gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytophotometric DNA measurements in medullary thyroid carcinoma (1990)

The prognostic significance of objectively measured karyometric variables (ploidy pattern, nuclear roundness, area, elongation, chromatin texture, and nearest nucleus distance) was investigated in relation to clinical (stage and type of disease) and morphologic (histologic patterns) variables in 27 patients with the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The DNA and karyometric measurements of Feulgen-stained nuclei were made with a video cytometry system. The five-year and ten-year adjusted survival rates were 74.4 +/- 10.1% and 59.5 +/- 15.6%, respectively. Cox's survival analysis for mortality showed that only stage, age, sex, and 5N exceeding rate had predictive value (overall P = 0.0012) in decreasing order. Patients with the best prognosis were young females with clinical Stage I disease and low 5N exceeding rate tumors. When karyometric and histometric variables were considered by themselves survival correlates with the standard deviation (SD) of the nearest nuclear distance and nuclear elongation; that is, patients with crowded, high cellularity tumors and elongated cells had the worst prognosis. In univariate analyses only clinical stage correlated with adjusted survival rate. Multivariate survival analysis for morbidity showed that patients in Stages greater than or equal to II and high SD of ploidy values were free of symptoms for short intervals. When morphometric data were considered alone, patients with high variance in the chromatin texture and highly variable nuclear areas had shorter asymptomatic intervals.
Detection of 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA by Transferring a Keto‐Glucose by Using T4 Phage β‐Glucosyltransferase (2011)

Capture with ketone: 5-Hydroxylmethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA can be selectively labeled with a keto-glucose and subsequently linked to biotin via a ketoxime linker for enrichment and detection/sequencing purposes (see scheme). Keto-glucose can be more efficiently transferred than azide-glucose by β-glucosyltransferase, and can provide single-base resolution detection/ sequencing of 5-hmC. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Correction of SMN2 Pre-mRNA splicing by antisense U7 small nuclear RNAs (2005)

Mutations in one of the duplicated survival of motor neuron (SMN) genes lead to the progressive loss of motor neurons and subsequent development of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a common, and usually fatal, hereditary disease. Homozygous absence of the telomeric copy (SMN1) correlates with development of SMA because differential splicing of the centromeric copy (SMN2) leads to exon 7 skipping and predominantly produces a biologically inactive protein isoform. To increase exon 7 inclusion of SMN2, we have designed a series of vectors that express modified U7 snRNAs containing antisense sequences complementary to the 3' splice site of SMN exon 8. Over 20 anti-SMN U7 snRNAs were tested for their ability to promote exon 7 inclusion in the SMN2 gene. Transient expression of anti-SMN U7 snRNAs in HeLa cells modulated SMN2 splicing to approximately 70% exon 7 inclusion in a sequence-specific and dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the administration of anti-SMN U7 snRNPs results in an increase in the concentration of SMN protein. These results suggest that modulation of SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing by modified U7 snRNAs provides a promising form of gene therapy for the treatment of SMA.
The Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclodextrins As Scaffolds and Templates for Molecular Diversity, Catalysis, and Inclusion Phenomena (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclodextrins As Scaffolds and Templates for Molecular Diversity, Catalysis, and Inclusion PhenomenaStephen Hanessian, Aziza Benalil, and Craig LaferriereCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 15, 4786–4797Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00120a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00120a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2015Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression in prostatic hyperplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma. (1996)

Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been shown to act as a chemokine in the recruitment of monocyte/macrophages during inflammation states. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that MCP-1 is involved in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages. In vivo, one of the major cellular sources of MCP-1 are the smooth muscle cells. As MCP-1 gene expression and/or protein production in these cells is not necessarily correlated with the accumulation of inflammatory cells, there might possibly be additional functions of this cytokine. In the present study, we investigated by use of 35S-labeled antisense RNA probes whether the MCP-1 gene is expressed in tissue specimens of benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 13) and specimens of prostate carcinoma (n = 8), both of which are characterized by a prominent fibromuscular stroma and inconspicuous inflammatory infiltrates. MCP-1 transcripts were located in stromal smooth muscle cells and, additionally, in basal cells of benign prostatic glands. In prostate carcinoma, the number of MCP-1 mRNA-expressing cells was significantly less than in benign prostatic hyperplasia. MCP-1 transcripts were located in preserved fibromuscular stroma and in basal cells of entrapped non-neoplastic glands but not in carcinomatous cells. Immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal antibodies raised against MCP-1 revealed strong reactivity in the fibromuscular stroma surrounding both benign and malignant glands. MCP-1 gene expression or immunoreactivity for anti-MCP-1 antibodies was not related to the rare, lymphocytic interstitial infiltrates. The results show that 1) in the absence of significant leukocyte accumulation, it is unlikely that MCP-1 exerts chemotactic functions in the prostate and 2) that MCP-1, in contrast to previous findings in a wide variety of other human neoplasms, is not expressed in carcinomatous cells of the prostate.
Controlled formation of metallic nanoballs during plasma electrolysis (2007)

Formation of spherical nanoparticles (hereafter “nanoballs”) in a gas/liquid mixed dual phase system during plasma electrolysis is reported. A gas/vapor sheath is formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface when the applied voltage is high enough to induce discharge plasma. Through this nonequilibrium process, the authors have produced Ni, Ti, Ag, and Au metallic nanoballs from the cathode mother materials with a certain size controllability. The electrode surface is partially melted by the local current concentration induced by electrothermal instability followed by an immediate cooldown, yielding nanoballs without contamination from electrolyte.
Serum HCV RNA Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Given a Second Course of Interferon alpha-2b Treatment after Relapse following Initial Treatment (1993)

10 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who previously had responded temporarily to 9 months interferon alpha-2b treatment with normalization of ALT levels during treatment but later relapse were given a second 6-month treatment course. All patients were positive for anti-HCV by a second generation ELISA confirmed by second generation RIBA and positive for HCV RNA in serum before retreatment with interferon. Serum HCV RNA titers and ALT levels were monitored before, during and after treatment. ALT levels fell significantly from mean 1.95 mu kat/l before treatment to mean 0.96 and 0.85 mu kat/l after 4 and 24 weeks treatment, respectively (p < 0.005-p < 0.009). Six patients had normal ALT levels (< 0.07 mu kat/l) at treatment stop. 12 weeks post treatment cessation, however, the mean ALT level, 2.29 mu kat/l, was not significantly changed from the pretreatment level and all patients had raised ALT levels. The mean pretreatment HCV RNA titer in serum 10(5) (range 10(7)-10(3.5)) fell in all patients to mean 10(1.3) (range 10(3)-10(0)) already after 4 weeks treatment and became undetectable at treatment cessation in 5 patients, of whom 4 had normal ALT levels. ALT levels, however, were also normal in 2/5 patients who continued to have detectable HCV RNA titers at treatment cessation. After treatment was stopped HCV RNA titers rose again and 12 weeks post treatment the mean titer was 10(4.7) (range 10(3.5)-10(5.5)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
783. Calciferol and its relatives. Part II. An alternative synthesis of trans-1-2′-cyclohexylidene-ethylidene-2-methylenecyclohexane (1956)

B. Lythgoe, S. Trippett and J. C. Watkins, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4060 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004060
Detection of CPG methylations in human mismatch repair gene hMLH1 promoter by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) (2000)

Objectives: To develop a novel method to detect CpG methylation by DHPLC. Methods: After DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite, mismatch repair gene hMLHl promoter was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DHPLC was used to separate the PCR products at their partially denaturing temperatures. BstUI digestion assay was also used for comparison study. Results: A 294bp band was obtained by PCR after each DNA samples of colon cancer cell line RKO and gastric cancer cell line PACM82. These two bands could be separated completely by DHPLC at 53°C (retention time 6.7 min for RKO vs. 6.2 min for PACM82). We concluded that the hMLHl promoter in RKO cells is methylated, while PACM82 is not methylated, since methylation can protect the conversion of C to T and keep higher C/G content after bisulfite treatment, leading to the delayed time. These results consistent with those from BstUI digestion assay. Conclusion: Methylation in CpG islands of hMLHl could be detected conveniently by DHPLC after bisulfite modification.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fibrin Glue vs. Conventional Treatment for Anal Fistula (2002)

No advantage was found for fibrin glue over fistulotomy for simple fistulas, but fibrin glue healed more complex fistulas than conventional treatment and with higher patient satisfaction.
The Architecture of the high performance storage system (HPSS) (1998)

The rapid growth in the size of datasets has caused a serious imbalance in I/O and storage system performance and functionality relative to application requirements and the capabilities of other system components. The High Performance Storage System (HPSS) is a scalable, next-generation storage system that will meet the functionality and performance requirements of large-scale scientific and commercial computing environments. Our goal is to improve the performance and capacity of storage systems by two orders of magnitude or more over what is available in the general or mass marketplace today. We are also providing corresponding improvements in architecture and functionality. This paper describes the architecture and functionality of HPSS. Introduction The rapid improvement in computational science, processing capability, main memory sizes, data collection devices, multimedia capabilities, and integration of enterprise data are producing very large datasets. These datasets range fro...
Metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA expression in the basal ganglia of the rat (1994)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) couple the actions of glutamate to intracellular second messenger systems through G-proteins. The mGluRs play an important role in the regulation of basal ganglia function. Ligand binding studies have revealed that the basal ganglia contain at least two pharmacological types of metabotropic binding sites. Agonists of mGluRs can affect both in vitro electrophysiologic responses of striatal neurons and motor behavior in vivo. Recently, cDNAs encoding five mGluRs have been cloned, each with distinct structural and pharmacological properties. In order to elucidate the function of these receptors in the biology of the extrapyramidal motor system, we have used in situ hybridization to examine the regional and cellular expression patterns of mGluR1-mGluR5 in the adult rat basal ganglia. In the striatum, all of these mGluRs were present in widely varying relative densities and cellular patterns. MGluR5 was particularly prominent, and exhibited a heterogeneous cellular distribution, with labeled and unlabeled populations of neurons. MGluR2 was expressed in a small population of large polygonal striatal neurons. The subthalamic nucleus was the only other basal ganglia structure that expressed mGluR2. Distinct cellular distributions of mGluR expression were also observed within the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, and substantia nigra pars reticulata. MGluR3 was expressed in glia in all basal ganglia structures, but was observed in neurons only in the striatum, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and very weakly in the subthalamic nucleus. Comparison of the restricted mGluR2 and mGluR3 mRNA distributions with that of metabotropic ligand binding sites supports a possible presynaptic location for these receptors in the basal ganglia. MGluR1 was the only mGluR message prominently expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in the regulation of dopamine release from nigrostriatal terminals.
Purification of Heparan Sulfate D-Glucosaminyl 3-O-Sulfotransferase (1996)

The cellular generation of proteoglycans with anticoagulant heparan sulfate (HSPGact) is determined by microsomal "HSact conversion activity" that functions in concert with the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to convert nonanticoagulant heparan sulfate (HSinact) to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (HSact) (Shworak, N. W., Fritze, L. M. S., Liu, J., Butler, L. D., and Rosenberg, R. D. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 27063-27071). Suspension cultures of L-33(+) cells in serum-free medium produce HSPGact and secrete HSact conversion activity. The secreted protein exhibiting HSact conversion activity was isolated by subjecting large volumes of conditioned suspension culture medium to heparin-AF Toyopearl affinity chromatography, Mono Q-FPLC, TSK SW3000-HPLC, and 3',5'-ADP-agarose affinity chromatography. The final product was purified approximately 700,000-fold relative to cellular material with a 5% overall recovery of HSact conversion activity. The isolated protein migrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a broad band of Mr = 46,000 and co-migrated on nondenaturing acidic pH gel electrophoresis with HSact conversion activity. The purified component was identified as heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase because it transferred sulfate from [35S]PAPS to the 3-O-position of D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine 6-O-sulfate of HSact precursor and HSinact precursor to produce nearly equivalent amounts of labeled HSact and HSinact. The exhaustive modification of wild-type LTA cell [35S]HS with either microsomal HSact conversion activity or purified enzyme increased HSact content from 9 to approximately 36%, which indicates that microsomal HSact conversion activity predominantly reflects the level of a 3-O-sulfotransferase that converts HSact precursor into HSact. The kinetic parameters of purified 3-O-sulfotransferase were determined for modification of HSact precursor and HSinact precursor. The apparent KM* and Vmax* with respect to PAPS concentration for sulfation of HSact precursor and HSinact precursor were 2.4 microM and 23 fmol of sulfate/min/ng of enzyme and 2.1 microM and 38 fmol of sulfate/min/ng of enzyme, respectively. There was substrate inhibition of the sulfation reaction at elevated HS concentration. The apparent KM* and Vmax* with respect to GAG concentration for sulfation of HSact precursor and HSinact precursor were 16 nM and 120 fmol of sulfate/min/ng of enzyme and 17 nM and 240 fmol of sulfate/min/ng of enzyme, respectively. The observation that purified 3-O-sulfotransferase catalyzes sulfation of HSact precursor and HSinact precursor in conjunction with a documented discordant regulation of 3-O-sulfate content in HSinact and HSact suggests that two discrete forms of the enzyme may exist.
Patency of Wallstents placed across the venous anastomosis of hemodialysis grafts after percutaneous recanalization. (1998)

After angioplasty failure or vessel perforation, Wallstent placement at the venous anastomosis of recanalized PTFE grafts can salvage hemodialysis access function. The results of this study indicate that the 1-year secondary patency rate of these grafts is 50%, which approaches the reported rates of patency after balloon dilation as part of percutaneous graft recanalization.
Canine Adenovirus Vectors: an Alternative for Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer (2000)

Preclinical studies have shown that gene transfer following readministration of viral vectors is often inefficient due to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Vectors derived from ubiquitous human adenoviruses may have limited clinical use because preexisting humoral and cellular immunity is found in 90% of the population. Furthermore, risks associated with the use of human adenovirus vectors, such as the need to immunosuppress or tolerize patients to a potentially debilitating virus, are avoidable if efficient nonhuman adenovirus vectors are feasible. Plasmids containing recombinant canine adenovirus (CAV) vectors from which the E1 region had been deleted were generated and transfected into a CAV E1-transcomplementing cell line. Vector stocks, with titers greater than or equal to those obtained with human adenovirus vectors, were free of detectable levels of replication-competent CAV and had a low particle-to-transduction unit ratio. CAV vectors were replication defective in all cell lines tested, transduced human-derived cells at an efficiency similar to that of a comparable human adenovirus type 5 vector, and are amenable to in vivo use. Importantly, 49 of 50 serum samples from healthy individuals did not contain detectable levels of neutralizing CAV antibodies.
Detection of vapor emitting source (2002)

We present two new methods for (binary) detection of vapor emitting source using an array of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. The first method is an application of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) principle. The second method exploits the simple concept of signal power thresholding (SPT). We show that the SPT method is much more efficient in computation and much more accurate in detection than the MAP method as well as the modified generalized likelihood ratio (MGLR) methods by Nehorai et al. (see Transactions on Signal Processing, v.43, no.1, p.243-53, 1995).
Laser Doppler perfusion imaging by dynamic light scattering (1993)

Imaging of tissue perfusion is important in assessing the influence of peripheral vascular disease on microcirculation. This paper reports on a laser Doppler perfusion imaging technique based on dynamic light scattering in tissue. When a laser beam sequentially scans the tissue (maximal area approximately 12 cm *12 cm), moving blood cells generate Doppler components in the back-scattered light. A fraction of this light is detected by a remote photodiode and converted into an electrical signal. In the signal processor, a signal proportional to the tissue perfusion at each measurement point is calculated and stored. When the scanning procedure is completed, the system generates a color-coded perfusion image on a monitor. A perfusion image is typically built up of data from 4,096 measurement sites, recorded during a time period of 4 min. This image has a spatial resolution of about 2 mm * 2 mm. A theory for the system inherent amplification factor dependence on the distance between individual measurement points and detector is proposed and correction measures are presented. The performance of the laser Doppler perfusion imager was evaluated using a flow simulator. The correlation coefficient between the estimated flow parameter and the perfusion through a mechanical flow simulator was calculated to r = 0.996. To assess the sampling depth of the laser beam, light scattering in tissue was simulated by a Monte Carlo technique. The average sampling depth for skin tissue was calculated to 200-240 microns, depending on the blood content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anti-tumor activity of Origanum oil in vitro. (2010)

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of Origanum oil on three types of tumor cell lines in vitro.Method MTT assay was used to test the inhibitory effect of Origanum oil on different types of tumor cell lines in vitro with different concentration and IC50 was calculated.Result After Origanum oil treatment,the human hepatoma cell line HepG2,human cervical cancer cell line JTC-26 and lung cancer cell line A549 occurred proliferation blocking.The IC50 of Oregano oil for the liver cancer line HepG2,human cervical cancer cell line JTC-26 and lung cancer cell line A549 were 118 μg/ml,118 μg/ml and 59 μg/ml respectively by MTT method.Conclusion Oregano oil has anti-tumor activity in vitro.
Transfer of Genes to Humans: Early Lessons and Obstacles to Success (1995)

Enough information has been gained from clinical trials to allow the conclusion that human gene transfer is feasible, can evoke biologic responses that are relevant to human disease, and can provide important insights into human biology. Adverse events have been uncommon and have been related to the gene delivery strategies, not to the genetic material being transferred. Human gene transfer still faces significant hurdles before it becomes an established therapeutic strategy. However, its accomplishments to date are impressive, and the logic of the potential usefulness of this clinical paradigm continues to be compelling.
Introduction to haptic rendering (2005)

For a long time, human beings have dreamed of a virtual world where it is possible to interact with synthetic entities as if they were real. To date, the advances in computer graphics allow us to see virtual objects and avatars, to hear them, to move them, and to touch them. It has been shown that the ability to touch virtual objects increases the sense of presence in virtual environments [Insko 2001].