gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T cell receptor repertoire for a viral epitope in humans is diversified by tolerance to a background major histocompatibility complex antigen. (1995)

Two unusual characteristics of the memory response to the immunodominant Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) epitope FLRGRAYGL, which associates with HLA B8, have provided an unique opportunity to investigate self tolerance and T cell receptor (TCR) plasticity in humans. First, the response is exceptionally restricted, dominated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with identical TCR protein sequences (Argaet, V. P., C. W. Schmidt, S. R. Burrows, S. L. Silins, M. G. Kurilla, D. L. Doolan, A. Suhrbier, D. J. Moss, E. Kieff, T. B. Sculley, and I. S. Misko. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 180:2335-2340). Second, CTL expressing this receptor are cross-reactive with the alloantigen HLA B* 4402 on uninfected cells (Burrows, S. R., R. Khanna, J. M. Burrows, and D. J. Moss. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 179:1155-1161). No CTL using this conserved public TCR could be reactivated from the peripheral blood of EBV exposed individuals expressing both HLA B8 and B*4402, demonstrating the clonal inactivation of potentially self-reactive T cells in humans. A significant FLRGRAYGL-specific response was still apparent, however, and TCR sequence analysis of multiple CTL clones revealed an oligoclonal TCR repertoire for this determinant within these individuals, using diverse V and J gene segments and CDR3 regions. In addition, a significant public TCR component was identified in which several distinct alpha/beta rearrangements are shared by CTL clones from a number of unrelated HLA B8+, B*4402+ donors. The striking dominance of public TCR in the response to this EBV epitope suggests a strong genetic bias in TCR gene recombination. Fine specificity analysis using peptide analogues showed that, of six different antigen receptors for FLRGRAYGL/HLA B8, none associate closely with the peptide's full array of potential TCR contact residues. Whereas the HLA B*4402-cross-reactive receptor binds amino acids toward the COOH terminus of the peptide, others preferentially favor an NH2-terminal determinant, presumably evading an area that mimics a structure presented on HLA B*4402. Thus, tolerance to a background major histocompatibility antigen can effectively diversify the TCR repertoire for a foreign epitope by deflecting the response away from an immunodominant combination of TCR-binding residues.
Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering (2003)

This paper reviews biodegradable synthetic polymers focusing on their potential in tissue engineering applications. The major classes of polymers are briefly discussed with regard to synthesis, properties and biodegradability, and known degradation modes and products are indicated based on studies reported in the literature. A vast majority of biodegradable polymers studied belongs to the polyester family, which includes polyglycolides and polylactides. Some disadvantages of these polymers in tissue engineering applications are their poor biocompatibility, release of acidic degradation products, poor processability and loss of mechanical properties very early during degradation. Other degradable polymers such as polyorthoesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, and polyurethanes are also discussed and their advantages and disadvantages summarised. With advancements in tissue engineering it has become necessary to develop polymers that meet more demanding requirements. Recent work has focused on developing injectable polymer compositions based on poly (propylene fumarate) and poly (anhydrides) to meet these requirements in orthopaedic tissue engineering. Polyurethanes have received recent attention for development of degradable polymers because of their great potential in tailoring polymer structure to achieve mechanical properties and biodegradability to suit a variety of applications.
Focused ion beam technology and applications (1987)

Ions of kiloelectron volt energies incident on a solid surface produce a number of effects: several atoms are sputtered off, several electrons are emitted, chemical reactions may be induced, atoms are displaced from their equilibrium positions, and ions implant themselves in the solid, altering its properties. Some of these effects, such as sputtering and implantation are widely used in semiconductor device fabrication and in other fields. Thus the capability to focus a beam of ions to submicrometer dimensions, i.e., dimensions compatible with the most demanding fabrication procedures, is an important development. The focused ion beam field has been spurred by the invention of the liquid metal ion source and by the utilization of focusing columns with mass separation capability. This has led to the use of alloy ion sources making available a large menu of ion species, in particular the dopants of Si and GaAs. The ability to sputter and to also induce deposition by causing breakdown of an adsorbed film has produced an immediate application of focused ion beams to photomask repair. The total number of focused ion beam fabrication systems in use worldwide is about 35, about 25 of them in Japan. In addition, there are many more simpler focused ion beam columns for specialized uses. The interest is growing rapidly. The following range of specifications of these systems has been reported: accelerating potential 3 to 200 kV, ion current density in focal spot up to 10 A/cm2, beam diameters from 0.05 to 1 μm, deflection accuracy of the beam over the surface ±0.1 μm, and ion species available Ga, Au, Si, Be, B, As, P, etc. Some of the applications which have been demonstrated or suggested include: mask repair, lithography (to replace electron beam lithography), direct, patterned, implantation doping of semiconductors, ion induced deposition for circuit repair or rewiring, scanning ion microscopy, and scanning ion mass spectroscopy.
Prolongation of discordant renal xenograft survival by depletion of complement. Comparative effects of systemically administered cobra venom factor and soluble complement receptor type 1 in a guinea-pig to rat model (1994)

There is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that inhibition of complement activation may be a valuable approach to avert hyperacute rejection. In our study, the guinea-pig to rat discordant kidney xenograft model was adapted for the investigation of renal transplant function and an attempt was made to delay the hyperacute rejection using systemically administered cobra venom factor (CVF) and soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1). The saline-treated control recipients experienced a rapid transplant rejection with a xenograft survival averaging 10.5 +/- 2.1 min. Administration of a single 60 U/kg i.v. bolus of CVF significantly prolonged renal graft survival to 20.4 +/- 2.5 h, and by a single bolus of sCR1 (50 mg/kg) a prolongation of graft survival to 18.8 +/- 2.3 h was achieved. The grafts functioned only over periods of 2.5 +/- 0.3 and 2.3 +/- 0.2 h, respectively. No complications of sCR1 were noted. We concluded that complement inhibition by sCR1 may be an important component in the therapeutic approach aiming at the prevention of hyperacute rejection in human organ transplantation.
Multigene amplification and massively parallel sequencing for cancer mutation discovery (2007)

We have developed a procedure for massively parallel resequencing of multiple human genes by combining a highly multiplexed and target-specific amplification process with a high-throughput parallel sequencing technology. The amplification process is based on oligonucleotide constructs, called selectors, that guide the circularization of specific DNA target regions. Subsequently, the circularized target sequences are amplified in multiplex and analyzed by using a highly parallel sequencing-by-synthesis technology. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate parallel resequencing of 10 cancer genes covering 177 exons with average sequence coverage per sample of 93%. Seven cancer cell lines and one normal genomic DNA sample were studied with multiple mutations and polymorphisms identified among the 10 genes. Mutations and polymorphisms in the TP53 gene were confirmed by traditional sequencing.
Controllable Self‐Assembly of RNA Tetrahedrons with Precise Shape and Size for Cancer Targeting (2016)

RNA tetrahedral nanoparticles with two different sizes are successfully assembled by a one-pot bottom-up approach with high efficiency and thermal stability. The reported design principles can be extended to construct higher-order polyhedral RNA architectures for various applications such as targeted cancer imaging and therapy.
Monoclonal antibodies to rat Na+,K+-ATPase block enzymatic activity. (1983)

A panel of nine mouse monoclonal antibodies has been prepared against purified preparations of rat kidney Na+,K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3). Selection for specific antibody was based upon the ability of crude hybridoma fluids to inhibit Na+-ATPase activity (using luciferase-linked ATPase assays) and upon antibody binding to both the purified kidney membrane enzyme and to glutaraldehyde-fixed hepatocytes by using standard enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays. After immunoaffinity purification, two of the antibodies (both of the IgG1 subclass) fully inhibit kidney and liver membrane Na+,K+-ATPase activity with Ki (apparent) values of 30 nM ("9-A5") and 600 nM ("9-B1"). Immunoblots demonstrate directly that three different 125I-labeled antibodies (6-4, 9-A5, and 9-B1) bind predominantly to a 94,000 Mr protein that comigrates in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels with the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled alpha subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with these antibodies on paraformaldehyde-fixed liver slices reveal staining patterns congruent with bile canalicular membrane domains. These results together suggest that the antibodies exert inhibitory effects by recognizing alpha subunits of both liver and kidney Na+ pumps in their native conformations.
Phonological representations and repetition priming (1999)

In the information society of the next millenium, information retrieval over the Internet will be indispensable for everyday life, and spoken language will be an essential medium for human-machine dialogue. This paper presents an overview of an intelligent system for information retrieval based on spoken dialogue, use of key concepts, processing of unknown words, knowledge acquisition, and agent technology. Three agents are introduced to be respectively responsible for user interface, information retrieval, and information acquisition. Dialogue management through user and system modeling, implementation of information retrieval through key concepts, and inference on concepts of unknown words based on syntactic and semantic analyses of their structures, are then briefly described as the innovative features of the system.
Epidural needle with embedded optical fibers for spectroscopic differentiation of tissue: ex vivo feasibility study (2011)

Epidural injection is commonly used to provide intraoperative anesthesia, postoperative and obstetric analgesia, and to treat acute radicular pain. Identification of the epidural space is typically carried out using the loss of resistance (LOR) technique, but the usefulness of this technique is limited by false LOR and the inability to reliably detect intravascular or subarachnoid needle placement. In this study, we present a novel epidural needle that allows for the acquisition of optical reflectance spectra from tissue close to the beveled surface. This needle has optical fibers embedded in the cannula that deliver and receive light. With two spectrometers, light received from tissue is resolved across the wavelength range of 500 to 1600 nm. To determine the feasibility of optical tissue differentiation, spectra were acquired from porcine tissues during a post mortem laminectomy. The spectra were processed with an algorithm that derives estimates of the hemoglobin and lipid concentrations. The results of this study suggest that the optical epidural needle has the potential to improve the accuracy of epidural space identification.
Advances in Non-Metallocene Olefin Polymerization Catalysis (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAdvances in Non-Metallocene Olefin Polymerization CatalysisVernon C. Gibson and Stefan K. SpitzmesserView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 1, 283–316Publication Date (Web):December 17, 2002Publication History Received16 July 2002Published online17 December 2002Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980461rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980461rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11352Altmetric-Citations2365LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethylene polymerization,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Androgen Receptor Mutations in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9663 (2003)

These data suggest that AR mutations are present in approximately 10% of patients with prostate cancer who experience treatment failure with hormone therapy that included an antiandrogen. Mutations in the AR likely confer a growth advantage for a subset of progressive prostate cancers. Correlation of AR mutation with antiandrogen withdrawal response or survival could not be made.
C-Reactive Protein–Mediated Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake by Macrophages (2001)

We conclude that foam cell formation in human atherogenesis may be caused in part by uptake of CRP-opsonized native LDL.
Deterministic texture analysis and synthesis using tree structure vector quantization (2003)

Texture analysis and synthesis is very important for computer graphics, vision, and image processing. This paper describes an algorithm which can produce new textures with a matching visual appearance from a given example image. Our algorithm is based on a model that characterizes textures using a nonlinear deterministic function. During analysis, an example texture is summarized into this function using tree structure vector quantization. An output texture, initially random noise, is then synthesized from this estimated function. Compared to existing approaches, our algorithm can efficiently generate a wide variety of textures. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated using standard test images from the Brodatz texture album.
Increased density of Demodex folliculorum and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea (2001)

Although Demodex mites do not seem to be the cause of rosacea, they may represent an important cofactor, especially in papulopustular rosacea. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, possibly triggered by antigens of follicular origin, probably related to D. folliculorum, may occur, stimulating progression of the affection to the papulopustular stage.
Characterization of HLA DR3/DQ2 transgenic mice: a potential humanized animal model for autoimmune disease studies (2002)

Linkage studies indicate close associations of certain HLA alleles with autoimmune diseases. To better understand how specific HLA alleles are related to disease pathogenesis, we have generated an HLA DR3/DQ2 transgenic mouse utilizing a 550-kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) construct containing the complete DRalpha, DRbeta1, DRbeta3, DQalpha, and DQbeta regions. The transgenic mouse (4D1/C2D) in an I-Abeta(o) background appears healthy with no signs of autoimmune diseases. Lymphoid tissues as well as CD4(+) T cells develop normally. Characterization of the transgene expression demonstrates that approximately 90% of B cells express high levels of DR3 and 50-70% of B cells express DQ2. CD11c(+) dendritic cells express high levels of DR and DQ. Approximately 12-18% of resting T cells are positive for DR expression, and further up-regulation to 40-50% expression is seen upon activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAb. These results suggest that the transgenic construct confers a high fidelity to the normal human temporal and spatial expression profile. Analysis of T cell receptor repertoire in transgenic mice confirms that DR3/DQ2 are able to mediate thymic selection. Furthermore, transgenic mice respond to a DR3-restricted antigen, demonstrating antigen processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Purified T cells from ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized 4D1 mice respond to human APC co-cultured with OVA, suggesting appropriate antigen/DR3 or DQ2 recognition by murine T cells. Immunoglobulin isotype switching is also observed, indicating functional T-B cognate interactions. Thus, the DR3/DQ2 transgenic mouse has normal lymphoid development and functionality that are mediated by HLA transgenes and can be used to investigate HLA-associated immunological questions.
745. Reserpine analogues: synthesis of β-carboline derivatives (1963)

A. M. Ahsan and W. H. Linnell, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3928 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630003928
Oxygen Sensing by H+: Implications for HIF and Hypoxic Cell Memory (2004)

Hypoxia and acidosis are common features of several physiological and pathological situations, including cancer and stroke. The HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factor plays a seminal role in orchestrating cellular responses to alterations in oxygen availability. HIF is degraded in normal oxygen tension by the VHL (von Hippel-Lindau) tumor suppressor protein but stabilized by hypoxia to activate an array of genes implicated in oxygen homeostasis including vascular endothelial growth factor. Cells respond to a comparatively mild decline in oxygen tension by converting to an anaerobic state of respiration and secreting lactic acid. We recently reported that a decrease in environmental pH triggers sequestration of VHL into the nucleolus neutralizing its ability to degrade HIF. This implies that cells have evolved a parallel mechanism of HIF activation that responds to changes in oxygen levels by sensing extracellular [H+]. Here we discuss the implications of this new VHL regulatory mechanism on oxygen homeostasis and hypoxic cell memory.
Memantine combined with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor ? hope for the future? (2006)

The available data do not justify the use of combination therapy. Future studies should include three arms (memantine-placebo, placebo-ChEI, and memantine-ChEI), be of an adequate size and duration, and use pragmatic measures. Clinicians should have full access to data from any future trials.
Tuning Up the Old Brain with New Tricks: Attention Training via Neurofeedback (2017)

Neurofeedback (NF) is a form of biofeedback that uses real-time (RT) modulation of brain activity to enhance brain function and behavioral performance. Recent advances in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) and cognitive training (CT) have provided new tools and evidence that NF improves cognitive functions, such as attention and working memory (WM), beyond what is provided by traditional CT. More published studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NF, particularly for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In contrast, there have been fewer studies done in older adults with or without cognitive impairment, with some notable exceptions. The focus of this review is to summarize current success in RT NF training of older brains aiming to match those of younger brains during attention/WM tasks. We also outline potential future advances in RT brainwave-based NF for improving attention training in older populations. The rapid growth in wireless recording of brain activity, machine learning classification and brain network analysis provides new tools for combating cognitive decline and brain aging in older adults. We optimistically conclude that NF, combined with new neuro-markers (event-related potentials and connectivity) and traditional features, promises to provide new hope for brain and CT in the growing older population.
Enhancing the Quality Function Deployment Conceptual Design Tool (2007)

The quality function deployment (QFD) conceptual design tool has been of significant benefit to customer satisfaction, while reducing the associated design time and cost. Observation of novice designers in tertiary engineering design courses identified a range of impediments to the robust transfer of QFD capabilities to the novice designers. These impediments appear to limit the perceived merit of QFD in novice designers and stymie its subsequent practical application. Given the improved design outcomes associated with QFD, a series of enhancements has been developed to overcome these impediments and assist the robust transfer of QFD capabilities to novice designers. The traditional QFD tool does not engage with customer requirements that constrain the feasibility of a design solution. This limitation restricts the applicability of QFD as an overarching design reference because an additional repository is required to document design constraints and may result in confusion in novice designers and flawed design outcomes if design constraints are used. A novel differential assessment method has been developed to overcome this limitation by enabling the inclusion of design constraints. The outcomes of this paper contribute to design education by facilitating the robust transfer of QFD capabilities and providing novel enhancements that expand the useful outcomes associated with QFD.
Identification, isolation, and characterization of the structural gene encoding the delta' subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (1993)

The gene encoding the delta' subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, designated holB, was cloned by a strategy in which peptide sequence was used to derive a DNA hybridization probe. The gene maps to 24.95 centisomes of the chromosome. Sequencing of holB revealed a 1,002-bp open reading frame predicted to produce a 36,936-Da protein. The gene has a ribosome-binding site and promoter that are highly similar to the consensus sequences and is flanked by two potential open reading frames. Protein sequence analysis of delta' revealed a high degree of similarity to the dnaX gene products of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, including one stretch of 10 identical amino acid residues. A lesser degree of similarity to the gene 44 protein of bacteriophage T4 and the 40-kDa protein of the A1 complex (replication factor C) of HeLa cells was seen. The gene, when placed into a tac promoter-based expression plasmid, directed expression of two proteins of similar size. By immunodetection with anti-holoenzyme immunoglobulin G, both proteins are judged to be products of holB.