gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-17 Plays an Important Role in the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2006)

IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that activates T cells and other immune cells to produce a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. This cytokine is augmented in the sera and/or tissues of patients with contact dermatitis, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. We previously demonstrated that IL-17 is involved in the development of autoimmune arthritis and contact, delayed, and airway hypersensitivity in mice. As the expression of IL-17 is also augmented in multiple sclerosis, we examined the involvement of this cytokine in these diseases using IL-17(-/-) murine disease models. We found that the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the rodent model of multiple sclerosis, was significantly suppressed in IL-17(-/-) mice; these animals exhibited delayed onset, reduced maximum severity scores, ameliorated histological changes, and early recovery. T cell sensitization against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein was reduced in IL-17(-/-) mice upon sensitization. The major producer of IL-17 upon treatment with myelin digodendrocyte glycopritein was CD4+ T cells rather than CD8+ T cells, and adoptive transfer of IL-17(-/-) CD4+ T cells inefficiently induced EAE in recipient mice. Notably, IL-17-producing T cells were increased in IFN-gamma(-/-) cells, while IFN-gamma-producing cells were increased in IL-17(-/-) cells, suggesting that IL-17 and IFN-gamma mutually regulate IFN-gamma and IL-17 production. These observations indicate that IL-17 rather than IFN-gamma plays a crucial role in the development of EAE.
Thymus-dependent membrane antigens in man: Inhibition of cell-mediated lympholysis by monoclonal antibodies to T H 2 antigen (1981)

In prior studies a heteroantiserum to a surface membrane component termed T(H2) was used to define two subsets of human T cells (T(H2) (+) and T(H2) (-)), which were found to express distinct sets of activities in vitro. In the present studies we prepared monoclonal antibodies to surface determinants that are restricted to T cells belonging to each of these two subsets. Two antibodies, termed alphaLeu-2a and alphaLeu-2b, which seem to define the same surface antigen identified by the original T(H2) antiserum, reacted with 57-84% of thymocytes and 22-46% of the erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells (ERF-C) in peripheral blood. Two other monoclonal antibodies, termed alphaLeu-3a and alphaLeu-3b, reacted with the same subpopulation of thymocytes (78-89%) and peripheral blood ERF-C (47-78%) but, unlike alphaLeu-2a and alphaLeu-2b, did not exhibit cross-blocking; i.e., labeling cells with alphaLeu-3a did not inhibit the subsequent binding of alphaLeu-3b. T cells reactive with alphaLeu-2a were shown to be unreactive with alphaLeu-3a, indicating that two separate subpopulations of T cells, Leu-2 (formerly T(H2) (+)) and Leu-3 (T(H2) (-)) T cells, were thereby defined. These two T cell subsets make up the subpopulation of ERF-C (80-95%) previously defined by a monoclonal antibody to a T cell membrane antigen (Leu-1) that has a thymus-dependent distribution on normal lymphocytes but is expressed by some surface-immunoglobulin-positive (sIg(+)) leukemic lymphocytes. None of the Leu antibodies reported here reacted with sIg(+), Leu-1(+) leukemic cells, nor did they react with normal hematopoietic cells or lymphoid cells that had surface markers characteristic of B cells. Studies of the blocking effects of Leu antibodies on killing in cell-mediated lympholysis by effector T cells were carried out in the absence of complement. These experiments established the following points: (i) alphaLeu-2a abolished the killing by cytotoxic T cells of allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blasts, (ii) inhibition of killing by alphaLeu-2b was markedly less than inhibition by alphaLeu-2a, and (iii) other antibodies, including alphaLeu-1, alphaLeu-3a, and alphaLeu-3b, had little or no effect on killing in cell-mediated lympholysis. The relevance of these findings to prior studies done in the mouse and in man are discussed.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in lymphoma and leukemia using a single apheresis (1993)

Myeloablative treatment and peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation are increasingly used for lymphomas and leukemias. We have sought to optimize conditions for priming, collection, and engraftment of the leukapheresis product. Fifty-four consecutive adult patients were eligible, 31 with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of poor prognosis, 12 with Hodgkin's disease in chemosensitive relapse, and 11 with poor prognosis acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Filgrastim was administered after routine chemotherapy with VAPEC-B or HiCCOM to mobilize PBPC. A rapidly increasing white blood cell count was used to predict the time of peak PBPC release and plan leukapheresis. Forty- five patients underwent leukapheresis. A median of 14 L of blood was processed at a single apheresis. A median of 2.4 x 10(8)/kg mononuclear cells (MNCs), 1.04 x 10(6)/kg granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs), and 10.6 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells were obtained. Slightly fewer MNCs were obtained from the heavily pretreated Hodgkin's disease group. There were no other significant differences in the size or composition of the leukapheresis harvest in the three patient groups. Forty patients underwent high-dose therapy and PBPC transplantation. Filgrastim was administered by daily subcutaneous injection until the absolute neutrophil count was &gt; or = 1 x 10(9)/L for 2 consecutive days. Rapid and sustained hematopoietic engraftment occurred in all patients. The median time to achieve a neutrophil count &gt; or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 9 days (range, 8 to 16 days); to achieve a platelet count &gt; or = 20 x 10(9)/L was 10 days (range, 6 to 88 days); and to achieve a platelet count &gt; or = 50 x 10(9)/L was 15.5 days (range, 10 to 100 days). Neutrophil recovery was faster than that of a historical control group treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation and filgrastim, but platelet recovery times were halved in the PBPC group. There was no secondary engraftment failure. Requirements for blood and platelet transfusions, antibiotic use, and parenteral nutrition were similar in the three patient groups. The median number of days in the hospital was 13 (range, 10 to 55) in the PBPC patients, compared with 19 (range, 14 to 51) in the historical controls. Leukapheresis yields (MNC, GM-CFC, and CD34+ cell numbers) were not useful for predicting the times to engraftment. We have shown that sufficient PBPC for transplantation can be obtained at a single leukapheresis after mobilization with routine chemotherapy and filgrastim in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, even those heavily pretreated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biocompatibility of silicon‐based electrode arrays implanted in feline cortical tissue (1993)

The passive biocompatibility of silicon-based electrode arrays was studied in feline cortical tissue. Three types of arrays were used: uncoated, coated with polyimide, and coated with polyimide over an adhesion promoter. Fifteen arrays were implanted for 24 h to determine early tissue reaction to the implantation procedure, and twelve arrays were implanted for 6 months to determine structural and material biocompatibility. Edema and hemorrhage were present around the short-term implants, but involved less than 6% of the total area of the tissue covered by the array. With chronic implants, leukocytes were rarely present and macrophages were found around roughly one-third of the tracks. Remnants of foreign material from the electrodes could be identified in less than 10% of the tracks. Gliosis was found around all tracks, forming an annulus between 20 and 40 microns thick. A capsule was not always present, and never exceeded a thickness of 9 microns. These results suggest that the implantation procedure produces limited amounts of tissue damage, and that the arrays are biocompatible. However, the arrays insulated with polyimide over a primer had significantly greater involvement of macrophages, gliosis, and capsule formation than uncoated arrays and arrays insulated with polyimide without printer, perhaps indicating a reaction to aluminum oxide in the primer.
Cloning and characterization of a potentially protective antigen in lymphatic filariasis. (1988)

To facilitate biochemical studies of protective filarial antigens, a lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed from Brugia malayi adult mRNA and screened with rabbit sera that recognizes a limited set of filarial antigens of approximately 25, 42, 60, and 112 kDa. Antigens of approximately equal to 25 and approximately equal to 60 kDa have been shown previously to induce enhanced clearance of microfilaremia in mice. A 154-base pair clone detected by immunological reactivity was used to isolate by hybridization a nearly full-length cDNA clone of 1.8 kilobases. Nucleotide-sequence analysis indicated that this clone was derived from a mRNA encoding a 63-kDa antigen. A fusion polypeptide containing 37 kDa of the Escherichia coli TrpE protein (anthranilate synthase) and 55 kDa of the cloned protein was recognized in immunoblot experiments with antisera raised against a partially purified preparation of the approximately equal to 60-kDa protective filarial antigen. These data relate the cloned antigen to a potentially protective antigen in lymphatic filariasis.
[Expression of alpha-defensin-1 with J chain in the transfected COS-7 cells]. (2006)

The new germicidal peptide J-HNP-1 is found to be expressed intracellularly and could be secreted. The results lay the foundation for further study on the germicidal activity of J-HNP-1.
Surface Polymerization from Planar Surfaces by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Polyelectrolytic Macroinitiators (2007)

The one-pot synthesis of a new anionic polyelectrolytic macroinitiator based on esterification of a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) precursor is described. Electrostatic adsorption of this macroinitiator onto an aminated (cationic) planar substrate is monitored by dual polarization interferometry. Controlled surface-initiated polymerization of five hydrophilic methacrylic monomers from this macroinitiator adsorbed onto aminated silicon wafer surfaces is achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in protic media. The thickness, uniformity, and hydrophilicity of the resulting polymer brushes are characterized by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and contact angle studies, and the hydrophilic surface polymerization kinetics is modeled. Microcontact printing is used to produce patterned surfaces with micrometer-sized features. In summary, polyelectrolytic macroinitiators allow the facile synthesis of well-defined polymer brushes on commercially relevant metal oxide surfaces.
Fixation of CO2 by Electrocatalytic Reduction and Electropolymerization in Ionic Liquid–H2O Solution (2008)

The electrocatalytic synthesis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) from carbon dioxide on a nanostructured (ns)TiO2 film electrode was investigated by controlled potential electrolysis in a solvent mixture of water and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMI]BF4) at room temperature under ambient pressure. Under these conditions, the nsTiO2 film is remarkably efficient and selective for the electroreduction of CO2. The current efficiency for the formation of the electrolytic product is about 8-14% at -1.50 V (vs SCE). The electrocatalytic activity of the electrode in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and the probable electrode reaction mechanism is discussed.
Synthesis of substituted 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. 1,3-Anhydro-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- and 1,3-anhydro-2,4,6-tri-O-(p-bromobenzyl)-.beta.-D-mannopyranose (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of substituted 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. 1,3-Anhydro-2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- and 1,3-anhydro-2,4,6-tri-O-(p-bromobenzyl)-.beta.-D-mannopyranoseAnjani J. Varma and Conrad SchuerchCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 4, 799–803Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00317a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00317a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dissection of the human CD2 intracellular domain. Identification of a segment required for signal transduction and interleukin 2 production. (1989)

To evaluate those residues in the 117 amino acids of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain required for transduction of T lymphocyte activation signals, a full-length human CD2 cDNA and a series of deletion and substitution mutants were inserted into the ovalbumin-specific, I-Ad-restricted murine T cell hybridoma 3DO54.8 using a retroviral system. The resulting cells express surface CD2 protein and unlike the parental murine line, are reactive with murine anti-human CD2 antibodies. Anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3) antibody stimulation of cells expressing a full-length CD2 cDNA results in a characteristic rise in cytosolic-free calcium [( Ca2+]i), and subsequent IL-2 secretion that accompany CD2 stimulation in human T lymphocytes. Transfectants expressing CD2 delta C98 and CD2 delta C77, partially deleted CD2 molecules containing the entire extracellular and transmembrane CD2 segments but only 98 and 77 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain, respectively, are also activated by anti-CD2 mAbs. In contrast, clones expressing more severely truncated CD2 structures, CD2 delta C43 and CD2 delta C18, are not stimulated. These data show that the cytoplasmic domain plays an essential role in transduction of activation signals via CD2, and that the segment between amino acid residues 253 and 278 is necessary for activation. This region contains two tandem repeats of the sequence PPPGHR, thought to form part of a putative cationic site. Disruption of the latter by site-directed mutagenesis does not affect IL-2 gene induction, suggesting that only one of the repeats is required for activating this function of the CD2 molecule.
Nanoscale Growth Factor Patterns by Immobilization on a Heparin-Mimicking Polymer (2008)

In this study, electrostatic interactions between sulfonate groups of an immobilized polymer and the heparin binding domains of growth factors important in cell signaling were exploited to nanopattern the proteins. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (pSS-co-pPEGMA) was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using ethyl S-thiobenzoyl-2-thiopropionate as a chain transfer agent and 2,2'-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The resulting polymer (1) was characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, FT-IR, and UV-vis and had a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 24,000 and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.17. The dithioester end group of 1 was reduced to the thiol, and the polymer was subsequently immobilized on a gold substrate. Binding of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to the polymer via the heparin binding domains was then confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The interactions were stable at physiological salt concentrations. Polymer 1 was cross-linked onto silicon wafers using an electron beam writer forming micro- and nanopatterns. Resolutions of 100 nm and arbitrary nanoscale features such as concentric circles and contiguous squares and triangles were achieved. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that bFGF and VEGF were subsequently immobilized to the polymer micro- and nanopatterns.
Tannins as Antifeedants to Mammalian Herbivores—Still an Open Question? (1987)

Tannins have have been widely considered to reduce the digestibility and thus nutritional value of plant material to herbivores. Evidence from in vivo studies exploring the potential allelochemical effects of tannins is reviewed together with information regarding the probable mechanisms leading to observed effects. It is concluded that whilst tannins do act as anti-feedants, there is little evidence to support the hypothesis that the underlying cause of this is digestibility reduction. An attempt to resolve the evident contradiction between these findings and the view based on in vitro models of digestion, which anticipate the in vivo precipitation of proteins by tannins, is made. The tannin-protein interaction at the molecular level is reassessed in the light of recent work concerning bile surfactants, soluble tannin-protein complexes, and the specificities of tannin-protein interactions. New standards are proposed for the satisfactory in vitro modelling of digestion in the presence of tannins.
Tropical Islands as New Hubs for Emerging Arboviruses (2016)

South America are genetically divergent and diverse (6,8). We hypothesize that the European population is poorly adapted to South American strains and therefore more susceptible to OT. If this hypothesis is true, Native Americans who had a long history of exposure to atypical strains from South America should be more resistant to OT. This hypothesis is reinforced by a recent survey conducted among Mby-Guarani Indians, who had a serologic prevalence of toxoplasmosis 70%, but only 3.5% of them had toxoplasmic retinochoroidal lesions (M. Rudzinski, unpub. data).
The Development of Beta-cell Mass: Recent Progress and Potential Role of GLP-1 (2004)

Over the last decade, remarkable strides in incretin hormone biology have laid the foundation for our more recent appreciation that GLP-1 not only regulates mature beta-cell function but also critically regulates beta-cell differentiation, beta-cell proliferation and beta-cell survival. Dysregulated beta-cell growth and function are central to the pathophysiology of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, GLP-1 receptor agonists are being intensively developed for the treatment of human diabetes and are likely to become available to clinical use in the near future. A general overview of beta-cell development will be provided, with particular emphasis on recent contributions to our understanding of pancreas and islet development during the embryonic, fetal and neonatal periods. The transcriptional hierarchy and extracellular signals governing events during these periods will be highlighted. Evidence suggesting a role for endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor during beta-cell development will be reviewed. Finally, the therapeutic potential for intervention with GLP1 receptor agonists during the neonatal period will be discussed.
Full-field swept-source phase microscopy (2006)

We present a full-field phase microscopy technique for quantitative nanoscale surface profiling of samples in reflection. This technique utilizes swept-source optical coherence tomography in a full-field common path interferometer for phase-stable cross-sectional acquisition without scanning. Subwavelength variations in surface sample features are measured without interference from spurious reflections by processing the interferometric phase at a selected depth plane, providing a 1.3 nm stability for high signal-to-noise ratio surface features. Nanoscale imaging was demonstrated by measuring the location of receptor sites on a DNA assay biochip and the surface topography of erythrocytes in a blood smear.
Guidelines for the collection, processing and storage of human bone marrow and peripheral stem cells for transplantation (1994)

SUMMARY. There are no current U.K. or international guidelines or regulations covering the production, processing and storage of haemopoietic cells such as to allow their engraftment following myeloablative therapy. This paper seeks to provide such guidelines. It enumerates how quality control and assurance can be applied to this area of transfusion medicine; procedural steps relating to bone marrow harvest on peripheral blood stem cell collection are outlined and recommended doses of nucleated cells suggested for both procedures. General specifications for identification, storage and transportation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells are included and specific laboratory procedures related to the provision of haemopoietic cells for engraftment are outlined. Umbilical cord blood transplants and long‐term bone marrow culture are alluded to but these are still in a research phase.
Context of MUC1 epitope: Immunogenicity (2007)

MUC1 is a glycoprotein found at the secretory poles of normal cells but is hypoglycosylated on the entire surface of cell membranes of adenocarcinomas. In order to determine the influence on the immune response of peptide context for epitope presentation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with adenocarcinomas, were stimulated with MUC1 peptides derived from the 20 amino acids (aa) long sequence that is characteristic of the MUC1 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR). In the seven peptides tested, the T-cell tumor-specific epitope (cTSE) was surrounded by variable numbers of aa and repeated up to 5 times in the same peptide. The results of this study indicate that cultures stimulated with peptide 610 (GSTAPPAHGVTS APDTRPAP) showed the highest specific killing of the MUC1-expressing breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Peptide 610 is also superior to the other peptides in inducing better production of the type 1 cytokines, tissue necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. In conclusion, context of the epitope and not sequence alone determines immunogenicity.
Long-Timescale Dynamics and Regulation of Sec-Facilitated Protein Translocation (2012)

We present a coarse-grained modeling approach that spans the nanosecond- to minute-timescale dynamics of cotranslational protein translocation. The method enables direct simulation of both integral membrane protein topogenesis and transmembrane domain (TM) stop-transfer efficiency. Simulations reveal multiple kinetic pathways for protein integration, including a mechanism in which the nascent protein undergoes slow-timescale reorientation, or flipping, in the confined environment of the translocon channel. Competition among these pathways gives rise to the experimentally observed dependence of protein topology on ribosomal translation rate and protein length. We further demonstrate that sigmoidal dependence of stop-transfer efficiency on TM hydrophobicity arises from local equilibration of the TM across the translocon lateral gate, and it is predicted that slowing ribosomal translation yields decreased stop-transfer efficiency in long proteins. This work reveals the balance between equilibrium and nonequilibrium processes in protein targeting, and it provides insight into the molecular regulation of the Sec translocon.