gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive methods for improved vehicular WiFi access (2009)

With the proliferation of WiFi technology, many WiFi networks are accessible from vehicles on the road making vehicular WiFi access realistic. However, several challenges exist: long latency to establish connection to a WiFi access point (AP), lossy link performance, and frequent disconnections due to mobility. We argue that people drive on familiar routes frequently, and thus the mobility and connectivity related information along their drives can be predicted with good accuracy using historical information - such as GPS tracks with timestamps, RF fingerprints, and link and network-layer addresses of visible APs. We exploit such information to develop new handoff and data transfer strategies. The handoff strategy reduces the connection establishment latency and also uses pre-scripted handoffs triggered by change in vehicle location. The data transfer strategy speeds up download performance by using prefetching on the APs yet to be encountered. Experimental performance evaluation reveals that the predictability of mobility and connectivity is high enough to be useful in such protocols. In our experiments with a vehicular client accessing road-side APs, the handoff strategy improves download performance by roughly a factor of 2 relative to the state-of-the-art. The data transfer strategy further improves this performance by another factor of 2.5.
Survey of emm gene sequences and T-antigen types from systemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection isolates collected in San Francisco, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Connecticut in 1994 and 1995 (1997)

The variable 5' emm (M-protein gene) sequences and T-antigen types were determined from 340 systemic group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates taken from hospitalized patients in San Francisco, Calif.; Atlanta, Ga.; and Connecticut in 1994 and 1995. Eighty percent of these isolates had emm sequences and T-antigen types in agreement with previously recorded M- and T-antigen associations. Most of the remaining strains either were T nontypeable (11%) or contained emm genes encoding M proteins for which T-antigen associations have not been made (6%). One newly encountered emm gene, designated ST2974, from each of 13 isolates had the T type 8/25/Imp19. Another new emm gene, ST2967, from 8 of 11 isolates was T nontypeable. Six other unique emm gene sequences from seven isolates were encountered. Sequencing of the variable region of the emm gene of GAS isolates (emm typing) is effective for surveying the sequence variability of the M virulence protein, and combined with T typing, emm typing is useful for monitoring GAS strain diversity.
Digital Coding of Speech in Sub-bands (1976)

A rationale is advanced for digitally coding speech signals in terms of sub-bands of the total spectrum. The approach provides a means for controlling and reducing quantizing noise in the coding. Each sub-band is quantized with an accuracy (bit allocation) based upon perceptual criteria. As a result, the quality of the coded signal is improved over that obtained from a single full-band coding of the total spectrum. In one implementation, the individual sub-bands are low-pass translated before coding. In another, “integer-band” sampling is employed to alias the signal in an advantageous way before coding. Other possibilities extend to complex demodulation of the sub-bands, and to representing the sub-band signals in terms of envelopes and phase-derivatives. In all techniques, adaptive quantization is used for the coding, and a parsimonious allocation of bits is made across the bands. Computer simulations are made to demonstrate the signal qualities obtained for codings at 16 and 9.6 kb/s.
Enhanced Heat Conduction in Fluids Subjected to Sinusoidal Oscillations (1985)

Enhanced conduction heat transfer via sinusoidal oscillatory flow through circular tubes connecting two fluid reservoirs maintained at different temperatures is examined. Using a multiscale expansion technique for the solution of the governing partial differential equation, the spatial and temporal temperature variation within the tubes is determined for low values of α2 Pr, where α is the Womersley number and Pr the fluid Prandtl number. From this result, a calculation of the effective thermal diffusivity is made and used to determine the enhanced conduction heat transfer from the high- to low-temperature reservoir. The enhanced heat transfer produced by the oscillations is shown to be proportional to the square of the oscillation amplitude and a function of the Prandtl number, the frequency, and the tube radius. Values of effective conductivity in liquid metals three orders of magnitude greater than the normal heat conductivity are shown to be readily obtainable under typical experimental conditions.
Multineuronal codes in retinal signaling. (1996)

The visual world is presented to the brain through patterns of action potentials in the population of optic nerve fibers. Single-neuron recordings show that each retinal ganglion cell has a spatially restricted receptive field, a limited integration time, and a characteristic spectral sensitivity. Collectively, these response properties define the visual message conveyed by that neuron's action potentials. Since the size of the optic nerve is strictly constrained, one expects the retina to generate a highly efficient representation of the visual scene. By contrast, the receptive fields of nearby ganglion cells often overlap, suggesting great redundancy among the retinal output signals. Recent multineuron recordings may help resolve this paradox. They reveal concerted firing patterns among ganglion cells, in which small groups of nearby neurons fire synchronously with delays of only a few milliseconds. As there are many more such firing patterns than ganglion cells, such a distributed code might allow the retina to compress a large number of distinct visual messages into a small number of optic nerve fibers. This paper will review the evidence for a distributed coding scheme in the retinal output. The performance limits of such codes are analyzed with simple examples, illustrating that they allow a powerful trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution.
The Oral Analgesic Efficacy of Bicifadine Hydrochloride in Postoperative Pain (1982)

The analgesic efficacy of 75 and 150 mg bicifadine hydrochloride was compared to 650 mg aspirin and placebo in a double-blind, single-dose study. Oral doses were administered to 100 patients suffering from moderate to severe postoperative pain. Significant analgesic activity was demonstrated with 650 mg aspirin and 150 mg bicifadine as compared to 75 mg bicifadine or placebo. No significant treatment difference was found between 75 mg bicifadine and placebo. Side effects were minor and did not interfere with the course of therapy.
Cloning and sequence analysis of thymidine kinase from the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii (1996)

Thymidine kinase is an important enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleotide salvage pathway and catalyzes the formation of thymidylate from thymidine using ATP as a phosphate donor. The gene encoding thymidine kinase of the oral bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was cloned and the nucleptide sequence determined. The inferred amino acid sequence of thymidine kinase (191 amino acids) exhibited 43% identity with type H thymidine kinase from Escherichia coli. The S. gordonii thymidine kinase expressed in Escherichia coli KY895 (tdk−) was inhibited by thymidline triphosphate, a feature typical of type II thymidine kinases. Immediately 3′ to the tdk gene, and possibly co-transcribed with it, was the gene encoding release factor 1 (prfA).
A Novel Orally Active Small Molecule Potently Induces G1 Arrest in Primary Myeloma Cells and Prevents Tumor Growth by Specific Inhibition of Cdk4/6. (2006)

Abstract Cell cycle deregulation is central to the initiation and fatality of multiple myeloma, the second most common hematopoietic cancer, although impaired apoptosis plays a critical role in the accumulation of myeloma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Inhibition of Cdk4 and Cdk6 by the Cdk inhibitor, p18(INK4c), is required for the generation of normal, functional plasma cells1. The mechanism for intermittent, unrestrained proliferation of myeloma cells is unknown, but mutually exclusive activation of Cdk4-cyclin D1 or Cdk6-cyclin D2 precedes proliferation of BM myeloma cells in vivo2. These data identify Cdk4 and Cdk6 as key determinants in the loss of cell cycle control in myeloma and suggest that Cdk4/6 may be effective targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we show that by specific inhibition of Cdk4/6, the orally active small molecule PD 0332991 potently induces G1 arrest in primary BM myeloma cells ex vivo, and prevents tumor growth in disseminated human myeloma xenografts. PD 0332991 inhibits Cdk4/6 proportional to the cycling status of the cells independent of cellular transformation, and acts in concert with the physiologic Cdk4/6 inhibitor p18(INK4c). Inhibition of Cdk4/6 by PD 0332991 is not accompanied by induction of apoptosis. However, when used in combination with a second agent such as dexamethasone, PD 0332991 markedly enhances the killing of myeloma cells by dexamethasone. PD 0332991, therefore, represents the first promising and specific inhibitor for therapeutic targeting of Cdk4/6 in multiple myeloma and possibly other B cell cancers.
The Use of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Trisaccharides in Synthetic Diluents for the Storage of Ram Spermatozoa At 37°C and 5°C (1966)

Using synthetic semen diluents based on 20 mM phosphate buffer, 31 Mm N aCl, 0·8 % non.dialysable skim milk solids, plus antibiotics, and 185 mM of the sugars ribose, arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, rhamnose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, or raffinose, it was found that ram spermatozoa survive best at 37°C in diluents containing glucose, mannose, fructose, or sucrose; however, at 5°C ribose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose were the sugars of choice. Increasing replacement of fructose in the diluent with up to 185 mM of these sugars resulted in increased survival at the respective temperatures. Part replacement of 185 mM fructose in the range 7·75-62 mM with the sugars most favourable at 5°C was of little benefit. No effect of changes in osmotic pressure was noted using varying concentrations of the sugars to give tonicities of 0·9, 1· 0, and 1 ·1 relative to 154 mM NaCI or 308 mM sugar. Increased motility scores and percentages of motile sperma· tozoa were observed when 17 mM fructose was added to ribose and arabinose diluents at 5°C, but not when added to diluents containing xylose, the hexoses, galactose, fructose, and glucose; nor for any sugar· containing diluent at 37°C.
Anthracyclines trigger apoptosis of both G0-G1 and cycling peripheral blood lymphocytes and induce massive deletion of mature T and B cells. (2000)

The anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin were shown to induce apoptosis of hematopoietic cell lines. Here we report that they induce apoptosis of both nonactivated and phytohemagglutinin-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Apoptosis demonstrated by surface expression of phosphatidylserine and typical nuclear alterations reached a maximum after 48 h of incubation with these agents. In contrast to topoisomerase inhibitors (etoposide and camptothecin) and antimetabolites (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil) that induced apoptosis of activated cells only, daunorubicin and doxorubicin triggered apoptosis of cells in the G0-G1 phases of the cell cycle. In agreement with in vitro data, a single i.p. injection of daunorubicin or doxorubicin in BALB/c mice induced T- and B-cell depletion in spleen, lymph nodes, and to a lesser extent in the thymus. Soluble Fas-Fc, CD95 antagonistic antibodies, as well as the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein, did not inhibit drug-induced apoptosis. The level of reactive oxygen species was significantly increased in the presence of daunorubicin or doxorubicin only in nonactivated lymphocytes. However, antioxidants such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine or glutathione did not prevent apoptosis. Activation of caspase-3 after daunorubicin or doxorubicin treatment of either nonactivated or activated lymphocytes was demonstrated by the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which was, as apoptosis, inhibited by the peptide benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone. Finally, daunorubicin and doxorubicin induced a rapid production of ceramides. These data indicate that anthracyclines may induce major peripheral T-cell deletion, a property not shared by many cytotoxic agents.
Characterization of a single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody directed against the human asialoglycoprotein receptor (2006)

To obtain scFv (single-chain variable fragment) against human ASGPR (asialoglycoprotein receptor), a human non-immune phage antibody library was screened with the recombinant CRD (carbohydrate recognition domain) of rCRDH1 (the H1 subunit of human ASGPR). Anti-rCRDH1 phage clones were obtained after four rounds of screening with rCRDH1-coated immunotubes and single positive colonies were further selected with the expressed thioredoxin-His-S tag of the wild-type pET32c. Two specific anti-rCRDH1 phage clones (named C1 and C2) were transfected into Escherichia coli HB2151 and induced for secreted expression of scFv antibody. The purified anti-rCRDH1 C1 and C2 single-chain antibodies were characterized by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Both antibodies were found to specifically recognize denatured and native forms of the ASGPR and thus could potentially be used as targeting molecules for gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma or other liver diseases.
Pulmonary function over 2 years in diabetic patients treated with prandial inhaled Technosphere Insulin or usual antidiabetes treatment: a randomized trial (2011)

Observed changes in lung function with TI were small, occurred early after therapy initiation, remained non-progressive over 2 years and were unlikely to be clinically meaningful.
Quantitation of slow drug release from an implantable and degradable gentamicin conjugate by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (1995)

A biodegradable model hydrogel containing a covalently bound aminoglycoside in which drug release can be monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo was developed. The hydrogel consists of the bishydroxysuccinimide ester of polyethylene glycol disuccinate cross-linked albumin, to which gentamicin and Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid are covalently attached in stochiometric quantities. MRI allowed us to depict the three-dimensional structure of implanted gels, to accurately calculate their volumes, and thus to calculate the concentration of hydrogel-bound gentamicin. The correlation coefficient for the concentration of released gentamicin and the hydrogel volume was 0.965. Free and hydrogel-released gentamicin conjugates had similar antibiotic efficacies when tested in microbiological agar diffusion assays. In vivo, hydrogel-released gentamicin had a longer half-life in plasma than unaltered gentamicin (5.6 versus 0.7 h), presumably because of residual bound polyethylene glycol residues. Hydrogel implants into rats resulted in a prolonged (7 to 10 days) release of gentamicin and a decreased 24-h mortality in mice infected with a lethal dose of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicate the feasibility of imaging and quantitating therapeutic drug concentrations in vivo by MRI.
Integrating Undergraduates into the Gerontological Research Process (1992)

Based on the experience of a baccalaureate gerontology program, this article addresses ways in which undergraduate students have been integrated into the research process through participation in faculty projects. It focuses on the specific activities which students have undertaken in each stage of that process: planning; da
Room-temperature violet stimulated emission from optically pumped AlGaN/GaInN double heterostructure (1994)

An AlGaN/GaInN heterostructure has been fabricated by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We observed room-temperature (RT) violet stimulated emission from an optically pumped double heterostructure (DH) using GaInN as an active layer. The peak wavelength of the stimulated emission at RT from Al0.17Ga0.83N/Ga0.91In0.09N DH is 402.5 nm, and the threshold of excitation power density is about 0.13 MW/cm2.
Distributed fault-tolerant real-time systems: the Mars approach (1989)

The authors describe the Maintainable Real-Time System, a fault-tolerant distributed system for process control, developed under the Mars project started in 1980 at the Technische Universitat Berlin. They explore the characteristics of distributed real-time systems and then present the Mars approach to real-time process control, its architectural design and implementation, and one of its applications. The authors focus on the maintainability of the Mars architecture, describe the Mars operating system, and discuss timing analysis. The control of a rolling mill that produces metal plates and bars is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Precursor‐directed biosynthesis of stilbene methyl ethers in Escherichia coli (2007)

Stilbenes are bioactive compounds that show beneficial effects for humans, such as anti-tumor activity and survival improvement. Resveratrol, a representative of stilbenes and showing various health-improving activities, is rapidly metabolized in humans, and modified resveratrols are therefore desired as anti-cancer drugs and dietary polyphenols. An Escherichia coli system, in which an artificial stilbene biosynthetic pathway, including steps of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, and stilbene synthase, was reconstructed, produced stilbenes in high yields: resveratrol from tyrosine and pinosylvin from phenylalanine. To incorporate a stilbene methyltransferase gene into this E. coli system, cDNA of Os08g06100 in Oryza sativa was expressed and its O-methylating activity toward stilbenes was confirmed. Incorporation of the pinosylvin methyltransferase (OsPMT) gene into the pathway established in E. coli led to production of mono- and di-methylated stilbenes. Furthermore, the OsPMT gene turned out to be useful in production of unnatural stilbene methyl ethers due to its rather relaxed substrate specificity; various carboxylic acids supplemented as precursors, such as p-fluorocinnamic acid, 3-(2-furyl)acrylic acid, 3-(2-thienyl)acrylic acid, and 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylic acid, to the E. coli system carrying the steps of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, stilbene synthase, and OsPMT were converted to stilbene dimethyl ethers with the corresponding carboxylic moiety.
Francisella tularensisEnters Macrophages via a Novel Process Involving Pseudopod Loops (2005)

Intracellular bacterial pathogens employ a variety of strategies to invade their eukaryotic host cells. From an ultrastructural standpoint, the processes that bacteria employ to invade their host cells include conventional phagocytosis, coiling phagocytosis, and ruffling/triggered macropinocytosis. In this paper, we describe a novel process by which Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, enters host macrophages. F. tularensis is a remarkably infectious facultative intracellular bacterial parasite--as few as 10 bacteria can cause life-threatening disease in humans. However, the ultrastructure of its uptake and the receptor mechanisms that mediate its uptake have not been reported previously. We have used fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to examine the adherence and uptake of a virulent recent clinical isolate of F. tularensis, subspecies tularensis, and the live vaccine strain (LVS), subspecies holarctica, by human macrophages. We show here that both strains of F. tularensis enter human macrophages by a novel process of engulfment within asymmetric, spacious pseudopod loops, a process that differs ultrastructurally from all previously described uptake mechanisms. We demonstrate also that adherence and uptake of F. tularensis by macrophages is strongly dependent upon complement receptors and upon serum with intact complement factor C3 and that uptake requires actin microfilaments. These findings have significant implications for understanding the intracellular biology and virulence of this extremely infectious pathogen.
Iron and infection: molecular, physiological and clinical aspects. (1999)

Iron in Biological Systems (E. Griffiths). Iron Proteins (R. Evans, et al.). The Iron-uptake Systems of Pathogenic Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa (E. Griffiths & P. Williams). Iron as a Regulatory Signal (E. Griffiths & H. Chart). Molecular Genetics of Iron Transport as a Component of Bacterial Virulence (J. Crosa). Iron and the Immune System (J. Brock). Iron-binding Proteins and Host Defence (J. Bullen & E. Griffiths). Clinical and Physiological Aspects (C. Ward & J. Bullen). Iron and Infection: Future Prospects (E. Griffiths & J. Bullen). Appendices. Index.
Compact and efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_(4) laser at 1.06 ?m (2003)

Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4/Cr^(4+):YAG lasers with a simple flat-flat cavity were demonstrated. The maximum average output power at 1.06 ?m was 1.25 W. The highest peak power and pulse energy were 7.56 kW and 75 ?J, respectively, with the pulse repetition rate of 11.1 kHz and pulse width of 10 ns at the incident pump power of 8 W.
A quasi-TEM analysis for curved and straight planar multiconductor systems (1989)

A quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) analysis for straight and weakly curved planar multiconductor transmission lines is presented. This transverse field of a weakly curved planar multiconductor system is described by the static electric and magnetic solutions of the corresponding axially symmetrical structure. The capacitance and inductance matrices of this system of concentric microstrip rings are calculated using the method of lines. A two-port network consisting of circularly curved transmission lines is calculated and the results are compared with measured values. It is concluded that the proposed method of approximation is suited for analysis of microwave components as well as for high-speed digital circuits with interconnections consisting of curved striplines instead of straight lines with discontinuities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>