gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoimmobilization of organophosphorus hydrolase within a PEG‐based hydrogel (1999)

Organophosphorous hydrolase (OPH) was physically and covalently immobilized within photosensitive polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels. The hydroxyl ends of branched polyethylene glycol (b-PEG, four arms, MW = 20,000) were modified with cinnamylidene acetate groups to give water-soluble, photosensitive PEG macromers (b-PEG-CA). The b-PEG-CA macromers underwent photocrosslinking reaction and formed gels upon UV irradiation (>300 nm) in the presence of erythrosin B. Native OPH was pegylated with cinnamylidene-terminated PEG chains (MW = 3400) to be covalently linked with the b-PEG-CA macromers during photogelation. The effect of pegylation on the stability of the enzyme was determined. Furthermore, the effect of enzyme concentration, wavelength of irradiation, and photosensitizer on the stability of the entrapped enzyme was also investigated. The pegylated OPH was more stable than the native enzyme, and the OPH-containing gels exhibited superior stability than the soluble enzyme preparations. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 579–588, 1999.
Multimodal Mean Adaptive Backgrounding for Embedded Real-Time Video Surveillance (2007)

Automated video surveillance applications require accurate separation of foreground and background image content. Cost sensitive embedded platforms place realtime performance and efficiency demands on techniques to accomplish this task. In this paper we evaluate pixel-level foreground extraction techniques for a low cost integrated surveillance system. We introduce a new adaptive technique, multimodal mean (MM), which balances accuracy, performance, and efficiency to meet embedded system requirements. Our evaluation compares several pixel-level foreground extraction techniques in terms of their computation and storage requirements, and functional accuracy for three representative video sequences. The proposed MM algorithm delivers comparable accuracy of the best alternative (Mixture of Gaussians) with a 6X improvement in execution time and an 18% reduction in required storage.
<title>Microchannel heat exchangers: a review</title> (1993)

The early work by Tuckerman and Pease on high-performance heat sinks has provoked numerous uses of them as a means of cooling electronic components. This paper is a review of 73 available works by academics and/or researchers who have used the original microchannel heat sink concept or have extended its design or use to turbulent flow, variable channel/fin width ratios, entrance effects, problem generalization, refined optimization, and macrochannel heat exchangers. Various investigators have reported design methodologies, designs, prototypical concepts, comparative and experimental results, and bold innovations on the use of microchannel heat sinks. Several computer codes are identified which perform the calculations needed to describe a particular heat sink: one examines laminar flow devices only, another investigates the effects of a myriad of parameters on the overall thermal resistance of the heat sink and a third offers a design methodology which determines the important dimensions for an optimal heat sink with no restrictions regarding flow type or channel to fin width ratios.
Detection of P53 abnormalities in non-small cell lung cancer by yeast functional assay. (2001)

We assessed the status of P53 in 32 surgically treated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) by using yeast functional assay. For functional assay, total RNA extracted from fresh-frozen specimens was reverse transcribed and P53 cDNAs were PCR-amplified using Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene). The transcriptional competence of the P53 cDNA was then tested in a yeast reporter strain. 20 of the 32 (69%) NSCLC patients contained mutant P53 in the yeast functional assay with the higher frequency in squamous cell carcinoma (14/17, 82%) than in adenocarcinoma (5/10, 50%) and large cell carcinoma (3/5, 60%) (p<0.01, chi2 test). No significant difference was observed with respect to the TNM. Preliminary survival analysis showed that patients scoring positive for the yeast test had shorter disease-free survival (median = 10 months) than those that scored negative (median > 21 months). Our results suggest that yeast functional assay is not only an improved method to examine the status of P53, but might hopefully improve understanding of the role of mutant P53 in the clinical evaluation of NSCLC.
Knowledge-Driven Multidimensional Indexing Structure for Biomedical Media Database Retrieval (2007)

Today, biomedical media data are being generated at rates unimaginable only years ago. Content-based retrieval of biomedical media from large databases is becoming increasingly important to clinical, research, and educational communities. In this paper, we present the recently developed entropy balanced statistical (EBS) k-d tree and its applications to biomedical media, including a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) lung image database and the first real-time protein tertiary structure search engine. Our index utilizes statistical properties inherent in large-scale biomedical media databases for efficient and accurate searches. By applying concepts from pattern recognition and information theory, the EBS k-d tree is built through top-down decision tree induction. Experimentation shows similarity searches against a protein structure database of 53 363 structures consistently execute in less than 8.14 ms for the top 100 most similar structures. Additionally, we have shown improved retrieval precision over adaptive and statistical k-d trees. Retrieval precision of the EBS k-d tree is 81.6% for content-based retrieval of HRCT lung images and 94.9% at 10% recall for protein structure similarity search. The EBS k-d tree has enormous potential for use in biomedical applications embedded with ground-truth knowledge and multidimensional signatures.
A system for human jaw modeling using intra-oral images (2002)

A novel integrated system is developed to obtain a record of the patient's occlusion using computer vision. Data acquisition is obtained using intra-oral video camera. A modified Shape from Shading (SFS) technique using perspective projection and camera calibration is then used to extract accurate 3D information from a sequence of 2D images of the jaw. A novel technique for 3D data registration using Grid Closest Point (GCP) transform and genetic algorithms (GA) is used to register the output of the SFS stage. Triangulization is then performed, and a solid 3D model is obtained via a rapid prototype machine. The overall purpose of this research is to develop a model-based vision system for orthodontics that will replace traditional approaches and can be used in diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical simulation and implant purposes.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Vitamin D and Its Analogues. Part 49. Selective Acylation of A‐Ring Precursors of Vitamin D Using Enzymes in Organic Solvents. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide receptor messenger ribonucleic acid by glucocorticoids and PTH in ROS 17/2.8 and OK cells (1994)

To study mechanisms controlling the expression of PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptors in ROS 17/2.8 and OK cells, we investigated the regulation of PTH/PTHrP receptor availability and receptor mRNA levels by glucocorticoids and PTH. Treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with dexamethasone (1 microM) for 2, 4, and 6 days increased specific binding of PTH to 148 +/- 12%, 203 +/- 10%, and 344 +/- 9% (mean +/- SD), respectively, compared to that in untreated control cells. PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation also increased with dexamethasone treatment (1 microM) from 230 +/- 15%, 382 +/- 9%, and 820 +/- 9% after 2, 4 and 6 days, respectively, compared to that in untreated cells. Treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with [Nle8,Nle18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34) amide (NlePTH; 100 nM) alone or together with dexamethasone (1 microM), however, markedly decreased PTH binding and PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Northern blot analysis showed that dexamethasone dramatically increased steady state levels of PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which did not occur when NlePTH (100 nM) was added concomitantly to the cultures. As previously reported, daily NlePTH treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells reduced PTH/PTHrP receptor availability and PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation markedly within 2 days, which remained at these low levels during continued PTH treatment. In contrast, the identical treatment reduced steady state levels of PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA in ROS 17/2.8 transiently and to only a slight extent, which then returned to pretreatment levels. Treatment of OK cells with NlePTH (100 nM) for 1, 2, and 4 days decreased PTH binding to 56 +/- 6%, 44 +/- 4%, and 64 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD) and PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation to 42 +/- 6%, 19 +/- 4%, and 21 +/- 3% (mean +/- SD), respectively, compared to values in untreated control cells. The same treatment, however, had no significant effect on steady state levels of PTH/PTHrP receptor transcripts. In contrast to its effects in ROS 17/2.8 cells, dexamethasone (1 microM) treatment of OK cells for 1-4 days did not affect PTH binding, nor did it significantly affect steady state levels of PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA, although the latter was slightly lowered by dexamethasone treatment. PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation was unchanged after 1-day treatment with dexamethasone and modestly rose to 142 +/- 4% of the control value by day 4 of glucocorticoid exposure.
Preservation of active incretin hormones by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV suppresses meal-induced incretin secretion in dogs (2002)

The incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), thereby losing insulinotropic activity. DPP IV inhibition reduces exogenous GLP-1 degradation, but the extent of endogenous incretin protection has not been fully assessed, largely because suitable assays which distinguish between intact and degraded peptides have been unavailable. Using newly developed assays for intact GLP-1 and GIP, the effect of DPP IV inhibition on incretin hormone metabolism was examined. Conscious dogs were given NVP-DPP728, a specific DPP IV inhibitor, at a dose that inhibited over 90% of plasma DPP IV for the first 90 min following treatment. Total and intact incretin concentrations increased (P<0.0001) following a mixed meal, but on control days (vehicle infusion), intact peptide concentrations were lower (P<0.01) than total peptide concentrations (22.6 +/- 1.2% intact GIP; 10.1 +/- 0.4% intact GLP-1). Following inhibitor treatment, the proportion of intact peptide increased (92.5 +/- 4.3% intact GIP, P<0.0001; 99.0 +/- 22.6% intact GLP-1, P<0.02). Active (intact) incretins increased after NVP-DPP728 (from 4797 +/- 364 to 10 649 +/- 106 pM x min for GIP, P<0.03; from 646 +/- 134 to 2822 +/- 528 pM x m in for GLP-1, P<0.05). In contrast, total incretins fell (from 21 632 +/- 654 to 12 084 +/- 1723 pM x min for GIP, P<0.002; from 5145 +/- 677 to 3060 +/- 601 pM x min for GLP-1, P<0.05). Plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations were unaltered by the inhibitor. We have concluded that DPP IV inhibition with NVP-DPP728 prevents N-terminal degradation of endogenous incretins in vivo, resulting in increased plasma concentrations of intact, biologically active GIP and GLP-1. Total incretin secretion was reduced by DPP IV inhibition, suggesting the possibility of a feedback mechanism.
BET Bromodomains Regulate Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Proliferation and Cytokine Release in Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle (2015)

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is increased in asthma, and ASM cells from patients with asthma are hyperproliferative and release more IL-6 and CXCL8. The BET (bromo- and extra-terminal) family of proteins (Brd2, Brd3, and Brd4) govern the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. We have examined whether they modulate proliferation and cytokine expression in asthmatic ASM cells by studying the effect of BET bromodomain mimics JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762. ASM cells from healthy individuals and nonsevere and severe asthmatics were pretreated with JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 prior to stimulation with FCS and TGF-β. Proliferation was measured by BrdU incorporation. IL-6 and CXCL8 release was measured by ELISA, and mRNA expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. ChIP using a specific anti-Brd4 antibody and PCR primers directed against the transcriptional start site of IL-6 and CXCL8 gene promoters was performed. Neither JQ1/SGCBD01 nor I-BET762 had any effect on ASM cell viability. JQ1/SGCBD01 and I-BET762 inhibited FCS+TGF-β-induced ASM cell proliferation and IL-6 and CXCL8 release in healthy individuals (≥ 30 nM) and in nonsevere and severe asthma patients (≥100 nM), with the latter requiring higher concentrations of these mimics. JQ1/SGCBD01 reduced Brd4 binding to IL8 and IL6 promoters induced by FCS+TGF-β. Mimics of BET bromodomains inhibit aberrant ASM cell proliferation and inflammation with lesser efficiency in those from asthmatic patients. They may be effective in reducing airway remodeling in asthma.
Phosphorescent porphyrin probes in biosensors and sensitive bioassays (2000)

Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of porphyrins and related tetrapyrrolic pigments emit strong phosphorescence at room temperatures, which is characterized by long lifetimes falling into the sub-millisecond range and long-wave spectral characteristics. These features make the dyes useful as probes for a number of bioanalytical applications, particularly those employing time-resolved fluorescent detection. They can provide high sensitivity and selectivity, together with rather simple instrumental set-up. A number of analytical systems are now under development that are based on the use of phosphorescent porphyrin probes. Experimental results are presented on the following systems: (i) fibre-optic phosphorescence lifetime-based oxygen sensor on the basis of hydrophobic platinum-porphyrins and development of advanced sensing materials and prototype instrumentation; (ii) practical applications of the optical oxygen sensor, including a sensitive immunosensor that employs glucose oxidase labels, a rapid screening method for cell viability in microtitre-plate format, non-destructive measurement of oxygen in packaged foods and reagentless biosensors for metabolites (glucose, lactate); and (iii) the use of water-soluble platinum- and palladium-porphyrins as labels for ultra-sensitive time-resolved phosphorescence immunoassays.
Mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin requires Th17 cells and protects against inhalation anthrax (2010)

Cholera toxin (CT) elicits a mucosal immune response in mice when used as a vaccine adjuvant. The mechanisms by which CT exerts its adjuvant effects are incompletely understood. We show that protection against inhalation anthrax by an irradiated spore vaccine depends on CT-mediated induction of IL-17-producing CD4 Th17 cells. Furthermore, IL-17 is involved in the induction of serum and mucosal antibody responses by CT. Th17 cells induced by CT have a unique cytokine profile compared with those induced by IL-6 and TGF-beta, and their induction by CT requires cAMP-dependent secretion of IL-1beta and beta-calcitonin gene-related peptide by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate mucosal adjuvant effects of CT and identify previously unexplored pathways involved in Th17 induction that could be targeted for development of unique mucosal adjuvants.
An apolipoprotein A-I mimetic dose-dependently increases the formation of preβ1 HDL in human plasma (2007)

Prebeta1 HDL is the initial plasma acceptor of cell-derived cholesterol in reverse cholesterol transport. Recently, small amphipathic peptides composed of D-amino acids have been shown to mimic apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as a precursor for HDL formation. ApoA-I mimetic peptides have been proposed to stimulate the formation of prebeta1 HDL and increase reverse cholesterol transport in apoE-null mice. The existence of a monoclonal antibody (MAb 55201) and a corresponding ELISA method that is selective for the detection of the prebeta(1) subclass of HDL provides a means of establishing a correlation between apoA-I mimetic dose and prebeta1 HDL formation in human plasma. Using this prebeta1 HDL ELISA, we demonstrate marked apoA-I mimetic dose-dependent prebeta1 HDL formation in human plasma. These results correlated with increases in band density of the plasma prebeta1 HDL, when observed by Western blotting, as a function of increased apoA-I mimetic concentration. Increased prebeta1 HDL formation was observed after as little as 1 min and was maximal within 1 h. Together, these data suggest that a high-throughput prebeta1 HDL ELISA provides a way to quantitatively measure a key component of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway in human plasma, thus providing a possible method for the identification of apoA-I mimetic molecules.
Success or failure of vaccination for HPV16-positive vulvar lesions correlates with kinetics and phenotype of induced T-cell responses (2010)

One half of a group of 20 patients with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-induced vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 displayed a complete regression (CR) after therapeutic vaccination with HPV16 E6/E7 synthetic long peptides. Patients with relatively larger lesions generally did not display a CR. To investigate immune correlates of treatment failure, patients were grouped according to median lesion size at study entry, and HPV16-specific immunity was analyzed at different time points by complementary immunological assays. The group of patients with smaller lesions displayed stronger and broader vaccine-prompted HPV16-specific proliferative responses with higher IFNgamma (P = 0.0003) and IL-5 (P < 0.0001) levels than patients with large lesions. Characteristically, this response was accompanied by a distinct peak in cytokine levels after the first vaccination. In contrast, the patient group with larger lesions mounted higher frequencies of HPV16-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells (P = 0.005) and displayed a lower HPV16-specific IFNgamma/IL-10 ratio after vaccination (P < 0.01). No disparity in T memory immunity to control antigens was found, indicating that the differences in HPV-specific immunity did not reflect general immune failure. We observed a strong correlation between a defined set of vaccine-prompted specific immune responses and the clinical efficacy of therapeutic vaccination. Notably, a high ratio of HPV16-specific vaccine-prompted effector T cells to HPV16-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells was predictive of clinical success. Foxp3(+) T cells have been associated previously with impaired immunity in malignancies. Here we demonstrate that the vaccine-prompted level of this population is associated with early treatment failure.
Dihydrochalcones and Flavonolignans from Iryanthera lancifolia (1999)

An extract from the pericarps of I. lancifolia afforded two dihydrochalcones (1 and 2) and two flavonolignans (3 and 4), with compounds 2-4 being of novel structure. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-4 were evaluated through the measurement of malondialdehyde production, and Q(1/2) (concentration necessary for 50% inhibition of autoxidation) data were calculated. The Q(1/2) values obtained for 1-4 and the standard compounds alpha-tocopherol and quercetin were 6.9, 4.7, 5.5, 4.8, 12.1, and 7.6 microg/mL, respectively.
Milatuzumab immunoliposomes induce cell death in CLL by promoting accumulation of CD74 on the surface of B cells (2010)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable progressive disease for which new therapies are required. Therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has improved the outcome of patients with CLL, making further investigation of novel antibodies directed against alternative and specific targets on B cells an important area of translational research. We now describe functional properties of an antagonistic humanized mAb to CD74, milatuzumab, showing that milatuzumab combined with a crosslinking antibody induces cytotoxicity in vitro in CLL cells in a caspase- and stromal-independent manner associated with aggregation of CD74 on the cell surface. Furthermore, incorporation of milatuzumab into an immunoliposome induces even more of a cytotoxic response than in vitro crosslinking, representing a novel therapeutic formulation for this mAb. Based on these data, future development of the milatuzumab-immunoliposome formulation as a therapeutic agent for CLL is warranted.
Lifetime Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S. (2002)

The complications of diabetes account for substantial costs, with management of macrovascular disease being the largest and earliest. If improving glycemic control prevents complications, it will reduce these costs.
The method of evaluating the validity in making the checklist of statistical method (1998)

This thesis is to propose the method of evaluating the validity in stages on the design of a checklist based on the estimate theory of the validity on the design of a checklist and the method of evaluating the validity accordy to the purpose for usiug checklist and establish the standards of estimating the validity in stages on the checklist owing to the estimate theory with the journal, Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. We are emboding the statistical consulting server using the proposed estimate method of the validity and the followings we the questions to solve in future. First, there are many kinds of the statistical methods used in the fields of learing and applied technalogy. So we must establish the statistical standars required in each field and study and develope the special statistical checklists. Second, it is neded to systemize the estimate methods and standard on the validity by building the statistical consult DB, evaluate the researchers according to the degrees of statistical knowledge the validity of study design iud propose the delicate and generalized statistical methods appropriate to the ability of researchers.
Cryptographic Suites for IPsec (2005)

The IPsec, Internet Key Exchange (IKE), and IKEv2 protocols rely on security algorithms to provide privacy and authentication between the initiator and responder.There are many such algorithms available, and two IPsec systems cannot interoperate unless they are using the same algorithms.This document specifies optional suites of algorithms and attributes that can be used to simplify the administration of IPsec when used in manual keying mode, with IKEv1 or with IKEv2.