gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acidic fibroblast growth factor receptor purified from bovine liver is a novel protein tyrosine kinase. (1990)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) receptor was purified from plasma membranes of bovine liver using Triton X-100 extraction, wheat germ lectin-Sepharose 4B gel affinity chromatography, and DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography. As previously reported for the aFGF receptor in murine fibroblasts (Huang, S. S., and Huang, J. S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9568-9571), the purified aFGF receptor was also found to be a 135-kDa glycoprotein which showed an intrinsic and ligand-stimulated autophosphorylation activity. The 32P-labeled aFGF receptor was specifically immunoprecipitated by anti-FGF receptor (anti-flg/bek/cek gene product) antiserum. In contrast to other growth factor receptors/protein tyrosine kinases, the protein tyrosine kinase activity (autophosphorylation) of the aFGF receptor was stimulated (approximately 1.5-fold) by low concentrations of Mn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ (optimal concentrations of approximately 0.1, approximately 0.1, and 1 microM, respectively) but inhibited by higher concentrations of Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and pyrophosphate (greater than or equal to 20, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 10, and greater than or equal to 100 microM, respectively). However, addition of Mn2+ and pyrophosphate at a ratio of 1:1 not only reversed the inhibitory effect but also enhanced the kinase activity about 3-4-fold. The apparent Km of ATP for intrinsic and ligand-stimulated protein kinase activity of the aFGF receptor was estimated to be 25 microM. The preferred exogenous substrates for the protein tyrosine kinase activity of the aFGF receptor were found to be myelin basic protein and histone. Poly-L-arginine, an inhibitor for aFGF binding to the receptor, appeared to stimulate the mitogenesis or cell growth of responsive cells by mimicking aFGF activity.
Some fascinating phenomena in electrospinning processes and applications of electrospun nanofibers (2007)

Abstract Electrospinning has the unique ability to produce ultrathin fibers from a rich variety of materials that include polymers, inorganic or organic compounds and blends. With the enormous increase of research interest in electrospun nanofibers, there is a strong need for a comprehensive review of electrospinning in a systematic fashion. This article presents some fascinating phenomena associated with the remarkable features of nanofibers in electrospinning processes and new progress in applications of electrospun nanofibers. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Ethanol Potentiates GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in a Postsynaptic Neuron/Synaptic Bouton Preparation From Basolateral Amygdala (2006)

Interactions between ethanol and synaptic transmission mediated by γ -amino- N-butyric acid (GABA) have been suggested to contribute to alcohol intoxication. Ethanol effects on postsynaptic GABA A receptors have been the major focus of this line of research. There is increasing evidence that ethanol potentiation of GABAergic transmission involves increased GABA release from presynaptic terminals. In the present study, a mechanically isolated neuron/bouton preparation from the basolateral amygdala was used to examine the effects of ethanol on spontaneous GABAergic synaptic currents elicited by GABA release from the presynaptic terminals. We found that ethanol application produced a rapid increase in the frequency of spontaneous GABAergic synaptic currents. An acute tolerance to ethanol was also observed, and this tolerance involved GABA B receptor activation. The ethanol-induced potentiation did not involve alterations in the function of postsynaptic GABA A receptors and was independent of presynaptic action potential firing. These findings indicate that ethanol potentiates GABA release, most likely via a direct action on presynaptic boutons.
Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology (2006)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established diagnosis in children, associated with a large body of evidence on the benefits of treatment. Adolescents with ADHD are now leaving children's services often with no readily identifiable adult service to support them, which presents problems as local pharmacy regulations often preclude the prescription of stimulant drugs by general practitioners (GPs). In addition, adults with ADHD symptoms are now starting to present to primary care and psychiatry services requesting assessment and treatment. For these reasons, the British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) thought it timely to hold a consensus conference to review the body of evidence on childhood ADHD and the growing literature on ADHD in older age groups. Much of this initial guidance on managing ADHD in adolescents in transition and in adults is based on expert opinion derived from childhood evidence. We hope that, by the time these guidelines are updated, much evidence will be available to address the many directions for future research that are detailed here.
Imparting Mineral Affinity to Fetuin by Bisphosphonate Conjugation:  A Comparison of Three Bisphosphonate Conjugation Schemes (2005)

Protein conjugation to bisphosphonic acids (BPs), such as 1-amino-1,1-diphosphonate methane (aminoBP) and 3,5-di(ethylamino-2,2-bisphosphono)benzoic acid (diBP), was proposed as a foundation for bone-specific delivery of protein therapeutics. This study was performed to directly compare the mineral affinity of protein-BP conjugates prepared by three different approaches. Fetuin, serving as a model protein, was derivatized with BPs by the following approaches: (i) by attaching the aminoBPs onto protein lysines using succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC); (ii) by attaching the aminoBPs onto protein carbohydrates using 4-(maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-1-carboxyl-hydrazide (MMCCH), and (iii) by conjugating diBP to protein lysines using the carbodiimide chemistry. The results indicated that conjugation of aminoBP and diBP to fetuin by all three means unequivocally enhanced the protein's affinity for hydroxyapatite in vitro. Similarly, conjugation of aminoBP and diBP onto fetuin increased the protein's retention in a mineral-containing matrix (Pro-Osteon) when the proteins were implanted in a rat subcutaneous model. Upon parenteral administration, however, no discernible differences were found between the SMCC- or MMCCH-linked conjugates and unmodified fetuin to target to bony tissues. DiBP-fetuin conjugates, however, led to successful bone targeting after intravenous injection in rats. We conclude that all three conjugation schemes were equally effective in imparting an affinity to the proteins toward mineral-containing matrices. Bone targeting, however, was achieved only with diBP conjugation to fetuin, supportive of the superior ability of this BP with a higher density of bisphosphonic acid groups.
An open-label study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of lanadelumab for prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema: design of the HELP study extension (2017)

Prevention of attacks can reduce the burden of illness associated with HAE. Prophylactic therapy requires extended, repeated dosing and the results of this study will provide important data on the long-term safety and efficacy of lanadelumab, a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of plasma kallikrein for subcutaneous administration for the treatment of HAE. <i>Trial registration</i> NCT02741596.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF AN INFECTIOUSDISEASE MODEL WITH DISTRIBUTION DELAY (1996)

For an infectious disease model governed by a differential equation with general distribution kernel fuction，the authors fii the equilibrium points, discuss their stability and show a threshold phenomenon.
Adsorption of Ethane, Ethylene, Propane, and Propylene on a Magnesium-Based Metal–Organic Framework (2011)

Separation of olefin/paraffin is an energy-intensive and difficult separation process in petrochemical industry. Energy-efficient adsorption process is considered as a promising alternative to the traditional cryogenic distillation for separating olefin/paraffin mixtures. In this work, we explored the feasibility of adsorptive separation of olefin/paraffin mixtures using a magnesium-based metal-organic framework, Mg-MOF-74. Adsorption equilibria and kinetics of ethane, ethylene, propane, and propylene on a Mg-MOF-74 adsorbent were determined at 278, 298, and 318 K and pressures up to 100 kPa. A dual-site Sips model was used to correlate the adsorption equilibrium data, and a micropore diffusion model was applied to extract the diffusivities from the adsorption kinetics data. A grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to calculate the adsorption isotherms and to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms. The simulation results showed that all four adsorbate molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the open metal sites where each metal site binds one adsorbate molecule. Propylene and propane have a stronger affinity to the Mg-MOF-74 adsorbent than ethane and ethylene because of their significant dipole moments. Adsorption equilibrium selectivity, combined equilibrium and kinetic selectivity, and adsorbent selection parameter for pressure swing adsorption processes were estimated. The relatively high values of adsorption selectivity suggest that it is feasible to separate ethylene/ethane, propylene/propane, and propylene/ethylene pairs in a vacuum swing adsorption process using Mg-MOF-74 as an adsorbent.
Dual‐energy x‐ray projection imaging: Two sampling schemes for the correction of scattered radiation (1988)

In addition to the familiar problems of reduced contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the single energy case, dual-energy subtractions in the presence of scattered radiation suffer further degradations from: (1) artifacts due to nonuniform subtraction of scatter, and (2) a serious deterioration of the signal of interest. To determine the expected performance of scatter correcting schemes, we simulated energy subtractions performed in the presence of scatter. We discuss scatter's detrimental effects on contrast and SNR in these simulations and the expected improvements from scatter corrections to within 5% to 10%. We introduce two sampling schemes for the correction of scatter. Each scheme requires two measurements, and each involves placing an x-ray opaque sampling grid between the source and the object. In the first method, the grid is an array of lead disks present only during one measurement. Using these samples we generate an estimate of the scatter field and then subtract it from the second measurement yielding a scatter corrected image. In the second method, the grid is an array of lead strips present during both measurements but displaced between measurements by one-half of a strip spacing to completely sample the image. From the two measurements we generate an image to be corrected, an estimate of the scatter field, and a scatter corrected image. In phantom studies implemented on a digital fluoroscopy system, we observed for single energy images of blood vessel phantoms improved contrast and field uniformity. For scatter corrected selective material cancellations in human phantoms we observed improved contrast and significant reduction in artifacts. In both cases we observed no significant loss in SNR. These results facilitate the implementation of efficient large area detectors for dual-energy imaging.
The identification of a new family of sugar efflux pumps in Escherichia coli (1999)

Using a functional cloning strategy with an Escherichia coli genomic plasmid library, we have identified a new family of sugar efflux proteins with three highly homologous members in the E. coli genome. In addition, two open reading frames, one present in Yersinia pestis and the other in Deinococcus radiodurans, appear to encode closely related proteins. An in vitro transport assay using inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from overproducing strains was used to demonstrate that members of this new family can efflux [14C]-lactose. As sugar efflux phenomena have been reported previously in several bacterial species including E. coli, the identification of a new family of sugar efflux proteins may help to reveal the physiological role of sugar efflux in metabolism. It is proposed that the E. coli members of this family, whose functions were previously unknown, be given the gene family designation SET for sugar efflux transporter.
Validation of an ergonomic assessment method using Kinect data in real workplace conditions (2016)

Evaluating potential musculoskeletal disorders risks in real workstations is challenging as the environment is cluttered, which makes it difficult to accurately assess workers' postures. Being marker-free and calibration-free, Microsoft Kinect is a promising device although it may be sensitive to occlusions. We propose and evaluate a RULA ergonomic assessment in real work conditions using recently published occlusion-resistant Kinect skeleton data correction. First, we compared postures estimated with this method to ground-truth data, in standardized laboratory conditions. Second, we compared RULA scores to those provided by two professional experts, in a non-laboratory cluttered workplace condition. The results show that the corrected Kinect data can provide more accurate RULA grand scores, even under sub-optimal conditions induced by the workplace environment. This study opens new perspectives in musculoskeletal risk assessment as it provides the ergonomists with 30 Hz continuous information that could be analyzed offline and in a real-time framework.
Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Dynamic MR Image Reconstruction (2017)

Accelerating the data acquisition of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) leads to a challenging ill-posed inverse problem, which has received great interest from both the signal processing and machine learning community over the last decades. The key ingredient to the problem is how to exploit the temporal correlation of the MR sequence to resolve the aliasing artefact. Traditionally, such observation led to a formulation of a non-convex optimisation problem, which were solved using iterative algorithms. Recently, however, deep learning based-approaches have gained significant popularity due to its ability to solve general inversion problems. In this work, we propose a unique, novel convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) architecture which reconstructs high quality cardiac MR images from highly undersampled k-space data by jointly exploiting the dependencies of the temporal sequences as well as the iterative nature of the traditional optimisation algorithms. In particular, the proposed architecture embeds the structure of the traditional iterative algorithms, efficiently modelling the recurrence of the iterative reconstruction stages by using recurrent hidden connections over such iterations. In addition, spatiotemporal dependencies are simultaneously learnt by exploiting bidirectional recurrent hidden connections across time sequences. The proposed algorithm is able to learn both the temporal dependency and the iterative reconstruction process effectively with only a very small number of parameters, while outperforming current MR reconstruction methods in terms of computational complexity, reconstruction accuracy and speed.
The genus‐specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of Chlamydia is assembled in C. psittaci and C. trachomatis by glycosyltransferases of low homology (1993)

Summary Chlamydiae possess a genus‐specific epitope that is located on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is composed of a 3‐deoxy‐ d ‐ manno ‐octulosonic acid (Kdo) trisaccharide of the sequence αKdo‐(2→8)–αKdo–(2→4)‐αKdo. In Chlamydia trachomatis , this trisaccharide is biosynthetically generated through the action of a multi‐functional Kdo‐transferase encoded by the gene gseA. gseA of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC was cloned and expressed in a rough mutant (Re chemotype) of Escherichia coli (strain F515) that contains an LPS with only two α2→4‐linked Kdo residues. Recombinant strains were able to add the immunodominant Kdo residue in a α2→8‐linkage to the parental LPS, as determined by SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody against the genus‐specific epitope. The DNA sequence of gseA was determined and aligned to that published recently for C. trachomatis serovar L2. Most surprisingly, the two deduced amino acid sequences shared only an overall homology of 67%. Thus, gseA exhibits species specificity at the DNA level, whereas its gene product results in the synthesis of a carbohydrate antigen with genus specificity.
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Hematologic Malignancies—Theoretical Considerations (2006)

Our work is motivated by the belief that RNA targeted gene silencing agents can be developed into effective drugs for treating hematologic malignancies. In many experimental systems, antisense nucleic acids of various composition, including antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODNs) and short interfering RNA (siRNA), have been shown to perturb gene expression in a sequence specific manner. Nevertheless, our clinical experience, and those of others, have led us to conclude that the antisense nucleic acids (ASNAs) we, and others, employ need to be optimized with regard to intracellular delivery, targeting, chemical composition, and efficiency of mRNA destruction. We have hypothesized that addressing these critical issues will lead to the development of practical and effective nucleic acid drugs. An overview of our recent work which seeks to addresses these core issues is contained within this review.
B-Cell Lymphoma Induction by Akv Murine Leukemia Viruses Harboring One or Both Copies of the Tandem Repeat in the U3 Enhancer (1998)

Akv is an endogenous, ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) of the AKR strain. It has served as a prototype nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic reference virus for studies of closely related potent lymphomagenic viruses such as the T-lymphomagenic SL3-3. We here report that Akv and an Akv mutant (Akv1-99) with only one copy of the 99-bp transcriptional enhancer induce malignant lymphomas with nearly 100% incidence and mean latency periods of 12 months after injection into newborn NMRI mice. Molecular analysis of tumor DNA showed that the majority of the tumors were of the B-cell type. Sequence analysis of proviral transcriptional enhancers in DNA of B-cell lymphomas revealed conservation of the enhancer sequence, as well as a lack of sequence duplications of the Akv1-99 variant, while the repeat copy number in Akv was subject to fluctuations. In support of a B-cell specificity of the Akv enhancer, a murine plasmacytoma cell line was found to sustain three- to fivefold-higher transient transcriptional activity upon the Akv and Akv1-99 enhancers than upon the enhancer of the T-lymphomagenic SL3-3 MuLV. Thus, the overall picture is that Akv MuLV possesses a B- lymphomagenic potential and that the second copy of the 99-bp sequence seems to be of minor importance for this potential. However, in one animal the lymphomas induced by Akv1-99 were of the T-cell type. Among the 24 tumors analyzed only this one harbored a clonal proviral integration in the c-myc locus. This provirus had undergone a duplication of a 113-bp sequence of the enhancer region, partly overlapping with the 99-bp repeat of Akv, as well as a few single nucleotide alterations within and outside the repeats. Taken together with previous studies, our results suggest that T- versus B-lymphomagenic specificity of the enhancer is governed by more than one nucleotide difference and that alterations in binding sites for transcription factors of the AML1 and nuclear-factor-1 families may contribute to this specificity.
Decay-Accelerating Factor (CD55) and Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive Lysis (CD59) Are Released Within Exosomes During In Vitro Maturation of Reticulocytes (1998)

Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by reticulocytes during their maturation into erythrocytes. They have a clearing function because of their enrichment with some proteins known to decrease or disappear from the cell surface during maturation, eg, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and transferrin receptor (TfR), respectively. To better understand the molecular events leading to protein sorting in exosomes, we analyzed the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the exosome surface through a technique involving bead coupling and flow cytometry immunodetection. The presence of AChE, decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) on the surface of exosomes obtained from normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) reticulocytes, suggests that (1) the GPI anchor is efficiently sorted during exosome formation, (2) exosome release could account for the observed discrepancy in GPI-protein expression between reticulocytes and erythrocytes from PNH patients, and (3) exosomes could have another physiologic function related to controlling membrane attack complex formation.
Developing symptom-based predictive models of endometriosis as a clinical screening tool: results from a multicenter study (2012)

Our symptom-based models predict any-stage endometriosis relatively poorly and stage III and IV disease with good accuracy. Predictive tools based on such models could help to prioritize women for surgical investigation in clinical practice and thus contribute to reducing time to diagnosis. We invite other researchers to validate the key models in additional populations.
NF-κB–inducing kinase controls lymphocyte and osteoclast activities in inflammatory arthritis (2005)

NF-(kappa)B is an important component of both autoimmunity and bone destruction in RA. NF-(kappa)B-inducing kinase (NIK) is a key mediator of the alternative arm of the NF-(kappa)B pathway, which is characterized by the nuclear translocation of RelB/p52 complexes. Mice lacking functional NIK have no peripheral lymph nodes, defective B and T cells, and impaired receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-stimulated osteoclastogenesis. We investigated the role of NIK in murine models of inflammatory arthritis using Nik-/- mice. The serum transfer arthritis model is initiated by preformed antibodies and required only intact neutrophil and complement systems in recipients. While Nik-/- mice had inflammation equivalent to that of Nik+/+ controls, they showed significantly less periarticular osteoclastogenesis and less bone erosion. In contrast, Nik-/- mice were completely resistant to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA), which requires intact antigen presentation and lymphocyte function but not lymph nodes. Additionally, transfer of Nik+/+ splenocytes or T cells to Rag2-/- mice conferred susceptibility to AIA, while transfer of Nik-/- cells did not. Nik-/- mice were also resistant to a genetic, spontaneous form of arthritis, generated in mice expressing both the KRN T cell receptor and H-2. Thus, NIK is important in the immune and bone-destructive components of inflammatory arthritis and represents a possible therapeutic target for these diseases.