gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of the renal nerves in established two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension. (1982)

Increased sympathetic nervous system activity has been demonstrated in established twokidney, one clip hypertension in the rat.To determine the importance of the renal nerves in this model of hypertension, renal denervation of the clipped kidney (n = IS), renal denotation of the nondlpped kidney (n = 14), sham operation (n = 20), or undlpping (n = 12) was carried out 6 weeks after the onset of two-kidney, one clip hypertension.Nortnotensive age-and sex-matched rats were used as controls (n » 10).Sham operation or renal denerration of the nonclipped kidney produced no change in systolic Mood pressure while renal denervation of the clipped kidney resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (195 ± 7 to 150 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.01).Unclipping lowered systolic Mood pressure to normotensive levels (126 ± 5 mm Hg).Eight days after operation, plasma norepinephrine and mean arterial pressure before and after ganglionic blockade with 30 mg/kg hexamethonium bromide were measured in conscious unrestrained resting animals as indices of peripheral sympathetic nervous system activity.Plasma norepinephrine was significantly higher in hypertensive sham-operated rats (347 ± 26 pg/ml) and nondipped-kidney denervated rats (355 ± 27 pg/ml) compared to nonnotensive controls (228 ± 22 pg/ml) (p < 0.01).Both renal denervation of the clipped kidney and unclipping restored plasma norepinephrine to normal levels (215 ± 16 and 232 ± 19 pg/ml, respectively).Ganglionic blockade in hypertensive sham-operated and nondipped-kidney denervated animals resulted in a significantly greater decrease in mean arterial pressure than that which occurred in clipped-kidney denervated, undipped, or control rats.There was no difference in plasma renln activity, dipped-kidney renln activity, or blood pressure response to 250 fig SQ 20,881 administration among sham-operated, dipped-kidney deoervated, or nondipped-kidney denervated animals.The data indicate that the depressor effect of dipped kidney denervation or undipping in the two-kidney, one dip hypertensive rat is associated with a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity.These results support the hypothesis that the afferent renal nerves contribute to the maintenance of hypertension in this model by modulating the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.(Hypertension 4 (suppl II): II-166-II-174, 1982) KEY WORDS • rat • two-kidney, one dip hypertension • renal nerves • sodium balance • creatinine dear an ce • plasma norepinepfarine • ganglionic blockade • bexametbonium bromide • undipping • SQ 20,881 • plasma renln activity • kidney renln activityW HILE increased activity of the renin-an- giotensin system has been implicated in the initial hypertensive response to clipping of the renal artery in a one-kidney or twokidney rat, the renin-angiotensin system appears to play a diminishing role as hypertension becomes established in these models. 1 -* Although there have been some reports to the contrary, there is increasing
Collection of suspended particles in a drop using low frequency vibration (2010)

Particle collection at low frequencies has been erstwhile demonstrated with dry particles and particles floating on the liquid surface. Nevertheless, the ability to collect suspended particles in a fluid offers arguably wider usage in the context of microfluidic or “lab-on-a-chip” systems. This is demonstrated here via an approach of vibrating a droplet to form resonant shapes on the liquid-gas interface. This results in particles ranging in size from 40 to 120 μm being collected predominantly at the solid-liquid interface due to a hydrodynamic focusing mechanism that develops through multiple cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catecholamines in a Semi‐Rigid Framework: Synthesis and Biological Activities of N‐Substituted 1‐Aminomethyl‐5,6‐ and 6,7‐Dihydroxyisochromans. (1987)

Abstract Title compounds of type (I) (40‐71%) and (II) (38‐70%) are synthesized by O‐demethylation of the corresponding dimethyl ethers with BBr 3 and screened for their pharmacological activity.
Two dimensional electron gases induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in undoped and doped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures (2000)

Two dimensional electron gases in AlxGa1−xN/GaN based heterostructures, suitable for high electron mobility transistors, are induced by strong polarization effects. The sheet carrier concentration and the confinement of the two dimensional electron gases located close to the AlGaN/GaN interface are sensitive to a large number of different physical properties such as polarity, alloy composition, strain, thickness, and doping of the AlGaN barrier. We have investigated these physical properties for undoped and silicon doped transistor structures by a combination of high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Hall effect, and capacitance–voltage profiling measurements. The polarization induced sheet charge bound at the AlGaN/GaN interfaces was calculated from different sets of piezoelectric constants available in the literature. The sheet carrier concentration induced by polarization charges was determined self-consistently from a coupled Schrödinger and Poisson equation solver for pseudomorphically and partially relaxed barriers with different alloy compositions. By comparison of theoretical and experimental results, we demonstrate that the formation of two dimensional electron gases in undoped and doped AlGaN/GaN structures rely both on piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization induced effects. In addition, mechanisms reducing the sheet carrier concentrations like nonabrupt interfaces, dislocations, and the possible influence of surface states on the two dimensional electron gases will be discussed briefly.
Spherical cap dielectric resonator antenna usingaperture coupling (1994)

The broadside fundamental mode of a spherical cap dielectric resonator antenna using aperture coupling is investigated. The new configuration offers a wider bandwidth than the previous configuration which used a hemispherical DR antenna. The return loss, radiation characteristics and antenna gain of the new configuration are studied.
Factor VIII–Mimetic Function of Humanized Bispecific Antibody in Hemophilia A (2016)

Once-weekly subcutaneous administration of emicizumab markedly decreased the bleeding rate in patients who had hemophilia A with or without factor VIII inhibitors. (Funded by Chugai Pharmaceutical; JapicCTI number, 121934.).
Multisite phosphorylation of the glycogen‐binding subunit of protein phosphatase‐1G by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (1989)

The glycogen-binding (G) subunit of protein phosphatase-1G is phosphorylated stoichiometrically by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), and with a greater catalytic efficiency than glycogen synthase, but only after prior phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase) at site 1. The residues phosphorylated are the first two serines in the sequence AIFKPGFSPQPSRRGS-, while the C-terminal serine (site 1) is one of the two residues phosphorylated by A-kinase. These findings demonstrate that (i) the G subunit undergoes multisite phosphorylation in vitro; (ii) phosphorylation by GSK3 requires the presence of a C-terminal phosphoserine residue; (iii) GSK3 can synergise with protein kinases other than casein kinase-2.
The Structural Basis of the Thermostability of SP1, a Novel Plant (Populus tremula) Boiling Stable Protein (2004)

We previously reported on a new boiling stable protein isolated from aspen plants (Populus tremula), which we named SP1. SP1 is a stress-related protein with no significant sequence homology to other stress-related proteins. It is a 108-amino-acid hydrophilic polypeptide with a molecular mass of 12.4 kDa (Wang, W. X., Pelah, D., Alergand, T., Shoseyov, O., and Altman, A. (2002) Plant Physiol. 130, 865-875) and is found in an oligomeric form. Preliminary electron microscopy studies and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments showed that SP1 is a dodecamer composed of two stacking hexamers. We performed a SDS-PAGE analysis, a differential scanning calorimetric study, and crystal structure determination to further characterize SP1. SDS-PAGE indicated a spontaneous assembly of SP1 to one stable oligomeric form, a dodecamer. Differential scanning calorimetric showed that SP1 has high thermostability i.e. Tm of 107 degrees C (at pH 7.8). The crystal structure of SP1 was initially determined to 2.4 A resolution by multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion method from a crystal belonging to the space group I422. The phases were extended to 1.8 A resolution using data from a different crystal form (P21). The final refined molecule includes 106 of the 108 residues and 132 water molecules (on average for each chain). The R-free is 20.1%. The crystal structure indicated that the SP1 molecule has a ferredoxin-like fold. Strong interactions between each two molecules create a stable dimer. Six dimers associate to form a ring-like-shaped dodecamer strongly resembling the particle visualized in the electron microscopy studies. No structural similarity was found between the crystal structure of SP1 and the crystal structure of other stress-related proteins such as small heat shock proteins, whose structure has been already determined. This structural study further supports our previous report that SP1 may represent a new family of stress-related proteins with high thermostability and oligomerization.
Mild Method for Ullmann Coupling Reaction of Amines and Aryl Halides (2003)

[reaction: see text] Ullmann-type aryl amination of aryl iodides and aryl bromides in DMSO at 40-90 degrees C gave the corresponding N-arylamines or N,N-diarylamines in good to excellent yields by using either N-methylglycine or L-proline as the ligand.
Alterations in Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Across Waking and Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Depression (2005)

The smaller decrease in frontal metabolism from waking to NREM sleep in depressed patients is further evidence for a dynamic sleep-wake alteration in prefrontal cortex function in depression. Hypermetabolism in a ventral emotional neural system during waking in depressed patients persists into NREM sleep.
Intravenous TAT–Bcl‐Xl is protective after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice (2002)

The delivery of proteins across the blood-brain barrier is severely limited by the proteins' size and biochemical properties. Eleven-amino acid human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein is able to cross cell membranes even when coupled with larger peptides. We evaluated whether TAT-Bcl-X(L) fusion protein is protective in focal ischemia. Mice underwent 30 or 90 minutes of intraluminal middle cerebral artery thread occlusion. TAT-Bcl-X(L), TAT-beta-galactosidase, or TAT-GFP (0.6 nmol each) were applied intravenously over 10 minutes either 1 hour before or immediately after ischemia. Additional animals received no TAT protein infusions. We show that the brain tissue is progressively transduced with TAT proteins within 3 to 4 hours after intravenous delivery. We provide evidence that TAT-Bcl-X(L) treatment reduces infarct volume and neurological deficits after long ischemic insults lasting 90 minutes, when applied both before and after ischemia. After short insults, lasting only 30 minutes, TAT-Bcl-X(L) further diminishes the number of caspase-3-reactive and DNA fragmented cells and increases the number of viable neurons in the striatum. Our results indicate that TAT fusion proteins are elegant and powerful tools that might be of clinical interest for stroke treatment, because factors may be intravenously applied. Thus, fusion proteins may open fascinating perspectives for future research.
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Stroke Patients (2005)

A clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of CPAP in improving stroke outcome is warranted from a cost-effectiveness standpoint.
Overexpression of taurine transporter in Chinese hamster ovary cells can enhance cell viability and product yield, while promoting glutamine consumption (2010)

Transporters mediate the uptake of nutrients such as amino acids and the excretion of metabolites. The fact that transporters play crucial roles in regulating cell metabolism suggests that they might be useful targets for cell engineering to enhance the yield and/or quality of monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced by CHO cells. The taurine transporter (TAUT) is stably expressed in CHO-DXB11 cells and is upregulated late in the culture period. We found that forcing the overexpression of TAUT delayed apoptotic cell death, extending the culture period. Thus, under fed-batch small-culture conditions, CHO cells that expressed pHyg-TAUT plasmid (TAUT/CHO cells), but not those that contained the null plasmid pHyg (HYG/CHO cells), produced more MAb (P < 0.01) and less lactate (P < 0.05). In a 1-L bioreactor, a representative high-yield TAUT/CHO cell line (T10) showed >80% viability for more than 1 month and a 47% increase in medium MAb concentration. In T10 cells, the upregulation of TNF-α mRNA (an apoptosis marker) and the accumulation of ammonia late in the culture period were suppressed. Moreover, if an excess of taurine was added, T10 cells efficiently consumed glutamine but not other amino acids, so T10 cells may have gained a glutamine transporter-like function. Because a considerable amount of metabolic energy is derived from glutamine, this active glutamine consumption in T10 cells might be a reason for the improved cell viability and MAb concentration. These results demonstrate that forcing the overexpression of TAUT in CHO cells can enhance cell culture performance and increase MAb titer.
Correlation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression on proliferating brain capillary endothelial cells with the malignant phenotype of astroglial cells. (1991)

Human glioblastomas (five of five), the most malignant astroglial-derived tumors, specifically express a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is recognized by monoclonal antibody 9.2.27 and localized to the glioma cell surface, proliferating endothelial cells, and the perivascular extracellular matrix within the tumor bed. In contrast, the expression of this proteoglycan in normal adult neocortex and white matter is limited to the smooth muscle of small arteries, while normal glia, endothelial cells, and endothelial cell basement membranes are nonreactive. Moreover, two anaplastic astrocytomas, representing medium-grade astroglial-derived tumors, fail to react with monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. In culture, glioblastoma and capillary brain endothelial cells specifically synthesize a 250-kDa core protein and a high-molecular-mass chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, recognized by monoclonal antibody 9.2.27. These data suggest a correlation between the expression of this chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan on proliferating brain capillary endothelial cells and the malignant phenotype of astroglial cells. The prominent perivascular localization of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan makes it a marker for both proliferating brain capillary endothelial cells and the most malignant transformed astroglial cells, thus providing an ideal target for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma.
Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Is Correlated Directly with Serum LDL Cholesterol (2007)

PCSK9 is present in human serum, likely not associated with specific lipoprotein particles. The circulating concentrations of human PCSK9 are directly correlated with LDL and total cholesterol concentrations.
Modulation of Gene Expression by Lentiviral-Mediated Delivery of Small Interfering RNA (2003)

RNA interference (RNAi) mediates sequence-specific posttranscriptional gene silencing triggered by double-stranded RNA. RNAi is an effective tool for functional genomics in C. elegans, whereas biochemical characteristics of RNAi hamper its use in mammalian cells. We here analyze kinetic and quantitative aspects of mammalian RNAi in different cell lines using novel lentiviral constructs with double H1-shRNA expression cassettes located in the U3 region of the LTR. Using enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as a target gene for RNAi and red fluorescence protein (RFP) as surrogate marker for intracellular siRNA expression, we show that long-term siRNA expression mediates stable RNAi. Furthermore, RNAi-induced gene silencing varies from minimal to complete loss-of-function phenotypes within homogeneous and between different cell populations. Interestingly, the extent of gene silencing correlates to lentiviral integrations as well as siRNA expression levels in target cells. Finally, we demonstrate functional gene silencing of a cytokine receptor gene in normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. These data suggest that the use of suitable lentiviral constructs to quantify siRNA expression in living cells may allow analysis of loss-of-function phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner in a wide variety of target cells.
Lactococci and lactobacilli as mucosal delivery vectors for therapeutic proteins and DNA vaccines (2011)

Food-grade Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have been safely consumed for centuries by humans in fermented foods. Thus, they are good candidates to develop novel oral vectors, constituting attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens, for mucosal delivery strategies. Herein, this review summarizes our research, up until now, on the use of LAB as mucosal delivery vectors for therapeutic proteins and DNA vaccines. Most of our work has been based on the model LAB Lactococcus lactis, for which we have developed efficient genetic tools, including expression signals and host strains, for the heterologous expression of therapeutic proteins such as antigens, cytokines and enzymes. Resulting recombinant lactococci strains have been tested successfully for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects in different animal models: i) against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-induced tumors in mice, ii) to partially prevent a bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-allergic reaction in mice and iii) to regulate body weight and food consumption in obese mice. Strikingly, all of these tools have been successfully transposed to the Lactobacillus genus, in recent years, within our laboratory. Notably, anti-oxidative Lactobacillus casei strains were constructed and tested in two chemically-induced colitis models. In parallel, we also developed a strategy based on the use of L. lactis to deliver DNA at the mucosal level, and were able to show that L. lactis is able to modulate the host response through DNA delivery. Today, we consider that all of our consistent data, together with those obtained by other groups, demonstrate and reinforce the interest of using LAB, particularly lactococci and lactobacilli strains, to develop novel therapeutic protein mucosal delivery vectors which should be tested now in human clinical trials.
Hypoxia-induced Protein Binding to O2-responsive Sequences on the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene (1995)

We reported recently that the gene that encodes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, is regulated by hypoxia in the dopaminergic cells of the mammalian carotid body (Czyzyk-Krzeska, M. F., Bayliss, D. A., Lawson, E. E. & Millhorn, D. E. (1992) J. Neurochem. 58, 1538-1546) and in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells (Czyzyk-Krzeska, M. F., Furnari, B. A., Lawson, E. E. & Millhorn, D. E. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 760-764). Regulation of this gene during low O2 conditions occurs at both the level of transcription and RNA stability. Increased transcription during hypoxia is regulated by a region of the proximal promoter that extends from -284 to + 27 bases, relative to transcription start site. The present study was undertaken to further characterize the sequences that confer O2 responsiveness of the TH gene and to identify hypoxia-induced protein interactions with these sequences. Results from chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays identified a region between bases -284 and -150 that contains the essential sequences for O2 regulation. This region contains a number of regulatory elements including AP1, AP2, and HIF-1. Gel shift assays revealed enhanced protein interactions at the AP1 and HIF-1 elements of the native gene. Further investigations using supershift and shift-Western analysis showed that c-Fos and JunB bind to the AP1 element during hypoxia and that these protein levels are stimulated by hypoxia. Mutation of the AP1 sequence prevented stimulation of transcription of the TH-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene by hypoxia.
Ceramide Inhibits Antigen Uptake and Presentation by Dendritic Cells (1996)

Ceramides are intramembrane diffusible mediators involved in transducing signals originated from a variety of cell surface receptors. Different adaptive and differentiative cellular responses, including apoptotic cell death, use ceramide-mediated pathways as an essential part of the program. Here, we show that human dendritic cells respond to CD40 ligand, as well as to tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β, with intracellular ceramide accumulation, as they are induced to differentiate. Dendritic cells down-modulate their capacity to take up soluble antigens in response to exogenously added or endogenously produced ceramides. This is followed by an impairment in presenting soluble antigens to specific T cell clones, while cell viability and the capacity to stimulate allogeneic responses or to present immunogenic peptides is fully preserved. Thus, ceramide-mediated pathways initiated by different cytokines can actively modulate professional antigen-presenting cell function and antigen-specific immune responses.
Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants (2001)

Drought limits the agricultural production by pr eventing the crop plants from expressing their full genetic potential. Three mechanisms, namely drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance are involved in drought resistance. Various morphological, physiological and biochemical characters confer drought resistance. Morphological and physiological characters show different types of i nheritance pattern (monogenic and polygenic) and gene action (additive and non-additive), whereas the genes responsible for biosynthesis of different co mpatible solutes have been identified and cloned from plants, yeast, mouse and human. Different breeding approaches for drought resistance have emerged, with their merits and demerits. Efficient screening techniques are pre-requisite for success in selecting desirable genotype through any breeding programme. Genetic engineering has been successfully applied to identify and transfer different genes r esponsible for biosynthesis of different metabolites such as proline, trehalose and polyamines from different organisms to crop plants through a targeted approach. Barley hva1 gene responsible for late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins has been transferred to rice to produce drought-resistant transgenics through a shotgun approach. Lack of multidisciplinary approach and precise screening techniques, incomplete knowledge about genetic basis of drought resistance, negative correlation of drought resistance traits with productivity and unavailability of appropriate genes to obtain transgenic plants are the main constraints for genetic improvement of drought resistance. Exploration of wide genetic variation of relevant characters, consider ation of more genes at a time to transfer through breeding or genetic engineering method, application of antisense RNA technique, assessment of polype ptides induced under drought and multidisciplinary approach should be included in the future research programmes for drought resistance.