gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow cytofluorometric characterization of bovine blood and milk leukocytes (1986)

Flow cytometry and sorting proved to be a rapid method that facilitated the identification of different leukocyte populations in bovine blood and milk. After briefly incubating whole blood and milk samples in a hypotonic phosphate buffer, containing supravital acridine orange, 5 classes of leukocytes were found in the blood (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes) and 4 in the milk (lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) by flow cytometry. Cells were morphologically identified by fluorescent microscopy after flow cytometric sorting and by light microscopy after Papanicolaous staining. Udder parenchymal and ductal tissue cells (secretory and epithelial cells) were not found in the milk samples evaluated. Large differences in the total and differential cell counts were found in the different milk secretions.
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Colony Growth of a Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line (1982)

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a fetal testicular product which causes regression of the Mullerian duct in the male mammalian embryo, is being evaluated as an inhibitor of genital tract tumors. The present study demonstrates in a clonogenic soft agar that biologically active MIS inhibits the growth of a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (HOC-21) in a dose-dependent manner when compared to phosphate-buffered saline medium controls, heat-inactivated MIS, or biochemical fractions which lack biological activity (P less than 0.05).
Administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal calves (1990)

The presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) during endotoxemia in ruminants has not been reported previously. In this study, we detected the in vivo release of bovine TNF-alpha by using WEHI-164 murine fibrosarcoma cells as targets in an 18-h cytotoxicity assay. Treatment of the WEHI-164 cells with 1 microgram of actinomycin D (dactinomycin) enhanced approximately twofold the susceptibility of the cells to TNF-alpha activity. TNF-alpha activity in sera from neonatal calves injected intravenously with 2.7 micrograms of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased rapidly within the first 2 h postinjection and then declined until it was undetectable by 4 h postinjection. Sera taken before LPS administration had no TNF-alpha activity. LPS (10 micrograms/ml) and fetal, newborn, and pooled adult bovine sera alone and in combination had no direct cytotoxic effects on WEHI-164 cells. TNF-alpha cytotoxic activity is probably not due to the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1), alpha interferon, or gamma interferon in the sera since recombinant human IL-1, natural bovine IL-1, and recombinant bovine alpha and gamma interferons had no direct cytotoxic effects on WEHI-164 cells. A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes recombinant human TNF-alpha significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of sera from LPS-injected calves.
Generation of Female Genital Tract Antibody Responses by Local or Central (Common) Mucosal Immunization (2000)

Genital antibody responses were compared in female mice immunized intravaginally (i.vag.) or intranasally (i.n.) with a bacterial protein antigen (AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans) coupled to the B subunit of cholera toxin. Serum and salivary antibodies were also evaluated as measures of disseminated mucosal and systemic responses. Although i.vag. immunization induced local vaginal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses, these were not disseminated to a remote secretion, the saliva, and only modest levels of serum antibodies were generated. In contrast, i.n. immunization was substantially more effective at inducing IgA and IgG antibody responses in the genital tract and in the circulation, as well as at inducing IgA antibodies in the saliva. Moreover, mucosal and systemic antibodies induced by i.n. immunization persisted for at least 12 months. Analysis of the molecular form of genital IgA indicated that the majority of both total IgA and specific IgA antibody was polymeric, and likely derived from the common mucosal immune system.
Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 1. Models and theory (1981)

Genome regulatory proteins (e.g., repressors or polymerases) that function by binding to specific chromosomal target base pair sequences (e.g., operators or promoters) can appear to arrive at their targets at faster than diffusion-controlled rates. These proteins also exhibit appreciable affinity for nonspecific DNA, and thus this apparently facilitated binding rate must be interpreted in terms of a two-step binding mechanism. The first step involves free diffusion to any nonspecific binding site on the DNA, and the second step comprises a series of protein translocation events that are also driven by thermal fluctuations. Because of nonspecific binding, the search process in the second step is of reduced dimensionality (or volume); this results in an accelerated apparent rate of target location. In this paper we define four types of processes that may be involved in these protein translocation events between DNA sites. These are (i) "macroscopic" dissociation--reassociation processes within the domain of the DNA molecule, (ii) "microscopic" dissociation--reassociation events between closely spaced sites in the DNA molecule, (iii) "intersegment transfer" (via "ring-closure") processes between different segments of the DNA molecule, and (iv) "sliding" along the DNA molecule. We present mathematical and physical descriptions of each of these processes, and the consequences of each for the overall rate of target location are worked out as a function of both the nonspecific binding affinity between protein and DNA and the length of the DNA molecule containing the target sequence. The theory is developed in terms of the Escherichia coli lac repressor--operator interaction since data for testing these approaches are available for this system [Barkley, M. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 3833; Winter, R. B., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry (second paper of three in this issue); Winter, R. B., Berg, O. G., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry (third paper of three in this issue)]. However, we emphasize that this approach is general for the analysis of mechanisms of biological target location involving facilitated transfer processes via nonspecific binding to the general system of which the target forms a small part.
Proteomic profiling of pretreatment serum from HIV-infected patients identifies candidate markers predictive of lymphoma development (2016)

We identified several differentially expressed protein spots present already at the time of HIV diagnosis. Analysis of biological differences correlating to lymphoma development at this early stage of a possible malignant transformation may lead to the identification of predictive markers. Further investigation of the potential clinical application of differentially expressed proteins as risk stratification markers for monitoring HIV-positive individuals is warranted.
High-throughput multi-rate LDPC decoder based on architecture-oriented parity check matrices (2006)

A high throughput pipelined LDPC decoder that supports multiple code rates and codeword sizes is proposed.In order to increase memory throughput, irregular block structured parity-check matrices are designed with the constraint of equally distributed odd and even nonzero block-columns in each horizontal layer for the pre-determined set of code rates.The designed decoder achieves a data throughput of more than 1 Gb/s without sacrificing the error-correcting performance of capacity-approaching irregular block codes.The architecture is prototyped on an FPGA and synthesized for an ASIC design flow.
Effects of in vivo prednisone on in vitro eosinophil and neutrophil adherence and chemotaxis (1979)

The mechanisms by which corticosteroids affect circulating granulocytes are not completely understood. Since granulocyte adherence and chemotaxis are both prerequisite for an exudative response in inflammation, we studied these functions in vitro before and at 4, 24, and 48 hr after administration of 60 mg of prednisone to healthy human volunteers and patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilia. Adherence was determined by the number of eosinophils and neutrophils from heparinized whole blood that remained adherent to nylonwool colums after a 1 5-mm incubation.
Special Issue: Steelmaking. Behavior of Formation of Large-sized Nb(C,N) Particles in Nb-bearing Low Alloy Steel. (1995)

An addition of niobium to steels is generally available for keeping the austenite grains fine and controlling abnormal grain growth at high temperature. However, it sometimes occurs the formation of large-sized niobium carbonitrides in the center of ingot. This formation of large-sized Nb (C, N) particles reduces the microalloying effect by niobium and is harmful to fracture toughness and fatigue strength.Then three-sized ingots of 50kg, 150kg and 1.3t weight were cast and investigated with Optical Microscope, Electron Probe Micro Analyser (EPMA) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) to study the behaviors of formation of large-sized Nb (C, N) particles. Results obtained are as follows;(1) Large-sized Nb (C, N) particles are not formed in molten steels.(2) They are formed in interdendritic regions during steel solidification.(3) Those quantities depend on cooling rate during solidification.
Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia (2009)

This outbreak of Zika virus illness in Micronesia represents transmission of Zika virus outside Africa and Asia. Although most patients had mild illness, clinicians and public health officials should be aware of the risk of further expansion of Zika virus transmission.
DNA sequence of the region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 containing the genes for DNA polymerase and the major DNA binding protein (1985)

In the long unique region of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the genes for DNA polymerase and the major DNA binding protein are arranged in a head to head manner, with an origin of DNA replication (termed OriL) located between them. This paper reports an 8400 base pair DNA sequence containing both genes and the origin, obtained mostly by M13/dideoxy analysis of plasmid cloned fragments. Amino acid sequences of the two proteins were deduced. Homologues of both genes were detected in the genome sequence of the distantly related Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Arrangement of these HSV-1 and EBV genes differs in genome location and in relative orientation. A part of HSV-1 DNA polymerase was found to be similar to a sequence in adenovirus 2 DNA polymerase, but the significance of this is unclear. Since a DNA sequence in the locality of OriL deletes on plasmid cloning, this region was analysed using virus DNA. A palindrome with 72-residue arms was found, which shows great similarity to the better characterized origin, OriS.
Acute stress increases interstitial fluid amyloid-β via corticotropin-releasing factor and neuronal activity (2007)

Aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in the extracellular space of the brain is critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Abeta is produced by neurons and released into the brain interstitial fluid (ISF), a process regulated by synaptic activity. To determine whether behavioral stressors can regulate ISF Abeta levels, we assessed the effects of chronic and acute stress paradigms in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. Isolation stress over 3 months increased Abeta levels by 84%. Similarly, acute restraint stress increased Abeta levels over hours. Exogenous corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) but not corticosterone mimicked the effects of acute restraint stress. Inhibition of endogenous CRF receptors or neuronal activity blocked the effects of acute stress on Abeta. Thus, behavioral stressors can rapidly increase ISF Abeta through neuronal activity in a CRF-dependent manner, and the results suggest a mechanism by which behavioral stress may affect Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Post-exercise whey protein hydrolysate supplementation induces a greater increase in muscle protein synthesis than its constituent amino acid content (2013)

It is well known that ingestion of a protein source is effective in stimulating muscle protein synthesis after exercise. In addition, there are numerous reports on the impact of leucine and leucine-rich whey protein on muscle protein synthesis and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. However, there is only limited information on the effects of whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signalling. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of WPH and amino acids on muscle protein synthesis and the initiation of translation in skeletal muscle during the post-exercise phase. Male Sprague–Dawley rats swam for 2 h to depress muscle protein synthesis. Immediately after exercise, the animals were administered either carbohydrate (CHO), CHO plus an amino acid mixture (AA) or CHO plus WPH. At 1 h after exercise, the supplements containing whey-based protein (AA and WPH) caused a significant increase in the fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) compared with CHO. WPH also caused a significant increase in FSR compared with AA. Post-exercise ingestion of WPH caused a significant increase in the phosphorylation of mTOR levels compared with AA or CHO. In addition, WPH caused greater phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 than AA and CHO. In contrast, there was no difference in plasma amino acid levels following supplementation with either AA or WPH. These results indicate that WPH may include active components that are superior to amino acids for stimulating muscle protein synthesis and initiating translation.
A New Camera Calibration Method Based on Two Stages Distortion Model (2010)

To improve accuracy of computer visual inspection, a new camera calibration method is proposed. A mathematical camera model is set up based on theory of perspective projection and vector algebra, which takes into account both the first order radial distortion and disinterring distortion, and actual image point is regarded as the result point to which ideal image point is moved under the influence of radial and disinterring distortion one by one. Based on this model, disinterring distortion coefficients are solved firstly according to invariability in projection translation, and actual image points are corrected firstly to obtain intermediate image points. Then most of the external parameters are calibrated by using of RAC constraint, and other parameters are solved by nonlinear optimization method. Because the calibration of disinterring distortion coefficients is carried out independently, the calibration accuracy of CCD camera is increased remarkably with minimal impact upon efficiency. Both the simulative and real experiments show validity and practicability of this method.
Revisiting Readability: A Unified Framework for Predicting Text Quality (2008)

Revisiting Readability: A Unified Framework for Predicting Text Quality We combine lexical, syntactic, and discourse features to produce a highly predictive model of human readers’ judgments of text readability. This is the first study to take into account such a variety of linguistic factors and the first to empirically demonstrate that discourse relations are strongly associated with the perceived quality of text. We show that various surface metrics generally expected to be related to readability are not very good predictors of readability judgments in our Wall Street Journal corpus. We also establish that readability predictors behave differently depending on the task: predicting text readability or ranking the readability. Our experiments indicate that discourse relations are the one class of features that exhibits robustness across these two tasks.
A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor:  Sensitivity and Selectivity of an Approach Based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy of Triangular Silver Nanoparticles (2002)

Triangular silver nanoparticles ( approximately 100 nm wide and 50 nm high) have remarkable optical properties. In particular, the peak extinction wavelength, lambda(max) of their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum is unexpectedly sensitive to nanoparticle size, shape, and local ( approximately 10-30 nm) external dielectric environment. This sensitivity of the LSPR lambda(max) to the nanoenvironment has allowed us to develop a new class of nanoscale affinity biosensors. The essential characteristics and operational principles of these LSPR nanobiosensors will be illustrated using the well-studied biotin-streptavidin system. Exposure of biotin-functionalized Ag nanotriangles to 100 nM streptavidin (SA) caused a 27.0 nm red-shift in the LSPR lambda(max). The LSPR lambda(max) shift, DeltaR/DeltaR(max), versus [SA] response curve was measured over the concentration range 10(-)(15) M < [SA] < 10(-)(6) M. Comparison of the data with the theoretical normalized response expected for 1:1 binding of a ligand to a multivalent receptor with different sites but invariant affinities yielded approximate values for the saturation response, DeltaR(max) = 26.5 nm, and the surface-confined thermodynamic binding constant K(a,surf) = 10(11) M(-)(1). At present, the limit of detection (LOD) for the LSPR nanobiosensor is found to be in the low-picomolar to high-femtomolar region. A strategy to amplify the response of the LSPR nanobiosensor using biotinylated Au colloids and thereby further improve the LOD is demonstrated. Several control experiments were performed to define the LSPR nanobiosensor's response to nonspecific binding as well as to demonstrate its response to the specific binding of another protein. These include the following: (1) electrostatic binding of SA to a nonbiotinylated surface, (2) nonspecific interactions of prebiotinylated SA to a biotinylated surface, (3) nonspecific interactions of bovine serum albumin to a biotinylated surface, and (4) specific binding of anti-biotin to a biotinylated surface. The LSPR nanobiosensor provides a pathway to ultrasensitive biodetection experiments with extremely simple, small, light, robust, low-cost instrumentation that will greatly facilitate field-portable environmental or point-of-service medical diagnostic applications.
Implementing realistic occupant behavior in building energy simulations – the effect on the results of an optimization of office buildings (2010)

status: Published
Role of Serotonin In Fish Immunomodulation (1997)

In the recent past, the importance of the fish brain monoaminergic system in aggression, mating and feeding has been documented. There are several apparent similarities between the functioning of the fish and mammalian monoaminergic systems. In fish, the hypermetabolism of catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine) and indoleamine (serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been found to be associated with stressful conditions. In contrast to the situation in mammals, these monoamines can pass through the blood&shy;brain barrier in teleost fishes, contributing to the high levels of biogenic amines in the periphery. Hence, high levels of serotonin in the peripheral circulation, during different stressful conditions, may influence the functioning of other physiological systems, notably the immune system. Serotonin is also stored in considerable amounts by mast cells and platelets, and can be synthetized by chromaffin cells. In mammals, it has been established that 5-HT modulates immune function at a variety of levels. However, little is known about the role of serotonin in the functioning of the immune system in fish. In this perspective article, we will discuss our results and the findings of other laboratories, although meagre on this subject, on the possible role of serotonin in the functioning of immunocompetent cells in fish.
Open Targets: a platform for therapeutic target identification and validation (2016)

We have designed and developed a data integration and visualization platform that provides evidence about the association of known and potential drug targets with diseases. The platform is designed to support identification and prioritization of biological targets for follow-up. Each drug target is linked to a disease using integrated genome-wide data from a broad range of data sources. The platform provides either a target-centric workflow to identify diseases that may be associated with a specific target, or a disease-centric workflow to identify targets that may be associated with a specific disease. Users can easily transition between these target- and disease-centric workflows. The Open Targets Validation Platform is accessible at https://www.targetvalidation.org.
Promotion of osteoclast survival and antagonism of bisphosphonate-induced osteoclast apoptosis by glucocorticoids (2002)

Glucocorticoids depress bone formation by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis and increasing osteoblast apoptosis. However, the role of bone resorption in the initial rapid phase of bone loss characteristic of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is unexplained, and the reason for the efficacy of bisphosphonates in this condition remains unknown. We report that in murine osteoclast cultures, glucocorticoids prolonged the baseline survival of osteoclasts and antagonized bisphosphonate-induced caspase activation and apoptosis by a glucocorticoid receptor–mediated action. Consistent with the in vitro evidence, in a murine model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, the number of cancellous osteoclasts increased, even though osteoclast progenitor number was reduced. Moreover, in mice receiving both glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates, the expected proapoptotic effect of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts was abrogated, as evidenced by maintenance of osteoclast numbers and, additionally, loss of bone density. In contrast, bisphosphonate administration prevented glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis. These results indicate that the early loss of bone with glucocorticoid excess is caused by extension of the life span of pre-existing osteoclasts, an effect not preventable by bisphosphonates. Therefore, the early beneficial effects of these agents must be due, in part, to prolonging the life span of osteoblasts.
Nanoparticle‐Dispersed Liquid Crystals Fabricated by Sputter Doping (2009)

A simple and robust method to prepare nanoparticle-dispersed liquid crystals is demonstrated. Highly dispersed gold nanoparticle–liquid crystal suspensions are fabricated by simply sputter doping the gold target on the host liquid crystal (see figure). The existence of the nanoparticles is supported by optical extinction measurements, polarization optical microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. An improvement in the electro-optic response, namely, a decrease in the threshold voltage, is also demonstrated in twist nematic devices fabricated using the nanoparticle-dispersed liquid crystal. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.