gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal and Reimplantation of the Parietal Cortex of Mice During the First Nine Days of Life: Consequences for the Barrelfield (1989)

Vibrissal follicles on one side of the mouse whiskerpad are topologically connected to barrels in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. Barre's develop from postnatal day 3 to 6. Recently, I have observed that the barrelfields still develop in pieces of parietal cortex that were removed and reimplanted, in the same place and with the original orientation, on the day of birth, or on postnatal days 1 or 3. Now, two questions were asked: (i) Can the barrelfield form and/or remain in place after interrupting thalamocortical connections at different ages (from birth to postnatal day 9)? (ii) How does the cortex behave, in terms of cellular layers, after the interruption of thalamocortical connections? To answer these questions the parietal cortex was removed and reimplanted in the same place with the original orientation, in 79 mice from a C3H strain. Fifty-one mice survived and were processed for histology. Their brains were cut coronally to facilitate the identification of the limits of the reimplanted cortex and of its cellular layering. In 29 cases the reimplanted cortex could be identified, and in 17 cases barrel-like structures had developed. The "barrelfields" were obtained from coronal sections of each piece of reimplanted cortex, by means of a computer program which permitted reconstructing these pieces of cortex and rotating them in space. In this way, barrel-like structures and "barrelfields" could be visualized as if obtained from sections made tangential to the parietal cortex. "Barrelfields" were found in pieces of cortex reimplanted at different ages up to postnatal day 9. Cortical layers appeared to be more close to normal in cases operated after postnatal day 5.
Nucleosides. XL. The Introduction of a 2,3′-Imino Bridge into Pyrimidine Nucleosides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides. XL. The Introduction of a 2,3′-Imino Bridge into Pyrimidine NucleosidesIris L. Doerr and Jack J. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7, 1760–1761Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00983a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00983a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification and Functional Analysis of Human Transcriptional Promoters (2003)

Genomic and full-length cDNA sequences provide opportunities for understanding human gene structure and transcriptional regulatory elements. The simplest regulatory elements to identify are promoters, as their positions are dictated by the location of transcription start sites. We aligned full-length cDNA clones from the Mammalian Gene Collection to the human genome rough draft sequence to estimate the start sites of more than 10,000 human transcripts. We selected genomic sequence just upstream from the 5' end of these cDNA sequences and designated these as putative promoters. We assayed the functions of 152 of these DNA fragments, chosen at random from the entire set, in a luciferase-based transfection assay in four human cultured cell types. Ninety-one percent of these DNA fragments showed significant transcriptional activity in at least one of the cell lines, whereas 89% showed activity in at least two of the lines. We analyzed the distributions of strengths of these promoter fragments in the different cell types and identified likely alternative promoters in a large fraction of the genes. These data indicate that this approach is an effective method for predicting human promoters and provide the first set of functional data collected in parallel for a large set of human promoters.
Noninvasive cuff'less estimation of blood pressure using Photoplethysmography without electrocardiograph measurement (2014)

The paper presents a novel approach of measuring blood pressure using Photoplethysmography (PPG). It is a non-invasive, cuffless and painless technique that deploys infrared light to detect small variation in blood volume in the tissues with each cardiac cycle. Few specific features (viz. systolic upstroke time (ST), diastolic time (DT) and the time delay between the systolic and diastolic peak (T1)) of the waveform obtained via this technique were examined and correlated with the arterial blood pressure in 22 subjects of two age groups i) 18-25 years ii) 26-50 years. It was observed that there is a good correlation of blood pressure (both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) with diastolic time and also with the time delay between systolic and diastolic peak.
Identification of Genotypes of Hepatitis C Virus by Sequence Comparisons in the Core, E1 and NS-5 Regions (1994)

Isolates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) show considerable nucleotide sequence variability throughout the genome. Comparisons of complete genome sequences have been used as the basis of classification of HCV into a number of genotypes that show 67 to 77% sequence similarity. In order to investigate whether sequence relationships between genotypes are equivalent in different regions of the genome, we have carried out formal sequence analysis of variants in the 5' non-coding region (5'NCR) and in the genes encoding the core protein, an envelope protein (E1) and a non-structural protein (NS-5). In the E1 region, variants grouped into a series of six major genotypes and a series of subtypes that could be matched to the phylogenetic groupings previously observed for the NS-5 region. Furthermore, core and E1 sequences showed three non-overlapping ranges of sequence similarity corresponding to those between different genotypes, subtypes and isolates previously described in NS-5. Each major genotype could also be reliably identified by sequence comparisons in the well conserved 5'NCR, although many subtypes, such as 1a/1b, 2a/2c and some of those of type 4, could not be reliably distinguished from each other in this region. These data indicate that subgenomic regions such as E1 and NS-5 contain sufficient phylogenetic information for the identification of each of the 11 or 12 known types and subtypes of HCV. No evidence was found for variants of HCV that had sequences of one genotype in the 5'NCR but of a different one in the E1 or NS-5 region. This suggests that recombination between different HCV types is rare or non-existent and does not currently pose a problem in the use of subgenomic regions in classification.
Symptomatic Infants Have Higher Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Loads but Less Severe Disease Than Older Children (2020)

14-21 days While this was a small study of live virus shedding in COVID-19, numerous studies of other viral infections have shown that live virus shedding is universally much shorter than PCR detection durations
DRIVER HEAD POSE AND VIEW ESTIMATION WITH SINGLE OMNIDIRECTIONAL VIDEO STREAM (2003)

Driver distraction is an important issue in developing new generation of telematic systems. Our research is focused on development of novel machine vision systems, which can provide better understanding of the state of the driver and driving conditions. In this paper we discuss in detail on the development of a system which allows simultaneous capture of the driver&amp;apos;s head pose and driving view. The system utilizes a full 360 degree panoramic field of view using a single video stream. The integrated machine vision system includes modules of perspective transformation, feature extraction, head detection, head pose estimation, and driving view synthesis. The paper presents a multi-state statistical decision models with Kalman filtering based tracking for head pose detection and face orientation estimation. The basic feasibility and robustness of the approach is demonstrated with the help of a series of systematic experimental studies.
Human Sos1: a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Ras that Binds to GRB2 (1993)

A human complementary DNA was isolated that encodes a widely expressed protein, hSos1, that is closely related to Sos, the product of the Drosophila son of sevenless gene. The hSos1 protein contains a region of significant sequence similarity to CDC25, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras from yeast. A fragment of hSos1 encoding the CDC25-related domain complemented loss of CDC25 function in yeast. This hSos1 domain specifically stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange on mammalian Ras proteins in vitro. Mammalian cells overexpressing full-length hSos1 had increased guanine nucleotide exchange activity. Thus hSos1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras. The hSos1 interacted with growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) in vivo and in vitro. This interaction was mediated by the carboxyl-terminal domain of hSos1 and the Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of GRB2. These results suggest that the coupling of receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras signaling is mediated by a molecular complex consisting of GRB2 and hSos1.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Antagonizes Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-.BETA.1-Induced Collagen Lattice Contraction by Human Skin Fibroblasts. (2000)

Wound contraction plays an important role in healing, but in extreme conditions, it may lead to excessive scar formation and pathological wound contracture. To date, the key regulator of excessive contracture is known to be transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1). In this study, we have evaluated epidermal growth factor (EGF) antagonism in fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) gel contraction, which has been generally used as an in vitro model thought to mimic wound contraction in vivo. As expected, TGF-beta1 treatment enhanced normal fibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, EGF did not affect normal gel formation, but significantly antagonized TGF-beta1-induced gel formation (p<0.05 at 100 ng/ml), whereas the other growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), did not altered either normal or TGF-beta1-induced gel contractions. Similarly, EGF treatment, but not PDGF, also significantly suppressed TGF-beta1 release that was autologously elicited by TGF-beta1 treatment (p<0.01 at 100 ng/ml). Therefore, the results suggest that EGF may negatively regulate the role of TGF-beta1 through attenuating autologous release of TGF-beta1.
Monoclonal antibodies: what are the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for drug development? (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies have complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics that are dependent on several factors. Therefore, it is important to improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of monoclonal antibodies from a basic research standpoint. It is also equally important to apply mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models to interpret the experimental results and facilitate efforts to predict the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies.
Improved High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Serum 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-Hydroxyergocalciferol After Reverse-Phase Sep-Pak C18Cartridge Preparation of Sample (1981)

Abstract A simplified method is described for extracting and purifying 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol from serum for quantitation by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The method involves extracting and purifying these metabolites from serum (1–10 ml) with a reverse-phase octadecylsilane bonded silica cartridge (Sep-Pak C18). This method is faster than a previously described method involving extraction with dichloromethane and purification by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. The correlation between the two methods was excellent (r2 = 0.96, p≤0.0001). The coefficient of variation for the new method is 4.3%. The new method allows measurement of 25-hydroxyergocalciferol from human serum since both 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol are extracted equally. This allows the use of [3H] 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to monitor the recovery of both the D2 and the D3 forms of the metabolite.
Defect reduction in (1120) a-plane gallium nitride via lateral epitaxial overgrowth by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (2003)

This letter reports on the reduction in extended-defect densities in a-plane (112̄0) GaN films achieved via lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) by hydride vapor phase-epitaxy. A variety of dielectric mask patterns was used to produce 8–125-μm-thick, fully coalesced nonpolar GaN films. The nanometer-scale pit densities in the overgrown regions were less than 3×106 cm−2 compared to ∼1010 cm−2 in the direct-growth a-plane GaN. Cathodoluminescence revealed a fourfold increase in luminous intensity in the overgrown material compared to the window material. X-ray rocking curves indicate the films were free of wing tilt within the sensitivity of the measurements. Whereas non-LEO a-plane GaN exhibits basal plane stacking fault and threading dislocation densities of 105 cm−1 and 109 cm−2, respectively, the overgrown LEO material was essentially free of extended defects. The basal plane stacking fault and threading dislocation densities in the wing regions were below the detection limits of ∼5×106 cm−2 and 3×103 cm−1, respectively.
Chromosome 19 Translocation, Overexpression of Notch3, and Human Lung Cancer (2000)

Somatically acquired chromosometranslocations are the major mechanismfor gene activation in hematologic ma-lignancies, but they have not been de-scribed previously in the more commonepithelial tumors, such as lung cancers.Furthermore, lung carcinomas often ex-hibit complex karyotypes, and this com-plexity has been assumed to imply a lackof specificity. Indeed, chromosomal de-letions associated with mutations in tu-mor suppressor genes, or gene amplifi-cations of dominant oncogenes, arewell-known genetic abnormalities inthese tumors
Analysis of EGFR overexpression, EGFR gene amplification and the EGFRvIII mutation in Portuguese high-grade gliomas. (2008)

We characterized, for the first time, EGFR molecular alterations in Portuguese patients with malignant glioma and identified a subpopulation of patients presenting putative biomarkers for EGFR-based therapies.
Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability (1987)

Central concerns of the book are related theories of recursively enumerable sets, of degree of un-solvability and turing degrees in particular. A second group of topics has to do with generalizations of recursion theory. The third topics group mentioned is subrecursive computability and subrecursive hierarchies
Formation and characterization of silicon nanoparticles-threads, tubules and possibly silicon fullerene-like structures (1995)

We report the formation of nanoparticles of silicon (thread-like nanostructures of diameter approximately=2 nm and length a few microns, as if nanocrystals are linked together along curly tubules), the occurrence of a tubule-like configuration, whiskers and a new phase with large periodicity, a=14.25 AA, f.c.c. silicon, when evaporated under helium ambience (100 Torr) and characterized through transmission electron microscopic techniques, revealed several curious characteristics as mentioned above. We have suggested the possibility of a new phase with a=14.25 AA for the f.c.c. lattice, being formed by an assembly of Si28 clusters. The geometrically calculated lattice parameter of the f.c.c. lattice resulting from an assembly of Si28 clusters is in reasonable agreement with the observed lattice parameter.
Nickel(II) Bis(d-campholyl-l-campholylmethanate) (1996)

The title compound, bis{1-[(+)-(1R,3S)-1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopentyl]-3-[(-)-(1S,3R)- 1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopentyl]propane-1,3-dionato-O,O'}nickel(II), [Ni(C21H35O2)2], displays interesting stereochemical aspects due to the meso configuration of the 1,3-bis(1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopentyl)-1,3-propanedionate ligands. The Ni atom lies on an inversion center, with Ni—O distances of 1.842 (2) and 1.826 (2) Å.
Peptide Environment of the Peptidyl Transferase Center from Escherichia coli 70 S Ribosomes as Determined by Thermoaffinity Labeling with Dihydrospiramycin (1995)

In an attempt to gain information about the peptidyl transferase center at the peptide level we cross-linked the spiramycin derivative dihydrospiramycin to its functional binding site in the 70 S ribosome of Escherichia coli. In this manner ribosomal proteins S12, S14, L17, L18, L27 and L35 were found specifically affinity-labeled. Proteolytic fragmentation of these proteins, separation by C18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of the peptide mixtures, and subsequent sequence analysis of labeled peptides revealed peptide regions at positions Ala1-Lys9 and Tyr116-Lys119 of S12, Leu47-Asp53 of protein S14, Ser6-Lys35 of protein L17, Ala57-Lys63 of protein L18, Ala5-Lys18 and Val66-Lys71 of protein L27, and Thr5-Lys11 of protein L35. This approach is a valuable tool to characterize the binding site of spiramycin as well as the peptidyl transferase center at the molecular level.
Supramolecular Protein Engineering (2010)

Bottom-up control of supramolecular protein assembly can provide a therapeutic nanobiotechnology. We demonstrate that the pharmacological properties of insulin can be enhanced by design of "zinc staples" between hexamers. Paired (i, i+4) His substitutions were introduced at an alpha-helical surface. The crystal structure contains both classical axial zinc ions and novel zinc ions at hexamer-hexamer interfaces. Although soluble at pH 4, the combined electrostatic effects of the substitutions and bridging zinc ions cause isoelectric precipitation at neutral pH. Following subcutaneous injection in a diabetic rat, the analog effected glycemic control with a time course similar to that of long acting formulation Lantus. Relative to Lantus, however, the analog discriminates at least 30-fold more stringently between the insulin receptor and mitogenic insulin-like growth factor receptor. Because aberrant mitogenic signaling may be associated with elevated cancer risk, such enhanced specificity may improve safety. Zinc stapling provides a general strategy to modify the pharmacokinetic and biological properties of a subcutaneous protein depot.
Reversal of the toxic effects of cachectin by concurrent insulin administration (1989)

Rats treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-cachectin, 100 micrograms/kg ip twice daily for 5 consecutive days, had a 56% decrease in food intake, a 54% decrease in nitrogen balance, and a 23-g decrease in body weight gain vs. saline-treated controls. Concurrent neutral protamine hagedorn insulin administration of 2 U/100 g sc twice daily reversed all of these changes to control levels without causing any treatment deaths. The improvement seen with insulin was dose independent. Five days of cachectin treatment caused a severe interstitial pneumonitis, periportal inflammation in the liver, and an increase in wet organ weight in the heart, lungs, kidney, and spleen. Concurrent insulin treatment led to near total reversal of these histopathologic changes. Cachectin treatment did not significantly change blood glucose levels from control values of 130-140 mg/dl, but insulin plus cachectin caused a significant decrease in blood glucose from 1 through 12 h after injection. Administration of high-dose insulin can near totally reverse the nutritional and histopathologic toxicity of sublethal doses of cachectin in rats.
Effect of a Broad-Specificity Chemokine-Binding Protein on Brain Leukocyte Infiltration and Infarct Development (2014)

Post-stroke administration of CBP can reduce plasma chemokine levels in association with temporary atten uation of brain inflammation and infarct volume development.
The use of commercial CCD cameras as linear detectors in the physics undergraduate teaching laboratory (1998)

A commercial charge-coupled device TV camera has been combined with a computer video digitizer to provide an inexpensive linear two-dimensional optical detector that can be used to collect spectral and spatial information. The equipment is capable of storing an image of pixels, with eight-bit precision. Software has been developed to process and display the data. The system has been used in a first-year physics laboratory to make quantitative measurements of position and intensity of Fraunhofer diffraction patterns and to record optical emission spectra.
Dihydrocolchicine 8,12‐Endoperoxide: A Novel Starting Material for Convenient Syntheses of the Allocolchicinoids N‐Acetylcolchinol O‐Methyl Ether and Androbiphenyline (1997)

Abstract Optically pure dihydrocolchicine‐8,12‐endoperoxide 2 is used as the starting material for the synthesis of some bioactive allocolchicinoids. Depending on the reaction conditions and reagents employed, different modifications of the C ring of colchicine ( 1 ) are achieved. Triphenylphosphane deoxygenation of 2 leads to the well known N ‐acetylcolchinol O ‐methyl ether (NCME, 6 , 40% yield from 1 ). Treatment of the endoperoxide 2 with CH 3 OH/CH 2 Cl 2 /silica gel provides the plant alkaloid androbiphenyline ( 11 ) in a yield of 60% from 1 . Triethylamine‐catalysed transformation of 2 yields (−)‐colchicine‐8,12‐dione ( 12 ) (17% yield), together with a mixture of interconverting tetracyclic hemiketals 8a and 8b . For the formation of the allo colchicinoids 6 and 11 plausible reaction pathways are suggested. In contrast to what is found in the literature, the assignment of the absolute configuration of natural (−)‐colchicine ( 1 ), and the allo‐congeners 6 and 11 , should be ( M ,7 S ) or (a R ,7 S ) instead of (a S ,7 S ).