gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Framework for Evaluating Semitransparent Photovoltaic Windows (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTQuantitative Framework for Evaluating Semitransparent Photovoltaic WindowsBenjamin E. Treml† and Tobias Hanrath*‡View Author Information‡ †Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Energy Lett. 2016, 1, 2, 391–394Publication Date (Web):July 21, 2016Publication History Received23 May 2016Accepted30 June 2016Published online21 July 2016Published inissue 12 August 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00167https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00167article-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1234Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrical conductivity,Photovoltaics,Power,Solar cells,Solar energy Get e-Alerts
Generating Particle Beams of Controlled Dimensions and Divergence: I. Theory of Particle Motion in Aerodynamic Lenses and Nozzle Expansions (1995)

A particle beam is produced when a particle-laden gas expands through a nozzle into a vacuum. This work discusses the theoretical basis of a novel method for producing highly collimated and tightly focused particle beams. The approach is to pass the particle-laden gas through a series of axisymmetric contractions and enlargements (so-called aerodynamic lenses) before the nozzle expansion. Particles are moved closer to the axis by a lens if the particle sizes are less than a critical value and particles can be confined very closely to the axis by using multiple lenses in series. Since particles close to the axis experience small radial drag forces, they stay close to the axis during nozzle expansion and therefore form a narrow particle beam downstream. The major effects that limit the minimum beam width are Brownian motion and lift forces on particles during the nozzle expansion. Simple theoretical models are developed in this work to estimate the minimum particle beam width set by these effects. While the Brownian-motion effects occur for all types of particles, the lift-force effects only occur for nonspherical particles but are often much greater than the Brownian-motion effects.
Avoid Mask Re-use in Masked Galois Multipliers (2008)

The article of record as published may be located at http://eprint.iacr.org/2009/012
Downregulation of Pdcd4 by mir-21 facilitates glioblastoma proliferation in vivo (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play a critical role in developmental and physiological processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including cancer. They function by regulating target gene expression post-transcriptionally. In this study, we examined the role of oncogenic mir-21 in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. We have previously reported that mir-21 is expressed at higher levels in primary glioblastoma-tissue and glioblastoma-derived cell lines than in normal brain tissue. We demonstrate that downregulation of mir-21 in glioblastoma-derived cell lines results in increased expression of its target, programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a known tumor-suppressor gene. In addition, our data indicate that either downregulation of mir-21 or overexpression of its target, Pdcd4, in glioblastoma-derived cell lines leads to decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and decreased colony formation in soft agar. Using a glioblastoma xenograft model in immune-deficient nude mice, we observe that glioblastoma-derived cell lines in which mir-21 levels are downregulated or Pdcd4 is over-expressed exhibit decreased tumor formation and growth. Significantly, tumors grow when the glioblastoma-derived cell lines are transfected with anti-mir-21 and siRNA to Pdcd4, confirming that the tumor growth is specifically regulated by Pdcd4. These critical in vivo findings demonstrate an important functional linkage between mir-21 and Pdcd4 and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which the known high level of mir-21 expression in glioblastoma can attribute to tumorigenesis--namely, inhibition of Pdcd4 and its tumor-suppressive functions.
High-linearity 208-MS/s photonic analog-to-digital converter using 1-to-4 optical time-division demultiplexers (2001)

This letter describes a demonstration of a photonic analog-to-digital converter operating at 208 MS/s and utilizing phase-encoded optical sampling to achieve an 87-dB two-tone third-order intermodulation-free dynamic range. A pair of LiNbO/sub 3/ 1-to-4 optical time-division demultiplexers with >35-dB channel extinction distribute the 30-ps sampling pulses to an array of photonic integrate-and-reset circuits followed by 12-b 52-MS/s electronic quantizers. Interleaving spurs due to temporal crosstalk currently limit the overall spur-free dynamic range to 65 dB.
Mechanism of polar body formation in the mouse oocyte: an interaction between the chromosomes, the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane* (1986)

The influence of mouse oocyte chromosomes on their immediate environment has been investigated following their dispersal by dissolution of the metaphase spindle with nocodazole. Small clusters of chromosomes become redistributed around the egg cortex in a microfilament-dependent process. Each cluster has the capacity, on removal from nocodazole, to organize a spindle that rotates to yield a polar body. In this process of spindle formation, the chromosome clusters are able both to promote tubulin polymerization in their vicinity and to recruit microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs) which organize the polymerized tubulin into spindles. In addition each oocyte chromosome cluster, as well as the non-dispersed sperm-derived haploid group of chromosomes, induces a focal accumulation of subcortical actin (corresponding to a filamentous area devoid of organelles) and a loss of surface Concanavalin A binding activity (corresponding to a loss of surface microvilli) in the overlying cortex. This induction ceases with the formation of pronuclei whether or not the pronuclei migrate centrally. Pronuclear formation is sensitive to the action of nocodazole for up to 2-4 h postinsemination, and pronuclear migration is totally sensitive to the drug. If pronuclei are blocked in a peripheral location by nocodazole they are associated with an elevation in Con A binding activity of the overlying membrane which corresponds to an area of the surface rich in blebby microvilli.
Fabrication of photonic crystals by deep x-ray lithography (1997)

We have developed a new microfabrication technique for the construction of three-dimensional photonic crystals. In particular, we used multiple tilted x-ray lithography exposures in order to construct structures with photonic band gaps in the infrared region. First polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resist layers with a thickness of 500 μm were irradiated, then the holes in the resist structure were filled with preceramic polymer and subsequent pyrolysis converts the preceramic polymer into a SiCN ceramic. Theoretical results with fitted values of the dielectric constant are in good agreement with the transmission measurements.
Non-covalent DNA groove-binding by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (1994)

The cooked meat mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is metabolized in vivo to electrophilic intermediates that covalently bind to DNA guanines. Here we address the mechanism of PhIP's non-covalent interaction with DNA by using spectroscopic and computational methodologies. NMR methodologies indicated that upon addition of DNA, PhIP aromatic protons underwent a small, 0.11-0.12 p.p.m. upfield shift. DNA phosphorus resonances of non-covalent PhIP-DNA complexes broadened and slightly shifted upfield, while DNA base imino proton resonances shifted slightly downfield relative to DNA alone. UV and fluorescence spectra of PhIP titrated with DNA showed no detectable shifting and hypochromism of absorbance or fluorescence bands. In the presence of DNA, PhIP fluorescence was efficiently quenched by acrylamide, but not by silver ion. Further, the NMR spectra suggest that PhIP is in fast exchange with the DNA, and is slightly specific for adenine-thymine (A-T) sequences. Finally, structural arguments based on quantum chemistry calculations suggested that PhIP and its metabolites are unlikely to intercalate into DNA. These data collectively indicate that PhIP non-covalently binds in a groove of DNA.
Phosphate Prodrugs Derived from N-Acetylglucosamine Have Enhanced Chondroprotective Activity in Explant Cultures and Represent a New Lead in Antiosteoarthritis Drug Discovery (2008)

We report the application of the phosphoramidate ProTide approach, developed by us for antiviral nucleosides, to sugar derivatives with potential chondroprotection against osteoarthritis. In particular, N-acetylglucosamine was converted to a series of 06 arylaminoacyl phosphoramidates with ester and amino acid variation. Compounds were prepared by two routes, with or without sugar protection, and were isolated as phosphate diastereoisomers. The compounds were assayed for cellular toxicity and for inhibition of IL-1 induced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release (i.e., proteoglycan degradation) from bovine articular cartilage in vitro explant cultures. By comparison to the N-acetyl glucosamine parent, some of the analogues show a significant enhancement in efficacy in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine-induced proteoglycan degradation.
Cosinusoidal transforms in white light (1984)

Theory and techniques of white light interferometry have been studied to devise an optoelectronic hybrid for diffraction pattern sampling. For an incoherently illuminated input scene, we obtain an output intensity that is the 2-D spatial cosine transform of the input plus a bias term. The bias can be subtracted electronically to within shot noise fluctuation limitations. The optical system consists of a double-imaging interferometer with a beam-splitter cube and crossed right-angle-prism reflectors followed by an achromatic-optical-transform lens pair. A photodiode array is placed in the optical transform plane, and this is coupled to a digital computer for further signal processing. Theoretical results are presented for the synthesis of the cosinusoidal transform configuration. From Fresnel-zone theory, a general form is derived for the impulse response of a cascade of ideal thin lenses, and this is used to design Fourier transform achromats that are well suited to this application. Experiments are presented showing cosine transforms for rough objects and for objects in reflection using illumination of negligible spatial coherence at the object. Excellent sensitivity is obtained with the bias subtraction, and a high space–bandwidth product is attained for the system.
Copper Binding to the Amyloid-β (Aβ) Peptide Associated with Alzheimer's Disease (2004)

There is now direct evidence that copper is bound to amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) in senile plaque of Alzheimer's disease. Copper is also linked with the neurotoxicity of Abeta and free radical damage, and Cu(2+) chelators represent a possible therapy for Alzheimer's disease. We have therefore used a range of complementary spectroscopies to characterize the coordination of Cu(2+) to Abeta in solution. The mode of copper binding is highly pH-dependent. EPR spectroscopy indicates that both coppers have axial, Type II coordination geometry, square-planar or square-pyramidal, with nitrogen and oxygen ligands. Circular dichroism studies indicate that copper chelation causes a structural transition of Abeta. Competition studies with glycine and l-histidine indicate that copper binds to Abeta-(1-28) at pH 7.4 with an affinity of K(a) approximately 10(7) m(-1). (1)H NMR indicates that histidine residues are involved in Cu(2+) coordination but that Tyr(10) is not. Studies using analogues of Abeta-(1-28) in which each of the histidine residues have been replaced by alanine or in which the N terminus is acetylated suggest that the N terminus and His(13) are crucial for Cu(2+) binding and that His(6) and His(14) are also implicated. Evidence for the link between Alzheimer's disease and Cu(2+) is growing, and our studies have made a significant contribution to understanding the mode of Cu(2+) binding to Abeta in solution.
Kinetics of healing of grafted and nongrafted wounds on the distal portion of the forelimbs of horses (1992)

Full-thickness, circular, cutaneous wounds (5 cm in diameter) were created on the distal portion of the forelimbs of 6 horses. One wound on each horse was treated with 6 full-thickness punch grafts that were obtained from the horse's neck with a 6-mm skin biopsy punch and inserted in the graft sites on day 14 after wounding. The wound on the contralateral limb was not grafted. A combination of ticarcillin disodium and clavulanate potassium was applied to the wounds when bandages were changed to control bacterial infection. Areas of each wound were measured on days 1, 7, 9, 11, 13 through 15, 17 through 22, 24, 26, 29, and 32 after wounding. Three distinguishable phases of healing were observed (expansion, contraction, and epithelialization), and the time course of each phase was evaluated, using formulas of first-order processes. Rate constants of each phase were not significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by punch grafts.
Linking Ligand-Induced Alterations in Androgen Receptor Structure to Differential Gene Expression: A First Step in the Rational Design of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (2006)

We have previously identified a family of novel androgen receptor (AR) ligands that, upon binding, enable AR to adopt structures distinct from that observed in the presence of canonical agonists. In this report, we describe the use of these compounds to establish a relationship between AR structure and biological activity with a view to defining a rational approach with which to identify useful selective AR modulators. To this end, we used combinatorial peptide phage display coupled with molecular dynamic structure analysis to identify the surfaces on AR that are exposed specifically in the presence of selected AR ligands. Subsequently, we used a DNA microarray analysis to demonstrate that differently conformed receptors facilitate distinct patterns of gene expression in LNCaP cells. Interestingly, we observed a complete overlap in the identity of genes expressed after treatment with mechanistically distinct AR ligands. However, it was differences in the kinetics of gene regulation that distinguished these compounds. Follow-up studies, in cell-based assays of AR action, confirmed the importance of these alterations in gene expression. Together, these studies demonstrate an important link between AR structure, gene expression, and biological outcome. This relationship provides a firm underpinning for mechanism-based screens aimed at identifying SARMs with useful clinical profiles.
Male breast carcinoma (1999)

Compared with data from female breast carcinoma patients, 5-year OS for this series was low; however, when these patients were separated by lymph node status, survival was similar for those with axillary lymph node metastases. Despite a change in standard primary surgical treatment and an increased use of chemotherapy and hormone therapy over the study period, no difference in outcome was observed among these males. In the absence of prospective, randomized clinical trials, collection of comprehensive data on the presentation and management of male breast carcinoma may help to optimize clinical care.
Pulsed free jets: novel nonlinear media for generation of vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet radiation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulsed free jets: novel nonlinear media for generation of vacuum ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet radiationCharles T. Rettner, Ernesto E. Marinero, Richard N. Zare, and Andrew H. KungCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 20, 4459–4465Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150664a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j150664a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transposase is the only nematode protein required for in vitro transposition of Tc1. (1996)

The Tc1 element of Caenorhabditis elegans is a member of the most widespread class of DNA transposons known in nature. Here, we describe efficient and precise transposition of Tc1 in a cell-free system. Tc1 appears to jump by a cut-and-paste mechanism of transposition. The terminal 26 bp of the Tc1 terminal repeats together with the flanking TA sequence are sufficient for transposition. The target site choice in vitro is similar to that in vivo. Transposition is achieved with an extract prepared from nuclei of transgenic nematodes that overexpress Tc1 transposase but also by recombinant transposase purified from Escherichia coli. The simple reaction requirements explain why horizontal spread of Tc1/mariner transposons can occur. They also suggest that Tcl may be a good vector for transgenesis of diverse animal species.
Programmed Death-1 and Its Ligand Are Novel Immunotolerant Molecules Expressed on Leukemic B Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2012)

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immunoreceptor predominantly expressed on exhausted T cells, which through an interaction with its ligand (PD-L1), controls peripheral tolerance by limiting effector functions of T lymphocytes. qRT-PCR for PD-1, PD-L1 and their splicing forms as well as flow cytometric assessment of surface expression was performed in a cohort of 58 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. In functional studies, we assessed the influence of the proliferative response of leukemic B-cells induced by IL-4 and CD40L on PD-1 transcripts and expression on the protein level. The median level of PD-1, but not PD-L1, transcripts in CLL patients was higher in comparison to healthy volunteers (HVs, n = 43, p = 0.0057). We confirmed the presence of PD-1 and PD-L1 on the CLL cell surface, and found the expression of PD-1, but not PD-L1, to be higher among CLL patients in comparison to HVs (47.2% vs. 14.8%, p<0.0001). The Kaplan-Meier curves for the time to progression and overall survival in groups with high and low surface expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 revealed no prognostic value in CLL patients. After stimulation with IL-4 and CD40L, protein expression of PD-1 was significantly increased in samples that responded and up-regulated CD38. PD-1, which is aberrantly expressed both at mRNA and cell surface levels in CLL cells might represent a novel immunotolerant molecule involved in the pathomechanism of the disease, and could provide a novel target for future therapies.
On the possibility of intraocular adaptive optics (2003)

We consider the technical possibility of an adaptive contact lens and an adaptive eye lens implant based on the modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector, aimed to correct the accommodation loss and higher-order aberrations of the human eye. Our first demonstrator with 5 mm optical aperture is capable of changing the focusing power in the range of 0 to +3 diopters and can be controlled via a wireless capacitive link. These properties make the corrector potentially suitable for implantation into the human eye or for use as an adaptive contact lens. We also discuss possible feedback strategies, aimed to improve visual acuity and to achieve supernormal vision with implantable adaptive optics.
Potential pathogenicity of deglycosylated IgG cross reactive with streptokinase and fibronectin in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1996)

The enhanced capacity of RA anti-LTSRPA IgG immune complexes to activate complement C5 to C5a is directly correlated with their binding capacity to MBP. As MBP binding depends on exposed mannose or N-acetylglucosamine residues in the Fc region of the IgG molecule, these studies suggest that defective glycosylation of circulating anti-SK IgG may play a role in the etiology of RA.
Contributions of Quisqualate and NMDA Receptors to the Induction and Expression of LTP (1988)

The contributions of two subclasses of excitatory amino acid transmitter receptors to the induction and expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) were analyzed in hippocampal slices. The quisqualate/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX (6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione) blocked 85% of the evoked field potential, leaving a small response that was sensitive to D-AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate), an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. This residual D-AP5-sensitive response was of comparable size in control and previously potentiated inputs. High-frequency stimulation in the presence of DNQX did not result in the development of robust LTP. Washout of the drug, however, revealed the potentiation effect. Thus NMDA-mediated responses can induce, but are not greatly affected by, LTP; non-NMDA receptors, conversely, mediate responses that are not needed to elicit LTP but that are required for its expression.
Electronic Signature of DNA Nucleotides via Transverse Transport (2005)

We report theoretical studies of charge transport in single-stranded DNA in the direction perpendicular to the backbone axis. We find that, if the electrodes which sandwich the DNA have the appropriate spatial width, each nucleotide carries a unique signature due to the different electronic and chemical structure of the four bases. This signature is independent of the nearest-neighbor nucleotides. Furthermore, except for the nucleotides with guanine and cytosine bases, we find that the difference in conductance of the nucleotides is large for most orientations of the bases with respect to the electrodes. By exploiting these differences it may be possible to sequence single-stranded DNA by scanning its length with conducting probes.