gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses (1980)

In Indonesia, the roots of Acanthus ilicifolius are chewed and laid on wounds caused by poisoned arrows; in Burma, the shoots are used to treat snakebite and the leaves to ease the pains of rheumatism; in China, the roots are a remedy for chronic fever; and in the Philippines, a decoction is considered effective against asthma. One plant used by different peoples in different ways, but all seemingly effective.In Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia, the medicinal properties of Acanthus ilicifolius are described along with those of hundreds of other plants. Students of pharmacology, economic botany, anthropology and many other fields will find this a useful reference volume. Libraries of colleges and universities, arboreta and herbaria will find this to be a source of references linking botany, chemistry, medicine, and folklore. The book is a browser's delight for the lay reader with an interest in how different people use plant materials. The entries are listed in alphabetical order, encyclopedia-fashion for easy reference, and are written in simple language suitable for the general reader and scholar alike. Each entry gives the scientific name of the plant, its distribution, and a description of its uses in different locales supported by an extensive bibliography and references to sources in herbaria. The area covered includes Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, north to the Philippines, China and Korea.Five indexes are supplied including: plants listed according to the attributed therapeutic properties; various disorders; and scientific names. There are forty-eight pages of references.
Interferon-regulated Mx genes are not responsive to interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and other cytokines (1991)

Accumulation of Mx gene products in cells of patients and experimental animals has been recognized as a useful marker for detecting minute quantities of biologically active interferon (IFN). Goetschy et al. (J. Goetschy, H. Zeller, J. Content, and M. A. Horisberger, J. Virol. 63:2616-2622, 1989) reported that not only IFNs but also interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were potent inducers of the human Mx genes. However, we observed no Mx induction in cultured human fibroblasts or in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with various concentrations of IL-1 alpha or TNF-alpha. Mx induction was found in the spleens of mice treated with TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, but this effect could be neutralized with antibodies to murine IFN-alpha/beta. Of the other cytokines that we tested (IL-2, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), only IL-2 induced the Mx genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but antibodies to human IFN-beta efficiently neutralized this effect. Our results thus indicate that IFNs are the only cytokines with intrinsic Mx-inducing activity.
Fabrication of Sub-3 nm Feature Size Based on Block Copolymer Self-Assembly for Next-Generation Nanolithography (2017)

For ultrahigh-density storage media and D-RAM, the feature size of lithography should be much reduced (say less than 10 nm). Though some research groups reported feature size of 5–6 nm, further reduced feature size is needed for next-generation lithography. We synthesized, via a reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, polydihydroxystyrene-block-polystyrene (PDHS-b-PS) copolymers showing lamellar and cylindrical microdomains by adjusting the volume fraction of PS block (fPS). We found that the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) between PDHS and PS was very large, 0.7 at 170 °C. Because of the huge χ, the lamellar domain spacing (L) of PDHS-b-PS with a total molecular weight of 2.1 kg mol–1 and fPS = 0.5 was only 5.9 nm; thus, a sub-3 nm feature size (half-pitch) was successfully obtained. Furthermore, PDHS-b-PS with a molecular weight of 4.2 kg mol–1 and fPS = 0.79 showed hexagonally packed cylinders with 4 nm diameter. We also obtained thin films of PDHS-b-PS with cylindrical microdomains, showing 8.8 nm center-to-center spacing. Furthermore, we fabricated ultrahigh-density ZrO2 nanowire arrays from the cylindrical monolayer thin films via atomic layer deposition, indicating an applicability of PDHS-b-PS for next-generation lithography.
Controlled Mineralization and Assembly of Hydrolysis-Based Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents Combining Polymer Micelles and Microwave Techniques (1998)

Controlled formation of nanoparticles in inverse diblock copolymer micelles by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide precursors is described. Coagulation of the resulting TiO2-loaded micelles occurs on casting if the sample is prepared by conventional heating, allowing strings of TiO2 particles to form (see Figure). It is demonstrated that this can be prevented by microwave heating.
SOI Field-Effect Diode DRAM Cell: Design and Operation (2013)

A dynamic RAM cell based on the field-effect diode (FED) is presented, and its operation is described and explained with the help of numerical device simulations. This new cell resembles the thin capacitively coupled thyristor (TCCT) cell in concept and operation, however it has important advantages. These advantages derive from the fact that the thyristor-like mode of operation of the FED is gate induced, whereas the TCCT is an actual, built-in thyristor. High read 0/1 current margin, fast write/read time, good retention, and densely packed cells are obtained.
Asymmetric transformations catalyzed by enzymes in organic solvents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric transformations catalyzed by enzymes in organic solventsAlexander M. KlibanovCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 4, 114–120Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00172a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1874Altmetric-Citations807LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (933 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
HMGB1 Mediates Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis Survivors (2012)

Severe sepsis, a syndrome that complicates infection and injury, affects 750,000 annually in the United States. The acute mortality rate is approximately 30%, but, strikingly, sepsis survivors have a significant disability burden: up to 25% of survivors are cognitively and physically impaired. To investigate the mechanisms underlying persistent cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors, here we developed a murine model of severe sepsis survivors following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to study cognitive impairments. We observed that serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a critical mediator of acute sepsis pathophysiology, are increased in sepsis survivors. Significantly, these levels remain elevated for at least 4 wks after CLP? Sepsis survivors develop significant, persistent impairments in learning and memory, and anatomic changes in the hippocampus associated with a loss of synaptic plasticity. Administration of neutralizing anti-HMGBl antibody to survivors, beginning 1 wk after onset of peritonitis, significantly improved memory impairments and brain pathology. Administration of recombinant HMGB1 to naíve mice recapitulated the memory impairments. Together, these findings indicate that elevated HMGB1 levels mediate cognitive decline in sepsis survivors, and suggest that it may be possible to prevent or reverse cognitive impairments in sepsis survivors by administration of anti-HMGB1 antibodies.
Insertional tagging of at least two loci associated with resistance to adenine arabinoside in Toxoplasma gondii, and cloning of the adenosine kinase locus (1999)

A genetic approach has been exploited to investigate adenylate salvage pathways in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, a purine auxotroph. Using a new insertional mutagenesis vector designed to facilitate the rescue of tagged loci even when multiple plasmids integrate as a tandem array, 15 independent clonal lines resistant to the toxic nucleoside analog adenine arabinoside (AraA) were generated. Approximately two-thirds of these clones lack adenosine kinase (AK) activity. Parallel studies identified an expressed sequence tag (EST) exhibiting a small region of weak similarity to human AK, and this locus was tagged in several AK-deficient insertional mutants. Library screening yielded full-length cDNA and genomic clones. The T. gondii AK gene contains five exons spanning a approximately 3 kb locus, and the predicted coding sequence was employed to identify additional AK genes and cDNAs in the GenBank and dbEST databases. A genomic construct lacking essential coding sequence was used to create defined genetic knock-outs at the T. gondii AK locus, and AK activity was restored using a cDNA-derived minigene. Hybridization analysis of DNA from 13 AraA-resistant insertional mutants reveals three distinct classes: (i) AK-mutants tagged at the AK locus; (ii) AK- mutants not tagged at the AK locus, suggesting the possibility that another locus may be involved in regulating AK expression; and (iii) mutants with normal AK activity (potential transport mutants).
Option Valuation and Hedging Strategies with Jumps in the Volatility of Asset Returns (1993)

ABSTRACT We develop a model in which the volatility of risky assets is subject to random and discontinuous shifts over time. We derive prices of claims contingent on such assets and analyze options‐based trading strategies to hedge against the risk of jumps in the return volatility. Unsystematic and systematic events such as takeovers, major changes in business plans, or shifts in economic policy regimes may drastically alter firms' risk profiles. Our model captures the effect of such events on options markets.
Coxsackie B3 myocarditis induces a decrease in energy charge and accumulation of hyaluronan in the mouse heart (1993)

Interstitial oedema in chronic inflammation and ischaemia is related to an accumulation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid; HA) in the interstitium. As interstitial oedema will affect the oxygen transport in the interstitium we have evaluated whether accumulation of HA is related to signs of myocardial energy depletion in virus induced myocarditis. Myocarditis was induced in Balb/c mice by inoculation of Coxsackie B3 virus. The extractable HA content of the myocardium increased progressively from a baseline value of 153 +/- 26 micrograms g-1 dry weight to a maximum of 286 +/- 78 micrograms g-1 dry weight at day 7, whereafter there was a slight decline. Affinity histochemistry visualized HA in the endo-perimysium in healthy myocardium. At day 5 after Coxsackie B3 inoculation there was a general widening of the endomysium, which exhibited a positive staining for HA. In conjunction with focal inflammatory infiltrates the staining for HA was even more pronounced. The energy rich adenylates were reversibly affected by the Coxsackie B3 infection. There was a slight, but significant decline in EC from 0.74 +/- 0.05 in the control group to a minimum value of 0.64 +/- 0.10 at day 5, whereafter a restitution was observed at days 7 and 10. The total adenine nucleotide pool was similarly decreased from 27.8 +/- 2.9 mumol g-1 dry weight in controls to 24.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms g-1 dry weight at day 5, and normalized at days 7 and 10. The data suggest that virus induced myocarditis is associated with a local accumulation of HA in the myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunologic detection of markers of keratinocyte differentiation. Its use in neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of skin. (1986)

We examined seven invasive squamous cell carcinomas, five squamous cell carcinomas in situ, four keratoacanthomas, two actinic keratoses, and two seborrheic keratoses by indirect immunofluorescence. We used a panel of three antibodies: one directed against filaggrin, one against involucrin, and one against peptidylarginine deiminase. Anti-involucrin stained all the lesions studied, but the pattern within a given category of lesions was variable and consistent differences between the categories were not observed. Similarly, the antibodies against peptidylarginine deiminase and filaggrin were not able to distinguish differences between the various types of tumors. We conclude that in tumors of epidermis, benign or malignant, products of differentiation are expressed independently of histologic atypia or clinical aggressiveness. Therefore, markers of differentiation do not appear to be reliable indexes for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.
Nucleoside Monophosphate Kinases: Structure, Mechanism, and Substrate Specificity (1999)

The catalytic mechanisms of adenylate kinase, guanylate kinase, uridylate kinase, and cytidylate kinase are reviewed in terms of kinetic and structural information that has been obtained in recent years. All four kinases share a highly related tertiary structure, characterized by a central five-stranded parallel beta-sheet with helices on both sides, as well as the three regions designated as the CORE, NMPbind, and LID domains. The catalytic mechanism continues to be refined to higher levels of resolution by iterative structure-function studies, and the strengths and limitations of site-directed mutagenesis are well illustrated in the case of adenylate kinase. The identity and roles of active site residues now appear to be resolved, and this review describes how specific site substitutions with unnatural amino acid side-chains have proven to be a major advance. Likewise, there is mounting evidence that phosphoryl transfer occurs by an associative transition state, based on (a) the stereochemical course of phosphoryl transfer, (b) geometric considerations, (c) examination of likely electronic distributions, (d) the orientation of the phosphoryl acceptor relative to the phosphoryl being transferred, (e) the most likely role of magnesium ion, (f) the lack of restricted access of solvent water, and (g) the results of oxygen-18 kinetic isotope. effect experiments.
Sacral nerve stimulation: an effective treatment for chronic functional anal pain? (2013)

This study would suggest that SNS is not an effective treatment for chronic anal pain in the majority of patients. PNE is not an effective means of identifying which of these patients are likely to respond to permanent SNS.
The clostridia and biotechnology. (1993)

History and Future Potential of the Clostridia in Biotechnology Biochemistry and Regulation of Acid and Solvent Production in Clostridia Properties of Acid and Solvent-Forming Enzymes of Clostridia Mutagenesis and its Application in Biotechnology Development and Exploitation of Conjugative Gene Transfer Clostridia Cloning Vectors Transformation/Electroporation of the Clostridia Cloning Structure and Expression of Acid and Solvent Pathway Genes of Clostridia Molecular Analysis and Expression of Electron Transfer and Nitrogen Metabolism Genes of Clostrida Transposons in Clostridia Heat Shock Response and the Onset of Solvent Formation in Clostridia acetobutylicum The Molecular Biology and Genetics of Substrate Utilization in Clostridia Xylan and Cellulose Utilization by the Clostridia and Process Technology Molecular Biology of Nitrogen Fixation in the Clostridia Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the Thermophilic Clostridia.
Effect of Web 2170 BS, Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Inhibitor, in the Guinea PIG Model of Middle Ear Inflammation (2000)

Platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, is a biologically active phospholipid. Recent studies have shown that PAF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). WEB 2170 BS has been shown to be a PAF antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of WEB 2170 BS were investigated in a guinea pig model of OM induced by middle ear (ME) inoculation of killed Staphylococcus aureus. The outcome of treatment was determined by measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in the samples of ME mucosa, evaluation of temporal bone histopathology, and the presence of ME fluid. The myeloperoxidase activity in the WEB 2170 BS-treated group was found to be significantly lower than that in the control group. Histopathology of the temporal bones indicated decreased inflammation in the treated group as compared to the controls. In addition, ME fluid was absent in 16 of the 20 ears of the 10 treated animals. These results demonstrate that WEB 2170 BS can produce significant anti-inflammatory effects in this model of OM.
Aberrant RNA splicing and its functional consequences in cancer cells (2008)

Among the myriad of alterations present in cancer cells are an abundance of aberrant mRNA transcripts. Whether abnormal gene transcription is a by-product of cellular transformation or whether it represents an inherent element that contributes to the properties of cancer cells is not yet clear. Here, we present growing evidence that in many cases, aberrant mRNA transcripts contribute to essential phenotypes associated with transformed cells, suggesting that alterations in the splicing machinery are common and functionally important for cancer development. The proteins encoded by these abnormal transcripts are often truncated or missing domains, thereby altering protein function or conferring new functions altogether. Thus, aberrant splicing regulation has genome-wide effects, potentially altering gene expression in many cancer-associated pathways.
Chemical characterization of an antimicrobial substance produced by Lactobacillus reuteri (1989)

Lactobacillus reuteri converts glycerol into a potent cell growth inhibitor. This substance, termed reuterin, inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts, fungi, and protozoa. Semipreparative chromatography was used to purify reuterin, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to establish the molecular weight as well as the molecular functionality of the reuterin molecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of purified reuterin carried out with deuterium oxide confirmed the presence of two three-carbon compounds, beta-hydroxypropionaldehyde and the corresponding hydrated acetal, and a six-carbon cyclic dimer of the aldehyde. Further nuclear magnetic resonance studies with deuterated methanol revealed that in this solvent the compound existed as a three-carbon compound in a methoxy form. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of reuterin were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a molecule was identified which had a molecular weight corresponding to a disilylated dimeric structure. On the basis of the above information, reuterin was determined to be an equilibrium mixture of monomeric, hydrated monomeric, and cyclic dimeric forms of beta-hydroxypropionaldehyde. This was subsequently confirmed by chemical synthesis.
Human prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia: molecular dissection by gene expression profiling. (2001)

Critical aspects of the biology and molecular basis for prostate malignancy remain poorly understood. To reveal fundamental differences between benign and malignant growth of prostate cells, we performed gene expression profiling of primary human prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using cDNA microarrays consisting of 6500 human genes. Frozen prostate specimens were processed to facilitate extraction of RNA from regions of tissue enriched in either benign or malignant epithelial cell growth within a given specimen. Gene expression in each of the 16 prostate cancer and nine BPH specimens was compared with a common reference to generate normalized measures for each gene across all of the samples. Using an analysis of complete pairwise comparisons of expression profiles among all of the samples, we observed clearly discernable patterns of overall gene expression that differentiated prostate cancer from BPH. Further analysis of the data identified 210 genes with statistically significant differences in expression between prostate cancer and BPH. These genes include many not recognized previously as differentially expressed in prostate cancer and BPH, including hepsin, which codes for a transmembrane serine protease. This study reveals for the first time that significant and widespread differences in gene expression patterns exist between benign and malignant growth of the prostate gland. Gene expression analysis of prostate tissues should help to disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate malignant growth and identify molecular markers for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic use.
Polycatechol Nanoparticle MRI Contrast Agents (2015)

Amphiphilic triblock copolymers containing Fe(III) -catecholate complexes formulated as spherical- or cylindrical-shaped micellar nanoparticles (SMN and CMN, respectively) are described as new T1-weighted agents with high relaxivity, low cytotoxicity, and long-term stability in biological fluids. Relaxivities of both SMN and CMN exceed those of established gadolinium chelates across a wide range of magnetic field strengths. Interestingly, shape-dependent behavior is observed in terms of the particles' interactions with HeLa cells, with CMN exhibiting enhanced uptake and contrast via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with SMN. These results suggest that control over soft nanoparticle shape will provide an avenue for optimization of particle-based contrast agents as biodiagnostics. The polycatechol nanoparticles are proposed as suitable for preclinical investigations into their viability as gadolinium-free, safe, and effective imaging agents for MRI contrast enhancement.
VKORC1 Polymorphisms in Brazilians: Comparison with the Portuguese and Portuguese-Speaking Africans and Pharmacogenetic Implications (2010)

The diversity of the Brazilian population, evident in the distribution of VKORC1 polymorphisms, must be taken into account in the design of pharmacogenetic clinical trials and dealt with as a continuous variable. Warfarin dosing algorithms that include 'race' terms defined for other populations are clearly not applicable to the heterogeneous and extensively admixed Brazilian population.
Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 mediates a DNA loop within the latent replication origin of Epstein-Barr virus. (1991)

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) binds and activates the viral latent origin of DNA replication, oriP. We have used electron microscopy to examine the assembly of EBNA-1 onto oriP. The oriP region consists of two essential elements separated by approximately 1 kilobase pair of DNA. One element contains 20 tandom EBNA-1 binding sites [called the family of repeats (FR)] and serves to activate initiation of replication at the dyad symmetry (DS) element, which contains 4 EBNA-1 binding sites. Titration of homogeneous EBNA-1 produced in baculovirus (bEBNA-1) onto oriP DNA showed an order to the assembly of bEBNA-1 onto oriP. At low concentrations, bEBNA-1 was located exclusively on the FR element. As the level of bEBNA-1 was raised, a loop between the FR and DS elements became the most prevalent DNA-protein complex. These data suggest protein-mediated DNA looping may play a role in activating latent-phase replication of the Epstein-Barr virus.