gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining classifiers in text categorization (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Combining classifiers in text categorization Authors: Leah S. Larkey Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile , W. Bruce Croft Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '96: Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalAugust 1996 Pages 289–297https://doi.org/10.1145/243199.243276Published:18 August 1996Publication History 193citation1,684DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations193Total Downloads1,684Last 12 Months108Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Lingering Consequences of Sepsis (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative efficacy of first-line natalizumab vs IFN-β or glatiramer acetate in relapsing MS (2016)

This study provides Class IV evidence that first-line natalizumab for RRMS improves relapse rates and treatment persistence outcomes compared to first-line IFN-β/GA.
Expression of C-ERBB-2 Gene Product in Urinary Bladder Cancer (1991)

Expression of the c-erbB-2 gene product and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was investigated in 54 cases of human bladder cancer immunohistologically and by Western blot analysis. For detection of the c-erbB-2 product, two specific antibodies, a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed to the intracellular domain and a murine monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope in the extracellular domain, were used. Seventeen cases of bladder cancer were stained by the anti-c-erbB-2 polyclonal antibody, while 20 cases were stained by the monoclonal antibody, with good correlation on both stainings (p less than 0.01). There were four c-erbB-2 positive cases in 26 G1 tumors, four in 15 G2 tumors, and nine in 13 G3 tumors. There were also eight erbB-2 positive cases in nine muscle-invasive tumors, nine of 45 superficial tumors, four of five with lymph node metastasis, and seven of 14 without metastasis, as revealed by staining with the polyclonal antibody. Thus, the c-erbB-2 gene product was more frequently expressed in high grade tumors (p less than 0.01), in high stage tumors (p less than 0.01), and nodal metastatic tumors (N.S. by Chi-square test). Twenty-two of the 54 tumors were stained by an anti-EGF-R monoclonal antibody, 528 IgG. The expression of EGF-R was independent of histological grading, tumor stage, and nodal status, and no correlation was observed between expression of the c-erbB-2 product and EGF-R. The c-erbB-2 product may be applicable as a tumor marker for evaluation of malignant potential, invasiveness, and probably metastatic potential of human bladder cancer.
Protein prenylation in eukaryotic microorganisms: genetics, biology and biochemistry (1994)

Modification of proteins at C-terminal cysteine residue(s) by the isoprenoids farnesyl (C15) and geranylgeranyl (C20) is essential for the biological function of a number of eukaryotic proteins including fungal mating factors and the small, GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. Three distinct enzymes, conserved between yeast and mammals, have been identified that prenylate proteins: farnesyl protein transferase, geranylgeranyl protein transferase type I and geranylgeranyl protein transferase type II. Each prenyl protein transferase has its own protein substrate specificity. Much has been learned about the biology, genetics and biochemistry of protein prenylation and prenyl protein transferases through studies of eukaryotic microorganisms, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The functional importance of protein prenylation was first demonstrated with fungal mating factors. The initial genetic analysis of prenyl protein transferases was in S. cerevisiae with the isolation and subsequent characterization of mutations in the RAM1, RAM2, CDC43 and BET2 genes, each of which encodes a prenyl protein transferase subunit. We review here these and other studies on protein prenylation in eukaryotic microbes and how they relate to and have contributed to our knowledge about protein prenylation in all eukaryotic cells.
Tyrosine kinase‐dependent modulation by interferon‐α of the ATP‐sensitive K+ current in rabbit ventricular myocytes (1999)

We examined the effects of interferon-alpha on the ATP-sensitive K+ current (IK,ATP) in rabbit ventricular cells using the patch-clamp technique. IK,ATP was induced by NaCN. Whole-cell experiments indicated that interferon-alpha (5 x 10(2) - 2.4 x 10(4) U/ml) inhibited IK,ATP in a concentration-dependent manner (60.7+/-7.5% with 2.4 x 10(4) U/ml). In cell-attached configuration, interferon-alpha (2.4 x 10(4) U/ml) applied to the external solution also inhibited the activity of the single ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel by 56.0+/-5.8% without affecting the single channel conductance. The inhibitory effect of IK,ATP by interferon-alpha was blocked by genistein and herbimycin A, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but was not affected by N-(2-metylpiperazyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfoamide (H-7), an inhibitor of protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These findings suggest that interferon-alpha inhibits the cardiac KATP channel through the activation of tyrosine kinase. The tyrosine kinase-mediated inhibition of IK,ATP by cytokines may aggravate cell damage during myocardial ischemia.
Electrostatic nanopatterning of PMMA by AFM charge writing for directed nano-assembly (2008)

Electrostatic nanopatterning of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) thin films by atomic force microscopy (AFM) charge writing was investigated using Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). The lateral size of the electrostatic patterns and the amount of injected charges are closely correlated and can be controlled by the height of the voltage pulses applied to the AFM tip and the tip-sample separation during the writing process. Charge retention measurements show that PMMA has excellent charge storage properties in air under relative humidities from 1% to 60% and withstands immersion in ultra-pure water. This study thus reveals that PMMA is a very promising electret to create efficient electrostatic nanopatterns for directed self-assembly of nanoscale objects, including the broad range of colloidal particles or molecules in aqueous solutions.
DNA Recognition, Strand Selectivity, and Cleavage Mode during Integrase Family Site-specific Recombination (2000)

We have probed the association of Flp recombinase with its DNA target using protein footprinting assays. The results are consistent with the domain organization of the Flp protein and with the general features of the protein-DNA interactions revealed by the crystal structures of the recombination intermediates formed by Cre, the Flp-related recombinase. The similarity in the organization of the Flp and Cre target sites and in their recognition by the respective recombinases implies that the overall DNA-protein geometry during strand cleavage in the two systems must also be similar. Within the functional recombinase dimer, it is the interaction between two recombinase monomers bound on either side of the strand exchange region (or spacer) that provides the allosteric activation of a single active site. Whereas Cre utilizes the cleavage nucleophile (the active site tyrosine) in cis, Flp utilizes it in trans (one monomer donating the tyrosine to its partner). By using synthetic Cre and Flp DNA substrates that are geometrically restricted in similar ways, we have mapped the positioning of the active and inactive tyrosine residues during cis and trans cleavage events. We find that, for a fixed substrate geometry, Flp and Cre cleave the labile phosphodiester bond at the same spacer end, not at opposite ends. Our results provide a model that accommodates local heterogeneities in peptide orientations in the two systems while preserving the global functional architecture of the reaction complex.
Embryonic development and pattern formation (1996)

During embryogenesis, information encoded in the genome is translated into cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and early stages of differentiation. Embryonic pattern arises from the spatial and temporal regulation and coordination of these events. The vitamin A (retinol) derivative retinoic acid (RA) is essential for normal development. Mammalian embryos are protected against vitamin A deficiency by maternal retinoid homeostasis until stored retinoids fall to very low levels. Retinol binding protein, which is synthesized in the yolk sac placenta of rodent embryos and in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta, is essential for access of retinol to the embryo. Synthesis and metabolism of RA may involve cytoplasmic binding proteins, but the observation that mutants lacking these proteins are normal or near-normal suggests that they are not essential. Severe congenital vitamin A deficiency results in a spectrum of malformations including defects of the eye, lungs, cardiovascular system, and urogenital system. Extreme deficiency results as well in forelimb abnormalities and cleft face, but the embryos are not viable. Similar abnormalities are observed in embryos lacking two retinoid receptors, but loss of one receptor results in either normal development or mild abnormalities. Two single-receptor null mutants, RARgamma-/- and RXRalpha-/-, show regional pattern-specific resistance to teratogenic levels of RA. Mutations leading to abnormality of the structure or regulation of RA signaling pathway genes may be an important cause of human congenital abnormality.
Rearrangements to the JP1, JP and JP2 segments in the human T‐cell rearranging gamma gene (TRGγ) locus (1987)

In the human T-cell rearranging gamma (TRG gamma) locus, five joining (J) segments have been identified: J1, J2 and three additional segments JP, JP1 and JP2. We report the sequence of the germline JP1 segment and compare it with the other human and mouse J gamma segments. We also demonstrate that rearrangements to the three additional J gamma segments can be identified by hybridization of the KpnI digests to the J gamma 1 probe pH60. Since rearrangements to J1 or J2 can be assigned, using the same pH60 probe, to one of the nine variable (V) gamma genes known to rearrange [(1987) EMBO J. 6, 1945-1950], our results show that a unique probe can detect all the TRG gamma rearrangements and be particularly useful for assessing the preferential usage of V gamma and J gamma segments in the TRG gamma-expressing cells.
Improving the reliability of commodity operating systems (2005)

Despite decades of research in extensible operating system technology, extensions such as device drivers remain a significant cause of system failures. In Windows XP, for example, drivers account for 85% of recently reported failures.This article describes Nooks, a reliability subsystem that seeks to greatly enhance operating system (OS) reliability by isolating the OS from driver failures. The Nooks approach is practical: rather than guaranteeing complete fault tolerance through a new (and incompatible) OS or driver architecture, our goal is to prevent the vast majority of driver-caused crashes with little or no change to the existing driver and system code. Nooks isolates drivers within lightweight protection domains inside the kernel address space, where hardware and software prevent them from corrupting the kernel. Nooks also tracks a driver's use of kernel resources to facilitate automatic cleanup during recovery.To prove the viability of our approach, we implemented Nooks in the Linux operating system and used it to fault-isolate several device drivers. Our results show that Nooks offers a substantial increase in the reliability of operating systems, catching and quickly recovering from many faults that would otherwise crash the system. Under a wide range and number of fault conditions, we show that Nooks recovers automatically from 99% of the faults that otherwise cause Linux to crash.While Nooks was designed for drivers, our techniques generalize to other kernel extensions. We demonstrate this by isolating a kernel-mode file system and an in-kernel Internet service. Overall, because Nooks supports existing C-language extensions, runs on a commodity operating system and hardware, and enables automated recovery, it represents a substantial step beyond the specialized architectures and type-safe languages required by previous efforts directed at safe extensibility.
Oral History and Heritage Work (2003)

A personal view from the Director, Research Institute for Cultural Heritage, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, and the keynote address at the National Conference of the Oral History Association of Australia, Perth, September 2003. As counter to some criticisms of the value of the methodology, Professor Dolan provides examples of oral history interviews that provide discovery and documentation of how people understand, construct, care and feel about the social values of various places of heritage significance. Such records can play a vital role in this context, providing evidence that is often unique within the range of material gained from various techniques available to research endeavours.
Analysis of a Complete Library of Putative Drug Transporter Genes in Escherichia coli (2001)

The complete sequencing of bacterial genomes has revealed a large number of drug transporter genes. In Escherichia coli, there are 37 open reading frames (ORFs) assumed to be drug transporter genes on the basis of sequence similarities, although the transport capabilities of most of them have not been established yet. We cloned all 37 putative drug transporter genes in E. coli and investigated their drug resistance phenotypes using an E. coli drug-sensitive mutant as a host. E. coli cells transformed with a plasmid carrying one of 20 ORFs, i.e., fsr, mdfA, yceE, yceL, bcr, emrKY, emrAB, emrD, yidY, yjiO, ydhE, acrAB, cusA (formerly ybdE), yegMNO, acrD, acrEF, yhiUV, emrE, ydgFE, and ybjYZ, exhibited increased resistance to some of the 26 representative antimicrobial agents and chemical compounds tested in this study. Of these 20 ORFs, cusA, yegMNO, ydgFE, yceE, yceL, yidY, and ybjYZ are novel drug resistance genes. The fsr, bcr, yjiO, ydhE, acrD, and yhiUV genes gave broader resistance spectra than previously reported.
Mechanisms underlying regulation of the expression and activities of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (2006)

The mechanisms that control mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity include its phosphorylation (inactivation) by a family of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs 1 - 4). Here we review new developments in the regulation of the activities and expression of the PDKs, in particular PDK2 and PDK4, in relation to glucose and lipid homeostasis. This review describes recent advances relating to the acute and long-term modes of regulation of the PDKs, with particular emphasis on the regulatory roles of nuclear receptors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and Liver X receptor (LXR), PPAR gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1alpha) and insulin, and the impact of changes in PDK activity and expression in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Since PDK4 may assist in lipid clearance when there is an imbalance between lipid delivery and oxidation, it may represent an attractive target for interventions aimed at rectifying abnormal lipid as well as glucose homeostasis in disease states.
Estimation of the Botanical Composition of Clover-Grass Leys from RGB Images Using Data Simulation and Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

Optimal fertilization of clover-grass fields relies on knowledge of the clover and grass fractions. This study shows how knowledge can be obtained by analyzing images collected in fields automatically. A fully convolutional neural network was trained to create a pixel-wise classification of clover, grass, and weeds in red, green, and blue (RGB) images of clover-grass mixtures. The estimated clover fractions of the dry matter from the images were found to be highly correlated with the real clover fractions of the dry matter, making this a cheap and non-destructive way of monitoring clover-grass fields. The network was trained solely on simulated top-down images of clover-grass fields. This enables the network to distinguish clover, grass, and weed pixels in real images. The use of simulated images for training reduces the manual labor to a few hours, as compared to more than 3000 h when all the real images are annotated for training. The network was tested on images with varied clover/grass ratios and achieved an overall pixel classification accuracy of 83.4%, while estimating the dry matter clover fraction with a standard deviation of 7.8%.
Copper chelating agents. A comparison of cupruretic responses to various tetramines and D-penicillamine. (1980)

Toxic or hypersensitivity reactions occur frequently with D-penicillamine therapy. Therefore there is a need for effective, well-tolerated alternative chelating agents to control the copper accumulation which occurs in Wilson's disease and some other chronic liver diseases. A group of tetramines (linear and macrocyclic) was surveyed for cupruretic activity and compared to D-penicillamine. 2,3,2-Tetramine was the most effective agent when given either by gavage or intravenously. It was more effective than 2,2,2-tetramine (trien) or D-penicillamine and, in addition, induced a more prolonged cupruresis. Despite their higher formation constants for copper, the macrocyclic tetramines did not induce a significant cupruresis. In this study, the 2,3,2-tetramine was the most effective agent for inducing a cupruresis in both normal and copper-loaded rats. If well tolerated by humans, it could become a useful agent for management of disorders characterized by copper accumulation.
The proNGF-p75NTR-Sortilin Signalling Complex as New Target for the Therapeutic Treatment of Parkinsons Disease (2008)

Growing evidence has shown that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) may play important roles in controlling neuronal survival or cell apoptosis within the central nervous system in development, and in pathological or neural injury. Recent studies have further revealed that p75NTR acts as a "molecular signal switch" that determines cell death or survival by three processes. First, pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) triggers cell apoptosis by its high affinity binding to p75NTR, while NGF induces neuronal survival with low-affinity binding. Second, p75NTR mediates cell death by combining with co-receptor sortilin, whereas it promotes neuronal survival through combination with proNGF. Third, release of the intracellular domain chopper or cleavaged "short p75NTR" can independently initiate neuronal apoptosis. We have identified the cell self-destructive proNGF-p75NTR-sortilin signalling apparatus assembled in ventral tier dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, suggesting that p75NTR signalling might be involved in selective cell death mechanisms of substantia nigra neurons or disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, experimental manipulation of p75NTR benefited cell survival of cholinergic or motor neurons and improved disease progression of the neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The proNGF-p75NTR-sortilin signalling complex may thus provide new target for neuroprotection of substantia nigra neurons and the therapeutic treatment of PD.
Activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive CXCL12 (SDF-1) receptors mediates transendothelial migration of T lymphocytes across lymph node high endothelial cells (2002)

In this study we examined the role of chemokines in regulating T lymphocyte transmigration across the lining high endothelial cells (HEC) of high endothelial venules (HEV). The roles played by CCL21 (SLC), CCL19 (MIP-3 beta, ELC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1) were assessed using an in vitro transendothelial migration culture system, which constitutively supports high levels of lymphocyte transmigration. We determined that transmigration of T lymphocytes across HEC is inhibitable by treatment of the T lymphocytes with pertussis toxin (PTX) (80% inhibition). This was attributed to blockade of Gi-protein coupled receptors of T lymphocytes, since a non-ADP-ribosylating form of PTX had no significant effect on transendothelial migration. Inhibition of Gi-protein-coupled receptors on the endothelium had no effect on T cell transmigration. Treatment of T lymphocytes with a desensitizing concentration of CXCL12 caused a 60% reduction in T lymphocyte migration across HEC, and the CXCR4 antagonist SDF-1P2G reduced transmigration by 40%. Desensitizing concentrations of CCL21 and CCL19 had no significant effects on T lymphocyte transendothelial migration. Homologous desensitization of T lymphocytes to each chemokine was confirmed in a transwell migration assay. An approximately 3-kb mRNA corresponding to rat SDF-1 beta was constitutively expressed in HEC and cell surface CXCL12 was detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Together, these findings support a pivotal role for HEC-expressed CXCL12 and its receptor on T cells in the regulation of T lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes.