gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Receptor Isoform A, a Newly Recognized, High-Affinity Insulin-Like Growth Factor II Receptor in Fetal and Cancer Cells (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a peptide growth factor that is homologous to both insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin and plays an important role in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. IGF-II is believed to mediate its cellular signaling via the transmembrane tyrosine kinase type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-I-R), which is also the receptor for IGF-I. Earlier studies with both cultured cells and transgenic mice, however, have suggested that in the embryo the insulin receptor (IR) may also be a receptor for IGF-II. In most cells and tissues, IR binds IGF-II with relatively low affinity. The IR is expressed in two isoforms (IR-A and IR-B) differing by 12 amino acids due to the alternative splicing of exon 11. In the present study we found that IR-A but not IR-B bound IGF-II with an affinity close to that of insulin. Moreover, IGF-II bound to IR-A with an affinity equal to that of IGF-II binding to the IGF-I-R. Activation of IR-A by insulin led primarily to metabolic effects, whereas activation of IR-A by IGF-II led primarily to mitogenic effects. These differences in the biological effects of IR-A when activated by either IGF-II or insulin were associated with differential recruitment and activation of intracellular substrates. IR-A was preferentially expressed in fetal cells such as fetal fibroblasts, muscle, liver and kidney and had a relatively increased proportion of isoform A. IR-A expression was also increased in several tumors including those of the breast and colon. These data indicate, therefore, that there are two receptors for IGF-II, both IGF-I-R and IR-A. Further, they suggest that interaction of IGF-II with IR-A may play a role both in fetal growth and cancer biology.
Mammalian DNA Ligases (1992)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Real-Time Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremity (1990)

One hundred twenty-six patients with clinically suspected acute deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity (DVT) were examined comparatively with ultrasound and venography. In total, 174 lower extremity venograms were obtained. Ultrasonic examinations were performed on patients in the supine position. The venous segments were evaluated almost exclusively with transversal scanning. In the thigh, the only criterion for DVT was the reduced or absent compressibility of the venous lumen when gently compressed with the transducer. In the calf, normal unobstructed veins can usually not be viewed in the supine patient, whereas thrombotic veins appear as sonolucent, incompressible channels. Eight-three of the 174 lower extremity venograms were positive for DVT. In the majority of cases (53 of 83) the thrombotic process had involved two or more segments in combination. The sites of involvement of the different venous segments were distributed as follows: 24 occlusions of the common femoral vein, 52 of the superficial femoral vein, 56 of the popliteal vein, and 71 of the calf veins. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 100% for thrombosis of the common femoral vein, 96% for the superficial femoral veins, 98% for the popliteal vein, and 93% for the calf veins. For the entire lower extremity, in regard to the diagnosis of thrombosis, the overall sensitivity was 95%. In 90% the extension of the occlusion was foreseen correctly. In no cases were false-positive results reported. Thus the overall specificity was 100%. The authors conclude that real-time ultrasound is a highly accurate method for the diagnosis of DVT of the lower extremity. It is the only indirect method capable of evaluating the venous system of the thigh, as well as that of the calf, with high accuracy. It should be the first choice of diagnostic imaging method in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity.
The effect of cyclosporine A on infection of susceptible cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1988)

The effect of cyclosporine A (CyA) on the ability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to infect the H-9 T-cell leukemic line, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2)-grown human peripheral blood-derived lymphocytes, has been studied. Pretreatment of H-9 cells and human lymphocytes with CyA over 24 hours completely prevented viral infection over a 21-day period, whereas the addition of drug at two hours postinfection with HIV-1 had a significant inhibitory effect on viral replication and expression of the virus-specific antigens p17 and p24. However, if CyA was added at later times to these lymphocytic cells, this inhibitory effect was lost. Indeed, the removal of CyA from cultures that had been treated from two hours after infection led to the rapid production of progeny virus. HIV-1 was able to infect peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from each of four kidney allograft recipients on long-term CyA antirejection therapy, as long as drug was not included in the culture medium. In addition, we asked what effect pretreatment with CyA of cells of the U-937 monocytic line and primary cultures of human monocytes/macrophages might have on infection by HIV-1. CyA had no demonstrable effect on the ability of HIV-1 to infect cells of either type.
Enhanced lesion visualization in image-guided noninvasive surgery with ultrasound phased arrays (2005)

We describe dual-mode ultrasound phased arrays for noninvasive image-guided surgical applications. In particular, we address the problem of real-time visualization of thermal lesion formation in the target (e.g., tumor) tissue using the therapeutic arrays. Post beamforming filter bank image reconstruction with nonlinear compounding is utilized to improve the lesion contrast in the (typically) very low-contrast ultrasound images. It is shown that the new image reconstruction algorithm leads to measurable improvement in lesion contrast on the order of 6-15 dB. This leads to significant improvement in lesion detectability and size estimation by standard segmentation techniques for speckle imagery. Experimental results strongly suggest that 2/sup nd/ harmonic imaging could play an important role in the enhancement of real-time lesion visualization.
The Design and Synthesis of Potent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3–4A Proteinase (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the cause of the majority of transfusion-associated hepatitis and a significant proportion of community-acquired hepatitis worldwide. Infection by HCV frequently leads to persistent infections that result in a range of clinical conditions including an asymptomatic carrier state, severe chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and, in some cases, hepatocellular carcinoma. The HCV genome consists of a single-stranded, positive sense RNA containing an open reading frame of approximately 9060 nucleotides. This is translated into a single polyprotein of approximately 3020 amino acids (C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B), which in turn is processed by a series of host and viral proteinases into at least 10 cleavage products. The N-terminal portion of the NS3 protein encodes a serine proteinase that is responsible for the cleavage at the NS3-4A, NS4A-4B, NS4B-5A and NS5A-5B junctions. The 54 amino acid NS4A protein is a cofactor that binds to the NS3 protein and enhances its proteolytic activity. This report describes the expression of a recombinant NS3-4A proteinase fusion protein in Escherichia coli and the in vitro characterization of the enzyme activity using synthetic peptide substrates. It then demonstrates how these results were employed to guide the design of potent inhibitors of this enzyme.
Solid-State Qubits with Current-Controlled Coupling (2006)

The ability to switch the coupling between quantum bits (qubits) on and off is essential for implementing many quantum-computing algorithms. We demonstrated such control with two flux qubits coupled together through their mutual inductances and through the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) that reads out their magnetic flux states. A bias current applied to the SQUID in the zero-voltage state induced a change in the dynamic inductance, reducing the coupling energy controllably to zero and reversing its sign.
Cigarette Smoke Induced Airway Inflammation Is Independent of NF-κB Signalling (2013)

In this study we present compelling evidence that the IKK-2/NF-κB signalling pathway does not play a prominent role in the inflammatory response to CS exposure and that this pathway may not be important in COPD pathogenesis.
Comparison of five tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples (1996)

Five different laboratory tests for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus were compared. Analyses of 271 presumptive S. aureus strains, supplemented with 59 well-defined methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, were performed. Only the Staphaurex Plus (Murex Diagnostics, Dartford, United Kingdom) and the Pastorex Staphplus (Sanofi, Marnes-La-Coquette, France) tests displayed 100% sensitivity. The observed difference with the free-coagulase test (Bacto coagulase plasma; Difco, Detroit, Mich.), a bound-coagulase (clumping factor) test, and the former Staphaurex test (Murex Diagnostics) was caused mainly by the inability of these three tests to identify some MRSA strains correctly. Among Polish MRSA isolates included in the analysis, a group of free-coagulase-negative S. aureus strains was detected. Genetic typing by random amplification of polymorphic DNA revealed that the strains showing aberrant behavior when the different test results were compared belonged to limited number of S. aureus clones.
Prognostic Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients (2005)

Neither the overexpressed wild-type EGFR nor EGFRvIII was an independent predictor of median overall survival in this selected cohort of patients who underwent extensive tumor resection. However, in patients surviving > or =1 year, the expression of EGFRvIII was an independent negative prognostic indicator.
Caveolae-Mediated internalization of extracellular HIV-1 tat fusion proteins visualized in real time (2003)

The Tat protein from HIV-1, when fused with heterologous proteins or peptides, can traverse cell membranes. This ability has generated great interest due to potential therapeutic applications. However, the relevant cellular pathway and its dynamics have not been elucidated yet. Here we unravel the intracellular fate of exogenously added Tat fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live HeLa and CHO cells, from the early interaction with the plasma membrane up to the long-term accumulation in the perinuclear region. We demonstrate that the internalization process of full-length Tat and of heterologous proteins fused to the transduction domain of Tat exploits a caveolar-mediated pathway and is inhibited at 4 degrees C. Remarkably, a slow linear movement toward the nucleus of individual GFP-tagged Tat-filled caveolae with an average velocity of 3 micro m/h was observed. No fluorescence was observed in the nucleus, possibly suggesting that Tat fusion protein unfolding is required for nuclear translocation. In addition, early sensitivity to cytochalasin-D treatment indicates the essential role of the actin cytoskeleton in the displacement of Tat vesicles toward the nucleus. Our results imply that HIV-1 Tat mediates the internalization of protein cargos in a slow and temperature-dependent manner by exploiting the caveolar pathway.
Renal Cell Carcinoma and Erythropoietin (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Renal Cell Carcinoma and ErythropoietinCem Sungur, MDCem Sungur, MDBayindir Medical Center; Ankara, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the interesting report by Rubins [1] about his patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who responded to human recombinant erythropoietin. The underlying mechanisms of the association between renal cell carcinoma and erythropoietin are still unknown. I describe a patient who developed a local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma while receiving human recombinant erythropoietin.A 51-year-old man had left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The disease recurred 2 years later in his right kidney, and a partial nephrectomy was done. The patient was admitted to a hemodialysis unit, where he received dialysis three times per ...References1. Rubins J. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: response to treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:676-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Cem Sungur, MDAffiliations: Bayindir Medical Center; Ankara, Turkey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFunctional significance of erythropoietin in renal cell carcinomaErythropoietin is a JAK2 and ERK1/2 effector that can promote renal tumor cell proliferation under hypoxic conditionsImmuntherapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms mit Interleukin-2, Interferon-α2a und Erythropoetin-β 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 732-733KeywordsAdrenal glandsAdrenalectomyBehaviorErythropoietinImmunosuppressivesMedical dialysisNephrectomyRenal cell carcinomaRenal diseasesRenal failure ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Soft Lithography in Biology and Biochemistry (2001)

Soft lithography, a set of techniques for microfabrication, is based on printing and molding using elastomeric stamps with the patterns of interest in basrelief. As a technique for fabricating microstructures for biological applications, soft lithography overcomes many of the shortcomings of photolithography. In particular, soft lithography offers the ability to control the molecular structure of surfaces and to pattern the complex molecules relevant to biology, to fabricate channel structures appropriate for microfluidics, and to pattern and manipulate cells. For the relatively large feature sizes used in biology (> or = 50 microns), production of prototype patterns and structures is convenient, inexpensive, and rapid. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are particularly easy to pattern by soft lithography, and they provide exquisite control over surface biochemistry.
Photo-induced structural and physico-chemical changes in amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors (1985)

Abstract The various photo-induced phenomena that occur in chalcogenide glasses are classified and described, with particular emphasis on the photo-dissolution effect. The detailed mechanisms responsible for many of these processes are still unknown, although in the case of photo-darkening in annealed a-As2S3 films, Raman experiments indicate that a light-induced change in the bond distribution from that for a chemically-ordered network towards one characteristic of a random network may be the principal cause. New results on the photo-dissolution of silver into As-S films are presented which indicate that the actinic radiation initiating the effect is absorbed in the photo-doped layer, close to the interface with the undoped region of the chalcogenide film. The basic mechanism responsible for the effect, however, is still not known.
Surface Properties of Right Side-Out Plasma Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Barley Roots and Leaves (1985)

Highly purified plasma membrane vesicles were obtained from roots and leaves of 7-day-old light-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Kristina) seedlings by partitioning of crude microsomal fractions in a dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system. Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the polypeptide composition of plasma membranes from the two organs to be qualitatively similar, but with different relative amounts of some of the polypeptides. Between 80 and 100% of the K(+),Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was latent indicating that the vesicles were sealed and right side-out. The isoelectric points of the outer surface of root and leaf plasma membranes as determined by cross-partitioning were similar and quite acidic-about pH 3.6. In contrast, the net negative surface charge density at pH 7.0 as measured by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence differed significantly, being -29 mC.m(-2) for the leaf plasma membrane and only -19 mC.m(-2) for the root plasma membrane. As isolated, both types of plasma membrane vesicles had Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) bound to the outer surface as shown by the combined use of chelators and 9-aminoacridine fluorescence; however, the leaf plasma membrane had a relatively higher proportion of Ca(2+) bound (0.57) than did the root plasma membrane (0.45). This difference probably reflects differences in the in vivo conditions as no chelator was present during the isolation procedure. Also Ni(2+) could bind to the root vesicles as indicated by the effect of Ni(2+) on 9-aminoacridine fluorescence, and by the binding of (63)Ni(2+) (44 nanomoles bound per milligram protein) at 100 micromolar NiCl(2).
Interactive simulation in a multi-person virtual world (1992)

A multi-user Virtual World has been implemented combining a flexible-object simulator with a multisensory user interface, including hand motion and gestures, speech input and output, sound output, and 3-D stereoscopic graphics with head-motion parallax. The implementation is based on a distributed client/server architecture with a centralized Dialogue Manager. The simulator is inserted into the Virtual World as a server. A discipline for writing interaction dialogues provides a clear conceptual hierarchy and the encapsulation of state. This hierarchy facilitates the creation of alternative interaction scenarios and shared multiuser environment.
Blood transcriptional signatures of multiple sclerosis: Unique gene expression of disease activity (2004)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disease with an unpredictable course and outcome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are involved in the disease pathogenesis and induce active demyelination. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we identified a statistically significant transcriptional signature of 1,109 genes in PBMCs from 26 MS patients, irrespective of disease activation state or immunomodulatory treatment. This signature contains genes that implicate underlying processes involved in MS pathogenesis including T-cell activation and expansion, inflammation, and apoptosis. Another transcriptional signature of 721 genes involved in cellular recruitment, epitope spreading, and escape from regulatory immune surveillance identified MS patients in acute relapse compared with remission. Our results offer new opportunity for understanding the mechanisms involved in MS and indicate that gene expression patterns in PBMCs contain information about a remote-target disease process that may be useful for diagnosis and future tailoring of therapeutic strategies for MS.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of a new skincare regimen on skin barrier function in those with podoconiosis in Ethiopia (2017)

The addition of 2% (v/v) glycerol to a reduced volume (83% reduction) of soaking water significantly improved SBF.
Synthesis of a C‐Glycoside Analogue of sTn: An HIV‐ and Tumor‐Associated Antigen (2003)

Die Hydrolysebeständigkeit der glycosidischen Bindung zu Sialinsäure im C-Glycosid-Analogon 1 von sTn ist die Schlüsseleigenschaft dieses neuartigen Glycokonjugates. Die Synthese des potenziellen Tumor- und HIV-Therapeutikums geht von Diisopropylidengalactopyranose aus und erfordert einen enzymatischen sowie siebzehn chemische Schritte. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51099_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Trademark: Multimedia image database system with intelligent human interface (1990)

Abstract An experimental multimedia database system TRADEMARK is being developed. This system includes image processing facilities as the primitive data operations. It provides (a) automatic image data registration and automatic indexing by abstracted image representation, (b) similarity retrieval from actual visual examples, and (c) multimedia document formatting of retrieved data. Similarity retrieval in this system also permits handwritten and rough sketches as visual examples. Its ability in similarity operations is also evaluated experimentally. The design principle proposed here is based on a hyperobject‐oriented model which has the following features: (i) knowledge base‐like representation of object world, (ii) extensive architecture by deduction of logic database, and (iii) AI‐oriented human interface.
Ataxin-2 Interacts with the DEAD/H-Box RNA Helicase DDX6 and Interferes with P-Bodies and Stress Granules (2006)

Tight control of translation is fundamental for eukaryotic cells, and deregulation of proteins implicated contributes to numerous human diseases. The neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the SCA2 gene encoding a lengthened polyglutamine stretch in the gene product ataxin-2, which seems to be implicated in cellular RNA-processing pathways and translational regulation. Here, we substantiate a function of ataxin-2 in such pathways by demonstrating that ataxin-2 interacts with the DEAD/H-box RNA helicase DDX6, a component of P-bodies and stress granules, representing cellular structures of mRNA triage. We discovered that altered ataxin-2 levels interfere with the assembly of stress granules and cellular P-body structures. Moreover, ataxin-2 regulates the intracellular concentration of its interaction partner, the poly(A)-binding protein, another stress granule component and a key factor for translational control. Thus, our data imply that the cellular ataxin-2 concentration is important for the assembly of stress granules and P-bodies, which are main compartments for regulating and controlling mRNA degradation, stability, and translation.