gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large vocabulary speech recognition with multispan statistical language models (2000)

Multispan language modeling refers to the integration of various constraints, both local and global, present in the language. It was recently proposed to capture global constraints through the use of latent semantic analysis, while taking local constraints into account via the usual n-gram approach. This has led to several families of data-driven, multispan language models for large vocabulary speech recognition. Because of the inherent complementarity in the two types of constraints, the multispan performance, as measured by perplexity, has been shown to compare favorably with the corresponding n-gram performance. The objective of this work is to characterize the behavior of such multispan modeling in actual recognition. Major implementation issues are addressed, including search integration and context scope selection. Experiments are conducted on a subset of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) speaker-independent, 20000-word vocabulary, continuous speech task. Results show that, compared to standard n-gram, the multispan framework can lead to a reduction in average word error rate of over 20%. The paper concludes with a discussion of intrinsic multi-span tradeoffs, such as the influence of training data selection on the resulting performance.
Robotic Arm for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Interventions (2006)

The purpose of this work is to develop and evaluate the performance of a seven degree of freedom (DOF) remotely controlled manipulator to perform minimally invasive interventions with real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance inside clinical cylindrical scanners. Control of the device is based on MR images collected in real time during the procedure. A user interface fuses all MRI and non-MRI sensor information for man-in-the-loop control. The system offers both stereotactic and "free-hand" (manual) control. Stereotactic guidance uses pre-operatively collected multislice and/or three-dimensional MR images to set a path of insertion. Manual guidance uses a master/slave control device, which replicates the kinematics structure of the arm, to control its motion. In this mode, the manipulator sends instructions to the MRI scanner for on-the-fly continuous adjustment of the imaging plane position and orientation to image the end-effector and the interventional tool, as it maneuvers to acquire a target. The commanded movements of the manipulator are continuously checked by the control software whether they are within an allowable volume, extracted from the MR images, to avoid collision with the scanner or the subject. The device control is performed in real time with a host/target computer configuration. The manipulator compatibility with the MR environment and image-guided maneuvering was tested on a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner
A general treatment of NMR imaging with chemical shifts and motion (1987)

A general treatment of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), which takes into account the effects of chemical shift, motion, field inhomogeneity, and relaxation times, is presented. A graphical representation based on the k trajectory formalism which includes these effects is then developed for MRI and MRSI acquisition processes. These considerations should be useful in the study and design of flow-sensitive MRI and MRSI methods and the accurate prediction of motion artifacts in conventional MRI and MRSI techniques. We conclude by presenting examples illustrating applications of the general theory to specific MRSI and flow imaging methods.
Proteomic Analysis of Nalidixic Acid Resistance in Escherichia coli: Identification and Functional Characterization of OM Proteins (2008)

The worldwide emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health. To understand the mechanisms of the resistance is extremely important to the control of these bacteria. In the current study, proteomic methodologies were utilized to characterize OM proteome of Escherichia coli with nalidixic acid (NA) resistance. The OM proteins TolC, OmpT, OmpC and OmpW were found to be up-regulated, and FadL was down-regulated in the NA-resistant E. coli strains. The changes at the level of protein expression were validated using Western blotting. Furthermore, the possible roles these altered proteins played in regulation of NA resistance were investigated using genetically modified strains with the deletion of these genes. The results obtained from functional characterization of these genetically modified strains suggest that TolC and OmpC may play more important roles in the control of NA resistance than other OM proteins identified. To gain better understanding of the mechanisms of NA resistance, we also characterized the role of the two-component system EnvZ/OmpR which is responsible for the regulation of OmpC and OmpF expression in response to NA resistance using their genetically modified strains. Our results suggest that OmpF and the EnvZ/OmpR are also important participants of the pathways regulating the NA resistance of E. coli.
Chiral Separations of Pesticide Enantiomers by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Cellulose Triphenylcarbamate Chiral Stationary Phase (2006)

The direct chiral separations of pesticide enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography by applying self-prepared cellulose triphenylcarbamate chiral stationary phase are performed. The mobile phase is n-hexane modified by isopropanol as a polar modifier. Nine chiral pesticides (benalaxyl, vinclozolin, diclofop-methyl, tebuconazole, quizalofop-ethyl, hexaconazole, lactofen, isocarbophos, and paclobutrazol) show enantioselectivity on the chiral stationary phase. An online circular dichrorism detector is used for identifying the pesticide enantiomers. The influences of the volume content of isopropanol and column temperature on the separations are investigated. The thermodynamic parameters related to the chiral distinguish mechanisms are also calculated.
The Effect of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on the Coronally Advanced Flap Root Coverage Procedure: A Pilot Human Trial (2005)

Based on the results of this pilot study, the application of PRP in CAF root coverage procedure provides no clinically measurable enhancements on the final therapeutic outcomes of CAF in Miller's Class I recession defects.
Blinking fluorophores: what do they tell us about protein dynamics? (2006)

The ability to detect emission from a single fluorophore presents a powerful tool to probe the dynamic properties of protein molecules during their interactions with ligands. Here, different classes of experiments are reviewed and a distinction is drawn between experiments that monitor signals from a large number of proteins, one molecule at a time, from those that follow a single protein molecule over many individual cycles. The latter approach is potentially capable of resolving dynamic heterogeneity, such as that displayed by enzymes that fluctuate between high and low activity states. Other factors that need to be considered are the origin of the fluctuations in the emission signal and the extent to which this represents the properties of the protein under investigation, as opposed to the probe itself. Most fluorophores show fluctuations in their emission rates, termed flickering, blinking or intermittency, which may occur on a similar time-scale as the event under investigation.
Down-regulation of macrophage transforming growth factor-beta messenger RNA expression by IL-7. (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inhibitor of immune responses. Macrophage-derived products, including TGF-beta, have been suggested as inhibitors of the antitumor immune response. We hypothesized that IL-7, a cytokine with antitumor properties, may exert its immunoregulatory effects in part through the down-regulation of TGF-beta. To test this hypothesis we analyzed IL-2-stimulated murine macrophage TGF-beta mRNA expression following exposure to IL-7 both in vitro and in vivo. IL-7 down-regulated IL-2-induced TGF-beta expression by macrophages in vitro, as well as after i.p. injections of IL-2 and IL-7 in vivo. The IL-7-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta mRNA expression did not require new protein synthesis and therefore appears to be a direct effect of IL-7. IL-7 had no significant effect on the stability of TGF-beta mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays revealed that the suppression of IL-2-induced TGF-beta gene expression by IL-7 is mediated at the level of transcription. Also, IL-7 decreased TGF-beta secretion as measured by bioassay. We conclude that IL-7 down-regulates TGF-beta and suggest that some of the proliferative and cytolytic activities mediated by cells exposed to IL-7 may be caused by a decrement in macrophage-derived TGF-beta.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydride Complexes of a Beta-aminophosphine Ligand Derived from Norephedrine (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionAsymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones Catalyzed by Ruthenium Hydride Complexes of a Beta-aminophosphine Ligand Derived from NorephedrineRongwei Guo, Alan J. Lough, Robert H. Morris, and D. SongCite this: Organometallics 2005, 24, 13, 3354Publication Date (Web):May 14, 2005Publication History Published online14 May 2005Published inissue 20 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om050335vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/om050335vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer Program for Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Compositions and Applications II. Users Manual and Program Description (1996)

This users manual is the second part of a two-part report describing the NASA Lewis CEA (Chemical Equilibrium with Applications) program. The program obtains chemical equilibrium compositions of complex mixtures with applications to several types of problems. The topics presented in this manual are: (1) details for preparing input data sets; (2) a description of output tables for various types of problems; (3) the overall modular organization of the program with information on how to make modifications; (4) a description of the function of each subroutine; (5) error messages and their significance; and (6) a number of examples that illustrate various types of problems handled by CEA and that cover many of the options available in both input and output. Seven appendixes give information on the thermodynamic and thermal transport data used in CEA; some information on common variables used in or generated by the equilibrium module; and output tables for 14 example problems. The CEA program was written in ANSI standard FORTRAN 77. CEA should work on any system with sufficient storage. There are about 6300 lines in the source code, which uses about 225 kilobytes of memory. The compiled program takes about 975 kilobytes.
Developmental Competence of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Reconstructed from Oocytes Matured In Vitro with Follicle Shells in Miniature Pig (2005)

The developmental competence of domestic pig oocytes that were transferred to somatic cell nuclei of miniature pig was examined. A co-culture system of oocytes with follicle shells was used for the maturation of domestic pig oocytes in vitro. Co-cultured oocytes progressed to the metaphase II stage of meiosis more quickly and more synchronously than non co-cultured oocytes. Oocytes were enucleated and fused with fibroblast cells of Potbelly miniature pig at 48 h of maturation. The blastocyst formation rate of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos using cocultured oocytes (24%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of non-co-cultured oocytes (13%). Cleaved embryos at 48 h after nuclear transfer using co-cultured oocytes were transferred to the oviducts of 14 Göttingen miniature pigs and four Meishan pigs. Estrus of all Göttingens returned at around 20-31 days of pregnancy. Two of the four Meishans became pregnant. Three and two cloned piglets were born after modest number of embryo transfer (15 and 29 embryos transferred), respectively. These results indicated that oocytes co-cultured with follicle shells have a high developmental competence after nuclear transfer and result in full-term development after embryo transfer.
Sacral nerve neuromodulation (InterStim). Part I: Review of the InterStim system. (2008)

Sacral nerve neuromodulation is accepted technology for patients with refractory urge incontinence, urinary frequency syndrome, and chronic urinary retention. This treatment consists of an implantable lead and neurostimulator (battery) using light electrical pulses to stimulate the sacral nerve controlling the bladder and other muscles that control urinary function. This article reviews the indications for neuromodulation as well as patient selection and testing phases associated with this technology.
I n s i t u formation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films using pure ozone vapor oxidation (1988)

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films have been prepared by coevaporation using an ozone vapor jet as an oxygen source. Films exhibiting zero resistance at 82 K have been fabricated in situ under high vacuum conditions using substrate temperatures of 700 °C without a post-evaporation anneal in oxygen. This process has implications for in situ measurements of fully superconducting surfaces using a variety of probes as well as for the fabrication of devices and structures whose properties are dependent on surfaces and interfaces.
A qualitative analysis of posttraumatic stress among Mexican victims of disaster (2001)

In unstructured interviews, 24 Mexicans described survivors' responses to disasters in Guadalajara, Jalisco (n = 9), Homestead, Florida (n = 6), and Puerto Angel, Oaxaca (n = 9). This analysis assessed the extent to which symptom descriptions corresponded to the 17 criterion symptoms of PTSD. Nineteen participants (79%) mentioned from 1 to 9 criterion symptoms. Event-related distress, hypervigilance, recurrent recollections, and avoiding reminders were described most often. Only 3 criterion symptoms were never described. Twenty participants (83%) provided 109 separate expressions that could not be classified specifically as criterion symptoms. These phrases were sorted by 9 independent Mexican volunteers and cluster analyzed. Clusters composed of ataques de nervios, depression, lasting trauma, and somatic complaints provided the best description of the data.
Melting of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (1987)

Abstract On heating in DSC, samples of UHMWPE show a single, fairly sharp, melting endotherm which may be increased to a peak temperature of 147°C and 77% crystallinity by annealing at elevated temperatures. An irreversible conversion of nascent to folded crystals, between 134 and 142°C, was observed by heating nascent UHMWPE powder in the calorimeter. In the presence of n ‐hexatriacontane, the melting endotherm of UHMWPE was depressed and broadened and the conversion of nascent to melt‐crystallized polyethylene facilitated on heating. A melt‐crystallized mixture of ordinary linear polyethylene (HDPE) and UHMWPE was not resolved on remelting. After annealing this mixture for 12 h at 130°C, HDPE was fractionated and the melting of UHMWPE was sharpened. Crystals of UHMWPE, prepared from dilute solution in xylene, show a single sharp melting endotherm and high crystallinity, but the melting peak is reduced in temperature compared to nascent crystallized powder.
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Biotechnology and Biomedicine (2005)

Due to their electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes are one of the most promising materials for the electronics, computer and aerospace industries. Here, we discuss their properties in the context of future applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. The purification and chemical modification of carbon nanotubes with organic, polymeric and biological molecules are discussed. Additionally we review their uses in biosensors, assembly of structures and devices, scanning probe microscopy and as substrates for neuronal growth. We note that additional toxicity studies of carbon nanotubes are necessary so that exposure guidelines and safety regulations can be established in a timely manner.
Critical Ca Levels and Ca/Mg Ratios in Trifolium subterraneum L. Grown on Serpentine Soil1 (1976)

Abstract Serpentine soils are known to have a low Ca/Mg ratio and to respond to applied Ca in many instances. To assist in assaying the Ca status of these soils we determined the effect of growth stage, plant part, and defoliation treatment on the critical Ca concentrations and Ca/Mg ratios in subclover growing in potted serpentine soil of the Henneke series, a lithic Argixeroll. One of six rates (0, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 3,200 ppm) of Ca as CaSO 4 and uniform rates of P, K, S, and Mo were applied to each pot and the soil was mixed uniformly and planted to ‘Geraldton’ subclover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.). On one set, leaves were removed 61, 85, and 114 days after planting. On a second set, leaves were removed on days 85 and 114, and the third set grew without clipping until day 114. Critical Ca percentages in the three youngest leaves ranged from 0.55 to 0.69%, with no consistent trend due to growth stage or number of times the plant had been defoliated. In old leaves, critical Ca levels ranged from 0.81 to 1.47% and were higher for 114‐day‐old plants than for 85‐day‐old plants. The more often the plant was defoliated the lower the critical Ca level in old leaves. There was no significant difference between young and old stem tissue in critical Ca levels: 0.30 to 0.38% Ca. Defoliation did not induce a consistent change. Critical Ca/Mg ratios in young leaves increased from 0.42 to 0.60 between plant ages of 61 and 85 days, whereas no significant change occurred from day 85 to 114. With plants defoliated for the third time at day 114 the critical Ca/Mg ratio was 0.36, although at the first and second clippings their critical ratios were 0.60. Calcium/Mg ratios were similar in young and old leaves. In young stems the critical Ca/Mg ratios on day 114 for the first, second, and third clippings were respectively 0.48, 0.39, and 0.21. The same values for old stem tissue were 0.38, 0.27, and 0.18. It was concluded that percent Ca and Ca/Mg ratios in new and old stems were insensitive as measures of Ca status since these values changed less in stem than in leaves over a wide range of Ca levels. Percent Ca in young leaves was the best measure of Ca status because critical values varied less due to stage of growth or clipping treatment than did percent Ca in old leaves or Ca/Mg ratios in young or old leaves.
Proton pumping by cytochrome oxidase as studied by time-resolved stopped-flow spectrophotometry. (1993)

The H+/e- stoichiometry for the proton pump of cytochrome c oxidase reportedly varies between 0 and 1, depending on experimental conditions. In this paper, we report the results obtained by a combination of transient optical spectroscopy with a time resolution of 10 ms and a singular value decomposition analysis to follow the kinetics, separate the observed spectral components, and quantitate the stoichiometry of the pump. By using cytochrome oxidase reconstituted into small unilamellar vesicles, we show that the time courses of ferrocytochrome c oxidation and phenol red acidification or alkalinization fit a simple kinetic scheme. The fitting procedure leads to unbiased and objective determination of the H+/e- ratio under various experimental conditions. The proton-pumping stoichiometry was found to be 1.01 +/- 0.10, independent of the number of turnovers, proton back-leak rate, or type of experiment (oxidant or reductant pulse).
HEREDITARY DEGENERATION OF THE RAT RETINA (1938)

RAT RETINA 613 cataract than the retinal lesion itself. This point is being more fully investigated.
Fast Tunable Coupler for Superconducting Qubits (2011)

A major challenge in the field of quantum computing is the construction of scalable qubit coupling architectures. Here, we demonstrate a novel tunable coupling circuit that allows superconducting qubits to be coupled over long distances. We show that the interqubit coupling strength can be arbitrarily tuned over nanosecond time scales within a sequence that mimics actual use in an algorithm. The coupler has a measured on/off ratio of 1000. The design is self-contained and physically separate from the qubits, allowing the coupler to be used as a module to connect a variety of elements such as qubits, resonators, amplifiers, and readout circuitry over distances much larger than nearest-neighbor. Such design flexibility is likely to be useful for a scalable quantum computer.
Highly efficient algorithm for percolative transport studies in two dimensions (1988)

We present a fast algorithm using the Y-\ensuremath{\nabla} transformation for calculating the conductance of large two-dimensional random resistor lattices. The procedure can also be used to calculate other quantities for which Y-\ensuremath{\nabla} transformations can be defined. As an example of the method's usefulness, we present extensive data on square random resistor lattices as large as 1000 bonds on a side. Using this data, we estimate that the conductivity exponent t${=1.303}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}0.014}^{+0.004}$ in two dimensions.
Repurposing isoxazoline veterinary drugs for control of vector-borne human diseases (2018)

Isoxazolines are oral insecticidal drugs currently licensed for ectoparasite control in companion animals. Here we propose their use in humans for the reduction of vector-borne disease incidence. Fluralaner and afoxolaner rapidly killed <i>Anopheles</i>, <i>Aedes</i>, and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes and <i>Phlebotomus</i> sand flies after feeding on a drug-supplemented blood meal, with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 33 to 575 nM, and were fully active against strains with preexisting resistance to common insecticides. Based on allometric scaling of preclinical pharmacokinetics data, we predict that a single human median dose of 260 mg (IQR, 177-407 mg) for afoxolaner, or 410 mg (IQR, 278-648 mg) for fluralaner, could provide an insecticidal effect lasting 50-90 days against mosquitoes and <i>Phlebotomus</i> sand flies. Computational modeling showed that seasonal mass drug administration of such a single dose to a fraction of a regional population would dramatically reduce clinical cases of Zika and malaria in endemic settings. Isoxazolines therefore represent a promising new component of drug-based vector control.
Local Loading Effect in Selective Silicon Epitaxy (1984)

In selective epitaxy, growth rate is modified by the ratio of unmasked area to entire surface area and by each window area on a wafer. Such “local loading effect” phenomena were studied in a SiH 2 Cl 2 /HCl/H 2 selective epitaxial growth system. The effect is attributed to species spatial concentration variation which is generated by coexistence of a masked area and windows on a wafer. The growth condition which can suppress the effect is obtained for VLSI device fabrication.