gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability indication as key enabler for ultra-reliable communication in 5G (2014)

Due to its flexibility, cost-efficiency, and the ability to support mobility, wireless connectivity is seen today as a key enabler for a wide range of applications beyond classical mobile communications. A significant part of these applications depends on the capability of the wireless communication system to provide reliable connectivity. However, due to the randomness of the wireless propagation channel, reliability is still a critical issue in these systems. Some applications, such as vehicular and industrial applications, demand a level of reliability that wireless communication systems typically are not able to guarantee. This paper provides a framework that enables these applications to make use of wireless connectivity only if the transmission conditions are favorable enough. The concept is based on the idea that - despite the fact that it is practically impossible to ensure error-free wireless communication - it is feasible to derive boundary conditions for the transmission success. To this end, the paper introduces a novel metric for Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC) referred to as “Availability”, that determines the expected presence or absence of link reliability at the time of transmission. The availability is signaled by means of an Availability Indicator (AI) to the applications. Moreover, we develop the system model for computing the AI and illustrate the potential benefits of the new reliability metric by means of a possible implementation for automotive scenarios.
Severe symptomatic atrioventricular block induced by pilocarpine eye drops. (1987)

An 89-year-old man with chronic glaucoma received hourly pilocarpine eye drops for seven hours, when he developed third-degree atrioventricular block with a slow idioventricular escape rate. After discontinuing the pilocarpine, the atrioventricular block gradually disappeared. The site of pilocarpine-related block was most likely within the His-Purkinje system.
Phase 2 Study of Relugolix vs Placebo in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Associated With Uterine Fibroids [17H] (2017)

INTRODUCTION: Relugolix is a potent nonpeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist. This dose-finding study explored the ability of relugolix to decrease the heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) associated with uterine fibroids (UF). METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study was designed to evaluate relugolix 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg administered orally once daily for 12 weeks in Japanese women with UF and HMB defined as a Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) score of at least 120. The primary endpoint was the proportion of women with a total PBAC score of less than 10 from Week 6 to 12. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of women with amenorrhea, and myoma and uterine volumes. RESULTS: Patients (N = 216) were randomized to placebo or one of three relugolix groups. The proportion of patients with PBAC score of less than 10 from Week 6 to 12 was 0% in placebo group, and 20.8%, 43.6% and 83.6% in relugolix 10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg groups (P &lt; 0.001 vs placebo).74% of patients in relugolix 40 mg group achieved amenorrhea, and a dose-dependent decrease in myoma and uterine volumes were observed. The incidence of headache, metrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and hot flush were more than 10% higher in relugolix 20 mg and 40 mg groups than in placebo group; these AEs were mild or moderate in severity. CONCLUSION: Treatment with relugolix showed significant dose-dependent decreases in menstrual blood loss compared with placebo and was generally well-tolerated with AEs consistent with the drug’s mechanism of action.
Impaired Antiviral Response and Alpha/Beta Interferon Induction in Mice Lacking Beta Interferon (2000)

We have generated mice lacking the gene for beta interferon and report that they are highly susceptible to vaccinia virus infection. Furthermore, in cultured embryo fibroblasts, viral induction of alpha interferon and of 2-5A synthetase genes is impaired. We also show that beta interferon does not prime its own expression.
Canonical WNT pathway is activated in the airway epithelium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020)

This study was supported by the Fondation Mont-Godinne, the FNRS and the WELBIO.
Hyothermia and Hypotension in Experimental Cerebral Edema (1968)

THE present report represents a continuation of studies conducted in our laboratory on the treatment of cerebral edema induced by focal freezing of the brain in monkeys. Previous reports have dealt with urea,<sup>1</sup>steroids,<sup>2</sup>and reserpine.<sup>3</sup>This report is concerned with the use of two modalities of treatment, systemic hypothermia and hypotension. In dealing with the first, two factors should be kept in mind. These are the state of the animal at the time of injury and the duration of the lowered body temperature. In the present study the cerebral lesions were produced while the animal was in a normothermic state and the hypothermia, subsequently induced, was maintained until sacrifice. The more complicated problem of interrupted hypothermia will be considered in a subsequent report. It will be shown that either sustained systemic hypothermia or hypotension is an effective means of treating this edema but that hypothermia
Past, present and futute of cyclodextrin research (2004)

Abstract The macrocyclic cyclodextrins (enzymic conversion products of starch) were discovered in 1891, and the structures were elucidated in the mid-1930s. Their industrial significance become obvious in the 1970s, and by now thousand of tons of the three cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CD) and of their chemical derivatives and inclusion complexes are produced industrially. The outer surface of these doughnut-shaped molecules is hydrophilic, but they possess an axial open cavity, which is of hydrophobic character and capable of including other apolar molecules (or their moiety) in case of geometric compatibility. This is the essence of molecular encapsulation by inclusion complex formation.
Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle (1991)

This paper examines the proposition that fluctuations in discounts on closed end funds are driven by changes in individual investor sentiment toward closed end funds and other securities. The theory implies that discounts on various funds must move together, that new funds get started when seasoned funds sell at a premium or a small discount, and that discounts on the funds fluctuate together with prices of securities affected by the same investor sentiment. The evidence supports these predictions. In particular, we find that discounts on closed end funds narrow when small stocks do well, as would be expected if closed end funds were subject to the same sentiment as small stocks, whim tern. also to be held by individual investors. The evidence thus suggests that investor sentiment affects security returns.
Bit-depth scalable coding for high dynamic range video (2007)

This paper presents a technique for coding high dynamic range videos. The proposed coding scheme is scalable, such that both standard dynamic range and high dynamic range representations of a video can be extracted from one bit stream. A localized inverse tone mapping method is proposed for efficient inter-layer prediction, which applies a scaling factor and an offset to each macroblock, per color channel. The scaling factors and offsets are predicted from neighboring macroblocks, and then the differences are entropy coded. The proposed inter-layer prediction technique is independent of the forward tone mapping method and is able to cover a wide range of bit-depths and various color spaces. Simulations are performed based on H.264/AVC SVC common software and core experiment conditions. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Biosynthesis and Functions of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Responses of Plants to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses (2021)

Very-long-chain fatty acids (i.e., fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms; VLCFA) are important molecules that play crucial physiological and structural roles in plants. VLCFA are specifically present in several membrane lipids and essential for membrane homeostasis. Their specific accumulation in the sphingolipids of the plasma membrane outer leaflet is of primordial importance for its correct functioning in intercellular communication. VLCFA are found in phospholipids, notably in phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, where they could play a role in membrane domain organization and interleaflet coupling. In epidermal cells, VLCFA are precursors of the cuticular waxes of the plant cuticle, which are of primary importance for many interactions of the plant with its surrounding environment. VLCFA are also major components of the root suberin barrier, which has been shown to be fundamental for nutrient homeostasis and plant adaptation to adverse conditions. Finally, some plants store VLCFA in the triacylglycerols of their seeds so that they later play a pivotal role in seed germination. In this review, taking advantage of the many studies conducted using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> as a model, we present our current knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of VLCFA in plants, and on the various functions that VLCFA and their derivatives play in the interactions of plants with their abiotic and biotic environment.
Integrins in immunity (2008)

A successful immune response depends on the capacity of immune cells to travel from one location in the body to another--these cells are rapid migrators, travelling at speeds of microm/minute. Their ability to penetrate into tissues and to make contacts with other cells depends chiefly on the beta2 integrin known as LFA-1. For this reason, we describe the control of its activity in some detail. For the non-immunologist, the fine details of an immune response often seem difficult to fathom. However, the behaviour of immune cells, known as leukocytes (Box 1), is subject to the same biological rules as many other cell types, and this holds true particularly for the functioning of the integrins on these cells. In this Commentary, we highlight, from a cell-biology point of view, the integrin-mediated immune-cell migration and cell-cell interactions that occur during the course of an immune response.
Semantic Labeling of 3D Point Clouds for Indoor Scenes (2011)

Inexpensive RGB-D cameras that give an RGB image together with depth data have become widely available. In this paper, we use this data to build 3D point clouds of full indoor scenes such as an office and address the task of semantic labeling of these 3D point clouds. We propose a graphical model that captures various features and contextual relations, including the local visual appearance and shape cues, object co-occurence relationships and geometric relationships. With a large number of object classes and relations, the model's parsimony becomes important and we address that by using multiple types of edge potentials. The model admits efficient approximate inference, and we train it using a maximum-margin learning approach. In our experiments over a total of 52 3D scenes of homes and offices (composed from about 550 views, having 2495 segments labeled with 27 object classes), we get a performance of 84.06% in labeling 17 object classes for offices, and 73.38% in labeling 17 object classes for home scenes. Finally, we applied these algorithms successfully on a mobile robot for the task of finding objects in large cluttered rooms.
Differential expression of CTLA-4 among T cell subsets (2004)

CTLA-4 (CD152), the CD28 homologue, is a costimulatory molecule with negative effects on T cell activation. In addition to its role in the termination of activation, CTLA-4 has been implicated in anergy induction and the function of regulatory cells. As an intracellular molecule, it must first relocate to the cell surface and be ligated, in order to inhibit activation. Although some studies have investigated CTLA-4 expression on CD4(+) T cells, evidence is lacking regarding the kinetics of expression, and expression on T cell subpopulations. We have investigated CTLA-4 kinetics on human purified peripheral CD4(+), naïve, memory, CD4(+)CD25(-), CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, and T cell clones. Intracellular stores of CTLA-4 were shown to be very low in naïve T cells, whilst significant amounts were present in memory T cells and T cell clones. Cell surface CTLA-4 expression was then investigated on CD4(+)CD45RA(+) (naïve), CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (memory), CD4(+)CD25(-), and CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. CD25 and CD45RO are both expressed by regulatory T cells. On naïve and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, CTLA-4 expression declined after four hours. In contrast, on memory and CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, high levels of expression were maintained until at least 48 hours. In addition, significant CTLA-4 expression was observed on T cell clones following anergy induction, indicating the potential involvement of CTLA-4 also in this form of tolerance.
Structure of a germline rabbit immunoglobulin V kappa-region gene: implications for rabbit V kappa-J kappa recombination. (1984)

Rabbit kappa-immunoglobulin chains exhibit diversity in the number of amino acids between the invariant residues Cys 88 and Phe 98; this length diversity is formally similar to that found in the human and mouse heavy chain systems, in which it results from interposition of the D element between V and J. To explore the molecular basis for this length diversity in rabbit kappa-chains we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a rabbit germline V kappa immunoglobulin gene. The spacing between the 7-mer and 9-mer signal elements of this gene suggest that it could recombine with J kappa without a D element. We discuss alternative explanations for the length diversity of rabbit kappa-chains.
Hypermethylation of CpG island loci and hypomethylation of LINE‐1 and Alu repeats in prostate adenocarcinoma and their relationship to clinicopathological features (2006)

Promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important carcinogenic event in prostate adenocarcinoma. Regardless of tissue type, human cancers have in common both focal CpG island hypermethylation and global genomic hypomethylation. The present study evaluated CpG island loci hypermethylation and LINE-1 and Alu repeat hypomethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma, analysed the relationship between them, and correlated these findings with clinicopathological features. We examined 179 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign prostate hypertrophy for the methylation status of 22 CpG island loci and the methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and combined bisulphite restriction analysis, respectively. The following 16 CpG island loci were found to display cancer-related hypermethylation: RASSF1A, GSTP1, RARB, TNFRSF10C, APC, BCL2, MDR1, ASC, TIG1, RBP1, COX2, THBS1, TNFRSF10D, CD44, p16, and RUNX3. Except for the last four CpG island loci, hypermethylation of each of the remaining 12 CpG island loci displayed a close association with one or more of the prognostic parameters (ie preoperative serum prostate specific antigen level, Gleason score sum, and clinical stage). Prostate adenocarcinoma with hypermethylation of each of ASC, COX2, RARB, TNFRSF10C, MDR1, TIG1, RBP1, NEUROG1, RASSF1A, and GSTP1 showed a significantly lower methylation level of Alu or LINE-1 than prostate adenocarcinoma without hypermethylation. In addition, hypomethylation of Alu or LINE-1 was closely associated with one or more of the above prognostic parameters. These data suggest that in tumour progression a close relationship exists between CpG island hypermethylation and the hypomethylation of repetitive elements, and that CpG island hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation contribute to cancer progression.
Prospects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTProspects of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Electronic and Optoelectronic ApplicationsDmitri V. Talapin*†‡, Jong-Soo Lee†, Maksym V. Kovalenko†, and Elena V. Shevchenko‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, Illinois 60439* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†The University of Chicago.‡Argonne National Lab.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1, 389–458Publication Date (Web):December 3, 2009Publication History Received5 April 2009Published online3 December 2009Published inissue 13 January 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900137kCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views67616Altmetric-Citations3374LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (16 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cadmium selenide,Layers,Ligands,Nanoparticles,Semiconductors Get e-Alerts
Modeling Human Reading with Neural Attention (2016)

When humans read text, they fixate some words and skip others. However, there have been few attempts to explain skipping behavior with computational models, as most existing work has focused on predicting reading times (e.g., using surprisal). In this paper, we propose a novel approach that models both skipping and reading, using an unsupervised architecture that combines a neural attention with autoencoding, trained on raw text using reinforcement learning. Our model explains human reading behavior as a tradeoff between precision of language understanding (encoding the input accurately) and economy of attention (fixating as few words as possible). We evaluate the model on the Dundee eye-tracking corpus, showing that it accurately predicts skipping behavior and reading times, is competitive with surprisal, and captures known qualitative features of human reading.<br/>
High-Efficiency Lentiviral Transduction of Human CD34+ Cells in High-Density Culture with Poloxamer and Prostaglandin E2 (2019)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy is curative for various hereditary diseases; however, high-efficiency transduction in HSCs remains crucial to improve the prospects for hemoglobinopathies. We previously optimized lentiviral transduction in human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells with serum-free medium containing minimal cytokines, allowing efficient transduction (∼50%) and robust xenograft engraftment. In this study, we further improved lentiviral transduction in human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells. High-density culture conditions (4e6/mL) resulted in ∼5-fold more efficient transduction in CD34<sup>+</sup> cells (p < 0.01) compared with standard cell density (1e5/mL). After co-culturing vector-exposed CD34<sup>+</sup> cells with non-transduced CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, high-density culture conditions enhanced lentiviral gene marking in the non-transduced population (p < 0.01) compared with low-density conditions, suggesting that increasing cell-to-cell contact allows more efficient transduction. Two adjuvants, poloxamer 407 (100 μg/mL) and prostaglandin E2 (10 μM), were added to high-density CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, resulting in ∼4-fold more efficient transduction (p < 0.01) without significant toxicity compared with no adjuvant control. In summary, we developed a highly efficient lentiviral transduction method in high-density CD34<sup>+</sup> cell culture with poloxamer 407 and prostaglandin E2, allowing overall ∼10-fold improvement in transduction efficiency and consistently achieving more than 90% transduction and an average vector copy number of ∼10. Our optimized transduction method should improve gene therapy approaches using lentiviral vectors targeting HSCs.
A Digital Framestore Synchronizer (1976)

The problems of synchronizing the increasing number and variety of broadcast television sources to a local station reference are examined, and the conventional analog methods employed to obtain synchronization are noted. The digital framestore synchronizer provides the general solution today, although since their introduction in 1974, such synchronizers have not been readily accepted in the industry because of the cost, size, weight, and power consumption of the first production units. A synchronizer is described which can store a complete video frame and yet occupies only 8.75 in (22.2 cm) of panel height on a standard 19-in (48.5-cm) rack. The power consumption is less than 250 VA, and the weight is less than 60 lb (27.3 kg). The video input circuitry is designed to provide time-base correction of any helical-scan videotape recorder television signals and of most quadruplex VTR signals. The advantages of the framestore technique over field-store are discussed, and some applications for the synchronizer are considered.
Gene Expression Changes in Chinchilla Cochlea from Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift. (2001)

Acoustic overstimulation produces many anatomical, biochemical and physiological changes in the inner ear. However, the changes in gene expression that underlie these biological changes are poorly understood. Our approach to investigating this problem is to use gene microarrays to measure the changes in gene expression in the chinchilla inner ear following a 3 h or 6 h noise exposure (95 dB SPL, 707-1414 Hz). This noise exposure causes a temporary threshold shift (~40 dB) and a temporary reduction in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), but no permanent hearing loss or hair cell loss. Here, we present data showing (1) the suitability of mouse and human complementary DNA (cDNA) clones for detecting chinchilla cochlear gene transcripts, and (2) the change in cochlear gene transcripts in noise exposed chinchillas. Chinchilla cochlear transcript probes exhibited strong and discrete signals on both mouse and human cDNA filter arrays. Since the strongest hybridization occurred with mouse clones, mouse cDNA microarrays were used to study noise-induced changes in gene expression. Chinchilla cDNA probes were differentially labelled with Cy3 (control) or Cy5 (noise exposed) by random primed synthesis, hybridized to 8750 mouse cDNAs arrayed on microscope slides and analysed by laser fluorescent microscopy. Several classes of genes exhibited time-dependent up regulation of transcription, including those involved in protein synthesis, metabolism, cytoskeletal proteins, and calcium binding proteins. The results are discussed in relationship to previous studies showing noise-induced changes in structural proteins, calcium binding proteins, metabolic enzymes and membrane bound vesicles.