gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and specificity of B‐cell responses in lupus induced by Mycobacterium bovis in NOD/Lt mice (1998)

A single dose of pasteurized Mycobacterium bovis administered intravenously to prediabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice prevented the onset of type 1 diabetes but precipitated a systemic 'autoimmune rheumatic disease' (ARD) similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. This syndrome was characterized by haemolytic anaemia, anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith antigen (Sm) antinuclear autoantibodies, increased severity of sialadenitis and glomerular immune complex deposition. Here, we examine the specificity of the autoantibody responses in M. bovis-treated NOD mice. Large amounts of antibody were detected to the Sm/ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, of which the 28 000 MW polypeptide appeared to be immunodominant. The IgG subclass involved in the anti-Sm response was primarily IgG2a. Antibodies against dsDNA were also detected, but the subclass of this response was mixed, with IgG2a and IgG2b being present in equal amounts. Together, these findings argue against a role for immune deviation towards T helper type 2 (Th2) responses in pathogenesis of the disease. The anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm reactivities were not mediated by polyreactive antibodies since neither antigen could cross-compete plasma antibody binding to the other in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of polyclonal B-cell activation was examined by measuring total gamma-globulin as well as IgG reactive with other nuclear antigens including Ro60, Ro52 and La, which although not a major component of the autoantibody responses in these mice, did show small but significant increases following immunization with M. bovis. Thus polyclonal stimulation, while likely to be occurring, was not directly responsible for production of anti-Sm antibodies.
The estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 reduces cancellous bone volume in female rats (1993)

Although estrogen is thought to protect the skeleton by inhibiting bone resorption, we have also found that in the rat, estrogen stimulates cancellous bone formation. However, the extent to which the various skeletal actions of estrogen are mediated by classical estrogen receptors remains unclear. Although estrogen receptor antagonists such as tamoxifen have been used to study this question, interpretation of the results is complicated by the fact that this agent also acts as a partial estrogen agonist. However, the recent development of estrogen antagonists devoid of agonist activity provides an opportunity to explore this question further. We, therefore, investigated the effect of administration of the pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 on the skeleton of adult female rats. We found that ICI 182,780 reduced bone volume at the proximal tibial metaphysis by approximately 30%, associated with an increase in osteoclast surface. We then investigated the effect of ICI 182,780 on the anabolic action of estrogen. We used ovariectomized rats treated with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1-bisphosphonate to inhibit bone resorption, thereby preventing any increase in bone formation as a result of the stimulation of bone resorption due to estrogen deficiency. 17 beta-Estradiol (1 micrograms/kg) stimulated cancellous bone formation in such animals by approximately 8-fold; this increase was abolished when ICI 182,780 was also given. In contrast, ICI 182,780 affected neither longitudinal nor periosteal tibial growth in either intact animals or ovariectomized rats given estradiol or vehicle. We conclude that ICI 182,780 reduces cancellous bone volume in the rat by antagonizing estrogen's actions on bone formation and resorption, suggesting that these processes are both mediated by classical estrogen receptors.
NIM1 Overexpression in Arabidopsis Potentiates Plant Disease Resistance and Results in Enhanced Effectiveness of Fungicides (2001)

The NIM1 (for noninducible immunity, also known as NPR1) gene is required for the biological and chemical activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of NIM1 in wild-type plants (hereafter referred to as NIM1 plants or lines) results in varying degrees of resistance to different pathogens. Experiments were performed to address the basis of the enhanced disease resistance responses seen in the NIM1 plants. The increased resistance observed in the NIM1 lines correlated with increased NIM1 protein levels and rapid induction of PR1 gene expression, a marker for SAR induction in Arabidopsis, following pathogen inoculation. Levels of salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous signaling molecule required for SAR induction, were not significantly increased compared with wild-type plants. SA was required for the enhanced resistance in NIM1 plants, however, suggesting that the effect of NIM1 overexpression is that plants are more responsive to SA or a SA-dependent signal. This hypothesis is supported by the heightened responsiveness that NIM1 lines exhibited to the SAR-inducing compound benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-car-bothioic acid S-methyl ester. Furthermore, the increased efficacy of three fungicides was observed in the NIM1 plants, suggesting that a combination of transgenic and chemical approaches may lead to effective and durable disease-control strategies.
Therapeutic evaluation of etanercept in a model of traumatic brain injury (2010)

Antagonism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with etanercept has proved to be effective in the treatment of spinal cord injury and centrally endotoxin-induced brain injury. However, etanercept may offer promise as therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, anesthetized rats, immediately after the onset of TBI, were divided into two major groups and given the vehicle solution (1 mL/kg of body weight) or etanercept (5 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally once per 12 h for consecutive 3 days. Etanercept caused attenuation of TBI-induced cerebral ischemia (e.g., increased cellular levels of glutamate and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio), damage (e.g., increased cellular levels of glycerol) and contusion and motor and cognitive function deficits. TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis (e.g., increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase αUTP nick-end labeling and neuronal-specific nuclear protein double-positive cells), glial apoptosis (e.g., increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase αUTP nick-end labeling and glial fibrillary acidic protein double-positive cells), astrocytic (e.g., increased numbers of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells) and microglial (e.g., increased numbers of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-positive cells) activation and activated inflammation (e.g., increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) were all significantly reduced by etanercept treatment. These findings suggest that etanercept may improve outcomes of TBI by penetrating into the cerebrospinal fluid in rats.
Molecular identity and cellular distribution of advanced glycation endproduct receptors: relationship of p60 to OST-48 and p90 to 80K-H membrane proteins. (1996)

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are derivatives of nonenzymatic reactions between sugars and protein or lipids, and together with AGE-specific receptors are involved in numerous pathogenic processes associated with aging and hyperglycemia. Two of the known AGE-binding proteins isolated from rat liver membranes, p60 and p90, have been partially sequenced. We now report that the N-terminal sequence of p60 exhibits 95% identity to OST-48, a 48-kDa member of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex found in microsomal membranes, while sequence analysis of p90 revealed 73% and 85% identity to the N-terminal and internal sequences, respectively, of human 80K-H, a 80- to 87-kDa protein substrate for protein kinase C. AGE-ligand and Western analyses of purified oligosaccharyltransferase complex, enriched rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membranes from rat liver or RAW 264.7 macrophages yielded a single protein of approximately 50 kDa recognized by both anti-p60 and anti-OST-48 antibodies, and also exhibited AGE-specific binding. Immunoprecipitated OST-48 from rat rough endoplasmic reticulum fractions exhibited both AGE binding and immunoreactivity to an anti-p60 antibody. Immune IgG raised to recombinant OST-48 and 80K-H inhibited binding of AGE-bovine serum albumin to cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining and flow cytometry demonstrated the surface expression of OST-48 and 80K-H on numerous cell types and tissues, including mononuclear, endothelial, renal, and brain neuronal and glial cells. We conclude that the AGE receptor components p60 and p90 are identical to OST-48, and 80K-H, respectively, and that they together contribute to the processing of AGEs from extra- and intracellular compartments and in the cellular responses associated with these pathogenic substances.
Comparison of the Biodistribution and Tumor Targeting of Two 99mTc-Labeled Anti-EGFR Nanobodies in Mice, Using Pinhole SPECT/Micro-CT (2008)

The Nanobody fragments used here show high tumor uptake, low liver uptake, and rapid blood clearance. Nanobodies are promising probes for noninvasive radioimmunodetection of specific targets early after administration. On the basis of its favorable biodistribution, (99m)Tc-7C12 was selected for further studies.
<b>Removal of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions using activated carbon from <i>Militia ferruginea</i> plant leaves</b> (2008)

The adsorption of lead(II) on to activated carbon developed from an indigenous Ethiopian medicinal plant leaves namely Birbira (Militia ferruginea) was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influences of contact time, adsorbent dose, Pb(II) concentration, pH and temperature on adsorption were investigated. The maximum adsorption took place at 3 h. at a dose of 4.0 g of adsorbent, and 97.3 % of Pb2+ adsorption at pH of 4.0. The amount of lead ion adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent increased with decreasing concentration of Pb2+. The percentage of adsorption had increased with the increasing temperature. The positive value of ∆H indicated that the adsorption of lead ions on the adsorbent was an endothermic process. The values of free energy (∆G) were negative as expected for a spontaneous process. The decrease in ∆G value with increasing temperature revealed that adsorption of the ion on the adsorbent became favorable at a higher temperature. The calculated value of ∆H was 25.05 kJ mol&ndash;1, ∆S was 135.48 JK-1 mol-1 and ∆G was also calculated for each temperature. The two theoretical adsorption isotherms, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich were used to describe the experimental results. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm best fits and adsorption capacity was calculated to be 3.3 mg of Pb(II) per g of adsorbent. The adsorption followed the first order kinetics and was found to be pH dependent being maximum at pH 4.0. The pH effect and desorption studies showed that ion exchange mechanism might be involved in the adsorption process. Reuse of the desorbed bio-adsorbent is possible. The effect of foreign ions on the removal of Pb(II) has been investigated. The removal of Pb(II) from industrial wastewater sample was also tested and showed that more than 97 % removal was possible. The results showed that activated carbon prepared from Birbira (Militia ferruginea) leaves could be used for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater.&nbsp;KEY WORDS: Industrial wastewater, Lead removal, Adsorbent, Militia ferruginea&nbsp;&nbsp;Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2008, 22(3), 349-360.
Evaluation of Some Data Transfer Algorithms for Noncontiguous Meshes (2000)

The objective of this research was to identify and evaluate selected suitable methods to transfer information between computational methods with noncontiguous meshes or grids. This data transfer can easily be the limiting factor in the accuracy of computational simulations in a variety of applications. The data to be transferred can include point variables, such as deflections, pressure, and temperature; area-based variables, such as loads; and rates, such as heat flux. A method should provide smooth, yet accurate, transfer of data for a wide variety of functional forms. An extensive literature survey was completed that identified current algorithms in aerospace applications, as well as other candidate algorithms from different disciplines, such as mapping and CAD/CAM. The performance of the various methods was assessed by a series of test cases, including the mapping of constant and linear functions, as well as sinusoidal functions with varying numbers of oscillations within the domain. Accuracy, computational memory requirements, and computational time requirements were all evaluated.
Hydrolysis of D-glucono-.delta.-lactone. I. General acid-base catalysis, solvent deuterium isotope effects, and transition state characterization (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of D-glucono-.delta.-lactone. I. General acid-base catalysis, solvent deuterium isotope effects, and transition state characterizationY. Pocker and Edmond. GreenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 1, 113–119Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00782a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00782a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2664Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alteration of mitochondrial function and lipid composition in Morris 7777 hepatoma. (1976)

President Roosevelt encloses telegram correspondence with Senator Hanna and asks if Joseph Bucklin Bishop saw the speech he made in Spokane, WA and repeated in Butte, MT. He wants Bishop to pay special attention to the "absolute clearness" in which he spoke about the crimes of the criminal rich and poor.
Low serum albumin levels and liver metastasis are powerful prognostic markers for survival in patients with carcinomas of unknown primary site (2006)

Lymphopenia and low serum albumin levels were identified as 2 new independent markers of prognosis in patients with CUP. Although the authors confirmed the validity of the previous prognostic model, they developed and validated a more powerful, simple model based on the 2 most powerful adverse prognostic factors: liver metastasis and low serum albumin levels. These findings were confirmed in an independent cohort of patients with CUP, and consideration of the authors' improved prognostic model for survival of patients with CUP is warranted.
CHEMILUMINESCENCE IN LIQUID SOLUTIONS: THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LOPHINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES* (1965)

Abstract— A number of derivatives and analogs of lophine (Ia) have been prepared in an effort to elucidate the chemiluminescence of this class of compounds. A hydroperoxide has been implicated as a reaction intermediate; intramolecular decomposition of this compound yields an excited singlet state of a diaroylarylamidine salt ( IX ). the light emitter in the reaction. Consistent with this view is the fact that in two cases the chemiluminescence emission matches the wavelength distribution in the fluorescence of the amidine salts. A brief discussion is given of the nature of chemiluminescence of reactions in solution.
Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing (1993)

From the Publisher:
This is the revised and greatly expanded Second Edition of the hugely popular Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing. The product of a unique collaboration among four leading scientists in academic research and industry, Numerical Recipes is a complete text and reference book on scientific computing. In a self-contained manner it proceeds from mathematical and theoretical considerations to actual practical computer routines. With over 100 new routines (now well over 300 in all), plus upgraded versions of many of the original routines, this book is more than ever the most practical, comprehensive handbook of scientific computing available today. The book retains the informal, easy-to-read style that made the first edition so popular, with many new topics presented at the same accessible level. In addition, some sections of more advanced material have been introduced, set off in small type from the main body of the text. Numerical Recipes is an ideal textbook for scientists and engineers and an indispensable reference for anyone who works in scientific computing. Highlights of the new material include a new chapter on integral equations and inverse methods; multigrid methods for solving partial differential equations; improved random number routines; wavelet transforms; the statistical bootstrap method; a new chapter on less-numerical algorithms including compression coding and arbitrary precision arithmetic; band diagonal linear systems; linear algebra on sparse matrices; Cholesky and QR decomposition; calculation of numerical derivatives; Pade approximants, and rational Chebyshev approximation; new special functions; Monte Carlo integration in high-dimensional spaces; globally convergent methods for sets of nonlinear equations; an expanded chapter on fast Fourier methods; spectral analysis on unevenly sampled data; Savitzky-Golay smoothing filters; and two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnoff tests. All this is in addition to material on such basic top
Functional and Molecular Properties of Human Astrocytes in Acute Hippocampal Slices Obtained from Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2000)

During normal development of rodent brain, astroglial inward rectification gradually increases. It thus appears that astrocytes in human sclerotic tissue reexpress an immature current pattern. Reduced astroglial inward rectification in conjunction with seizure-induced shrinkage of the extracellular space may lead to impaired spatial K+ buffering. This will result in stronger and prolonged depolarization of glial cells and neurons in response to activity-dependent K+ release and may thus contribute to seizure generation and spread in this particular condition of human TLE.
The Subjectivity of Lexical Cohesion in Text (2004)

A reader&amp;apos;s perception of even an &amp;quot;objective&amp;quot; text is to some degree subjective. We present the results of a pilot study in which we looked at the degree of subjectivity in readers&amp;apos; perceptions of lexical semantic relations, which are the building blocks of the lexical chains used in many applications in natural language processing. An example is presented in which the subjectivity reflects the reader&amp;apos;s attitude.
Effect of Eliminating Seropositive Canines on the Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil (1997)

In Brazil, where Leishmania chagasi causes endemic American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), the spread and maintenance of human disease are attributed to canine reservoirs. However, despite measures directed toward the elimination of infected canines, the incidence of human disease continues to increase. To evaluate the role of infected canines in the acquisition of AVL by humans, we undertook a controlled intervention study in three similar, but isolated, valleys of Pancas, Espírito Santo, Brazil. In the two experimental (intervention) valleys, infected dogs were eliminated whereas in the control valley, seropositive canines remained untouched. During the 12-month study period, human seropositivity rates, as measured by dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, increased from 15% to 54% in the intervention valleys and from 14% to 54% in the control valley. The elimination of infected canines in the intervention valleys did not result in a statistically significant difference between the incidences of human serological conversion in the intervention and control valleys at either 6 (20% and 22%, respectively; P = .5961) or 12 months (26% and 27%, respectively; P = .9442). The role of humans as a significant reservoir for AVL is proposed as an explanation for the study results.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Children Treated with Growth Hormone (1996)

We examined the association between slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) and growth hormone (GH) treatment in 16,514 children who had not been treated with GH prior to their enrollment in the National Cooperative Growth Study. Fifteen children had SCFE prior to receiving GH therapy, 26 developed SCFE during GH treatment, and one had SCFE on one side prior to GH treatment and developed it on the contralateral side while receiving GH. Children with GH deficiency were significantly more likely to develop SCFE while on GH treatment than were children with idiopathic short stature (p = 0.006). There was no difference between GH-deficient girls and boys in the risk of developing SCFE during GH treatment. There were 3 cases of SCFE in girls with Turner syndrome before GH treatment and 3 during. Typically, children who developed SCFE while on GH were older, heavier, and grew more slowly during the first year of GH than those who did not. Children with GH deficiency, Turner syndrome, and other known causes of short stature are more likely to develop SCFE before or during GH treatment than children with idiopathic short stature.
An improved deep learning architecture for person re-identification (2015)

In this work, we propose a method for simultaneously learning features and a corresponding similarity metric for person re-identification. We present a deep convolutional architecture with layers specially designed to address the problem of re-identification. Given a pair of images as input, our network outputs a similarity value indicating whether the two input images depict the same person. Novel elements of our architecture include a layer that computes cross-input neighborhood differences, which capture local relationships between the two input images based on mid-level features from each input image. A high-level summary of the outputs of this layer is computed by a layer of patch summary features, which are then spatially integrated in subsequent layers. Our method significantly outperforms the state of the art on both a large data set (CUHK03) and a medium-sized data set (CUHK01), and is resistant to over-fitting. We also demonstrate that by initially training on an unrelated large data set before fine-tuning on a small target data set, our network can achieve results comparable to the state of the art even on a small data set (VIPeR).
Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Hip Fracture (2018)

Fascia iliaca block or femoral nerve block is used frequently in hip fracture patients because of their opioid-sparing effects and reduction in opioid-related adverse effects. A recent anatomical study on hip innervation led to the identification of relevant landmarks to target the hip articular branches of femoral nerve and accessory obturator nerve. Using this information, we developed a novel ultrasound-guided approach for blockade of these articular branches to the hip, the PENG (PEricapsular Nerve Group) block. In this report, we describe the technique and its application in 5 consecutive patients.