gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically sectioned imaging by oblique plane microscopy (2008)

This paper describes a new optically sectioning microscopy technique based on oblique selective plane illumination combined with oblique imaging. This method differs from previous selective plane illumination techniques as the same high numerical aperture lens is used to both illuminate and image the specimen. Initial results obtained using fluorescent pollen grains are presented, together with a measurement of the resolution of the system and an analysis of the potential performance of future systems. Since only the plane of the specimen that is being imaged is illuminated, this technique is particularly suited to time-lapse 3-D imaging of sensitive biological systems where photobleaching and phototoxicity must be kept to a minimum, and it could also be applied to image microfluidic technology for lab-on-a-chip, cytometry and other applications.
Nanoscale Electrocatalysis: Visualizing Oxygen Reduction at Pristine, Kinked, and Oxidized Sites on Individual Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

There is a prevailing and widely adopted view that carbon nanotubes, which are finding considerable application in energy, healthcare, and electronics applications, are highly (electro)catalytically inert unless modified, doped, or defected. By visualizing the electrochemical reduction of oxygen (hydrogen peroxide generation) at high resolution along pristine (defect-free) regions of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes, we show that there is, in fact, significant activity comparable to that of standard gold electrocatalysts. Moreover, the activity is greatly enhanced at strained (kinked) sites and regions modified by oxidation. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are thus effective electrocatalysts in their own right and not just supports for other materials.
Nonproductive kappa immunoglobulin genes: recombinational abnormalities and other lesions affecting transcription, RNA processing, turnover, and translation. (1985)

Six nonproductive kappa immunoglobulin genes (kappa- alleles) were cloned and sequenced. The structural abnormalities discerned from sequence analysis were correlated with functional lesions at the level of transcription, RNA processing, turnover, and translation. Four kappa- alleles, three containing V kappa genes and one not, are transcribed at normal or even greater than normal rates, the defects in these genes being expressed at various posttranscriptional levels. The other two kappa- alleles, both of which lacked V genes, exhibited greatly depressed yet clearly detectable transcriptional activity. These results are consistent with a hierarchical relationship between enhancer and promoter elements in which the enhancer establishes transcriptional competence at the kappa locus and the promoter (or pseudopromoter) determines the relative level of transcriptional activity. One of the structural abnormalities discovered in this study, a large deletion which removes the entire J kappa region, also provides new insight into the mechanism of VJ and VDJ recombination.
GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology and Implementation (1998)

From the Publisher:
This practical book provides an extremely comprehensive, up-to-date, and easy-to-understand treatment of the entire GSM network and the signaling methods of its terrestrial interfaces. You learn how to analyze network problems, what measurements you have to take to solve them, and where in a scenario you will find the desired information or parameter. The book introduces you to all the interfaces between the GSM subsystems, starting with the Abis- and Air- Interface and continuing on to VLR's, HLR's and MSC's within the Network Switching Subsystem (NSS). You learn about the various signaling standards or methods used in GSM, including TCAP and MAP and how to apply this knowledge when working with GSM networks.

A special feature of the book is its extensive glossary that explains abbreviations, terms, parameters, counters, and messages frequently encountered when working with GSM. In addition, it features numerous figures, tables, lists, statistical formulas, real-life examples, and everyday comparisons to give you a detailed reference that's quick to use and easy to understand. You get A-to-Z coverage of dozens of topics, including: 

>Signaling standards like LAPD, LAPDm, SS7, SCCP, TCAP  GSM applications such as RR, MM, CC, MAP  and all the protocols used in GSM such as LAPD, ISUP, MAP, TCAP, SS7, SCCP, BSSAP, and more

>The Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) and Home Location Register (HLR)

>The OSI reference model and its applicability to GSM

>Failure resolution both in the lab and on site 

>Measurements required to analyze network problems  and the dependencies of failure messages

This detailedbook is a practical handbook for engineers involved with all aspects of the GSM infrastructure  from research and development ( to installation, operation, and on-site management ( to technical support, maintenance, and testing. It is also a comprehensive self-study guide for engineers, other technical professionals, and university-level students with a basic knowledge of telecommunications who want to learn about the complex signaling architectures employed in GSM networks.
Evolvable Internet hardware platforms (2002)

Network routing platforms and Internet firewalls of the next decade will be radically different than the platforms of today. They will contain modular components that can be dynamically reconfigured over the Internet. But, unlike the active networks that are in the research labs today, these new platforms will not suffer from the performance penalty of processing packets in software. These platforms will implement routing, packet filtering and queuing functions in reprogrammable hardware. The hardware of the system will evolve over time as packet processing algorithms and protocols progress. The granularity of the system will be configurable down to the level of the logic gates. These logic gates, and the interconnections between them, will be reconfigurable over the Internet. These routers will enable new services to be rapidly deployed over the Internet and operate at the full rate of the Internet backbone link. Through the development of the Field Programmable Port Extended (FPX), a platform has been built that demonstrates how networking modules can be used for rapid prototype and deployment of networking hardware. The platform includes high-speed network interfaces, multiple banks of memory and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic. Applications have been developed for the FPX that include Internet packet routing, data queuing and application-level data modification. The FPX is currently used as a component in an evolvable router.
Experiences of developing and deploying a context-aware tourist guide (2000)

The GUIDE system has been developed to provide city visitors with a hand-held context-aware tourist guide. The system has been successfully deployed in a major tourist destination and is currently at the stage where it is publicly available to visitors who wish to explore the city. Reaching this stage has been the culmination of a number of distinct research efforts. In more detail, the development of GUIDE has involved: capturing a real set of application requirements, investigating the properties of a cell-based wireless communications technology in a built-up environment and deploying a network based on this technology around the city, designing and populating an information model to represent attractions and key buildings within the city, prototyping the development of a distributed application running across portable GUIDE units and stationary cell-servers and finally, evaluating the entire system during an extensive field-trial study. This paper reports on our results in each of these areas. We believe that through our work on the GUIDE project we have produced a blueprint for the development of interactive context-aware systems that should be of real value to those in the community who wish to develop such systems in a practical environment.
Sensitive assay of RNA interference in Drosophila and Chinese hamster cultured cells using firefly luciferase gene as target (2000)

A sensitive cellular assay system for RNA interference was developed using the firefly luciferase gene as target. RNA interference was noted not only in Drosophila cultured cells but Chinese hamster cells (CHO-K1) as well, although double-stranded RNA required for the latter was 2500 times more than for the former. Cognate double-stranded RNA as short as 38 bp was found to be still capable of inducing RNA interference in Drosophila cultured cells.
MicroRNAs: At the Root of Plant Development? (2003)

Although most genes use RNA in the form of mRNA as a coding intermediate for protein production, there are many genes whose final products are RNA. These noncoding RNAs range from the familiar transfer and ribosomal RNAs to the more recently discovered regulatory RNAs. One type of regulatory RNA was
Glia Induce Dendritic Growth in Cultured Sympathetic Neurons by Modulating the Balance between Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and BMP Antagonists (2002)

Dendritic growth in cultured sympathetic neurons requires specific trophic interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that either coculture with glia or exposure to recombinant bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is both necessary and sufficient to induce dendrite formation. These observations led us to test the hypothesis that BMPs mediate glial-induced dendritic growth. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies indicate that the spatiotemporal expression of BMP5, -6, and -7 in rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) is consistent with their proposed role in dendritogenesis. In vitro, both SCG glia and neurons were found to express BMP mRNA and protein when grown in the presence or absence of the other cell type. However, addition of ganglionic glia to cultured sympathetic neurons causes a marked increase in BMP proteins coincident with a significant decrease in follistatin and noggin. Functional assays indicate that glial-induced dendritic growth is significantly reduced by BMP7 antibodies and completely inhibited by exogenous noggin and follistatin. These data suggest that glia influence the rapid perinatal expansion of the dendritic arbor in sympathetic neurons by increasing BMP activity via modulation of the balance between BMPs and their antagonists.
Signed Online Chromatic Dispersion Detection at 40Gb/s with a Sub-ps/nm Dynamic Accuracy (2002)

A DFS TX laser is amplitude-modulated by 1.2%rms. In the presence of dispersion, associated FM modulates signal arrival time, which is measured with sub-fs error by lock-in detection of oscillator control voltage in RX clock recovery.
Absolute configuration by asymmetric synthesis of (+)-1-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol) (practolol) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute configuration by asymmetric synthesis of (+)-1-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol) (practolol)J. C. Danilewicz and J. E. G. KempCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 2, 168–169Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00260a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (305 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (1987)

A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words chosen for sensory, affective and total descriptors. The SF-MPQ also includes the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index of the standard MPQ and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The SF-MPQ scores obtained from patients in post-surgical and obstetrical wards and physiotherapy and dental departments were compared to the scores obtained with the standard MPQ. The correlations were consistently high and significant. The SF-MPQ was also shown to be sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate differences due to treatment at statistical levels comparable to those obtained with the standard form. The SF-MPQ shows promise as a useful tool in situations in which the standard MPQ takes too long to administer, yet qualitative information is desired and the PPI and VAS are inadequate.
Fast marching solution for the social path planning problem (2014)

Traditional path planning for robots is a well-studied problem. However, the classical setting of the problem is simple to state: plan a path for a robot, starting from an initial point, and ending at a desired target point, given an environmental map, usually in the form of an occupancy grid. In this setting though, no special consideration is given to humans; they are thought of simply, as being obstacles in the environment, equivalent to chairs or walls. However, with more robots entering human spaces, special consideration needs to be given: humans need special treatment as obstacles, and furthermore humans can also serve the goal of goal points, towards starting a social interaction; either individual humans or groups of humans. Also, special mechanisms are required for engaging and disengaging in such interactions, taking into account psychological considerations of proxemics. In this paper, we first introduce our unifying theoretical framework for all the subproblems of social path planning; then, we propose an extended mode for engaging groups of people; and then, by using a special version of the fast-marching square planning method, we present and demonstrate actual algorithmic solutions for the social path planning subproblems. Our results prove the strengths of our approach and its generalizability. Finally, concrete further steps are discussed.
Modelling of the pharmacodynamic interaction of an A1 adenosine receptor agonist and antagonist in vivo: N6‐cyclopentyladenosine and 8‐cyclopentyltheophylline (1995)

1. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for the interaction between an adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist in vivo. The adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and the antagonist, 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT) were used as model drugs. The CPA-induced reduction in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were used as measurements of effect. 2. Four groups of eight rats each received 200 micrograms kg-1 of CPA i.v. in 5 min during a steady-state infusion of CPT at a rate of 0, 57, 114 or 228 micrograms kg-1 h-1. The haemodynamic parameters were continuously measured and frequent blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. 3. CPT had no influence on the pharmacokinetics of CPA and the baseline values of the haemodynamic variables. Furthermore, no clear antagonism by CPT was observed of the CPA-induced reduction in mean arterial pressure. However, CPT antagonized the effect on heart rate, and with increasing CPT concentrations, a parallel shift of the CPA concentration-effect relationship to the right was observed. 4. An agonist-antagonist interaction model was used to characterize the interaction quantitatively. On the basis of this model, the pharmacodynamic parameters of both CPA and CPT could be estimated. For CPA the values were (mean +/- s.e.): Emax = 198 +/- 11 b.p.m., EC50 = 2.1 +/- 0.7 ng ml-1, Hill factor = 2.3 +/- 0.6 and for CPT: EC50 = 3.7 +/- 0.3 ng ml-1 and Hill factor = 3.1 +/- 0.1. 5. It is concluded that the competitive agonist-antagonist interaction model may be of value to characterize quantitatively the pharmacodynamic interactions between adenosine A1 receptor ligands in vivo.
Tools and techniques for solvent selection: green solvent selection guides (2016)

Driven by legislation and evolving attitudes towards environmental issues, establishing green solvents for extractions, separations, formulations and reaction chemistry has become an increasingly important area of research. Several general purpose solvent selection guides have now been published with the aim to reduce use of the most hazardous solvents. This review serves the purpose of explaining the role of these guides, highlighting their similarities and differences. How they can be used most effectively to enhance the greenness of chemical processes, particularly in laboratory organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry, is addressed in detail.
George E. Brown memorial lecture. Oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular injury. (1985)

Acute, severe increases in arterial blood pressure cause sustained cerebral arteriolar dilation, abnormal reactivity to carbon dioxide and to changes in blood pressure, abolition of endothelium-dependent dilation from acetylcholine, discrete morphological lesions of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to plasma proteins. The dilation, abnormal reactivity, and morphological abnormalities are inhibited by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors or with free radical scavengers. Superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium applied to the brain surface was detectable both during hypertension and one hour after hypertension subsided. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction is also reduced by inhibitors of the anion channel. The abnormalities seen after hypertension are reproduced by topical application of arachidonate. The results are consistent with the view that acute hypertension induces generation of superoxide anion radical in association with accelerated arachidonate metabolism via cyclooxygenase. This radical enters cerebral extracellular space via the anion channel and gives rise to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. All three radicals are capable of causing vasodilation by relaxation of cerebral vascular smooth muscle. The hydroxyl radical is the most likely candidate for vascular wall damage. The significance of this mechanism in chronic experimental hypertension or its relevance to human disease is not known.
Morphogenesis of the Node of Ranvier: Co-Clusters of Ankyrin and Ankyrin-Binding Integral Proteins Define Early Developmental Intermediates (1997)

AnkyrinG 480/270 kDa and three ankyrin-binding integral membrane proteins (neurofascin, NrCAM, and the voltage-dependent sodium channel) colocalize within a specialized domain of the spectrin-actin network found at axonal segments of nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons. Before myelination in embryonic nerves, ankyrinG 480/270 kDa and the related ankyrin isoform ankyrinB 440 kDa are co-expressed along with NrCAM in an abundant, continuous distribution along the length of axons. This study has resolved intermediate stages in the developmental transition from a continuous distribution of ankyrinG 480/270 kDa in all axons to a highly polarized localization at the node of Ranvier in the developing rat sciatic nerve. The first detected event is formation of clusters containing the cell adhesion molecules neurofascin and NrCAM at sites independent of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-staining Schwann cell processes. Subsequent steps involve recruitment of ankyrinG 480/270 kDa and the voltage-dependent sodium channel to cluster sites containing cell adhesion molecules, and elaboration of MAG-staining Schwann cell processes adjacent to these cluster sites. Formation of the mature node of Ranvier results from the fusion of asynchronously formed pairs of clusters associated with MAG-positive Schwann cells flanking the site of presumed node formation. Studies with the hypomyelinating mutant mouse trembler demonstrate that the elaboration of compact myelin is not required for the formation of these clustered nodal intermediates. Clustering of neurofascin and NrCAM precedes redistribution of ankyrinG 480/270 kDa and the voltage-dependent sodium channel, suggesting that the adhesion molecules define the initial site for subsequent assembly of ankyrin and the voltage-dependent sodium channel.
ERM family members as molecular linkers between the cell surface glycoprotein CD44 and actin-based cytoskeletons. (1994)

The ERM family members, ezrin, radixin, and moesin, localizing just beneath the plasma membranes, are thought to be involved in the actin filament/plasma membrane association. To identify the integral membrane protein directly associated with ERM family members, we performed immunoprecipitation studies using antimoesin mAb and cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine or surface-labeled with biotin. The results indicated that moesin is directly associated with a 140-kD integral membrane protein. Using BHK cells as antigens, we obtained a mAb that recognized the 140-kD membrane protein. We next cloned a cDNA encoding the 140-kD membrane protein and identified it as CD44, a broadly distributed cell surface glycoprotein. Immunoprecipitation with various anti-CD44 mAbs showed that ezrin and radixin, as well as moesin, are associated with CD44, not only in BHK cells, but also in mouse L fibroblasts. Furthermore, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that in both BHK and L cells, the Triton X-100-insoluble CD44 is precisely colocalized with ERM family members. We concluded that ERM family members work as molecular linkers between the cytoplasmic domain of CD44 and actin-based cytoskeletons.
Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links (1999)

This document describes a method for compressing the headers of IP/UDP/RTP datagrams to reduce overhead on low-speed serial links. In many cases, all three headers can be compressed to 2-4 bytes.
The significance of fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, colophony and propolis as screening tools in the detection of fragrance allergy (2001)

The number of positive reactions to fragrance screening allergens in a standard patch test series may be used as a rule of thumb for predicting a positive outcome of a more detailed testing to fragrances. Propolis is an important allergen in its own right but its value as a screening substance for fragrance allergy is limited.