gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATM-based TH-SSMA network for multimedia PCS (1999)

Personal communications services (PCS) promise to provide a variety of information exchanges among users with any type of mobility, at any time, in any place, through any available device. To achieve this ambitious goal, two of the major challenges in the system design are: (i) to provide a high-speed wireless subsystem with large capacity and acceptable quality-of-service (QoS) and (ii) to design a network architecture capable of supporting multimedia traffic and various kinds of user mobility. A time-hopping spread-spectrum wireless communication system called ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) radio is used to provide communications that are low power, high data rate, fade resistant, and relatively shadow free in a dense multipath environment. Receiver-signal processing of UWB radio is described, and performance of such communications systems, in terms of multiple-access capability, is estimated under ideal multiple-access channel conditions. A UWB-signal propagation experiment is performed using the bandwidth in excess of 1 GHz in a typical modern office building in order to characterize the UWB-signal propagation channel. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the UWB radio and its robustness in a dense multipath environment. A ATM network is used as the backbone network due to its high bandwidth, fast switching capability, flexibility, and well-developed infrastructure. To minimize the impact caused by user mobility on the system performance, a hierarchical network-control architecture is postulated. A wireless virtual circuit (WVC) concept is proposed to improve the transmission efficiency and simplify the network control in the wireless subsystem. The key advantage of this network architecture and WVC concept is that the handoff can be done locally most of the time, due to the localized behavior of PCS users.
Diagnosis of partial androgen deficiency in the aging male. (2003)

From the age of 30 yrs on, the (free) testosterone [(F)T] levels decrease continuously with age, mean total T level at age 70 yrs, being only 2/3rds of the mean level at age 25 yrs, whereas mean FT level is only 40% of the mean level in young adults. However, inter-individual variations are wide and whereas at least 30% of men over age 70 yrs have clearly subnormal (F)T levels, 20% have still levels in the upper range of values in young men. Aging in males is accompanied by a series of signs and symptoms, reminiscent of androgen deficiency in young adults, such as decrease in muscle mass and strength, increase in abdominal, mainly visceral, fat with insulin resistance and atherogenic lipid profile, decrease in libido and sexual hair, osteopenia, decrease in cognitive performances, insomnia, excessive sweating and decrease in general well-being, and it is tempting to relate these symptoms to the age associated decrease in androgen levels, the more that often a significant, albeit generally weak, correlation of these symptoms with the (F)T levels is observed. Moreover, the preliminary data suggest favourable effects of androgen supplementation in the elderly. The decrease in (F)T levels is, however, only one of the factors responsible for the signs and symptoms of the aging male which have a multifactorial origin. Hence, the diagnosis of androgen deficiency in elderly men should be based on both the clinical symptomatology and the biochemistry, i.e. decreased (F)T levels, the latter being defined, more or less arbitrary, as levels below the lowest 1% of levels in young healthy males.
In-situ tumor vaccination: Bringing the fight to the tumor (2015)

After decades of development in the shadow of traditional cancer treatment, immunotherapy has come into the spotlight. Treatment of metastatic tumors with monoclonal antibodies to T cell checkpoints like programed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand, (PD-L1), have resulted in significant clinical responses across multiple tumor types. However, these therapies fail in the majority of patients with solid tumors, in particular those who lack PD1(+)CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes within their tumors. Intratumoral "in situ vaccination" approaches seek to enhance immunogenicity, generate tumor infiltrating lymophcytes (TIL) and drive a systemic anti-tumor immune response, directed against "unvaccinated," disseminated tumors. Given the emerging picture of intratumoral immunotherapy as safe and capable of delivering systemic efficacy, it is anticipated that these approaches will become integrated into future multi-modality therapy.
A review of sleep disorders and melatonin (2017)

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis and cause significant impairments in social and occupational functions. Although currently approved medications are efficacious, they are far from satisfactory. Benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihistamines and anxiolytics have the potential for dependence and addiction. Moreover, some of these medications can gradually impair cognition. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland and released exclusively at night. Exogenous melatonin supplementation is well tolerated and has no obvious short- or long-term adverse effects. Melatonin has been shown to synchronize the circadian rhythms, and improve the onset, duration and quality of sleep. It is centrally involved in anti-oxidation, circadian rhythmicity maintenance, sleep regulation and neuronal survival. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various therapeutic functions of melatonin in insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders and parasomnias. Melatonin offers an alternative treatment to the currently available pharmaceutical therapies for sleep disorders with significantly less side effects.
Improved discrimination of AD patients using β-amyloid (1-42) and tau levels in CSF (1999)

The combined measure of CSF Abeta42 and tau meets the requirements for clinical use in discriminating AD from normal aging and specific neurologic disorders.
Experimental Coinfection of Rhesus Macaques with Rhesus Cytomegalovirus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Pathogenesis (2002)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) possesses low pathogenic potential in an immunocompetent host. In the immunosuppressed host, however, a wide spectrum of infection outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to life threatening, can follow either primary or nonprimary infection. The variability in the manifestations of HCMV infection in immunosuppressed individuals implies that there is a threshold of host antiviral immunity that can effectively limit disease potential. We used a nonhuman primate model of CMV infection to assess the relationship between CMV disease and the levels of developing anti-CMV immunity. Naive rhesus macaques were inoculated with rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) followed 2 or 11 weeks later by inoculation with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. Two of four monkeys inoculated with SIV at 2 weeks after inoculation with RhCMV died within 11 weeks with simian AIDS (SAIDS), including activated RhCMV infection. Neither animal had detectable anti-SIV antibodies. The other two animals died 17 and 27 weeks after SIV inoculation with either SAIDS or early lymphoid depletion, although no histological evidence of activated RhCMV was observed. Both had weak anti-SIV antibody titers. RhCMV antibody responses for this group of monkeys were significantly below those of control animals inoculated with only RhCMV. In addition, all animals of this group had persistent RhCMV DNA in plasma and high copy numbers of RhCMV in tissues. In contrast, animals that were inoculated with SIV at 11 weeks after RhCMV infection rarely exhibited RhCMV DNA in plasma, had low copy numbers of RhCMV DNA in most tissues, and did not develop early onset of SAIDS or activated RhCMV. SIV antibody titers were mostly robust and sustained in these monkeys. SIV inoculation blunted further development of RhCMV humoral responses, unlike the normal pattern of development in control monkeys following RhCMV inoculation. Anti-RhCMV immunoglobulin G levels and avidity were slightly below control values, but levels maintained were higher than those observed following SIV infection at 2 weeks after RhCMV inoculation. These findings demonstrate that SIV produces long-lasting insults to the humoral immune system beginning very early after SIV infection. The results also indicate that anti-RhCMV immune development at 11 weeks after infection was sufficient to protect the host from acute RhCMV sequelae following SIV infection, in contrast to the lack of protection afforded by only 2 weeks of immune response to RhCMV. As previously observed, monkeys that were not able to mount a significant immune response to SIV were the most susceptible to SAIDS, including activated RhCMV infection. Rapid development of SAIDS in animals inoculated with SIV 2 weeks after RhCMV inoculation suggests that RhCMV can augment SIV pathogenesis, particularly during primary infection by both viruses.
The effects of hyalurodinase upon tumor formation in BALB/c mice painted with 7,12‐dimethylbenz‐(a)anthracene (1979)

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of hyaluronidase on chemical carcinogenesis. Two experiments were carried out using BALB/c mice. In the first experiment the mice were divided into three groups, viz. (1) painted with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), (2) injected with hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA and (3) injected with saline and painted with DMBA. In the second experiment the mice were divided into three groups: (1) painted with DMBA, (2) injected with hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA and (3) injected with heat-inactivated hyaluronidase and painted with DMBA. The tumor incidence and size of tumors were significantly lower in the group treated with hyaluronidase than in the other groups. The latent period was increased. The mitotic index of the skin adjacent to the tumors at the end of the experiment was decreased. These studies show that hyaluronidase can act as an anticarcinogenic agent.
Nuclease‐stimulated homologous recombination at the human β‐globin gene (2013)

With ZFN4, we achieved higher efficiencies of HR-mediated HBB modification than previously reported for drug-selected cells. Our measurements of ZFN4-induced HR in unselected cells, however, suggest that improved nucleases must be developed if therapeutic HBB correction is to be achievable in primary stem cells.
Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men (1995)

These findings emphasise the interrelations between risk factors for non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease and the potential value of an integrated approach to the prevention of these conditions based on the prevention of obesity and the promotion of physical activity.
Hyperthermia and fever control in brain injury (2009)

Fever in the neurocritical care setting is common and has a negative impact on outcome of all disease types. Meta-analyses have demonstrated that fever at onset and in the acute setting after ischemic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cardiac arrest has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality. Data support that the impact of fever is sustained for longer durations after subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. Recent advances have made eliminating fever and maintaining normothermia feasible. However, there are no prospective randomized trials demonstrating the benefit of fever control in these patient populations, and important questions regarding indications and timing remain. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data surrounding the impact of fever across a range of neurologic injuries to better understand the optimal timing and duration of fever control. Prospective randomized trials are needed to determine whether the beneficial impact of secondary injury prevention is outweighed by the potential risks of prolonged fever control.
Anti‐Nutritional Components, Fibre, Sinapine and Glucosinolate Content, in Australian Canola (Brassica napus L.) Meal (2008)

Abstract Canola meal is highly regarded as a component of animal feed with a high protein content and a desirable amino acid profile. The presence of some components, in particular glucosinolates, sinapine and fibre, affects the value of the meal and reduces the amount that can be used in animal feed formulations. Glucosinolates in traditional cultivars (rapeseed) had very high amounts and this severely limited the usefulness of the meal. Canola breeding programs have successfully reduced glucosinolate content to trace amounts. However sinapine remains at levels sufficiently high to cause problems, particularly in poultry feed. The relatively high fibre level in canola also reduces the value of the product for animal feed. This study has determined the level of sinapine, glucosinolates and fibre in current cultivars of canola in Australia to illustrate advances made by breeding programs and limitations which still remain to raise the usefulness of a potentially valuable feedstock. Although glucosinolate levels in meal were shown to have been reduced to 11 μmol/g in some cases, sinapine remained at traditional levels of about 12–15 g/kg and neutral detergent fibre levels were about 30–40%. These issues are important priorities for canola breeders.
Biofunctionalized nanoarrays of inorganic structures prepared by dip-pen nanolithography (2003)

A dip-pen nanolithography based strategy for fabricating and functionalizing Au nanostructures on a semiconductor substrate is reported. The generation of arrays of nanoscale features functionalized with inorganic nanoparticles and proteins (rabbit IgG) is reported. In the case of rabbit IgG, the bioactivity of the array was demonstrated by monitoring its reaction with fluorophore-labelled antirabbit IgG. The methodology reported herein points towards ways of making raised optically active and bioactive nanostructures that could prove useful in stamping methodologies or biosensing applications.
Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) and Alzheimer's disease (2000)

Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) is a ubiquitous multifunctional glycoprotein capable of interacting with a broad spectrum of molecules. In pathological conditions, it is an amyloid associated protein, co-localizing with fibrillar deposits in systemic and localized amyloid disorders. In Alzheimer's disease, the most frequent form of amyloidosis in humans and the major cause of dementia in the elderly, apoJ is present in amyloid plaques and cerebrovascular deposits but is rarely seen in NFT-containing neurons. ApoJ expression is up-regulated in a wide variety of insults and may represent a defense response against local damage to neurons. Four different mechanisms of action could be postulated to explain the role of apoJ as a neuroprotectant during cellular stress: (1) function as an anti-apoptotic signal, (2) protection against oxidative stress, (3) inhibition of the membrane attack complex of complement proteins locally activated as a result of inflammation, and (4) binding to hydrophobic regions of partially unfolded, stressed proteins, and therefore avoiding aggregation in a chaperone-like manner. This review focuses on the association of apoJ in biological fluids with Alzheimer's soluble Abeta. This interaction prevents Abeta aggregation and fibrillization and modulates its blood-brain barrier transport at the cerebrovascular endothelium.
Stimulation of bone growth by implanted FEP electrets and PVDF piezoelectric films (1985)

It is known, that as well implanted electret as piezofilms induce increased bone growth (osteogenesis). Electretfilms cause a static electric field, piezofilms however only at loading generate electric potentials. From that reason the electrical stimulation should be different, Therefore we investigated the effect of implanted electret-and piezofilms at identical experimental conditions. The films were implanted subperiostally and enossally in 20 rabbits. To draw a parallel also nonactive films were implanted and blind operations applied. Both electret- and piezofilms caused a significantly greater area of new bone in comparison with nonactive films and blind operations. At subperiostal implantation piezofilms showed a more intensive bone formation than electretfilms, at enossal implantation the results were vice versa.
Gaussian Mixture Models Based on the Frequency Spectra for Human Identification and Illumination Classification (2006)

The importance of Fourier domain phase in human face identification is well-established Hayes et al., (1982). It therefore seems natural that identification tools based on phase features should be very efficient. In this paper we introduce a model-based approach using Gaussian mixture models (GMM) based on phase for performing human identification. Identification is performed using a MAP estimate and we show that we are able to achieve misclassification error rates as low as 2% on a database with 65 individuals with extreme illumination variations. The proposed method is easily adaptable to deal with other distortions such as expressions and poses, and hence this establishes its robustness to intra-personal variations. Finally, we demonstrate that GMM based on the Fourier domain magnitude is effective for illumination normalization, so that near perfect identification is obtained using the reconstructed illumination-free images.
Human biliverdin reductase is an ERK activator; hBVR is an ERK nuclear transporter and is required for MAPK signaling (2008)

Activation of the MEK/ERK/Elk-signaling cascade is a mechanism for relaying mitogenic and stress stimuli for gene activation. MEK1 is the proximate kinase for activation of ERK1/2, and nuclear targeting of ERK1/2 is obligatory for Elk1 transcriptional activity. Human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a recently described Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase in the MAPK insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-signaling cascade. Using 293A cells and in vitro experiments, we detail the formation of a ternary complex of MEK/ERK/hBVR, activation of MEK1 and ERK1/2 kinase activities by hBVR, and phosphorylation of hBVR by ERK1/2. hBVR is nearly as effective as IGF1 in activating ERK; intact hBVR ATP-binding domain is necessary for Elk1 activation, whereas protein-protein interaction is the basis for hBVR activation of MEK1 and ERK. The two MAPK docking consensus sequences present in hBVR, F(162)GFP and K(275)KRILHCLGL (C- and D-box, respectively), are ERK interactive sites; interaction at each site is critical for ERK/Elk1 activation. Transfection with mutant hBVR-P(165) or peptides corresponding to the C- or D-box blocked activation of ERK by IGF1. Transfection with D-box mutant hBVR prevented the activation of ERK by wild-type protein and dramatically decreased Elk1 transcriptional activity. hBVR is a nuclear transporter of ERK; experiments with hBVR nuclear export signal (NES) and nuclear localization signal (NLS) mutants demonstrated its critical role in the nuclear localization of IGF-stimulated ERK for Elk1 activation. These findings, together with observations that si-hBVR blocked activation of ERK and Elk1 by IGF1 and prevented formation of ternary complex between MEK/ERK/hBVR, define the critical role of hBVR in ERK signaling and nuclear functions of the kinase.
Dynamic changes in the higher-level chromatin organization of specific sequences revealed by in situ hybridization to nuclear halos. (1994)

A novel approach to study the higher level packaging of specific DNA sequences has been developed by coupling high-resolution fluorescence hybridization with biochemical fractionation to remove histones and distend DNA loops to form morphologically reproducible nuclear "halos." Results demonstrate consistent differences in the organization of specific sequences, and further suggest a relationship to functional activity. Pulse-incorporated bromodeoxyuridine representing nascent replicating DNA localized with the base of the chromatin loops in discrete clustered patterns characteristic of intact cells, whereas at increasing chase times, the replicated DNA was consistently found further out on the extended region of the halo. Fluorescence hybridization to unique loci for four transcriptionally inactive sequences produced long strings of signal extending out onto the DNA halo or "loop," whereas four transcriptionally active sequences remained tightly condensed as single spots within the residual nucleus. In contrast, in non-extracted cells, all sequences studied typically remained condensed as single spots of fluorescence signal. Interestingly, two transcriptionally active, tandemly repeated gene clusters exhibited strikingly different packaging by this assay. Analysis of specific genes in single cells during the cell cycle revealed changes in packaging between S-phase and non S-phase cells, and further suggested a dramatic difference in the structural associations in mitotic and interphase chromatin. These results are consistent with and suggestive of a loop domain organization of chromatin packaging involving both stable and transient structural associations, and provide precedent for an approach whereby different biochemical fractionation methods may be used to unravel various aspects of the complex higher-level organization of the genome.
Inhibition of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in the Dog (1978)

A C T We studied the effects of vitamin D metabolites on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Test materials were iinjected into the cranial thyroid artery of the dog, and immunoreactive PTH was measured frequently in serum samples from the in- ferior thyroid vein and the femoral vein. This model for the study of secretion had previouslv been vali- dated with the use of known moduilators oni PTH secre- tion. In control experimenits, injection of 100% ethanol, the vehicle in which cholecalciferol (D3) metabolites were suspended, resulted in ino change in PTH secre- tion. Likewise, native vitamin D3, in doses ranging from 250 to 1,250 nlg had Ino effect oIn PTH secretioin. 25- Hydroxycholecalciferol, 25-(OH)D3, in doses of 125- 240 ng, caused complete suppression of PTH secretion. When 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 24,25-(OH)2D3, was injected in doses of 50-250 ng, suppression of PTH secretion was again complete; in doses of 5 ng, injection of this metabolite resulted in significanit but incomplete suppression of secretion. In doses of 50- 250 ng, 1,25-(OH)2D3 strongly stimulated PTH secre- tion, but in a dose of 5 ng this metabolite had no effects. Injection of e(ual doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 resulted in significant suppression of PTH secretion. Hypocalcemiia-induced stimulation of PTH secretion was suppressed by 24,25-(OH)2D3 while hypercalcemia-induced suppression of PTH secretion was stimulated by 1,25-(OH)2D3. In all experiments showing suppression of PTH secretion, peripheral PTH decreased. Argumeints are presenited for con-
Fludarabine Monophosphate Reduces the Incidence and Severity of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Murine Model of Bone Marrow Transplantation (1997)

To the Editor:

Fludarabine monophosphate is a purine analogue that has been extensively used in the past few years for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular, with impressive success.[1-4][1] Lately it has also been shown to be