gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The human alkaline phosphatases: What we know and what we don't know (1990)

A review of the human alkaline phosphatases dealing specifically with (1) the gene loci, (2) characterization and discrimination of the various enzymes, (3) polymorphism at the enzyme level, (4) cDNA and gene structures, (5) membrane binding, (6) the carbohydrate moieties, (7) hypophosphatasia, (8) alkaline phosphatases in malignancies, (9) function.
Acute Fructose Administration Improves Oral Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (2001)

Low-dose fructose improves the glycemic response to an oral glucose load in adults with type 2 diabetes, and this effect is not a result of stimulation of insulin secretion.
Examining smart-card security under the threat of power analysis attacks (2002)

This paper examines how monitoring power consumption signals might breach smart-card security. Both simple power analysis and differential power analysis attacks are investigated. The theory behind these attacks is reviewed. Then, we concentrate on showing how power analysis theory can be applied to attack an actual smart card. We examine the noise characteristics of the power signals and develop an approach to model the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show how this SNR can be significantly improved using a multiple-bit attack. Experimental results against a smart-card implementation of the Data Encryption Standard demonstrate the effectiveness of our multiple-bit attack. Potential countermeasures to these attacks are also discussed.
Effects of Amiodarone and Dronedarone on Voltage‐Dependent Sodium Current in Human Cardiomyocytes (2003)

Both AM and SR inhibit I(Na) significantly in single human atrial cells, showing that the two drugs have Class I antiarrhythmic properties. The acute effects of SR are more potent than those of AM. The study supports the idea that the iodinated form of the molecule has no part in the acute effect of AM on Na+ channels.
4-1BB Functions As a Survival Factor in Dendritic Cells (2009)

4-1BB (CD137) is expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) and its biological function has remained largely unresolved. By comparing 4-1BB-intact (4-1BB(+/+)) and 4-1BB-deficient (4-1BB(-/-)) DCs, we found that 4-1BB was strongly induced on DCs during the maturation and that DC maturation was normal in the absence of 4-1BB. However, DC survival rate was low in the absence of 4-1BB, which was due to the decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) in 4-1BB(-/-) DCs compared with 4-1BB(+/+) DCs after DC maturation. Consistent with these results, 4-1BB(-/-) DCs showed an increased turnover rate in steady state and more severely decreased in spleen by injecting LPS compared with 4-1BB(+/+) DCs. When OVA-pulsed DCs were adoptively transferred to recipient mice along with OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells, 4-1BB(-/-) DCs did not properly migrate to the T cell zone in lymph nodes and poorly induced proliferation of CD4(+) T cells, although both DCs comparably expressed functional CCR7. Eventually, 4-1BB(-/-) DCs generated a reduced number of OVA-specific memory CD4(+) T cells compared with 4-1BB(+/+) DCs. To further assess the role of 4-1BB on DC longevity in vivo, 4-1BB(+/+) and 4-1BB(-/-) C57BL/6 were administrated with Propionibacterium acnes that develop liver granuloma by recruiting DCs. Number and size of granuloma were reduced in the absence of 4-1BB, but the inflammatory cytokine level was comparable between the mice, which implied that the granuloma might be reduced due to the decreased longevity of DCs. These results demonstrate that 4-1BB on DCs controls the duration, DC-T interaction, and, therefore, immunogenicity.
Integrated voice/telemetry/GPS location mobile radio system for public transit; Dallas Area Rapid Transit, DART, Texas (2003)

In the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system all buses, coaches and service vehicles will be provided with voice and data communications. A precise GPS satellite positioning system will track all vehicles while a telemetry and data system provide schedule, timepoint, alarms and mechanical monitoring for the fleet. A redundant central computer and multi console dispatch centre will coordinate all aspects of system operation. The main components are: GPS positioning, mobile control and data acquisition, radios, consoles, system computers and software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation And Use Of Color Pseudo Random Sequences For Coding Structured Light In Active Ranging (1989)

When using structured light for the measurement of three dimensional objects, the observed stripes of light must be indexed, that is, the correspondance between projected light stripes and the observed stripes must be established. Basically, time, spatial and color coding can be used to characterize the light stripes. In this study, we use color coding and generate the projected light stripes as a sequence of colors showing subsequences of length N which are all different and thus can be indexed by analysis of the observed stripe sequence. The sequence generation used follows the methods known for generating pseudo random sequences. We present also several indexing rules and analyse their behaviour in a measurement setup exhibiting stripe deletions and permutations. A parametric method is proposed which can accomodate scenes with different object coarseness.
Number and Migratory Activity of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Inversely Correlate With Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

Recent studies provide increasing evidence that postnatal neovascularization involves bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The regulation of EPCs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear at present. Therefore, we determined the number and functional activity of EPCs in 45 patients with CAD and 15 healthy volunteers. The numbers of isolated EPCs and circulating CD34/kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)-positive precursor cells were significantly reduced in patients with CAD by approximately 40% and 48%, respectively. To determine the influence of atherosclerotic risk factors, a risk factor score including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, positive family history of CAD, and LDL cholesterol levels was used. The number of risk factors was significantly correlated with a reduction of EPC levels (R=-0.394, P=0.002) and CD34-/KDR-positive cells (R=-0.537, P<0.001). Analysis of the individual risk factors demonstrated that smokers had significantly reduced levels of EPCs (P<0.001) and CD34-/KDR-positive cells (P=0.003). Moreover, a positive family history of CAD was associated with reduced CD34-/KDR-positive cells (P=0.011). Most importantly, EPCs isolated from patients with CAD also revealed an impaired migratory response, which was inversely correlated with the number of risk factors (R=-0.484, P=0.002). By multivariate analysis, hypertension was identified as a major independent predictor for impaired EPC migration (P=0.043). The present study demonstrates that patients with CAD revealed reduced levels and functional impairment of EPCs, which correlated with risk factors for CAD. Given the important role of EPCs for neovascularization of ischemic tissue, the decrease of EPC numbers and activity may contribute to impaired vascularization in patients with CAD. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis (2012)

In the United States, approximately 35% of adults with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have clinical evidence of nephritis at the time of diagnosis; with an estimated total of 50–60% developing nephritis during the first 10 years of disease [1–4]. The prevalence of nephritis is significantly higher in African Americans and Hispanics than in Caucasians, and is higher in men than in women. Renal damage is more likely to develop in non-Caucasian groups [2–4]. Overall survival in patients with SLE is approximately 95% at 5 years after diagnosis and 92% at 10 years [5, 6]. The presence of lupus nephritis significantly reduces survival, to approximately 88% at 10 years, with even lower survival in African Americans [5, 6].

The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) last published guidelines for management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1999 [7]. That publication was designed primarily for education of primary care physicians and recommended therapeutic and management approaches for many manifestations of SLE. Recommendations for management of lupus nephritis (LN) consisted of pulse glucocorticoids followed by high dose daily glucocorticoids in addition to an immunosuppressive medication, with cyclophosphamide viewed as the most effective immunosuppressive medication for diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Mycophenolate mofetil was not yet in use for lupus nephritis and was not mentioned. Since that time, many clinical trials of glucocorticoids-plus-immunosuppressive interventions have been published, some of which are high quality prospective trials, and some not only prospective but also randomized. Thus, the ACR determined that a new set of management recommendations was in order. A combination of extensive literature review and the opinions of highly qualified experts, including rheumatologists, nephrologists and pathologists, has been used to reach the recommendations. The management strategies discussed here apply to lupus nephritis in adults, particularly to those receiving care in the United States of America, and include interventions that were available in the United States as of April 2011.

While these recommendations were developed using rigorous methodology, guidelines do have inherent limitations in informing individual patient care; hence the selection of the term “recommendations.” While they should not supplant clinical judgment or limit clinical judgment, they do provide expert advice to the practicing physician managing patients with lupus nephritis.
STUDIES ON THE ACID DIAZOREACTION AND 5- OR 7-HYDROXYINDOLE DERIVATIVES (1957)

Journal Article STUDIES ON THE ACID DIAZOREACTION AND 5- OR 7-HYDROXYINDOLE DERIVATIVES: OXIDATION OF THE BENZENE MOIETY OF INDOLE-LACTIC ACID, -PROPIONIC ACID AND -ETHYLAMINE etc. BY LIVER EXTRACT Get access KATASHI ICHIHARA, KATASHI ICHIHARA Biochemical Department, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AKIRA SAKAMOTO, AKIRA SAKAMOTO Biochemical Department, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KANJI INAMORI, KANJI INAMORI Biochemical Department, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YUKIYA SAKAMOTO YUKIYA SAKAMOTO Biochemical Department, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 44, Issue 10, October 1957, Pages 649–659, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126705 Published: 01 October 1957 Article history Received: 10 May 1957 Published: 01 October 1957
Metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica for industrial applications (2015)

Yarrowia lipolytica is a safe and robust yeast that has a history of industrial applications. Its physiological, metabolic and genomic characteristics have made it a superior host for metabolic engineering. The results of optimizing internal pathways and introducing new pathways have demonstrated that Y. lipolytica can be a platform cell factory for cost-effective production of chemicals and fuels derived from fatty acids, lipids and acetyl-CoA. Two products have been commercialized from metabolically engineered Y. lipolytica strains producing high amounts of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, and more products are on the way to be produced at industrial scale. Here we review recent progress in metabolic engineering of Y. lipolytica for production of biodiesel fuel, functional fatty acids and carotenoids.
Tetramisole analogs as inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in the resistance of neoplastic cells to 6-thiopurines (1977)

A series of tetramisole derivatives was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity against alkaline phosphatase which was partially purified from a murine ascitic neoplasm resistant to 6-thiopurines (Sarcoma 180/TG). These agents included derivatives substituted with halogens, CH3, or NO2 groups at either the meta or para position of the phenyl ring of tetramisole and 2,3-dehydrotetramisole. The phenyl ring of tetramisole and 2,3-dehydrotetramisole was also replaced by a naphthyl ring, and the phenyl ring of 2,3-dehydrotetramisole was substituted by a thienyl ring system. The presence of both the thiazolidine and dihydroimidazole rings of tetramisole was found to be essential for enzyme inhibitory activity. Substitution of a naphthyl for the phenyl group and dehydrogenation at the 2,3 position of the thiazolidine ring were found to significantly enhance inhibitory activity for alkaline phosphatase. Tests employing (S)-(-)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole oxalate in combination with 6-thioguanine demonstrated that the inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase was capable of increasing the toxicity of 6-thioguanine to Sarcoma 180/TG cells in tissue culture.
Coinhibitory molecules in hematologic malignancies: targets for therapeutic intervention (2012)

The adaptive immune system can be a potent defense mechanism against cancer; however, it is often hampered by immune suppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. Coinhibitory molecules expressed by tumor cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the tumor milieu can dominantly attenuate T-cell responses against cancer cells. Today, a variety of coinhibitory molecules, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4, programmed death-1, B and T lymphocyte attenuator, LAG3, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, and CD200 receptor, have been implicated in immune escape of cancer cells. Sustained signaling via these coinhibitory molecules results in functional exhaustion of T cells, during which the ability to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and mediate lysis of tumor cells is sequentially lost. In this review, we discuss the influence of coinhibitory pathways in suppressing autologous and allogeneic T cell-mediated immunity against hematologic malignancies. In addition, promising preclinical and clinical data of immunotherapeutic approaches interfering with negative cosignaling, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with vaccination strategies, are reviewed. Numerous studies indicate that coinhibitory signaling hampers the clinical benefit of current immunotherapies. Therefore, manipulation of coinhibitory networks is an attractive adjuvant immunotherapeutic intervention for hematologic cancers after standard treatment with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Investigating membrane breakdown of neuronal cells exposed to nonuniform electric fields by finite-element modeling and experiments (2002)

High electric field strengths may induce high cell membrane potentials. At a certain breakdown level the membrane potential becomes constant due to the transition from an insulating state into a high conductivity and high permeability state. Pores are thought to be created through which molecules may be transported into and out of the cell interior. Membrane rupture may follow due to the expansion of pores or the creation of many small pores across a certain part of the membrane surface. In nonuniform electric fields, it is difficult to predict the electroporated membrane area. Therefore, in this study the induced membrane potential and the membrane area where this potential exceeds the breakdown level is investigated by finite-element modeling. Results from experiments in which the collapse of neuronal cells was detected were combined with the computed field strengths in order to investigate membrane breakdown and membrane rupture. It was found that in nonuniform fields membrane rupture is position dependent, especially at higher breakdown levels. This indicates that the size of the membrane site that is affected by electroporation determines rupture.
Incidence and progression rates of age-related maculopathy: the Rotterdam Study. (2001)

The incidence of AMD appears to be lower in The Netherlands than in the United States. Progression of early ARM stages occurs in a distinct pattern at a stable rate, with a large area of drusen and presence of pigmentary changes as the most important predictors.
Catalytic Domain Architecture of Metzincin Metalloproteases (2009)

Metalloproteases cleave proteins and peptides, and deregulation of their function leads to pathology. An understanding of their structure and mechanisms of action is necessary to the development of strategies for their regulation. Among metallopeptidases are the metzincins, which are mostly multidomain proteins with approximately 130-260-residue globular catalytic domains showing a common core architecture characterized by a long zinc-binding consensus motif, HEXXHXXGXX(H/D), and a methionine-containing Met-turn. Metzincins participate in unspecific protein degradation such as digestion of intake proteins and tissue development, maintenance, and remodeling, but they are also involved in highly specific cleavage events to activate or inactivate themselves or other (pro)enzymes and bioactive peptides. Metzincins are subdivided into families, and seven such families have been analyzed at the structural level: the astacins, ADAMs/adamalysins/reprolysins, serralysins, matrix metalloproteinases, snapalysins, leishmanolysins, and pappalysins. These families are reviewed from a structural point of view.
High-efficiency L-band Kahn-technique transmitter (2002)

This paper describes a 20 W PEP linear L-band transmitter based upon the Kahn envelope-elimination-and-restoration technique. A double envelope-feedback loop assures high linearity. The RF power amplifier employs a two stage MMIC driver amplifier and a 20 W PA biased for class-AB operation. The class-S modulator includes a high speed comparator and 0.5 /spl mu/m HFETs in its output stage. A double envelope-feedback loop assures both high linearity and time-delay equalization for RF bandwidths to 150 kHz. With a two-tone signal the transmitter achieves an efficiency of 56% at full power (40 dBm under QPSK modulation), and 35% at 18 dB in back-off. The third-order IMDs for a two-tone signal vary from -30 dBc to -40 dBc over a 20 dB back-off range.
Synthesis of Allyl-Terminated Syndiotactic Polypropylene:  Macromonomers for the Synthesis of Branched Polyolefins (2005)

Low molecular weight syndiotactic polypropylene (syndio-PP) with an olefin end group was synthesized using methylaluminoxane-activated bis(phenoxyimine)titanium dichloride ((PHI)2TiCl2) catalysts. Propylene enchainment occurs by a 2,1-insertion mechanism, and termination by β-hydride elimination produces low molecular weight syndio-PP with allyl end groups. Several new (PHI)2TiCl2 complexes with various ligand modifications were found to display a wide range of activities (turnover frequency (TOF) = 3−1200 h-1) and syndiospecificities ([rrrr] = 0.46−0.93) for propylene polymerization. While the TOF increases with increasing reaction temperature and propylene concentration, the molecular weight of the resulting macromonomer shows little variation. This provides strong support for a chain-transfer mechanism involving one molecule of propylene. The allyl-terminated PPs reported herein can be used to synthesize branched polyolefins or other new polyolefin architectures.
Initial implementation of all-digital PET DAQ system (2010)

An all-digital data acquisition (DAQ) system for positron emission tomography (PET) events is presented. The advantages of digital DAQ for PET system have been recognized recently. Sampling rate faster than 200Mhz is required when LSO scintillation pulses are directly digitized. That make it unaffordable to implement a PET system with all digital DAQs, due to numerous channels in PET system and costly price of fast analog-to-digital convertors (ADCs). The multi-voltage thresholds (MVT) method, whose timing performance for PET events has been proven, can be easily implemented with comparators and time-to-digital convertors (TDCs). However the position determination of PET events is still a challenge for MVT, due to the huge difference of corner pulses' amplitude and limited range of threshold voltages for high timing resolution. In this work, we present the implementation of the all-digital PET DAQ system based on the improved MVT method. To improve MVT method, several extra thresholds at low voltages are set for position determination. The time when pulse voltage arrives at pre-set threshold is determined by use of a high resolution multi-channel TDC (60ps/bin). Depending on the highest voltage of trigged thresholds, a part of obtained digital samples are chosen out to reconstruct the original pulse. The time, energy and position of event can be derived from the reconstructed pulse. The process of calibration and coincidence are performed by software in computer. By using multi-channel TDC modules, which can be easily implemented in field programmable gates array (FPGA), the all-digital DAQ system can digitize scintillation pulses with several pico-seconds interval. The preliminary implementation and results on coincidence timing resolution, energy spectrum and flood map obtained from the all-digital DAQ system with Hamamatsu R8900 PMT and LYSO crystal array will be presented.
Intravenous Injection in Man of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-OH-Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (1972)

A microsuspension of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and of its metabolic derivative 11-OH-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol has been prepared with 25 percent human serum albumin as the vehicle. Intravenous infusion of this preparation to humans indicates that both tetrahydrocannabinols are equally potent in producing the typical marihuana-like pschological and physiological effects.
The transcriptional foundation of pluripotency (2009)

A fundamental goal in biology is to understand the molecular basis of cell identity. Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell identity is governed by a set of transcription factors centred on the triumvirate of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. These proteins often bind to closely localised genomic sites. Recent studies have identified additional transcriptional modulators that bind to chromatin near sites occupied by Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. This suggests that the combinatorial control of gene transcription might be fundamental to the ES cell state. Here we discuss how these observations advance our understanding of the transcription factor network that controls pluripotent identity and highlight unresolved issues that arise from these studies.
Correction of Presbyopia by Technovision Central Multifocal LASIK (PresbyLASIK) (2006)

Central presbyLASIK may be used to provide improvement in functional near vision in patients with presbyopia associated with low and moderate hyperopia. However, factors involved in the loss of BSCVA in some cases and loss in vision quality should be further clarified prior to its general use.