gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-cost optical microstructures fabricated by imprinting porous silicon (2010)

We present a direct-to-device method for stamping porous silicon to produce optical microstructures. The stamping technique utilizes a reusable silicon stamp fabricated by standard lithographic methods. Large area (9mm<sup>2</sup>) stamps are applied to single layer thin films of porous silicon with a force on the order of 1kN. The process affords precise control over both lateral and vertical dimensions of patterning while maintaining large area uniformity. We demonstrate tunable imprint depths in the 10nm-120nm range as well as lateral feature sizes down to 0.25&mu;m. Imprinted structures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical diffraction experiments. By utilizing reusable stamps and a straightforward technique, the overall process can be performed at low-cost and high throughput. This enables a wide variety of optical microstructures to be readily fabricated. As an example, we present a porous diffraction grating and demonstrate proof-of-concept sensing capabilities, for exposure to water vapor as well as small molecules (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane). Additional device structures enabled by this fabrication process are also discussed. The stamping process is expected to be applicable to other porous materials such as porous titania, porous alumina, and porous silica.
Stability of irradiation-induced point defects on walls of carbon nanotubes (2002)

Using empirical-potential and tight-binding models, we study the structure and stability of atomic-scale irradiation-induced defects on walls of carbon nanotubes. Since atomic vacancies are the most prolific but metastable defects which appear under low-dose, low-temperature ion irradiation, we model the temporal evolution of single vacancies and vacancy-related defects (which isolated vacancies can turn into) and calculate their lifetimes at various temperatures. We further simulate scanning-tunneling microscopy (STM) images of irradiated nanotubes with the defects, employing for this the tight-binding Green’s function technique. Our simulations demonstrate that the defects live long enough at low temperatures to be detected by STM and that different defects manifest themselves in STM images in different ways, all of which makes it possible to detect and distinguish the defects experimentally.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Reactive Ultrathin Films Mediated by Click‐Type Reactions of Poly(2‐Alkenyl Azlactone)s (2007)

Covalently crosslinked ultrathin films can be fabricated layer-by-layer by exploiting fast and efficient click-type reactions between polyamines and the ‘spring-loaded' functionality of poly(2-alkenyl azlactone)s. The accessibility and reactivity of residual azlactone functionality in these ultrathin materials permits further functionalization post-fabrication, suggesting new approaches to the modification, passivation, or patterning of curved or topologically complex surfaces with chemical or biological functionality. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0822_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Combining missing-feature theory, speech enhancement and speaker-dependent/-independent modeling for speech separation (2006)

This paper considers the separation and recognition of overlapped speech sentences assuming single-channel observation.A system based on a combination of several different techniques is proposed.The system uses a missing-feature approach for improving crosstalk/noise robustness, a Wiener filter for speech enhancement, hidden Markov models for speech reconstruction, and speaker-dependent/-independent modeling for speaker and speech recognition.We develop the system on the Speech Separation Challenge database, involving a task of separating and recognizing two mixing sentences without assuming advanced knowledge about the identity of the speakers nor about the signal-to-noise ratio.The paper is an extended version of a previous conference paper submitted for the challenge.
Design and in vivo evaluation of carvedilol buccal mucoadhesive patches. (2008)

The buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. Carvedilol (dose, 3.125-25 mg) is beta-adrenergic antagonist. Its oral bioavailability is 25-35% because of first pass metabolism. Buccal absorption studies of a carvedilol solution in human volunteers showed 32.86% drug absorption. FTIR and UV spectroscopic methods revealed that there was no interaction between carvedilol and polymers. Carvedilol patches were prepared using HPMC, carbopol 934, eudragit RS 100, and ethylcellulose. The patches were evaluated for their thickness uniformity, folding endurance, weight uniformity, content uniformity, swelling behaviour, tensile strength, and surface pH. In vitro release studies were conducted for carvedilol-loaded patches in phosphate buffer (pH, 6.6) solution. Patches exhibited drug release in the range of 86.26 to 98.32% in 90 min. Data of in vitro release from patches were fit to different equations and kinetic models to explain release profiles. Kinetic models used were zero and first-order equations, Hixon-Crowell, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. In vivo drug release studies in rabbits showed 90.85% of drug release from HPMC-carbopol patch while it was 74.63 to 88.02% within 90 min in human volunteers. Good correlation among in vitro release and in vivo release of carvedilol was observed.
Messenger RNAs from the E1 region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 detected in virus-infected bovine cells (1987)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA replicated to a high copy number in virus-infected bovine fibroblasts. Infected bovine cells were therefore used as a source of RNA for Northern blotting analysis to search for viral transcripts hybridizing to the E1 gene region, implicated in viral DNA replication. Cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA preparations contained at least five different E1-region transcripts, ranging from 1200 to approximately 4500 nucleotides in length. All of these species contained sequence information from the 5'-end of the E1 open reading frame, but only the largest species included sequences from its central portion. The latter transcript is a candidate mRNA for a stimulatory replication factor (R) previously mapped by genetic experiments (1).
Knockdown of c‐FLIPL enhanced AD5‐10 anti‐death receptor 5 monoclonal antibody‐induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells (2009)

It is reported that the agonistic antibodies against death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4, DR5) are cytotoxic to various cancer cells. In the present study, the sensitivity of five human lung cancer cell lines to previously reported AD5-10 agonistic antibody against DR5 were investigated. Of these cell lines, A549 and small cell lung cancer showed a moderate sensitivity to AD5-10 and three other cell lines were resistant. Cell line H460 is resistant to AD5-10 despite a high level of cell-surface DR5 expression. We demonstrated that the resistance of H460 cells to AD5-10 was not related to the expression level of DR5, but the expression and cleavage of c-FLIP(L) in the cells. Inhibition of endogenous c-FLIP(L) expression by siRNA significantly enhanced AD5-10-induced cell death in these lung cancer cells. We further showed that this sensitizing effect was associated with decreased expression of Bcl-2 family proteins Bid and Bcl-X(L), change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and caspase activation. Therefore, these data provide evidence that c-FLIP(L) is involved in the resistance of lung cancer cells to AD5-10-induced apoptosis. Moreover, immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue revealed that c-FLIP(L) was expressed in 87.9% (29 of 33) of lung carcinoma tissues from the patients, but little in tissues from normal controls. This suggests that inhibition of c-FLIP(L) expression might be a potential strategy for lung cancer therapy, especially for those lung cancers resistant to the agonistic antibody against death receptors.
Modeling of Luminescence Quenching-Based Sensors: Comparison of Multisite and Nonlinear Gas Solubility Models (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModeling of Luminescence Quenching-Based Sensors: Comparison of Multisite and Nonlinear Gas Solubility ModelsJ. N. Demas, B. A. DeGraff, and Wenying. XuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 8, 1377–1380Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00104a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00104a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1059Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combining Model-Based and Model-Free Updates for Trajectory-Centric Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for real-world robotic applications need a data-efficient learning process and the ability to handle complex, unknown dynamical systems. These requirements are handled well by model-based and model-free RL approaches, respectively. In this work, we aim to combine the advantages of these two types of methods in a principled manner. By focusing on time-varying linear-Gaussian policies, we enable a model-based algorithm based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) that can be integrated into the model-free framework of path integral policy improvement (PI2). We can further combine our method with guided policy search (GPS) to train arbitrary parameterized policies such as deep neural networks. Our simulation and real-world experiments demonstrate that this method can solve challenging manipulation tasks with comparable or better performance than model-free methods while maintaining the sample efficiency of model-based methods. A video presenting our results is available at https://sites.google.com/site/icml17pilqr
Enzyme immunoassay of liver-type arginase and its potential clinical application (1993)

We developed an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for measurement of human liver-type arginase in serum. A conjugate of the Fab' fragment of anti-human liver (recombinant) arginase IgG and horseradish peroxidase was used as the second antibody. This assay is highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible, enabling us to detect arginase at concentrations as low as several micrograms per liter without any prior processing of serum. The reaction is linear up to 200 micrograms/L. The arginase concentration in serum, as determined by this method, increased markedly and temporarily at the time of surgical operation or later injury to the liver. The increase was accompanied or followed by increases in serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the arginase emerged from damaged hepatocytes. In view of a limited tissue distribution of liver-type arginase, our ELISA system may be useful in diagnosis of various hepatic disorders as well as follow-up of postoperative conditions of patients.
DisturbLabel: Regularizing CNN on the Loss Layer (2016)

During a long period of time we are combating overfitting in the CNN training process with model regularization, including weight decay, model averaging, data augmentation, etc. In this paper, we present DisturbLabel, an extremely simple algorithm which randomly replaces a part of labels as incorrect values in each iteration. Although it seems weird to intentionally generate incorrect training labels, we show that DisturbLabel prevents the network training from over-fitting by implicitly averaging over exponentially many networks which are trained with different label sets. To the best of our knowledge, DisturbLabel serves as the first work which adds noises on the loss layer. Meanwhile, DisturbLabel cooperates well with Dropout to provide complementary regularization functions. Experiments demonstrate competitive recognition results on several popular image recognition datasets.
Limited Inhibitory Effects of Oseltamivir and Zanamivir on Human Sialidases (2008)

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza), two extensively used clinically effective anti-influenza drugs, are viral sialidase (also known as neuraminidase) inhibitors that prevent the release of progeny virions and thereby limit the spread of infection. Recently mortalities and neuropsychiatric events have been reported with the use of oseltamivir, especially in pediatric cases in Japan, suggesting that these drugs might also inhibit endogenous enzymes involved in sialic acid metabolism, including sialidase, sialyltransferase, and CMP-synthase, in addition to their inhibitory effects on the viral sialidase. The possible inhibition could account for some of the rare side effects of oseltamivir. However, there has been little direct evidence in regard to the sensitivities of animal sialidases to these drugs. Here, we examined whether these inhibitors might indeed affect the activities of human sialidases, which differ in primary structures and enzyme properties but possess tertiary structures similar to those of the viral enzymes. Using recombinant enzymes corresponding to the four human sialidases identified so far, we found that oseltamivir carboxylate scarcely affected the activities of any of the sialidases, even at 1 mM, while zanamivir significantly inhibited the human sialidases NEU3 and NEU2 in the micromolar range (K(i), 3.7 +/- 0.48 and 12.9 +/- 0.07 microM, respectively), providing a contrast to the low nanomolar concentrations at which these drugs block the activity of the viral sialidases.
Antibody-based inhibition of DKK1 suppresses tumor-induced bone resorption and multiple myeloma growth in vivo (2006)

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a soluble inhibitor of Wnt signaling secreted by multiple myeloma (MM) cells contributes to osteolytic bone disease by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoblasts. In this study, we tested the effect of anti-DKK1 therapy on bone metabolism and tumor growth in a SCID-rab system. SCID-rab mice were engrafted with primary MM cells expressing varying levels of DKK1 from 11 patients and treated with control and DKK1-neutralizing antibodies for 4 to 6 weeks. Whereas bone mineral density (BMD) of the implanted myelomatous bone in control mice was reduced during the experimental period, the BMD in mice treated with anti-DKK1 increased from pretreatment levels (P < .001). Histologic examination revealed that myelomatous bones of anti-DKK1-treated mice had increased numbers of osteocalcin-expressing osteoblasts and reduced number of multinucleated TRAP-expressing osteoclasts. The bone anabolic effect of anti-DKK1 was associated with reduced MM burden (P < .04). Anti-DKK1 also significantly increased BMD of the implanted bone and murine femur in nonmyelomatous SCID-rab mice, suggesting that DKK1 is physiologically an important regulator of bone remodeling in adults. We conclude that DKK1 is a key player in MM bone disease and that blocking DKK1 activity in myelomatous bones reduces osteolytic bone resorption, increases bone formation, and helps control MM growth.
[Effect of ulinastatin on delayed neuronal death in the gerbil hippocampus]. (1996)

Circadian clocks are located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus as well as in the peripheral tissues of mammals. Recent molecular studies have revealed that the phase of circadian gene expressions in peripheral clocks could entrain to time-imposed restricted feeding (RF) independently of the SCN. To elucidate whether endogenous insulin is involved in the entraining mechanisms of peripheral clocks to RF, we examined the expression profiles of clock genes in peripheral tissues of mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The circadian expressing genes (mPer1, mPer2, and BMAL1) underwent a phase-shift induced by RF in the heart, liver, and kidney of both diabetic and normal animals. However, the expression phase of mPer1 in these tissues of the diabetic mice significantly differed from those in the normal animals under RF. The expression phase of the circadian output gene, albumin D-site binding protein (DBP), was completely shifted by RF both in normal and in diabetic mice, suggesting that the endogenous insulin is not essential for the entrainment of peripheral clocks to feeding cycles in mice.
Quasispecies Structure and Persistence of RNA Viruses (1998)

Viral quasispecies are closely related (but nonidentical) mutant and recombinant viral genomes subjected to continuous genetic variation, competition, and selection. Quasispecies structure and dynamics of replicating RNA enable virus populations to persist in their hosts and cause disease. We review mechanisms of viral persistence in cells, organisms, and populations of organisms and suggest that the critical interplay between host and viral influences (including in some cases the quasispecies organization) is the main driving force for long-term survival of viruses in nature.
74‐1: Image Restoration for Display‐Integrated Camera (2020)

Under‐display camera is of great interest in the display industry potentially eliminating the display bezel and camera notch/hole in mobile devices. However, display panels cause complex signal modulation in the camera aperture which results in obscuration, attenuation and diffraction of the incident light. We propose a learning‐based image restoration approach to enable a camera to operate underneath the display without affecting the display contrast and color gamut.
Determination of Absolute Sound Levels and Acoustic Absorption Coefficients by Thermocouple Probes—Theory (1954)

A detailed theoretical analysis of the operation of thermocouple probes used to determine absolute sound levels or acoustic absorption coefficients is presented. The probe consists of a thermocouple imbedded in a sound absorbing medium which closely matches in density and sound velocity the medium in which the sound level is to be determined. In use the transducer which generates the acoustic field is excited to generate sound pulses with a rectangular envelope. The initial time rate of change of the temperature at the thermocouple junction is determined. In addition to the measurement of the temperature change, the calculation of the absolute sound intensity requires only a knowledge of the absorption coefficient of the imbedding material and its heat capacity per unit volume at the temperature at which the measurements are made. The theoretical discussion includes an analysis of the relation between the temperature rise at the junction resulting from absorption in the body of the imbedding medium and the sound level. In addition, the effects of (a) viscous forces arising from relative motion between the thermocouple and the imbedding fluid and (b) heat conduction between the thermocouple and the fluid, in contributing to the temperature change at the thermocouple junction are analyzed. Based on the analysis, a set of design formulas is obtained which are summarized and illustrated for the convenience of other investigators who may wish to design and use such probes.
Autonomic Live Adaptation of Virtual Computational Environments in a Multi-Domain Infrastructure (2006)

A shared distributed infrastructure is formed by federating computation resources from multiple domains. Such shared infrastructures are increasing in popularity and are providing massive amounts of aggregated computation resources to large numbers of users. Meanwhile, virtualization technologies, at machine and network levels, are maturing and enabling mutually isolated virtual computation environments for executing arbitrary parallel/distributed applications on top of such a shared physical infrastructure. In this paper; we go one step further by supporting autonomic adaptation of virtual computation environments as active, integrated entities. More specifically, driven by both dynamic availability of infrastructure resources and dynamic application resource demand, a virtual computation environment is able to automatically relocate itself across the infrastructure and scale its share of infrastructural resources. Such autonomic adaptation is transparent to both users of virtual environments and administrators of infrastructures, maintaining the look and feel of a stable, dedicated environment for the user As our proof-of-concept, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a system called VIOLIN, which is composed of a virtual network of virtual machines capable of live migration across a multi-domain physical infrastructure.
Condensation of pyrrole with aldehydes in the presence of Y zeolites and mesoporous MCM-41 aluminosilicate: on the encapsulation of porphyrin precursors (1998)

Condensation of pyrrole and benzaldehyde was carried out in isooctane or cyclohexane in the presence of MCM-41, HY (Si/Al 15) and CoY (Si/Al 2.6). In all cases, formation of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) was observed in the organic solutions, even after dissolving with hydrofluoric acid the resulting MCM-41 solid employed in the condensation. In addition, some reaction intermediates containing one to two pyrrole heterocycles were also characterized in these solutions. In spite of this, the diffuse reflectance and IR spectra of the organic material adsorbed in the aluminosilicates after the condensation reaction were remarkably different from those characteristic of TPP. This discrepancy indicates that the material adsorbed inside the solid pores is not TPP but most probably any of its immediate porphyrinogen precursors. In this regard, the coincidence of the diffuse reflectance spectra obtained after the synthesis with those characteristic of porphomethenes and porphodimethenes was noted. Condensation of pyrrole and acetaldehyde follows the same pattern: lack of formation of meso-tetramethylporphyrin (TMP) inside the pores according to diffuse reflectance and IR spectroscopies, but detectable amounts of TMP in the organic solutions.
Construction of a large scale membrane reactor system with different compartments for cells, medium and product. (1987)

A flat membrane reactor system has been designed where different membranes separate cells from medium and cells from product, respectively. By the use of this system the product can be enriched and partially purified within the reactor. Like other membrane systems perfect protection from mechanical stress of surface adherent as well as suspension type-cells is achieved. The scale up of the design is possible in a wide range. The prototype construction corresponds to a conventional reactor of appr. 300 l and contains a membrane area of 25 m2. Beside the three chamber operation mode it is possible to operate the system as a two chamber reactor. With slightly modified gaskets the reactor resembles a new type of tube reactor, where the cells can be refed on their way through the 50 m long tube.