gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillary blood sampling: relation between lancet diameter, lancing pain and blood volume (1999)

The relation between pain of capillary blood sampling and lancet diameter was studied in 52 healthy subjects. The tips of six fingers were pricked with a Softclix(R) II lancing device using lancets with identical facet geometry but needle diameters of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.8 mm. Two penetration depths (0.9 and 1.2 mm) were applied. Pain intensity and blood volume were recorded.At a puncture depth of 0.9 mm, pain did not differ between the three lancets. Pain increased with penetration depth, and at 1.2 mm the thicker lancets were somewhat more painful than the thinner ones. Blood volumes increased with lancet diameter and penetration depth. If the pain for punctures providing just enough blood for a glucose test (>/=10 µl) was compared, there was no difference between the lancets.It can be concluded that lancet diameter is of minor importance for the patient. Copyright 1999 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
Coplanar molecular assemblies of amino- and perfluorinated alkylsilanes: characterization and geometric definition of mammalian cell adhesion and growth (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoplanar molecular assemblies of amino- and perfluorinated alkylsilanes: characterization and geometric definition of mammalian cell adhesion and growthDavid A. Stenger, Jacque H. Georger, Charles S. Dulcey, James J. Hickman, Alan S. Rudolph, Thor B. Nielsen, Stephen M. McCort, and Jeffrey M. CalvertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 22, 8435–8442Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00048a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views970Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cardiovascular risk evaluation and prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia in subjects with asymptomatic carotid artery disease (2011)

The present study confirms that carotid atherosclerosis is associated with coronary atherosclerosis and highlights the importance of screening for ischemic heart disease in patients with asymptomatic carotid plaques, considering eventually plaque morphology (symmetry, composition, eccentricity or concentricity of the plaque, etc) for patient stratification.
High-Level Power Estimation and Low-Power Design Space Exploration for FPGAs (2007)

In this paper, we present a simultaneous resource allocation and binding algorithm for FPGA power minimization. To fully validate our methodology and result, our work targets a real FPGA architecture - Altera Stratix FPGA, which includes generic logic elements, DSP cores, and memories, etc. We design a high-level power estimator for this architecture and evaluate its estimation accuracy against a commercial gate-level power estimator - Quartus II PowerPlay Analyzer. During the synthesis stage, we pay special attention to interconnections and multiplexers. We concentrate on resource allocation and binding tasks because they are the key steps to determine the interconnections. We use a novel approach to explore the design space. Experimental results show that our high-level power estimator is 8.7% away from PowerPlay Analyzer. Meanwhile, we are able to achieve a significant amount of power reduction (32%) with better circuit speed (16%) compared to a traditional resource allocation and binding algorithm.
Thermistor at a Distance: Unobtrusive Measurement of Breathing (2009)

This paper unveils a thermal imaging methodology to recover the breathing waveform from the subject's nostrils. The resulting functionality is equivalent to that of a thermistor, but it is materialized in a contact-free manner. First, the nostril region is segmented and tracked over time through a network of cooperating probabilistic trackers. The mean thermal signal of the nostril region carries the breathing information. This information is extracted through wavelet analysis. The method has been tested on 20 healthy individuals. The breathing waveforms determined via the imaging computation were compared with the corresponding ones extracted from thermistors. The high degree of agreement between the two measurement methods confirms the validity of the proposed approach and opens the way for clinical applications. Furthermore, thermal imaging can be potentially used as an investigative tool to understand breathing physiology in ways not possible with contact sensors.
Approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit in GaAs solar cells (2012)

With recent advances in device design, single junction GaAs solar cells are approaching their theoretical efficiency limits. Accurate numerical simulation may offer insights that can lead to further improvement. Significant care must be taken, however, to ensure that the simulation properly comprehends thermodynamic limits. In this paper, we use rigorous photon recycling simulation coupled with carrier transport simulation to identify the dominant loss mechanisms that limit the performance of thin film GaAs solar cell.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis (2020)

Recently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening human health globally. There is a dire need to find potential therapeutic agents. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as an entry receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered as potential therapeutic target in COVID-19 pandemic. Here, our bioinformatics analysis revealed that the biological function of ACE2 was correlated with regulation of blood pressure and mediation of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. Ten ACE2 cooperative proteins were identified by using STRING with a high score. ACE2 expressed highly in the small intestine, testis, and kidney. The level of ACE2 expression in tumor tissues varies in different types of cancers compared with that in normal tissues. It was worth noting that the expression level of ACE2 in the tumor has no effect on patient survival. MiRNA hsa-miR-942-5p, and three transcription factors (TFs) including Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), Estrogen related receptor &amp;alpha; (ESRRA), and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were selected as novel ACE2 regulators. Moreover, nine potential therapeutic drugs were predicted by two online databases. Thus, our research may expand the overall view of ACE2 in COVID-19 treatment.
Improving the Value of Real-Time Drilling Data to Aid Collaboration, Drilling Optimization, and Decision Making (2007)

Abstract Evolution in the manner in which real-time data is provided by service companies in the drilling industry has led to real-time data being available via the Internet from most wells drilled worldwide. The platform for viewing this real-time data is usually through a variety of viewers embedded in Web server software. By using technologies to enable the clear presentation of this Web-based data in real time to the end user—including data visualization, model comparison, and rig time usage—it is possible to improve real-time collaboration and perform drilling optimization actions from both a location remote to the wellsite (e.g., the operator's office or even a service company office) and the wellsite itself. By looking at three case studies in two locations (the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico), it is possible to show how technologies that enable collaboration between onshore and offshore personnel and manage drilling risks not only improve operations monitoring and reporting but reduce drilling process time. The three case studies demonstrate aid which eliminated an intermediate liner string; improved real-time understanding of well conditions by managing hole cleaning and drilling risks, ensured that a casing string could be successfully landed on bottom; and enabled cause-and-effect analysis of drilling events in real time in addition to post event analysis for improved evaluation of the drilling process. In all these cases, the use of enabling technologies within one integrated application brings advantages to the drilling process through the clear presentation of real-time drilling data, which allows easier interpretation of real-time drilling measurements.
Mesoporous Nickel Ferrites with Spinel Structure Prepared by an Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Method for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2014)

Submicron-sized mesoporous nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) spheres were prepared by an aerosol spray pyrolysis method using Pluronic F127 as a structure-directing agent, and their photocatalytic performance for hydrogen (H2) evolution was examined in an aqueous MeOH solution by visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The structure of the spherical mesoporous nickel ferrites was studied by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Mesoporous NiFe2O4 spheres of high specific surface area (278 m2 g–1) with a highly crystalline framework were prepared by adjusting the amount of structure-directing agent and the calcining condition. High photocatalytic activity of mesoporous NiFe2O4 for H2 evolution from water with methanol was achieved due to the combination of high surface area and high crystallinity of the nickel ferrites.
Investigation into Factors Influencing Stereoselectivity in the Reactions of Heterocycles with Donor−Acceptor-Substituted Rhodium Carbenoids (2006)

Rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of aryldiazoacetates in the presence of pyrroles or furans results in mono- or biscyclopropanation of the heterocycle, but with opposite enantioinduction. In the absence of sterically encumbering groups, the cyclopropanation of furan occurs with initial bond formation at the 2-position. If this pathway is sterically blocked, cyclopropanation can occur with initial bond formation at the 3-position of the furan ring; in this case, the cyclopropanation reaction takes place on the opposite face of the heterocycle, and the opposite enantioinduction is observed. Upon extension of this methodology to benzofurans, a highly enantioselective monocyclopropanation reaction occurs to furnish a product derived from initial bond formation at the 2-position of the benzofuran. When this reaction pathway is inhibited by sterically encumbering substituents on the benzofuran, no cyclopropanation of the furan ring is observed, and instead, double cyclopropanation of the benzene ring occurs. Double cyclopropanation of the benzene ring was also observed in reactions with indoles.
TNK-Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1997)

TNK-TPA has a prolonged half-life so it can be administered as a single bolus. TNK-TPA appears to be very fibrin specific, and the initial patency and safety profiles are encouraging. Further study of this new thrombolytic agent is ongoing.
Optimal angular movement of laser beam in SPR using an embedded controller (2013)

This paper proposes and implements the PIC microcontroller based Surface Plasmon resonance analysis of bio molecular interaction. Surface Plasmon resonance [SPR] has becoming an important optical bio-sensing technology in the areas of medical, biological , biochemistry, pollution detection, aircraft and laboratory research. The SPR works on the principle of TIR, that when the stepper motor mounted laser beam moving back and forth is focused on the hypotenuse of the gold coated BK-7 prism at an angle greater than the critical angle, hence the laser beam gets reflected back and SPR is generated outward side of the gold coated surface is measured using LDR. The generation of SPR is measured in terms of Refractive index, the refractive index changes with respect to the applied sample (Dielectric loading). Hence even for a small change in molecular interaction can be found using SPR. The laboratory prototype of PIC microcontroller based SPR was characterized in terms of reflectance and intensity with respect to the incident beam. In the design of instrument PIC 16F73 microcontroller is used to control the laser movement back and forth through stepper motor to increase the fastness and accuracy. This paper explains and demonstrates the importance of PIC microcontroller in the design and control of the instrument.
The Expression and Function of Cathepsin E in Dendritic Cells (2005)

Cathepsin E is an aspartic proteinase that has been implicated in Ag processing within the class II MHC pathway. In this study, we document the presence of cathepsin E message and protein in human myeloid dendritic cells, the preeminent APCs of the immune system. Cathepsin E is found in a perinuclear compartment, which is likely to form part of the endoplasmic reticulum, and also a peripheral compartment just beneath the cell membrane, with a similar distribution to that of Texas Red-dextran within 2 min of endocytosis. To investigate the function of cathepsin E in processing, a new soluble targeted inhibitor was synthesized by linking the microbial aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin to mannosylated BSA via a cleavable disulfide linker. This inhibitor was shown to block cathepsin D/E activity in cell-free assays and within dendritic cells. The inhibitor blocked the ability of dendritic cells from wild-type as well as cathepsin D-deficient mice to present intact OVA, but not an OVA-derived peptide, to cognate T cells. The data therefore support the hypothesis that cathepsin E has an important nonredundant role in the class II MHC Ag processing pathway within dendritic cells.
The future of host cell protein (HCP) identification during process development and manufacturing linked to a risk‐based management for their control (2015)

The use of biological systems to synthesize complex therapeutic products has been a remarkable success. However, during product development, great attention must be devoted to defining acceptable levels of impurities that derive from that biological system, heading this list are host cell proteins (HCPs). Recent advances in proteomic analytics have shown how diverse this class of impurities is; as such knowledge and capability grows inevitable questions have arisen about how thorough current approaches to measuring HCPs are. The fundamental issue is how to adequately measure (and in turn monitor and control) such a large number of protein species (potentially thousands of components) to ensure safe and efficacious products. A rather elegant solution is to use an immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) based on polyclonal antibodies raised to the host cell (biological system) used to synthesize a particular therapeutic product. However, the measurement is entirely dependent on the antibody serum used, which dictates the sensitivity of the assay and the degree of coverage of the HCP spectrum. It provides one summed analog value for HCP amount; a positive if all HCP components can be considered equal, a negative in the more likely event one associates greater risk with certain components of the HCP proteome. In a thorough risk-based approach, one would wish to be able to account for this. These issues have led to the investigation of orthogonal analytical methods; most prominently mass spectrometry. These techniques can potentially both identify and quantify HCPs. The ability to measure and monitor thousands of proteins proportionally increases the amount of data acquired. Significant benefits exist if the information can be used to determine critical HCPs and thereby create an improved basis for risk management. We describe a nascent approach to risk assessment of HCPs based upon such data, drawing attention to timeliness in relation to biosimilar initiatives. The development of such an approach requires databases based on cumulative knowledge of multiple risk factors that would require national and international regulators, standards authorities (e.g., NIST and NIBSC), industry and academia to all be involved in shaping what is the best approach to the adoption of the latest bioanalytical technology to this area, which is vital to delivering safe efficacious biological medicines of all types.
Age-related responses of the microcirculation to ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation (2001)

Aging is a major risk factor for a variety of ischemic disorders including ischemic heart disease and stroke. Intense research over the past decade into ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has implicated a general mechanism whereby reactive oxygen species produced at the onset of reperfusion overwhelm endogenous antioxidants, resulting in a cascade of events including mast cell degranulation, recruitment of neutrophils to the endothelial wall, arteriolar constriction that limits tissue perfusion, and increased vascular permeability that leads to inflammation and edema. Much of our knowledge regarding I/R injury comes from animal models; however, despite the fact that I/R disproportionately affects older individuals, young animals are usually chosen in models of I/R injury due to their greater availability, lower cost, and fewer health problems. Results obtained from young animals demonstrate a central role for both neutrophils and mast cells in I/R-induced increases in microvascular permeability and arteriolar constriction; however, it is not clear that a role for neutrophils is extended to older animals. A growing body of evidence indicates that neutrophils isolated from elderly individuals exhibit attenuated chemotaxis, oxidant release, and phagocytosis, and it has been suggested that these deficiencies are related to an age-associated increase in glucocorticoid production and oxidative stress. Therefore, neutrophils may have a limited capacity to influence microcirculatory tissue in the elderly compared to in the young. In support of this hypothesis, I/R-induced increases in microvascular permeability and decreases in vascular perfusion have been found to occur in older rats despite the absence of a significant increase in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Furthermore, elimination of circulating neutrophils attenuates I/R-induced mesenteric permeability only in young rats. Therefore, it appears that neutrophil-independent mechanisms of inflammation may be responsible for much of the microvascular dysfunction initiated by I/R in older animals.
Effect of antigen/antibody ratio on macrophage uptake, processing, and presentation to T cells of antigen complexed with polyclonal antibodies. (1991)

Activation of a galactosidase-specific murine T hybridoma clone and of a human tetanus toxoid-specific T clone by antigen-presenting cells (APC) was used to evaluate the regulatory function of antibodies complexed with the relevant antigen. Complexed antigen, in fact, is taken up with high efficiency thanks to Fc receptors borne by APC. Antibody/antigen ratio in the complexes proved to be a critical parameter in enhancing antigen presentation. Complexes in moderate antibody excess provided optimal T cell activation independently of the physical state of the complexes (precipitated by a second antibody or solubilized by complement). Complexes in extreme antibody excess, on the contrary, did not yield T cell activation although taken up by APC efficiently. The effect of antibodies at extreme excess was observed with substimulatory dose of antigen (loss of potentiation) and with optimal dose of antigen (loss of stimulation). An excess of specific polyclonal antibodies hampers proteolytic degradation of antigen in vitro, supporting the view that a similar mechanism may operate within the APC that have internalized immune complexes in extreme antibody excess. The possibility that immune complex forming in extreme antibody excess may turn off the T cell response is proposed as a regulatory mechanism.
Recent developments in the hammerhead ribozyme field (1998)

Developments in the hammerhead ribozyme field during the last two years are reviewed here. New results on the specificity of this ribozyme, the mechanism of its action and on the question of metal ion involvement in the cleavage reaction are discussed. To demonstrate the potential of ribozyme technology examples of the application of this ribozyme for the inhibition of gene expression in cell culture, in animals, as well as in plant models are presented. Particular emphasis is given to critical steps in the approach, including RNA site selection, delivery, vector development and cassette construction.
A new watermarking Scheme for CAD engineering drawings (2008)

So far most watermarking schemes focus mainly on common dot image, audio, video and text. Studies on the watermarking of vector graphics especially the 2D vector engineering drawings have only just begun. This paper proposed a novel watermarking technique for 2D engineering drawings, which is based on Modulus operation and Hopfield network. Watermark is embedded proportionately into the lengths of lines from an engineering drawing via Modulus calculation and can be extracted without exploiting the original engineering drawing. To improve the security of watermarking, we preprocess the watermark data using Arnold transform before embedding. By means of Hopfield network the extracted watermark can be further recovered and amended effectively. Experimental results show the proposed watermarking scheme is almost completely robust to rotate, scale, transplant (RST) as well as their combinations, and also strong enough to cropping attacks.
Immunobiology Of Cr2, The Lymphocyte B Receptor For Epstein-Barr Virus And The C3d Complement Fragment (1988)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More