gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidations by thionyl chloride. 8. A convenient synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes from carboxylic acids and ketones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidations by thionyl chloride. 8. A convenient synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes from carboxylic acids and ketonesTatsuo Higa and Arnold J. KrubsackCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3399–3403Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00883a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views871Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Query expansion using SMART : TREC 3 (1994)

The Smart information retrieval project emphasizes completely automatic approaches to the understanding and retrieval of large quantities of text. We continue our work in TREC 3, performing runs in the routing, ad-hoc, and foreign language environments. Our major focus is massive query expansion: adding from 300 to 530 terms to each query. These terms come from known relevant documents in the case of routing, and from just the top retrieved documents in the case of ad-hoc and Spanish. This approach improves effectiveness from 7% to 25% in the various experiments. Other ad-hoc work extends our investigations into combining global similarities, giving an overall indication of how a document matches a query, with local similarities identifying a smaller part of the document which matches the query. Using an overlapping text window definition of &amp;quot;local&amp;quot;, we achieve a 16% improvement. Introduction For over 30 years, the Smart project at Cornell University has been interested in the analy...
Web-application development using the Model/View/Controller design pattern (2002)

The Model/View/Controller design pattern is very useful for architecting interactive software systems. This design pattern is partition-independent, because it is expressed in terms of an interactive application running in a single address space. Applying the Model/View/Controller design pattern to web-applications is therefore complicated by the fact that current technologies encourage developers to partition the application as early as in the design phase. Subsequent changes to that partitioning require considerable changes to the application's implementation-despite the fact that the application logic has not changed. This paper introduces the concept of Flexible Web-Application Partitioning, a programming model and implementation infrastructure, that allows developers to apply the Model/View/Controller design pattern in a partition-independent manner Applications are developed and tested in a single address-space; they can then be deployed to various client/server architectures without changing the application's source code. In addition, partitioning decisions can be changed without modifying the application.
Magnetocaloric effect in La{sub 0.67}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub {delta}} and La{sub 0.60}Y{sub 0.07}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub {delta}} bulk materials (1996)

The dependence of magnetization on the applied magnetic field and temperature was measured carefully near their Curie temperatures for two perovskite manganite samples: La{sub 0.67}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub {delta}} and La{sub 0.60}Y{sub 0.07}Ca{sub 0.33}MnO{sub {delta}}. It is suggested by the results that these materials can be utilized as both the thermal storage (passive regeneration) and as the working material (active regeneration) in an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator with very large temperature span, for their significant entropy change upon the application of a magnetic field and the easily tuned Curie temperatures. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}
Inflammatory Response and Glia Activation in Developing Rat Hippocampus after Status Epilepticus (2005)

This study shows that cytokine induction in rat brain after sustained seizures is age dependent, and it is associated with the appearance of cell injury.
Direct Identification of Disulfide Bond Linkages in Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) by Chemical Synthesis (1989)

The primary structure of human IGF-I, except for the disulfide bond system, has been reported by Rinderknecht and Humbel. IGF-I afforded the corresponding characteristic peptide fragment on V8 protease digestion, which contained Cys6, Cys47, Cys48, and Cys52. Two possible fragments, Type I with Cys6-Cys47 and Cys48-Cys52, and Type II with Cys6-Cys48 and Cys47-Cys52, were synthesized. The disulfide bond system of IGF-I was unequivocally determined to be the Type II form along with Cys18-Cys61. Interestingly, the Type I system was included in the disulfide bond isomer produced as the main by-product in the refolding step on IGF-I synthesis by the recombinant DNA method.
코로나19, 대구의 초기 대응에 관한 주요 쟁점 분석 (2020)

이 논문은 2020년 봄 코로나19에 대한 대구 지역사회의 대응을 관찰하면서, 주로 통제-합의 틀에 기반을 두어 주요 쟁점을 분석한다. 여전히 팬데믹이 진행 중인 시점에서 섣부른 판단과 예측을 할 수 없으며, 어디까지나 초기 또는 1차 평가로 봄이 옳다. 아직 관련 학술연구의 성과가 덜 축적된 점을 고려하여 주로 공공부문과 언론 등의 자료와 논의, 관계자 면담 등을 활용하였다. 2월, 감염의 갑작스러운 폭발-긴급한 대응-상대적인 선방의 과정을 개관하면서, 공공부문의 대응을 4가지 주요 논점별로 정리 분석하였다. 즉, 국가-개인, 정부-시장, 집권-분권, 고립-연대의 이슈별로 서로가 어울려 있는 모습을 관찰하였는데, 국가와 정부가 2020년 획기적으로 팽창한 가운데 규제 영역에서 민간과 현장의 창의성이 발휘됨과 동시에, 중앙 및 지방정부의 지원역할 확대도 두드러졌다. 비상시 필요한 집권의 필요성이 감염병 대응에서도 관찰되었지만, 초기 현장에서 무시되었던 분권의 가치가 재확인되기도 했다. 정부의 통제보다는 시민에 의한 자율적 고립과 참여가 관찰되었으며, 위기 속의 연대도 극명하게 드러났다. 마지막으로 이 연구는 감염병 사태에 대한 공공부문의 향후 대응방향에 대하여도 일정한 시사점을 제공한다.
Pharmacological profile of the novel P2T‐purinoceptor antagonist, FPL 67085 in vitro and in the anaesthetized rat in vivo (1995)

1. The role of endogenous ADP in platelet aggregation in vivo remains unclear due to the lack of suitable P2T-antagonist probes. This paper describes the potency, selectivity and specificity of the novel P 2T-purinoceptor antagonist, FPL 67085 (2-propylthio-D-beta,gamma-dichloromethylene ATP) both in vitro and in the anaesthetized rat in vivo. 2. FPL 67085 (3-30 nM) produced concentration-dependent rightward displacement of the concentration-effect (E/[A]) curve for ADP-induced aggregation of human washed platelets with no effect on ADP-independent aggregation at < or = 10 microM. 3. Logistic fitting of ADP E/[A] data indicated that the antagonist effect of FPL 67085 did not consistently accord with simple competition: in some preparations depression of the asymptote was seen. Schild analysis of data combined from all preparations, regardless of the antagonist profile observed, gave an apparent pKB of 8.9 (slope parameter 0.90). 4. The potency of FPL 67085 was unaffected by the P1-purinoceptor antagonist, 8-sulphophenyltheophylline, was similar (IC50 0.6-3.8 nM) in human and rat washed platelets or whole blood and, in rat blood, did not change following 2-30 min incubation at 37 degrees C. 5. FPL 67085 was a weak (pA50 approximately 4.2) partial agonist in tissues containing P2X- or P2Y-purinoceptors, indicating some 30,000 fold selectivity for the P2T-subtype. 6. In anaesthetized rats, intravenous infusion of FPL 67085 produced rapidly-reversible, dose-related inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation measured ex vivo (ID50 1.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1) with no significant effect on haemodynamics or circulating cell counts. 7. Thus, FPL 67085 is a potent, specific and selective inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. As such, it represents a novel pharmacological tool to define the role of endogenous ADP in thrombosis and the potential of P2T-purinoceptor antagonists as a novel class of infusible anti-thrombotic agents for acute use in man.
Theoretical analysis of power clock generator based on the switched capacitor regulator for adiabatic CMOS logic (2008)

This paper reports an analytical method of a power clock generator based on a switched capacitor circuit which is used in adiabatic logic. We derive first an equivalent circuit model of the switched capacitor circuit. We then discuss the design optimization of the capacitance ratio. Finally, we show that the analytical results agree rather well with the SPICE simulation results.
Supporting Video-mediated Communication over the Internet (2003)

The tremendous success of the Internet in providing a global communication infrastructure for a wide variety of applications has inspired the invention of packet video systems for synchronous interpersonal communication. The potential benefits of video-mediated communication are numerous, ranging from improved social interactions between individuals to more efficient distributed collaborative work. However, since the Internet was originally designed as a data communication network, primarily supporting asynchronous applications like file transfer and electronic mail, the realization of Internet-based packet video systems presents considerable technological challenges. Specifically, the best-effort service model of the Internet, that does not guarantee timely delivery of packets, implies that video applications must be resilient to packet loss and adaptive to variations in bandwidth and delay. Two fundamental issues are how to make the systems scalable to large numbers of widely distributed users, and how to support video-mediated communication in highly heterogeneous environments. Since the Internet is built upon network connections of widely different capacities and since the computers connected to the network have vastly different characteristics, video applications must be adaptive to diverse and dynamic conditions. Furthermore, video-mediated communication systems must take various application-specific requirements and usability concerns into consideration. This thesis contributes to the realization of a flexible framework for videomediated communication over the Internet by presenting scalable and adaptive algorithms for multicast flow control, layered video coding, and robust transport of video. Enrichments of video-mediated communication, in the shape of stereoscopic video transmission mechanisms and mobility support, are proposed along with design and implementation guidelines. Furthermore, the scope of Internet video is broadened through the introduction of a novel video gateway technology interconnecting multicast videoconferences with the World Wide Web. In addition to the contributions on core technology, the thesis also deals with applications of video-mediated communication. Specifically, the use of video for distributed collaborative teamwork is explored through experiments with prototype implementations.
Systems-level analysis of age-related macular degeneration reveals global biomarkers and phenotype-specific functional networks (2012)

We discovered new global biomarkers and gene expression signatures of AMD. These results are consistent with a model whereby cell-based inflammatory responses represent a central feature of AMD etiology, and depending on genetics, environment, or stochastic factors, may give rise to the advanced AMD phenotypes characterized by angiogenesis and/or cell death. Genes regulating these immunological activities, along with numerous other genes identified here, represent promising new targets for AMD-directed therapeutics and diagnostics.
A Review of Biologic Therapies Targeting IL-23 and IL-17 for Use in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis (2015)

The development of several highly effective biologic drugs in the past decade has revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. With increased understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, the emphasis has turned toward more specific targets for psoriasis drugs. Although the complex immunological pathway of psoriasis is not yet completely understood, current models emphasize the significant importance of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-17. Several biologic drugs targeting these cytokines are now in various stages of drug development. Drugs targeting IL-23 include BI-655066, briakinumab, guselkumab, tildrakizumab, and ustekinumab. Drugs targeting IL-17 include brodalumab, ixekizumab, and secukinumab. While many of these have shown safety and good efficacy in clinical trials of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, long-term safety is still to be established.
Separation of the glucose-stimulated cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD(P)H responses in pancreatic islet β cells (2000)

Two-photon excitation microscopy was used to image and quantify NAD(P)H autofluorescence from intact pancreatic islets under glucose stimulation. At maximal glucose stimulation, the rise in whole-cell NAD(P)H levels was estimated to be approximately 30 microM. However, because glucose-stimulated insulin secretion involves both glycolytic and Kreb's cycle metabolism, islets were cultured on extracellular matrix that promotes cell spreading and allows spatial resolution of the NAD(P)H signals from the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The metabolic responses in these two compartments are shown to be differentially stimulated by various nutrient applications. The glucose-stimulated increase of NAD(P)H fluorescence within the cytoplasmic domain is estimated to be approximately 7 microM. Likewise, the NAD(P)H increase of the mitochondrial domain is approximately 60 microM and is delayed with respect to the change in cytoplasmic NAD(P)H by approximately 20 sec. The large mitochondrial change in glucose-stimulated NAD(P)H thus dominates the total signal but may depend on the smaller but more rapid cytoplasmic increase.
The upstream region of the human gamma-globin gene promoter. Identification and functional analysis of nuclear protein binding sites (1991)

The promoter of the human gamma-globin gene confers tissue specificity as well as developmental stage specificity to gamma gene expression. Earlier work in our laboratory suggested that a fragment of the gamma-globin promoter between -300 and -137 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site contributed to the developmental specificity of the promoter. In this paper, we have mapped potential regulatory elements within this upstream region of the gamma promoter by a combination of in vitro DNA-protein binding assays and functional determinations of promoter strength in transient expression studies. Four sites between -300 and -130 bind proteins present in nuclear extracts of erythroid and non-erythroid cell lines. Mutation of these binding sites by internal base substitution determined that three of the four influence overall promoter strength in transient assays. We have focused on two protein binding sites, -246 to -212 and -195 to -170, that have been reported to bind erythroid-specific factors. The erythroid binding protein NF-E1 and a ubiquitous octamer protein footprint the -195 to -170 site. While internal mutation of this site did not significantly alter promoter strength, a point mutation at position -175 that is associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin increased the activity of a promoter construct 20-fold in erythroid cells. A detailed mutational analysis of this site suggests that NF-E1 binding is necessary but not sufficient for activation of the promoter by the -175 mutation, and we propose that a second protein or co-activator is required. The nucleotides between -246 and -212 appear to bind a complex of at least three proteins, at the core of which is a protein binding to a string of dA:dT residues. This complex also appears to form on the 3' A gamma-globin enhancer, and homologous sites have been identified within the locus activating region of the beta-globin cluster, suggesting that this element may mediate long range interactions with distant regulatory elements.
Neutralizing antibodies to all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus elicited by synthetic peptides. (1990)

Uncoupled peptides from all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) protein VP1 have been used to elicit neutralizing antibody responses in guinea-pigs. The responses were largely serotype specific, although some significant cross-neutralization was observed. Dimeric tandem peptides have also been used to simultaneously elicit neutralizing antibodies to two different FMDV serotypes. The possible existence of structural features common to the B-cell neutralization sites or the guinea-pig helper T-cell sites within all seven peptides are analysed and discussed.
Alcohol's contribution to compromised immunity. (1997)

Alcoholics frequently suffer from infectious diseases and have increased rates of some cancers, indicating that alcohol impairs the immune system, which protects the body against this type of damage. Alcohol interferes with the functions of many of the cells and molecules that are part of the immune system. For example, alcohol inhibits the functions of the cells that ingest and destroy invading microorganisms (i.e., neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages). Both acute and chronic alcohol exposure also alter the production of signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response (i.e., cytokines). Finally, alcohol adversely affects the functions of the cells that mediate the immune response against specific microorganisms and long-term immunity (i.e., T cells and B cells). As a result, alcoholics have an increased susceptibility to diseases caused by bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and pneumonia. Alcoholics also may be more susceptible to infections from the virus that causes AIDS. In addition, alcohol intoxication can exacerbate the immune suppression that occurs after traumatic injuries.
An Artificial Sweetener Stimulates the Sweet Taste in Insect: Dual Effects of Glycyrrhizin in Phormia regina (2001)

Glycyrrhizin, found in the root of licorice (Glycyrrhizia glabra), has been used extensively as a non-sugar sweetener for humans and also as a medicine. As far as we know, the present work is the first report describing that a non-sugar sweetener for humans induces a sweet taste in insects. In behavioural experiments, we found that glycyrrhizin induced the feeding response, including full proboscis extension in the blowfly, Phormia regina. Glycyrrhizin also induced impulses of the sugar receptor cell in the labellar chemosensillum, which is highly specialized for the tastes of sugars and nucleotides. The optimum concentration of glycyrrhizin was 3.0 mM, which is much lower than that of sucrose. It has been established that multiple receptor sites, the pyranose receptor site (P site) and the furanose receptor site (F site), are present in the sugar receptor cell of the blowfly and the fleshfly. The inhibitors specific to the P site, starch and PCMB (p-chloromercuribenzoate), partially inhibited glycyrrhizin-induced responses but not levan (an inhibitor to the F site), indicating that the P site on the sugar receptor cell is involved in the glycyrrhizin action but not the F site. When 30 s stimulation with 3.0 mM glycyrrhizin was repeated with an interval of 3--10 min, the impulse frequency to the second stimulus was higher than that to the first one and doubled within 6 min. The first stimulus lasting longer than 10 s potentiated the impulse generation and reduced the adaptation rate during the second stimulus. These results suggest that, in addition to the action via the P site, an additional mechanism, possibly in the signal transduction cascade of the sugar receptor cell, may be involved in the action of glycyrrhizin.
Interplay of energy and performance for disk arrays running transaction processing workloads (2003)

The growth of business enterprises and the emergence of the Internet as a medium for data processing has led to a proliferation of applications that are server-centric. The power dissipation of such servers has a major consequence not only on the costs and environmental concerns of power generation and delivery, but also on their reliability and on the design of cooling and packaging mechanisms for these systems. This paper examines the energy and performance ramifications in the design of disk arrays which consume a major portion of the power in transaction processing environments. Using traces of TPC-C and TPC-H running on commercial servers, we conduct in-depth simulations of energy and performance behavior of disk arrays with different RAID configurations. Our results demonstrate that conventional disk power optimizations that have been previously proposed and evaluated for single disk systems' (laptops/workstations) are not very effective in server environments, even if we can design disks than have extremely fast spinup/spindown latencies and predict the idle periods accurately. On the other hand, tuning RAID parameters (RAID type, number of disks, stripe size etc.) has more impact on the power and performance behavior of these systems, sometimes having opposite effects on these two criteria.
RNA-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy (2015)

RNA vaccines traditionally consist of messenger RNA synthesized by in vitro transcription using a bacteriophage RNA polymerase and template DNA that encodes the antigen(s) of interest. Once administered and internalized by host cells, the mRNA transcripts are translated directly in the cytoplasm and then the resulting antigens are presented to antigen presenting cells to stimulate an immune response. Alternatively, dendritic cells can be loaded with either tumor associated antigen mRNA or total tumor RNA and delivered to the host to elicit a specific immune response. In this review, we will explain why RNA vaccines represent an attractive platform for cancer immunotherapy, discuss modifications to RNA structure that have been developed to optimize mRNA vaccine stability and translational efficiency, and describe strategies for nonviral delivery of mRNA vaccines, highlighting key preclinical and clinical data related to cancer immunotherapy.
Prediction of rho-independent transcriptional terminators in Escherichia coli (2001)

A new algorithm called RNAMotif containing RNA structure and sequence constraints and a thermodynamic scoring system was used to search for intrinsic rho-independent terminators in the Escherichia coli K-12 genome. We identified all 135 reported terminators and 940 putative terminator sequences beginning no more than 60 nt away from the 3'-end of the annotated transcription units (TU). Putative and reported terminators with the scores above our chosen threshold were found for 37 of the 53 non-coding RNA TU and for almost 50% of the 2592 annotated protein-encoding TU, which correlates well with the number of TU expected to contain rho-independent terminators. We also identified 439 terminators that could function in a bi-directional fashion, servicing one gene on the positive strand and a different gene on the negative strand. Approximately 700 additional termination signals in non-coding regions (NCR) far away from the nearest annotated gene were predicted. This number correlates well with the excess number of predicted 'orphan' promoters in the NCR, and these promoters and terminators may be associated with as yet unidentified TU. The significant number of high scoring hits that occurred within the reading frame of annotated genes suggests that either an additional component of rho-independent terminators exists or that a suppressive mechanism to prevent unwanted termination remains to be discovered.