gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of specific binding proteins for growth hormone in normal human sera. (1986)

The well-recognized "big" forms (45,000-100,000 mol wt) of immunoreactive human growth hormone (hGH) in human serum have been reported to be random aggregates or formal polymers. However, we have now investigated the possibility that they are protein-bound forms. After incubation of monomeric 125I-hGH with normal serum, gel chromatography indicated a peak of bound 125I-hGH (at approximately 120,000 mol wt), which was completely displaced by excess unlabeled hGH. When serum alone was chromatographed two peaks of specific binding were subsequently detected, the major peak, eluting between 74,000 and 85,000 mol wt corresponded to the 125I-hGH-binding protein complex observed at approximately 120,000 mol wt. Using a mini-gel filtration system for separating bound from free hormone, binding of 125I-hGH by normal human serum was dependent on time (equilibrium was reached in 2 h at 21 degrees C), temperature (21 degrees C greater than 37 degrees C), Ca2+ and serum concentrations. Binding was reversible and highly specific for hGH, not being displayed by GH or prolactins from several species. Scatchard analysis revealed linear plots with an affinity (KA) of 0.32 +/- 0.06 X 10(9) M-1 (n = 7). Human serum with low endogenous hGH levels, when added to rabbit liver membranes, decreased the binding of 125I-hGH in this tissue in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that human sera contain a specific, high affinity binding protein for hGH and that this may account, at least in part, for the known size heterogeneity of GH in serum. Its effect on GH binding to target tissues may indicate a role for the binding protein in the regulation of GH action.
Lexical Functions and Language Learning (1979)

The notion of lexical functions can be used by language teachers to help students learn proper lexical collocations and develop a richer vocabulary.' The notion is taken from the works of I. Mel',uk, A. Zolkovskij, Ju. Apresjan, and their colleagues.2 This article is in three parts: first we present the lexico-syntactic problem facing the student and try to show how the principle of lexical functions relates to it; then we give examples of various lexical functions; finally we present illustrative pedagogical materials. The language learner generally has at his disposal two standard printed sources of information about the target language, a grammar and a dictionary. If a student of Russian wants to say that something is 'under the table' in the target language, the dictionary gives him pod 'under' and stol 'table'; the dictionary and the grammar tell him that pod takes the instrumental case and the grammar provides the ending -om. If, however, the student wants to place an order for something, neither the grammar nor the dictionary will tell him what verb to use with zakaz 'order.' Neither under the entry 'order' nor under the entry 'place' in MiUller's widely used English-Russian dictionary can one find the collocation delat' zakaz. (The fact that he can look up the paraphrase 'to order,' find the verb zakazat', and make do with that, is beside the point here). To conduct this vain search, the dictionary user must examine twenty-four sub-entries under 'take,' not counting idioms. In other cases, the dictionary does provide this sort of information. If the student wants to know what to do to a vyvod 'conclusion,' i.e. how to say 'draw a conclusion,' the Muiller dictionary contains delat' vyvod under both 'conclusion' and 'draw.' But if the dictionary user elects to look up 'draw' first (a long entry), rather than 'conclusion' (a relatively short entry), he will have to examine eighteen of the twenty-eight sub-entries before hitting upon delat' vyvod. In still other cases the dictionary is misleading. If the user wants to know what to do to a razgovor 'conversation,' i.e. English 'have/carry on a conversation,' he will find the expression vesti pustoj razgovor under the entry razgovor for English 'make (idle) conversation.' The semantic element of superficiality is rendered in Russian by the adjective pustoj, and in English
In vivo regulation of interleukin 1β in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (2009)

The investigation of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in human inflammatory diseases is hampered by the fact that it is virtually undetectable in human plasma. We demonstrate that by administering the anti-human IL-1beta antibody canakinumab (ACZ885) to humans, the resulting formation of IL-1beta-antibody complexes allowed the detection of in vivo-produced IL-1beta. A two-compartment mathematical model was generated that predicted a constitutive production rate of 6 ng/d IL-1beta in healthy subjects. In contrast, patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), a rare monogenetic disease driven by uncontrolled caspase-1 activity and IL-1 production, produced a mean of 31 ng/d. Treatment with canakinumab not only induced long-lasting complete clinical response but also reduced the production rate of IL-1beta to normal levels within 8 wk of treatment, suggesting that IL-1beta production in these patients was mainly IL-1beta driven. The model further indicated that IL-1beta is the only cytokine driving disease severity and duration of response to canakinumab. A correction for natural IL-1 antagonists was not required to fit the data. Together, the study allowed new insights into the production and regulation of IL-1beta in man. It also indicated that CAPS is entirely mediated by IL-1beta and that canakinumab treatment restores physiological IL-1beta production.
Protective immunity induced by Bacillus anthracis toxin-deficient strains (1995)

The two toxins secreted by Bacillus anthracis are composed of binary combinations of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). Six mutant strains that are deficient in the production of one or two of these toxin components have been previously constructed and characterized (C. Pezard, E. Duflot, and M. Mock, J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:2459-2463, 1993). In this work, we examined the antibody response to the in vivo production of PA, LF, and EF in mice immunized with spores of strains producing these proteins. High titers of antibody to PA were observed after immunization with all strains producing PA, while titers of antibodies to EF and LF were weak in animals immunized with strains producing only EF or LF. In contrast, immunization with strains producing either PA and EF or PA and LF resulted in an increased antibody response to EF or LF, respectively. The differing levels of protection from a lethal anthrax challenge afforded to mice immunized with spores of the mutant strains not only confirm the role of PA as the major protective antigen in the humoral response but also indicate a significant contribution of LF and EF to immunoprotection. We observed, however, that PA-deficient strains were also able to provide some protection, thereby suggesting that immune mechanisms other than the humoral response may be involved in immunity to anthrax. Finally, a control strain lacking the toxin-encoding plasmid was unable to provide protection or elicit an antibody response against bacterial antigens, indicating a possible role for pXO1 in the survival of B. anthracis in a host.
Cytokine accumulations in CSF of multiple sclerosis patients (1990)

We identified the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by specific radioimmunoassays in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases (OND). There was a high incidence of detectable IL-1 beta in patients with active MS compared with inactive MS or OND patients. TNF was also more frequently present in active MS than in OND CSF. By contrast, most MS CSF did not contain detectable IL-6. There was no correlation between the degree of CSF pleocytosis and the level of individual cytokines, suggesting that cytokine accumulations may be derived from CNS, and not CSF, cells. As IL-1 beta and TNF experimentally induce astrogliosis, demyelination, temperature elevation, lassitude, and sleep, and results raise the possibility that these cytokines may contribute to a variety of manifestations in MS and in other disease states.
Integrated High-Quality Acquisition of Geometry and Appearance for Cultural Heritage (2011)

Current research trends demonstrate that, for a wide range of applications in cultural heritage, 3D shape acquisition alone is not sufficient. To generate a digital replica of a real world object the digitized geometric models have to be complemented with information pertaining to optical properties of the object surface. We therefore propose an integrated system for acquiring both the 3D shape and reflectance properties necessary for obtaining a photo-realistic digital replica. The proposed method is suitable for the digitization of objects showing the complex reflectance behavior, for example specularities and meso-scale interreflections, often encountered in the field of cultural heritage. We demonstrate the performance of our system with four challenging examples. By using Bidirectional Texture Functions, our structured light based approach is able to achieve good geometric precision while preserving tiny details such as scratches and engravings.
Species-Specific Transcription in Mice Carrying Human Chromosome 21 (2008)

Homologous sets of transcription factors direct conserved tissue-specific gene expression, yet transcription factor-binding events diverge rapidly between closely related species. We used hepatocytes from an aneuploid mouse strain carrying human chromosome 21 to determine, on a chromosomal scale, whether interspecies differences in transcriptional regulation are primarily directed by human genetic sequence or mouse nuclear environment. Virtually all transcription factor-binding locations, landmarks of transcription initiation, and the resulting gene expression observed in human hepatocytes were recapitulated across the entire human chromosome 21 in the mouse hepatocyte nucleus. Thus, in homologous tissues, genetic sequence is largely responsible for directing transcriptional programs; interspecies differences in epigenetic machinery, cellular environment, and transcription factors themselves play secondary roles.
Parallel controllable texture synthesis (2005)

We present a texture synthesis scheme based on neighborhood matching, with contributions in two areas: parallelism and control. Our scheme defines an infinite, deterministic, aperiodic texture, from which windows can be computed in real-time on a GPU. We attain high-quality synthesis using a new analysis structure called the Gaussian stack, together with a coordinate upsampling step and a subpass correction approach. Texture variation is achieved by multiresolution jittering of exemplar coordinates. Combined with the local support of parallel synthesis, the jitter enables intuitive user controls including multiscale randomness, spatial modulation over both exemplar and output, feature drag-and-drop, and periodicity constraints. We also introduce synthesis magnification, a fast method for amplifying coarse synthesis results to higher resolution.
Protection of chickens against infectious bronchitis virus with a multivalent DNA vaccine and boosting with an inactivated vaccine (2013)

The protective efficacy of DNA plasmids encoding avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1, N, or M protein was investigated in chickens. Chickens were inoculated monovalently (with plasmid pVAX1-16S1, pVAX1-16M, or pVAX1-16N alone) or multivalently (combination of the three different plasmids, pVAX1-16S1/M/N). A prime-boost immunization protocol against IBV was developed. Chickens were immunized with the multivalent DNA vaccine twice and then boosted with an inactivated vaccine once. Antibody titers of the chickens immunized with pVAX1-16S1/M/N were much higher than those of the monovalent groups (p < 0.01). A protective rate up to 90% was observed in the pVAX1-16S1/M/N group. The serum antibody titers in the prime-boost birds were significantly higher than those of the multivalent DNA vaccine group (p < 0.01) but not significantly different compared to the inactivated vaccine group at 49 days of age. Additionally, the prime-boost group also showed the highest level of IBV-specific cellular proliferation compared to the monovalent groups (p < 0.01) but no significant difference was found compared to the multivalent DNA vaccine group, and the prime-boost group completely protected from followed viral challenge.
High mobility amorphous zinc oxynitride semiconductor material for thin film transistors (2009)

Zinc oxynitride semiconductor material is produced through a reactive sputtering process in which competition between reactions responsible for the growth of hexagonal zinc oxide (ZnO) and for the growth of cubic zinc nitride (Zn3N2) is promoted. In contrast to processes in which the reaction for either the oxide or the nitride is dominant, the multireaction process yields a substantially amorphous or a highly disordered nanocrystalline film with higher Hall mobility, 47 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the as-deposited film produced at 50 °C and 110 cm2 V−1 s−1 after annealing at 400 °C. In addition, it has been observed that the Hall mobility of the material increases as the carrier concentration decreases in a carrier concentration range where a multicomponent metal oxide semiconductor, indium–gallium–zinc oxide, follows the opposite trend. This indicates that the carrier transports in the single-metal compound and the multimetal compound are probably dominated by different mechanisms. Film stability and thin film transistor performance of the material have also been tested, and results are presented herein.
Assessment of antioxidative ability in brain: Imaging of glutathione localization with technetium-99M meso-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (1994)

An oxidative stress is postulated to be important in tissue injury after ischemia and reperfusion, inflammation, aging and various disease. Glutathione (GSH), one of the major antioxidants in the brain, is presumed to be responsible for the metabolism and retention of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO. In order to visualize the regional localization of GSH in the brain, the relationship between the concentrations of tissue GSH and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO was studied in mice. Increasing load of diethyl maleate (DEM), a reducing agent of GSH and several other thiols, before [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO injection, led to a dose dependent decrease of GSH and [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO. At the highest dose of loaded DEM, the uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO in the brain was decreased to 20-30% of the control. In contrast, pretreatment with DEM did little affect the [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO uptake. To elucidate the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO in brain, we studied the in vitro interactions of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH, ascorbate and cysteine by measuring octanol-extractable radioactivity, which is remaining intact [Tc-99m] HM-PAO, as a function of incubation period. The disappearance raw of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [TC-99m] d,l-HM-PAO were 0.18 and 0.96%/min, respectively. Either meso or d,l-isomermore » did not interact with ascorbate or cysteine. This result suggested that the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] meso- and d,l-isomers in brain was related to their specific interaction with GSH, and did not related to non-specific interaction with various thiols or other reducing agents. This extremely high reaction rate of [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH could explain the capability of a small amount of GSH to trap [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO in maximum DEM loading. These results indicated that [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO would be suitable to image the concentration of GSH in the brain, as opposed d,l-isomer that images blood flow.« less
New Synthetic Method for Dehydrotryptophan Derivatives. Synthetic Studies on Indoles and Related Compounds. XXXIV. (1994)

Dehydrotryptophans (9) having various substituents on the indole ring were synthesized by vinylation of the corresponding indole derivatives (6) with N-acetyldehydroalanine methyl ester (7a) by the use of a stoichiometric amount of palladium salt in acetic acid (stoichiometric condition). Although vinylation of 4-, 5-, and 7-bromoindoles (6b, g, l, m) with 7a occurred chemoselectively at the C3-position to give the corresponding bromodehydrotryptophans (9b, g, l, m) under the stoichiometric condition, the palladium-catalyzed vinylation of 4-bromoindoles (6b, i) occurred at the bromine-bearing carbon at the C4-position [0.1 eq PdCl2(PPh3)2 in Et3N-dimethylformamide]. Vinylation of 3-bromoindoles (17a, b) with 7a, or ethoxycarbonyl-(7b) or tert-butoxycarbonyldehydroalanine methyl ester (7c) also gave the dehydrotryptophan (18a-d) in good yields under catalytic conditions. One of two possible regioisomers of the vinylated products was isolated in all cases, and the geometry was determined as Z based on the coupling constant of the ester carbonyl carbon and the olefinic proton in the 13C-NMR spectrum.
The ObjectStore database system (1991)

article Free Access Share on The ObjectStore database system Authors: Charles Lamb Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MA Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MAView Profile , Gordon Landis Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MA Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MAView Profile , Jack Orenstein Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MA Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MAView Profile , Dan Weinreb Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MA Object Design, Inc., Burlington, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 34Issue 10Oct. 1991pp 50–63https://doi.org/10.1145/125223.125244Published:01 October 1991Publication History 404citation3,749DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations404Total Downloads3,749Last 12 Months924Last 6 weeks282 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Myotubular myopathy and the neuromuscular junction: a novel therapeutic approach from mouse models (2012)

Myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a severe congenital muscle disease characterized by profound weakness, early respiratory failure and premature lethality. MTM is defined by muscle biopsy findings that include centralized nuclei and disorganization of perinuclear organelles. No treatments currently exist for MTM. We hypothesized that aberrant neuromuscular junction (NMJ) transmission is an important and potentially treatable aspect of the disease pathogenesis. We tested this hypothesis in two murine models of MTM. In both models we uncovered evidence of a disorder of NMJ transmission: fatigable weakness, improved strength with neostigmine, and electrodecrement with repetitive nerve stimulation. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormalities in the organization, appearance and size of individual NMJs, abnormalities that correlated with changes in acetylcholine receptor gene expression and subcellular localization. We additionally determined the ability of pyridostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to ameliorate aspects of the behavioral phenotype related to NMJ dysfunction. Pyridostigmine treatment resulted in significant improvement in fatigable weakness and treadmill endurance. In all, these results describe a newly identified pathological abnormality in MTM, and uncover a potential disease-modifying therapy for this devastating disorder.
Potential of Mean Force of Polyethylenimine-Mediated DNA Attraction (2012)

The aggregation of DNA molecules induced by cationic polymers is of importance to applications in gene delivery. In this work, we performed a series of umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the potential of mean force (PMF) between two DNA molecules in the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules using the weighted histogram analysis method. The distance between the centers of mass of the two DNAs was chosen as the reaction coordinate, and the location and depth of the global minimum in the PMF curve were used to gauge the compactness and stability of the formed aggregate. The effects of PEI to DNA charge ratio (N/P charge ratio) and protonation state of the PEI were investigated. The DNA aggregation was found to be more favorable at higher PEI/DNA charge ratios and higher PEI protonation ratios. As compared with small multivalent ions, PEIs give rise to stronger DNA attraction even with an N/P charge ratio at which the DNAs are overneutralized. The effect of changing the protonation ratio on the compactness of the aggregate is more prominent than changing the N/P charge ratio, while the depth of the PMF well is more strongly influenced by the N/P charge ratio.
Quantile based histogram equalization for noise robust large vocabulary speech recognition (2006)

The noise robustness of automatic speech recognition systems can be improved by reducing an eventual mismatch between the training and test data distributions during feature extraction. Based on the quantiles of these distributions the parameters of transformation functions can be reliably estimated with small amounts of data. This paper will give a detailed review of quantile equalization applied to the Mel scaled filter bank, including considerations about the application in online systems and improvements through a second transformation step that combines neighboring filter channels. The recognition tests have shown that previous experimental observations on small vocabulary recognition tasks can be confirmed on the larger vocabulary Aurora 4 noisy Wall Street Journal database. The word error rate could be reduced from 45.7% to 25.5% (clean training) and from 19.5% to 17.0% (multicondition training).
Loss‐of‐function mutations in the Na v 1.7 gene underlie congenital indifference to pain in multiple human populations (2007)

Congenital indifference to pain (CIP) is a rare condition in which patients have severely impaired pain perception, but are otherwise essentially normal. We identified and collected DNA from individuals from nine families of seven different nationalities in which the affected individuals meet the diagnostic criteria for CIP. Using homozygosity mapping and haplotype sharing methods, we narrowed the CIP locus to chromosome 2q24-q31, a region known to contain a cluster of voltage-gated sodium channel genes. From these prioritized candidate sodium channels, we identified 10 mutations in the SCN9A gene encoding the sodium channel protein Nav1.7. The mutations completely co-segregated with the disease phenotype, and nine of these SCN9A mutations resulted in truncation and loss-of-function of the Nav1.7 channel. These genetic data further support the evidence that Nav1.7 plays an essential role in mediating pain in humans, and that SCN9A mutations identified in multiple different populations underlie CIP.
Estimation of speed and incline of walking using neural network (1995)

A portable data logger is designed to record body accelerations during human walking. Five subjects walk first on a treadmill at various speeds on the level, and at positive and negative inclines. Then, the subjects performed a self-pace walking on an outdoor test circuit involving roads of various inclines. The recorded signals are parameterized, and the pattern of walking at each gait cycle is found. These patterns are presented to two neural networks which estimate the incline and the speed of walking. The results show a good estimation of the incline and the speed for all of the subjects. The correlation between predicted and actual inclines is r=0.98, and the maximum of speed-predicted error is 16%. To the best of our knowledge these results constitute the first speed and incline estimation of level and slope-unconstrained walking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>