gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of 125I‐labelled human αinterferon to human lymphoid cells (1981)

To investigate the binding of interferon to human lymphoid cells, we purified human alpha interferon and radio-labelled it with iodine-125. Binding at 4 degrees C could be saturated and was inhibited by unlabelled interferon; it was specific for cells of human origin. Dissociation constants for the complex of interferon and receptor site were of the order 10(-9)-10(-11) M. All human cells tested showed such binding. Occupation of these high-affinity sites, at 37 degrees C, was compared with the inhibition of cellular growth due to interferon. The most sensitive cell line (Daudi) gave a complete biological response with only a fraction of its sites occupied. Evidence of two sites was found for a line (P3HRI) showing intermediate sensitivity. A relatively insensitive line (Raji) showed no response when all its high-affinity sites were occupied.
The Role of Antisense RNA in Gene Regulation (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
A Concise, Stereocontrolled Thiazolium Ylide Approach to Kainic Acid (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Concise, Stereocontrolled Thiazolium Ylide Approach to Kainic AcidJames A. Monn and Matthew J. ValliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 10, 2773–2778Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00089a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views792Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (682 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
De toegevoegde waarde van de instructeur (2014)

Gerrit Post heeft naar aanleiding van het uitbrengen van haar thesis een gesprek gehad met Suzy Deurinck over het effect dat een instructeur heeft op de manier waarop baas-hond combinaties leren en met elkaar omgaan. Instructief!
Thermodynamic Behavior and Physical Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals (1994)

The parallel alignment of anisotropic molecules gives rise to the anisotropy of various physical properties, which is the striking feature of the liquid-crystalline state. It will be shown that there is a close relation between the anisotropy of physical properties and the molecular structure, as well as the phase structure. The anisotropy of physical properties is an essential condition for a number of practical applications besides the temperature range and the chemical stability. Therefore, the knowledge of structure-property relations is of growing interest in molecular engineering of liquid crystalline compounds with specific properties.
Design of Light Scattering in Nanowire Materials for Photovoltaic Applications (2008)

We experimentally investigate the optical properties of layers of InP, Si, and GaP nanowires, relevant for applications in solar cells. The nanowires are strongly photonic, resulting in a significant coupling mismatch with incident light due to multiple scattering. We identify a design principle for the effective suppression of reflective losses, based on the ratio of the nondiffusive absorption and diffusive scattering lengths. Using this principle, we demonstrate successful suppression of the hemispherical diffuse reflectance of InP nanowires to below that of the corresponding transparent effective medium. The design of light scattering in nanowire materials is of large importance for optimization of the external efficiency of nanowire-based photovoltaic devices.
Tissue engineering a blood vessel: Regulation of vascular biology by mechanical stresses (1994)

Important to the tissue engineering of a substitute blood vessel is an understanding of those factors which regulate vascular biology. A major factor in this regulation is the mechanical environment imposed by the hemodynamics of the vascular system. In this the vascular endothelium plays a critical role, and over the past two decades much has been learned about the influence of hemodynamics on vascular endothelial biology, to a large degree using cell culture to study the effects of flow and cyclic stretch. In our laboratory, such studies are now being extended through the development of a model of the arterial wall involving the co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. The development of such a model and its use in the study of hemodynamic effects represents necessary steps in the evolution of approaches to tissue engineering a blood vessel.
Proteolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin (1997)

Flaviviruses are assembled intracellularly in an immature form containing heterodimers of two envelope proteins, E and prM. Shortly before the virion exits the cell, prM is cleaved by a cellular enzyme, and this processing step can be blocked by treatment with agents that raise the pH of exocytic compartments. We carried out in vivo and in vitro studies with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus to investigate the possible role of furin in this process as well as the functional consequences of prM cleavage. We found that prM in immature virions can be correctly cleaved in vitro by recombinant bovine furin but that efficient cleavage occurs only after exposure of the virion to mildly acidic pH. The data suggest that exposure to an acidic environment induces an irreversible structural change that renders the cleavage site accessible to the enzyme. Cleavage by furin in vitro resulted in biological activation, as shown by a 100-fold increase in specific infectivity, the acquisition of membrane fusion and hemagglutination activity, and the ability of the envelope proteins to undergo low-pH-induced structural rearrangements characteristic of mature virions. In vivo, prM cleavage was blocked by a furin inhibitor, and infection of the furin-deficient cell line LoVo yielded only immature virions, suggesting that furin is essential for cleavage activation of flaviviruses.
Robust Cardinality and Cost Estimation for Skyline Operator (2006)

Incorporating the skyline operator inside the relational engine requires solving the cardinality estimation and the cost estimation problem, hitherto unaddressed. We propose robust techniques to estimate the cardinality and the computational cost of Skyline, and through an empirical comparison, show that our technique is substantially more effective than traditional approaches. Finally, we show through an implementation in Microsoft SQL Server that skyline queries can substantially benefit from our techniques.
Improvements of rolling circle amplification (RCA) efficiency and accuracy using Thermus thermophilus SSB mutant protein (2006)

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) of plasmid or genomic DNA using random hexamers and bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase has become increasingly popular in the amplification of template DNA in DNA sequencing. We have found that the mutant protein of single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) from Thermus thermophilus (Tth) HB8 enhances the efficiency of amplification of DNA templates. In addition, the TthSSB mutant protein increased the specificity of phi29 DNA polymerase. We have overexpressed the native and mutant forms of TthSSB protein in Escherichia coli and purified them to homogeneity. In vitro, these proteins were found to bind specifically to single-stranded DNA. Addition of TthSSB mutant protein to RCA halved the elongation time required for phi29 DNA polymerase to synthesize DNA fragments in RCA. Furthermore, the presence of the TthSSB mutant protein essentially eliminates nonspecific DNA products in RCA reactions.
High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of human plasma proteins. (1977)

The two-dimensional electrophoretic technique of O'Farrell has been adapted to the analysis of human plasma proteins, and 30 polypeptides have been identified in the pattern produced. Genetic variants involving charge (isoelectric point) or size (molecular weight in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) changes should be routinely detectable in at least 20 proteins at once, facilitating studies of human mutation rates.
The 38-kDa Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Review (1992)

This review illustrates that the 38-kDa protein is one of the most important antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is actively secreted but partly attached to the surface of the mycobacterial cell by a lipid tail that may also be responsible for binding of carbohydrate to the protein. It is a major constituent of M. tuberculosis culture fluid after growth on the synthetic Sauton medium and occurs in bacille Calmette-Guérin in far lower concentrations. The protein induces B and T cell responses with high specificity for infection with M. tuberculosis and is a prime candidate for development of new diagnostic reagents for tuberculosis.
Mammalian myotube dedifferentiation induced by newt regeneration extract (2001)

Newts are capable of regenerating several anatomical structures and organs, including their limbs. This remarkable regenerative capacity is thought to depend on cellular dedifferentiation. Terminally differentiated mammalian cells, by contrast, are normally incapable of reversing the differentiation process. Several factors could explain the absence of cellular dedifferentiation in mammals: (i) inadequate expression of genes that initiate dedifferentiation; (ii) insufficient intracellular signaling pathways; (iii) irreversible expression of differentiation factors; and (iv) structural characteristics that make dedifferentiation impossible. To investigate the causes underlying the lack of cellular plasticity in mammalian cells, we examined the effect of an extract derived from newt regenerating limbs on terminally differentiated mouse C2C12 myotubes. Approximately 18% of murine myotubes reentered the cell cycle when treated with regeneration extract, whereas 25% of newt myotubes exhibited cell cycle reentry. The muscle differentiation proteins MyoD, myogenin, and troponin T were reduced to undetectable levels in 15-30% of treated murine myotubes. We observed cellular cleavage in 11% of the treated murine myotubes and approximately 50% of these myotubes continued to cleave to produce proliferating mononucleated cells. These data indicate that mammalian myotubes can dedifferentiate when stimulated with the appropriate factors and suggest that one mechanism preventing dedifferentiation of mammalian cells is inadequate spatial or temporal expression of genes that initiate dedifferentiation.
Neurophysiological Refinement of Subthalamic Nucleus Targeting (2002)

The principal objectives of microelectrode recording refinement of anatomic targeting are precise identification of the borders of the STN and thus determination of its maximal length. Microelectrode recording also allows identification of the longest and most lateral segment of the STN, which is our preferred target for STN DBS electrode implantation. Macrostimulation via the final DBS electrode is then used primarily to establish the side effect profile for postoperative stimulation. Microelectrode recording is a helpful targeting adjunct that will continue to facilitate our understanding of basal ganglion physiological features.
Nonsteroidal signals originating in the gonads (1992)

The discovery of the various peptide factors in the gonads followed different paths. A number of factors were specifically searched for because of physiological experiments that predicted that an activity from the gonads was necessary to explain phenomena. Such was the case for gonadal steroids and for such peptide factors as inhibin, MIS, OMI, FRP, seminal plasma inhibin, relaxin, PA factor and other proteases, and ABP. In the process other factors such as activin and follistatin were serendipitously discovered. A second group of factors was discovered because in vitro experiments of various combinations of gonadal cell types failed to replicate in vivo findings, suggesting missing signals. Such substances are the panoply of growth factors aiding in differentiation and growth promotion and inhibition: LS and LI, P-Mod-S, clusterin, and various components of the ECM. Finally, and most recently, another set of peptides has been identified because immunological or molecular probes have been used to search gonadal tissue for factors originally discovered elsewhere; these include POMC, GnRH-like peptide, oxytocin, AVP, angiotensin, ANF, CRF, neural peptides, and c-mos. Our understanding of the relationship of most of these peptides to the local signals necessary for gonadal function is still very elementary. Clearly some like relaxin and inhibin function as important hormones, and ABP, for example, probably functions importantly in transporting testosterone down the tubule. Most local paracrine or autocrine peptide signals appear to act in relationship to gonadotropin levels probably in local differentiation in the process of gamete maturation, but this is only conjecture at this point. No experimental verification that any of these factors is involved in follicle selection for recruitment or for atresia is yet available. For many of the factors local receptors have not yet been identified. The richness of the variety of peptides in the gonads suggests that microanalysis of cell-cell signaling would be rewarding, but at the time of this writing such investigations are not yet possible.
MicroRNA-mediated inhibition of transgene expression reduces dorsal root ganglion toxicity by AAV vectors in primates (2020)

Delivering adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors into the central nervous system of nonhuman primates (NHPs) via the blood or cerebral spinal fluid is associated with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) toxicity. Conventional immune-suppression regimens do not prevent this toxicity, possibly because it may be caused by high transduction rates, which can, in turn, cause cellular stress due to an overabundance of the transgene product in target cells. To test this hypothesis and develop an approach to eliminate DRG toxicity, we exploited endogenous expression of microRNA (miR) 183 complex, which is largely restricted to DRG neurons, to specifically down-regulate transgene expression in these cells. We introduced sequence targets for miR183 into the vector genome within the 3' untranslated region of the corresponding transgene messenger RNA and injected vectors into the cisterna magna of NHPs. Administration of unmodified AAV vectors resulted in robust transduction of target tissues and toxicity in DRG neurons. Consistent with the proposal that immune system activity does not mediate this neuronal toxicity, we found that steroid administration was ineffective in alleviating this pathology. However, including miR183 targets in the vectors reduced transgene expression in, and toxicity of, DRG neurons without affecting transduction elsewhere in the primate's brain. This approach might be useful in reducing DRG toxicity and the associated morbidity and should facilitate the development of AAV-based gene therapies for many central nervous system diseases.
Inorganic Materials for Bone Repair or Replacement Applications (2007)

In recent years, excipient systems have been used increasingly in biomedicine in reconstructive and replacement surgery, as bone cements, drug-delivery vehicles and contrast agents. Particularly, interest has been growing in the development and application of controlled pore inorganic ceramic materials for use in bone-replacement and bone-repair roles and, in this context, attention has been focused on calcium-phosphate, bioactive glasses and SiO2- and TiO2-based materials. It has been shown that inorganic materials that most closely mimic bone structure and surface chemistry most closely function best in bone replacement/repair and, in particular, if a substance possesses a macroporous structure (pores and interconnections >100 microm diameter), then cell infiltration, bone growth and vascularization can all be promoted. The surface roughness and micro/mesoporosity of a material have also been observed to significantly influence its ability to promote apatite nucleation and cell attachment significantly. Pores (where present) can also be packed with pharmaceuticals and biomolecules (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins [BMPs], which can stimulate bone formation). Finally, the most bio-efficient - in terms of collagen formation and apatite nucleation - materials are those that are able to provide soluble mineralizing species (Si, Ca, PO(4)) at their implant sites and/or are doped or have been surface-activated with specific functional groups. This article presents the context and latest advances in the field of bone-repair materials, especially with respect to the development of bioactive glasses and micro/mesoporous and macroporous inorganic scaffolds. It deals with the possible methods of preparing porous pure/doped or functionalized silicas or their composites, the studies that have been undertaken to evaluate their abilities to act as bone repair scaffolds and also presents future directions for work in that context.
Omega-3 fatty acids in diabetes mellitus. Gift from the sea? (1989)

The potential role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of atherosclerotic disease in the nondiabetic population currently engenders interest, enthusiasm, and controversy. Some apparently beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet function, eicosanoid formation, plasma triglyceride levels, and blood pressure have been described in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, enthusiasm for the use of omega-3 fatty acids in diabetes has been dampened by reports of potentially deleterious effects of these agents, including increased plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and serum apolipoprotein B levels. These adverse effects have been achieved with large, perhaps excessive, doses of omega-3 fatty acids, in the range of 4-10 g/day. The magnitude of these adverse effects has been small (typically 10-36%). It cannot be assumed that the effects of omega-3 fatty acids are the same in patients with diabetes mellitus as in nondiabetic subjects or patients with primary hyperlipidemia. First, the biosynthesis and composition of fatty acids is abnormal in diabetic animals and possibly in diabetic patients. Second, many potential mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are present in diabetic but not necessarily in nondiabetic subjects. Third, the mechanisms of many of the risk factors in diabetic patients differ from the mechanisms of these abnormalities in nondiabetic subjects, reflecting the effects of insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and their sequelae. Finally, because diabetes is a heterogeneous group of diseases, the effects of omega-3 fatty acids must be addressed separately for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and possibly other forms of diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Poly(β-amino esters): Procedures for Synthesis and Gene Delivery (2008)

Non-viral gene delivery systems are promising as they avoid many problems of viral gene therapy by having increased design flexibility, high safety, large DNA cargo capacity, and ease of manufacture. Here, we describe the use of polymeric vectors, in particular biodegradable poly(beta-amino esters) (PBAEs), for non-viral gene delivery. These polymers are able to self-assemble with DNA and form positively charged gene delivery nanoparticles. Methods for synthesis of these polymers, particle self-assembly, and transfection using these particles are delineated. A standard protocol is presented as well as a high-throughput screening technique that can be used to more quickly optimize transfection parameters for efficient delivery.
Power aware FinFET and lateral nanosheet FET targeting for 3nm CMOS technology (2017)

In this paper, we show how 5.5 tracks standard cells can be enabled at gate pitch 42 nm and metal pitch 21 nm and achieve 60% active power reduction from the 7nm node. A device downselection methodology driven by power and performance targets is introduced. This method demonstrates that three stacked nanosheets of 20 nm width are competitive with FinFETs made with two fins while relaxing the constraints on layout design rules.
The Influenza Virus Resource at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (2007)

Influenza epidemics cause morbidity and mortality worldwide (4). Each year in the United States, more than 200,000 patients are admitted to hospitals because of influenza and there are approximately 36,000 influenza-related deaths (14). In recent years, several subtypes of avian influenza viruses have jumped host species to infect humans. The H5N1 subtype, in particular, has been reported in 328 human cases and has caused 200 human deaths in 12 countries (World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2007_09_10/en/index.html). These viruses have the potential to cause a pandemic in humans. Antiviral drugs and vaccines must be developed to minimize the damage that such a pandemic would bring. To achieve this, it is vital that researchers have free access to viral sequences in a timely fashion, and sequence analysis tools need to be readily available.

Historically, the number of influenza virus sequences in public databases has been far less than those of some well-studied viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus. The number of complete influenza virus genomes has been even smaller. In addition, many of the sequences were collected in the course of influenza surveillance programs that prioritized antigenically novel isolates. Although collecting antigenically novel isolates is appropriate for surveillance, it results in biased samples of sequenced isolates that are not representative of community cases of influenza (2, 13). Therefore, in 2004, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) launched the Influenza Genome Sequencing Project (7), which aims to rapidly sequence influenza viruses from samples collected all over the world. Viral sequences were generated at the J. Craig Venter Institute, annotated at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and deposited in GenBank. In just over 2 years after the initiation of the project, more than 2,000 complete genomes of influenza viruses A and B had been deposited in GenBank. To help the research community to make full use of the wealth of information from such a large amount of data, which will be increasing continuously, the Influenza Virus Resource was created at NCBI in 2004.