gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acid Sequences of Cytomegalovirus in Cells Cultured from Human Arterial Tissue (1987)

Journal Article Nucleic Acid Sequences of Cytomegalovirus in Cells Cultured from Human Arterial Tissue Get access B. L. Petrie, B. L. Petrie Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Please address requests for reprints to Dr. B. L. Petrie, Department of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. L. Melnick, J. L. Melnick Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. Adam, E. Adam Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Burek, J. Burek Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. H. McCollum, C. H. McCollum Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. E. DeBakey M. E. DeBakey Department of Virology and Epidemiology and Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 1987, Pages 158–159, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.1.158 Published: 01 January 1987
Evolution of autonomous and semi‐autonomous robotic surgical systems: a review of the literature (2011)

Autonomous and semi-autonomous systems are beginning to emerge in various interventions, automating important steps of the operation. These systems are expected to become standard modality and revolutionize the face of surgery.
Rapid diagnosis of ocular herpes simplex infections. (1995)

These results from humans and rabbits indicate that the Surecell test, which requires no special equipment, can be a useful in office adjunct in the clinical diagnosis of ocular herpes simplex.
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of a thermophilic endocellulase (1993)

One way to improve the economic feasibility of biomass conversion is to enhance the catalytic efficiency of cellulases through protein engineering. This requires that high-resolution structures of cellulases be available. Here we present the structure of E2cd, the catalytic domain of the thermophilic endocellulase E2 from Thermomonospora fusca, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement at 2.6-A resolution and has been refined at 1.8-A resolution to an R-value of 18.4% for all reflections between 10- and 1.8-A resolution. The fold of E2cd is based on an unusual parallel beta-barrel and is equivalent to the fold determined for the catalytic domain of cellobiohydrolase II, an exocellulase from Trichoderma reesei [Rouvinen et al. (1990) Science 249, 380-385]. The active site cleft of the enzyme, approximately 11 A deep and running the entire length of the molecule, is seen to be completely free for ligand binding in the crystal. A 2.2-A resolution analysis of crystals of E2cd complexed with cellobiose, an inhibitor, shows how cellobiose binds in the active site and interacts with several residues which line the cleft. Catalytic roles are suggested for three aspartic acid residues at the active site. A comparison of the E2cd and CBHIIcd structures reveals a large difference in their active site accessibilities and supports the hypothesis that the main difference between endo- and exocellulases is the degree to which their active sites are accessible to substrate.
Cold agglutinins in infectious mononucleosis and heterophil-antibody- negative mononucleosis-like syndromes (1977)

Abstract Cold agglutinins (CA) were evaluated prospectively in patients with various mononucleosis syndromes and in a large control group. Cold agglutinins with anti-i specificity were seen mainly in heterophil- positive or -negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (31.8% of cases). Unclassified CA with equal reactivity against cord and adult erythrocytes were seen in 56 of 150 (37.3%) cases of heterophil-antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis (IM), in 1 of 7 (14.3%) cases of heterophil-negative EBV-induced IM, and in 12 of 31 (38.7%) cases of the heterophil-negative mononucleosis-like syndrome due to cytomegalovirus or other unspecified agents. One patient with heterophil-positive IM had a persistent, partially papain sensitive CA with anti-Pr-like activity. Anti-i CA were seen in less than 1.0% of healthy young adults (500) or patients without mononucleosis (500) submitted for heterophil studies. Unclassified CA were noted in 3.2% of the latter 1000 samples.
Trust and electronic commerce-more than a technical problem (2003)

It is argued that the building of trust in electronic commerce depends only partly on technical security, and the knowledge of security gaps and ways of closing them. It is not only a technical system which is trusted but rather a socio-technical system, including users, business practices and related institutions. We take a closer look at the concept of trust and its relation to knowledge, describe the current situation in electronic commerce, and analyse different technical approaches, that aim at providing security, and nontechnical possibilities to enhance security and trust through institutions.
A comparison of propofol with other injectable anaesthetics in a rat model for measuring cardiovascular parameters (1993)

Prolonged, stable, non-recovery anaesthesia is required for the assessment of the effects of novel compounds on the cardiovascular system. A comparison of injectable anaesthetic agents and combinations (thiobarbital, fentanyl-fluanisone and midazolam, propofol, fentanyl-fluanisone and propofol, and alphaxalone/alphadolone) was made in laboratory rats and the following parameters assessed over 3 h: blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, respiration rate and depth, analgesia, ease of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. It was found that propofol, with fentanyl-fluanisone premedication, provided stress-free induction, easily controlled anaesthesia, good analgesia and muscle relaxation for surgery, for up to 3 h duration. Heart rate, blood pressure and respiration remained stable and within normal limits during this time. The other anaesthetics/combinations assessed did not rate as highly in these respects. Propofol, following fentanyl-fluanisone premedication, would appear to be a useful and safe anaesthetic for use in rodents, which avoids significant effects on heart rate or blood pressure.
JAK2V617F expression in murine hematopoietic cells leads to MPD mimicking human PV with secondary myelofibrosis (2006)

A JAK2(V617F) mutation is frequently found in several BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative disorders. To address the contribution of this mutant to the pathogenesis of these different myeloproliferative disorders, we used an adoptive transfer of marrow cells transduced with a retrovirus expressing JAK2(V617F) in recipient irradiated mice. Hosts were analyzed during the 6 months after transplantation. For a period of 3 months, mice developed polycythemia, macrocytosis and usually peripheral blood granulocytosis. Transient thrombocytosis was only observed in a low-expresser group. All mice displayed trilineage hyperplasia in marrow and spleen along with an amplification of myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells and a formation of endogenous erythroid colonies. After 3 to 4 months, polycythemia regressed, abnormally shaped red blood cells and platelets were seen in circulation, and a deposition of reticulin fibers was observed in marrow and spleen. Development of fibrosis was associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia, high neutrophilia, and massive splenomegaly. These features mimic human polycythemia vera and its evolution toward myelofibrosis. This work demonstrates that JAK2(V617F) is sufficient for polycythemia and fibrosis development and offers an in vivo model to assess novel therapeutic approaches for JAK2(V617F)-positive pathologies. Questions remain regarding the exact contribution of JAK2(V617F) in other myeloproliferative disorders.
A Role for Sphingolipids in Producing the Common Features of Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome X, and Cushing’s Syndrome (2005)

Metabolic syndrome X and type 2 diabetes share many metabolic and morphological similarities with Cushing's syndrome, a rare disorder caused by systemic glucocorticoid excess. Pathologies frequently associated with these diseases include insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, susceptibility to infection, poor wound healing, and hypertension. The similarity of the clinical profiles associated with these disorders suggests the influence of a common molecular mechanism for disease onset. Interestingly, numerous studies identify ceramides and other sphingolipids as potential contributors to these sequelae. Herein we review studies demonstrating that aberrant ceramide accumulation contributes to the development of the deleterious clinical manifestations associated with these diseases.
Oligomeric and Conformational Properties of a Proteolytically Mature, Disulfide-Stabilized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp140 Envelope Glycoprotein (2002)

We describe the further properties of a protein, designated SOS gp140, wherein the association of the gp120 and gp41 subunits of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein is stabilized by an intersubunit disulfide bond. HIV-1(JR-FL) SOS gp140, proteolytically uncleaved gp140 (gp140(UNC)), and gp120 were expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells and analyzed for antigenic and structural properties before and after purification. Compared with gp140(UNC), SOS gp140 reacted more strongly in surface plasmon resonance and radioimmunoprecipitation assays with the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2G12 (anti-gp120), 2F5 (anti-gp41), and 17b (to a CD4-induced epitope that overlaps the CCR5-binding site). In contrast, gp140(UNC) displayed the greater reactivity with nonneutralizing anti-gp120 and anti-gp41 MAbs. Immunoelectron microscopy studies suggested a model for SOS gp140 wherein the gp41 ectodomain (gp41(ECTO)) occludes the "nonneutralizing" face of gp120, consistent with the antigenic properties of this protein. We also report the application of Blue Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), a high-resolution molecular sizing method, to the study of viral envelope proteins. BN-PAGE and other biophysical studies demonstrated that SOS gp140 was monomeric, whereas gp140(UNC) comprised a mixture of noncovalently associated and disulfide-linked dimers, trimers, and tetramers. The oligomeric and conformational properties of SOS gp140 and gp140(UNC) were largely unaffected by purification. An uncleaved gp140 protein containing the SOS cysteine mutations (SOS gp140(UNC)) was also oligomeric. Surprisingly, variable-loop-deleted SOS gp140 proteins were expressed (although not yet purified) as cleaved, noncovalently associated oligomers that were significantly more stable than the full-length protein. Overall, our findings have relevance for rational vaccine design.
Cytokine Expression in the Epidural Space (2012)

In this model of acute noncompressive disc herniation, NP caused the elevation of epidural IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ--all attenuated by IFN-γ blockade. IL-1β and IL-10 were both significantly elevated by saline alone and their response was not prevented by IFN-γ blockade. This model may prove useful for the study of the biochemical processes by which NP induces inflammation-induced nerve root irritation and radiculopathic pain.
Epithelium, contractile tone, and responses to relaxing agonists in canine bronchi (1990)

Experiments were conducted in canine bronchi to determine whether the effect of epithelium removal on relaxations was affected by the contractile agent used to induce active force and the degree of contraction. Pairs of fourth-order bronchi with and without epithelium were suspended in organ chambers in physiological salt solution (95% O2-5% CO2, 37 degrees C). The bronchi were contracted to the concentration of acetylcholine or 5-hydroxytryptamine that resulted in a contraction that was 40 or 80% of the response to 10(-4) M of the agonist (ED40 or ED80). Epithelium removal reduced relaxations to isoproterenol and sodium nitroprusside during contraction to the ED80 but not the ED40 of acetylcholine. Responses to forskolin were not affected. Bronchi were significantly more sensitive to relaxing agonists in the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine; there was no effect on epithelium removal or level of contraction. Thus 1) the influence of epithelium on bronchial relaxation is greatest during high degrees of cholinergic tone and 2) experimental conditions influence the effect of epithelium removal on relaxation.
In vitro expression analysis of mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase: Linking genotype to phenotype and structure to function (1998)

Mutations in the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) altering the expressed cDNA nucleotide sequence (GenBank U49897) can impair activity of the corresponding enzyme product (hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH) and cause hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), a metabolic phenotype for which the major disease form is phenylketonuria (PKU; OMIM 261600). In vitro expression analysis of inherited human mutations in eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and cell-free systems is informative about the mechanisms of mutation effects on enzymatic activity and their predicted effect on the metabolic phenotype. Corresponding analysis of site-directed mutations in rat Pah cDNA has assigned critical functional roles to individual amino acid residues within the best understood species of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Data on in vitro expression of 35 inherited human mutations and 22 created rat mutations are reviewed here. The core data are accessible at the PAH Mutation Analysis Consortium Web site (http://www.mcgill.ca/pahdb).
The Retinoids and Cancer Prevention Mechanisms (2000)

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process that converts normal cells into malignant cells. Once transformed, malignant cells acquire the ability to invade and metastasize, leading to clinically evident disease. During this continuum from normal to metastatic cells, carcinogenic steps can be arrested or reversed through pharmacological treatments, known as cancer chemoprevention. Chemoprevention strategies represent therapeutic interventions at early stages of carcinogenesis, before the onset of invasive cancer. Effective chemoprevention should reduce or avoid the clinical consequences of overt malignancies by treating early neoplastic lesions before development of clinically apparent signs or symptoms. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological data provide considerable support for cancer chemoprevention as an attractive therapeutic strategy. This clinical approach was validated in the recent tamoxifen randomized trial, demonstrating that a selective estrogen receptor modulator reduces the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk for this malignancy. Derivatives of vitamin A, the retinoids, have reported activity in treating specific premalignant lesions and reducing incidence of second primary tumors in patients with prior head and neck, lung or liver cancers. Whether the retinoids will prevent primary cancers at these sites is not yet known. Notably, a carotenoid (beta-carotene) was shown as inactive in primary prevention of lung cancers in high-risk individuals. This underscores the need for relevant in vitro models to identify pathways signaling chemopreventive effects. These models should assess the activity of candidate chemoprevention agents before the conduct of large and costly prevention trials. An improved understanding of cancer prevention mechanisms should aid in the discovery of new therapeutic targets and chemoprevention agents. Ideally, these agents should have tolerable clinical toxicities suitable for chronic administration to individuals at high risk for developing primary or second cancers. This article reviews what is now known from clinical and preclinical studies about the retinoids as cancer prevention agents.
Nontarget Vision Sensor for Remote Measurement of Bridge Dynamic Response (2015)

Displacements of railroad bridges under trainloads need to be closely monitored, but conventional displacement sensors have limitations for use in the field. This paper presents a new vision-based sensor system developed for remote measurement of structural dynamic displacements without requiring a specially installed target-marker panel. By implementing a robust object-search algorithm, the displacement can be accurately measured by tracking existing bridge surface features from a remote distance. The accuracy of measured dynamic displacements was first evaluated using a shaking table test. Then field tests were carried out on two railroad bridges subjected to freight trainloads traveling at various speeds. Measurements were taken remotely during the daytime and also at night from different distances with and without a target panel. Through comparison with a conventional contact-type displacement sensor, the high accuracy of the proposed nontarget remote-sensor system was demonstrated in the realistic field environments. From the measured displacement time histories, frequency-domain characteristics associated with the train–bridge systems were further analyzed, confirming the capability of the vision system in measuring high-frequency components. By targeting existing features on a structure without requiring a target panel installed on a fixed location of the structure, the vision sensor system developed in this study provides the flexibility to easily change displacement measurement locations, in addition to other advantages, such as easy setup and no need to access the structure.
Cellulose-Binding Domains: Classification and Properties (1996)

More than one hundred and twenty cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) are classified into ten families (I-X). Three families (V, VII and VII) contain only single representatives. Two of the larger families (II and III) can be divided into distinct subfamilies. Most of the CBDs are from cellulases and xylanases but some are from other hydrolases or from non-catalytic proteins. Family I CBDs are all from fungi. With the exception of families VI and XIII, the remaining the families contain only representatives from bacteria. CBDs are found at the N or C termini of proteins or are internal. Representatives of certain families show a tendency to occur at terminal or internal positions and to be associated with representatives of particular catalytic domain families. Possible relationships between the the classification scheme and the functional properties of the CBDs are discussed.
Oxidation of Platinum Nickel Nanowires to Improve Durability of Oxygen-Reducing Electrocatalysts (2016)

In this study, the impact of heat treating platinum-coated nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires in oxygen is examined to determine the effect on oxygen reduction (ORR) activity and durability. Pt-Ni nanowires exhibit promising ORR mass activities (3 times greater than Pt nanoparticles, 1.5 times greater than U.S. Department of Energy target) both before and after potential cycling for all but the highest annealing temperatures explored. The annealing of Pt-Ni nanowires in oxygen with increasing temperature is found to reduce surface area and ORR activity in comparison to the untreated material, but also reduces activity losses following durability testing. Following potential cycling, unannealed Pt-Ni nanowires show significant losses in surface area (23%) and specific activity (18%) while Pt-Ni nanowires annealed at 200°C show modest increases in surface area (2%) and specific activity (6%) after potential cycling. Increasing annealing temperatures also show a clear trend of decreasing Ni dissolution rates. While oxygen annealing has shown the ability to improve durability of Pt-Ni nanowires, significant Ni dissolution was observed in all samples and suggests oxide passivation while showing promise for improved durability, when employed by itself is insufficient to prevent all contamination concerns involving Ni dissolution.
EL APROVECHAMIENTO HIDRAULICO DE CASILLAS (2000)

Casillas es una dehesa extremena de tamano mediano, con un hermoso palacio con planta baja, piso y desvan construido a finales del siglo XV o principios del XVI por una familia noble de la confianza de los Reyes Catolicos. Esta situada cerca de Trujillo, a orillas de la carretera a Monroy desde la que enlaza directamente Trujillo con Plasencia. En 1835 la adquirio D. Andres Secos Vargas y, pocos anos despues, la amplio comprando una cerca grande llamada de la Cabrera o del Lavadero, este ultimo nombre debido a que habia un lavadero de lanas en el arroyo que por ella corre. Quiza el lavadero dio la idea o puede que se debiese tan solo al buen caudal del arroyo, hoy conocido como Arroyo de Casillas, afluente del Arroyo de las Canteras, que va a dar directamente al rio Magasca, pero el caso es que el Sr. Secos Vargas encar-go a su cunado D. Gaspar Nunez Castilla, Ingeniero Industrial de la Cuarta Promocion (1859), que estudio en el Real Instituto Industrial, de especialidad Mecanica, el proyecto y ejecucion del aprovechamiento hidraulico a que nos referimos. Este encargo debio tener lugar en 187/6 o 1877 y las obras, que comenzaron en 1879, se debieron prolongar hasta 1890 0 1891. El aprovechamiento, realizado sin concesion del Estado (entonces esas aguas, que no eran de rio, eran privadas) consiste basicamente en la realizacion de una presa de gravedad, de unos 7 ni de altura en el punto mas alto y de fuerte longitud, atravesando el valle, bastante rendido, de lado a lado, con lo que se anegan 7 ha cuando esta lleno y se embalsan 250.000 m3 de agua, que se utilizaba en tres molinos en cascada aprovechando un salto total de unos 20 m.
Acquisition of full effector function in vitro paradoxically impairs the in vivo antitumor efficacy of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells (2005)

T cell differentiation is a progressive process characterized by phenotypic and functional changes. By transferring tumor-specific CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice at various stages of differentiation, we evaluated their efficacy for adoptive immunotherapy. We found that administration of naive and early effector T cells, in combination with active immunization and IL-2, resulted in the eradication of large, established tumors. Despite enhanced in vitro antitumor properties, more-differentiated effector T cells were less effective for in vivo tumor treatment. Several events may underlie this paradoxical phenomenon: (a) downregulation of lymphoid-homing and costimulatory molecules; (b) inability to produce IL-2 and access homeostatic cytokines; and (c) entry into a proapoptotic and replicative senescent state. While the progressive acquisition of terminal effector properties is characterized by pronounced in vitro tumor killing, in vivo T cell activation, proliferation, and survival are progressively impaired. These findings suggest that the current methodology for selecting T cells for transfer is inadequate and provide new criteria for the generation and the screening of optimal lymphocyte populations for adoptive immunotherapy.