gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anchoring a secreted plasmodium antigen on the surface of recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells increases its immunogenicity. (1986)

We show that the subcellular location of foreign antigens expressed in recombinant vaccinia viruses influences their effectiveness as immunogens. Live recombinant viruses induced very poor antibody responses to a secreted repetitive plasmodial antigen (the S-antigen) in rabbits and mice. The poor response accords with epidemiological data suggesting that S-antigens are poorly immunogenic. Appending the transmembrane domain of a membrane immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G1) to its carboxy terminus produced a hybrid S-antigen that was no longer secreted but was located on the surface of virus-infected cells. This recombinant virus elicited high antibody titers to the S-antigen. This approach will facilitate the use of live virus delivery systems to immunize against a wide range of foreign nonsurface antigens.
EXPRESSION OF THE TYPE 1 TYROSINE KINASE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS EGF RECEPTOR, c-erbB2 AND c-erbB3 IN BLADDER CANCER (1996)

Expression of the c-erbB3 protein was determined in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by immunohistochemistry. Strong membrane staining was observed in 10 per cent of cases (7/70) and cytoplasmic and membrane overexpression in 20 per cent (14/70). Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (36 per cent, 25/70) and c-erbB2 proteins (9 per cent 6/70) was determined in the same series of cases. c-erbB3 overexpression was positively correlated with EGF receptor expression (P < 0.025) but appeared to be inversely associated with c-erbB2 overexpression.
Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate for the Treatment of Chronic Migraine: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2007)

Topiramate treatment at daily doses of approximately 100 mg resulted in statistically significant improvements compared with placebo in mean monthly migraine/migrainous and migraine headache days. Topiramate is safe and generally well tolerated in this group of subjects with chronic migraine, a burdensome condition with important unmet treatment needs. Safety and tolerability of topiramate were consistent with experience in previous clinical trials involving the drug.
Splicing mutations of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene induced by intronic deletion (1995)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease which frequently results in renal failure. The major ADPKD gene, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1), has recently been identified. In an attempt to understand better the aetiology of this disorder we have searched for mutations in the PKD1 gene. Analysis of three regions in the 3' part of the gene has revealed two mutations that occur by a novel mechanism. Both mutations are deletions (of 18 or 20 bp) within the same 75 bp intron and although these deletions do not disrupt the splice donor or acceptor sites at the boundary of the intron, they nevertheless result in aberrant splicing. Two different transcripts are produced in each case; one includes the deleted intron while the other has a 66 bp deletion due to activation of a cryptic 5' splice site. No normal product is generated from the deleted gene. Aberrant splicing probably occurs because the deleted intron is too small for spliceosome assembly using the authentic splice sites; this mechanism has previously only been described from in vitro studies of vertebrate genes. A 9 bp direct repeat has been identified within the intron, which probably facilitated deletion by promoting misalignment of sequence. The possible phenotypic implications of producing more than one aberrant PKD1 transcript in these cases are discussed.
Stereochemistry of the iodocarbonatation of cis- and trans-3-methyl-4-pentene-1,2-diols: the unusual formation of several anti iodo carbonates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the iodocarbonatation of cis- and trans-3-methyl-4-pentene-1,2-diols: the unusual formation of several anti iodo carbonatesRaymond Tirado and Jose A. PrietoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 21, 5666–5673Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00073a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
CD55 is over-expressed in the tumour environment (2001)

CD55 is a protein that protects cells from complement-mediated attack. 791Tgp72 is an antigen which has been used successfully as a target for both tumour imaging and cancer vaccines. 791Tgp72 has recently been identified as CD55. Quantitative expression of CD55 in the tumour environment was therefore studied. Tumour cells showed a 4-100-fold increase in CD55 cell surface expression when compared to normal cells. Immunohistochemical staining of colorectal tumours also revealed high expression of CD55 in the stroma. To examine the source of this stromal CD55 the ability of both epithelial cells and endothelial cells to produce extracellular CD55 was measured. Tumour cell lines deposit CD55 into their extracellular matrix (ECM) in direct proportion to their cell surface expression. In contrast the ECM from HUVEC cells contained large amounts of CD55 despite expressing low levels of CD55 on their cell surface. Furthermore expression of CD55 on HUVEC cells was increased by exposure to VEGF. Although it remains unclear why CD55 is upregulated in the tumour environment its high level of expression on tumour cells and associated endothelium may explain why it is a good target for both imaging and immunotherapy.
Thalidomide Neurotoxicity (1984)

Of six patients treated with thalidomide for either prurigo nodularis or discoid lupus erythematosus, four had paresthesias in the hands and feet and one also complained of muscular pain and stiffness. Clinical neurological findings in all four patients were normal. Subsequent electrophysiological examination disclosed a peripheral neuropathy in five of the six patients; two had electrophysiological signs of a polyneuropathy and three of a carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms and abnormal electrophysiological findings were still present in one patient one year after the discontinuation of thalidomide therapy. Since reports on thalidomide neurotoxicity have shown that the neurological symptoms are long standing and possibly irreversible, it is obviously important to inform patients of this possible side effect and to evaluate them closely for the symptoms and electrophysiological signs of evolving neurological changes.
pH Homeostasis of Cellular Organelles (2002)

An optimal pH is maintained in each secretory and endocytic organelle by the balance between active H(+) pumping and passive H(+) efflux. The progressive acidification of secretory organelles does not reflect an increased proton pumping activity but rather the decreased conduction of a "proton leak" pathway resembling the recently cloned voltage-gated proton channels.
Development of implantable antitumor devices based on polyphosphazenes (1988)

Abstract Polyphosphazenes containing amino acid ester substituents are of considerable interest as bioerodible matrix systems for controlled release of drugs. In order to develop locally acting antitumor devices, a model anticancer agent, melphalan, was physically incorporated in three different polyphosphazene polymers. For studying the release rate of melphalan from the three polymers and the extent of degradation of melphalan during this sustained release process, a flow through‐system was used. This system is characterized by low flow rates, in order to approximate the in vivo implantation situation. Eluents were used, with pH 7.0 and 5.0, showing a melphalan degradation half time (respectively 2.0 and 1.9 hours) comparable with those observed in vitro in human plasma. Polymer 1 (poly[bis(glycine ethyl ester)phosphazene]) released after one week 35% and 42% unhydrolyzed melphalan, at pH 7.0 and pH 5.0 respectively, in a gradual manner. Considerable lower release rates were observed using polymers 2 and 3. Polymer 2 (50% substituted with glutamic acid diethyl ester, 50% with glycine ethyl ester) showed release percentages of 10 and 14%, polymer 3 (50% substituted with phenylalanine ethyl ester, 50% with glycine ethyl ester) 12 and 14% after one week at pH 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. Melphalan concentrations were measured by applying a High Pressure Liquid Chromatography method with fluorescence detection. By this method also the two degradation products mono‐ and dihydroxy‐melphalan could be measured. Considering the release profiles of these degradation products, the conclusion may be drawn that either melphalan is stabilized in the three polymers, or that melphalan is less exposed to the aqueous environment than is the case when used as a solution. These results justify expectations that it should be possible to develop locally acting tumor devices, being able to release an unstable anticancer agent in a gradual manner for several weeks or months and resulting in locally effective drug concentrations during this period.
A new role for vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factors: increasing endothelial resistance to oxidative stress (1997)

Intracellular oxidative stress was measured in cultured human umbilical vein or bovine aortic endothelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide using an oxidation-sensitive vital dye, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, and flow cytometry. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) caused both a 5-10-fold increase in resistance to hydrogen peroxide induced fluorescence and an increase in intracellular reduced glutathione concentration. Increased resistance to oxidative stress mediated by growth factors is likely to be biologically relevant, and may open new avenues for therapeutic protection against oxidative stress.
3-Gb/s data transmission with GaAs VCSELs over PCB integrated polymer waveguides (2001)

GaAs quantum-well (QW)-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) at 855-nm emission wavelength are investigated for intraboard polymer waveguide links. We report a 3-Gb/s pseudorandom bit sequence (PRES) nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data transmission over about 5-cm long printed circuit board (PCB) integrated multinode polymer waveguide arrays of two different geometries at bit-error rates (BERs) of less than 10/sup -11/.
Binding of Type 1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor to the Extracellular Matrix of Cultured Bovine Endothelial Cells (1989)

The binding of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was investigated using purified 125I-labeled or L-[35S]methionine-labeled PAI-1 as probes. Little specific binding of latent PAI-1 to ECM previously depleted of endogenous PAI-1 could be demonstrated. In contrast, the guanidine-activated form of PAI-1 bound to ECM in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and binding was saturable. The dissociation constant (Kd) for this interaction was estimated to be 60 nM by Scatchard analysis, and approximately 6 pmol of activated PAI-1 was bound per cm2 of ECM. Binding was relatively specific since unlabeled, activated PAI-1 competed with 35S-labeled PAI-1 for binding to ECM, but latent PAI-1 did not. Moreover, PAI-2, protein C inhibitor (i.e. PAI-3), protease nexin-1, and alpha 2-antiplasmin were not able to compete. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) also inhibited binding, but diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inactivated tPA did not. Pretreatment of ECM with tPA, urokinase-type PA, or thrombin had no effect on its ability to subsequently bind PAI-1, whereas trypsin, plasmin, and elastase pretreatment greatly reduced its ability to bind PAI-1. Guanidine-activated, radiolabeled PAI-1 resembled active endogenous PAI-1 since it was unstable in solution but stable when bound to ECM. In addition, it formed complexes with tPA that had a relatively low affinity for ECM. These data suggest that ECM of bovine aortic endothelial cells contains a protease-sensitive structure that binds active PAI-1 tightly and relatively selectively and that this association stabilizes PAI-1 against the spontaneous loss of activity that occurs in solution.
Generating exact lattices in the WFST framework (2012)

We describe a lattice generation method that is exact, i.e. it satisfies all the natural properties we would want from a lattice of alternative transcriptions of an utterance. This method does not introduce substantial overhead above one-best decoding. Our method is most directly applicable when using WFST decoders where the WFST is “fully expanded”, i.e. where the arcs correspond to HMM transitions. It outputs lattices that include HMM-state-level alignments as well as word labels. The general idea is to create a state-level lattice during decoding, and to do a special form of determinization that retains only the best-scoring path for each word sequence. This special determinization algorithm is a solution to the following problem: Given a WFST A, compute a WFST B that, for each input-symbol-sequence of A, contains just the lowest-cost path through A.
Pesticide Screening Test for the Southern Chinch Bug1 (1981)

A field cage technique for pesticide screening was developed for Blissus insularis Barber in St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze, in Texas. The method provides reliable results even when large natural populations are not available.
Neuropilin-1–Dependent Regulation of EGF-Receptor Signaling (2012)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a coreceptor for multiple extracellular ligands. NRP1 is widely expressed in cancer cells and in advanced human tumors; however, its functional relevance and signaling mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that NRP1 expression controls viability and proliferation of different cancer cells, independent of its short intracellular tail. We found that the extracellular domain of NRP1 interacts with the EGF receptor (EGFR) and promotes its signaling cascade elicited upon EGF or TGF-α stimulation. Upon NRP1 silencing, the ability of ligand-bound EGFR to cluster on the cell surface, internalize, and activate the downstream AKT pathway is severely impaired. EGFR is frequently activated in human tumors due to overexpression, mutation, or sustained autocrine/paracrine stimulation. Here we show that NRP1-blocking antibodies and NRP1 silencing can counteract ligand-induced EGFR activation in cancer cells. Thus our findings unveil a novel molecular mechanism by which NRP1 can control EGFR signaling and tumor growth.
The Image Prism: A Device for Rotating and Mirroring Bitmap Images (1987)

It is sometimes necessary to orthogonally reorient bitmap images. Traditional techniques for doing so are difficult to implement on classically organized bitmap memory systems because of their raster-scan ordering of images. In some cases, this can require several hundred times more processor activity, and many times more memory references, than are required to bitblt an image. This article describes a new bitmap graphic hardware component, the "image prism" which enables us to implement all orthogonal transformations with minimum processor and memory activity. A new algorithm, which is significantly faster than previously known techniques, is outlined. Along with the image prism, this algorithm performs all mirroring and 90-degree image rotations in time and memory activity equivalent to bitblt'ing an image. A VLSI implementation of the prism is also described.
Physiological rationale for responsiveness of mouse embryonic stem cells to gp130 cytokines (2001)

Embryonic stem cells are established directly from the pluripotent epiblast of the preimplantation mouse embryo. Their derivation and propagation are dependent upon cytokine-stimulated activation of gp130 signal transduction. Embryonic stem cells maintain a close resemblance to epiblast in developmental potency and gene expression profile. The presumption of equivalence between embryonic stem cells and epiblast is challenged, however, by the finding that early embryogenesis can proceed in the absence of gp130. To explore this issue further, we have examined the capacity of gp130 mutant embryos to accommodate perturbation of normal developmental progression. Mouse embryos arrest at the late blastocyst stage when implantation is prevented. This process of diapause occurs naturally in lactating females or can be induced experimentally by removal of the ovaries. We report that gp130(-/-) embryos survive unimplanted in the uterus after ovariectomy but, in contrast to wild-type or heterozygous embryos, are subsequently unable to resume development. Inner cell masses explanted from gp130(-/-) delayed blastocysts produce only parietal endoderm, a derivative of the hypoblast. Intact mutant embryos show an absence of epiblast cells, and Hoechst staining and TUNEL analysis reveal a preceding increased incidence of cell death. These findings establish that gp130 signalling is essential for the prolonged maintenance of epiblast in vivo, which is commonly required of mouse embryos in the wild. We propose that the responsiveness of embryonic stem cells to gp130 signalling has its origin in this adaptive physiological function.
A Theory Of Frequency Domain Invariants: Spherical Harmonic Identities for BRDF/Lighting Transfer and Image Consistency (2007)

This paper develops a theory of frequency domain invariants in computer vision. We derive novel identities using spherical harmonics, which are the angular frequency domain analog to common spatial domain invariants such as reflectance ratios. These invariants are derived from the spherical harmonic convolution framework for reflection from a curved surface. Our identities apply in a number of canonical cases, including single and multiple images of objects under the same and different lighting conditions. One important case we consider is two different glossy objects in two different lighting environments. For this case, we derive a novel identity, independent of the specific lighting configurations or BRDFs, that allows us to directly estimate the fourth image if the other three are available. The identity can also be used as an invariant to detecttampering in the images. While this paper is primarily theoretical, it has the potential to lay the mathematical foundations for two important practical applications. First, we can develop more general algorithms for inverse rendering problems, which can directly relight and change material properties by transferring the BRDF or lighting from another object or illumination. Second, we can check the consistency of an image, to detect tampering or image splicing.
Isolation and characterization of a transposon mutant of Shewanella putrefaciens MR‐1 deficient in fumarate reductase (1997)

A transposon mutant, designated CMTn-3, of Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 that was deficient in fumarate reduction was isolated and characterized. In contrast to the wild-type, CMTn-3 could not grow anaerobically with fumarate as the electron acceptor, and it lacked benzyl viologen-linked fumarate reductase activity. Consistent with this, CMTn-3 lacked a 65 kDa c-type cytochrome, which is the same size as the fumarate reductase enzyme. CMTn-3 retained the wild-type ability to use nitrate, iron(III), manganese(IV) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as terminal electron acceptors. The results indicate that the loss of the fumarate reductase enzyme does not affect other anaerobic electron transport systems in this bacterium.
Increased Misincorporation Fidelity Observed for Nucleoside Analog Resistance Mutations M184V and E89G in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Does Not Correlate with the Overall Error Rate Measured In Vitro (1998)

Nucleoside analog-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) that displayed higher in vitro polymerase fidelity were previously identified via nucleotide insertion and mispair extension assays. To evaluate the contribution of increased nucleotide insertion and primer extension fidelities on the overall error rate of HIV-1 RT, we have measured the impact of two such mutations, E89G and M184V, on DNA copying fidelity in an M13 phage-based forward mutation assay. Using this assay, we observed mutation frequencies of 8.60 x 10(-3), 6.26 x 10(-3), 5.53 x 10(-3), and 12.30 x 10(-3) for wild-type, E89G, M184V, and double-mutant E89G/M184V HIV-1 RTs, respectively. Therefore, the overall polymerase fidelities of wild-type, E89G, M184V, and E89G/M184V HIV-1 RTs are similar (less than twofold differences) for DNA-dependent DNA synthesis. Thus, rather large increases in fidelity of deoxynucleoside triphosphate insertion and mispair extension observed previously appear not to influence the overall error rate of these mutants. However, a qualitative analysis of the mutations induced revealed significant differences in the mutational spectra between the wild-type and mutant enzymes.
TRaX: A Multi-Threaded Architecture for Real-Time Ray Tracing (2008)

Ray tracing is a technique used for generating highly realistic computer graphics images. In this paper, we explore the design of a simple but extremely parallel, multi-threaded, multi-core processor architecture that performs real-time ray tracing. Our architecture, called TRaX for Threaded Ray eXecution, consists of a set of thread states that include commonly used functional units for each thread and share large functional units through a programmable interconnect to maximize utilization. The memory system takes advantage of the application's read-only access to the scene database and write-only access to the frame buffer output to provide efficient data delivery with a relatively simple structure. Preliminary results indicate that a multi-core version of the architecture running at a modest speed of 500 MHz already provides real-time ray traced images for scenes of a complexity found in video games. We also explore the architectural impact of a ray tracer that uses procedural (computed) textures rather than image-based (look-up) textures to trade computation for reduced memory bandwidth.