gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy, phosphorus, and amino acid digestibility of high-protein distillers dried grains and corn germ fed to growing pigs1 (2007)

Three experiments were conducted to measure energy, P, and AA digestibility in 2 novel co-products from the ethanol industry [i.e., high-protein distillers dried grains (HP DDG) and corn germ]. These products are produced by dehulling and degerming corn before it enters the fermentation process. Experiment 1 was an energy balance experiment conducted to measure DE and ME in HP DDG, corn germ, and corn. Six growing pigs (initial BW, 48.9 +/- 1.99 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed diets based on corn, corn and HP DDG, or corn and corn germ. Pigs were allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The DE and ME in corn (4,056 and 3,972 kcal/kg of DM, respectively) did not differ from the DE and ME in corn germ (3,979 and 3,866 kcal/kg of DM, respectively). However, HP DDG contained more (P < 0.05) energy (4,763 kcal of DE/kg of DM and 4,476 kcal of ME/kg of DM) than corn or corn germ. Experiment 2 was conducted to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and true total tract digestibility of P in HP DDG and corn germ. Thirty growing pigs (initial BW, 33.2 +/- 7.18 kg) were placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on HP DDG or corn germ. A P-free diet was used to measure endogenous P losses. Pigs were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design, with 10 replications per treatment. The ATTD and the retention of P were calculated for the diets containing HP DDG and corn germ, and the endogenous loss of P was estimated from pigs fed the P-free diet. The ATTD was lower (P < 0.05) in corn germ (28.6%) than in the HP DDG (59.6%). The retention of P was also lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed corn germ (26.7%) than in pigs fed HP DDG (58.9%). The endogenous loss of P was estimated to be 211 +/- 39 mg per kg of DMI. The true total tract digestibility of P for HP DDG and corn germ was calculated to be 69.3 and 33.7%, respectively. In Exp. 3, apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values of CP and AA in HP DDG and corn germ were measured using 6 growing pigs (initial BW, 78.2 +/- 11.4 kg) allotted to a replicated, 3 x 3 Latin square design. The apparent ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg and Pro, and the standardized ileal digestibility for CP and all AA except Arg, Lys, Gly, and Pro were greater (P < 0.05) in HP DDG than in corn germ. It was concluded that HP DDG has a greater digestibility of energy, P, and most AA than corn germ.
Antibody Response in Serum and Nasopharynx after Naturally Acquired and Vaccine-Induced Infection with Rubella Virus (1971)

Antibody response to rubella virus was studied in serum and nasopharyngeal secretions after natural infection, intranasal inoculation with RA-27/3 rubella vaccine and subcutaneous administration of HPV-77 DK/12 rubella-virus vaccine. Serum antibody responses after natural infection or immunization were similar and characterized by the sequential appearance of γM, γG and occasionally γA antibody. Secretory antibody response after natural infection or intranasal immunization was characterized by regular appearance of nasopharyngeal γntibody. Little or no nasopharyngeal response was observed after subcutaneous immunization with HPV-77 vaccine. These data may explain the poor nasopharyngeal immunity to reinfection with wild rubella virus in subjects previously immunized with parenterally administered rubella-virus vaccine.
Intramuscular EMG Decomposition Basing on Motor Unit Action Potentials Detection and Superposition Resolution (2018)

A novel electromyography (EMG) signal decomposition framework is presented for the thorough and precise analysis of intramuscular EMG signals. This framework first detects all of the active motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) and assigns single MUAP segments to their corresponding motor units. MUAP waveforms that are found to be superimposed are then resolved into their constituent single MUAPs using a peel-off approach and similarly assigned. The method is composed of six stages of analytical procedures: preprocessing, segmentation, alignment and feature extraction, clustering and refinement, supervised classification, and superimposed waveform resolution. The performance of the proposed decomposition framework was evaluated using both synthetic EMG signals and real recordings obtained from healthy and stroke participants. The overall detection rate of MUAPs was 100% for both synthetic and real signals. The average accuracy for synthetic EMG signals was 87.23%. Average assignment accuracies of 88.63 and 94.45% were achieved for the real EMG signals obtained from healthy and stroke participants, respectively. Results demonstrated the ability of the developed framework to decompose intramuscular EMG signals with improved accuracy and efficiency, which we believe will greatly benefit the clinical utility of EMG for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of motor impairments in stroke patients.
Inhibitory action of transforming growth factor beta on endothelial cells. (1987)

In the present study, we show that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) strongly inhibits fibroblast growth factor-induced proliferation and motility of bovine endothelial cells in tissue culture. TGF-beta also prevents the phorbol ester-induced invasion of capillary endothelial cells into collagen matrices--i.e., blocks angiogenesis in vitro. TGF-beta promotes the incorporation of fibronectin into the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells and stimulates the secretion of other proteins--mainly of 55- and 180-kDa components. We show furthermore that endothelial cells express TGF-beta receptors similar in size to those of other tissue culture cell lines: a 280-kDa complex is present in subconfluent cells, and 85- and 72-kDa protein bands are seen in confluent cells. The various effects of TGF-beta on endothelial cells suggest that these cells are an important target of TGF-beta during wound healing and angiogenesis.
RNA Modified Uridines VI: Conformations of 3-[3-(S)-Amino-3-Carboxypropyl]Uridine (acp3U) from tRNA and 1-Methyl-3-[3-(S)-Amino-3-Carboxypropyl]Pseudouridine (m1acp3Ψ) from rRNA (1992)

Abstract The conformation of chemically synthesized acp3U is 60& 3′-endo, gauche+, whereas that of m1acp3Ψ is 60& 2′-endo, gauche+. We conclude that the difference in conformation probably imparts important local structures to their respective tRNA and rRNA.
Enzyme Dissolution of the Nucleus Pulposus in Humans (1964)

CHYMOPAPAIN, by direct injection into the intervertebral disc, will cause dissolution of the nucleus pulposus in rabbits without apparent effect on the surrounding tissues, such as ligaments, bone, nerve roots, and dura mater.<sup>1</sup> This technique was therefore applied to 22 dogs with paralysis of the hind legs believed to be due to herniation of intervertebral discs. Chymopapain, 1 to 5 mg, was injected directly into the discs apparently involved. Fourteen of the 22 dogs recovered to the extent of being able to stand orwalk. Seven dogs were unimproved. At autopsy, six of these dogs showed herniation or extrusion of the disc at levels other than those injected. The seventh had complete degeneration of the spinal cord below the level of the lesion. No deleterious effects of the enzyme were found in any of these animals.<sup>2</sup> With these favorable experiences as a foundation, clinical trials were started in July, 1963, on humans with sciatica secondary to herniated intervertebral discs. This report deals with the clinical
Accuracy of Thoracic Vertebral Body Screw Placement Using Standard Fluoroscopy, Fluoroscopic Image Guidance, and Computed Tomographic Image Guidance (2003)

Fluoroscopy-based image guidance that uses only a single reference marker for the entire thoracic spine is highly inaccurate and unsafe. Systems with registration based on the instrumented vertebrae provide more accurate placement of thoracic vertebral body screws than standard fluoroscopy, but expose the patient to more radiation and require more time for screw insertion.
Microfluidic device (ExoChip) for on-chip isolation, quantification and characterization of circulating exosomes (2014)

Membrane bound vesicles, including microvesicles and exosomes, are secreted by both normal and cancerous cells into the extracellular space and in blood circulation. These circulating extracellular vesicles (cirEVs) and exosomes in particular are recognized as a potential source of disease biomarkers. However, to exploit the use of circulatory exosomes as a biomarker, a rapid, high-throughput and reproducible method is required for their isolation and molecular analysis. We have developed a simple, low cost microfluidic-based platform to isolate cirEVs enriched in exosomes directly from blood serum allowing simultaneous capture and quantification of exosomes in a single device. To capture specific exosomes, we employed "ExoChip", a microfluidic device fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and functionalized with antibodies against CD63, an antigen commonly overexpressed in exosomes. Subsequent staining with a fluorescent carbocyanine dye (DiO) that specifically labels the exosomes, we quantitated exosomes using a standard plate-reader. Ten independent ExoChip experiments performed using serum obtained from five pancreatic cancer patients and five healthy individuals revealed a statistically significant increase (2.34 ± 0.31 fold, p < 0.001) in exosomes captured in cancer patients when compared to healthy individuals. Exosomal origins of ExoChip immobilized vesicles were further confirmed using immuno-electron-microscopy and Western blotting. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of ExoChip to recover exosomes with intact RNA enabling profiling of exosomal-microRNAs through openarray analysis, which has potential applications in biomarker discovery. Based on our findings, ExoChip is a well suited platform to be used as an exosome-based diagnostic and research tool for molecular screening of human cancers.
Turbulent-Flow Separation Criteria for Overexpanded Supersonic Nozzles (1978)

A comprehensive compilation of available turbulent flow separation data for overexpanded supersonic nozzles is presented with a discussion of correlation techniques, and prediction methods. Data are grouped by nozzle types: conical, contoured, and two dimensional wedge. Correlation of conical nozzle separation is found to be independent of nozzle divergence half-angle above the 9 deg, whereas the contoured nozzle data follow a different correlation curve. Zero pressure gradient prediction techniques are shown to predict adequately the higher divergence angle conical separation data, and an empirical equation is given for the contoured nozzle data correlation. Flow conditions for which the correlations are invalid are discussed and bounded. A nozzle boundary layer transition criterion is presented which can be used to show that much of the noncorrelating data in the literature are concerned with nonturbulent separation and which explains the previously reported external flow effects on nozzle separation.
Identification of a Membrane Protein, LAT-2, That Co-expresses with 4F2 Heavy Chain, an L-type Amino Acid Transport Activity with Broad Specificity for Small and Large Zwitterionic Amino Acids (1999)

We have identified a new human cDNA, L-amino acid transporter-2 (LAT-2), that induces a system L transport activity with 4F2hc (the heavy chain of the surface antigen 4F2, also named CD98) in oocytes. Human LAT-2 is the fourth member of the family of amino acid transporters that are subunits of 4F2hc. The amino acid transport activity induced by the co-expression of 4F2hc and LAT-2 was sodium-independent and showed broad specificity for small and large zwitterionic amino acids, as well as bulky analogs (e.g. BCH (2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid)). This transport activity was highly trans-stimulated, suggesting an exchanger mechanism of transport. Expression of tagged N-myc-LAT-2 alone in oocytes did not induce amino acid transport, and the protein had an intracellular location. Co-expression of N-myc-LAT-2 and 4F2hc gave amino acid transport induction and expression of N-myc-LAT-2 at the plasma membrane of the oocytes. These data suggest that LAT-2 is an additional member of the family of 4F2 light chain subunits, which associates with 4F2hc to express a system L transport activity with broad specificity for zwitterionic amino acids. Human LAT-2 mRNA is expressed in kidney >>> placenta >> brain, liver > spleen, skeletal muscle, heart, small intestine, and lung. Human LAT-2 gene localizes at chromosome 14q11.2-13 (13 cR or approximately 286 kb from marker D14S1349). The high expression of LAT-2 mRNA in epithelial cells of proximal tubules, the basolateral location of 4F2hc in these cells, and the amino acid transport activity of LAT-2 suggest that this transporter contributes to the renal reabsorption of neutral amino acids in the basolateral domain of epithelial proximal tubule cells.
Enhancement of immunity against murine syngeneic tumors by a fraction extracted from non-pathogenic mycobacteria. (1975)

The data reported here demonstrate that a preparation extracted from nonpathogenic mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and hereafter referred to as interphase material protected mice against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma, L-1210 leukemia, and another syngeneic lymphoid leukemia. Furthermore, mice treated by this preparation were much less susceptible to endotoxins than when stimulated by BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) or M. smegmatis cells. Moreover, guinea pigs treated by interphase material administered in Freund's incomplete adjuvant showed an increased immune response, yet their sensitivity to tuberculin was much weaker than that of controls sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant. Finally, resistance to Columbia SK virus infection could be demonstrated when interphase material was administered to mice prior to virus challenge.
Analysis of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and MUC18 on benign and malignant melanocytic lesions using monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct epitopes and recognizing denatured, non-glycosylated antigen (1997)

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and mucin isotype MUC18 were originally identified as melanoma progression antigens by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) generated in a search for molecules expressed by melanomas but not detectable on benign naevi. As MAb detect single epitopes whose accessibility may be modulated, a new panel of antibodies directed against distinct epitopes and reacting with denatured nonglycosylated antigen as well as native antigen were used to examine expression of these molecules on melanocytic lesions. The antibodies were analysed in a binding inhibition assay and divided into groups defining independent epitopes. Three anti-ICAM-1 and four anti-MUC18 antibodies representing these groups were then tested on frozen sections of 10 benign naevi and 10 melanoma lymph-node metastases. The anti-ICAM-1 antibodies demonstrated concordant reactivities on both the malignant and benign lesions and reacted with all samples suggesting that antibodies that detect differences in ICAM-1 expression between these two lesions detect altered epitopes. Three of the four antibodies directed to MUC18 showed concordant reactivities and indicated that this molecule was expressed in nine melanomas and three naevi. However, one antibody (MUC18BA.3) reacted strongly with all lesions indicating either crossreactivity with another melanocyte molecule or the expression of a different form of MUC18 on naevi.
Facilely Accessible Multidrug Resistance Modulator Derived from Sucrose (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Weight Distribution and Molecular Size of a Native Dextran (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Weight Distribution and Molecular Size of a Native DextranLester H. Arond and H. Peter FrankCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1954, 58, 11, 953–957Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150521a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j150521a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genetics of metachromatic leukodystrophy. (1994)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). The mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. The disease occurs panethnically and its frequency is 1 in 40000. The deficiency of the enzyme causes the accumulation of its substrate cerebroside sulfate. Since this sphingolipid is mainly found in the myelin membranes the disease primarily affects the oligodendrocytes. Patients suffer from a progressive demyelination and die due to a variety of neurologic symptoms. Clinically the disease is heterogeneous. Depending on the age of onset a late infantile, juvenile and adult form can be distinguished. We have cloned the cDNA and gene of arylsulfatase A. Several disease causing mutations have been identified and a simple genotype phenotype correlation has been revealed. Currently we try to develop a mouse model of MLD via homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. The model will allow to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and to test possible therapeutic approaches.
Failed innovation in total hip replacement: Diagnosis and proposals for a cure (1993)

Many new hip prosthesis and fixation techniques have been introduced in orthopedics in recent years. Yet, none have provided superior total hip replacements (THR) in comparison to the traditional cemented Charnley concept, which nevertheless has limited long-term endurance. This review article investigates why the THR innovation process has failed. The predominant causes for long-term failure of THR are discussed. A framework of generic failure scenarios is proposed to provide guidelines for a scientifically-oriented approach to THR design, testing and clinical evaluation. It is shown that THR components are subject to incompatible design goals as regards prevention of the different failure scenarios. Neglect of those has been one important factor in the present innovation impasse. A second factor is the trial-and-error culture in orthopedic surgery, in which new devices run through the innovation cycle without proper testing or rigorous postoperative analysis. The third factor is ineffective regulation of marketing approval with respect to orthopedic implants. Scientific research in orthopedics and related sciences has produced new methods for systematic design evaluation, pre-clinical testing and clinical trials. These can provide a basis for self-regulation and self-control by the orthopedic community, in all stages of the innovation process.
Generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes to a self-peptide/class I complex: a model for peptide-mediated tumor rejection. (1994)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) typically recognize foreign peptides bound to class I products of the major histocompatibility complex. A function of CTL is to identify and eliminate tumor cells that bear inappropriately expressed peptide/class I complexes (i.e., mutated self-peptides or self-peptides that are expressed at abnormally high levels). The processes that result in tolerance to self-antigens can undermine the effectiveness of this system by deleting or inactivating T-cells that might potentially be reactive with tumor-associated antigens. To up-regulate the response to tumor antigens it will be useful to develop methods whereby CTL responses to specific self-peptides can be elicited without damage to normal tissue. In this report a CTL response was generated in BALB/c mice against the ubiquitous self-peptide p2Ca (LSPFPFDL), which binds to Ld and is derived from the mitochondrial enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. CTL derived in vitro recognize specifically the p2Ca/Ld complex and use V beta 8 regions predominantly. The cultured cells lysed target cells with lower levels of p2Ca than the levels used for induction. This result suggests that it may be possible to use peptides at high concentrations to elicit CTL react with endogenous levels of a peptide/class I complex. The in vivo potential of the response was demonstrated by the observation that BALB/c mice, coinjected with a syngeneic BALB/c myeloma and exogenous p2Ca, are able to reject the tumor. The p2Ca/Ld system may thus provide a model for evaluating the parameters for effective immunotherapy with tumor-associated peptides.
Improved breast cancer prognosis through the combination of clinical and genetic markers (2006)

The breast cancer dataset is available at www.nature.com and Matlab codes are available upon request.