gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing of the beta subunit of a human T-cell antigen receptor. (1984)

To obtain information about the structural basis for T-cell antigen recognition, a T3-associated Ti receptor molecule was isolated from crude membranes of the REX human thymic tumor line and purified by affinity chromatography with an anti- clonotypic monoclonal antibody in conjunction with preparative gel electrophoresis. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing of the beta subunit unambiguously identified the amino acids in positions 2-12. Comparative protein sequence analysis by computer search demonstrated that this Ti beta sequence bore weak, but definite, homology to the first framework of the variable region of human lambda light chain. Anti-sera to a synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 2-11 precipitated the denatured Ti beta subunit from REX, thus confirming the above sequence. This information suggests that the Ti beta subunit is distantly related to human immunoglobulin lambda light chain and, moreover, should be of use in the molecular cloning of the Ti beta gene.
Capacity bounds for Cooperative diversity (2006)

In a cooperative diversity network, users cooperate to transmit each others' messages; to some extent nodes therefore collectively act as an antenna array and create a virtual or distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. In this paper, upper and lower bounds for the information-theoretic capacity of four-node ad hoc networks with two transmitters and two receivers using cooperative diversity are derived. One of the gains in a true MIMO system is a multiplexing gain in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, an extra factor in front of the log in the capacity expression. It is shown that cooperative diversity gives no such multiplexing gain, but it does give a high SNR additive gain, which is characterized in the paper
Mechanisms of Selective Vascular Changes Caused by Dye Lasers (1983)

On the basis of models describing optical and thermal transfer in tissue, it has been shown that unfocused, pulsed 577-nm laser irradiation of human skin selectively damages microvessels with little or no direct damage to other tissue structures such as the epidermis. This is in sharp contrast to the histologically nonselective necrosis induced by continuous lasers, in which essentially all structures near the site of exposure are damaged. We report here preliminary data in an animal model regarding mechanisms by which tunable dye lasers selectively alter blood and microvasculature. Irradiations of the hamster cheek pouch were used for direct microscopic observations of immediate changes in vessel integrity and morphology, and in the appearance and flow of blood. In 20- to 100-micron-diameter vessels, a sequence of brown discoloration and viscidification of blood, transient hemostasis, permanent hemostasis, and hemorrhage were observed with increasing exposure doses.
The human respiratory gate (2003)

Respiratory activity phasically alters membrane potentials of preganglionic vagal and sympathetic motoneurones and continuously modulates their responsiveness to stimulatory inputs. The most obvious manifestation of this 'respiratory gating' is respiratory sinus arrhythmia, the rhythmic fluctuations of electrocardiographic R-R intervals observed in healthy resting humans. Phasic autonomic motoneurone firing, reflecting the throughput of the system, depends importantly on the intensity of stimulatory inputs, such that when levels of stimulation are low (as with high arterial pressure and sympathetic activity, or low arterial pressure and vagal activity), respiratory fluctuations of sympathetic or vagal firing are also low. The respiratory gate has a finite capacity, and high levels of stimulation override the ability of respiration to gate autonomic responsiveness. Autonomic throughput also depends importantly on other factors, including especially, the frequency of breathing, the rate at which the gate opens and closes. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is small at rapid, and large at slow breathing rates. The strong correlation between systolic pressure and R-R intervals at respiratory frequencies reflects the influence of respiration on these two measures, rather than arterial baroreflex physiology. A wide range of evidence suggests that respiratory activity gates the timing of autonomic motoneurone firing, but does not influence its tonic level. I propose that the most enduring significance of respiratory gating is its use as a precisely controlled experimental tool to tease out and better understand otherwise inaccessible human autonomic neurophysiological mechanisms.
Effect of Valine on Facilitated Olefin Transport Membranes (2003)

A remarkable seperation performance of olefin/paraffin mixtures has been observed through facilitated olefin transport membranes consisting of silver ions dissolved in polymer matrices. In this research, valine, an amino acid, was introduced in poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)(POZ)/AgBF4 membranes to increase the separation performance. FT-IR spectra show that the cationic sites(-NH3+) of valine interact with the counter anion of the silver salt, resulting in the enhanced activity of the silver ions and consequently improved separation performance. Therefore, the POZ/AgBF4 membranes containing valines exhibit the higher permeance as well as the higher selectivity of propylene/propane than those without valine. ; 은염이 함유된 고분자 전해질을 이용한 올리핀 촉진수송 분리막의 고체상에서 높은 올레핀/파라핀 분리 성능을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 프로필렌/프로판 분리 선택도와 투과도의 성능을 향상시키기 위해 아미노산의 일종인 valine을 고분자 전해질막에 첨가하였다. FT-IR 분광학을 통해 valine의 양이온과 은염의 음이온이 상호작용을 하고, 그 결과 valine은 은이온의 활성도를 증가시킴을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 valine을 포함하고 있는 촉진수송 분리막은 valine이 없을 때보다 더 높은 선택도와 투과도를 나타내었다.
Significant Developments in Radioimmune Methods Applied to Delta 9 THC and its 9-Substituted Metabolites (1982)

Novel RIA's have been developed for marijuana detection. Modified simple techniques measure the "acute" metabolites in minute saliva, breath, and dried blood samples. Solid purified antibody matches the sensitivity and yields sensitivity values identical to liquid assays. The importance of the polar 9-substituted metabolites (9SM) of THC in acute users is shown by time course data that indicate their levels remain high in the critical post-intoxication period when delta 9-THC clears from the blood. Therefore a single-tube assay using solid-phase reagents was constructed to quantitate simultaneously delta 9-THC and 9SM. When delta 9-THC values are low or questionable in subject samples, 9SM would appear useful to confirm or refute acute marijuana use.
Policy Distillation (2015)

Policies for complex visual tasks have been successfully learned with deep reinforcement learning, using an approach called deep Q-networks (DQN), but relatively large (task-specific) networks and extensive training are needed to achieve good performance. In this work, we present a novel method called policy distillation that can be used to extract the policy of a reinforcement learning agent and train a new network that performs at the expert level while being dramatically smaller and more efficient. Furthermore, the same method can be used to consolidate multiple task-specific policies into a single policy. We demonstrate these claims using the Atari domain and show that the multi-task distilled agent outperforms the single-task teachers as well as a jointly-trained DQN agent.
Development of the Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ) to identify airflow obstruction (2009)

The five-item LFQ retained sufficient accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in identifying individuals with COPD for further validation testing.
Efeitos antimicrobianos de cetamina em combinação com propofol: Um estudo in vitro (2013)

EXPERIÊNCIA E OBJETIVOS: Cetamina e propofol são os anestésicos gerais que também exibem efeitos antimicrobianos e promotores do crescimento microbiano, respectivamente. Embora esses agentes sejam frequentemente aplicados em combinação durante o uso clínico, não há dados sobre seu efeito total no crescimento microbiano na administração combinada. Nesse estudo, investigamos o crescimento de alguns microrganismos em uma mistura de cetamina e propofol. MÉTODO: Nesse estudo, utilizamos cepas padronizadas: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans. Realizamos uma análise de tempo-crescimento para avaliar as taxas de crescimento microbiano em propofol 1%. A atividade antimicrobiana de cetamina, isoladamente e em propofol, foi estudada pelo método de microdiluição. RESULTADOS: Em propofol, as cepas estudadas cresceram de concentrações de 10³-10(4) ufc/mL para > 10(5) ufc/mL, dentro de 8-16 horas, dependendo do tipo de microrganismo. Foram determinadas a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) (para Candida, concentração fungicida mínima) de cetamina, como se segue (CIM, CBM): E. coli 312,5, 312,5 µg/mL; S.aureus 19,5, 156 µg/mL; P. aeruginosa 312,5, 625 µg/mL; e C. albicans 156, 156 µg/mL. Na mistura cetamina + propofol, cetamina exibiu atividade antimicrobiana para E. coli, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans em CBMs a 1250, 625 e 625 µg/mL, respectivamente. O crescimento de S. aureus não foi inibido nessa mistura (concentração de cetamina = 1250 µg/mL). CONCLUSÃO: Cetamina preservou sua atividade antimicrobiana de maneira dose-dependente contra alguns microrganismos em propofol, que é robusta solução promotora de crescimento microbiano. O uso combinado de cetamina e propofol na aplicação clínica de rotina pode diminuir o risco de infecção causada por contaminação acidental. Entretanto, deve-se ter em mente que cetamina não pode reduzir todas as ameaças patogênicas na mistura com propofol.
Peripheral Markers and Diagnostic Criteria in Alzheimer's Disease: Critical Evaluations (1994)

This review analyzes recent developments in diagnostic criteria and peripheral markers used clinically in the definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), comparing past and current views, together with a discussion of their shortcoming and difficulties of implementation. Consideration is given to studies on the presence of amyloid substances outside the central nervous system: in cerebrospinal fluid, in plasma, in primary cultures, and in continuous cultures of cell lines of neuronal and glial origin. We discuss alterations of cholinesterases and noradrenaline in red blood cells (RBC) in AD and, with relation to the infectious theory, the presence of spirochaetes in patients. The activities of the enzymes leading to the formation of amyloid substances and those reflecting more general alterations of metabolic processes are considered, both in respect to their role in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorders of AD and of their potential use as markers. Enzymatic changes have been studied comparing AD patients with non AD controls as well as with AD relatives: proteases and their inhibitors; plasminogen activators; transketolases; increases in the activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase in AD patients' RBC, serum, fibroblasts and cortical neurons, pointing to alterations in oxidative processes; and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, linked to late-onset AD and familial cases. This review presents reasons why the involvement of peripheral markers in AD should advance from hypothesis to accepted fact.
Dendritic cell vaccination as postremission treatment to prevent or delay relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (2017)

Relapse is a major problem in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adversely affects survival. In this phase 2 study, we investigated the effect of vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) electroporated with Wilms' tumor 1 (<i>WT1</i>) messenger RNA (mRNA) as postremission treatment in 30 patients with AML at very high risk of relapse. There was a demonstrable antileukemic response in 13 patients. Nine patients achieved molecular remission as demonstrated by normalization of <i>WT1</i> transcript levels, 5 of which were sustained after a median follow-up of 109.4 months. Disease stabilization was achieved in 4 other patients. Five-year overall survival (OS) was higher in responders than in nonresponders (53.8% vs 25.0%; <i>P</i> = .01). In patients receiving DCs in first complete remission (CR1), there was a vaccine-induced relapse reduction rate of 25%, and 5-year relapse-free survival was higher in responders than in nonresponders (50% vs 7.7%; <i>P</i> < .0001). In patients age ≤65 and >65 years who received DCs in CR1, 5-year OS was 69.2% and 30.8% respectively, as compared with 51.7% and 18% in the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry. Long-term clinical response was correlated with increased circulating frequencies of polyepitope WT1-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Long-term OS was correlated with interferon-γ<sup>+</sup> and tumor necrosis factor-α<sup>+</sup> WT1-specific responses in delayed-type hypersensitivity-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes. In conclusion, vaccination of patients with AML with <i>WT1</i> mRNA-electroporated DCs can be an effective strategy to prevent or delay relapse after standard chemotherapy, translating into improved OS rates, which are correlated with the induction of WT1-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell response. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00965224.
Amplification Using CHO Cell Expression Vectors (2002)

The ability to select for integration of plasmid DNA into the host chromosome allows the generation of stably transfected cell lines. With transfection of a selectable marker linked to a nonselectable target gene (or by cotransfection of the two unlinked genes), high-level expression of the desired gene is obtained by selecting for amplification of the selectable marker. This unit presents two systems for gene amplification and expression. The first describes the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) selection system while the second is based on selection of the glutamine synthetase (GS) gene. The DHFR system is probably more widely used, and results in very high levels of amplification and expression; however, the DHFR amplification process is lengthy and may require several months to isolate and characterize a stable, amplified line. In contrast, the GS system typically requires only a single round of selection for amplification to achieve maximal expression levels.
Association mapping in plant populations. (2002)

The central problem with any of the approaches for fine mapping is the limited number of meioses that have occurred and (in the case of advanced intercross lines) the cost of propagating lines to allow for a sufficient number of meioses. An alternative approach is 'association mapping', taking advantage of events that created association in the relatively distant past. Assuming many generations, and therefore meioses, have elapsed since these events, recombination will have removed association between a QTL and any marker not tightly linked to it. Association mapping thus allows for much finer mapping than standard biparental cross approaches. In this chapter review, association is first defined quantitatively and the mechanisms that generate it are described. To motivate the discussion of rigorous methods to test for marker association with a quantitative trait allele, a detailed discussion is provided for an example from the plant breeding literature. An analysis frequently used in human genetics to find marker associations with disease susceptibility alleles, the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT), is reviewed. A brief discussion to extend the TDT to quantitative traits and to identify QTL × environment interactions is provided. The recent developments making use of multiple-marker haplotypes to locate QTL and some points concerning the power of association mapping are also discussed.
Metastatic Breast Cancer mimicking Ocular Myaesthenia Gravis (2011)

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) often mimics a cranial nerve palsy or ocular myopathy and localised myasthenia gravis involving the upper eyelid is frequently observed in the Southeast Asia [1]. In a recent survey (unpublished) of one hundred and sixty cases seen in one of our consultant’s neuro-ophthalmology clinic in the Singapore National Eye Centre, there were sixteen (10%) ocular myaesthenia gravis cases seen.
The interaction of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 with plasminogen activators (tissue-type and urokinase-type) and fibrin: localization of interaction sites and physiologic relevance (1991)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an essential regulatory protein of the fibrinolytic system, harbors interaction sites for plasminogen activators (tissue-type [t-PA] and urokinase-type [u-PA]) and for fibrin. In this study, anti-PAI-1 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used to identify interaction sites of PAI-1 with these components. The binding sites of 18 different MoAbs were established and are located on five distinct “linear” areas of PAI-1. MoAbs, binding to two distinct areas of PAI-1, are able to prevent the inhibition of t-PA by PAI-1. In addition, two interaction sites for fibrin were identified on PAI-1. The area located between amino acids 110 and 145 of PAI-1 contains a binding site for both components and its significance is discussed in the context of the t-PA inhibition by fibrin-bound PAI-1. Subsequently, the MoAbs were used to assess the role of platelet-PAI-1 in clot-lysis. An in vitro clot-lysis system was used to demonstrate that clot-lysis resistance is dependent on the presence of activated platelets and that PAI-1 is a major determinant for lysis-resistance. We propose that, upon activation of platelets, PAI-1 is fixed within the clot by binding to fibrin and retains its full capacity to inhibit t-PA and u-PA.
Terahertz waveguides (2000)

Quasi-optical techniques are used to efficiently couple freely propagating pulses of terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation into circular and rectangular metal waveguides. We have observed very dispersive, low-loss propagation over the frequency band from 0.65 to 3.5 THz with typical waveguide cross-section dimensions on the order of 300 µm and lengths of 25 mm. Classical waveguide theory is utilized to calculate the coupling coefficients into the modes of the waveguide for the incoming focused THz beam. It is shown that the linearly polarized incoming THz pulses significantly couple only into the TE11,TE12, and TM11 modes of the circular waveguide and the TE10 and TM12 modes of the rectangular guide. The propagation of the pulse through the guide is described as a linear superposition of the coupled propagating modes, each with a unique complex propagation vector. This picture explains in detail all the observed features of the THz pulse emerging from the waveguide. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that it is possible to achieve TE10 single-mode coupling and propagation in a suitably sized rectangular waveguide for an incoming focused, linearly polarized THz pulse with a bandwidth covering many octaves in frequency and that overlaps more than 35 waveguide modes. Finally, to facilitate the application of these THz waveguides to THz time-domain spectroscopy of various configurations of dielectrics in the waveguide including surface layers, we present analytic results for the absorption and the dispersion of such layers.
Plasticity of Type I Interferon-Mediated Responses in Cancer Therapy: From Anti-tumor Immunity to Resistance (2018)

The efficacy of several therapeutic strategies against cancer, including cytotoxic drugs, radiotherapy, targeted immunotherapies and oncolytic viruses, depend on intact type I interferon (IFN) signaling for the promotion of both direct (tumor cell inhibition) and indirect (anti-tumor immune responses) effects. Malfunctions of this pathway in tumor cells or in immune cells may be responsible for the lack of response or resistance. Although type I IFN signaling is required to trigger anti-tumor immunity, emerging evidence indicates that chronic activation of type I IFN pathway may be involved in mediating resistance to different cancer treatments. The plastic and dynamic features of type I IFN responses should be carefully considered to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of strategies targeting IFN signaling. Here, we review available evidence supporting the involvement of type I IFN signaling in mediating resistance to various cancer therapies and highlight the most promising modalities that are being tested to overcome resistance.
Multiple anticancer effects of blocking MEK-ERK signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma1 (2004)

These data suggest that there are multiple anticancer effects of blocking MEK-ERK signaling, and that these depend on both the susceptibility of the cells and the ability of the treatment to effect a selective block of MEK-ERK signaling in HCC cells.
Primary structure of a putative serine protease specific for IGF‐binding proteins (1996)

From a subtracted cDNA library we have isolated a cDNA clone coding for a novel transformation-sensitive protein which is expressed by human fibroblasts, but not by their matched SV40 transformed counterparts. This protein has a molecular mass of 51 kDa and is highly related to the HtrA family of serine proteases from bacteria. At the N-terminal end, it contains an IGF-binding domain which may modulate the activity of the associated serine protease. Our data are consistent with the assumption that the novel protein represents one of the proteases that regulate the availability of IGFs by cleaving IGF-binding proteins.
Recovery of dynamic scene structure from multiple image sequences (2002)

Despite significant progress in automatic recovery of static scene structure from range images, little effort has been made toward extending these approaches to dynamic scenes. This disparity is in large part due to the lack of range sensors with the high sampling rates needed to accurately capture dynamic scenes. We have developed a system that overcomes this problem by exploiting video cameras, which easily capture images of dynamic scenes, and image-based stereo, which estimates scene structure based on correspondences among the images from different cameras. Our system uses a synchronized multi-camera recording system to capture live video of the scene and a software implementation of image-based stereo to compute range images off-line. By combining this system with multi-image fusion, we created a novel system for dynamic structure recovery, with many applications including telepresence, training, and entertainment. Development of this system has also revealed the potential use effusion as both a multi-view and multi-resolution integration process for stereo.
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial: A Reflective Commentary (1999)

Article Tools SPECIAL ARTICLE Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.5.1632 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 10334553 National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Breast Cancer Prevention Trial: A Reflective Commentary Bernard FisherxBernard FisherSearch for articles by this author Show More From the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Operations and Statistical Centers, Pittsburgh, PA. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.5.1632 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology