gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy (2016)

A patient with recurrent multifocal glioblastoma received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells targeting the tumor-associated antigen interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Multiple infusions of CAR T cells were administered over 220 days through two intracranial delivery routes - infusions into the resected tumor cavity followed by infusions into the ventricular system. Intracranial infusions of IL13Rα2-targeted CAR T cells were not associated with any toxic effects of grade 3 or higher. After CAR T-cell treatment, regression of all intracranial and spinal tumors was observed, along with corresponding increases in levels of cytokines and immune cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. This clinical response continued for 7.5 months after the initiation of CAR T-cell therapy. (Funded by Gateway for Cancer Research and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02208362 .).
Thermal biology and physiology in clinical hyperthermia: current status and future needs. (1984)

The current status and needs of thermal biology and physiology as related to clinical hyperthermia are summarized. Emphasis is placed on heat-induced modification of blood flow and microenvironment in tissues, on the biological effects of heat and X-rays, and on the relationship between drug resistance, heat resistance, and thermotolerance in thermochemotherapy. Results from recent studies investigating the relationships between thermotolerance and heat shock proteins in tissue culture cell lines, in rodent tumors, and in normal tissues are presented. These data strongly suggest that the levels of Mr 70,000 heat shock protein can be used as an assay to predict the thermal sensitivity of tissues during fractionated hyperthermia.
LED backlighting for LCD HDTV (2002)

Abstract— Light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are used today for backlighting of small displays such as PDAs and mobile phones. We show in this paper that a new LED technology can be used for high‐demanding display‐backlighting applications such as LCD HDTV. Using this new type of emitter, called a Luxeon™ Power Light Source, a brightness higher than an edge‐lit CCFL backlight can be achieved, while compared to a direct‐lit CCFL backlight the thickness is lower and the uniformity is better. With on‐going improvements in LED performance over the coming years, LED backlights will reach and even outperform the brightness performance of direct‐lit backlights while maintaining the benefits of edge‐lit solutions at even higher brightness levels.
The Roscommon Family Study (1993)

The nonschizophrenic, nonaffective psychoses have a significant familial relationship with both schizophrenia and schizotypical personality disorder. Schizoaffective disorder, as defined by DSM-III-R, shares familial etiologic factors with at least some forms of AI.
The Optimal Location and Specification of Sub-destination Sign in a Roundabout (2012)

최근 교통운영체계 선진화방안의 일환으로 사고감소, 소통증진, 저탄소 녹색교통 활성화 차원에서 회전교차로의 도입 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 지자체에서는 회전교차로 설치사업을 추진함에 따라 회전교차로의 도입이 점차 확대되고 있으나, 현 도로표지 설치 기준에 따라 보조방향표지를 설치할 경우 교차로의 형태에 적합하지 않아 그 설치기준을 새롭게 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 국내 회전교차로의 도로표지 설치 기준을 실험을 통해 도출하고자 하였다. 국외 회전교차로의 도로표지 설치 기준에 대해 고찰하여 규격 및 설치위치에 대한 사항을 준용하여, 교차로 내에서 적정 위치에서 회전할 수 있도록 설치위치 및 최소 글씨크기를 산출하여 적용하였다. 설치 가능한 위치별 2개의 규격을 적용하였으며, 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과에 따라, 운전자가 인지와 판독이 용이한 위치는 우측부였으며, 최소글씨 크기 15cm 일 때 원하는 출구로 진출이 가능하였다. 이에 따라, 회전교차로에 설치되는 보조방향표지의 최소 글씨크기 및 설치위치에 대한 기준을 도출하였다. As a strategy to enhance traffic management, roundabouts come to the fore recently to decrease traffic accidents, streamline traffic flows, and expedite the realization of green transportation. As local governments introduced roundabouts, new road sign standards have to be established because the existing road sign regulations cannot be applied to roundabouts. Prior to trying to make suitable specification of sub-destination signs in roundabouts, regulations of other countries were examined and modified. The legend and location was calculated so that drivers could turn in time. Two specifications were determined by simulation experiments. As a result, drivers could read signs at right side better than at traffic island, and turn in time at 15cm legend size. Consequently, we proposed the minimum specifications and optimal locations of sub-destination signs.
T‐box genes and heart development: Putting the “T” in heart (2004)

Members of the T-box gene family (Tbx) are essential for normal heart development, and mutations in human TBX genes cause congenital cardiovascular malformations. T-box genes have been implicated in early cardiac lineage determination, chamber specification, valvuloseptal development, and diversification of the specialized conduction system in vertebrate embryos. These genes include Tbx1, Tbx2, Tbx3, Tbx5, Tbx18, and Tbx20, all of which exhibit complex temporal spatial regulation in developing cardiac structures. Less is known about T-box genes in invertebrate heart development, but multiple T-box genes are expressed in Drosophila cardiac lineages. The molecular hierarchies and developmental processes controlled by T-box genes in the heart are the focus of this review.
Slow-cooling protocols for crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing (1990)

An improved protocol for crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing is presented. It consists of slow cooling starting at high temperatures. Tests of refinements of aspartate aminotransferase and procin pepsin show that the slow-cooling protocol produces lower R factors and better geometry than other protocols previously published. The influence of the temperature-control method, weighting, cooling rate and duration of the heating stage on the success of the slow-cooling protocol is studied. Analysis of the time course of the potential-energy fluctuations indicates no global changes in the state of order of the system. Fluctuations of the potential energy are interpreted as localized conformational changes during the course of the refinement.
Kinetics of daunorubicin transport by P‐glycoprotein of intact cancer cells (1992)

Drug permeation across the plasma membrane of multidrug-resistant cells depends on the kinetics of the P-glycoprotein-mediated pump activity as well as on the passive permeation of the drug. We here demonstrate a method to characterize kinetically the pump in intact cells. To this purpose, we examined the membrane-transport properties of daunorubicin in various sensitive cancer cell lines and in their multidrug resistant (MDR) counterparts. First, we determined the passive permeability coefficient for daunorubicin. Then, using a flow-through system, the drug flux into the cell was measured after inhibition of the P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux pump. Combining the two results allowed us to calculate the intracellular free concentration of the drug. In the steady-state, the pump rate must equal the net rate of passive diffusion of the drug and, therefore, the same experiments gave us the pumping rate of daunorubicin. These experiments were then repeated at various extracellular drug concentrations. By plotting the pumping rate versus the intracellular drug concentration, we then characterized the P-glycoprotein kinetically. Four independent methods were used to measure the passive permeability coefficient for the cell line A2780. Similar values were obtained. Maximal pump rates (Vmax) showed a good correlation with the amount of P-glycoprotein in the cell lines used. We obtained saturation curves for the variation of the pump rates with the intracellular daunorubicin concentrations. These curves were typical for positive cooperativity, which provides evidence that at least two binding sites for daunorubicin are present on the active transport system of daunorubicin. The apparent Km values for P-glycoprotein-mediated transport, the intracellular free cytosolic daunorubicin concentrations at half-maximal velocity for the cell lines used, were approximately 1.5 microM. Except for the cell lines with the highest amount of P-glycoprotein, the passive efflux rate of daunorubicin proved to be a substantial part of the total daunorubicin efflux rate for the cell lines used. In cell lines with relatively low levels of P-glycoprotein, passive daunorubicin efflux was even the main route of daunorubicin transport from the cells, determining the intracellular steady-state concentrations of daunorubicin.
Coarse-to-Fine Question Answering for Long Documents (2017)

Eunsol Choi, Daniel Hewlett, Jakob Uszkoreit, Illia Polosukhin, Alexandre Lacoste, Jonathan Berant. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2017.
Assessment of Negative and Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia (1983)

Reliable, convenient rating scales to assess negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia are necessary to evaluate further the theoretical and clinical importance of this division of symptoms and signs. The authors describe the application of the Rasch model, a probabilistic, item-independent, and sample-independent test construction procedure to the development of scales for both types of symptoms. The scales for negative and positive symptoms, which are based separately on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Current (SADS-C) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), demonstrated excellent reliability and temporal stability (i.e., yielded a rank order of patients that remained stable over time). The pattern of interscale correlations supports the view that positive symptoms, cognitive-affective negative symptoms, and social withdrawal are independent of one another.
Further Oxidation of Hydroxycalcidiol by Calcidiol 24‐Hydroxylase (1994)

The coding region of the cDNA for rat kidney calcidiol 24-hydroxylase (P450cc24), which is involved in calcium homeostasis in animals, was inserted into an expression vector pKK223-3. The recombinant plasmid was formed in a specific manner without deletion or substitution of any parts of the coding region of the cDNA. When the resulting plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli JM109, the recombinant cells produced a protein which was immunoreactive to an antibody against P450cc24. When the cell-free extract of the transformed cells was incubated with calcidiol together with bovine adrenodoxin and NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase, not only hydroxycalcidiol but also other metabolites such as oxocalcidiol and oxohydroxycalcidiol were produced. Similarly, calcitriol was converted not only to calcitetrol but also to oxocalcitriol and oxohydroxycalcitriol. These results indicate that a single enzyme expressed in the bacteria is responsible for all these successive reactions.
Determination of Intra-abdominal Pressure Using a Transurethral Bladder Catheter (1989)

The determination of intra-abdominal pressures (IAP) may be useful in many clinical situations. The authors recently demonstrated in the canine model a close correlation between actual IAP and the bladder pressure measurements obtained from a transurethral catheter. The purpose of this study was to clinically validate this technique. The authors studied 16 patients, and compared IAP in three positions (supine, with compressions, and semi-erect) utilizing both direct intraperitoneal pressure monitoring and the pressure obtained with a transurethral bladder catheter. Their results demonstrated a linear relationship between the two methods described, with a mean r value of 0.95 in the supine and semi-erect positions, and 0.99 with abdominal compressions (P less than 0.0001). The authors conclude that transurethral monitoring of bladder pressure offers a safe, simple, and highly accurate method for evaluating IAP at the bedside. Studies evaluating the indication for its use in the operating room and intensive care settings appear warranted.
Particle separation using ultrasound can be used with human shed mediastinal blood (2005)

This study demonstrates that PARSUS technology can be used on human shed mediastinal blood with good separation efficiency. The technology is, thereby, suggested to have future clinical relevance.
CEA, CA 19‐9, and CA 125 in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases with or without jaundice (2007)

In the differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma from benign pancreatic diseases, CA 19-9 can be useful in the nonjaundiced patients, whereas CA 125 provides a limited contribution in jaundiced patients.
Phage antibodies with pan‐species recognition of the oncofoetal angiogenesis marker fibronectin ED‐B domain (1996)

Fibronectin (FN) exists in several polymorphic forms due to alternative splicing. The B-FN isoform (with ED-B domain inserted by splicing) is present in the stroma of foetal and neoplastic tissues and in adult and neoplastic blood vessels during angiogenesis but is undetectable in mature vessels. This isoform, therefore, represents a promising marker for angiogenesis, as already shown using the mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) BC-I directed against an epitope on human B-FN. However, this MAb does not directly recognise the human ED-B domain nor does it recognise B-FN of other species; therefore, it cannot be used as a marker of angiogenesis in animal models. In principle, antibodies directed against the human ED-B domain should provide pan-species markers for angiogenesis as the sequence of this domain is highly conserved in different species (and identical in humans and mice). As it has proved difficult to obtain such antibodies by hybridoma technology, we used phage display technology. Here, we describe the isolation of human antibody fragments against the human ED-B domain that bind to human, mouse and chicken B-FN. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the antibody fragments stain human neoplastic tissues and the human, mouse and chicken neovasculature. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Loci Associated With Alzheimer Disease (2010)

Two genetic loci for AD were found for the first time to reach genome-wide statistical significance. These findings were replicated in an independent population. Two recently reported associations were also confirmed. These loci did not improve AD risk prediction. While not clinically useful, they may implicate biological pathways useful for future research.
The sampled-data iterative learning control for nonlinear systems (2002)

In this paper a sampled-data iterative learning controller is proposed for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems with uncertainties. The learning algorithm is constructed without any differentiation of the learning error and can be applied to a more general class of nonlinear systems with zero or singular input-output coupling matrix. A rigorous proof via a discrete approach is given to study the convergence and robustness. Under a sufficient condition on the learning operator, the uniform boundedness between the plant output and the desired output can be shown at each sampling instant if the sampling period is small enough.
1-Deoxy- d -Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase, the Gene Product of Open Reading Frame (ORF) 2816 and ORF 2895 in Rhodobacter capsulatus (2001)

In eubacteria, green algae, and plant chloroplasts, isopentenyl diphosphate, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, is synthesized by the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The five carbons of the basic isoprenoid unit are assembled by joining pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The reaction is catalyzed by the thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. In Rhodobacter capsulatus, two open reading frames (ORFs) carry the genes that encode 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. ORF 2816 is located in the photosynthesis-related gene cluster, along with most of the genes required for synthesis of the photosynthetic machinery of the bacterium, whereas ORF 2895 is located elsewhere in the genome. The proteins encoded by ORF 2816 and ORF 2895, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase A and B, containing a His(6) tag, were synthesized in Escherichia coli and purified to greater than 95% homogeneity in two steps. 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase A appears to be a homodimer with 68 kDa subunits. A new assay was developed, and the following steady-state kinetic constants were determined for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase A and B: K(m)(pyruvate) = 0.61 and 3.0 mM, K(m)(D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) = 150 and 120 microM, and V(max) = 1.9 and 1.4 micromol/min/mg in 200 mM sodium citrate (pH 7.4). The ORF encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase B complemented the disrupted essential dxs gene in E. coli strain FH11.
Taiwan's Status in a Changing World: United Nations Representation and Membership for Taiwan (2003)

This paper starts with an overview of basic conceptual issues about the UN and its modem function. The focus on this part will be the concepts of representation and universality membership. Once we have properly identified and understood these concepts, some discussion will follow, deal mainly with such issues as; the ROC's exclusion from the UN as inconsistent with the universal principle of representation, Taiwan's efforts to join the UN, the increasing importance to improve Taiwan's status in the UN, and, the UN's considerable benefits to access Taiwan's UN entry bid. In addition to the issue of reexamining the significant UN Resolution 2758, the most complicated part of this chapter is that Taiwan's position in the UN is obviously influenced by Taiwan's relations with China. However, in spite of the obstacles and limitations from the PRC, there is substantial room for improvement with regard to the membership issue. In a spirit of compromise, it is from the viewpoint of the whole world's best interest to see Taiwan breaking out from the current international isolation and playing a valuable role in the United Nations. Such a situation will be highly meaningful in the enhancement of the legal status of Taiwan and regional security. Accordingly, this paper is organized into seven parts, which are: part one - introduction; part two - role of the United Nations in a changing world; part three - the membership issue in the United Nations; part four - the United Nations Resolution 2758 and the question of representation; part five--commentary on the United Nations Resolution 2758; part six - Taiwan's case for the United Nations membership; and part seven - conclusion.
Can antibodies with specificity for soluble antigens mimic the therapeutic effects of intravenous IgG in the treatment of autoimmune disease? (2005)

Intravenous Ig (IVIg) mediates protection from the effects of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as well as numerous other autoimmune states; however, the active antibodies within IVIg are unknown. There is some evidence that antibodies specific for a cell-associated antigen on erythrocytes are responsible, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of IVIg in ITP. Yet whether an IVIg directed to a soluble antigen can likewise be beneficial in ITP or other autoimmune diseases is also unknown. A murine model of ITP was used to determine the effectiveness of IgG specific to soluble antigens in treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Mice experimentally treated with soluble OVA + anti-OVA versus mice treated with OVA conjugated to rbcs (OVA-rbcs) + anti-OVA were compared. In both situations, mice were protected from ITP. Both these experimental therapeutic regimes acted in a complement-independent fashion and both also blocked reticuloendothelial function. In contrast to OVA-rbcs + anti-OVA, soluble OVA + anti-OVA (as well as IVIg) did not have any effect on thrombocytopenia in mice lacking the inhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIB (FcgammaRIIB(-/-) mice). Similarly, antibodies reactive with the endogenous soluble antigens albumin and transferrin also ameliorated ITP in an FcgammaRIIB-dependent manner. Finally, broadening the significance of these experiments was the finding that anti-albumin was protective in a K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model. We conclude that IgG antibodies directed to soluble antigens ameliorated 2 disparate IVIg-treatable autoimmune diseases.
Communication fixation and stabilization of Escherichia coli cells displaying genetically engineered cell surface proteins (1996)

A large biotechnological potential is inherent in the display of proteins (e.g., enzymes, single-chain antibodies, on the surface of bacterial cells) (Georgiou et al., 1993). Applications such as immobilized whole-cell biocatalysts or cellular adsorbents require cell fixation to prevent disintegration, stabilization of the anchored protein from leakage, denaturation or proteolysis, and total loss of cell viability, preventing medium and potential product contamination with cells. In this article we describe the adaptation of a simple two-stage chemical crosslinking procedure based on “bi-layer encagement” (Tor et al., 1989) for stabilizing Escherichia coli cells expressing an Lpp-OmpA (46–159)-β-lactamase fusion that displays β-lactamase on the cell surface. Bilayer crosslinking and coating the bacteria with a polymeric matrix is accomplished by treating the cells first with either glutaraldehyde or polyglutaraldehyde, followed by secondary crosslinking with polyacrylamide hydrazide. These treatments resulted in a 5- to 25-fold reduction of the thermal inactivation rate constant at 55°C of surface anchored β-lactamase and completely prevented the deterioration of the cells for at least a week of storage at 4°C. The stabilization procedure developed paves the way to scalable biotechnological applications of E. coli displaying surface anchored proteins as whole-cell biocatalysts and adsorbents. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
cAMP regulates soluble guanylate cyclase beta 1-subunit gene expression in RFL-6 rat fetal lung fibroblasts (1993)

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylate cyclase, thereby stimulating the synthesis of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). To investigate the regulation of this important EDRF/NO receptor, we studied soluble guanylate cyclase gene expression in a rat fetal lung fibroblast cell line (RFL-6). 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, forskolin, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), agents which increase intracellular cAMP, decreased the concentration of mRNA encoding the beta 1-subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase in RFL-6 cells. To investigate whether a decrease in beta 1-subunit mRNA concentration was reflected in diminished capacity to produce cGMP, forskolin-treated RFL-6 cells were exposed to the NO-donor compound sodium nitroprusside. Exposure to forskolin reversibly reduced the ability of RFL-6 cells to increase cGMP in response to NO. These observations suggest that cAMP can modulate the cellular response to EDRF/NO by decreasing the expression of one of the subunits of soluble guanylate cyclase.
Reconstructions after resections of tumors involving the proximal femur. (1991)

Advances in prosthesis design, the use of allografts, and a systematic approach to the staging and surgical treatment of musculoskeletal tumors have made limb salvage possible in the proximal femoral region. With the use of effective adjuvant therapy, limb salvage is now an option for the majority of patients presenting with locally invasive neoplasms in this area. The increase in functional outcome is sufficient to warrant serious consideration of limb salvage over the corresponding amputation. Preoperative planning is discussed along with surgical techniques.