gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of InGaAsP multiple quantum-well Fabry-Perot modulators for soliton control (1999)

The use of synchronous optical modulators is effective in reducing the pulse timing jitter in long-distance soliton transmission. The inherently polarization-insensitive characteristics of the Fabry-Perot multiple quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator make it a potentially suitable device for this application. We investigate the intensity and phase modulation characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulators, and show that, by positioning the resonant wavelength <30 nm away from the exciton absorption peak to obtain negative chirp operation, both configurations can be used to successfully reduce timing jitter in a 20 Gb/s soliton system.
Properties of appropriately and inappropriately expressed sodium channels in squid giant axon and its somata (1989)

Neurons that form the giant axons in squid by axonal fusion in the stellate ganglion are inexcitable and do not express functional voltage-controlled sodium (Na) channels in their somata in vivo. These cells do express Na channels in the soma membrane in vitro, however, provided they have been axotomized. We describe here voltage-clamp experiments on the isolated cell bodies maintained in primary culture and on acutely isolated giant axons designed to compare the functional properties of the Na channels expressed inappropriately in the soma with those of channels expressed normally in the axon. Approximately 85% of Na channels in the soma are essentially indistinguishable from those in the giant axon with regard to gating properties and sensitivity to tetrodotoxin or saxitoxin. Thus, the isolated soma is capable of processing Na channels to a state of apparent functional perfection. In addition to these normal Na channels, another type is regularly expressed in the cultured somata. This second type lacks inactivation and is preferentially sensitive to block by cadmium ions, but is otherwise indistinguishable from the more prevalent normal type of channels.
Time Course of Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (2000)

In order to forecast the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (MI), the time course of the functional changes of the left ventricular myocardium that result in remodeling was evaluated with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The study group comprised 45 patients with anterior MI treated with successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. 2DE studies were performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 14; months 1 and 3 and 1 year after MI, and the following parameters were recorded: (1) infarcted wall thickness, (2) traced length of the endocardium and of the epicardium on end-diastolic apical long axis images, and (3) wall motion score (total of asynergy scores of 16 segments of left ventricle (LV); normal: 0, hypokinesis: 1, akinesis: 2, dyskinesis: 3). According to the peak creatine kinase (CK) level, patients were classified into L group (CK > or =8000 U/L, n=16), M group (8000> CK > or =4000, n=13) and S group (CK <4000, n=16). The following results were obtained. (1) There was progressive thinning of the infarcted myocardium up to 1 month after (1 day: 9.3+/-1.7, 14 days: 6.3+/-1.7 vs 1 month: 5.9+/-1.8 mm, p<0.05; vs 1 year: 5.9+/-1.9 mm, NS). (2) Dilatation of the LV cavity occurred shortly after MI and continued up to 14 days (endocardium at 14 days: 176.8+/-13.6 vs 1 day: 164.1+/-11.4 mm, p<0.01; vs 1 year: 176.3+/-12.7 mm, NS). (3) The wall motion score improved rapidly by 14 days, and continued to improve gradually to 1 year (1 day: 12.2+/-3.4, 14 days: 6.8+/-4.0, 1 year: 4.6+/-3.1). (4) The expansion ratio (endocardial length at 14 days/1 day) was significantly greater in the L group than in the S group (p<0.05). Comparing the groups, the LV cavity of the L group remained dilated up to 14 days, whereas that of the S and M groups was dilated up to 7 days (L group 14 days: 179.3+/-11.9 vs 1 day: 156.9+/-9.2mm, p<0.01; vs 1 year: 180.0+/-14.1 mm, NS) (S group 7 days: 171.7+/-13.6 vs 1 day: 161.5+/-7.2 mm, p<0.01; vs 1 year: 172.7+/-14.4 mm, NS) (M group 7 days: 170.5+/-10.5 vs 1 day: 157.7+/-14.5 mm, p<0.05; vs 1 year: 177.08+/-9.6 mm, NS). Serial 2DE on days 1 and 14 after MI were useful for evaluating the course of LV remodeling and to forecast cardiac function in the chronic phase of MI. Determining the length of hospital stay on the basis of infarction size is justified.
Structure−Activity Relationships of N 2-Aryl-3-(isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamides as Selective Endothelin Receptor-A Antagonists (1997)

We report here that N2-aryl-3-(isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamides are potent and selective small molecule ETA receptor antagonists. The aryl group was subjected to extensive structural modification. With monosubstitution, the para position was most useful in increasing potency, with methyl being preferred. With disubstitution, 2,4-disubstitution further enhanced activity with methyl or cyano groups being preferred at the 2-position. In this series, a benzo-[d][1,3]dioxole group is equivalent to a 4-methyl group in in vitro activity and afforded the compounds with both in vivo activity and moderate half-lives.
Altered Metabolism of Mast-Cell Growth Factor (c-kit Ligand) in Cutaneous Mastocytosis (1993)

The altered distribution of mast-cell growth factor in the skin of patients with cutaneous mastocytosis is consistent with abnormal production of the soluble form of this factor. This abnormality is probably due to increased proteolytic processing, since it was not explained by differences in the splicing or sequence of mast-cell growth factor mRNA in the patients. Soluble mast-cell growth factor may cause the characteristic accumulation of mast cells and the hyperpigmentation of skin found in cutaneous mastocytosis. These findings suggest that some forms of mastocytosis represent reactive hyperplasia rather than mast-cell neoplasia.
Modulation by recombinant DNA leukocyte (alpha) and fibroblast (beta) interferons of the expression and shedding of HLA- and tumor-associated antigens by human melanoma cells. (1984)

With a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the effect of recombinant human leukocyte interferons (i.e., IFN-alpha A, IFN-alpha D), of a hybrid leukocyte IFN (i.e., IFN-alpha A/D (Bg1)), and of recombinant fibroblast (beta) IFN on the expression and shedding of four types of melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) and of HLA antigens by the cultured melanoma cell line Colo 38 was investigated. None of the IFN affected the expression of the high m.w. melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), but all of them increased its shedding. The expression and shedding of the 115,000 MAA and of the 100,000 MAA were increased by IFN; the magnitude of the effect as well as the kinetics were different for the various IFN preparations. The cytoplasmic MAA was the most sensitive to modulation by IFN, because all four types increased its surface expression, its total content, and its shedding. The three types of leukocyte IFN, as well as the fibroblast IFN, were all effective in increasing the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens, the effect being more marked on the free heavy chain than on the HLA-A,B,C complex. However, only leukocyte IFN enhanced the shedding of the HLA-A,B,C molecular complex. The three types of leukocyte IFN and especially fibroblast IFN enhanced the expression of the gene products of the HLA-D region, the effect being more marked on DC-1 antigens than on HLA-DR antigens. No effect on the shedding of HLA-DR and DC-1 antigens was detected.
THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE HEPATITIS B VIRUSES (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Option-Implied Risk-Neutral Distributions and Implied Binomial Trees (1999)

Solving backward through an option pricing model to find the “implied volatility” (IV) that makes the model value equal the market price is a technique nearly as old as the Black-Scholes model itself. In fact, calculating the implied volatility yields the entire implied risk-neutral returns distribution: It is lognormal with mean equal to the riskless interest rate and constant volatility equal to IV. But research across many different options markets has shown clearly that neither implied nor empirical volatility is constant, and returns distributions appear to be far from lognormal. This has led to new theoretical pricing models that can incorporate non-constant volatility and more general returns distributions. It has also led to techniques for obtaining the entire risk-neutral returns distribution implied in a full set of market prices for options with different strikes and maturities. One of the most general and flexible approaches, first suggested by Rubinstein, is to construct an implied binomial tree.This article leads off our Symposium on the topic of implied distributions. In it, Jackwerth presents a comprehensive review of the literature on option-implied risk neutral distributions and implied valuation trees.
Conditional Male Fertility in Chalcone Synthase-Deficient Petunia (1992)

Transgenic petunia plants with suppressed chalcone synthase gene expression produce abnormal anthers devoid of flavonoid pigments. Although viable pollen is produced, pollen germination and tube growth are severely reduced both in vivo and in vitro. This results in plants that are self-sterile. Pollen from the transgenic plants is partially rescued by inbred V26 stigmas, resulting in seed set that is approximately 30% of normal. Female fertility in the transgenic petunia is unaffected by the lack of flavonoids. We propose the term conditional male fertility (CMF) to describe the state in which viable but flavonoid-deficient pollen does not function in self-crosses and is partially functional on wild-type stigmas. Although this condition has attributes of both male sterility and self-incompatibility, it is clearly different. This observation in petunia has similarities to the earlier report of Coe et al. (1981) that most pollinations made with chalcone synthase (CHS)-deficient maize pollen were unsuccessful. The possibility that normal development of the male gametophyte requires flavonoid synthesis in many or all higher plants is discussed. The dominant CHS deficiency and male sterility in petunia, taken together with the recessive CHS deficiency and male sterility in maize, suggest that flavonoid synthesis in the sporophyte rather than the gametophyte is required for fertility.
Role of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Mediated Immune Selection in a Dominant Human Leukocyte Antigen-B8-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope in Nef (2008)

Our data demonstrate a strong CTL selection pressure on the immunodominant HLA-B8-restricted CTL epitope FL8 in HIV-1 Nef. The association of FL8 mutations with lower CD4 cell counts indicates an important role of CTL escape mutations for disease progression.
The Genetic Program of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2000)

Blood cell production originates from a rare population of multipotent, self-renewing stem cells. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed in order to define regulatory pathways in stem cells as well as their global genetic program. Subtracted complementary DNA libraries from highly purified murine fetal liver stem cells were analyzed with bioinformatic and array hybridization strategies. A large percentage of the several thousand gene products that have been characterized correspond to previously undescribed molecules with properties suggestive of regulatory functions. The complete data, available in a biological process-oriented database, represent the molecular phenotype of the hematopoietic stem cell.
Vitamin E Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Prevention: Part 1 (2005)

Available data do not support the supplementation of vitamin E in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention.
2-Oxaadamantane-1-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium Iodide: Synthesis and Potential for Muscarinic Activity (1985)

The synthesis of the title compound from adamantanone is described.The series of steps include ring expansion and hydrolysis to endo-7-hydroxy-exo-3-bicyclo(3.3.1)nonanecarboxylic acid, followed by oxidative ring closure using lead tetraacetate.The final, substituted oxaadamantane incorporates the key functional group elements known to be necessary for useful muscarinic activity into a molecular geometry not present in acetylcholine agonists or antagonists previously prepared. NOTES AND REFERENCE S1. 2-0xa-tricyclo(3.3.1.137)decane-1-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminiumiodide.
Antibodies targeting human IL1RAP (IL1R3) show therapeutic effects in xenograft models of acute myeloid leukemia (2015)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor survival rate, and there is an urgent need for novel and more efficient therapies, ideally targeting AML stem cells that are essential for maintaining the disease. The interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP; IL1R3) is expressed on candidate leukemic stem cells in the majority of AML patients, but not on normal hematopoietic stem cells. We show here that monoclonal antibodies targeting IL1RAP have strong antileukemic effects in xenograft models of human AML. We demonstrate that effector-cell-mediated killing is essential for the observed therapeutic effects and that natural killer cells constitute a critical human effector cell type. Because IL-1 signaling is important for the growth of AML cells, we generated an IL1RAP-targeting antibody capable of blocking IL-1 signaling and show that this antibody suppresses the proliferation of primary human AML cells. Hence, IL1RAP can be efficiently targeted with an anti-IL1RAP antibody capable of both achieving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and blocking of IL-1 signaling as modes of action. Collectively, these results provide important evidence in support of IL1RAP as a target for antibody-based treatment of AML.
Recruitment of cyclin T1/P-TEFb to an HIV type 1 long terminal repeat promoter proximal RNA target is both necessary and sufficient for full activation of transcription (1999)

Transcriptional activation of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the viral Tat protein is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. Tat function is mediated by the TAR RNA target element encoded within the LTR and is known to require the recruitment of a complex consisting of Tat and the cyclin T1 (CycT1) component of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to TAR. Here, we demonstrate that both TAR and Tat become entirely dispensable for activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter when CycT1/P-TEFb is artificially recruited to a heterologous promoter proximal RNA target. The level of activation observed was indistinguishable from the level induced by Tat and was neither inhibited nor increased when Tat was expressed in trans. Activation by artificially recruited CycT1 depended on the ability to bind the CDK9 component of P-TEFb. In contrast, although binding to both Tat and TAR was essential for the ability of CycT1 to act as a Tat cofactor, these interactions became dispensable when CycT1 was directly recruited to the LTR. Importantly, activation of the LTR both by Tat and by directly recruited CycT1 was found to be at the level of transcription elongation. Together, these data demonstrate that recruitment of CycT1/P-TEFb to the HIV-1 LTR is fully sufficient to activate this promoter element and imply that the sole role of the Tat/TAR axis in viral transcription is to permit the recruitment of CycT1/P-TEFb.
Localization on OpenStreetMap data using a 3D laser scanner (2015)

To determine the pose of a vehicle is a fundamental problem in mobile robotics. Most approaches relate the current sensor observations to a map generated with previously acquired data of the same system or by another system with a similar sensor setup. Unfortunately, previously acquired data is not always available. In outdoor settings, GPS is a very useful tool to determine a global estimate of the vehicles pose. Unfortunately, GPS tends to be unreliable in situations in which a clear view to the sky is restricted. Yet, one can make use of publicly available map material as prior information. In this paper, we describe an approach to localize a robot equipped with a 3D range scanner with respect to a road network created from OpenStreetMap data. To successfully localize a mobile robot we propose a road classification scheme for 3D range data together with a novel sensor model, which relates the classification results to a road network. Compared to other approaches, our system does not require the robot to actually travel on the road network. We evaluate our approach in extensive experiments on simulated and real data and compare favorably to two state-of-the-art methods on those data.
A relationship between protein stability and protein function. (1995)

Enzymes are thought to use their ordered structures to facilitate catalysis. A corollary of this theory suggests that enzyme residues involved in function are not optimized for stability. We tested this hypothesis by mutating functionally important residues in the active site of T4 lysozyme. Six mutations at two catalytic residues, Glu-11 and Asp-20, abolished or reduced enzymatic activity but increased thermal stability by 0.7-1.7 kcal.mol-1. Nine mutations at two substrate-binding residues, Ser-117 and Asn-132, increased stability by 1.2-2.0 kcal.mol-1, again at the cost of reduced activity. X-ray crystal structures show that the substituted residues complement regions of the protein surface that are used for substrate recognition in the native enzyme. In two of these structures the enzyme undergoes a general conformational change, similar to that seen in an enzyme-product complex. These results support a relationship between stability and function for T4 lysozyme. Other evidence suggests that the relationship is general.
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of SCIO-469, a p38 gamma MAP kinase inhibitor (2004)

SCIO-469 is a p38α MAP kinase inhibitor being developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis. A Phase I study investigated the safety, PD and PK of single ascending oral solution doses of 0.03 to 5 mg/kg SCIO-469 in young male subjects in the fasted state, and 3 mg/kg SCIO-469 in young male, female and elderly male subjects in the fed state. The PK of SCIO-469 and its two major metabolites were investigated. SCIO-469 was safe and well tolerated. Administration of SCIO-469 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNFα production in a whole blood assay, with the inhibition being similar for the 3- and 5-mg/kg doses (approximately 80% maximum inhibition). SCIO-469 was rapidly absorbed and demonstrated biphasic disposition. The two major metabolites appeared rapidly in plasma with levels at ~25% and 7% of the parent drug, respectively. The elimination half-lives for SCIO-469 and the two metabolites were 6, 11 and 20 hours, respectively. Systemic exposure to SCIO-469 and the two metabolites increased in a broadly dose-proportional manner. Absorption of SCIO-469 was slowed and Cmax was decreased in the presence of food; however, overall systemic exposure was unaffected. Maximum plasma concentrations and systemic exposure to SCIO-469 were lower for female and elderly male subjects compared to young male subjects at a dose level of 3 mg/kg. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P54–P54; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.203
Use of Rayleigh Waves in Liquefaction Studies (1985)

The Spectral-Analysis-of-Surface-Waves method is a new seismic method for efficient determination of shear wave velocity in situ. Vertical impacts applied to the ground surface are used to generate Rayleigh waves with different frequencies. Propagation of the waves is monitored with surface receivers located known distances apart. By employing waveform analysis techniques, the variation of Rayleigh wave velocity with frequency is calculated. With inversion, shear wave velocity, shear modulus and layering of the site are determined. Several case studies where liquefaction occurred are presented. In each case, the shear wave velocities of the liquefiable layer were less than 450 fps.
Prevention of maternal cytomegalovirus infection: current status and future prospects (2010)

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common cause of perinatal viral infection in the developed world, resulting in approximately 40,000 congenitally infected infants in the United States each year. Congenital CMV infection can produce varying degrees of neurodevelopmental disabilities. The significant impact of congenital CMV has led the Institute of Medicine to rank development of a CMV vaccine as a top priority. Vaccine development has been ongoing; however no licensed CMV vaccine is currently available. Treatment of pregnant women with CMV hyperimmune globulin has shown promising results, but has not been studied in randomized controlled trials. Education on methods to prevent CMV transmission, particularly among young women of child-bearing age, should continue until a CMV vaccine becomes available. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, prevention strategies, and treatment of CMV infections are reviewed.
40 Gbit/s low-loss silicon optical modulator based on a pipin diode (2012)

40 Gbit/s low-loss silicon optical modulators are demonstrated. The devices are based on the carrier depletion effect in a pipin diode to generate a good compromise between high efficiency, speed and low optical loss. The diode is embedded in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a self-aligned fabrication process was used to obtain precise localization of the active p-doped region in the middle of the waveguide. Using a 4.7 mm (resp. 0.95 mm) long phase shifter, the modulator exhibits an extinction ratio of 6.6 dB (resp. 3.2 dB), simultaneously with an optical loss of 6 dB (resp. 4.5 dB) at the same operating point.
Quantitative and sequence-specific analysis of DNA-ligand interaction by means of fluorescent intercalator probes (2000)

A novel method of analysis of double-stranded DNA-ligand interaction is presented. The interaction is monitored by the fluorescence of a DNA bis-intercalator oxazole homodimer YoYo-3. The fluorescence intensity or its decay time reflects the modification of the DNA double helix. The DNA sequence is scanned by hybridization with short oligomers having consecutively overlapping complementary sequences to analyse the sequence specificity of binding. In our experiments we used as ligands the minor groove binders netropsin, SN6999 (both with AT-preference), the GC-specific ligand chromomycin A3 as well as the derivative SN6113 (non-specific interaction), which displace the bis-intercalator YoYo-3 or influence the duplex structure in such away that the fluorescence intensity and lifetime decrease in comparison to a ligand-free screening. The changes of fluorescence emission clearly define the binding motif and indicate minor groove interactions with a reduced DNA binding site. Titration of the ligand quantitatively characterizes its binding by determining the dependence of the binding constant on the oligonucleotide sequence.
Prenatal diagnosis for dystrophia myotonica using the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

The polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect an abundant class of short repeat DNA families of the form (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n, known as microsatellites. These units are found throughout the human genome and have been characterized for several loci including APOC2 on chromosome 19q12-q13.2. The locus APOC2 is linked to the gene for dystrophia myotonica and a microsatellite within this locus was used to derive polymorphisms in a family to predict the inheritance of the disease. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed at 15 1/2 weeks' gestation. Following DNA extraction from the CVS material and parental blood samples, microsatellite analysis was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction.