gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of independence in ribozyme reactions: kinetic behavior of trimmed and of simply connected multiple ribozymes with potential activity against human immunodeficiency virus. (1993)

The kinetic behavior of ribozymes derived from two types of multiple-ribozyme expression vector were examined. In some cases, multiple ribozymes were expressed as a single RNA molecule and all the ribozymes were simply connected in tandem (connected type). In other cases, multiple ribozymes were flanked by cis-acting ribozymes at both their 5' and 3' ends so that, upon transcription, multiple ribozymes were trimmed at both their 5' and 3' ends, with resultant liberation of multiple independent ribozymes (shotgun type). When levels of ribozyme expression were examined for the shotgun-type vector, the level of the ribozyme transcript was found to be proportional to the number of units (n) connected in tandem. Accordingly, the activities of the shotgun-type ribozymes, in terms of the cleavage of HIV-1 RNA in vitro, were also found to be proportional to the number of units connected in tandem (n). By contrast, the activities of the connected-type ribozymes reached plateau values at around n = 3. These results indicate that, when the shotgun-type expression system is used, it is theoretically possible to generate various independent ribozymes, each specific for a different target site, without sacrificing the activity of any individual ribozyme.
An optimal VP-based multicast routing in ATM networks (2002)

A number of multicast tree algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Their approach to modeling the problem has some drawbacks in applications for ATM networks since only a single multipoint connection request is considered in the presence of link capacity constraints. In this paper, we present a detailed mathematical model for the generalized multicast arborescence (i.e., a roofed out-tree) problem in which there are a number of concurrent multipoint connections of various traffic types. Point-to-point connections are also considered as a special case of multipoint connections. A solution to the model determines, in the most economical way, an establishment of VPCs with reserved capacity and multicast arborescences using the established VPCs for multipoint connections. This model is a natural extension of the virtual channel assignment problem introduced by Kim (1995). Algorithms and numerical results are presented.
[The significance of cyclin E expression and cyclin E-dependent kinase inhibitor in adult acute leukemia]. (2002)

Over expression of cyclin E may implicate occurrence and progression of AL. Over expression of cyclin E is an important influential factor for remission rate and relapse rate in AL patients.
Identification and Removal of Polymer- and Aggregate- Forming Proteins in Human Plasma Albumin Preparations (1994)

The presence of the glycoproteins haptoglobin and hemopexin in human plasma albumin (HPA) solutions were demonstrated to be responsible for the formation of polymers and aggregates during heat treatment for 10 h at 60 °C. Apart from haptoglobin and hemopexin three other contaminating proteins were identified as transferrin, Gc-globulin and β(2)-glycoprotein. During heat treatment the antigenicity of haptoglobin and hemopexin changed markedly and more than 90% of the antigens appeared as aggregates in the void volume during the following size chromatography. Without loss of albumin haptoglobin and hemopexin were removed from the HPA preparation by lectin (concanavalin A) affinity chromatography. The haptoglobin- and hemopexin-depleted HPA preparation did not form aggregates or polymers during heat treatment.
Germinal center development (1997)

Using a set of surface markers including IgD and CD38, human tonsillar B cells were classified into discrete subpopulations. Molecular and functional analysis allowed us to identify: i) two sets of naive B cells (Bm1 and Bm2); ii) germinal center founder cells (Bm2'); iii) an obscure population of germinal center B cells, displaying a high load of somatic mutations in IgV genes, C mu to C delta switch and preferential Ig lambda light chain usage: these cells may represent the precursors of normal and malignant IgD-secreting plasma cells; iv) the centroblasts (Bm3) in which somatic mutation machinery is activated; v) the centrocytes (Bm4) in which isotype switch occurs; vi) the memory B cells. The characterization of these subpopulations showed that: i) programmed cell death is set before somatic mutations, possibly providing an efficient way for affinity maturation; ii) only high affinity centrocytes are allowed to switch isotype; iii) CD40-ligation inhibits plasmacytic differentiation of mature B lymphocytes; iv) memory B cells preferentially differentiate into plasma cells; v) IgD isotype switch occurs in normal B cells; vi) receptor editing may be induced by somatic mutations in germinal centers. We also characterized two types of antigen-presenting cells in germinal centers: follicular dendritic cells that select high affinity B cells, and a new subset of germinal center dendritic cells that activate germinal center T cells.
Effect of Hemopure® on the Performance of Ektachem and Hitachi Clinical Analyzers (1997)

Hemopure®, an ultrapurified polymerized hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution, is currently undergoing evaluation in elective surgery patients (1). This experimental drug may obscure routine clinical chemistry assays because it is naturally pigmented and circulates in the plasma (2). Because chemistry analyzers use colorimetric methods for many of their tests, the presence of Hemopure in a sample may cause interference in the assay, depending upon the instrument used, the methodology, and the reagents. To obtain accurate chemistry results for both the clinical study and for patient management, it was necessary to determine the extent of these interferences. At each clinical trial site, the chemistry analyzers were challenged with samples containing Hemopure up to 50 g/L to determine the maximum amount of Hemopure that may be present in a sample to obtain accurate results for each test. Hitachi (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics) and Ektachem/Vitros …
Differential colon cancer cell adhesion to E-, P-, and L-selectin: role of mucin-type glycoproteins. (1995)

E-, P-, and L-selectin support the adhesion of leukocytes to the vessel wall through the recognition of specific carbohydrate ligands, which often contain sialylated, fucosylated lactosamines such as sialyl Lewis x [sLex; Neu5Ac alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc-]. E-selectin expressed by activated endothelium has been shown to support the adhesion of sLex-bearing colon cancer cells. In the present study, we examine the interactions of multiple colon cancer cell lines with all three selectins. Three colon cancer cell lines (LS 180, T84, and COLO 205) bound to recombinant purified E-, P-, and L-selectin. The colon cancer line COLO 320 bound to P- and L-selectin but not E-selectin; conversely, HT-29 cells bound E-selectin but not P- and L-selectin. Caco-2 showed little or no interaction with any of the three selectins. Treatment of the cells with O-sialoglycoprotease from Pasteurella haemolytica, an enzyme that selectively cleaves mucin-type O-linked glycoproteins, reduced binding to purified P- and L-selectin in all cases. In addition, recombinant soluble P- and L-selectin bound to affinity-purified mucins from all adherent tumor cell lines. Of the four tumor cell lines that interacted with E-selectin, O-glycoprotease treatment substantially diminished adhesion of LS 180 and T84, had little effect on COLO 205, and failed to inhibit the binding of HT-29. As predicted by these data, E-selectin showed substantial binding only to mucins purified from LS 180 and T84. These findings suggest that L- and P-selectin interact primarily with mucin-type ligands on colon cancers, whereas E-selectin can recognize both mucin and nonmucin ligands. Binding of the colon cancer lines to purified selectins correlates with their adhesion to activated endothelial cells (E-selectin-dependent), platelets (P-selectin-dependent), and neutrophils (L-selectin-dependent). These differential tumor cell-selectin interactions may influence metastatic spread and may also contribute to the observed variability in host response to tumor progression.
Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States (1998)

Previously reported increases of esophageal adenocarcinoma are continuing, most notably among white males. Cigarette smoking may contribute to the trend through an early stage carcinogenic effect, along with obesity, which may increase intraabdominal pressure and predispose to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Further research into esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma is needed to clarify the risk factors and mechanisms responsible for the upward trends as well as the racial and gender disparities in incidence.
Tunnel FET: A CMOS Device for high Temperature Applications (2006)

This paper presents experimental data on the temperature dependence of silicon tunnel field effect transistors (FETs) and corresponding simulations. It shows that the characteristics of tunnel transistors depend only weakly on temperature and that the "sub-threshold" swing is temperature independent. The behavior is compared to conventional MOSFETs
Prophylactic Implantation of a Defibrillator in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2002)

In patients with a prior myocardial infarction and advanced left ventricular dysfunction, prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator improves survival and should be considered as a recommended therapy.
Neuroproteomics in neurotrauma (2006)

Neurotrauma in the form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts more Americans annually than Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease combined, yet few researchers have used neuroproteomics to investigate the underlying complex molecular events that exacerbate TBI. Discussed in this review is the methodology needed to explore the neurotrauma proteome-from the types of samples used to the mass spectrometry identification and quantification techniques available. This neuroproteomics survey presents a framework for large-scale protein research in neurotrauma, as applied for immediate TBI biomarker discovery and the far-reaching systems biology understanding of how the brain responds to trauma. Ultimately, knowledge attained through neuroproteomics could lead to clinical diagnostics and therapeutics to lessen the burden of neurotrauma on society.
Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater and Waters of Impaired Quality (1994)

There has been increased interest in the use of artificial recharge of groundwater to augment groundwater supplies, particularly with reclaimed municipal wastewater and waters of impaired quality. Proposed guidelines for groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater are discussed with special reference to controlling microbiological and trace organic contaminants. Background information and the rational basis for the establishment of the guidelines are presented in this paper, which have been developed by the State of California Department of Health Services assisted by several expert committees. The proposed groundwater recharge guidelines are in the review process and are expected to be adopted shortly as a part of the State of California's revised Wastewater Reclamation Criteria.
Members of the Large Maf Transcription Family Regulate Insulin Gene Transcription in Islet β Cells (2003)

The C1/RIPE3b1 (-118/-107 bp) binding factor regulates pancreatic-beta-cell-specific and glucose-regulated transcription of the insulin gene. In the present study, the C1/RIPE3b1 activator from mouse beta TC-3 cell nuclear extracts was purified by DNA affinity chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. C1/RIPE3b1 binding activity was found in the roughly 46-kDa fraction at pH 7.0 and pH 4.5, and each contained N- and C-terminal peptides to mouse MafA as determined by peptide mass mapping and tandem spectrometry. MafA was detected in the C1/RIPE3b1 binding complex by using MafA peptide-specific antisera. In addition, MafA was shown to bind within the enhancer region (-340/-91 bp) of the endogenous insulin gene in beta TC-3 cells in the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. These results strongly suggested that MafA was the beta-cell-enriched component of the RIPE3b1 activator. However, reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that mouse islets express not only MafA but also other members of the large Maf family, specifically c-Maf and MafB. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that at least MafA and MafB were present within the nuclei of islet beta cells and not within pancreas acinar cells. Because MafA, MafB, and c-Maf were each capable of specifically binding to and activating insulin C1 element-mediated expression, our results suggest that all of these factors play a role in islet beta-cell function.
The AC and DC Conductivity of Nanocomposites (2007)

The microstructures of binary (conductor-insulator) composites, containing nanoparticles, will usually have one of two basic structures. The first is the matrix structure where the nanoparticles (granules) are embedded in and always coated by the matrix material and there are no particle-particle contacts. The AC and DC conductivity of this microstructure is usually described by the Maxwell-Wagner/Hashin-Shtrikman or Bricklayer model. The second is a percolation structure, which can be thought to be made up by randomly packing the two types of granules (not necessarily the same size) together. In percolation systems, there exits a critical volume fraction below which the electrical properties are dominated by the insulating component and above which the conducting component dominates. Such percolation systems are best analyzed using the two-exponent phenomenological percolation equation (TEPPE). This paper discusses all of the above and addresses the problem of how to distinguish among the microstructures using electrical measurements.
Single base discrimination for ribonuclease H-dependent antisense effects within intact human leukaemia cells (1995)

We have previously demonstrated, in vitro, that phosphodiester and phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides could direct ribonuclease H to cleave non-target RNA sites and that chimeric methylphosphonodiester/phosphodiester analogue structures were substantially more specific. In this report we show that such chimeric molecules can promote point mutation-specific scission of target mRNA by both Escherichia coli and human RNases H in vitro. Intact human leukaemia cells 'biochemically microinjected' with antisense effectors demonstrated efficient suppression of target mRNA expression. It was noted that the chimeric methylphosphonodiester/phosphodiester structures showed single base discrimination, whereas neither the phosphodiester nor phosphorothioate compounds were as stringent. Finally, we show that the antisense effects obtained in intact cells were due to endogenous RNase H activity.
Discovery of Positive Allosteric Modulators for the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 from a Series of N-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H- pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides That Potentiate Receptor Function in Vivo (2004)

This report describes the discovery of the first centrally active allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). Appropriately substituted N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides (e.g., 8) have been identified as a novel class of potent positive allosteric modulators of mGluR5 that potentiate the response to glutamate. An iterative analogue library synthesis approach provided potentiators with excellent potency and selectivity for mGluR5 (vs mGluRs 1-4, 7, 8). Compound 8q demonstrated in vivo proof of concept in an animal behavior model where known antipsychotics are active, supporting the development of new antipsychotics based on the NMDA hypofunction model for schizophrenia.
Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in tumor invasion (1999)

Degradation of basement membranes and stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. Degradation of ECM is initiated by proteinases secreted by different cell types participating in tumor cell invasion, and increased expression or activity of every known class of proteinases (metallo-, serine-, aspartic-, and cysteine) has been linked to malignancy and invasion of tumor cells. Studies performed over the last decade have revealed that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumor invasion. Expression of MMP genes is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of extracellular factors including cytokines, growth factors, and cell contact to ECM. This review will summarize the current view on the role of MMPs in tumor growth, invasion, and survival, and focus on the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AP-1 and ETS transcription factors in the regulation of MMP gene expression during invasion process.
Targeted sequencing of both DNA strands barcoded and captured individually by RNA probes to identify genome-wide ultra-rare mutations (2017)

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has been widely implemented in biological research and has made a profound impact on patient care. One of the essential NGS applications is to identify disease-causing sequence variants, where high coverage and accuracy are needed. Here, we reported a novel NGS pipeline, termed a Sequencing System of Digitalized Barcode Encrypted Single-stranded Library from Extremely Low (quality and quantity) DNA Input with Probe-based DNA Enrichment by RNA probes targeting DNA duplex (DEEPER-Seq). This method combines an ultra-sensitive single-stranded library construction with barcoding error correction, termed DEEPER-Library; and a DNA capture approach using RNA probes targeting both DNA strands, termed DEEPER-Capture. DEEPER-Seq can create NGS libraries from as little as 20 pg DNA with PCR error correcting capabilities, and capture target sequences at an average ratio of 29.2% by targeting both DNA strands simultaneously with an over 98.6% coverage. Our method tags and sequences each of the two strands of a DNA duplex independently and only scores mutations that are found at the same position in both strands, which allows us to identify mutations with allelic fractions down to 0.03% in a whole exome sequencing (WES) study with a background error rate of one artificial error per 4.8 × 10<sup>9</sup> nucleotides.
Spectroscopic properties of fluorescein in living lymphocytes (1987)

Detailed studies have been performed on various spectroscopic properties such as time dependence and excitation wavelength dependence of the fluorescence anisotropy for fluorescein molecules introduced into rat thymus lymphocytes. Experimental results have been found to be well interpreted in terms of the coexistence of two types of dye molecules, i.e., free and bound molecules. The fluorescence spectrum of only the bound molecules has been obtained from the difference in the time-resolved spectra of fluorescence with two polarization directions. The time gate has been set at a sufficiently late time after the excitation, so that the polarization memories of the free molecules are lost. The spectrum thus determined agrees very well with that calculated from the spectral data in the stationary condition. From the above results, we come to the conclusion that the main factors which determine the fluorescence anisotropy inside the cell are the fraction and the anisotropy of the bound dye molecules. Finally, we discuss how these factors are related to biological quantities.
A Unified Theory of Estimation and Inference for Nonlinear Dynamic Models. (1988)

Journal Article A Unified Theory of Estimation and Inference for Nonlinear Dynamic Models Get access A Unified Theory of Estimation and Inference for Nonlinear Dynamic Models. By A. RONALD GALLANT and HALBERT WHITE (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988. Pp. viii + 155. £27.50 hardback. ISBN 0 631 15765 4.) James Davidson James Davidson University of California, San Diego and London School of Economics Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 98, Issue 393, 1 December 1988, Pages 1215–1217, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233735 Published: 01 December 1988
Avian Flu Vaccine (2008)

A vaccine against H5N1 avian influenza has been engineered and tested by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Vaccine Research and the pharmaceutical company Novavax Inc, in Rockville, Md (Bright RA et al. PLoS ONE. 2008;3[1]:e1501).
Construction and performance of a 576×576 single-stage OXC (2003)

With the explosive growth in data communications, management of fiber networks becomes a crucial issue. Optical Cross-Connects (OXCs) are ideal for this application, if they satisfy several critical requirements: large fiber count, transparency (to allow future increase of bit rates), and low-loss performance. One practical way to create such an OXC uses a single-stage, free-space design. In this design, an optical unit attached to each fiber creates an expanded beam, which is directed in space. A large number of such optical units can interconnect to form a large, transparent, low-loss OXC. This basic free-space architecture is used in an existing commercial 72/spl times/72 multi-mode fiber cross-connect. Excellent performance has been demonstrated by these systems in the field. In this design, beam manipulation is performed with piezoelectric actuators which move the fiber in two degrees of freedom. In the new OXC under development, MEMS mirrors are used to direct the beams rather than the earlier piezo devices. Four control LEDs surround each mirror, emitting short-wave infrared light at 880 nm. These control signals are used for servo control of the position of the MEMS mirrors.
Oxy‐morphinane. (3. Mitteilung). Optisch aktive 3‐Oxy‐morphinane (1951)

Abstract 3‐Oxy‐N‐alkyl‐morphinane wurden in die optischen Antipoden gespalten und diese in Äther und Ester übergeführt.
Global Dispersal of Free-Living Microbial Eukaryote Species (2002)

The abundance of individuals in microbial species is so large that dispersal is rarely (if ever) restricted by geographical barriers. This "ubiquitous" dispersal requires an alternative view of the scale and dynamics of biodiversity at the microbial level, wherein global species number is relatively low and local species richness is always sufficient to drive ecosystem functions.
Architecture for a low complexity rate-adaptive Reed-Solomon encoder (1995)

Multiple error-correcting Reed-Solomon (RS) codes have many practical applications. The complexity of an RS encoder depends on multiplications in the finite field over which the code is defined. We consider a triangular basis for representing the field elements, and present an architecture for a rate-adaptive RS encoder using a triangular basis multiplication algorithm. The architecture supports pipeline and bit-serial operations, and has a low circuit complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>