gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building Trust in Storage Outsourcing: Secure Accounting of Utility Storage (2007)

We are witnessing a revival of storage service providers in the form of new vendors as well as traditional players. While storage outsourcing is cost-effective, many companies are hesitating to outsource their storage due to security concerns. The success of storage outsourcing is highly dependent on how well the providers can establish trust with their consumers. While significant work has been done to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data, a practical solution for accounting of outsourced storage is still at large missing. This paper presents Saksha, a secure accounting system that enables automated and verifiable metering of the resources utilized by the consumers. A provider that includes Saksha as a part of its storage service can prove to its customers the amount of resources utilized by them. As a result, Saksha will help to enhance trust by preventing any inflation or deflation of the service usage. Saksha is not restricted to any particular pricing model; it can be applied to the popular pay-per-use pricing model for utility storage as well as many of its variants. In addition, it can be used by the consumers to periodically evaluate their usage and reassess their outsourcing requirements. Saksha is developed such that it can be layered on the top of networked file systems. Our performance results demonstrate that Saksha is efficient and can be used in practice.
Mellin-Stieltjes Transforms in Probability Theory (1957)

Mellin-Stieltjes transforms are very useful in solving problems in which products and ratios of random variables are encountered. The paper relates some general considerations pertaining to the application of these transforms (Section 1), and also gives a concrete example of their use in studying analytical properties of stable distributions (Section 2). In the first section the relationship between the Mellin-Stieltjes transform, the unilateral Laplace-Stieltjes transform and the characteristic function of a given distribution is established. For the sake of simplicity, all distributions in Section 1 are considered as being continuous at zero. The concepts "truncation" and equivalence of random variables are also introduced there. Any random variable having a distribution function \[ \tilde F(x) = \frac{{F(x) - F(0)}}{{1 - F(0)}},\ x \geqq 0;\quad \tilde F(x) \equiv 0,\ x \leqq 0 \] is called the truncation$\xi $of the random variable$\xi $having a distribution function$F(x)$. Truncations may also-be considered as functions of an initial random variable $\xi $ (two different representations of $\xi $ are given as a function of $\xi $). Random variables $\xi _1 $ and $\xi _2 $ are considered as being equivalent and are designated as $\xi _1 \approx \xi _2 $ if the distribution functions corresponding to them are equal. The concepts of truncations and equivalency of random variables are systematically employed in the second section in establishing precise and limiting relationships in the class of stable distributions. Stable distributions naturally decompose into two analytically independent branches if the shift parameter $\gamma $ is specially selected. For $\alpha \ne 1$ it is possible to determine an explicit expression of the Mellin transform for these branches employing Euler's $\Gamma $-function. These two circumstances justify the use of the above mentioned concepts. This explicit representation of the Mellin transforms in turn is used to determine a whole series of relationships between branches of stable distributions, in which all previously known relationships of the same type are special cases. It should be noted that in paragraph 2.6 all random variables, which are written separately, are considered independent. The behaviour of stable distributions near critical points $\alpha = 0$ and $\alpha = 1$ is investigated in the second section.
The synthesis and evaluation of some coumarin derivatives as fluorescent indicators of nitroreductase activity (2006)

The carbamate 8 was reacted with appropriate β-keto esters in a Pechmann reaction giving the coumarin derivatives 9–11 bearing 4-nitrobenzylcarbamoyl triggers. These compounds were assessed as potential indicators of nitroreductase activity.
Systems Analysis of N-Glycan Processing in Mammalian Cells (2007)

N-glycosylation plays a key role in the quality of many therapeutic glycoprotein biologics. The biosynthesis reactions of these oligosaccharides are a type of network in which a relatively small number of enzymes give rise to a large number of N-glycans as the reaction intermediates and terminal products. Multiple glycans appear on the glycoprotein molecules and give rise to a heterogeneous product. Controlling the glycan distribution is critical to the quality control of the product. Understanding N-glycan biosynthesis and the etiology of microheterogeneity would provide physiological insights, and facilitate cellular engineering to enhance glycoprotein quality. We developed a mathematical model of glycan biosynthesis in the Golgi and analyzed the various reaction variables on the resulting glycan distribution. The Golgi model was modeled as four compartments in series. The mechanism of protein transport across the Golgi is still controversial. From the viewpoint of their holding time distribution characteristics, the two main hypothesized mechanisms, vesicular transport and Golgi maturation models, resemble four continuous mixing-tanks (4CSTR) and four plug-flow reactors (4PFR) in series, respectively. The two hypotheses were modeled accordingly and compared. The intrinsic reaction kinetics were first evaluated using a batch (or single PFR) reactor. A sufficient holding time is needed to produce terminally-processed glycans. Altering enzyme concentrations has a complex effect on the final glycan distribution, as the changes often affect many reaction steps in the network. Comparison of the glycan profiles predicted by the 4CSTR and 4PFR models points to the 4PFR system as more likely to be the true mechanism. To assess whether glycan heterogeneity can be eliminated in the biosynthesis of biotherapeutics the 4PFR model was further used to assess whether a homogeneous glycan profile can be created through metabolic engineering. We demonstrate by the spatial localization of enzymes to specific compartments all terminally processed N-glycans can be synthesized as homogeneous products with a sufficient holding time in the Golgi compartments. The model developed may serve as a guide to future engineering of glycoproteins.
Objective image quality measure derived from digital image power spectra (1992)

An objective image quality measure based on the digital image power spectrum of normally acquired arbitrary scenes is developed. This image quality measure, which does not require imaging either designed targets or a constant scene, utilizes the previously known invariance property for the power spectra of arbitrary scenes. The measure incorporates a representation of the human visual system, a novel approach to account for directional differences in perspective (scale) for obliquely acquired scenes, and a filter developed to account for imaging system noise as specifically evidenced in the image power spectra. The primary application is to assess the quality of digital images relevant to the image task of detection, recognition, and identification of man-made objects from softcopy displayed versions of visible spectral region digital aerial images. Experimental verification is presented demonstrating very good correlation (<i>r</i>=0.9) of this objective quality measure with visual quality assessments.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new mixed-valence complex of copper (I, II) alpha-methacrylate with triphenylphosphine and methanol (1998)

Copper (II) alpha-methacryrate reacts with triphenylphosphine to form mixed-valence copper (I,II) complex Cu-4(CH2=C(CH3)COO)(6)(PPh3)(4)(CH3OH)(2) in methanol solution. The crystal and molecular structure of the complex has been determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis. This material forms pale green crystals with triclinic symmetry, space group Pi, a=1.3567 (2) nm, b=1.3946 (3) nm, c=1.4569 (3) nm, alpha=66.069 (14)degrees, beta=84.234 (14)degrees, gamma=69.975 (13)degrees, R=0.0536.
Increased Dietary Intake of Saturated Fatty Acid Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0) Associated with Decreasing Ferritin and Alleviated Metabolic Syndrome in Dolphins (2015)

Similar to humans, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can develop metabolic syndrome and associated high ferritin. While fish and fish-based fatty acids may protect against metabolic syndrome in humans, findings have been inconsistent. To assess potential protective factors against metabolic syndrome related to fish diets, fatty acids were compared between two dolphin populations with higher (n = 30, Group A) and lower (n = 19, Group B) mean insulin (11 ± 12 and 2 ± 5 μIU/ml, respectively; P < 0.0001) and their dietary fish. In addition to higher insulin, triglycerides, and ferritin, Group A had lower percent serum heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) compared to Group B (0.3 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.4%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Using multivariate stepwise regression, higher percent serum C17:0, a saturated fat found in dairy fat, rye, and some fish, was an independent predictor of lower insulin in dolphins. Capelin, a common dietary fish for Group A, had no detectable C17:0, while pinfish and mullet, common in Group B's diet, had C17:0 (41 and 67 mg/100g, respectively). When a modified diet adding 25% pinfish and/or mullet was fed to six Group A dolphins over 24 weeks (increasing the average daily dietary C17:0 intake from 400 to 1700 mg), C17:0 serum levels increased, high ferritin decreased, and blood-based metabolic syndrome indices normalized toward reference levels. These effects were not found in four reference dolphins. Further, higher total serum C17:0 was an independent and linear predictor of lower ferritin in dolphins in Group B dolphins. Among off the shelf dairy products tested, butter had the highest C17:0 (423mg/100g); nonfat dairy products had no detectable C17:0. We hypothesize that humans' movement away from diets with potentially beneficial saturated fatty acid C17:0, including whole fat dairy products, could be a contributor to widespread low C17:0 levels, higher ferritin, and metabolic syndrome.
Bound-state interferometry using incoherent light (1995)

Rydberg states in sodium are excited using two identical broadband, dye laser pulses. Each 8 ns pulse has a bandwidth of approximately 45 cm-1, and Rydberg states with several different principal quantum numbers are simultaneously excited. The number of Rydberg atoms created by each pulse pair is detected as a function of the delay between the two pulses. Strong modulations in the population in each Rydberg level and in the total Rydberg signal are observed. The oscillations are identical to those which would be expected if two transform-limited, 300 fs laser pulses had been used. We show explicitly, in the limit of weak pulses, that these 'bound-state interferograms' acquired using the time-domain, Ramsey separated-oscillatory fields method are only dependent on the excitation cross section and pulse frequency spectrum. Therefore, weak-field interferograms do not in themselves give information on the spatial-distribution of the electron wavefunction. In addition, the benefits of using strong or weak pulses for bound-state interferometry are discussed.
Heavy oils, principally long-chain n-alkanes secreted by Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum strain P5 isolated from mangrove system (2014)

In this study, the yeast strain P5 isolated from a mangrove system was identified to be a strain of Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum and was found to be able to secrete a large amount of heavy oil into medium. After optimization of the medium for heavy oil production and cell growth by the yeast strain P5, it was found that 120.0 g/l of glucose and 0.1 % corn steep liquor were the most suitable for heavy oil production. During 10-l fermentation, the yeast strain P5 produced 32.5 g/l of heavy oil and cell mass was 23.0 g/l within 168 h. The secreted heavy oils contained 66.15 % of the long-chain n-alkanes and 26.4 % of the fatty acids, whereas the compositions of the fatty acids in the yeast cells were only C16:0 (21.2 %), C16:1(2.8 %), C18:0 (2.9 %), C18:1 (39.8 %), and C18:2 (33.3 %). We think that the secreted heavy oils may be used as a new source of petroleum in marine environments. This is the first report of yeast cells which can secrete the long-chain n-alkanes.
IL-12 as mediator and adjuvant for the induction of contact sensitivity in vivo (1995)

To determine whether IL-12 serves as a regulator of contact sensitivity reactions, mice were painted with either 1.0% trinitrochlorobenzene or 0.5% dinitrofluorobenzene on abdominal skin. At various time points thereafter, regional lymph nodes or spleens were prepared for RNA extraction, and the signals for IL-12 p35 and p40 chain were sought by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Time course analysis showed a constitutive expression of p35 chain mRNA signals throughout the experiment (0 to 72 h), whereas the signal for the p40 chain was transiently induced in lymph node and spleen cells after 12 to 14 h. Cellular depletion experiments and double label in situ hybridization studies showed that dendritic cells were sources for a major part of the p40 chain message. The presence of functional IL-12 in culture supernatants was indirectly assessed by addition of anti-IL-12 antiserum and analysis of IFN-gamma production. Significant amounts of IFN-gamma could only be detected in supernatants of allergen-treated animals. Addition of anti-IL-12 antiserum inhibited IFN-gamma production by about 55%. In a further attempt to assess the role of IL-12 in contact sensitivity, anti-IL-12 antiserum was injected i.p. into mice, and ear swelling responses were assessed following challenge. Injection of anti-IL-12 antiserum significantly reduced ear swelling responses by 85%. Thus anti-IL-12 treatment almost completely prevented sensitization. To assess whether IL-12 would be able to overcome in vivo tolerance, UV-tolerized animals were treated with i.p. IL-12 in a contact allergy system. Treatment of mice with IL-12 not only prevented tolerance induction, but was able to reverse UV-induced tolerance. In aggregate, our data point to an important role for IL-12 as a mediator and adjuvant for the induction of contact sensitivity in vivo.
Low molecular weight and polymeric triphenylenes as hole transport materials in organic two‐layer LEDs (1997)

The benefits of using hexa‐alkoxytriphenylenes as hole transport materials for two‐layer light‐emitting diodes are reported. Both low molecular weight and polymeric triphenylenes are investigated. The polyacrylate shown in the figure is demonstrated to have excellent film‐forming properties and combines sufficient charge carrier mobility with good hole injection properties to make it a very suitable hole transport material. magnified image
A simplified method for Ca2+ flux measurement on isolated human B cells that uses flow cytometry (1997)

A method for Ca2+ flux measurement on isolated human peripheral B cells that uses flow cytometry is described. B cells were isolated by anti-CD19 magnetic bead sorting, and Ca2+ flux was measured with the fluo-3 reagent on a standard single-laser flow cytometer. The response of B-cell stimulation by anti-immunoglobulin B (anti-IgM), anti-IgD, protein A, concanavalin A, and ionomycin was determined. Percentage of responder B cells, the level of Ca2+, and the time of peak stimulation were measured. Bound anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody coupled with small paramagnetic particles did not affect Ca2+ flux. All the isolated B cells responded maximally at 10s with stimulation by 8 microg of ionomycin. The average isolated preparation contains 70% IgM+ and 85% IgD+ cells, all of which showed peak stimulation with 10 microg of anti-IgM and anti-IgD per ml, respectively, at 30s. Only at high concentrations of 80 microg/ml, concanavalin A produced a slower response, peaking at 90 s after stimulation. Stimulation with 20 microg of protein A per ml resulted in Ca2+ flux in only 40 to 60% of cells that had a rapid response and maximal stimulation resembling the pattern of activation of ionomycin. B cells from three patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia with high concentrations of monoclonal rheumatoid factors showed stimulation with aggregated IgG, whereas those from healthy control subjects did not, demonstrating the applicability of the methodology to detection of specific antigen stimulation of B cells. This methodology may be useful in testing the functional capacity of B cells in a variety of diseases. The methodology may also prove useful in studying antigen-specific B-cell responses when they involve a significant percentage of B cells.
Transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells improves hindlimb function in rats with spinal cord injury (2006)

Transplantation of HAECs can improve the hindlimb motor function of rats with spinal cord injury.
Fabrication of Low‐Density Ferrous Metallic Foams by Reduction of Chemically Bonded Ceramic Foams (2006)

Closed cell ferrous foams were fabricated using a chemically bonded oxide ceramic foam precursor. The major constituent of the ceramic foam precursor was iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), which was mixed with various foaming/setting additives. The density of the foam was modified by varying the ambient pressure under which foaming was carried out. Further, a magnesium–ammonium phosphate‐based cement system was utilized to promote more rapid setting times and hence minimize foam collapse. The oxide foam was then reduced by heating at 1240°C in a non‐flammable hydrogen/inert gas mixture to obtain metallic foams. The relative density of samples foamed under a reduced pressure (∼380 Torr) was 0.13±0.006, which is the lowest value reported to date for a closed cell ferrous foam. A relative density of 0.21±0.01 was achieved for samples foamed under atmospheric pressure. With regard to the foam morphology, the average cell diameter was 1.41±0.6 mm for the low‐density (LD) foams, and 0.96±0.2 mm for the high‐density (HD) foams. The iron foams were tested in compression and yielded an average compressive strength of 11±1 and 19±4 MPa for the LD and HD foams, respectively. A comparison based on a bending strength performance index showed that the properties of the ceramic–precursor‐derived foams compared favorably with those of steel foams fabricated by other techniques.
V/sub TH/-hopping scheme for 82% power saving in low-voltage processors (2002)

A threshold voltage hopping (V/sub TH/-hopping) scheme is proposed where V/sub TH/ is dynamically controlled through software depending on a workload. V/sub TH/-hopping is shown to reduce the power to 18% of the fixed low-V/sub TH/ circuits in 0.5 V supply voltage regime for multimedia applications. A positive back-gate bias scheme within V/sub TH/-hopping is presented for the high-performance and low-voltage processors. The measurement result shows about 90% leakage power reduction is possible by using V/sub TH/-hopping.
Development of wafer thinning and double-sided bumping technologies for the three-dimensional stacked LSI (2003)

The three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking technology has been developed extensively recently for the next generation packaging technology. The technology includes thorough electrode fabrication, wafer thinning, wafer backside processing, testing, and chip stacking. Wafer thinning and wafer backside processing are important technologies among them, because these technologies accommodate small and thin form factor, enable thin chip stacking, and enhances electrical and mechanical reliability of the stacked module. In this paper, novel technologies of wafer thinning and wafer backside processes that include insulation film formation and bumping on the backside of the thinned wafer are described.
Methyltrimethoxysilane-insulated piezoelectric microcantilevers for direct, all-electrical biodetection in buffered aqueous solutions (2006)

We have examined coating (PbMg1∕3Nb2∕3O3)0.63–(PbTiO3)0.37 (PMN-PT)/tin piezoelectric microcantilever sensors (PEMSs) with a thin methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) by a simple solution method to electrically insulate the PEMS for biodetection in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solutions. The PMN-PT/tin PEMSs were constructed using PMN-PT freestanding films that exhibited an electric-field-enhanced giant piezoelectric coefficient. The insulation procedure involved spin coatings of MTMS followed by cross-linking in water, which yielded a coating layer of about 10nm in thickness on the tin side of the PEMS. We showed that the MTMS-insulated PMN-PT/tin PEMSs were capable of electrical self-excitation and self-sensing with a stable resonance spectrum exhibiting a quality factor of Q=50 when submerged in 0.1M PBS solution. Direct, all-electrical, in situ detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at various concentrations was demonstrated at a flow rate of 0.5ml∕min. A MTMS-insulated PMN-PT/tin PEMS 725μm long consisting of a 22-μm-thick PMN-PT layer and a 6-μm-thick tin layer exhibited a mass detection sensitivity Δm∕Δf=−3±2×10−12g∕Hz and a concentration sensitivity of better than 100cells∕ml in less than 1ml of liquid.
A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action (2006)

We proposed previously that Cas proteins comprise a novel DNA repair system. The association of the cas genes with CRISPR and, especially, the presence, in CRISPR units, of unique inserts homologous to phage and plasmid genes make us abandon this hypothesis. It appears most likely that CASS is a prokaryotic system of defense against phages and plasmids that functions via the RNAi mechanism. The functioning of this system seems to involve integration of fragments of foreign genes into archaeal and bacterial chromosomes yielding heritable immunity to the respective agents. However, it appears that this inheritance is extremely unstable on the evolutionary scale such that the repertoires of unique psiRNAs are completely replaced even in closely related prokaryotes, presumably, in response to rapidly changing repertoires of dominant phages and plasmids.
Systematic Analysis of Immune Infiltrates in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Reveals CD20, FoxP3 and TIA-1 as Positive Prognostic Factors (2009)

Host immune responses to EOC vary widely according to histological subtype and the extent of residual disease. TIA-1, FoxP3 and CD20 emerge as new positive prognostic factors in high-grade serous EOC from optimally debulked patients.