gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Custom and Prefabricated Orthoses in the Initial Treatment of Proximal Plantar Fasciitis (1999)

Fifteen centers for orthopaedic treatment of the foot and ankle participated in a prospective randomized trial to compare several nonoperative treatments for proximal plantar fasciitis (heel pain syndrome). Included were 236 patients (160 women and 76 men) who were 16 years of age or older. Most reported duration of symptoms of 6 months or less. Patients with systemic disease, significant musculoskeletal complaints, sciatica, or local nerve entrapment were excluded. We randomized patients prospectively into five different treatment groups. All groups performed Achilles tendon- and plantar fascia-stretching in a similar manner. One group was treated with stretching only. The other four groups stretched and used one of four different shoe inserts, including a silicone heel pad, a felt pad, a rubber heel cup, or a custom-made polypropylene orthotic device. Patients were reevaluated after 8 weeks of treatment. The percentages improved in each group were: (1) silicone insert, 95%; (2) rubber insert, 88%; (3) felt insert, 81%; (4)stretching only, 72%; and (5) custom orthosis, 68%. Combining all the patients who used a prefabricated insert, we found that their improvement rates were higher than those assigned to stretching only (P = 0.022) and those who stretched and used a custom orthosis (P = 0.0074). We conclude that, when used in conjunction with a stretching program, a prefabricated shoe insert is more likely to produce improvement in symptoms as part of the initial treatment of proximal plantar fasciitis than a custom polypropylene orthotic device.
Loss of the spacer loop sequence from the rrnB operon in the Escherichia coli K-12 subline that bears the relA1 mutation (1988)

A polymorphism affecting the spacer region of the rrnB rRNA operon is described. Strains from a major Escherichia coli K-12 subbranch are missing a 106-nucleotide portion of the rrnB 16S-to-23S spacer, and a 20-nucleotide sequence is found in its place. We have called this mutant operon rrnB2. The rrnB2 spacer was most probably derived from either rrnC or rrnE. This alteration of rrnB may have occurred by a recombinational exchange or by gene conversion. In the genealogy of E. coli K-12 strains, the appearance of rrnB2 is associated with the spontaneous occurrence of the first relaxed mutation, but attempts to show a selective relationship between the two mutational events have had negative results. The sequences of the rrnG and rrnC 16S-to-23S spacers have also been determined and their comparisons to the other rrn operons encoding tRNAGlu2 are presented.
Identification and functional characterization of cereblon as a binding protein for large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel in rat brain (2005)

Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels are activated by membrane depolarization and modulated by intracellular Ca2+. Here, we report the direct interaction of cereblon (CRBN) with the cytosolic carboxy-terminus of the BK(Ca) channel alpha subunit (Slo). Rat CRBN contained the N-terminal domain of the Lon protease, a 'regulators of G protein-signaling' (RGS)-like domain, a leucine zipper (LZ) motif, and four putative protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation sites. RNA messages of rat cereblon (rCRBN) were widely distributed in different tissues with especially high-levels of expression in the brain. Direct association of rCRBN with the BK(Ca) channel was confirmed by immunoprecipitation in brain lysate, and the two proteins were co-localized in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Ionic currents evoked by the rSlo channel were dramatically suppressed upon coexpression of rCRBN. rCRBN decreased the formation of the tetrameric rSlo complex thus reducing the surface expression of functional channels. Therefore, we suggest that CRBN may play an important role in assembly and surface expression of functional BK(Ca) channels by direct interaction with the cytosolic C-terminus of its alpha-subunit.
Propagation-invariant electromagnetic fields: theory and experiment (1996)

Abstract The vector concept of the propagation invariance is formulated to be applied to the stationary electromagnetic fields. The analysed exact solutions of the Maxwell equations are obtained on the basis of general propagation-invariant solutions of the scalar Helmholtz equation. A possible classification of the propagation-invariant fields based on quantities which appear in the complex Poynting theorem is proposed. The longitudinal periodicity of the electromagnetic field obtained due to the superposition of two Bessel beams is verified by a simple experiment.
Configurable logic: a dynamically programmable cellular architecture and its vlsi implementation (1988)

Institute for Computing Systems Architecture
Design of chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis: From C 2 -symmetric P,P- and N,N-ligands to sterically and electronically nonsymmetrical P,N-ligands (2004)

For a long time, C(2)-symmetric ligands have dominated in asymmetric catalysis. More recently, nonsymmetrical modular P,N-ligands have been introduced. These ligands have been applied successfully in various metal-catalyzed reactions and, in many cases, have outperformed P,P- or N,N-ligands.
Reduced Complexity Bounded Error Subset Selection (2006)

A reduced complexity version of the bounded error subset selection (BESS) algorithm is proposed. By relaxing the integer constraint in the original BESS algorithm, we show that the BESS problem can be reformulated as an ordinary linear program instead of an integer program with exponential worst-case complexity. We retain the sparseness of the representation in the modified BESS by weighting the dictionary with the minimum 2-norm solution of the subset selection problem corresponding to the BESS problem at hand. The proposed algorithm is compared to the basis pursuit, orthogonal matching pursuit, and the best orthogonal basis algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithm has a better packing property and an improved rate-distortion behavior.
Key frame selection by motion analysis (2002)

This paper describes a new algorithm for identifying key frames in shots from video programs. We use optical flow computations to identify local minima of motion in a shot-stillness emphasizes the image for the viewer. This technique allows us to identify both gestures which are emphasized by momentary pauses and camera motion which links together several distinct images in a single shot. Results show that our algorithm can successfully select several key frames from a single complex shot which effectively summarize the shot.
Emissions from lit-use Motor Vehicles in Los Angeles: A Pilot Study of Remote Sensing and the Inspection and Maintenance Program (1990)

As part of a major field study to understand the causes of persistent, elevated carbon monoxide pollution episodes in Los Angeles, we performed a project to understand the emissions of vehicles in use. In this experiment, we assessed the accuracy of a remote sensing instrument designed to measure CO concentrations from vehicles as they were driven on the road. The remote sensor was shown to be accurate within ten percent of the directly measured tailpipe value. We performed a roadside inspection on 60 vehicles and demonstrated that the remote sensor could be used as an effective surveillance tool to identify high CO-emitting vehicles. We also compared the roadside data set to the biennial Smog Check (I/M) tests for the same vehicles, and observed that carbon monoxide and exhaust hydrocarbons from high emitters were much higher than when the vehicles received their routine inspection. Furthermore, for the high-emitting vehicles in this data set, the length of time since the biennial Smog Check had little influence on the cars’ emissions in the roadside inspection.
Antibacterial Action of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Chitosan Oligosaccharides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions (2015)

Chitosan oligosaccharides were modified with N-diazeniumdiolates to yield biocompatible nitric oxide (NO) donor scaffolds. The minimum bactericidal concentrations and MICs of the NO donors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Differential antibacterial activities were primarily the result of NO scavenging by oxygen under aerobic environments and not changes in bacterial physiology. Bacterial killing was also tested against nonmucoid and mucoid biofilms and compared to that of tobramycin. Smaller NO payloads were required to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilms under anaerobic versus aerobic conditions. Under oxygen-free environments, the NO treatment was 10-fold more effective at killing biofilms than tobramycin. These results demonstrate the potential utility of NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides under both aerobic and anaerobic environments.
Laser acupuncture in children and adolescents with exercise induced asthma (2002)

A single laser acupuncture treatment offers no protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction in paediatric and adolescent patients.
Doing What Comes Naturally? Standpoint Epistemology, Critical Social Research and the Politics of Identity (1996)

In this chapter I want to address a fundamental concern that has derived out of my own engagement with, and commitment to, doing critical social research. It is a concern that arises most directly from feminist standpoint epistemology and, in essence, is related to the belief that men cannot do meaningful and critical research on women. Men, it is argued, neither have the experience nor the understanding of what it is like to be a woman in a patriarchal society and will, therefore, inevitably offer biased and distorted research accounts. Whilst this is an approach that is also found, albeit to a much lesser extent, within the literature on 'race' and racism, there also remains a strong emphasis within this work, as alluded to by Brar (1992) above, on 'experience'. This emphasis on, and reification of, 'experience' within anti-racist research and feminist research more generally, continues to strongly influence methodological debates. It is against this background that I have had to reassess my own role, as a white male, doing an ethnographic study of an inner-city, multi-ethnic primary school, where I have attempted to draw upon feminist and anti-racist theories in research- ing the construction of racialised and gendered cultural identities amongst young children (Connolly, forthcoming).KeywordsBlack WomanBlack CommunityBlack PeopleFeminist TheoryPolitical StruggleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Expression of Ia antigens on myeloid progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukemia: direct analysis using partially purified colony- forming cells (1985)

The regulation of Ia (HLA-DR) antigen expression on myeloid progenitor cells may be closely related to the control of myelopoiesis in both normal individuals and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. In an effort to study directly the expression and behavior of Ia surface molecules on myeloid progenitor cells, we used an immunologic purification technique to enrich these cells approximately 100-fold from the peripheral blood of CML patients. The majority of cells in this blast population expressed HLA-DR antigens. Thirty percent to 40% of cells could form a granulocyte or monocyte colony in agar, and these cells tended to express the highest levels of HLA-DR. The number of HLA- DR molecules per cell increased about twofold as the cells tranversed the cell cycle from G0/G1 to G2/M. This was true for unstimulated cells or cells exposed to colony-stimulating factors. Some of this increase was related to a corresponding increase in cell size and is also seen with other cell surface antigens such as beta-2-microglobulin. Ia antigen expression was not modified by culture with colony-stimulating factors, fetal calf serum, or serum-free, prostaglandin-free medium for periods of up to 24 hours. These results demonstrate that Ia antigens are expressed on the myeloid progenitor cells of CML, are increased in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and are stable under most in vitro culture conditions for at least 24 hours of culture.
Distributed paging for general networks (1996)

Distributed paging deals with the dynamic allocation of copies of files in a distributed network as to minimize the total communication cost over a sequence of read and write requests. Most previous work deals with the file allocation problem where infinite nodal memory capacity is assumed. In contrast the distributed paging problem makes the more realistic assumption that nodal memory capacity is limited. Former work on distributed paging deals with the problem only in the case of a uniform network topology. This paper gives the first distributed paging algorithm for general networks. The algorithm is competitive in storage and communication. The competitive ratios are poly-logarithmic in the total number of network nodes and the diameter of the network.
Los Almohades: Problemas y Perspectivas * EDITED BY PATRICE CRESSIER, MARIBEL FIERRO AND LUIS MOLINA. (2006)

Of the nine-centuries long history of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula (711–1614), it is not surprising that certain periods attract more attention than others. We want to know about the initial conquest of 711, the great days of the emirate/caliphate of Cordova, and how the story ended—the circumstances under which the political independence of al-Andalus came to be lost in 1492. The intervening four and a half centuries may be less familiar, and yet the period of the Almohads (approximately mid-twelfth to mid-thirteenth century), the subject of these volumes, is certainly not lacking in intrinsic interest, and of importance in the history of Islam and in that of Western Europe. Al-Andalus during this period was firmly integrated into a North African state ruled by Berbers. Compared with the earlier periods, for which our sources are frankly poor, sources on the Almohads are quite good. Yet it was only in...
Neutrophil chemotactic factor (IL-8) gene expression by cytokine-treated retinal pigment epithelial cells. (1990)

The neural-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) underlies the sensory retina and is central to both retinal homeostasis and many common retinal diseases. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are actively phagocytic and share several features with macrophages that have recently been shown to produce a neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF), also known as interleukin-8, after cytokine stimulation. Because RPE cell responses to cytokines are largely unknown, human RPE cell NCF production was monitored after interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. RPE NCF mRNA expression and RPE production of biologically active NCF was time and concentration dependent. Maximal NCF mRNA expression occurred at 20 ng/ml for IL-1 beta. Messenger RNA expression in RPE cells and biologically active NCF in RPE cell supernatants were found 1 hour after stimulation and were maintained for 24 hours. These findings demonstrate that cytokine-stimulated RPE cells may evoke or augment neutrophil-mediated inflammation by synthesizing NCF, a cytokine that may be important in ocular disease mechanisms.
Optimal orientations of lithium niobate for resonator SAW filters (2004)

A criterion of simultaneous minimization of propagation loss at resonant and antiresonant frequencies, previously developed for optimization of rotated Y-cuts of LiTaO/sub 3/ (LT) used in resonator SAW devices, is applied to rotated Y-cuts of LiNbO/sub 3/ (LN). The optimal angle versus thickness dependence was determined for periodic gratings with Al, Cu, and Au electrodes. The main characteristics of LSAW, such as velocity, average propagation loss, electromechanical coupling factor and reflection coefficient, have been estimated along the optimal lines. In particular, it was found that propagation loss tends to zero in 76/spl deg/YX cut with Al electrode thickness 0.055 wavelengths. Nonsymmetric orientations, which exist around symmetric cuts, were located and described in a simple relation between the Euler angles.
21.2: Al and Sn‐Doped Zinc Indium Oxide Thin Film Transistors for AMOLED Back‐Plane (2009)

Abstract We have fabricated the transparent bottom gate TFTs using Al and Sn‐doped zinc indium oxide (AT‐ZIO) as an active layer. The AT‐ZIO active layer was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and AT‐ZIO TFT showed a field effect mobility of 15.6 cm 2 /Vs even before annealing. The mobility increased with increasing In 2 O 3 content and post‐annealing temperature. The AT‐ZIO TFT exhibited afield effect mobility of 33 cm 2 /Vs, a sub‐threshold swing of 0.08 V/dec, and an on/off current ratio of more than 10 9 after Al 2 O 3 passivation and post‐annealing. We have fabricated AMOLED panels with the bottom gate AT‐ZIO TFT back‐plane successfully.
Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is a neutrophil chemoattractant after proteolytic inactivation by macrophage elastase. (1988)

Mouse macrophage elastase, a metalloproteinase, catalytically inactivates human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) by attacking a single peptide bond between Pro357 and Met358, resulting in Mr = 4,200 and 47,800 fragments. We show here that this proteolytically inactivated alpha 1-PI is a potent chemotactic factor for human neutrophils at a concentration of 1 nM. The chemotactic response is equivalent to that elicited by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Native alpha 1-PI does not stimulate chemotaxis. Purification of the two fragments of alpha 1-PI that result from proteolysis by macrophage elastase indicated that the Mr = 4,200 fragment is responsible for the chemotactic activity. However, the two proteolysis fragments do not dissociate from each other under physiologic conditions. Therefore, the ability of proteolytically inactivated alpha 1-PI to act as a mediator of inflammation is due to rearrangement of the alpha 1-PI molecule rather than to release of a cleavage fragment.
Homeostatic Proliferation Fails to Efficiently Reactivate HIV-1 Latently Infected Central Memory CD4+ T Cells (2011)

Homeostatic proliferation ensures the longevity of central memory T-cells by inducing cell proliferation in the absence of cellular differentiation or activation. This process is governed mainly by IL-7. Central memory T-cells can also be stimulated via engagement of the T-cell receptor, leading to cell proliferation but also activation and differentiation. Using an in vitro model of HIV-1 latency, we have examined in detail the effects of homeostatic proliferation on latently infected central memory T cells. We have also used antigenic stimulation via anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies and established a comparison with a homeostatic proliferation stimulus, to evaluate potential differences in how either treatment affects the dynamics of latent virus populations. First, we show that homeostatic proliferation, as induced by a combination of IL-2 plus IL-7, leads to partial reactivation of latent HIV-1 but is unable to reduce the size of the reservoir in vitro. Second, latently infected cells are able to homeostatically proliferate in the absence of viral reactivation or cell differentiation. These results indicate that IL-2 plus IL-7 may induce a detrimental effect by favoring the maintenance of the latent HIV-1 reservoir. On the other hand, antigenic stimulation efficiently reactivated latent HIV-1 in cultured central memory cells and led to depletion of the latently infected cells via virus-induced cell death.
A dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate autotrophic carbon assimilation cycle in the hyperthermophilic Archaeum Ignicoccus hospitalis (2008)

Ignicoccus hospitalis is an anaerobic, autotrophic, hyperthermophilic Archaeum that serves as a host for the symbiotic/parasitic Archaeum Nanoarchaeum equitans . It uses a yet unsolved autotrophic CO 2 fixation pathway that starts from acetyl-CoA (CoA), which is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate. Pyruvate is converted to phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP), from which glucogenesis as well as oxaloacetate formation branch off. Here, we present the complete metabolic cycle by which the primary CO 2 acceptor molecule acetyl-CoA is regenerated. Oxaloacetate is reduced to succinyl-CoA by an incomplete reductive citric acid cycle lacking 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase or synthase. Succinyl-CoA is reduced to 4-hydroxybutyrate, which is then activated to the CoA thioester. By using the radical enzyme 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA is dehydrated to crotonyl-CoA. Finally, β-oxidation of crotonyl-CoA leads to two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Thus, the cyclic pathway forms an extra molecule of acetyl-CoA, with pyruvate synthase and PEP carboxylase as the carboxylating enzymes. The proposal is based on in vitro transformation of 4-hydroxybutyrate, detection of all enzyme activities, and in vivo -labeling experiments using [1- 14 C]4-hydroxybutyrate, [1,4- 13 C 2 ], [U- 13 C 4 ]succinate, or [1- 13 C]pyruvate as tracers. The pathway is termed the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. It combines anaerobic metabolic modules to a straightforward and efficient CO 2 fixation mechanism.
Activation of Cutaneous Dendritic Cells by CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides: A Role for Dendritic Cells in the Augmentation of Th1 Responses by Immunostimulatory DNA (1998)

Genetic vaccination depends at least in part on the adjuvant properties of plasmids, properties that have been ascribed to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA. Because dendritic cells (DC) participate in the T cell priming that occurs during genetic vaccination, we reasoned that CpG-containing DNA might activate DC. Thus, we assessed the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) on Langerhans cell (LC)-like murine fetal skin-derived DC (FSDDC) in vitro and on LC in vivo. Treatment with CpG ODN as well as LPS induced FSDDC maturation, manifested by decreased E-cadherin-mediated adhesion, up-regulation of MHC class II and costimulator molecule expression, and acquisition of enhanced accessory cell activity. In contrast to LPS, CpG ODN stimulated FSDDC to produce large amounts of IL-12 but only small amounts of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Injection of CpG ODN into murine dermis also led to enhanced expression of MHC class II and CD86 Ag by LC in overlying epidermis and intracytoplasmic IL-12 accumulation in a subpopulation of activated LC. We conclude that immunostimulatory CpG ODN stimulate DC in vitro and in vivo. Bacterial DNA-based vaccines may preferentially elicit Th1-predominant immune responses because they activate and mobilize DC and induce them to produce large amounts of IL-12.
Mutations and sequence variations detected in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene: A report from the cystic fibrosis genetic analysis consortium (1992)

Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal disorder in the Caucasian population. Since the description of the major mutation of this disease in 1989, over 150 of additional mutations have been identified in the CFTR gene. This update summarizes the different mutations identified and reported before March 15 by members of the international Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium. The report includes information on DNA sequence variations found in the gene.