gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of interleukin 3 and interleukin 11 on murine megakaryopoiesis in serum-free culture. (1992)

We investigated the effects of interleukin 11 (IL-11) on murine megakaryopoiesis in serum-free cultures, using nonadherent, nonphagocytic, and T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells. IL-11 alone had no influence on megakaryocyte (Meg) colony formation in serum-free methylcellulose cultures, but it significantly enhanced the growth of Meg and granulocyte-macrophage-Meg colonies supported by optimal and suboptimal concentrations of interleukin 3 (IL-3). IL-11 also increased the size of IL-3-dependent Meg colonies as well as increasing the size and DNA content of constituent Meg. In liquid cultures, IL-11 alone did not increase the number of Meg, but it enhanced their size and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) levels. The addition of IL-11 to cultures containing suboptimal concentrations of IL-3 resulted in a synergistic increase of Meg AchE. These results suggest that IL-11, similarly to interleukin 6, has an effect on Meg and acts synergistically with IL-3 to augment murine megakaryopoiesis in vitro.
A comparative study of CSF neurofilament light and heavy chain protein in MS (2013)

NfL proved to be a stable protein, an important prerequisite for a reliable biomarker, and the NF-light(®) ELISA performed better in discriminating patients from controls, compared with the ECL-NfH(SMI35) immunoassay. We confirmed and expanded upon previous findings regarding neurofilaments as quantitative markers of neurodegeneration. Our results further support the role of neurofilaments as a potential surrogate measure for neuroprotective treatment in MS studies.
Conjoint activity of anterior insular and anterior cingulate cortex: awareness and response (2010)

There is now a wealth of evidence that anterior insular and anterior cingulate cortices have a close functional relationship, such that they may be considered together as input and output regions of a functional system. This system is typically engaged across cognitive, affective, and behavioural contexts, suggesting that it is of fundamental importance for mental life. Here, we review the literature and reinforce the case that these brain regions are crucial, firstly, for the production of subjective feelings and, secondly, for co-ordinating appropriate responses to internal and external events. This model seeks to integrate higher-order cortical functions with sensory representation and autonomic control: it is argued that feeling states emerge from the raw data of sensory (including interoceptive) inputs and are integrated through representations in conscious awareness. Correspondingly, autonomic nervous system reactivity is particularly important amongst the responses that accompany conscious experiences. Potential clinical implications are also discussed.
Continuous positive airway pressure treatment for sleep apnoea: compliance increases with time in continuing users (2006)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the best treatment for sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). In the 1990s, many authors reported on daily compliance, but all of the studies utilised relatively short periods of follow-up that did not exceed a few years. The mean annual rate of CPAP use in patients with SAS was prospectively recorded. In the current study, the results are presented along with compliance data from patients who started CPAP between 1991 and 1998 and were still using it by the end of 2003. The cohort was chosen in order to obtain >or=5 yrs of follow-up for each patient. In total, there were 204 patients. For the whole group, mean+/-sd compliance reached 321+/-90 and 393+/-84 min after 1 and 10 yrs, respectively. There was no significant change in the first 2 yrs, with a significant increase from the third year onwards. Compliance, or its evolution over time, was not correlated either to the baseline polysomnographical data (except slightly for the CPAP pressure), to the difference of these data before and under CPAP therapy, to the age of retirement or to changes in the marital status. In conclusion, very long-term compliance with continuous positive airway pressure increases by a mean of 8 min.day-1 per year of follow-up in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome.
Compartmentalization of PDGF on extracellular binding sites dependent on exon-6-encoded sequences. (1992)

The PDGFs are a family of molecules assembled as disulfide-bonded homo- and heterodimers from two distinct but highly homologous polypeptide chains (PDGF-A and PDGF-B). Two PDGF A-chain transcripts, which arise from alternative usage of the 69-bp exon 6 and exon 7, give rise to two forms of PDGF-A. In spite of the conservation of two PDGF A-chain forms over at least 350 million years, no differences in their biological activities have been identified. We have investigated the activity of the sequence encoded by the alternatively spliced exon 6 of the PDGF A-chain (peptide AL). Addition of peptide AL at 10(-5)-10(-9) M to cultured endothelium and smooth muscle induced a dose-dependent, 3-20-fold increase in PDGF in conditioned media within 30 min. Peptide AL had no detectable effect on A- or B-chain transcript levels, and decrease in culture temperature did not prevent rapid release of PDGF. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with peptide AL, the PDGF release was principally PDGF-BB, while in smooth muscle cells it was primarily PDGF-AA. The capacity to induce release of PDGF is shared by the homologous peptide encoded by exon 6 of the B-chain of PDGF. Binding studies and cross-linking analysis are consistent with a charge-based association of exon 6 sequences with membrane- and matrix-associated heparan-sulfate proteoglycans. We hypothesize that translation of exon 6 of the A- or B-chain of PDGF results in compartmentalization of these forms of PDGF with HS-PG, whereas forms lacking this sequence would be soluble and diffuse.
Confocal imaging of biofilm formation process using fluoroprobed Escherichia coli and fluoro‐stained exopolysaccharide (2004)

We developed a novel method of evaluating biofilm architecture on a synthetic material using green fluorescent protein-expressing Escherichia coli and red fluorescence staining of exopolysaccharides. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation revealed the time course of the change in the in situ three-dimensional structural features of biofilm on a polyurethane film without structural destruction: initially adhered cells are grown to form cellular aggregates and secrete exopolysaccharides. These cells were spottily distributed on the surface at an early incubation time but fused to form a vertically grown biofilm with incubation time. Fluorescence intensity, which is a measure of the number of cells, determined using a fluorometer and biofilm thickness determined from confocal laser scanning microscopy vertical images were found to be effective for quantification of time-dependent growth of biofilms. The curli (surface-located fibers specifically binding to fibronectin and laminin)-producing Escherichia coli strain, YMel, significantly proliferated on fibronectin-coated polyurethane, whereas the curli-deficient isogenic mutant, YMel-1, did not. The understanding of biofilm architecture in molecular and morphological events and new fluorescence microscopic techniques may help in the logical surface design of biomaterials with a high antibacterial potential.
Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, demonstrates antifibrotic effects on lung fibroblasts (2009)

Dabigatran restrains important profibrotic events in lung fibroblasts and warrants study as a potential antifibrotic drug for the treatment of fibrosing lung diseases such as scleroderma lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Neuroprotection by NMDA Receptor Antagonists in a Variety of Neuropathologies (2001)

Because of adverse reactions, early efforts to introduce high affinity competitive or use-dependent NMDA receptor antagonists into patients suffering from stroke, head trauma or epilepsy met with failure. Later it was discovered that both low affinity use-dependent NMDA receptor antagonists and compounds with selective affinity for the NR2B receptor subunit met the criteria for safe administration into patients. Furthermore, these low affinity antagonists exhibit significant mechanistic differences from their higher affinity counterparts. Success of the latter is attested to the ability of the following low affinity compounds to be marketed: 1) Cough suppressant-dextromethorphan (available for decades); 2) Parkinson's disease--amantadine, memantine and budipine; 3) Dementia--memantine; and 4) Epilepsy--felbamate. Moreover, Phase III clinical trials are ongoing with remacemide for epilepsy and Huntington's disease and head trauma for HU-211. A host of compounds are or were under evaluation for the possible treatment of stroke, head trauma, hyperalgesia and various neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the fact that other drugs with associated NMDA receptor mechanisms have reached clinical status, this review focuses only on those competitive and use-dependent NMDA receptor antagonists that reached clinical trails. The ensuing discussions link the in vivo pharmacological investigations that led to the success/mistakes/ failures for eventual testing of promising compounds in the clinic.
VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION ATTENUATES CARDIAC TNF PRODUCTION IN ENDOTOXIC SHOCK. (2001)

Bernik, T R.; Ivanova, S M.; Ochani, M.; Ravnic, D.; Yang, H.; Sudan, S.; Czura, C J.; Tracey, K J. Author Information
Visual surveillance by depth from focus (2002)

This paper aims at describing a visual surveillance prototype system able to monitor a bounded (in depth) area by using a depth-from-focus approach. The single visual camera utilized is characterized by an adjustable lens objective controlled by a host computer. In this way, the system is capable to detect possible intruders entering in the controlled zone, recovering the range information by a depth-from-focus method, and tracking the incoming entity by using a simple strategy. Tracking is performed by computing the range distance such as to keep in focus the moving object that has violated the area. This method is based on an adaptive regulation strategy of the camera parameters which makes the system robust to lighting variations occurring in real environment. Preliminary results show the goodness of the proposed approach, especially concerning the depth information recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
siRNA target site secondary structure predictions using local stable substructures (2005)

The crystal structure based model of the catalytic center of Ago2 revealed that the siRNA and the mRNA must be able to form an A-helix for correct positing of the scissile phosphate bond for cleavage in RNAi. This suggests that base pairing of the target mRNA with itself, i.e. secondary structure, must be removed before cleavage. Early on in the siRNA design, GC-rich target sites were avoided because of their potential to be involved in strong secondary structure. It is still unclear how important a factor mRNA secondary structure is in RNAi. However, it has been established that a difference in the thermostability of the ends of an siRNA duplex dictate which strand is loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex. Here, we use a novel secondary structure prediction method and duplex-end differential calculations to investigate the importance of a secondary structure in the siRNA design. We found that the differential duplex-end stabilities alone account for functional prediction of 60% of the 80 siRNA sites examined, and that secondary structure predictions improve the prediction of site efficacy. A total of 80% of the non-functional sites can be eliminated using secondary structure predictions and duplex-end differential.
Gene replacement with one-sided homologous recombination. (1992)

Homologous recombination is now routinely used in mammalian cells to replace endogenous chromosomal sequences with transferred DNA. Vectors for this purpose are traditionally constructed so that the replacement segment is flanked on both sides by DNA sequences which are identical to sequences in the chromosomal target gene. To test the importance of bilateral regions of homology, we measured recombination between transferred and chromosomal immunoglobulin genes when the transferred segment was homologous to the chromosomal gene only on the 3' side. In each of the four recombinants analyzed, the 5' junction was unique, suggesting that it was formed by nonhomologous, i.e., random or illegitimate, recombination. In two of the recombinants, the 3' junction was apparently formed by homologous recombination, while in the other two recombinants, the 3' junction as well as the 5' junction might have involved a nonhomologous crossover. As reported previously, we found that the frequency of gene targeting increases monotonically with the length of the region of homology. Our results also indicate that targeting with fragments bearing one-sided homology can be as efficient as with fragments with bilateral homology, provided that the overall length of homology is comparable. The frequency of these events suggests that the immunoglobulin locus is particularly susceptible to nonhomologous recombination. Vectors designed for one-sided homologous recombination might be advantageous for some applications in genetic engineering.
Cytogenetic and Molecular Predictors of Outcome in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Recent Developments (2012)

During the last decade a tremendous technologic progress based on genome-wide profiling of genetic aberrations, structural DNA alterations, and sequence variations has allowed a better understanding of the molecular basis of pediatric and adult B/T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), contributing to a better recognition of the biological heterogeneity of ALL and to a more precise definition of risk factors. Importantly, these advances identified novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will be focused on the cytogenetic/molecular advances in pediatric and adult ALL based on recently published articles.
CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ENTERIC INFECTION WITH ADENOVIRUS TYPES 26 AND 27: RESPONSES TO PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND RECIPROCAL CROSS-CHALLENGES1 (1963)

Journal Article CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ENTERIC INFECTION WITH ADENOVIRUS TYPES 26 AND 27: RESPONSES TO PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND RECIPROCAL CROSS-CHALLENGES Get access JULIUS A. KASEL, JULIUS A. KASEL Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationsBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HUGH E. EVANS, HUGH E. EVANS Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationsBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ANDERSON SPICKARD, ANDERSON SPICKARD Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationsBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VERNON KNIGHT VERNON KNIGHT Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationsBethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 77, Issue 3, May 1963, Pages 265–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120318 Published: 01 May 1963 Article history Received: 27 December 1962 Published: 01 May 1963
Preparation of a New Carboranyl Lactoside for the Treatment of Cancer by Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Synthesis and Toxicity of Fluoro Carboranyl Glycosides for in vivo19F-NMR Spectroscopy (2000)

The synthesis of new ortho-carboranyl lactosides 8, 17, 19 and glucosides 22 and 23 for the use in boron neutron capture therapy is reported. Carboranyl lactosides 17 and 19 as well as the glucosides 22 and 23 contain a fluorine atom to allow a noninvasive determination of these compounds in tumor cells by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. In cloning efficiency tests on human bronchial carcinoma cells the carboranyl lactosides 17 and 19 displayed almost no cytotoxicity. Thus, the considerably cytotoxic carboranyl alcohol 11 is detoxified when linked to a sugar moiety such as in carboranyl glucoside 22.
Percutaneous Gastrostomy Guided by Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy (1995)

Percutaneous gastrostomy, utilizing a dedicated catheterization kit, with a combination of ultrasonographic (US) and fluoroscopic guidance, was carried out in 27 patients. The main indication for gastrostomy was the need for nutritional support in malignant esophageal stricture. After distending the stomach with water via a nasogastric tube, the gastric antrum was punctured under US guidance and a guide wire was inserted, followed by fluoroscopically guided tract dilatation and insertion of a 2.5-mm Cope-loop catheter. In all patients but one (96%) the procedure was successfully completed in one or 2 attempts. Two complications occurred: one case of a small subcutaneous abscess near the puncture site, and one late incident of dislodgement of a catheter without string-loop fixation, which had been inserted at a catheter exchange after 6 weeks. Percutaneous gastrostomy guided by US and fluoroscopy is a safe and efficacious alternative to endoscopic and surgical gastrostomy.
Evaluation of an improved thin-layer electrode (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of an improved thin-layer electrodeAttila. Yildiz, Peter T. Kissinger, and Charles N. ReilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 7, 1018–1024Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60263a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60263a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views472Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid preparation of monodispersed droplets with confluent laminar flows (2003)

We study the formation of micro droplets in confluent two-phase flows in a microfluidic system. Instability at the interface of two immiscible liquids undergoing laminar flow generates micro droplets of highly uniform size. Under high shear stress the droplets form rapidly, and more than 2000 droplets can be prepared of similar size. Droplet size can be controlled by varying the flow conditions. Also, the effect of tension at the interface is studied by comparing results from PMMA/glass devices. Monodisperse polymeric microspheres were successfully obtained by polymerization of prepared monomer droplets.
Carbohydrate Level and Growth of Tomato Plants (1984)

To what extent can the influence of environment on greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) be explained by a linear response of the growth rate to carbohydrate level? To answer this question, young tomato plants were transplanted in January and March and grown for one-month periods under natural light either with or without CO(2) enrichment to 1000 microliters per liter and either under a constant minimum temperature of 15 degrees C or a minimum temperature that fluctuated between 20 degrees C for 12 hours including the photoperiod and 10 degrees C for the remaining 12 hours. The carbohydrate levels were measured for plants under all growth conditions at several times in the diurnal cycle.At the average irradiance in January, 2.3 megajoules per square meter per day, plants under CO(2) enrichment grew 15% faster and had, on average, total nonstructural carbohydrate levels 27 milligrams per gram greater and soluble carbohydrates 3 milligrams per gram greater at all hours of the day than did plants grown under ambient CO(2). Plants grown under fluctuating diurnal temperature grew slightly faster and had total nonstructural carbohydrate levels on average 8 milligrams per gram greater than plants grown under a more constant temperature. At the average irradiance in March-April, 4.3 megajoules per square meter per day, growth and carbohydrate level increased with CO(2) enrichment under the control temperature regime but not under fluctuating temperatures. Plants in all growth regimens grew faster than in January.Over all plantings and growth regimens, relative growth rates were more highly correlated to total nonstructural carbohydrate levels than they were to irradiance, CO(2), or temperature.
Omega‐3 Dietary Supplements and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review (2009)

Dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids should be considered in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Temporal variation and detection limit of an estuarine bacterioplankton community analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) (2006)

To understand how the composition of estuarine bacterioplankton changes on a monthly basis, microbial communities in the Baltimore Inner Harbor were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene. As revealed by DGGE fingerprints, the composition of bacterioplankton populations in the harbor varied from month to month, and 3 major seasonal patterns were identified: winter (December and January), spring (February to May) and summer-fall (June to November). Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that Planctomycetes and uncultured -Proteobacteria were detected in all seasons. Roseobacter spp. and Rhodobacter sp. were only present in winter and spring. Marine -Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria exhibited similar seasonal patterns and appeared to be more dominant from late summer to fall. -Proteobacteria were present in most months, but different phylotypes were present from spring to summer-fall. -Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were only present in winter and early spring. In addition to DGGE analysis, 48 bacterial isolates from summer and winter were cultured and characterized. Few of these bacterial isolates matched with phylotypes determined by sequencing DGGE bands, which suggested that the density of 'easy-to-culture' bacteria in the natural environment may be too low to be detected by PCR-DGGE. Bacterial seeding experiments showed that detection thresholds for PCR-DGGE ranged from 2.5 10 3 to 1 10 4 cells ml -1 (0.1 to 0.4% of total cell counts), depending on the copy number of rRNA operons in the genome of individual species.