gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated immunochemistry. (1990)

A prototype immunostainer, featuring totally enclosed slide chambers, a reagent carousel and a microcomputer controlled fluid transfer system, was developed. The machine offers total flexibility in choice of primary and detection reagents for each slide and has been successfully used for the immunochemical demonstration of a variety of antigens in paraffin wax and blood smear preparations. It is considerably cheaper to use than manual immunochemistry and will be even cheaper in a production version currently under development.
A New Bioactive Steroidal Saponin from Agave attenuata (2002)

A new steroidal saponin was isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata Salm-Dyck. Its structure was established as (3beta,5beta,22alpha,25S)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurostan-3-yl O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The structural identification was performed using detailed analyses of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (COSY, HETCOR and COLOC) and chemical conversions. The haemolytic potential of the steroidal saponin was evaluated and the anti-inflammatory activity was performed using the capillary permeability assay.
Regulation of B cell growth and differentiation via CD21 and CD40 (1996)

Stimulation in vitro of murine splenic B cells by lipopolysaccharide, anti-kappa Sepharose, anti-CD40 or allo-reactive T helper cells all up-regulated CD21 and CD23 surface expression. Neither anti-CD21 nor anti-CD23 antibodies induced B cell growth or differentiation when added in soluble form or coupled to Sepharose. However, anti-CD40-stimulated B cells showed increased proliferation in the presence of anti-CD21 antibodies coupled to Sepharose; co-stimulation via CD21 also induced differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion in a fraction of anti-CD40-stimulated B cells. Furthermore, anti-CD40 antibodies inhibited differentiation to immunoglobulin secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide and, hence, appears to be a dominant negative signal for B cell differentiation.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Adult Military Beneficiary Population Lacking Risk Factors: Susceptibility to Orally Available Agents (2003)

To determine the unique susceptibility of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a function of the presence or absence of risk factors in a military beneficiary population, we reviewed all MRSA cases between 1994 and 1997 in a military medical center. Of 67 cases, 24 were community acquired, 9 of whom lacked risk factors for MRSA infection, and 43 cases were nosocomial. Among isolates from patients without risk factors, seven (77.8%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, eight (88.9%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, eight (88.9%) to erythromycin, eight (88.9%) to tetracycline, and nine (100.0%) to clindamycin. These rates were markedly higher than those seen in isolates obtained from community-acquired cases with risk factors as well as from nosocomial cases (p < 0.01). Three clonal types of MRSA from patients without risk factors were identified and susceptibilities were similar for each of the three types. These results indicate that therapy with active oral agents might be reasonable for some less severe MRSA infections in our active duty military patients without risk factors, and additional studies are merited.
Genomic organization and structure of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase: localization of mutations associated with varied clinical presentations and course in X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia. (1994)

X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia is a life-threatening disease that involves a failure in normal development of B lymphocytes and is associated with missense mutations in BTK, a gene encoding a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase, EC 2.7.1.112), a member of the Tec family of protein-tyrosine kinases. The genomic organization has been determined by using conventional restriction fragment mapping, extended DNA sequencing, and PCR fragment-sizing approaches. The DNA sequences of the 18 coding exons composing BTK and their flanking-region sequences are reported; an additional exon(s) encodes a 5' untranslated segment. Single-base-pair substitutions and 4-nt deletions resulted in amino acid replacement, premature termination, frameshift, and exon deletion in a group of X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia patients exhibiting different clinical presentations and courses. The nature of the mutations is interpreted in terms of the genomic organization of the BTK gene and the disease course in individual patients. Several examples are found in which the same mutation occurs in unrelated patients, and one of these mutations occurs at the same codon that is substituted in the murine form of BTK, resulting in X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency disease. Considerable variation in presentation and disease course in X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia appears associated with the nature and position of different missense mutations.
Psoriasis (chronic plaque). (2009)

In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: acupuncture, adding calcipotriol (topical) to psoralen plus ultraviolet light A or ultraviolet light B, adding oral retinoids to psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA), alefacept, balneotherapy, ciclosporin, dithranol, T cell-targeted therapies, cytokine blocking agents, emollients (alone or plus ultraviolet light B), etanercept, fish oil supplementation, fumaric acid derivatives, Goeckerman treatment, heliotherapy, infliximab, Ingram regimen, keratolytics (salicylic acid, urea), leflunomide, methotrexate, oral pimecrolimus, phototherapy plus balneotherapy, psoralen plus ultraviolet A, psychotherapy, oral retinoids (alone or with ultraviolet light B), systemic drug treatments plus topical vitamin D derivatives, tars, tazarotene, topical corticosteroids (alone or plus oral retinoids), topical Vitamin D derivatives, ultraviolet light A, and ultraviolet light B.
Cloning and expression of the carboxypeptidase gene from Aspergillus saitoi and determination of the catalytic residues by site-directed mutagenesis (1995)

Carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus saitoi removes acidic, neutral and basic amino acids as well as proline from the C-terminal position at pH 2-5. cpdS, a cDNA encoding A. saitoi carboxypeptidase, was cloned and expressed. Analysis of the 1816-nucleotide sequence revealed a single open reading frame coding for 523 amino acids. When A. saitoi carboxypeptidase cDNA was expressed in yeast cells, carboxypeptidase activity was detected in the cell extract and was immunostained with a 72 kDa protein with polyclonal anti-(A. saitoi carboxypeptidase) serum. The recombinant enzyme treated with glycopeptidase F migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa on SDS/PAGE, which was the same as that of the de-N-glycosylated carboxypeptidase from A. saitoi. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cpdS indicated that Ser-153, Asp-357 and His-436 residues were essential for the enzymic catalysis. It can be concluded that A. saitoi carboxypeptidase has a catalytic triad comprising Asp-His-Ser and is a member of serine carboxypeptidase family (EC 3.4.16.1).
Direct observation of micron-sized silica rattles to demonstrate movability of inner spheres in the silica compartment suspended in aqueous media (2012)

Micron-sized silica rattle particles were directly observed in aqueous media with an optical microscope to demonstrate the movability of inner silica spheres within the compartment of the silica shell. The rattle particles were prepared by a combined method of fabricating multilayered particles (silica sphere/polystyrene (PSt) inner shell/silica outer shell) and removing the polymer component in the multilayered particles. The polymer component of PSt was removed by heating the multilayered particles at 500 °C for 4 h, which resulted in a successful preparation of silica rattle particles without any residual polymer component. The silica rattle particles in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone used as a viscosity enhancer were observed with the optical microscope under an alternating electric field, revealing that less than 10% of inner spheres in the pearl chain of rattle particles could be randomly moved in the compartment of the silica shell. For increasing the percentage of inner spheres randomly moving, the silica rattle particles were slightly etched with a diluted NaOH solution to detach the inner spheres from the inside wall of the silica shell. The slight etching of the silica component led to the observation of approximately 75% inner spheres randomly moving under the applied electric field. This is the first direct observation to show that the single spheres incorporated in the shell compartment are capable to freely move without sticking to the inside wall of the shell.
Diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of 7-dehydrocholesterol in plasma, amniotic fluid and cultured skin fibroblasts (1995)

A method is described for quantification of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) and other neutral sterols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, an apparent primary defect of cholesterol biosynthesis associated with low plasma levels of cholesterol and high levels of its precursor, 7DHC. Results are summarized for specimens from normal controls and from 40 patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Whereas the concentration of 7DHC (as a combined peak of 7DHC and iso-7DHC) in normal infant plasma was found to be 0.10 +/- 0.05 (S.D.) microgram/ml, the level in patients with SLOS ranged from 2.7 to 470 micrograms/ml, or from 10 to more than 2000 times the upper limit of normal. Patients with milder type I SLOS as well as those with the more severe type II SLOS were found to have the same sterol abnormality. Although most infants with SLOS had plasma cholesterol levels lower than 400 micrograms/ml (40 mg/dl), several older children with only mildly increased levels of 7DHC had normal plasma cholesterol levels. Diagnostically useful, comparably increased levels of 7DHC were found in amniotic fluid and cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with SLOS. More mildly increased levels of 7DHC were also found in both plasma and cultured skin fibroblasts of SLOS heterozygotes. The method described uses capillary columns and GC/MS instrumentation available in most biochemical genetics laboratories and should prove useful not only for diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, but also for identification of other possible inborn errors of sterol biosynthesis.
Low phase noise array-composite micromechanical wine-glass disk oscillator (2006)

A reduction in phase noise by 13 dB has been obtained over a previous 60-MHz surface-micromachined micromechanical resonator oscillator by replacing the single resonator normally used in such oscillators with a mechanically-coupled array of them to effectively raise the power handling ability of the frequency selective tank. Specifically, a mechanically-coupled array of nine 60-MHz wine-glass disk resonators embedded in a positive feedback loop with a custom-designed, single-stage, zero-phase-shift sustaining amplifier achieves a phase noise of -123 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and -136 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offsets. When divided down to 10 MHz, this effectively corresponds to -138 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and -151 dBc/Hz at far from carrier offset, which represent 13 dB and 4 dB improvements over recently published work on surface-micromachined resonator oscillators, and also now beat stringent GSM phase noise requirements by 8 dB and 1 dB, respectively.
Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2002)

Tranexamic acid pharmacokinetics are influenced by CPB. Our TA pharmacokinetic model does not provide support for the wide range of TA dosing techniques that have been reported. Variation in TA efficacy from study to study and confusion about the optimal duration of TA treatment may be the result of dosing techniques that do not maintain stable, therapeutic TA concentrations.
THE MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY: RATIONALE, ORGANIZATION, AND SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTICIPANTS (1987)

The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study was designed to elucidate the natural history of the infection causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), identify risk factors for occurrence and clinical expression of the infection, and establish a repository of biologic specimens for future study. A variety of recruitment techniques, including special assurance of confidentiality, were used to enroll participants. Nearly 5,000 homosexual men volunteered for semiannual interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing in four metropolitan areas. A significant majority of these men in each center (69-83%) reported having 50 or more lifetime sexual partners, and over 80% had engaged in receptive anal intercourse with at least some of their partners in the previous two years. By the time of the participants' initial evaluation (April 1984-April 1985), infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had occurred in higher proportions of men in Los Angeles (51%) and Chicago (43%) than in Baltimore/Washington, DC (31%) and Pittsburgh (21%), presumably as a result of the higher number of partners and proportion with whom these men had engaged in high-risk practices (e.g., receptive anal intercourse). Follow-up evaluations are underway in this comprehensive longitudinal investigation of HIV infection.
On compression using the distributed Karhunen-Loeve transform (2004)

In this paper, we discuss a framework for the distributed compression of vector sources, based on our previous work on distributed transform coding (2002, 2003). In particular, our goal is to develop a strategy of first applying a suitable distributed Karhunen-Loeve transform, whereafter each component can be handled by standard distributed compression techniques. In the present paper, we first study the scenario where all but one terminal furnish a noisy approximation of their observation. For the case where the underlying vector is Gaussian, and the added noise is also Gaussian, we establish that indeed it is optimal for the last terminal to apply a (local) transform to its observations, and to separately compress each component in the transform domain. Then, we outline how this leads to a general simple distributed compression strategy for Gaussian vector sources: each terminal applies a suitable local transform to its observations, and encodes the resulting components separately in a Wyner-Ziv fashion, i.e., treating the compressed descriptions of all other terminals as side information available to the decoder. This achieves the best known performance. The optimum performance in unknown to date.
Polarized light scattering spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of epithelial cellular structures in situ (1999)

We report an in situ method of probing the structure of living epithelial cells, based on light scattering spectroscopy with polarized light. The method makes it possible to distinguish between single backscattering from uppermost epithelial cells and multiply scattered light. The spectrum of the single backscattering component can be further analyzed to provide histological information about the epithelial cells such as the size distribution of the cell nuclei and their refractive index. These are valuable quantities' to detect and diagnose precancerous changes in human tissues.
Principles and Recent Developments in Chelation Treatment of Metal Intoxication (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrinciples and Recent Developments in Chelation Treatment of Metal IntoxicationOle AndersenView Author Information Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Roskilde University, Postbox 260 4000, Roskilde, Denmark Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2683–2710Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1999Publication History Received19 May 1999Revised19 July 1999Published online20 August 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980453ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980453aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2754Altmetric-Citations294LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anatomy,Chelation,Mechanisms of action,Mercury,Metals Get e-Alerts
Discrimination of Non-Protein-Coding Transcripts from Protein-Coding mRNA (2006)

Several recent studies indicate that mammals and other organisms produce large numbers of RNA transcripts that do not correspond to known genes. It has been suggested that these transcripts do not encode proteins, but may instead function as RNAs. However, discrimination of coding and non-coding transcripts is not straightforward, and different laboratories have used different methods, whose ability to perform this discrimination is unclear. In this study, we examine ten bioinformatic methods that assess protein-coding potential and compare their ability and congruency in the discrimination of non-coding from coding sequences, based on four underlying principles: open reading frame size, sequence similarity to known proteins or protein domains, statistical models of protein-coding sequence, and synonymous versus non-synonymous substitution rates. Despite these different approaches, the methods show broad concordance, suggesting that coding and non-coding transcripts can, in general, be reliably discriminated, and that many of the recently discovered extra-genic transcripts are indeed non-coding. Comparison of the methods indicates reasons for unreliable predictions, and approaches to increase confidence further. Conversely and surprisingly, our analyses also provide evidence that as much as approximately 10% of entries in the manually curated protein database Swiss-Prot are erroneous translations of actually non-coding transcripts.
The Extravesicular Domain of Synaptotagmin-1 Is Released with the Latent Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Homodimer in Response to Heat Shock (1998)

The heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor (FGF) prototypes lack a classical signal sequence, yet their presence is required in the extracellular compartment for the activation of cell-surface receptor-dependent signaling. Early studies with FGF-1 demonstrated its presence in bovine brain as a novel high molecular weight complex, and subsequent studies identified a second heparin-binding protein that co-purified with FGF-1. Polypeptide sequence analysis revealed that this heparin-binding protein corresponded to the extravesicular domain of bovine synaptotagmin (Syn)-1, a transmembrane component of synaptic vesicles involved in the regulation of organelle traffic. Since FGF-1 is released in response to heat shock as a mitogenically inactive Cys-30 homodimer, we sought to determine whether this heparin-binding protein was involved in the release of FGF-1. We report that a proteolytic fragment of the extravesicular domain of Syn-1 is associated with FGF-1 in the extracellular compartment of FGF-1-transfected NIH 3T3 cells following temperature stress. By using heparin-Sepharose affinity to discriminate between the monomer and homodimer forms of FGF-1 and resolution by conventional and limited denaturant gel shift immunoblot analysis, it was possible to identify FGF-1 and Syn-1 as potential components of a denaturant- and reducing agent-sensitive extracellular complex. It was also possible to demonstrate that the expression of an antisense-Syn-1 gene represses the release of FGF-1 in response to heat shock. These data indicate that FGF-1 may be able to utilize the cytosolic face of conventional exocytotic vesicles to traffic to the inner surface of the plasma membrane where it may gain access to the extracellular compartment as a complex with Syn-1.
Transistors and tunnel diodes for analog/mixed-signal circuits and embedded memory (2002)

An integrated tunnel diode/transistor process can be used to increase the speed of signal processing circuitry or reduce power at the same speed; in memory applications, tunnel diodes can be used to reduce static power dissipation (>20X in Si, >1000X in III-V materials) relative to conventional approaches. This paper summarizes recent progress in InP and Si-based tunnel diodes and circuits.
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (2015)

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance Reynoutria sachalinensis extract, and the considerations as regards the application to include Reynoutria sachalinensis extract in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of Reynoutria sachalinensis extract as a plant elicitor on grapes, wheat, tomato and strawberry. The reliable endpoints, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
Coordinated Scheduling of Residential Distributed Energy Resources to Optimize Smart Home Energy Services (2010)

We describe algorithmic enhancements to a decision-support tool that residential consumers can utilize to optimize their acquisition of electrical energy services. The decision-support tool optimizes energy services provision by enabling end users to first assign values to desired energy services, and then scheduling their available distributed energy resources (DER) to maximize net benefits. We chose particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the corresponding optimization problem because of its straightforward implementation and demonstrated ability to generate near-optimal schedules within manageable computation times. We improve the basic formulation of cooperative PSO by introducing stochastic repulsion among the particles. The improved DER schedules are then used to investigate the potential consumer value added by coordinated DER scheduling. This is computed by comparing the end-user costs obtained with the enhanced algorithm simultaneously scheduling all DER, against the costs when each DER schedule is solved separately. This comparison enables the end users to determine whether their mix of energy service needs, available DER and electricity tariff arrangements might warrant solving the more complex coordinated scheduling problem, or instead, decomposing the problem into multiple simpler optimizations.