gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered Real‐Time Arterial Pulse Monitoring Using Ultrathin Epidermal Piezoelectric Sensors (2017)

Continuous monitoring of an arterial pulse using a pressure sensor attached on the epidermis is an important technology for detecting the early onset of cardiovascular disease and assessing personal health status. Conventional pulse sensors have the capability of detecting human biosignals, but have significant drawbacks of power consumption issues that limit sustainable operation of wearable medical devices. Here, a self-powered piezoelectric pulse sensor is demonstrated to enable in vivo measurement of radial/carotid pulse signals in near-surface arteries. The inorganic piezoelectric sensor on an ultrathin plastic achieves conformal contact with the complex texture of the rugged skin, which allows to respond to the tiny pulse changes arising on the surface of epidermis. Experimental studies provide characteristics of the sensor with a sensitivity (≈0.018 kPa<sup>-1</sup> ), response time (≈60 ms), and good mechanical stability. Wireless transmission of detected arterial pressure signals to a smart phone demonstrates the possibility of self-powered and real-time pulse monitoring system.
에스트로겐과 활성형 비타민 D의 병합투여가 요추 골밀도에 미치는 영향 (1996)

Administration of estrogen or vitamin D has been shown to increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. To evaluate any added beneficial effects of estrogen combined with vitamine D, 101 postmenopausal attending menopause clinic were allocated into two treatment group; group l,estrogen + progestin(n=72); group 2,estrogen + progestin + 1a-hydroxyvitamin D3 0.5ug/day(n=29). After 1 year of treatment, spinal bone mineral density(BMD) were increased 3.3% in all women. The percent increament of spinal BMD is higher in group 2 than in group 1(244+-6.7 vs 5.7+-9.8, p< 0.05) and higher in women with osteopenia than normal BMD before treatment(3.4+-2.4 vs 8.4+-11.2, p<0.05).The percent increasment of spinal BMD correlated with age(group 1; r=0.27, p=0.02, group 2;r=0.41, p=0.02) and menopausal duration in group 2(r=0.45, p=0.01). From the above results, it might be suggested that conbined therapy is more effective in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Zur Frage der Instabilität von Polyacrylamidlösungen (1978)

Abstract Die Lösungsinstabilität(auch Alterung oder Viskositätsabbau genannt) von hochreinen Polyacrylamiden (PAAm) verschiedener Molekulargewichte wurde untersucht. Diese Instabilität äßert sich durch eine Abnahme der Lösungsviskosität und des [η] in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit bei gleichzeitigem Flockungsverlust. Die Lösungsinstabilität tritt nur bei Molekulargewichten M̄ &gt; 1,5 Mill. in wäßriger Lösung auf. PAAm.‐Lösungen in Formamid und äthylenglykol sind stabil. Die Viskositätsabnahme erfolgt in einem Konzentrationsbereich von c = 0,001 bis 5%. Die Einstellung verschiedener pH‐Werte im Bereich von pH = 1 bis 12 mittels Puffersubstanzen sowie die Zusätze von Hydrochinon, Chinon, NaNO 2 und Na 2 SO 3 führen nicht zu einer Lösungsstabilität. Nur pH = 5 zeigte sich eine Stabilisierung der Lösung, die jedoch beim Wechsel der Puffersubstanz bei gleichem pH wiederum in eine Instabilität überging. Zusätze von Isopropanol führen sowohl bei technischen Handelsprodukten als auch bei hochreinen Laborprodukten zu einer Stabilisierung wäßriger PAAm‐Lösungen. Der Mechanismus der Lösungsinstabilität besteht nicht in einem Molekulargewichtsabbau durch Kettenbruch, sondern offenbar in einer änderung der Lösungsstruktur der Einzelmoleküle unter Beteiligung von Wasserstoff‐Brücken.
Functional interactions between chpB and parD, two homologous conditional killer systems found in the Escherichia coli chromosome and in plasmid R1 (1998)

parD and chpB are homologous conditional killer systems of plasmid and chromosomal origin, respectively. They are bicistronic operons encoding a killer protein (Kid and ChpBK) and an antidote (Kis and ChpBI). It is shown that the antidote of the chpB system can neutralize the toxin of the parD system. This activity is improved by particular amino acid changes at the amino end of the ChpBI antidote. It is further shown that the chpB system is weakly autoregulated and that the activity of a second promoter, previously identified upstream of the regulated promoter, can modulate the functional interactions between the chpB and parD systems.
Coronary x‐ray angiographic reconstruction and image orientation (2006)

We have developed an interactive geometric method for 3D reconstruction of the coronary arteries using multiple single-plane angiographic views with arbitrary orientations. Epipolar planes and epipolar lines are employed to trace corresponding vessel segments on these views. These points are utilized to reconstruct 3D vessel centerlines. The accuracy of the reconstruction is assessed using: (1) near-intersection distances of the rays that connect x-ray sources with projected points, (2) distances between traced and projected centerlines. These same two measures enter into a fitness function for a genetic search algorithm (GA) employed to orient the angiographic image planes automatically in 3D avoiding local minima in the search for optimized parameters. Furthermore, the GA utilizes traced vessel shapes (as opposed to isolated anchor points) to assist the optimization process. Differences between two-view and multiview reconstructions are evaluated. Vessel radii are measured and used to render the coronary tree in 3D as a surface. Reconstruction fidelity is demonstrated via (1) virtual phantom, (2) real phantom, and (3) patient data sets, the latter two of which utilize the GA. These simulated and measured angiograms illustrate that the vessel center-lines are reconstructed in 3D with accuracy below 1 mm. The reconstruction method is thus accurate compared to typical vessel dimensions of 1-3 mm. The methods presented should enable a combined interpretation of the severity of coronary artery stenoses and the hemodynamic impact on myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease.
A row-based cell placement method that utilizes circuit structural properties (1995)

We propose a cell placement method for row-based integrated circuit layout. The proposed method cleverly utilizes the structural properties of the circuits. It first extracts strongly connected subcircuits, called cones, from the circuit and then groups small cones, called fragments, to reduce the number of cones. The algorithm then performs a macro-cell placement, treating each cone as a soft macro. Next, it maps the resulting macro-cell placement into a row-based placement. Finally, it applies a simulated-annealing procedure to refine the row-based placement. It is able to produce, in a shorter period of CPU time, a higher quality placement compared to classical simulated-annealing-based placement methods as demonstrated by some experimental results on the MCNC benchmarks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Purification and characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from Sarcina ventriculi (1992)

Pyruvate decarboxylase from the obligate anaerobe Sarcina ventriculi was purified eightfold. The subunit Mr was 57,000 +/- 3000 as estimated from SDS-PAGE, and the native Mr estimated by gel filtration on a Superose 6 column was 240,000, indicating that the enzyme is a tetramer. The Mr values are comparable to those for pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are also tetrameric enzymes. The enzyme was oxygen stable, and had a pH optimum within the range 6.3-6.7. It displayed sigmoidal kinetics for pyruvate, with a S0.5 of 13 mM, kinetic properties also found for pyruvate decarboxylase from yeast and differing from the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the enzyme from Z. mobilis. No activators were found. p-Chloromercuribenzoate inhibited activity and the inhibition was reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol, indicating that cysteine is important in the active site. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of pyruvate decarboxylase was more similar to the sequence of S. cerevisiae than Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase.
Isolation of total RNA from baker’s yeast (2006)

A simple method of production of total RNA from baker's yeast was developed. Total RNA was isolated from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) biomass using lysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 100 degrees C for 40-60 min and subsequent precipitation of the target product with 3 M NaCl. The preparation obtained was characterized in detail: yield of total RNA from 1 kg of pressed yeast, 9.25 g; optical density at 260 nm of 1 mg of RNA dissolved in 1 ml of water, 20.2 U; content of the acid-soluble fraction, 2.02%; and protein content, 1.8%. Total tRNA was isolated from total RNA by fractional precipitation with ethanol followed by gel filtration.
Myonuclear domains in muscle adaptation and disease (1999)

Adult skeletal muscle fibers are among the few cell types that are truly multinucleated. Recently, evidence has accumulated supporting a role for the modulation of myonuclear number during muscle remodeling in response to injury, adaptation, and disease. These studies have demonstrated that muscle hypertrophy is associated with, and is dependent on, the addition of newly formed myonuclei via the fusion of myogenic cells to the adult myofiber, whereas muscle atrophy and disease appear to be associated with the loss of myonuclei, possibly through apoptotic-like mechanisms. Moreover, these studies also have demonstrated that myonuclear domain size, i. e., the amount of cytoplasm per myonucleus, is unchanged following the acute phase of hypertrophy but is reduced following atrophy. Together these data demonstrate that modulation of myonuclear number or myonuclear domain size (or both) is a mechanism contributing to the remodeling of adult skeletal muscle in response to alterations in the level of normal neuromuscular activity.
Review: Chris Mann & Fiona Stewart (2000). Internet Communication and Qualitative Research: A Handbook for Researching Online (2008)

URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs010120
CD3xPDL1 bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) simultaneously activates T cells and NKT cells, kills PDL1+ tumor cells, and extends the survival of tumor-bearing humanized mice (2017)

Bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) activate T cells through CD3 and target activated T cells to tumor-expressed antigens. BiTEs have shown therapeutic efficacy in patients with liquid tumors; however, they do not benefit all patients. Anti-tumor immunity is limited by Programmed Death 1 (PD1) pathway-mediated immune suppression, and patients who do not benefit from existing BiTES may be non-responders because their T cells are anergized via the PD1 pathway. We have designed a BiTE that activates and targets both T cells and NKT cells to PDL1<sup>+</sup> cells. <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrate that the CD3xPDL1 BiTE simultaneously binds to both CD3 and PDL1, and activates healthy donor CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and NKT cells that are specifically cytotoxic for PDL1<sup>+</sup> tumor cells. Cancer patients' PBMC are also activated and cytotoxic, despite the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The CD3xPDL1 BiTE significantly extends the survival time and maintains activated immune cell levels in humanized NSG mice reconstituted with human PBMC and carrying established human melanoma tumors. These studies suggest that the CD3xPDL1 BiTE may be efficacious for patients with PDL1<sup>+</sup> solid tumors, in combination with other immunotherapies that do not specifically neutralize PD1 pathway-mediated immune suppression.
Aspartate‐70 to glycine substitution confers resistance to naturally occurring and synthetic anionic‐site ligands on inovo produced human butyrylcholinesterase (1990)

The "atypical" allelic variant of human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) can be characterized by its failure to bind the local anesthetic dibucaine, the muscle relaxant succinylcholine, and the naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid solanidine, all assumed to bind to the charged anionic site component within the normal BuChE enzyme. A single nucleotide substitution conferring a change of aspartate-70 into glycine was recently reported in the CHE gene encoding BuChE from several individuals having the "atypical" BuChE phenotype, whereas in two other DNA samples, this mutation appeared together with a second alteration conferring a change of serine-425 into proline. To separately assess the contribution of each of these mutations toward anionic site interactions in BuChE, three transcription constructs were engineered with each of these substitutions alone or both of them together. Xenopus oocyte microinjection of normal or mutated synthetic BuChEmRNA transcripts was employed in conjunction with biochemical analyzes of the resultant recombinant BuChE variants. The presence of the Gly-70 mutation alone was found to render the enzyme resistant to 100 microM solanidine and 5 mM succinylcholine; concentrations sufficient to inhibit the "normal," Asp-70 containing BuChE by over 50%. Furthermore, when completely inhibited by the organophosphorous poison diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), Gly-70 BuChE failed to be reactivated by 10 mM of the cholinesterase-specific oxime pyridine 2-aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM); a concentration restoring about 50% of activity in the "normal" Asp-70 recombinant enzyme. The Pro-425 mutation alone had no apparent influence on BuChE interactions with any of these ligands. However, it conferred synergistic effects on some of the anionic site changes induced by the Gly-70 mutation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Times and costs analysis for sheet-metal cutting processes in an integrated CAD/CAM system (1998)

The aim of the present article is to develop a detailed time and cost analysis for process planning sheet-metal operations. A special computer module for determining the times and costs in sheet-metal operations has been developed and integrated in a CAD/CAM system which incorporates modules for nesting, toolpath generation, post-processing, etc. The special module allows all the geometrical and technological data from other modules in the CAD/CAM system (e.g. cutting conditions, toolpath parameters, types of material, cutting gases, etc.) required for the cost and time analysis to be automatically included without the need to manually enter the data in the module. This program can also be used as a 'stand alone' module, it has been developed with a graphic programming language (AutoLISP). Case studies are presented to highlight the benefits of using the program during practice.
ThreeC. elegansRac proteins and several alternative Rac regulators control axon guidance, cell migration and apoptotic cell phagocytosis (2001)

The Caenorhabditis elegans genome contains three rac-like genes, ced-10, mig-2, and rac-2. We report that ced-10, mig-2 and rac-2 act redundantly in axon pathfinding: inactivating one gene had little effect, but inactivating two or more genes perturbed both axon outgrowth and guidance. mig-2 and ced-10 also have redundant functions in some cell migrations. By contrast, ced-10 is uniquely required for cell-corpse phagocytosis, and mig-2 and rac-2 have only subtle roles in this process. Rac activators are also used differentially. The UNC-73 Trio Rac GTP exchange factor affected all Rac pathways in axon pathfinding and cell migration but did not affect cell-corpse phagocytosis. CED-5 DOCK180, which acts with CED-10 Rac in cell-corpse phagocytosis, acted with MIG-2 but not CED-10 in axon pathfinding. Thus, distinct regulatory proteins modulate Rac activation and function in different developmental processes.
Functions of SR and Tra2 Proteins in Pre-mRNA Splicing Regulation (1999)

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a powerful mechanism of gene expression control in eukaryotic cells that can influence cell function, cellular differentiation, and development. In some instances, as exemplified by the sex-specific regulation of transformer splicing by the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene product in Drosophila, it may be used as an on/off switch of gene expression, mimicking transcriptional control (1). Other examples, like the cell-specific splicing of the calcitonin/CGRP pre-mRNA (2) or the sex-specific splicing of the Drosophila doublesex pre-mRNA (1), illustrate that alternative splicing provides an economical way to switch between mutually exclusive gene functions in a cell- or stage-specific manner. Its extraordinary versatility in the regulation of gene function is amply demonstrated by recent findings suggesting that electrical tuning of the hair cells in the inner ear of the chick is accomplished in part through variations in the splicing of the cSlo primary transcript, which has the potential of generating at least 576 different proteins (reviewed in Ref. 3). Alternative splicing can thus provide a means to store, within a single gene, finely tuned information gradients that can be distributed in a spatially regulated manner. The latter example also illustrates that in many instances there may be a need for tight control of alternative splicing patterns, which in turn may require complex mechanisms of regulation.Cell-Specific Splicing is Governed by Combinatorial ControlHow are alternative splicing patterns controlled, and what are the trans-acting factors involved? Although the identification of the Drosophila products of the sex-determination genes Sex-lethal, transformer, and transformer 2 as splicing regulators was made possible by the unique power of Drosophila genetics, corresponding efforts to identify mammalian splicing regulators has so far had to rely on biochemical approaches. As a result of the complexity generally observed in alternative splicing patterns, it has been difficult to identify mammalian factors involved in the cell- or stage-specific control of single splicing events.
Sensory motor cortex: correlation of presurgical mapping with functional MR imaging and invasive cortical mapping. (1994)

Presurgical mapping of the sensory motor cortex is a potentially useful clinical application of functional MR imaging.
Viral‐mediated oligodendroglial alpha‐synuclein expression models multiple system atrophy (2017)

Viral-mediated oligodendroglial expression of α-synuclein allows replicating some of the key features of MSA. This flexible strategy can be used to investigate, in several species, how α-synuclein accumulation in selected oligodendroglial populations contributes to the pathophysiology of MSA and offers a new framework for preclinical validation of therapeutic strategies. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Physical Characterisation of Transparent Plzt Ceramics Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition (2008)

In order to archive transparent PLZT Ceramics, green bodies have been prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. the submicron PLZT powder was produced by an improved mixed oxide route. Compared to the strongly varying optical quality of transparent ceramics by using cold pressed green bodies the number and size of pores could significantly be reduced. the optical and electrical properties of the samples are presented and discussed. Additionally dielectric constant and polarisation properties of the samples are shown in detail and compared with other compositions and properties of typical ferroelectric ceramics. the results show that EPD is a very suitable method for the production of green bodies with any size, complex shapes and highest optical properties.
Clinical studies of IGFBP-2 by radioimmunoassay. (1993)

A specific radioimmunoassay for human IGFBP-2 was developed using a polyclonal antiserum directed against a partial sequence (hIGFBP-2(176-190)). The tracer was prepared by radioiodination of a [Tyr]o-hIGFBP-2(176-190) derivative. The assay was used to study IGFBP-2 levels in numerous clinical and experimental situations. There was little circadian fluctuations of serum level which showed a marked age-dependence with high levels at birth and senescence and low levels during puberty. Decreased IGFBP-2 levels were present in untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), in acromegaly and during dexamethasone suppression test. GH deficiency, fasting, IGF-I administration to patients with GH receptor deficiency, hepatic failure and insulinomas caused a moderate increase of serum IGFBP-2. Markedly elevated levels were found in chronic renal failure, non-islet cell tumour induced hypoglycemia and leukaemias. The fact that all possible relationships between insulin secretion and IGFBP-2 levels could be identified suggests that insulin is not a major regulator. In general, there was an inverse relationship with serum IGFBP-3 (except IDDM) and IGFBP-2 levels were high in situations where free IGF-II should be expected to be high. The tentative conclusion would therefore be that free IGF-II is a major regulator of circulating IGFBP-2.
Radiometric method for the rapid detection of Leptospira organisms (1986)

A rapid and sensitive radiometric method for detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni is described. Stuart's medium and Middlebrook TB (12A) medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, catalase, and casein hydrolysate and labeled with 14C-fatty acids were used. The radioactivity was measured in a BACTEC 460 (Johnston Laboratories). With this system, Leptospira organisms were detected in human blood in 2 to 5 days, a notably shorter time period than that required for the majority of detection techniques.
Thyroid Na+/I− Symporter (1997)

The rat thyroid Na+/I- symporter (NIS) was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and characterized using electrophysiological, tracer uptake, and electron microscopic methods. NIS activity was found to be electrogenic and Na+-dependent (Na+ >> Li+ >> H+). The apparent affinity constants for Na+ and I- were 28 +/- 3 mM and 33 +/- 9 microM, respectively. Stoichiometry of Na+/anion cotransport was 2:1. NIS was capable of transporting a wide variety of anions (I-, ClO3-, SCN-, SeCN-, NO3-, Br-, BF4-, IO4-, BrO3-, but perchlorate (ClO4-) was not transported. In the absence of anion substrate, NIS exhibited a Na+-dependent leak current (approximately 35% of maximum substrate-induced current) with an apparent Na+ affinity of 74 +/- 14 mM and a Hill coefficient (n) of 1. In response to step voltage changes, NIS exhibited current transients that relaxed with a time constant of 8-14 ms. Presteady-state charge movements (integral of the current transients) versus voltage relations obey a Boltzmann relation. The voltage for half-maximal charge translocation (V0.5) was -15 +/- 3 mV, and the apparent valence of the movable charge was 1. Total charge was insensitive to [Na+]o, but V0.5 shifted to more negative potentials as [Na+]o was reduced. NIS charge movements are attributed to the conformational changes of the empty transporter within the membrane electric field. The turnover rate of NIS was >/=22 s-1 in the Na+ uniport mode and >/=36 s-1 in the Na+/I- cotransport mode. Transporter density in the plasma membrane was determined using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Expression of NIS in oocytes led to a approximately 2. 5-fold increase in the density of plasma membrane protoplasmic face intramembrane particles. On the basis of the kinetic results, we propose an ordered simultaneous transport mechanism in which the binding of Na+ to NIS occurs first.