gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations of Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor with Age, Race, Sex, and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis (1993)

Several coagulation proteins have been implicated as possible risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic diseases, among which are factor VIII and von Willebrand factor. As part of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective study designed to assess risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic diseases, baseline measurements of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) were performed to determine their relationship to the development of atherosclerosis. We herein report the associations of factor VIII and vWF with constitutional, lifestyle, and biochemical factors. Factor VIII and vWF were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.73), and, therefore, had similar associations with risk factors. Mean levels of both factors were higher in women than in men, in blacks than in whites, and increased with age. In univariate analysis, both were positively associated with diabetes, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, serum insulin, and plasma triglycerides. Both were negatively associated with alcohol intake, educational level, physical activity (with some exceptions), and HDL-cholesterol. No correlations were observed between factor VIII or vWF and plasma LDL-cholesterol or lipoprotein(a). Although factor VIII was negatively associated with smoking in both sexes, vWF was not associated with smoking status. Most of these associations were confirmed in multivariate analysis. The strongest associations observed were of factor VIII and vWF with race and diabetes. In multivariate analysis, blacks had factor VIII and vWF levels 15 to 18 percentage points higher than whites, and diabetics had factor VIII and vWF levels 11 to 18 percentage points higher than non-diabetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autoantigens targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus are clustered in two populations of surface structures on apoptotic keratinocytes. (1994)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem autoimmune disease in which the autoantibody response targets a variety of autoantigens of diverse subcellular location. We show here that these autoantigens are clustered in two distinct populations of blebs at the surface of apoptotic cells. The population of smaller blebs contains fragmented endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ribosomes, as well as the ribonucleoprotein, Ro. The larger blebs (apoptotic bodies) contain nucleosomal DNA, Ro, La, and the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. These autoantigen clusters have in common their proximity to the ER and nuclear membranes, sites of increased generation of reactive oxygen species in apoptotic cells. Oxidative modification at these sites may be a mechanism that unites this diverse group of molecules together as autoantigens.
Modulation of nucleocytosolic [Ca 2+ ] gradient in smooth muscle by protein phosphorylation (1994)

In resting DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cells, the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) was higher than the free Ca2+ concentration in the nucleus ([Ca2+]n). However, this nucleocytosolic [Ca2+] gradient was reversed by Ca2+ agonists like ATP or, as is shown here, by the epidermal growth factor (EGF). The ATP-induced reversal of the nucleocytosolic [Ca2+] gradient was blocked by stimulation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or with the diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor R59949, or by inhibition of the Ser/Thr-specific protein phosphatases-1 and -2A with okadaic acid or calyculin A. Moreover, the magnitude of the ATP-induced reversal of the [Ca2+] gradient diminished during prolonged culture of the cells. The EGF-induced [Ca2+] rise in the cytosol and nucleus was blocked by okadaic acid and by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors herbimycin A and psi-tectorigenin. Our data suggest that the nucleocytosolic [Ca2+] gradient is modulated by (de)phosphorylation processes catalyzed by tyrosine protein kinases, by protein kinase C, and by Ser/Thr protein phosphatases-1 and -2A.
17β-Estradiol Antiinflammatory Activity in Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy (2000)

We have recently demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) opposes cytokine-dependent increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in rat smooth muscle cells and proposed that this effect might be associated to an antiinflammatory activity of this hormone. In the present study, we examine the E2 effects on a well-known in vivo model of inflammation. We show that, in carrageenan treatment of ovariectomized rats, prior exposure to E2 significantly attenuated inflammatory response as measured by histological examination and exudate production. The effect was visible with a single injection of a physiological dose of E2 1 h before the carrageenan treatment and was blocked by coadministration of the estrogen receptor antagonists ICI 182,780 or tamoxifen. This latter observation suggests that the effect is receptor mediated. The mechanisms by which estradiol has beneficial effects in this model of inflammation are unclear: we show that in hormonally treated rats there is a decrease in polymorphonuclear cells migration as shown by cell counting and myeloperoxidase measurement. In addition, E2 pretreatment opposes carrageneen-induced high lipid peroxidation maintaining malondialdehyde activity at control levels. E2 treatment decreases NO production and the activity of iNOS with consequent diminished nitrite synthesis and nitrosine accumulation. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis for poly (ADP-ribose) synthase revealed a positive staining in lungs from carrageenan-treated rats that was blocked by estradiol treatment. We conclude that E2 attenuates the degree of inflammation and tissue damage associated with carrageenan-induced pleurisy in the rat.
Effects of exercise training on mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (2006)

Endothelial dysfunction not only precedes the development of significant coronary artery stenosis, it has also been identified as a general phenomenon predicting future cardiovascular events in patients who are at risk. As regular physical activity as a part of a multifactorial intervention has been shown to affect symptoms beneficially, increase myocardial perfusion and--most importantly--reduce mortality in patients with coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, this review will elucidate potential mechanisms responsible for the improvement in survival as a result of regular physical activity. The importance of exercise training-mediated regression of coronary stenosis, collateral formation, correction of endothelial dysfunction including the adaptation at the molecular level, as well as vasculogenesis will be discussed as possible underlying key players, and their potential contribution to the training-induced survival benefit in patients with coronary heart disease will be critically evaluated.
Acoustic coagulation of aerosols (2013)

Flue gas from combustion or syngas from gasification can contain fine particles, so called aerosols. These can be potentially harmful for downstream equipment or if emitted to the atmosphere, be inhaled by humans and cause respiratory problems. Standard practice to mitigate this is to use a cyclone which has a low filtration efficiency for sub-micron sized particles. In the 1920s it has been accidentally discovered that acoustic waves can coagulate aerosols to form bigger sized agglomerates. It has been suggested to use acoustic waves as a pre-treatment step before using a cyclone to increase the filtration efficiency without inducing a pressure or temperature drop on the flow. A study was done on the possible mechanisms for this coagulation and these are used in a population model based on Smoluchowski’s equation. The first mechanism is the orthokinetic particle interaction, which describes a relative velocity of two particles with different entrainment in relation to the velocity field of the acoustic wave. The second mechanism is the acoustic wake effect, an effect in which the distance between particles decreases due to the mutual slipstreaming in an oscillating flow. To verify if the correct physical relations are identified a lab scale setup was built. An of the shelf piezo-electric transducer intended for under water cleaning was taken apart and put into a FEM model. This model was validated with the use of various measurement methods and concluded was that the FEM model is a good tool to predict the mode shapes and Eigen frequencies, but unable to predict the magnitude of the vibration. The model was extended with the design of an ultrasonic horn and radiation plate. With these build, sound pressure levels of over 150dB at 41kHz were achieved which are a significant improvement of the transducer without the horn and plate. Three different experiment series were performed with aerosols of different composition, concentration and particle size. In the first series an aerosol was created by atomizing paraffin oil, which created a visible fog. The treatment of this with an acoustic field resulted in an increase of particle deposition in the coagulation chamber. In the second experiment series, the aerosol was formed by atomizing a brine solution to form NaCl crystals. The particles coagulated and a shift in the particle size distribution was measured in accordance with the model. The overall coagulation rate is still an uncertainty because of the inability to properly the measure the intensity of the acoustic field inside the chamber. A final experiment was done with brine atomization, but with helium as a carrier gas which has a lower density than air. As a result the flow rate of the atomizer has to be increased which resulted in a decrease of residence time. Coagulation was measured, but not entirely according to the model predictions. Concluded was that the model which is based on the orthokinetic particle interaction and the acoustic wake effect is able to predict the coagulation, but in some circumstances it appears that an effect is missing from the model.
Diffusion bonding of Al–Li alloys (1992)

Methods for diffusion bonding of Al–Li alloys in the solid state and via a transient liquid phase are described and the factors that affect bond quality are discussed. Bond shear strength values at room temperature and peel strength values at room temperature and at superplastic forming temperatures are compared. The possibility of combining diffusion bonding with superplastic forming to manufacture multiple sheet structures is considered. It is concluded that under the most favourable processing conditions and on a small scale, combined diffusion bonding and superplastic forming of Al–Li 8090 alloy is now possible. Future developments will involve the optimisation of the process for cost effective commercial applications.MST/1608
TinkerCell: modular CAD tool for synthetic biology (2009)

An ideal CAD application for engineering biological systems would provide features such as: building and simulating networks, analyzing robustness of networks, and searching databases for components that meet the design criteria. At the current state of synthetic biology, there are no established methods for measuring robustness or identifying components that fit a design. The same is true for databases of biological parts. TinkerCell's flexible modeling framework allows it to cope with changes in the field. Such changes may involve the way parts are characterized or the way synthetic networks are modeled and analyzed computationally. TinkerCell can readily accept third-party algorithms, allowing it to serve as a platform for testing different methods relevant to synthetic biology.
Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase with 2-difluoromethylornithine: reduced incidence of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in mice. (1983)

2-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) was administered to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-treated mice to reduce colonic polyamine levels and mucosal hyperplasia. Mice received 1% DFMO in drinking water throughout the experiment and were given injections of DMH (20 mg/kg) weekly for 28 weeks. DFMO inactivated 93% of colonic ornithine decarboxylase activity. Although DMH treatment did not induce colonic ornithine decarboxylase activity by Week 28, the putrescine content was increased 31% in DMH-treated mice (p less than 0.01). Concurrent treatment with DFMO depressed putrescine content (42 to 63%) and spermidine content (27 to 38%), but it increased spermine content (18 to 22%). At Week 28 of treatment with DMH alone, RNA content was increased 8.6% (p less than 0.01), DNA content 10% (p less than 0.01), DNA specific activity 24% (p less than 0.01), and crypt depth 20% (p less than 0.01), but not in mice receiving DMH and DFMO. At 28 weeks, 13 of 17 mice (76%) treated with DMH alone had histologically confirmed colon cancers; of mice treated with DMH and DFMO, two of 18 (11%) had colonic tumors. Throughout the experiment, 50 colon cancers developed in 16 DMH-treated mice (mean, 3.12 tumors/mouse); three mice treated with DMH and DFMO developed three colon cancers total (p less than 0.001). Reduction of colonic polyamine levels after DFMO treatment prevents proliferative changes induced by DMH and reduces the incidence of tumors.
Objective evaluation of through-focus optical performance of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses using an optical bench system (2011)

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Space-frequency-time coded OFDM for broadband wireless communications (2002)

In this paper, we propose and analyze an efficient space-frequency-time coded OFDM technique for high-speed transmission over wireless links. Joint use of space-time trellis coding and space-time block coding is considered. It is shown that the maximum achievable diversity order increases linearly not only with the number of transmit and receive antennas but also with the number of multiple paths provided that a proper joint coding scheme is employed. Because of the orthogonality of space-time block codes, space-time trellis codes with low trellis complexity can be used to efficiently achieve the full diversity provided by the fading channel. This is in contrast to traditional space-frequency coded OFDM systems, where we need to design space-time trellis codes with very high trellis complexity to exploit the maximum achievable diversity of the fading channel. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the significant performance improvement achieved by the proposed space-frequency-time coded OFDM technique.
Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi's sarcomae (1996)

Detection of novel DNA sequences in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and AIDS-related body cavity-based, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas suggests that these neoplasms are caused by a previously unidentified human herpesvirus. We have characterized this agent using a continuously infected B-lymphocyte cell line derived from an AIDS-related lymphoma and a genomic library made from a KS lesion. In this cell line, the agent has a large episomal genome with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of 270-kb linear DNA markers during clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. A 20.7-kb region of the genome has been completely sequenced, and within this region, 17 partial and complete open reading frames are present; all except one have sequence and positional homology to known gammaherpesvirus genes, including the major capsid protein and thymidine kinase genes. Phylogenetic analyses using both single genes and combined gene sets demonstrated that the agent is a gamma-2 herpesvirus (genus Rhadinovirus) and is the first member of this genus known to infect humans. Evidence for transient viral transmission from infected to uninfected cells is presented, but replication-competent virions have not been identified in infected cell lines. Sera from patients with KS have specific antibodies directed against antigens of infected cell lines, and these antibodies are generally absent in sera from patients with AIDS without KS. These studies define the agent as a new human herpesvirus provisionally assigned the descriptive name KS-associated herpesvirus; its formal designation is likely to be human herpesvirus 8.
Antisense-induced exon skipping for duplications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2007)

The correction of DMD duplications by exon skipping depends on the specific exons targeted. Its options vary from the ideal one, restoring for the first time the true, wild type dystrophin, to requiring more 'classical' skipping strategies, while the correction of multi-exon deletions may need the design of tailored approaches.
G Protein-coupled Receptors (1998)

The majority of transmembrane signal transduction in response to hormones and neurotransmitters is mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). 1 Moreover, GPCRs are the principal signal transducers for the senses of sight and smell. GPCRs are characterized by seven membrane-spanning domains with an extracellular N terminus and a cytoplasmic C terminus (Fig. 1) (GPCR structure reviewed in Refs.1-3). Based on certain key sequences, GPCRs can be divided into three major subfamilies, receptors related to rhodopsin (type A), receptors related to the calcitonin receptor (type B), and receptors related to the metabotropic receptors (type C).
Survival, Physiology, and Lysis of Lactococcus lactis in the Digestive Tract (1999)

The survival and the physiology of lactococcal cells in the different compartments of the digestive tracts of rats were studied in order to know better the fate of ingested lactic acid bacteria after oral administration. For this purpose, we used strains marked with reporter genes, the luxA-luxB gene of Vibrio harveyi and the gfp gene of Aequora victoria, that allowed us to differentiate the inoculated bacteria from food and the other intestinal bacteria. Luciferase was chosen to measure the metabolic activity of Lactococcus lactis in the digestive tract because it requires NADH, which is available only in metabolically active cells. The green fluorescent protein was used to assess the bacterial lysis independently of death. We report not only that specific factors affect the cell viability and integrity in some digestive tract compartments but also that the way bacteria are administrated has a dramatic impact. Lactococci which transit with the diet are quite resistant to gastric acidity (90 to 98% survival). In contrast, only 10 to 30% of bacteria survive in the duodenum. Viable cells are metabolically active in each compartment of the digestive tract, whereas most dead cells appear to be subject to rapid lysis. This property suggests that lactococci could be used as a vector to deliver specifically into the duodenum the proteins produced in the cytoplasm. This type of delivery vector would be particularly appropriate for targeting digestive enzymes such as lipase to treat pancreatic deficiencies.
Therapy of Small Subcutaneous B-Lymphoma Xenografts with Antibodies Conjugated to Radionuclides Emitting Low-Energy Electrons (2005)

These results extend previous evidence that antibody conjugates with emitters of low-energy electrons can be effective therapeutic agents for micrometastatic cancer.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Mortality From All Causes and Diseases of the Circulatory System Among Adults in the United States (2012)

The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics is a strong predictor of mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system.
Increased Levels of Interleukin 33 in Sera and Synovial Fluid from Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (2009)

IL-33 levels were elevated in sera and SF samples from patients with RA, and correlated with disease activity. IL-33 was produced mainly in inflamed joints; IL-33/ST2L signaling might play an important role in joint inflammation of human RA.
Stabilization of glucose oxidase in alginate microspheres with photoreactive diazoresin nanofilm coatings (2005)

The nanoassembly and photo-crosslinking of diazo-resin (DAR) coatings on small alginate microspheres for stable enzyme entrapment is described. Multilayer nanofilms of DAR with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were used in an effort to stabilize the encapsulation of glucose oxidase enzyme for biosensor applications. The activity and physical encapsulation of the trapped enzyme were measured over 24 weeks to compare the effectiveness of nanofilm coatings and crosslinking for stabilization. Uncoated spheres exhibited rapid loss of activity, retaining only 20% of initial activity after one week, and a dramatic reduction in effective activity over 24 weeks, whereas the uncrosslinked and crosslinked {DAR/PSS}-coated spheres retained more than 50% of their initial activity after 4 weeks, which remained stable even after 24 weeks for the two and three bilayer films. Nanofilms comprising more polyelectrolyte layers maintained higher overall activity compared to films of the same composition but fewer layers, and crosslinking the films increased retention of activity over uncrosslinked films after 24 weeks. These findings demonstrate that enzyme immobilization and stabilization can be achieved by using simple modifications to the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.
Phase I Trial of Intratumoral Injection of an Adenovirus Encoding Interleukin-12 for Advanced Digestive Tumors (2004)

Intratumoral injection of up to 3 x 10(12) viral particles of Ad.IL-12 to patients with advanced digestive malignancies is a feasible and well-tolerated procedure that exerts only mild antitumor effects.
Rubisco Activase Is Required for Optimal Photosynthesis in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in a Low-CO2 Atmosphere (2003)

Abstract This report describes a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant that lacks Rubisco activase (Rca). Using the Ble R (bleomycin resistance) gene as a positive selectable marker for nuclear transformation, an insertional mutagenesis screen was performed to select for cells that required a high-CO2 atmosphere for optimal growth. The DNA flanking the Ble R insert of one of the high-CO2-requiring strains was cloned using thermal asymmetric interlaced-polymerase chain reaction and inverse polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The flanking sequence matched the C. reinhardtii Rca cDNA sequence previously deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The loss of a functional Rca in the strain was confirmed by the absence of Rca mRNA and protein. The open reading frame for Rca was cloned and expressed in pSL18, a C. reinhardtii expression vector conferring paromomycin resistance. This construct partially complemented the mutant phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of Rca was the reason the mutant grew poorly in a low-CO2 atmosphere. Sequencing of the C. reinhardtii Rca gene revealed that it contains 10 exons ranging in size from 18 to 470 bp. Low-CO2-grown rca1 cultures had a growth rate and maximum rate of photosynthesis 60% of wild-type cells. Results obtained from experiments on a cia5 rca1 double mutant also suggest that the CO2-concentrating mechanism partially compensates for the absence of an active Rca in the green alga C. reinhardtii.
Surface activated bonding of silicon wafers at room temperature (1996)

A method to bond silicon wafers directly at room temperature was developed. In this method, surfaces of two silicon samples are activated by argon atom beam etching and brought into contact in a vacuum. By the infrared microscope and KOH etching method, no void at the bonded interface was detected in all the specimens tested. In the tensile test, fracture occurred not at the interface but mainly in the bulk of silicon. From these results, it is concluded that the method realizes strong and tight bonding at room temperature and is promising to assemble small parts made by the silicon wafer process.