gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgens reduce HDL2-cholesterol and increase hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (1985)

We quantified serum lipids and postheparin plasma lipolytic activities in 5 weightlifters presently self-administering androgenic steroids (users) and an equal number not currently using these drugs (non-users). Mean (+/- SD) age (23 +/- 2 vs 25 +/- 4 yr), body weight (102.7 +/- 11.4 vs 86.8 +/- 13.6 kg), and percent body fat (8.6 +/- 2.5 vs 7.8 +/- 6.0%) were not different in users and non-users, respectively. Similarly, there were no differences in total cholesterol (183 +/- 27 vs 176 +/- 32 mg.dl-1) low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (138 +/- 25 vs 108 +/- 32 mg.dl-1), or triglyceride (93 +/- 26 vs 93 +/- 41 mg.dl-1) levels in the two groups. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations, however, were significantly lower in the users (26 +/- 10 vs 50 +/- 13 mg.dl-1; P less than 0.05), and most of the difference was due to lower HDL2-cholesterol concentrations (6 +/- 4 vs 22 +/- 9 mg.dl-1; P less than 0.05). Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was only slightly lower in the users (3.49 +/- 2.23 vs 5.36 +/- 1.73 mumol FFA.ml-hr-1; P= NS). but hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was significantly higher in this group (27.99 +/- 6.89 vs 11.15 +/- 2.76, mumol FFA.ml-hr-1: P less than 0.001) and correlated inversely with HDL2-cholesterol concentrations (r = -0.81; P less than 0.01). We conclude that androgenic hormones reduce HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the HDL2-cholesterol subfraction, possibly by enhancing hepatic triglyceride lipase activity.
Dramatic heterogeneity of transgene expression in the mammary gland of lactating mice: a model system to study the synthetic activity of mammary epithelial cells. (1995)

We studied the expression of human serum albumin (HSA) driven by the ovine beta-lactoglobulin promoter in the mammary glands of lactating mice from five independent transgenic strains, by employing combined in situ hybridization and immunostaining techniques. Four strains displayed a heterogeneous pattern of expression: mice of strains 91 and 92 expressed the transgene in only a fraction of the lobules, whereas in strains 69 and 83 all lobules contained cells expressing HSA. In all four strains the patterns of expression within expressing lobules corresponded to the morphology of alveolar cells and to the extent of local milk secretion, suggesting that filling of alveolus with secreted material was accompanied by asynchronous downregulation of transgene expression. In situ hybridization to the endogenous milk protein genes alpha-lactalbumin, beta-casein, and whey acidic protein revealed a uniform pattern of expression in lactating mammary glands of transgeneic and in four out of five non-transgeneic mice. In the fifth control mouse, we detected downregulation of gene expression in lobules containing alveoli distended by secreted milk. The pattern of expression of the three endogenous genes was greatly disturbed after a short (3-hr) unilateral closure of mammary glands, and very much resembled the pattern of expression of the HSA transgenes. These results demonstrate that transgeneic mice provide a useful model to study the factors that regulate the synthetic activity of mammary epithelial cells.
Soft handoff on the quick paging channel (2003)

The quick paging channel has been proposed as a method to significantly improve the standby times of the phones for the 3G systems. This paper looks at a way to put this common channel in soft handoff, thereby improving the reliability, and leading to a better standby time for the cdma2000 phones. Both the physical layer, and network implications are analyzed in detail.
Identification of a SAR8.2 gene in the susceptible host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Colletotrichum orbiculare (2005)

A SAR8.2 gene, NbSAR8.2m, was obtained from a PCR-selected cDNA subtraction library constructed from mRNA of Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. infected with Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk & Mont.) von Arx. It is the first SAR8.2 gene described from N. benthamiana and shows relatively high similarity in both the coding and 3'-UTR to NtSAR8.2m of Nicotiana tabacum L. Expression of NbSAR8.2m occurred in healthy plants but was induced 8-fold following infection by C. orbiculare. Virus-induced gene silencing of NbSAR8.2m reduced its expression and resulted in the development of disease symptoms 24 h earlier than in control plants, indicating that NbSAR8.2m affects the length of the biotrophic phase of infection. Both NtSAR8.2m and NbSAR8.2m are unique among the SAR8.2 genes in that they encode for four cysteines near the C-terminus. The conserved cysteines of SAR8.2 genes may indicate roles in stress responses, defence reactions, metal ion homeostasis or other processes.
Acute adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of adrenal corticosteroidogenesis. Discovery of a rapidly induced protein. (1983)

Two-dimensional electrophoretic techniques were used to identify and characterize a protein that is not produced in quiescent isolated rat adrenal cells but is produced in response to acute stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or dibutyryl cAMP. The molecular weight of this protein is 28,000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis), and its isoelectric point is 6.5 (isoelectric focusing). Mapping of proteolytic peptides suggests that this induced protein (i) is quite similar in primary structure to another protein (p), which is produced only in nonstimulated adrenal cells. The time course of formation of protein i and its ACTH dose response closely parallel the increase of corticosteroid production in stimulated cells. The possibility that protein i is produced in response to increased levels of some steroid of the glucocorticoid pathway is precluded by the observation that inhibition of corticosteroid synthesis by aminoglutethimide does not alter the rate of production of i. Addition of cycloheximide before ACTH, which prevents stimulation of corticosteroidogenesis, also prevents formation of protein i implying that the production of protein i depends on continuing protein synthesis. [35S/32S]Methionine pulse-chase experiments, i.e. addition of excess [32S] methionine and ACTH after prelabeling with [35S]methionine, show that protein i is not produced from pre-existing protein p or other pre-existing proteins even if protein synthesis (and increased steroid production) is not inhibited. These findings exclude post-translational modification as a mechanism for the production of i but are consistent with p and i being related by cotranslational modification. Addition of cycloheximide after stimulation causes the formation of protein i to cease, but the amount of the protein does not decrease with the same kinetics as the return of corticosteroid production to its unstimulated level. [35S/32S]Methionine pulse-chase experiments imply protein i, even under conditions of ongoing ACTH stimulation and protein synthesis, is degraded with approximately the same kinetics as after cycloheximide inhibition. The close concurrence under a wide variety of experimental conditions between the appearance of protein i and the increase in adrenal corticosteroid production, coupled with the fact that the former does not occur as a result of the latter, make protein i a likely candidate for the postulated corticosteroidogenic stimulatory protein (Ferguson, J.J. (1962) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 57, 616-617). The fact that stimulation of steroidogenesis may occur via co-translational modification of a regulatory protein is an intriguing possibility which readily explains both the observed rapid and protein synthesis-dependent stimulation and the lack of dependence of stimulation on transcription (Schulster, D. (1974) Mol. Cell. Endocr. 1, 55-64).
MX‐2500 thermal processor for the treatment of petroleum refining wastes and contaminated soils (1993)

Abstract Separation and Recovery Systems, Inc. (SRS) of Irvine, California is the market leader in supplying hazardous waste and secondary material dewatering and drying services to the petroleum refining industry. In late 1991, SRS introduced the new generation of dryer technology, the MX‐2500. The MX‐2500 is an electrically heated dryer system that recovers virtually all of the hydrocarbon value of refinery wastes and secondary materials, while producing a solid residue meeting EPA Land Disposal Restriction (LDR) treatment levels which allows the refinery to land dispose of the solids, thereby realizing two objectives: waste minimization and oil recovery/recycling.
Systematic identification of personal tumor-specific neoantigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2014)

Genome sequencing has revealed a large number of shared and personal somatic mutations across human cancers. In principle, any genetic alteration affecting a protein-coding region has the potential to generate mutated peptides that are presented by surface HLA class I proteins that might be recognized by cytotoxic T cells. To test this possibility, we implemented a streamlined approach for the prediction and validation of such neoantigens derived from individual tumors and presented by patient-specific HLA alleles. We applied our computational pipeline to 91 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs) that underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES). We predicted ∼22 mutated HLA-binding peptides per leukemia (derived from ∼16 missense mutations) and experimentally confirmed HLA binding for ∼55% of such peptides. Two CLL patients that achieved long-term remission following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were monitored for CD8(+) T-cell responses against predicted or confirmed HLA-binding peptides. Long-lived cytotoxic T-cell responses were detected against peptides generated from personal tumor mutations in ALMS1, C6ORF89, and FNDC3B presented on tumor cells. Finally, we applied our computational pipeline to WES data (N = 2488 samples) across 13 different cancer types and estimated dozens to thousands of predicted neoantigens per individual tumor, suggesting that neoantigens are frequent in most tumors.
Urbanización y consumo: la ingesta de proteínas animales en Barcelona durante los siglos XIX y XX (2004)

Los procesos de urbanización en la Europa occidental han sido analizados desde diversas perspectivas. En unos casos, como resultado de un diverso conjunto de cambios económicos, políticos y sociales y en otros, como causa a su vez de otros procesos posteriores, que habrían reforzado la senda del crecimiento. A menudo estas perspectivas son complementarias, al diferenciarse por las variables dependientes e independientes elegidas en cada caso.\nReconocer esta situación, sin embargo, no exime de precisar mejor dos cuestiones: cómo funcionaron los mecanismos de transmisión de los cambios observados entre unas y otras variables, y cómo evolucionaron en el tiempo estos mecanismos. En el presente artículo avanzaremos algunas respuestas a estas cuestiones. Con esta finalidad tomaremos como referencia aquellos razonamientos que ponen el acento en la evolución de los ingresos, para explicar dos aspectos del crecimiento económico: los cambios que se experimentaron en la dieta en los núcleos urbanos durante los siglos XIX y XX y los cambios que se experimentaron en la disponibilidad de sus componentes. En estos análisis también se consideran los cambios en los precios, pero en la medida que esta variable acostumbraba a tener valores más altos en las ciudades y que sus tendencias a escala espacial tendieron a confluir, su consideración acostumbra a ocupar un lugar secundario en los análisis mencionados.\nEn este artículo discutiremos estas cuestiones, analizando el consumo de proteínas animales en la ciudad de Barcelona entre mediados del siglo XIX y 1935.
Active Capacitor Voltage Balancing in Single-Phase Flying-Capacitor Multilevel Power Converters (2011)

Two active capacitor voltage balancing schemes are proposed for single-phase (H-bridge) flying-capacitor multilevel converters. They are based on the circuit equations of flying-capacitor converters. Consequently, they can be implemented using straightforward control rules. In particular, the first technique is based on an algorithm which follows the standard multilevel modulation. Then, it utilizes a redundant state selection table for capacitor voltage balancing. In the second method, multiple duty cycles are defined and modulated in direct response to the capacitor voltages. The most important advantage of these two proposed methods is that they can be utilized to converters with any desired number of levels in their output voltage. Moreover, the analysis and implementation of both methods are straightforward. Through simulation and experimental implementation, these methods are shown to be effective on capacitor voltage regulation in flying-capacitor multilevel converters.
Security Services for Multimedia Conferencing (1993)

Multimedia conferencing is the use of mixed media such as real-time audio, video, and groupware for group tele-collaboration. Multimedia conferencing may well become as widespread an application on network computers as electronic mail. The demand for security in multimedia conferencing is high because the users&amp;apos; expectation of being monitored is high. In this paper we discuss security services for protecting multimedia conferencing, how well these services scale to large conferences, and what security infrastructure is needed. 1. Introduction Electronic mail is perhaps the most popular application on networked computers. Several standards for secure electronic mail have evolved, including the Internet&amp;apos;s Privacy-enhanced Electronic Mail [L93] and the U.S. government&amp;apos;s Pre-Message Security Protocol [B93]. With the exception of electronic mail systems running on private networks protected by link encryption, secure electronic mail has been slow to mature. The slow growth is partially at...
Inhalation Therapy to Treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2012)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the pulmonary vascular system, which may lead to right-heart failure or early death in the absence of effective treatment. The current therapy for PAH mainly includes phosphodiesterase inhibitors, prostanoids and endothelin receptor antagonists. These, however, have adverse effects when administered via conventional routes. There is a clear and critical need for the development of a novel delivery system that can efficiently deliver the drug to lung vasculature and minimize adverse effects. This article summarizes the inhalation devices and recent patents in the area of inhalable therapy for the treatment of PAH. Various patents are discussed that describe the application of inhalable therapy to target lung vasculature and to reduce dose-related side effects in PAH treatment. Entry of some inhalable delivery approaches into clinical trials is the result of progress in inhalable therapies for the treatment of PAH.
Object Identification And Measurement From Images With Access To The Database To Select Specific Subpopulations Of Special Interest (1987)

An automated vision image analysis system to analyze images resulting from nucleic acid hybridizations is presented. Real-time image acquisition from autoradiographs is accomplished with a sensitivity to optical density to the degree that any spot visible by eye can be quantified by digital methods and enhanced by image processing techniques for observation. The system provides a tool for quantification of differences in gene expression, rapid processing of thousands of pairs of genes, storage in a database, search for small differences, large differences, and infrequently occuring genes. Background correction, normalization and pseudocolor &quot;mapping&quot; facilitate comparison and quantification directly from the CRT display. The image pairs, a percent change image and a difference image are presented in a quad display with coordinated spot density and change measurement simultaneously for each of the four images. The system provides a tool for analysis of altered gene expression in response to environmental stress, such as heat-shock and salt water in plant growth; hormone regulation, such as before and after hormone administration in animals; development; and carcinogenesis. The use of this system to study nucleic acid hybridization is contrasted with the study of 2-D protein electrophoresis gels for the determination of changes in gene expression and identification of corresponding proteins of significance.
Fibre Channel and ATM: the physical layers (2002)

As more high bandwidth applications develop, system designers are looking for networks to deliver them higher performance than the ones in service today. Future applications will require higher bandwidth on both local and wide area networks. Two emerging standards are starting to be deployed that will address this problem by offering a road map of data transmission rates into the gigabaud range. Fibre Channel was the first to emerge, and was initially developed as a high-speed point to point interface for linking processors and their peripherals. As the standard evolved, it included different interconnect topologies that can make it into a network as well. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the other standard that is currently evolving. ATM has a goal of being the complete end-to-end public network, but is currently in the very early development stages. It promises to offer the user the ability to send a wide variety of applications, with "on-demand" bandwidth, and potentially seamless interconnect between LAN and WAN boundaries. This paper briefly overviews both of these standards with an emphasis on their physical layers, and then compares them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Health Behaviors among Adolescents and Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (2008)

Many older adolescents and young adults with CHD are engaging in behaviors that may compromise their health. The impact of substance use and poor dental hygiene warrants further investigation. Nevertheless, health behaviors should be routinely discussed in this population.
Structuring electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber tissue scaffolds by femtosecond laser ablation (2007)

Meshes of electrospun (ES) polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene terephthalate nanofiber meshes were structured by ablation of linear grooves with a scanned femtosecond laser. Focus spot size, pulse energy, and scanning speed were varied to determine their affects on groove size and the characteristics of the electrospun fiber at the edges of these grooves. The femtosecond laser was seen to be an effective means for flexibly structuring the surface of ES PCL scaffolds. Femtosecond ablation resulted in much more uniformly ablated patterns compared to Q-switched nanosecond pulse laser ablation. Also, the width of the ablated grooves was well controlled by laser energy and focus spot size, although the grooves were significantly larger than the spot size. Also, some melting of fibers was observed at the edges of grooves. These affects were attributed to optical radiation from laser-induced plasma at higher pulse energies and melting of fibers at laser fluences lower than the ablation threshold. The ablation threshold for the PCL mesh was estimated to be significantly larger than that of bulk (solid) PCL, a result attributed to multiple scattering of the laser energy within the volume of the nanofiber mesh.
Mechanisms of ZnII-Activated Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents (2008)

We report on the mechanism of a series of Zn (II)-activated magnetic resonance contrast agents that modulate the access of water to a paramagnetic Gd (III) ion to create an increase in relaxivity upon binding of Zn (II). In the absence and presence of Zn (II), the coordination at the Gd (III) center is modulated by appended Zn (II) binding groups. These groups were systematically varied to optimize the change in coordination upon Zn (II) binding. We observe that at least one appended aminoacetate must be present as a coordinating group to bind Gd (III) and effectively inhibit access of water. At least two binding groups are required to efficiently bind Zn (II), creating an unsaturated complex and allowing access of water. (13)C isotopic labeling of the acetate binding groups for NMR spectroscopy provides evidence of a change in the metal coordination of these groups upon the addition of Zn (II) supporting our proposed mechanism of activation as presented.
Inhibition of Apolipoprotein E-Related Neurotoxicity by Glycosaminoglycans and Their Oligosaccharides (2002)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been genetically linked to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The role of this lipid-transport protein in AD remains to be established. One hypothesis is that apoE, particularly the apoE4 isoform, may have neurotoxic effects as demonstrated using apoE-related synthetic peptides and the N-terminal fragment of apoE. ApoE is a heparan-sulfate binding protein, and apoE peptide neurotoxicity can be blocked by heparin and prevented by degrading heparan sulfate or inhibiting its biosynthesis. The possibility that heparin inhibition of toxicity is mediated by a specific oligosaccharide sequence was investigated using a bioassay to determine the inhibition of apoE peptide toxicity by glycosaminoglycans and purified glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. Studies on modified heparins showed that the presence of N-sulfo groups and either 2- or 6-O sulfo groups were required for inhibition of toxicity. Heparin oligosaccharides with eight or more saccharide residues with seven O-sulfo groups and four N-sulfo groups exhibited potent inhibition. Larger oligosaccharides, and heparin and heparan sulfate polymers, afforded comparable, or somewhat better, protective effects but also caused clumping and detachment of cells when administrated alone.
Identification of autonomously replicating circular subtelomeric Y' elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1985)

We marked a large number of yeast telomeres within their Y' regions by transforming strains with a fragment of Y' DNA into which the URA3 gene had been inserted. A few of the Ura+ transformants obtained were very unstable and were found to contain autonomously replicating URA3-marked circular Y' elements in high copy number. These marked extrachromosomal circles were capable of reintegrating into the chromosome at other telomeric locations. In contrast, most of the Ura+ transformants obtained were quite stable mitotically and were marked at bona fide chromosomal ends. These stable transformants gave rise to mitotically unstable URA3-marked circular Y' elements at a low frequency (up to 2.5%). The likelihood that such excisions and integrations represent a natural process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is supported by our identification of putative Y' circles in untransformed strains. The transfer of Y' information among telomeres via a circular intermediate may be important for homogenizing the sequences at the ends of yeast chromosomes and for generating the frequent telomeric rearrangements that have been observed in S. cerevisiae.
The influence of iron status and genetic polymorphisms in the HFE gene on the risk for postoperative complications after bariatric surgery: a prospective cohort study in 1,064 patients (2011)

Serum iron status and HFE genotype may be associated with complications following RYGB surgery in the extremely obese.