gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgE antibody mediated inflammation of rat lung: histologic and bronchoalveolar lavage assessment. (1986)

Pulmonary antigen challenge in sensitized individuals elicits immediate and late phase responses (LPR). While mast cells and tissue inflammation are thought to be vital to the development of the LPR, the precise pathogenesis of these responses remains under investigation. Using the Sprague-Dawley rat as a model to study cutaneous LPR, we have previously demonstrated that rat cutaneous LPR are mast cell-dependent and are histologically characterized by early (1-8 h) neutrophil-rich and late (8-24 h) mononuclear cell-rich infiltrates. To compare and contrast this cutaneous response with IgE-dependent pulmonary inflammatory responses, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analyses of pulmonary inflammation following specific antigen challenge in actively immunized [IgE anti-ovalbumin (OA) antibody] and BAL and histologic analyses in passively sensitized [mouse hybridoma anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody] rats. Following direct insufflation of OA into the trachea, actively sensitized animals demonstrated an increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) at 4 h in BAL fluid. These cell numbers were significantly increased over controls by 24 h following challenge. In addition, rats passively sensitized for 72 h with anti-DNP IgE hybridoma antibody (PCA = 1:10,000) were challenged with DNP-BSA aerosols. Examination of BAL fluid 1 to 2 h following challenge revealed significantly increased numbers of PMNs which returned to normal levels by 24 h. Numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages were unchanged compared to controls. Microscopic examination of lung tissue revealed alveolar and interstitial edema at 2 h following challenge and a focal peribronchiolitis characterized by a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assessment of Medical Education Informatization in China (2018)

On the base of the research of education informationization and the underlying database, an empirical data verification model is constructed. Modern management science, system theory, information science, statistics related theory and method of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis are integrated. The combination of vertical and horizontal comparison difference analysis, trend prediction and the method of the combination provide informatization level evaluation system research, analysis and prediction.
5′‐(E)‐Vinylphosphonate: A Stable Phosphate Mimic Can Improve the RNAi Activity of siRNA–GalNAc Conjugates (2016)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing requires siRNA loading into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Presence of 5'-phosphate (5'-P) is reported to be critical for efficient RISC loading of the antisense strand (AS) by anchoring it to the mid-domain of the Argonaute2 (Ago2) protein. Phosphorylation of exogenous duplex siRNAs is thought to be accomplished by cytosolic Clp1 kinase. However, although extensive chemical modifications are essential for siRNA-GalNAc conjugate activity, they can significantly impair Clp1 kinase activity. Here, we further elucidated the effect of 5'-P on the activity of siRNA-GalNAc conjugates. Our results demonstrate that a subset of sequences benefit from the presence of exogenous 5'-P. For those that do, incorporation of 5'-(E)-vinylphosphonate (5'-VP), a metabolically stable phosphate mimic, results in up to 20-fold improved in vitro potency and up to a threefold benefit in in vivo activity by promoting Ago2 loading and enhancing metabolic stability.
Using Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers Presenting RGD and (EG)3OH Groups To Characterize Long-Term Attachment of Bovine Capillary Endothelial Cells to Surfaces (1998)

This paper describes surfaces that promote the ligand-directed binding of cells and resist the cellular deposition of adhesive proteins. These surfaces are based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold that present mixtures of arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), a tripeptide that promotes cell adhesion by binding to cell surface integrin receptors, and oligo(ethyleneglycol) moieties, groups that resist nonbiospecific adsorption of proteins and cells. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy was used to measure the adsorption of carbonic anhydrase and fibrinogen to mixed SAMs comprising RGD groups ((EG)6OGRGD) and tri(ethylene glycol) groups ((EG)3OH); SAMs having values of the mole fraction of RGD (χRGD) ≤ 0.05 adsorbed nearly undetectable levels of carbonic anhydrase or fibrinogen. Bovine capillary endothelial cells attached and spread on SAMs at χRGD ≥ 0.00001, with spreading of cells reaching a maximum at χRGD ≥ 0.001. These mixed SAMs reduced the deposition of proteins by attached cells relative to both fibronectin adsorbed on SAMs of hexadecanethiolate on gold and RGD peptide coated on glass. After allowing cells to attach for 2 or 4 h to any of these surfaces presenting RGD groups, addition of soluble GRGDSP to the medium contacting the adherent cells rapidly released them from the surfaces. However, if cells were allowed to attach to surfaces for 24 h, only those cells attached to the mixed SAM presenting (EG)6OGRGD and (EG)3OH groups could be released using the soluble GRGDSP at a rate comparable to cells attached to fibronectin for 2 h. These results demonstrate that RGD alone is sufficient for adhesion and survival of cells over 24 h.
Magnetic Resonance Acquisition to Determine the Lumen Length of a Tortuous Phantom Aorta (1995)

Purpose: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is a technique that requires an accurate measurement of the aneurysm's lumen length prior to the procedure. This study examines the accuracy of luminal length measurement in an aortic phantom using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) axial source images. Methods and Results: Tortuous phantom aortas were constructed using water-filled plastic tubing (7 mm in diameter with lengths of 80 to 160 mm). The tubes were molded into three-dimensional “S” or “C” shapes that simulated the luminal course of a tortuous aorta. Phantoms were imaged at angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° to the image slice direction on a 1.5T Signa MR scanner using a transaxial two-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) and a Tr weighted spin-echo acquisition. The luminal length of the phantom was calculated after establishing the lumen center coordinates in axial source images and then measuring the distance between two sequential slices using the Pythagorean theorem. The accuracy of this measurement in the phantom was 89% to 99.6%, proportional to the length of the tubing. Accuracy was not affected by angulation of &lt; 45°. Conclusion: Two-dimensional TOF MRA source images can provide an accurate measurement of the phantom aorta's lumen length.
Clinical activity, safety, and PK/PD from a phase I study of RO6874281, a fibroblast activation protein (FAP) targeted interleukin-2 variant (IL-2v) (2018)

Background: High-dose IL-2 is approved for patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma but is associated with significant toxicity, frequently requiring intensive care. RO6874281 carries an engineered IL2v moiety with abolished binding to IL-2Ra. Affinity to IL-2Rβγ is retained, resulting in activation of immune effector CD8 T and NK lymphocytes, but reduced activity on regulatory T cells (Tregs). The antibody part of RO6874281 binds with high affinity to FAP, which is strongly expressed on tumor-associated fibroblasts, and mediates retention and accumulation in malignant lesions. Methods: Study BP29842 investigates safety, PK/PD and anti-tumor activity of RO6874281, administered i.v. once per week in an outpatient setting to patients with metastatic solid tumors. The dose escalation part enrolled 28 patients with metastatic solid tumors and identified a recommended dose (RD) of 20mg, using one-step intra-patient escalation (15mg followed by 20mg). Patients with treatment refractory melanoma and squamous cell carcinomas are enrolled to an extension cohort to confirm safety and further explore PK/PD and activity of the RD. So far, 16 patients were enrolled to this cohort including 6 with melanoma. Results: To date, most frequent adverse events (>30%) were pyrexia, infusion related reactions, fatigue/asthenia, nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite and elevated aspartate and/or alanine transaminase. The majority of events were mild or moderate (Grade 1/ 2). At RD, RO6874281 rapidly expands CD8 and NK cells but not Tregs, both in peripheral blood and sequential tumor biopsies. Objective long-lasting (> 6 months) responses were observed in one patient each with head and neck cancer, penile squamous cell carcinoma and checkpoint inhibitor resistant malignant melanoma across the escalation dose range. Further, tumor shrinkage was observed in 4 melanoma patients, including 1 uveal and 1 mucosal. Conclusions: RO6874281 is the first targeted IL-2 variant with acceptable outpatient safety to display monotherapy activity, including in tumor types not previously reported to respond to IL-2. Ph1b/Ph2 studies in combination with atezolizumab and other agents are currently underway. Clinical trial identification: NCT02627274; EudraCT: 2015-002251-97, first posted: December 10, 2015. Legal entity responsible for the study: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Funding: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Disclosure: H. Piper Lepoutre, C. Boetsch, J. Charo, S. Evers, V. Teichgräber: Employee with stock options: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Edge-dependent interpolation-based deinterlacing using edge patterns (2006)

A deinterlacing algorithm based on edge-dependent interpolation (EDI) that considers edge patterns is proposed. Generally, EDI algorithms perform visually better than other deinterlacing algorithms using one field. However, they produce unpleasant results due to failure in estimating edge direction. To estimate the edge direction precisely, not only simple differences between adjacent two lines but also edge patterns are used. Edge patterns, which give sufficient information to estimate the edge direction, appear along the edge direction. Therefore, we analyze properties of edge patterns and model them as a weight function. The weight function helps the proposed method to estimate the edge direction precisely. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional EDI approaches with respect to both objective and subjective criteria.
Factors predicting progression of IgA nephropathies (2005)

The difficulties in defining the natural history of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) depend upon the pre-selection of patients for renal biopsy, a true individual variability - ranging from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive forms - as well as the use of different classifications of the renal lesions and statistical analyses sometimes carrying incorrect modalities. Long-term natural history studies have demonstrated that the rate of progression has an extremely wide range, from 5 to 25% after 10 years and 25-50% at 20 years, and complete remission is reported as well in 5 to 30% of cases. A geographic variability has been confirmed in a tri-continental study, explainable only partly by the earlier referral. Among the factors predicting progression, the more frequent in cohorts showing worse actuarial survival at 10 years are those associated with the advanced phases of renal damage, as increased creatinine level, arterial hypertension and nephrotic range proteinuria. A multivariate statistical approach showed the relevance of proteinuria during follow-up (percent duration of massive proteinuria or proteinuria at 1 year) more than proteinuria at the onset. Mean blood pressure value (MAP) and proteinuria during follow-up were independent predictors of end-stage CKD. Note the predictive value of severe microscopic hematuria in several studies. As far as histological features are concerned, strong independent predictors of progression at Cox multivariate analysis are the severity of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. The presence of crescents was a risk factor in almost all studies at univariate analysis, but did not maintain a significant predictor value at multivariate analysis. Conversely the association between crescents and tuft adhesions, possibly resulting from previous segmental necrosis, was found to be a significant risk factor. The extent of mesangial proliferation and parietal expansion of deposits was not significantly associated to unfavourable prognosis at multivariate analysis. The analysis of risk factors for progression of IgAN related to Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) failed to demonstrate any prognostic value for the presence and severity of extra-renal signs of vasculitis or presence of triggering factors. At multivariate Cox analysis, age and mean proteinuria during follow-up were powerful independent prognostic predictors. Proteinuria at baseline was not significantly related to renal progression, nor were hypertension or impaired renal function at onset. It is of interest that data at onset and at renal biopsy (renal function impairment, hypertension, nephrotic-range proteinuira) were not significantly related with renal detrimental progression. Neither had prognostic value the finding of crescents involving up to 75% of glomeruli.
Molecular mapping of alzheimer‐type dementia in Down's syndrome (1998)

Previous research has hypothesized an association between Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene found on chromosome 21. We report the case of a 78-year-old woman with Down's syndrome with partial trisomy 21 [46,XX,rec(21)dup q, inv(21) (p12q22.1)]. No evidence of Alzheimer's disease was found on neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropathological assessment. The gene sequence for APP was present in only two copies. This case further supports the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease is associated with trisomy for proximal chromosome 21q, including the APP gene.
Organoboron Compounds. II. The B-Alkylation of N-Trisubstituted Borazoles (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboron Compounds. II. The B-Alkylation of N-Trisubstituted BorazolesJanet Hall Smalley and Stanley F. StafiejCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 3, 582–586Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01512a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01512a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
p53, Cip1, and Gadd153 expression following treatment of A549 cells with natural and man-made vitreous fibers. (1997)

DNA damage induced by chemicals and ionizing radiation is associated with the expression of negative regulators of the cell cycle. The arrest of cells in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle provides time for DNA repair. Asbestos fibers are carcinogenic when inhaled by both humans and animals; however, the mechanism by which the fibers exert their effect is unknown. This work was undertaken to determine whether the expression of DNA damage-inducible genes differs between crocidolite, a fiber positive for lung tumors, and JM 100 glass microfiber, which is negative for lung tumors when inhaled by rats. Temporal and dose-related expressions of p53, Cip1, and Gadd153 proteins were determined in cultured A549 cells treated with either Union Internationale Contre le Cancer crocidolite or JM 100 for 20 hr and cultured in fresh media. Immunolabeled cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the increased number of protein-expressing cells was determined by subtracting the expression in unexposed cells from exposed cells. Crocidolite induced the expression of all three proteins with a maximum expression after approximately 18 hr in fresh media. At a similar time point, JM 100 did not markedly induce the three proteins. Crocidolite also induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These results show that asbestos behaves like ionizing radiation and genotoxic chemicals by inducing proteins associated with DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest. The clear difference in response between crocidolite and JM 100 may help elucidate the mechanism of action of toxic and nontoxic fibers.
Anti-lipoteichoic acid antibodies enhance release of cytokines by monocytes sensitized with lipoteichoic acid (1994)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from gram-positive bacteria can stimulate monocytes to produce cytokines. To ascertain whether aggregation of LTA receptors can contribute to this effect, human monocytes were sensitized with LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes, washed, and treated with anti-LTA antibodies. The addition of anti-LTA antibodies or F(ab')2 fragments markedly enhanced the aggregation of LTA receptors, as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. These findings suggest that aggregation of LTA receptors of monocytes is required for triggering marked cytokine responses.
Distributed generation (electric power systems) (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Refining the Perfusion–Diffusion Mismatch Hypothesis (2005)

Deconvolution and application of PWI thresholds provide more conservative estimates of tissue at risk and decrease the frequency of mismatch accordingly. The precise definition may not be critical; however, because reperfusion alters tissue fate irrespective of mismatch.
Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase in Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Is Accelerated as a Result of Increased Susceptibility to Proteolysis (1996)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is subject to regulated degradation when cells are presented with an excess of sterols or mevalonate. In this report, we demonstrate the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase in ER membranes prepared from cells which have been pretreated with mevalonate or sterols prior to membrane purification. Degradation of HMG-CoA reductase in membranes prepared from pretreated cells is more rapid than in membranes prepared from cells which have received no regulatory molecules. In vitro degradation is blocked by protease inhibitors previously shown to inhibit reductase degradation in vivo and is specific for intact HMG-CoA reductase. The lumenal contents of the ER membranes are dispensible for the regulated proteolysis and the proteases responsible for reductase degradation are stably associated with the ER membrane. Regulated proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase is inhibited by lactacystin, a newly defined inhibitor of the multicatalytic protease, the proteasome, and in vitro degradation of reductase correlates with the presence of proteasome subunits in purified ER membranes. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation, which has recently been shown to be required for the degradation of several ER membrane proteins, is not required for the degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. Finally, we conclude that the regulated proteolysis of HMG-CoA reductase in response to regulatory molecules such as mevalonate or sterols is mediated by increased susceptibility of the reductase to ER proteases, rather than the induction of a new proteolytic activity.
Scalable streaming of JPEG2000 images using hypertext transfer protocol (2001)

This paper describes a scalable architecture for streaming of JPEG2000 images, using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). JPEG2000 is a new image compression standard. One of the goals of JPEG2000 is to support large images. For a large image, even the compressed image file size can be very big. Thus downloading the entire image at its full resolution can take a long time depending upon the user's connection speed. Thus we propose to use streaming of JPEG2000 images. We use Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for streaming. The use of HTTP to stream JPEG2000 images will ease its deployment, because of the widespread availability and accessibility of web servers. Thus JPEG2000 images can be hosted by web server and can be streamed to the client helper application. Our solution is scalable. The clients can view image at a variety of resolutions and quality levels. It is also possible to stream only selected region of the image at a particular resolution and decode this partial stream and display it at the client. Thus client devices with different capabilities, variety of screen resolutions, heterogeneous bandwidths can all achieve a scalable viewing of the same content stored in a single file.
The vagus nerve in the thermoregulatory response to systemic inflammation (1997)

Experimentally, systemic inflammation induced by a bolus intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be accompanied by three different thermoregulatory responses: monophasic fever (the typical response to low doses of LPS), biphasic fever (medium doses), and hypothermia (high doses). In our recent study [Romanovsky, A. A., V. A. Kulchitsky, C. T. Simons, N. Sugimoto, and M. Székely. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol.). In press], monophasic fever did not occur in subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats. In the present work, we asked whether vagotomy affects the two other types of thermoregulatory response. Adult Wistar rats were vagotomized (or sham operated) and had an intravenous catheter implanted. On day 28 postvagotomy, the thermal responses to the intravenous injection of Escherichia coli LPS (0, 1, 10, 100, or 1,000 micrograms/kg) were tested in either a neutral (30 degrees C) or slightly cool (25 degrees C) environment. Three major results were obtained. 1) In the sham-operated rats, the 1 microgram/kg dose of LPS caused at 30 degrees C a monophasic fever with a maximal colonic temperature (Tc) rise of approximately 0.6 degree C; this response was abated (no Tc changes) in the vagotomized rats. 2) At 30 degrees C, all responses to higher doses of LPS (10-1,000 micrograms/kg) were represented by biphasic fevers (the higher the dose, the less pronounced the first and the more pronounced the second phase was); none of these biphasic fevers was altered in the vagotomized animals. 3) In response to the 1,000 micrograms/kg dose at 25 degrees C, hypothermia occurred: Tc changed by -0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C (nadir); this hypothermia was exaggerated (-1.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C) in the vagotomized rats. It is concluded that vagal afferentation may be important in the mediation of the response to minor amounts of circulating LPS, whereas the response to larger amounts is brought about mostly (if not exclusively) by nonvagal mechanisms. This difference may be explained by the dose-dependent mechanisms of the processing of exogenous pyrogens. Vagotomized animals also appear to be more sensitive to the hypothermizing action of LPS in a cool environment; the mechanisms of this phenomenon remain speculative.