gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption ofMsx-1 andMsx-2 reveals roles for these genes in craniofacial, eye, and axial development (1997)

In mouse embryos, the muscle segment homeobox genes, Msx-1 and Msx-2 are expressed during critical stages of neural tube, neural crest, and craniofacial development, suggesting that these genes play important roles in organogenesis and cell differentiation. Although the patterns of expression are intriguing, little is known about the function of these genes in vertebrate embryonic development. Therefore, the expression of both genes, separately and together, was disrupted using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and whole embryo culture techniques. Antisense attenuation of Msx-1 during early stages of neurulation produced hypoplasia of the maxillary, mandibular, and frontonasal prominences, eye anomalies, and somite and neural tube abnormalities. Eye defects consisted of enlarged optic vesicles, which may ultimately result in micropthalmia similar to that observed in Small eye mice homozygous for mutations in the Pax-6 gene. Histological sections and SEM analysis revealed a thinning of the neuroepithelium in the diencephalon and optic vesicle and mesenchymal deficiencies in the craniofacial region. Injections of Msx-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides produced similar malformations as those targeting Msx-1, with the exception that there was an increase in number and severity of neural tube and somite defects. Embryos injected with the combination of Msx-1 + Msx-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides showed no novel abnormalities, suggesting that the genes do not operate in a redundant manner.
Antitumor Benzothiazoles. 3. Synthesis of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles and Evaluation of Their Activities against Breast Cancer Cell Lines in Vitro and in Vivo (1996)

A new series of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles substituted in the phenyl ring and benzothiazole moiety has been synthesized by simple, high-yielding routes. The parent molecule 5a shows potent inhibitory activity in vitro in the nanomolar range against a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, but is inactive (IC50 > 30 microM) against other cell types: activity against the sensitive breast lines MCF-7 and MDA 468 is characterized by a biphasic dose-response relationship. Structure-activity relationships derived using these cell types has revealed that activity follows the heterocyclic sequence benzothiazole > benzoxazole >> benzimidazole and that 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles bearing a 3'-methyl- 9a, 3'-bromo- 9c, 3'-iodo- 9f, and 3'-chloro-substituent 9i are especially potent and their activity extends to ovarian, lung, and renal cell lines. Four compounds have been evaluated in vivo against human mammary carcinoma models in nude mice. Compound 9a showed the most potent growth inhibition against the ER+ (MCF-7 and BO) and ER- (MT-1 and MT-3) tumors. Our efforts to identify a pharmacological mechanism of action for these intriguing compounds have not, as yet, been successful.
Imaging for trans-catheter pulmonary stent-valve implantation without angiography: role of intravascular ultrasound (2011)

Patients with stenosed biologic pulmonary conduits require redo cardiac surgery to prevent severe right ventricular dysfunction. Following the latest trends, the trans-catheter pulmonary stent-valve implantation represents a new fascinating alternative carrying a lower operative risk, compared with the standard open-heart re-intervention. Traditionally, the pulmonary stent valve is positioned off pump, under fluoroscopic control, and requires angiographies. However, alternative tools not requiring contrast injections for the intra-operative cardiac imaging have to be also considered strongly. The usefulness of intravascular ultrasound for the positioning of aortic endoprosthesis has already been proven in previous reports and, following the same principle, we have started to routinely implant balloon-expandable stent valves (Edwards Sapien™ THV) in stenosed pulmonary valve conduits using intravascular ultrasound for the stent-valve positioning without angiography. We describe the intra-operative intravascular imaging technique with technical details.
Homocysteine Lowering and Cardiovascular Events after Acute Myocardial Infarction (2006)

Treatment with B vitamins did not lower the risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease after acute myocardial infarction. A harmful effect from combined B vitamin treatment was suggested. Such treatment should therefore not be recommended. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00266487.).
Endogenous stem cell proliferation after central nervous system injury: alternative therapeutic options (2005)

The continuous regeneration of glial cells arising from endogenous stem cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs throughout life in mammals. In the ongoing research to apply stem cell therapy to neurological diseases, the capacity to harness the multipotential ability of endogenous stem cell populations has become apparent. Such cell populations proliferate in response to a variety of injury states in the CNS, but in the absence of a supportive microenvironment they contribute little to any significant behavioral recovery. In the authors' laboratory and elsewhere, recent research on the regenerative potential of these stem cells in disease states such as spinal cord injury has demonstrated that the cells' proliferative potential may be greatly upregulated in response to appropriate growth signals and exogenously applied trophic factors. Further understanding of the potential of such multipotent cells and the mechanisms responsible for creating a favorable microenvironment for them may lead to additional therapeutic alternatives in the setting of neurological diseases. These therapies would require no exogenous stem cell sources and thus would avoid the ethical and moral considerations regarding their use. In this review the authors provide a brief overview of the enhancement of endogenous stem cell proliferation following neurological insult.
P‐185: Low‐Drive‐Voltage OLEDs with a Buffer Layer Having Molybdenum Oxide (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a useful composite layer, comprising hole‐transporting materials with molybdenum oxide. By using the composite as a buffer layer on an anode, an OLED with low drive voltage can be obtained, and pixel defect formation can be effectively suppressed.
Regret Analysis of Stochastic and Nonstochastic Multi-armed Bandit Problems (2012)

Multi-armed bandit problems are the most basic examples of sequential decision problems with an exploration-exploitation trade-off. This is the balance between staying with the option that gave highest payoffs in the past and exploring new options that might give higher payoffs in the future. Although the study of bandit problems dates back to the Thirties, exploration-exploitation trade-offs arise in several modern applications, such as ad placement, website optimization, and packet routing. Mathematically, a multi-armed bandit is defined by the payoff process associated with each option. In this survey, we focus on two extreme cases in which the analysis of regret is particularly simple and elegant: i.i.d. payoffs and adversarial payoffs. Besides the basic setting of finitely many actions, we also analyze some of the most important variants and extensions, such as the contextual bandit model.
Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. In vitro cytotoxic effects of T lymphocytes on thyroid monolayers. (1983)

Effector mechanisms in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) were studied in vitro by establishing a cytotoxicity system with thyroid target cells. Lymph node cells (LNC) from popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes were obtained from CBA/J mice (8-10 wk old) 12-18 d after immunization with 120 micrograms mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) in complete Freund's adjuvant (0.2 ml to both hind footpads and thighs) and were cultured with MTg (10-50 micrograms/ml). On day 5 of culture, viable LNC were added to labeled thyroid monolayers and their cytoxicity was assayed after 16 h. Functional thyroid target cells, as reflected by MTg production for up to 9 d, were prepared by adding 1 mM dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and 60 microU thyroid-stimulating hormone/ml to the culture medium. On days 5-7, confluent monolayers were labeled with 111In and used as targets. Specific 111In-release ranged from 56 to 85%. The cytotoxic response is MTg specific and H-2 restricted. Pretreatment of thyroid target cells with rabbit antiserum to MTg completely inhibited cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with mouse antiserum to either Kk or Dk products resulted in approximately 50% inhibition, whereas the combined use of both antisera led to total inhibition. No cytotoxicity was observed when control BALB/c thyroid cultures were the target cells. The kinetics of the expansion of Thy-1+ cytotoxic cells by in vitro exposure to MTg were then studied. The cytotoxic response required 5 d to develop and was abolished by treating LNC on day 4 with monoclonal antibody to Lyt-1.1, but not to Lyt-2.1, plus complement. In contrast, by day 5, cytotoxicity was abrogated by similar treatment with antiserum to Lyt-2.1, but not to Lyt-1.1. We conclude that cytotoxic cells derived from MTg-immunized mice are Lyt-2-bearing cells but require the presence of Lyt-1-bearing cells for their generation and/or differentiation.
Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content and expression of the ras oncogene product in lung cancer. (1991)

We evaluated the prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and ras oncogene expression in paraffin-embedded sections of tumors obtained surgically from 112 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Sixty-five (77%) of the 84 tumors had DNA aneuploid patterns that were statistically higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 91 patients analyzed immunohistochemically using anti-ras Mr 21,000 protein (p21) monoclonal antibody rp-35, positive reactions (weak and strong) were observed in 56% of squamous cell carcinomas and 68% of adenocarcinomas. A better 5-yr survival rate was observed in the DNA diploid group (61%) than in the DNA aneuploid group (35%) (P less than 0.01). Patients with p21-negative tumors survived significantly longer (5-yr survival rate of 64%) than did those with p21-weak tumors (38%, P less than 0.05) or those with p21-strong tumors (12%, P less than 0.01). Cox's multivariate analysis showed that DNA ploidy, ras p21 expression, and the stage of the disease were significant prognostic factors for survival. However, the DNA content was not a major independent prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma. The intensity of ras p21 expression was not correlated with nuclear DNA content. These results suggest that DNA content or enhanced ras p21 expression may be different biological markers indicating the malignant potential of lung tumors.
Characterization of raw sludge, chemically modified sludge and anaerobically digested sludge in Hong Kong (1998)

Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) or Chemically Assisted Primary Sedimentation (CAPS) is being employed at the new sewage work on Stonecutters Island as part of the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme (SSDS) in Hong Kong. CAPS involves the use of chemical coagulants (such as lime or ferric chloride) to induce coagulation or flocculation and let these finely-divided particles form large aggregates (floc) so that they can settle out within a reasonable period of time. In this study, five sludge samples collected from different sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong were physically and chemically characterized. They were chemically modified sludge from Stonecutters Island (CAPS) raw sludge from Tai Po and Yuen Long Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) (rTP &amp; rYL) and anaerobically digested sludge from Tai Po and Yuen Long STP (dTP &amp; dYL). It was found that CAPS sludge was better than other 4 sludge samples in terms of settleability and dewaterability. CAPS sludge contained significant higher amounts (p&amp;lt;0.01) of extractable compounds than other sludges (except NO3− for dTP, NH4+ and PO43− for dYL). The concentration of total N and P in CAPS sludge were significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.01) than other sludges (except dYL). The concentrations of total Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and K in the CAPS sludge were also significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.01) than other sludge samples. Most of the metals (Cr, Pb, Cr and Zn) in CAPS sludge were associated with the organically-bounded phase. It is concluded that there are significant differences in both physical and chemical properties between the chemically modified sludge and biological treated sludges.
Photochromic Materials: More Than Meets The Eye (2012)

Photochromic materials are a family of compounds which can undergo reversible photo-switches between two different states or isomers with remarkably different properties. Inspired by their smart photo-switchable characteristics, a variety of light-driven functional materials have been exploited, such as ultrahigh-density optical data storage, molecular switches, logic gates, molecular wires, optic/electronic devices, sensors, bio-imaging and so on. This review commences with a brief description of exciting progress in this field, from systems in solution to modified functional surfaces. Further development of these photo-switchable systems into practical applications as well as existing challenges are also discussed and put in prospect.
Progress toward the production of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic plants (2004)

Long-chain PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids are prevalent in fish oils, and these compounds have been demonstrated to play important roles in human health and nutrition. In particular, these n-3/omega-3 long-chain PUFA provide protection from cardiovascular disease and a collection of symptoms (termed metabolic syndrome) associated with progression toward type 2 diabetes and obesity. Within Western populations, a large increase in the occurrence of these conditions represents a major public health concern. Unfortunately, both marine fish stocks and (consequentially) consumption of fish oils are in steep decline, limiting the protective role of long-chain PUFA in human health. One alternative approach to the provision of these health-beneficial FA is via their synthesis in transgenic plants. This review will describe recent advances in the production of transgenic plant oils nutritionally enhanced to produce long-chain PUFA.
Hsp70 and CHIP Selectively Mediate Ubiquitination and Degradation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF)-1α but Not HIF-2α (2009)

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that mediate adaptive responses to reduced oxygen availability. HIF-alpha subunits are stabilized under conditions of acute hypoxia. However, prolonged hypoxia leads to decay of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha protein levels by unknown mechanisms. Here, we identify Hsp70 and CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) as HIF-1alpha-interacting proteins. Hsp70, through recruiting the ubiquitin ligase CHIP, promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha, thereby inhibiting HIF-1-dependent gene expression. Disruption of Hsp70-CHIP interaction blocks HIF-1alpha degradation mediated by Hsp70 and CHIP. Inhibition of Hsp70 or CHIP synthesis by RNA interference increases protein levels of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha and attenuates the decay of HIF-1alpha levels during prolonged hypoxia. Thus, Hsp70- and CHIP-dependent ubiquitination represents a molecular mechanism by which prolonged hypoxia selectively reduces the levels of HIF-1alpha but not HIF-2alpha protein.
Synthesis of substituted 4- and 6-azaindoles (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of substituted 4- and 6-azaindolesBenjamin Frydman, Santiago J. Reil, Juan Boned, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 10, 3762–3766Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01274a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01274a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views609Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Maize sucrose synthase-1 promoter directs phloem cell-specific expression of Gus gene in transgenic tobacco plants. (1990)

Tobacco plants were transformed by using a chimeric gene construction, in which a corn sucrose synthase-1 gene (Sh) promoter was used to direct expression of the beta-glucuronidase (Gus) reporter gene. Expression of Sh-Gus activity in these plants was found to be cell type specfifc. GUS activity was detected only in the phloem cells but not in any other cell types of vegetative tissues. In addition, Sh-Gus expression was found to be anaerobically inducible in tobacco roots. Sh-Gus was also expressed at high levels in the endosperm tissue of maturing tobacco seeds. We thus demonstrated that the corn Sh promoter can direct cell-type-specific and inducible expression in a heterologous dicotyledonous plant.
Developmental Anatomy of the Shoot of Zea mays L (1942)

Journal Article Developmental Anatomy of the Shoot of Zea mays L Get access B. C. SHARMAN B. C. SHARMAN Department of Botany, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 6, Issue 2, April 1942, Pages 245–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088407 Published: 01 April 1942
Nitrite accumulation by aeration controlled in sequencing batch reactors treating domestic wastewater (2004)

The feasibility of obtaining and keeping stable nitrite accumulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) treating domestic wastewater is studied. The final product of ammonium oxidation is either reproducible nitrate or nitrite depending on the aeration strategy. With the aerobic-anoxic sequence, two SBRs fed with domestic wastewater are operated in parallel. One SBR (SBR1) is controlled by the aeration control strategy, and the other SBR (SBR2) by alternate aeration control strategy. Based on the on-line indirect measurements of DO and pH, the relationship between pH (or DO) and nitrogen concentration (NH4+-N, NO(3-)-N and NO(2-)-N) is investigated. The result indicates that pH and DO can be used as control parameters for the real-time aeration control strategy to obtain nitritation in SBR treating domestic wastewater. The result of SBR1 indicates that long-term stable nitritation is possible at 32+/-1 degrees C. The result of SBR2 indicates that the aeration control strategy is necessary for nitritation during the acclimation period, because the nitrite accumulation disappears when the aeration is extended.
Correlation of Octanol/Water Solubility Ratios and Partition Coefficients (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of Octanol/Water Solubility Ratios and Partition CoefficientsSirirat Pinsuwan, An Li, and Samuel H. YalkowskyCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 3, 623–626Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00019a019https://doi.org/10.1021/je00019a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views892Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated serum TNF-alpha concentrations are predictive of shortened survival in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. (1998)

The levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured immunoradiometrically in the sera of 82 myelodysplastic (MDS) patients at diagnosis in an attempt to identify possible relationships between serum cytokine levels and clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients. We found that serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the group of MDS patients than in the normal controls (p < 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively), while serum IL-1 alpha and IL-2 levels did not differ statistically between patients and control subjects. Elevated serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were mainly seen in patients with high-risk myelodysplasia (MDS), i.e. patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), refractor anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), or refrochopy anemia with excess of blasts in transformation to acute leukemia (RAEB-t) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients with low-risk disease, i.e. patients with refractory anemia (RA) or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), had serum cytokine levels comparable to those of controls. Patients' serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha correlated inversely with the hemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and positively with the absolute number of circulating myeloblasts (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) and the proportion of bone marrow (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) myeloblasts. A negative correlation was also noted between serum TNF-alpha concentrations and patients' survival in high-risk MDS (p < 0.02). We concluded that elevated serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha values are seen mainly in patients with high-risk disease, and that high serum TNF-alpha concentrations are predictive of shortened survival in this group of patients.
Revealing interactions among brain systems with nonlinear PCA (1999)

In this work, we present a nonlinear principal component analysis (PCA) that identifies underlying sources causing the expression of spatial modes or patterns of activity in neuroimaging time series where these sources can interact to produce second-order modes.This nonlinear PCA uses a neural network architecture that embodies a specific form for the mixing of sources that is based on a second-order approximation to any general nonlinear mixing.The modes obtained have a unique rotation and scaling that does not depend on the biologically implausible constraints adopted by conventional PCA.Interactions among sources render the expression of any mode or brain system sensitive to the expression of others.The example considers interactions among functionally specialized brain systems (using a fMRI study of colour and motion processing).Hum.