gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison Study of the Solution Phase versus Solid Phase Place Exchange Reactions in the Controlled Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

Gold nanoparticles offer tremendous potential in the areas of nanoelectronics, bio- and chemosensors, and catalysis. However, before these applications are realized, the surface functionality of nanoparticles must be better controlled. Our lab has recently reported a novel synthetic approach for making monofunctionalized nanoparticles through a solid phase place exchange reaction. Monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles may also be prepared through a solution phase place exchange reaction. In this study, we compared the efficiency of these two separate approaches toward controlled functionalization of gold nanoparticles by (1)H NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. We found that the solid phase place exchange approach is much more efficient at producing monofunctionalized gold nanoparticles. (1)H NMR data were used to give a semiquantitative count of substituted bifunctional ligands, and FT-IR spectra supported these findings. Furthermore, we used a diamine coupling reaction of nanoparticles to show the presence of single or multiple functional groups on the nanoparticle surface by TEM analysis.
Structural basis for ligand and heparin binding to neuropilin B domains (2007)

Neuropilin (Nrp) is a cell surface receptor with essential roles in angiogenesis and axon guidance. Interactions between Nrp and the positively charged C termini of its ligands, VEGF and semaphorin, are mediated by Nrp domains b1 and b2, which share homology to coagulation factor domains. We report here the crystal structure of the tandem b1 and b2 domains of Nrp-1 (N1b1b2) and show that they form a single structural unit. Cocrystallization of N1b1b2 with Tuftsin, a peptide mimic of the VEGF C terminus, reveals the site of interaction with the basic tail of VEGF on the b1 domain. We also show that heparin promotes N1b1b2 dimerization and map the heparin binding site on N1b1b2. These results provide a detailed picture of interactions at the core of the Nrp signaling complex and establish a molecular basis for the synergistic effects of heparin on Nrp-mediated signaling.
Drawing Lines in the Mud: Giving Back (or trying to) in Northern Cameroon (2014)

This research note is part of the thematic section, Practical Realities of Giving Back, in the special issue titled “Giving Back in Field Research,” published as Volume 10, Issue 2 in the Journal of Research Practice.
Turmeric Extracts Containing Curcuminoids Prevent Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

Turmeric has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for inflammatory disorders including arthritis. On the basis of this traditional usage, dietary supplements containing turmeric rhizome and turmeric extracts are also being used in the western world for arthritis treatment and prevention. However, to our knowledge, no data are available regarding antiarthritic efficacy of complex turmeric extracts similar in composition to those available for use as dietary supplements. Therefore, the studies described here were undertaken to determine the in vivo efficacy of well-characterized curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts in the prevention or treatment of arthritis using streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, a well-described animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritic index, a clinical measure of joint swelling, was used as the primary endpoint for assessing the effect of extracts on joint inflammation. An essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction containing 41% of the three major curcuminoids was efficacious in preventing joint inflammation when treatment was started before, but not after, the onset of joint inflammation. A commercial sample containing 94% of the three major curcuminoids was more potent in preventing arthritis than the essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction when compared by total curcuminoid dose per body weight. In conclusion, these data (1) document the in vivo antiarthritic efficacy of an essential oil-depleted turmeric fraction and (2) suggest that the three major curcuminoids are responsible for this antiarthritic effect, while the remaining compounds in the crude turmeric extract may inhibit this protective effect.
Integrin-Linked Kinase Regulates Vasomotor Function by Preventing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling (2011)

Our results identify ILK as a regulatory partner of eNOS in vivo that prevents eNOS uncoupling, and suggest ILK as a therapeutic target for prevention of endothelial dysfunction related to shear stress-induced vascular diseases.
The making of a user friendly MAOI diet. (1996)

The concerns about perpetuating an overly restrictive MAOI diet include the avoidance by prescribers of a potentially useful treatment option, excessive limitations on lifestyle for patients, and increased risk to patients secondary to noncompliance with the diet. We propose an MAOI diet that has a solid scientific and clinical basis and that is, above all, practical.
Performance Indicators and School Development (1989)

Abstract Performance indicators are currently a vogue concept. In this paper some national and international perspectives on the term are described and an analysis made of recent Government publications on the topic. Two current attempts to use performance indicators in TVEI are discussed and a methodology for linking performance indicators to school development is described. The paper concludes that, in order to contribute to quality in education, performance indicators need to be linked to school development plans and to focus on student outcomes and the internal conditions of schools.
Selecting for Ethnically Diverse Children Who May Be Gifted Using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Naglieri Nonverbal Abilities Test. (2007)

tive abilities in question include IQ tests, standardized achievement tests, and aptitude tests. Chambers et al. (1980) and Stephens et al. (1999) report that many of these tests are culturally loaded verbal assessment devices that do not take into consideration the colloquial language used by many culturally different children. A second explanation for the underrepresentation of ethnically diverse children in gifted education programs is that many of these children may not have acquired the skills necessary to be successful in demanding programs for gifted students (Mills, Stork, & Krug, 1992; Mills & Tissot, 1995). Many of the under-represented students can be considered educationally disadvantaged as a result of educational, linguistic, cultural, and other environmental factors, causing disparity in test performance. These differences could be a result of inconsistencies in skill acquisition at the time of the test, and not test bias (Mills et al., 1992; Mills & Tissot, 1995). Inadequate academic preparation may be the reason many ethnically diverse children who may be gifted fail to be identified with traditional forms of assessment. These children may not have acquired the knowledge base necessary to be identified for programs that build upon previously learned academic skills. According to the Javits federal definition found in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001), giftedness refers to
Total Synthesis of (±)-Communesin F (2007)

Total synthesis of the complex polycyclic indole alkaloid (±)-communesin F has been accomplished in 23 reaction steps in about 3% overall yield. The key steps relied on a highly efficient methodology for assembling the pentacyclic substructure 2 with the C7 quaternary carbon, the stereoselective preparation of the second C8 quaternary carbon by a two-step one-pot O-allylation and consecutive 3,3-rearrangement (2 to 3), and the stereoselective acid-catalyzed cyclization of 4 to form the azepine ring (5). These highly stereoselective reactions guaranteed the stereochemical results, allowing the construction of the C, E, F, and G ring systems.
A New Blocking Method for Application of Murine Monoclonal Antibody to Mouse Tissue Sections (1998)

Antigen detection with primary antibody of the same species as the test tissue is complicated by high levels of background staining when indirect immunohistochemical detection methods are used. This severely limits the use of murine monoclonal antibodies on tissues of the mouse, the most widely used experimental model system; no method for blocking this is fully satisfactory. Here we show that background staining encountered in this system results largely from the binding of secondary antibodies via both Fc and Fab to endogenous immunoglobulins and other tissue components. A simple and efficient blocking strategy was established, employing papain-digested whole fragments of unlabeled secondary anti-mouse Igs enriched with Fc fragment of the same Igs. We have used this method to visualize dystrophin, an antigen expressed at low level, in revertant fibers of mdx mouse by both immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods. In combination with the use of a biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemical detection protocol with biotinylated anti-mouse F(ab')2 as second layer, we eliminated the heavy background in this system and achieved strong signal amplification to demonstrate the specific antigen clearly. Double labeling with one mouse antibody and one antibody from another species was performed without signal interference. This principle can be adapted for wider applications, such as antibodies of other species on homologous tissues and perhaps where high background is found with heterologous antibodies. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:977-983, 1998)
Interaction of vitamins C and E as better cosmeceuticals (2007)

Although many cosmeceutical formulations contain vitamin C and/or vitamin E, very few are actually effective in topical application. First because there is only a low concentration, second because the stability is compromised as soon as the product is opened and exposed to air and light, and third because the form of the molecule (an ester or a mixture of isomers) is not absorbed or metabolized effectively by the skin. However, when a stable formulation delivers a high concentration of the nonesterified, optimal isomer of the antioxidant, vitamins C and E do indeed inhibit the acute ultraviolet (UV) damage of erythema, sunburn, and tanning as well as chronic UV photoaging and skin cancer. Both are highly effective depigmenting agents. Topical vitamin C also increases collagen synthesis in both young and old fibroblasts. Because vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E, the combination in a cosmeceutical formulation is synergistic - particularly in UV protection.
Regulatory T Cells Shape the Resident Memory T Cell Response to Virus Infection in the Tissues (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well known for their role in dampening the immune responses to self-Ags and, thereby, limiting autoimmunity. However, they also must permit immune responses to occur against foreign infectious agents. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus infection, we examined the role of Tregs in the generation of effector and memory T cell responses in the secondary lymphoid organs, as well as the infected tissues. We found that Treg numbers and activation increased in both the secondary lymphoid organs and CNS postinfection. Using Foxp3(DTR) knock-in mice, we found that Treg-deficient mice had increased Ag-driven production of IFN-γ from both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the spleen and CNS during the effector phase. In mice lacking Tregs, there were greater numbers of short-lived effector CD8(+) T cells in the spleen during the peak of the immune response, but the memory CD8(+) T cell response was impaired. Specifically, we demonstrate that Treg-dependent production of TGF-β results in increased expression of CD103 on CD8(+) T cells, thereby allowing for a large pool of resident memory T cells to be maintained in the brain postinfection.
Bridged nicotines. Synthesis of cis-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBridged nicotines. Synthesis of cis-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinolineCharles G. Chavdarian, Jeffrey I. Seeman, and Jan B. WootenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 4, 492–494Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00152a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00152a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioactive Endophytes Warrant Intensified Exploration and Conservation (2008)

The novelty of our contribution is that we have combined bioinformatic analyses that document the diversity found in environmental samples with culturing and bioassays. These results highlight the hidden hyperdiversity of endophytic fungi and the urgent need to explore and conserve hidden microbial diversity. This study also showcases how undergraduate students can obtain data of great scientific significance.
Diagnostic criteria of limited adenocarcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy (1995)

Over a period of 25 weeks 434 needle biopsy specimens of the prostate were sent to the author for consultation because of diagnostic concerns. The final diagnoses were cancer (69%), benign (13%), atypical but not diagnostic (10%), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (5%), and miscellaneous (3%). The most common benign entities mimicking cancer were atrophy (29 specimens) and adenosis (19 specimens). The 300 cancer specimens were analyzed further. Architecturally, the presence of small glands between larger benign glands was the most common pattern seen in 80% of carcinomas; haphazard growth patterns, single cells, and cribriform glands were seen less frequently. The following diagnostic features were helpful: nuclear enlargement (77% of specimens); prominent nucleoli (76%); pink acellular intraluminal secretions (53%); amphophilic cytoplasm (39%); blue-tinged mucinous secretions (34%); crystalloids (25%); PIN (13%); mitotic figures (11%); and perineural invasion (3%). The mean and median numbers of malignant glands in this series were 31 and 20, respectively (range, two to 300). Tumors with a Gleason score lower than 6 caused greater diagnostic problems for referring physicians because these tumors had a greater number of malignant glands, yet were still sent in for consultation (P = .0018). Gleason score was positively correlated with prominent nucleoli and amphophilic cytoplasm and inversely correlated with the presence of crystalloids. Prominent nucleoli, which often are quoted as being essential for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, were not seen in 24% of the specimens and seen only rarely in another 25%. The diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on a constellation of features. Even in this series with a limited number of malignant glands, 85% of specimens contained three or more of the above-listed diagnostic features in addition to architectural atypia.
Recombinant human GM-CSF induces leukocytosis and activates peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils in nonhuman primates (1987)

The in vivo efficacy of glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli respectively was studied in rhesus monkeys following a daily subcutaneous (SC; three times) or intravenous (IV; over six hours) dose for seven consecutive days. The monkeys responded to the rh GM-CSF with a prompt (within 24 hours) rise in circulating white blood cells (WBCs). Thereafter the total cell counts increased steadily in a dose-dependent manner with repeated dosing to numbers six times over the pretreatment levels. Overall, granulocyte counts increased fivefold, lymphocytes twofold to fourfold, and monocytes threefold to fourfold. Platelets and erythrocytes were unaffected. Within 1 week after the end of treatment the leukocytosis had disappeared. Of the two routes of treatment, SC (three times daily)-administered rh GM-CSF was more effective than the same dose given by a six-hour IV infusion. In addition to inducing leukocytosis, parenterally administered rh GM-CSF primed mature circulating granulocytes for enhanced oxidative metabolism and killing of an E coli strain. These results show that exogenously administered glycosylated or nonglycosylated rh GM-CSF is both an effective stimulator of leukocytosis and a potent activator of the phagocytic function of mature granulocytes in monkeys.
HIV-1 Integrase as a Target for Antiviral Drugs (1997)

Retrovirus integration requires at least two viral components, one of the three retroviral enzymes, integrase, and cis-acting sequences at the ends of the retroviral DNA termini U3 and U5 ends of the long terminal repeats. Because the virus cannot replicate without integration into a host chromosome, integrase is a logical therapeutic target. Therapeutic inhibitors already exist for reverse transcriptase and protease, and attacking the virus on these sites together has already proven effective for combination therapy. Thus, the discovery of integrase inhibitors should provide an additional benefit. Screening and pharmacology of anti-integrase drugs is facilitated by the cloning and expression of recombinant retroviral integrases and their use in a series of in vitro assays that mimic integration in vivo. This review first describes the integration reactions in the retrovirus life cycle and the integrase protein. Then we provide a comprehensive review of the inhibitors identified to date.
Compounds in Metathoracic Glands of Adults and Dorsal Abdominal Glands of Nymphs of the Stink Bugs, Chlorochroa uhleri, C. sayi, and C. ligata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (2001)

The contents of metathoracic glands of adults and dorsal abdominal glands of nymphs of 3 Chlorochroa species, (C. sayi, C. uhleri, and C. ligata) were analyzed. Compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled GC-mass spectrometry, matching retention times and mass spectra with those of authentic samples. Tridecane was the major component in the defensive glands of both adults and nymphs. Other compounds identified include (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-octenyl acetate, (E)-4-oxo-2-octenal, (E)-2-decenal, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, and pentadecane.
Long-term Transgene Expression in the Central Nervous System Using DNA Nanoparticles (2009)

This study demonstrates proof of concept for delivery and expression of compacted plasmid DNA in the central nervous system. Plasmid DNA was compacted with polyethylene glycol substituted lysine 30-mer peptides, forming rod-like nanoparticles with diameters between 8 and 11 nm. Here we show that an intracerebral injection of compacted DNA can transfect both neurons and glia, and can produce transgene expression in the striatum for up to 8 weeks, which was at least 100-fold greater than intracerebral injections of naked DNA plasmids. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) of injected animals at the 11th postinjection week revealed significantly higher transgene activity in animals receiving compacted DNA plasmids when compared to animals receiving naked DNA. There was minimal evidence of brain inflammation. Intrastriatal injections of a compacted plasmid encoding for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (pGDNF) resulted in a significant overexpression of GDNF protein in the striatum 1-3 weeks after injection.
Screening for Positive Allosteric Modulators: Assessment of Modulator Concentration-Response Curves as a Screening Paradigm (2007)

Targeting allosteric binding sites represents a powerful mechanism for selectively modulating receptor function. The advent of functional assays as the screening method of choice is leading to an increase in the number of allosteric modulators identified. These include positive allosteric modulators that can increase the affinity of the orthosteric agonist and potentiate the evoked response. A common method for screening for positive allosteric modulators is to examine a concentration-response (C/R) curve to the putative modulator in the presence of a single, low concentration of agonist. The study reported here has used data simulations for positive allosteric modulators according to the allosteric ternary complex model to generate modulator C/R curves. The results are then compared to the mechanistic parameters used to simulate the data. It is clear from the simulations that the potency of a positive modulator C/R curve in a screening assay is the product of both its affinity and positive cooperativity. However, it is often difficult to tell which parameter dominates the response; not knowing the actual affinity or cooperativity of a ligand may have consequences for receptor selectivity. Further modeling demonstrates that the use and choice of single agonist concentration, as well as changes in the agonist curve Hill slope, can have significant effects on the modulator C/R curve. Finally, the quantitative relationship between modulator C/R curves and the allosteric ternary complex model is explored. These simulations emphasize the importance of careful interpretation of screening data and of conducting full mechanism of action studies for positive allosteric modulators.
Modulation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Functions by the Neutrophil-Derived Inflammatory Mediator CAP37 (2004)

CAP37 modulated corneal epithelial cell proliferation and migration and upregulated adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte-epithelial and epithelial-extracellular matrix interactions.
VARIATION IN MOTORIST VISUAL RANGE MEASURED BY VEHICLE-MOUNTED SENSOR (1993)

A motorist's visibility in blowing snow varies as topography, vegetation, road alignment and elements change along a highway. Traffic accidents caused by the rapid changes of visual range have been increasing in snowy regions of Japan. A vehicle-mounted visual range sensor composed of a light projector and receiver has been developed to investigate the variable visibility at the eye level of motorists. Continuously measured visibility traveling at 80 km/hr showed intense fluctuations changing from 1000 m to 40 m in a few seconds where the highway environment changes from a narrow road cut to an embankment with wide fetch distance. It is important for highway maintenance to detect the locations and conditions of the hazards along a highway beforehand in order to develop mitigation measures. The vehicle-mounted sensor can detect hazards along a highway while driving, and it is also useful for condition monitoring by maintenance patrols.