gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Tolerance to Retinal Ischemia by Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning: Role of HIF-1α and Heme Oxygenase-1 (2007)

A novel form of sustained retinal ischemic tolerance is described, wherein endogenous adaptive responses triggered by repeated hypoxia afford protection against injury many weeks after the preconditioning stimulus. HIF-1alpha-mediated, long-lasting increases in retinal HO-1 expression may contribute to the LTT phenotype. Further elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of such adaptive plasticity could provide therapeutic targets for preventing and/or treating a variety of ischemic retinopathies.
Scan Chain Fault Isolation using Single Event Upsets Induced by a Picosecond 1064nm Laser (2018)

Abstract We present the first experimental demonstration of stuck-at scan chain fault isolation through the exploitation of Single Event Upsets (SEU) in a Laser-Induced Fault Analysis (LIFA) system. By observing a pass/fail flag, we can spatially map all flops after a defect in a failing scan chain through induced SEU sites produced by a fiber-amplified 25 ps 1064 nm diode laser. In addition, a custom fault isolation methodology is presented in which the result highlights only the first working flop immediately after the defect mechanism causing the stuck-at chain failure. This work demonstrates a novel method for rapid scan chain fault isolation that significantly improves localization efficacy over conventional best-known methods (BKM) based on frequency mapping. Moreover, experimental results are presented to demonstrate that LIFA can be extended to interrogate the data state of flip flops in a scan chain. Results are also presented to establish that LIFA can be configured as a hardware-based diagnostics platform.
Triglyceride-lowering effect of marine polyunsaturates in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. (1985)

Twenty male patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia were treated for 4 weeks with daily supplements (15 g) of oil, which provided approximately 6 g of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) either of fish or of vegetable origin. Total plasma cholesterol concentrations were unaffected, but both types of supplement increased high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) cholesterol concentrations. The fish, but not the vegetable, oil supplement led to a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), fatty acid composition, and VLDL triglyceride kinetics were subsequently studied in five patients (four male, one female) before and after 4 weeks of therapy with 15 g of the same fish oil. The fish oil led to increases in the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in both the VLDL triglyceride and phospholipid fractions, but the increase was greater in the latter. In contrast, the proportion of docosahexanoic acid was increased only in the VLDL triglycerides. The decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations that occurred with fish-oil therapy was accompanied by a reduction in the absolute catabolic rate of VLDL triglyceride, implying a concomitant change in synthetic rate; the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL triglyceride was unaltered. It is suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin may be therapeutically useful for hypertriglyceridemia.
Antibody-Radionuclide Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: Historical Considerations and New Trends (2011)

When delivered at a sufficient dose and dose rate to a neoplastic mass, radiation can kill tumor cells. Because cancer frequently presents as a disseminated disease, it is imperative to deliver cytotoxic radiation not only to the primary tumor but also to distant metastases, while reducing exposure of healthy organs as much as possible. Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, labeled with therapeutic radionuclides, have been used for many years in the development of anticancer strategies, with the aim of concentrating radioactivity at the tumor site and sparing normal tissues. This review surveys important milestones in the development and clinical implementation of radioimmunotherapy and critically examines new trends for the antibody-mediated targeted delivery of radionuclides to sites of cancer.
Carbodiimides. Part V.1 A Novel Synthesis of Adenosine Di- and Triphosphate and P1,P2-Diadenosine-5'-pyrophosphate (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbodiimides. Part V.1 A Novel Synthesis of Adenosine Di- and Triphosphate and P1,P2-Diadenosine-5'-pyrophosphateH. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 13, 3517–3522Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01642a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01642a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting carcass composition in swine: I. Fat deposition traits. (1998)

One of the major determining factors in the price of market hogs today is backfat depth. Therefore, identification of regions of the genome affecting this trait could be very useful to the swine industry. A large resource population (n = 540) was developed by backcrossing F1 Meishan-White composite females to either Meishan or White composite boars. A genomic scan was conducted by genotyping all animals with microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 20-cM intervals across the entire porcine genome. Breed of origin for all chromosomal segments was determined using multipoint linkage procedures, and a least squares regression analysis was conducted. Nominal P-values were converted to a genome-wide level of significance to adjust for the numerous tests conducted. Traits analyzed were backfat depths at the first rib (FRIB); 10th rib (10th); last rib (LRIB); last lumbar (LLUM) vertebra; the average of FRIB, LRIB, and LLUM (AVBF); and weight of leaf fat (LEAF). Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected on chromosomes 1, 7, and X. Suggestive evidence for QTL was present on chromosomes 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14. Genotypic means for the loci detected indicated a predominantly additive mode of inheritance. Meishan alleles produced fatter pigs for all loci except those on chromosomes 7 and 10. Additional research should be conducted to refine the estimated position of each QTL and its effect and determine epistatic interactions. These loci should be evaluated in other germplasms to determine whether allelic variation at the QTL exists in other breeds.
Slip on Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2010)

This review discusses the use of the combination of surface roughness and hydrophobicity for engineering large slip at the fluid-solid interface. These superhydrophobic surfaces were initially inspired by the unique water-repellent properties of the lotus leaf and can be employed to produce drag reduction in both laminar and turbulent flows, enhance mixing in laminar flows, and amplify diffusion-osmotic flows. We review the current state of experiments, simulations, and theory of flow past superhydrophobic surfaces. In addition, the designs and limitations of these surfaces are discussed, with an eye toward implementing these surfaces in a wide range of applications.
Expression of HLA-C molecules confers target cell resistance to some non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells in a manner analogous to allospecific natural killer cells. (1995)

Specific HLA molecules have recently been shown to confer target cell resistance to lysis by some CD3- natural killer (NK) cells. For certain NK clones, resistance is governed by two specificities (NK1 and NK2) that are associated with particular HLA-C alleles: in general, target cells expressing Cw1, Cw3, Cw7, or Cw8 are susceptible to NK1 but resistant to NK2 clones, whereas target cells expressing Cw2, Cw4, Cw5, or Cw6 are susceptible to NK2 and resistant to NK1 cells. These two clusters of HLA-C alleles are distinguished by a dimorphism in the alpha 1 helical region, localized at amino acid positions 77 and 80. In this report, we show that highly enriched CD3+/CD56- cytotoxic T cell sublines and CD3-/CD56+ NK sublines derived from the same donor have identical cytolytic specificities when tested against a panel of allogeneic LCL and various HLA-B and -C transfectant cell lines. The lysis pattern of the allogeneic cells appeared to be related to the NK2 specificity for both effector cells: LCL expressing HLA-Cw2, Cw4, Cw5, or Cw6 alleles were lysed, while LCL expressing HLA-Cw1, Cw3, or Cw7 molecules were resistant. Resistance to lysis could be conferred to susceptible target cells by transfection with a Cw*0702 gene, while expression of a Cw*0602 gene did not provide protection. Similar patterns of HLA-C-mediated resistance were also found with two polyclonal T cell lines generated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of unrelated donors. Thus, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules that induced resistance to particular NK cells also regulated target cell resistance to lysis by these non-MHC-restricted effector T cells. For both types of effector cells, direct binding to HLA-C molecules was necessary to achieve inhibition since preincubation with mAb specific for class I molecules destroyed the protection from lysis of HLA-Cw7 expressing target cells. mAbs specific for CD3 and CD8 molecules had no influence on lysis or inhibition of the NK-like T cells. Formation of MHC complexes with particular peptides did not appear to be essential to confer resistance, since a cell line with defective peptide transporter genes (TAP genes), when transfected with an appropriate HLA-C allele, was as resistant to lysis as HLA-C transfectant lines with normal TAP function. These results suggest that HLA-C molecules may deliver negative regulatory signals to some non-MHC-restricted T cells in a manner similar to that described previously for particular NK cells.
Non‐native protein aggregation kinetics (2007)

Experimental kinetics of non-native protein aggregation are of practical importance in that they help dictate viable processing, formulation, and storage conditions for biotechnology products, and appear to play a role in determining the onset of a number of diseases. Fundamentally, aggregation kinetics provide insights into the identity of key intermediates in the process, and quantitative tests of available models of aggregation. Although aggregation kinetics often display seemingly disparate behaviors across different proteins and sample conditions, this review illustrates how many of these can be understood within a general framework that treats aggregation as a multi-stage process, and how most available kinetic models of aggregation can be grouped hierarchically in terms of which stage(s) they include. This provides an aid for workers seeking a mechanistic interpretation of in vitro aggregation kinetics, for discriminating among competing models, and in designing experiments to assess in vitro protein stability. Limitations and the utility of purely kinetic approaches to studying aggregation, clarifications of common misperceptions regarding experimental aggregation kinetics, and some outstanding challenges in the field are briefly discussed.
A Dual-Trap Design and Its Applications in Electrospray Ionization FTICR Mass Spectrometry (1997)

A new arrangement consisting of two separate Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) ion traps was used to develop methods for the manipulation of the ions produced by an electrospray ionization source (ESI). A first, "accumulation" trap, is generally maintained at a higher pressure than the second, high-performance "analyzer" trap. The manipulations developed and demonstrated include the following: (1) mass-selective ion transfers between the traps; (2) mass-selective step-wise accumulation of low-abundance ions of different mass-to-charge ratios transferred from the first trap to the analyzer trap; (3) simultaneous detection of ions in the analyzer trap and ion accumulation in the source trap; (4) simultaneous ion detection in the accumulation trap and ion storage in the analyzer trap; (5) sequential multiple transfers of the ions into the analyzer trap from the same ion population stored in the accumulation trap; (6) collision-induced dissociation of ions stored in the accumulation trap followed by mass-selective transfer of the product ions into the analyzer trap; (7) sequential transfer of the ions of different mass-to-charge ratios into the analyzer trap from the same ion population stored in the accumulation trap followed by the collision-induced dissociation of transferred ions in the analyzer trap. These ion manipulations benefit multistage studies and are projected to be useful in many biochemical applications of ESI-FTICR, including structural determination of biopolymers and study of noncovalent complexes.
Membrane Restructuring by Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase Toxin, a Member of the RTX Toxin Family (2004)

Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is secreted by Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium causing whooping cough. ACT is a member of the RTX (repeats in toxin) family of toxins, and like other members in the family, it may bind cell membranes and cause disruption of the permeability barrier, leading to efflux of cell contents. The present paper summarizes studies performed on cell and model membranes with the aim of understanding the mechanism of toxin insertion and membrane restructuring leading to release of contents. ACT does not necessarily require a protein receptor to bind the membrane bilayer, and this may explain its broad range of host cell types. In fact, red blood cells and liposomes (large unilamellar vesicles) display similar sensitivities to ACT. A varying liposomal bilayer composition leads to significant changes in ACT-induced membrane lysis, measured as efflux of fluorescent vesicle contents. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a lipid that favors formation of nonlamellar (inverted hexagonal) phases, stimulated ACT-promoted efflux. Conversely, lysophosphatidylcholine, a micelle-forming lipid that opposes the formation of inverted nonlamellar phases, inhibited ACT-induced efflux in a dose-dependent manner and neutralized the stimulatory effect of PE. These results strongly suggest that ACT-induced efflux is mediated by transient inverted nonlamellar lipid structures. Cholesterol, a lipid that favors inverted nonlamellar phase formation and also increases the static order of phospholipid hydrocarbon chains, among other effects, also enhanced ACT-induced liposomal efflux. Moreover, the use of a recently developed fluorescence assay technique allowed the detection of trans-bilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion simultaneous with efflux. Lipid flip-flop further confirms the formation of transient nonlamellar lipid structures as a result of ACT insertion in bilayers.
Drosophila insulin receptor: lectin-binding properties and a role for oxidation-reduction of receptor thiols in activation (1995)

The glycosylation of the Drosophila insulin receptor (DIR) has been compared to that of the rat insulin receptor by examining the binding of receptors to the lectins wheat germ agglutinin, Concanavalin-A, and lentil lectin. Although rat insulin receptors bound and were specifically eluted from all three lectins, only a small fraction of the DIR (< 5%) was retained on wheat germ agglutinin. In contrast, the DIR bound strongly to Concanavalin-A and lentil lectin and was recovered from lentil lectin columns after elution with alpha-methyl-mannoside. The pattern of lectin binding indicates that glycosylation of the DIR and rat insulin receptors differs, with the DIR containing primarily high mannose-type oligosaccharides. After lectin chromatography, the DIR exhibited an elevated level of basal autophosphorylation and kinase activity, which could be restored to a low level by incubation with 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). DTT did not, however, affect ligand-stimulated kinase activity. The ability of low concentrations of DTT to deactivate the DIR kinase suggests that, like the mammalian receptor, beta-subunit thiols may be involved in regulation of conformational changes between activated and unactivated receptor states. Interestingly, DTT-induced deactivation of the DIR was blocked by preincubation with an antipeptide antibody against the carboxy-terminal domain of the DIR. This suggests that the DIR carboxyl terminus undergoes a conformational change during the activation-inactivation cycle of the kinase, which can be sterically hindered by the antibody. Conformational changes in this region of the mammalian receptor have been observed, and these data suggest that features of the insulin receptor activation mechanism have been substantially conserved during evolution.
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition prevents microglial plaque association and improves cognition in 3xTg-AD mice (2015)

We find that inhibition of CSF1R alone is sufficient to eliminate microglia and that sustained microglial elimination is concentration-dependent. Inhibition of the CSF1R at lower levels in 3xTg-AD mice prevents microglial association with plaques and improves cognition.
Analysis of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase gene product fromPichia pastoris and determination of its targeting signal (1999)

Acyl-CoA oxidase (Pox1p) is involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and is targeted to the peroxisomal matrix via the use of different signals in various organisms. In rat, mouse and human, Pox1p contains a canonical peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), whereas in the yeasts Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. maltosa and Yarrowia lipolytica neither a PTS1 nor a PTS2 sequence is present, suggesting that Pox1p might be targeted to the peroxisomes via a third unknown pathway. Alternatively, since proteins lacking a PTS sequence can enter peroxisomes in association with other polypeptides containing a PTS, Pox1p might 'piggy-back' its way into the peroxisomal matrix together with other proteins. To understand the mechanism of peroxisomal targeting of a yeast Pox1p, we cloned the Pichia pastoris POX1 gene to study the pathway of import of PpPox1p into peroxisomes. The gene was cloned by PCR, hybridization and plasmid rescue. The 2157 bp gene encodes a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 80 kDa. Antisera against PpPox1p detected a protein specifically induced on oleate with an apparent molecular weight of 72 kDa. Immunolocalization studies confirmed the peroxisomal localization of PpPox1p. The carboxy-terminus of PpPox1p ends with a PTS1-like sequence, APKI. The sequence PKI was necessary for transport of PpPox1p into peroxisomes and interacted with the PTS1 receptor, Pex5p. Furthermore, addition of the sequence APKI to the C-terminus of the green fluorescent protein directed this fusion protein to the peroxisome. Therefore, PpPox1p uses the PTS1 pathway for its import into peroxisomes.
Phase IIa Safety and Immunogenicity of a Therapeutic Vaccine, TA‐GW, in Persons with Genital Warts (1999)

A fusion protein vaccine consisting of human papillomavirus 6 L2E7 with Alhydrogel was developed for the treatment of genital warts. Twenty-seven subjects with genital warts received 3 immunizations over 4 weeks in an open-label study. The vaccine was well-tolerated, and all subjects made serum IgG antibodies, predominantly IgG1, against L2E7. Nineteen of 25 tested persons made antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses to L2E7, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells when cultured with L2E7 in vitro produced both interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-5, although IL-5 predominated after the final vaccination. Five subjects completely cleared warts within 8 weeks. Subjects whose warts were not cleared by 8 weeks were offered conventional therapy. Recurrence of warts was not seen in any of the 13 persons whose warts cleared by vaccine alone or with conventional therapy. While these preliminary results of the use of this therapeutic immunogen are encouraging, proof of efficacy will require randomized double-blind trials.
Enhancing Membrane Permeability by Fatty Acylation of Oligoarginine Peptides (2004)

A systematic study of fatty acylated polyarginines as drug-delivery modules is described. A remarkable uptake was observed when a myristate moiety was incorporated with a 7-mer polyarginine (see scheme). Microscopic studies suggest that the fatty acylated peptide is internalized into the cytoplasm, not the nucleus, thus providing an alternative method for drug delivery. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2004/z400063_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stimulation of Resistance of Immunocompromised Mice by a Muramyl Dipeptide Analog (1982)

L18-MDP(Ala), a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, enhanced resistance against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans infections in aged mice and younger adult mice whose defense mechanism(s) had been depressed by X-ray irradiation or by treatment with cyclophosphamide.
Online Bagging and Boosting (2001)

Abstract Bagging and boosting are well-known ensemble learning methods. They combine multiple learned base models with the aim of improving generalization performance. To date, they have been used primarily in batch mode, and no effective online versions have been proposed. We present simple online bagging and boosting algorithms that we claim perform as well as their batch counterparts.
Load management and high availability in the Medusa distributed stream processing system (2004)

Medusa [3, 6] is a distributed stream processing system based on the Aurora single-site stream processing engine [1]. We demonstrate how Medusa handles time-varying load spikes and provides high availability in the face of network partitions. We demonstrate Medusa in the context of Borealis, a second generation stream processing engine based on Aurora and Medusa.