gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human interleukin-9: genomic sequence, chromosomal location, and sequences essential for its expression in human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed human T cells (1991)

We have isolated the genomic sequence of human interleukin-9 (IL-9) based on its sequence homology with a human IL-9 cDNA isolated from human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I-transformed T cells by expression cloning. The entire genomic sequence has been determined and the gene consists of five exons and four introns. The human IL-9 gene is mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 5 at band 5q31-32, a region found to be deleted in a number of patients with acquired 5q- abnormalities and hematologic disorders. Several blocks of transcriptional control sequences have been identified at the 5'-flanking region of the human IL-9 gene that may play an important role in the control of IL-9 gene expression. The 5'-regulatory region of the human IL-9 gene also contains sequences identified in the 5'-flanking regions of other cytokine genes mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 5, including IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and other T-cell growth factor genes including IL-2 and IL-6. The IL-9 gene is constitutively expressed in the HTLV-I-transformed human T cells and the expression of IL-9 in these cells can be further induced by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate. Transient transfection analysis using the plasmid containing the 5'-flanking region of IL-9 gene upstream from the firefly luciferase ciferase report gene indicated that the 0.9-kb Smal-Sacl fragment of the IL-9 gene contains sequences required for the constitutive and activated expression of IL-9 gene in HTLV-I-transformed cells. These results will now allow us to study the regulatory mechanism of IL-9 gene expression in normal and leukemic human T cells.
Decontamination of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on selected surfaces by chlorine dioxide gas. (2003)

This work examined the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas for the decontamination of Bacillus thuringiensis spores on paper, wood, epoxy, and plastic surfaces. Spores representing an inoculation level of approximately 6 log colony-forming units (CFU) per surface were treated with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 milligrams per liter (mg/L) ClO2 gas for 12 hours under 85-92 percent relative humidity and at 22 +/- 1 degrees C. Under the tested treatment conditions, the highest population of surviving spores was found on the paper surface and the lowest was found on the plastic surface (p < .05). The 5 mg/L ClO2 gas treatment inactivated 2.5, 3.6, 4.0, and 4.9 log spores per surface on paper, wood, epoxy, and plastic surfaces, respectively. A greater than 5-log reduction of spores was achieved on each surface after the 15 mg/L ClO2 gas treatment. The minimum ClO2 gas concentration needed to completely inactivate the inoculated spores was 30 mg/L for paper and wood surfaces, 25 mg/L for epoxy surfaces, and 20 mg/L for plastic surfaces. The results of this study may provide insight into the parameters of effective decontamination procedures for Bacillus spores.
Aging Reduces the Activation of the mTORC1 Pathway after Resistance Exercise and Protein Intake in Human Skeletal Muscle: Potential Role of REDD1 and Impaired Anabolic Sensitivity (2016)

This study was designed to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the anabolic resistance observed in elderly people. Nine young (22 ± 0.1 years) and 10 older (69 ± 1.7 years) volunteers performed a one-leg extension exercise consisting of 10 × 10 repetitions at 70% of their 3-RM, immediately after which they ingested 30 g of whey protein. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at rest in the fasted state and 30 min after protein ingestion in the non-exercised (Pro) and exercised (Pro+ex) legs. Plasma insulin levels were determined at the same time points. No age difference was measured in fasting insulin levels but the older subjects had a 50% higher concentration than the young subjects in the fed state (p < 0.05). While no difference was observed in the fasted state, in response to exercise and protein ingestion, the phosphorylation state of PKB (p < 0.05 in Pro and Pro+ex) and S6K1 (p = 0.059 in Pro; p = 0.066 in Pro+ex) was lower in the older subjects compared with the young subjects. After Pro+ex, REDD1 expression tended to be higher (p = 0.087) in the older group while AMPK phosphorylation was not modified by any condition. In conclusion, we show that the activation of the mTORC1 pathway is reduced in skeletal muscle of older subjects after resistance exercise and protein ingestion compared with young subjects, which could be partially due to an increased expression of REDD1 and an impaired anabolic sensitivity.
Isolation and characterization of the human apolipoprotein A-I gene. (1983)

We have recently shown that an inherited polymorphism occurring in the human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) gene is related to decreased high density lipoprotein and apo A-I levels in the plasma of two patients with severe premature atherosclerosis. Analysis of the molecular basis of this polymorphism and its possible effects on apo A-I gene expression requires direct comparison of both normal and polymorphic apo A-I alleles. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the normal human apo A-I gene and we show that the gene is interrupted by three intervening sequences, IVS-1, IVS-2, and IVS-3, occurring in the 5' noncoding region of apo A-I mRNA, the mRNA sequence coding for the signal peptide of apo A-I, and the sequence coding for the mature protein, respectively. In addition, the nucleotide sequence analysis of the apo A-I gene allowed determination of the complete amino acid sequence of the primary translation product of apo A-I mRNA. This amino acid sequence consists of 267 residues including a 24-residue-long amino-terminal extension (preprosegment). Finally, we show that the apo A-I gene contains six 66-base-pair-long tandemly repeated DNA segments, which suggests that the gene may have evolved by intragenic duplication events.
Delayed oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated diacyl phospholipids in the presence of plasmalogen phospholipids in vitro (1997)

The oxidative degradation of plasmalogen (alkenylacyl) phospholipids was analysed in the absence and the presence of polyunsaturated ester phospholipids by 1H-NMR and by chemical determination. Brain lysoplasmenylethanolamine (lyso-P-PE), brain P-PE and erythrocyte P-PE, containing an increasing number of intrachain double bonds at sn2, were oxidized with 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH; 2 or 10 mM) in Triton X-100 micelles (detergent/phospholipid 1:5, mol/mol). The formation of two peroxyl radicals was accompanied by the degradation of approx. one molecule of brain lyso-P-PE. On oxidation of brain P-PE or erythrocyte P-PE (320 nmol) with 2 mM AAPH, the (alpha-vinyl) methine 1H signal of the enol ether decreased more rapidly than the methine proton peak of intrachain double bonds. The rate of enol ether degradation increased in the order: erythrocyte P-PE>brain P-PE>brain lyso-P-PE. The disappearance of the polyunsaturated ester phospholipids 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine (16:0/20:4-PC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (16:0/18:2-PC) (100 nmol), as induced by 10 mM AAPH, was nearly completely inhibited by the plasmalogens (25 nmol) in the first 30 and 60 min of incubation respectively, and was delayed at later time points. Plasmalogens and vitamin E (4-25 nmol) mitigated the decreases in 16:0/[3H]20:4-PC (100 nmol) induced by 2 mM AAPH in a similar manner. The initial rate of degradation of intrachain double bonds of 16:0/20:4-PC and 16:0/18:2-PC (320 nmol; 2 mM AAPH) was decreased by 59% and 81% respectively in the presence of 80 nmol of brain lyso-P-PE. In conclusion, plasmalogens markedly delay the oxidative degradation of intrachain double bonds under in vitro conditions. Interactions of enol ether double bonds with initiating peroxyl radicals as well as with products generated by prior oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids are proposed to be responsible for this capacity of plasmalogens. Furthermore, the products of enol ether oxidation apparently do not propagate the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Structural and functional characterisation of recombinant human erythropoietin analogues (1993)

Deletion mutants of a synthetic human erythropoietin-cDNA were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells and products analyzed using Western blots and a cell proliferation assay. Only two mutants with deletions affecting the N-terminal portion and the amino acid sequence 115-121 displayed biological activity. The exchange of hydrophilic, charged amino acids by alanine in two potential alpha-helical regions, the internal amino acid sequence 102-106 and the C-terminal sequence 154-159, causes a 2-11-fold loss of activity. The results suggest that both regions are involved in either maintaining the active structure of the hormone or interacting with the receptor.
The Risk of Sensibilization and Contact Urticaria upon Topical Application of Fumaric Acid Derivatives (1994)

Systemic and sometimes topical therapy with fumaric acid (FA) and its derivatives is used in the treatment of psoriasis. Scattered data show that the topical application of these derivatives elicits side effects. Application of FA and some derivatives on the skin was accompanied by perilesional skin irritation, macular papular rashes and urticarial reactions. In order to determine the irritating and sensitizing properties of FA derivatives we used a cytotoxicity, flank irritation, ear swelling and guinea pig maximization test. The results of the cytotoxicity test demonstrated that dimethylfumarate (DMF) was the most toxic derivative. DMF induced also contact-urticarial reactions in contrast to mono-ethylfumarate (MEF). Challenge experiments with FA, MEF and DMF in MEF- and DMF-sensitized guinea pigs demonstrated that both MEF and DMF are moderate contact sensitizers. In DMF-sensitized animals cross-reactions with MEF were found. As DMF and MEF have cytotoxic, contact-urticarial and/or sensitizing properties, topical application should be avoided.
Interference of Quantum Channels (2003)

We show how interferometry can be used to characterize certain aspects of general quantum processes and, in particular, the coherence of completely positive maps. We derive a measure of coherent fidelity, the maximum interference visibility, and the closest unitary operator to a given physical process under this measure.
Cyclization and Fragmentation of N-Chloro Lactams. The Transannular Synthesis of Bicyclic Lactams with Bridgehead Nitrogen (1971)

High yield peroxide initiated and photochemical conversion of N-chloroazacyclooctanone to 5-chloroazacyclooctanone and of N-chloroazacyclononanone to a mixture of azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-2-one and azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-one is described. N-Chloro-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one gave 4-chlorocyclohexylamine derivatives under similar conditions, while N-chloro-N-methylpentanoamide gave γ-valerolactone. An apparent ionic, silver ion, and base-catalyzed cyclization of N-chloroazacyclononanone was observed.
Molecular Cloning of the Zeta Chain of the T Cell Antigen Receptor (1988)

The T cell antigen receptor is a multi-subunit receptor complex present on the surface of all mature and many developing T cells. It consists of clonotypic heterodimers noncovalently linked to five invariant chains that are encoded by four genes and referred to as the CD3 complex. The CD3 gamma, delta, and epsilon chains have been molecularly characterized. In this report the molecular cloning of a complementary DNA encoding the zeta chain of the murine T cell antigen receptor is described. The predicted protein sequence of the zeta chain suggests a structure distinct from those of any of the previously described receptor subunits.
Substantially Complete Removal of Three Major Allergenic Soybean Proteins (Gly mBd 30K,Gly mBd 28K, and theα-Subunit of Conglycinin) from Soy Protein by Using a Mutant Soybean, Tohoku 124 (1997)

A wild-type soybean contains three major allergenic proteins, Gly m Bd 30K, the α-subunit of conglycinin, and Gly m Bd 28K. A genetically mutated soybean (Tohoku 124), which was originally developed as a cultivar lacking the α- and α'-subunits of conglycinin, was also found to lack Gly m Bd 28K from immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific to Gly m Bd 28K. This finding indicates the possibility to prepare soy milk and soy proteins containing none of the three major allergenic soybean proteins from this cultivar. By applying the previous removal procedure [Samoto et al., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1911-1913 (1996)] to Tohoku 124, the substantially complete removal of the three major allergenic proteins from the soy milk was attained. The removal rates of Gly m Bd 30K, α-subunit of conglycinin, and Gly m Bd 28K were 99.8, 100, and 100%, respectively.
A tolerogenic peptide down‐regulates mature B cells in bone marrow of lupus‐afflicted mice by inhibition of interleukin‐7, leading to apoptosis (2009)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T and B cells. It is characterized by a variety of autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A tolerogenic peptide, designated hCDR1, ameliorated the serological and clinical manifestations of SLE in both spontaneous and induced models of lupus. In the present study, we evaluated the status of mature B cells in the bone marrow (BM) of SLE-afflicted mice, and determined the effect of treatment with the tolerogenic peptide hCDR1 on these cells. We demonstrate herein that mature B cells of the BM of SLE-afflicted (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F(1) mice were largely expanded, and that treatment with hCDR1 down-regulated this population. Moreover, treatment with hCDR1 inhibited the expression of the pathogenic cytokines [interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10], whereas it up-regulated the expression of transforming growth factor-beta in the BM. Treatment with hCDR1 up-regulated the rates of apoptosis of mature B cells. The latter was associated with inhibited expression of the survival Bcl-xL gene and of IL-7 by BM cells. Furthermore, the addition of recombinant IL-7 abrogated the suppressive effects of hCDR1 on Bcl-xL in the BM cells and resulted in elevated levels of apoptosis. Hence, the down-regulated production of IL-7 contributes to the hCDR1-mediated apoptosis of mature B cells in the BM of SLE-afflicted mice.
Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: Report of a task force of the american society for bone and mineral Research (2010)

Reports linking long-term use of bisphosphonates (BPs) with atypical fractures of the femur led the leadership of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) to appoint a task force to address key questions related to this problem. A multidisciplinary expert group reviewed pertinent published reports concerning atypical femur fractures, as well as preclinical studies that could provide insight into their pathogenesis. A case definition was developed so that subsequent studies report on the same condition. The task force defined major and minor features of complete and incomplete atypical femoral fractures and recommends that all major features, including their location in the subtrochanteric region and femoral shaft, transverse or short oblique orientation, minimal or no associated trauma, a medial spike when the fracture is complete, and absence of comminution, be present to designate a femoral fracture as atypical. Minor features include their association with cortical thickening, a periosteal reaction of the lateral cortex, prodromal pain, bilaterality, delayed healing, comorbid conditions, and concomitant drug exposures, including BPs, other antiresorptive agents, glucocorticoids, and proton pump inhibitors. Preclinical data evaluating the effects of BPs on collagen cross-linking and maturation, accumulation of microdamage and advanced glycation end products, mineralization, remodeling, vascularity, and angiogenesis lend biologic plausibility to a potential association with long-term BP use. Based on published and unpublished data and the widespread use of BPs, the incidence of atypical femoral fractures associated with BP therapy for osteoporosis appears to be very low, particularly compared with the number of vertebral, hip, and other fractures that are prevented by BPs. Moreover, a causal association between BPs and atypical fractures has not been established. However, recent observations suggest that the risk rises with increasing duration of exposure, and there is concern that lack of awareness and underreporting may mask the true incidence of the problem. Given the relative rarity of atypical femoral fractures, the task force recommends that specific diagnostic and procedural codes be created and that an international registry be established to facilitate studies of the clinical and genetic risk factors and optimal surgical and medical management of these fractures. Physicians and patients should be made aware of the possibility of atypical femoral fractures and of the potential for bilaterality through a change in labeling of BPs. Research directions should include development of animal models, increased surveillance, and additional epidemiologic and clinical data to establish the true incidence of and risk factors for this condition and to inform orthopedic and medical management.
New Molecules and Strategies in the Field of Anticancer Agents (2004)

The conventional chemotherapy is mostly based on the evidence that proliferating cells are more sensitive to anticancer agents than non-dividing cells. This is the main reason why these compounds are not tumour specific and their selectivity is generally in favour of rapidly growing cells (haematopoietic or intestine. i.e.) rather than discriminating against any fundamental biological difference between normal and tumour cells. The critical issue is at present to identify how tumour cells differ from normal cells and how those differences can be exploited therapeutically for designing and synthesising new drugs with a selective mechanism of action and thus with an improved therapeutic index. This topic and the strategies to identify these new targets will be discussed in details in the review. The expanding knowledge on molecular biology of cancer cells has allowed in the last years the identification of different molecular pathways altered in cancer that could be exploited as potential therapeutic targets. For most of the pathways previously disclosed it has been a problem to develop selective molecules with a relevant clinic impact. To target those specific genetics defects, different kind of molecules (antibodies, “antisense oligonucleotides”, short peptides and small molecules) have been made and some of them are currently under investigation. This review will be focused mainly on three different classes of compounds: I. Compounds designed to hit or inhibit crucial molecular targets. II. Novel DNA minor groove binders. III. Products of marine origin that exhibit novel mode of action. Keywords: new anticancer drugs, cancer chemotherapy target oriented drugs, minor groove binders, dna interacting agents
JAM-C Induces Endothelial Cell Permeability Through Its Association and Regulation of β 3 Integrins (2009)

The regulation of EC junctional integrity involves the coordinated and dynamic modification of localization and activity of junctional stabilizers such as the integrin beta(3) and the destabilizer, JAM-C.
Membrane bending energy concept of vesicle‐ and cell‐shapes and shape‐transitions (1994)

The main objective of this lecture is to discuss the role of lipid-bilayer elasticity (1) for the self-organization of lipid/protein-bilayers (2) for the stabilization of domain structures and shapes of cell membranes and (3) for the control of shape transitions (e.g. bud- and pit-formation) and shape instabilities (vesicle fission). It is demonstrated that many complex shape transitions of cell membranes can be mimicked by single lipid bilayer vesicles by simply varying the area-to-volume ratio or by chemically induced bending moments suggesting that these processes are governed by the universal minimum bending energy concept of closed shells composed of stratified membranes. The essential role of the coupling between curvature and phase separation in mixed membranes for the formation and stabilization of local pits and buds or the fission of budded vesicles is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the consequences of the pronounced thermally excited bending undulations of the hyperelastic membranes for the membrane tension, the material exchange at membrane surfaces and the control of the adhesion of vesicles (or cells) on solid substrates.
Power density minimization for highly-associative caches in embedded processors (2006)

Caches are essential components in embedded processors, taking up a significant fraction of the chip area and power. As a result of the relatively large size and infrequent activity, leakage power of caches is becoming an important problem. There exist a number of power density minimization schemes that distribute the activity evenly among computational entities, thereby lowering the temperature to reduce the leakage power. In this paper, we first present various power density minimization schemes for highly-associative caches in embedded processors via access distribution. It is then suggested that they should be used in conjunction with other power-down techniques to be more effective. We show that conventional power-down techniques for on-chip caches can be suboptimal if thermal effects are ignored, and propose a thermal-aware power-down technique that minimizes power density of the active parts. Simulations based on MediaBench, NetBench, and MiBench applications in a 70nm technology show that the proposed thermal-aware schemes can improve leakage power savings of a conventional power-down technique by 8.5% on average, and up to 23%.
IDENTITY OF NEOSAMINE C, “DIAMINOHEXOSE II” FROM ZYGOMYCIN A, AND 2,6-DIAMINO-2,6-DIDEOXY-D-GLUCOSE (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIDENTITY OF NEOSAMINE C, "DIAMINOHEXOSE II" FROM ZYGOMYCIN A, AND 2,6-DIAMINO-2,6-DIDEOXY-D-GLUCOSEKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., Martin Hichens, Klaus Striegler, Karen R. Rover, Townley P. Culbertson, Sueo Tatsuoka, Satoshi Horii, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Hiromu Hitomi, and Akira MiyakeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 13, 2964–2965Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01474a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01474a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts