gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A consensus report on the use of vacuum-assisted closure in chronic, difficult-to-heal wounds. (2003)

Vacuum-assisted closure is an adjunctive therapy that utilizes negative pressure to remove fluid from open wounds through a sealed dressing and tubing which is connected to a collection container. Although introduced into practice for individuals with chronic wounds, evidence to support its use is limited. To compensate for the current gap between the evidence base and the need for best vacuum-assisted closure practices in the treatment of chronic wounds, the existing evidence base (case reports, case series, and studies) for pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, heel ulcers, and venous leg ulcers was retrieved and tabulated from relevant literature in PubMed and other sources. In addition, expert opinion was obtained through an 11-member Delphi panel of interdisciplinary wound care opinion leaders and educators. The panel included frequent (6) and less-frequent (5) vacuum-assisted closure users. The tabulated responses and the existing literature formed the basis of the best practice statements that serve to guide treatment approaches and stimulate further study.
ICEBREAKER: AN EXPLORATION OF THE LUNAR SOUTH POLE (1999)

The proposed Icebreaker mission intends to conduct a robotic ground investigation of the southern polar region of the Moon. Searching for water ice and performing geological studies of the lunar south pole will provide essential information on the presence and distribution of resources necessary to support human habitation and a base for deep-space missions (such as water, fuel and propellant components, and potential construction materials) as well as for fundamental scientific investigation. Icebreaker proposes an academic, commercial and government partnership, to create economical, multi-dimensional missions.
A band 3-based macrocomplex of integral and peripheral proteins in the RBC membrane (2003)

We have studied the membrane proteins of band 3 anion exchanger (AE1)-deficient mouse and human red blood cells. It has been shown previously that proteins of the band 3 complex are reduced or absent in these cells. In this study we show that proteins of the Rh complex are also greatly reduced (Rh-associated glycoprotein, Rh polypeptides, CD47, glycophorin B) or absent (LW). These observations suggest that the Rh complex is associated with the band 3 complex in healthy RBCs. Mouse band 3(-/-) RBCs differed from the human band 3-deficient RBCs in that they retained CD47. Aquaporin 1 was reduced, and its glycosylation was altered in mouse and human band 3-deficient RBCs. Proteins of the glycophorin C complex, and other proteins with independent cytoskeletal interactions, were present in normal or increased amounts. To obtain direct evidence for the association of the band 3 and the Rh protein complexes in the RBC, we examined whether Rh complex proteins were coimmunoprecipitated with band 3 from membranes. RhAG and Rh were found to be efficiently coimmunoprecipitated with band 3 from deoxycholate-solubilized membranes. Results suggest that band 3 forms the core of a macrocomplex of integral and peripheral RBC membrane proteins. The presence of these proteins in a single structural macrocomplex makes it likely that they have linked functional or regulatory roles. We speculate that this macrocomplex may function as an integrated CO(2)/O(2) gas exchange unit (metabolon) in the erythrocyte.
Transition-metal-assisted asymmetric synthesis of amino acid analogs. A new synthesis of optically pure D- and L-pyridylalanines (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal-assisted asymmetric synthesis of amino acid analogs. A new synthesis of optically pure D- and L-pyridylalaninesJoseph J. Bozell, C. E. Vogt, and J. GozumCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2584–2587Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00007a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Physico-chemical and bioadhesive properties of polyacrylic acid polymers. (1993)

In this study, influence of several physico-chemical properties of bioadhesive polyacrylic acid poylmers (Carbopol 910, Polycarbophil, Carbopol 940 and Carbopol 934 PH) are investigated. The effect of pH on the swelling of polyacrylic acid polymers was studied at constant temperature, ionic strength and osmolality. The polymers showed the pH dependence of equilibrium swelling. The bioadhesive strength of the bond formed between surface-preswollen systems and the sublingual bovine mucus was determined by tensile experiments. It was found that the least substituted polymers Polycarbophil and Carbopol 910 with low molecular weight showed the same degree of bioadhesion while highly branched polyacrylic acid polymers Carbopol 940 and 934 PH showed reduced bioadhesion.
Problems in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (1988)

Historically, it has been assumed that only free drug concentration is the pharmacologically active species. This article reviews the theoretical pharmacological and pharmacokinetic justifications for monitoring free drug levels. The determinants likely to influence plasma protein binding and the free concentrations of drugs are delineated. The different methods which can be used for determining free drug level are presented. Their advantages and drawbacks as well as their reliability and suitability for routine clinical practice are discussed. Currently, antiepileptic drugs such as valproic acid, phenytoin, carbamazepine and a few antiarrhythmic drugs meet the theoretical criteria justifying free drug level monitoring. Conditions causing alteration in free concentrations of these drugs are reported. But, for all these drugs, there is a considerable lack of data establishing the correlations between therapeutic or toxic response and free concentration. Presently, our capability to interpret correctly the free drug level data is still limited. In the future, much more effort must be devoted in order to provide sufficient information on the clinical relevance of free drug concentration.
Hybrid MPI/OpenMP power-aware computing (2010)

Power-aware execution of parallel programs is now a primary concern in large-scale HPC environments. Prior research in this area has explored models and algorithms based on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and dynamic concurrency throttling (DCT) to achieve power-aware execution of programs written in a single programming model, typically MPI or OpenMP. However, hybrid programming models combining MPI and OpenMP are growing in popularity as emerging large-scale systems have many nodes with several processors per node and multiple cores per process or. In th is paper we present and evaluate solutions for power-efficient execution of programs written in this hybrid model targeting large-scale distributed systems with multicore nodes. We use a new power-aware performance prediction model of hybrid MPI/OpenMP applications to derive a novel algorithm for power-efficient execution of realistic applications from the ASC Sequoia and NPB MZ bench marks. Our new algorithm yields substantial energy savings (4.18% on average and up to 13.8%) with either negligible performance loss or performance gain (up to 7.2%).
An evaluation of mechanisms by which tolerance to organ-specific antigens is lost using a transgenic mouse model (1993)

Patients with type I diabetes lose immunologic tolerance to beta cell Ag and produce anti-self (beta cell) antibodies. We have examined mechanisms by which this self tolerance is lost using transgenic mice in which islet cells express human CD4. These mice are immunologically tolerant to this human protein; the tolerance appears to be characterized by the presence of self reactive B cells and nonresponsive T cells. Autoantibodies can be induced by immunization with CD4 in CFA; this autoantibody response is accompanied by minor peri-islet inflammation but diabetes is not induced. Tolerance can also be broken by provision of an independent covalently linked T cell epitope. Although this mimic can lead to the appearance of an autoantibody response, the autoimmune response can not be maintained by the endogenous Ag. We have also demonstrated that an inflammatory lesion leading to death of the CD4-containing beta cells may not be sufficient to break tolerance. These results have implications for potential mechanisms relating to the appearance of autoantibodies in patients with type I diabetes.
Osimertinib (AZD9291) Attenuates the Function of Multidrug Resistance-Linked ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCB1 in Vitro (2016)

The effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy is often circumvented by multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein). Several epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been shown previously capable of modulating the function of ABCB1 and reversing ABCB1-mediated MDR in human cancer cells. Furthermore, some TKIs are transported by ABCB1, which results in low oral bioavailability, reduced distribution, and the development of acquired resistance to these TKIs. In this study, we investigated the interaction between ABCB1 and osimertinib, a novel selective, irreversible third-generation EGFR TKI that has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We also evaluated the potential impact of ABCB1 on the efficacy of osimertinib in cancer cells, which can present a therapeutic challenge to clinicians in the future. We revealed that although osimertinib stimulates the ATPase activity of ABCB1, overexpression of ABCB1 does not confer resistance to osimertinib. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that the overexpression of ABCB1 can be a major contributor to the development of osimertinib resistance in cancer patients. More significantly, we revealed an additional action of osimertinib that directly inhibits the function of ABCB1 without affecting the expression level of ABCB1, enhances drug-induced apoptosis, and reverses the MDR phenotype in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells. Considering that osimertinib is a clinically approved third-generation EGFR TKI, our findings suggest that a combination therapy with osimertinib and conventional anticancer drugs may be beneficial to patients with MDR tumors.
The Fibrinogen Receptor FbsA Promotes Adherence of Streptococcus agalactiae to Human Epithelial Cells (2004)

Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in human neonates. During the course of infection, S. agalactiae adheres to a variety of epithelial cells but the underlying mechanisms are only poorly understood. The present report demonstrates the importance of the fibrinogen receptor FbsA for the streptococcal adherence and invasion of epithelial cells. Deletion of the fbsA gene in various S. agalactiae strains substantially reduced their binding of soluble fibrinogen and their adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells, indicating a role of FbsA in these different processes. The adherence and invasiveness of an fbsA deletion mutant were partially restored by reintroducing the fbsA gene on an expression vector. Heterologous expression of fbsA in Lactococcus lactis enabled this bacterium to adhere to but not to invade epithelial cells, suggesting that FbsA is a streptococcal adhesin. Flow cytometry experiments revealed a dose-dependent binding of FbsA to the surface of epithelial cells. Furthermore, tissue culture experiments exhibited an intimate contact of FbsA-coated latex beads with the surfaces of human epithelial cells. Finally, host cell adherence and invasion were significantly blocked in competition experiments with either purified FbsA protein or a monoclonal antibody directed against the fibrinogen-binding epitope of FbsA. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that FbsA promotes the adherence of S. agalactiae to epithelial cells but that FbsA does not mediate the bacterial invasion into host cells. Our results also indicate that fibrinogen-binding epitopes within FbsA are involved in the adherence of S. agalactiae to epithelial cells.
Temperature measurement in the Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor (2006)

Modern CPUs with increasing core frequency and power are rapidly reaching a point where the CPU frequency and performance are limited by the amount of heat that can be extracted by the cooling technology. In mobile environment, this issue is becoming more apparent, as form factors become thinner and lighter. Often, mobile platforms trade CPU performance in order to reduce power and manage thermals. This enables the delivery of high performance computing together with improved ergonomics by lowering skin temperature and reducing fan acoustic noise. Most of available high performance CPUs provide thermal sensor on the die to allow thermal management, typically in the form of analog thermal diode. Operating system algorithms and platform embedded controllers read the temperature and control the processor power. Improved thermal sensors directly translate into better system performance, reliability and ergonomics. In this paper we will introduce the new Intel ® CoreTM Duo processor temperature sensing capability and present performance benefits measurements and results.
An active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode pixel circuit for the compensation of I × R voltage drop in power line (2007)

Abstract— A new voltage‐driving active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel circuit is proposed to improve the display image‐quality of AMOLED displays. Because OLEDs are current‐driven devices, the I × R voltage drop in the power lines is evitable. Accordingly, the I × R voltage‐drop compensation scheme should be included in the pixel‐driving method when a voltage‐compensation method is used. The proposed pixel was designed for the compensation of an I × R voltage drop in the power lines as well as for the compensation of the threshold‐voltage non‐uniformity of low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film transistors (LTPS TFTs). In order to verify the compensation ability of the proposed pixel, SPICE simulation was performed and compared with those of other conventional pixels. When the Vss voltage varies from 0 to 1 V, the drain current of the proposed pixel decreased by under 1% while that of conventional Vth compensation methods without Vss compensation decreased by over 60%. 2.2‐in. QCIF + full‐color AMOLED displays, which employ the proposed pixel, have been also developed. It was verified by comparison of the display image quality with a conventional panel that our proposed panel successfully overcame the voltage‐drop problems in the power lines.
Quantitation in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (2005)

CE-MS has evolved into a strong alternative to LC-MS. Most of CE-MS applications deal with characterization and identification. However, quantitative aspects have gained importance in, e.g., pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. Here we summarize and evaluate various methodological aspects in order to achieve sensitive and reproducible results. Similar to LC-MS, aspects of matrix influence on the electrospray process need to be carefully addressed when quantitative results are intended by CE-MS. Due to a more complicated coupling special emphasis needs to be put on the CE-MS interface. Generally linearity over more than three orders of magnitude can be achieved by CE-ESI-MS. Furthermore, a literature survey has been performed in order to give an overview over quantitative measurements performed by CE-MS. The precision can be doubled when changing from a structural related to an isotopically labeled internal standard. Thus a level of precision better than 5% RSD can be achieved.
Glycosylated RGD-containing peptides: tracer for tumor targeting and angiogenesis imaging with improved biokinetics. (2001)

This study demonstrates that the introduction of a sugar moiety improves the pharmakokinetic behavior of a hydrophobic peptide-based tracer. Additionally, this alpha(v)beta3-selective glycosylated radioiodinated second-generation tracer GP2 shows high tumor uptake and good tumor-to-organ ratios that allow noninvasive visualization of alpha(v)beta3-expressing tumors and monitoring therapy with alpha(v)beta3 antagonists. Finally, the favorable biokinetics make the glycosylated RGD-peptide a promising lead structure for tracers to quantify the alpha(v)beta3 expression using PET.
HEPATITIS A VACCINE (2000)

Inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are highly immunogenic and efficacious. Because of their high disease rates and importance as a reservoir of transmission to others, children should be the primary focus of vaccination. A long-term strategy of sustained routine vaccination of children living in areas with consistently elevated hepatitis A rates has been adopted. Ultimately, elimination of HAV transmission will require vaccination of all children in the US. This effort would be facilitated by the availability of vaccine formulations or schedules for use in infants or children in the second year of life, and combination vaccines that include hepatitis A.
Mutagenesis and gene identification in Dictyostelium by shotgun antisense. (1996)

We have developed a mutagenesis technique that uses antisense cDNA to identify genes required for development in Dictyostelium discoideum. We transformed Dictyostelium cells with a cDNA library made from the mRNA of vegetative and developing cells. The cDNA was cloned in an antisense orientation immediately downstream of a vegetative promoter, so that in transformed cells the promoter will drive the synthesis of an antisense RNA transcript. We find that individual transformants typically contain one or occasionally two antisense cDNAs. Using this mutagenesis technique, we have generated mutants that fail to aggregate, aggregate but fail to form fruiting bodies, or aggregate but form abnormal fruiting bodies. The individual cDNA molecules from the mutants were identified and cloned using PCR. Initial sequence analysis of the PCR products from 35 mutants has identified six novel Dictyostelium genes, each from a transformant with one antisense cDNA. When the PCR-isolated antisense cDNAs were ligated into the antisense vector and the resulting constructs transformed into cells, the phenotypes of the transformed cells matched those of the original mutants from which each cDNA was obtained. We made homologous recombinant gene disruption transformants for three of the novel genes, in each case generating mutants with phenotypes indistinguishable from those of the original antisense transformants. Shotgun antisense thus is a rapid way to identify genes in Dictyostelium and possibly other organisms.
Pupillometry Study of Brimonidine Tartrate 0.2% and Apraclonidine 0.5% (2011)

This study investigated possible effects of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and apraclonidine 0.5% on pupil diameter. Ten subjects between 20 and 40 years of age participated. A Colvard pupillometer (Oasis Medical) was used to measure pupil diameter. Baseline and serial measurements were obtained at 3 luminance levels (>6.4, <0.82-0.4, and <0.2-0.02 cd/m(2)) during a 4-hour interval following instillation of 1 drop of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% or apraclonidine 0.5% in one eye versus a placebo in the contralateral eye. The measurements for each drug were obtained on different days. A nested random effects model controlling for subject's age, race, and sex was used for statistical analysis. A maximum reduction in pupil diameter was observed at 90 minutes from instillation (1.40 mm at >6.4 cd/m(2), 1.69 mm at <0.82-0.4 cd/m(2), and 1.55 mm at <0.2-0.02 cd/m(2)) for brimonidine tartrate 0.2%. At all time intervals and illumination levels, miosis (P < .01) occurred. Apraclonidine 0.5% did not produce a significant effect on pupil diameter. Brimonidine tartrate 0.2% produced a moderate miotic effect. No effect was observed for apraclonidine 0.5%. A predominant agonistic effect on α-2 receptors of the iris dilator may explain this behavior.
Lithium therapy of canine cyclic hematopoiesis (1980)

Treatment of cyclic hematopoiesis in the grey collie dog with lithium carbonate eliminated the recurrent neutropenia and normalized the other blood cell counts. These findings suggest that human cyclic hematopoiesis may be successfully treated with lithium. The effects of lithium on the monocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes, as well as the neutrophils, suggest that lithium operates on basic regulatory mechanisms affecting the most primitive hematopoietic precursor cells.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mRNA Levels in Human Prostatic Tumors and Cell Lines (1990)

The mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) is mediated by a cell surface receptor (EGF-R) which has been identified in human prostate tissues. Because of conflicting reports on the relative levels of EGF-R in prostate tumors as measured by binding of radiolabelled EGF, we have examined EGF-R expression at the level of the specific messenger RNA using a sensitive RNase protection assay. Expression of the mRNA for EGF-R was higher in carcinoma (CaP, N = 38) than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, N = 35) samples (p less than 0.01). The highest levels of EGF-R mRNA were found in the human prostatic carcinoma cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. Among the CaP samples, there was an association of higher EGF-R mRNA levels with higher tumor extent and dedifferentiation. Since EGF has also been found in prostatic tissues, the enhanced expression of the EGF-R gene may play a role in the growth of prostate tumors, possibly by an autocrine pathway.
An overview of DB2 parallel edition (1995)

In this paper, we describe the architecture and features of DB2 Parallel Edition (PE). DB2 PE belongs to the IBM family of open DB2 client/server database products including DB2/6000, DB2/2, DB2 for HP-UX, and DB2 for the Solaris Operating Environment. DB2 PE employs a shared nothing architecture in which the database system consists of a set of independent logical database nodes. Each logical node represents a collection of system resources including, processes, main memory, disk storage, and communications, managed by an independent database manager. The logical nodes use message passing to exchange data with each other. Tables are partitioned across nodes using a hash partitioning strategy. The cost-based parallel query optimizer takes table partitioning information into account when generating parallel plans for execution by the runtime system. A DB2 PE system can be configured to contain one or more logical nodes per physical processor. For example, the system can be configured to implement one node per processor in a shared-nothing, MPP system or multiple nodes in a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system. This paper provides an overview of the storage model, query optimization, runtime system, utilities, and performance of DB2 Parallel Edition.