gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the convergence rate of full wavefield inversion using spectral shaping (2011)

The number of iterations required for convergence of Full Wavefield Inversion (FWI) can often be dramatically reduced by appropriately shaping the spectrum of the seismic data and the source wavelet. This shaping is designed such that the inversion generates subsurface models having a desired frequency spectrum, representative of the subsurface. This subsurface spectrum can be estimated by averaging the spectra of log curves (e.g., impedance) recorded in local wells. The spectral shaping method is particularly effective when the wavefield is dominated by primary reflections. In addition to speeding up convergence, spectral shaping preferentially increases the weight of the lower‐frequency part of the spectrum, stabilizing the inversion in the presence of local minima. It can thus be used to bypass the need for the commonly‐used multi‐scale approach.
Ex Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis of β-Amyloid Self-Assembly and Deposition on a Synthetic Template (2006)

The β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, which is the conversion of soluble Aβ peptides to insoluble plaques on a surface, is an essential pathological process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The identification and characterization of possible environmental factors that may influence amyloid deposition in vivo are important to unveil the underlying etiology of AD. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, diffuse plaques are initial and visual deposits in the early event of AD, leading to amyloid plaques. To study amyloid deposition and growth in vitro, we prepared a synthetic template by immobilizing Aβ seeds on an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-activated solid surface. According to our analysis with an ex situ atomic force microscope, the formation of amyloid plaque-like aggregates was mediated by the interaction between Aβ in a solution and on a synthetic template, suggesting that Aβ oligomers function well as seeds for amyloid deposition. It was observed that insoluble amyloid aggregates formed on the template surface serve as a sink of soluble Aβ in a solution as well as mediate the formation of intermediates in the pathway of amyloid fibrillization in a solution. Relative seeding efficiencies of fresh monomers, oligomers, and fully grown fibrils were analyzed by measuring the deposited plaque volume and its height distribution through atomic force microscopy. The result revealed that oligomeric forms of Aβ act more efficiently as seeds than monomers or fibrils do. Fluorescence spectroscopy with thioflavin T confirmed that amyloid aggregate formation proceeds in a concentration-dependent manner. Analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated a progressive transition of soluble Aβ42 monomer to amyloid fibrils having antiparallel β-sheet structure on the template. Furthermore, studies on the interaction between Aβ40 and 42, two major variants of Aβ derived from the amyloid precursor protein, showed that amyloid aggregate formation on the surface was accelerated further by the homogeneous association of soluble Aβ42 onto Aβ42 seeds than by other combinations. A slightly acidic condition was found to be unfavorable for amyloid formation. This study gives insight into understanding the effects of environmental factors on amyloid formation via the use of a synthetic template system.
Functional antagonism between vitamin D3 and retinoic acid in the regulation of CD14 and CD23 expression during monocytic differentiation of U-937 cells (1993)

1,25 alpha-Dihydroxicholecalciferol (VitD3) and retinoic acid (RA) are important regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of several cell types. This paper describes how the expression of the monocyte-macrophage Ag, CD14, and the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE, CD23, were inversely regulated during VitD3- and RA-induced monocytic differentiation of human U-937 monoblasts. PMA induced the expression of both CD14 and CD23 mRNA and protein. Exposure to VitD3 rapidly induced the de novo expression of CD14 mRNA and protein. The addition of cycloheximide completely blocked the VitD3 induction of CD14 mRNA expression, indicating that the induction was dependent on ongoing protein synthesis. While inducing CD14 expression, VitD3 concomitantly suppressed the basal, PMA-, and RA-inducible CD23 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, U-937 cells induced by RA strongly increased their expression of CD23 mRNA and protein, whereas they completely lacked detectable CD14 cell surface or mRNA expression. Furthermore, the VitD3- and the PMA-induced CD14 expression was inhibited as a temporal consequence of the RA-induced differentiation. The results suggest that there exists a functional antagonism between VitD3 and RA that may have important implications for the regulation of certain immune and inflammatory responses through their inverse effects on CD14 and CD23 gene expression.
Association of rosacea with demodicosis. (2007)

This study suggests that Demodex mites may play a role in pathogenesis of rosacea but it is not clear whether rosacea merely provides a suitable environment for multiplication of mites, or whether the mites play a role in the pathological changes.
Calcium Bioavailability and Kinetics of Calcium Ascorbate and Calcium Acetate in Rats (2004)

The objective was to investigate the bioavailability and mechanism of calcium absorption of calcium ascorbate (ASC) and calcium acetate (AC). A series of studies was performed in adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. In the first study, each group of rats (n = 10/group) was assigned to one of the five test meals labeled with (45)Ca: (i) 25 mg calcium as heated ASC or (ii) unheated ASC, (iii) 25 mg calcium as unheated AC, (iv) 3.6 mg Ca as unheated ASC, or (v) unheated AC. Femur uptake indicated better calcium bioavailability from ASC than AC at both calcium loads. A 5-min heat treatment partly reduced bioavailability of ASC. Kinetic studies were performed to further investigate the mechanism of superior calcium bioavailability from ASC. Two groups of rats (n = 10/group) received oral doses of 25 mg Ca as ASC or AC. Each dose contained 20 micro Ci (45)Ca. Two additional groups of rats (n = 10/group) received an intravenous injection (iv) of 10 micro Ci (45)Ca after receiving an unlabeled oral dose of 25 mg calcium as ASC or AC. Sequential blood samples were collected over 48 hrs. Urine and fecal samples were collected every 12 hrs for 48 hrs and were analyzed for total calcium and (45)Ca content. Total calcium and (45)Ca from serum, urine, and feces were fitted by a compartment kinetics model with saturable and nonsaturable absorption pathways by WinSAAM (Windows-based Simulation Analysis and Modeling). The difference in calcium bioavailability between the two salts was due to differences in saturable rather than passive intestinal absorption and not to endogenous secretion or calcium deposition rate. The higher bioavailability of calcium ascorbate was due to a longer transit time in the small intestine compared with ASC.
International multi-company collaborative engineering : a study of Japanese engineering and construction firms (1994)

HD28 .M414 no.3778-, 95,
Comb−Coil Polymer Brushes on the Surface of Silica Nanoparticles (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTComb−Coil Polymer Brushes on the Surface of Silica NanoparticlesHanying Zhao, Xiaoli Kang, and Li LiuView Author Information Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 26, 10619–10622Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2005Publication History Received17 August 2005Revised4 November 2005Published online18 November 2005Published inissue 1 December 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma051822phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma051822prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1818Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nanoparticles,Particulate matter,Polymer brushes,Radical polymerization,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Nanoscale chemical imaging by photoinduced force microscopy (2016)

Correlating spatial chemical information with the morphology of closely packed nanostructures remains a challenge for the scientific community. For example, supramolecular self-assembly, which provides a powerful and low-cost way to create nanoscale patterns and engineered nanostructures, is not easily interrogated in real space via existing nondestructive techniques based on optics or electrons. A novel scanning probe technique called infrared photoinduced force microscopy (IR PiFM) directly measures the photoinduced polarizability of the sample in the near field by detecting the time-integrated force between the tip and the sample. By imaging at multiple IR wavelengths corresponding to absorption peaks of different chemical species, PiFM has demonstrated the ability to spatially map nm-scale patterns of the individual chemical components of two different types of self-assembled block copolymer films. With chemical-specific nanometer-scale imaging, PiFM provides a powerful new analytical method for deepening our understanding of nanomaterials.
Women's knowledge of prenatal screening tests. 1: Relationships with hospital screening policy and demographic factors (1993)

Abstract Screening for fetal abnormalities has become a major part of routine antenatal care, but previous research suggests that women are not always well-informed about the tests that they undergo. Building on the knowledge questionnaire developed by Marteau e t al (1988), we explored the knowledge of approximately 1200 pregnant women, booked for care at nine different hospitals, in relation to hospital screening policy and demographic factors. The same questions were asked pre-booking and at 22 weeks. Knowledge increased substantially between these two occasions but results from a control group indicated that the increase in knowledge did not result from our having asked the questions at the time of the first questionnaire. Age, education, parity and hospital policy were all found to be strongly related to women's knowledge scores, although hospital differences were spa& to questions related to alpha-fetoprotein testing. Hospital differences were apparent before the first hospital visit, both for multiparous and primiparous women, and possible reasons for this are discussed.
Stimulation of CD8 T cell responses to MAGE‐3 and Melan A/MART‐1 by immunization to a polyvalent melanoma vaccine (1997)

A critical requirement for cancer vaccines is that they stimulate CD8+ T cell responses. In this study, we tested the ability of a polyvalent melanoma vaccine to induce CD8+ T cell responses to the melanoma associated antigens MAGE-3 and Melan A/MART-1. Fifteen HLA-A2+ patients with resected malignant melanoma were immunized with the vaccine s.c. every 2–3 weeks. CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood reacting to HLA-A2 restricted epitopes on MAGE-3 (FLWGPRALV) and Melan A/MART-1/(AAGIGILTV) were quantitated using a filter spot assay at baseline and following 4 immunizations. Vaccine immunization induced CD8+ T cells reacting to one or both of these peptides in 9 of the 15 (60%) patients. These cells were CD8+ and HLA-A2 restricted, as reactivity was abrogated by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to CD8 and class I HLA, but not by anti-CD4. All responding patients remained recurrence-free for at least 12 months (median 15 months, range 12 to >21 months), whereas melanoma recurred within 3–5 months in non-responders. The differences in outcome were unrelated to differences in disease severity or overall immunological competence between responders and non-responders. Our results demonstrate directly that MAGE-3 and Melan A/MART-1 can stimulate CD8+ T cell responses in humans, and suggest that these responses are protective and surrogate markers of vaccine efficacy. Int. J. Cancer 72:972–976, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Complex Determinants of Epithelial: Mesenchymal Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer (2017)

Unlike most epithelial malignancies which metastasize hematogenously, metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) occurs primarily via transcoelomic dissemination, characterized by exfoliation of cells from the primary tumor, avoidance of detachment-induced cell death (anoikis), movement throughout the peritoneal cavity as individual cells and multi-cellular aggregates (MCAs), adhesion to and disruption of the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum, and submesothelial matrix anchoring and proliferation to generate widely disseminated metastases. This exceptional microenvironment is highly permissive for phenotypic plasticity, enabling mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transitions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on EOC heterogeneity in an EMT context, outline major regulators of EMT in ovarian cancer, address controversies in EMT and EOC chemoresistance, and highlight computational modeling approaches toward understanding EMT/MET in EOC.
Characterization of a Novel, Non-peptidyl Antagonist of the Human Glucagon Receptor (1999)

We have identified a series of potent, orally bioavailable, non-peptidyl, triarylimidazole and triarylpyrrole glucagon receptor antagonists. 2-(4-Pyridyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-propyloxyphenyl)p yrr ole (L-168,049), a prototypical member of this series, inhibits binding of labeled glucagon to the human glucagon receptor with an IC50 = 3. 7 +/- 3.4 nM (n = 7) but does not inhibit binding of labeled glucagon-like peptide to the highly homologous human glucagon-like peptide receptor at concentrations up to 10 microM. The binding affinity of L-168,049 for the human glucagon receptor is decreased 24-fold by the inclusion of divalent cations (5 mM). L-168,049 increases the apparent EC50 for glucagon stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human glucagon receptor and decreases the maximal glucagon stimulation observed, with a Kb (concentration of antagonist that shifts the agonist dose-response 2-fold) of 25 nM. These data suggest that L-168,049 is a noncompetitive antagonist of glucagon action. Inclusion of L-168, 049 increases the rate of dissociation of labeled glucagon from the receptor 4-fold, confirming that the compound is a noncompetitive glucagon antagonist. In addition, we have identified two putative transmembrane domain residues, phenylalanine 184 in transmembrane domain 2 and tyrosine 239 in transmembrane domain 3, for which substitution by alanine reduces the affinity of L-168,049 46- and 4. 5-fold, respectively. These mutations do not alter the binding of labeled glucagon, suggesting that the binding sites for glucagon and L-168,049 are distinct.
Edge-based best-first chart parsing (1998)

Best-first probabilistic chart parsing attempts to parse efficiently by working on edges that are judged &amp;quot;best&amp;quot; by some probabilistic figure of merit (FOM). Recent work has used probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) to assign probabilities to constituents, and to use these probabilities as the starting point for the FOM. This paper extends this approach to using a probabilistic FOM to judge edges (incomplete constituents), thereby giving a much finergrained control over parsing effort. We show how this can be accomplished in a particularly simple way using the common idea of binarizing the PCFG. The results obtained are about a factor of twenty improvement over the best prior results --- that is, our parser achieves equivalent results using one twentieth the number of edges. Furthermore we show that this improvement is obtained with parsing precision and recall levels superior to those achieved by exhaustive parsing. 1 Introduction Finding one (or all) parses for a sentence ac...
A Perspective on Range Finding Techniques for Computer Vision (1983)

In recent times a great deal of interest has been shown, amongst the computer vision and robotics research community, in the acquisition of range data for supporting scene analysis leading to remote (noncontact) determination of configurations and space filling extents of three-dimensional object assemblages. This paper surveys a variety of approaches to generalized range finding and presents a perspective on their applicability and shortcomings in the context of computer vision studies.
Joule heating and heat transfer in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic systems (2003)

Joule heating is a significant problem in electrokinetically driven microfluidic chips, particularly polymeric systems where low thermal conductivities amplify the difficulty in rejecting this internally generated heat. In this work, a combined experimental (using a microscale thermometry technique) and numerical (using a 3D "whole-chip" finite element model) approach is used to examine Joule heating and heat transfer at a microchannel intersection in poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS), and hybrid PDMS/Glass microfluidic systems. In general the numerical predictions and the experimental results agree quite well (typically within +/- 3 degree C), both showing dramatic temperature gradients at the intersection. At high potential field strengths a nearly five fold increase in the maximum buffer temperature was observed in the PDMS/PDMS chips over the PDMS/Glass systems. The detailed numerical analysis revealed that the vast majority of steady state heat rejection is through lower substrate of the chip, which was significantly impeded in the former case by the lower thermal conductivity PDMS substrate. The observed higher buffer temperature also lead to a number of significant secondary effects including a near doubling of the volume flow rate. Simple guidelines are proposed for improving polymeric chip design and thereby extend the capabilities of these microfluidic systems.
Epidemiology of hepatitis C (1997)

In the United States, the annual number of newly acquired acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has declined from an estimated 180,000 in the mid 1980s to an estimated 28,000 in 1995. Approximately 25% to 30% of these infections are clinically apparent cases that are sufficiently symptomatic to gain medical attention. Deaths from fulminant hepatitis C are rare. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in the general population of the United States is 1.8%, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million Americans infected with HCV, and an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year result from HCV-associated chronic liver disease. HCV infection affects persons of all ages, but most acute cases of hepatitis C and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV are found among young adults. The highest proportion both of incident cases and prevalent infections is among whites, but the highest incidence and prevalence rates are among non-white racial/ethnic groups. In the past, transfusion of blood and blood products was an important source of HCV transmission, but currently, high-risk drug and sexual exposures account for most HCV transmission. Although the incidence of acute hepatitis C has declined, there is a large reservoir of chronically infected Americans who can serve as a source of transmission to others and who are at risk of the severe consequences of chronic liver disease.
High frequency of activation of tyrosine kinase oncogenes in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. (1989)

We had previously detected a transforming oncogene, designated PTC, in 25% of 20 papillary thyroid carcinomas. In order to characterize further the transforming activity of this tumour histotype, a new panel of tumour specimens from 16 patients was analysed by using a modified calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation transfection protocol. Tumour DNA from 10 patients (62%) displayed a transforming activity due to activation of three different oncogenes identified in four cases as PTC, in four cases as TRK, and in two cases as N-RAS. The same structural alterations of PTC and TRK (gene rearrangements) as well as of N-RAS (point mutation) detected in the NIH3T3 transformants, were also found in the original tumour DNAs, thus indicating that their activation was not due to transfection procedures. Since both PTC, a novel rearranged form of RET, and TRK display a tyrosine protein kinase activity, it is proposed that the activation of this class of oncogenes is specifically involved in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer.
[Randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation among city office employees]. (1999)

To evaluate the effect of a smoking cessation program by health professionals, a randomized intervention study was carried out in the Omihachiman city office in 1993. Participants (n = 53), volunteers from current smokers in the city office, were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received intensive education for five months (i.e., the effect of smoking on health, the beneficial aspects of quitting smoking, how to stop smoking and how to deal with the withdrawal symptoms). Group lectures (two times) and individual counseling (three times) were used for health education. After five months, the control group was also given the same advice on smoking cessation. Comparison of smoking cessation rates between the two groups was performed at the end of the intervention period. Follow-up of all participants occurred at six and 12 months post intervention. After the five months of intervention, smoking cessation rate in the intervention group (19.2%) tended to be higher than that in the control group (7.4%), but was not significant (chi 2 = 1.62). Over all smoking cessation rates of all participants (n = 53) at the end of the 10 month intervention was 32.1% and at six months and 1 year after the end of the 10 month intervention were 24.5% and 13.2%, respectively. Comparison of participants who successfully stopped smoking and those who did not, it was revealed that younger age, lower expired air CO concentration (p < 0.01), and attitude for smoking cessation at the beginning were significantly related to smoking cessation. In our study, after five months, smoking cessation rate in the intervention group was about two times that of the control group, although the effectiveness of our smoking cessation program could not be validated due to small sample size. Taking into account the rate of smoking cessation after one year, We believe that programs by health professionals are effective for smoking cessation.
Intralesional immunotherapy compared to cryotherapy in the treatment of warts (2017)

Intralesional immunotherapy is an effective treatment of warts. This method has a better therapeutic response, needs fewer sessions, and is capable of treating distant warts.
Localization Tattoos: An Alternative Method Using Fluorescent Inks (2006)

This study compares the current tattooing method used in radiation therapy with a proposed technique that addresses issues of tattoos as permanent treatment reminders, diffi culty identifying tattoos in areas with hair follicles and tattoo visibility on darker-skinned patients.