gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgG subclasses in Lyme borreliosis: a study of specific IgG subclass distribution in an interferon-gamma-predominated disease. (1998)

Lyme borreliosis has shown a T helper type 1 (Th1)-like immune response with high production of interferon-gamma. Since the cytokine environment seems to be important in the regulation of immunoglobulin production and in the switch between different isotypes and subclasses, and since the subclasses of IgG have different functions, we wanted to examine the IgG subclass distribution in Lyme borreliosis. We have developed an ELISA measuring flagellin-specific antibodies of the different IgG subclasses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thirty-five seropositive patients with varying manifestations of Lyme borreliosis were included in the study. According to the results, the predominating subclasses in both serum and CSF were IgG1 and IgG3. In samples taken early in disease this pattern was more pronounced in patients with a subacute disease, defined as recovery within 3 months, compared to patients that later on developed chronic borreliosis. The levels of IgG2 were generally low and IgG4 was below detection level. Thus, in the IFN-gamma-predominated immune response seen in Lyme borreliosis, mainly IgG1 and IgG3 were found, i.e. the subclasses that are complement activating as well as opsonizing in humans. Increased levels of these two subclasses early in disease might contribute to recovery and counteract the development of chronicity. The absence of IgG4 is in accordance with the presumed Th1-like situation of Lyme borreliosis.
Comparison of the Stress‐Intensity and Johnson‐and‐Holloway Criteria for Crack Branching in Rectangular Bars (1987)

The angular and radial dependencies of the mirror‐mist boundaries predicted by the stress‐intensity and Johnson‐and‐Holloway criteria were compared with experimentally determined shapes of the boundaries in rectangular specimens fractured in tension and flexure. The stress‐intensity criterion provided better predictions than the Johnson‐and‐Holloway criterion.
Oxidative stress in systemic lupus erythematosus and allied conditions with vascular involvement (1999)

Oxidative stress may be pathogenetically relevant in some autoimmune rheumatic diseases with vascular involvement. Amelioration of some clinical manifestations of these diseases may be envisaged by targeting lipid peroxidation with dietary or pharmacological antioxidants.
Immunosensing using nanoparticles (2010)

Immunosensing technology is taking advantage of the lastest developments in materials science and inparticular from the nanomaterials field. Because of their unprecedented optical tunability as well as electrical and electrochemical qualities, we are seeing significant developments in the design of novel immunoassays; various conventional optical and electrical platforms which allow for future applications in several fields are being used. Properties of nanoparticles such as light absorption and dispersion are bringing interesting immunosensing alternatives. Nanoparticles are improving the sensitivity of existing techniques used for protein detection in immunoassays based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Fluorescence spectroscopy etc. Electrochemical techniques are also taking advantage of electrical properties of nanoparticles. Redox properties of metal based nanoparticles, surface impedance change and conductance changes once nanoparticles are present as labelling tags or modifiers of transducer surfaces are also improving the technology. In most of the examples nanoparticle based biosensing systems are being offered as excellent screening and superior alternatives to existing conventional strategies/assays with interest for fields in clinical analysis, food quality, safety and security.
Integration of a Miniaturised Triaxial Force Sensor in a Minimally Invasive Surgical Tool (2006)

This paper reports preliminary results on design and fabrication of a cutting tool with an integrated triaxial force sensor to be applied in fetal surgery procedures. The outer diameter of the proposed device is 7.4 mm, but a scaled down design can be easily achieved. Linearity and hysteresis tests have been performed for both normal and tangential loadings. A linear transformation relating the sensor output to the external applied force is introduced and discussed. The typical working range for the conceived instrument is around 0.3 N, while 20 N and 1 N are, respectively, maximum normal and tangential forces for which the device robustness has been assessed.
Gold Nanocages as Photothermal Transducers for Cancer Treatment (2010)

Gold nanocages represent a new class of nanomaterials with compact size and tunable optical properties in the near-infrared region. They passively accumulate in the tumor after intravenous injection. By exposing tumors to a near-infrared diode laser, the photothermal effect of the Au nanocages selectively destroys tumor tissue with minimum damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.
ORNL Superconducting Technology Program for Electric Power Systems: Annual Report for FY 1999 (2000)

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Superconducting Technology Program is conducted as part of a national effort by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to develop the science and technology base needed by U.S. industry for development of electric power applications of high-temperature superconductivity. The two major elements of this program are wire development and applications development. This document describes the major research and development activities for this program together with related accomplishments. The technical progress reported was summarized from recent open literature publications, presentations, and information prepared for the FY 1999 Annual Program Review held July 26-28, 1999. Aspects of ORNL's work that were presented at the International Cryogenic Materials Conference and the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (July 1999) are included in this report, as well. This ORNL program is highly leveraged by the staff and other resources of U.S. industry and universities. In fact, nearly three-fourths of the ORNL effort is devoted to cooperative projects with private companies. Interlaboratory teams are also in place on a number of industry-driven projects. Working group meetings, staff exchanges, and joint publications and presentations ensure that there is technology transfer with U.S. industry. Working together, the collaborative teams are making rapid progress in solving the scientific and technical issues necessary for the commercialization of long lengths of practical high-temperature superconductor wire and wire-using systems.
Noninvasive Visualization of the Activated αvβ3 Integrin in Cancer Patients by Positron Emission Tomography and [18F]Galacto-RGD (2005)

Molecular imaging with [(18)F]Galacto-RGD and PET can provide important information for planning and monitoring anti-angiogenic therapies targeting the alphavbeta3 integrins and can reveal the involvement and role of this integrin in metastatic and angiogenic processes in various diseases.
On the effectiveness of distributed worm monitoring (2005)

Distributed monitoring of unused portions of the IP address space holds the promise of providing early and accurate detection of high-profile security events, especially Internet worms. While this observation has been accepted for some time now, a systematic analysis of the requirements for building an effective distributed monitoring infrastructure is still missing. In this paper, we attempt to quantify the benefits of distributed monitoring and evaluate the practicality of this approach. To do so we developed a new worm propagation model that relaxes earlier assumptions regarding the uniformity of the underlying vulnerable population. This model allows us to evaluate how the size of the monitored address space, as well the number and locations of monitors, impact worm detection time. We empirically evaluate the effect of these parameters using traffic traces from over 1.5 billion suspicious connection attempts observed by more than 1600 intrusion detection systems dispersed across the Internet.

Our results show that distributed monitors with half the allocated space of a centralized monitor can detect non-uniform scanning worms in half the time. Moreover, a distributed monitor of the same size as a centralized monitor can detect the worm four times faster. Furthermore, we show that even partial knowledge of the vulnerable population density can be used to improve monitor placement. Exploiting information about the location of the vulnerable population leads, in some cases, to detection time that is seven times as fast compared to random monitor deployment.
Strategic Database Technology : Management for the Year 2000 (1995)

Drawing upon the know-how of top industry experts, as well as hundreds of other sources, Strategic Database Technology is the only comprehensive guide to emerging database technologies. This single source for IS managers, database administrators, systems analysts, and strategic planners is a concise yet complete presentation of the state-of-the-art technology as well as the latest in research and development efforts. In his eleventh book, Alan Simon, a consultant and leading author of numerous technical and career-oriented books, offers a thorough investigation of the past, present, and likely future of database technology. He teaches readers where and how to invest their time and resources. Simon reveals major trends and developments in databases and MIS that will radically change the way we create, develop, and maintain databases over the next two decades.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in breast and cervical cancer (2006)

20101 Background: EGFR is a tyrosine kinase receptor in the HER family which is widely expressed in a number of epithelial tumors and is believed to play a key role in cell proliferation. Molecular analysis of the EGFR gene in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer have identified a distinct subset of tumors that possess specific point mutations in the tyrosine kinase region of the EGFR gene, which correlate to response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Clinical trials involving TKIs are currently under way for patients with breast and cervical cancer. While responses thus far may have been modest it is unclear whether specific EGFR mutations are present in breast and cervical cancers which identify patients with improved prognosis and better response to therapy in these cancers. Using clinical samples with 5 years of follow-up clinical data, we have set out to determine whether EGFR mutations exist in breast and cervical cancers, and how these mutations, if any, correlate with the clinical data. Methods: We plan to perform sequence analysis of the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene (exons 18–24) in 50 archival breast and 44 cervical cancer specimens using PCR amplification and sequencing of genomic DNA. Clinical information has been extracted from patient charts on samples and will be correlated with the presence of any EGFR mutations identified. Results: To date we have collected 50 breast and 44 cervical tumor blocks and have isolated genomic DNA from the specimens. Sequencing for point mutations in exons 18–24 is underway. Clinical data on the cervical cancer specimens revealed a mean age at diagnosis of 48.2 years, tumor grades that were mostly intermediate (50%) and high (45%), and all FICO stages at diagnosis (43% stage I, 30% stage II, 5% stage III, 5% stage IV). In addition the rate of recurrence was 32%, and survival rate was 82% with an average time of follow-up for the set of 4.9 years. Conclusions: Our data will further elucidate the role of point mutations in EGFR gene in breast and cervical cancer prognosis and response to therapy, and will complement data currently being collected in clinical trials using TKIs. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
In Vivo Structure–Activity Relationships and Optimization of an Unnatural Base Pair for Replication in a Semi-Synthetic Organism (2017)

In an effort to expand the genetic alphabet and create semi-synthetic organisms (SSOs) that store and retrieve increased information, we have developed the unnatural base pairs (UBPs) dNaM and d5SICS or dTPT3 (dNaM-d5SICS and dNaM-dTPT3). The UBPs form based on hydrophobic and packing forces, as opposed to complementary hydrogen bonding, and while they are both retained within the in vivo environment of an Escherichia coli SSO, their development was based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) data generated in vitro. To address the likely possibility of different requirements of the in vivo environment, we screened 135 candidate UBPs for optimal performance in the SSO. Interestingly, we find that in vivo SARs differ from those collected in vitro, and most importantly, we identify four UBPs whose retention in the DNA of the SSO is higher than that of dNaM-dTPT3, which was previously the most promising UBP identified. The identification of these four UBPs further demonstrates that when optimized, hydrophobic and packing forces may be used to replace the complementary hydrogen bonding used by natural pairs and represents a significant advance in our continuing efforts to develop SSOs that store and retrieve more information than natural organisms.
SOAP: short oligonucleotide alignment program (2008)

http://soap.genomics.org.cn.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Regulates Lipolysis in White Adipose Tissue But Is Not Required for Ketogenesis and Triglyceride Clearance in Liver (2009)

Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) are polypeptide growth factors with diverse functions. Fgf21, a unique member of the Fgf family, is expected to function as a metabolic regulator in an endocrine manner. Hepatic Fgf21 expression was increased by fasting. The phenotypes of hepatic Fgf21 transgenic or knockdown mice and high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet-fed mice suggests that Fgf21 stimulates lipolysis in the white adipose tissue during normal feeding and is required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in the liver during fasting. However, the physiological roles of Fgf21 remain unclear. To elucidate the physiological roles of Fgf21, we generated Fgf21 knockout (KO) mice by targeted disruption. Fgf21 KO mice were viable, fertile, and seemingly normal. Food intake, oxygen consumption, and energy expenditure were also essentially unchanged in Fgf21 KO mice. However, hypertrophy of adipocytes, decreased lipolysis in adipocytes, and decreased blood nonesterified fatty acid levels were observed when Fgf21 KO mice were fed normally. In contrast, increased lipolysis in adipocytes and increased blood nonesterified fatty acid levels were observed in Fgf21 KO mice by fasting for 24 h, indicating that Fgf21 stimulates lipolysis in the white adipose tissue during feeding but inhibits it during fasting. In contrast, unexpectedly, hepatic triglyceride levels were essentially unchanged in Fgf21 KO mice. In addition, ketogenesis in Fgf21 KO mice was not impaired by fasting for 24 h. The present results indicate that Fgf21 regulates lipolysis in adipocytes in response to the metabolic state but is not required for ketogenesis and triglyceride clearance in the liver.
Analysis of Decoupled d-q Vector Control in DFIG Back-to-Back PWM Converter (2007)

The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is a 'special' variable speed induction machine and is widely used as modern large wind turbine generators. It is a standard, wound rotor induction machine with its stator windings directly connected to the grid and its rotor windings connected to the grid through an AC/DC/AC PWM converter. The AC/DC/AC converter normally consists of a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter, both of which are controlled by decoupled d- q control approaches. In order to gain proper control of a DFIG and appropriate DFIG integration with the grid, it is important to understand the power control characteristics of the two AC/DC converters. This paper focuses on the analysis of traditional decoupled d-q vector control approaches for control of DFIG wind turbines. A typical d-q control concept that has been used widely in DFIG converter control is reviewed in the paper. Then, detailed study is performed to investigate the power control characteristics of DFIG converter using decoupled d-q control approaches. Deficiencies of conventional d-q control mechanisms are discovered and analyzed both analytically and through computer simulation. An extensive simulation study is performed to examine the power control characteristics of DFIG PWM converter under different d-q control conditions.
Inhibition of Autophagy Enhances Sunitinib-Induced Cytotoxicity in Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (2012)

Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity that mainly targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and recently, it has been shown to be an active agent for the treatment of malignant pheochromocytomas. Previously, we demonstrated that sunitinib directly inhibited mTORC1 signaling in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Although autophagy is a highly regulated cellular process, its relevance to cancer seems to be complicated. It is of note that inhibition of mTORC1 is a prerequisite for autophagy induction. Indeed, direct mTORC1 inhibition initiates ULK1/2 autophosphorylation and subsequent Atg13 and FIP200 phosphorylation, inducing autophagy. Here, we demonstrated that sunitinib significantly increased the levels of LC3-II, concomitant with a decrease of p62 in PC12 cells. Following sunitinib treatment, immunofluorescent imaging revealed a marked increased punctate LC3-II distribution. Furthermore, Atg13 knockdown significantly reduced its protein level, which in turn abolished sunitinib-induced autophagy. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by siRNAs targeting Atg13 or by pharmacological inhibition with ammonium chloride, enhanced both sunitinib-induced apoptosis and anti-proliferation. Thus, sunitinib-induced autophagy is dependent on the suppression of mTORC1 signaling and the formation of ULK1/2-Atg13-FIP200 complexes. Inhibition of autophagy may be a promising therapeutic option for improving the anti-tumor effect of sunitinib.
Integrated stress response is critical for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with marked chemoresistance and a 5-year survival rate of 7%. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a cytoprotective pathway initiated in response to exposure to various environmental stimuli. We used pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) that are highly resistant to gemcitabine (Gem) and an orthotopic mouse model to investigate the role of the ISR in Gem chemoresistance. Gem induced eIF2 phosphorylation and downstream transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP in PCCs, and these effects occurred in an eIF2α-S51 phosphorylation-dependent manner as determined using PANC-1 cells, and wild type and S51 mutant mouse embryo fibroblasts. Blocking the ISR pathway in PCCs with the ISR inhibitor ISRIB or siRNA-mediated depletion of ATF4 resulted in enhanced Gem-mediated apoptosis. Polyribosomal profiling revealed that Gem caused repression of global translation and this effect was reversed by ISRIB or by expressing GADD34 to facilitate eIF2 dephosphorylation. Moreover, Gem promoted preferential mRNA translation as determined in a TK-ATF4 5'UTR-Luciferase reporter assay, and this effect was also reversed by ISRIB. RNA-seq analysis revealed that Gem upregulated eIF2 and Nrf2 pathways, and that ISRIB significantly inhibited these pathways. Gem also induced the expression of the antiapoptotic factors Nupr1, BEX2, and Bcl2a1, whereas ISRIB reduced their expression. In an orthotopic tumor model using PANC-1 cells, ISRIB facilitated Gem-mediated increases in PARP cleavage, which occurred in conjunction with decreased tumor size. These findings indicate that Gem chemoresistance is enhanced by activating multiple ISR-dependent pathways, including eIF2, Nrf2, Nupr1, BEX2, and Bcl2A1. It is suggested that targeting the ISR pathway may be an efficient mechanism for enhancing therapeutic responsiveness to Gem in PDAC.
Practical global illumination with irradiance caching (2008)

Since its invention 20 years ago, irradiance caching has been successfully used to accelerate global illumination computation in the Radiance lighting simulation system. Its widespread use had to wait until computers became fast enough to consider global illumination in production rendering. Since then, its use is ubiquitous. Virtually all commercial and open-source rendering software base the global illumination computation upon irradiance caching. Although elegant and powerful, the algorithm often fails to produce artifact-free images. Unfortunately, practical information on implementing the algorithm is scarce.
Electronic documents and the World Wide Web (1994)

This paper provides an overview of document information structure, describes the World Wide Web project, and then discusses how the Web technologies were used to implement an interactive electronic document.
Pentacene Thin Film Transistors with Various Polymer Gate Insulators (2009)

Organic thin film transistors with a pentacene active layer and various polymer gate insulators were fabricated and their performances were investigated. Characteristics of pentacene thin film transistors on different polymer substrates were investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The pentacene thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation on the gate insulators of various polymers. Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were fabricated as the gate insulator where a pentacene layer was deposited at 40, 55, 70, 85, 100 oC. Pentacene thin films on PMMA showed the largest grain size and least trap concentration. In addition, pentacene TFTs of top-contact geometry are compared with PMMA and <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> as gate insulators, respectively. We also fabricated pentacene TFT with Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Polysturene Sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrode by inkjet printing method. The physical and electrical characteristics of each gate insulator were tested and analyzed by AFM and I-V measurement. It was found that the performance of TFT was mainly determined by morphology of pentacene rather than the physical or chemical structure of the polymer gate insulator