gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cognate dopamine transporter‐like activity endogenously expressed in a COS‐7 kidney‐derived cell line1 (1999)

The activity of the dopamine transporter is an important mechanism for the maintenance of normal dopaminergic homeostasis by rapidly removing dopamine from the synaptic cleft. In kidney-derived COS-7, COS-1 and HEK-293 but not in other mammalian cell lines (CHO, Y1, Ltk-), we have characterized a putative functional dopamine transporter displaying a high affinity (Km approximately 250 nM) and a low capacity (approximately 0.1 pmol/10(5) cells/min) for [3H]dopamine uptake. Uptake displayed a pharmacological profile clearly indicative of the neuronal dopamine transporter. Estimated Ki values of numerous substrates and inhibitors for the COS-dopamine transporter and the cloned human neuronal transporter (human dopamine transporter) correlate well with the exception of a few notable compounds, including the endogenous neurotransmitter dopamine, the dopamine transporter inhibitor GBR 12,909 and the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine. As with native neuronal and cloned dopamine transporters, the uptake velocity was sodium-sensitive and reduced by phorbol ester pre-treatment. Two mRNA species of 3.8 and 4.0 kb in COS-7 cells were revealed by Northern blot analysis similar in size to that seen in native neuronal tissue. A reverse-transcribed PCR analysis confirmed the existence of a processed dopamine transporter. However, no immunoreactive proteins of expected dopamine transporter molecular size or [3H]WIN 35,428 binding activity were detected. A partial cDNA of 1.3 kb, isolated from a COS-1 cDNA library and encoding transmembrane domains 1-6, displayed a deduced amino acid sequence homology of approximately 96% to the human dopamine transporter. Taken together, the data suggest the existence of a non-neuronal endogenous high affinity dopamine uptake system sharing strong functional and molecular homology to that of the cloned neuronal dopamine transporter.
The purification of a novel amylase from Bacillus subtilis and its inhibition by wheat proteins (1983)

A new alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from Bacillus subtilis was purified by affinity chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme, estimated from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, was 93000, which is very different from the molecular weights of two well-characterized amylases from B. subtilis. Electrofocusing showed an isoelectric point of 5. Amylase shows a broad maximum of activity between pH 6 and 7; maximal inhibition of enzyme by wheat-protein alpha-amylase inhibitors is displayed at pH 7.
Letter identification and the Neural Image Classifier (2015)

Letter identification is an important visual task for both practical and theoretical reasons. To extend and test existing models, we have reviewed published data for contrast sensitivity for letter identification as a function of size and have also collected new data. Contrast sensitivity increases rapidly from the acuity limit but slows and asymptotes at a symbol size of about 1 degree. We recast these data in terms of contrast difference energy: the average of the squared distances between the letter images and the average letter image. In terms of sensitivity to contrast difference energy, and thus visual efficiency, there is a peak around ¼ degree, followed by a marked decline at larger sizes. These results are explained by a Neural Image Classifier model that includes optical filtering and retinal neural filtering, sampling, and noise, followed by an optimal classifier. As letters are enlarged, sensitivity declines because of the increasing size and spacing of the midget retinal ganglion cell receptive fields in the periphery.
Chemokine Receptor Responses on T Cells Are Achieved Through Regulation of Both Receptor Expression and Signaling (1999)

To address the issues of redundancy and specificity of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology, we investigated the expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR4 and responses to their ligands on memory and naive, CD4 and CD8 human T cells, both freshly isolated and after short term activation in vitro. Activation through CD3 for 3 days had the most dramatic effects on the expression of CXCR3, which was up-regulated and functional on all T cell populations including naive CD4 cells. In contrast, the effects of short term activation on expression of other chemokine receptors was modest, and expression of CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 on CD4 cells was restricted to memory subsets. In general, patterns of chemotaxis in the resting cells and calcium responses in the activated cells corresponded to the patterns of receptor expression among T cell subsets. In contrast, the pattern of calcium signaling among subsets of freshly isolated cells did not show a simple correlation with receptor expression, so the propensity to produce a global rise in the intracellular calcium concentration differed among the various receptors within a given T cell subset and for an individual receptor depending on the cell where it was expressed. Our data suggest that individual chemokine receptors and their ligands function on T cells at different stages of T cell activation/differentiation, with CXCR3 of particular importance on newly activated cells, and demonstrate T cell subset-specific and activation state-specific responses to chemokines that are achieved by regulating receptor signaling as well as receptor expression.
Treatment of hay fever with sodium cromoglycate, hyposensitization, or a combination (1987)

In 77 consecutive patients with grass pollen rhinitis as the only allergic disease, treatment with sodium cromoglycate (SCG) nasal spray, hyposensitization with aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extract of grass pollen as perennial treatment, and a combination of the two was compared. Specific serum-IgE, IgG and IgG4 were determined in patients who participated in three consecutive seasons. Significant immune response was found in the hyposensitization group, but not in the group treated with SCG. No correlation between the immunoglobulin responses and the individual symptom and/or medicine scores was found. Symptom and medicine scores were analysed in the 3 weeks with the highest pollen counts each year during 4 consecutive years. Higher scores were found in the group treated with sodium cromoglycate compared with the other two groups, but the difference was only significant for eye and total symptoms in the first season. None of the groups, however, suffered from more than mild to moderate symptoms even in the weeks with peak pollen counts. A significantly larger decrease in the wheals of the skin prick test was shown during hyposensitization than during treatment with SCG. No difference was found in the frequency of patients who became symptom-free or developed pollen asthma.
Stage-Related Outcome in Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome Treated by Fetoscopic Laser Coagulation (2006)

These data show that laser therapy is an effective therapeutic option for all stages of severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome and provide information to counsel patients according to the stage of the syndrome.
Plasma biomarkers for the identification of women at risk for early-onset preeclampsia (2017)

The differentially expressed proteins represent potential biomarkers for the early screening for EOPE. Follow-up experiments however are necessary for evaluation.
Joint optimization of scalar and tree-structured quantization of wavelet image decompositions (2002)

Wavelet image decompositions generate a tree-structured set of coefficients, providing an hierarchical data-structure for representing images. While early wavelet-based algorithms for image compression concentrated on optimal quantization of wavelet coefficients, several recent researchers have proposed approaches which couple coefficient quantization (either scalar or vector-based) with various strategies for quantizing the tree itself. This paper proposes an image compression algorithm based on optimal bit rate allocation between scalar and tree-structured quantizers. A predictive approach to representing the pruned tree structure is presented, and the entropy of this representation is included in the optimal allocation problem. The algorithm couples Lagrangian optimization of scalar quantizers with a marginal analysis approach for optimizing the tree structure, and achieves excellent coding efficiency in the rate-distortion sense.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Efficient and Safe Xeno‐Free Cryopreservation Method for the Storage of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2004)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) promise to revolutionize reparative medicine through their potential in developing cell replacement therapies for diseases like diabetes and parkinsonism. Most of the existing hESC lines available for research, including all National Institutes of Health-registered lines, have been derived and maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders in the presence of xenoproteins. For future clinical application, many more hESC lines derived and grown in current good manufacturing practice, good tissue culture practice, and xeno-free conditions need to be developed. Concurrently, effective cryopreservation methods that prevent or limit the accidental contact of hESCs with nonsterile liquid nitrogen during periods of long-term storage have to be formulated. We describe a safe, xeno-free cryopreservation protocol for hESCs involving vitrification in closed sealed straws using human serum albumin as opposed to fetal calf serum as the main protein source in the cryoprotectant and long-term storage in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. After thaw, hESCs exhibited high thaw-survival rates and low differentiation rates, remained pluripotent, and maintained normal diploid karyotypes throughout extended passage. The cryopreservation technique we describe here should complement xeno-free culture conditions for hESCs already in refinement and will prove very useful for the setting up of hESC banks throughout the world.
A comparison of two schemes for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in a multicarrier transmission (2003)

A clipping-filtering technique is the simplest and most widely used technique for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in a multicarrier transmission. The paper presents comparison analysis of two clipping-filtering schemes. The first one performs clipping of a signal at the Nyquist rate while in the second implementation a signal is oversampled before clipping. The schemes are compared through their PAPR reduction ability (complementary cumulative distribution functions for two schemes are examined) and bit error rate performance. The influence of the non-ideal amplification on the clipped signals is also considered. Some analytical estimations as well as simulation results are given.
The biology of epithelial cell populations (1984)

Almost all patients with pulmonary bilateral infiltrates and a PaO2/FIO2 less than or equal to 300 mm Hg under standard oxygen fulfilled the acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria under noninvasive ventilation within the first 24 hours. Their mortality rate was similar to that reported in the Berlin definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, spontaneous breathing patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome criteria could be identified early without positive pressure ventilation.
Three Dimensionally Stacked NAND Flash Memory Technology Using Stacking Single Crystal Si Layers on ILD and TANOS Structure for Beyond 30nm Node (2006)

For the first time, the 3 dimensionally stacked NAND Flash memory, is developed by implementing S3 (Single-crystal Si layer Stacking ) technology, which was used to develop S3 SRAM previously. The NAND cell arrays are formed on the ILD as well as on the bulk to double the memory density without increasing the chip size. The feasibility of the technology was proven by the successful operation of 32 bit NAND Flash memory cell strings with 63nm dimension and TANOS structures. The novel NAND cell operational scheme, so called SBT (Source-Body Tied) scheme, is presented to maximize the advantages of 3 dimensionally stacked NAND cell structures.
Percutaneous electrical stimulation of lumbosacral roots in man. (1988)

High voltage percutaneous electrical stimulation over the lumbosacral spinal column was used to assess conduction in the cauda equina of 13 normal subjects. Electromyographic activity elicited by such stimulation was recorded from various muscles of the lower limbs. The stimulating cathode was placed over the spinous process of each vertebral body and the anode kept on the iliac crest contralateral to the studied limb. Shifting the cathode in a rostro-caudal direction shortened the response latency in quadriceps, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum brevis muscles. At moderate intensities (60% maximum), this occurred abruptly when the cathode was placed at levels corresponding to the exit sites from the spinal canal of the roots innervating these muscles. At these intensities, the size of the response in each muscle was largest when the cathode was placed over the conus medullaris or at or below the exit of the motor roots from the spine. Latencies were always equal to or shorter than those obtained with F-wave measurements, suggesting that peripheral motor axons, rather than intraspinal structures were activated by the stimulus. Collision experiments demonstrated that activation occurred at two sites: near the spinal cord and at the root exit site in the vertebral foramina. Recordings made from soleus indicated that larger diameter proprioceptive afferent fibres also could be activated. This technique might have useful clinical applications in the study of both proximal and distal lesions of the cauda equina and provide a non-invasive method of localising such lesions electrophysiologically.
Supramolecular three-armed star polymers via cyclodextrin host–guest self-assembly (2012)

Three-armed star polymers with a cyclodextrin core and polyacrylamide arms were prepared via inclusion complex formation. A novel adamantyl-functionalized chain transfer agent was utilized in the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and N,N-diethylacrylamide to afford guest-functionalized polymers. In combination with a three-pronged β-cyclodextrin core, supramolecular self-assembly was exploited for the formation of star-shaped architectures. This was demonstrated via a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and 2D rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) in D2O. Furthermore, turbidity measurements in the case of PDEAAm showed a rise in the LCST of the system. The complex formation was shown to be reversible, as DLS at elevated temperatures (70 °C) indicated a complete disassembly of the star polymers.
Thrombolysis in Acute Peripheral Arterial Occlusion: Predictors of Immediate Success (1994)

Thrombolytic therapy is frequently used for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusion, but clinical predictors of success have not yet been defined. We prospectively evaluated 80 consecutive patients receiving intra-arterial urokinase for acute (< 14 days) ischemia. Fifty-five patients (69%) were treated for bypass graft occlusion and 25 patients (31%) for native arterial occlusion. Two primary outcome measures were evaluated using multivariate techniques (stepwise logistic regression) to determine the independent predictors of immediate arteriographic success: successful (> 80%) thrombolysis and avoidance of adjuvant operative or endovascular procedures. Independent variables examined included age, sex, comorbid conditions, severity, duration, etiology and location of the ischemic process, and positioning of the infusion catheter and guidewire. Overall, successful lysis was achieved in 57 patients (71%) and adjuvant procedures were avoided in 22 patients (28%). Successful outcome was more frequent in prosthetic graft (78%) and native arterial (72%) occlusions than in vein graft occlusions (53%, p = 0.017) and in nondiabetics than in diabetics (80% vs. 52%, p = 0.031). Lysis was dependent on placement of the catheter into the substance of the thrombus (85% vs. 0% success, p = 0.004) and passage of a guidewire through the occlusive process (92% vs. 10% success, p = 0.001). The only parameter independently predictive of successful outcome without the use of adjuvant procedures was the location of the occlusion; additional procedures were necessary in 88% of aortoiliac and 82% of infrainguinal occlusions vs. only 17% of upper extremity occlusions (p = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Theoretical studies of photoelectron spectra of SO42−(H2O)n clusters and the extrapolation to bulk solution (2003)

Photoelectron spectra of hydrated doubly charged anion clusters, SO42−(H2O)n, have been studied by performing first-principles electronic structure calculations on SO42−(H2O)n (n=3–6, 12, and 13). The calculated adiabatic electron ionization energies are in good agreement with available experimental data. A detailed analysis of the calculated results suggests that for n⩾12 the observed threshold ionization energy of the low binding energy band in the recently reported photoelectron spectra of SO42−(H2O)n is associated with the electron ionization from the solute, SO42−, whereas the observed threshold ionization energy of the high binding energy band is associated with the electron ionization from the water molecules in the first solvation shell of SO42−. For n⩽6, both threshold ionization energies of the low and high binding energy bands are all associated with the electron ionizations from the solute. This shows that the bulk solution value (n→∞) extrapolated from those threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band of the clusters should refer to the first ionization energy of the water molecules in the first solvation shell of SO42− in aqueous solution and, therefore, should be significantly smaller than the measured threshold ionization energy of liquid water. This differs from the recent result that the value of 10.05 eV extrapolated from the threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band based on a simple 1/Rc model was nearly identical to the measured threshold ionization energy (10.06 eV) of liquid water. To address this difference, we have used a new approach for the extrapolation of solvated ion cluster data to bulk solution. We show that the new extrapolation approach consistently produces extrapolated bulk solution results in significantly better agreement with those observed directly in bulk solution for the first ionization energies of the ions in SO42−(H2O)n, Br−(H2O)n, and I−(H2O)n. The same extrapolation approach predicts a bulk solution value of 7.20 eV extrapolated from the threshold ionization energies of the high binding energy band, consistent with our assignment of the high binding energy band.
Physiopathogenesis of subdural hematomas (1976)

The dorsal subcutaneous injection in rats of 12 ml or more of autologous hemolyzed whole blood clotted in situ induced the formation of sterile, hemispheric lesions, 47% of which showed an initial decrease in volume followed by a progressive enlargement. The behavior, histology, and biochemical characteristics of the liquid contents of these lesions were found to be remarkably similar to those of subdural hematomas in man. To evaluate the role of the various blood components that may have influenced the formation and growth of these lesions, more than 150 clots composed of human platelet-free plasma, autologous hemolyzed blood, or autologous whole blood were implanted subcutaneously in rats by either surgical or injection techniques. The in vitro behavior of the different clots used was also assessed. This systematic approach led to the following conclusions: 1) the composition and volumes of the clots are critical variables; 2) plasma-fibrin provides the matrix shape of the lesions; 3) the breakdown products derived from erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, and other solid blood elements induce neomembrane formation and contribute to the lesion's subsequent growth; and 4) inflammation mechanisms appear to be essential, while cerebrospinal fluid plays no discernable role in this process.
Reactions and Reactivity in Self-Assembled Monolayers (2000)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are excellent models for studying interfacial reactions. Here monolayer chemistry is reviewed, focusing on the features that have no analogues in solution chemistry. The growth of surface-attached polymers, intrafilm reactions, chemistry, photochemistry and reactivity issues are all discussed.
Identification, characterization, and mapping of the Escherichia coli htrA gene, whose product is essential for bacterial growth only at elevated temperatures (1989)

We identified and cloned an Escherichia coli gene called htrA (high temperature requirement). The htrA gene was originally discovered because mini-Tn10 transposon insertions in it allowed E. coli growth at 30 degrees C but prevented growth at elevated temperatures (above 42 degrees C). The htrA insertion mutants underwent a block in macromolecular synthesis and eventually lysed at the nonpermissive temperature. The htrA gene was located at approximately 3.7 min (between the fhuA and dapD loci) on the genetic map of E. coli and between 180 and 187.5 kilobases on the physical map. It coded for an unstable, 51-kilodalton protein which was processed by removal of an amino-terminal fragment, resulting in a stable, 48-kilodalton protein.
Classifier-based mask estimation for missing feature methods of robust speech recognition (2000)

Missing feature methods of noise compensation for speech recognition operate by removing components of a spectrographic representation of speech that are considered to be corrupt, as indicated by a low signal-to-noise ratio. Recognition is either performed directly on the incomplete spectrograms or the missing components are reconstructed prior to recognition. These methods require a spectrographic mask which accurately labels the reliable and corrupt regions of the spectrogram. Current methods of mask estimation rely on assumptions about the corrupting noise such as stationarity. This is a significant drawback since the missing feature methods themselves have no such restrictions. We present a new mask estimation technique that uses a Bayesian classifier to determine the reliability of spectrographic elements. Features were designed that make no assumptions about the corrupting noise signal, but rather exploit characteristics of the speech signal itself. Missing feature compensation experiments were performed on speech corrupted by a variety of noises. In all cases, classifier-based mask estimation resulted in significantly better recognition accuracy than conventional mask estimation methods.