gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ground Reference Points in Legged Locomotion: Definitions, Biological Trajectories and Control Implications (2005)

The zero moment point (ZMP), foot rotation indicator (FRI) and centroidal moment pivot (CMP) are important ground reference points used for motion identification and control in biomechanics and legged robotics. In this paper, we study these reference points for normal human walking, and discuss their applicability in legged machine control. Since the FRI was proposed as an indicator of foot rotation, we hypothesize that the FRI will closely track the ZMP in early single support when the foot remains flat on the ground, but will then significantly diverge from the ZMP in late single support as the foot rolls during heel-off. Additionally, since spin angular momentum has been shown to remain small throughout the walking cycle, we hypothesize that the CMP will never leave the ground support base throughout the entire gait cycle, closely tracking the ZMP. We test these hypotheses using a morphologically realistic human model and kinetic and kinematic gait data measured from ten human subjects walking at self-selected speeds. We find that the mean separation distance between the FRI and ZMP during heel-off is within the accuracy of their measurement (0.1% of foot length). Thus, the FRI point is determined not to be an adequate measure of foot rotational acceleration and a modified FRI point is proposed. Finally, we find that the CMP never leaves the ground support base, and the mean separation distance between the CMP and ZMP is small (14% of foot length), highlighting how closely the human body regulates spin angular momentum in level ground walking.
"Nonrandom" DNA sequence analysis in bacteriophage M13 by the dideoxy chain-termination method. (1982)

We describe a rapid "nonrandom" DNA sequence analysis procedure that facilitates the nucleotide sequence determination of large contiguous regions of DNA. The method consists of cloning a restriction endonuclease fragment of interest into bacteriophage M13 followed by construction of a series of nuclease BAL-31 deletion mutants originating from a single site in M13 that is close to the DNA insert. Determination of the size of the deletion mutant is accomplished by hybridization to a complementary single-stranded probe derived from M13 containing that total insert followed by nuclease S1 treatment. Single-stranded M13-insert DNAs of progressively smaller sizes are isolated and analyzed by using a site-specific M13 DNA primer and the dideoxy chain-termination method. In this way, analysis of the DNA sequence proceeds from one end of the total insert to the other in a nonrandom fashion due to generation of a controlled overlapping set of deletion mutants.
EphB4 Expression and Biological Significance in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Advanced prostate cancer spreading beyond the gland is incurable. Identifying factors that regulate the spread of tumor into the regional nodes and distant sites would guide the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. The aim of our study was to examine the expression and biological role of EphB4 in prostate cancer. EphB4 mRNA is expressed in 64 of 72 (89%) prostate tumor tissues assessed. EphB4 protein expression is found in the majority (41 of 62, 66%) of tumors, and 3 of 20 (15%) normal prostate tissues. Little or no expression was observed in benign prostate epithelial cell line, but EphB4 was expressed in all prostate cancer cell lines to varying degrees. EphB4 protein levels are high in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line and several folds higher in a metastatic clone of PC3 (PC3M) where overexpression was accompanied by EphB4 gene amplification. EphB4 expression is induced by loss of PTEN, p53, and induced by epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin-like growth factor-IR. Knockdown of the EphB4 protein using EphB4 short interfering RNA or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide significantly inhibits cell growth/viability, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting EphB4 in vivo showed antitumor activity in murine human tumor xenograft model. These data show a role for EphB4 in prostate cancer and provide a rationale to study EphB4 for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
Simultaneous T1 and B1+ Mapping Using Reference Region Variable Flip Angle Imaging (2013)

A new method that can measure both T1 and B1 (+) maps based on Dixon VFA images is described, offering improved T1 quantification with no scan time penalty.
Poor Cell Surface Expression of Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutations Associated with Obesity (2003)

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays an important role in the regulation of body weight in rodents. Mutations in the coding region of the MC4R are found more frequently in obese individuals, supporting the hypothesis that also in humans deficient melanocortin signaling may lead to obesity. Family studies that were carried out to demonstrate the relevance of single mutations for obesity were mostly inconclusive, most likely due to small sample size and complexity of the trait. In addition, the existing pharmacological data of the mutant receptors are limited in that for most mutations the effect on receptor expression level and Agouti-related protein (AgRP) pharmacology have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to gain further insight into the impact of the MC4R mutations on receptor function. Eleven missense mutations were tested for cell surface expression, affinity for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and AgRP-(83-132), and the biological response to alpha-MSH. All mutants were poorly expressed at the cell surface, as measured by 125I-[Nle4-D-Phe7]alpha-MSH binding, and only a few mutants showed altered pharmacology for alpha-MSH and AgRP. Hemagglutinin-tagged mutant receptors were retained in the intracellular environment. These pharmacological data provide a basis to estimate the quantitative effect of MC4R mutations for the development of obesity.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein inhibits the antiangiogenic effect of thrombospondin-1 (2001)

Angiogenesis is critical for the growth and proliferation of tumors as well as for normal development. We now describe a novel role for histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) in the modulation of angiogenesis. HRGP is a plasma protein that circulates in relatively high concentrations (1.5 microM), but has no known function in vivo. We have shown previously that HRGP binds with high affinity to thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a homotrimeric glycoprotein that is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. The antiangiogenic activity of TSP-1 is mediated by the binding of properdin-like type I repeats to the receptor CD36. We found that binding of HRGP to TSP-1 was similarly mediated by TSP type I repeats. HRGP colocalized with TSP-1 in the stroma of human breast cancer specimens, and this interaction masked the antiangiogenic epitope of TSP-1. In assays performed in vitro of endothelial cell migration and tube formation, and in vivo corneal angiogenesis assays, HRGP inhibited the antiangiogenic effect of TSP-1. These studies suggest that HRGP can modulate the antiangiogenic activity of TSP-1, and identify a potential mechanism of resistance to the antiangiogenic effect of TSP-1.
Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility as a means for insect pest population control (2004)

Biological control is the purposeful introduction of parasites, predators, and pathogens to reduce or suppress pest populations. Wolbachia are inherited bacteria of arthropods that have recently attracted attention for their potential as new biocontrol agents. Wolbachia manipulate host reproduction by using several strategies, one of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) [Stouthamer, R., Breeuwer, J. A. J. & Hurst, G. D. D. (1999) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53, 71-102]. We established Wolbachia-infected lines of the medfly Ceratitis capitata using the infected cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi as donor. Wolbachia induced complete CI in the novel host. Laboratory cage populations were completely suppressed by single releases of infected males, suggesting that Wolbachia-induced CI could be used as a novel environmentally friendly tool for the control of medfly populations. The results also encourage the introduction of Wolbachia into pest and vector species of economic and hygenic relevance to suppress or modify natural populations.
Improvement of motor function in early Parkinson disease by safinamide (2004)

A median safinamide (SAF) dose of 70 mg/day (range 40 to 90 mg/day) increased the percentage of parkinsonian patients improving their motor scores by > or =30% from baseline (responders) after 3 months from 21.4% (placebo) to 37.5% (p < 0.05, calculated by logistic regression analysis). In a subgroup of 101 patients under stable treatment with a single dopamine agonist, addition of SAF magnified the response (47.1% responders, mean 4.7-point motor score decrease; p > or = 0.05). These results suggest that doses of SAF exerting ion channel block and glutamate release inhibition add to its symptomatic effect and warrant exploration of higher doses.
Pediatric super‐refractory status epilepticus treated with allopregnanolone (2014)

Super-refractory status epilepticus is a life-threatening condition. Resistance to benzodiazepine and barbiturate treatment for this disorder is thought to be due to internalization of synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors, and withdrawal of benzodiazepines and barbiturates during treatment often triggers seizure recurrence. The neurosteroid allopregnanolone acts as a positive allosteric modulator of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Here we describe the use of allopregnanolone in 2 pediatric patients with super-refractory status epilepticus. This treatment allowed the general anesthetic infusions to be weaned with resolution of status epilepticus. This is the first report of allopregnanolone use to treat status epilepticus in children.
Comparative Toxicity of Stable Rare Earth Compounds (1962)

S>Intraperitoneal injections of rare earth chlorides, citrates, and edetate (EDTA) complexes in mice and guinea pigs produced graded toxic reactions in the animals in doses from 25 mg per ktlogram to 500 mg per ktlogram. Chloride toxicity was difficult to evaluate because of hydrolysis and precipttation at the site of injection with subsequert developmert of peritonitis. The citrates and edetate complexes are absorbed from the injection site and show a general pattern of decreasing toxicity from the lower to the higher larthanons. Gross and histopathological examination of bone marrow (sterna liver, kidney, spleen, adrerals, sex organs, lungs, myoca dium, and mesenteric lymph nodes indicate that lesions, when found, were simtlar for all rare earths. There appears to be a predilection for liver and kidney. Citrates produce an acute passive congestion of lungs and liver within 4 hours after injection, which is of a transitory na ture. Renal changes are found later but not consistentiy. In general, the citrates were more toxic than the edetate complexes. (auth)
Macrophage Phenotype in Liver Injury and Repair (2016)

Macrophages hold a critical position in the pathogenesis of liver injury and repair, in which their infiltrations is regarded as a main feature for both acute and chronic liver diseases. It is noted that, based on the distinct phenotypes and origins, hepatic macrophages are capable of clearing pathogens, promoting/or inhibiting liver inflammation, while regulating liver fibrosis and fibrolysis through interplaying with hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) via releasing different types of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Macrophages are typically categorized into M1 or M2 phenotypes by adapting to local microenvironment during the progression of liver injury. In most occasions, M1 macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role in liver injury, while M2 macrophages exert an anti-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic role during liver repair and fibrosis. In this review, we focused on the up-to-date information about the phenotypic and functional plasticity of the macrophages and discussed the detailed mechanisms through which the phenotypes and functions of macrophages are regulated in different stages of liver injury and repair. Moreover, their roles in determining the fate of liver diseases were also summarized. Finally, the macrophage-targeted therapies against liver diseases were also be evaluated.
Fabrication of a Superhydrophobic Surface from the Amplified Exponential Growth of a Multilayer (2006)

Hierarchical micro- and nanostructures can be produced simultaneously by the novel layer-by-layer assembly described here. The multilayer films, grown by an exponential growth mechanism that can be amplified by adding silver ions, showed extreme hydrophobicity and a lotus-leaf-like amplification of the surface roughness. The figure clearly demonstrates the superhydrophobic nature of the multilayer film. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c2453_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of alternative crosslinking techniques on the enzymatic degradation of bovine pericardia and their calcification (1997)

The in vitro calcification and enzymatic degradation of bovine pericardia (BP) after a series of surface treatments were studied as a function of exposure time. The degradation of these treated surfaces was monitored by scanning electron micrography and tensile strength measurements. Polyethylene glycol-(PEG) grafted BP and glutaraldehyde-(GA) treated BPs retained maximum stability in collagenase digestion compared with SDS-treated BP. The ability of alpha chymotrypsin, bromelain, esterase, trypsin, and collagenase to modulate the degradation of SDS-, GA-, PEG-, Carbodiimide-, and glycidylether-treated BPs also was investigated. Incubation of various enzymes to these crosslinked pericardia variably reduced the tensile strength of these tissues. It is conceivable that chemical treatments of pericardial tissues might have altered their physical and chemical configuration and the subsequent degradation properties. In vitro calcification studies showed a substantial reduction in the calcification profile of PEG-grafted bovine pericardia compared to other treated tissues. Furthermore, the biocompatibility aspects of pericardial tissues were established by platelet adhesion and octane contact angle. In conclusion, it seems that the surface modification of bovine pericardia via GA-PEG grafting may provide new ways of controlling biodegradation and calcification.
In Vitro Gene Delivery by Degraded Polyamidoamine Dendrimers (1996)

Transfection of cultured cells has been reported using complexes between DNA and spherical cationic polyamidoamine polymers (Starburst dendrimers) that consist of primary amines on the surface and tertiary amines in the interior. The transfection activity of the dendrimers is dramatically enhanced (> 50-fold) by heat treatment in a variety of solvolytic solvents, e.g., water or butanol. Such treatment induces significant degradation of the dendrimer at the amide linkage, resulting in a heterodisperse population of compounds with molecular weights ranging from the very low (< 1500 Da) to several tens of kilodaltons. The compound facilitating transfection is the high molecular weight component of the degraded product and is denoted as a "fractured" dendrimer. Transfection activity is related both to the initial size of the dendrimer and its degree of degradation. Fractured dendrimers exhibit an increased apparent volume change as measured by an increase in the reduced viscosity upon protonation of the terminal amines as pH is reduced from 10.5 to 7.2 whereas intact dendrimers do not. Dendrimers with defective branching have been synthesized and also have improved transfection activity compared to that of the intact dendrimers. For a series of heat-treated dendrimers we observe a correlation between transfection activity and the degree of flexibility, computed with a random cleavage simulation of the degradation process. We suggest that the increased transfection after the heating process is principally due to the increase in flexibility that enables the fractured dendrimer to be compact when complexed with DNA and swell when released from DNA.
Dielectric phenomenon of living matter (1997)

Surges of current in the polarization and depolarization curves for living tissue refer to trapped charges on domain boundaries within the cytoplasm or on cell membranes. An electric field is shown to provoke an elastic deformation of living cells with a relaxation nature. The diagram of a cell with domains of neutral-normal and polarized-excited states is described. An electromechanical model with an inertial element is used to describe the cooperative correlation between domains. A new technique of voltage-stimulated polarization in response to a ramp voltage enables the assessment of the visco-elastic characteristics of animal tissue cells. It reveals the nature of fine liquid crystalline domains of hierarchical structures in cytoplasm and cell membranes with respective threshold voltages that initiate their discrete polarizations. The positive increment of the permittivity spectra in the range of 20 to 10/sup 6/ Hz of intact leaves differs from those exhibiting relaxation behavior, and is shown to be anomalous. Voltages above membrane thresholds on fruit tissue samples cause membrane disruption and this is studied as an electrical breakdown process. The extreme accuracy of utilized methods elucidate otherwise intangible intracellular morphological changes, including cell transformations caused by chemical and thermal treatments. Dielectric methods are shown as the least invasive, compared with traditional biomedical examinations employing mostly histochemical treatments which alter the structure, at least, by artefacts of space charges of the treatment medium.
Chemical Modification of Chitosan. 13. Synthesis of Organosoluble, Palladium Adsorbable, and Biodegradable Chitosan Derivatives toward the Chemical Plating on Plastics (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTChemical Modification of Chitosan. 13. 1 Synthesis of Organosoluble, Palladium Adsorbable, and Biodegradable Chitosan Derivatives toward the Chemical Plating on Plastics†Hitoshi Sashiwa, Norioki Kawasaki, Atsuyoshi Nakayama, Einosuke Muraki, Noboru Yamamoto, Hong Zhu, Hiroshi Nagano, Yoshihiko Omura, Hiroyuki Saimoto, Yoshihiro Shigemasa, and Sei-ichi AibaView Author Information Green Biotechnology Research Group, The Special Division for Human Life Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563−8577; AON Chemical Company, Limited, 3-87 Chiyomi, Tottori 680-0911, Japan; Omura Toryo Company, Limited, 3-76 Chiyomi, Tottori 680-0911, Japan; and Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8522, Japan Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2002, 3, 5, 1120–1125Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2002Publication History Received16 April 2002Revised24 June 2002Published online3 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm0200478https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0200478brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1288Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Ions,Palladium,Plastics,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Antibodies against a peptide representative of a conserved region of human IFN- alpha . Differential effects on the antiviral and antiproliferative effects of IFN. (1989)

mAb generated from mice immunized with a synthetic peptide representative of a conserved region (amino acids 133 to 147) of human IFN-alpha are described. Antisera from mice immunized with the peptide coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin were able to specifically bind to the peptide and also to bind and precipitate human IFN-alpha. Binding of the antibodies to IFN-alpha was inhibited by the immunizing peptide, but not by an unrelated peptide. Immunized mice were used to obtain three hybridomas producing mAb able to recognize both the immunizing peptide and human IFN-alpha, as determined by RIA and immunoprecipitation. These antibodies also neutralized the antiviral effect of human leukocyte IFN. In contrast, none of the mAb significantly affected the inhibition of Daudi cell proliferation induced by IFN-alpha.
Novel Phases Exhibiting Tristable Switching (1989)

The phase, designated as Sm C A * , which shows tristable switching was investigated in C 8 H 17 O– - -COO– -COO * CH(CH 3 )C 6 H 13 (MHPOBC) by means of thermal analyses, a miscibility test and microscope observation. The phase transition from Sm C * to Sm C A * is not observable by AC calorimetry but small peaks comparable to the Sm A-Sm C * transition are discernible in DSC. According to the miscibility test of racemic MHPOBC with a standard compound, this new phase was found to exist between Sm C * and Sm I * and not to be miscible with Sm B hex . Therefore, the assignment of Sm C A * to one of the known phases is ruled out, which means that Sm C A * is a totally new phase. The difference between the pure enantiomer and the racemate is also pointed out.
Homozygous C2362F von Willebrand factor induces intracellular retention of mutant von Willebrand factor resulting in autosomal recessive severe von Willebrand disease (2006)

The missense mutation of cysteine 2362 to a phenylalanine in von Willebrand factor (VWF) has been detected in several Italian families with autosomal recessive, severe von Willebrand disease. We investigated how this amino acid change in VWF may lead to a predominantly quantitative defect. This mutation was studied in vitro by transient expression of the full-length mutant VWF-C2362F protein and in vivo by analysis of plasma VWF after infusion of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in a patient homozygous for this mutation. Single transfections of pSVHVWF-C2362F and co-transfections of mutant and wild-type constructs resulted in 8% and 50% VWF antigen, respectively, in conditioned medium. These reduced levels are in accordance with observations in homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the mutation. In addition, VWF-C2362F was retained intracellularly. Similar results were obtained for C2362F and C2362A. After infusion of DDAVP in a homozygous patient, a twofold decrease in half-life of plasma VWF-C2362F was observed. This was not explained by increased susceptibility of recombinant VWF-C2362F to ADAMTS13. It was concluded that VWF-C2362F causes reduced VWF plasma levels due to impaired secretion and intracellular retention. Furthermore, it is the loss of cysteine 2362 rather than the introduction of the bulky amino acid side chain that causes these effects.