gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial clustering of colon, breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers as assessed by family history (1993)

The aggregation of colon, endometrial, ovarian, and possibly breast cancers in families has been described as a "cancer family syndrome" (now called Lynch syndrome II). To determine if the familial clustering of these malignancies was more common in women with cancer than without, we analyzed data from the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS), a population-based sample of 41,837 women aged 55-69 years. Self-reported information was collected on history of colon, uterine, ovarian, and breast cancers in female first-degree relatives. A family history of cancer of the breast (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4), colon (OR = 1.3), and uterus (OR = 1.3), but not ovary (OR = 1.2), was significantly more common among women with a personal history of any of these four cancers (all P < 0.05); the pattern of the ORs suggested strongly that the clustering tended to be site-specific. Age-adjusted relative risks (RR) of incident colon cancer over 5 years of follow-up (N = 237) were calculated with regard to family history. Colon cancer incidence was increased among women with a family history of breast (RR = 1.3), uterine (RR = 1.4), colon (RR = 1.5), and ovarian (RR = 1.3) cancers, although none of the risk estimates achieved statistical significance. RR was, however, significantly related to the number of different cancer sites reported among family members (Ptrend = 0.008). These data on a representative sample of postmenopausal women suggest that family histories of colon, breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers are associated with an increased risk of cancer at the same site, but provide little support for the hypothesis that Lynch syndrome II is a non-random occurrence.
Tissue-specific regulation of the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene promoter in transgenic mice. (1991)

The intergenic region between the mouse alpha-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and beta-MHC genes was analyzed in terms of its ability to drive gene expression in transgenic mice. Earlier, we reported that the entire intergenic region was sufficient to direct expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner. Additional transgenic lines have been generated which include two deletions. The first deletion, alpha-3, which lacks the distal 2.5 kilobase pairs of the upstream region, is competent to direct tissue- and developmental-specific expression of the transgene. A larger deletion, in which only 138 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site remain, shows no chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in either muscle or non-muscle tissue. Tissue surveys of transgene expression indicated low levels of activity in the lung, and analyses via the polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of the endogenous alpha-MHC gene transcripts in this tissue. Subsequently, an alpha-MHC gene-specific riboprobe was used to detect the cognate transcripts in lung sections by in situ hybridization. The data show that, in the lung, the transcripts are localized to the thick intimal wall of the veins and venules.
Analysis of a Very Large AltaVista Query Log (1998)

In this paper we present an analysis of a 280 GB AltaVista Search Engine query log consisting of approximately 1 billion entries for search requests over a period of six weeks. This represents approximately 285 million user sessions, each an attempt to fill a single information need. We present an analysis of individual queries, query duplication, and query sessions. Furthermore we present results of a correlation analysis of the log entries, studying the interaction of terms within queries. Our data supports the conjecture that web users differ significantly from the user assumed in the standard information retrieval literature. Specifically, we show that web users type in short queries, mostly look at the first 10 results only, and seldom modify the query. This suggests that traditional information retrieval techniques might not work well for answering web search requests. The correlation analysis showed that the most highly correlated items are constituents of phrases. This result indicates it may be useful for search engines to consider search terms as parts of phrases even if the user did not explicitly specify them as such. 1
The Structure of the Cyclodextrin Complex. XX. Crystal Structure of Uncomplexed Hydrated γ-Cyclodextrin (1987)

Abstract Crystal structure of uncomplexed γ-cyclodextrin, C48H80O40·14.1H2O, was determined by the X-ray method. The crystal is monoclinic and the space group is P21 with cell dimensions; a=16.847(2), b=11.098(2), c=20.271(2) Å, and β=104.97(1)°. The structure was solved by the inspection of a Patterson map and the R-map method combined with the rigid-body least-squares technique and refined by the block-diagonal least-squares method to the R-value of 0.061 for 5099 reflections (sinθ⁄λ≥0.57). γ-Cyclodextrin is in a round shape and somewhat distorted from the regular octagonal symmetry. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent glucose residues and maintain the round structure of γ-cyclodextrin. γ-Cyclodextrin molecules are arranged in a cage-type packing, and 7.1 water molecules, occupying 14 sites, are located within the host cavity.
Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis and Campylobacter hyointestinalis infections in the intestine of gnotobiotic pigs (1985)

SUMMARY At 4 days of age, 7 gnotobiotic pigs were orally inoculated with broth cultures of both Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis ( csm ) and Campylobacter hyointestinalis ( ch ). One pig was killed and evaluated each week for 7 weeks. Forty-eight hours after inoculation, ch and csm were recovered from the feces of the pigs; thereafter, only ch was recovered. Organisms morphologically typical of Campylobacter sp were observed on the mucosal surface and on the crypt epithelial cells of the ileum, cecum, and colon from post-inoculation weeks ( piw ) 2 through 7. Bacteria were clustered around the surface opening of goblet cells in pigs at piw 6 and 7. Crypt epithelial cell proliferation and intracellular bacteria were not seen, except in 1 pig (killed at piw 7) in which intracellular bacteria were seen only in the cecum. Therefore, csm and ch did not induce porcine proliferative enteritis in gnotobiotic pigs.
Immunoglobulin A (2011)

Although immunoglobulin (Ig) A is commonly recognized as the most prevalent antibody subclass at mucosal sites with an important role in mucosal defense, its potential as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody is less well known. However, IgA has multifaceted anti-, non-, and pro-inflammatory functions that can be exploited for different immunotherapeutical strategies, which will be the focus of this review.
Pharmacological Actions of 2-Aminoethylisothiuronium (AET) Derivatives. I (1968)

Pharmacological properties of 2-aminoethylisothiuronium (AET) derivatives were examined with 2-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (I), 2-aminoethyl-N'-phenylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (II), 2-(2-aminoethylmercapto) imidazoline bromide hydrobromide (III), 2-aminoethyl-N', N"-dimethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (IV), 2-aminoethyl-N', N"-diethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (V), 2-(2-aminoethylmercapto) benzimidazoline bromide hydrobromide (VI), 2-aminoethyl-N'-α-naphtylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (VII), 2-dimethylaminoethylisothiuronium chloride hydrochloride (VIII), 2-diethylaminoethylisothiuronium chloride hydrochloride (IX), 2-diethylaminoethyl-N'-phenylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide (X), and 2-(2-diethylaminoethylmercapto) imidazoline chloride hydrochloride (XI). Among these compounds, only X showed a hypertensive action on rat, cat, dog, and guinea pig, and caused a prolonged contraction of nictitating membrane of cat. Pressor actions of noradrenaline and tyramine were weakly inhibited by II, VI, VII, and X. Five mg/kg of IV and V depressed the nictitating membrane contractions of cat evoked by preganglionic stimulation of the sympathetic nerve, but did not depress the contractions evoked by postganglionic stimulation. I, VIII, and IX showed marked positive inotropic and chronotropic actions, but II, VI, VII, and X did negative inotropic and chronotropic actions on isolated heart of guinea pig. II, V, VII, and X possessed a marked muscle relaxing action on diaphragm of rat. Their activities were found to be almost the same as that of succinylcholine chloride or more. Local anesthetic, antispasmodic actions, and acute toxicity were also tested.
<title>New methods to sequence DNA by mass spectrometry</title> (1990)

Preliminary work on a new approach to sequencing polynucleotides by the Sanger procedure is presented. The method is based on a mass spectrometric determination of the four component terminal nucleotide residues, where the information regarding the identity of the individual nucleotides is contained in the mass of a stable nuclide marker. Specifically, the four stable isotopes of sulfur (32, 33, 34, 36) will be used to identify the four terminal bases (A, T, G, C ) where the label is incorporated as a thiophosphate bridge. The nucleotide fragments are separated by capillary electrophoresis. The identity of the isotope marker for the terminal base is then determined by combustion, and mass spectrometric analysis of the resulting isotopically labeled sulfur dioxide.
Identification of amino acid residues critical for infection with ecotropic murine leukemia retrovirus (1993)

The murine cationic amino acid transporter is also the receptor for murine ecotropic leukemia retrovirus (MuLV-E). Recently, we have cloned a human gene (H13) homologous to the murine ecotropic retroviral receptor (ERR). Although the human homolog is very similar to murine ERR in sequence (87.6% amino acid identity) and structure (14 transmembrane-spanning domains), the human protein fails to function as a receptor for MuLV-E. To identify amino acid residues critical for MuLV-E infection, we took advantage of this species difference and substituted human H13 and murine ERR amino acid residues. Mouse-human chimeric receptor molecules were generated by taking advantage of using common restriction sites. These studies demonstrated that extracellular domains 3 and/or 4 contain the critical amino acid residues. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was then used to create 13 individual ERR mutants containing one or two amino acids substitutions or insertions within these two extracellular domains. Substitution of as few as one amino acid residue (Tyr) at position 235 in ERR with the corresponding H13 amino acid residue Pro abrogates the ability to function as a receptor for MuLV-E infection. Conversely, substitution of just two amino acid residues at positions 240 and 242 or 242 and 244 in H13 with the corresponding amino acid residues in ERR endows H13 with the ability to function as the receptor. This observation can be utilized to significantly improve the safety of retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in humans.
Availability of the fibre subunit CsgA and the nucleator protein CsgB during assembly of fibronectin‐binding curli is limited by the intracellular concentration of the novel lipoprotein CsgG (1997)

Curli, an adhesive surface fibre produced by Escherichia coli and salmonellae, was proposed on the basis of genetic evidence to follow a distinct assembly pathway involving an extracellular intermediate of the fibre subunit CsgA, the polymerization of which can be induced at the cell surface by a 'nucleator' protein (CsgB). Here we show biochemically that CsgA is actively secreted to the extracellular milieu and that CsgB is surface located. We demonstrate that the putative curli assembly factor CsgG is an outer membrane-located lipoprotein. CsgG is highly resistant to protease digestion both in vivo and in vitro. During curli assembly, CsgG is required to maintain the stability of CsgA and CsgB. In line with this, it is possible to modulate the steady-state levels of CsgA and CsgB by varying intracellular levels of CsgG. This suggests that, in the absence of CsgG, CsgA and CsgB are proteolytically degraded. Moreover, curli production and steady-state levels of CsgA and CsgB can be increased above wild-type levels by overexpression of CsgG, meaning that the quantity of assembled curli fibres can be controlled by this lipoprotein.
Tunable Film Degradation and Sustained Release of Plasmid DNA from Cleavable Polycation/Plasmid DNA Multilayers under Reductive Conditions (2007)

The controllable and sustained release of DNA from the surfaces of biomaterials or biomedical devices represents a new method for localized gene delivery. We report the synthesis of a novel polycation containing disulfide bonds in its backbone and the fabrication of polycation/plasmid DNA multilayered thin films by layer-by-layer assembly. The films are very stable during preparation and in storage, however, they gradually degrade and release the incorporated DNA when incubated in PBS buffer containing dithiothreitol (DTT), which results from the degradation of a disulfide-contained polymer under reductive conditions. The film degradation rate and DNA release rate can be tuned by the concentration of reducing agent. This approach will be useful in gene therapy and tissue engineering by controlled administration of therapeutic DNA deposited on the surface of implantable biomedical devices or tissue engineering scaffolds.
Swelling of and Drug Release from Monoglyceride-Based Drug Delivery Systems (1997)

Depending on the water content, unsaturated monoglycerides form various liquid crystalline phases, which can be used as sustained-release carriers. The aim of this study was to investigate the water uptake of and drug release from melt-congealed monoglyceride-based drug carriers. The water uptake of the unsaturated monoglycerides monoolein and monolinolein followed second-order swelling kinetics and levelled off at about 50% water content, at which a highly viscous cubic phase was formed. The rapid formation of the cubic phase suggested that the drug release occurred mainly from this phase. The drug release followed the square-root of time relationship during the initial release phase. Chlorpheniramine maleate, an amphiphilic drug was not completely released because of binding to the cubic phase. The rate of water uptake increased and the maximum water uptake decreased with increasing temperature. The drug release could be controlled by varying the surface-to-volume ratio, the drug loading, and the water content of the lipid matrix. It was independent of the source of monoolein.
Extended Kalman filtering applied to a full accelerometer strapdown inertial measurement unit (1992)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992.
Hypothermia in spinal cord injury. (1992)

Early investigations involving central nervous system (CNS) temperature lowering to protect against the detrimental effects of hypoxia and ischemia were based on the observation that hypothermia reduces brain metabolism and energy consumption. The protective effects of hypothermia have been demonstrated in numerous experimental models of cerebral ischemia and recently in models of brain trauma. These observations also led to the application of hypothermia, in the form of local spinal cord cooling (LSCC), in animal models of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Although some investigators have reported negative results in studies of LSCC following traumatic SCI, the majority of studies have noted beneficial effects. The favorable results in animal experimentation led to a limited number of cases where LSCC was used in the treatment of human SCI. However, results are difficult to interpret because (1) most investigators report only a small number of cases, (2) the studies lack a control population, (3) the time interval from injury to the application of cooling has been highly variable, and (4) several investigators combined drug treatments with LSCC. In these experiments, LSCC was achieved via perfusion with a cold solution or an epidural heat exchanger and the aim was to lower cord temperatures significantly (about 10 degrees C). The application of the technique itself is fraught with difficulties. It requires acute surgery in a traumatized patient, a wide multilevel laminectomy, and minimizing the time interval between injury and the application of spinal cord cooling. Recent studies in experimental brain ischemia strongly suggest that a drastic lowering of CNS temperature may be unnecessary to lessen the degree of tissue damage occurring following an ischemic brain injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A modified averaging scheme with application to the secondary Hopf bifurcation of a delayed van der Pol oscillator (2008)

在这篇论文，一个修改平均计划与慢变量为推迟时间的颤动系统的一个类被介绍。新计划是黑尔并且由 Lehman 和 Weibel 分别地建议的平均技术的联合。从修改计划获得的平均方程足够简单，但是它在平衡附近为本地非线性的动力学保留要求的信息。作为现在的方法的应用，第二等的 Hopf 分叉为发生的延期价值成功地为一个推迟的货车 der Pol 振荡器被定位。
On 6-canonical map of irregular threefolds of general type (2013)

We prove that, for any non-singular projective irregular threefold of general type, the 6-canonical map is birational onto its image.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Phthalides by Efficient Reductive Cyclization of 2-Acylarylcarboxylates under Aqueous Transfer Hydrogenation Conditions (2009)

A new diamine ligand for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) was discovered. The reductive cyclization of 2-acylarylcarboxylates was found to proceed highly stereoselectively by the new Ru complex-catalyzed ATH and subsequent in situ lactonization under aqueous conditions. It enables efficient access to a wide variety of 3-substituted phthalides in enantiomerically pure form.
Nickel silicide technology (2004)

In this chapter, nickel silicide as the next material for contact to microelectronic CMOS devices is presented. The material properties of NiSi with an emphasis on characteristics that are different from the prior CoSi2 and TiSi2 contacts. It covers the in situ measurements of the phase formation sequence, putting emphasis on the presence of multiple metal-rich phases, on the very low formation temperature and on formation mechanisms. Interesting properties of Ni monosilicide that are either new or hardly known in the microelectronics field, namely the large anisotropy in the thermal expansion and the unexpected texture in NiSi films formed on single crystal silicon are discussed. It also covers thin film degradation at high temperature either through the formation of NiSi2 or through grain grooving and agglomeration.
Molecular Cloning and Sequencing of Genomic DNA Encoding Aminopeptidase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

Yeast aminopeptidase I is a vacuolar enzyme, which catalyzes the removal of amino acids from the NH2 terminus of peptides and proteins (Frey, J., and Rohm, K-H. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 527, 31-41). A yeast genomic DNA encoding aminopeptidase I was cloned from a yeast EMBL3A library and sequenced. The DNA sequence encodes a precursor protein containing 514 amino acid residues. The "mature" protein, whose NH2-terminal sequence was confirmed by automated Edman degradation, consists, based only on the DNA sequence, of 469 amino acids. A 45-residue presequence contains positively and negatively charged as well as hydrophobic residues, and its NH2-terminal residues could be arrayed in an amphiphilic alpha-helix. This presequence differs from the signal sequences which direct proteins across bacterial plasma membranes and endoplasmic reticulum or into mitochondria. It remains to be established how this unique presequence targets aminopeptidase I to yeast vacuoles and how this sorting utilizes classical protein secretory pathways. Further, the aminopeptidase I gene, localized previously by genetic mapping to yeast chromosome XI and called the LAP4 gene (Trumbly, R. J., and Bradley, G. (1983) J. Bacteriol. 156, 36-48), was determined by DNA blot analyses to be a single copy gene located on chromosome XI.
InGaAs zero bias backward diodes for millimeter wave direct detection (2001)

Backward diodes are a version of Esaki tunnel diodes that are useful for mixing and detection. Ge backward diodes in particular have been used as temperature insensitive, zero bias square law detectors, capable of translating input RF power into dc voltage or current with extreme linearity and low noise. However, Ge diodes are difficult to reproducibly manufacture and are physically fragile. Here we demonstrate specially designed InGaAs-based backward diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These diodes have superior figures of merit compared to Ge diodes, are reproducible and physically rugged, and are compatible with InGaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) low noise amplifier fabrication technology. In addition, the flexibility of MBE growth allows easy tailoring of the layer structure to maximize the desired figure of merit for a given application.
Monitoring of spatial expression of firefly luciferase in transformed zebrafish (1995)

The firefly luciferase gene attached to the cytomegalovirus promoter was transferred into zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) by microinjection of fertilized eggs. Light emission could be monitored in vivo in eggs and throughout the early development of the fish by low-light video-image analysis. Gene expression was transient in most of the cases lasting for about 2 weeks. This gene cassette proved to be a very convenient and non-destructive transformation marker and the firefly luciferase gene appears to be a powerful tool for real-time imaging of tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic fish.
New heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent that forms an acid-labile link (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew heterobifunctional protein crosslinking reagent that forms an acid-labile linkWalter A. Blattler, Bernard S. Kuenzi, John M. Lambert, and Peter D. SenterCite this: Biochemistry 1985, 24, 6, 1517–1524Publication Date (Print):March 12, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00327a034https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00327a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts