gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MCPIP1 contributes to clear cell renal cell carcinomas development (2017)

Monocyte Chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), also known as Regnase-1, is encoded by the ZC3H12a gene, and it mediates inflammatory processes by regulating the stability of transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines and controlling activity of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP1. We found that MCPIP1 transcript and protein levels are strongly downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples, which were derived from patients surgically treated for renal cancer compared to surrounded normal tissues. Using Caki-1 cells as a model, we analyzed the role of MCPIP1 in cancer development. We showed that MCPIP1 expression depends on the proteasome activity; however, hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor 2 alfa (HIF2α) are key factors lowering MCPIP1 expression. Furthermore, we found that MCPIP1 negatively regulates HIF1α and HIF2α levels and in the case of the last one, the mechanism is based on the regulation of the half time of transcript coding for HIF2α. Enhanced expression of MCPIP1 in Caki-1 cells results in a downregulation of transcripts encoding VEGFA, GLUT1, and IL-6. Furthermore, MCPIP1 decreases the activity of mTOR and protein kinase B (Akt) in normoxic conditions. Taken together, MCPIP1 contributes to the ccRCC development.
Accelerating finite energy Airy beams (2007)

We investigate the acceleration dynamics of quasi-diffraction-free Airy beams in both one- and two-dimensional configurations. We show that this class of finite energy waves can retain their intensity features over several diffraction lengths. The possibility of other physical realizations involving spatiotemporal Airy wave packets is also considered.
Functional foods II : claims and evidence (2000)

Part 1 Setting the scene: plenary lectures - factors to consider when undertaking clinical trials for functional foods, S. Southon, scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe -consensus document, A.T. Siplock et al. Part 2 Pre- and probiotics: plenary lecture - probiotic bacteria and the human immune system, L. O'Mahony et al contributed papers -communicating the benetifs of functional foods to the consumer, C. Shortt, functional foods and the European consumer, J. Young, bovine milk - a unique source of immunomodulatory ingredients for functional foods, H.S. Gill et al, catabolite regulation - an intrinsic role for fructo-oligosaccharides?, B.A. Rabiu et al, probiotic bifidobacteria and their identification using molecular genetic techniques, S. McBrearty et al, lactulose stimulates calcium absorption in postmenopausal women dose-dependently, E.G.H.M. van den Heuvel and E.J. Brink. Part 3 Phytochemicals: plenary lecture - plants as functional foods, A.F. Walker contributed papers - plant sterol-enriched margarines - efficacy in cholesterol lowering and effects on lipid soluble vitamins, T. van Vliet et al, red clover isoflavone supplementation in peri-menopausal management, A.J. Husband, phyto-oestrogens in neonatal diets, A.B. Hanley et al, phytomedicine for thermogenic stimulation in obesity management - potentials and limitations, A.G. Dulloo. Part 4 Micronutrients: plenary lecture - folic acid -a case study for fortification, J.M. Scott, promoting folic acid to women of childbearing age, L. Thorpe and M.M. Raats, bioavailability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in foods enriched with microencapsulated fish oil, J.M.W. Wallace et al, effect of nutrient dense foods and physical exercise on dietary intake and body composition in frail elderly people, N. de Jong et al poster presentations - production of n-3 enriched eggs - new promising resources of nutritionally important long chain fatty acids, H.S. Aro et al, probiotic effects against gastrointestinal pathogens, A. Donnet-Hughes et al, hen egg white ovomucin, a potential ingredient for functional foods, J. Hiidenhovi et al, wheat and rye brans - what is the difference?, S. Karppinen et al, fermentation of cucumber - optimizing process technology for design of healthier foods, T. Pursti et al, glucosinolates and their breakdown products in sauerkraut and sauerkraut juice, M. Taipale et al, addition of insulin to breakfast does not acutely affect calcium metabolism, U. Teuri et al, fermentation of cabbage and carrot juices by using isolated lactic acid bacteria strains - development towards future functional foods, B. Viander et al, quercetin and rutin (quercetin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside) thermal degradation in aqueous media under alkaline conditions, D.P. Makris and J.T. Rossiter.
Clinical impact and associated costs of Clostridium difficile- associated disease (1998)

Toxin-producing Clostridium difficile is the commonest cause of nosocomial diarrhoea and, as such, poses a major problem in our hospitals. The main population susceptible to disease is the elderly, for reasons that remain unclear. By contrast, carriage rates in neonates are high, but disease is low. The organism also has a major clinical impact in the immunosuppressed host, patients undergoing surgery (especially gastrointestinal) and those with severe underlying disease and longer hospital stay. Other interventions with high-risk associations are enemas, nasogastric and gastrostomy tubes and anti-peristaltic drugs. Data on the associated costs of C. difficile diarrhoea are not freely available, but one estimate is that in an average-sized district general hospital, 100 cases of C. difficile infection can be expected each year with an extra annual cost of 400,000 pound sterling and 2100 lost bed days.
Immunological Relationship among Adenoviruses of Humans, Simians, and Nonprimates as Determined by the Neutralization Test (1981)

98 antisera prepared against 25 simian adenoviruses and 31 adenovirus types from various nonprimate mammals and birds were tested for their ability to neutralize 35 human adenovirus prototypes. Antisera to these human adenovirus types were similarly tested against 25 simian adenovirus prototypes. Although very few reactions to the human adenoviruses were found in antisera to nonprimate viruses, cross-reactions among the simian and human adenoviruses were more frequent. The majority of these reactions, however, were of low titer and of questionable significance. Two chimpanzee adenovirus strains--Pan 9 and SAV 21 (C 1)--were found with an immunological relationship to human adenoviruses: Pan 9 strain showed a two-way cross relationship to human adenovirus 4, and SAV 21 (C 1) was neutralized by antisera prepared against human adenoviruses 14 and 16.
Remission in ankylosing spondylitis treated with anti-TNF- drugs: a national multicentre study (2013)

Our real-life study on PR confirmed the effectiveness of ADA, ETA or INF as first or second anti-TNF-α drugs. The presence at baseline of enthesitis or psoriasis or low CRP values yielded a lower probability of obtaining PR.
Macrophages and islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes (2013)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), have been shown to promote insulin resistance, and altered expression of cytokines (adipokines) in obese adipose tissue is thought to be an important link between obesity and insulin resistance. It is also becoming clear that inflammation plays a key role in the development of β-cell dysfunction. Inflammatory changes, including accumulation of macrophages, have been documented in T2D islets. Moreover, therapeutic inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) ameliorates β-cell dysfunction in humans. This review summarizes current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation within islets and its relation to β-cell dysfunction in T2D. A particular focus is on the physiological and pathological functions of macrophages within islets.
Juvenile hormone activity for the bug Pyrrhocoris apterus. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
On the thermodynamics of quantum-electrodynamic frequency shifts (1987)

A paper by Barton (ibid., vol.20, p.879, 1987) comments on some of Ford et al.'s recent work in this general area and takes issue with some of their conclusions. Ford et al. point out that Barton's reinterpretation of his own previous work actually serves to support their conclusions. In particular, he is making extensive use of thermodynamic concepts (free energy, thermodynamic perturbation theory, . . .) which were introduced for the first time into this area in the papers by Ford et al.
Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis (1997)

Putative endothelial cell (EC) progenitors or angioblasts were isolated from human peripheral blood by magnetic bead selection on the basis of cell surface antigen expression. In vitro, these cells differentiated into ECs. In animal models of ischemia, heterologous, homologous, and autologous EC progenitors incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis. These findings suggest that EC progenitors may be useful for augmenting collateral vessel growth to ischemic tissues (therapeutic angiogenesis) and for delivering anti- or pro-angiogenic agents, respectively, to sites of pathologic or utilitarian angiogenesis.
Synthesis and Immunological Properties of N-Modified GM3 Antigens as Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines (2005)

The problem of immunotolerance to GM3, an important tumor-associated trisaccharide antigen, seriously hinders its usage in cancer vaccine development. To solve this problem, the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugates of a series of GM3 derivatives were synthesized and screened as therapeutic cancer vaccines. First, the beta-linked anomeric azides of differently N-acylated GM3 analogues were prepared by a highly convergent procedure. Next, a pentenoyl group was linked to the reducing end of the carbohydrate antigens following selective reduction of the azido group. The linker was thereafter ozonolyzed to give an aldehyde functionality permitting the conjugation of the antigens to KLH via reductive amination. Finally, the immunological properties of the resultant glycoconjugates were studied in C57BL/6 mice by assessing the titers of specific antibodies induced by the GM3 analogues. While KLH-GM3 elicited low levels of immune response, the KLH conjugates of N-propionyl, N-butanoyl, N-iso-butanoyl, and N-phenylacetyl GM3s induced robust immune reactions with antibodies of multiple isotypes, indicating significantly improved and T-cell dependent immune responses that lead to isotype switching, affinity maturation, and the induction of immunological "memory". It was suggested that GM3PhAc-KLH is a promising vaccine candidate for glycoengineered immunotherapy of cancer with GM3 as the primary target.
The application of a new quantitative assay for the monitoring of integrin‐associated protein CD47 on red blood cells during storage and comparison with the expression of CD47 and phosphatidylserine with flow cytometry (2005)

The MAIRA assay appears to be suitable for the quantitative measurement of RBC markers during storage. Significant changes in CD47 and PS levels were observed during storage, which may have detrimental immunomodulatory and hemostatic effects on the transfused RBCs.
Balancing the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (2010)

As the therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer have expanded over the past 20 years, so has the complexity of decision making. The goals of treatment in the palliative, adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings vary and it is not only the efficacy of drugs that influence treatment decisions. Age, performance status, the presence of significant comorbidities and the different treatment regimens and strategies provide medical oncologists with an array of options to attempt to maximize patients' quality of life and longevity.
The kapurimycins, new antitumor antibiotics produced by Strepromyces. Producing organism, fermentation, isolation and biological activities. (1990)

As a result of screening for antitumor agents from actinomycetes, the kepurimycins were isolated from Streptomyces sp. DO-115. The antibiotics were produced in a fermentation medium supplemented with high porous polymer resin which adsorbs antibiotics and results in an increase of titer. The active complex was isolated from the polymer resin by a solvent extraction procedure and was separated by column chromatography, into two minor and one major component, named A1, A2 and A3. The kepurimycins were active against bacteria, particularly Gram-positive organisms, and were cytotoxic to HeLa S3 human cerivical cancer cells and T24 human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro. Among the individual components of the kapurimycins, kapurimycin A3 exhibited the strongest antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. It showed a potent antitumor activity against murine leukemia P388 in vivo.
Doa Estimation for Multiple Sparse Sources with Normalized Observation Vector Clustering (2006)

This paper presents a new method for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of source signals whose number N can exceed the number of sensors M. Subspace based methods, e.g., the MUSIC algorithm, have been widely studied, however, they are only applicable when M > N. Another conventional independent component analysis based method allows M ges N, however, it cannot be applied when M < N. By contrast, our new method can be applied where the sources outnumber the sensors (i.e., an underdetermined case M < N) by assuming source sparseness. Our method can cope with 2- or 3-dimensionally distributed sources with a 2- or 3-dimensional sensor array. We obtained promising experimental results for 3 times 4, 3 times 5 and 4 times 5 (#sensors times #speech sources) in a room (RT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> = 120 ms)
Broad and Gag-Biased HIV-1 Epitope Repertoires Are Associated with Lower Viral Loads (2008)

This comprehensive analysis puts forth the epitope repertoire as a mechanistic component of the multi-faceted HIV-specific CTL response. The favorable impact on markers of disease status of the propensity to present more HLA binding peptides and specific proteins gives impetus to vaccine design strategies that seek to elicit responses to a broad array of HIV-1 epitopes, and suggest a particular focus on Gag.
Zeta Potential in Microchannels (2012)

Previous chapters assert that a potential drop occurs over an EDL, consistent with the fact that chemical reactions occur at the surface to induce ionization of wall species. We now return to this subject in greater detail. Our goal is to be able to predict the equilibrium surface potential at microfluidic device interfaces as a function of the device material and solution conditions. This chapter frames the problem, describes associated parameters, and lists several models that can be used to attack this problem and interpret experimental data. We start by clarifying notation and terminology. We then discuss the chemical origins of surface charge for both Nernstian and non-Nernstian surfaces, discuss techniques for measuring and modifying electrokinetic potentials, and summarize observed zeta potentials for microfluidic substrates. Finally, we discuss how EDL theory is related to interpretation of zeta potential data and the relation between ζ and ϕ0.
Iron uptake in Plesiomonas shigelloides: cloning of the genes for the heme-iron uptake system (1991)

The iron uptake systems of Plesiomonas shigelloides strains were determined. Siderophore production was not detected by chemical or biological assays, and the strains tested were unable to use enterobactin, aerobactin, or vibriobactin for growth in low-iron media. Both hemin and hemoglobin supported full growth of the bacteria in media lacking other iron sources, but neither transferrin nor lactoferrin served as a source of iron. Hemolysin was detected, and the production of hemolysin was iron repressible. DNA sequences encoding hemolysin production and DNA sequences encoding the ability to use heme or hemoglobin as a sole source of iron were cloned from P. shigelloides and expressed in Escherichia coli. The abilities to use heme and hemoglobin as iron sources were closely linked, and the cloned sequences encoded the ability to transport the porphyrin, as well as iron, into the cells.
Selective Propene Epoxidation on Immobilized Au6–10 Clusters: The Effect of Hydrogen and Water on Activity and Selectivity (2009)

Epoxidation made easy: Subnanometer gold clusters immobilized on amorphous alumina result in a highly active and selective catalyst for propene epoxidation. The highest selectivity is found for gas mixtures involving oxygen and water, thus avoiding the use of hydrogen. Ab initio DFT calculations are used to identify key reaction intermediates and reaction pathways. The results confirm the high catalyst activity owing to the formation of propene oxide metallacycles. Al green, Au yellow, O red, and C gray.
Adult brain retains the potential to generate oligodendroglial progenitors with extensive myelination capacity (1999)

Remyelination of focal areas of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals can be achieved by transplantation of glial cells, yet the source of these cells in humans to similarly treat myelin disorders is limited at present to fetal tissue. Multipotent precursor cells are present in the CNS of adult as well as embryonic and neonatal animals and can differentiate into lineage-restricted progenitors such as oligodendroglial progenitors (OPs). The OPs present in adults have a different phenotype from those seen in earlier life, and their potential role in CNS repair remains unknown. To gain insights into the potential to manipulate the myelinating capacity of these precursor and/or progenitor cells, we generated a homogenous culture of OPs from neural precursor cells isolated from adult rat subependymal tissues. Phenotypic characterization indicated that these OPs resembled neonatal rather than adult OPs and produced robust myelin after transplantation. The ability to generate such cells from the adult brain therefore opens an avenue to explore the potential of these cells for repairing myelin disorders in adulthood.
Ascaris lumbricoides Infection Is Associated with Increased Risk of Childhood Asthma and Atopy in Rural China (2002)

Abstract There is growing international interest in the possible relationships between helminthic infection and allergic disease, although the nature of the relationships remains uncertain and controversial. The interrelationships of current and past infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and asthma and atopy were investigated in a cross-sectional sample of 2,164 children between the ages of 8 and 18 years from Anqing Province, China. The children were sampled from a larger family-based study of the genetics of asthma. The prevalence of either a history of or a positive stool examination for Ascaris was 24.5%. Asthma was defined for analytic purposes using previously validated, stringent criteria including airways responsiveness to methacholine. Independently of the other factors assessed, infection with A. lumbricoides was associated with increased risk of asthma (p &amp;lt; 0.001), an increased number of skin tests positive to aeroallergens (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and an increased dose–response slope to methacholine (p = 0.003). The association of sensitization to common aeroallergens with increased asthma risk was enhanced in those children infected with Ascaris, and such infection was associated with an increased risk of asthma independent of sensitization to aeroallergens in this selected population. These data suggest a complex relationship between ascariasis and susceptibility to childhood asthma among predisposed children that may involve an interaction with the immune response to inhaled aeroallergens.
Emerging Respiratory Viruses: Challenges and Vaccine Strategies (2006)

The current threat of avian influenza to the human population, the potential for the reemergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus, and the identification of multiple novel respiratory viruses underline the necessity for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies to combat viral infection. Vaccine development is a key component in the prevention of widespread viral infection and in the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with many viral infections. In this review we describe the different approaches currently being evaluated in the development of vaccines against SARS-associated coronavirus and avian influenza viruses and also highlight the many obstacles encountered in the development of these vaccines. Lessons learned from current vaccine studies, coupled with our increasing knowledge of the host and viral factors involved in viral pathogenesis, will help to increase the speed with which efficacious vaccines targeting newly emerging viral pathogens can be developed.
Supporting demanding wireless applications with frequency-agile radios (2010)

With the advent of new FCC policies on spectrum allocation for next generation wireless devices, we have a rare opportunity to redesign spectrum access protocols to support demanding, latency-sensitive applications such as high-def media streaming in home networks. Given their low tolerance for traffic delays and disruptions, these applications are ill-suited for traditional, contention-based CSMA protocols.In this paper, we explore an alternative approach to spectrum access that relies on frequency-agile radios to performinterference-free transmission across orthogonal frequencies. We describe Jello, a MAC overlay where devices sense and occupy unused spectrum without central coordination or dedicated radio for control. We show that over time, spectrum fragmentation can significantly reduce usable spectrum in the system. Jello addresses this using two complementary techniques: online spectrum defragmentation, where active devices periodically migrate spectrum usage, and non-contiguous access, which allows a single flow to utilize multiple spectrum fragments. Our prototype on an 8-node GNU radio testbed shows that Jello significantly reduces spectrum fragmentation and provides high utilization while adapting to client flows' changing traffic demands.
Effects of a Cognition‐enhancer, Linopirdine (DuP 996), on M‐type Potassium Currents (IK(M)) Some Other Voltage‐ and Ligand‐gated Membrane Currents in Rat Sympathetic Neurons (1997)

Linopirdine is a cognition enhancer which augments depolarization-induced transmitter release in the cortex and which is under consideration for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It has previously been reported to inhibit M-type K+ currents in rat hippocampal neurons. In the present experiments we have tested its effect on whole-cell M-currents and single M-channels, and on a range of other membrane currents, in dissociated rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion cells. Linopirdine inhibited the whole-cell M-current with an IC50 of 3.4 microM and blocked M-channels recorded in excised outside-out membrane patches but not in inside-out patches. This suggests that linopirdine directly blocks M-channels from the outside. It was much less effective in inhibiting other voltage-gated potassium currents [delayed rectifier (IK(V)), IC50 63 microM; transient (IA) current, IC50 69 microM] and produced no detectable inhibition of the fast and slow Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents IC and IAHP or of a hyperpolarization-activated cation current (IQ/Ih) at 10-30 microM. However, it reduced acetylcholine-activated nicotinic currents and GABA-activated Cl- currents with IC50 values of 7.6 and 26 microM respectively. It is concluded that linopirdine shows some 20-fold selectivity for M-channels among different K+ channels but can also block some transmitter-gated channels. The relationship between M-channel block and the central actions of linopirdine are discussed.