gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testosterone replacement in older men and women. (2001)

This article examines in detail the present state of the art concerning androgen deficiency in aging males. There is increasing evidence that testosterone replacement in hypogonadal older males can result in an improvement in quality of life. The major effects of testosterone are on libido, muscles, bone, and cognition. Less information is available concerning the role of testosterone in postmenopausal women, but testosterone replacement may have a role to play in treating disorders of libido and the sarcopenia that occurs at menopause.
Comparative Effects of Teriparatide and Strontium Ranelate on Bone Biopsies and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis (2009)

We assessed the effects on bone remodeling and histomorphometry after daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide (n = 39, 20 microg/d) or oral strontium ranelate (SrR, n = 40, 2 g/d) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Evaluable biopsies were obtained from 29 patients in the teriparatide group and 22 in the SrR group after 6 mo of treatment. The mean +/- SD mineralization surfaces as a percent of bone surfaces (MS/BS, %) at the trabecular level were 7.73 +/- 1.48% for teriparatide and 5.25 +/- 1.15% for SrR (p = 0.219) and at the endocortical level were 17.22 +/- 3.06% and 9.70 +/- 2.07%, respectively (p = 0.052). Cortical porosity was 5.40 +/- 0.41% in the teriparatide and 4.14 +/- 0.40% in the SrR group (p = 0.037). Teriparatide induced significant increases from baseline in bone formation and resorption markers, reaching statistical significance for amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP) after 1 mo (+57%, p < 0.001). SrR induced small, but statistically significant, reductions from baseline in PINP at 3 (-14%, p = 0.005) and 6 mo (-19%, p < 0.001) and in serum beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (beta-CTX) at 1 and 3 mo (-11%, for both, p < 0.05). There were more patients with adverse events after SrR (70%) than teriparatide (41%) treatment (p = 0.013). In conclusion, the changes in biochemical markers of bone formation confirmed bone-forming activity of teriparatide but not of SrR treatment. The effects of SrR on bone remodeling and cell activity were modest, indicating that its effects on fracture reduction may be predominantly mediated through a different mechanism than that observed with anabolic or more potent antiresorptive agents.
Characterization of Holographic Band-Reject Filters Designed for Raman Spectroscopy (1991)

We report the optical transmission properties of holographic band-reject filters designed for Raman spectroscopy using excitation at 514.5 nm and at 632.8 nm. We use these data to quantitatively evaluate the compromise between rejection of elastic scatter and transmission of Raman bands as a function of Raman shift. We demonstrate the use of a single filter for the rejection of elastically scattered light from the Raman spectra of a white powder and of a clear liquid.
Endogenous polyamines are intimately associated with highly condensed chromatin in vivo. A fluorescence cytochemical and immunocytochemical study of spermine and spermidine during the cell cycle and in reactivated nuclei. (1987)

Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic polycations essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. By immunocytochemistry, as well as by two independent fluorescence cytochemical methods, we show that polyamines are associated with highly condensed chromatin in nucleated erythrocytes and in metaphase and anaphase chromosomes. In other cells, polyamines mainly occur in cytoplasm. The association between polyamines and DNA in condensed chromatin is so close that DNase treatment is necessary for making polyamines available for reaction with antibodies. Studies of chick/HeLa cell heterokaryons reveal that polyamines disappear from the chick erythrocyte nuclei concomitantly with DNA decondensation and initiation of RNA synthesis. Our data strongly suggest that polyamines are important for chromatin condensation in vivo.
Pioglitazone: In vitro Effects on Rat Hepatoma Cells and in vivo Liver Hypertrophy in KKAv Mice (1997)

Pioglitazone increases insulin sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. The effects of this agent on insulin-induced DNA synthesis and hepatic cell growth have not been determined. We examined the ability of pioglitazone to enhance basal and insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis in rat H4IIE (H4) hepatoma cells, and to alter liver weight and histology in diabetic KKAy mice. Treatment of H4 cells with increasing concentrations of pioglitazone for 30 h increased basal DNA synthesis 1.6- to 1.8-fold. With pioglitazone pretreatment and submaximal insulin concentrations, DNA synthesis was significantly increased from 2.1-fold (insulin 10(-12) mol/l alone) to 3.9-fold (insulin 10(-12) mol/l + pioglitazone 10(-6) mol/l). At maximal concentrations of insulin, the enhancement of DNA synthesis increased from 7.4-fold (insulin 10(-8) mol/l alone) to 16.2-fold (insulin 10(-8) mol/l + pioglitazone 10(-6) mol/l). Glyburide did not increase basal or insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis. In diabetic KKAy mice, serum glucose levels decreased and body weight, liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of body weight increased following pioglitazone treatment. Histological studies demonstrated marked hepatocyte distension. Our findings suggest that pioglitazone acts as an insulin sensitizer in rat hepatoma cells, increasing basal and insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis, and stimulating fat synthesis and liver hypertrophy in diabetic KKAy mice.
Predictive dynamic model of single‐stage ultra‐rapid pressure swing adsorption (2004)

Abstract A dynamic model is developed based on the preliminary set of assumptions to determine the viability of a pulsed Ultra‐Rapid Pressure Swing Adsorption (URPSA) air‐separation process using a 5A zeolite monolith adsorbent. The new model was shown to predict the performance of the Rapid PSA process investigated experimentally in by Pritchard and Simpson. The model predicts that single‐stage URPSA is capable of producing oxygen purities of 85%, product recoveries of around 60%, and a bed‐size factor of around 0.00073. A very small bed‐size factor and large product recoveries are characteristic of this novel process, which implies improved efficiency of separation per unit mass of adsorbent material. The model developed here provides the first assessment of the viability of ultra‐rapid cycles and thin monolithic adsorbents for air separation by PSA. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 953–962, 2004
But it's the only thing there! Sustained inattentional blindness for a solitary stimulus (2010)

When actively attending to targets in a display, observers often fail to notice an additional, unexpected stimulus (Mack & Rock, 1998). This “inattentional blindness” occurs for salient objects visible for extended periods of time (Most et al., 2001). Here we show that inattentional blindness can occur even when the unexpected object is the only item visible in the display. On each trial, observers tracked two white circles among six black circles that moved randomly and independently around the display. Each trial contained a 1200 ms blank interval in which all items became invisible by fading out, but the circles' positions continued to be updated according to the same rules as when they were visible. Observers were required to extrapolate the target circles' trajectories during the blank interval to enable recovery of the objects when they reappeared. Upon reappearing (by fading in), all circles were identical, and observers indicated which items they had been tracking before the blank. This task was difficult but possible: with practice, 95% of the observers were able to select at least one of the target items accurately. On a critical trial, an additional, unexpected black circle faded in at fixation at the beginning of the blank interval and remained until the original items reappeared, at which point the unexpected circle faded out. Even though the unexpected circle was the only object in the display during this 1200 ms interval, 25% of the observers failed to notice it. This rate is consistent with previous inattentional blindness research (Mack & Rock, 1998), but is especially striking given that no other objects were visible.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXI. Nomenclature and Classification of Adenosine Receptors—An Update (2011)

In the 10 years since our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors, no developments have led to major changes in the recommendations. However, there have been so many other developments that an update is needed. The fact that the structure of one of the adenosine receptors has recently been solved has already led to new ways of in silico screening of ligands. The evidence that adenosine receptors can form homo- and heteromultimers has accumulated, but the functional significance of such complexes remains unclear. The availability of mice with genetic modification of all the adenosine receptors has led to a clarification of the functional roles of adenosine, and to excellent means to study the specificity of drugs. There are also interesting associations between disease and structural variants in one or more of the adenosine receptors. Several new selective agonists and antagonists have become available. They provide improved possibilities for receptor classification. There are also developments hinting at the usefulness of allosteric modulators. Many drugs targeting adenosine receptors are in clinical trials, but the established therapeutic use is still very limited.
Absolute Phosphorescence Quantum Yields of Singlet Molecular Oxygen in Solution Determined Using an Integrating Sphere Instrument (2015)

In this paper, we present an integrating sphere instrument for absolute luminescence quantum yield measurements from the visible to near-infrared (NIR) spectral region (λ = 350-1650 nm). The integrating sphere is equipped with a Xe light source and two spectrally corrected multichannel analyzers using a back-thinned charge-coupled device (CCD) and InGaAs detector, one for measurements in the visible to NIR wavelength region (λ = 350-1100 nm) and the other for the NIR wavelength region (λ = 900-1650 nm). The combination of the two optical multichannel analyzers allows measurement of the absolute quantum yield of NIR emissions with good sensitivity. Using this new instrument and platinum(II) meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine (PtTFPP) as a sensitizer, we performed the first absolute measurements of quantum yield (Φ(p)(¹Δ)) of the a¹Δ(g) (v′ = 0) → X³Σ(g)⁻ (v″ = 0) emission at 1270 nm from molecular oxygen in different solvents. The quantum yields Φ(p)(¹Δ) in CCl₄ and CS₂ under infinite dilution of sensitizer were determined to be 2.2 × 10⁻² and 6.4 × 10⁻², respectively. Using the Φ(p)(¹Δ) value in CCl₄, the quantum yields in other solvents were determined based on the relative method. From the phosphorescence quantum yields and the lifetimes of O₂(a¹Δ(g)) taken under identical experimental conditions, we evaluated the radiative and nonradiative rate constants of O₂(a¹Δ(g)), which are key parameters to understand the photophysical properties of singlet oxygen in solution. The quantum yields and radiative and nonradiative rate constants obtained in the present study were compared with the literature values determined based on the relative method.
Anion‐Induced Motion in a Ferrocene Diamide (2004)

Abstract An unsymmetrical diferrocene diamide has been reacted with chloride ions. The anion splits the intramolecular hydrogen bond of the receptor and is coordinated simultaneously by both amide groups of the receptor via hydrogen bonds. Chloride coordination changes the relative angular position of the cyclopentadienyl rings and the potential of the ferrocene/ferricinium redox couple. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Nanogap Detector Inside Nanofluidic Channel for Fast Real-Time Label-Free DNA Analysis (2008)

We report fabrication and characterization of a novel real-time, label-free DNA detector, that uses a long nanofluidic channel to stretch a DNA strand and a nanogap detector (with a gap as small as 9 nm) inside the channel to measure the electrical conduction perpendicular to the DNA backbone as it moves through the gap. We have observed electrical signals caused by 1.1 kilobase-pair (kbp) double-stranded (ds)-DNA passing through the gap in the nanogap detectors with a gap equal to or less than 13 nm.
Naturally occurring radioactive material and naturally occurring mercury assessment of black powder in sales gas pipelines (2019)

Black powder solids are formed inside the sales gas pipelines as a result of internal corrosion due to condensed moisture and the presence of corrosive gases, namely, H2S, CO2, and O2. Naturally occurring radioactive material, principally the radionuclides lead-210 and polonium-210, and naturally occurring mercury (NOM) (Hg) have been identified in black powder. A detailed investigation into both the radiological components and the presence of NOM associated with black powder was carried out by Saudi Aramco. The aim of the investigation was to determine if waste produced during pipeline scraping operations presented a workers protection or environmental control problem due to the radioactivity and mercury present. The investigation looked at Saudi Aramco's entire sales gas pipeline network and spanned scraping operations over a 3-year period. This article details the sampling and analysis methods used to assess black powder samples, the results of sample analysis and advice provided to ensure workers' protection, and environmental control of the waste produced during pipeline scraping activities.
Murine natural killer cells express functional Fc gamma receptor II encoded by the Fc gamma R alpha gene. (1989)

We report evidence that murine NK cells express a functional Fc gamma RII encoded by the Fc gamma RII alpha gene. Several lines of indirect evidence indicate that freshly obtained NK cells from mice of several strains bear a functional Fc gamma RII: (a) anti-Fc gamma RII antibody 2.4G2 detects a small but significant proportion of sIg- cells and a small proportion of the 2.4G2+ cells are included in the Thy-1+ population; (b) sIg- lymphocytes contain 2.4G2+ and Fc gamma R-bearing cells in similar proportions; (c) binding of particulate immune complexes by sIg- lymphocytes is completely inhibited by 2.4G2; (d) 2.4G2+ cells mediate greater than 50% of the spontaneous cytotoxicity in sIg- splenic lymphocytes. Direct evidence for the presence of Fc gamma RII on murine NK cells is provided by the results of two-color immunofluorescence studies performed on splenic lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice showing coexpression of NK-1.1 and 2.4G2. Studies of in vitro propagated homogeneous NK cell populations confirm that murine NK cells express only Fc gamma RII and that this Fc gamma R is functional, as shown in experiments of inhibition of ADCC by the anti-Fc gamma RII antibody 2.4G2. The results of studies at the molecular level show that an Fc gamma RII alpha transcript identical to that expressed in macrophages is the only molecule encoding Fc gamma RII in murine NK cells.
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment (1973)

The problem of multiprogram scheduling on a single processor is studied from the viewpoint of the characteristics peculiar to the program functions that need guaranteed service. It is shown that an optimum fixed priority scheduler possesses an upper bound to processor utilization which may be as low as 70 percent for large task sets. It is also shown that full processor utilization can be achieved by dynamically assigning priorities on the basis of their current deadlines. A combination of these two scheduling techniques is also discussed.
Studies of UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase from Escherichia coli:  An Unusual Role of Reduced FAD in Its Catalysis (2000)

The galactofuranose moiety found in many surface constituents of microorganisms is derived from UDP-d-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) via a unique ring contraction reaction catalyzed by UDP-Galp mutase. This enzyme, which has been isolated from several bacterial sources, is a flavoprotein where the FAD coenzyme is noncovalently bound. Since its catalysis does not appear to involve a redox mechanism, whether the enzyme-bound FAD plays an active role in the reaction mechanism has been obscure. To study this transformation, the corresponding E. coli mutase was purified, and the ring contraction product, UDP-Galf, was chemically synthesized. Using UDP-Galf as the substrate, a Km of 194 μM and a kcat of 1.5 s-1 for the catalysis in the reverse direction were obtained. The preference of the reaction toward the pyranose product was confirmed by an equilibrium constant of 0.057 in the forward direction. Interestingly, when the enzyme was reduced by sodium dithionite, its catalytic efficiency was increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude. A comparable rate enhancement was also noted when the flavin coenzyme was selectively reduced by photoreduction in the presence of 5-deazariboflavin under anaerobic conditions. Since mutase with either oxidized or reduced FAD is active, the change of the redox state in FAD appears to affect only the activity, but not the catalytic mechanism. It is conceivable that reduction of FAD may induce a favorable conformational change of the enzyme that may be more conducive to catalysis. It is also possible that the reduced flavin bears a higher electron density at N-1, which may then be used to stabilize the transiently formed oxocarbenium ion intermediates to facilitate catalysis. Whether structural effects, electronic effects, or a combination of both dictates the ability of FAD to enhance the rate of the mutase reaction is an interesting, albeit challenging question. Nevertheless, the present work has provided, for the first time, evidence indicating the active involvement of FAD in regulating the catalytic efficiency of this enzyme.
Antiviral Activity of Arabinosyladenine and Arabinosylhypoxanthine in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected KB Cells: Selective Inhibition of Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Synchronized Suspension Cultures (1976)

The drug 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) significantly suppressed the formation of herpes simplex virus type 1-induced syncytia in BHK-21/4 cells at concentrations as low as 0.1 mug/ml. Optimal activity was noted when the drug was added before initiation of viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis (3.5 h postinfection). The deaminated derivative of ara-A, 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ara-H), was at least 10 times less effective in suppressing the development of herpes simplex virus-induced syncytia. The replication of herpes simplex virus was measured by assaying fluids and cells from infected drug-treated cultures by using a plaque production technique. Ara-A at drug levels of >10 < 32 mug/ml completely blocked the replication of infectious virus particles. Ara-H was less effective than ara-A in reducing the replication of virions. Rates of host and viral DNA synthesis were monitored by pulse labeling herpes simplex virus-infected synchronized KB cells with [(3)H]thymidine and subsequently separating viral from cellular DNA in CsCl density gradients. During synthetic (S) phase, ara-A or ara-H at concentrations ranging from 3.2 to 32 mug/ml selectively inhibited viral DNA synthesis. At 3.2 mug of ara-A per ml, viral DNA synthesis was reduced 74% although total cellular DNA synthesis was unaffected. Increasing concentrations of ara-A produced increasing temporal delays in the maximal rate of host DNA synthesis. This time shift was not observed in cells treated with ara-H.
Capture and modeling of non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue (2009)

This paper introduces a data-driven representation and modeling technique for simulating non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue. It simplifies the construction of convincing deformable models by avoiding complex selection and tuning of physical material parameters, yet retaining the richness of non-linear heterogeneous behavior. We acquire a set of example deformations of a real object, and represent each of them as a spatially varying stress-strain relationship in a finite-element model. We then model the material by non-linear interpolation of these stress-strain relationships in strain-space. Our method relies on a simple-to-build capture system and an efficient run-time simulation algorithm based on incremental loading, making it suitable for interactive computer graphics applications. We present the results of our approach for several non-linear materials and biological soft tissue, with accurate agreement of our model to the measured data.
Intraoperative 186Re-Liposome Radionuclide Therapy in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenograft Positive Surgical Margin Model (2008)

With excellent tumor suppression and minimal side-effect profile, the intraoperative use of liposomal therapeutic radionuclides may play a role in the management of positive surgical margins in advanced HNSCC.
Rate of internalization of an immunotoxin correlates with cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. (1989)

The relationship between the cellular internalization of an anti-ganglioside GD2 monoclonal antibody (14.G2a) and the toxic effect of its ricin A-chain immunotoxin (14.G2a-RA) was examined on GD2-bearing M21 human melanoma and T293 small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. The capacity for ligand uptake was determined by examining the parameters that contribute to this constant, including the number of cell-surface binding sites and the internalization rate constant (ke). The maximum uptake of 14.G2a is 11-fold greater for M21 than for T293 cells, due to a 2.7-fold difference in binding sites and a 4-fold difference in the rate of antibody internalization. The capacity for ligand uptake correlates with the cytotoxic activity of the 14.G2a-RA immunotoxin against these two cell lines. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that the consequence of internalization of 14.G2a-RA is the intracellular release of undegraded ricin A-chain from the antibody. These studies indicate that the rate of internalization is a quantitative parameter that plays a key role in predicting the cytotoxic potency of this immunotoxin.