1994)

Inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease represent a promising addition to the available agents used to inhibit virus replication in a therapeutic setting. HIV-1 is capable of generating phenotypic variants in the face of a variety of selective pressures. The potential to generate variants with reduced sensitivity to a protease inhibitor was examined by selecting for virus growth in cell culture in the presence of the protease inhibitor A-77003. Virus variants grew out in the presence of the inhibitor, and these variants encoded proteases with reduced sensitivity to the inhibitor. Variants were identified that encoded changes in each of the three subsites of the protease that interact with the inhibitor. HIV-1 displays significant potential for altering its interaction with this protease inhibitor, suggesting the need for multiple protease inhibitors with varying specificities.
Skeletal Histomorphometry in Subjects on Teriparatide or Zoledronic Acid Therapy (SHOTZ) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2012)

TPTD and ZOL possess fundamentally different mechanisms of action with opposite effects on bone formation based on this analysis of both histomorphometric data and serum markers of bone formation and resorption. An important mechanistic difference was a substantially higher MS/BS in the TPTD group. Overall, these results define the dynamic histomorphometric characteristics of anabolic activity relative to antiresorptive activity after treatment with these two drugs.
Identification of three related human GRO genes encoding cytokine functions. (1990)

The product of the human GRO gene is a cytokine with inflammatory and growth-regulatory properties; GRO is also called MGSA for melanoma growth-stimulatory activity. We have identified two additional genes, GRO beta and GRO gamma, that share 90% and 86% identity at the deduced amino acid level with the original GRO alpha isolate. One amino acid substitution of proline in GRO alpha by leucine in GRO beta and GRO gamma leads to a large predicted change in protein conformation. Significant differences also exist in the 3' untranslated region, including different numbers of ATTTA repeats associated with mRNA instability. A 122-base-pair region in the 3' region is conserved among the three GRO genes, and a part of it is also conserved in the Chinese hamster genome, suggesting a role in regulation. DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes and partial sequence analysis of the genomic clones confirm that the three forms are derived from related but different genes. Only one chromosomal locus has been identified, at 4q21, by using a GRO alpha cDNA clone that hybridized to all three genes. Expression studies reveal tissue-specific regulation as well as regulation by specific inducing agents, including interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and lipopolysaccharide.
An evaluation of the river die‐away technique for studying detergent biodegradability (1964)

Abstract The accuracy and reproducibility of the river die‐away test has not been well defined. This information is required to establish the validity of observed differences in degradation behavior. The present paper presents data on the accuracy and repeatability of the methylene blue analytical procedure using both the standard method and the automated 舠AutoAnalyzer舡 version of the methylene blue method. Data are also presented showing reproducibility of the biodegradation curves obtained by replicate analysis of a single detergent under 1) identical die‐away conditions, and 2) different conditions obtained by die‐away studies in various river waters. The effect of detergent mol wt and microbial adaptation to the test substance on the degradation pattern is also discussed.
Determining the electric field in [111] strained-layer quantum wells (1993)

The electric field in a [111] growth-axis strained-layer quantum well embedded in a p-i-n diode is determined by measuring the polarization vector in the quantum well. The polarization is determined from the critical reverse bias necessary to produce zero electric field in the quantum well. The critical reverse bias is obtained from electroreflectance spectra, which have quantum well optical features that exhibit a 180° phase change at flat band. A depletion model of the p-i-n diode with an embedded quantum well is used to relate the electric field in the quantum well to the applied bias and the polarization vector in the well.
Norcoclaurine Synthase Is a Member of the Pathogenesis-Related 10/Bet v1 Protein Family (2010)

Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). NCS from Thalictrum flavum (Tf NCS), Papaver somniferum (Ps NCS1 and Ps NCS2), and Coptis japonica (Cj PR10A) share substantial identity with pathogen-related 10 (PR10) and Bet v1 proteins, whose functions are not well understood. A distinct enzyme (Cj NCS1) with similarity to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases was suggested as the bona fide NCS in C. japonica. Here, we validate the exclusive role of PR10/Bet v1-type NCS enzymes in BIA metabolism. Immunolocalization of Ps NCS2 revealed its cell type-specific occurrence in phloem sieve elements, which contain all other known BIA biosynthetic enzymes. In opium poppy, NCS transcripts and proteins were abundant in root and stem, but at low levels in leaf and carpel. Silencing of NCS in opium poppy profoundly reduced alkaloid levels compared with controls. Immunoprecipitation of NCS from total protein extracts of T. flavum cells resulted in a nearly complete attenuation of NCS activity. A Ps NCS2-green fluorescent protein fusion introduced by microprojectile bombardment into opium poppy cells initially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but subsequently sorted to the vacuole. In our hands, Cj NCS1 did not catalyze the formation of (S)-norcoclaurine from dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde.
Microstructure Improvement in Weld Metal Using Ultrasonic Vibrations (2007)

The ultrasonic vibration is used to refine the 316L weld metal microstructure. The test results show that the fraction of columnar dendritic microstructure in weld metal is as function of output of ultrasonic vibration. With the increase of the output from 0 to 90, the ratio of the columnar dendritic microstructure decrease significantly, from 95 % dendritic microstructure to 10 %.
New approach to power line protection based upon the detection of fault induced high frequency signals (1990)

This paper outlines the salient features of a protection technique for transmission lines which utilises the high frequency components of fault generated noise. The approach is based on the non-unit type scheme, which makes use of a stack-tuner circuit connected to the coupling capacitor of a capacitor voltage transformer. The stack-tuner is tuned to a certain frequency bandwidth and is arranged to act as a high frequency switch. The signals derived from the stack-tuner are used to determine whether the fault is inside or outside the protected zone
Biochemical correlates of mTOR inhibition by the rapamycin ester CCI-779 and tumor growth inhibition. (2001)

The rapamycin ester, CCI-779, potently inhibits cell growth in vitro, inhibits tumor growth in vivo, and is currently in Phase I clinical trials. To further understand the relationship between plasma systemic exposure and inhibition of the target Ser/Thr kinase, mTOR/FRAP, two assays have been developed. The first assay involves determination of the 4E suppressor protein (4E-BP1) bound to eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and the second is direct Western analysis of phosphorylation of residue Thr(70) of 4E-BP1. Under normal growth conditions in vitro, rapamycin caused rapid association of 4E-BP1 with eIF4E within 1 h in Rh30 and GC(3) human tumor cells. Association was persistent up to 16 h. In mice, administration of rapamycin (5 or 20 mg/kg) caused rapid association of 4E-BP1 with eIF4E within 4 h in both human colon adenocarcinoma GC(3) and rhabdomyosarcoma Rh30 xenografts. Using phospho-specific antibody against Thr(70) of 4E-BP1, rapid and persistent dephosphorylation within 30 min of exposure to rapamycin was detected in Rh18 rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Evaluation of CCI-779 against Rh18 xenografts showed this tumor to be growth inhibited at daily dose levels of > or =8.7 mg/kg. Because immunoblotting may be more suitable for assaying tumor biopsy tissue, a "blinded" comparison between the effect of CCI-779 on Thr(70) phosphorylation and growth inhibition of human tumor xenografts was undertaken. Mice were treated daily for 5 days with CCI-779 (20 mg/kg/day) or with drug vehicle, and tumor diameters were measured. Tumors were excised 1 h after the final administration and frozen, and phospho Thr(70) was determined by Western blot analysis. The correlation coefficient for decreases in Thr(70) phosphorylation and growth inhibition was high (r(2), 0.99). The results indicate that an assay of decreases in phosphorylation of Thr(70) of 4E-BP1 may be a useful surrogate for determining the inhibition of mTOR activity in tumor specimens.
Role of T cells in graft rejection and transplantation tolerance (2009)

Transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, but organ survival is limited by immune rejection and the side effects of immunosuppressive regimens. T cells are central to the process of transplant rejection through allorecognition of foreign antigens leading to their activation, and the orchestration of an effector response that results in organ damage. Long-term transplant acceptance in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy remains the ultimate goal in the field of transplantation and many studies are exploring potential therapies. One promising cellular therapy is the use of regulatory T cells to induce a state of donor-specific tolerance to the transplant. This article first discusses the role of T cells in transplant rejection, with a focus on the mechanisms of allorecognition and the alloresponse. This is followed by a detailed review of the current progress in the field of regulatory T-cell therapy in transplantation and the translation of this therapy to the clinical setting.
Fabrication and characterization of bandpass filters based on concatenated chirped fiber gratings (1997)

Practical, low-loss (<2 dB), fiber Bragg grating single-passband transmission filters have been realized with >30 dB out-of-band rejection over /spl sim/25 mm spectral widths. The approach adopted is based on the concatenation of two or more tailored broadband chirped gratings fabricated with low short-wavelength loss to maximize the rejection and stopband width in a filter with /spl sim/1 nm passband. The effect of thermal aging for similar complex structures is considered in the context of three different fiber types: standard telecommunication, high germania (Ge)-doped and boron/germania (B/Ge)-codoped. It is shown that while hydrogenated B/Ge-codoped fiber exhibits excellent photosensitivity, the resulting decrease in guiding strength and thermal stability may make germania-doped fiber the more attractive choice.
Artificially expanded genetic information system: a new base pair with an alternative hydrogen bonding pattern (2006)

To support efforts to develop a 'synthetic biology' based on an artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS), we have developed a route to two components of a non-standard nucleobase pair, the pyrimidine analog 6-amino-5-nitro-3-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyridone (dZ) and its Watson-Crick complement, the purine analog 2-amino-8-(1'-beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one (dP). These implement the pyDDA:puAAD hydrogen bonding pattern (where 'py' indicates a pyrimidine analog and 'pu' indicates a purine analog, while A and D indicate the hydrogen bonding patterns of acceptor and donor groups presented to the complementary nucleobases, from the major to the minor groove). Also described is the synthesis of the triphosphates and protected phosphoramidites of these two nucleosides. We also describe the use of the protected phosphoramidites to synthesize DNA oligonucleotides containing these AEGIS components, verify the absence of epimerization of dZ in those oligonucleotides, and report some hybridization properties of the dZ:dP nucleobase pair, which is rather strong, and the ability of each to effectively discriminate against mismatches in short duplex DNA.
Molecular basis of erythroenzymopathies associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia: Tabulation of mutant enzymes (1996)

Molecular abnormalities of erythroenzymopathies associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia have been determined by means of molecular biology. Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is the most common and well-characterized enzyme deficiency in the glycolytic pathway, and it causes hereditary hemolytic anemia. To date, 47 gene mutations have been identified. We identified one base deletion, one splicing mutation, and six distinct missense mutations in 12 unrelated families with a homozygous PK deficiency. Mutations located near the substrate or fructose-1,6- diphosphate binding site may change the conformation of the active site, resulting in a drastic loss of activity and severe clinical symptoms. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)deficiency is the most common metabolic disorder, and it is associated with chronic hemolytic anemia and/or drug- or infection-induced acute hemolytic attack. An estimated 400 million people are affected worldwide. The mutations responsible for about 78 variants have been determined. Some have polymorphic frequencies in different populations. Most variants are produced by one or two nucleotide substitutions. Molecular studies have disclosed that most of the class 1 G6PD variants associated with chronic hemolysis have the mutations surrounding either the substrate or the NADP binding site. Among rare enzymopathies, missense mutations have been determined in deficiencies of glucosephosphate isomerase, (TPI), phosphoglycerate kinase, and adenylate kinase. Compound heterozygosity with missense mutation and base deletion has been determined in deficiencies of hexokinase and diphosphoglyceromutase. Compound heterozygosity with missense and nonsense mutations has been identified in TPI deficiency. One base junction mutations resulting in abnormally spliced PFK-M mRNA have been identified in homozygous PFK deficiency. An exception is hemolytic anemia due to increased adenosine deaminase activity. The basic abnormality appears to result from the overproduction of a structurally normal enzyme.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF CELL-SUBSTRATE CONTACT AND OXIDATIVE INACTIVATION OF PROTEINASE INHIBITORS IN VITRO (1982)

A B S T R A C T Polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been implicated in connective tissue injury in a variety of disease processes. To gain insight into mechanisms by which neutrophils might degrade connective tissue macromolecules in the presence of proteinase inhibitors, we have used a model system that allows neutrophils to be held in vitro under physiologic conditions in close proximity to a very proteinase-sensitive substrate, '251-labeled fibronectin. We have found: (a) neutrophils spread rapidly on the fibronectin substrate; (b) fibronectin proteolysis by neutrophils is largely attributable to released elastase, anid is linearly related to cell number over the range of 2,000 to 30,000 cells per assay; (c) oxidants released fro'm neutrophils stimulated by opsonized zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate do not protect released elastase from inhibition by ca1-proteinase inhibitor or a2lmacroglobulin; (d) neutrophil myeloperoxidase and enzymatically generated superoxide anion render a1-proteinase inhibitor ineffective against- fibronectin proteolysis when neutrophils are added 30 min later; and (e) a1-proteinase inhibitor and a2-macroglobulin incompletely inhibit fibronectin proteolysis by neutrophils (79.8±6.3 and 73.5±12.0%, respectively.) The'data suggested that proteolysis due to neutrophils that are in contact with susceptible macromolecules may occur due to partial exclusion of inhibitors from the cell-substrate interface. Although confirming that a1-proteinase inhibitor
Bcl2 retards G1/S cell cycle transition by regulating intracellular ROS (2003)

Bcl2's antiapoptotic function is regulated by phosphorylation. Bcl2 also regulates cell cycle progression, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Bcl2 is functionally expressed in mitochondria where it can act as an antioxidant that may regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since ROS have been reported to act as second messengers in cell signaling, we tested whether Bcl2 phosphorylation regulates ROS and cell cycle progression. G1 --> S transition and ROS levels were measured in cells expressing either the gain of function phosphomimetic Bcl2 mutants S70E and T69E/S70E/S87E (EEE) or the nonphosphorylatable and survival-deficient mutants S70A and T69A/S70A/S87A (AAA). Expression of S70E and EEE but not the A-containing Bcl2 mutants retards G1 --> S transition by 35% to 50% and significantly slows cell growth in association with reduced levels of intracellular ROS. In addition to expression of the phosphomimetic Bcl2 mutants, either interleukin-3 withdrawal or treatment of cells with the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) also reduces intracellular ROS levels in association with up-regulation of p27 and accumulation of cells in G0/G1. Retardation of G1 --> S transition can be overridden by directly adding H2O2 to the cells in a mechanism that involves down-regulation of p27 and activation of Cdk2. Thus, Bcl2 may regulate G1 --> S transition by a novel signaling mechanism that couples regulation of intracellular ROS with p27 and Cdk2. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Bcl2 may functionally link its antiapoptotic, cell cycle retardation, and antioxidant properties.
Tiny Video Networks (2019)

Video understanding is a challenging problem with great impact on the abilities of autonomous agents working in the real-world. Yet, solutions so far have been computationally intensive, with the fastest algorithms running for more than half a second per video snippet on powerful GPUs. We propose a novel idea on video architecture learning - Tiny Video Networks - which automatically designs highly efficient models for video understanding. The tiny video models run with competitive performance for as low as 37 milliseconds per video on a CPU and 10 milliseconds on a standard GPU.
Immunohistochemical localization of nerve growth factor in fractured and unfractured rat bone (1998)

We detected nerve growth factor (NGF) by immunohistochemical localization in both fractured and unfractured rat rib. In unfractured bone, periosteal mesenchymal osteoprogenitor cells appeared to be the only skeletal cells which stained for NGF. Adjacent skeletal muscle fibers exhibited NGF staining both in fractured and unfractured bone. Fracture callus periosteal osteoprogenitor cells, marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, young osteocytes and endothelial cells of new capillaries had moderate to heavy staining for NGF at 1 and 3 weeks after fracture. Deeply positioned osteocytes and osteoclasts showed no NGF staining. Most chondrocytes of fracture calluses stained for NGF, however, some chondrocytes did not stain which may indicate that NGF is produced at particular stages of chondrocytic differentiation. In calluses, periosteal matrix stained heavily for NGF when juxtaposed to cartilage and less obviously when associated with new bone at both 1 and 3 weeks post-fracture. However, other fibrous, cartilaginous and osseous matrices did not stain for NGF at any time. At 6 weeks post-fracture, NGF staining was largely confined to periosteal osteoprogenitor cells. The detection of NGF in periosteal osteoprogenitor cells of unfractured rib points to these cells having a role in nerve maintenance in intact bone. Furthermore, the localization of NGF in osteoprogenitor cells, marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, certain chondrocytes, endothelial cells, periosteal matrix of the fracture callus and skeletal muscle may mean that these entities participate in fracture innervation. The presence of NGF in the callus may also indicate a direct, as yet undefined action of this neurotrophin on skeletal cell metabolism.
Carboxyl BODIPY Dyes from Bicarboxylic Anhydrides: One-Pot Preparation, Spectral Properties, Photostability, and Biolabeling (2009)

New fluorescent dyes based on 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) and functionalized with a free carboxyl group have been conveniently synthesized from pyrroles and dicarboxylic anhydrides in one-pot reactions. Their spectral properties in different solvents showed little effect of solvatochromism (<10 nm). The methyl groups on the BODIPY skeleton benefit the fluorescence quantum yields (Phi(f) up to 0.80 in water) but affect the photostability of the dyes. Photooxidation and photodegradation experiments suggest that dyes 1a and 2a exhibit excellent photostability, especially in water, and several factors were taken into account to elucidate the experimental phenomena. Dyes 1c and 2c, derived from 1a and 2a via the esterification of NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester), can be easily acquired in high yields (>90%). Single crystal X-ray structures of dyes 2c and 3a are also obtained and discussed. The fluorescence labeling of BSA and followed prestaining method for gel electrophoresis of BSA demonstrate that the protein can be directly observed by naked eyes at as low as 2 ng level under a normal UV fluorescence electrophorogram gel image system.
Comparison of Stochastic vs. Conventional Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Pain Modulation in Patients with Electromyographically Documented Radiculopathy (2004)

Qualitative pain scores significantly improved when the patient used TENS-R vs. conventional TENS. Lead placement of any TENS modality over the back vs. over the leg improved all pain scores.