gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Characterization of the Constitutively Activated State of the Serotonin 5‐HT2C Receptor (1998)

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor can be rendered constitutively active by changing amino acid 312 (third intracellular loop) from serine to lysine (S312K). In the present study, detailed radioligand binding analyses were performed to characterize the constitutively activated state of S312K mutant receptors. All agonists tested displayed high affinity for both [3H]5-HT and [3H]mesulergine binding to S312K receptors, but displayed low affinity for [3H]mesulergine binding to native 5-HT2C receptors. [3H]5-HT labeled the same total number of S312K binding sites as [3H]mesulergine. 5-HT2C antagonists inhibited S312K basal inositol phosphate production. These results suggest that S312K receptors mimic the active conformation of native 5-HT2C receptors and provide a good model system for evaluating drugs for inverse agonist activity. Also, S312K receptors may represent a new system for screening 5-HT2C agonist activity by comparing [3H]mesulergine binding to native and S312K mutant receptors.
Pre-Emphasis and RF-Pilot Tone Phase Noise Compensation for Coherent OFDM Transmission Systems (2007)

In this paper, pre-emphasis and RF-pilot tone phase noise compensation are discussed for coherent OFDM transmission systems. It is shown that only 1.6% of the total power is required for the RF-pilot for optimal phase noise compensation.
DNA enzyme immunoassay: general method for detecting products of polymerase chain reaction (1991)

We developed a new colorimetric method, DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA), for detecting specific hybrids of complementary nucleic acids and applied it to the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA amplified from serum samples by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The method is based on the ability of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody to discriminate between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. A solid phase was coated with a specific oligonucleotide probe, internal to the amplified region of HBV DNA, via an avidin-biotin bridge. The denatured PCR product was hybridized with the solid-phase probe, and the amplified DNA probe hybrid was then incubated with a monoclonal antibody specific for double- but not single-stranded DNA. Colorimetric detection of the DNA-antibody complex was achieved by adding an anti-mouse Ig antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase. The combined use of DEIA and PCR can reveal a few HBV genome copies present in a serum sample. This method has several advantages: (a) the sensitivity is adequate for the detection of amplified DNA; (b) the signal is associated with the hybridization event, independently of modifications of the probe or of the amplification primers; and (c) the test is simple and rapid and, most importantly, requires only the standard facilities of a routine clinical laboratory.
Investigation of the structural heterogeneity of lipooligosaccharides from pathogenic Haemophilus and Neisseria species and of R-type lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella typhimurium by electrospray mass spectrometry (1993)

Heterogeneity in the lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of pathogenic Haemophilus and Neisseria species is evident from the multiplicity of components observed with electrophoretic analyses. Knowledge of the precise structures that make up these diverse LOS molecules is clearly the key to reaching an understanding of pathogenic processes such as phase variation and molecular mimicry. Except for a few cases, little is known about the specific structural features of LOS that underlie phase variation and molecular mimicry, partly because of the inherent difficulties in the structural elucidation of these complex glycolipids. In the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, rough, or R-type, mutants have been isolated that have provided insight into the biosynthetic pathways and associated genetics that control LPS expression. Nonetheless, recent work has shown that these R-type LPS are more complex than originally thought, and significant heterogeneity is still observed, primarily in their phosphorylation states. In order to investigate the structures of LPS and LOS in a more rapid fashion, we have determined the precise molecular weights of LOS (and LPS) preparations from various Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Salmonella species by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The LOS (or LPS) were first O-deacylated under mild hydrazine conditions to remove O-linked esters primarily from the lipid A portion. Under negative-ion conditions, the O-deacylated LOS yield abundant multiply deprotonated molecular ions, (M-nH)n-, where n refers to the number of protons removed and therefore determines the absolute charge state, n = z. Mass spectra from different LOS and LPS preparations have provided detailed information concerning the structural basis for LOS (and LPS) heterogeneity and corresponding saccharide compositions. The identification of sialic acid in the LOS of Haemophilus and Neisseria species and the variable phosphorylation of the core of S. typhimurium LPS have afforded insights into the biosynthetic pathways used by these organisms. Information of this type is important for understanding the underlying genetic and environmental factors controlling LOS and LPS expression.
Effect of fresh garlic extract on tumor growth (1972)

Tumor cells (Ehrlich ascites tumor, Yoshida sarcoma, Spontaneous mammary tumor of a female C3H mouse, 20-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of a male DDD mouse, and 20-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of a male C3H mouse) treated with more than 2.77×10-3M allicin contained in fresh garlic extract did not produce tumor and no animal died during observation period.
High-speed gallop locomotion in the Thoroughbred racehorse. I. The effect of incline on stride parameters (2008)

During locomotion up an incline, power is required to elevate the centre of mass. This is provided when the animal's limbs are in contact with the ground. Measurements of stride timing variables from multiple limbs during high speed, over-ground locomotion would enhance our understanding of locomotor powering during changes in terrain. This study measured foot-on and foot-off times from galloping horses using a previously validated system of limb-mounted accelerometers and a global positioning system data logger. A detailed track survey provided incline information from all areas of the track. Measurements were made from six horses over a speed range of 9 to 13 m s(-1). Foot-fall timings were used to calculate variables, which included stance duration, protraction duration, stride frequency and duty factor. The relationship between track incline and measured variables was assessed. Stride variables from horses galloping on level (0-2% incline) and incline (8-12% incline) sections of the track were compared. Fore- and hindlimb protraction durations were significantly reduced across the speed range during incline galloping (P=0.001). This resulted in a mean increase in stride frequency from 2.01 to 2.08 strides s(-1) at 9.5 m s(-1) and 2.10 to 2.17 strides s(-1) at 12.5 m s(-1) during incline galloping. Duty factor was significantly greater for the hindlimbs during incline galloping (P<0.001), increasing from 0.31 to 0.32 at 9.5 m s(-1) and 0.28 to 0.29 at 12.5 m s(-1). Peak limb force was calculated from duty factor and assumed fore- to hindlimb impulse distributions. Smaller peak vertical forces were calculated in the forelimbs and increased peak vertical forces were calculated in the hindlimbs when galloping on an incline. Measured changes in stride timing variables differ from those reported in trotting horses. We propose that horses increase their stride frequency at a given speed during incline galloping to provide power for moving the centre of mass up the slope.
Improvements in Remote Cardiopulmonary Measurement Using a Five Band Digital Camera (2014)

Remote measurement of the blood volume pulse via photoplethysmography (PPG) using digital cameras and ambient light has great potential for healthcare and affective computing. However, traditional RGB cameras have limited frequency resolution. We present results of PPG measurements from a novel five band camera and show that alternate frequency bands, in particular an orange band, allowed physiological measurements much more highly correlated with an FDA approved contact PPG sensor. In a study with participants (n = 10) at rest and under stress, correlations of over 0.92 (p 0.01) were obtained for heart rate, breathing rate, and heart rate variability measurements. In addition, the remotely measured heart rate variability spectrograms closely matched those from the contact approach. The best results were obtained using a combination of cyan, green, and orange (CGO) bands; incorporating red and blue channel observations did not improve performance. In short, RGB is not optimal for this problem: CGO is better. Incorporating alternative color channel sensors should not increase the cost of such cameras dramatically.
Cell Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment: Clinical Trials Overview (2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common and most severe form of all muscular dystrophies, leads to progressive muscle fiber necrosis, fibroblast proliferation, and growth of fibrous tissue and fat. The most common cause of death in DMD patients is cardiac and respiratory failure. Current pharmacological and other treatment methods do not lead to full recovery. For this reason, new alternatives for skeletal muscle regeneration are being investigated. Transplantation of myoblasts from healthy donors is one studied approach to muscle treatment in DMD patients. However, the results of intramuscular injection of in vitro cultured myoblasts are still not satisfactory. The use of autologous stem cells is also proposed. Despite many ongoing studies, this therapy is still in preliminary testing and requires more experiments.
Heterologous Protein Secretion from Yeast (1985)

Secretion of calf prochymosin from yeast yields fully activable zymogen while production in the yeast cytoplasm yields insoluble, unactivable enzyme with aberrant disulfide bonding. Factors that increase the efficiency of secretion of prochymosin from yeast are use of a yeast secretion signal sequence, integration of the transcriptional unit into the yeast genome, and specific mutations in a number of host cell genes. In combination, these factors increase the secretion of calf prochymosin from less than 1 percent to more than 80 percent of the amount produced. Host mutations that increase prochymosin secretion also increase bovine growth hormone secretion more than 15-fold. These discoveries may be generally useful for production of many secreted mammalian proteins made inside microorganisms as insoluble aggregates.
Failure of cAMP agonists to activate rescued ΔF508 CFTR in CFBE41o–airway epithelial monolayers (2005)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic AMP-regulated chloride channel. Mutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic fibrosis (CF). The most common mutation, deltaF508, results in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of CFTR. DeltaF508 CFTR has been described as a temperature-sensitive mutation that can be rescued following growth at 27 degrees C. In order to study the processing and function of wild-type and rescued deltaF508 CFTR at the cell surface under non-polarized and polarized conditions, we developed stable cell lines expressing deltaF508 or wild-type CFTR. CFBE41o- is a human airway epithelial cell line capable of forming high resistance, polarized monolayers when cultured on permeable supports, while HeLa cells are normally grown under non-polarizing conditions. Immunoprecipitation, cell surface biotinylation, immunofluorescence, and functional assays confirmed the presence of deltaF508 CFTR at the cell surface in both cell lines after incubating the cells for 48 h at 27 degrees C. However, stimulators of wild-type CFTR such as forskolin, beta2-adrenergic or A2B-adenosine receptor agonists failed to activate rescued deltaF508 CFTR in CFBE41o- monolayers. Rescued deltaF508 CFTR could be stimulated with genistein independent of pretreatment with cAMP signalling agonists. Interestingly, rescued deltaF508 CFTR in HeLa cells could be efficiently stimulated with either forskolin or genistein to promote Cl- transport. These results indicate that deltaF508 CFTR, when rescued in CFBE41o- human airway epithelial cells, is poorly responsive to signalling pathways known to regulate wild-type CFTR. Furthermore, the differences in rescue and activation of deltaF508 CFTR in the two cell lines suggest that cell-type specific differences in deltaF508 CFTR processing are likely to complicate efforts to identify potentiators and/or correctors of the deltaF508 defect.
Chemistry of Diabetes and its Impact (2013)

Diabetes mellitus is caused by defects in insulin production as will as action. In absence of insulin ,the body’s primary source of energy and the brains only source of energy, glucose is unable to enter into cells. Infact diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease i.e. it is caused by an abnormal metabolism resulting from, for example nutritional deficiency, enzyme deficiency or abnormal secretion of hormones. In a case study among Nepalese people it has been found that diabetes mellitus is mainly caused by deterioration of renal function (Chronic Kidney Disease) . Obesity and type 2 diabetes relation is an active and exciting area of research now a days . In this article an attempt has been made to overview the life threatening disease diabetes mellitus. Academic Voices, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, Pages 16-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v2i1.8279
Review article: next generation diagnostic modalities in gastroenterology – gas phase volatile compound biomarker detection (2014)

The accurate reproducible sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using portable near-patient devices is a goal within reach for today's clinicians.
Position controlled nanowire growth through Au nanoparticles synthesized by galvanic reaction (2010)

Semiconductor nanowires have emerged as promising materials for fundamental studies in quantum-confined systems and applications in nanophotonics and electronics, but major challenges remain in controlling nanowire properties, including their position and size. Here, we report a simple and efficient electrochemical process that combines galvanic reaction and electron-beam lithography to selectively synthesize gold nanoparticles that are consequently used for the growth of ordered GaAs nanowire arrays with pre-defined diameter and position. Size and density control of gold nanoparticles is achieved on non-patterned GaAs substrates by changing the reaction time and concentration of Au(3 + ) ions during the galvanic reaction. Spontaneous formation of localized etch pits is observed when the galvanic reaction is constrained to lithography-defined substrate regions, which confines small-diameter Au nanoparticles during the high temperature growth of GaAs nanowire arrays and enables epitaxial growth of well-ordered nanowire structures.
Advanced telerobotic underwater manipulation using virtual fixtures and haptic rendering (2013)

As the variety and complexity of tasks carried about by telerobotic systems underwater increases, so does the demand for technology that increases efficiency and safety of operations. We present a novel approach to subsea manipulation that leverages the natural perceptive capability of human pilots. We present a method and framework for generation and rendering of six degree-of-freedom haptic virtual fixtures based on streaming point cloud data captured by an RGB-D sensor. Sensor data is captured at 30 Hz and virtual fixtures are constructed in real-time in parallel on a GPU. The method is applied to two typical underwater telerobotic valve operations by implementing a forbidden-region virtual fixture and a guidance virtual fixture. During operation, real-time haptic feedback is sent to the operator at 1000 Hz. This haptic feedback allows pilots of remotely-operated vehicles to receive sense of touch feedback through the use of non-contact sensors.
NATURAL HISTORY OF CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (1967)

From the Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) are Functionally Equivalent in the Initiation and Maintenance of CD4 + T-Cell Proliferation after Activation with Suboptimal Doses of PHA (2002)

Effective activation of T cells requires engagement of two separate T-cell receptors. The antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) binds foreign peptide antigen-MHC complexes, and the CD28 receptor binds to the B7 (CD80/CD86) costimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The simultaneous triggering of these T-cell surface receptors with their specific ligands results in an activation of this cell. In contrast, CTLA-4 (CD152) is a distinct T-cell receptor that, upon binding to B7 molecules, sends an inhibitory signal to T cell activation. Many in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that both CD80 and CD86 ligands have an identical role in the activation of T cells. Recently, functions of B7 costimulatory molecules in vivo have been investigated in B7-1 and/or B7-2 knockout mice, and the authors concluded that CD86 could be more important for initiating T-cell responses, while CD80 could be more significant for maintaining these immune responses. In this study, we directly compared the role of CD80 and CD86 in initiating and maintaining proliferation of resting CD4(+) T cells in an in vitro mode system that allowed to provide the first signal-to-effector cells through the use of suboptimal doses of PHA and the second costimulatory signal through cells expressing CD80 or CD86, but not any other costimulatory molecules. Using this experimental system we demonstrate that the CD80 and CD86 molecules can substitute for each other in the initial activation of resting CD4(+) T cells and in the maintenance of their proliferative response.
The combination of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB and insulin‐like growth factor‐I stimulates bone repair in adult Yucatan miniature pigs (1994)

The combination of insulin-like growth factor-I and platelet-derived growth factor-BB has previously been shown to stimulate healing of soft tissue wounds and the formation of bone and ligament around teeth. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I individually and in combination on the healing of osseous wounds. Four standardized cortical wounds were created in each tibia of 11 adult Yucatan miniature pigs. The wounds in one tibia per animal were treated with either purified recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, or both in a methylcellulose gel. The wounds in each contralateral tibia received placebo gel alone. Coded serial sections of each wound were evaluated by computer-aided histomorphometry 21 days after surgery. The area and perimeter of the newly formed mineralized callus, the thickness of the total callus, and the percentage of mineralized tissue within the callus were significantly increased compared with the values of matched controls only in wounds treated with a combination of insulin-like growth factor-I and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. No significant differences in the measured parameters of callus formation were found in wounds treated with either insulin-like growth factor-I or platelet-derived growth factor-BB alone. Cartilage was present only in sites treated with insulin-like growth factor-I alone. These results suggest that the combination of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates bone formation in wounds in long bones of adult animals and that these growth factors act via different pathways during the repair process.
金融中数学模型对实践的影响：过去、现在和未来 (2002)

金融数学包括概率论和最优化理论的一些最优美的应用.尽管金融理论貌似深奥的数学,但是在最近20年间.它已经进入了金融实践的主流.现今,金融机构中有许多使用数学模型的应用性金融研究.但也有例外.在过去20年里,金融模型出现了科学的突破,它是由与全世界金融市场和机构的结构的革命性变化相一致的金融创新的特殊冲击波促成的.本文涵盖了这一科学突破的发展过程,并聚焦于金融实践中数学模型的未来作用.
Advances in Structures (2010)

Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).This monumental five-volume set, comprising 821 peer-reviewed papers, brings together the latest advances in, and applications of, steel, concrete and novel hybrid structures, structural optimization, monitoring and control of structures, reliability and durability of structures, structural rehabilitation, retrofitting and strengthening, structural wind engineering and earthquake engineering, smart structures, etc.
Compensation for dystrophin-deficiency: ADAM12 overexpression in skeletal muscle results in increased 7 integrin, utrophin and associated glycoproteins (2003)

Mouse models for genetic diseases are among the most powerful tools available for developing and testing new treatment strategies. ADAM12 is a disintegrin and metalloprotease, previously demonstrated to significantly alleviate the pathology of mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. More specifically ADAM12 appeared to prevent muscle cell necrosis in the mdx mice as evidenced by morphological analysis and by the reduced levels of serum creatine kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that ADAM12 may compensate for the dystrophin deficiency in mdx mice by increasing the expression and redistribution of several components of the muscle cell-adhesion complexes. First, we analyzed transgenic mice that overexpress ADAM12 and found mild myopathic changes and accelerated regeneration following acute injury. We then analyzed changes in gene-expression profiles in mdx/ADAM12 transgenic mice compared with their littermate controls and found only a few genes with an expression change greater than 2-fold between mdx/ADAM12 and mdx. The small changes in gene expression were unexpected, considering the marked improvement of the mdx pathology when ADAM12 is overexpressed, and suggested that significant changes in mdx/ADAM12 muscle might occur post-transcriptionally. Indeed, by immunostaining and immunoblotting we found an approximately 2-fold increase in expression, and distinct extrasynaptic localization, of alpha 7B integrin and utrophin, the functional homolog of dystrophin. The expression of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins was also increased. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a novel way to alleviate dystrophin deficiency in mice, and may stimulate the development of new approaches to compensate for dystrophin deficiency in animals and humans.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Lithium‐Silicon System (1976)

The feasibility of using silicon as an alloying agent for the negative electrode in cells was determined by studying cells of the type
Molecular interactions between stromal cells and B lymphocyte precursors. (1991)

Long term culture techniques, cloned stromal lines, recombinant cytokines and monoclonal antibodies have provided powerful experimental tools for studying bone marrow functions. Rapid progress has been made in characterizing large reticular stromal cells in bone marrow that provide a nurturing microenvironment for B lymphocyte precursors. It is now clear that they have differentiation potential, that they can respond to inflammatory episodes and that they can make at least 12 regulatory cytokines. Pairs of cell adhesion molecules have also been defined which participate in B lymphopoiesis. These include CD44, hyaluronate, VLA-4 and a VCAM-like protein.