gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meiotic recombination and segregation of human-derived artificial chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

We have developed a system that utilizes human DNA-derived yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) as marker chromosomes to study factors that contribute to the fidelity of meiotic chromosome transmission. Since aneuploidy for the YACs does not affect spore viability, different classes of meiotic missegregation can be scored accurately in four-viable-spore tetrads including precocious sister separation, meiosis I nondisjunction, meiotic chromatid loss, and meiosis II nondisjunction. Segregation of the homologous pair of 360-kilobase marker YACs was shown to occur with high fidelity in the first meiotic division and was associated with a high frequency of recombination within the human DNA segment. By using this experimental system, a series of YAC deletion derivatives ranging in size from 50 to 225 kilobases was analyzed to directly assess the relationship between meiotic recombination and meiosis I disjunction in a genotypically wild-type background. The relationship between physical distance and recombination frequency within the human DNA segment was measured to be comparable to that of endogenous yeast chromosomal DNA--ranging from less than 2.0 to 7.7 kilobases/centimorgan. Physical analysis of recombinant chromosomes detected no unequal crossing-over at dispersed repetitive elements distributed along the YACs. Recombination between YACs containing unrelated DNA segments was not observed. Furthermore, the segregational data indicated that meioses in which YAC pairs failed to recombine exhibited dramatically increased levels of meiosis I missegregation, including both precocious sister chromatid separation and nondisjunction.
Optimizing and Managing Coiled Tubing Frac Strings (2000)

Abstract Multizonal coiled tubing fracturing (CT frac) services have been successfully performed in shallow gas fields in western Canada for more than I year. Properly managing and designing the serviceability of CT strings is critical to these operations. This paper discusses the practical and theoretical aspects of optimizing the frac-string design, changing the equipment geometry of the CT units, and using a CT fatigue model and fatigue-simulation software. The paper also discusses factors affecting the longevity and performance of frac strings, programs for continuously monitoring the service life of the strings, and actions considered for recovering and extending the fatigue life. With a properly designed and implemented comprehensive tubing management program, service operators in western Canada have helped ensure a high degree of personnel safety during fracturing while minimizing the risk of CT failure and maximizing pipe life.
Reversibly Deformable and Mechanically Tunable Fluidic Antennas (2009)

Abstract This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of fluidic dipole antennas that are reconfigurable, reversibly deformable, and mechanically tunable. The antennas consist of a fluid metal alloy injected into microfluidic channels comprising a silicone elastomer. By employing soft lithographic, rapid prototyping methods, the fluidic antennas are easier to fabricate than conventional copper antennas. The fluidic dipole radiates with ≈90% efficiency over a broad frequency range (1910–1990 MHz), which is equivalent to the expected efficiency for a similar dipole with solid metallic elements such as copper. The metal, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), is a low‐viscosity liquid at room temperature and possesses a thin oxide skin that provides mechanical stability to the fluid within the elastomeric channels. Because the conductive element of the antenna is a fluid, the mechanical properties and shape of the antenna are defined by the elastomeric channels, which are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The antennas can withstand mechanical deformation (stretching, bending, rolling, and twisting) and return to their original state after removal of an applied stress. The ability of the fluid metal to flow during deformation of the PDMS ensures electrical continuity. The shape and thus, the function of the antenna, is reconfigurable. The resonant frequency can be tuned mechanically by elongating the antenna via stretching without any hysteresis during strain relaxation, and the measured resonant frequency as a function of strain shows excellent agreement (±0.1–0.3% error) with that predicted by theoretical finite element modeling. The antennas are therefore sensors of strain. The fluid metal also facilitates self‐healing in response to sharp cuts through the antenna.
Roadmap to developing a recombinant coronavirus S protein receptor-binding domain vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (2012)

A subunit vaccine, RBD-S, is under development to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which is classified by the US NIH as a category C pathogen. This vaccine is comprised of a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV spike (S) protein and formulated on alum, together with a synthetic glucopyranosyl lipid A. The vaccine would induce neutralizing antibodies without causing Th2-type immunopathology. Vaccine development is being led by the nonprofit product development partnership; Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development in collaboration with two academic partners (the New York Blood Center and University of Texas Medical Branch); an industrial partner (Immune Design Corporation); and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. A roadmap for the product development of the RBD-S SARS vaccine is outlined with a goal to manufacture the vaccine for clinical testing within the next 5 years.
Inhibitors of Adenosine Deaminase: Synthesis of Coformycin and 3′-Deoxycoformycin (1983)

Abstract Glycosylation of the heterocycle, 6,7-dihydro-imidazo [4,5-d] [1,3] diazepin-8(3H)-one, with suitably protected sugars under the influence of Lewis acid catalysts gave the β-D-ribo- and 3′-deoxy-β-D-erythropento-furanosyl nucleosides. Deprotection and reduction of the keto nucleosides with sodium borohydride gave the (8R)- and (8S)-3-β-D-glycofuranosyl-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo [4,5-d]-[1,3] diazepin-8-ols, the (8R)-isomers of which are potent inhibitors of adenosine deaminase.
Power and impedance scaling in bilateral manipulation (2002)

A power and impedance scaling bilateral manipulator (such as an extender or a macro-micro bilateral manipulator) can greatly enhance the manual capabilities of a human operator, but it can also compromise the inherent stability of the operator. A condition for the robust stability of an operator/bilateral manipulator environment system is derived using the structured singular value. The application of this condition is illustrated with several examples of power and impedance scaling via a two-channel bilateral manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of fat depot site on differentiation-dependent gene expression in rat preadipocytes. (1996)

Variability in physiological characteristics among adipose depots could be caused, in part, by mechanisms intrinsic to cells comprising the depots. To evaluate the contribution of intrinsic mechanisms to depot variability, we studied levels of differentiation-dependent mRNAs in differentiating cultured rat epididymal and perirenal preadipocytes and in fat cells isolated from these depots. The magnitude of the change in levels of adipsin and glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase mRNAs, which increase late during differentiation, was greater in perirenal than epididymal preadipocytes. The magnitude of the change in beta-actin mRNA, which decreases early during differentiation, was not site-dependent. Effects of anatomic site on changes in differentiation-dependent mRNAs observed in differentiating preadipocytes in vitro were similar to effects of site on these mRNAs in freshly isolated fat cells: those mRNA species whose levels increase late during preadipocyte differentiation were present in greater abundance in perirenal than epididymal fat cells. Hence, mechanisms which underlie site-dependent variability in adipose function may be intrinsic and could become evident midway through the differentiation process.
Thrombospondin is a slow tight-binding inhibitor of plasmin (1992)

Thrombospondin is a multifunctional glycoprotein of platelet alpha-granules and a variety of growing cells. We demonstrate that thrombospondin is a slow tight-binding inhibitor of plasmin as determined by loss of amidolytic activity, loss of ability to cleave fibrinogen, and decreased lysis zones in fibrin plate assays. Stoichiometric titrations indicate that approximately 1 mol of plasmin interacts with 1 mol of thrombospondin, an unexpected result considering the trimeric nature of thrombospondin. Plasmin in a complex with streptokinase or bound to epsilon-aminocaproic acid is protected from inhibition by thrombospondin, thereby implicating the lysine-binding kringle domains of plasmin in the inhibition process. Thrombospondin also inhibits urokinase plasminogen activator, but more slowly than plasmin, stimulates the amidolytic activity of tissue plasminogen activator, and has no effect on the amidolytic activity of alpha-thrombin or factor Xa. These results, therefore, identify thrombospondin as a new type of serine proteinase inhibitor and potentially important regulator of fibrinolysis.
Water-Soluble Constituents of Dill (2002)

From the water-soluble portion of the methanol extract of dill (fruit of Anethum graveolens L.), which has been used as a spice and medicine, thirty-three compounds, including a new monoterpenoid, six new monoterpenoid glycosides, a new aromatic compound glucoside and a new alkyl glucoside were obtained. Their structures were clarified by spectral investigation.
Branch-Specific Sialylation of IgG-Fc Glycans by ST6Gal-I (2009)

Sialylated forms of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G, produced by the human alpha2-6 sialyltransferase ST6Gal-I, were identified as potent anti-inflammatory mediators in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis and are potentially the active components in intravenous IgG anti-inflammatory therapies. The activities and specificities of hST6Gal-I are, however, poorly characterized. Here MS and NMR methodology demonstrates glycan modification occurs in a branch-specific manner with the alpha1-3Man branch of the complex, biantennary Fc glycan preferentially sialylated. Interestingly, this substrate preference is preserved when using a released glycan, suggesting that the apparent occlusion of glycan termini in Fc crystal structures does not dominate specificity.
American Media Portrayals of the Uighur Minority Pre and Post 9/11 (2009)

The Muslim Uighur ethnic minority in China has long been repressed by the Chinese Central Government in a way not dissimilar from the Tibetan ethnic minority. While policy decisions, assimilation projects, and systematic restriction of freedoms support this claim, Americans with interest in the area have a more complex relationship with opinion on Uighurs. Americans have a history of supporting restive groups within Communist systems, but post 9/11 there has been a backlash against those groups that also can be identified as Muslim fundamentalists. Through observing American newspaper sources it is expected that a shift will be seen in the tone of articles related to Uighurs post 9/11.
Closed Head Injury Triggers Early Production of TNFα and IL-6 by Brain Tissue (1994)

In a model of closed head injury (CHI) in the rat we have shown the activation of phospholipase A2 and the production of eicosanoids after injury: at 15 min, mainly 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), and at 24 h, mainly prostaglandin E2. The present study was designed to test whether CHI can also trigger the production of cytokines in the brain. CHI was induced in ether-anesthesized rats by a weight-drop device falling over the exposed skull covering the left hemisphere, 1-2 mm lateral to the midline in the midcoronal plane. In the posttraumatic period (1-24 h), the rats were decapitated, cortical tissue from the injured zone of the contused and contralateral hemispheres was removed and sonicated, and cytokine activity was assessed. Whereas no tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) activity was found in normal brain tissue, it was detectable in the contused hemisphere (approximately of 72 +/- 50 pg/mg protein) as early as 1 h post-CHI. TNF alpha levels increased at 2 h, peaked at 4 h, (approximately of 609 +/- 540 pg/mg protein), and declined thereafter. At parallel intervals, only low levels of TNF alpha were detected in the contralateral hemisphere. In normal brain, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was nondetectable. Following CHI, high levels of IL-6 were present, although their accumulation lagged behind that of TNF alpha by 2-4 h, peaking at 8 h (62 +/- 31 ng/mg protein). We suggest that the rapid production of TNF alpha and IL-6 following CHI is a local inflammatory response of brain tissue to primary insult.
A New Modular Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyser Evaluated (2000)

Thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and testosterone assays have been used as a probe to evaluate the performances of a new modular chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay analyser, the Abbott Architect 2000. The evaluation was run in parallel on other systems that use CL as the detection reaction: DPC Immulite, Chiron Diagnostics ACS-180 and ACS Centaur (TSH functional sensitivity only). TSH functional sensitivity was 0.0012, 0.009, 0.033 and 0.039 mU/I for the Architect, Immulite, ACS Centaur and ACS-180, respectively. Testosterone functional sensitivity was 0.38, 3.7 and 2.0 nmol/l for Architect, Immulite and ACS-180, respectively. Good correlation was obtained between the ACS-180 and Architect for all assays. The Immulite correlation did not agree well with the Architect or ACS-180 for fT4 and testosterone but was in good agreement for TSH. Regarding fT4 and testosterone, equilibrium dialysis and isotopic dilution gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively were used as reference methods. For both within- and between-run precision, the Architect showed the best reproducibility for all three analytes (CV < 6%).
A Dramatic Increase of C1q Protein in the CNS during Normal Aging (2013)

The decline of cognitive function has emerged as one of the greatest health threats of old age. Age-related cognitive decline is caused by an impacted neuronal circuitry, yet the molecular mechanisms responsible are unknown. C1q, the initiating protein of the classical complement cascade and powerful effector of the peripheral immune response, mediates synapse elimination in the developing CNS. Here we show that C1q protein levels dramatically increase in the normal aging mouse and human brain, by as much as 300-fold. This increase was predominantly localized in close proximity to synapses and occurred earliest and most dramatically in certain regions of the brain, including some but not all regions known to be selectively vulnerable in neurodegenerative diseases, i.e., the hippocampus, substantia nigra, and piriform cortex. C1q-deficient mice exhibited enhanced synaptic plasticity in the adult and reorganization of the circuitry in the aging hippocampal dentate gyrus. Moreover, aged C1q-deficient mice exhibited significantly less cognitive and memory decline in certain hippocampus-dependent behavior tests compared with their wild-type littermates. Unlike in the developing CNS, the complement cascade effector C3 was only present at very low levels in the adult and aging brain. In addition, the aging-dependent effect of C1q on the hippocampal circuitry was independent of C3 and unaccompanied by detectable synapse loss, providing evidence for a novel, complement- and synapse elimination-independent role for C1q in CNS aging.
Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice (2004)

Recent evidence indicates that vascular progenitor cells may be the source of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions, but the origin of these progenitor cells is unknown. To explore the possibility of vascular progenitor cells existing in adults, a variety of tissues from ApoE-deficient mice were extensively examined. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the adventitia in aortic roots harbored large numbers of cells having stem cell markers, e.g., Sca-1(+) (21%), c-kit(+) (9%), CD34(+) (15%), and Flk1(+) cells (4%), but not SSEA-1(+) embryonic stem cells. Explanted cultures of adventitial tissues using stem cell medium displayed a heterogeneous outgrowth, for example, islands of round-shaped cells surrounded by fibroblast-like cell monolayers. Isolated Sca-1(+) cells were able to differentiate into SMCs in response to PDGF-BB stimulation in vitro. When Sca-1(+) cells carrying the LacZ gene were transferred to the adventitial side of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice, beta-gal(+) cells were found in atherosclerotic lesions of the intima, and these cells enhanced the development of the lesions. Thus, a large population of vascular progenitor cells existing in the adventitia can differentiate into SMCs that contribute to atherosclerosis. Our findings indicate that ex vivo expansion of these progenitor cells may have implications for cellular, genetic, and tissue engineering approaches to vascular disease.
Cyclophilin A Is Secreted by a Vesicular Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in part by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth. Previously we demonstrated that cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a secreted oxidative stress-induced factor (SOXF) that promotes inflammation, VSMC growth, and endothelial cell apoptosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate CyPA secretion are unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that ROS-induced CyPA secretion from VSMC requires a highly regulated process of vesicle transport, docking, and fusion at the plasma membrane. Conditioned medium and plasma membrane sheets were prepared by exposing VSMC to 1 micromol/L LY83583, which generates intracellular superoxide. A vesicular transport mechanism was confirmed by colocalization at the plasma membrane with vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). CyPA transport to the plasma membrane and secretion were significantly increased by LY83583. Reduction of VAMP-2 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion. Pretreatment with 3 micromol/L cytochalasin D, an actin depolymerizing agent, abrogated CyPA secretion. Infection with dominant-negative RhoA and Cdc42 adenovirus inhibited CyPA secretion by 72% and 63%, respectively, whereas dominant-negative Rac1 had a small effect (11%). Pretreatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 (3 to 30 micromol/L) and myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin (1 to 10 micromol/L) inhibited CyPA secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin (3 to 30 micromol/L) also dose-dependently inhibited LY83583-induced CyPA secretion likely via decreased isoprenylation of small GTPases. Our findings define a novel VSMC vesicular secretory pathway for CyPA that involves actin remodeling and myosin II activation via RhoA-, Cdc42-, and Rho kinase-dependent signaling events.
Encapsulated cell-based delivery of CNTF reduces photoreceptor degeneration in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa. (2002)

CNTF delivered through encapsulated cells directly into the vitreous of the eye protects photoreceptors in the PDE6B-deficient rcd1 canine model. Furthermore, sparing of photoreceptors appeared dose-dependent with minimum protection observed at CNTF doses of 0.2 to 1.0 ng/d. Incrementally greater protection was achieved at higher doses. The surgically implanted, cell-containing capsules were well tolerated, and the cells within the capsule remained viable for the 7-week implantation interval. These results suggest that encapsulated cell therapy may provide a safe and effective strategy for treating retinal disorders in humans.
High Log-Scale Expansion of Functional Human Natural Killer Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood CD34-Positive Cells for Adoptive Cancer Immunotherapy (2010)

Immunotherapy based on natural killer (NK) cell infusions is a potential adjuvant treatment for many cancers. Such therapeutic application in humans requires large numbers of functional NK cells that have been selected and expanded using clinical grade protocols. We established an extremely efficient cytokine-based culture system for ex vivo expansion of NK cells from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB). Systematic refinement of this two-step system using a novel clinical grade medium resulted in a therapeutically applicable cell culture protocol. CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cell products could be routinely generated from freshly selected CD34(+) UCB cells with a mean expansion of >15,000 fold and a nearly 100% purity. Moreover, our protocol has the capacity to produce more than 3-log NK cell expansion from frozen CD34(+) UCB cells. These ex vivo-generated cell products contain NK cell subsets differentially expressing NKG2A and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. Furthermore, UCB-derived CD56(+) NK cells generated by our protocol uniformly express high levels of activating NKG2D and natural cytotoxicity receptors. Functional analysis showed that these ex vivo-generated NK cells efficiently target myeloid leukemia and melanoma tumor cell lines, and mediate cytolysis of primary leukemia cells at low NK-target ratios. Our culture system exemplifies a major breakthrough in producing pure NK cell products from limited numbers of CD34(+) cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Inhibition of the Aminopeptidase from Aeromonas Proteolytica by l-Leucinephosphonic Acid, a Transition State Analogue of Peptide Hydrolysis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTInhibition of the Aminopeptidase from AeromonasProteolytica by l-Leucinephosphonic Acid, a Transition State Analogue of Peptide HydrolysisBrian Bennett and Richard C. HolzView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 46, 12139–12140Publication Date (Web):November 5, 1998Publication History Received9 July 1998Revised29 September 1998Published online5 November 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9824167https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9824167rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Electronic absorption,Ions,Metals,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts