gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Factors in the Germination of Spore-bearing Aerobes: Observations on the Influence of Species, Strain and Conditions of Growth (1950)

SUMMARY: Some chemical requirements for stimulating the germination of spores of a few species of the genus Bacillus were studied by means of viable counts. Of the three compounds alanine, tyrosine and adenosine, l-alanine was present in all cases where highly significant stimulation was observed; the need for the other two compounds ranged from ability to dispense completely with both of them to a distinct need for the two together to produce a maximum effect. Generally, the effects were greater with spores grown in a chemically defined amino-acid medium aerated by shaking than with those grown on the surface of a casein-hydrolysate agar. In the single case examined, that of a laboratory strain of B. subtilis, the effect of l-alanine was strongly inhibited d-alanine at a molar ratio of 1:30.
Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase produces PPAR‐α‐mediated analgesia in a rat model of inflammatory pain (2008)

URB597 inhibited receptive field expansions but not mechanically evoked responses of spinal neurons in rats with hind paw inflammation. These effects were blocked by PPAR-alpha receptor antagonism. These data support the contention that URB597 exerts its antinociceptive effects by indirect inhibition of sensitization of neuronal responses at least partly through PPAR-alpha activation due to enhanced EC levels.
Functional Differences and Interactions among the Putative RecA Homologs Rad51, Rad55, and Rad57 (1995)

The genes of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 epistasis group are required for the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Three of these genes, RAD51, RAD55, and RAD57, have been identified as putative RecA homologs. An important feature of RecA is its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP. RAD55 and RAD57 contain putative nucleotide binding motifs, and the importance of these motifs was determined by constructing site-directed mutations of the conserved lysine residue within the Walker A-box. Changing the lysine residue to arginine or alanine resulted in a mutant phenotype in DNA repair and sporulation for Rad55 but not for Rad57. Protein-protein interactions among Rad51, Rad55, and Rad57 were tested for by the two-hybrid system. Rad55 was shown to interact with Rad51 and Rad57 but not with itself. Additionally, no interaction between Rad57 and Rad51 or between Rad57 and itself was detected. Consistent with the hypothesis that Rad55 and Rad57 may function within, or stabilize, a protein complex, we found that RAD51 expressed from a high-copy-number plasmid suppresses the DNA repair defect of strains carrying rad55 and rad57 mutations. These data, in conjunction with other reports, demonstrate the importance of protein-protein interactions in the process of DNA repair.
Recovery from anti-VIII:C (antihemophilic factor) autoimmune disease is dependent on generation of antiidiotypes against anti-VIII:C autoantibodies. (1987)

Plasma samples obtained from a patient 6 wk, 6 months, and 4 yr after recovery from anti-VIII:C (anti-hemophilic factor, where VIII:C = factor VIII procoagulant activity) autoimmune disease were found to contain antibodies that inhibited anti-VIII:C activity in the patient's prerecovery plasma and in the plasma of two other patients with anti-VIII:C autoantibodies. F(ab')2 fragments from postrecovery IgG suppressed anti-VIII:C activity in F(ab')2 fragments from prerecovery IgG within a narrow range of molar ratios. Anti-VIII:C activity in F(ab')2 autoantibodies was also inhibited by F(ab')2 fragments from polyspecific therapeutic immunoglobulins prepared from a large pool of normal donors (IVIg). IgG from prerecovery plasma bound to F(ab')2 from postrecovery IgG and to F(ab')2 from IVIg, as assessed by ELISA. Affinity chromatography experiments demonstrated that F(ab')2 from postrecovery IgG preferentially bound anti-VIII:C antibodies among F(ab')2 fragments from prerecovery plasma containing anti-VIII:C autoantibodies. F(ab')2 from prerecovery plasma bound in higher amounts to postrecovery F(ab')2 than to IVIg. Insolubilized F(ab')2 fragments from postrecovery plasma also bound F(ab')2 fragments prepared from the plasma of another patient with anti-VIII:C autoimmune disease, although in lesser amounts than the patient's own prerecovery anti-VIII:C F(ab')2 antibodies. These observations suggest that human anti-VIII:C autoantibodies share idiotypic determinants and that spontaneous recovery from anti-VIII:C autoimmune disease occurs through idiotypic suppression of autoantibodies. In patients who recover from autoimmune disease and in patients in whom autoantibodies have been suppressed by infusions of IVIg, antiidiotypic antibodies, possibly by providing internal images of the antigen, may have shifted the immune system toward the steady-state equilibrium that prevents autoimmunity in normal individuals.
Optical equalization for high-bit-rate fiber-optic communications (1990)

An optical equalizer consisting of a reflective cavity structure, which gives an all-pass amplitude response and a frequency-selective delay response, is described. Equalizer performance is evaluated for links using external modulation with chirp absent. It is also shown that, by using equalizers of the type described, the receiver data eye can remain open for distances more than twice those where the unequalized system becomes inoperable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
B Cell Receptor Basal Signaling Regulates Antigen-Induced Ig Light Chain Rearrangements (2008)

BCR editing in the bone marrow contributes to B cell tolerance by orchestrating secondary Ig rearrangements in self-reactive B cells. We have recently shown that loss of the BCR or a pharmacologic blockade of BCR proximal signaling pathways results in a global "back-differentiation" response in which immature B cells down-regulate genes important for the mature B cell program and up-regulate genes characteristic of earlier stages of B cell development. These observations led us to test the hypothesis that self-Ag-induced down-regulation of the BCR, and not self-Ag-induced positive signals, lead to Rag induction and hence receptor editing. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that immature B cells from xid (x-linked immunodeficiency) mice induce re-expression of a Rag2-GFP bacterial artificial chromosome reporter as well as wild-type immature B cells following Ag incubation. Incubation of immature B cells with self-Ag leads to a striking reversal in differentiation to the pro-/pre-B stage of development, consistent with the idea that back-differentiation results in the reinduction of genes required for L chain rearrangement and receptor editing. Importantly, Rag induction, the back-differentiation response to Ag, and editing in immature and pre-B cells are inhibited by a combination of phorbol ester and calcium ionophore, agents that bypass proximal signaling pathways and mimic BCR signaling. Thus, mimicking positive BCR signals actually inhibits receptor editing. These findings support a model whereby Ag-induced receptor editing is inhibited by BCR basal signaling on developing B cells; BCR down-regulation removes this basal signal, thereby initiating receptor editing.
Superior Nanoporous Polyimides via Supercritical CO2 Drying of Jungle‐Gym‐Type Polyimide Gels (2007)

Abstract We report novel nanoporous polyimides formed from jungle‐gym‐type rigid polyimide gels by supercritical CO 2 drying. By virtue of supercritical CO 2 drying to avoid the collapse of nanostructure, porosity above 90 vol.‐% was achieved. We found a rich variety of nanoporous structures in the range of 50–800 nm such as crisp fragments, minute network, and highly‐connected beads. These characteristic structures were formed by the competitive progress of liquid‐liquid phase separation and crystallization induced due to the two chemical reactions of end‐crosslinking and thermal imidization during gelation. magnified image
Penicillamine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Severe Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (1986)

One hundred sixty-two children with severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were entered in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-month clinical trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of two slower-acting antirheumatic drugs, penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine. The study was a cooperative effort of the United States and the Soviet Union. One group of subjects received 10 mg of penicillamine per kilogram of body weight per day, another group received 6 mg of hydroxychloroquine per kilogram daily, and a third group received placebo. All three groups were allowed a single concurrent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, but no other antirheumatic medications, including corticosteroids. All three groups had dramatic improvement in many of the clinical and laboratory outcome variables after one year of study. There were no significant differences in efficacy between the penicillamine and placebo groups. Pain on movement was the only index of articular disease that was alleviated more by hydroxychloroquine than by placebo. Serious adverse drug reactions attributable to the active agents were rare. We were unable to demonstrate that, in the presence of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, either penicillamine or hydroxychloroquine is superior to placebo in the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Summarizing text documents (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Summarizing text documents: sentence selection and evaluation metrics Authors: Jade Goldstein Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Mark Kantrowitz Just Research, 4616 Henry Street, Pittsburgh, PA Just Research, 4616 Henry Street, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Vibhu Mittal Just Research, 4616 Henry Street, Pittsburgh, PA Just Research, 4616 Henry Street, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Jaime Carbonell Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '99: Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalAugust 1999 Pages 121–128https://doi.org/10.1145/312624.312665Published:01 August 1999Publication History 264citation3,037DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations264Total Downloads3,037Last 12 Months222Last 6 weeks42 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Rapid analysis of protein structure and dynamics by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. (2003)

An automated approach for the rapid analysis of protein structure has been developed and used to study acid-induced conformational changes in human growth hormone. The labeling approach involves hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/D-Ex) of protein backbone amide hydrogens with rapid and sensitive detection by mass spectrometry (MS). Briefly, the protein is incubated for defined intervals in a deuterated environment. After rapid quenching of the exchange reaction, the partially deuterated protein is enzymatically digested and the resulting peptide fragments are analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The deuterium buildup curve measured for each fragment yields an average amide exchange rate that reflects the environment of the peptide in the intact protein. Additional analyses allow mapping of the free energy of folding on localized segments along the protein sequence affording unique dynamic and structural information. While amide H/D-Ex coupled with MS is recognized as a powerful technique for studying protein structure and protein-ligand interactions, it has remained a labor-intensive task. The improvements in the amide H/D-Ex methodology described here include solid phase proteolysis, automated liquid handling and sample preparation, and integrated data reduction software that together improve sequence coverage and resolution, while achieving a sample throughput nearly 10-fold higher than the commonly used manual methods.
Biologic activities of the murine beta -chemokine TCA3. (1994)

The murine beta-chemokine TCA3 was purified to homogeneity. The biologic activities of the purified glycoprotein were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Mice injected i.p. with 1- to 100-ng purified rTCA3 exhibited a rapid influx of neutrophils and macrophages. Increased numbers of neutrophils and monocytes were observed in peripheral blood within 15 min and peak at 45 min. After 45 min neutrophil and macrophage levels were increased in the peritoneal exudate with peak levels occurring at 2 h, followed by a subsequent decline by 24 h. Inflammatory responses were induced in a dose-dependent fashion. The in vivo inflammatory responses were mirrored by the pattern of TCA3-induced chemotaxis in vitro. Neutrophils and macrophages responded to similar concentrations of TCA3 (3 x 10(-9) to 10(-8) M). Lymph node cells responded to other chemokines but did not migrate to TCA3. We also demonstrated that rTCA3 stimulates a transient increase in cytoplasmic free calcium in monocytic cells through a PTX-sensitive pathway. Cross-desensitization studies indicate that TCA3 acts independently of other beta-chemokines (MIP-1 alpha and RANTES) and the alpha-chemokine IL-8. Furthermore, TCA3 does not induce a Ca2 lux in cells transfected with cDNA for the C-C CKR-1 chemokine receptor, supporting the conclusion that there are distinct receptors for TCA3.
Measurement of piezoelectric coefficients of lead zirconate titanate thin films by strain-monitoring pneumatic loading method (2002)

A method to simultaneously measure the longitudinal (d33) and transverse (d31) piezoelectric coefficients of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film was developed. This system was based on the pneumatic loading method but was modified to monitor the radial strain when a pressurized gas was introduced into the chamber. The results of the bulk piezoelectric material measured by this system coincided with that measured by both the Berlincourt method and the resonance method. The effective d33 and the real d31 of the PZT thin film fabricated by the sol-gel multiple coating method, and poled at 300 kV/cm were 125 and −60 pC/N, respectively. The real d33 estimated upon considering the constraints by the silicon substrate was 180 pC/N.
Patient geometry‐driven information retrieval for IMRT treatment plan quality control (2009)

This method provides an effective quality control mechanism for evaluating the DVHs of the OARs. Adoption of such a method will advance the quality of current IMRT planning, providing better treatment plan consistency.
Effect of pH on dye-laser output power (1977)

Experiments have been performed to measure the output power of stimulated emission from acidified or basified solutions of xanthene dyes pumped by a N2 laser. The results showed the laser output power was improved for rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B, pyronin B, fluorescein disodium salt, and fluorescein dipotassium salt by factors of 2.2, 2.8, 1.7, 26.7, and 8.6, respectively.
Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis in the cornea arises from CD11b-positive macrophages (2005)

In the inflamed cornea, there is a parallel outgrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels into the normally avascular cornea. We tested whether adaptive and/or innate immune cells were actively involved in the genesis of new lymphatic vessels. Our results indicate that innate immune cells (CD11b+ macrophages, but not CD11c+ dendritic cells) physically contributed to lymphangiogenesis under pathological conditions and that bone marrow-derived CD11b+ macrophages expressed lymphatic endothelial markers such as LYVE-1 and Prox-1 under inflamed conditions in the corneal stromata of mice. Furthermore, blood vascular endothelial cells that expressed the Tie2 promoter did not contribute to newly formed lymphatic vessels under inflamed conditions. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that CD11b+ macrophages alone were capable of forming tube-like structures that expressed markers of lymphatic endothelium such as LYVE-1 and podoplanin. The novel finding that CD11b+ macrophages are critical for the development of inflammation-dependent lymphangiogenesis in the eye suggests a new mechanism of lymphangiogenesis.
How Important Is the Organic Part of Lead Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells? Efficient CsPbBr3 Cells (2015)

Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite photovoltaic cells have already surpassed 20% conversion efficiency in the few years that they have been seriously studied. However, many fundamental questions still remain unanswered as to why they are so good. One of these is "Is the organic cation really necessary to obtain high quality cells?" In this study, we show that an all-inorganic version of the lead bromide perovskite material works equally well as the organic one, in particular generating the high open circuit voltages that are an important feature of these cells.
Iterative methods for inverse treatment planning (1996)

Iterative algorithms used in imaging science are generalized to study inverse treatment planning in radiotherapy. These algorithms consist of iteratively changing trial incident fluence functions which eventually yield a dose distribution consistent with the prescribed distribution. Application of the algorithms is presented for test cases of a circular phantom with cylindrically symmetric dose distributions. A comparison of the iterative beam profiles with previous analytic solutions shows excellent agreement, indicating that iterative techniques are promising to create sophisticated treatment plans. The relationship between the algorithms and several existing inverse treatment planning methods is discussed.
Molecular characterization of human regulatory T cells in health and disease (2007)

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (TReg) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. TReg are involved in the control of autoimmunity, transplantation tolerance and anti-tumor responses. Thus far, genomic studies on TReg were restricted to murine systems, and requirements for their development, maintenance, and mode of action in humans remain poorly defined. To improve molecular characterization of human TReg, a unique customized microarray was compiled, consisting of 350 TReg associated genes. Following validation of the Human TReg Chip, TReg specific gene expression signatures were created from 11 individual healthy donors. Statistical analysis identified 62 genes differentially expressed in TReg versus naïve T cells. Among them, several “old friends” (e.g. FOXP3, CTLA4, CCR7) that are known to participate in TReg function were recovered. Strikingly, the vast majority of genes has not previously been associated with TReg at all (such as LGALS3, TIAF1, TRAF1). Most of these “new players” however, have been described in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and cancer. Real-time RT-PCR of selected transcripts validated the microarray results, while FACS analysis confirmed correlation of gene and protein expression. Activation experiments revealed LGALS3 and TNFRSF1B as new putative human TReg markers. Pathway analysis was applied to extract signaling modules underlying human TReg function. Using the comprehensive set of unravelled genes from healthy donors as a reference, gene expression of TReg was studied in patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As examples for tumor and autoimmune diseases, respectively, complementary dysregulation in the TReg compartment was expected. Apart from numerical aberrations, altered gene expression in patient-derived TReg could be revealed, contributing to functional deficits and thus to disease pathogenesis.
Spatially Restricted Increase in Polysialic Acid Enhances Corticospinal Axon Branching Related to Target Recognition and Innervation (1996)

The polysialic acid (PSA) modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been shown to alter the responses of developing axons to their environment. We have studied the potential role of PSA in regulating the innervation of the spinal cord by corticospinal axons, which occurs by a delayed formation of collateral branches from the parent axons. Developmental changes in the distribution of PSA were examined immuno-histochemically using light and electron microscopy. Whereas NCAM is distributed along the entire pathway of rat corticospinal axons as they grow from the cortex to the spinal cord, PSA-modified NCAM does not become evident until later. When PSA becomes evident, it is restricted to the distal segment of these axons from the caudal hindbrain through the spinal cord. The increase in PSA on corticospinal axons coincides with the time that they begin to form collateral branches in the spinal cord. This unique spatiotemporal distribution of PSA suggests its involvement in corticospinal axon branching. To test this hypothesis, PSA was selectively removed by an in vivo injection of endoneuraminidase N. This treatment did not seem to interfere with the pathfinding of corticospinal axons; however, PSA removal delayed the onset of collateral branching by corticospinal axons within the spinal cord and later diminished the magnitude of branching. These findings indicate a role for PSA in the regulation of interstitial axon branching, a crucial step in the process of target recognition and innervation by corticospinal axons.
Dendritic Anomalies in Disorders Associated with Mental Retardation (2000)

Dendritic abnormalities are the most consistent anatomical correlates of mental retardation (MR). Earliest descriptions included dendritic spine dysgenesis, which was first associated with unclassified MR, but can also be found in genetic syndromes associated with MR. Genetic disorders with well-defined dendritic anomalies involving branches and/or spines include Down, Rett and fragile-X syndromes. Cytoarchitectonic analyses also suggest dendritic pathology in Williams and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes. Dendritic abnormalities appear to have syndrome-specific pathogenesis and evolution, which correlate to some extent with their cognitive profile. The significance of dendritic pathology in synaptic circuitry and the role of animal models in the study of MR-associated dendritic abnormalities are also discussed. Finally, a model of genotype to neurologic phenotype pathway in MR, centered in dendritic abnormalities, is postulated.
Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs (2002)

Results suggest that 25% restriction in food intake increased median life span and delayed the onset of signs of chronic disease in these dogs.
Self‐Organized TiO2 Nanotube Layers as Highly Efficient Photocatalysts (2007)

TiO2 anatase nanotube layers (see image) perform much better in the photocatalytic conversion of organic azo dyes than common photocatalysts. This is important for all self-cleaning applications and for cases where particle separation from the cleaned media is technologically expensive and difficult. Other potential applications of self-organized TiO2 nanotubular structures may arise based on the semiconductive properties of TiO2.