gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Determination of HD Internal State Distributions via (2+1) REMPI (1989)

Abstract The relationship between quantum state populations and ion signals in (2+1) resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection of HD is investigated both experimentally, by measurements of hot‐nozzle population distributions, and theoretically, by calculations of the two‐photon E,F 1 Σ g + —X 1 Σ g + transition moments. The experimental and theoretical relative rotational cross‐sections are in good agreement for v″ = 0 and v″ = 1, but differ for v″ = 2 and for the relative vibrational cross‐sections. Arguments are presented that saturation of the E,F‐X transition is the main cause of these discrepancies. In spite of the presence of saturation, this calibration gives confidence in determining the relative internal state populations of HD from its (2+1) REMPI spectrum.
Theory of Stationary Electrode Polarography. Single Scan and Cyclic Methods Applied to Reversible, Irreversible, and Kinetic Systems. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of Stationary Electrode Polarography. Single Scan and Cyclic Methods Applied to Reversible, Irreversible, and Kinetic Systems.R. S. Nicholson and Irving. ShainCite this: Anal. Chem. 1964, 36, 4, 706–723Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60210a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60210a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19368Altmetric-Citations4199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Prodomain Peptide ofPlasmodium falciparumCysteine Protease (Falcipain-2) Inhibits Malaria Parasite Development (2008)

Falcipain-2 (FP-2), a papain family cysteine protease of Plasmodium falciparum, is a promising target for antimalarial chemotherapy. Designing inhibitors that are highly selective for falcipain-2 has been difficult because of broad specificity of different cysteine proteinases. Because propeptide regions of cysteine proteases have been shown to inhibit their cognate enzymes specifically and selectively, in the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory potential of few falcipain-2 proregion peptides. A 15 residue peptide (PP1) inhibited falcipain-2 enzyme activity in vitro. Studies on the uptake of PP1 into the parasitized erythrocytes showed access of peptide into the infected RBCs. PP1 fused with Antennapedia homeoprotein internalization domain blocked hemoglobin hydrolysis, merozoite release and markedly inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth and maturation. Together, our results identify a peptide derived from the proregion of falcipain-2 that blocks late-stage malaria parasite development in RBCs, suggesting the development of peptide and peptidometric drugs against the human malaria parasite.
Expression of Latent HAART-Persistent HIV Type 1 Induced by Novel Cellular Activating Agents (2004)

The novel antitumor-promoting phorbol ester, prostratin, was evaluated for its ability to induce the expression of latent, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-persistent human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) from specific subsets of patients' peripheral blood cells. This evaluation was performed relative to the use of other cellular activating agents, such as OKT3, a monoclonal antibody against the human T cell receptor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), p24 antigen (HIV-1-specific capsid protein), and a molecular relative of prostratin, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate (DPP). Prostratin performed as efficiently as the other cellular activators at inducing the expression of latent HIV-1 from cells of patients on virally suppressive HAART. Of interest was the induction of a novel species of latent virus from the cells of an individual after exposure to the HIV-1-specific capsid protein, p24, relative to virus expression induced by several other cell activators. This suggests that a variety of agents may be available for animal model studies of lentiviral latency and clinical use to broadly induce the expression of latent, HAART-persistent HIV-1 in vivo with the goal of potential HIV-1 reservoir depletion or eradication.
Survey of Mycotoxins in U.S. Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles from 2009 to 2011 (2011)

Distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a major coproduct of the fuel-ethanol industry and is becoming a popular low-cost ingredient for animal feed. Uncertainties regarding the risk factors in DDGS, such as level of mycotoxins, could limit its application in the animal feed industry. To provide a scientifically sound assessment of the prevalence and levels of mycotoxins in U.S. DDGS, we measured aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone in 67 DDGS samples collected from 8 ethanol plants in the midwestern United States from 2009 to 2011. Among the five mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol was the main focus of the study because the crop year of 2009 was favorable for deoxynivalenol occurrence in corn. We learned that no more than 12% of the samples contained deoxynivalenol levels higher than the minimum advisory level for use in animal feed provided by the U.S. FDA, and the deoxynivalenol levels in all DDGS collected in 2011 were <2 mg/kg. Besides, intensive study showed that the enrichment of deoxynivalenol from contaminated corn to DDGS was about 3.5 times. With regard to the other mycotoxins in DDGS, the study suggested that (1) almost none of the DDGS samples produced in 2010 contained detectable aflatoxins and the highest level of aflatoxins in DDGS was 5.7 μg/kg; (2) no more than 6% of the samples contained fumonisin levels higher than the guidance level for feeding equids and rabbits provided by the U.S. FDA; (3) none of the samples contained T-2 higher than the detection limit; (4) most samples contained zearalenone levels between 100 and 300 μg/kg. This study was based on representative DDGS samples from the U.S. ethanol industry, and the data were collected using state-of-the-art analytical methodology. This study provided a comprehensive and scientifically sound assessment of the occurrence and levels of mycotoxins in DDGS produced from 2009 to early 2011 by the U.S. ethanol industry.
Cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin A fragment to toxin-resistant murine cells delivered by pH-sensitive immunoliposomes. (1987)

pH-sensitive immunoliposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid (8:2 molar ratio) mediated the delivery of the cytotoxic fragment A of diphtheria toxin to the cytoplasm of target L-929 cells. Free fragment A, fragment A encapsulated in antibody-free liposomes, or fragment A encapsulated in pH-insensitive immunoliposomes was not effective in the inhibition of the cellular protein synthesis. pH-sensitive immunoliposomes containing diphtheria fragment A were not toxic to nontarget diphtheria-resistant A31 cells or to nontarget diphtheria-sensitive Vero cells. Pretreatment of target L-929 cells with the weak bases NH4Cl or chloroquine, agents which raise the endosome/lysosome pH, blocked the cytotoxic effect of the pH-sensitive immunoliposomes containing fragment A. Excess free antibody or excess empty pH-sensitive immunoliposomes also blocked the cytotoxic effect. Since it is known that fragment A alone cannot cross lipid membranes, the results of this study indicate that pH-sensitive immunoliposomes are able to release the toxin into the cytoplasm, probably by fusing with the endosome membrane following a receptor-mediated endocytosis of the immunoliposome.
Diagnostic value of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

Specificity of serological markers for IBD is high, but low sensitivity makes them less useful as diagnostic tests. The combination of tests is probably more powerful, although, clinical subgroups still need to be defined. The usefulness of these markers in indeterminate colitis needs to be studied prospectively.
Empiric Use of Potassium Citrate Reduces Kidney-Stone Incidence With the Ketogenic Diet (2009)

Oral potassium citrate is an effective preventive supplement against kidney stones in children who receive the KD, achieving its goal of urine alkalinization. Universal supplementation is warranted.
A hammerhead ribozyme allows synthesis of a new form of theTetrahymenaribozyme homogeneous in length with a 3' end blocked for transesterification (1991)

The L-21 Scal form of the Tetrahymena ribozyme acts as a sequence-specific endonuclease. This ribozyme has a homogeneous 5' end but a somewhat heterogeneous 3' end, as is typical of RNA synthesized by transcription in vitro. To produce a more homogeneous ribozyme for both structural and enzymological studies, a hammerhead ribozyme was inserted at the 3' end of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. During transcription the hammerhead moiety self-cleaves to produce the L-21 A Tetrahymena ribozyme, which ends at A410 with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate terminus. The new ribozyme has endoribonuclease activity equivalent to that of L-21 Scal under conditions where binding of substrate is rate-limiting, as well as under conditions where chemical cleavage by guanosine is rate-limiting. However, the L-21 A has lost activity in oligo(C) disproportionation (e.g., 2 pC5----pC4 + pC6), consistent with the previous proposal that this reaction occurs predominantly through a covalent ribozyme-substrate intermediate involving the 3'-terminal hydroxyl group of the ribozyme. Formation of such an intermediate would be prevented by the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate terminus. Thus the L-21 A ribozyme has simplified enzymatic activity, being fully active as an endonuclease but blocked for disproportionation.
Bulk-Fluid Solubility and Membrane Feasibility of Rmim-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2006)

This paper shows how gas solubility can be predicted in Rmim-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). We have developed a model to illustrate that ideal, single-gas solubility in Rmim-based RTILs is primarily a function of molar volume of the RTIL. This method is used to estimate bulk-fluid gas solubility, showing that for Rmim-based RTILs there is a particular molar volume where a maximum amount of gas per volume of RTIL occurs at a given pressure and temperature. This method is also used to estimate gas permeability and gas pair separation selectivity for ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separations. A comparison to traditional polymer membranes utilized in these separations is included in the form of a “Robeson plot”.
Persistence of ureaplasma urealyticum in the genital tract after antibiotic therapy. (1983)

Urine samples from 65 couples attending an infertility clinic were tested for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Of 36 couples found to harbor the organism, 35 were given antibiotic treatment in an attempt to eradicate these organisms from the genital tract. After the initial antibiotic therapy, tests of 12 of 27 couples (44%) still were Ureaplasma positive; after a second course of treatment, tests for 4 of 9 were positive. Two couples had Ureaplasma organisms that were resistant to all antibiotics tested. One couple remained positive after five courses of treatment, in spite of the demonstrated in vitro sensitivity of the isolate to antibiotics used. Pregnancies in treated patients occurred among those who were Ureaplasma negative after doxycycline therapy.
Suppressed natural killer cell activity in ulcerative colitis. (1994)

We describe a 31-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis who was successfully treated with prednisolone (PSL). Immunologic analyses were performed during the treatment course. Suppressed natural killer (NK) cell activity and increased levels of the CD4/CD8 ratio were observed on admission. Transient restoration of NK cell activity was obtained by PSL treatment. However, it returned to the initial low level in spite of the improvement of clinical symptoms. Possible mechanisms are discussed for involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC).
Comparison of antifading agents used in immunofluorescence (1989)

Various chemicals including p-phenylenediamine, n-propyl gallate, 1,4-diazobicyclo[2,2,2]-octane and Citifluor were tested to determine their effectiveness in retarding the fading of fluorescein-conjugated antibody bound to eosinophil granule major basic protein in tissues. Immunofluorescence fading and intensity were measured quantitatively using the Zeiss Zonax microphotometer system. All of these agents effectively retarded fluorescence fading; p-phenylenediamine and n-propyl gallate were the most effective. Comparison of glycerol-based and polyvinyl alcohol-based media containing n-propyl gallate or p-phenylenediamine showed that the glycerol-based medium yields higher mean fluorescence intensities than the polyvinyl alcohol-based medium. Slides mounted with p-phenylenediamine-glycerol could be stored for up to 2 weeks without loss of fluorescence intensity. Although p-phenylenediamine has many undesirable chemical properties, we conclude that it is the agent of choice for retarding the fading of tissue preparations stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates when used in a glycerol-based medium.
Micro-algae come of age as a platform for recombinant protein production (2010)

A complete set of genetic tools is still being developed for the micro-alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Yet even with this incomplete set, this photosynthetic single-celled plant has demonstrated significant promise as a platform for recombinant protein expression. In recent years, techniques have been developed that allow for robust expression of genes from both the nuclear and plastid genome. With these advances, many research groups have examined the pliability of this and other micro-algae as biological machines capable of producing recombinant peptides and proteins. This review describes recent successes in recombinant protein production in Chlamydomonas, including production of complex mammalian therapeutic proteins and monoclonal antibodies at levels sufficient for production at economic parity with existing production platforms. These advances have also shed light on the details of algal protein production at the molecular level, and provide insight into the next steps for optimizing micro-algae as a useful platform for the production of therapeutic and industrially relevant recombinant proteins.
Regulation of mouse serum amyloid A gene expression in transfected hepatoma cells. (1990)

Expression of mouse serum amyloid A (SAA1, -2, and -3) mRNAs can be induced up to 1,000-fold in the liver in response to acute inflammation. This large increase is primarily the result of a 200-fold increase in the rates of SAA gene transcription. To analyze the cis-acting regulatory element(s) responsible for regulating transcription, we fused 306 base pairs of the mouse SAA3 promoter to a reporter gene, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, and transfected this chimeric DNA into cultured cells. In transient expression assays, this 5' sequence was sufficient to confer cell-specific expression: CAT activity was readily detectable when the construct was transfected into liver-derived cells but was not detectable in nonliver cells. Furthermore, when liver cells transfected with this construct were treated with conditioned media prepared from activated mixed lymphocyte cultures or with recombinant interleukin-1, a 10- to 15-fold increase in CAT activity was detected. Deletion analyses showed two regions of interest: a proximal region that enhanced CAT expression in a cell-specific manner and a distal region that conferred responsiveness to both conditioned media and recombinant interleukin-1. This distal responsive element had properties of an inducible transcriptional enhancer, and deletion of the proximal cell-specific region rendered the distal element responsive to stimulation by conditioned media in nonliver cells.
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma mRNA Expression Subtypes Are Reproducible, Clinically Important, and Correspond to Normal Cell Types (2010)

Lung SCC consists of four mRNA expression subtypes that have different survival outcomes, patient populations, and biological processes. The subtypes stratify patients for more precise prognosis and targeted research.
The Chromagenic Colour Camera and Illuminant Estimation (2005)

A chromagenic camera takes two pictures of each scene. The first is taken as normal but a specially chosen coloured filter is placed in front of the camera when capturing the second image. The chromagenic filter is chosen so that the combined image makes colour constancy, or white point estimation easier to solve. The chromagenic illuminant estimation algorithm is very simple. We compute the expect relations, currently implemented as 3x3 matrix transforms, between unfiltered and filtered RGBs for a range of typical lights. These relations are tested in situ for a given chromagenic image and the one that best predicts the image data is used to designate the illuminant colour.However, in experiments we found that a 3x3 matrix transform, while generally quite accurate, can fail to model the relationship between filtered and unfiltered RGBs for some colours (e.g. saturated colours) and so, the chromagenic algorithm which works very well on average can nevertheless, on occasion, work poorly. In this paper we assume that convex combinations in local areas of RGB space are translated to the same convex combinations for corresponding filtered RGBs and use this insight to relate filtered and unfiltered RGBs. These locally convex relations model the image data more accurately. Testing these relations in situ in images and choosing the one which best models the data provides surprisingly effective illuminant estimation algorithm.Experiments demonstrate that the chromagenic colour constancy algorithm provides superior illuminant estimation compared with conventional approaches (Gamut mapping, color by correlation, max RGB etc). This result holds across many different data sets. The method is also demonstrated to work on real images. The plausibility of the chromagenic approach for human vision is also discussed.
Electrostatic trapping of single conducting nanoparticles between nanoelectrodes (1997)

For molecular electronics, one needs the ability to electrically address a single conducting molecule. We report on the fabrication of stable Pt electrodes with a spacing down to 4 nm and demonstrate a new deposition technique, i.e., electrostatic trapping, which can be used to bridge the electrodes in a controlled way with a single conducting nanoparticle such as a conjugated or metal–cluster molecule. In electrostatic trapping, nanoparticles are polarized by an applied electric field and are attracted to the gap between the electrodes where the field is maximum. The feasibility of electrostatic trapping is demonstrated for Pd colloids. Transport measurements on a single Pd nanoparticle show single electron tunneling coexisting with tunnel-barrier suppression.
Gap Analysis for Transport Network Slicing (2017)

This document presents network slicing differentiation from the non-
partition network or from simply partition of connectivity resources.
It lists 7 standardization gaps related to 4 key requirements for
network slicing in transport network. It also presents an analysis of
existing related work and other potential solutions on network
slicing. This gap analysis document aims to provide a basis for
future works in transport network slicing.
The repair of osteochondral defects using an exogenous fibrin clot (1992)

To evaluate the ability of an exogenous fibrin clot to hasten or optimize the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects, 4-mm diameter, full-thickness articular cartilage defects in 20 adult mongrel dogs were packed with an exogenous fibrin clot that had been prepared from each animal. The defects were created in a loaded and unloaded portion of the femoral trochlea. The healing response was then examined using routine histology at various intervals from 2 weeks to 6 months. Both the experimental (clot-filled) and control (empty) defects healed through a proliferation of fibrous connective tissue that eventually modulated into fibrocartilage. However, in the 2-, 4-, and 8-week animals, the experimental defects (both loaded and unloaded) demonstrated a more organized and advanced healing response than did the control defects. This difference was less pronounced in the 12- and 24-week animals. In all specimens, the clot-filled defects healed more uniformly than controls with less surface depression. In general, the unloaded sites were more uniform in healing than the corresponding loaded sites.
Evaluation of analog contrast enhancement and digital unsharp masking in low‐contrast portal images (1990)

An experimental high-contrast sensitivity storage phosphor imaging system was used to produce double-exposure localization portal images of abdominal and pelvic treatment fields. The images were contrast enhanced by using an analog windowing technique and edge enhanced with a digital unsharp masking routine. A laser printer was used to print the storage phosphor images onto film. Conventional images were obtained by placing film in the cassette with the storage phosphor plates prior to exposure. Four radiation oncologists rated the storage phosphor and conventional films for perceptibility of anatomical detail needed to verify the placement of the treatment field. Contrast enhancement alone did not result in a significant improvement in perceptibility over unprocessed conventional film (p greater than 0.20). However, the combination of contrast and edge enhancement did result in a significant improvement over conventional film (p less than 0.05).
ESPGHAN and ESPEN Guidelines Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition ‐ Annex: List of Products (2005)

BACKGROUNDThese Guidelines for Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition have been developed as a mutual project of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN; www.espghan.org) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN; www.espen.org). T
Hemostatic Drugs (1998)

When bleeding is the consequence of a specific defect of hemostasis, the goal of treatment is to correct the defect. A typical example is the replacement of factor VIII by transfusion in patients with hemophilia. Specific treatment may be impossible, however, because bleeding may result from multiple defects or because no cause can be identified. In such situations, nontransfusional drugs that help to stop bleeding are indicated.1 These drugs may also be indicated for patients who refuse blood transfusion or for those who undergo surgical procedures associated with large blood losses necessitating many transfusions of donated blood. Many nontransfusional hemostatic . . .