gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. Core substructure in Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes: two new allophycocyanin and allophycocyanin B complexes. (1983)

Two new allophycocyanin-containing complexes were found among the products of partial dissociation of the phycobilisomes of Synechococcus 6301 strain AN112. These complexes were purified to homogeneity and characterized with respect to composition, stability, and spectroscopic properties. The structures of the complexes were established to be (alpha AP beta AP)3 . 10.5K and (alpha 1APB alpha 2AP beta 3AP) . 10.5 K, where alpha AP and beta AP are subunits of allophycocyanin, and alpha APB is the subunit of allophycocyanin B (see Lundell, D. J., and Glazer, A. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12600-12606), and 10.5K is an uncolored polypeptide of 10.5-kilodaltons. These complexes are derived from the core substructure of the phycobilisome. Electron microscopic studies of the morphology of the core of strain AN112 phycobilisomes (Yamanaka, G., Glazer, A. N., and Williams, R. C. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11004-11010) as well as structural studies of an 18 S subassembly derived from the phycobilisomes by partial dissociation (Yamanaka, G., Lundell, D. J., and Glazer, A. N. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4077-4086) indicated that the core assembly consisted of two cylindrical elements each made up of the same four distinct "trimeric" biliprotein-containing complexes. Two such core components, (alpha AP beta AP)3 and alpha 2AP beta 2AP. 18.3K . 75K (where 18.3K and 75K are polypeptides of 18.3- and 75-kilodaltons), were shown to be contained within the 18 S subassembly (Lundell, D. J., and Glazer, A. N. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 894-901). The isolation of the two allophycocyanin-containing complexes described here completes the characterization of the four types of components in the Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisome core. Two lines of evidence indicate that each of the four complexes is present twice in the core: comparison of the compositions (and yields) of the complexes with that of the intact AN112 phycobilisome, and near-coincidence of the molar absorption spectrum of the phycobilisome with that generated by summing the spectra of the constituent complexes taken in appropriate molar proportions.
Modeling of Laser Spallation Drilling of Rocks for Gas– and Oil Well Drilling (2005)

Abstract High power lasers can weaken, spall, melt and vaporize natural earth materials with thermal spallation being the most energy efficient rock removal mechanism.The most interesting focus of recent laser rock drilling research is on developing a laser rock spallation technique to drill large and deep holes in rocks, a potential application in gas and oil well drilling having a rock removal rate higher than that of conventional rotary drilling as well as that of flame-jet spallation.Research is also focused on using laser rock spallation to make perforation channels with improved permeability of the perforated rocks.However, laser rock spallation is a very complex phenomenon that depends on many factors.Fundamental understanding of this complex phenomenon is crucial to the success of its application to the petroleum industry. In this paper, we propose a combined approach to this complex problem, that is establishing models for each of the physical phenomena based on the finite difference method (FDM), then combining them into one numerical procedure using the Combined Unified Procedure (C-CUP) method.With this approach, the transient temperature and stress distributions in dry or water-saturated rocks exposed to a laser beam have been calculated.The spallation boundary and rock removal efficiency have been determined for different laser conditions.The modeling results provide a better understanding of laser rock spallation phenomenon and most importantly, guidelines for selecting processing parameters for fast rock removal.
Differential files (1976)

The representation of a collection of data in terms of its differences from some preestablished point of reference is a basic storage compaction technique which finds wide applicability. This paper describes a differential database representation which is shown to be an efficient method for storing large and volatile databases. The technique confines database modifications to a relatively small area of physical storage and as a result offers two significant operational advantages. First, because the “reference point” for the database is inherently static, it can be simply and efficiently stored. Second, since all modifications to the database are physically localized, the process of backup and the process of recovery are relatively fast and inexpensive.
Effect of Heat-Spreader Sizes on the Thermal Performance of Large Cavity-Down Plastic Ball Grid Array Packages (1999)

The effect of heat-spreader sizes on the temperature distribution, thermal resistance, and cooling power of a set of cost-effective cavity-down plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages assembled on a FR-4 epoxy glass printed circuit board (PCB) is presented. The sizes of these packages are 35 × 35 mm and 40 × 40 mm with 4 and 5 rows of solder balls.
Enhanced poly-?-hydroxybutyrate accumulation in a unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2006)

These results showed a good potential of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in accumulating poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, an appropriate raw material for biodegradable and biocompatible plastic. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate could be an important material for plastic and pharmaceutical industries.
Research Note: Combined Halogen Disinfectants in Poultry Processing (1990)

Three organic N-halamine compounds (combined halogen disinfectants) were compared with free chlorine (as calcium hypochlorite) as bactericides against Salmonella typhimurium and unidentified normal poultry bacterial flora under controlled conditions of pH, temperature, and halogen demand similar to those encountered in poultry processing. Two of the compounds (3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone and 1,3-dichloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone) at a concentration of 50 mg/L were found to cause a 99.9999% decline in viable organisms in less than 1 min at 48 C, whereas a third compound (1-bromo-3-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone) was found to be less suitable (5.6 min to 99.9999% decline under the same conditions).
Hostile, Hypoxia–A2-Adenosinergic Tumor Biology as the Next Barrier to Overcome for Tumor Immunologists (2014)

Hypoxia-driven, A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR)-mediated (hypoxia-A2-adenosinergic), T-cell-autonomous immunosuppression was first recognized as critical and nonredundant in protecting normal tissues from inflammatory damage and autoimmunity. However, this immunosuppressive mechanism can be highjacked by bacteria and tumors to provide misguided protection for pathogens and cancerous tissues. Inhibitors of the hypoxia-A2-adenosinergic pathway represent a conceptually novel type of immunologic coadjuvants that could be combined with cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and/or blockade of negative immunologic regulators to further prolong patient survival and to minimize treatment-related side effects. In support of this approach are preclinical studies and findings that some human cancers are resistant to chemotherapies and immunotherapies due to the tumor-generated extracellular adenosine and A2AR on antitumor T and natural killer (NK) cells. Among the coadjuvants are (i) antagonists of A2AR, (ii) extracellular adenosine-degrading drugs, (iii) inhibitors of adenosine generation by CD39/CD73 ectoenzymes, and (iv) inhibitors of hypoxia-HIF-1α signaling. Combining these coadjuvants with CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 blockade is expected to have additive or even synergistic effects of targeting two different antitumor protective mechanisms. It is expected that even after multicombinatorial blockade of negative immunologic regulators, the antitumor T and NK cells would still be vulnerable to inhibition by hypoxia and A2AR. Yet to be tested is the potential capacity of coadjuvants to minimize the side effects of CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 blockade by decreasing the dose of blocking antibodies or by eliminating the need for dual blockade.
Peripheral lung cancer: screening and detection with low-dose spiral CT versus radiography. (1996)

Low-dose spiral CT was superior to chest radiography in the screening and detection of peripheral lung cancer in high-risk individuals. Further large-scale studies are warranted, however, to clarify the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of low-dose spiral CT in a randomized, controlled population.
Stereochemistry of cis- and trans-Hinokiresinol and Their Estrogen-like Activity. (2000)

Naturally occurring phenylpropanoids, hinokiresinol (trans-hinokiresinol) and nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol) were found to possess appreciable estrogen receptor binding activity. Strong differences in activity were observed between the geometrical isomers and enantiomers. Among these, (3S)-cis-hinokiresinol displayed the highest activity, one order of magnitude greater than the activity of genistein. Furthermore, cis- and trans-hinokiresinol stimulated the proliferation of estrogen-dependent T47D breast cancer cells, and their stimulatory effects were blocked by an estrogen antagonist, indicating that the compounds are estrogen agonists. In addition, the absolute configuration of C-3 in (+)-cis-hinokiresinol has been assigned as S by comparison with the circular dichroism spectra of the hydrogenated products prepared from cis and trans ((3S)-trans-hinokiresinol: previously assigned) isomers. These results incidentally provide us with an unambiguous answer to contradictory reports regarding the assignment of the full stereochemisry of cis- and trans-hinokiresinol that have existed in the literature for more than two decades.
Estimation of power consumption for household electric appliances (2002)

A non-intrusive monitoring system estimates the behavior of individual electric appliances from the measurement of the total household load demand curve. The total load demand curve is measured at the entrance of the power line into the house. The power consumption of individual appliances can be estimated using several machine learning techniques by analyzing the characteristic frequency contents from the load curve of the household. We have already developed the monitoring system of ON/OFF states. This system could establish sufficient accuracy. In the next phase, the monitoring system should be able to estimate the power consumption for an air conditioner with an inverter circuit. In this paper, we present results of applying several regression methods such as multilayered perceptrons (MLP), radial basis function networks (RBFN) and support vector regressors (SVR) to estimate the power consumption of an air conditioner. Our experiments show that RBFN can achieve the best accuracy for the non-intrusive monitoring system.
Epizootic of viral enteritis in dogs in Thailand (1982)

An epizootic of enteritis occurred in dogs in Thailand during 1979. Observations were made on 44 dogs that had clinical signs of enteritis or had a recent history compatible with a clinical diagnosis of enteritis. Eight of the 44 dogs died. Gross and histopathologic examinations performed on these dogs revealed that the lesions were similar to those described for canine viral enteritis. Antigens that agglutinated rhesus macaque RBC were detected in feces from 4 of 20 dogs. Cytopathic effects were observed in canine A-72 cells after their inoculation with fecal suspensions from these 4 dogs and with a fecal suspension from another dog. Cell cultures inoculated with each of the suspensions produced antigens that agglutinated RBC. All hemagglutinating antigens were inhibited in the presence of feline panleukopenia virus antiserum. Using electron microscopy, parvovirus-like virions were observed in a fecal suspension from 2 dogs (1 dog that had antigen that agglutinated rhesus macaque RBC and 1 dog that was negative for feline panleukopenia virus). Canine parvovirus hemagglutination inhibition antibody was detected in sera from 33 of the 40 dogs examined, and canine coronavirus (CV) neutralizing antibody was found in 29 of 30 dogs. Antibody titer increases indicative of recent canine panleukopenia virus (CPV)-like virus and CV infections were observed in paired sera for 2 of 35 and for 5 of 30 of the dogs in Thailand were infected with CPV-like virus and a CV, and these viruses were most likely the cause of the epizootic of viral enteritis.
Analysis of c-kit Receptor Dimerization by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (1998)

Stem cell factor (SCF) binding to the c-kit receptor triggers homodimerization and intermolecular tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-kit receptor, thus initiating signal transduction. Receptor dimerization is a critical early step in this process. Prior biochemical studies of c-kit receptor dimerization have mainly used affinity cross-linking techniques, which are beset with problems including low efficiency of cross-linking and the usual requirement for radiolabeled SCF to detect the cross-linked complex. We used the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique to examine the effects of SCF and other hematopoietic cytokines on c-kitreceptor dimerization. The nonneutralizing anti–c-kit receptor monoclonal antibody 104D2 was directly conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or to the carbocyanine dye Cy3 and used to label cytokine-responsive human hematopoietic cell lines. The ability of SCF to induce c-kit receptor dimerization was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of FRET between the donor fluorochrome FITC and the acceptor fluorochrome Cy3. SCF induced a dose-dependent increase inc-kit receptor dimerization that correlated well with the concentrations of SCF required to stimulate cell proliferation. Receptor dimerization was detectable within 3 minutes after the addition of SCF and was maximal 30 minutes after the addition of SCF. Confocal microscopy showed redistribution of the c-kit receptor (from a diffuse distribution on the cell surface to “caps” at one end of the cell) within 3 minutes after SCF addition, followed by receptor internalization. Reappearance of the c-kit receptor on the cell surface required new protein synthesis, suggesting that thec-kit receptor is not recycled to the cell surface after internalization. Finally, erythropoietin (Epo), but not the structurally and functionally related cytokine thrombopoietin (Tpo), stimulated c-kit receptor dimerization detectable by FRET, and tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-kit receptor. These results suggest that exposure to Epo can activate the c-kit receptor and provide further evidence for cross-talk between the Epo andc-kit receptors in human hematopoietic cell lines. Studies with progeny of burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) suggest that the FRET technique is sufficiently sensitive to detectc-kit receptor dimerization on normal human hematopoietic cells.
Structural determination of the capsular polysaccharide antigen of type II group B Streptococcus. (1983)

I5The native polysaccharide antigen isolated from type I1 group B Streptococcus contains Dgalactose, D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-~-glucose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio of 3:2:1:1.The application of methylation and nmr spectroscopic analyses to the native type 11 antigen and some of its specifically degraded products enabled the structure of the native type I1 antigen to be elucidated.The native type I1 antigen is composed of the following repeating unit PD-Galp (1 + 4) PD-GIC~ (1 + 3) BD-GIC~ (1 + 2) PDGalp (1--4) b -G l c p N A c ( l + 3) 6 3 t T 1 2 PD-Galp aD-NeupNAc Unlike the native types Ia, Ib, and I11 group B streptococcal polysaccharides, the native type I1 antigen contains terminal 8-D-galactopyranosyl residues in addition to terminal sialic acid residues.The terminal sialic acid residues of the native type I1 antigen are also unique among those of the other group B streptococcal antigens in that they are not neuraminidase-sensitive and are attached directly to the backbone of the type I1 antigen.
DnaJ/hsp40 chaperone domain of SV40 large T antigen promotes efficient viral DNA replication. (1997)

The amino-terminal domain of SV40 large tumor antigen (TAg) is required for efficient viral DNA replication. However, the biochemical activity associated with this domain has remained obscure. We show here that the amino-terminal domain of TAg shares functional homology with the J-domain of DnaJ/hsp40 molecular chaperones. DnaJ proteins function as cofactors by regulating the activity of a member of the 70-kD heat shock protein family. Genetic analyses demonstrated that amino-terminal sequences of TAg comprise a novel J-domain that mediates a specific interaction with the constitutively expressed hsc70 and show that the J-domain is also required for efficient viral DNA replication in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the J-domain of two human DnaJ homologs, HSJ1 or DNAJ2, could substitute functionally for the amino-terminus of TAg in promoting viral DNA replication. Together, our findings suggest that TAg uses its J-domain to support SV40 DNA replication in a manner that is strikingly similar to the use of Escherichia coli DnaJ by bacteriophage lambda in DNA replication. However, TAg has evolved a more efficient strategy of DNA replication through an intrinsic J-domain to associate directly with a partner chaperone protein. Our observations provide evidence of a role for chaperone proteins in the process of eukaryotic DNA replication.
The Effects of Specific Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Trichoderma Spp. on the Growth of Wood Decay Basidiomycetes (2001)

Summary Previous work by Srinivasan et al. (1992) and Bruce et al. (1996) has shown that inhibition of wood decay fungi by volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. is dependent on the type of growth media and age of the Trichoderma colony. Wheatley et al. (1997) identified five volatile organic compounds produced by Trichoderma spp. that may be inhibitory to wood decay fungi. The effects of four of these compounds (Acetone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, heptanal and octanal) were tested over a range of concentrations against four selected wood decay fungi. Fungi were incubated in malt extract broth under appropriate conditions and growth was estimated by biomass production and respiration rates. Growth of all four fungi was affected by at least one of the compounds, usually by inhibition but occasionally stimulation. All but two of the fungus/chemical combinations showed significant effects on biomass development ( P &lt; 0.05) and fifteen of the sixteen combinations produced a significant concentration effect on respiration rates ( P &lt; 0.05). The aldehydes, heptanal and octanal, were very effective against all four wood decay fungi. All four fungi were inhibited by more than 80% at 25 μg ml −1 by heptanal and three of the four fungi were totally inhibited at 250 μg ml −1 . Acetone did not inhibit the four wood decay fungi and even stimulated fungal growth at some concentrations. 2-methyl-1-butanol was only effective at the highest concentration of 2500 μg ml −1 . The implications of these results for the biological control of wood decay fungi and future studies are discussed.
RFCPUs on glass and plastic substrates fabricated by TFT transfer technology (2006)

On the basis of the fabrication of a CPU on glass as a digital circuit presented in B. Lee et al. (2003) and T. Ikeda et al. (2004), as well as the fabrication of a flexible CPU using a TFT transfer technology presented in T. Takayama et al. (2004), we have succeeded in the development of the world's first flexible RFCPUs (8bit, passive type) by adding to the CPU an antenna, an analog circuit, an encryption function and an RFID function, which operate using an RF signal with a frequency of 13.56MHz
Identification of a major up-stream transcription start site for the human progonadotropin-releasing hormone gene used in reproductive tissues and cell lines. (1993)

Previous studies suggested that GnRH gene transcripts in human tissues may be derived from an upstream transcriptional start site in addition to the well characterized hypothalamic start site. To resolve this issue we characterized the transcriptional start sites of the human GnRH gene in a human placental tumor cell line (JEG) and a human breast tumor cell line (MDA). Using primer extension and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, we identified a discrete upstream transcriptional start site 579 bases up-stream from the hypothalamic site in both JEG and MDA cell lines. The up-stream start site lacks the TATA and CAAT elements often present in RNA polymerase-II promoters, but contains the sequence GGTCTTGCT located 84 bases 5' to the up-stream start site similar to other genes that lack TATA/CAAT boxes. RT-PCR quantitation shows that the up-stream start site is the major transcriptional start site, representing 74% of the cytoplasmic transcripts in JEG cells and 67% in MDA cells. Supporting this observation, transfection assay using a human GnRH promoter/luciferase reporter gene construct containing only the up-stream transcription start site has a higher level of transcriptional activity than the human GnRH promoter/luciferase reporter construct containing only the down-stream start site. A high relative abundance (approximately 45%) of total GnRH mRNAs were also found in the nucleus of both cell lines, which did not appear to be a consequence of the nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation procedure. To determine if this upstream start site was used in normal GnRH-expressing human tissues, we analyzed RNA from a variety of postmortem/surgical procedure tissue samples. RT-PCR analysis together with Southern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of GnRH mRNA in human pituitary, cerebral cortex, testes, ovary, and mammary gland for the first time as well as verified GnRH gene expression in hypothalamus and placenta. The up-stream transcriptional start site is used only in reproductive tissues, such as placenta, testes, ovary, and mammary gland, suggesting tissue-specific regulation at this site.
Cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 in a chemostat with toluene as the primary substrate (1994)

Pseudomonas cepacia G4 is capable of cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) if the organism is grown on certain aromatic compounds. To obtain more insight into the kinetics of TCE degradation and the effect of TCE transformation products, we have investigated the simultaneous conversion of toluene and TCE in steady-state continuous culture. The organism was grown in a chemostat with toluene as the carbon and energy source at a range of volumetric TCE loading rates, up to 330 mumol/liter/h. The specific TCE degradation activity of the cells and the volumetric activity increased, but the efficiency of TCE conversion dropped when the TCE loading was elevated from 7 to 330 mumol/liter/h. At TCE loading rates of up to 145 mumol/liter/h, the specific toluene conversion rate and the molar growth yield of the cells were not affected by the presence of TCE. The response of the system to varying TCE loading rates was accurately described by a mathematical model based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics and competitive inhibition. A high load of 3,400 mumol of TCE per liter per h for 12 h caused inhibition of toluene and TCE conversion, but reduction of the TCE load to the original nontoxic level resulted in complete recovery of the system within 2 days. These results show that P. cepacia can stably and continuously degrade toluene and TCE simultaneously in a single-reactor system without biomass retention and that the organism is more resistant to high concentrations and shock loadings of TCE than Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b.