gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Familial breast cancer]. (1995)

Japanese breast cancer families were collected and classified into the following 7 types according to the onset age and the distribution of other cancers in the family lines; early-onset type, late-onset type, familial breast-ovarian cancer type, familial breast-prostate cancer type, familial breast-thyroid cancer type, familial male and female breast cancer type and multiple primary cancer type. We have detected no p53 germ line mutations in the patients from these families. Linkage with BRCA1 was not detected in any single families. These data indicate that neither BRCA1 or p53 is a major susceptible gene in Japanese familial breast cancer. However, in the two site-specific breast cancer families, the same nonsense mutation of the BRCA1 gene was detected.
Myostatin blockade with a fully human monoclonal antibody induces muscle hypertrophy and reverses muscle atrophy in young and aged mice (2015)

We show that specific myostatin antagonism with the human antibody REGN1033 enhanced muscle mass and function in young and aged mice and had beneficial effects in models of skeletal muscle atrophy.
Herpes zoster infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation (1989)

One hundred fifty-three patients who underwent autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) were studied retrospectively to determine the frequency, outcome, and risk-factors associated with varicella-zoster infections (VZV). Forty-three patients (28%) developed VZV infection after transplant. The median onset of infection was the fifth month, with 91% of cases occurring within the first year. Thirty-three patients (77%) had localized herpes zoster, and ten patients (23%) had varicella. Cutaneous dissemination developed in 15% of patients and probable visceral dissemination developed in 5%. Overall morbidity was 25% and included scarring, alopecia, postherpetic neuralgia, and neurologic dysfunction. There were no deaths from VZV infection. The majority of patients (79%) were treated with intravenous (IV) acyclovir. The only significant risk factor associated with VZV infection was the underlying disease. VZV infection occurred most frequently in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (46%) as compared with patients with leukemia (23%) or solid tumors (9%) (P less than .002). The frequency of VZV infection in ABMT patients appears to be comparable to that reported for allogeneic BMT patients and other immunocompromised patients.
A simple vector system to improve performance and utilisation of recombinant antibodies (2006)

Nine scFv expression vectors have been generated and tested. Three vectors showed utility for expression of functional scFv fragments. One vector, pSANG14-3F, produces scFv-alkaline phosphatase fusion molecules which offers a simple, convenient and sensitive way of determining the reactivity of recombinant antibody fragments in a variety of common assay systems.
Amorphous Cerium−Titanium Solid Solution Phosphate as a Novel Family of Band Gap Tunable Sunscreen Materials (2003)

A series of amorphous phosphates of Ce1-xTixP2O7 has been developed as a band gap tunable inorganic material. The optical absorption edge can be tuned through the desired range in the ultraviolet region by simple composition adjustments. This amorphous material consists of harmless elements and is a promising safety sunscreen agent.
Disulfide Bond-Dependent Mechanism of Protection against Oxidative Stress in Pyruvate-Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase of Anaerobic Desulfovibrio Bacteria (2007)

Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate forming acetyl-coenzyme A is a crucial step in many metabolic pathways. In most anaerobes, this reaction is carried out by pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), an enzyme normally oxygen sensitive except in Desulfovibrio africanus (Da), where it shows an abnormally high oxygen stability. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have specified a disulfide bond-dependent protective mechanism against oxidative conditions in Da PFOR. Our data demonstrated that the two cysteine residues forming the only disulfide bond in the as-isolated PFOR are crucial for the stability of the enzyme in oxidative conditions. A methionine residue located in the environment of the proximal [4Fe-4S] cluster was also found to be essential for this protective mechanism. In vivo analysis demonstrated unambiguously that PFOR in Da cells as well as two other Desulfovibrio species was efficiently protected against oxidative stress. Importantly, a less active but stable Da PFOR in oxidized cells rapidly reactivated when returned to anaerobic medium. Our work demonstrates the existence of an elegant disulfide bond-dependent reversible mechanism, found in the Desulfovibrio species to protect one of the key enzymes implicated in the central metabolism of these strict anaerobes. This new mechanism could be considered as an adaptation strategy used by sulfate-reducing bacteria to cope with temporary oxidative conditions and to maintain an active dormancy.
Insulin analog possessing higher in vitro biological activity than receptor binding affinity. [21-Proline-B]insulin (1983)

To study the effect of an increase in the potential for beta-turn formation of the B20-B23 segment of the B-chain moiety on the biological behavior of insulin, the [21-proline-B]insulin [( Pro21-B]insulin) was synthesized. The in vitro biological activity and the receptor binding affinity of this analogue were compared with that of insulin. In stimulating labeled glucose incorporation into lipids in rat fat cells, the analogue displayed 33.2% potency relative to insulin; receptor binding affinity for the analogue was 15.9% in rat liver membranes and 17.8% in isolated fat cells. [Pro21-B]insulin is thus the first example of a modified insulin for which the biological activity exceeds the receptor binding potency. The secondary structure of this analogue was investigated by circular dichroism studies. Although no significant differences in the conformation of monomeric insulin and analogue could be discerned, their difference in behavior with respect to dimerization and biological properties indicates that these forms are not equivalent. We suggest that the intrinsic activity of receptor-bound [Pro21-B]insulin is greater than that of insulin, although the receptor displays greater affinity for insulin than for the analogue. We consider a model for the interaction between insulin and its receptor that accommodates our findings.
The mode of action of the antitumor drug bouvardin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells (1982)

Bouvardin is an antitumor drug that inhibits protein synthesis in intact eukaryotic cells and cell-free systems. Our present studies have shown that bouvardin acts at the level of the 80 S ribosome in a site somehow involved with the interaction of EF1 and EF2. Indeed bouvardin inhibits EF1-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and EF2-dependent translocation of peptidyl-tRNA but does not affect the nonenzymic translocation since this reaction does not require EF2. The site of the 80 S ribosome involved in the interaction with bouvardin appears to be independent from the cycloheximide and the cryptopleurine binding sites since yeast mutants resistant to cycloheximide or cryptopleurine are sensitive to bouvardin.
Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial Ru/Co2FeAl/MgO heterostructures (2017)

Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in magnetic heterostructures is a key technology for achieving energy-efficiency electronic devices with ultralow power consumption. Here, we report the first demonstration of the VCMA effect in novel epitaxial Ru/Co<sub>2</sub>FeAl(CFA)/MgO heterostructures with interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions with the structure of Ru/CFA/MgO were fabricated and exhibited an effective voltage control on switching fields for the CFA free layer. Large VCMA coefficients of 108 and 139 fJ/Vm for the CFA film were achieved at room temperature and 4 K, respectively. The interfacial stability in the heterostructure was confirmed by repeating measurements. Temperature dependences of both the interfacial PMA and the VCMA effect were also investigated. It is found that the temperature dependences follow power laws of the saturation magnetization with an exponent of ~2, where the latter is definitely weaker than that of conventional Ta/CoFeB/MgO. The significant VCMA effect observed in this work indicates that the Ru/CFA/MgO heterostructure could be one of the promising candidates for spintronic devices with voltage control.
Neuromorphic architectures for fast adaptive robot control (2003)

An architecture for an adaptive neuromorphic system designed to control a robot is suggested. The proposed architecture utilizes two important features of neural networks: the abundance of local minima in the network's state space and the uniformity of convergence of these minima in the face of growing dimensionality. The proposed approach is expected to yield controllers which are both faster and simpler than controllers which are designed by the methods of model reference adaptive control and self-tuning regulator. The controller's complexity is expected not to grow exponentially with the number of unknown parameters, and to allow adaptation in both continuous and discrete parameter domains. The possible benefits of the architecture are demonstrated on a single-degree-of-freedom manipulator, whose controller is assisted by a neural estimator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phototransduction, Dark Adaptation, and Rhodopsin Regeneration The Proctor Lecture (2006)

FIGURE 1. Anatomical features of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and photoreceptors. (A) Schematic of mammalian rod photoreceptor, illustrating disposition in relation to (B). (B) Light micrograph of the parafoveal region of rhesus monkey choroid, RPE, and distal retina. (C) Cutaway schematic of choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, retinal pigment epithelial cells
Phosphatase-Activated Prodrugs of Paclitaxel (1994)

In an effort to supplant the Cremophore EL® based intravenous formulation of paclitaxel, a program on synthesis and evaluation of water-soluble, phosphatase activated prodrugs was initiated. Prototype, water-soluble prodrugs of paclitaxel namely, C-2′ and C-7 phosphate derivatives were found to be unsuitable as prodrugs of paclitaxel in-vivo. This was attributed to the steric congestion about the C-2′ and C-7 phosphate moieties of these derivatives resulting in them being poor substrates for phosphatase enzymes in-vivo. To surmount this steric hurdle, synthesis of novel phosphates as pro-prodrugs of paclitaxel was undertaken. The successful pro-prodrugs incorporated a self-immolative linker carrying a phosphate group which served as a solubilizing group and a 'phosphatase trigger' required to unravel paclitaxel after activation by phosphatase enzymes in-vivo.
Purification of a human red blood cell protein supporting the survival of cultured CNS neurons, and its identification as catalase (1986)

We have previously reported that red blood cells contain high levels of a protein that supports the survival of a variety of CNS neurons in vitro for 24 hr. Here we report the isolation of this trophic activity from human red blood cells. The active material, purified over 1000-fold by ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric point, subunit molecular weight, and ability to degrade hydrogen peroxide. Commercially produced bovine liver catalase, lactoperoxidase, HRP, and vitamin E all mimic the ability of the purified human protein to support neuronal survival in vitro. Pharmacological inhibitors of peroxidase activity inhibit the trophic effects of both commercial catalase and the purified blood-derived protein. These results suggest that peroxidase activity mediates the neuronotrophic activity of these agents. The bioassay culture medium itself generates peroxides in the absence of cells. Removal of this toxic material may be the basis for the trophic effects of catalase.
The Effect of Replacement of Methionine by Homocystine on Survival of Malignant and Normal Adult Mammalian Cells in Culture (1974)

In tissue cultures of normal adult and malignant mammalian cells, homocystine has been substituted for methionine in a medium rich in folic acid and cyanocobalamin. Normal adult cells thrive. Three highly malignant cell types from three different species, including man, die.
Patterns for monitoring scenarios to handle state based crosscutting concerns (2008)

This paper describes two patterns, Scenario Monitor and Bind Completed Scenario to Event. The first allows scenarios to be monitored. The second uses scenario monitoring to address state based crosscutting concerns in traditional data transformational systems. Crosscutting concerns are tangled with core application concerns and scattered throughout a system. Core concerns are monitored for scenarios that represent events of interest to a crosscutting concern. When the monitored scenarios complete an event is injected into a crosscutting state machine that may react by introducing additional behavior. These patterns permit the monitoring and subsequent behavioral reaction in a minimally invasive way with loose coupling. No special tools or languages are required. An example using the approach is presented.
Immunochemical Studies on Polysaccharides of Yeasts (1964)

Summary Quantitative precipitin reactions have shown that: Antiserum to C. albicans Group B reacted strongly (80 to 120% of the homologous reaction) with polysaccharides from C. albicans group A, C. stellatoidea, C. tropicalis, H. capsulata and T. pinus; mannans from S. cerevisiae and S. pini precipitated approximately 55% of the antibody; and polysaccharides from H. minuta, H. holstii and C. laurentii var. flavescens less than 10%.Antiserum to C. stellatoidea reacted strongly with C. albicans group B and C. tropicalis mannans (80 to 100%); polysaccharides from C. albicans group A, S. cerevisiae, and H. minuta precipitated 36 to 44% of the antibody; S. pini and H. capsulata, 18% of the antibody; and those from C. laurentii var. flavescens, H. holstii and T. pinus, less than 10%.C. tropicalis antiserum reacted strongly with C. albicans group A and B (91 to 103%); phosphomannan from H. capsulata removed 74% of the antibody; mannan from S. pini, 45%, and all other polysaccharides, less than 10%. Double diffusion reactions in agar showed that all Candida mannans and C. albicans group B or C. stellatoidea antisera produced precipitin lines that fused. Using C. tropicalis antiserum, spur formation was observed between the homologous and group B and C. stellatoidea mannans. Of the other polysaccharides that formed precipitates in agar, all showed spur formation with the homologous mannan.
Overexpression of human alpha-galactosidase A results in its intracellular aggregation, crystallization in lysosomes, and selective secretion. (1992)

Human lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) was stably overexpressed in CHO cells and its biosynthesis and targeting were investigated. Clone AGA5.3-1000Mx, which was the highest enzyme overexpressor, produced intracellular alpha-Gal A levels of 20,900 U/mg (approximately 100 micrograms of enzyme/10(7) cells) and secreted approximately 13,000 U (or 75 micrograms/10(7) cells) per day. Ultrastructural examination of these cells revealed numerous 0.25-1.5 microns crystalline structures in dilated trans-Golgi network (TGN) and in lysosomes which stained with immunogold particles using affinity-purified anti-human alpha-Gal A antibodies. Pulse-chase studies revealed that approximately 65% of the total enzyme synthesized was secreted, while endogenous CHO lysosomal enzymes were not, indicating that the alpha-Gal A secretion was specific. The recombinant intracellular and secreted enzyme forms were normally processed and phosphorylated; the secreted enzyme had mannose-6-phosphate moieties and bound the immobilized 215-kD mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). Thus, the overexpressed enzyme's selective secretion did not result from oversaturation of the M6PR-mediated pathway or abnormal binding to the M6PR. Of note, the secreted alpha-Gal A was sulfated and the percent of enzyme sulfation decreased with increasing amplification, presumably due to the inaccessibility of the enzyme's tyrosine residues for the sulfotransferase in the TGN. Overexpression of human lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and acid sphingomyelinase in CHO cell lines also resulted in their respective selective secretion. In vitro studies revealed that purified secreted alpha-Gal A was precipitated as a function of enzyme concentration and pH, with 30% of the soluble enzyme being precipitated when 10 mg/ml of enzyme was incubated at pH 5.0. Thus, it is hypothesized that these overexpressed lysosomal enzymes are normally modified until they reach the TGN where the more acidic environment of this compartment causes the formation of soluble and particulate enzyme aggregates. A significant proportion of these enzyme aggregates are unable to bind the M6PR and are selectively secreted via the constitutive secretory pathway, while endogenous lysosomal enzymes bind the M6PRs and are transported to lysosomes.
Role of animal models for the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. (1997)

The etiology of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is still unknown. Recent studies including animal models of intestinal inflammation have identified interactions between the mucosal immune system, host genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, including normal intestinal microflora. Although the ideal animal model of IBD has not been found, each model can study pathogenetic factors such as acute intestinal injury and healing, acute and chronic inflammation, regulation by key cytokines, T-lymphocyte mediation, the role of luminal bacteria, immunoregulatory factors and genetic susceptibility. The relevance of these studies for the treatment of IBD is also discussed.
Myocardial Ischemia Caused by Distal Coronary-Artery Constriction in Stable Angina Pectoris (1990)

We propose that the constriction of distal coronary arteries, collateral vessels, or both may cause myocardial ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina.
Kaldi Speech Recognition Toolkit (2024)

Abstract—We describe the design of Kaldi, a free, open-source toolkit for speech recognition research. Kaldi provides a speech recognition system based on finite-state transducers (using the freely available OpenFst), together with detailed documentation and scripts for building complete recognition systems. Kaldi is written is C++, and the core library supports modeling of arbitrary phonetic-context sizes, acoustic modeling with subspace Gaussian mixture models (SGMM) as well as standard Gaussian mixture models, together with all commonly used linear and affine transforms. Kaldi is released under the Apache License v2.0, which is highly nonrestrictive, making it suitable for a wide community of users. I.
Analysis and optimization of the performance of OFDM on frequency-selective time-selective fading channels (1999)

In mobile radio communication, the fading channels generally exhibit both time-selectivity and frequency-selectivity. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing has been proposed to combat the frequency-selectivity, but its performance is also affected by the time-selectivity. We investigate how various parameters, such as the number of carriers, the guard time length, and the sampling offset between receiver and transmitter, affect the system performance. Further, we determine the optimum values of the above parameters, which minimize the degradation of the signal to-noise ratio at the input of the decision device.
Ranking-based clustering of heterogeneous information networks with star network schema (2009)

A heterogeneous information network is an information network
Gonadotrophins inhibit the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein-2 mRNA in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells (2002)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) have been shown to be involved in ovarian follicular growth/development and steroidogenesis. Recently, a number of low-affinity IGFBP-related proteins (IGFBP-rP) have been characterized. In this study, we investigated the expression of the gene for IGFBP-rP2 (also known as connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) in human granulosa cells in vitro and in vivo. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that IGFBP-rP2 mRNA is expressed in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells obtained from women undergoing an IVF programme. Accumulation of IGFBP-rP2 mRNA was dose-dependently down-regulated by FSH and LH after 24 h treatment (both P < 0.05) in cultured granulosa-luteal cells. The inhibitory effects of gonadotrophins were mimicked by treatment with the protein kinase A activator, (Bu)(2)cAMP. Protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine reduced, whereas protein kinase C activator TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate) increased, IGFBP-rP2 mRNA accumulation. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of gonadotrophins on IGFBP-rP2 gene expression may involve signal transduction via both protein kinase A and C pathways. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for IGFBP-rP2 in the granulosa and theca cells of normal human ovarian follicles. Corpus luteum and ovarian surface epithelial cells were also positively stained. Modulation of IGFBP-rP2 expression by gonadotrophic hormones may have a role in ovarian follicular development and in the ovulatory process.
P450-Mediated Coupling of Indole Fragments To Forge Communesin and Unnatural Isomers (2016)

Dimeric indole alkaloids are structurally diverse natural products that have attracted significant attention from the synthetic and biosynthetic communities. Here, we describe the characterization of a P450 monooxygenase CnsC from Penicillium that catalyzes the heterodimeric coupling between two different indole moieties, tryptamine and aurantioclavine, to construct vicinal quaternary stereocenters and yield the heptacyclic communesin scaffold. We show, via biochemical characterization, substrate analogues, and computational methods that CnsC catalyzes the C3-C3' carbon-carbon bond formation and controls the regioselectivities of the pair of subsequent aminal bond formations to yield the communesin core. Use of ω-N-methyltryptamine and tryptophol in place of tryptamine led to the enzymatic synthesis of isocommunesin compounds, which have not been isolated to date.
Impact of MOSFET Gate-Oxide Reliability on CMOS Operational Amplifier in a 130-nm Low-Voltage Process (2008)

The effect of the MOSFET gate-oxide reliability on operational amplifier is investigated with the two-stage and folded-cascode structures in a 130-nm low-voltage CMOS process. The test operation conditions include unity-gain buffer (close-loop) and comparator (open-loop) configurations under the dc stress, ac stress with dc offset, and large-signal transition stress. After overstress, the small-signal parameters, such as small-signal gain, unity-gain frequency, and phase margin, are measured to verify the impact of gate-oxide reliability on circuit performances of the operational amplifier. The gate-oxide reliability in the operational amplifier can be improved by the stacked configuration under small-signal input and output application. The impact of soft and hard gate-oxide breakdowns on operational amplifiers with two-stage and folded-cascode structures has been analyzed and discussed. The hard breakdown has more serious impact on the operational amplifier.