gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homology of Surface Receptors for Poliovirus on Mammalian Cell Lines (1973)

SUMMARY Antigenic poliovirus receptor sites on mammalian cells were compared using an antireceptor serum. Antiserum to HeLa cells was found to block the attachment of enteroviruses to live HeLa cells. This blockage was made more specific by adsorbing the anticellular serum with homologous cells whose surface receptors for polioviruses had been selectively heat inactivated. The adsorbed homotypic serum inhibited specifically the attachment of polioviruses to live HeLa cells, while the receptors for coxsackievirus B3 remained functional. Treatment of FL, ML, U, AV-3 and CV-1 cells with this antireceptor serum also resulted in the specific blockage of the receptors for polioviruses but not the receptors for coxsackievirus B3. These results indicate that the surface receptors for polioviruses on various cell lines differ antigenically from the receptors for coxsackievirus B3, and that poliovirus receptors are antigenically homologous on different cell lines.
Inflammation and cancer: macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)--the potential missing link (2010)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was the original cytokine, described almost 50 years ago and has since been revealed to be an important player in pro-inflammatory diseases. Recent work using MIF mouse models has revealed new roles for MIF. In this review, we present an increasing body of evidence implicating the key pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF in specific biological activities related directly to cancer growth or contributing towards a microenvironment favouring cancer progression.
High resolution, high speed, long working distance, large field of view confocal fluorescence microscope (2017)

Confocal fluorescence microscopy is often used in brain imaging experiments, however conventional confocal microscopes are limited in their field of view, working distance, and speed for high resolution imaging. We report here the development of a novel high resolution, high speed, long working distance, and large field of view confocal fluorescence microscope (H<sup>2</sup>L<sup>2</sup>-CFM) with the capability of multi-region and multifocal imaging. To demonstrate the concept, a 0.5 numerical aperture (NA) confocal fluorescence microscope is prototyped with a 3 mm × 3 mm field of view and 12 mm working distance, an array of 9 beams is scanned over the field of view in 9 different regions to speed up the acquisition time by a factor of 9. We test this custom designed confocal fluorescence microscope for future use with brain clarification methods to image large volumes of the brain at subcellular resolution. This multi-region and multi-spot imaging method can be used in other imaging modalities, such as multiphoton microscopes, and the field of view can be extended well beyond 12 mm × 12 mm.
10 channel × 10 Gbit/s WDM add/drop multiplexing/transmissionexperiment over 240 km of dispersion-shifted fibre employingunequally-spaced arrayed-waveguide-grating ADM filter with fold-backconfiguration (1995)

10 channel × 10 Gbit/s WDM signals with unequal channel spacing allocation are successfully transmitted over 240 km of dispersion-shifted fibre using a 16 channel add/drop multiplexer (ADM) consisting of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer.
Core Signaling Pathways in Human Pancreatic Cancers Revealed by Global Genomic Analyses (2008)

There are currently few therapeutic options for patients with pancreatic cancer, and new insights into the pathogenesis of this lethal disease are urgently needed. Toward this end, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of 24 pancreatic cancers. We first determined the sequences of 23,219 transcripts, representing 20,661 protein-coding genes, in these samples. Then, we searched for homozygous deletions and amplifications in the tumor DNA by using microarrays containing probes for approximately 10(6) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found that pancreatic cancers contain an average of 63 genetic alterations, the majority of which are point mutations. These alterations defined a core set of 12 cellular signaling pathways and processes that were each genetically altered in 67 to 100% of the tumors. Analysis of these tumors' transcriptomes with next-generation sequencing-by-synthesis technologies provided independent evidence for the importance of these pathways and processes. Our data indicate that genetically altered core pathways and regulatory processes only become evident once the coding regions of the genome are analyzed in depth. Dysregulation of these core pathways and processes through mutation can explain the major features of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (1992)

While criteria for serodiagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection are well established, isolation of the organism is often difficult. To increase detection of this organism, C. pneumoniae-specific sequences were identified to permit amplification of C. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A cloned C. pneumoniae 474-bp PstI fragment was shown by dot blot and Southern hybridization to differentiate C. pneumoniae from the other Chlamydia spp., react with all C. pneumoniae isolates tested, and not recognize DNA from normal throat flora or common respiratory tract agents. This cloned fragment was sequenced and primers for use in PCR were chosen on the bases of GenBank analysis, G + C ratio, and absence of secondary structure. All C. pneumoniae isolates tested were amplified by the HL-1-HR-1 primer pair or the HM-1-HR-1 primer pair, producing the expected 437- and 229-bp amplification products, respectively. None of the Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (B/TW-5/OT, C/TW-3/OT, D/UW-3/Cx, E/UW-5/Cx, F/UW-6/Cx, H/UW-4/Cx, I/UW-12/Ur, and L2/434/Bu), Chlamydia psittaci strains (Mn, 6BC, GPIC, FP, and OA), HeLa cells, or other organisms tested were amplified. Reaction conditions including MgCl2, oligonucleotides, and primer concentrations and temperature were optimized before application to clinical samples. Clinical specimens from patients from whom C. pneumoniae was isolated were also positive by PCR, while samples from patients with known C. trachomatis or C. psittaci infection were not amplified by PCR.
Rendering Protein-Based Particles Transiently Insoluble for Therapeutic Applications (2012)

Herein, we report the fabrication of protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) particles which were rendered transiently insoluble using a novel, reductively labile disulfide-based cross-linker. After being cross-linked, the protein particles retain their integrity in aqueous solution and dissolve preferentially under a reducing environment. Our data demonstrates that cleavage of the cross-linker leaves no chemical residue on the reactive amino group. Delivery of a self-replicating RNA was achieved via the transiently insoluble PRINT protein particles. These protein particles can provide new opportunities for drug and gene delivery.
A plasmid expression system for quantitative in vivo biotinylation of thioredoxin fusion proteins in Escherichia coli (1998)

The high affinity binding interaction of biotin to avidin or streptavidin has been used widely in biochemistry and molecular biology, often in sensitive protein detection or protein capture applications. However, in vitro chemical techniques for protein biotinylation are not always successful, with some common problems being a lack of reaction specificity, inactivation of amino acid residues critical for protein function and low levels of biotin incorporation. This report describes an improved expression system for the highly specific and quantitative in vivo biotinylation of fusion proteins. A short 'biotinylation peptide', described previously by Schatz, is linked to the N-terminus of Escherichia coli thioredoxin (TrxA) to form a new protein, called BIOTRX. The 'biotinylation peptide' serves as an in vivo substrate mimic for E. coli biotin holoenzyme synthetase (BirA), an enzyme which usually performs highly selective biotinylation of E.coli biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP). A plasmid expression vector carrying the BIOTRX and birA genes arranged as a bacterial operon can be used to obtain high level production of soluble BIOTRX and BirA proteins and, under appropriate culture conditions, BIOTRX protein produced by this system is completely biotinylated. Fusions of BIOTRX to other proteins or peptides, whether these polypeptides are linked to the C-terminus or inserted into the BIOTRX active site loop, are also quantitatively biotinylated. Both types of BIOTRX fusion can be captured efficiently on avidin/streptavidin media for purification purposes or to facilitate interaction assays. We illustrate the utility of the system by measurements of antibody and soluble receptor protein binding to BIOTRX fusions immobilized on streptavidin-conjugated BIAcore chips.
Low Viscosity Highly Concentrated Injectable Nonaqueous Suspensions of Lysozyme Microparticles (2009)

Subcutaneous injection of concentrated protein and peptide solutions, in the range of 100-400 mg/mL, is often not possible with a 25- to 27-gauge needle, as the viscosity can be well above 50 cP. Apparent viscosities below this limit are reported for suspensions of milled lysozyme microparticles up to nearly 400 mg/mL in benzyl benzoate or benzyl benzoate mixtures with safflower oils through a syringe with a 25- to 27-gauge needle at room temperature. These apparent viscosities were confirmed using a cone-and-plate rheometer. The intrinsic viscosity regressed from the Kreiger-Dougherty model was only slightly above the Einstein value of 2.5, indicating the increase in viscosity relative to that of the solvent was caused primarily by the excluded volume. Thus, the increases in viscosity from electrical double layer interactions (electroviscous effects), solvation of the particles, or deviations of the particle shape from a spherical geometry were minimal, and much smaller than typically observed for proteins dissolved in aqueous solutions. The small electroviscous effects are expected given the negligible zeta potential and thin double layers in the low dielectric constant organic solvent. The suspensions were resuspendable after a year, with essentially constant particle size after two months as measured by static light scattering. The lower apparent viscosities for highly concentrated protein suspensions relative to protein solutions, coupled with these favorable characteristics upon resuspension, may offer novel opportunities for subcutaneous injection of therapeutic proteins.
Expression of the jun-B gene during induction of monocytic differentiation. (1991)

The AP-1 protein complex binds to specific DNA sequences that regulate transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters. This complex is composed of products of the jun and fos gene families. The present studies have examined the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the regulation of jun-B gene expression during induction of monocytic differentiation. Low levels of jun-B transcripts were present in uninduced HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. In contrast, treatment with TPA was associated with rapid increases in jun-B mRNA levels that were maximal at 3 h and remained elevated at 48 h. The induction of jun-B expression by TPA in these cells preceded that of the c-jun and c-fos genes. Similar increases in jun-B transcripts were detectable in TPA-treated THP-1 and U-937 myeloid leukemia cells, although expression of this gene was transient in the more differentiated THP-1 cells. Run-on assays demonstrated low levels of jun-B gene activation in untreated HL-60 cells, whereas TPA treatment was associated with a 6-fold increase in the transcription rate of this gene. This induction of jun-B expression occurred in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. In contrast, inhibition of protein synthesis was associated with superinduction of TPA-induced jun-B mRNA levels and an increase in stability of this transcript. These findings suggest that jun-B gene expression is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels during induction of monocytic differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Persistence of a small subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells in the C6 glioma cell line (2004)

Both stem cells and cancer cells are thought to be capable of unlimited proliferation. Paradoxically, however, some cancers seem to contain stem-like cells (cancer stem cells). To help resolve this paradox, we investigated whether established malignant cell lines, which have been maintained for years in culture, contain a subpopulation of stem cells. In this article, we show that many cancer cell lines contain a small side population (SP), which, in many normal tissues, is thought to contain the stem cells of the tissue. We demonstrate that in the absence of serum the combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor maintains SP cells in the C6 glioma cell line. Moreover, we show that C6 SP cells, but not non-SP cells, can generate both SP and non-SP cells in culture and are largely responsible for the in vivo malignancy of this cell line. Finally, we provide evidence that C6 SP cells can produce both neurons and glial cells in vitro and in vivo. We propose that many cancer cell lines contain a minor subpopulation of stem cells that is enriched in an SP, can be maintained indefinitely in culture, and is crucial for their malignancy.
Regiospecific and highly stereoselective electrophilic addition to furanoid glycals: synthesis of phosphonate nucleotide analogs with potent activity against HIV (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific and highly stereoselective electrophilic addition to furanoid glycals: synthesis of phosphonate nucleotide analogs with potent activity against HIVChoung Un Kim, Bing Y. Luh, and John C. MartinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2642–2647Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fundamental design issues for the future Internet (1995)

The Internet has been a startling and dramatic success. Originally designed to link together a small group of researchers, the Internet is now used by many millions of people. However, multimedia applications, with their novel traffic characteristics and service requirements, pose an interesting challenge to the technical foundations of the Internet. We address some of the fundamental architectural design issues facing the future Internet. In particular, we discuss whether the Internet should adopt a new service model, how this service model should be invoked, and whether this service model should include admission control. These architectural issues are discussed in a nonrigorous manner, through the use of a utility function formulation and some simple models. While we do advocate some design choices over others, the main purpose here is to provide a framework for discussing the various architectural alternatives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and midazolam-ketamine combination as sedative agents in pediatric dentistry: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial (2016)

Oral midazolam-ketamine combination and intranasal dexmedetomidine evaluated in the present study can be used safely and effectively in uncooperative pediatric dental patients for producing conscious sedation.
β‐Amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the olfactory bulb in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (1999)

Impaired olfaction, hyposmia or anosmia are part of the clinical phenotype in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been proposed that the most severely affected areas are interconnected with the central olfactory system in contrast to the relative sparing of other sensory areas which lack olfactory connections. The pathology of the first synaptic relay in the olfactory pathway, the olfactory bulb (OB), has been studied in AD, but the results have been inconsistent. In order to define more fully the pathology of the OB, we analysed 15 AD and 15 control cases, using amyloid and tau immunohistochemistry on serial sections. This study demonstrates for the first time that all layers of the OB are severely affected in AD and in normal ageing. The principal effector cells of the OB, the mitral cells, developed neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) both in AD and in controls. All the cases, with the exception of two of the controls, contained NFTs. Amyloid immunoreactivity was detected in diffuse, primitive, classical and compact deposits in AD, while five control cases contained mainly diffuse deposits. We did not find a correlation between amyloid deposition and NFT formation. Among the control cases, two contained neither amyloid nor NFTs, eight had NFTs but no amyloid and only five had both NFTs and amyloid. All the AD cases had NFT and amyloid deposition. Our data suggest that the earlier pathology in the OB is NFT formation and more than ten NFTs/section is compatible with 93.3% diagnostic accuracy for AD.
Natural history of experimental coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in relation to endothelial shear stress: a serial, in vivo intravascular ultrasound study. (2010)

The synergistic effect of local ESS and the remodeling response to plaque formation determine the natural history of individual lesions. Combined in vivo assessment of ESS and remodeling may predict the focal formation of high-risk coronary plaque.
Evidence for Ternary Complex Formation by Histone H1, DNA, and Liposomes (1995)

Using three different donor-acceptor pairs for resonance energy transfer, interactions in systems composed of histone H1, liposomes, and DNA were investigated. While weak attachment of H1 to phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes was observed, the inclusion of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), or phosphatidic acid (PA) strongly enhanced the membrane association of H1, the extent of binding increasing with the content of the acidic lipid. Increasing the content of the negatively charged lipid also made the membrane attachment of H1 less susceptible to dissociation by NaCl, thus indicating, in keeping with our previous studies, that protonation of the acidic lipid is an important factor. Whereas DNA binds to sphingosine-containing cationic liposomes, these vesicles did not bind H1. Instead, H1 effectively competed with sphingosine for binding with DNA. In systems comprising DNA, liposomes, and H1, the interactions were clearly dependent on the liposome composition. While moderately acidic liposomes (PS content < 30 mol%) seemed to form ternary complexes with DNA and H1, strongly acidic liposomes (PS content > 30 mol %) competed with DNA for binding H1, partly removing the histone from the nucleic acid. The tendency to form ternary complexes also seemed to depend on the type of the acidic lipid. Possible physiological consequences of the interactions detected in these simple model systems are discussed.
Effect of Liposomal-Encapsulated Superoxide Dismutase on Active Oxygen-Related Human Disorders. A Preliminary Study (1985)

Liposomal-encapsulated superoxide dismutase was clinically applied to patient showing an increase in neutrophil active oxygen generation, and those with diseases such as severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease and progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) in which presence of a plasmatic clastogenic factor has been demonstrated. Liposomal SOD injection (2.5 mg twice a week) resulted in marked remission in 12 out of 16 patients with active Behcet's disease. The drug was impressively effective on patients with intestinal Behcet. Remission rates in the other diseases was 7 out of 8 mucocutaneous lymphnode syndrome (MCLS, Kawasaki disease) 3 out of 5 dermatitis herpetiformis, IgA linear bullous dermatosis or severe cement dermatitis, 4 out of 9 active and severe RA, 3 out of 3 PSS, 4 out of 4 Crohn's disease, 3 out of 4 colitis ulcerosa, and 2 out of 2 unresponsive (hemolytic) anemia. To be emphasized was that three severe active RA patients and two terminal-stage PSS patients with dyspnea due to lung fibrosis showed dramatic improvement after administration of liposomal SOD. In addition, in 13 out of 15 malignant neo plastic patients including cancer, malignant lymphoma and leucemia who were receiving radiotherapy (total dose, more than 4000 rads) and chemotherapy including anthracycline analogs (total over 450 mg/m2) and bleomycin, the drug also prevented the appearance of myocardiac injury and fibrosis, sometimes seen as a consequence of chemotherapy. Liposomal SOD, which shows no toxicity, has various advantages compared to free SOD preparations, and is highly and broadly applicable to various clinical disorders.
Electrical stimulation of the lingual musculature in obstructive sleep apnea (1996)

The influence of lingual muscle activity on airflow dynamics in the upper airway was examined in nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Muscles that retract the tongue (hyoglossus and styloglossus) and protrude the tongue (genioglossus) were selectively stimulated electrically during sleep with fine wire electrodes placed intramuscularly transorally. We confirmed that stimulation with 50 Hz and 40-microseconds pulse duration did not elicit changes in electroencephalographic patterns or heart rate or alter airflow after the stimulation burst had ceased. The highest stimulus intensity that did not arouse patients from sleep was then utilized to examine the effect of lingual muscle recruitment on airflow dynamics during steady-state periods of inspiratory airflow limitation. When applying a stimulus burst during single inspirations, maximal inspiratory airflow decreased by 239 +/- 177 ml/s (P < 0.05) during retractor stimulation, whereas maximal inspiratory airflow increased by 217 +/- 93 ml/s during protrusor stimulation (P < 0.001) compared with breaths immediately before and after the stimulated breath. When consecutive inspirations were stimulated repeatedly, protrusor stimulation decreased the frequency of obstructive breathing episodes in four patients breathing at 3.9 +/- 3.4 (SD) cmH2O nasal pressure. The findings suggest that stimulation of the lingual muscles can increase or decrease airflow depending on the specific muscles stimulated without arousing patients from sleep.