gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Garnet-type solid-state fast Li ion conductors for Li batteries: critical review (2014)

Batteries are electrochemical devices that store electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. Among known batteries, Li ion batteries (LiBs) provide the highest gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, making them ideal candidates for use in portable electronics and plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles. Conventional LiBs use an organic polymer electrolyte, which exhibits several safety issues including leakage, poor chemical stability and flammability. The use of a solid-state (ceramic) electrolyte to produce all-solid-state LiBs can overcome all of the above issues. Also, solid-state Li batteries can operate at high voltage, thus, producing high power density. Various types of solid Li-ion electrolytes have been reported; this review is focused on the most promising solid Li-ion electrolytes based on garnet-type metal oxides. The first studied Li-stuffed garnet-type compounds are Li5La3M2O12 (M = Nb, Ta), which show a Li-ion conductivity of ∼10(-6) at 25 °C. La and M sites can be substituted by various metal ions leading to Li-rich garnet-type electrolytes, such as Li6ALa2M2O12, (A = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sr0.5Ba0.5) and Li7La3C2O12 (C = Zr, Sn). Among the known Li-stuffed garnets, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 exhibits the highest bulk Li-ion conductivity of 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 25 °C with an activation energy of 0.35 eV, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the currently used polymer, but is chemically stable at higher temperatures and voltages compared to polymer electrolytes. Here, we discuss the chemical composition-structure-ionic conductivity relationship of the Li-stuffed garnet-type oxides, as well as the Li ion conduction mechanism.
Immunogen sequence: the fourth tier of AIDS vaccine design (2004)

While worldwide efforts to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine are underway, the virus continues to spread, particularly in developing countries where the delivery of antiviral therapies presents formidable challenges. Vaccine research has largely focused on three general aspects: vectors, adjuvants, and immunization schedules. Our group favor the use of computational methods to design potential immunogens that capture the genetic and biological features of circulating viruses. These methods allow researchers to predict, in silico, the presence of potential glycosylation sites, humoral immune responses, and epitope coverage. This review shall compare three computational approaches for immunogen design: the consensus sequence, which has at each site the modal nucleotide or amino acid residue across a sequence alignment; the most recent common ancestor, the sequence estimated at the basal node of the clades seen in the HIV-1 phylogeny; and the center of tree method, which minimizes the evolutionary distance to all sequences in the data set.
Effective induction of naive and recall T-cell responses by targeting antigen to human dendritic cells via a humanized anti–DC-SIGN antibody (2005)

Current dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are based on ex vivo-generated autologous DCs loaded with antigen prior to readministration into patients. A more direct and less laborious strategy is to target antigens to DCs in vivo via specific surface receptors. Therefore, we developed a humanized antibody, hD1V1G2/G4 (hD1), directed against the C-type lectin DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) to explore its capacity to serve as a target receptor for vaccination purposes. hD1 was cross-linked to a model antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). We observed that the chimeric antibody-protein complex (hD1-KLH) bound specifically to DC-SIGN and was rapidly internalized and translocated to the lysosomal compartment. To determine the targeting efficiency of hD1-KLH, monocyte-derived DCs and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were obtained from patients who had previously been vaccinated with KLH-pulsed DCs. Autologous DCs pulsed with hD1-KLH induced proliferation of patient PBLs at a 100-fold lower concentration than KLH-pulsed DCs. In addition, hD1-KLH-targeted DCs induced proliferation of naive T cells recognizing KLH epitopes in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classes I and II. We conclude that antibody-mediated targeting of antigen to DCs via DC-SIGN effectively induces antigen-specific naive as well as recall T-cell responses. This identifies DC-SIGN as a promising target molecule for DC-based vaccination strategies.
Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale Predicts Suicide in Suicide Attempters (2010)

Exposure to violence in childhood and violent behavior in adulthood are risk factors for completed suicide in suicide attempters. Behavioral dysregulation of aggression is important to assess in clinical work. The KIVS is a valuable new tool for case detection and long-term clinical suicide prevention.
Cell cycle regulation of transfected murine dihydrofolate reductase genes. (1986)

We have used the technique of DNA-mediated gene transfer to introduce dihydrofolate reductase genes into dihydrofolate reductase-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. The transferred sequences include: dihydrofolate reductase minigenes, dihydrofolate reductase cDNA clones, and genomic DNA from mouse cells with highly amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes. The hamster cells were capable of utilizing the murine transcription initiation sites, splice junctions, and polyadenylation sites in complete murine dihydrofolate reductase genes. Only a short region of 5'-flanking sequence (160 base pairs (bp] was sufficient for proper initiation of dihydrofolate reductase transcription. In contrast only those clones with all of the dihydrofolate reductase introns and extensive (greater than 6.5 kilobase pairs) 3'-flanking regions utilized the dihydrofolate reductase polyadenylylation sites. Four of nine clones tested regulate the transfected genes normally, synthesizing dihydrofolate reductase preferentially at the onset of S phase. Regulated genes include one which entirely lacks intervening sequences, two with fewer than 420 bp of 5'-flanking sequence, and two in which polyadenylylation occurs predominantly in the adjacent hamster sequences. Two of the five cell lines which do not exhibit normal regulation contain genes which appear to be transcribed primarily from promoters present in the flanking hamster DNA. The other genes which fail to regulate do not appear to differ significantly in the structure of their transcripts or protein products from genes which regulate normally. We conclude that only the coding sequences, a region of less than 340 bp of sequence 5' of the translation initiation codon, and a short region of 3'-flanking sequence are required for regulated production of dihydrofolate reductase. The regulation can be abolished, however, by unknown properties of the site of insertion.
Reconstitution of the RB gene suppresses the growth of small-cell lung carcinoma cells carrying multiple genetic alterations. (1993)

Multiple genetic alterations, including inactivation of the RB gene, occur commonly in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). To assess a functional role of RB inactivation in the development of SCLC, an RB expression plasmid was introduced by stable transfection into SCLC cell lines, Lu-135 and N417, in which the RB gene was inactivated. Lu-135 and N417 cells transfected with the wild-type RB gene formed G418-resistant colonies twofold less efficiently than those with a mutated RB gene or with the control vector. Intact exogenous wild-type RB genes were detected only in approximately 20% of G418-resistant clones; three of 14 in Lu-135 and three of 16 in N417, respectively. Transcripts from the transfected RB gene were also detected in two of these three clones from Lu-135 and two of three from N417 but the amount of RB mRNA and protein was less than one fifth of that in normal fibroblast cells WI-38. Furthermore, clones with exogenous wild-type RB expression showed either reduced growth rates in culture or suppressed tumorigenicity in nude mice. These findings suggest that functional correction of the RB gene is sufficient to suppress the growth of SCLC cells, even though several other genetic alterations in the cells remain uncorrected.
Crosstalk between RANKL and Fas signaling in dendritic cells controls immune tolerance (2007)

Although receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling has been shown to prolong the survival of mature dendritic cells (DCs), the association of RANKL pathway with Fas-mediated apoptosis is obscure. Here, we found that bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from the Fas-deficient strain MRL/lpr mice, could survive much longer than normal DCs. The expressions of Bcl-x and Bcl-2 and the nuclear transport of NF-kappaB of RANKL-stimulated BMDCs from MRL/lpr mice were significantly up-regulated. By contrast, Fas expression of BMDCs from normal C57BL/6 and MRL(+/+) mice was increased by RANKL stimulation, and an enhanced DC apoptosis was found when stimulated with both RANKL and anti-Fas mAb, which was associated with activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, the expression of FLIP(L), an inhibitory molecule against Fas-mediated apoptosis, in normal DCs was significantly decreased by RANKL and anti-Fas mAb. Indeed, the adoptive transfer of RANKL-stimulated DCs resulted in rapid acceleration of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr recipients. These findings indicate that the crosstalk between RANKL and Fas signaling in DCs might control immune tolerance.
Effective method for obtaining long nucleotide chains on partially complementary templates Processed bovine γ‐interferon gene obtained from human γ‐interferon gene (1989)

The method of obtaining the bovine gamma-interferon gene by means of simultaneous multidirected mutagenesis of the human gamma-interferon gene is presented. The first strand of the bovine gamma-interferon gene was obtained by ligation of synthetic oligonucleotides, using the cDNA of human gamma-interferon, cloned in the single-stranded phage M13mp19 as a template. The second strand was synthesized using a large fragment of E. coli DNA-polymerase I. The double-stranded gene was then treated by restriction nucleases and cloned in a pUC-18 derived vector. The primary structure was confirmed by sequencing.
A Versatile Toolbox for Multiplexed Protein Micropatterning by Laser Lithography (2012)

Photocleavable oligohistidine peptides (POHP) allow in situ spatial organization of multiple His-tagged proteins onto surfaces functionalized with tris(nitrilotriacetic acid) (tris-NTA). Here, a second generation of POHPs is presented with improved photoresponse and site-specific covalent coupling is introduced for generating stable protein assemblies. POHPs with different numbers of histidine residues and a photocleavable linker based on the 4,5-dimethoxy-o-nitrophenyl ethyl chromophore are prepared. These peptides show better photosensitivity than the previously used o-nitrophenyl ethyl derivative. Efficient and stable caging of tris-NTA-functionalized surfaces by POHPs comprising 12 histidine residues is demonstrated by multiparameter solid-phase detection techniques. Laser lithographic uncaging by photofragmentation of the POHPs is possible with substantially reduced photodamage as compared to previous approaches. Thus, in situ micropatterning of His-tagged proteins under physiological conditions is demonstrated for the first time. In combination with a short peptide tag for a site-specific enzymatic coupling reaction, covalent immobilization of multiple proteins into target micropatterns is possible under physiological conditions.
Peroxidases depolymerize lignin in organic media but not in water (1986)

Horseradish peroxidase and milk lactoperoxidase, while unable to degrade either synthetic or natural lignins in aqueous solutions, vigorously depolymerize polyconiferyl alcohol, milled wood lignin, and kraft pine lignin in dioxane, dimethylformamide, or methyl formate containing 5% aqueous buffer (10 mM acetate, pH 5). Horseradish peroxidase, solubilized in organic media by chemical modification, can also degrade lignin in native lignocellulose (wheat straw).
Wave Equation Based Diffraction Imaging by Dip-Dependent Wavefield Multiplication (2019)

Summary An efficient and practical wave-equation-based technique is proposed to image subsurface geologic features such as isolated scatterers, reflector edges, faults, fracture zones, and erosional boundaries whose seismic expression is mainly characterized by diffracted waves. This technique has the ability to directly reveal and differentiate important geologic features compared to results obtained using reflected seismic waves. This new technique comprises of three steps. First, the source and receiver wavefields are decomposed into left- and right-downgoing propagating waves, respectively. Second, applying the imaging condition to the right-downgoing source and the right-downgoing receiver wavefields to generate the so-called right-right image. Similarly, a left-left image is generated. Third, the left-left and right-right images are multiplied sample-by-sample to form the final diffraction-based image. The key idea of this method is based on the fact that any dipping reflector will be present in either the left-left or the right-right image, whereas diffractor energy can exist in all dips i.e., both images. After multiplication of both images, only the diffractors remain while the reflectors are suppressed. The new algorithm has been successfully tested on two synthetic data tests shown here.
Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan (2007)

The present study suggests that NPEV are a dominant cause of AFP and different serotypes of NPEV are randomly distributed in Pakistan. The untypable isolates need further characterization and analysis in order to determine their association with clinical presentation of a case.
15S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and inhibits proliferation in PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. (2001)

15-Lipoxygenase (15-LOX)-2 is expressed in benign prostate secretory cells and benign prostate produces 15S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HETE) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA). In contrast, 15S-LOX-2 and 15S-HETE formation are reduced in prostate carcinoma (Pca). The mechanisms whereby reduced 15-LOX-2 may contribute to Pca development or progression are not known. We investigated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma in benign and malignant prostate tissues and the ability of 15S-HETE to activate PPARgamma-dependent transcription and modulate proliferation of the Pca cell line PC3. In contrast to benign prostate and similar to most Pca tissues, 15-LOX-2 mRNA was not detected in PC3 cells, and they did not produce detectable 15-HETE from [14C]AA. By reverse transcription-PCR, PPARgamma mRNA was present in 18 of 18 benign and 9 of 9 tumor specimens. The PPARgamma ligand BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a dose-dependent inhibition of PC3 proliferation in a 14-day soft agar colony-forming assay (IC50 of 3 and 30 microM, respectively). 15S-HETE (10 microM) caused greater inhibition than 10 microM 15R-HETE. At 3 days, BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a slight increase in cells in G0-G1 and a corresponding decrease in cells in S phase. In PC3 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter linked to a PPAR response element, 1 microM BRL 49653 and 10 microM 15S-HETE caused approximately threefold and greater than twofold induction of PPAR-dependent transcription, respectively. By quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Northern analysis, 3-day treatment with BRL 49653 and 15S-HETE caused a reduction of PPARgamma expression but a marked up-regulation of the PPAR response element containing adipocyte type fatty acid binding protein. These results support the hypothesis that 15-LOX-2-derived 15S-HETE may constitute an endogenous ligand for PPARgamma in the prostate and that loss of this pathway by reduced expression of 15-LOX-2 may contribute to increased proliferation and reduced differentiation in prostate carcinoma.
A functional system for high-content screening of neuromuscular junctions in vitro (2013)

High-content phenotypic screening systems are the logical extension of the current efficient, yet low information content, pre-clinical screens for drug discovery. A physiologically accurate <i>in vitro</i> neuromuscular junction (NMJ) screening system would therefore be of tremendous benefit to the study of peripheral neuropathies as well as for basic and applied neuromuscular research. To date, no fully-defined, selective assay system has been developed which would allow investigators to determine the functional output of cultured muscle fibers (myotubes) when stimulated via the NMJ in real time for both acute and chronic applications. Here we present the development of such a phenotypic screening model, along with evidence of NMJ formation and motoneuron initiated neuromuscular transmission in an automated system. Myotubes assembled on silicon cantilevers allowed for measurement of substrate deflection in response to contraction and provided the basis for monitoring the effect of controlled motoneuron stimulation on the contractile behavior. The effect was blocked by treatment with D-tubocurarine, confirming NMJ functionality in this highly multiplexed assay system.
NK-cell and T-cell functions in patients with breast cancer: effects of surgery and adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy (2007)

Breast cancer is globally the most common malignancy in women. Her2-targeted monoclonal antibodies are established treatment modalities, and vaccines are in late-stage clinical testing in patients with breast cancer and known to promote tumour-killing through mechanisms like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It is therefore increasingly important to study immunological consequences of conventional treatment strategies. In this study, functional tests and four-colour flow cytometry were used to detect natural killer (NK)-cell functions and receptors as well as T-cell signal transduction molecules and intracellular cytokines in preoperative breast cancer patients, and patients who had received adjuvant radiotherapy or adjuvant combined chemo-radiotherapy as well as in age-matched healthy controls. The absolute number of NK cells, the density of NK receptors as well as in vitro quantitation of functional NK cytotoxicity were significantly higher in preoperative patients than the post-treatments group and controls. A similar pattern was seen with regard to T-cell signalling molecules, and preoperative patients produced significantly higher amounts of cytokines in NK and T cells compared to other groups. The results indicate that functions of NK and T cells are well preserved before surgery but decrease following adjuvant therapy, which may speak in favour of early rather than late use of immunotherapeutic agents such as trastuzumab that may depend on intact immune effector functions.
"LOS PLATOS DE GERASA (I): DECORACIONES E ICONOGRAFÍA" (1992)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.
Base pairing of anhydrohexitol nucleosides with 2,6-diaminopurine, 5- methylcytosine and uracil asbase moiety (1999)

Hexitol nucleic acids (HNAs) with modified bases (5-methylcytosine, 2,6-diaminopurine or uracil) were synthesized. The introduction of the 5-methylcytosine base demonstrates that N-benzoylated 5-methylcytosylhexitol occurs as the imino tautomer. The base pairing systems (G:C Me , U:D, T:D and U:A) obey Watson-Crick rules. Substituting hT for hU, hC Me for hC and hD for hA generally leads to increased duplex stability. In a single case, replacement of hC by hC Me did not result in duplex stabilization. This sequence-specific effect could be explained by the geometry of the model duplex used for carrying out the thermal stability study. Generally, polypurine HNA sequences give more stable duplexes with their RNA complement than polypyrimidine HNA sequences. This observation supports the hypothesis that, besides changes in stacking pattern, the difference in conformational stress between purine and pyrimidine nucleosides may contribute to duplex stability. Introduction of hC Me and hD in HNA sequences further increases the potential of HNA to function as a steric blocking agent.
Two-photon laser-assisted device alteration in silicon integrated-circuits (2013)

Optoelectronic imaging of integrated-circuits has revolutionized device design debug, failure analysis and electrical fault isolation; however modern probing techniques like laser-assisted device alteration (LADA) have failed to keep pace with the semiconductor industry's aggressive device scaling, meaning that previously satisfactory techniques no longer exhibit a sufficient ability to localize electrical faults, instead casting suspicion upon dozens of potential root-cause transistors. Here, we introduce a new high-resolution probing technique, two-photon laser-assisted device alteration (2pLADA), which exploits two-photon absorption (TPA) to provide precise three-dimensional localization of the photo-carriers injected by the TPA process, enabling us to implicate individual transistors separated by 100 nm. Furthermore, we illustrate the technique's capability to reveal speed-limiting transistor switching evolution with an unprecedented timing resolution approaching <10 ps. Together, the exceptional spatial and temporal resolutions demonstrated here now make it possible to extend optical fault localization to sub-14 nm technology nodes.
Observation of parity-induced suppression of Josephson tunneling in the superconducting single electron transistor (1994)

We have measured the supercurrent branch of a superconducting single electron transistor as a function of gate charge, temperature, and magnetic field. At low temperature and magnetic field, the switching current goes from a minimum to a maximum when the gate charge is varied from 0 to e, as expected for an island in the ground state with an even electron number. When the odd electron number ground state becomes populated by an increase of temperature or field, the Josephson tunneling is strongly suppressed, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Efficient second harmonic generation of a diode-laser-pumped CW Nd:YAG laser using monolithic MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ external resonant cavities (1988)

56% efficient external-cavity-resonant second-harmonic generation of a diode-laser pumped, CW single-axial-mode Nd:YAG laser is reported. A theory of external doubling with a resonant fundamental is presented and compared to experimental results for three monolithic cavities of nonlinear MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/. The best conversion efficiency was obtained with a 12.5-mm-long monolithic ring cavity doubler, which produced 29.7 mW of CW, single-axial mode 532-nm radiation from an input of 52.5 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Binary Search Trees of Bounded Balance (1973)

A new class of binary search trees, called trees of bounded balance, is introduced. These trees are easy to maintain in their form despite insertions and deletions of nodes, and the search time is only moderately longer than in completely balanced trees. Trees of bounded balance differ from other classes of binary search trees in that they contain a parameter which can be varied so the compromise between short search time and infrequent restructuring can be chosen arbitrarily.