gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bovine lactoferrin binding to six species of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections (1990)

Bovine lactoferrin (BLf), an acute-phase iron-binding secretory protein present in secretions of the bovine udder, was demonstrated to bind to the following staphylococcal species associated with bovine intramammary infections: S. epidermidis, S. warneri, S. hominis, S. xylosus, S. hyicus, and S. chromogenes. The degree of 125I-labeled BLf uptake significantly varied among the blood agar-grown cells of all six species of coagulase-negative staphylococci tested. Isolates identified as S. xylosus demonstrated the highest (mean, 35.1 x 10(6) +/- 13.3 x 10(6) nmol) and S. hyicus the lowest (mean, 10.7 x 10(6) +/- 5.9 x 10(6) nmol) binding to 125I-BLf. BLf binding was optimum at an acidic pH, with time-dependent binding saturation ranging from 70 min for S. warneri to 240 min for S. hominis. The BLf-binding mechanism was specific, with affinity constants (Ka values) ranging between 0.96 x 10(6) and 11.90 x 10(6) liters/mol. The numbers of BLf-binding sites per cell, as determined by using Scatchard analysis, were as follows: S. epidermidis, 3,600; S. warneri, 1,900; S. hominis, 4,100; S. xylosus, 4,400; S. hyicus, 6,100; and S. chromogenes, 4,700. 125I-BLf binding to all species was inhibited by unlabled BLf and unlabeled human lactoferrin, whereas none of the various plasma, connective tissue, or mucosal secretory proteins or carbohydrates tested caused significant interference. BLf-binding receptors of the six coagulase-negative staphylococcal species demonstrated marked differences in patterns of susceptibility to proteolytic or glycolytic enzyme digestion and to heat or periodate treatment. These data suggest that the BLf-binding components in S. epidermidis and S. warneri are proteins containing glycosidyl residues. In the remaining four species, the proteinaceous nature of the BLf-binding component was evident, but the involvement of glycosidyl residues was not clear. Results of this study establish the presence of specific binding components for BLf on coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections.
Medical futility and the critically ill patient. (1999)

Today, the world of critical care medicine has given us the capabilities to accomplish things that were only dreamed of a few decades ago. When combined with the increasing importance of patient autonomy and economics in healthcare, these new capabilities have caused conflicts about what is too little, and what is too much. Medical futility becomes an issue whenever these conflicts arise. Understanding how to deal with issues surrounding futility begins with defining it. A firm definition is not possible or desirable, but revolves around the probability of being able to achieve a patient's goal with modern medicine. Establishing this understanding between the patient and their family (team), and the healthcare team, is dependent on trust between the two. It must be recognized that there are many reasons for families to not trust healthcare professionals and that these reasons need to be explored and dealt with. Sometimes conflicts regarding predictions and economics need to be addressed. Once trust is established a goal for a course of medical treatment should be discussed from the patient's perspective. This discussion should involve the physician's best judgement as to the chances of achieving this goal, and what type of discomfort or indignity, if any, the patient may experience. Only after these have been clearly discussed can decisions regarding medical futility be made. To date, the U. S. Courts have refused to grant physicians and hospitals the power to override the opinions of family members on matters of futility. However, with time, a consensus of public opinion should influence decisions regarding medical futility.
Non-hemolytic α-AApeptides as antimicrobial peptidomimetics (2011)

We report a new class of peptide mimetics, α-AApeptides, that display broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. With non-hemolytic activity, resistance to protease hydrolysis, and easy sequence programmability, α-AApeptides may emerge as a novel class of antibiotics.
Smallest Carbon Nanotube Assigned with Atomic Resolution Accuracy (2008)

The smallest carbon nanotubes with the chiral index (3,3), (4,3), or (5,1) were unambiguously identified for the first time. They were grown inside single-wall carbon nanotubes with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 nm, and the chiral indices were experimentally assigned beyond a doubt by an aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In contrast to a theoretical prediction, the (3,3) nanotube is rather unstable and extremely sensitive to the electron beam and, therefore, may not survive alone without the protection of outer nanotube. The cap structure of (3,3) nanotube is also well-explained by a half-dome of C20 fullerene, which consists of six pentagons only.
Lymphatic clearance during compressive loading. (1981)

Lymphatic clearance of radioactive sulfur colloid is measured as a function of externally applied pressure on the hind limb of mongrel dogs. A dead weight device is placed over the site of subcutaneous injection. A solid state Si (Li) is placed into a slot at the bottom of the device to continuously record activity of the tracer. An exponential decrease in activity is modeled as a dual decay resulting from both tracer half life decay and lymphatic clearance of the tagged sulfur colloid. External pressure is seen to enhance lymph clearance until a critical closing pressure is reached, whereupon the vessel collapses and lymph flow is drastically reduced. A closing pressure of 60 mmHg is observed for several experiments. Lymph flow per tissue volume is seen to rise from a mean of 0.324 ml/hr/ml for uncompressed tissue to 0.96 ml/hr/ml for fully enhanced flow in other experiments at 60 mmHg. Results at a pressure of 75 mmHg show almost no lymph clearance suggesting complete vessel closure.
Glucose Homeostasis in Children with Falciparum Malaria: Precursor Supply Limits Gluconeogenesis and Glucose Production (1997)

To evaluate glucose kinetics in children with falciparum malaria, basal glucose production and gluconeogenesis and an estimate of the flux of the gluconeogenic precursors were measured in Kenyan children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria before (n 11) and during infusion of alanine (1.5 mg/kgmin; n 6).Glucose production was measured by [6,6-2 H 2 ]glucose, gluconeogenesis by mass isotopomer distribution analysis of glucose labeled by [2-13 C]glycerol.Basal plasma glucose concentration ranged from 2.1-5.5 mmol/L, and basal glucose production ranged from 3.3-7.3mg/kgmin.Glucose production was largely derived from gluconeogenesis (73 4%; range, 52-93%).During alanine infusion, plasma glucose increased by 0.4 mmol/L (P 0.03), glucose production increased by 0.8 mg/kgmin (P 0.02), and gluconeogenesis increased by 0.8 mg/kgmin (P 0.04).We conclude that glucose production in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria is largely dependent on gluconeogenesis.However, gluconeogenesis is potentially limited by insufficient precursor supply.These data indicate that in children with falciparum malaria, gluconeogenesis fails to compensate in the presence of decreased glycogen flux to glucose, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
Helicobacter pylori and gastric malignancies (2003)

Despite decreasing incidence during the last 50 years, gastric cancer still ranks as one of the most frequent cancers. A multifactorial model of human gastric carcinogenesis is currently accepted in which different dietary and nondietary factors, including genetic susceptibility of the host and Helicobacter pylori infection are involved at different stages in the cancer process. On the molecular level, at least two phenotypes, associated with distinct pathways of genome destabilization, have been identified. However, applying new technologies such as cDNA microarrays a new era in the analysis of molecular markers has started. This molecular technology may open the path towards novel treatment modalities, i.e. gene therapy. Epidemiological, biological, and molecular genetic studies have also implicated the role of H. pylori in lymphomagenesis. Knowledge of pathogenesis and therapy is increasing while good epidemiological data are rare. Many studies have demonstrated that MALT-type lymphomas develop along two different pathways: t(11;18)-positive cases, and t(11;18)-negative cases. Meanwhile, a third translocation could be detected, the t(14;18), opening the discussion of a possible third pathway of lymphoma development.
Delivery Date Decision Support System for the Large Scale Make-to-Order Manufacturing Companies: An Electric Motor Company Case (1998)

In the make-to-order (MTO) manufacturing environment, one of the important issues is setting attainable delivery dates for customer orders, which significantly affects the performance of the MTO manufacturing. Although this topic has received considerable attention in the literature, most of the efforts took a lower level approach that is concerned primarily with the effect of various delivery date assignment methods on the relative performance of some dispatching rules. This paper proposes the delivery date decision support system which takes a higher level approach of integrating the marketing and production planning functions with the consideration of the current capacity and the workload smoothing. The proposed system has been implemented in a Rotating Machinery Shop and the results of the implementation showed good performance.
‘Wiring’ of glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase within a hydrogel made with poly(vinyl pyridine) complexed with [Os(4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)2Cl]+/2+ (1996)

Glucose and lactate electrodes based on hydrogels made by crosslinking glucose oxidase and the redox polymer formed upon complexing poly(vinyl pyridine)(PVP) with [Os(dmo-bpy)2Cl]+/2+(dmo-bpy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) on vitreous carbon electrode surfaces have been investigated. The redox potential of the hydrogels was +35 mV vs. SCE and their glucose electrooxidation current reached a plateau at +150 mV vs. SCE. Urate and acetaminophen were not electrooxidized at this potential at rates that would interfere with the glucose and lactate assays. At a glucose concentration of 1 mM, the addition of 0.1 mM ascorbate increased the current by 17%. At 5 mM glucose, switching the atmosphere from argon to oxygen reduced the currents by 11%.
Transfer Learning Improves Supervised Image Segmentation Across Imaging Protocols (2014)

The variation between images obtained with different scanners or different imaging protocols presents a major challenge in automatic segmentation of biomedical images. This variation especially hampers the application of otherwise successful supervised-learning techniques which, in order to perform well, often require a large amount of labeled training data that is exactly representative of the target data. We therefore propose to use transfer learning for image segmentation. Transfer-learning techniques can cope with differences in distributions between training and target data, and therefore may improve performance over supervised learning for segmentation across scanners and scan protocols. We present four transfer classifiers that can train a classification scheme with only a small amount of representative training data, in addition to a larger amount of other training data with slightly different characteristics. The performance of the four transfer classifiers was compared to that of standard supervised classification on two magnetic resonance imaging brain-segmentation tasks with multi-site data: white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid segmentation; and white-matter-/MS-lesion segmentation. The experiments showed that when there is only a small amount of representative training data available, transfer learning can greatly outperform common supervised-learning approaches, minimizing classification errors by up to 60%.
Distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils: A model (1988)

Research Article| April 01, 1988 Distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils: A model Larry Mayer; Larry Mayer 1Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Leslie D. McFadden; Leslie D. McFadden 2Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jennifer W. Harden Jennifer W. Harden 3U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 975, Menlo Park, California 94025 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Larry Mayer 1Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 Leslie D. McFadden 2Department of Geology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 Jennifer W. Harden 3U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 975, Menlo Park, California 94025 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1988) 16 (4): 303–306. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0303:DOCCID>2.3.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Larry Mayer, Leslie D. McFadden, Jennifer W. Harden; Distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils: A model. Geology 1988;; 16 (4): 303–306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0303:DOCCID>2.3.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract A model that describes the distribution of calcium carbonate in desert soils as a function of dust flux, time, climate, and other soil-forming factors shows which factors most strongly influence the accumulation of carbonate and can be used to evaluate carbonate-based soil age estimates or paleoclimatic reconstructions. Models for late Holocene soils have produced carbonate distributions that are very similar to those of well-dated soils in New Mexico and southern California. These results suggest that (1) present climate is a fair representation of late Holocene climate, (2) carbonate dust flux can be approximated by its Holocene rate, and (3) changes in climate and/or dust flux at the end of the Pleistocene effected profound and complex changes in soil carbonate distributions. Both higher carbonate dust flux and greater effective precipitation are required during the latest Pleistocene-early Holocene to explain carbonate distributions in latest Pleistocene soils. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Anti-ldiotype Antibodies: Novel Therapeutic Approach to Cancer Therapy (2020)

Antibodies can be made to many structures in the variable region associated with the light chain, heavy chain, or a combination of both chains. Immunoglobulin molecules possess variable regions specific for antigen recognition. The idea of anti-Ids as vaccines against infectious disease has been derived from the successful preparation and characterization of anti-Id antibodies able to mimic bacterial and viral antigens. Anti-Id responses have been implicated in the induction of anti-tumor immunity to colorectal cancer. Potential heterologous and homologous anti-Id vaccines may be replaced by synthetic peptide antigens. The anti-Id approach needs to be compared to other tumor therapies, both established and experimental. A realistic assessment of anti-Id therapy predicts that complete remissions in patients with advanced disease will be unlikely. Additional patients have been treated with individually tailored anti-Id antibodies of varying antibody subclasses. Immunization with anti-Id antibodies represents a novel new approach to active immunotherapy.
Distribution of testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG) in the higher vertebrates. (1977)

The presence of testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG) in a variety of higher vertebrate species has been investigated by an ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. TeBG has been demonstrated in significant amounts in primates, carnivora, marsupiala, and some artiodactyla, even in circumstances where previously electrophoretic studies failed to identify it. For the first time it has also been shown in trace amounts in certain rodents and birds. TeBG in the kangaroo substantiates the primitiveness of the protein in the mammal line and its absence in certain orders and species of eutherian mammals must represent a secondary loss.
Therapeutic utilities of fibroblast growth factor 19 (2011)

The ability of FGF19 to regulate bile acid homeostasis, gallbladder filling and tumor development and its potent ability to normalize glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis have made it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with gallstones, cancer and metabolic diseases, among others. Its potential utility as a novel therapeutic for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is of particular interest. The ability to separate the undesired mitogenic activity from its potent metabolic activities has opened new opportunities for the development of potential therapeutic molecules based on FGF19 in treating various conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.
Ultra-wideband Narrowband Interference Cancellation and Channel Modeling for Communications (2005)

Interest in Ultra-wideband (UWB) has surged since the FCC's approval of a First Report and Order in February 2002 which provides spectrum for the use of UWB in various application areas. Because of the extremely large bandwidth UWB is currently being touted as a solution for high data rate, short-range wireless networks. An integral part of designing systems for this application or any application is an understanding of the statistical nature of the wireless UWB channel. This thesis presents statistical characterizations for the large and small scale indoor channel. Specifically, for large scale modeling channel frequency dependence is investigated in order to justify the application of traditional narrowband path loss models to UWB signals. Average delay statistics and their distributions are also presented for small scale channel modeling. The thesis also investigates narrowband interference cancellation. To protect legacy narrowband systems the FCC requires any UWB transmission to maintain a very low power spectral density. However, a UWB system may therefore be hampered by the presence of a higher power narrowband signal. Narrowband interferers have a much greater power spectral density than UWB signals and can negatively affect signal acquisition, demodulation, and ultimately lead to poor bit error performance. It is therefore desirable to mitigate any in-band narrowband interference. If the interferer's frequency is known then it may simply be removed using a notched filter. It is however of more interest to develop an adaptive solution capable of canceling interference at any frequency across the band. Solutions which are applied in the analog front end are preferable to digital backend solutions since the latter require extremely high rate sampling. The thesis therefore discusses two analog front-end interference cancellation techniques. The first technique digitally estimates the narrowband interference (this is possible because the UWB signal is not being sampled) and produces an RF estimate to perform the narrowband cancellation in the analog domain. Two estimation techniques, an LMS algorithm and a transversal filter, are compared according to their error performances. The second solution performs real-time Fourier analysis using transform domain processing. The signal is converted to the frequency domain using chirp Fourier transforms and filtered according to the UWB spectrum. This technique is also characterized in terms of bit error rate performance. Further discussion is provided on chirp filter bandwidths, center frequencies, and the applicability of the technology to UWB.
Nanotechnology for drug delivery: the perfect partnership (2008)

The pipelines of pharmaceutical companies are in many cases believed to be drying up and many blockbuster drugs are expected to be coming off patent in the near term. The application of nanotechnology to drug delivery is widely expected to create novel therapeutics capable of changing the landscape for pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. This editorial highlights the nanotechnology platforms that are under development or in clinical use today, and points to exciting areas of opportunity where nanotechnology may enable the development of more effective and safer targeted therapeutics for a myriad of clinical applications.
Structural Basis of Transcription: RNA Polymerase II at 2.8 Ångstrom Resolution (2001)

Structures of a 10-subunit yeast RNA polymerase II have been derived from two crystal forms at 2.8 and 3.1 angstrom resolution. Comparison of the structures reveals a division of the polymerase into four mobile modules, including a clamp, shown previously to swing over the active center. In the 2.8 angstrom structure, the clamp is in an open state, allowing entry of straight promoter DNA for the initiation of transcription. Three loops extending from the clamp may play roles in RNA unwinding and DNA rewinding during transcription. A 2.8 angstrom difference Fourier map reveals two metal ions at the active site, one persistently bound and the other possibly exchangeable during RNA synthesis. The results also provide evidence for RNA exit in the vicinity of the carboxyl-terminal repeat domain, coupling synthesis to RNA processing by enzymes bound to this domain.
Scattering and extinction: dependence upon raindrop size distribution in temperate (Barcelona) and tropical (Belem) regions (1997)

This paper gives a summary of the salient results derived from experimental campaigns carried out in Belem and Barcelona in 1994. The instrumentation used is briefly described. The research shows that there was no significant differences in raindrop size distribution N(D,R) between the two sites. Both log-normal and gamma distributions are adequate to model the distributions. The N(D,R)-based equivalent radar reflectivity and specific attenuation are given and compared with litterature results.
Correction of murine galactosialidosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages overexpressing human protective protein/cathepsin A under control of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor promoter (1998)

Galactosialidosis (GS) is a human neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA). The GS mouse model resembles the severe human condition, resulting in nephropathy, ataxia, and premature death. To rescue the disease phenotype, GS mice were transplanted with bone marrow from transgenic mice overexpressing human PPCA specifically in monocytes/macrophages under the control of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor promoter. Transgenic macrophages infiltrated and resided in all organs and expressed PPCA at high levels. Correction occurred in hematopoietic tissues and nonhematopoietic organs, including the central nervous system. PPCA-expressing perivascular and leptomeningeal macrophages were detected throughout the brain of recipient mice, although some neuronal cells, such as Purkinje cells, continued to show storage and died. GS mice crossed into the transgenic background reflected the outcome of bone marrow-transplanted mice, but the course of neuronal degeneration was delayed in this model. These studies present definite evidence that macrophages alone can provide a source of corrective enzyme for visceral organs and may be beneficial for neuronal correction if expression levels are sufficient.