gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro comparison of thulium‐holmium‐chromium:YAG and argon ion lasers for welding of biliary tissue (1989)

Laser welding offers several potential advantages over suture closure, including improved healing, lack of a nidus for stone formation, and greater speed and ease. We examined in vitro gallbladder cystic duct welds created by two different systems, the thulmium-holmium-chromium (THC):YAG (2,150 nm) and argon ion (488-514 nm) lasers, in an effort to define suitable parameters for tissue fusion. Mean bursting pressures for argon welds were 95 mm Hg at 1.5 W CW and 26 mm Hg at 1.5 W, 50 msec chopped delivery. For the THC:YAG laser, the mean bursting pressure for welds created with 300 mJ pulses was 45 mm Hg. Full-thickness tissue fusion and limited collateral thermal damage were observed histologically for both the CW argon and pulsed THC:YAG welds. Examination of the suggested mechanisms of tissue fusion for these photothermal lasers suggests that increased duration of tissue heating at the appropriate temperature results in more extensive collagen crosslinking and a stronger weld.
Regulatory T Cells Recruited through CCL22/CCR4 Are Selectively Activated in Lymphoid Infiltrates Surrounding Primary Breast Tumors and Lead to an Adverse Clinical Outcome (2009)

Immunohistochemical analysis of FOXP3 in primary breast tumors showed that a high number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Ti-Treg) within lymphoid infiltrates surrounding the tumor was predictive of relapse and death, in contrast to those present within the tumor bed. Ex vivo analysis showed that these tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) T cells are typical Treg based on their CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low)FOXP3(+) phenotype, their anergic state on in vitro stimulation, and their suppressive functions. These Ti-Treg could be selectively recruited through CCR4 as illustrated by (a) selective blood Treg CCR4 expression and migration to CCR4 ligands, (b) CCR4 down-regulation on Ti-Treg, and (c) correlation between Ti-Treg in lymphoid infiltrates and intratumoral CCL22 expression. Importantly, in contrast to other T cells, Ti-Treg are selectively activated locally and proliferate in situ, showing T-cell receptor engagement and suggesting specific recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Immunohistochemical stainings for ICOS, Ki67, and DC-LAMP show that Ti-Treg were close to mature DC-LAMP(+) dendritic cells (DC) in lymphoid infiltrates but not in tumor bed and were activated and proliferating. Furthermore, proximity between Ti-Treg, CD3(+), and CD8(+) T cells was documented within lymphoid infiltrates. Altogether, these results show that Treg are selectively recruited within lymphoid infiltrates and activated by mature DC likely through TAA presentation, resulting in the prevention of effector T-cell activation, immune escape, and ultimately tumor progression. This study sheds new light on Treg physiology and validates CCR4/CCL22 and ICOS as therapeutic targets in breast tumors, which represent a major health problem.
Video and Audio Coding for Mobile Applications (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Video Audio Audio and Video Decode on a DSP
Component-based software development (1999)

The progressive shortening of software development cycles has led software vendors to seek new ways of delivering their product to the customer. When a software product is updated every two or three months, delivering the product only on CD is not a viable alternative. For projects such as IBM VisualAge® for Java™, where a component-based strategy has been chosen for delivering software function, an equivalent strategy must be devised for delivering product documentation. This paper describes the approach we adopted to componentize the VisualAge for Java help system, and describes the technical challenges the approach posed to IBM writers, and the solutions chosen.
Anti-alpha interferon immunization: safety and immunogenicity in asymptomatic HIV positive patients at high risk of disease progression. (1995)

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was designed to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of an anti-cytokine vaccine in high risk HIV-positive patients. This strategy was aimed to modulate the impaired cytokine regulation in AIDS. Twelve asymptomatic patients on antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year and with CD4 cell counts between 100-300/mm3 were randomized to receive adjuvanted formol-inactivated interferon alpha-2a (IFN alpha) and continue the current antiretroviral treatment, whatever it was, or to receive the adjuvant alone and the current antiretroviral treatment. All patients received 4 i.m. injections monthly, followed by booster injections every 3 months. Clinical status, immunology and virology were monitored. Immune response to vaccination was evaluated in term of antibody detection (ELISA) and serum anti-IFN alpha neutralizing capacity. Only local discomfort and transient fever were reported. All vaccines except one showed increased levels of anti-IFN alpha Abs and developed serum IFN alpha neutralizing capacity. Viral load did not increase in vaccinees while it remained unchanged or even increased in placebo-treated patients. None of them showed HIV-related symptoms and all had their CD4 cell counts stabilized over 18 months, whereas 2 placebo-treated patients developed full-blow AIDS. In conclusion, anti-IFN alpha vaccine was safe and immunogenic. Stable clinical and immunological status over 18 months was observed in vaccinees coupled to increased serum IFN alpha neutralizing capacity.
Assessment of students. (1993)

Assessment can use the written word, the spoken word or practical activity. Often the learner has little idea of the purpose of the assessment or the expectations. Here I present a brief outline for designing assessments and balancing assessment techniques in relation to the purposes and content of the learning experience.
Antiviral activity of the neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 2G12 in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected humans (2002)

Analysis of disease progression markers indicate that antibody therapy may have antiviral effects. These findings suggest that neutralizing antibodies should be further evaluated as an alternative therapeutic approach in HIV-1 disease.
Mode of formation and structural features of DNA-cationic liposome complexes used for transfection (1993)

Complexes formed between cationic liposomes and nucleic acids represent a highly efficient vehicle for delivery of DNA and RNA molecules into a large variety of eukaryotic cells. By using fluorescence, gel electrophoresis, and metal-shadowing electron microscopy techniques, the factors that affect the, yet unclear, interactions between DNA and cationic liposomes as well as the structural features of the resulting complexes have been elucidated. A model is suggested according to which cationic liposomes bind initially to DNA molecules to form clusters of aggregated vesicles along the nucleic acids. At a critical liposome density, two processes occur, namely, DNA-induced membrane fusion, indicated by lipid mixing studies, and liposome-induced DNA collapse, pointed out by the marked cooperativity of the encapsulation processes, by their modulations by DNA-condensing agents, and also by their conspicuous independence upon DNA length. The DNA collapse leads to the formation of condensed structures which can be completely encapsulated within the fused lipid bilayers in a fast, highly cooperative process since their exposed surface is substantially smaller than that of extended DNA molecules. The formation of the transfecting DNA-liposome complexes in which the nucleic acids are fully encapsulated within a positively-charged lipid bilayer is proposed, consequently, to be dominated by mutual effects exerted by the DNA and the cationic liposomes, leading to interrelated lipid fusion and DNA collapse.
The effects of drug therapy on radiographic progression of rheumatoid arthritis. results of a 36‐week randomized trial comparing methotrexate and auranofin (1993)

The rate of radiographic progression in patients with RA, as measured by erosion score and joint space narrowing score, was demonstrated to be lower in those treated with MTX, as compared with AUR, over a 36-week period.
Activity-based probes for proteomic profiling of histone deacetylase complexes (2007)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulators of gene expression that require assembly into larger protein complexes for activity. Efforts to understand how associated proteins modulate the function of HDACs would benefit from new technologies that evaluate HDAC activity in native biological systems. Here, we describe an active site-directed chemical probe for profiling HDACs in native proteomes and live cells. This probe, designated SAHA-BPyne, contains structural elements of the general HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), as well as benzophenone and alkyne moieties to effect covalent modification and enrichment of HDACs, respectively. Both class I and II HDACs were identified as specific targets of SAHA-BPyne in proteomes. Interestingly, multiple HDAC-associated proteins were also enriched by SAHA-BPyne, even after denaturation of probe-labeled proteomes. These data indicate that certain HDAC-associated proteins are directly modified by SAHA-BPyne, placing them in close proximity to HDAC active sites where they would be primed to regulate substrate recognition and activity. We further show that SAHA-BPyne can be used to measure differences in HDAC content and complex assembly in human disease models. This chemical proteomics probe should thus prove valuable for profiling both the activity state of HDACs and the binding proteins that regulate their function.
Studies on the human T cell receptor α/β variable region genes. II. Identification of four additional Vβ subfamilies (1991)

The human T cell receptor (TcR) beta chain gene segment diversity has been studied using the anchored-polymerase chain reaction. Three hundred and fifty C beta-specific transcripts derived from peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Transcripts including V-D beta 1-J beta 2-C2 sequences were found with a high frequency (greater than 10%), suggesting that "illegitimate" joinings may constitute a cis-complementing rearrangement mechanism capable of substantially increasing the TcR beta chain combinatorial diversity. Twelve previously undescribed V beta gene segments have been identified. Five of them delineate four novel V beta subfamilies (V beta w21: two members, V beta w22, 23, 24: one member) which all have a murine homologue. The additional seven gene segments belong to the V beta 5, V beta 6, V beta 12 and V beta 13 subfamilies. In addition, the sequences of two known V beta 7 and V beta 9 gene segments have been extended. Together, the present data support the view that the contribution of the beta chain combinatorial diversity to the TcR alpha/beta variability has not yet been fully appreciated.
The influence of pluronics and their conjugates with proteins on the rate of oxygen consumption by liver mitochondria and thymus lymphocytes. (1993)

The membranotropic properties of block co-polymers and their protein conjugates were studied by their effect on the rate of oxygen consumption by isolated liver mitochondria and on thymus-derived lymphocytes. The block co-polymers consisted of poly(ethylene oxide) (PoE) [poly(ethylene glycol)] and poly(propylene oxide) (PoP) to give either PoE-PoP or PoE-PoP-PoE. Both types inhibited uncoupled respiration of liver mitochondria in a medium containing glutamate and malate and also of lymphocytes. They also uncoupled respiration in the presence of succinate in K(+)-containing medium and of lymphocytes. A method is described for linking protein to the block polymers to form conjugates. Such conjugates were formed from alpha-chymotrypsin, BSA and cytochrome c, all of which produced similar effects on the respiration of the isolated mitochondria and lymphocytes. The data suggest that both the block co-polymers and their protein conjugates inhibit the NADH dehydrogenase complex and induce a K(+)-conductivity of the mitochondrial inner membrane; the surface activity of the conjugates allows them to pass through the plasma membrane and interact with the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Coherent trapping of atomic populations (1978)

It is often desirable in laser spectroscopy and isotope separation to extract as much as possible of an atomic or molecular population that is distributed among a number of ground-state sublevels and low-lying metastable levels. We describe a form of coherent trapping that occurs when multiple resonant laser beams are used to couple the various ground states to a common upper level. This effect prevents the extraction of the entire population. We then study the effect with two dye lasers and an atomic beam and suggest possible ways to maximize the pumping efficiency.
Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia in Adults: Incidence and Treatment (1999)

Anemia is a common complication of myelosuppressive chemotherapy that results in a decreased functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients. Severe anemia is treated with red blood cell transfusions, but mild-to-moderate anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy has traditionally been managed conservatively on the basis of the perception that it was clinically unimportant. This practice has been reflected in the relative inattention to standardized and complete reporting of all degrees of chemotherapy-induced anemia. We undertook a comprehensive review of published chemotherapy trials of the most common single agents and combination chemotherapy regimens, including the new generation of chemotherapeutic agents, used in the treatment of the major nonmyeloid malignancies in adults to characterize and to document the incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced anemia. Despite identified limitations in the grading and reporting of treatment-related anemia, the results confirm a relatively high incidence of mild-to-moderate anemia. Recent advances in assessing the relationships of anemia, fatigue, and QOL in cancer patients are providing new insights into these closely related factors. Clinical data are emerging that suggest that mild-to-moderate chemotherapy-induced anemia results in a perceptible reduction in a patient's energy level and QOL. Future research may lead to new classifications of chemotherapy-induced anemia that can guide therapeutic interventions on the basis of outcomes and hemoglobin levels. Perceptions by oncologists and patients that lesser degrees of anemia must be endured without treatment may be overcome as greater emphasis is placed on the QOL of the oncology patient and as research provides further insights into the relationships between hemoglobin levels, patient well-being, and symptoms.
High quality factor graphene varactors for wireless sensing applications (2011)

A graphene wireless sensor concept is described. By utilizing thin gate dielectrics, the capacitance in a metal-insulator-graphene structure varies with charge concentration through the quantum capacitance effect. Simulations using realistic structural and transport parameters predict quality factors, Q, &amp;gt;60 at 1 GHz. When placed in series with an ideal inductor, a resonant frequency tuning ratio of 25% (54%) is predicted for sense charge densities ranging from 0.32 to 1.6 μC/cm2 at an equivalent oxide thickness of 2.0 nm (0.5 nm). The resonant frequency has a temperature sensitivity, df/dT, less than 0.025%/K for sense charge densities &amp;gt;0.32 μC/cm2.
Novel Scheme for Object-based Embedded Image Coding (2012)

Conventional EBCOT algorithm encodes an image with the same block-based coding strategy and it is difficult to acquire perceptually consistent results in practical applications. This paper presents a new scheme for object-based embedded coding aiming to enhance the flexibility and the coding efficiency. In our scheme, an original image is firstly segmented into objects, which are taken as basic coding units and are encoded independently. Then the compressed streams of all objects are further truncated and reassembled based on rate-distortion optimization principle according to given bit-rate. In our scheme, each object can be encoded independently with different strategy according to its visual interest at the encoder. At the decoder, it can be decoded and reconstructed independently and progressively. As a whole, the new scheme is more flexible and may enhance the overall subjective quality of reconstructed images. Experiments are conducted and the results show the proposed scheme can implement object-based image coding and rate control effectively.
Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Halogen-Terminated Si(111) (Si−X, X = Cl, Br) Surfaces for the Preparation of Well-Defined Polymer−Si Hybrids (2005)

The halogen-terminated Si(111) (Si-X, X = Cl, Br) surfaces contain effective initiators for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Well-defined polymer-Si hybrids, consisting of covalently tethered (Si-C bonded) functional polymer brushes, can be prepared directly from the Si-X surfaces.
DNA heterogeneity and phosphorylation unveiled by single-molecule electrophoresis (2004)

Broad-spectrum analysis of DNA and RNA samples is of increasing importance in the growing field of biotechnology. We show that nanopore measurements may be used to assess the purity, phosphorylation state, and chemical integrity of nucleic acid preparations. In contrast with gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, an unprecedented dynamic range of DNA sizes and concentrations can be evaluated in a single data acquisition process that spans minutes. Because the molecule information is quantized and digitally recorded with single-molecule resolution, the sensitivity of the system can be adjusted in real time to detect trace amounts of a particular DNA species.
Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (1992)

Possible cardioprotective effects are one of the most intriguing aspects of the expanding spectrum of clinical indications for the use of converting-enzyme inhibitors. Among them, the prevention of postinfarction ventricular remodeling--a deleterious process leading to eccentric cardiac hypertrophy and, eventually, to congestive heart failure--has attracted particular interest and attention. This communication examines the possible role of the endogenous cardiac renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of ventricular remodeling. Although much of the evidence is indirect, there are several lines of investigation that strongly support the causative participation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system in ventricular remodeling.
„Geistige Orientierung“ der Bertelsmann-Stiftung (2001)

It will be presented the German Bertelsmann-Foundation which belongs to one of the world-wide biggest media companies. The enterprise-foundation exerts an important influence on several social reform movements in Germany. Doing this, the Bertelsmann-Foundation succeeds in integrating associations, parties and personalities representing nearly the entire range of society. This raises the question, weather the foundation is a political neutral institution as it claims to be. By having a critical look at the foundation-project „intellectual orientation“ the social character of production of ideas by the Bertelsmann-Foundation will be demonstrated. It can be shown, the role of the Bertelsmann-Foundation is that of a mediator, transforming different interests into a new kind of social corporatism.
Genes encoding two lipoproteins in the leuS-dacA region of the Escherichia coli chromosome (1987)

The coding of two rare lipoproteins by two genes, rlpA and rlpB, located in the leuS-dacA region (15 min) on the Escherichia coli chromosome was demonstrated by expression of subcloned genes in a maxicell system. The formation of these two proteins was inhibited by globomycin, which is an inhibitor of the signal peptidase for the known lipoproteins of E. coli. In each case, this inhibition was accompanied by formation of a new protein, which showed a slightly lower mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and which we suppose to be a prolipoprotein with an N-terminal signal peptide sequence similar to those of the bacterial major lipoproteins and lysis proteins of some bacteriocins. The incorporation of 3H-labeled palmitate and glycerol into the two lipoproteins was also observed. Sequencing of DNA showed that the two lipoprotein genes contained sequences that could code for signal peptide sequences of 17 amino acids (rlpA lipoprotein) and 18 amino acids (rlpB lipoprotein). The deduced sequences of the mature peptides consisted of 345 amino acids (Mr 35,614, rlpA lipoprotein) and 175 amino acids (Mr 19,445, rlpB lipoprotein), with an N-terminal cysteine to which thioglyceride and N-fatty acyl residues may be attached. These two lipoproteins may be important in duplication of the cells.
Regulatory Cells and Infectious Agents: Detentes Cordiale and Contraire (2004)

This brief review describes the types of interactions that occur between CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) and microbial pathogens. These interactions range from one of mutual benefit (détente cordiale) such as occurs in Leishmania major infection of resistant mouse strains, to instances where the Treg response appears to mainly favor the pathogen and be detrimental to the host (détente contraire). Examples of the latter include chronic persistent infections with retroviruses, perhaps including HIV, and hepatitis C virus. The Treg response also hampers the effectiveness of immunity against some acute virus infections such as HSV. Evidence is also discussed showing that Treg can play a benevolent role to limit the severity of bystander tissue damage in circumstances where the immune response to pathogens is immunopathological. Finally, emerging approaches are discussed that either blunt or activate Treg and that could be used practically to manage host-pathogen interaction.
A Coordinated Voltage and Frequency Control of Inverter Based Distributed Generation and Distributed Energy Storage System for Autonomous Microgrids (2013)

Abstract Distributed generation and distributed energy storage systems can be controlled to improve power system stability. This article proposes control strategies for adopting distributed generation units to autonomous microgrids. The proposed distributed generation interface is utilized not only to control the active power flow, but also to provide essential ancillary services, such as voltage regulation and frequency control, to the autonomous microgrid. A coordinated voltage and frequency control of the inverter-based distributed generation and distributed energy storage system is presented. Moreover, a frequency estimation algorithm based on orthogonal filters is adopted for the frequency control loop. One advantage of the proposed control system is its unified structure for the different operating modes. Extensive simulations of the proposed coordinated control of the inverter-based distributed generation and distributed energy storage system are conducted to evaluate the dynamic performance of the proposed microgrid.
Association of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 E6 Proteins with p53 (1990)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a DNA tumor virus that is associated with human anogenital cancers and encodes two transforming proteins, E6 and E7. The E7 protein has been shown to bind to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, pRB. This study shows that the E6 protein of HPV-16 is capable of binding to the cellular p53 protein. The ability of the E6 proteins from different human papillomaviruses to form complexes with p53 was assayed and found to correlate with the in vivo clinical behavior and the in vitro transforming activity of these different papillomaviruses. The wild-type p53 protein has tumor suppressor properties and has also been found in association with large T antigen and the E1B 55-kilodalton protein in cells transformed by SV40 and by adenovirus type 5, respectively, providing further evidence that the human papillomaviruses, the adenoviruses, and SV40 may effect similar cellular pathways in transformation.