gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A genomic locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with four genes up‐regulated by osmotic stress (1995)

A locust within chromosome XIII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing four genes upregulated by osmotic stress has been characterized. Two of the genes, but not their osmotic induction, were already described: the DNA damage-inducible gene DDR48 and the protease inhibitor gene PAI3. The two novel genes encode a cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD2) and a peptide of unknown function (SIP18). These genes form a cluster of two pairs of divergent promoters regulated by osmotic stress. The regulation of the divergent ALD2 and DDR48 genes, however, occurs by different mechanisms. ALD2 exhibits maximum induction with 0.3 M NaCl, negative regulation by protein kinase A and dependence on PBS2 and HOG1 protein kinases for osmotic induction. DDR48 requires 1 M NaCl for maximum induction and its expression in independent of PBS2 and HOG1 protein kinases and less sensitive to protein kinase A. PAI3 and SIP18 are as dependent on the above protein kinases as ALD2. Deletion analysis indicates that most of the regulation of the ALD2 promoter is mediated by a negative element counteracted by osmotic stress.
Comparison between three transmucosal routes of administration of midazolam in children (1997)

Midazolam was applied transmucosally in 47 children randomly assigned to three different groups. Group N received 0.2 mg.kg-1 nasally, group R 0.5 mg.kg-1 rectally, and group S 0.2 mg.kg-1 sublingually. All groups were treated 60 min prior to a planned i.v. puncture with EMLA. Reliable and valid psychological parameters (such as emotional situation, shivering, awareness, respiratory rate and facial colour) were scored after premedication and before and after i.v. puncture, 20 min after premedication and until induction. A blood sample was drawn 10, 30 and 60 min after premedication and the levels of midazolam, alpha-hydroxy-midazolam, ACTH, glucose and cortisol were measured. In all three groups the plasma levels of midazolam 10 min after premedication were higher than 70 ng.ml-1 (accepted as a sedative level). 30 min after premedication the midazolam level in the sublingual group was statistically significantly higher than in the nasal group and the psychological parameters in all three groups were significantly changed (10 min after premedication). The psychological parameters were not significantly different between the three groups over the whole study. Sublingual premedication has some advantages (most readily accepted, highest plasma levels and lowest deviations) and could be the first choice in premedication of children. All three transmucosal applications are safe and well accepted, although nasal application was rejected by two of the children.
Selective Electroless Metal Deposition for Via Hole Filling in VLSI Multilevel Interconnection Structures (1989)

Selective electroless metal deposition process is investigated for via hole filling to provide a planar surface for the fabrication of high density multilevel interconnections. The substrates used in this work consisted of a 1.0 μm thick Al layer covered with 1.0–1.5 μm thick CVD silicon dioxide layer. Via holes of 1.5 μm nominal size are formed in the oxide layer by plasma etching. Selective deposition of Ni is achieved by first activating the Al surface in a Pd solution, Ni is then deposited on the activated surface from an aqueous solution using dimethylamineborane or hypophosphite as reducing agents. Pd can be selectively deposited directly on the Al surface without the need of surface activation. Either hypophosphite or hydrazine is used as the reducing agent in the Pd deposition solution. Cobalt can also be selectively deposited to fill the via holes. The filled via holes can have almost perfectly planar surface. Good contact resistance has been obtained by measuring the via chain resistance.
Multielectrode arrays with elastomeric microstructured overlays for extracellular recordings from patterned neurons (2005)

Multielectrode array technology constitutes a promising approach for the characterization of the activity-dependent neuronal plasticity underlying information processing in the nervous system. For this purpose, long-term monitoring and stimulation of cultured neuronal networks with one-to-one neuron-sensor interfacing is advantageous. Existing neurochips that meet these specifications have made use of custom 3D structures requiring clean-room intensive microfabrication techniques. Low-cost fabrication procedures with potential for mass production would facilitate progress in the area. To this end, we have developed a sandwich structure comprising an elastomeric film, microstructured by replica moulding and microhole punching, for neuronal patterning, and a standard planar microelectrode array (MEA), for stimulation and recording. The elastomeric film includes microwells for cell body confinement, and microchannels capable of guiding neurites for network topology specification. The device is formed by overlaying the elastomeric structures on planar arrays. The combination of replica moulding, rapid prototyping and planar MEAs results in low-cost neurochips accessible to most neurophysiology labs. Single neuron patterning and recordings of extracellular potentials are demonstrated.
Histomorphometric analysis of the effects of standard heparin on trabecular bone in vivo (1996)

Long-term heparin treatment causes osteoporosis through an as yet undefined mechanism. To investigate this phenomenon, we treated rats with once daily subcutaneous injections of heparin (in doses ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 U/g) or saline for 8 to 32 days and monitored the effects on bone both histomorphometrically and by serial measurements of urinary type 1 collagen cross linked-pyridinoline (PYD) and serum alkaline phosphatase, markers of bone resorption and formation, respectively. Histomorphometric analysis of the distal third of the right femur in the region proximal to the epiphyseal growth plate showed that heparin induces both a time- and dose-dependent decreased in trabecular bone volume, with the majority of trabecular bone loss occurring within the first 8 days of treatment. Thus, heparin doses of 1.0 U/g/d resulted in a 32% loss of trabecular bone. Heparin-treated rats also showed a 37% decrease in osteoblast surface as well as a 75% decrease in osteoid surface. In contrast, heparin treatment had the opposite effect on osteoclast surface, which was 43% higher in heparin-treated rats, as compared with that in control rats. Biochemical markers of bone turnover showed that heparin treatment produced a dose-dependent decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase and a transient increase in urinary PYD, thus confirming the histomorphometric data. Based on these observations, we conclude that heparin decreases trabecular bone volume both by decreasing the rate of bone formation and increasing the rate of bone resorption.
Establishment of Embryonic Stem Cells from Rat Blastocysts (2009)

Rats have important advantages over mice as an experimental system for physiological and pharmacological investigations. Their embryonic stem (ES) cells, after differentiation into each tissue or organ, are applied in regenerative medicine, which enables examination of the effects of drugs for various diseases. Knockout rats will also provide a suitable model system for many human diseases and a great amount of new insights into gene functions, which have not been revealed by knockout mice. In 2008, we experienced the world's first success in establishing rat ES cells with chimeric contribution. Following on the heels of our report, others reported the establishment of rat ES cells that could complete a germline transmission. Recent studies on rat as well as mouse ES cells suggest that modifications of signal inhibitors and serum in the medium are critical for the maintenance of the pluripotency of ES cells. In this chapter, we discuss techniques for the successful establishment and maintenance of rat ES cells.
Sketch Me That Shoe (2016)

We investigate the problem of fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR), where free-hand human sketches are used as queries to perform instance-level retrieval of images. This is an extremely challenging task because (i) visual comparisons not only need to be fine-grained but also executed cross-domain, (ii) free-hand (finger) sketches are highly abstract, making fine-grained matching harder, and most importantly (iii) annotated cross-domain sketch-photo datasets required for training are scarce, challenging many state-of-the-art machine learning techniques. In this paper, for the first time, we address all these challenges, providing a step towards the capabilities that would underpin a commercial sketch-based image retrieval application. We introduce a new database of 1,432 sketchphoto pairs from two categories with 32,000 fine-grained triplet ranking annotations. We then develop a deep tripletranking model for instance-level SBIR with a novel data augmentation and staged pre-training strategy to alleviate the issue of insufficient fine-grained training data. Extensive experiments are carried out to contribute a variety of insights into the challenges of data sufficiency and over-fitting avoidance when training deep networks for finegrained cross-domain ranking tasks.
Growth of a human breast cancer cell line in serum-free hormone-supplemented medium. (1978)

ZR-75-1, a human breast cancer cell line, has been grown in hormone-supplemented medium without serum. The factors required for optimal growth include 17beta-estradiol, insulin, transferrin, dexamethasone, and L-triiodothyronine. If estradiol, insulin, or L-triiodothyronine is omitted, cells cease division within 7 days, but viability is retained for at least 14 days. Omission of transferrin leads to cell death within 7 days. The cells have been continuously maintained in this environment without morphological alteration or cessation of growth for more than 5 months. Addition of the anti-estrogen, Tamoxifen (10(-6) M), inhibited cells below the growth rate seen when estradiol was omitted from the medium, even when Tamoxifen was added 4 days and two medium changes after the removal of estradiol from the medium, thus suggesting an action of Tamoxifen which may be independent of competition with estradiol. The availability of a human breast cancer cell line that can be propagated in hormone-supplemented medium without serum should aid in the study of the mechanisms by which hormones effect cell growth.
<title>Assessment of image sensor technology for future NASA missions</title> (1994)

An assessment of solid-state UV/visible image sensor technology for future NASA missions is presented. The paper attempts to summarize the state of the art in image sensor technology in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Europe. The state of the art and future trends are compared to a forecast of future NASA needs in scientific image sensors for planetary exploration, earth science, astrophysics, and spacecraft systems such as star trackers and optical communications.
A 0.1Opm Gate Length CMOS Technology with 30A Gate Dielectric for 1.OV-1.W Applications (1997)

Hi h performance 0.1pm (physical) gate length CMOS with demonstrated at 1.OV-1.5V. Scaling to O.lpm Lgte CMOS is described. At lSV, nMOS strong and nominal Ihve=757 and 700pNpm, and PMOS strong and nominal Ihve=337 and 300pVpm. For high performance at l.OV, n- and PMOS are designed with low VT and higher 1,~ (100nA/pm at Lgmn). At lV, nMOS strong and nominal Ihve is 516 and 473pNpm; PMOS strong and nominal Ihve is 220 and 188pNpm. Benchmarking to FOM and CV/I metrics is performed for this l.O-lSV,O.lpm node and prior 1.8-1.5V, 0.18pm nodes. Present lSV, 0.1~ CMOS (as well as our recently reported 1.8lSV, 0.18~ CMOS) has FOM and CV/I values better than the literature trend. The FOM at VDD=l.OV (max I,H = 100 nNpm) is the same as the 1.5V FOM (max io^= lnA/pm).
Prediction of Colorectal Neoplasia by Quantitative Methylation Analysis of Estrogen Receptor Gene in Nonneoplastic Epithelium from Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (2005)

These results suggest that the analysis of ER gene methylation in nonneoplastic colorectal epithelium could have the potential to be a useful adjunct for identifying individuals with longstanding and extensive UC who are at increased risk of neoplasia and contribute to more effective cancer surveillance.
8B4/20, A Private CD43 Epitope on Developing Human Thymocytes, Is Involved in Thymocyte Maturation (1999)

The 8B4/20 Ag is a 120-kDa molecule whose expression on human thymocytes varies according to the differentiation stage: high density on immature CD3-/low thymocytes, reduced density on CD3medium and double-positive thymocytes, and absent on CD3high and single-positive thymocytes and on circulating T cells. In this paper we present immunological and biochemical evidence demonstrating that 8B4/20 Ag is a variant of CD43. We show that 8B4/20-expressing molecules, which are a subset of the CD43 molecules on thymocytes, are heterogeneous in charge, suggesting varying sialylation levels. The 8B4/20 epitope was mapped to the peripherally exposed N-terminal region of CD43, and the 8B4/20 antigenic determinant was characterized by requirement for the sialic acid exocyclic polyhydroxyl side chain, a feature shared with ligands of CD22. Altogether, 8B4/20-CD43 expression pattern and biochemical characteristics suggest its participation in carbohydrate-based interactions in the thymus. We therefore used specific Ab to mimic putative 8B4/20 interactions with natural ligand and examined the effect on isolated thymocytes. Treatment with 8B4/20 had no effect on in vitro apoptosis of isolated thymocytes. In contrast, 8B4/20 ligation enhanced the conversion of isolated thymocytes to differentiated phenotypes. Increased numbers were found in 8B4/20-treated cultures of CD3high and single-positive thymocytes and decreased numbers of CD3-/low and double-positive thymocytes, strongly suggesting that engagement of 8B4/20 delivers a positive signal that favors completion of the thymocyte maturation program. The ability of 8B4/20 mAb to drive thymocyte maturation in vitro suggests that CD43 molecules bearing the 8B4/20 epitope participate in early events of thymic selection.
Caching in video CDNs (2014)

Planet-scale video Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) deliver a significant fraction of the entire Internet traffic. Effective caching at the edge is vital for the feasibility of these CDNs, which can otherwise incur significant monetary costs and resource overloads in the Internet.
Accurate transcription of a plant mitochondrial gene in vitro. (1991)

To investigate transcriptional mechanisms in plant mitochondria, we have developed an accurate and efficient in vitro transcription system consisting of a partially purified wheat mitochondrial extract programmed with cloned DNA templates containing the promoter for the wheat mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene (coxII). Using this system, we localize the coxII promoter to a 372-bp region spanning positions -56 to -427 relative to the coxII translation initiation codon. We show that in vitro transcription of coxII is initiated at position -170, precisely the same site at which transcription is initiated in vivo. Transcription begins within the sequence GTATAGTAAGTA (the initiating nucleotide is underlined), which is similar to the consensus yeast mitochondrial promoter motif, (A/T)TATAAGTA. This is the first in vitro system that faithfully reproduces in vivo transcription of a plant mitochondrial gene.
Plasticization-Enhanced Hydrogen Purification Using Polymeric Membranes (2006)

Polymer membranes are attractive for molecular-scale separations such as hydrogen purification because of inherently low energy requirements. However, membrane materials with outstanding hydrogen separation performance in feed streams containing high-pressure carbon dioxide and impurities such as hydrogen sulfide and water are not available. We report highly permeable, reverse-selective membrane materials for hydrogen purification, as exemplified by molecularly engineered, highly branched, cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide). In contrast to the performance of conventional materials, we demonstrate that plasticization can be harnessed to improve separation performance.
A Cell Surface Protein with Herpesvirus Entry Activity (HveB) Confers Susceptibility to Infection by Mutants of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, and Pseudorabies Virus (1998)

Certain mutant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are unable to infect cells in which entry is dependent on HVEM, the previously described herpesvirus entry mediator designated here as herpesvirus entry protein A (HveA). These mutant viruses can infect other cells where entry is apparently dependent on other co-receptors. The mutant virus HSV-1(KOS)Rid1 was used to screen a human cDNA expression library for ability of transfected plasmids to convert resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells to susceptibility to virus entry. A plasmid expressing the previously described poliovirus receptor-related protein 2 (Prr2) was isolated on the basis of this activity. This protein, designated here as HveB, was shown to mediate the entry of three mutant HSV-1 strains that cannot use HVEM as co-receptor, but not wild-type HSV-1 strains. HveB also mediated the entry of HSV-2 and pseudorabies virus but not bovine herpesvirus type 1. HveB was expressed in some human neuronal cell lines, fibroblastic cells, keratinocytes, and primary activated T lymphocytes. Antibodies specific for HveB blocked infection of HveB-expressing CHO cells and a human fibroblastic cell strain HEL299. Differences in ability of HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains to use HveB for entry should influence the types of cells that can be infected and thereby account in part for serotype and strain differences in tissue tropism and pathogenicity.
A passive-mixer-first receiver with baseband-controlled RF impedance matching, &#x226A; 6dB NF, and &#x226B; 27dBm wideband IIP3 (2010)

A passive-mixer-first receiver in 65 nm CMOS is presented where baseband feedback resistors provide a tunable impedance match to the RF port using the transparency property of passive mixers. Tuned to an S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> <-12 dB, the circuit achieves >27 dBm wideband IIP3, <6 dB NF and >70 dB of gain with 60 mW power consumption.
Representations of hindlimb digits in rat dorsal root ganglia (1999)

The distribution in dorsal root ganglia of neurones that innervate the distal tips of the hindlimb digits in the rat were mapped after subcutaneous injections of the fluorescent tracers Fast Blue, Diamidino Yellow, and Fluoro-Gold into different digits. Three-dimensional reconstruction was used to describe the intraganglionic distribution of neurones labelled from different digits. Labelled neurones were found mainly in the L3-L5 ganglia. The distribution in ganglia and the number of neurones labelled from each digit varied considerably between cases, but mean numbers of labelled neurones were similar for the different digits. Neurones in L3 tended to innervate medial digits and neurones in L5 tended to innervate lateral digits, but most neurones from any digit were found in L4. Although overlap was considerable, the three-dimensional reconstruction showed tendencies of neurones to be distributed in restricted territories within the dorsal root ganglia. This was especially clear in ganglion L5, where digit IV was found to be represented more rostrally than digit V. The results indicate that primary afferent neurones that innervate the hindlimb digits are represented by a crude rostrocaudal somatotopic organisation both among and within lumbar dorsal root ganglia.
Transition metal vanadium oxides and vanadate materials for lithium batteries (2011)

Transition metal vanadium oxides and vanadates have been widely investigated as possible active materials for primary and rechargeable lithium batteries. As compared to the classic lithium-insertion compounds such as LiCoO2, the composite vanadium oxides and vanadates have the prominent advantages of high theoretical capacities owing to multistep reductions and more electron transfer upon lithium intercalation. This short review presents a survey of recent advances made in the application of transition metal vanadium oxides and vanadates. Particularly, the structure, synthesis and electrochemical properties of silver vanadium oxides (e.g., AgVO3, Ag2V4O11 and Ag4V2O6F2) and copper vanadates (e.g., CuV2O6, Cu2.33V4O11 and Cu1.1V4O11) are discussed, with the illustration of the effect of crystal structure, composition, and morphology on the battery performance. Benefits gained from reducing the particle size have been particularly demonstrated.
Strategies for Delaying or TreatingIn vivoAcquired Resistance to Trastuzumab in Human Breast Cancer Xenografts (2006)

Our results provide a possible additional rationale for combined biological therapy using drugs that target both erbB-2/HER2 and VEGF and also suggest the potential value of combining less toxic metronomic chemotherapy regimens not only with targeted antiangiogenic agents but also with other types of drug such as trastuzumab.
Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of autotaxin that inhibit melanoma cell migration and invasion (2008)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a prometastatic enzyme initially isolated from the conditioned medium of human melanoma cells that stimulates a myriad of biological activities, including angiogenesis and the promotion of cell growth, survival, and differentiation through the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX increases the aggressiveness and invasiveness of transformed cells, and ATX levels directly correlate with tumor stage and grade in several human malignancies. To study the role of ATX in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma, we developed antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors against recombinant human protein. Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded human tissue shows that ATX levels are markedly increased in human primary and metastatic melanoma relative to benign nevi. Chemical screens identified several small-molecule inhibitors with binding constants ranging from nanomolar to low micromolar. Cell migration and invasion assays with melanoma cell lines show that ATX markedly stimulates melanoma cell migration and invasion, an effect suppressed by ATX inhibitors. The migratory phenotype can be rescued by the addition of the enzymatic product of ATX, LPA, confirming that the observed inhibition is linked to suppression of LPA production by ATX. Chemical analogues of the inhibitors show structure-activity relationships important for ATX inhibition and indicate pathways for their optimization. These studies suggest that ATX is an approachable molecular target for the rational design of chemotherapeutic agents directed against malignant melanoma.