gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PD-1 blockade attenuates immunosuppressive myeloid cells due to inhibition of CD47/SIRPα axis in HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2015)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play key roles in the tumor immune suppressive network and tumor progression. However, precise roles of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in immunological functions of MDSCs and TAMs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we show that PD-1 and PD-L1 levels were significantly higher in human HNSCC specimen than in normal oral mucosa. MDSCs and TAMs were characterized in mice and human HNSCC specimen, correlated well with PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. αPD-1 treatment was well tolerated and significantly reduced tumor growth in the HNSCC mouse model along with significant reduction in MDSCs and TAMs in immune organs and tumors. Molecular analysis suggests a reduction in the CD47/SIRPα pathway by PD-1 blockade, which regulates MDSCs, TAMs, dendritic cell as well as effector T cells. Hence, these data identify that PD-1/PD-L1 axis is significantly increased in human and mouse HNSCC. Adoptive αPD-1 immunotherapy may provide a novel therapeutic approach to modulate the micro- and macro-environment in HNSCC.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Inhibition Ameliorates the Transition to Myocardial Failure and Decreases Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice With Chronic Pressure Overload (2005)

Mineralocorticoid receptors play an important role in mediating the transition from LV hypertrophy to failure with chronic pressure overload. The effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation are associated with alterations in the interstitial matrix and myocyte apoptosis and may be mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Epigenomic Profiling Reveals Novel and Frequent Targets of Aberrant DNA Methylation-Mediated Silencing in Malignant Glioma (2006)

Malignant glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor of adults and is associated with a significant degree of morbidity and mortality. Gliomas are highly invasive and respond poorly to conventional treatments. Gliomas, like other tumor types, arise from a complex and poorly understood sequence of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic alterations leading to gene silencing, in the form of aberrant CpG island promoter hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, have not been thoroughly investigated in brain tumors, and elucidating such changes is likely to enhance our understanding of their etiology and provide new treatment options. We used a combined approach of pharmacologic inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, coupled with expression microarrays, to identify novel targets of epigenetic silencing in glioma cell lines. From this analysis, we identified >160 genes up-regulated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A treatment. Further characterization of 10 of these genes, including the putative metastasis suppressor CST6, the apoptosis-inducer BIK, and TSPYL5, whose function is unknown, revealed that they are frequent targets of epigenetic silencing in glioma cell lines and primary tumors and suppress glioma cell growth in culture. Furthermore, we show that other members of the TSPYL gene family are epigenetically silenced in gliomas and dissect the contribution of individual DNA methyltransferases to the aberrant promoter hypermethylation events. These studies, therefore, lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the full extent of epigenetic changes in gliomas and how they may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Effects of metals on the activation and inhibition of isocitric dehydrogenase (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of metals on the activation and inhibition of isocitric dehydrogenaseByron. Kratochvil, Stanton L. Boyer, and G. Phillip. HicksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 1, 45–51Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60245a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60245a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Detachable Poly(ethylene glycol) Conjugates:  Cysteine-Cleavable Lipopolymers Regenerating Natural Phospholipid, Diacyl Phosphatidylethanolamine (1999)

A new strategy for the reversible attachment of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) to an amino-containing substrate is described. The strategy is based on formation of a benzyl carbamate linkage substituted with a disulfide in the para or ortho position. While being stable under nonreducing conditions, the dithiobenzyl (DTB) urethane linkage is susceptible to cleavage by mild thiolysis with cysteine resulting in release of the parent amino component of the conjugate in its original form. The method is exemplified by preparation of mPEG-DTB-alcohol, its activation and attachment to distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE). The resulting lipopolymer incorporates into liposomes, which are capable of losing their polymer coating under conditions approximating those existing in vivo. Implications for drug delivery are briefly discussed.
Quantum Transport through a Tonks-Girardeau Gas (2009)

We investigate the propagation of spin impurity atoms through a strongly interacting one-dimensional Bose gas. The initially well localized impurities are accelerated by a constant force, very much analogous to electrons subject to a bias voltage, and propagate as a one-dimensional impurity spin wave packet. We follow the motion of the impurities in situ and characterize the interaction induced dynamics. We observe a very complex nonequilibrium dynamics, including the emergence of large density fluctuations in the remaining Bose gas, and multiple scattering events leading to dissipation of the impurity's motion.
Catalytic palladium‐based membrane reactors: A review (1991)

Abstract This paper is an extensive review of the literature dealing with the class of catalytic membrane reactors which involves hydrogen permeable membranes made of palladium and palladium alloys. The fundamental factors which affect hydrogen permeability are first discussed. A classification of the many reactions which have been conducted in such reactors at both laboratory and commercial scales is then presented. The various techniques for the preparation of palladium‐ based membranes are described and the literature on modeling and design of these reactors is also reviewed.
The Use of a Series of Ketamine Infusions in Two Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression (2010)

Treatment-resistant depression often leads to increased morbidity and disability. The authors report the use of ketamine, a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, in two patients with treatment-resistant depression. Multiple ketamine treatments may provide an effective rapid antidepressant effect with prolonged benefit.
브랜드이미지 형성에 있어 포장디자인의 역할 (1998)

Brand is made by it`s power of products. Of course the power of products is basic elements in a brand. And finally a brand image is formed by consumers expierienced a physical product. But recently, advanced consumers changing there mind, they have beliving the product is not only physical functions but also functions with sensuous. A product is made by many elements of fuction. That is physical fuctions, the sensible fuctions, some images in the product event. Many sourses in the product made a brand. Not only physical functions. Allmost of our products don`t have a brand at the sharp market competition in the world. They have just many of physical funtions. The product without a brand can`t grow up in their market. So far these products may disappear from consumers mind. A prodct is a brand. A brand is real product. Brand is formed by physical functions and non physical functions. Specially physiacal grade of technical skill have made equal in the inteligence society. And so efforts for image making with physical elements might be unvaluable huge investment. But non physical elements of product image should not change to make equal in the brand. Non physical functions could make some special image in their brand. This method is more effective than physical function to make a powerful brand image. Most of people, most of enterprise believe to make a brand image is only the power of commercial adverticements or publicitys. But we need to change such thinking. We have to solve a serious problem that a brand would be suported little fund. But a brand without a huge fund can live in the heated market. Power of package design is a good and perfect method to make a powerful brand. Good surface, variouse conviniences of pakage construction can build a powerful brand. This sensitive condition can move consumers` mind and this visual elements may stay in their mind. Because a unique brand can leave just only visual elements. Many of the package design elements can construct a big brand power. Physical funtions of products would be used and finally it will be gone. But brand image is expressed by package design sources could live forever. To make a brand of products image is the most important business in an enterprise, and so this project need a lot of fund. But we could put the right strategy to build up a brand with package design. If we can make an effort, can have enough power to make a strong brand image in the good.
Linear Azo Polymer Containing Conjugated 5,5′‐Azodisalicylic Acid Segments in the Main Chain: Synthesis, Characterization, and Degradation (2005)

Abstract Summary: Copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and 5,5′‐azodisalicylic acid (Olsalazine, OLZ) were synthesized and evaluated by hydrolysis and in‐vitro biodegradation with azoreductase. It was found that changing the molecular weight of the PEO blocks affected the loading ratio of OLZ, and resulted in significant differences in the hydration and degradability of the copolymers. These novel azo‐containing copolymers can be used in colon‐specific drug delivery. Release of 5‐ASA from OLZ and PEO‐OLZ copolymers incubated with rat cecum content in the presence of benzyl viologen and α ‐ D ‐glucose. magnified image Release of 5‐ASA from OLZ and PEO‐OLZ copolymers incubated with rat cecum content in the presence of benzyl viologen and α ‐ D ‐glucose.
Surgical Technique for Articular Cartilage Transplantation to Traumatic and Arthritic Defects in the Knee Joint 1701 (1997)

Focal arthritic defects in the knee lead to pain, swelling and dysfunction. Treatment of the defects has included drilling, abrasion, and grafting. This study describes our surgical technique and the results of autogenous articular cartilage grafting of arthritic and traumatic articular cartilage lesions. Twenty-three full thickness lesions (avg. size 283.3 mm) (13 M, 9 F, avg. age 45 y/o) (2 acute, 21 chronic, avg. f/u 20 mo.) were grafted with articular cartilage and cancellous bone from the intercondylar notch. Patients were nonweight bearing for four weeks and used a CPM each night. Thirteen patients underwent second look arthroscopy, six with biopsy. 21 of 22 patients were satisfied, with pain scores significantly improved. The cartilage appeared smooth. The histologic appearance was of hyaline cartilage in 3 of 6 biopsies, a slight fibrocartilaginous component in 1 biopsy, and predominantly fibrocartilage in 2 biopsies to date. Collagen typing revealed a 50% component of type II collagen. Articular cartilage grafting can be performed as an outpatient in a single arthroscopic procedure. Longer follow up will determine durability.
Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Colorectal Cancer: Advances and Controversies (2006)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. Even with the significant improvement in traditional chemotherapy, there remain limitations with this treatment. One of the most promising new targets in the treatment of CRC is the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). Agents that inhibit the EGFR have demonstrated clinical activity as single agents and in combination with chemotherapy and the most promising of these agents is cetuximab, which blocks the binding of EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) to EGFR. Thus, the finding that monoclonal antibodies against EGFR caused a response in patients, and reversed resistance to chemotherapy, was exciting news. However, expression of EGFR did not correlate with clinical benefit. Clearly, the search for markers of response to treatment against EGFR must go on.
Two-Log Increase in Sensitivity for Detection of Norovirus in Complex Samples by Concentration with Porcine Gastric Mucin Conjugated to Magnetic Beads (2008)

Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) have been identified previously as candidate receptors for human norovirus (NOR). Type A, type H1, and Lewis HBGA in humans have been identified as major HBGA for NOR binding. We have found that pig stomach (gastric) mucin (PGM) contains blood group A, H1, and Lewis b HBGA and binds to multiple strains of NOR more broadly than do specific antibodies to NOR. Both genogroup I (GGI) and GGII NOR strains were recovered by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads. A fecal sample containing GGII NOR was detected at a dilution of 1:1,000,000 by the standard RNA extraction procedure, whereas NOR in a 1:100,000,000 dilution could be concentrated by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads and NOR in spiked food samples (e.g., oyster extract, strawberry, raspberry, and lettuce) was captured by PGM, thus minimizing the reverse transcription-PCR inhibitors in food and increasing sensitivity.
Diabetes, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: A review (2003)

Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes by glucose oxidation, nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, and the subsequent oxidative degradation of glycated proteins. Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance. These consequences of oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamins, lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, nonenzymatic glycosylated proteins, and hyperglycemia in diabetes, and their consequences, are discussed in this review. In vivo studies of the effects of various conventional and alternative drugs on these biomarkers are surveyed. There is a need to continue to explore the relationship between free radicals, diabetes, and its complications, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which increased oxidative stress accelerates the development of diabetic complications, in an effort to expand treatment options.
Interacting Gears Synchronize Propulsive Leg Movements in a Jumping Insect (2013)

Gears are found rarely in animals and have never been reported to intermesh and rotate functionally like mechanical gears. We now demonstrate functional gears in the ballistic jumping movements of the flightless planthopper insect Issus. The nymphs, but not adults, have a row of cuticular gear (cog) teeth around the curved medial surfaces of their two hindleg trochantera. The gear teeth on one trochanter engaged with and sequentially moved past those on the other trochanter during the preparatory cocking and the propulsive phases of jumping. Close registration between the gears ensured that both hindlegs moved at the same angular velocities to propel the body without yaw rotation. At the final molt to adulthood, this synchronization mechanism is jettisoned.
Advances in the development of novel analgesics (2008)

Background: Chronic pain conditions, whether inflammatory or neuropathic in origin remain a significant unmet medical need. Existing treatments exhibit insufficient efficacy and also produce dose-limiting side effects. As such, research is focused on identifying new drugs with novel mechanisms of action to better serve patient needs. Objectives: This review focuses on the most recent chemical scaffolds that are being investigated towards advancing selective small molecule cannabinoid agonists (CB2), ion channel modulators (sodium channels, calcium channels, potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, acid-sensing ion channels and purinergic receptors) as well as modulators of the norepinephrine system into the clinic. Methods: We systematically searched, analyzed and summarized the publication and patent literature for small molecule inhibitors of the topic areas within the period January 2007 – February 2008. Information on clinical candidates, when available, was garnered from company websites and commercial databases. Conclusions: Our analysis reveals prolific patenting activity in the pain area associated with the chosen targets. As our targets are only a subset of those under investigation for pain, this therapeutic area seems to be a focus in both academic institutions and industry. Brain penetration and selectivity emerge as likely prerequisites for avoidance of adverse events and to achieve meaningful clinical efficacy.
New targets for therapy in breast cancer: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) antagonists (2004)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase member of the cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is involved in multiple biologic functions such as transcriptional and translational control. mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and plays a critical role in cell survival. In breast cancer this pathway can be activated by membrane receptors, including the HER (or ErbB) family of growth factor receptors, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, and the estrogen receptor. There is evidence suggesting that Akt promotes breast cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy, trastuzumab, and tamoxifen. Rapamycin is a specific mTOR antagonist that targets this pathway and blocks the downstream signaling elements, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Targeting the Akt/PI3K pathway with mTOR antagonists may increase the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer therapy.
Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy (2004)

The recent approval of cetuximab and bevacizumab by FDA for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer witnesses the investments of biotech companies in the development of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) as cancer therapeutics. Several analyses point to the growth of the market for these drugs, and forecast an even higher expansion of sales following completion of several clinical trials, both of approved Mabs tested for other cancers, and of new Mabs aimed at different tumor antigens. Not unsurprisingly, the latest additions to the number of therapeutic Mabs belong to the classes of chimeric and humanized antibodies. A great effort has been made in the last years to overcome the intrinsic limitations of the technology used to produce monoclonal antibodies. The knowledge accumulated in the search of newer ways of production of recombinant therapeutic proteins is reflected by the number of fully human Mabs in the pipeline. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the cellular and molecular events underlying the activity of cancer-aimed antibodies allows the optimisation of these drugs for the treatment of high incidence solid tumors.
On Second-Order Differential Power Analysis (2005)

Abstract. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is a powerful cryptanalytic technique aiming at extracting secret data from a cryptographic device by collecting power consumption traces and averaging over a series of acquisitions. In order to prevent the leakage, hardware designers and software programmers make use of masking techniques (a.k.a. data whitening methods). However, the resulting implementations may still succumb to second-order DPA. Several recent papers studied secondorder DPA but, although the conclusions that are drawn are correct, the analysis is not. This paper fills the gap by providing an exact analysis of second-order DPA as introduced by Messerges. It also considers several generalizations, including an extended analysis in the more general Hammingdistance model. Keywords. Side-channel analysis, differential power analysis, secondorder attacks. 1
Direct-Referencing Two-Dimensional-Array Digital Microfluidics Using Multilayer Printed Circuit Board (2008)

Digital (i.e. droplet-based) microfluidics, by the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) mechanism, has shown great potential for a wide range of applications, such as lab-on-a-chip. While most reported EWOD chips use a series of electrode pads essentially in one-dimensional line pattern designed for specific tasks, the desired universal chips allowing user-reconfigurable paths would require the electrode pads in two-dimensional pattern. However, to electrically access the electrode pads independently, conductive lines need to be fabricated underneath the pads in multiple layers, raising a cost issue especially for disposable chip applications. In this article, we report the building of digital microfluidic plates based on a printed-circuit-board (PCB), in which multilayer electrical access lines were created inexpensively using mature PCB technology. However, due to its surface topography and roughness and resulting high resistance against droplet movement, as-fabricated PCB surfaces require unacceptably high (~500 V) voltages unless coated with or immersed in oil. Our goal is EWOD operations of aqueous droplets not only on oil-covered but also on dry surfaces. To meet varying levels of performances, three types of gradually complex post-PCB microfabrication processes are developed and evaluated. By introducing land-grid-array (LGA) sockets in the packaging, a scalable digital microfluidics system with reconfigurable and low-cost chip is also demonstrated.
Visual Web Information Extraction with Lixto (2001)

We present new techniques for supervised wrapper generation and automated web information extraction, and a system called Lixto implementing these techniques. Our system can generate wrappers which translate relevant pieces of HTML pages into XML. Lixto, of which a working prototype has been implemented, assists the user to semi-automatically create wrapper programs by providing a fully visual and interactive user interface. In this convenient user-interface very expressive extraction programs can be created. Internally, this functionality is reflected by the new logicbased declarative language Elog. Users never have to deal with Elog and even familiarity with HTML is not required. Lixto can be used to create an &amp;quot;XML-Companion&amp;quot; for an HTML web page with changing content, containing the continually updated XML translation of the relevant information. 1