gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Pure Antiandrogen Receptor Blocker, Flutamide, on the Lipid Profile in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1998)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies affecting women of reproductive age; it is associated with hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. This study was designed to assess the long term effects of a pure androgen receptor blocker, flutamide, on the lipid profile in women with PCOS and to examine the possible mechanisms by which androgens may exert their influence. Seventeen women with PCOS (10 obese and 7 lean) were studied. All subjects received a 12-week course of oral flutamide (500 mg/day). The baseline and posttreatment evaluations included lipid profile, androgen levels, insulin sensitivity, and serum catecholamine determinations. The primary outcome was the change in the ratio of low density lipoproteins (LDL) to high density lipoproteins (HDL). Treatment with flutamide was associated with a significant decrease in the LDL/HDL ratio by 23% (P = 0.005), in total cholesterol by 18% (P < 0.0001), in LDL by 13% (P = 0.002), and in triglycerides by 23% (P = 0.002). Flutamide treatment was also associated with a trend toward an increase in HDL (by 14%; P = 0.14). The effects on lipid profile were found regardless of obesity and were not associated with a change in weight. Furthermore, actions of flutamide on lipid metabolism were not associated with significant changes in circulating adrenaline or noradrenaline, glucose metabolism, or insulin sensitivity. This report has demonstrated for the first time that treatment with the pure antiandrogen, flutamide, may improve the lipid profile and that this effect may be due to direct inhibition of androgenic actions.
Supervised Learning of Complete Morphological Paradigms (2013)

We describe a supervised approach to predicting the set of all inflected forms of a lexical item. Our system automatically acquires the orthographic transformation rules of morphological paradigms from labeled examples, and then learns the contexts in which those transformations apply using a discriminative sequence model. Because our approach is completely data-driven and the model is trained on examples extracted from Wiktionary, our method can extend to new languages without change. Our end-to-end system is able to predict complete paradigms with 86.1 % accuracy and individual inflected forms with 94.9 % accuracy, averaged across three languages and two parts of speech. 1
Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants (1965)

Metabolizable energy is defined as the heat of combustion of a feed less the heat of combustion of the faeces, urine and gases which are produced when it is eaten. The losses of energy in faeces and urine can be determined easily in sheep and cattle kept in metabolism cages, but to determine the energy they lose as combustible gas, that is as methane, involves quantitative measurement of the gaseous exchange and the use of much more complex and expensive equipment. Understandably, several attempts have been made to predict the losses of energy as methane by cattle and sheep from knowledge of the amount and type of the food they ingest (Kriss, 1930;
hCEACAM1-4L downregulates hDAF-associated signalling after being recognized by the Dr adhesin of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (2007)

Human decay accelerating factor (hDAF, CD55) and members of the carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecules (hCEACAMs) family are recognized as receptors by Gram-negative, diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (DAEC) strains expressing Afa/Dr adhesins. We report here that hCEACAM1-4L has a key function in downregulating the protein tyrosine Src kinase associated with hDAF signalling. After infecting HeLa epithelial cells stably transfected with hCEACAM1-4L cDNA with Dr adhesin-positive E. coli, the amount of the pTyr(416)-active form of the Src protein decreased, whereas that of the pTyr(527)-inactive form of Src protein did not increase. This downregulation of the Src protein implies that part of the hCEACAM1-4L protein had been translocated into lipid rafts, the protein was phosphorylated at Tyr residues in the cytoplasmic domain, and it was physically associated with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2. Finally, we found that the hCEACAM1-4L-associated SHP-2 was not phosphorylated and lacked phosphatase activity, suggesting that the downregulation of Src protein associated with hDAF signalling results from the absence of dephosphorylation of the pTyr(527)-inactive form necessary for Src kinase activation.
Nfat (2002)

The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins are a family of transcription factors whose activation is controlled by calcineurin, a Ca2+-dependent phosphatase. Originally identified in T cells as inducers of cytokine gene expression, NFAT proteins play varied roles in cells outside of the immune system. This review addresses the recent data implicating NFAT in the control of gene expression influencing the development and adaptation of numerous mammalian cell types.
Toxicological and Local Anaesthetic Effects of Optically Active Isomers of Two Local Anaesthetic Compounds (1972)

Mepivacaine: There was no difference in toxicity between the two optical isomers of mepivacaine after rapid intravenous injections into mice or rats. After slow intravenous injections or after subcutaneous injections the L(+)– isomer however was less toxic than the D(‐) – isomer. This might at least partly be explained by the results obtained from other experiments, which demonstrated that after slow infusions of the drugs into rabbits more L(+)–mepivacaine than D(‐)–mepivacaine was taken up by the lungs, thus reducing the concentration of the drug reaching the brain, where significantly more D(‐)– mepivacaine than L(+)–mepivacaine was found. A slow absorption of L(+)–mepivacaine in comparison with D(‐)–mepivacaine from the site of injection is demonstrated and might contribute to the differences in subcutaneous toxicity and might also be the cause of the significantly longer duration of infiltration anaesthesia by the L(+)–isomer than by the D(‐)–isomer, since the same nerve‐blocking effect of the isomers was found in vitro. Bupivacaine: There were significant differences between the toxicity of the bupivacaine isomers when given intravenously and subcutaneously; the D(+)–isomer was more toxic. This as well as the very long duration of infiltration anaesthesia by L(‐)–bupivacaine indicate differences in absorption rates between the bupivacaine isomers similar to those demonstrated for the mepivacaine isomers.
Integration of gene amplification and capillary gel electrophoresis on a polydimethylsiloxane-glass hybrid microchip (2001)

We report on the development of a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microchip for genetic analysis by functional integration of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and on related temperature control systems for PCR on a PDMS-glass hybrid microchip. The microchip was produced by molding PDMS against a microfabricated master with comparatively simple and inexpensive methods. PCR was successfully carried out on the PDMS-glass hybrid microchip with 500 bp target of lambdaDNA and the amplified gene was subsequently analyzed by CGE on the same PDMS-glass microchip. The chip could be considered as an inexpensive single-use apparatus compared to glass or silicon-made microchips for the same purpose.
A CMOS z-axis capacitive accelerometer with comb-finger sensing (2002)

This paper reports the first design and experimental results of a z-axis accelerometer that utilizes the sidewall capacitance change of multi-conductor comb fingers. The accelerometer has a fully differential capacitive bridge interface and its fabrication is compatible with standard CMOS processes. The frequency response of the accelerometer is characterized both electrically and optically and about 9.3 kHz resonant frequency is measured, which matches MEMCAD simulation within 15%. Measured sensitivity is 0.5 mV/g with less than -40 dB cross-axis sensitivity, noise floor 6 mg/rtHz, and linear range from -27 g to 27 g.
Fujimori's Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America (2004)

Fujimori's Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America. By Charles D. Kenney. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2004. 379p. $60.00 cloth, $30.00 paper. In this book on Peruvian politics, Charles Kenney leaves few stones unturned in analyzing the various factors that led to the suspension of the country's constitution and the disbanding of the legislature by President Alberto Fujimori in April 1992. While I am not entirely convinced that this particular episode in Peruvian politics warrants the book-length treatment that it has received here, Kenney has done a commendable job of locating Peru's “autogolpe” (or civilian-inflicted coup) within the broader literature on the breakdown of democratic regimes in Latin America.
Arylesterase in serum: elaboration and clinical application of a fixed-incubation method. (1979)

A sensitive, specific, and simple method for determining serum or urine arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2) is described. The enzyme acts on phenyl acetate to release phenol, which produces a stable indophenol dye with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium ferricyanide. Arylesterase, a thiol enzyme, is reactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol and by cysteine, but not by reduced glutathione. Calcium is indispensable to stabilize and to activate (Km = 0.85 mmol/L) the enzyme; complete protection is achieved at CaCl2 20 mmol/L. Magnesium acts as a weak (Ki = 116 mmol/L), lanthanum as a potent (Ki = 5 mumol/L) competitive inhibitor. The activity is measured in diluted sera at phenyl acetate 4.0 mmol/L (Km = 1.12 mmol/L), pH 7.8 and 25 degrees C. The normal range extends from 53 to 186 kU/L, and four isoenzymes are present in sera from healthy adults. Arylesterase decreases in hepatic disorders, especially in cirrhosis and carcinoma of the liver, with reduction of the penultimate fraction in polyacryalmide gel electrophoresis.
Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture Using Intelligent Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System (2018)

In recent years, intelligent sensor techniques have achieved significant attention in agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilising limited resources with minor human interference. Currently, plant cultivation using new agriculture methods is very popular among the growers. However, the aeroponics is one of the methods of modern agriculture, which is commonly practiced around the world. In the system, plant cultivates under complete control conditions in the growth chamber by providing a small mist of the nutrient solution in replacement of the soil. The nutrient mist is ejected through atomization nozzles on a periodical basis. During the plant cultivation, several steps including temperature, humidity, light intensity, water nutrient solution level, pH and EC value, CO 2 concentration, atomization time, and atomization interval time require proper attention for flourishing plant growth. Therefore, the object of this review study was to provide significant knowledge about early fault detection and diagnosis in aeroponics using intelligent techniques (wireless sensors). So, the farmer could monitor several paraments without using laboratory instruments, and the farmer could control the entire system remotely. Moreover, the technique also provides a wide range of information which could be essential for plant researchers and provides a greater understanding of how the key parameters of aeroponics correlate with plant growth in the system. It offers full control of the system, not by constant manual attention from the operator but to a large extent by wireless sensors. Furthermore, the adoption of the intelligent techniques in the aeroponic system could reduce the concept of the usefulness of the system due to complicated manually monitoring and controlling process.
mRNA levels for the fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae decrease upon growth on a nonfermentable carbon source. (1983)

The classical, fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which previously was thought to be constitutive, has been shown to be repressed by growth on nonfermentative carbon sources. The rate of alcohol dehydrogenase I protein synthesis declined 6-fold within 3 to 4 after yeast were transferred from medium containing glucose to medium containing ethanol, and it declined 10-fold after glucose became depleted from the medium during diauxic growth. The decreased rate of alcohol dehydrogenase I protein synthesis was shown not to be the result of an increased rate of degradation of the alcohol dehydrogenase I protein. The decline in alcohol dehydrogenase I protein synthesis was correlated with a 6- to 10-fold decrease in the amount of functional alcohol dehydrogenase I mRNA within 3 to 4 h after transfer from glucose-containing medium to medium containing ethanol. A similar decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase I functional mRNA occurred when cells were depleted of glucose by diauxic growth. Total alcohol dehydrogenase I mRNA, as detected by hybridization to the cloned ADC1 gene, was found in the same relative abundance as the amount of translatable alcohol dehydrogenase I mRNA during the different growth conditions. These results suggest that the alcohol dehydrogenase I protein is transcriptionally regulated.
Expression of a Truncated Human Tau Protein Induces Aqueous-Phase Free Radicals in a Rat Model of Tauopathy: Implications for Targeted Antioxidative Therapy (2009)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effect of a truncated form of the human tau protein in the neurons of transgenic rats. Using electron paramagnetic resonance we observed significantly increased accumulation of ascorbyl free radicals in brains of transgenic animals (up to 1.5-fold increase; P < 0.01). Examination of an in vitro model of cultured rat corticohippocampal neurons revealed that even relatively low level expression of human truncated tau protein (equal to 50% of endogenous tau) induced oxidative stress that resulted in increased depolarization of mitochondria (approximately 1.2-fold above control, P < 0.01) and increases in reactive oxygen species (approximately 1.3-fold above control, P < 0.001). We show that mitochondrial damage-associated oxidative stress is an early event in neurodegeneration. Furthermore, using two common antioxidants (vitamin C and E), we were able significantly eliminate tau-induced elevation of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, vitamin C was found to be selective in the scavenging activity, suggesting that expression of truncated tau protein preferentially leads to increases in aqueous phase oxidants and free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Our results suggest that antioxidant strategies designed to treat AD should focus on elimination of aqueous phase oxidants and free radicals.
Controllable Abstractive Summarization (2017)

Current models for document summarization disregard user preferences such as the desired length, style, the entities that the user might be interested in, or how much of the document the user has already read. We present a neural summarization model with a simple but effective mechanism to enable users to specify these high level attributes in order to control the shape of the final summaries to better suit their needs. With user input, our system can produce high quality summaries that follow user preferences. Without user input, we set the control variables automatically. On the full text CNN-Dailymail dataset, we outperform state of the art abstractive systems (both in terms of F1-ROUGE1 40.38 vs. 39.53 and human evaluation).
Architecture Exploration for a Reconfigurable Architecture Template (2005)

Coarse-grained architectures (CGRAs) can be tailored and optimized for different application domains. The vast design space of coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures complicates the design of optimized processors. The goal is to design a domain-specific processor that provides just enough-flexibility for that domain while minimizing the energy consumption for a given level of performance. However, a flexible architecture template and a retargetable simulator and compiler enable systematic architecture exploration that can lead to more efficient domain-specific architecture design. This article presents such an environment and an architecture exploration for a novel CGRA template.
Developments of a Fully Automated Parallel HPLC/Mass Spectrometry System for the Analytical Characterization and Preparative Purification of Combinatorial Libraries (1998)

An automated parallel analytical/preparative HPLC/MS workstation has been developed to increase the analysis speed for characterizing and purifying combinatorial libraries. The system incorporates two columns operated in parallel for both LC/MS analysis and preparative LC/MS purifications (a technique we have named “parallel Analyt/PrepLCMS”). Keys to the successful development of this system have been the design of a multiple sprayer IonSpray interface to support flows from multiple columns and the design of a valving configuration which is under complete software control for delivering the crude samples to the two HPLC columns from a single autosampler. In comparison with the conventional LC/MS systems, where compounds are analyzed sequentially (i.e., one at a time), our parallel Analyt/PrepLCMS system provides an important increase in sample throughput, especially critical in the field of combinatorial chemistry, where compound libraries are generated frequently in parallel arrays and require high-throughout analysis techniques. Minor hardware modifications to the HPLC system were made to facilitate parallel chromatography analyses. By incorporating fast chromatography and mass-based fraction collection on our new parallel Analyt/PrepLCMS system, we demonstrate that more than 200 compounds can be characterized per instrument per day, and more than 200 compounds can be purified per instrument per night. The concept, design, and applications of parallel HPLC/MS to combinatorial libraries are presented and discussed.
Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia (1996)

The specific diagnosis of babesiosis, which is caused by the piroplasm Babesia microti, is made by microscopic identification of the organism in Giemsa-stained thin blood smears, detection of babesial antibody in acute-and convalescent-phase sera, or identification of the organism following the injection of patient blood into laboratory animals. Although rapid diagnosis can be made with thin blood smears, parasites are often not visualized early in the course of infection. PCR is a new, rapid diagnostic technique for the detection of Babesia spp. that has not yet been systematically evaluated. We conducted a blinded study of the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the PCR-based test with patients with babesiosis and a group of asymptomatic subjects residing in a region in southern New England where babesiosis is enzootic. Among 19 patients with recent babesial illness, we found that PCR was as sensitive and specific as the use of Giemsa-stained blood smears and inoculation of hamsters. Among asymptomatic subjects, the PCR result was positive for 3 persons with recent babesial infection and was negative for 41 persons without previous babesial infection. We conclude that the B. microti PCR procedure is sufficiently sensitive, specific, and reproducible for use in the diagnosis of acute babesiosis.
Hypermethioninemia Leads to Fatal Bleeding and Increased Mortality in a Transgenic I278T Mouse Model of Homocystinuria (2020)

Severely elevated plasma homocysteine and methionine lead to thromboembolic events and strokes in homocystinuric (HCU) patients. Mouse models of HCU failed to exhibit prothrombotic phenotype, presumably due to lack of hypermethioninemia. We evaluated the impact of hypermethioninemia together with hyperhomocysteinemia on murine HCU phenotype and compared the efficacy of the current and novel therapies for HCU. High methionine intake decreased survival of I278T mice, which died from intestinal bleeding with hepatic and pancreatic failure. I278T mice on normal or increased methionine intake developed endothelial dysfunction, but paradoxically demonstrated delayed occlusion in an induced arterial thrombosis model. RNA-seq analysis suggested that expression of coagulation factor XI (FXI) is downregulated in livers of I278T mice. Indeed, plasma concentrations of FXI were decreased in I278T mice on normal diet and further reduced by increased methionine intake. Dietary methionine restriction normalized the observed phenotype. Similarly, treatment with OT-58, a novel enzyme therapy for HCU, corrected the phenotype in I278T mice regardless of their dietary methionine intake. Hypermethioninemia does not contribute to prothrombotic phenotype in murine HCU. Downregulation of FXI may contribute to the lack of prothrombotic tendency in I278T mice. Methionine restriction or treatment with OT-58 corrects vascular disease in the I278T mouse model of HCU.
EFFECT OF ZINC SULPHATE AND ZINC METHIONINE ON GROWTH, PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATION, GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR AND INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR‐I GENE EXPRESSION IN MICE (2005)

1. The current experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and zinc methionine (Zn-Met) on growth and their effect on plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration, growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression in mice. 2. Ninety male KunMing (KM) mice were randomly divided into three treatments. The control group was fed on a basal diet containing 11.67 mg/kg of zinc. The ZnSO4 group and Zn-Met group were fed on the diets supplemented with ZnSO4 or Zn-Met at 30 mg/kg (containing zinc of 40.05 and 40.75 mg/kg, respectively). The mice were offered the test diets for 10 days. Weight gains and food intake were measured at the end of the experiment, zinc contents in liver and serum were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry; GH was determined by radioimmunoassay, the levels of GHR and IGF-I mRNA were determined with reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction. 3. Both ZnSO4 and Zn-Met enhanced weight gain and food intake in the mice, Zn-Met improved the growth and food intake more effectively than ZnSO4 did (P < 0.05). The both forms of zinc had no effect on GH and the level of GHR mRNA expression (P > 0.05) and they up-regulated the expression of IGF-I mRNA (P < 0.05). As compared to ZnSO4, Zn-Met enhanced the level of IGF-I mRNA significantly (P < 0.05). 4. Both ZnSO4 and Zn-Met had no effect on plasma GH and the expression of GHR mRNA, but they enhanced the expression of IGF-I mRNA. Zinc methionine enhanced the weight gain and up-regulated IGF-I mRNA expression more effectively than ZnSO4.