gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PHOTOINACTIVATION OF CATALASE (1981)

— Inactivation of catalase with visible light (>400nm) has been studied in purified bovine liver catalase and in peroxisomal catalase in the mitochondrial fraction of rat liver. Light corresponding to that of maximal absorbance of the heme site (405 nm) was most effective in inactivation. Although photoinactivation is O2 dependent, scavengers of OH radical, 1O2 and O−2 did not protect against loss of activity in either system. Superoxide dismutase partially protected purified catalase added into the mitochondrial fraction system. However, complete protection of catalase was afforded by low concentrations of substrates such as formic acid or methanol which rapidly convert Compound I to Ferricatalase.
A highly sensitive method for the detection of p16 methylation in the serum of colorectal cancer patients. (2007)

The high sensitivity of LD-MSP makes it possible to detect smaller amounts of tumor DNA in the serum than conventional MSP. This technique also has great specificity and no abnormal methylation in serum has yet been observed if the corresponding tumor does not exhibit methylation. This observation supports the idea that LD-MSP could be applied in clinical use for the detection of tumor DNA in serum.
Bacterial morphinone reductase is related to Old Yellow Enzyme (1995)

Morphinone reductase, produced by Pseudomonas putida M10, catalyses the NADH-dependent saturation of the carbon-carbon double bond of morphinone and codeinone, and is believed to be involved in the metabolism of morphine and codeine. The structural gene encoding morphinone reductase, designated morB, was cloned from Ps. putida M10 genomic DNA by the use of degenerate oligonucleotide probes based on elements of the amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme. Sequence analysis and structural characteristics indicated that morphinone reductase is related to the flavoprotein alpha/beta-barrel oxidoreductases, and is particularly similar to Old Yellow Enzyme of Saccharomyces spp. and the related oestrogen-binding protein of Candida albicans. Expressed sequence tags from several plant species show high homology to these enzymes, suggesting the presence of a family of enzymes conserved in plants and fungi. Although related bacterial proteins are known, morphinone reductase appears to be more similar to the eukaryotic proteins. Morphinone reductase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and has potential applications for the industrial preparation of semisynthetic opiates.
Different subsets of T cells in the adult mouse bone marrow and spleen induce or suppress acute graft-versus-host disease (1992)

Fractionation of normal adult mouse spleen and bone marrow cells (C57BL/Ka) was performed by discontinuous Percoll density gradients. The fractionated low density (1.050-1.060 g/ml) C57BL/Ka spleen cells completely suppressed acute lethal graft vs host disease (GVHD) when coinjected with unfractionated C57BL/Ka spleen cells into sublethally irradiated (400 rad) BALB/c mice. In dose response experiments, as few as 0.5 x 10(6) low density cells from the spleen fractions suppressed acute GVHD induced by 2.5 x 10(6) unfractionated allogeneic spleen cells. Although the low density spleen fractions inhibited acute GVHD, the high density (1.075-1.090 g/ml) spleen fractions induced acute GVHD in sublethally irradiated BALB/c recipients. Fractionation of C57BL/Ka bone marrow cells showed that none of the high or low density fractions or unfractionated cells induced lethal GVHD. When these fractions were tested for their capacity to suppress GVHD by coinjection with C57BL/Ka unfractionated spleen cells, all fractions protected the BALB/c recipients. Unfractionated bone marrow cells showed modest protection. Evaluation of the dose response characteristics of the suppressive activity of the low and middle density (1.060-1.068 g/ml) bone marrow cell fraction showed that reproducible protection could be achieved at a 5:1 ratio of inducing to suppressing cells. The low density fractions of both bone marrow and spleen cells had a marked depletion of typical TCR(+)-alpha beta CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and a predominant population of TCR(+)-alpha beta CD4- CD8- T cells. Purified populations of the latter cells suppressed GVHD. Recipients given unfractionated C57BL/Ka spleen cells and protected with low-density bone marrow or spleen cells were chimeras.
Syntheses and reactions of N-aminothiouracils and thiadiazolo[3,2-.ALPHA.]pyrimidinones. (1978)

3-Amino-6-methyluracil and its thio analogs were synthesized. From these thio analogs, 7-methyl-5H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo [3, 2-α] pyrimidin-5-one, its 2-amino and 2- or 5-thio derivatives were prepared. Reflux of thiadiazolopyrimidines with chloroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid led to the ring opening of the thiadiazole moiety to give unexpected 3-amino-6-methyluracil.
Production of Human Beta Interferon in Insect Cells Infected with a Baculovirus Expression Vector (1983)

Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) was used as an expression vector for human beta interferon. By using specially constructed plasmids, the protein-coding sequences for interferon were linked to the AcNPV promoter for the gene encoding for polyhedrin, the major occlusion protein. The interferon gene was inserted at various locations relative to the AcNPV polyhedrin transcriptional and translational signals, and the interferon-polyhedrin hybrid genes were transferred to infectious AcNPV expression vectors. Biologically active interferon was produced, and greater than 95% was secreted from infected insect cells. A maximum of ca. 5 X 10(6) U of interferon activity was produced by 10(6) infected cells. These results demonstrate that AcNPV should be suitable for use as a eucaryotic expression vector for the production of products from cloned genes.
The effects of lebrikizumab in patients with mild asthma following whole lung allergen challenge (2013)

Lebrikizumab reduced the LAR in subjects with mild asthma. Clinical trial number NCT00781443.
Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Sensing and Imaging:  Sensitivity of Plasmon Response to Size, Shape, and Metal Composition (2006)

Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have great potential for chemical and biological sensor applications, due to their sensitive spectral response to the local environment of the nanoparticle surface and ease of monitoring the light signal due to their strong scattering or absorption. In this work, we investigated the dependence of the sensitivity of the surface plasmon resonance (frequency and bandwidth) response to changes in their surrounding environment and the relative contribution of optical scattering to the total extinction, on the size and shape of nanorods and the type of metal, that is, Au vs Ag. Theoretical consideration on the surface plasmon resonance condition revealed that the spectral sensitivity, defined as the relative shift in resonance wavelength with respect to the refractive index change of surrounding materials, has two controlling factors: first the bulk plasma wavelength, a property dependent on the metal type, and second on the aspect ratio of the nanorods which is a geometrical parameter. It is found that the sensitivity is linearly proportional to both these factors. To quantitatively examine the dependence of the spectral sensitivity on the nanorod metal composition and the aspect ratio, the discrete dipole approximation method was used for the calculation of optical spectra of Ag-Au alloy metal nanorods as a function of Ag concentration. It is observed that the sensitivity does not depend on the type of the metal but depends largely on the aspect ratio of nanorods. The direct dependence of the sensitivity on the aspect ratio becomes more prominent as the size of nanorods becomes larger. However, the use of larger nanoparticles may induce an excessive broadening of the resonance spectrum due to an increase in the contribution of multipolar excitations. This restricts the sensing resolution. The insensitivity of the plasmon response to the metal composition is attributable to the fact that the bulk plasma frequency of the metal, which determines the spectral dispersion of the real dielectric function of metals and the surface plasmon resonance condition, has a similar value for the noble metals. On the other hand, nanorods with higher Ag concentration show a great enhancement in magnitude and sharpness of the plasmon resonance band, which gives better sensing resolution despite similar plasmon response. Furthermore, Ag nanorods have an additional advantage as better scatterers compared with Au nanorods of the same size.
Cytomegalovirus Vaccines (2013)

An effective cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine could prevent the majority of birth defects caused by congenital CMV infections. Candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation include live attenuated, protein subunit, DNA, and viral-vectored approaches. Subunit approaches have focused on the CMV proteins pp65 and IE1 as important inducers of cytotoxic T cells and glycoprotein B (gB) as an important inducer of neutralizing antibodies. A vaccine comprised of recombinant gB protein with MF59 adjuvant reduced the incidence of primary infection by 50%. Recent revelations regarding CMV entry pathways into different cell types suggest a possible course for improvement. A 5-subunit pentameric complex is uniquely required for endothelial and epithelial cell entry. Sera from naturally infected subjects contain high-potency neutralizing activities specific for this complex, whereas the gB/MF59 vaccine fails to induce comparable neutralizing activities. A vaccine's ability to induce salivary antibodies that neutralize epithelial cell entry may be especially important for preventing oral transmission as the first cells infected are presumably epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. In addition, recent evidence suggests that antibodies can inhibit postentry CMV spread between endothelial and epithelial cells. Such activities may serve to limit viral replication in tissues or impair dissemination to the placenta and fetus. Thus, inclusion of epitopes derived from the pentameric complex may provide enhanced efficacy by inducing potent neutralizing/spread-inhibiting antibodies that target virus replication in a broad spectrum of cell types. Next-generation vaccine candidates in preclinical development incorporate peptides, subunits, or multisubunit complexes representing parts or all of the pentameric complex. Approaches include peptides, recombinant proteins, DNA, replication-defective viral vectors, genetically disabled CMV, and inactivated CMV virions. The diversity of novel strategies under development engenders optimism that a successful candidate will emerge.
Implantation of the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD): Practical Aspects (1986)

Most patients who are resuscitated from an episode of sudden cardiac death or one of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) can now be treated using serial electrophysiologic testing as a guide to drug therapy. Recurrence rates are low if an antiarrhythmic regimen can be found which prevents induction of VT. Patients failing serial drug testing have a high recurrence rate (approximately 50%/year). Most clinicians now refer such patients for either experimental antiarrhythmic therapy or electrical intervention. The most promising of the electrical interventions (including tachycardia converting pacemakers and intraoperative mapping) has been the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD). Only recently has the AICD been released from investigative status by the Food and Drug Administration. It can be implanted safely and with favorable clinical outcome if the techniques of implantation are well understood and used often. The text incorporates the authors' experience in implanting nearly 200 devices and is intended as a practical guide to the use of the AICD.
Tunable Smart Surface of Gold Nanoparticles Achieved by Light‐Controlled Molecular Recognition Effection (2007)

Abstract Thermosensitive poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by self‐assembly of the azobenzene‐terminated PNIPAm on the surface of the α ‐cyclodextrin ( α ‐CD)‐capped AuNPs via the host–guest molecular recognition between α ‐CD and azobenzene. Reversible attachment–detachment of azobenzene‐terminated PNIPAm on the surface of α ‐CD‐capped AuNPs was achieved when subjected to visible and UV light irradiation alternately, which endowed thermosensitive AuNPs with tunable smart properties. magnified image
Dexamethasone Inner Ear Perfusion by Intratympanic Injection in Unilateral Ménière's Disease: A Two‐year Prospective, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐blind, Randomized Trial (2005)

Dexamethasone (4 mg/mL) inner ear perfusion in a group of patients with unilateral Ménière's disease (Shea's stage III) showed 82% of complete control of vertigo over placebo (57%). There was also a subjective improvement in tinnitus (48%), hearing loss (35%), and aural fullness (48%) in the dexamethasone group compared with 20%, 10%, and 20% respectively in the control group.
Development of a Selective Culture Medium for Primary Isolation of the Main Brucella Species (2011)

Bacteriological diagnosis of brucellosis is performed by culturing animal samples directly on both Farrell medium (FM) and modified Thayer-Martin medium (mTM). However, despite inhibiting most contaminating microorganisms, FM also inhibits the growth of Brucella ovis and some B. melitensis and B. abortus strains. In contrast, mTM is adequate for growth of all Brucella species but only partially inhibitory for contaminants. Moreover, the performance of both culture media for isolating B. suis has never been established properly. We first determined the performance of both media for B. suis isolation, proving that FM significantly inhibits B. suis growth. We also determined the susceptibility of B. suis to the antibiotics contained in both selective media, proving that nalidixic acid and bacitracin are highly inhibitory, thus explaining the reduced performance of FM for B. suis isolation. Based on these results, a new selective medium (CITA) containing vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, nitrofurantoin, and amphotericin B was tested for isolation of the main Brucella species, including B. suis. CITA's performance was evaluated using reference contaminant strains but also field samples taken from brucella-infected animals or animals suspected of infection. CITA inhibited most contaminant microorganisms but allowed the growth of all Brucella species, to levels similar to those for both the control medium without antibiotics and mTM. Moreover, CITA medium was more sensitive than both mTM and FM for isolating all Brucella species from field samples. Altogether, these results demonstrate the adequate performance of CITA medium for the primary isolation of the main Brucella species, including B. suis.
Stability of anterior openbite treated with crib therapy. (1990)

The records of 33 openbite patients treated with cribs were collected. The sample was divided into two groups with group one comprised of 26 growing patients and group two comprised of seven nongrowing patients. There was a significant increase in overbite for both groups during treatment. The nongrowing group also showed a significant increase in overbite during the posttreatment period. During the posttreatment time interval 17.4 percent of the growing sample and zero percent of the nongrowing sample exhibited relapse. However, all patients who achieved a positive overbite during treatment maintained a positive overbite posttreatment. These findings suggest that patients who achieve a positive overbite with crib therapy have a good chance of maintaining this correction after orthodontic treatment is completed. This statement appears to be true for both growing and nongrowing patients. The reason for this increased stability may be due to a modification of tongue position or posture.
Internal amino acid sequence analysis of proteins separated by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after in situ protease digestion on nitrocellulose. (1987)

We have developed a general two-step method for obtaining peptide fragments for sequence analysis from picomole quantities of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. After separation by one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins are electrophoretically transferred (electroblotted) onto nitrocellulose, the protein-containing regions are detected by reversible staining and are cut out, and each protein is digested in situ by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin or staphylococcal V-8 protease. The resulting peptide fragments are separated by narrow-bore reverse-phase HPLC, collected, and sequenced in a gas-phase sequenator. Excellent peptide recoveries and the absence of extraneous contaminants in the separation of the peptide fragment mixture allow the generation of extensive internal sequence information from picomole amounts of protein. The method thus overcomes the problem of obtaining amino acid sequence data from N-terminally blocked proteins and provides multiple, independent stretches of sequence that can be used to generate oligonucleotide probes for molecular cloning and/or used to search sequence data bases for related proteins. This method has been successfully applied to the routine amino acid sequence analysis of a wide range of proteins isolated from one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.
Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity (1999)

In addition to their role in peptide antigen presentation, class I MHC proteins also play a critical role in inhibiting natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity through interaction with NK inhibitory receptors. Thus, NK cells are cytotoxic to virus-infected and tumor cells that have lost class I MHC protein expression. However, the nature of the receptors involved in the triggering of lysis of target cells is poorly understood. CD16 (Fcgamma receptor III) has been described as a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. However, we show here that CD16 has a broader function and is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells, independent of antibody binding. The presence of a putative CD16 ligand on appropriate target cells has also been demonstrated by the use of a CD16-Ig fusion protein.
Mice deficient for CD137 ligand are predisposed to develop germinal center–derived B-cell lymphoma (2009)

In the germinal center (GC), B cells proliferate dramatically and diversify their immunoglobulin genes, which increases the risk of malignant transformation. The GC B-cell reaction relies on crosstalk with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), to which the costimulatory receptor CD137 on FDCs and its ligand on GC B cells potentially contribute. We report that mice deficient for CD137 ligand (CD137L) are predisposed to develop B-cell lymphoma, with an incidence of approximately 60% at 12 months of age. Lymphoma membrane markers were characteristic of GC B cells. Longitudinal histologic analysis identified the GC as site of oncogenic transformation and classified 85% of the malignancies found in approximately 200 mice as GC-derived B-cell lymphoma. To delineate the mechanism underlying lymphomagenesis, gene expression profiles of wild-type and CD137L-deficient GC B cells were compared. CD137L deficiency was associated with enhanced expression of a limited gene set that included Bcl-10 and the GC response regulators Bcl-6, Spi-B, Elf-1, Bach2, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Among these are proto-oncogenes that mediate GC B-cell lymphoma development in humans. We conclude that CD137L ordinarily regulates the GC B-cell response and thereby acts as a tumor suppressor.
A Sleep Laboratory Evaluation of an Automatic Positive Airway Pressure System for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1998)

APAP appears to be as effective as CPAP in treating OSA patients. APAP delivers the same level of therapy as CPAP, but it reduces the average airway pressure while providing needed peak pressures.
Text to 3D Scene Generation with Rich Lexical Grounding (2015)

The ability to map descriptions of scenes to 3D geometric representations has many applications in areas such as art, education, and robotics. However, prior work on the text to 3D scene generation task has used manually specified object categories and language that identifies them. We introduce a dataset of 3D scenes annotated with natural language descriptions and learn from this data how to ground textual descriptions to physical objects. Our method successfully grounds a variety of lexical terms to concrete referents, and we show quantitatively that our method improves 3D scene generation over previous work using purely rule-based methods. We evaluate the fidelity and plausibility of 3D scenes generated with our grounding approach through human judgments. To ease evaluation on this task, we also introduce an automated metric that strongly correlates with human judgments.
Low-dose amitriptyline as an adjunct to opioids for postoperative orthopedic pain: A placebo-controlled trial (1993)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been found to be useful in the management of a variety of chronic pain conditions, although there is little published regarding the potential efficacy of this class of drug as an adjunct for the control of acute postoperative pain and related symptoms. Twenty-eight patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty completed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial of 50 mg of amitriptyline p.o. HS on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3 while using patient-controlled morphine or meperidine analgesia (PCA). Visual analog (VAS) and numerical verbal (NVS) pain ratings, sedation scores, sleep quantity/quality scores, and sense of well-being scores were assessed twice daily on each of the days succeeding amitriptyline/placebo use. Hourly opioid use was recorded and transcribed from the memory of the PCA devices in use. Mean scores in the amitriptyline group for pain NVS were greater (P < 0.05) (higher score = greater pain) on day 1 and greater on day 2 for the pain VAS. Mean scores for sense of well-being were greater (P < 0.05) (higher score = better sense of well-being) for the placebo group on days 1 and 2. On days 2 and 3, sleep scale variable mean scores were worse in the placebo group (P < 0.025). There were no other statistically significant differences between the control and active drug groups for any of the outcome variables measured. We conclude that amitriptyline at the dose prescribed is no different than placebo in altering the majority of postoperative symptom variables studied in the sample study population but caused no significant adverse effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)