gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell Type-Specific Enhancement of Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Directed Translation due to 5′ Nontranslated Region Substitutions Selected during Passage of Virus in Lymphoblastoid Cells (2000)

Low-level replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cultured lymphoblastoid cells inoculated with H77 serum inoculum led to the appearance of new virus variants containing identical substitutions at three sites within the viral 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR): G(107)-->A, C(204)-->A, and G(243)-->A (N. Nakajima, M. Hijikata, H. Yoshikura, and Y. K. Shimizu, J. Virol. 70:3325-3329, 1996). These results suggest that virus with this 5'NTR sequence may have a greater capacity for replication in such cells, possibly due to more efficient cap-independent translation, since these nucleotide substitutions reside within the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES). To test this hypothesis, we examined the translation of dicistronic RNAs containing upstream and downstream reporter sequences (Renilla and firefly luciferases, respectively) separated by IRES sequences containing different combinations of these substitutions. The activity of the IRES was assessed by determining the relative firefly and Renilla luciferase activities expressed in transfected cells. Compared with the IRES present in the dominant H77 quasispecies, an IRES containing all three nucleotide substitutions had significantly greater translational activity in three of five human lymphoblastoid cell lines (Raji, Bjab, and Molt4 but not Jurkat or HPBMa10-2 cells). In contrast, these substitutions did not enhance IRES activity in cell lines derived from monocytes or granulocytes (HL-60, KG-1, or THP-1) or hepatocytes (Huh-7) or in cell-free translation assays carried out with rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Each of the three substitutions was required for maximally increased translational activity in the lymphoblastoid cells. The 2- to 2.5-fold increase in translation observed with the modified IRES sequence may facilitate the replication of HCV, possibly accounting for differences in quasispecies variants recovered from liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same patient.
Cryogenic Control Architecture for Large-Scale Quantum Computing (2015)

Tomorrow's much anticipated quantum computers, exotic as they may be, will require complex classical hardware for their control and operation. For solid-state quantum processors, the authors propose an efficient scheme for executing a quantum algorithm via a multicomponent classical interface. These components, which include cryogenic classical logic, are assembled to demonstrate control of a quantum-dot qubit. Thus, when the new wave of hardware finally arrives, we will be ready--and able--to use it.
Interacting with eye movements in virtual environments (2000)

Eye movement-based interaction offers the potential of easy, natural, and fast ways of interacting in virtual environments. However, there is little empirical evidence about the advantages or disadvantages of this approach. We developed a new interaction technique for eye movement interaction in a virtual environment and compared it to more conventional 3-D pointing. We conducted an experiment to compare performance of the two interaction types and to assess their impacts on spatial memory of subjects and to explore subjects' satisfaction with the two types of interactions. We found that the eye movement-based interaction was faster than pointing, especially for distant objects. However, subjects' ability to recall spatial information was weaker in the eye condition than the pointing one. Subjects reported equal satisfaction with both types of interactions, despite the technology limitations of current eye tracking equipment.
Trends and Development Status of IEC Global Electric Vehicle Standards (2010)

International standardization is an essential issue in allowing the development and deployment of new technologies such as electrically propelled vehicles (battery-electrics, hybrids and fuel cell vehicles). Ongoing work in the field by the International Electrotechnical Commission focuses both on energy storage and charging infrastructure. This paper presents current developments in the field.
학교 야간 학습이 언어, 수리, 외국어(영어) 영역의 학업 성취도에 미치는 효과 -부산의 일반계 고교 2학년 재학생을 중심으로- (2012)

본 연구는 학교 야간 학습의 학업 성취도 향상 효과를 실증적으로 검토한 것이다. 분석 대상은 부산의 17개 일반계 고교 2학년 재학생이다. 분석 결과에 따르면 야간 학습은 언어와 외국어(영어) 영역에서 학업 성취도 향상 효과가 있음에도 불구하고 학생들에게 ``강제성을 띤 야간 학습``이라 인식되기 때문에 그 효과가 상쇄되고 있다. 야간 학습이 학업 성취도 향상 효과가 있다 할지라도, 정작 학생들이 여기에 동의하지 않거나 시행 과정이 일방적이라 거부감을 가진다면 야간 학습은 학력 신장이라는 목표를 효율적으로 달성할 수 없다. 학교 당국이 입시 준비와 학력 신장을 위해 굳이 야간 학습을 시행하려 한다면 다음과 같은 정책적 노력이 절실하다. 첫째, 자발적인 야간 학습 참여자를 위하여 쾌적한 학습 환경과 면학 분위기를 조성하고 학업 스트레스를 완화하는 정서적 지원 프로그램을 병행해야 한다. 둘째, 학생들이 야간 학습의 시행 과정에서 거부감을 느끼지 않도록 절차적 정의의 원칙을 준수해야 한다. 셋째, 학교 당국은 야간 학습이 학력 신장이나 입시 준비의 유일한 대안이 아님을 분명히 인식하고, 야간 학습의 필요성과 효과를 부정하는 학생을 위해 개별화된 학습 방안을 강구하고 지원해야 한다.
Establishment and Characterization of Two Distinct Mouse Testicular Epithelial Cell Line (1980)

Two cell lines have been isolated from testis of immature BALB/c mice. These lines have each been cloned several times and have been established in culture for over 2 years. The cells are epithelial in appearance and do not form tumors when injected into BALB/c − nu/nu mice. The cell lines can be said to be two distinct cell types on the basis of their morphology, hormone response, responses to gonadotropins, and metabolism of steroids. One line (TM4) has been tentatively identified as being of Sertoli cell origin, since it shows a growth response to purified ovFSH and an increase in cAMP in the presence of FSH but not LH. The other line (TM3), believed to be Leydig cells, is not growth-stimulated by either LH or FSH, shows an increase in cAMP in the presence of LH, and a change in the metabolism of [14C]-cholesterol in the presence of LH.
K-tuple frequency in the human genome and polymerase chain reaction (1991)

The frequency occurrences of K-tuple (overlapping sequences of defined length, K) were computed from the known human genome sequences. The significance of these frequencies for the whole human genome was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A computer programs based on these results was written to choose primers to amplify DNA target sequences, either of human genes or of human infectious agents. The software also gave nested primer sequences which were used to synthesize non radioactive probes by PCR. We applied these two methods, primer selection and non radioactive probes, to easily and quickly set up very efficient PCR sets to work in the human genome context.
A monoclonal antibody (B72.3) defines patterns of distribution of a novel tumor‐associated antigen in human mammary carcinoma cell populations (1982)

We report here both the range and patterns of reactivity of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, B72.3, prepared against human, metastatic mammary carcinoma cells. When the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique was used on tissue sections, monoclonal B72.3 reacted with 19 of 41 (46%) primary mammary carcinomas and 13 of 21 (62%) metastatic lesions, either in axillary lymph nodes or at distal sites. Variable concentrations of antigen, recognized by B72.3, were observed among mammary tumors, as well as among different cell populations of a given tumor mass. Several patterns of antigen distribution were observed: membrane, diffuse cytoplasmic, focal and marginal. No reactivity was observed to normal mammary epithelium, stroma, or lymphocytes of the breast, nor to any cell types in a variety of other normal human tissues, melanomas, and sarcomas. Reactivity with all of four colon carcinomas was also observed. Assay of serial sections of mammary carcinomas with B72.3 and a monoclonal antibody directed against carcinoembryonic antigen demonstrated that these antigens were both distinct and non-coordinately expressed.
Fluorescence method for measuring the kinetics of fusion between biological membranes (1984)

An assay is presented that allows continuous and sensitive monitoring of membrane fusion in both artificial and biological membrane systems. The method relies upon the relief of fluorescence self-quenching of octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride. When the probe is incorporated into a lipid bilayer at concentrations up to 9 mol% with respect to total lipid, the efficiency of self-quenching is proportional to its surface density. Upon fusion between membranes labeled with the probe and nonlabeled membranes, the decrease in surface density of the fluorophore results in a concomitant, proportional increase in fluorescence intensity, allowing kinetic and quantitative measurements of the fusion process. The kinetics of fusion between phospholipid vesicles monitored with this assay were found to be the same as those determined with a fusion assay based on resonance energy transfer [Struck, D. K., Hoekstra, D., & Pagano, R. E. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4093-4099]. Octadecyl Rhodamine B chloride can be readily inserted into native biological membranes by addition of an ethanolic solution of the probe. Evidence is presented showing that the dilution of the fluorophore, occurring when octadecyl Rhodamine containing influenza virus is mixed with phospholipid vesicles at pH 5.0, but not pH 7.4, resulted from virus-vesicle fusion and was not related to processes other than fusion. Furthermore, by use of this method, the kinetics of fusion between Sendai virus and erythrocyte ghosts and virus-induced fusion of ghosts were readily revealed. Dilution of the probe was not observed upon prior treatment of fluorescently labeled Sendai virus with trypsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
La moral mediática en Venezuela (O de cómo perder lo que no se tiene) (2004)

Hace algunos meses atrás (creo que algo así como 9 o 10), el semanario de análisis y opinión política venezolano ‘Temas’ (http://www.temasvenezuela.com) convocó a varios periodistas, historiadores e intelectuales nativos para reflexionar por escrito sobre “el quiebre (moral) de los medios de comunicación en Venezuela”. En la convocatoria enviada vía correo electrónico tuvieron cuidado de colocar la palabra moral exactamente de esa manera, entre paréntesis, como para advertir, en una clara toma de posición, que la única quiebra visible de estas empresas del espectáculo mediático es la que concierne al carácter de honestidad que se vincula a su deber de ser portavoces de la realidad social. Sobre ese aspecto no estuve -ni estoy- de acuerdo y ahora explicaré por qué.
Artesunate attenuates the growth of human colorectal carcinoma and inhibits hyperactive Wnt/β‐catenin pathway (2007)

Artesunate (ART), a remarkable antimalarial agent, also inhibited the growth of human colorectal carcinoma. As determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis on apoptosis and indirect immunofluorescence analysis on the proliferation-associated marker Ki67, ART suppressed the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis on beta-catenin and RT-PCR analysis on Wnt/beta-catenin target genes demonstrated ART translocated beta-catenin from nucleus to adherent junctions of membrane and reduced transcription mediated by beta-catenin. These results suggested the anticancer activity of ART correlated with the inhibition of hyperactive Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, ART significantly slowed the growth of colorectal tumor xenografts. Bioluminescent imaging also revealed that ART decreased the physiological activity of tumor xenografts and delayed spontaneous liver metastasis. These antitumor effects were related to the membranous translocation of beta-catenin and the inhibition of the unrestricted activation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which was confirmed by the immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues. These results and the known low toxicity are clues that ART might be a promising candidate drug for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
Ambroxol improves lysosomal biochemistry in glucocerebrosidase mutation-linked Parkinson disease cells (2014)

Gaucher disease is caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene, which encodes the lysosomal hydrolase glucosylceramidase. Patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Indeed, glucocerebrosidase mutations are the most frequent risk factor for Parkinson's disease in the general population. Therefore there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which glucocerebrosidase mutations predispose to neurodegeneration to facilitate development of novel treatments. To study this we generated fibroblast lines from skin biopsies of five patients with Gaucher disease and six heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease. Glucosylceramidase protein and enzyme activity levels were assayed. Oxidative stress was assayed by single cell imaging of dihydroethidium. Glucosylceramidase enzyme activity was significantly reduced in fibroblasts from patients with Gaucher disease (median 5% of controls, P = 0.0001) and heterozygous mutation carriers with (median 59% of controls, P = 0.001) and without (56% of controls, P = 0.001) Parkinson's disease compared with controls. Glucosylceramidase protein levels, assessed by western blot, were significantly reduced in fibroblasts from Gaucher disease (median glucosylceramidase levels 42% of control, P < 0.001) and heterozygous mutation carriers with (median 59% of control, P < 0.001) and without (median 68% of control, P < 0.001) Parkinson's disease. Single cell imaging of dihydroethidium demonstrated increased production of cytosolic reactive oxygen species in fibroblasts from patients with Gaucher disease (dihydroethidium oxidation rate increased by a median of 62% compared to controls, P < 0.001) and heterozygous mutation carriers with (dihydroethidium oxidation rate increased by a median of 68% compared with controls, P < 0.001) and without (dihydroethidium oxidation rate increased by a median of 70% compared with controls, P < 0.001) Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that treatment with the molecular chaperone ambroxol hydrochloride would improve these biochemical abnormalities. Treatment with ambroxol hydrochloride increased glucosylceramidase activity in fibroblasts from healthy controls, Gaucher disease and heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease. This was associated with a significant reduction in dihydroethidium oxidation rate of ∼50% (P < 0.05) in fibroblasts from controls, Gaucher disease and heterozygous mutation carriers with and without Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, glucocerebrosidase mutations are associated with reductions in glucosylceramidase activity and evidence of oxidative stress. Ambroxol treatment significantly increases glucosylceramidase activity and reduces markers of oxidative stress in cells bearing glucocerebrosidase mutations. We propose that ambroxol hydrochloride should be further investigated as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Reductase Activity Encoded by the HM1 Disease Resistance Gene in Maize (1992)

The HM1 gene in maize controls both race-specific resistance to the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 and expression of the NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)-dependent HC toxin reductase (HCTR), which inactivates HC toxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide produced by the fungus to permit infection. Several HM1 alleles were generated and cloned by transposon-induced mutagenesis. The sequence of wild-type HM1 shares homology with dihydroflavonol-4-reductase genes from maize, petunia, and snap-dragon. Sequence homology is greatest in the beta alpha beta-dinucleotide binding fold that is conserved among NADPH- and NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent reductases and dehydrogenases. This indicates that HM1 encodes HCTR.
Electrochemical behavior of reversible redox species at interdigitated array electrodes with different geometries: consideration of redox cycling and collection efficiency (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical behavior of reversible redox species at interdigitated array electrodes with different geometries: consideration of redox cycling and collection efficiencyOsamu. Niwa, Masao. Morita, and Hisao. TabeiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 5, 447–452Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00204a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00204a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2054Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retinoic Acid Signaling Organizes Endodermal Organ Specification along the Entire Antero-Posterior Axis (2009)

Our work establishes that retinoic acid (RA) signaling coordinates the position of different endoderm organs along the antero-posterior axis in chick embryos and could serve as a basis for the differentiation of specific endodermal organs from ES cells.
Corticosteroid Administration Does Not Affect Viral Oncolytic Activity, but Inhibits Antitumor Immunity in ReplicationCompetent Herpes Simplex Virus Tumor Therapy (1999)

A multimutated, conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus type 1, G207, has been developed as an effective means of treating human malignant brain tumors. We have shown that intraneoplastic inoculation of G207 induces a specific and systemic antitumor immune response that plays an important role in the antitumor activity, in addition to the direct oncolytic action of G207. Since a large number of malignant brain tumor patients are treated with corticosteroids, it is important to evaluate whether the therapeutic efficacy of G207 is affected by corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression. For a tumor model, we used G207-permissive N18 murine neuroblastoma cells implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic A/J mice. Intraneoplastic inoculation of G207 (10(7) PFU) induced significant suppression of tumor growth whether or not dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) was given. When dexamethasone was given for an extensive time (16 days starting on day -2), all G207-treated mice showed tumor growth despite initial shrinkage, whereas in the saline group, four of eight of the G207-treated mice were cured. Dexamethasone administration significantly reduced serum neutralizing antibodies against G207 at 14 and 21 days after intraneoplastic G207 inoculation. However, there was no difference between the dexamethasone and saline groups in terms of the amount of infectious G207 isolated from tumors. Dexamethasone administration completely abolished G207-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against N18 cells. These results indicate that the oncolytic activity of G207 is retained under corticosteroid administration. However, intensive immunosuppression may diminish the long-term efficacy of G207 owing to suppression of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction.
Multiple wavelength silicon photonic 200 mm R+D platform for 25Gb/s and above applications (2016)

A silicon photonics platform that uses a CMOS foundry line is described. Fabrication process is following a modular integration scheme which leads to a flexible platform, allowing different device combinations. A complete device library is demonstrated for 1310 nm applications with state of the art performances. A PDK which includes specific photonic features and which is compatible with commercial EDA tools has been developed allowing an MPW shuttle service. Finally platform evolutions such as device offer extension to 1550 nm or new process modules introduction are presented.
Neural correlates of trust (2007)

Trust is a critical social process that helps us to cooperate with others and is present to some degree in all human interaction. However, the underlying brain mechanisms of conditional and unconditional trust in social reciprocal exchange are still obscure. Here, we used hyperfunctional magnetic resonance imaging, in which two strangers interacted online with one another in a sequential reciprocal trust game while their brains were simultaneously scanned. By designing a nonanonymous, alternating multiround game, trust became bidirectional, and we were able to quantify partnership building and maintenance. Using within- and between-brain analyses, an examination of functional brain activity supports the hypothesis that the preferential activation of different neuronal systems implements these two trust strategies. We show that the paracingulate cortex is critically involved in building a trust relationship by inferring another person's intentions to predict subsequent behavior. This more recently evolved brain region can be differently engaged to interact with more primitive neural systems in maintaining conditional and unconditional trust in a partnership. Conditional trust selectively activated the ventral tegmental area, a region linked to the evaluation of expected and realized reward, whereas unconditional trust selectively activated the septal area, a region linked to social attachment behavior. The interplay of these neural systems supports reciprocal exchange that operates beyond the immediate spheres of kinship, one of the distinguishing features of the human species.
Nitric oxide modulates microvascular permeability (1992)

We recently demonstrated that inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) production cause a dramatic increase in leukocyte adherence and emigration in postcapillary venules. The objective of this study was to assess whether inhibition of NO production leads to vascular protein leakage and increased microvascular permeability in feline small intestine and to determine whether adherent leukocytes contribute to these responses. Whereas NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) produced fivefold increases in microvascular fluid and protein fluxes, capillary pressure remained unchanged. In some experiments, venous pressure was elevated and the microvascular reflection coefficient for total proteins (sigma d) was estimated from lymph to plasma protein concentration ratio at high capillary filtration rates. L-NAME infusion increased 1 - sigma d (permeability index) from a control value of 0.21 +/- 0.02 to 0.41 +/- 0.07. All of the L-NAME-induced microvascular alterations were completely reversed by nitroprusside. Some animals were pretreated with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb IB4) directed against the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein complex CD11/CD18. MoAb IB4 did not prevent the initial rise in vascular protein leakage but greatly attenuated the later (30-60 min) phase of enhanced vascular protein leakage. Local intra-arterial infusion of the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME (0.025 mumol.ml-1.min-1) produced a profound increase in leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules that was partly reversed by sodium nitroprusside administration (0.025 mumol.ml-1.min-1). These results suggest that inhibition of NO production by vascular endothelium leads to a reversible increase in microvascular protein efflux that is mediated by both leukocyte-dependent and -independent mechanisms.