gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid‐mediated induction of neurons and glial cells from human umbilical cord‐derived hematopoietic stem cells (2003)

Recent studies reporting trans-differentiation of mononucleated cells derived from human umbilical cord blood into neuronal cells aroused interest among investigators for their clinical implication and significance in regenerative medicine. In the present study, purified populations of hematopoietic stem cells were isolated via magnetic bead sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) using a specific CD133 antibody, a cell type-specific marker for hematopoietic stem cells, and grown in culture in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells expressed neuronal and glial phenotypes after RA treatment. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the RA treated CD133+ cells expressed mRNA transcripts for ATP-binding cassettes transporter ABCG2 (a universal stem cell marker), nestin (a specific cell type marker for neural stem cells), Musashi1 (a specific marker for neural stem cells) and RA receptors (RAR) including RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-gamma. RA-treated CD133+ cells expressed mRNA transcripts for neuron-specific markers neurofilament proteins (NF-L, -M, -H) and synaptophysin as determined by RT-PCR, structural proteins characteristic of neurons including tubulin beta III and neuron specific enolase (NSE) by Western blot, and neuron-specific markers NeuN and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) by immunocytochemistry. RA-treated CD133+ cells also expressed the astrocyte-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as demonstrated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. In addition, RA-treated CD133+ cells expressed cell type-specific markers for oligodendrocytes including myelin basic protein (MBP) as shown by RT-PCR, proteolipid protein (PLP) by Western blot analysis, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase) by immunostaining. Upregulated expression of several basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors important for early neurogenesis, including Otx2, Pax6, Wnt1, Olig2, Hash1 and NeuroD1, was also demonstrated in CD133+ cells after RA treatment. These results indicate that human cord blood-derived CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells could trans-differentiate into neural cell types of neuron-like cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes by RA treatment.
Neural stem cell transplantation can ameliorate the phenotype of a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy (2008)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor neuron disease (MND) and one of the most common genetic causes of infant mortality, currently has no cure. Patients with SMA exhibit muscle weakness and hypotonia. Stem cell transplantation is a potential therapeutic strategy for SMA and other MNDs. In this study, we isolated spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) from mice expressing green fluorescent protein only in motor neurons and assessed their therapeutic effects on the phenotype of SMA mice. Intrathecally grafted NSCs migrated into the parenchyma and generated a small proportion of motor neurons. Treated SMA mice exhibited improved neuromuscular function, increased life span, and improved motor unit pathology. Global gene expression analysis of laser-capture-microdissected motor neurons from treated mice showed that the major effect of NSC transplantation was modification of the SMA phenotype toward the wild-type pattern, including changes in RNA metabolism proteins, cell cycle proteins, and actin-binding proteins. NSC transplantation positively affected the SMA disease phenotype, indicating that transplantation of NSCs may be a possible treatment for SMA.
Covalent functionalization of graphene with poly(methyl methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization at room temperature (2012)

Graphene was covalently functionalized with phenol groups by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction without degrading its electronic properties. Here, these phenols on the functionalized graphene have been further derivatized with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide resulting in the attachment of atom transfer radical polymerization initiators to the sides of the graphene. These graphene based macroinitiators were used to initiate polymerization of methyl methacrylate at room temperature, which was found to be active and thus resulted in covalent functionalization of graphene with poly(methyl methacrylate). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to follow the introduction of macroinitiators and poly(methyl methacrylate) chains. The resulting materials were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, high resolution transmission and field emission scanning electron microscopy and the solubility properties of the functionalized graphene were found to be significantly improved. All the results showed that graphene can be covalently functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) by the proposed approach.
Two randomized, controlled studies to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio™) in preventing Dermacentor reticulatus transmission of Babesia canis to dogs (2017)

Lotilaner efficacy was 100% in preventing establishment of B. canis infection, despite post-treatment challenge with infected ticks on Days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28.
Robust rank-reduction filtering for erratic noise (2012)

Rank-reduction filters operating on constant-frequency slices are highly effective at removing Gaussian random noise. Prestack seismic data, however, often contains spatially erratic noise which is far from Gaussian, sometimes causing these filters to give poor results. Here we describe new robust rank-reduction filters which can handle both Gaussian and erratic noise, and we present examples using synthetic and real data.
DISTANCE MAPS: A ROBUST ILLUMINATION PREPROCESSING FOR ACTIVE APPEARANCE MODELS (2006)

Methods of deformable appearance models are useful for realistically modelling shapes and textures of visual objects for reconstruction. A first application can be the fine analysis of face gestures and expressions from videos, as deformable appearance models make it possible to automatically and robustly locate several points of interest in face images. That opens development prospects of technologies in many applications like video coding of faces for videophony, animation of synthetic faces, word visual recognition, expressions and emotions analysis, tracking and recognition of faces. However, these methods are not very robust to variations in the illumination conditions, which are expectable in non constrained conditions. This article describes a robust preprocessing method designed to enhance the performances of deformable models methods in the case of lighting variations. The proposed preprocessing is applied to the Active Appearance Models (AAM). More precisely, the contribution consists in replacing texture images (pixels) by distance maps as input of the deformable appearance models methods. The distance maps are images containing information about the distance between edges in the original object images, which enhance the robustness of the AAMs models against lighting variations.
Carcinoembryonic antigen expression of resurgent human colon carcinoma after treatment with therapeutic doses of 90Y-alpha-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody. (1991)

We have previously shown that the colon carcinoma (LS174T) xenografts that emerged shortly after radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) ZCE025 lacked significant expression of CEA in comparison with the untreated tumors. The present study was designed to establish if the immunophenotype of the treated tumors was the result of CEA specific therapy and if the effect was permanent. Athymic mice bearing LS174T tumors were treated either with 120 mu Ci of 90Y-ZCE025, an equal dose of 90Y-96.5 (nonspecific MAb), or received no treatment. When the treated tumors grew to approximately 1.5 cm in diameter (6 weeks after therapy), they were resected and aliquoted to be transplanted to other mice, plated in tissue culture, fixed in formalin, and homogenized for CEA quantitation. The procedure was repeated 3 times (a total of 4 months after treatment). The CEA content was evaluated 2 and 6 weeks after therapy and when the tumors were transplanted. We confirmed a 4-fold decrease of CEA in the resurgent tumors 6 weeks after specific 90Y-ZCE025 therapy, which was twice the decrease experienced by the tumors treated with nonspecific 90Y-96.5, indicating substantial and specific killing of CEA-expressing cells. The CEA content slowly but progressively increased with each new pass of the tumor in the mice, reaching approximately one-half the value of the controls at the end of the study. The resurgent tumors were also studied by immunohistochemistry with MAbs detecting different epitopes of CEA, keratin, TAG-72, and epithelial membrane antigen to evaluate possible additional immunophenotypic changes induced by radioimmunotherapy. Only the expression of TAG-72 (recognized by MAb B72.3) increased immediately after therapy, but it returned to the original levels by the end of the study. These results suggest that: (a) specific radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ZCE025 selectively kills cells that express higher levels of CEA; (b) the immunophenotype of the surviving fraction of the tumor appears to slowly revert to its original form; and (c) other tumor markers unrelated to CEA can also be affected. These observations have important implications for the design of radioimmunotherapy trials.
Sonic hedgehog: a key mediator of anterior-posterior patterning of the limb and dorso-ventral patterning of axial embryonic structures (1994)

Sonic hedgehog is expressed in several sites during embryogenesis which are known to be important in directing the development of neighbouring tissues, including Hensen's node, the notochord, the floor plate of the neural tube, and the posterior of the limb bud. A unity in signalling mechanisms utilized by these inducers was first indicated because they all can provide a source of limb polarizing activity, assayed by grafting into the anterior of a limb bud. The hypothesis that they share a common signal is substantiated by the fact that they all express Sonic. Moreover, ectopic expression of Sonic in vivo suggests that it is responsible for the polarizing activity of the ZPA and plays an important role in dorso-ventral patterning of the spinal cord. The isolation of Sonic heralds a new era in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of these key inductive interactions in vertebrate development.
Stereoselective Nicotine‐Induced Release of Dopamine from Striatal Synaptosomes: Concentration Dependence and Repetitive Stimulation (1988)

Using a sensitive perfusion system we have studied the nicotine-induced release of [3H]dopamine ([( 3H]DA) from striatal synaptosomes. Nicotine-evoked release was concentration dependent with an EC50 of 3.8 microM. The response to 1 microM nicotine was comparable to that to 16 mM K+; 10 microM veratridine evoked a larger response. All three stimuli were Ca2+ dependent but only the response to veratridine was blocked by tetrodotoxin. Repetitive stimulations by 1 microM (-)-nicotine (100 microliters) at 30-min intervals resulted in similar levels of [3H]DA release; higher concentrations of (-)-nicotine resulted in an attenuation of the response particularly following the third stimulation. This may reflect desensitisation or tachyphylaxis of the presynaptic nicotinic receptor. The action of nicotine was markedly stereoselective: a 100-fold higher concentration of (+)-nicotine was necessary to evoke the same level of response as 1 microM (-)-nicotine. It is proposed that these presynaptic nicotinic receptors on striatal terminals are equivalent to high-affinity nicotine binding sites described in mammalian brain.
Structure and function of the cardiac sodium channels (1999)

The coincident cloning of the voltage-gated Na channel from the electric eel electroplax and development of patch-clamp methodology has allowed an explosive phase of investigation into the structural basis of cardiac Na channel function. Recognizing the importance of structural motifs that underlie gating (charged S4 segments, III-IV linker) and permeation (P-loops) have complemented new molecular information surrounding inherited cardiac arrhythmias, such as the chromosome 3-linked form of the long QT syndrome. Although the proarrhythmic potential recognized in the CAST trial [1] slowed the development of class I antiarrhythmic agents, our emerging understanding of the molecular pharmacology of Na channels may motivate strategies for Na-channel drug discovery that involve targeting particular structural domains.
Toward the experimental codon reassignment in vivo : protein building with an expanded amino acid repertoire (1999)

The high precision and fidelity of the genetic message transmission are ensured by numerous proofreading steps, from DNA replication and transcription to protein translation. The key event for translational fidelity is the proper codon assignment for 20 canonical amino acids. An experimental codon reassignment is possible for noncanonical amino acids in vivo using artificially constructed expression hosts under efficient selective pressure. However, such amino acids may interfere with the cellular metabolism and thus do not belong to the 'first' or 'restricted' part of the universal code, but rather to a second or 'relaxed' part, which is limited mainly by the downstream proofreading in the natural translational machinery. Correspondingly, not all possible alpha-amino acids can be introduced into proteins. The aim of this study is to discuss biological and evolutionary constraints on possible candidates for this second coding level of the universal code. Engineering of such a 'second' code is expected to have great academic as well as practical impact, ranging from protein folding studies to biomedicine.
Proliferative lesions and metalloproteinase activity in murine lupus nephritis mediated by type I interferons and macrophages (2010)

Glomerulonephritis is a major cause of morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although substantial progress has been made in the identification of pathogenic triggers that result in autoantibody production, little is known about the pathogenesis of aggressive proliferative processes that lead directly to irreversible glomerular damage and compromise of renal function. In this study, we describe a model of polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid-accelerated lupus nephritis in NZB/W mice that is characterized by severe glomerular proliferative lesions with de novo crescent formation, findings that are linked with decreased survival and adverse outcomes in lupus. Proliferative glomerulonephritis was associated with infiltrating kidney macrophages and renal expression of IFN-inducible genes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and growth factors. Crescent formation and renal MMP and growth factor expression were dependent on renal macrophages that expressed Il10, MMPs, osteopontin, and growth factors, including Pdgfc and Hbegf. Infiltrating macrophages and renal MMP expression were induced by type I IFN. These findings reveal a role for type I IFNs and alternatively activated macrophages in aggressive proliferative lesions of lupus nephritis.
Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the archaeon is an (αβ)2 heterotetrameric protein (1999)

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the methanogenic archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was purified to apparent homogeneity. The catalytically active enzyme is a heterotetramer composed of two subunits, alpha and beta. N-terminal sequence data were obtained for both subunits and the open reading frames MT770 and MT742 of the genome sequence of M. thermoautotrophicum were identified as coding for these proteins. Two ORFs with similarity to non-archaeal PheRSs alpha-subunits had previously been found in the genome sequence, but these results show that only one of them, MT742, is part of the active PheRS.
Differing mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment and sensitivity to conditioning by shear stress for endothelial cells treated with tumour necrosis factor‐α or interleukin‐1β (2005)

The cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1B) induce endothelial cells to recruit leukocytes. However, the exact adhesion and activation mechanisms induced by each cytokine, and their relative sensitivities to modulation by endothelial exposure to shear stress remain unclear. We cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in glass capillaries at various shear stresses, with TNFalpha or IL-1B added for the last 4 h. Subsequently, human neutrophils were perfused over the HUVEC, and adhesion and migration were recorded. Both cytokines induced dose-dependent capture of neutrophils. However, while conditioning of HUVEC by increasing shear stress for 24 h diminished their response to TNFalpha, the response of HUVEC to IL-1B was similar at all shear stresses. The differing sensitivities were evident at levels of adhesive function and mRNA for adhesion molecules and chemokines. Analysis of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel family of transcription factors showed that their expression and activation were modified by exposure to shear stress, but did not obviously explain differential responses to TNFalpha and IL-1B. Antibodies against selectins were effective against capture of neutrophils on TNFalpha-treated but not IL-1B-treated HUVEC. Stable adhesion was supported by beta2-integrins in each case. Activation of neutrophils occurred dominantly through CXC-chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) for TNFalpha-treated HUVEC, while blockade of CXCR1, CXCR2 and of platelet-activating factor receptors caused additive inhibition of migration on IL-1B-treated HUVEC. The mechanisms which underlie neutrophil recruitment, and their modulation by the haemodynamic environment, differ between cytokines. Interventions aimed against leukocyte recruitment may not operate equally in different inflammatory milieu.
Humanization and Pharmacokinetics of a Monoclonal Antibody with Specificity for Both E- and P-Selectin (1998)

E- and P-selectin (CD62E and CD62P) are cell adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte-endothelial cell and leukocyte-platelet interactions and are involved in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. We previously developed a murine mAb, EP-5C7 (or mEP-5C7), that binds and blocks both E- and P-selectin. When used in humans, murine mAbs have short circulating half-lives and generally induce potent human anti-mouse Ab responses. We therefore engineered a humanized, complementarity determining region-grafted version of mEP-5C7 incorporating human gamma4 heavy and kappa light chain constant regions (HuEP5C7.g4). HuEP5C7.g4 retains the specificity and avidity of mEP-5C7, binding to human E- and P-selectin but not to human L-selectin, and blocking E- and P-selectin-mediated adhesion. Surprisingly, when administered to rhesus monkeys, HuEP5C7.g4 was eliminated from the circulation very rapidly, even faster than the original murine Ab. To isolate the cause of the short serum half-life of HuEP5C7.g4, several Ab variants were constructed. A chimeric IgG4 Ab was made by replacing the humanized V regions with murine V regions. A humanized IgG2 Ab, HuEP5C7.g2, was also made by replacing the human gamma4 with a gamma2 constant region. Results from pharmacokinetic studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that the chimeric IgG4 is also rapidly eliminated rapidly from serum, similar to the humanized IgG4 Ab, while the humanized IgG2 Ab displays a long circulation half-life, typical of human Abs.
Mobile robot localization using landmarks (1997)

We describe an efficient method for localizing a mobile robot in an environment with landmarks. We assume that the robot can identify these landmarks and measure their bearings relative to each other. Given such noisy input, the algorithm estimates the robot's position and orientation with respect to the map of the environment. The algorithm makes efficient use of our representation of the landmarks by complex numbers. The algorithm runs in time linear in the number of landmarks. We present results of simulations and propose how to use our method for robot navigation.
Tn antigen, a marker of potential for metastasis of uterine cervix cancer cells (1993)

These results indicate that Tn-Ag expression is a useful indicator of the potential for metastatic potential of cancer cells. Thus, a combination of estimations of the degree of cancer involvement in the cervical stroma and Tn-Ag expression seems the most useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.
Simple Method for Quantitation of Enhanced Vascular Permeability (1970)

SummaryA simple physicochemical assay for the quantitation of enhanced vascular permeability in inflammation was described. It was shown that the assay is applicable to the study of inflammatory lesions induced with known chemical mediators, to the study of enhanced vessel permeability associated with the Arthus reaction, and that associated with thermal injury.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON INTRAVESICAL INSTILLATION OF INTERFERONS FOR TREATMENT OF BLADDER CANCER (1989)

The cytotoxic effect of interferons on T24 cells, the established cell line from human urinary bladder cancer, the distribution of the drugs in blood, urine and tissues of various organs and histopathological change in the bladder mucosa in dogs following intravesical instillation of the drugs, were studied. These studies were conducted to investigate the possible application of each type of interferons to intravesical treatment of superfitial bladder cancer. 1) The cytotoxicity of Ro22-8181 (recombinant human interferon alpha), GKT-beta (recombinant human interferon beta) and KW2202 (recombinant human interferon gamma) on T24 cells was examined by colony formation method and growth inhibition assay. Cytocidal effects of interferons were dependent on dose and exposure time, and GKT-beta is most effective (GKT-beta greater than Ro22-8181 greater than KW2202). Cytostatic effects of GKT-beta were also dependent on dose and exposure time. 2) The interferon levels in blood, urine and tissues were measured by FL-Sindbis system following bladder instillation of GKT-beta or KW2202 in beagle dogs with bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy. No interferons were detected in blood and urine. Bladder mucosa and submucosal layer were observed through a microscope 6 and 10 hours after bladder instillation of GKT-beta or KW2202 in beagle dogs with bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy. Degeneration of bladder mucosa and submucosal layer was scarcely observed. The above results suggest that GKT-beta is a suitable drug for intravesical treatment of bladder cancer.
[Sleep apnoea syndrome and cardiac failure]. (2005)

Despite recent therapeutic advances, chronic cardiac failure is still associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Sleep apnoea syndrome is common in this population, affecting almost half of these patients. However, it is rarely diagnosed and treated. There are two types of sleep apnoea syndrome, which can sometimes co-exist: the obstructive apnoea syndrome with collapse of the upper airways, and the central apnoea syndrome with cyclical Cheyne-Stokes respiration, linked with anomalies of central control. Apnoea leads to sympathetic stimulation and an increase in the left ventricular post-charge which can alter cardiac function and the prognosis. Diagnosis of sleep apnoea syndromes is now made with small ambulatory oxymeters which do not disturb sleep and which allow precise detection of episodes of desaturation. Treatment with positive pressure ventilation brings an improvement in daytime symptoms (fatigue, drowsiness) as well as an improvement in cardiac function. Screening for sleep apnoea is thus essential in patients with chronic heart failure, especially in those resistant to optimal drug treatment, in order to improve their management.