gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anytime, anywhere: the social impact of emerging communication technology (1996)

The article discusses the advent of anytime, anywhere communication capability and its potential impact on our society. It examines the ways in which technology becomes accepted and integrated into our lives, including the role of human values. The report also focuses on both the beneficial and detrimental effects of emerging communication technology, such as its ability to put the disabled and disenfranchised on equal footing with the rest of the online population, and the possibility that individuals will become so isolated behind their computer screens that they will lose the ability to carry on face to face relationships. Finally, privacy and data security are discussed, as well as the limitations of physiology in a 24 hour society.
Curved PN triangles (2001)

Article Share on Curved PN triangles Authors: Alex Vlachos ATI Research ATI ResearchView Profile , Jörg Peters Univ. of Florida, Gainesville Univ. of Florida, GainesvilleView Profile , Chas Boyd Microsoft Corp. Microsoft Corp.View Profile , Jason L. Mitchell ATI Research ATI ResearchView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '01: Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsMarch 2001Pages 159–166https://doi.org/10.1145/364338.364387Published:01 March 2001Publication History 161citation1,348DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations161Total Downloads1,348Last 12 Months47Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Induction of an antioxidant protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by O2, Fe3+, or 2-mercaptoethanol. (1989)

A soluble 27-kDa protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae specifically prevents the inactivation of various enzymes caused by a nonenzymatic Fe3+/O2/thiol mixed-function oxidation system but not by mixed-function oxidation systems in which the thiol component is replaced by another electron donor-e.g., ascorbate. In this report, using a 125I-labeled monospecific antibody against the 27-kDa protein, we measured changes in the 27-kDa protector protein in response to changes in oxidative stress and heat shock. With a shift from an anaerobic (95% N2/5% CO2) to a hyperaerobic (95% O2/5% CO2) atmosphere, a 3-fold increase was observed. This increase was prevented by cycloheximide, indicating that the induction requires new protein synthesis. The antioxidant protein synthesis was also significantly enhanced by the addition of either 2-mercaptoethanol or Fe3+ to the growth medium. Radioimmunoassay results also show that the antioxidant protein is an abundant protein, as it constitutes 0.7% of total soluble protein from yeast grown aerobically. Immunoblotting experiments revealed that rat tissues also contain a 27-kDa protein that can be specifically recognized by antibodies against the yeast protein. These results suggest that in vivo induction in yeast of the 27-kDa protein may represent an adaptive response that evolved to protect cells against damage caused by thiol-dependent mixed-function oxidation systems, and the antioxidant protein is conserved in mammalian tissues. A heat shock applied to yeast did not cause any significant increases in the concentration of the 27-kDa protein.
Planar strip array (PSA) for MRI (2001)

Parallel, spatial-encoded MRI requires a large number of independent detectors that simultaneously acquire signals. The loop structure and mutual coupling in conventional phased arrays limit the number of coils and therefore the potential reduction in minimum scan time achievable by parallel MRI tchniques. A new near-field MRI detector array, the planar strip array (PSA), is presented that eliminates the coupling problems and can be extended to a very large number of detectors and high MRI frequencies. Its basic structure is an array of parallel microstrips with a high permittivity substrate and overlay. The electromagnetic (EM) wavelength can be adjusted with the permittivity, and the strip lengths tuned to a preselected fraction of the wavelength of the MRI frequency. EM wave analysis and measurements on a prototype four-element PSA reveal that the coupling between the strips vanishes when the strip length is either an integer times a quarter wavelength for a standing-wave PSA, or a half wavelength for a travelling-wave PSA, independent of the spacing between the strips. The analysis, as well as phantom and human MRI experiments performed by conventional and parallel-encoded MRI with the PSA at 1.5 T, show that the decoupled strips produce a relatively high-quality factor and signal-to-noise ratio, provided that the strips are properly terminated, tuned, and matched or coupled to the preamplifiers. Magn Reson Med 45:673-683, 2001.
Vectors expressing efficient RNA decoys achieve the long-term suppression of specific microRNA activity in mammalian cells (2009)

Whereas the strong and stable suppression of specific microRNA activity would be essential for the functional analysis of these molecules, and also for the development of therapeutic applications, effective inhibitory methods to achieve this have not yet been fully established. In our current study, we tested various RNA decoys which were designed to efficiently expose indigestible complementary RNAs to a specific miRNA molecule. These inhibitory RNAs were at the same time designed to be expressed in lentiviral vectors and to be transported into the cytoplasm after transcription by RNA polymerase III. We report the optimal conditions that we have established for the design of such RNA decoys (we term these molecules TuD RNAs; tough decoy RNAs). We finally demonstrate that TuD RNAs induce specific and strong biological effects and also show that TuD RNAs achieve the efficient and long-term-suppression of specific miRNAs for over 1 month in mammalian cells.
Techniques to improve the direct ex vivo detection of low frequency antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells with peptide‐major histocompatibility complex class I tetramers (2008)

The ability to quantify and characterize antigen-specific CD8+ T cells irrespective of functional readouts using fluorochrome-conjugated peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) tetramers in conjunction with flow cytometry has transformed our understanding of cellular immune responses over the past decade. In the case of prevalent CD8+ T cell populations that engage cognate pMHCI tetramers with high avidities, direct ex vivo identification and subsequent data interpretation is relatively straightforward. However, the accurate identification of low frequency antigen-specific CD8+ T cell populations can be complicated, especially in situations where T cell receptor-mediated tetramer binding occurs at low avidities. Here, we highlight a few simple techniques that can be employed to improve the visual resolution, and hence the accurate quantification, of tetramer binding CD8+ T cell populations by flow cytometry. These methodological modifications enhance signal intensity, especially in the case of specific CD8+ T cell populations that bind cognate antigen with low avidities, minimize background noise, and enable improved discrimination of true pMHCI tetramer binding events from nonspecific uptake.
VEGF-121 preserves renal microvessel structure and ameliorates secondary renal disease following acute kidney injury (2008)

Acute kidney injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) compromises microvascular density and predisposes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sodium-dependent hypertension. VEGF-121 was administered to rats fed a standard (0.4%) sodium diet at various times following recovery from I/R injury for up to 35 days. VEGF-121 had no effect on the initial loss of renal function, as indicated by serum creatinine levels measured 24 h after injury. Serum creatinine levels declined thereafter, indicative of renal repair. Rats were then switched to an elevated (4.0%) sodium diet for an additional 28 days to induce CKD. The 4.0% sodium diet enhanced renal hypertrophy, interstitial volume, albuminuria, and cardiac hypertrophy relative to postischemic animals maintained on the 0.4% sodium diet. Administration of VEGF-121 from day 0 to 14, day 0 to 35, or day 3 to 35 after I/R suppressed the effects of sodium diet on CKD development, while delayed administration of VEGF-121 from day 21 to 35 had no effect. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels were upregulated in postischemic animals, and this effect was significantly increased by the 4.0% sodium diet but was not influenced by prior treatment with VEGF. Conversely, microvascular density was preserved in postischemic animals treated with VEGF-121 relative to vehicle-treated postischemic animals. These data suggest that early, but not delayed, treatment with VEGF-121 can preserve vascular structure after ischemia and influence chronic renal function in response to elevated sodium intake.
Functionally independent components of early event-related potentials in a visual spatial attention task (1999)

Spatial visual attention modulates the first negative-going deflection in the human averaged event-related potential (ERP) in response to visual target and non-target stimuli (the N1 complex). Here we demonstrate a decomposition of N1 into functionally independent subcomponents with functionally distinct relations to task and stimulus conditions. ERPs were collected from 20 subjects in response to visual target and non-target stimuli presented at five attended and non-attended screen locations. Independent component analysis, a new method for blind source separation, was trained simultaneously on 500 ms grand average responses from all 25 stimulus-attention conditions and decomposed the non-target N1 complexes into five spatially fixed, temporally independent and physiologically plausible components. Activity of an early, laterally symmetrical component pair (N1aR and N1aL) was evoked by the left and right visual field stimuli, respectively. Component N1aR peaked ca. 9 ms earlier than N1aL. Central stimuli evoked both components with the same peak latency difference, producing a bilateral scalp distribution. The amplitudes of these components were no reliably augmented by spatial attention. Stimuli in the right visual field evoked activity in a spatio-temporally overlapping bilateral component (N1b) that peaked at ca. 180 ms and was strongly enhanced by attention. Stimuli presented at unattended locations evoked a fourth component (P2a) peaking near 240 ms. A fifth component (P3f) was evoked only by targets presented in either visual field. The distinct response patterns of these components across the array of stimulus and attention conditions suggest that they reflect activity in functionally independent brain systems involved in processing attended and unattended visuospatial events.
Bone ingrowth and stress shielding with a porous surface coated fracture fixation plate (1979)

Abstract The extent of bone remodelling under metal fixation plates attached to bone by (i) normal screw fixation and (ii) bone ingrowth into a porous metallic surface underlayer sintered to the metal plate was investigated. Extensive bone remodelling was observed under the integrally bonded porous surface layered plate. This remodelling could be attributed to the more extensive stress transfer from bone to metal plate because of the good bone‐to‐implant bonding. The importance of stress shielding with high stiffness implants is demonstrated.
A Fast Mode Decision Method Based on Motion Cost and Intra Prediction Cost for H.264/AVC (2011)

The H.264/AVC video coding standard can achieve higher compression performance than previous video coding standards, such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.263. In order to improve the coding performance, the H.264/AVC encoder employs various modes and the rate-distortion (RD) optimization method for selection of an optimum mode. Since the encoder computes RD costs of all possible coding modes to decide the optimum mode, it induces high computational complexity. In this paper, we introduce a fast mode decision method for inter picture macroblocks to reduce the computational complexity. The proposed method significantly reduces the number of candidate modes for the RD optimization process by detecting spatially and temporally homogeneous regions and analyzing motion costs for inter modes and intra prediction costs for intra modes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method drastically reduces the encoding time and the number of the RD cost calculation process while maintaining the high coding efficiency.
Prediction of epitopes and production of monoclonal antibodies against gastric H,K-ATPase (1998)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against gastric H,K-ATPase using a theoretical and experimental strategy based on prediction of linear epitopes by molecular modelling followed by production of anti-peptide antibodies. By analysing the alpha subunit sequence, we predicted several epitopes corresponding to amino acids K519-L533, E543-Y553 and S786-L798 and produced monoclonal antibodies HK519, HK543 and HK786. All three react against gastric H,K-ATPase in RaLISA, immunohistochemistry and Western blots demonstrating that they recognize the native and the SDS-denatured ionic pump and that the epitopes are located at the surface of the native ATPase. Antibody Kd are in the range 6-10x10(-8) M. Monoclonal antibody HK519 is a competitive inhibitor of ATP, in agreement with ATP binding to K519. Neither mAb 543, nor mAb 786 inhibit the ATPase activity. Monoclonal antibody 95111, whose epitope is mapped between residues C529 and E561, competes with mAb HK543 but not with the other two. We suggest that the 95111 epitope is overlapping or very close to the HK543-553 sequence. Induction of E1 conformer by binding FITC to K519 increases the number of mAb 95111 and mAb HK543 epitopes but not that of mAb 786, supporting the fact that the fragment E543-Y553 changes accessibility, maybe during the E1-E2 transconformation.
Loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) protein in human prostate cancer correlates with tumor grade. (1997)

Loss of expression or mutational deletion of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) has recently been implicated in malignant development. In this study, we investigated the relationship between p27(Kip1) protein expression and tumor grade in human prostate cancer by conducting an immunohistochemical analysis in a series of normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and malignant prostate cancer specimens. The proliferative activity of prostatic tumors was determined on the basis of the Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining. A uniformly intense immunoreactivity for p27(Kip1) was localized to the nuclei of glandular epithelial cells of normal prostates. The benign glandular epithelia exhibited moderate immunostaining. In the malignant prostate tissue, however, a heterogeneous pattern of substantially reduced p27(Kip1) immunoreactivity was found among the glandular epithelial cells. The majority of primary prostate cancer specimens (68%) were totally negative for p27(Kip1) immunoreactivity, whereas the rest exhibited a significantly decreased p27(Kip1) expression, compared with the normal prostate (P < 0.01). Moreover, there was progressively diminished p27(Kip1) immunostaining with increased tumor grade. This loss of p27(Kip1) was associated with an increase in the proliferative index of prostatic tumors (r = 0.88). There was no significant relationship between p27(Kip) loss and the transforming growth factor beta receptor status of prostatic adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that frequent loss of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in human prostate cancer cells correlates with advancing histological aggressiveness, implicating deregulation of p27(Kip1) in prostate tumor progression.
Detection of 25,000 molecules of Substance P by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and investigations into the fundamental limits of detection in MALDI (2001)

Mass spectrometric analysis of peptides with a total sample loading of several tens of thousands of molecules (i.e., low zeptomoles) is demonstrated. At this low level of sample loading, it becomes important to consider several very unique technical and fundamental aspects that are not obvious in compatible experiments with a higher amount of sample loading. We demonstrate that prudent matrix preparation allows analysis of peptides from solutions with picomolar concentrations in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Using microspot MALDI we demonstrate the introduction and detection of 25,000 molecules of Substance P in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A method based on probability theory is presented to estimate the minimum number of ions required for generating a statistically significant isotope peak pattern of peptide ions. It is found that the low boundary of ionization efficiency is 1–2% for Substance P. In addition, comparison of macro- and microspot sample deposition techniques for Substance P shows that under the experimental conditions used, a minimum of ∼5 analyte molecules per μm2 are necessary to generate useful signals. Implications of these results on further mass spectrometric developments towards even more sensitive detection are discussed.
Handling of Unknown DNS Resource Record (RR) Types (2003)

Extending the Domain Name System (DNS) with new Resource Record (RR) types currently requires changes to name server software. This document specifies the changes necessary to allow future DNS implementations to handle new RR types transparently.
Enhanced defense against Pneumocystis carinii mediated by a novel dectin-1 receptor Fc fusion protein (2007)

In the right panel of Figure
Nanopore Sequencing: Electrical Measurements of the Code of Life (2010)

Sequencing a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using a nanopore is a revolutionary concept because it combines the potential for long read lengths (>5 kbp) with high speed (1 bp/10 ns), while obviating the need for costly amplification procedures due to the exquisite single molecule sensitivity. The prospects for implementing this concept seem bright. The cost savings from the removal of required reagents, coupled with the speed of nanopore sequencing places the $1000 genome within grasp. However, challenges remain: high fidelity reads demand stringent control over both the molecular configuration in the pore and the translocation kinetics. The molecular configuration determines how the ions passing through the pore come into contact with the nucleotides, while the translocation kinetics affect the time interval in which the same nucleotides are held in the constriction as the data is acquired. Proteins like α-hemolysin and its mutants offer exquisitely precise self-assembled nanopores and have demonstrated the facility for discriminating individual nucleotides, but it is currently difficult to design protein structure ab initio, which frustrates tailoring a pore for sequencing genomic DNA. Nanopores in solid-state membranes have been proposed as an alternative because of the flexibility in fabrication and ease of integration into a sequencing platform. Preliminary results have shown that with careful control of the dimensions of the pore and the shape of the electric field, control of DNA translocation through the pore is possible. Furthermore, discrimination between different base pairs of DNA may be feasible. Thus, a nanopore promises inexpensive, reliable, high-throughput sequencing, which could thrust genomic science into personal medicine.
Viable embryos and normal calves after nuclear transfer into Hoechst stained enucleated demi-oocytes of cows (1992)

Summary. Bovine oocytes were bisected, stained with Hoechst 33342 and observed under a fluorescent microscope to identify nucleated and enucleated demi-oocytes. Other oocytes were bisected but not stained, or bisected and only half of each oocyte stained, and viewed under a fluorescent microscope. The oocytes were then used for nuclear transfer by fusing them with embryonic blastomeres from a 5–6 day bovine embryo. The fusion rate and proportion developing into compact morulae or blastocysts was compared among different types of demi-oocytes. Expt 1 examined the effect of staining and indicated no effect on either fusion rate or embryonic development whether or not the oocytes were stained. In Expt 2, stained and unstained nucleated and enucleated oocytes were compared. As in the first experiment, there were no differences between stained and unstained demi-oocytes. There was no difference between fusion rates of nucleated and enucleated oocytes. However, there was a significant difference in embryonic development between nucleated (10·4%) and enucleated (22·6%) demi-oocytes (P &amp;lt; 0·05). In a final experiment, stained and unstained enucleated oocytes were used for nuclear transfer and the resulting embryos transferred into recipient cows. There was no difference in pregnancy rates or in the number of normal calves born whether stained or unstained recipient oocytes were used. Results from these experiments indicate that Hoechst staining and fluorescent microscopy can be used to identify enucleated demi-oocytes, and that these can be used for nuclear transfer, and result in viable embryos and normal calves. In these experiments, there was no difference between oocyte halves in their ability to develop normally following nuclear transfer whether or not they were stained with Hoechst 33342 and viewed with a fluorescent microscope. A greater number of viable embryos resulted after nuclear transfer when enucleated versus nucleated demi-oocytes were used as recipient ova. Keywords: nuclear transfer; cow; Hoechst stain; embryo cloning; embryo/oocyte; micromanipulation
Defining the Role of the MADS-Box Gene, Zea Agamous-like1, a Target of Selection During Maize Domestication (2017)

Genomic scans for genes that show the signature of past selection have been widely applied to a number of species and have identified a large number of selection candidate genes. In cultivated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) selection scans have identified several hundred candidate domestication genes by comparing nucleotide diversity and differentiation between maize and its progenitor, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis). One of these is a gene called zea agamous-like1 (zagl1), a MADS-box transcription factor, that is known for its function in the control of flowering time. To determine the trait(s) controlled by zagl1 that was (were) the target(s) of selection during maize domestication, we created a set of recombinant chromosome isogenic lines that differ for the maize versus teosinte alleles of zagl1 and which carry cross-overs between zagl1 and its neighbor genes. These lines were grown in a randomized trial and scored for flowering time and domestication related traits. The results indicated that the maize versus teosinte alleles of zagl1 affect flowering time as expected, as well as multiple traits related to ear size with the maize allele conferring larger ears with more kernels. Our results suggest that zagl1 may have been under selection during domestication to increase the size of the maize ear.
论资产阶级“全民福利”国家的虚伪实质 (1983)

在整个七十年代和八十年代初,资本主义社会的各种矛盾大大地加深了。在当前掀起的科技革命的条件下,生产力发展与垄断所有制的生产关系之间无法调和的矛盾,表现得特别尖锐。劳动人民(社会的基本生产力)需求的增长与受私人垄断占有制束缚的生产关系之间冲突的不断加深,形成了迫使资产阶级国家增加各种社会性需要的开支的条件。例如,从