gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay of Arginine Vasopressin in Human Plasma (1971)

A sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for the measurement of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in plasma is described. Vasopressin has been extracted from plasma by adsorption to Florisil followed by elution with acidacetone. Assay of serial dilutions of such extracts shows that they behave in the assay system in the same way as synthetic AVP standards. Recovery of added vasopressin from plasma averaged 45.7±8.1 % (sd). Plasma AVP concentration (uncorrected for recovery) in mildly dehydrated subjects ranged from less than 1 to 4.3 pg/ml, and showed a good correlation with plasma osmolality. After nicotine, concentrations up to 21.8 pg/ml were found, and in 4 subjects with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion levels ranged from 24.0 to 102.1 pg/ml.
Structure and function of natural and synthetic signalling molecules in parasitic weed germination (2009)

The structures of naturally occurring germination stimulants for seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga spp. and Orobanche spp. are described. The bioactiphore in this strigolactone family of stimulants is deduced from a structure-activity relationship and shown to reside in the CD part of the stimulant molecule. A molecular mechanism for the initial stages of seed germination is proposed. The influence of stereochemistry on the stimulant activity is significant. Combining this molecular information leads to a model for the design of synthetic strigolactones. Nijmegen-1 is a typical example of a highly active, newly designed synthetic stimulant. The occurrence of natural stimulants not belonging to the strigolactone family, such as cotylenin and parthenolide, is briefly described. The biosynthesis of natural strigolactones from beta-carotene is analysed in terms of isolated and predicted stimulants. This scheme will be helpful in the search for new strigolactones from root exudates. Protein fishing experiments to isolate and characterise the receptor protein using biotin-labelled GR 24 are described. A receptor protein of 60 kD was identified by this method. Nijmegen-1 has been tested as a suicidal germination agent in field trials on tobacco infested by Orobanche ramosa L. The preliminary results are highly rewarding. Finally, some future challenges in synthesis are described. These include synthesising new natural and synthetic stimulants and establishing the molecular connection between strigolactones as germination stimulants, as the branching factor for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and as an inhibitor of shoot branching.
P4‐177: Assessing immune‐related oxidative stress and proteomics in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2008)

The progressive loss of functional capacity within the immune system, termed “immunosenescence,” is associated with the pathogenesis of age-related diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and muscular/skeletal disorders, and leads to a greater susceptibility to infections, tumors and possibly cancer. Recent studies associate immunosenescence with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and propose that it may be a key contributor to AD pathogenesis. Oxidative stress, which is a pathological hallmark of AD, may also play a role in immunosenescence however, the exact mechanisms governing this phenomenon are not understood. The work presented herein employs a mouse model to investigate the molecular pathways associated with declines in the immune functions in AD. An initial survey of changes in the following oxidative stress markers has been measured in spleens isolated from AD animals and age-matched controls: protein carbonyls and 3-nitrotyrosine bound proteins, which are markers of protein oxidation, and 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal bound proteins, which is a marker for lipid peroxidation. Extracted proteins were derivatized with a fluorescent hydroxylamine label prior to two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF/SDS PAGE) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in order to detect individual proteins that have been oxidized through protein carbonyls. Image analysis software was used to identify protein spots that display significant changes in expression and/or oxidative modification. These spots were excised, digested with trypsin and subjected to mass spectrometry and database searching analyses for protein identification. The measurements described above determined if significant increases in protein oxidation correlated with age-related decreases in the immune functions of these animals. In addition, specific protein pathways that are associated with premature immunosenescence in AD and immune-related oxidative stress are revealed. Overall, preliminary results obtained from these analyses will be presented as well as potential protein pathways associated with immunosenescence in AD. These studies may provide insights into the pathogenesis of premature immunosenescence in AD that may lead to potential preventative treatment of immunosenescence and/or AD. This work was supported in part by NIH (NIA) grants to D.A.B. and by the Lyman T. Johnson Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of the University of Kentucky.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of genes purH and purD involved in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis of Escherichia coli (1989)

5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (EC 6.3.4.13) and 5'-phosphoribosyl 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.3) are enzymes involved in the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis and are encoded by purD and purH genes of Escherichia coli, respectively. A 3535-nucleotide sequence containing the purHD locus and the upstream region of the rrnE gene was determined. This sequence specifies two open reading frames, ORF-1 and ORF-2, encoding proteins with the expected Mr of 57,329 and 46,140, respectively. The plasmids carrying ORF-1 complemented not only the mutant cells defective in purH of E. coli but also the cells of Salmonella typhimurium lacking the activity of IMP cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.10) which catalyzes the conversion of 5'-phosphoribosyl 5-formylaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide to IMP. The E. coli purH gene, therefore, specifies bifunctional 5'-phosphoribosyl 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide transformylase-IMP cyclohydrolase. The plasmids carrying ORF-2 were able to complement the mutant cells defective in purD. Both purH and purD genes constitute a single operon and are coregulated in expression by purines as other purine genes are. A highly conserved 16-nucleotide sequence termed the PUR box (Watanabe, W., Sampei, G., Aiba, A., and Mizobuchi, K. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 198-204; Tiedeman, A.A., Keyhani, J., Kamholz, J., Daum, H. A., III, Gots, J.S., and Smith, J.M. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 205-212) was found in the control region of the purHD operon and compared with the sequences of the control regions of other purine operons.
The Peripheral Nerve Allograft (1987)

Regeneration across the nerve allograft in the immunosuppressed host was assessed using electrical and histologic parameters. The Lewis rat (RTIl) served as the recipient animal, and ACI rats (RTIa) provided the donor nerve allografts. Hydrocortisone and azathioprine were used in various dose schedules as the immunosuppressive agents. Animals were immunosuppressed for either 30 or 100 days. Histologic and electrophysiologic measurements of nerve regeneration were assessed at 30, 100, and 180 days. The degree of nerve regeneration was similar in all experimental groups. Short-term, low-dose immunosuppression was as successful as longer-term, higher-dose immunosuppression therapy. The degree of nerve regeneration in all experimental groups was significantly better than that in the fresh, untreated nerve allograft control group (Lewis/ACI) but was not as good as that seen in the autograft control group (Lewis/Lewis).
Atorvastatin prevents ATP-driven invasiveness via P2X7 and EHBP1 signaling in PTEN-expressing prostate cancer cells (2014)

Epidemiological studies indicate that statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, prevent aggressive prostate cancer and other types of cancer. Employing essentially non-prostate cell lines, we previously showed that statins rapidly downregulate nuclear levels of phosphorylated Akt via P2X7, a purinergic receptor recently implicated in invasive growth. Here, we present studies on phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-positive prostatic cells. We document an involvement of EH domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1), previously associated with aggressive prostate cancer and insulin-stimulated trafficking and cell migration, in P2X7 signaling. We also show that EHBP1 is essential for an anti-invasive effect of atorvastatin. Furthermore, EHBP1 interacted with P-Rex1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor previously implicated in invasive growth. Mevalonate did not prevent this anti-invasive effect of atorvastatin. These data indicate that atorvastatin modulates invasiveness via P2X7, EHBP1 and P-Rex1. Interestingly, the interaction between EHBP1 and P-Rex1 was not induced by extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the endogenous P2X7 ligand, and statins counteracted invasiveness stimulated by extracellular ATP. In support of these experimental data, a population-based genetic analysis showed that a loss of function allele in the P2X7 gene (rs3751143) associated with non-aggressive cancer, and the common allele with aggressive cancer. Our data indicate a novel signaling pathway that inhibits invasiveness and that is druggable. Statins may reduce the risk of aggressive prostate cancer via P2X7 and by counteracting invasive effects of extracellular ATP.
Selective oxidation of AlInN layers for current confinement in III–nitride devices (2005)

Highly selective oxidation of an AlInN interlayer buried in a GaN matrix is demonstrated. This technique was successfully applied to form current apertures in III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs). GaN LEDs were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy with a lattice-matched AlInN layer inserted in the n-doped region of the device. Mesas were etched by Cl2∕Ar reactive ion etching to give access to the AlInN sidewalls. The sample was then oxidized anodically in a nitrilotriacetic acid solution. Using this technique, the AlInN layer was oxidized laterally up to 22μm deep while the surrounding GaN layers were kept unaffected. It was subsequently demonstrated that the oxidized AlInN layers are insulating and are therefore suitable for lateral current confinement in optoelectronic devices.
Diode Opening Switch Based Nanosecond High Voltage Pulse Generators for Biological and Medical Applications (2007)

Studies of short (few ns) pulse cell electroperturbation require high-voltage nanosecond pulses delivered to low-impedance (10 Omega) electroporation cuvette loads. Here we present two pulse generators for these applications. The generators comprise of three stages of pulse modulation: an LC resonant stage switched by IGBT/MOSFET; a magnetic pulse compression stage; and a diode opening switch output stage. The all-solid-state design results in reproducible pulses and reliable, long-life operation. Pulses produced by the LC resonant stage are compressed using nonlinear properties of the magnetic material. The compressed pulses are fed to the diode opening switch, which is constructed by series and parallel connecting ordinary automotive rectifying diodes. Two versions of the pulse generator are described: The first version is capable of generating 20 ns wide, 4.5 kV amplitude pulses of 20 Hz repetition rate. A second version generates 5 ns, 7.5 kV amplitude pulses into the same 10 Omega cuvette load.
Protein Interactions during the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus Life Cycle (2017)

Protein-protein interactions govern biological functions in cells, in the extracellular milieu, and at the border between cells and extracellular space. Viruses are small intracellular parasites and thus rely on protein interactions to produce progeny inside host cells and to spread from cell to cell. Usage of host proteins by viruses can have severe consequences <i>e.g.</i> apoptosis, metabolic disequilibria, or altered cell proliferation and mobility. Understanding protein interactions during virus infection can thus educate us on viral infection and pathogenesis mechanisms. Moreover, it has led to important clinical translations, including the development of new therapeutic and vaccination strategies. Here, we will discuss protein interactions of members of the <i>Flaviviridae</i> family, which are small enveloped RNA viruses. Dengue virus, Zika virus and hepatitis C virus belong to the most prominent human pathogenic <i>Flaviviridae</i> With a genome of roughly ten kilobases encoding only ten viral proteins, <i>Flaviviridae</i> display intricate mechanisms to engage the host cell machinery for their purpose. In this review, we will highlight how dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus proteins engage host proteins and how this knowledge helps elucidate <i>Flaviviridae</i> infection. We will specifically address the protein composition of the virus particle as well as the protein interactions during virus entry, replication, particle assembly, and release from the host cell. Finally, we will give a perspective on future challenges in <i>Flaviviridae</i> interaction proteomics and why we believe these challenges should be met.
The proprotein convertases and their implication in sterol and/or lipid metabolism (2006)

The proprotein convertases represent a family of nine proteinases, comprising seven basic amino acid-specific subtilisin-like serine proteinases related to yeast kexin, known as PC1/3, PC2, furin, PC4, PC5/6, PACE4 and PC7, and two other subtilases that cleave at non-basic residues, called SKI-1/S1P and NARC-1/PCSK9. The present review concentrates on the regulatory role played by some of these convertases in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Thus, PC5/6, PACE4 and Furin upregulate high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels via the inactivation of endothelial and lipoprotein lipases. The SKI-1/S1P-directed cleavage of membrane-bound transcription factors known as sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1 and SREBP-2) results in upregulation of the synthesis of sterols, lipids and the LDL receptor (LDLR). Finally, PCSK9 downregulates the protein levels of the LDLR by enhancement of its intracellular metabolic pathway in subcellular acidic compartments.
Arenavirus reverse genetics for vaccine development (2013)

Arenaviruses are important human pathogens with no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed vaccines available and current antiviral therapy being limited to an off-label use of the nucleoside analogue ribavirin of limited prophylactic efficacy. The development of reverse genetics systems represented a major breakthrough in arenavirus research. However, rescue of recombinant arenaviruses using current reverse genetics systems has been restricted to rodent cells. In this study, we describe the rescue of recombinant arenaviruses from human 293T cells and Vero cells, an FDA-approved line for vaccine development. We also describe the generation of novel vectors that mediate synthesis of both negative-sense genome RNA and positive-sense mRNA species of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) directed by the human RNA polymerases I and II, respectively, within the same plasmid. This approach reduces by half the number of vectors required for arenavirus rescue, which could facilitate virus rescue in cell lines approved for human vaccine production but that cannot be transfected at high efficiencies. We have shown the feasibility of this approach by rescuing both the Old World prototypic arenavirus LCMV and the live-attenuated vaccine Candid#1 strain of the New World arenavirus Junín. Moreover, we show the feasibility of using these novel strategies for efficient rescue of recombinant tri-segmented both LCMV and Candid#1.
Deconvolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of urinary organic acids - potential for pattern recognition and automated identification of metabolic disorders (1999)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS) is applied to a selection of data files obtained from the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of urinary organic acids. Mass spectra obtained after deconvolution are compared with a special user library containing both the mass spectra and retention indices of ethoxime-trimethylsilyl (EO-TMS) derivatives of a set of organic acids. Efficient identification of components is achieved and the potential of the procedure for automated diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism and for related research is demonstrated.
Enhanced energy aware scheduling in multicore processors (2018)

As the performance of modern multi-core processors is significantly increases, the total energy consumption in the systems also increases drastically. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is considered as one of the efficient schemes for achieving the aim of energy saving. In this paper, we consider scheduling a task set, whose release times, deadlines and execution requirements are given, on DVFS-enabled multi-core processor system. Our main aim is to meet the execution requirements of all the tasks, and to minimizethe overall energy consumption on the processor with effective utilization of resources. Instead of seeking optimal solutions with high complexity, we aim to design algorithms suitable for real-time systems, with good performances. We come up with a simple algorithm for task scheduling and energy awareness by considering deadline constraint. We further consider the distribution of deadline and task scheduling, which guarantee that all tasks meet their execution requirements, and tries to minimize the overall energy consumption. Case based simulations for various applications and task characteristics and evaluations using a practical processor’s power configuration indicate that our proposed algorithm has a less energy consumption performance and good resource utilization in terms of saving processor energy, though it has low complexity. Besides, the proposed algorithm is easy to be implemented in practical systems.
Blood and plasma glutathione measured in healthy subjects by HPLC: relation to sex, aging, biological variables, and life habits (1995)

We report an HPLC method for measuring the concentrations of reduced (GSH) and total (GSHt) free glutathione in human plasma and whole blood. The chromatographic step was coupled with a postcolumn derivatization reaction and fluorometric detection. The linear range was 0.81-13.02 mumol/L, and the detection limit was 0.13 mumol/L. In healthy adults (ages 18-73 years), mean concentrations were 941 +/- 155 mumol/L for GSHt and 849 +/- 63 mumol/L for GSH in blood (107 men, 94 women), and 3.39 +/- 1.04 mumol/L for GSH in plasma (66 men, 58 women). Blood GSHt but not GSH was significantly lower in children (32 boys, 32 girls: 872 +/- 157 mumol/L) than in adults. Blood GSHt and GSH appeared to be correlated positively with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the regular practice of physical exercise, and negatively with alcohol abstinence. We observed positive correlations between blood GSHt and cholesterol and calcium concentrations, and between blood GSH and cholesterol concentration.
[Analysis of salt resistance on the poplar transferred with salt tolerance gene]. (2002)

Poplar(Pupulus x Xiao zhannica, cv. "balizhuang-yang") transferred with mtl-D gene was used as an experimental material. Through tissue culture, aquaculture and pot culture transgenic poplars are tested with variant Nacl salt gradient. In it transgenic poplar raises its initial days for differentiation, differentiation rate, bud intensity, bud height and growth potential than control plant. At the same time, the transgenic poplar has higher rooting rate and more top roots, side roots and higher root length than control under the same salt stress. The result shows that the transgenic poplar has better tolerance ability than control plant in the salt 4@1000 contensity mediums.
Growth of SiO 2 at Room Temperature with the Use of Catalyzed Sequential Half-Reactions (1997)

Films of silicon dioxide (SiO2) were deposited at room temperature by means of catalyzed binary reaction sequence chemistry. The binary reaction SiCl4 + 2H2O --> SiO2 + 4HCl was separated into SiCl4 and H2O half-reactions, and the half-reactions were then performed in an ABAB ellipsis sequence and catalyzed with pyridine. The pyridine catalyst lowered the deposition temperature from >600 to 300 kelvin and reduced the reactant flux required for complete reactions from approximately 10(9) to approximately 10(4) Langmuirs. Growth rates of approximately 2.1 angstroms per AB reaction cycle were obtained at room temperature for reactant pressures of 15 millitorr and 60-second exposure times with 200 millitorr of pyridine. This catalytic technique may be general and should facilitate the chemical vapor deposition of other oxide and nitride materials.
Inhibition of Vesivirus Infections in Mammalian Tissue Culture with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers (2001)

Caliciviruses infect and cause disease in animals and humans. They are nonenveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 7.5 kb that encodes viral proteins in three open reading frames (ORF). Antisense oligomers targeting one of the three ORF of caliciviruses of the genus Vesivirus significantly inhibit viral replication in tissue culture. Porcine kidney and African green monkey kidney cells were infected with Vesivirus isolates SMSV-13 and PCV Pan-1. Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) with sequence complementary to the AUG translation start site regions of ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 were evaluated for their effect on viral titer. Scrape-loading delivered PMO to 50%-70% of the cells of the two cell lines, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A PMO targeting ORF3 caused a significant increase in viral titer. A PMO targeting ORF2, a scrambled PMO control sequence, and an unrelated PMO antisense sequence did not alter viral titer. Various PMO sequences antisense to an upstream region of ORF1 were effective in reducing viral titer up to 80% in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. The extent of viral titer reduction was proportional to the delivery of PMO to cells. These observations demonstrate that antisense PMO can disrupt caliciviral gene function in a nucleic acid sequence-specific manner and are potentially effective antiviral agents.