gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailor-Made Development of Fast Li Ion Conducting Garnet-Like Solid Electrolytes (2010)

This paper reports a novel approach to designing advanced solid Li ion electrolytes for application in various solid state ionic devices, including Li ion secondary batteries, gas sensors, and electrochromic displays. The employed methodology involves a solid-solution reaction between the two best-known fast Li ion conductors in the garnet-family of compounds Li(6)BaLa(2)M(2)O(12) (M = Nb, Ta) and Li(7)La(3)Zr(2)O(12). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AC impedance, and (7)Li nuclear magnetic resonance (Li NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize phase formation, morphology, ionic conductivity, and Li ion coordination in Li(6.5)La(2.5)BaZrMO(12). PXRD shows for formation of a cubic garnet-like structure and AC impedance data is consistent with other known solid Li ion electrolytes. Li(6.5)La(2.5)BaZrTaO(12) exhibits a fast Li ion conductivity of about 6 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 100 degrees C, which is comparable to that of currently employed organic polymer electrolytes value at room temperature. The Nb analogue shows an order of magnitude lower ionic conductivity than that of the corresponding Ta member, which is consistent with the trend in garnet-type electrolytes reported in the literature. Samples sintered at 1100 degrees C shows the highest electrical conductivity compared to that of 900 degrees C. (7)Li MAS NMR shows a sharp single peak at 0 ppm with respect to LiCl, which may be attributed to fast migration of ions between various sites in the garnets, and also suggesting average distributions of Li ions at average octahedral coordination in Li(6.5)La(2.5)BaZrMO(12). The present work together with literature used to establish very important fundamental relationship of functional property-Li concentration-crystal structure-Li diffusion coefficient in the garnet family of Li ion electrolytes.
Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for investigation of hospital outbreaks of Acinetobacter baumannii (1992)

Genomic DNAs from taxonomically and epidemiologically well-defined strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were digested with restriction endonucleases that cleave with low frequency, and the fragments were separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were observed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis can be used as an epidemiological tool to delineate outbreaks of nosocomial infections caused by A. baumannii.
Antibody to liver cytosol (anti-LC1) in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2 (1988)

A new autoantibody was detected by immunoprecipitation in the serum of 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis. The antibody reacted against a soluble cytosolic antigen in liver. The antibody was organ specific but not species specific and was therefore called anti-liver cytosol antibody Type 1 (anti-LC1). In seven of 21 cases, no other autoantibody was found; the remaining 14 cases had anti-liver/kidney microsome antibody Type 1 (anti-LKM1). With indirect immunofluorescence, a distinctive staining pattern was observed with the seven sera with anti-LC1 and without anti-LKM1. The antibody stained the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from four different animal species and spared the cellular layer around the central veins of mouse and rat liver that we have called juxtavenous hepatocytes. The immunofluorescence pattern disappeared after absorption of sera by a liver cytosol fraction. The 14 sera with both antibodies displayed anti-LC1 immunofluorescent pattern after absorption of anti-LKM1 by the liver microsomal fraction. The anti-LC1 was found in the serum only in patients with chronic active hepatitis of unknown cause. Anti-LC1 antibody was not found in sera from 100 patients with chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-actin antibody classic chronic active hepatitis Type 1, 100 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 157 patients with drug-induced hepatitis and a large number of patients with liver and nonliver diseases. This new antibody was considered a second marker of chronic active hepatitis associated with anti-LKM1 (anti-LKM1 chronic active hepatitis) or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis Type 2.
A.I.D. — A Pretreatment Social Assessment (1980)

Summary: The findings of a structured pretreatment interview of 200 prospective artificial insemination by donor (A.I.D.) couples is reported, and areas of concern are discussed.
Human Fc gamma receptor IIA (FcγRIIA) genotyping and association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Chinese and Malays in Malaysia (1999)

SLE is an autoimmune and polygenic disorder characterized by an accumulation and deposition of immune complexes. Several studies have indicated differential impact of FcgammaR polymorphism genotypes in different ethnic groups studied. The Fc receptor for IgG class IIA gene (FcgammaRIIA) occurs in two allelic forms. The allele FcgammaRIIA-H131 encodes a receptor with a histidine at the 131 amino acid position; the other allele FcgammaRIIA-R131 encodes an arginine. This polymorphism is believed to determine the affinity of the receptor for hIgG2 in immune complexes. FcgammaRIIA-H131 has a higher capacity for hIgG2 compared to FcgammaRIIA-R131 as measured by in vitro studies of insoluble immune complex clearance. We have investigated the polymorphism for FcgammaRIIA using a novel polymerase chain reaction-allele specific primer (PCR-ASP) method designed specifically to distinguish the two allelic forms. Our studies were based on 175 Chinese and 50 Malays SLE patients as well as 108 and 50 ethnically matched healthy controls for the respective groups. Analysis of the data (chi2 test with Yates correction factors and odds ratios) revealed that there were no significant differences between SLE patients and controls. We have not found evidence of a protective effect conferred by FcgammaRIIA-H131 in the ethnic groups studied.
Similarities of an Autoantigen in Aneurysmal Disease of the Human Abdominal-Aorta to a 36-kDa Microfibril-Associated Bovine Aortic Glycoprotein (1995)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human aneurysmal aorta was used to partially purify an aortic protein with an apparent MW approximately 80 kDa. Amino acid sequencing of a tryptic digest revealed two sequences with homology to mouse tenascin-X. The autoimmune IgG was then shown to react with purified human tenascin, and a rabbit polyclonal anti-human tenascin antibody was found to react with the purified autoantigen. These observations suggest that the autoantigen of abdominal aortic aneurysm disease may be homologous to a calcium-binding member of the tenascin superfamily that has been identified by others in pig and cow.
Decreased mortality of Norman murine sarcoma in mice treated with the immunomodulator, Acemannan. (1991)

An extract from the parenchyma of Aloe barbadensis Miller shown to contain long chain polydispersed beta (1,4)-linked mannan polymers with random O-acetyl groups (acemannan, Carrisyn) was found to initiate the phagocyte production of monokines that supported antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and stimulated blastogenesis in thymocytes. Acemannan, in both enriched and highly purified forms, was administered intraperitoneally to female CFW mice into which murine sarcoma cells had been subcutaneously implanted. The rapidly growing, highly malignant and invasive sarcoma grew in 100% of implanted control animals, resulting in mortality in 20 to 46 days, dependent on the number of cells implanted. Approximately 40% of animals treated with acemannan at the time of tumor cell implantation (1.5 x 10(6) cells) survived. Tumors in acemannan-treated animals exhibited vascular congestion, edema, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, and central necrosing foci with hemorrhage and peripheral fibrosis. The data indicate that in vivo treatment of peritoneal macrophages stimulates the macrophage production of monokines, including interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. The data further indicate that sarcomas in animals treated i.p. with acemannan at the time of tumor cell implantation were infiltrated by immune system cells, became necrotic, and regressed. The combined data suggest that acemannan-stimulated synthesis of monokines resulted in the initiation of immune attack, necrosis, and regression of implanted sarcomas in mice.
Physics-based RNA structure prediction (2015)

Despite the success of RNA secondary structure prediction for simple, short RNAs, the problem of predicting RNAs with long-range tertiary folds remains. Furthermore, RNA 3D structure prediction is hampered by the lack of the knowledge about the tertiary contacts and their thermodynamic parameters. Low-resolution structural modeling enables us to estimate the conformational entropies for a number of tertiary folds through rigorous statistical mechanical calculations. The models lead to 3D tertiary folds at coarse-grained level. The coarse-grained structures serve as the initial structures for all-atom molecular dynamics refinement to build the final all-atom 3D structures. In this paper, we present an overview of RNA computational models for secondary and tertiary structures' predictions and then focus on a recently developed RNA statistical mechanical model-the Vfold model. The main emphasis is placed on the physics behind the models, including the treatment of the non-canonical interactions in secondary and tertiary structure modelings, and the correlations to RNA functions.
Irradiation of platelets with UV‐B light exposes fibrinogen binding sites via an intracellular mechanism (1990)

Previous studies have shown that ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) causes platelet aggregation. In the present study we exposed platelet suspensions to a relatively high dose of UV-B (8 J/cm2) under conditions comparable to those of UVI of platelet concentrates in order to obtain more insight into the UV-induced aggregation response and to evaluate the significance of this phenomenon for the clinical use of UV-irradiated platelet concentrates. This study provides evidence that UV-B induced aggregation is mediated by a Ca2(+)-dependent process of fibrinogen binding to an intact glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex on platelet membranes. Although UV-induced platelet aggregation is independent of thromboxane A2 formation and ADP secretion, it requires metabolic energy, cytosolic Ca2+ and a low cyclic-AMP level. Thus, UV-B irradiation causes platelet aggregation by exposing fibrinogen binding sites via an intracellular mechanism. Since the amount of bound fibrinogen following UVI is relatively low (about 2,300 molecules platelet) and the binding remains reversible, its effect on platelet behaviour after transfusion may be minor.
Abstract B215: Ascending single-dose study of safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of bosutinib (SKI-606) in healthy subjects (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Bosutinib (SKI-606), a dual inhibitor of Src and Abl tyrosine kinases, is being developed for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. An oral dose of 500 mg daily shows evidence of clinical efficacy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (Cortes et al. Blood 112:1098, 2008). To support the clinical pharmacology assessment of bosutinib, a single-ascending-dose safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation was performed in healthy subjects. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-ascending dose, sequential-group study of oral bosutinib in healthy subjects. Subjects were originally to receive doses of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 mg of bosutinib in the fasting state. However, subjects who received 400 mg bosutinib had multiple adverse events and then 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg bosutinib was administered with food. Each cohort included 6 subjects who received one dose of bosutinib and 2 who received placebo. Plasma samples, collected through 96 h post-dose, were analyzed by using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for bosutinib concentrations. PK analyses were performed using a noncompartmental method and dose linearity was assessed using a power model. Results: A total of 55 subjects (41 bosutinib, 14 placebo) were enrolled (47 males, 8 females, median age [range] 28 [18–50] y, 87%White). Thirty-three (81%) subjects had adverse events (AEs) after receiving bosutinib. The most common AEs for all subjects receiving bosutinib included diarrhea (39% subjects), nausea (29%), headache (22%), postural dizziness (22%) catheter site-related reaction and fatigue (10% each). The frequency and severity of gastrointestinal AEs appeared to be dose related. Doses up to 600 (fed) were well tolerated. After administration of single ascending doses of 200–800 mg bosutinib with food, absorption of bosutinib was relatively slow with a median tmax of 6 h, and both Cmax and AUC increased with increasing dose in a linear fashion. The apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) was large (131–214 L/kg), mean clearance (CL/F) was 2.25–3.81 L/h/kg, and mean half-life was 32–39 h. Food increased bosutinib exposure (Cmax and AUC) by ∼2-fold and 1.5-fold after administration of the 200-mg and 400-mg doses, respectively. Conclusions: Bosutinib was generally safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects after administration of single oral doses up to 600 mg (fed). The PK of bosutinib was linear when given with food, and the half-life supports a once-daily dosing regimen. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B215.
Prodrug Strategies in Ocular Drug Delivery (2012)

Poor bioavailability of topically instilled drug is the major concern in the field of ocular drug delivery. Efflux transporters, static and dynamic ocular barriers often possess rate limiting factors for ocular drug therapy. Different formulation strategies like suspension, ointment, gels, nanoparticles, implants, dendrimers and liposomes have been employed in order to improve drug permeation and retention by evading rate limiting factors at the site of absorption. Chemical modification such as prodrug targeting various nutrient transporters (amino acids, peptide and vitamin) has evolved a great deal of interest to improve ocular drug delivery. In this review, we have discussed various prodrug strategies which have been widely applied for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of ophthalmic drugs. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the utilization of prodrug concept in ocular drug delivery. In addition, this review will highlight ongoing academic and industrial research and development in terms of ocular prodrug design and delivery.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium haemophilum (1994)

Mycobacterium haemophilum is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, and since 1989, infections caused by this organism have been identified more frequently in the New York City area than in any other region of the United States. A DNA fingerprinting method, based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) was developed. A genomic library of M. haemophilum isolate 1A was constructed; screening the library yielded a recombinant strain that incorporated a genetic element present in multiple copies in the M. haemophilum genome. This clone was used to produce a probe for RFLP analyses of PvuII digests of genomic DNA. We used this probe to determine the RFLP patterns of 43 clinical isolates of M. haemophilum from 28 patients. A total of six distinct patterns were observed. Two patterns, designated types 1 and 2, accounted for 91% of the infections in patients from the New York City area. Two isolates from Arizona had identical patterns but were distinct from those of New York isolates, and an isolate from Israel, the type strain, had another distinct pattern (type 6). The type 6 pattern was also seen in a recent isolate from Norway. All of the type 1 isolates and 60% of the type 2 isolates were recovered from patients with AIDS in the New York City area. This molecular subtyping method should provide a useful tool for epidemiological studies and may help identify the associated risk factors, vehicles, and possible reservoirs of this newly emerging pathogen.
Facilitation of Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis by Rac1‐GTPase in bovine chromaffin cells (2003)

Rho family GTPases are primary mediators of cytoskeletal reorganization, although they have also been reported to regulate cell secretion. Yet, the extent to which Rho family GTPases are activated by secretory stimuli in neural and neuroendocrine cells remains unknown. In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, we found Rac1, but not Cdc42, to be rapidly and selectively activated by secretory stimuli using an assay selective for the activated GTPases. To examine effects of activated Rac1 on secretion, constitutively active mutants of Rac1 (Rac1-V12, Rac1-L61) were transiently expressed in adrenal chromaffin cells. These mutants facilitated secretory responses elicited from populations of intact and digitonin-permeabilized cells as well as from cells under whole cell patch clamp. A dominant negative Rac1 mutant (Rac1-N17) produced no effect on secretion. Expression of RhoGDI, a negative regulator of Rac1, inhibited secretory responses while overexpression of effectors of Rac1, notably, p21-activated kinase (Pak1) and actin depolymerization factor (ADF) promoted evoked secretion. In addition, expression of effector domain mutants of Rac1-V12 that exhibit reduced activation of the cytoskeletal regulators Pak1 and Partner of Rac1 (POR1) resulted in a loss of Rac1-V12-mediated enhancement of evoked secretion. These findings suggest that Rac1, in part, functions to modulate secretion through actions on the cytoskeleton. Consistent with this hypothesis, the actin modifying drugs phalloidin and jasplakinolide enhanced secretion, while latrunculin-A inhibited secretion and eliminated the secretory effects of Rac1-V12. In summary, Rac1 was activated by secretory stimuli and modulated the secretory pathway downstream of Ca2+ influx, partly through regulation of cytoskeletal organization.
Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption (2017)

Displacement of the center of resistance was not influenced by the types of tooth movement. However, volume of cervical alveolar bone resorption was greater in the tipping movement group than in the bodily movement group.
Essential Tremor Variants (1987)

Essential tremor may not represent a single condition. Subclassifications include kinetic predominant tremor; combined resting-postural tremor; primary writing tremor; isolated voice, chin, or tongue tremor; and orthostatic truncal tremor. We report patients with these disorders. An association of these conditions with essential tremor is suggested by a high occurrence of a family history of essential tremor, frequent presence of a mild postural tremor, and tremor reduction with alcohol ingestion. Pharmacologic responsiveness is different for these disorders. Propranolol and primidone often have beneficial effects but clonazepam was the only drug effective in some cases of kinetic predominant tremor and in orthostatic truncal tremor. Combined resting-postural tremor and voice tremor were often unresponsive to treatment.
Neutrophil-derived leukotriene B4 is required for inflammatory arthritis (2006)

Neutrophils serve as a vanguard of the acute innate immune response to invading pathogens. Neutrophils are also abundant at sites of autoimmune inflammation, such as the rheumatoid joint, although their pathophysiologic role is incompletely defined and relevant effector functions remain obscure. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches in the K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis, we find that autoantibody-driven erosive synovitis is critically reliant on the generation of leukotrienes, and more specifically on leukotriene B4 (LTB4), for disease induction as well as perpetuation. Pursuing the cellular source for this mediator, we find via reconstitution experiments that mast cells are a dispensable source of leukotrienes, whereas arthritis susceptibility can be restored to leukotriene-deficient mice by intravenous administration of wild-type neutrophils. These experiments demonstrate a nonredundant role for LTB4 in inflammatory arthritis and define a neutrophil mediator involved in orchestrating the synovial eruption.
The GSK3-like kinase BIN2 phosphorylates and destabilizes BZR1, a positive regulator of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis (2002)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones essential for normal growth and development in plants. BR signaling involves the cell-surface receptor BRI1, the glycogen synthase kinase-3-like kinase BIN2 as a negative regulator, and nuclear proteins BZR1 and BZR2/BES1 as positive regulators. The interactions among these components remain unclear. Here we report that BRs induce dephosphorylation and accumulation of BZR1 protein. Experiments using a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, suggest that phosphorylation of BZR1 increases its degradation by the proteasome machinery. BIN2 directly interacts with BZR1 in yeast two-hybrid assays, phosphorylates BZR1 in vitro, and negatively regulates BZR1 protein accumulation in vivo. These results strongly suggest that BIN2 phosphorylates BZR1 and targets it for degradation and that BR signaling causes BZR1 dephosphorylation and accumulation by inhibiting BIN2 activity.
Topical negative pressure therapy: mechanisms and indications (2004)

Topical negative pressure (TNP) therapy has emerged as a high-technology, microprocessor-controlled physical wound-healing modality. Complex effects at the wound-dressing interface following application of a controlled vacuum force have been documented. These include changes on a microscopic, molecular level and on a macroscopic, tissue level: interstitial fluid flow and exudate management, oedema reduction, effects on wound perfusion, protease profiles, growth factor and cytokine expression and cellular activity, all leading to enhanced granulation tissue formation and improved wound-healing parameters. Primary indications for clinical use have been documented and include traumatic wounds, open abdominal wounds, infected sternotomy wounds, wound bed preparation, complex diabetic wounds and skin-graft fixation. Whilst this therapy now forms an essential part of the wound healing armamentarium, extensive clinical trials are recommended to confirm efficacy and delineate its optimum use.
An oligodeoxynucleotide affinity column for the isolation of sequence specific DNA binding proteins (1988)

A nucleic acid affinity matrix containing a short oligodeoxynucleotide ligand has been prepared as an example of a material which can be used for the rapid and effective isolation of sequence specific DNA binding proteins. Two complementary oligodeoxynucleotides have been employed, one of which contains a small 5'-spacer arm with a terminal thiol group. Using this terminal thiol group, the ligand can be covalently coupled to Tresyl-activated Sepharose 4B or Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B via a thioether linkage. This approach allows the specific attachment of the nucleic acid ligand via its 5'-terminus to the insoluble matrix. The double stranded affinity material was obtained by annealing of the complementary DNA fragment. As an example, we have used an eicosomer affinity column containing the sequence d(GAATTC) for the isolation of the Eco RI restriction endonuclease. Using a single column, the enzyme could be isolated by eluting the column with a single step or multistep gradient of increasing salt concentration. The enzyme was purified to 75%-85% homogeneity with yields of 0.1 mg to 0.2 mg from 0.5 g of cell paste.