gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases in Stat1α-mediated Cell Signaling (1995)

Different Stat proteins are activated through phosphorylation of unique tyrosine residues in response to different cytokines and growth factors. Interferon-gamma activates Stat1 molecules that form homodimers and bind cognate DNA elements. Here we show that treatment of permeabilized cells with 200-500 microM peroxo-derivatives of vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten results in the accumulation of constitutively phosphorylated Stat1 alpha molecules. In contrast, treatment of permeabilized cells with orthovanadate, vanadyl sulfate, molybdate, and tungstate at the same range of concentrations does not result in the accumulation of activated Stat1 alpha molecules in the absence of ligand. However, these compounds inhibit the inactivation of interferon-gamma-induced DNA-binding activity of Stat1 alpha. A 4-6-h exposure of the permeabilized cells to orthovanadate, molybdate, and tungstate, but not vanadyl sulfate, results in a ligand-independent activation of Stat1 alpha, which is blocked by the inhibition or depletion of NADPH oxidase activity in the cells, indicating that NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide formation is required for the bioconversion of these metal oxides to the corresponding peroxo-compounds. Interestingly, ligand-independent Stat1 alpha activation by peroxo-derivatives of these transition metals does not require Jak1, Jak2, or Tyk2 kinase activity, suggesting that other kinases can phosphorylate Stat1 alpha on tyrosine 701.
Synthesis and processing of the Marek's disease herpesvirus B antigen glycoprotein complex (1988)

The Marek's disease herpesvirus B antigen (MDHV-B) complex was previously immunologically identified and molecularly characterized as a set of three glycoproteins designated gp100, gp60, and gp49 on the basis of apparent molecular weight and immunoprecipitation with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitation analysis, previously with polyclonal and more recently with monoclonal antibodies, of infected cell lysates labeled with [35S]methionine in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, revealed two putative precursor molecules of 88,000 daltons (pr88) and 44,000 daltons (pr44). High-resolution pulse-chase studies revealed that gp100 was a glycosylated intermediate which was processed to yield gp60 and gp49. This cleavage was inhibited by monensin, an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases F and H (endo-F, endo-H) reduced gp100 to pr88, indicating that the latter is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway. These same enzymes reduced gp49, and to a lesser extent gp60, to pr44, suggesting that pr44 is their polypeptide backbone. Significant support for this concept is the fact that the same monoclonal antibody recognized all three molecules, gp60, gp49, and pr44. In the presence of monensin, terminal addition of complex sugars was also prevented, since gp60 was replaced by a slightly faster migrating component which was insensitive to both endo-F and endo-H. Cell-free translation of infected-cell mRNA, followed by immunoprecipitation analysis with either polyclonal or monoclonal antibody, resulted in detection of a putative unglycosylated precursor polypeptide of 44,000 daltons. Since pr88 was not the initial precursor polypeptide of the MDHV-B complex, its existence may have resulted from dimerization of pr44. Again, detection of both pr88 and pr44 with the same monoclonal antibody is consistent with this interpretation. These collective data obtained from the cell-free and in vivo studies with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies reactive with MDHV-B are consistent with the concept that pr44, the initial gene product, dimerizes to form pr88 and demonstrate that pr88 is actually a processing intermediate glycosylated to gp100, another processing intermediate, which is then processed to gp60 and gp49.
Targeted Immunotherapy: An Update with Special Emphasis on Ovarian Cancer (1993)

An overview of antibody-guided immunotherapy for neoplasia is presented. The diversity of the antibody molecule is highlighted, through the many sophisticated strategies proposed and employed, to overcome a number of problems impeding successful targeting. An update of radioimmunotherapy of ovarian cancer is presented and the exciting concepts that are introduced to the field of targeted cancer therapy by molecular biology and genetic engineering are addressed.
Effect of dronedarone on renal function in healthy subjects (2007)

Dronedarone reduces renal creatinine and NMN clearance by about 18%, without evidence of an effect on GFR, renal plasma flow or electrolyte exchanges. This suggests a specific partial inhibition of tubular organic cation transporters (OCT). A limited increase in serum creatinine is therefore expected with dronedarone treatment, but does not mean there is a decline in renal function.
Rod Outer Segment Retinol Dehydrogenase: Substrate Specificity and Role in Phototransduction (1994)

The reaction catalyzed by all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase of rod outer segments completes the quenching of photoactivated rhodopsin and initiates the cycle of reactions leading to regeneration of visual pigment. The goal of this study was to determine the kinetic parameters of the dehydrogenase at physiological levels of bleaching, to investigate its specificity, and to determine its possible role in modulating phototransduction. Reduction of all-trans-retinal could be measured after bleaching < 0.15% rhodopsin. Kinetic parameters for the forward reaction determined with endogenous all-trans-retinal were Km = 1.1 microM; Vmax = 7 nmol/min/mg rhodopsin. The low enzymatic activity suggests that at high bleach rates, all-trans-retinal could accumulate, increasing the steady state level of bleaching intermediates or promoting formation of pseudophotoproducts. Active pseudophotoproducts, which stimulate Gt activation and opsin phosphorylation by rhodopsin kinase, are formed with opsin and all-trans-retinal as well as retinal analogues lacking the 13 methyl or the terminal two carbons of the polyene chain. Addition of all-trans-retinol, NADP, and [32P]ATP to rod outer segments increased rhodopsin phosphorylation. Kinetic parameters for the reverse reaction determined with exogenous all-trans-retinol were Km = 10 microM; Vmax = 11 nmol/min/mg rhodopsin. Our results support the hypothesis that all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase could influence the phototransduction cascade, including activities of Gt, rhodopsin kinase, and binding of arrestin, by impeding the recycling of rhodopsin at high bleach levels.
32 � 32 pH Image Sensors for Real Time Observation of Biochemical Phenomena (2007)

32 x 32 pH image sensors were successfully fabricated by using the CCD/CMOS image sensor technique, and real time imaging of a chemical reaction and pH distribution was carried out for the first time. The pH variations by a chemical reaction are observed by 200 ms step (i.e. 5 flames per sec). The pH image sensor was able to take a pH image of mouse stomach successfully. It means that the novel image sensor can be applied to a biomedical and biochemical field.
Inferior vena caval filters: analysis of five currently available devices. (1991)

Inferior vena caval filters: analysis of five currently available devices.C J GrassiAudio Available | Share
Microsatellite Instability in Yeast: Dependence on the Length of the Microsatellite (1997)

One of the most common microsatellites in eukaryotes consists of tandem arrays [usually 15-50 base pairs (bp) in length] of the dinucleotide GT. We examined the rates of instability for poly GT tracts of 15, 33, 51, 99 and 105 bp in wild-type and mismatch repair-deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Rates of instability increased more than two orders of magnitude as tracts increased in size from 15 to 99 bp in both wild-type and msh2 strains. The types of alterations observed in long and short tracts in wild-type strains were different in two ways. First, tracts > or = 51 bp had significantly more large deletions than tracts < or = 33 bp. Second, for the 99- and 105-bp tracts, almost all events involving single repeats were additions; for the smaller tracts, both additions and deletions of single repeats were common.
Arabidopsis and Nicotiana Anthocyanin Production Activated by Maize Regulators R and C1 (1992)

Anthocyanin pathway-specific transcriptional activators R and C1 from the monocot maize were expressed in two dicots, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Expression of R caused augmented anthocyanin pigmentation in both plant species and augmented trichome (hair) production in Arabidopsis. Alone, C1 had no effect. Hybrid transgenic Arabidopsis expressing both C1 and R produced anthocyanins in root, petal, and stamen tissues that normally never express anthrocyanins. When R was expressed in the transparent testa glabrous (without anthocyanins and trichomes) mutant of Arabidopsis, the deficiency was complemented and both anthocyanins and trichomes were restored.
Beneficial effect of novel proteasome inhibitors in murine lupus via dual inhibition of type I interferon and autoantibody‐secreting cells (2011)

Inhibition of the immunoproteasome is equally efficacious as dual targeting agents in preventing lupus disease progression by targeting 2 critical pathways in disease pathogenesis, type I IFN activation and autoantibody production by plasma cells.
Tetrapyrroles: the pigments of life (2000)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
The Anterior Cruciate: A Dilemma in Sports Medicine (1982)

This study presents an extensive review of the literature concerning the natural history, diagnosis and treatment of anterior cruciate (AC) injury. This ligament is the most frequently disrupted ligament in the human knee, yet wide disagreement exists concerning the effects of its rupture and the appropriate means of treatment. Diagnosis of AC sprain is difficult, however the appropriate use of the Lachman and pivot shift tests can improve accuracy markedly. The Lachman test has several advantages over the standard drawer test: 1) the knee is examined in 10--20 degrees of flexion (a comfortable position for the injured knee); 2) it minimizes the blocking effect of the hamstring muscles on the anterior drawer motion; 3) minimized the blocking effect of the posterior horns of the menisci; 4) eliminates confusion with rotary instability. The pivot shift test demonstrates the clinical effects of loss of anterior cruciate function, but does not correspond to anterolateral rotary instability which, unfortunately, it has been named. The wide variety of treatment of acute total disruption suggested numerous authors reveals the lack of a single satisfactory way to successfully obtain excellent results. A survey of 56 North American knee surgeons concerning their treatment of "isolated" tears of the AC ligament in young vigorous athletes revealed that 30.3% would treat nonoperatively, 62.5% would repair the ligament with or without a graft and 7.2% would ignore the ligament but replace it with a graft or do a capsular reconstruction.
Remote patient monitoring service through World-Wide Web (2002)

Presents a real-time remote patient monitoring service through the World Wide Web (WWW), which allows physicians to monitor their patients in remote sites using popular Web browsers. The real-time patient monitoring consists of two services: the Patient Locator Service (PLS) and the Vital Sign Monitoring Service (VSMS). The PLS provides information about the patients currently being monitored. The VSMS allows the user to observe a stream of vital sign data, such as ECG, respiration, temperature, SpO/sub 2/, invasive blood pressure, non-invasive blood pressure, etc., from a specific patient in real-time.
Signal Quality Assessment of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Images (2012)

The study suggests signal quality of retinal OCT images can be evaluated subjectively and objectively, independent of the devices. Together with the proposed histogram decomposition model, mTCI may be used as a standardization metric for OCT signal quality that would affect measurements.
Calpains — An elaborate proteolytic system (2011)

Calpain is an intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.17; Clan CA, family C02). Recent expansion of sequence data across the species definitively shows that calpain has been present throughout evolution; calpains are found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria, but not in archaebacteria. Fifteen genes within the human genome encode a calpain-like protease domain. Interestingly, some human calpains, particularly those with non-classical domain structures, are very similar to calpain homologs identified in evolutionarily distant organisms. Three-dimensional structural analyses have helped to identify calpain's unique mechanism of activation; the calpain protease domain comprises two core domains that fuse to form a functional protease only when bound to Ca(2+)via well-conserved amino acids. This finding highlights the mechanistic characteristics shared by the numerous calpain homologs, despite the fact that they have divergent domain structures. In other words, calpains function through the same mechanism but are regulated independently. This article reviews the recent progress in calpain research, focusing on those studies that have helped to elucidate its mechanism of action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome.
<em>nab</em>-Paclitaxel as a potential partner with checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors (2016)

Tumors recognized by the host immune system are associated with better survival. However, the immune system is often suppressed in patients with established tumor burden. Stimulating the immune system to detect and kill tumor cells has been a challenge in cancer therapy for some time. Recently, novel cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccine therapies, have emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for many solid tumors. However, for some tumors, immunotherapy alone has not provided significant benefits, and some may even be fully resistant to immunotherapy. It has been suggested that the immune system may require "priming" before an immunotherapy can elicit an immune response. Although chemotherapies are believed to be immunosuppressive, when given at the right dose and sequence these agents may provide this "priming" effect for the immune system. In addition to direct cytotoxic killing of tumor cells, standard chemotherapeutic agents can elicit immunogenicity through various mechanisms. This review highlights the general immunomodulatory properties of chemotherapy agents. It also provides a rationale for combined therapy with <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent clinical trial data with these combination regimens in solid tumors are presented, along with a summary of ongoing trials.
A new class of self‐assembled monolayers: Organic thiols on gallium arsenide (1992)

The spontaneous assembly of long chain thiols on the clean oxide‐free surface of gallium arsenide has recently been reported by a group at Penn State University. In the past, the substrates on which this was possible were restricted to the group 10 and 11 metals Au, Ag, Pt, and Cu, and the oxides of silicon, aluminum and silver. The work and its consequences for GaAs‐based microelectronics are discussed.
Acute Effects of Aerosolized S -Nitrosoglutathione in Cystic Fibrosis (2002)

S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a naturally occurring constituent of airway lining fluid, enhances ciliary motility, relaxes airway smooth muscle, inhibits airway epithelial amiloride-sensitive sodium transport, and prevents pathogen replication. Remarkably, airway levels of GSNO are low in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We hypothesized that replacement of airway GSNO would improve gas exchange in CF. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study, we administered 0.05 ml/kg of 10 mM GSNO or phosphate buffered saline by aerosol to patients with CF and followed oxygen saturation, spirometry, respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, and expired nitric oxide (NO). Nine patients received GSNO and 11 placebo. GSNO inhalation was associated with a modest but sustained increase in oxygen saturation at all time points. Expired NO increased in the low ppb range with GSNO treatment, peaking at 5 minutes but remaining above baseline at 30 minutes. There were no adverse effects. We conclude that GSNO is well tolerated in patients with CF and improves oxygenation through a mechanism that may be independent of free NO. Further, GSNO breakdown increases expired NO. We suggest that therapy aimed at restoring endogenous GSNO levels in the CF airway may merit study.
Design of a free-form single-element head-worn display (2010)

Compact and lightweight optical designs achieving visually acceptable image quality, field of view, eye clearance, eye box diameter and operating across the visible spectrum, are the key to the success of next generation head-worn displays. There have been several approaches in the design of head-worn displays including holographic optical elements and laser scanner systems. For example, Minolta has pursued a monochromatic display (green) with a 3 mm exit pupil realized by a 3.4 mm thick light guide with a holographic optical element to achieve an eyeglass form-factor head-worn display [1]. Our approach in this paper is to investigate the field of view, eyebox diameter, and the performance limit of a single element magnifier comprised of freeform surfaces. The surface shape is a major variable in such a constrained system with respect to the optimization degrees of freedom. Typical optical surfaces are functions mapping vectors in R<sup>2</sup> to real numbers representing the sag of the surface. A majority of optical designs to-date have relied on conic sections to which are added polynomials as the functions of choice. The choice of conic sections is easily justified, since conic sections are stigmatic surfaces under certain imaging geometries. The choice of polynomials from an image quality analysis point of view is understood since the wavefront aberration function is typically expanded in terms of polynomials. Therefore, a polynomial surface description may link a designer's understanding of the wavefront aberrations and the surface shape. However, from the point of view of shape optimization and representation, polynomial shape descriptions can be challenged. In Section 2, we briefly describe the radial basis function approach to represent freeform optical surfaces. In Section 3, we apply the RBF to design a single element see-through compatible head-worn display.
Multidimensional annotation of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome (2007)

The annotation of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome in the EcoCyc database is one of the most accurate, complete and multidimensional genome annotations. Of the 4460 E. coli genes, EcoCyc assigns biochemical functions to 76%, and 66% of all genes had their functions determined experimentally. EcoCyc assigns E. coli genes to Gene Ontology and to MultiFun. Seventy-five percent of gene products contain reviews authored by the EcoCyc project that summarize the experimental literature about the gene product. EcoCyc information was derived from 15 000 publications. The database contains extensive descriptions of E. coli cellular networks, describing its metabolic, transport and transcriptional regulatory processes. A comparison to genome annotations for other model organisms shows that the E. coli genome contains the most experimentally determined gene functions in both relative and absolute terms: 2941 (66%) for E. coli, 2319 (37%) for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1816 (5%) for Arabidopsis thaliana, 1456 (4%) for Mus musculus and 614 (4%) for Drosophila melanogaster. Database queries to EcoCyc survey the global properties of E. coli cellular networks and illuminate the extent of information gaps for E. coli, such as dead-end metabolites. EcoCyc provides a genome browser with novel properties, and a novel interactive display of transcriptional regulatory networks.
CoupledK-matrix description of the reactionsπN→πN,πN→ηN,γN→πN, andγN→ηN (1999)

The coupled $\ensuremath{\pi}N,$ $\ensuremath{\eta}N,$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}N$ systems are described by a K-matrix method. The parameters in this model are adjusted to get an optimal fit to $\ensuremath{\pi}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\pi}N,$ $\ensuremath{\pi}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\eta}N,$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\pi}N$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\eta}N$ data in an energy range of about 100 MeV each side of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ threshold. The coupling of photons to the $N(1535)$ state is extracted and also an alternative to the current $S11\ensuremath{\gamma}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ amplitudes suggested. Expansions are given for the $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\eta}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\eta}$ amplitudes in terms of the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ momentum. Effects of interference of this state with background potential interactions are discussed and experimental consequences are indicated.
The promise of biochemical modulation in combined modality therapy. (1994)

This paper reviews evidence that interferon (IFN) potentiates the cytotoxicity of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The results of preclinical models suggest that the radiation-enhancing effect may be due in part to cell-cycle synchronization. Clinical studies of small numbers of patients indicate that IFN may enhance the effect of radiotherapy in localized tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Interferon augmented the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in a murine model, but two clinical studies of patients with non-small cell lung cancer had mixed results. Interferon clearly enhances the activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a variety of laboratory models. Three studies are under way to evaluate the combined effects of IFN, cisplatin, and 5-FU in patients with head and neck cancer. Investigators at the University of Chicago are obtaining promising results with IFN and chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated stage IV head and neck cancer. The regimen consists of three cycles of induction cisplatin, 5-FU, high-dose leucovorin, and IFN followed by surgery and/or seven cycles of concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Although toxicity was formidable, 51% of 65 evaluable patients achieved complete responses to the chemotherapy. Another combination that holds promise is IFN and 13-cis-retinoic acid. This combination has shown activity in selected solid tumors. The results of available studies indicate that biochemical modulation is feasible and promising. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the role of IFN as a biochemical modulator.