gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) as Initial Treatment of lnvasive Bladder Cancer (1984)

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) was used as the initial treatment in a pilot study of 17 patients with biopsy-proven transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. No patient had received any previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The clinical stages of the tumours were T2 (2 patients), T3 (13) and T4 (2). Before treatment the tumours were assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, examination under anaesthesia (EUA), computed axial tomography (CT scan) and ultrasound. DDP was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 intravenously with hydration using mannitol and saline. Each patient received three treatments at 3-weekly intervals. Twelve days after the third treatment, response was assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, EUA, CT scan and ultrasound. Eleven of the 17 patients had a partial response. Survival was significantly increased in responders compared with non-responders. Seven patients had a low creatine clearance following treatment, 5 had audiograms showing evidence of ototoxicity and 2 developed leucopenia during treatment. This study confirmed the activity of DDP in bladder cancer and showed that it was active in producing a response in the primary tumour in 11 of 17 patients.
Fungal responsive fatty acid acetylenases occur widely in evolutionarily distant plant families (2003)

The fungal elicitor-induced ELI12 gene from parsley has been previously shown to encode a divergent form of the Delta12-oleic acid desaturase. In this report, we show that the ELI12 gene product is a fatty acid acetylenase or a triple-bond-forming enzyme. Expression of this enzyme in transgenic soybean seeds was accompanied by the accumulation of the Delta12-acetylenic fatty acids, crepenynic and dehydrocrepenynic acids. Using PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides, we also show that homologs of the ELI12 gene are present in other members of the Apiaceae family. In addition, cDNAs for divergent forms of the Delta12-oleic acid desaturase were detected among the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from English ivy, an Araliaceae species, and sunflower, an Asteraceae species. As with the ELI12 gene, expression of these cDNAs in transgenic soybean embryos was accompanied by the accumulation of crepenynic and dehydrocrepenynic acids. Homologs of the sunflower acetylenase gene were also detected in other Asteraceae species, as revealed by PCR analysis of isolated genomic DNA. Results from Northern blot and EST analyses indicated that the expression of the sunflower gene, like ELI12, was induced by fungal elicitation. Overall, these results demonstrate that expressed genes for Delta12-fatty acid acetylenases occur in at least three plant families, and are responsive to fungal pathogenesis. Natural products derived from crepenynic and dehydrocrepenynic acids that display antifungal, insecticidal, and nematicidal properties are distributed through at least 15 plant families. The acetylenases described here provide probes for chemotaxonomists, and facilitate functional genomic and molecular investigations of these defensive mechanisms.
Formation of a PNA2−DNA2Hybrid Quadruplex (2003)

DNA guanine (G) quadruplexes are stabilized by an interesting variation of the hydrogen-bonding schemes encountered in nucleic acid duplexes and triplexes. In an attempt to use this mode of molecular recognition, we target a dimeric G-quadruplex formed by the Oxytricha nova telomeric sequence d(G(4)T(4)G(4)) with a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe having a homologous rather than complementary sequence. UV-vis and CD spectroscopy reveal that a stable hybrid possessing G-quartets is formed between the PNA and DNA. The four-stranded character of the hybrid and the relative orientation of the strands is determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. FRET results indicate that (i) the two PNA strands are parallel to each other, (ii) the two DNA strands are parallel to each other, and (iii) the 5'-termini of the DNA strands align with the N-termini of the PNA strands. The resulting PNA(2)-DNA(2) quadruplex shows a preference of Na(+) over Li(+) and displays thermodynamic behavior consistent with alternating PNA and DNA strands in the hybrid. The formation of this novel supramolecular structure demonstrates a new high-affinity DNA recognition mechanism and expands the scope of molecular recognition by PNA.
RENAL DENERVATION IMPROVES GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: 5A.02 (2010)

Background: Therapy resistant hypertension is often associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Overacitivity of the sympathetic nervous system has been shown as one of the main contributors to the complex pathophysiology of hypertension and hyperinsulinemia. Therefore we studied the influence of therapeutic catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation on glucose metabolism in patients with resistant hypertension. Methods: 13 patients (age 56.5 ± 10 years, 10 males) with therapy resistant hypertension underwent bilateral catheter-based renal denervation. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure as well as fasting glucose, insulin, c-peptide and glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGT) were measured prior to, and at 3 and 6 months post denervation. Results: Mean office blood pressure before the procedure was 179/96 ± 9/8 mmHg. Office blood pressure was reduced by −39/−12 mmHg (p < 0.05) and −34/−16 mmHg (p < 0.05) at 3 and 6 months follow-up without changes in concurrent antihypertensive medication. Six months after denervation, fasting glucose was reduced from 114 ± 19 mg/dl to 85 ± 6 mg/dl (p < 0.05). Insulin levels decreased from 26.5 ± 18.4 ìIU/ml to 5.2 ± 3.9 ìIU/ml associated with a reduction of c-peptide from 6.5 ± 3.6 ng/ml to 2.4 ± 0.8 ng/ml (p < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity after denervation increased significantly (HOMA-IR decreased from 6.9 ± 4.9 to 1.1 ± 0.8, p < 0.05). Additionally, mean 2 hour glucose levels during OGT were reduced from 206 ± 36 mg/dl to 112 ± 51 mg/dl. Conclusion: Renal sympathetic denervation is associated with a significant blood pressure reduction and is accompanied by an improvement of glucose metabolism due to increased insulin sensitivity. The procedure may prove to be useful to reduce the high cardiovascular risk in patients with resistant hypertension.
Soluble Dendron-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes:  Preparation, Characterization, and Properties, (2001)

Lipophilic and hydrophilic dendra which are terminated with long alkyl chains and oligomeric poly(ethylene glycol) moieties, respectively, were synthesized, and these dendron species were used to functionalize single-wall (SWNT) and multiple-wall (MWNT) carbon nanotubes via amidation and esterification reactions. The functionalized carbon nanotube samples are, depending on the functionalities, soluble in common organic solvents, such as hexane and chloroform, and water to form colored homogeneous solutions. Characterizations using NMR, electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopic techniques show that the homogeneous solutions contain carbon nanotubes. A preliminary understanding of the structural features and properties of these soluble dendron-functionalized SWNTs and MWNTs is discussed in terms of results from the characterizations, the defunctionalization reactions, and the trapping of metal nanoparticles by the functionalized nanotubes in solution.
Identification of relevant features in (1995)

In using neural networks to identify tumour cell types from their /sup 1/H MR spectra, we propose an improvement to the classification performance by identifying those metabolites most significant in differentiating between tumour types. We review two existing approaches for assessing 'relevance' and 'sensitivity' of the network's input units, and introduce a new technique that automatically selects the more dominant inputs. In all three techniques, during training, the network recursively removes the input unit least affecting the error function until the performance drops significantly; the remaining input units are then retained as the most relevant. We test the three procedures on a data set with 180 inputs representing reduced-resolution spectra of six normal and tumour animal tissues. We compare the three methods in terms of the number of remaining units necessary for correct classification and their consistency of using different combinations of train/test sets and initial weights. We conclude that while our proposed algorithm produces a more consistent ranking of features, the number and ranking of significant features varies considerably depending on the algorithm used and the initial conditions and that to obtain the reliable feature subsets combinations of two or more algorithms could be used.
Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle (2002)

Skeletal muscle contains myogenic progenitors called satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that have been suggested to be pluripotent. We further investigated the differentiation potential of muscle-derived stem cells and satellite cells to elucidate relationships between these two populations of cells. FACS(R) analysis of muscle side population (SP) cells, a fraction of muscle-derived stem cells, revealed expression of hematopoietic stem cell marker Sca-1 but did not reveal expression of any satellite cell markers. Muscle SP cells were greatly enriched for cells competent to form hematopoietic colonies. Moreover, muscle SP cells with hematopoietic potential were CD45 positive. However, muscle SP cells did not differentiate into myocytes in vitro. By contrast, satellite cells gave rise to myocytes but did not express Sca-1 or CD45 and never formed hematopoietic colonies. Importantly, muscle SP cells exhibited the potential to give rise to both myocytes and satellite cells after intramuscular transplantation. In addition, muscle SP cells underwent myogenic specification after co-culture with myoblasts. Co-culture with myoblasts or forced expression of MyoD also induced muscle differentiation of muscle SP cells prepared from mice lacking Pax7 gene, an essential gene for satellite cell development. Therefore, these data document that satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells represent distinct populations and demonstrate that muscle-derived stem cells have the potential to give rise to myogenic cells via a myocyte-mediated inductive interaction.
Targeting Galectin-3 Unveils the Complexity of Multiple Myeloma: A Sweet Context (2012)

After decades of research, multiple myeloma is still a fatal disease accounting for almost one out of five cases of all hematological malignancies. Recent evidences indicate that novel pharmacological agents, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib, improve the response rate and extend the overall survival. Yet, prolonged therapies are required to prevent or control recurrence, ultimately resulting in treatment-related toxicities seriously affecting the patients’ quality of life. The urgent need of innovative therapeutic approaches may be answered by molecules disrupting the interactions between myeloma cells and the local microenvironment. Specifically, Galectin-3 plays key roles in the connections linking tumor cells with bone marrow stroma and the extracellular matrix. We evaluate here the multifaceted outcomes and potential applications of treatments based on Galectin-3C, a truncated dominant negative inhibitor of endogenous Galectin-3. Additionally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanism of action of Galectin-3C and present the future challenges and unique opportunities that a Galectin-3-tailored anti-myeloma therapy may offer in the near future.
Significant Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Global Gene Expression in Brain Tissues of Patients with HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (2011)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infection; however HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite treatment. The reasons for the limited efficacy of ART in the brain are unknown. Here we used functional genomics to determine ART effectiveness in the brain and to identify molecular signatures of HAND under ART. We performed genome-wide microarray analysis using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry in brain tissues from seven treated and eight untreated HAND patients and six uninfected controls. We also determined brain virus burdens by real-time PCR. Treated and untreated HAND brains had distinct gene expression profiles with ART transcriptomes clustering with HIV-1-negative controls. The molecular disease profile of untreated HAND showed dysregulated expression of 1470 genes at p<0.05, with activation of antiviral and immune responses and suppression of synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. The overall brain transcriptome changes in these patients were independent of histological manifestation of HIV-1 encephalitis and brain virus burdens. Depending on treatment compliance, brain transcriptomes from patients on ART had 83% to 93% fewer dysregulated genes and significantly lower dysregulation of biological pathways compared to untreated patients, with particular improvement indicated for nervous system functions. However a core of about 100 genes remained similarly dysregulated in both treated and untreated patient brain tissues. These genes participate in adaptive immune responses, and in interferon, cell cycle, and myelin pathways. Fluctuations of cellular gene expression in the brain correlated in Pearson's formula analysis with plasma but not brain virus burden. Our results define for the first time an aberrant genome-wide brain transcriptome of untreated HAND and they suggest that antiretroviral treatment can be broadly effective in reducing pathophysiological changes in the brain associated with HAND. Aberrantly expressed transcripts common to untreated and treated HAND may contribute to neurocognitive changes defying ART.
Transient behaviour of magnetic micro-bead chains rotating in a fluid by external fields (2007)

Magnetic micro-beads can facilitate many functions in lab-on-a-chip systems, such as bio-chemical labeling, selective transport, magnetic sensing and mixing. In order to investigate potential applications of magnetic micro-beads for mixing in micro fluidic systems, we developed a pin-jointed mechanism model that allows analysing the behaviour of rotating superparamagnetic bead chains. Our numerical model revealed the response of the chains on a rotating magnetic field over time. We could demonstrate that the governing parameters are the Mason number and number of beads in the chain. The results are in agreement with the simplified analytical model, assuming a straight chain, but also allow prediction of the transient chain shape. The modelled chains develop an anti-symmetric S-shape that is stable, if the Mason number for a given chain length does not surpass a critical value. Above that value, rupture occurs in the vicinity of the chain centre. However, variations in bead susceptibility can shift the location of rupture. Moreover, we performed experiments with superparamagnetic micro-beads in a small fluid volume exposed to a uniform rotating magnetic field. Our simulation could successfully predict the observed transient chain form and the time for chain rupture. The developed model can be used to design optimised bead based mixers in micro fluidic systems.
급각자의 항암작용에 대한 실험적 연구 - Sarcoma 180 cell 이 접종된 생쥐 비장의 세포성 면역활성에 조각자 추출물이 미치는 영향에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구 - (1997)

This study investigated that the activation of splenic cell-mediated immunity in mouse injected with sarcoma 180 cell was effected by Gleditsia spina extract. The Gleditsia spina extract was orally administered daily for 28days at the dose of 800㎎/㎏/day after Sarcoma 180 cell were intraperitoneally injected with 1.0 × 10^6 cells. The spleen were obtained at day-3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after Sarcoma 180 cell injection and embedded with paraffin. Then stained by following, ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), and NK-1.1(CD56). The results were as follows : 1. The size of marginal zone in white pulp of test group were enlarged than control group during experimental period and the number of macrophage were increased after Sarcoma 180 cell injection. 2. The number of helper T lymphocyte of test group were increased in peri-arterial lymphatic sheath of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp than control group. 3. The number of cytotoxic T lymphocyte of test group were increased in peri-arterial lymphatic sheath of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp than control group. 4. The number of NK cell in penicilla artery of test group was increased than control group. Above results show that the splenic cell-mediated immunity was activated in Sarcoma 180 cell injected mouse by the treatment of Gleditsia spina extract. It can be considered that the Gleditsia spina extract is efficacious antitumor agent
Vectorcardiography as a Tool for Easy Optimization of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Canine Left Bundle Branch Block Hearts (2012)

The VAQRS reflects electric interventricular dyssynchrony and accurately predicts optimal timing of LV stimulation in canine LBBB hearts. Therefore, VCG may be useful as a reliable and easy tool for individual optimization of CRT.
Hydration of the stratum corneum (1986)

Synopsis Topically applied water, occlusion and topically applied glycerol were used to investigate and characterize some of the changes which occur in the hydrated stratum corneum. The effects of these treatments were monitored using non-invasive techniques under controlled conditions. The Servomed Evaporimeter was used to determine natural water flux from the skin surface before and after treatment. The performance of the Evaporimeter in this type of study had previously been improved by attaching a paper baffle to the detector. This eliminated the variance in output caused by atmospheric movement. Experiments were carried out at temperatures below the threshold of thermal sweating and emotional sweating was minimized. Skin surface topography was characterized by means of a new type of profilometer. The instrument's design allowed a diamond stylus to traverse the living skin surface without significantly altering its structure. Changes in skin surface roughness were further elucidated using scanning electron microscopy and macrophotography. In vivo penetration of glycerol was assessed by chemical analysis of stratum corneum layers of treated skin. Samples were obtained by sequential stripping of the stratum corneum using adhesive tape. Topically applied water produced only a transient benefit because of rapid evaporation. More prolonged hydration was achieved by suppressing transepidermal water loss with polyethylene film. This occlusive hyperhydration was characterized by a significant reduction in profile roughness and by a smoother macroscopic appearance. Glycerol achieved the same effects by reducing the magnitude of the natural water flux from the skin surface and by reducing the rate of evaporation of water from applied aqueous glycerol solution or cosmetic product. Both effects were seen as the result of lowered water activity in the proximity of glycerol. Smoothing effects of glycerol on the skin surface, and improved appearance, persisted for at least 24 h. This persistence was explained by evidence for diffusion of glycerol into the stratum corneum where it formed a reservoir. Hydration of the skin is known to affect its barrier function and thereby exert a profound effect on penetration of both lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules. Clinically, this effect may be achieved using liberal applications of occlusive petroleum jelly and ointments. The results presented in this paper suggest that the use of humectants could achieve useful hydration using cosmetically acceptable materials.
Bioimaging of Nitric Oxide (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleBioimaging of Nitric OxideTetsuo Nagano and Tetsuhiko YoshimuraView Author Information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Institute for Life Support Technology, Yamagata Public Corporation for the Development of Industry, Yamagata 990-2473, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 4, 1235–1270Publication Date (Web):March 15, 2002Publication History Received20 August 2001Published online15 March 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr010152sCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4684Altmetric-Citations348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biological imaging,Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Fluorescence,Quantum mechanics,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Kinematic characteristics of myositis ossificans of the semimembranosus muscle in a dog. (2010)

A 6-year-old Doberman pinscher dog was presented with myositis ossificans of the semimembranosus muscle. Linear, temporal, and angular kinematic patterns were recorded and compared with those of sound dogs of the same breed. The results indicate that the specific gait compensations occurring with this disease may aid in the diagnosis of myositis ossificans of the caudal thigh muscles.
Ultrahigh-Q one-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities with modulated mode-gap barriers on SiO_2 claddings and on air claddings (2010)

We report designs for a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with modulated mode-gap barriers based on the lowest dielectric band. These cavities have an ultrahigh theoretical quality factor (Q) of 10(7)-10(8) while maintaining a very small modal volume of 0.6-2.0 (lambda/n)(3), which are the highest Q for any nanocavities with SiO(2) under-cladding. We have fabricated these SOI 1D-PhC cavities and confirmed that they exhibited a Q of 3.6 x 10(5), which is also the highest measured Q for SOI-type PhC nanocavities. We have also applied the same design to 1D PhC cavities with air claddings, and found that they exhibit a theoretical quality factor higher than 10(9). The fabricated air-cladding 1D Si PhC cavities have showed a quality factor of 7.2 x 10(5), which is close to the highest Q value for 1D PhC cavities.
Sleep magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic method in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2010)

Sleep MRI is a valuable method for evaluating dynamic obstruction during sleep and may be helpful in selecting the appropriate treatment approaches.
Chemiosmotic Mechanism of Antimicrobial Activity of Ag + in Vibrio cholerae (2002)

Although the antimicrobial effects of silver salts were noticed long ago, the molecular mechanism of the bactericidal action of Ag(+) in low concentrations has not been elucidated. Here, we show that low concentrations of Ag(+) induce a massive proton leakage through the Vibrio cholerae membrane, which results in complete deenergization and, with a high degree of probability, cell death.