gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin are nonpermissive substrates for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading in vitro (1988)

To study the interaction of neurons with CNS glial cells, dissociated sympathetic or sensory ganglion cells or fetal retinal cells were plated onto cultures of dissociated optic nerve glial cells of young rats. Whereas astrocytes favored neuron adhesion and neurite outgrowth, oligodendrocytes differed markedly in their properties as neuronal substrates. Immature (O4+, A2B5+, GalC-) oligodendrocytes were frequently contacted by neurons and neurites. In contrast, differentiated oligodendrocytes (O4+, A2B5-, GalC+) represented a nonpermissive substrate for neuronal adhesion and neurite growth. When neuroblastoma cells or 3T3 fibroblasts were plated into optic nerve glial cultures, the same differences were observed; differentiated oligodendrocytes were nonpermissive for cell adhesion, neurite growth, or fibroblast spreading. These nonpermissive oligodendrocytes were characterized by a radial, highly branched process network, often contained myelin basic protein, and may, therefore, correspond to cells actively involved in the production of myelin-like membranes. Isolated myelin from adult rat spinal cord was adsorbed to polylysine-coated culture dishes and tested as a substrate for peripheral neurons, neuroblastoma cells, or 3T3 cells. Again, cell attachment, neurite outgrowth, and fibroblast spreading was strongly impaired. General physicochemical properties of myelin were not responsible for this effect, since myelin from rat sciatic nerves favored neuron adhesion and neurite growth as well as spreading of 3T3 cells. These results show that differentiated oligodendrocytes express nonpermissive substrate properties, which may be of importance in CNS development or regeneration.
Marrow- and spleen-seeding efficiencies of all murine hematopoietic stem cell subsets are decreased by preincubation with hematopoietic growth factors (1995)

The cobblestone-area forming cell (CAFC) assay permits a direct measurement of the seeding of primitive and more mature murine hematopoietic stem cell subsets by comparing the number of CAFC in the original transplant with the number of CAFC retrieved from bone marrow (BM) and spleen after transplantation. We found no differences in seeding efficiency between the more mature and primitive CAFC subsets, nor between seeding efficiencies of stem cells from low-density (LD) fractions of normal and day-6 post-5-fluorouracil BM. The data show that 18% to 20% of all intravenously transplanted stem cell subsets seed to the BM, whereas 8% to 10% seed to the spleen. In addition, similar seeding efficiencies were found for day-12 spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S-12) as was determined by retransplantation. Previously, it has been reported that a 2- to 3-hour preincubation of BM with interleukin-3 (IL-3) enhances the in vivo repopulating ability of a graft. To test whether hematopoietic growth factors affected this increased engraftment by enhancing the seeding of the transplanted marrow, we assessed the 16- to 18-hour seeding efficiency of short- and long-term in vivo repopulating stem cell subsets to BM and spleen using the CAFC assay, after preincubation with or without hematopoietic growth factors. A 2- to 3-hour preincubation with IL-3, or a combination of IL-3, IL-12, and steel factor, at 37 degrees C, led to a substantial decrease in seeding compared with control (which was kept on ice) of all hematopoietic subsets measured, both in spleen and BM. In concert with these data, the long-term in vivo repopulating ability of growth-factor incubated BM was also decreased when compared with control. In conclusion, we have been unable to observe a beneficial effect of growth factor preincubation on the repopulating ability of a graft.
Critical Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-induced Osteoblastic Differentiation by Delta1/Jagged1-activated Notch1 Signaling (2005)

Functional involvement of the Notch pathway in osteoblastic differentiation has been previously investigated using the truncated intracellular domain, which mimics Notch signaling by interacting with the DNA-binding protein CBF-1. However, it is unclear whether Notch ligands Delta1 and Jagged1 also induce an identical cellular response in osteoblastic differentiation. We have shown that both Delta1 and Jagged1 were expressed concomitantly with Notch1 in maturating osteoblastic cells during bone regeneration and that overexpressed and immobilized recombinant Delta1 and Jagged1 alone did not alter the differentiated state of MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells. However, they augmented bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2)-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of several differentiation markers, except for osteocalcin, and ultimately enhanced calcified nodule and in vivo ectopic bone formation of MC3T3-E1. In addition, both ligands transmitted signal through the CBF-1-dependent pathway and stimulated the expression of HES-1, a direct target of Notch pathway. To test the necessity of Notch signaling in BMP2-induced differentiation, Notch signaling was inhibited by the dominant negative extracellular domain of Notch1, specific inhibitor, or small interference RNA. These treatments decreased alkaline phosphatase activity as well as the expression of other differentiation markers and inhibited the promoter activity of Id-1, a target gene of the BMP pathway. These results indicate the functional redundancy between Delta1 and Jagged1 in osteoblastic differentiation whereby Delta1/Jagged1-activated Notch1 enhances BMP2-induced differentiation through the identical signaling pathway. Furthermore, our data also suggest that functional Notch signaling is essential not only for BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation but also for BMP signaling itself.
Multinuclear PGSE Diffusion and Overhauser NMR Studies on a Variety of Salts in THF Solution (2005)

(1)H, (19)F, and (7)Li pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR measurements for a series of salts are reported. The (7)Li is shown to complement the (1)H and (19)F measurements; however, the use of higher concentrations (for the less-sensitive (7)Li) can lead to aggregation. For all of the salts discussed {Li(BF(4)); (n-Bu(4)N)(BF(4)), a trinuclear Ru cluster; [Ir(1,5-COD)(4)](BF(4)), where 4 is a chiral P,N ligand; and the crown ether stabilized potassium salt, [K(18-crown-6)(NPh(2))], 6}, the use of THF seems to promote strong ion pairing. In several cases, the degree of ion pairing approaches 100%. In THF solution, the potassium salt, 6, prefers to exist as a more classical ion pair rather than as the pi complex found in the solid state. In some cases, (1)H, (1)H NOESY and (1)H, (19)F HOESY spectra help to pinpoint the cation/anion spatial relationship.
ISO-66, a novel inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, shows efficacy in melanoma and colon cancer models (2014)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, which possesses a contributing role in cancer progression and metastasis and, thus, is now considered a promising anticancer drug target. Many MIF-inactivating strategies have proven successful in delaying cancer growth. Here, we report on the synthesis of ISO-66, a novel, highly stable, small-molecule MIF inhibitor, an analog of ISO-1 with improved characteristics. The MIF:ISO-66 co-crystal structure demonstrated that ISO-66 ligates the tautomerase active site of MIF, which has previously been shown to play an important role in its biological functions. In vitro, ISO-66 enhanced specific and non-specific anticancer immune responses, whereas prolonged administration of ISO-66 in mice with established syngeneic melanoma or colon cancer was non-toxic and resulted in a significant decrease in tumor burden. Subsequent ex vivo analysis of mouse splenocytes revealed that the observed decrease in tumor growth rates was likely mediated by the selective in vivo expansion of antitumor-reactive effector cells induced by ISO-66. Compared to other MIF-inactivating strategies employed in vivo, the anticancer activity of ISO-66 is demonstrated to be of equal or better efficacy. Our findings suggest that targeting MIF, via highly specific and stable compounds, such as ISO-66, may be effective for cancer treatment and stimulation of anticancer immune responses.
Functional analysis of the role of the A + T-rich region and upstream flanking sequences in simian virus 40 DNA replication. (1986)

One boundary of the minimal origin of replication of simian virus 40 DNA lies within the A + T-rich region. Deletion of only a few bases into the adenine-thymine (AT) stretch results in a DNA template which is defective for replication both in vivo and in vitro (B. Stillman, R. D. Gerard, R. A. Guggenheimer, and Y. Gluzman, EMBO J. 4:2933-2939, 1985). In the present study, such deletion mutations have been reconstructed into a simian virus 40 genome containing an intact early promoter-enhancer region. The resulting mutants synthesized wild-type levels of T antigen, but were defective for replication and would not form plaques on CV-1 monkey cells. Replication-competent phenotypic revertants were selected after transfection of large quantities of the replication-defective viral DNAs into CV-1 cells. DNA sequence analysis showed that most of these revertants contained insertions or point mutations which partially regenerate the length of the AT stretch. These genotypic alterations were shown to be responsible for the revertant phenotype by replication analysis in vivo of subcloned revertant origin fragments. In general, our results emphasize the importance of the AT region to simian virus 40 origin function. However, one revertant retained the altered AT region but deleted six nucleotides upstream. Experiments using this mutant indicate that the 21-base-pair repeats identified as part of the early transcriptional promoter may compensate for defects in simian virus 40 DNA replication in vivo caused by mutations in the A + T-rich region when positioned at an appropriate distance from the core origin.
Transcriptional Regulation during p21/-induced Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells (2002)

In this study we used adenovirus vector-mediated transduction of either the p53 gene (rAd-p53) or the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene (rAd-p21) to mimic both p53-dependent and -independent up-regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) within a human ovarian cancer cell line, 2774, and the derivative cell lines, 2774qw1 and 2774qw2. We observed that rAd-p53 can induce apoptosis in both 2774 and 2774qw1 cells but not in 2774qw2 cells. Surprisingly, overexpression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) also triggered apoptosis within these two cell lines. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the differential expression of BAX, BCL2, and caspase 3 genes, specific in rAd-p53-induced apoptotic cells, was not altered in rAd-p21-induced apoptotic cells, suggesting p21(WAF1/CIP1)-induced apoptosis through a pathway distinguishable from p53-induced apoptosis. Expression analysis of 2774qw1 cells infected with rAd-p21 on 60,000 cDNA microarrays identified 159 genes in response to p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in at least one time point with 2.5-fold change as a cutoff. Integration of the data with the parallel microarray experiments with rAd-p53 infection allowed us to extract 66 genes downstream of both p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) and 93 genes in response to p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression in a p53-independent pathway. The genes in the former set may play a dual role in both p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways, and the genes in the latter set gave a mechanistic molecular explanation for p53-independent p21(WAF1/CIP1)-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, promoter sequence analysis suggested that transcription factor E2F family is partially responsible for the differential expression of genes following p21(WAF1/CIP1). This study has profound significance toward understanding the role of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in p53-independent apoptosis.
Guided-wave reflectometry with micrometer resolution (1987)

We describe a new type of optical reflectometry which is useful in testing single-mode lightguide systems. This technique uses a scanning Michelson interferometer in conjunction with a broadband illuminating source and cross-correlation detection. High resolution is achieved through the limited coherence of the backscattered radiation. With this approach it is possible to distinguish scattering centers separated by only a few micrometers. In some cases loss may be estimated for components in the transmission path of a test lightguide. The basic principles of this diagnostic technique, along with some performance characteristics, are illustrated for an all-fiber reflectometer. We also discuss several laboratory applications which serve to demonstrate the resolution capabilities of this measurement concept.
Online Real-time Multiple Spatiotemporal Action Localisation and\n Prediction (2016)

We present a deep-learning framework for real-time multiple spatio-temporal\n(S/T) action localisation, classification and early prediction. Current\nstate-of-the-art approaches work offline and are too slow to be useful in real-\nworld settings. To overcome their limitations we introduce two major\ndevelopments. Firstly, we adopt real-time SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector)\nconvolutional neural networks to regress and classify detection boxes in each\nvideo frame potentially containing an action of interest. Secondly, we design\nan original and efficient online algorithm to incrementally construct and label\n`action tubes' from the SSD frame level detections. As a result, our system is\nnot only capable of performing S/T detection in real time, but can also perform\nearly action prediction in an online fashion. We achieve new state-of-the-art\nresults in both S/T action localisation and early action prediction on the\nchallenging UCF101-24 and J-HMDB-21 benchmarks, even when compared to the top\noffline competitors. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first real-time\n(up to 40fps) system able to perform online S/T action localisation and early\naction prediction on the untrimmed videos of UCF101-24.\n
2000 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Hematopoietic Colony-Stimulating Factors: Evidence-Based, Clinical Practice Guidelines (2000)

Article Tools ASCO SPECIAL ARTICLE Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.20.3558 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 11032599 2000 Update of Recommendations for the Use of Hematopoietic Colony-Stimulating Factors: Evidence-Based, Clinical Practice Guidelines Howard OzerxHoward OzerSearch for articles by this author , James O. ArmitagexJames O. ArmitageSearch for articles by this author , Charles L. BennettxCharles L. BennettSearch for articles by this author , Jeffrey CrawfordxJeffrey CrawfordSearch for articles by this author , George D. DemetrixGeorge D. DemetriSearch for articles by this author , Philip A. PizzoxPhilip A. PizzoSearch for articles by this author , Charles A. SchifferxCharles A. SchifferSearch for articles by this author , Thomas J. SmithxThomas J. SmithSearch for articles by this author , George SomloxGeorge SomloSearch for articles by this author , James C. WadexJames C. WadeSearch for articles by this author , James L. Wade IIIxJames L. Wade IIISearch for articles by this author , Rodger J. WinnxRodger J. WinnSearch for articles by this author , Antoinette J. WozniakxAntoinette J. WozniakSearch for articles by this author , Mark R. SomerfieldxMark R. SomerfieldSearch for articles by this author , for the American Society of Clinical Oncology Growth Factors Expert PanelxSearch for articles by this author Show More From the American Society of Clinical Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2000.18.20.3558 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Bcl-xS and Bad Potentiate the Death Suppressing Activities of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and A1 in Yeast (1998)

Members of the Bcl-2 family can be grouped into three classes based upon their effects on cell death. The first class suppresses death and includes Bcl-2. A second group, which includes Bax, is lethal, whereas a third class, including Bcl-xS, potentiates killing, although the members are not lethal by themselves. The proteins in the last class are proposed to exert their activity by binding to anti-apoptotic family members, thereby making the cell more susceptible to killing by another agent. To test this hypothesis, an inducible yeast expression system is reported that permits the functional analysis of three Bcl-2 family members. In yeast, Bax is lethal, and this activity is suppressed by Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and A1. Co-expression of Bcl-xS did not diminish the ability of any of the anti-apoptotic members to antagonize Bax. Rather, co-expression of Bcl-xS potentiated the anti-death activity of all three proteins. This effect was not the result of changes in either the levels or integrity of Bax or anti-apoptotic proteins. Thus, Bcl-xS can bind to anti-apoptotic family members, but this association does not result in loss of biological activity. Therefore, Bcl-xS may act downstream of Bax and in a pathway that is conserved in yeast.
Synthesis of a Substance P Antagonist with a Somatostatin Scaffold:  Factors Affecting Agonism/Antagonism at GPCRs and the Role of Pseudosymmetry (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTSynthesis of a Substance P Antagonist with a Somatostatin Scaffold: Factors Affecting Agonism/Antagonism at GPCRs and the Role of PseudosymmetryJosephine Liu, Dennis J. Underwood, Margaret A. Cascieri, Susan P. Rohrer, Louis-David Cantin, Gary Chicchi, Amos B. Smith, and Ralph HirschmannView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, DuPont Pharmaceutical Company, Wilmington, Delaware 19880, and Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 21, 3827–3831Publication Date (Web):September 29, 2000Publication History Received24 July 2000Published online29 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm000316hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm000316hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Antagonists,Peptides and proteins,Receptors,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Single Cell Electroporation Using Microfluidic Devices (2012)

Electroporation is a powerful technique to increase the permeability of cell membranes and subsequently introduce foreign materials into cells. Pores are created in the cell membrane upon application of an electric field (kV/cm). Most applications employ bulk electroporation, at the scale of 1 mL of cells (ca. one million cells). However, recent progresses have shown the interest to miniaturize the technique to a single cell. Single cell electroporation is achieved either using microelectrodes which are placed in close vicinity to one cell, or in a microfluidic format. We focus here on this second approach, where individual cells are trapped in micrometer-size structures within a microchip, exposed in situ to a high electric field and loaded with either a dye (proof-of-principle experiments) or a plasmid. Specifically, we present one device that includes an array of independent electroporation sites for customized and successive poration of nine cells. The different steps of the single cell electroporation protocol are detailed including cell sample preparation, cell trapping, actual cell poration and on-chip detection of pore formation. Electroporation is illustrated here with the transport of dyes through the plasma membrane, the transfection of cells with GFP-encoding plasmids, and the study of the ERK1 signaling pathway using a GFP-ERK1 protein construct expressed by the cells after their transfection with the corresponding plasmid. This last example highlights the power of microfluidics with the implementation of various steps of a process (cell poration, culture, imaging) performed at the single cell level, on a single device.
A leucine‐rich repeat protein of carrot that exhibits antifreeze activity (1999)

A gene encoding an antifreeze protein (AFP) was isolated from carrot (Daucus carota) using sequence information derived from the purified protein. The carrot AFP is highly similar to the polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) family of apoplastic plant leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Expression of the AFP gene is rapidly induced by low temperatures. Furthermore, expression of the AFP gene in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants leads to an accumulation of antifreeze activity. Our findings suggest that a new type of plant antifreeze protein has recently evolved from PGIPs.
A review on recent advances of CNTs as gas sensors (2017)

Purpose This review paper aims to focus on recent advances of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to produce gas sensors. Gas sensors are widely used for monitoring hazardous gas leakages and emissions in the industry, households and other areas. For better safety and a healthy environment, it is highly desirable to have gas sensors with higher accuracy and enhanced sensing features. Design/methodology/approach In this review, the authors focus on recent contributions of CNTs to the technology for developing different types of gas sensors. The design, fabrication process and sensing mechanism of each gas sensor are summarized, together with their advantages and disadvantages. Findings Nowadays, CNTs are well-known materials which have attracted a significant amount of attention owing to their excellent electrical, electronic and mechanical properties. On exposure to various gases, their properties allow the detection of gases using different methods. Therefore, over recent years, researchers have developed several different types of gas sensors along with other types of sensors for temperature, strain, pressure, etc. Originality/value The main purpose of this review is to introduce CNTs as candidates for future research in the field of gas sensing applications and to focus on current technical challenges associated with CNT-based gas sensors.