gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HYDROGENOLYSIS OF OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHYDROGENOLYSIS OF OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDSRalph Connor and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 12, 4678–4690Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01351a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01351a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1303Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HPLC Method for Determination of inositol Tri‐, Tetra‐, Penta‐, and Hexaphosphates in Foods and Intestinal Contents (1986)

ABSTRACT A HPLC method was developed for separation and quantitative determination of inositol tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexaphosphates. The method included extraction of inositol phosphates with HCI, separation of the inositol phosphates from the crude extract by ion‐exchange chromatography, and ion‐pair C18 reverse phase HPLC analysis using formic acid/methanol and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in the mobile phase. The inositol 3–6 phosphates of raw and extruded bran, soy flour, and intestinal contents were determined by HPLC and compared to phytate determinations by two iron precipitation methods. Inositol 3–5 phosphates were found in extruded products and intestinal contents. The HPLC method was rapid and gave reproducible values, which differed from those obtained by the precipitation methods in some samples.
A synchronization framework for personal mobile servers (2004)

The recent growth in the mobile device market has proven the feasibility of mobile storage based consumer electronics products. One of the key features of personal mobile storage devices is the ability to synchronize content and metadata with other mobile and stationary devices. The main problem addressed is automatic data exchange and synchronization in the domain of personal mobile storage devices or personal servers. We present a synchronization framework for personal servers delivered in the form of user scenarios, derived system requirements, design decisions and a software components structure. The synchronization framework was validated through a working prototype which shows added functionality, such as: connectivity with various types of devices from different vendors, synchronization based on user preferences, content-aware synchronization filtering. In order to abstract from implementation specifics of different network protocols, a high-level object-based storage API has been defined.
Molecular characterization of a cell wall‐associated proteinase gene from Streptococcus lactis NCDO763 (1989)

Streptococcus lactis NCDO763 harbours a plasmid designated pLP763. The cells harbouring pLP763 are able to grow to a higher density in milk because of their proteinase-positive phenotype (Prt+). The 6.2 kb HindIII-PstI fragment from pLP763 was found to be responsible for the Prt+ phenotype. The DNA fragment contains an incomplete large open reading frame (ORF). Further sequence analysis downstream from the PstI site revealed that the ORF consists of 5706 bases. It was found that the deduced amino acid sequence consisting of 1902 amino acid residues was extremely similar to that of the Wg2 proteinase, a serine protease from Streptococcus cremoris, suggesting that both genes were derived from a common ancestral gene.
Establishment, Differentiation, Electroporation and Nuclear Transfer of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2015)

The limited success of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is largely attributed to defects in epigenetic reprogramming of the donor genome. Donor cell types with distinct potential competence may offer different epigenetic flexibility for subsequent genome reprogramming in SCNT. Stem cells possibly enable their genomes to be more readily reprogrammed than differentiated cells. To improve the efficiency of cloning, porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) were isolated and well identified by 6-channel flow cytometry and differentiation assays and were used as donors in SCNT. Compared with porcine embryonic fibroblasts (pEFs), our results showed that pMSCs markedly enhanced cloned embryo development in terms of cleavage and blastocyst formation (p < 0.05). To enhance the epigenetic flexibility of pMSCs, classical reprogramming factors (RFs) were transfected by electroporation, and we achieved optimization with ectopic expression of RFs in pMSCs. Our results suggest that the epigenetic status of donor cells has an improvement on genome reprogramming, and multipotent pMSCs favoured subsequent embryonic development.
Entanglement and Quantum Error Correction with Superconducting Qubits (2013)

A quantum computer will use the properties of quantum physics to solve certain computational problems much faster than otherwise possible. One promising potential implementation is to use superconducting quantum bits in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architecture. There, the low energy states of a nonlinear electronic oscillator are isolated and addressed as a qubit. These qubits are capacitively coupled to the modes of a microwave-frequency transmission line resonator which serves as a quantum communication bus. Microwave electrical pulses are applied to the resonator to manipulate or measure the qubit state. State control is calibrated using diagnostic sequences that expose systematic errors. Hybridization of the resonator with the qubit gives it a nonlinear response when driven strongly, useful for amplifying the measurement signal to enhance accuracy. Qubits coupled to the same bus may coherently interact with one another via the exchange of virtual photons. A two-qubit conditional phase gate mediated by this interaction can deterministically entangle its targets, and is used to generate two-qubit Bell states and three-qubit GHZ states. These three-qubit states are of particular interest because they redundantly encode quantum information. They are the basis of the quantum repetition code prototypical of more sophisticated schemes required for quantum computation. Using a three-qubit Toffoli gate, this code is demonstrated to autonomously correct either bit- or phase-flip errors. Despite observing the expected behavior, the overall fidelity is low because of decoherence. A superior implementation of cQED replaces the transmission-line resonator with a three-dimensional box mode, increasing lifetimes by an order of magnitude. In-situ qubit frequency control is enabled with control lines, which are used to fully characterize and control the system Hamiltonian.
A study of the ionic nature of the pace‐maker current in calf Purkinje fibres. (1981)

1. Properties of the pace-maker current (if) in Purkinje fibres were studied in the presence of Ba, which by partially blocking the iK1 channel reduces K depletion during hyperpolarizing voltage-clamp pulses, and eliminates the main cause of distortion in the current time course. 2. On raising the external potassium concentration (Kb), the if fully activated current--voltage relation (if(E)) increases in the inward direction. In the range 3--36 mM--Kb and negative to -50 mV the current is inward, and no cross-over is observed. 3. In normal conditions, the reversal potential (Ef) for if lies in the voltage region positive to -50 mV, and can be observed on lowering the external sodium concentration (Nab). Ef shifts to the negative direction when Nab is decreased. Slopes ranging between 29 and 35 mV/decade are found for Nernst plots of Ef against Nab. Changing Nab in the range 140--4.4 mM causes the if(E) relation to undergo a simple shift along the voltage axis, without significant change in its slope. 4. Ef also depends on Kb, as can be observed in low Nab (35 mM), and shifts to the positive direction by about 26 mV for every 10-fold change in Kb. The fully activated slope conductance increases when Kb is increased. 5. It is concluded that Na and K both participate in carrying if. The slope of the fully activated if(E) relation increases with Kb, but is unchanged in different Nab, indicating that the channel conductance depends on Kb, but not appreciably on Nab.
Polymeric Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems (2000)

Biologically Active Polymers Polymeric Matrices Liposomes Interactions between Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems and Biological Systems: Barriers and Opportunities PGG-Glucans: A Novel Class of Macrophage-Activating Immunomodulators A New *b-Glucan-Based Macrophage-Targeted Adjuvant Fluorescent Labeling of Heparins and Related Polysaccharides: Old Problems and New Solutions Design of Polysaccharide-5-Fluorouracil Conjugates Exhibiting Antitumor Activities Methotrexate-*g-Hydrazide and Divinyl Ether-Maleic Anhydride Conjugate: Antitumor Activity in Mice Succinimidyl Carbonates of Polyethylene Glycol: Useful Reactive Polymers for Preparation of Protein Conjugates Poly(*a-amino acid)-Drug Conjugates: A Biodegradable Injectable Drug Delivery System Transcellular Transport of Protein-Polymer Conjugates in Cultured Epithelial Cells: Release of a Protein from Its Polymeric Carrier During Transcytosis Opportunities for Protein Delivery by Aerosol: Absorption and Retention of Several Synthetic Polypeptides in the Lung Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrolytically Labile Poly(phosphoester-urethanes) Desaminotyrosyl-Tyrosine Alkyl Esters: New Diphenolic Monomers for the Design of Tyrosine-Derived Pseudopoly(amino acids) Kinetics of Controlled Release from Acid-Catalyzed Matrices Bicontinuous Controlled-Release Matrices Composed of Poly(D,L-lactic acid) Blended with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Amphiphilic Networks: Synthesis and Characterization of and Drug Release from Poly (N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-1-polyisoburylene Amphiphilic Networks: Synthesis and Characterization of and Drug Release from Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-1-polyisobutylene Cross-linked Polyacid Matices for Oral Drug Delivery Gastric Retention of Enzyme-Digestible Hydrogels in the Canine Stomach under Fasted and Fed Conditions: Preliminary Analysis Using New Analytical Techniques Cubic Phases as Delivery Systems for Peptide Drugs Lipid Microspheres and Lecithinized-Polymer Drug Delivery Systems Drug Delivery by Organ-Specific Immunoliposomes Novel Polymerized Vesicles with Hydrolyzable Linkages
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein serine/threonine kinase PknG is linked to cellular glutamate/glutamine levels and is important for growth in vivo (2004)

The function of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis eukaryotic-like protein serine/threonine kinase PknG was investigated by gene knock-out and by expression and biochemical analysis. The pknG gene (Rv0410c), when cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, encodes a functional kinase. An in vitro kinase assay of the recombinant protein demonstrated that PknG can autophosphorylate its kinase domain as well as its 30 kDa C-terminal portion, which contains a tetratricopeptide (TPR) structural signalling motif. Western analysis revealed that PknG is located in the cytosol as well as in mycobacterial membrane. The pknG gene was inactivated by allelic exchange in M. tuberculosis. The resulting mutant strain causes delayed mortality in SCID mice and displays decreased viability both in vitro and upon infection of BALB/c mice. The reduced growth of the mutant was more pronounced in the stationary phase of the mycobacterial growth cycle and when grown in nutrient-depleted media. The PknG-deficient mutant accumulates glutamate and glutamine. The cellular levels of these two amino acids reached approximately threefold of their parental strain levels. Higher cellular levels of the amine sugar-containing molecules, GlcN-Ins and mycothiol, which are derived from glutamate, were detected in the DeltapknG mutant. De novo glutamine synthesis was shown to be reduced by 50%. This is consistent with current knowledge suggesting that glutamine synthesis is regulated by glutamate and glutamine levels. These data support our hypothesis that PknG mediates the transfer of signals sensing nutritional stress in M. tuberculosis and translates them into metabolic adaptation.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 100-kDa protein is correlated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte function. Evidence from cis unsaturated fatty acid and phenylarsineoxide inhibition (1993)

Cis unsaturated but not saturated fatty acids (FA) have been shown to specifically inhibit certain early responses in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) including the rise in intracellular calcium, degranulation, and lethal hit delivery. They do not, however, affect other early events such as the turnover of phosphatidylinositol, T-cell receptor recognition, and CTL-cognate target cell conjugation. Antigen stimulation of CTL results in an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of more than 10 substrates. We now find that cis unsaturated but not saturated FA specifically inhibit antigen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of only a single substrate, a 100-kDa protein (pp100). The characteristics of cis FA inhibition of the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp100 are virtually identical to the cis FA inhibition of the CTL functional responses. Inhibition occurs within seconds of cis FA addition, can be reversed by extracting the unesterified FA with albumin, can be initiated after stimulation, and has the same dose and FA molecular species dependence as the inhibition of the CTL responses. In addition, low concentrations of phenylarsine oxide specifically inhibit the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp100 and the CTL responses, but have no effect on other tyrosine phosphorylation events. These striking correlations suggest that pp100 may be central to specific early signaling events including lethal hit delivery and its tyrosine phosphorylation may be regulated by a plasma membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase.
Visualizing complex hypermedia networks through multiple hierarchical views (1995)

Article Visualizing complex hypermedia networks through multiple hierarchical views Share on Authors: Sougata Mukherjea Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile , James D. Foley Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Scott Hudson Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '95: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsMay 1995 Pages 331–337https://doi.org/10.1145/223904.223947Online:01 May 1995Publication History 61citation672DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations61Total Downloads672Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Podocyte Biology and Response to Injury (2002)

The visceral glomerular epithelial cell, also called podocyte, is a terminally differentiated cell that lines the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). It therefore forms the final barrier to protein loss, which explains why podocyte injury is typically associated with marked
Surfactant protein D: subcellular localization in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (1992)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D, CP4) is a collagenous surfactant-associated carbohydrate binding protein that was initially characterized as a biosynthetic product of type II pneumocytes. Immunoperoxidase studies of formaldehyde solution-fixed and paraffin-embedded rat lung demonstrated staining for SP-D in the cytoplasm of a subpopulation of bronchiolar epithelial cells as well as type II cells. Accordingly, immunogold-labeling techniques were used to further examine the cellular distribution and subcellular localization of SP-D in the small airways. Lung tissues were fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde-3% paraformaldehyde and embedded in LR White resin. Sections were reacted with affinity purified polyclonal antibodies to SP-D, and sites of antibody binding were demonstrated using a biotinylated secondary antibody-streptavidin-gold detection system. Anti-SP-D selectively decorated secretory compartments of nonciliated bronchiolar cells (Clara cells) with strong and specific labeling of apical electron-dense secretory granules. Almost all of the granules in nonciliated columnar cells were labeled; however, labeling was typically nonuniform, with preferential decoration of the periphery of the granule. The largest numbers of immunoreactive epithelial cells were observed in the distal membranous bronchioles, with progressively smaller numbers of cells in more proximal bronchioles. There was no detectable labeling of cells lining the large cartilagenous airways or trachea. These studies provide evidence that SP-D is a secretory product of nonciliated bronchiolar cells. We suggest that Clara cell-derived SP-D is a component of bronchiolar lining material, consistent with our hypothesis that SP-D contributes to surfactant metabolism and/or host defense within small airways.
Sagnac Interferometry Based on Ultraslow Polaritons in Cold Atomic Vapors (2004)

The advantages of light and matter-wave Sagnac interferometers--large area on one hand and high rotational sensitivity per unit area on the other--can be combined utilizing ultraslow light in cold atomic gases. While a group-velocity reduction alone does not affect the Sagnac phase shift, the associated momentum transfer from light to atoms generates a coherent matter-wave component which gives rise to a substantially enhanced rotational signal. It is shown that matter-wave sensitivity in a large-area interferometer can be achieved if an optically dense vapor at subrecoil temperatures is used. Already a noticeable enhancement of the Sagnac phase shift is possible, however, with far fewer cooling requirements.
Total synthesis of sporidesmin A (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of sporidesmin AYoshito. Kishi, Shinichi. Nakatsuka, Tohru. Fukuyama, and Miroslav. HavelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 19, 6493–6495Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00800a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00800a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1162Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Potato Virus X Amplicons in Arabidopsis Mediate Genetic and Epigenetic Gene Silencing (2000)

Amplicon transgenes from potato virus X (PVX) are based on a modified version of the viral genome and are efficient activators of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). To determine whether PVX amplicons activate PTGS in Arabidopsis, we used constructs based on the genome of PVX carrying a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. Our analysis of the transgene phenotype exploited previous observations indicating that PTGS is associated with short 25-nucleotide RNA species, transgene methylation, and homology-dependent virus resistance. We also used the ability of turnip mosaic virus to suppress gene silencing as a means of dissecting stages of the mechanism. The results showed that a PVX:GFP amplicon induces weak PTGS and that this PTGS was enhanced in the presence of a GFP reporter gene. Our interpretation of these data is that the PTGS induced by the amplicon was genetically determined and equivalent to the initiation stage of the PTGS mechanism. The PTGS induced by the combined amplicon and reporter gene was equivalent to the maintenance stage and was associated with an epigenetic conversion of the transgene. The distinction between genetic and epigenetic PTGS explains the well-characterized effects of transgene dosage on PTGS that have been previously interpreted in terms of RNA expression thresholds.
Lessons from the Immune System:  From Catalysis to Materials Science (1996)

Nature has produced a remarkable array of molecules&#13;\nthat perform the complex processes of living&#13;\norganisms, from the immune response and catalysis&#13;\nto signal transduction and gene regulation. However,&#13;\nin contrast to chemists who typically synthesize and&#13;\ncharacterize a single molecule at a time, Nature draws&#13;\nupon a vast combinatorial library of precursor molecules&#13;\nand screens them for desired properties. Perhaps&#13;\nthe most notable example of this strategy is the&#13;\nimmune system, which is capable of generating tremendous&#13;\nmolecular diversity via gene rearrangements&#13;\nand somatic mutation and screening this diversity for&#13;\nhigh-affinity, selective receptors to foreign antigens.&#13;\nThis natural example of the power of combinatorial&#13;\nprocesses has inspired chemists and biochemists alike&#13;\nto apply this strategy to other problems, ranging from&#13;\ncatalysis and drug discovery to materials science. In&#13;\nthis Account, we will describe a number of ongoing&#13;\nefforts in our laboratory which may help to illustrate&#13;\nthe potential of combinatorial libraries in chemistry.