gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of the electron transport chain in idiopathic parkinson's disease (1989)

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease may have a low-level familial association but does not follow mendelian patterns of inheritance. Since inheritance of some components of the electron transport chain is nonmendelian and since inhibition of the electron transport chain with the toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine models Parkinson's disease in humans and animals, we evaluated catalytic activities of the electron transport chain in platelet mitochondria purified from patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. All 10 patients studied had significant reductions of complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) activity. Succinate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was less strikingly reduced. We hypothesize that the complex I abnormality may have an etiological role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and that this defect may be derived via the mitochondrial genome.
Phosphorylation of Sic1p by G 1 Cdk Required for Its Degradation and Entry into S Phase (1997)

G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-triggered degradation of the S-phase Cdk inhibitor Sic1p has been implicated in the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle of budding yeast. A multidimensional electrospray mass spectrometry technique was used to map G1 Cdk phosphorylation sites in Sic1p both in vitro and in vivo. A Sic1p mutant lacking three Cdk phosphorylation sites did not serve as a substrate for Cdc34p-dependent ubiquitination in vitro, was stable in vivo, and blocked DNA replication. Moreover, purified phosphoSic1p was ubiquitinated in cyclin-depleted G1 extract, indicating that a primary function of G1 cyclins is to tag Sic1p for destruction. These data suggest a molecular model of how phosphorylation and proteolysis cooperate to bring about the G1/S transition in budding yeast.
A consensus zinc finger peptide: design, high-affinity metal binding, a pH-dependent structure, and a His to Cys sequence variant (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA consensus zinc finger peptide: design, high-affinity metal binding, a pH-dependent structure, and a His to Cys sequence variantBeth Allyn Krizek, Barbara T. Amann, Valda J. Kilfoil, Denise L. Merkle, and Jeremy M. BergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 12, 4518–4523Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1659Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The role of the support in solid phase peptide synthesis (1984)

The effect of the polymer-support on the kinetics and coupling efficiency of amino acid condensations is described. Changes in the degree of swelling of the support network during peptide synthesis are also evaluated. The advantages of the solid phase method in particularly difficult amino acid sequences are highlighted. Finally, the question of site isolation and its relationship to polystyrene chain flexibility is discussed.
Immersive Audio Schemes (2010)

After more than a century of accelerated advances in telecommunication technologies, people are no longer satisfied with talking to someone over a long distance and in real time. They want to collaborate through communication in a more productive way with the feeling of being together and sharing the same environment, which we refer to as an immersive experience. This need offers great opportunities for multichannel acoustic and speech signal processing, and for new ideas of voice communication services infrastructure. In this article, we present a survey of the development of various immersive audio schemes in concert with this movement according to our involvement and insights.
Urea‐ and Thiourea‐Substituted Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Addition of Malonate to Nitroalkenes: Inversion of Configuration at C9 Dramatically Improves Catalyst Performance. (2005)

Natural not always best: Novel N-aryl urea and thiourea derivatives of dihydrocinchona alkaloids serve as efficient catalysts for the asymmetric addition of dimethyl malonate to a range of nitroalkenes. Catalytic activity and selectivity depend strongly on the relative configuration at C8/C9. Catalysts with “non-natural” inverted configuration at C9 display excellent activity and enantioselectivity at loadings as low as 0.5 mol %. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z501721_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of Porous Silicon Nitride by Using Seed Crystals. (2001)

Synthesis of porous silicon nitride (Si3N4) by using seed crystals was studied. Seed crystals were prepared by heating a powder mixture of α-Si3N4 and sintering aids. Y2O3 was the most effective additive for obtaining seed crystals of high aspect ratio. By adding rod-like seed crystals to α-Si3N4 starting powder, porous Si3N4 with relatively high porosity could be fabricated. In the case of adding 50vol% seed crystal, rod-like grains were well combined, forming a framework. The effect of sintering additives on porosity of the porous body was also studied. By adding 5mass%Y2O3 and 2mass%Al2O3 as sintering additives, the porosity of sintered body was reduced.
Fluctuating silicate:nitrate ratios and coastal plankton food webs (1998)

Marine diatoms require dissolved silicate to form an external shell, and their growth becomes Si-limited when the atomic ratio of silicate to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (Si:DIN) approaches 1:1, also known as the "Redfield ratio." Fundamental changes in the diatom-to-zooplankton-to-higher trophic level food web should occur when this ratio falls below 1:1 and the proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community is reduced. We quantitatively substantiate these predictions by using a variety of data from the Mississippi River continental shelf, a system in which the Si:DIN loading ratio has declined from around 3:1 to 1:1 during this century because of land-use practices in the watershed. We suggest that, on this shelf, when the Si:DIN ratio in the river decreases to less than 1:1, then (i) copepod abundance changes from >75% to <30% of the total mesozooplankton, (ii) zooplankton fecal pellets become a minor component of the in situ primary production consumed, and (iii) bottom-water oxygen consumption rates become less dependent on relatively fast-sinking (diatom-rich) organic matter packaged mostly as zooplankton fecal pellets. This coastal ecosystem appears to be a pelagic food web dynamically poised to be either a food web composed of diatoms and copepods or one with potentially disruptive harmful algal blooms. The system is directed between these two ecosystem states by Mississippi River water quality, which is determined by land-use practices far inland.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of Adenosine 5‘-Phosphonate Analogues as Chain Terminators against Hepatitis C Virus (2005)

A series of adenosine 5'-phosphonate analogues were designed to mimic naturally occurring adenosine monophosphate. These compounds (1-5) were synthesized and evaluated in a cellular hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication assay. To improve cellular permeability and enhance the anti-HCV activity of these phosphonates, a bis(S-acyl-2-thioethyl) prodrug for compound 5 was prepared, and its cellular activity was determined. To elucidate the mechanism of action of these novel adenosine phosphonates, their diphosphate derivatives (1a-5a) were synthesized. Further nucleotide incorporation assays by HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase revealed that 2a and 3a can serve as chain terminators, whereas compounds 1a, 4a, and 5a are competitive inhibitors with ATP. Additional steady-state kinetic analysis determined the incorporation efficiency of 2a and 3a as well as the inhibition constants for 1a, 4a, and 5a. The structure-activity relationships among these compounds were analyzed, and the implication for nucleoside phosphonate drug design was discussed.
x Ray crystallography (2000)

x Ray crystallography is currently the most favoured technique for structure determination of proteins and biological macromolecules. Increasingly, those interested in all branches of the biological sciences require structural information to shed light on previously unanswered questions. Furthermore, the availability of a protein structure can provide a more detailed focus for future research. The extension of the technique to systems such as viruses, immune complexes, and protein-nucleic acid complexes serves only to widen the appeal of crystallography. Structure based drug design, site directed mutagenesis, elucidation of enzyme mechanisms, and specificity of protein-ligand interactions are just a few of the areas in which x ray crystallography has provided clarification.
Homofermentative Production of d - or l -Lactate in Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli RR1 (1999)

We investigated metabolic engineering of fermentation pathways in Escherichia coli for production of optically pure D- or L-lactate. Several pta mutant strains were examined, and a pta mutant of E. coli RR1 which was deficient in the phosphotransacetylase of the Pta-AckA pathway was found to metabolize glucose to D-lactate and to produce a small amount of succinate by-product under anaerobic conditions. An additional mutation in ppc made the mutant produce D-lactate like a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium. When the pta ppc double mutant was grown to higher biomass concentrations under aerobic conditions before it shifted to the anaerobic phase of D-lactate production, more than 62.2 g of D-lactate per liter was produced in 60 h, and the volumetric productivity was 1.04 g/liter/h. To examine whether the blocked acetate flux could be reoriented to a nonindigenous L-lactate pathway, an L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus casei was introduced into a pta ldhA strain which lacked phosphotransacetylase and D-lactate dehydrogenase. This recombinant strain was able to metabolize glucose to L-lactate as the major fermentation product, and up to 45 g of L-lactate per liter was produced in 67 h. These results demonstrate that the central fermentation metabolism of E. coli can be reoriented to the production of D-lactate, an indigenous fermentation product, or to the production of L-lactate, a nonindigenous fermentation product.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and the pharmaceutical industry (2001)

Polyethylene glycols are a product group with a wide range of applications both in the industrial chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The manufacture, nomenclature, physical-chemical properties and toxicology of polyethylene glycols are summarized. The different application fields of polyethylene glycols are shown.
Virotherapy with a Semliki Forest Virus–Based Vector Encoding IL12 Synergizes with PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade (2015)

Virotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors can be combined for the treatment of cancer with complementarity and potential for synergistic effects. We have developed a cytolytic but nonreplicative viral vector system based on Semliki Forest virus that encodes IL12 (SFV-IL12). Following direct intratumoral injection, infected cells release transgenic IL12, die, and elicit an inflammatory response triggered by both abundantly copied viral RNA and IL12. In difficult-to-treat mouse cancer models, such as those derived from MC38 and bilateral B16-OVA, SFV-IL12 synergized with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to induce tumor regression and prolong survival. Similar synergistic effects were attained upon PD-L1 blockade. Combined SFV-IL12 + anti-PD-1 mAb treatment only marginally increased the elicited cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response over SFV-IL12 as a single agent, at least when measured by in vivo killing assays. In contrast, we observed that SFV-IL12 treatment induced expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells in an IFNγ-dependent fashion. PD-L1-mediated adaptive resistance thereby provides a mechanistic explanation of the observed synergistic effects achieved by the SFV-IL12 + anti-PD-1 mAb combination.
The Adjuvant Activity of Nonionic Block Polymer Surfactants (1986)

We evaluated the molecular and physicochemical properties of surfaces formed by defined layers of block copolymers which were especially effective as adjuvants or in the induction of granulomas. The copolymers which were adjuvants formed hydrophilic surfaces with a large area. They bound protein in a way which left it particularly accessible to antibody and induced the activation of complement. Copolymers which induced granulomas, in contrast, formed hydrophobic crystalline surfaces. They bound less protein and did not activate complement, but were toxic for macrophages. Their surfaces were found to be similar to those of the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate or quartz, in that they consisted of regular geometric arrays of hydrophilic and hydrophobic adsorptive domains. These studies demonstrated that changes in the size and arrangement of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks in copolymers produce a diversity of surface physicochemical properties which correlate with biologic activity.
Extending the Event-Based Programming Model to support Sensor-Driven Ubiquitous Computing Applications. (2009)

We propose an extension to the event-based programming model for sensor-driven ubiquitous computing applications. The extension consists of three abstractions: Multi-Event Handlers, Event Streams and Execution Policies. We believe that these additional abstractions simplify the task of writing applications in this domain. In this position paper we present the extensions and demonstrate our prototype middleware implemented in C.
Purification of porcine enterokinase by affinity chromatography (1975)

A method is described for the purification of porcine enterokinase by affinity chromatography with p-aminobenzamidine as the ligand. Purification was completed by immunoadsorption with antisera raised to components binding non-biologically to the gel. The final enterokinase preparation was 2.3 times more active than the most active preparation previously described.
Paraxial Mesodermal Progenitors Derived from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Contribute to Muscle Regeneration via Differentiation into Muscle Satellite Cells (2008)

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great potential for cell-based therapies. Although several recent studies have reported the potential of ES cell-derived progenitors for skeletal muscle regeneration, how the cells contribute to reconstitution of the damaged myofibers has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrated the process of injured muscle regeneration by the engraftment of ES cell-derived mesodermal progenitors. Mesodermal progenitor cells were induced by a conventional differentiation system and isolated by flow cytometer of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR-alpha), a marker of paraxial mesoderm, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), a marker of lateral mesoderm. The PDGFR-alpha(+) population that represented the paraxial mesodermal character demonstrated significant engraftment when transplanted into the injured muscle of immunodeficient mouse. Moreover, the PDGFR-alpha(+) population could differentiate into the muscle satellite cells that were the stem cells of adult muscle and characterized by the expression of Pax7 and CD34. These ES cell-derived satellite cells could form functional mature myofibers in vitro and generate myofibers fused with the damaged host myofibers in vivo. On the other hand, the PDGFR-alpha(-)VEGFR-2(+) population that showed lateral mesodermal character exhibited restricted potential to differentiate into the satellite cells in injured muscle. Our results show the potential of ES cell-derived paraxial mesodermal progenitor cells to generate functional muscle stem cells in vivo without inducing or suppressing gene manipulation. This knowledge could be used to form the foundation of the development of stem cell therapies to repair diseased and damaged muscles.
Field Experience With Multilaterals in the Idd El Shargi North Dome Field, Qatar (1998)

Summary This paper describes how one operator used the latest multilateral drilling technology to improve the profitability of the Idd El Shargi North Dome (ISND) field, offshore Qatar (Fig. 1). Dual openhole laterals have been employed to simultaneously exploit the Shuaiba A and B oil reservoirs. In each well drilled to date, the secondary wellbore has been cased off at the lateral junction following drilling of the fullbore lateral section. A mechanical junction has been used to ensure long-term mechanical integrity and re-entry capability following completion. To date, this technology has been used on five wells in the ISND field (IS-74, IS-75, IS-76, IS-77, and IS-80). Approximately 10 additional complex-drainage-architecture wells are planned in 1997 to further develop this field.
Evidence for nitroxyl in the catalase-mediated bioactivation of the alcohol deterrent agent cyanamide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for nitroxyl in the catalase-mediated bioactivation of the alcohol deterrent agent cyanamideH. T. Nagasawa, E. G. DeMaster, B. Redfern, F. N. Shirota, and D. J. W. GoonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 12, 3120–3122Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00174a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (407 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Myocardial kinetics of Tc-MIBI in canine myocardium after dipyridamole. (1990)

Technetium 99m-hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-isonitrile (Tc-MIBI) is a promising new myocardial perfusion imaging agent producing excellent rest images. Imaging, however, will need to be performed with exercise or dipyridamole to detect ischemia and to differentiate salvaged but still ischemic myocardium from scar. Accordingly, 12 dogs were given mild-to-moderate left circumflex coronary stenoses (group 2), and 10 dogs were given severe stenoses (group 3). In five control dogs (group 1), there was no stenosis. After an intravenous infusion of dipyridamole (0.08 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes), Tc-MIBI was injected into the right atrium. Over the next 4-hour study period, myocardial Tc-MIBI activities were continuously monitored in both the left anterior descending (LAD) (normal) and left circumflex (LCx) (ischemic) coronary artery (ischemic) zones using miniature cadmium telluride radiation detectors and serial gamma camera images were acquired when necessary. Tc-MIBI was rapidly taken up by nonischemic, mild-to-moderate, and severe ischemic myocardium. The initial myocardial uptake of Tc-MIBI was linearly related (r = 0.97) to regional myocardial blood flow at rates up to 2.0 ml/min/g. After the initial uptake, the mean 4-hour fractional myocardial clearance was similar between the control (0.09 +/- 0.03 [+/- SEM]) and group 2 (0.07 +/- 0.03) and group 3 (0.09 +/- 0.03) ischemic zones. Tc-MIBI blood clearance was rapid and biexponential with an initial fast clearance phase followed by a slow clearance phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multipotential differentiation of human urine-derived stem cells: Potential for therapeutic applications in urology (2013)

We sought to biologically characterize and identify a subpopulation of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) with the capacity for multipotent differentiation. We demonstrated that single USCs can expand to a large population with 60-70 population doublings. Nine of 15 individual USC clones expressed detectable levels of telomerase and have long telomeres. These cells expressed pericyte and mesenchymal stem cell markers. Upon induction with appropriate media in vitro, USCs differentiated into bladder-associated cell types, including functional urothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. When the differentiated USCs were seeded onto a scaffold and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, multilayered tissue-like structures formed consisting of urothelium and smooth muscle. Additionally, USCs were able to differentiate into endothelial, osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, skeletal myogenic, and neurogenic lineages but did not form teratomas during the 1-month study despite telomerase activity. USCs may be useful in cell-based therapies and tissue engineering applications, including urogenital reconstruction.