gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclopolycondensation. XIII. New synthetic route to fully aromatic poly(heterocyclic imides) with alternating repeating units (1970)

Abstract Fully aromatic poly(heterocyclic imides) of high molecular weight were prepared by the cyclopolycondensation reactions of aromatic diamines with new monomer adducts prepared by condensing orthodisubstituted aromatic diamines with chloroformyl phthalic anhydrides. The low‐temperature solution polymerization techniques yielded tractable poly(amic acid), which was converted to poly(heterocyclic imides) by heat treatment to effect cyclodehydration at 250–400°C under reduced pressure. In this way, the polyaromatic imideheterocycles such as poly(benzoxazinone imides), poly(benzoxazole imides), poly(benzimidazole imides) and poly(benzothiazole imides) were prepared, which have excellent processability and thermal stability both in nitrogen and in air. The poly(amic acids) are soluble in such organic polar solvents as N , N ‐dimethyl‐acetamide, N ‐methylpyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and the films can be cast from the polymer solution of poly(amic acids) (η inh = 0.8–1.8). The film is made tough by being heated in nitrogen or under reduced pressure to effect cyclodehydration at 300–400°C. The polymerization was carried out by first isolating the monomer adducts, followed by polymerization with aromatic diamines. On subsequently being heated, the open‐chain precursor, poly(amic acid), undergoes cyclodehydration along the polymer chain, giving the thermally stable ordered copolymers of the corresponding heterocyclic imide structure.
Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma: Report of a Case Treated Successfully by Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (2008)

Herein, we report a rare case of mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma successfully treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). A 71-year-old female initially presented with general weakness and consciousness change. Biochemical examination revealed hypercalcemia and an elevated intact parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) level. 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy revealed an ectopic parathyroid gland in the anterior mediastinum. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a relatively well-defined soft tissue mass at the right anterior mediastinum, that was successfully treated with a videoassisted thoracoscopic surgerical approach. The postoperative course was uneventful, and her serum calcium and i-PTH levels returned to a normal range after operation. The pathologic report confirmed ectopic parathyroid adenoma. We report this case with a review of the literature.
Factor VIIa Residue Arg290 Is Required for Efficient Activation of the Macromolecular Substrate Factor X (1994)

The serine protease factor VIIa (VIIa) in complex with tissue factor is responsible for initiating proteolytic events in the coagulation pathways. Efficient proteolysis by the extrinsic activation complex appears to depend on structural determinants in the cofactor as well as the light and heavy chain domains of VIIa. This study characterizes the functional defect resulting from alanine replacement for R290 in the VIIa protease domain. VIIa R290-->A bound both full-length and soluble tissue factor with affinities indistinguishable from wild-type VIIa, consistent with overall unaltered folding of the mutant protein. The catalytic function of VIIa R290-->A was further demonstrated to be unperturbed when analyzed with three different peptidyl p-nitroanilide substrates, indicating that the function of the catalytic triad is not affected by the mutation. However, proteolytic activation of factor X was diminished due to a 4-5-fold decreased kcat in the presence and a > 10-fold decreased rate in the absence of a negatively charged phospholipid surface. The functional defect resulting from the R290-->A replacement was observed in the presence and absence of cofactor. Within the structural framework of serine protease domains, R290 is predicted to be localized in a surface-exposed loop suggested to contribute to substrate selectivity in other serine proteases, consistent with the proposed functional role of R290 in the proteolytic activation of the natural substrate factor X.
Structural model of human IL‐13 defines the spatial interactions with the IL‐13Rα/IL‐4Rα receptor (2001)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a key role in immune responses and inflammation. A structural model of human IL-13 (HuIL-13) based on the nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray structure of IL-4 is put forward. Unlike previous models, this model is based on new sequence alignments that take into account the formation of the two disulfide linkages that have been determined experimentally. The proposed structure of human IL-13 is similar to IL-4, consisting of a four helix bundle with hydrophobic residues lining the core of the molecule and surface polar residues showing a high degree of solvent accessibility. Regions of HuIL-13 that are critical for the interaction with its receptors are explored and discussed in relation to existing mutagenic studies. From these studies we predict that helices A and C of HuIL-13 interact with the IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha) region and helix D is responsible for the interaction with the IL-13 receptor alpha 1 (IL-13Ralpha1) receptor.
Activin Stimulates Spermatogonial Proliferation in Germ-Sertoli Cell Cocultures from Immature Rat Testis (1990)

Activin and inhibin are peptide hormones produced in the gonads which may act as autocrine and/or paracrine regulators of testicular function. Sertoli cells produce inhibin, and it has recently been shown that Leydig cells can produce activin in vitro. To further explore the local actions of activin and inhibin in the testis, Sertoli and germ cells were isolated from immature rats and cocultured in vitro. In these cultures we demonstrate that activin A and activin B, but not inhibin A, stimulated spermatogonial proliferation in vitro. Activin increased [3H]thymidine incorporation 2- to 4-fold in cocultures after 48-72 h of treatment. Using autoradiography, the label was localized in the clusters of spermatogonia adhering to the Sertoli cell monolayer. Additionally, activin stimulated a reaggregation of the cultures into tubule-like structures. Fluorescence-activated cytometry was used to analyze the cell population based on size, DNA content, and lipid content. Sertoli cells were identified using Nile Red staining of intracellular lipid droplets; spermatogonia are Nile Red-negative. Activin treatment caused a marked increase in the fraction of Nile Red-negative cells in the cocultures. Activin also caused an increase in the percentage of these cells having 4C DNA. Lastly, specific binding of activin A to 2C, but not 4C, germ cells was demonstrated. These data demonstrate that activin acts as a regulator of spermatogonial proliferation in the male.
High-Level-Language Compilation for Reconfigurable Computers. (2005)

The compiler COMRADE accepts full ANSI C and compiles it into hybrid hardware/software applications for execution on a reconfigurable adaptive computer system. After defining the model-of-computation underlying the flow, we describe the general compilation process as well as some specific techniques. These include path-based partitioning, module-generator based datapath and controller synthesis, as well as reconfiguration scheduling.
Organic Chemistry on Solid Supports (1996)

Abstract Until recently, repetitive solid‐phase synthesis procedures were used predominantly for the preparation of oligomers such as peptides, oligosaccharides, peptoids, oligocarbamates, peptide vinylogues, oligomers of pyrrolin‐4‐one, peptide phosphates, and peptide nucleic acids. However, the oligomers thus produced have a limited range of possible backbone structures due to the restricted number of building blocks and synthetic techniques available. Biologically active compounds of this type are generally not suitable as therapeutic agents but can serve as lead structures for optimization. “Combinatorial organic synthesis” has been developed with the aim of obtaining low molecular weight compounds by pathways other than those of oligomer synthesis. This concept was first described in 1971 by Ugi. [56f,g,59c] Combinatorial synthesis offers new strategies for preparing diverse molecules, which can then be screened to provide lead structures. Combinatorial chemistry is compatible with both solution‐phase and solid‐phase synthesis. Moreover, this approach is conducive to automation, as proven by recent successes in the synthesis of peptide libraries. These developments have led to a renaissance in solid‐phase organic synthesis (SPOS), which has been in use since the 1970s. Fully automated combinatorial chemistry relies not only on the testing and optimization of known chemical reactions on solid supports, but also on the development of highly efficient techniques for simultaneous multiple syntheses. Almost all of the standard reactions in organic chemistry can be carried out using suitable supports, anchors, and protecting groups with all the advantages of solid‐phase synthesis, which until now have been exploited only sporadically by synthetic organic chemists. Among the reported organic reactions developed on solid supports are Diels–Alder reactions, 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions, Wittig and Wittig–Horner reactions, Michael additions, oxidations, reductions, and Pd‐catalyzed CC bond formation. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the previously published solid‐phase syntheses of nonpeptidic organic compounds.
High-quality speech coding at 2.4 to 4.0 kbit/s based on time-frequency interpolation (1993)

The author presents a novel algorithm for high-quality coding and demonstrates the advantage of the proposed coder over the conventional CELP (code-excited linear prediction) algorithm for low rate coding. He proposes an empirical but perceptually advantageous framework for voice speech processing, called time-frequency interpolation (TFI). The general formulation of the TFI technique is given and then a TFI speech coder is described. The performance of this coder at 4.05 and 2.5 kbit/s is demonstrated in terms of formal MOS (mean opinion score) scores. It is shown that the 4.05 kbit/s TFI coder is comparable in performance with the 8 kbit/s European standard GSM (Group Special Mobile) coder. It is also shown that reducing the bit rate to 2.50 kbit/s only gracefully degrades the performance and the coder delivers good-quality speech at this rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hydrogen Bond Donor Properties of the Difluoromethyl Group (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen Bond Donor Properties of the Difluoromethyl GroupJon A. Erickson and Jim I. McLoughlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1626–1631Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3508Altmetric-Citations506LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modification of Liposomes by Addition of HCO60. I. Targeting of Liposomes to Liver by Addition of HCO60 to Liposomes. (1993)

The influence of HCO60 on the blood clearance and tissue distribution of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, encapsulating alpha-tocopherol as a marker, was studied in rats. The liposomes were prepared by the hydration method from a lipid film containing different amounts of HCO60, and by extrusion through a 0.1 micron polycarbonate membrane filter. The blood clearance and liver uptake of alpha-tocopherol after i.v. administration increased with increasing the amount of HCO60 the liposome contained. With 80 wt% HCO60 liposomes, the accumulation of alpha-tocopherol in the liver was approximately three-fold that of the 100% PC liposomes. The uptake by lungs, spleen and kidneys did not change with the addition of HCO60. The findings obtained in a gel-filtration study suggested that alpha-tocopherol is not removed from the liposomes, with or without HCO60, by rat plasma proteins and the HCO60 micelle may form a complex with rat plasma proteins. Our findings suggest that liposomes containing large amounts of HCO60 (more than 60 wt%) will be useful for delivering drug to the liver.
Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET identifies high-risk myeloma. (2002)

Whole-body (18)F-FDG PET provides important prognostic information, which is clinically useful and complementary to conventional methods of evaluating plasma cell disorders. (18)F-FDG PET is a unique tool for evaluation of nonsecretory myeloma. Residual or recurrent disease after therapy, especially extramedullary disease, is a poor prognostic factor.
Void formation and surface energies in Cu(InGa)Se2 (2006)

The spontaneous formation of voids has been observed in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films deposited by multistage evaporation processes but was not found commonly in single-stage evaporated material. These voids may be isolated in the grains or may occur at the grain boundaries. The voids exhibit strongly faceted geometries with interior surfaces being close-packed {112} planes of the chalcopyrite structure. A model based on the Kirkendal effect [Trans. AIME 171, 130 (1947)] and the interdiffusion and phase reaction in the bilayer process is proposed to explain the observation. The void shape is analyzed and an approximate Wulff construction [Z. Kristallogr. Mineral. 34, 449 (1901)] is used to estimate the relative surface energies of the predominant facets. Certain dislocation cores are also found to be unstable and convert to nanovoids in the presence of sufficient atomic vacancies moving in the lattice.
Immunogenic and isotype‐specific responses to russian and US cold‐adapted influenza a vaccine donor strains A/Leningrad/134/17/57, A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) in mice (2001)

The immunogenicity of the Russian cold-adapted (ca) donor stains, A/Leningrad (Len)/134/17/57 and A/Leningrad/134/47/57, and the US strain A/Ann Arbor (AA)/6/60-ca, were compared in BALB/c mice with their respective wild-type parental viruses. Each ca donor strain was less immunogenic than its wild-type parent. The vaccinating dose, when administered twice, which prevented multiplication of a standard challenge of parental wild-type virus in 50% of mice (the 50% protective dose or PD(50)), was shown for A/Len/134/17/57-ca, A/Len/134/47/57-ca, and A/AA/6/60-ca to be 10(3.77), 10(4.32), and 10(4.70), respectively. These findings were extended by measuring the number of antibody secreting cells induced in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of mice infected with the same ca donors using an ELISPOT assay. When each donor strain was administered twice at a dose of 100 PD(50) over a 3-week interval, the overall immunoglobulin isotype antibody secreting cell profiles were shown to be similar. However, A/Len/134/17/57-ca and A/Len/134/47/57-ca induced significantly higher total immunoglobulin responses in the lungs than A/AA/6/60-ca (P < 0.05). A/Len/134/17/57-ca also induced a significantly greater IgA response in the lungs than A/AA/6/60-ca (P < 0.05). These results suggest that A/Len/134/17/57-ca is a superior immunogen to A/Len/134/47/57-ca which in turn is more immunogenic than A/AA/6/60-ca.
A phase 1 study of IPI-504 (retaspimycin hydrochloride) in patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (2011)

Abstract A phase 1 study of IPI-504 (retaspimycin hydrochloride) administered intravenously twice weekly for 2 weeks at 22.5, 45, 90, 150, 225, 300 or 400 mg/m(2) followed by 10 days off-treatment was conducted to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IPI-504 in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Anti-tumor activity and pharmacokinetics were also evaluated. Eighteen patients (mean age 60.5 years; median 9 prior therapies) were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported for IPI-504 doses up to 400 mg/m(2). The most common treatment-related adverse event was grade 1 infusion site pain (four patients). All other treatment-related events were assessed as grade 1 or 2 in severity. The area under the curve (AUC) increased with increasing dose, and the mean half-life was approximately 2-4 h for IPI-504 and its metabolites. Four patients had stable disease, demonstrating modest single-agent activity in relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM.
Characterization of the human transferrin receptor produced in a baculovirus expression system. (1988)

Recombinant human transferrin receptor has been produced in a baculovirus expression system. Magnetic particles coated with an anti-transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody were used to immunoselect virus-infected Sf9 insect cells expressing the human transferrin receptor on their cell surface. Recombinant virus containing the human transferrin receptor cDNA was then plaque-purified from these cells. Biosynthetic labeling studies of infected cells showed that the human transferrin receptor is one of the major proteins made 2-3 days postinfection. The recombinant receptor made in insect cells is glycosylated and is also posttranslationally modified by the addition of a fatty acid moiety. However, studies with tunicamycin and endoglycosidases H and F showed that the oligosaccharides displayed on the recombinant receptor differ from those found on the naturally occurring receptor in human cells. As a consequence, the human receptor produced in the baculovirus system has an Mr of 82,000 and is smaller in size than the authentic receptor. About 30% of human transferrin receptors made in insect cells do not form intermolecular disulfide bonds, but are recognized by the anti-transferrin receptor antibody, B3/25, and bind specifically to a human transferrin-Sepharose column. Binding studies using 125I-labeled human transferrin showed that insect cells infected with the recombinant virus expressed an average of 5.8 +/- 0.9 X 10(5) transferrin receptors (Kd = 63 +/- 9 nM) on their cell surface. Thus, the human transferrin receptor produced in insect cells is biologically active and appears suitable for structural and functional studies.
Expression of the Receptor for Urokinasetype Plasminogen Activator in Normal and Neoplastic Blood Cells and Hematopoietic Tissue (1994)

Expression of the receptor for the urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPAR) has been studied by flow cytometry and immunohistology in normal blood and bone marrow cells, in vitro activated lymphoid cells, and tissue samples from reactive lymph nodes (n = 6), thymus (n = 2) and malignant lymphomas (n = 82), or leukemias (n = 32). HL-60 myeloid precursor cells and CD34-positive normal stem cells also were analyzed. In the normal cells, staining was confined to monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid precursors. No labelling was seen of normal or activated lymphoid cells. Purified CD34-positive hematopoietic progenitors were uPAR negative, but expressed uPAR during differentiation in short-term liquid culture stimulated in vitro by recombinant interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF), granulocyte-CSF, and stem cell factor. Enhanced uPAR expression was also seen in HL-60 cells after induction of differentiation with dimethyl sulfoxide or 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In lymphomas and leukemias, the staining pattern was similar to that seen in the normal cells with labelling of monocytic and myeloid that seen in the normal cells with labelling of monocytic and myeloid malignancies, but not of the neoplastic cells in B-cell or T-cell lymphomas or Hodgkin's disease. In conclusion, uPAR is a differentiation marker for myeloid and monocytic cells, and may act to facilitate migration of these cells in normal and pathologic conditions by cell-associated plasminogen activation. Whether expression of uPAR in myeloid and monocytic malignancies relates to their growth and behavior will be an important topic for investigations in the future.
Active badges and personal interactive computing objects (1992)

The authors describe a family of personal active badges developed for location of people and devices in the computer environment. Applications include location and paging of individuals as well as control of computer systems. Active badges are one type of a range of portable computers connected to cordless communication systems that can now be made. Because of their small size and application such devices are referred to as personal interactive computing objects. A speculative discussion of how such devices may be used in the traditional computing environment is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>