gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatal swine influenza pneumonia during late pregnancy (1990)

• Serious morbidity or death from swine influenza infection is unusual in the immunocompetent host. We present a fatal case of pneumonia caused by this virus in a previously healthy 32-year-old woman during her third trimester of pregnancy, and review all published case reports of swine influenza in United States civilians. Pregnancy may be a predisposing factor to fulminant infection with swine influenza virus. (<i>Arch Intern Med.</i>1990;150:213-215)
Image Processing with the Staran Parallel Computer (1977)

Although not designed with image processing specifically in mind, the Staran parallel processor has had a significant impact on that application area. The machine is full programmable, yet when applied to image processing it has demonstrated speeds usually associated only with hardwired systems. The result is an ability to execute interactively (response time under 10 seconds) a number of sophisitcated image processing algorithms and provide a significant improvement in throughput for batch processing systems.
Diagnosis and early detection of CNS-SLE in MRL/lpr mice using peptide microarrays (2014)

These results indicate that immunosignaturing could predict and diagnose lupus and its CNS manifestations. It can also be used to characterize pathogenic autoantibodies, which may help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of CNS-Lupus.
Transcriptional analysis of the mts1 gene with specific reference to 5' flanking sequences. (1992)

The mts1 gene is specifically expressed in certain metastatic tumors but not in their nonmetastatic counterparts. It is also expressed in several normal cell and tissue types that exhibit the ability to be motile. The gene was cloned from both mouse and human sources and the 5' flanking regions were sequenced. The sequencing data revealed a 135-base-pair region of high homology between the mouse and human mts1 gene. This homology was observed in the vicinity of the TATA box. The 5' region of the mts1 gene was also observed to have a high degree of homology to some known promoter and enhancer sequences. To determine the role this region plays in regulating the transcription of mts1, promoter analysis was performed. Sixteen constructs were prepared in which the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was fused to different regions of the mouse mts1 promoter. These constructs were analyzed in transient transfection assays in two related cell lines derived from mouse mammary adenosarcomas: CSML-0, a nonmetastatic cell line with low levels of mts1 expression, and CSML-100, a metastatic cell line with high levels of mts1 expression. Results of our transient transfection assays in conjunction with results obtained from in vitro and in vivo footprinting of the promoter region show no evidence of cis-acting control elements important for the transcriptional regulation of mts1 in these cell lines. A few nucleotides upstream of the TATA box are sufficient for maximal levels of mts1 transcription. Because no cis-acting control elements were found, restriction of mts1 transcription in CSML-0 cells must exist on some other level. mts1 was found to be hypermethylated in CSML-0 cells but not in CSML-100 cells. The possible role of methylation in progression of the nonmetastatic CSML-0 adenosarcoma cell line toward the metastatic CSML-100 adenosarcoma cell line is discussed.
Trisacryl gelatin microspheres for therapeutic embolization, I: development and in vitro evaluation. (1996)

Precisely calibrated and easy-to-use microspheres were obtained that satisfied the biomedical requirements for implantation as an embolization material.
Comparison of 24-hour intragastric pH using four liquid formulations of lansoprazole and omeprazole (1999)

The results of previous studies evaluating the effect of four liquid formulations of proton-pump inhibitors on 24-hour intragastric pH are described. Patients with a gastrostomy who were resident in a Veterans Affairs medical center or its affiliated nursing home were eligible for enrollment in one of four open-label studies in which each patient served as his own control. Patients underwent 24-hour intragastric pH studies before and after receiving seven consecutive days of one of the following liquid formulations of a proton-pump inhibitor administered once daily: omeprazole granules 20 mg in orange juice, lansoprazole granules 30 mg in orange juice, simplified omeprazole suspension 20 mg, and simplified lansoprazole suspension 30 mg. The suspensions were prepared with 10 mL of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution. Mean intragastric pH was measured, as was the time pH stayed above 3.0 and 4.0 during the 24-hour period. Six to 14 patients participated in each study. The mean posttreatment pH was 4.9+/-0.8, 4.7+/-0.6, 4.1+/-1.5, and 5.1+/-1.1 for omeprazole granules in orange juice, lansoprazole granules in orange juice, simplified omeprazole suspension, and simplified lansoprazole suspension, respectively. Both drugs in orange juice maintained pH above 4.0 longer than 14 hours and above 3.0 for close to 20 hours, which are the levels deemed optimal for healing erosive esophagitis and duodenal ulcers, respectively. Simplified lansoprazole suspension maintained pH above those thresholds for the optimal times, but simplified omeprazole suspension did not (20 and 15 hr above 3.0, 17 and 12 hr above 4.0 for lansoprazole and omeprazole, respectively). Further development of liquid formulations of proton-pump inhibitors may have important implications for the treatment of acid-related diseases in patients, including children, who are unable to swallow capsules.
Rapid formation of functional muscle in vitro using fibrin gels (2004)

The transition of a muscle cell from a differentiated myotube into an adult myofiber is largely unstudied. This is primarily due to the difficulty of isolating specific developmental stimuli in vivo and the inability to maintain viable myotubes in culture for sufficient lengths of time. To address these limitations, a novel method for rapidly generating three-dimensional engineered muscles using fibrin gel casting has been developed. Myoblasts were seeded and differentiated on top of a fibrin gel. Cell-mediated contraction of the gel around artificial anchors placed 12 mm apart culminates 10 days after plating in a tubular structure of small myotubes (10-microm diameter) surrounded by a fibrin gel matrix. These tissues can be connected to a force transducer and electrically stimulated between parallel platinum electrodes to monitor physiological function. Three weeks after plating, the three-dimensional engineered muscle generated a maximum twitch force of 329 +/- 26.3 microN and a maximal tetanic force of 805.8 +/- 55 microN. The engineered muscles demonstrated normal physiological function including length-tension and force-frequency relationships. Treatment with IGF-I resulted in a 50% increase in force production, demonstrating that these muscles responded to hormonal interventions. Although the force production was maximal at 3 wk, constructs can be maintained in culture for up to 6 wk with no intervention. We conclude that fibrin-based gels provide a novel method to engineer three-dimensional functional muscle tissue and that these tissues may be used to model the development of skeletal muscle in vitro.
A novel multicell DC-AC converter for applications in renewable energy systems (2002)

This paper presents a novel DC-AC converter for applications in the area of distributed energy generation systems, e.g., solar power systems, fuel-cell power systems in combination with supercapacitor or battery energy storage. The proposed converter is realized using an isolated multicell topology where the total AC output of the system is formed by series connection of several full-bridge converter stages. The DC links of the full bridges are supplied by individual DC-DC isolation stages which are arranged in parallel concerning the dc input of the. total system. Therefore, all switching cells of the proposed converter can be equipped with modern low-voltage high-current power MOSFETs, which results in an improved efficiency as compared to conventional isolated DC-AC converters. Furthermore, the cells are operated in an interleaved pulsewidth-modulation mode which, in connection with the low voltage level of each cell, significantly reduces the filtering effort on the AC output of the overall system. The paper describes the operating principle, analyzes the fundamental relationships which are relevant for component selection, and presents a specific circuit design. Finally, measurements taken from a 2-kW laboratory model are presented.
Localization of parasite antigens inCryptosporidium parvum-infected epithelial cells using monoclonal antibodies (1995)

An immunogold ultrastructural study was made of Cryptosporidium parvum-infected intestinal cells from SCID mice to locate parasite antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against sporozoite or oocyst wall antigens. The results suggested that these antigens were present in more than one life-cycle stage and demonstrated that the intracellular parasite modified the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and villous membrane surrounding the parasite. In an immunofluorescence antibody test monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1B5 reacted with the oocyst wall, MAb 2C3 with the whole sporozoite and MAb 2B2 with the sporozoite surface. Western and dot-blot studies demonstrated that different carbohydrate epitopes were recognized by the respective sporozoite-reactive antibodies. In the ultrastructural examination MAb 1B5 reacted with macro- and microgametocytes as well as the oocyst wall. In the macrogametocyte MAb 1B5 recognized the large electron-dense bodies characteristic of this stage and, in some parasites, the parasitophorous vacuole and the parasite pellicle. The sporozoite-reactive MAbs were able to bind to all developmental stages. These antibodies recognized the parasite cytoplasm and, additionally, MAb 2B2 produced substantial labelling of the parasite membrane. Significantly, both these antibodies also detected antigen in the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and, to a lesser extent, the villous membrane surrounding the parasite.
XXXIX.—Dyes derived from acenaphthenequinone (1924)

A. C. Sircar and S. K. Guha, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1924, 125, 335 DOI: 10.1039/CT9242500335
Spinal Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) is Necessary for the Normal Resolution of Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of Acute Postoperative Pain (2013)

The mechanisms that drive the normal resolution of acute postoperative pain are not completely understood. We hypothesize a pivotal role of a major spinal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) regulator, MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-3, in the resolution of postoperative pain. We used wild-type and MKP-3 knock-out (KO) mice, a paw incision model of acute postoperative pain, and behavioral and molecular biology experiments. We observed persistent mechanical allodynia in mice lacking MKP-3 (postoperative day 21), concurrently with persistent phosphorylation of spinal p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2 on postoperative day 12, while both MAPK phosphorylation and allodynia resolved on postoperative day 7 in wild-type mice. Spinal p-ERK was expressed mainly in neurons and microglia, while spinal p-p38 was expressed mostly in microglia in MKP-3 KO mice, and their selective pharmacological inhibition reduced the persistent allodynia observed in these mice. Our findings strongly suggest that dysregulation of MKP-3 prevents spontaneous resolution of acute postoperative pain and drives its transition to persistent pain via persistent neuronal and microglial MAPK phosphorylation in the spinal cord.
Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Monoclonal Antibodies againstStaphylococcus epidermidisRP62A Accumulation-Associated Protein (2005)

Staphylococcus epidermidis expresses a 140-kDa cell wall-bound protein accumulation-associated protein (AAP) to adhere to and accumulate as a biofilm on a surface. Potentially blocking AAP with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) could reduce or eliminate S. epidermidis bacterial colonization of biomedical devices. Here, we report on our efforts to (i) isolate AAP, (ii) generate MAbs against AAP, and (iii) determine the efficacy of MAbs to inhibit S. epidermidis biofilm formation. An M7 S. epidermidis mutant, reportedly deficient in AAP expression, was used as a negative control. Postinoculation murine sera, containing polyclonal antibodies against AAP, were able to reduce S. epidermidis biofilm formation by 54%. Select MAbs against AAP were able to reduce S. epidermidis by no more than 66%. Two MAb mixtures, 12C6/12A1 and 3C1/12A1, reduced S. epidermidis accumulation up to 79 and 87%, respectively, significantly more than individual MAbs. Contrary to a previous report, biofilm-deficient S. epidermidis mutant M7 expressed a 200-kDa protein on its cell wall that specifically bound AAP MAbs. Peptide characterization of this M7 protein by microcapillary reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry resulted in 53% homology with AAP. Ongoing studies will elucidate the dynamic expression of AAP and the M7 200-kDa protein in order to define their roles in biofilm formation.
Human detection in compressed domain (2002)

We propose an algorithm for human detection in JPEG compressed still images and MPEG I-frames. In this new algorithm, the overall shape of a standing or walking person is detected by using an eigenspace representation of human silhouettes obtained from AC-DCT coefficients. Our approach is invariant to changes in intensity, color and textures and has the advantage of using the available data in the standard compression algorithms. The algorithm achieves a correct detection rate of 80% for frontal and rear views of human bodies in cluttered scenes.
Predictive VQ for Bandwidth Scalable LSP Quantization (2006)

Predictive vector quantization (PVQ) for a bandwidth scalable LSP (line spectrum pairs) quantizer was studied. In the quantizer, LSP parameters obtained from a wide-band (16-kHz sampling) speech signal were quantized using LSP parameters encoded in a narrow-band (8-kHz sampling) layer. We designed several configurations of 16-bit quantizer utilizing PVQ and compared their performance. Simulation results showed that effective exploitation of interframe and intra-frame prediction improved objective performance. Compared with a baseline algorithm, PVQ using normal inter-frame prediction achieved better SD (spectral distortion) performance by 0.15 dB, and further improvement of 0.05 dB was gained by introducing novel interframe and intra-frame prediction. Robustness against frame erasure was considered by adopting switched prediction and "forgetting" capability. The designed memory-based PVQ algorithms were found to be robust up to 20% frame erasure rate.
Structure formation of integral‐asymmetric membranes of polystyrene‐block‐Poly(ethylene oxide) (2012)

Abstract For the first time the combination of solution casting and solvent–nonsolvent exchange (phase inversion) has been applied to generate asymmetric membranes with highly ordered hexagonally packed cylinders with perpendicular orientation composed of polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide). The influence of parameters like solvent composition and evaporation time on the membrane formation is presented. The development is based on a study of the solution behavior by dynamic light scattering and the precipitation behavior of the cylinder forming diblock copolymer by turbidity measurements from different solvent and nonsolvent systems. The water flux properties, as an important membrane characteristic, show a time dependent behavior, due to swelling of the polyethylene oxide blocks. The morphologies of the membranes are imaged by scanning electron microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Production of homozygous α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout pigs by breeding and somatic cell nuclear transfer (2007)

We report here our experience regarding the production of double or homozygous Gal knockout (Gal KO) pigs by breeding and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Large White x Landrace female heterozygous Gal KO founders produced using SCNT were mated with Hampshire or Duroc males to produce a F1 generation. F1 heterozygous pigs were then bred to half-sibs to produce a F2 generation which contained Gal KO pigs. To determine the viability of mating Gal KO pigs with each other, one female F2 Gal KO pig was bred to a half-sib and subsequently a full-sib Gal KO. F1 and F2 heterozygous females were also mated to F2 Gal KO males. All three types of matings produced Gal KO pigs. To produce Gal KO pigs by SCNT, heterozygous F1s were bred together and F2 fetuses were harvested to establish primary cultures of Gal KO fetal fibroblasts. Gal KO embryos were transferred to five recipients, one of which became pregnant and had a litter of four piglets. Together our results demonstrate that Gal KO pigs can be produced by breeding with each other and by SCNT using Gal KO fetal fibroblasts.
Purification and Cloning of PZR, a Binding Protein and Putative Physiological Substrate of Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 (1998)

Overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in 293 cells resulted in hyperphosphorylation of a glycoprotein specifically associated with the enzyme. The protein has been purified to near homogeneity. Based on the amino acid sequences of peptides obtained from the protein, a full-length cDNA was isolated. The cDNA encodes a protein with a single transmembrane segment and a signal sequence. The extracellular portion of the protein contains a single immunoglobulin-like domain displaying 46% sequence identity to that of myelin P0, a major structural protein of peripheral myelin. The intracellular segment of the protein shows no significant sequence identity to any known protein except for two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs. We name the protein PZR for protein zero related. Transfection of the PZR cDNA in Jurkat cells gave rise to a protein of expected molecular size. Stimulation of cells with pervanadate resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of PZR and a near-stoichiometric association of PZR with SHP-2. Northern blotting analyses revealed that PZR is widely expressed in human tissues and is particularly abundant in heart, placenta, kidney, and pancreas. As a binding protein and a putative substrate of SHP-2, PZR protein may have an important role in cell signaling.
Olefin Oligomerization via Metallacycles: Dimerization, Trimerization, Tetramerization, and Beyond (2010)

Recent advances in the area of Olefin Oligomerization via metallacycles that include dimerization, trimerization, tetramerization, and beyond, are reviewed. Studies have found that metallacyclopentane decomposition to 1-butene many not be particularly facile due to the absence of metallacycle expansion. Follow-up studies concentrated on the N-H functionality and the Cr oxidation state and role of MAO show that activities and selectivities to 1-hexene are similar to the original Cr(III) complexes. Nenu and Weckhuysen prepared silica-supported triazacyclohexane complexes, by treating the reduced Phillips polymerization catalyst with triazacyclohexane ligands in dichloromethane. The influence of N-aryl functionality investigated by Killian et al. shows that the selectivity was mainly dependent upon the steric bulk attached to nitrogen, and less so on the group's basicity.
Defining Opportunistic Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients with Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: An International Consensus (2002)

During the past several decades, there has been a steady increase in the frequency of opportunistic invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised patients. However, there is substantial controversy concerning optimal diagnostic criteria for these IFIs. Therefore, members of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group formed a consensus committee to develop standard definitions for IFIs for clinical research. On the basis of a review of literature and an international consensus, a set of research-oriented definitions for the IFIs most often seen and studied in immunocompromised patients with cancer is proposed. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." The definitions are intended for use in the context of clinical and/or epidemiological research, not for clinical decision making.
Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins. Part 4. Effects of the Ammonium Hydroxide Concentration and pH (2006)

Abstract The effects of ammonium hydroxide concentration and pH on the kinetics and reaction mechanism of oxidative ammonolysis of Repap organosolv lignin were studied. The reactions were carried out at 100°C with an oxygen pressure of 8 bar (116 psi) and 0.4–1.6 M [NH4OH] and 9–12.7 pH. The resulting N‐modified lignins were analyzed for elemental composition and methoxyl group content. An increase in ammonium hydroxide concentration increased the rate of nitrogen incorporation, oxygen consumption, CO2 formation, and lignin dissolution. The rate of nitrogen incorporation was 0.5 order with respect to NH4OH concentration. The amount of oxygen consumed, oxygen incorporated into the lignin, CO2 formed, and OMe groups eliminated per mole of nitrogen incorporated decreased with increasing ammonium hydroxide concentration indicating that the increase in [NH4OH] accelerated nitrogen incorporation more than lignin oxidation. The dependence of the rate of nitrogen incorporation on the reaction pH went through a maximum leading to the conclusion that HO− competes with ammonia in reactions with electrophilic lignin centers resulting in interruption of nitrogen incorporation into the lignin. Keywords: Technical ligninsoxidative ammonolysiskinetics of ammonium hydroxide concentration This article is dedicated to the memory of Josef S. Gratzl. This research was supported by a USDA NRI competitive grant under cooperative agreement No. 97‐35504‐5119, for which the authors are grateful. The authors also thank Mrs. Y. Cheu for the methoxyl group analysis.
Quality of life and metabolic status in mildly depressed women with type 2 diabetes treated with paroxetine: A single-blind randomised placebo controlled trial (2003)

Paroxetine has a beneficial effect on measures of insulin sensitivity and may improve glycemic control. Larger studies of longer duration are needed to verify the benefits of paroxetine in type 2 diabetes. While waiting for more conclusive evidence it seems sensible to augment standard care of type 2 diabetes with paroxetine even in patients who do not fulfil routine psychiatric criteria for initiation of antidepressant drug treatment.