gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for Compensation of Multimode Fiber Dispersion Using Adaptive Optics (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose adaptive algorithms for mitigating inter-symbol interference (ISI) in multimode fiber (MMF) systems using a spatial light modulator (SLM). Minimizing ISI in MMF systems using an SLM has previously been posed as a convex optimization problem. Based on these results, we propose a range of algorithms for adapting the SLM settings. Some of these are shown to converge to the global optimum in the absence of noise. We then propose modified versions of these algorithms to improve resilience to noise and speed of convergence. Simulation results are included, showing that these algorithms open an otherwise closed eye pattern. </para>
Effects of hyperthermia in a malignant tumor (1980)

The mechanisms of immediate and delayed tumor cell killing by hyperthermia were investigated in EMT-6 neoplasms implanted in BALB/cKa mice. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields were used to achieve a curative local dose of 44 degrees C for 30 minutes. The tumors were sampled sequentially, during and after heat therapy, and studied by light and elecron microscopy. Assays for cell survival, including cell cultures, were performed at various times after completion of therapy. Focal cytoplasmic swelling, rupture of the plasma membrane and peripheral migration of heterochromatin were observed 5 minutes after initiation of therapy and led to cytoplasmic fragmentation by the end of the treatment period (30 minutes). Necrosis of most cells occurred 2--6 hours after the end of treatment. At 48 hours, there were no recognizable tumor cells. A scar replaced the tumor bed 14 days later. Viable (clonogenic) tumor cells were still 2% of control levels at the end of therapy and then progressively decreased to 0.0003% at 48 hours, confirming the morphologic observations and indicating that factors other than the direct effect of heat on tumor cells contributed to complete tumor eradication. Our findings, coupled with previous studies, suggest that the immediate heat induced necrosis in this tumor occurs through the mechanisms of physical changes in the plasma membrane. The delayed (post-therapy) cell death is likely due to modifications in the environment of the tumor bed.
Engineering of Fibroblast Growth Factor: Alteration of Receptor Binding Specificity (1995)

A five-residue loop structure in basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) which extends from amino acid residue 118 to residue 122 was replaced, by cassette mutagenesis, with the corresponding seven-residue loop structure from the structural homologue acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) or the corresponding five-residue loop from interleukin-1 beta to give FGF-2LA and FGF-2LI, respectively. The mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, and their heparin and receptor binding and biological properties were examined. The ability of FGF-2LA to induce endothelial cell proliferation was the same as that of FGF-2. Affinities of the mutants to heparin and to cells that express FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1) were identical to those of the wild-type protein. The role of the loop structure in FGF-1 and FGF-2 was elucidated by using soluble FGF receptor systems, which display distinct ligand binding specificities. Thus, FGF-2LA bound, with the same affinity as FGF-1 and FGF-2, to FGFR-1 and FGFR-2, whereas only FGF-1 and the FGF-1 loop-containing mutant, FGF-2LA, bound to the keratinocyte growth factor receptor. A change in receptor binding specificity was not observed with the FGF-2LI engineered mutant. That the binding specificity of FGF-2 was dramatically altered by transfer of a loop structure from FGF-1 to resemble the binding profile of the donor protein provides strong evidence that this motif is a receptor binding specificity determinant of fibroblast growth factors.
Molecular Cloning of Two Types of GAP Complementary DNA from Human Placenta (1988)

The ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) was purified from human placental tissue. Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. The messenger RNA of this GAP was detected in human lung, brain, liver, leukocytes, and placenta. The second type appeared to be generated by a differential splicing mechanism and encoded a novel form of GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 100,400 daltons. This protein lacks the hydrophobic amino terminus characteristic of the larger species, but retains GAP activity. The messenger RNA of this type was abundantly expressed in placenta and in several human cell lines, but not in adult tissues.
Seamless object authentication in different security policy domains (2005)

In the trading of intangible goods, there co-exist, from the security policy point of view, several different domains, such as CORBA and Java. In such environments, mobile objects such as Applets, can move freely between domains, which contributes greatly to the dynamic evolution of the distributed computer system. However, there arises a new security problem: there is no way for the mobile objects to move appropriately and seamlessly between the different security policy domains, according to the required rights. This cannot be prevented by the present security functions that are provided in such an environment and in each of the mobile objects. We therefore propose Seamless Object Authentication (SOA), which is: (1) a function which clearly defines the required rights to the mobile object, and (2) a function for the domains to check the mobile objects when they move between domains. We believe that this will lead to the dynamic evolution of the distributed computer system between different security policy domains and provide the basis of a Security Centric System.
Activities of Mutant Sar1 Proteins in Guanine Nucleotide Binding, GTP Hydrolysis, and Cell-Free Transport from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi Apparatus (1998)

Sar1p belongs to a unique subfamily of the small GTPase superfamily and is essential for the formation of vesicles that transport proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. We have obtained mutants of the yeast SAR1 gene, which show several different phenotypes in cell growth and protein transport [Nakano, A. , Otsuka, H., Yamagishi, M., Yamamoto, E., Kimura, K., Nishikawa, S., and Oka, T. (1994) J. Biochem. 116, 243-247; Yamanushi, T., Hirata, A., Oka, T., and Nakano, A. (1996) ibid. 120, 452-458]. In this study, we have purified five mutant Sar1 proteins using an Escherichia coli expression system and characterized their biochemical properties in detail. Three of them prefer GDP binding to GTP binding and are thus regarded as GDP-form mutants, and one is insensitive to the GTPase-activating protein and is almost fixed in the GTP-bound state. The GDP mutants are defective in vesicle formation in vitro, whereas the GTP mutant can drive vesicle formation but not the overall transport to the Golgi. These mutants will be useful for further understanding of the regulation of the GTPase cycle of Sar1p.
Novel Methode for Preparation of Interdigitated Back Contacted a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells (2011)

We present a novel method for structuring Emitter and BSF areas of interdigitated back contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells (IBC-HJ). The method combines the benefits of in-line capability with vacuum processes only, reusable masks, self alignment and furthermore an easy and extreme safe wafer handling. It is based on plasma etching of passivation layers and a following layer deposition procedure via openings in a mechanical masking. The exceptional way how the reusable masks are attached to the sample provides accurate masking over large area. By overlaying two masks the wafer can remain underneath the lower masking, which also works as a sample holder during all the structuring steps while, if necessary, the upper mask is exchanged for each particular process step. This provides an extreme safe wafer handling along all the IBC-HJ specific process steps, highly recommended for very thin wafers. This allows processing the different layers (e.g. emitter, BSF, TCO, metal) structures without the need to touch the wafer after each step. Furthermore a mechanical self aligning of the mask-stacks can be applied in mass production. First test structures are shown and cost estimation for IBC-HJ solar cells is presented.
Immature hematopoietic stem cells undergo maturation in the fetal liver (2012)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are defined by their capacity to reconstitute adult conventional mice, are first found in the dorsal aorta after 10.5 days post coitus (dpc) and in the fetal liver at 11 dpc. However, lympho-myeloid hematopoietic progenitors are detected in the dorsal aorta from 9 dpc, raising the issue of their role in establishing adult hematopoiesis. Here, we show that these progenitors are endowed with long-term reconstitution capacity, but only engraft natural killer (NK)-deficient Rag2γc(-/-) mice. This novel population, called here immature HSCs, evolves in culture with thrombopoietin and stromal cells, into HSCs, defined by acquisition of CD45 and MHC-1 expression and by the capacity to reconstitute NK-competent mice. This evolution occurs during ontogeny, as early colonization of fetal liver by immature HSCs precedes that of HSCs. Moreover, organ culture experiments show that immature HSCs acquire, in this environment, the features of HSCs.
Aurora Kinase Inhibitors Based on the Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine Core: Fluorine and Deuterium Incorporation Improve Oral Absorption and Exposure (2010)

Aurora kinases are cell cycle regulated serine/threonine kinases that have been linked to cancer. Compound 1 was identified as a potent Aurora inhibitor but lacked oral bioavailability. Optimization of 1 led to the discovery of a series of fluoroamine and deuterated analogues, exemplified by compound 25, with an improved pharmacokinetic profile. We found that blocking oxidative metabolism at the benzylic position and decreasing the basicity of the amine are important to obtaining compounds with good biological profiles and oral bioavailability.
State-of-Charge (SOC)-Balancing Control of a Battery Energy Storage System Based on a Cascade PWM Converter (2009)

Renewable energy sources such as wind turbine generators and photovoltaics produce fluctuating electric power. The fluctuating power can be compensated by installing an energy storage system in the vicinity of these sources. This paper describes a 6.6-kV battery energy storage system based on a cascade pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter with focus on a control method for state-of-charge (SOC) balancing of the battery units. A 200-V, 10-kW, 3.6-kWh (13-MJ) laboratory system combining a cascade PWM converter with nine nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery units is designed, constructed, and tested to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed balancing control.
What Shape Are Dolphins? Building 3D Morphable Models from 2D Images (2012)

3D morphable models are low-dimensional parameterizations of 3D object classes which provide a powerful means of associating 3D geometry to 2D images. However, morphable models are currently generated from 3D scans, so for general object classes such as animals they are economically and practically infeasible. We show that, given a small amount of user interaction (little more than that required to build a conventional morphable model), there is enough information in a collection of 2D pictures of certain object classes to generate a full 3D morphable model, even in the absence of surface texture. The key restriction is that the object class should not be strongly articulated, and that a very rough rigid model should be provided as an initial estimate of the “mean shape.” The model representation is a linear combination of subdivision surfaces, which we fit to image silhouettes and any identifiable key points using a novel combined continuous-discrete optimization strategy. Results are demonstrated on several natural object classes, and show that models of rather high quality can be obtained from this limited information.
A low-voltage micropower JFET/bipolar operational amplifier (1981)

A single cell supply (operable down to 1.2 V) micropower operational amplifier using compatible low pinchoff voltage JFET's (V/SUB p/=0.4 V) in conjunction with standard bipolar technology has been developed. The subvolt pinchoff JFET's have proved useful in the common-mode feedback-assisted biasing of a simple p-n-p input stage to permit single supply operation, the design of a low-voltage high-performance current mirror and a differential to single-ended converter. The amplifier exhibits excellent ac performance (unity gain slew rate=0.25 V//spl mu/s, unity gain bandwidth=850 kHz) with low power dissipation (245 /spl mu/W).
PET Imaging of αvβ3 Expression in Cancer Patients (2010)

Imaging of αvβ3 expression in malignant diseases has been extensively studied in the last years, mainly because the level of integrin αvβ3 expression might be a surrogate parameter of angiogenic activity. Most studies have been performed using preclinical tumor models but recently first results if imaging αvβ3 expression in patients have been published. The first approach used was the radiotracer approach with tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) like [(18)F]Galacto-RGD or tracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) like [(99m)Tc]NC100692. In this article we will focus on the experimental design and methodology of PET imaging of αvβ3 expression with the tracer [(18)F]Galacto-RGD. Common difficulties and pitfalls in image acquisition and interpretation will be discussed. Finally, the performance of PET will be compared to other methods of imaging of αvβ3 expression, like magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, or optical imaging.
Scavenger Receptors Mediate Cellular Uptake of Polyvalent Oligonucleotide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

Mammalian cells have been shown to internalize oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-Au NPs or siRNA-Au NPs) without the aid of auxiliary transfection agents and use them to initiate an antisense or RNAi response. Previous studies have shown that the dense monolayer of oligonucleotides on the nanoparticle leads to the adsorption of serum proteins and facilitates cellular uptake. Here, we show that serum proteins generally act to inhibit cellular uptake of DNA-Au NPs. We identify the pathway for DNA-Au NP entry in HeLa cells. Biochemical analyses indicate that DNA-Au NPs are taken up by a process involving receptor-mediated endocytosis. Evidence shows that DNA-Au NP entry is primarily mediated by scavenger receptors, a class of pattern-recognition receptors. This uptake mechanism appears to be conserved across species, as blocking the same receptors in mouse cells also disrupted DNA-Au NP entry. Polyvalent nanoparticles functionalized with siRNA are shown to enter through the same pathway. Thus, scavenger receptors are required for cellular uptake of polyvalent oligonucleotide functionalized nanoparticles.
A review and taxonomy of distortion-oriented presentation techniques (1994)

One of the common problems associated with large computer-based information systems is the relatively small window through which an information space can be viewed. Increasing interest in recent years has been focused on the development of distortion-oriented presentation techniques to address this problem. However, the growing number of new terminologies and techniques developed have caused considerable confusion to the graphical user interface designer, consequently making the comparison of these presentation techniques and generalization of empirical results of experiments with them very difficult, if not impossible. This article provides a taxonomy of distortion-oriented techniques which demonstrates clearly their underlying relationships. A unified theory is presented to reveal their roots and origins. Issues relating to the implementation and performance of these techniques are also discussed.
Polygenes, Risk Prediction, and Targeted Prevention of Breast Cancer (2008)

The clinical use of single, common, low-penetrance genes is limited, but a few susceptibility alleles may distinguish women who are at high risk for breast cancer from those who are at low risk, particularly in the context of population screening.
Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: role of refractoriness heterogeneity (1997)

Although sympathetic activation is believed to promote atrial fibrillation (AF), the effects of sympathetic stimulation on AF have not been systematically studied. In seven morphine-chloralose-anesthetized dogs, autonomic decentralization increased atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and reentrant wavelength (WL) and decreased the duration of AF induced by burst atrial pacing. Graded bilateral stellate ansa stimulation decreased ERP and WL to values similar to those before decentralization but did not return AF duration to predecentralization values. Sympathetic and bilateral vagal stimulation were adjusted in six additional dogs to produce similar effects on ERP and WL. Despite comparable effects on mean WL, the duration of AF was increased by vagal stimulation from 14 +/- 5 (control) to 372 +/- 96 s (P < 0.001) but was not altered significantly (26 +/- 10 s) by sympathetic stimulation. Vagal stimulation increased the variability in atrial refractoriness, as indicated by the standard deviation of ERP at seven atrial sites and of activation frequency during AF at 112 recording sites, whereas sympathetic stimulation had no significant effect on these indexes of ERP heterogeneity. We conclude that sympathetic stimulation is much less effective than vagal stimulation in promoting AF and that heterogeneity in atrial ERP may be important in determining the ability to sustain AF.
Purification and characterization of yeast myristoyl CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase. (1987)

Myristoyl CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes the addition of myristic acid to the amino-terminal glycine residues of a number of eukaryotic proteins. Recently, we developed a cell-free system for analyzing NMT activity and have begun to characterize the substrate specificity of this enzyme by using a series of synthetic peptides. We have now purified NMT from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to apparent homogeneity. The native enzyme is a 55-kDa protein, exhibits no requirement for divalent cation, and appears to contain a histidine residue critical for enzyme activity. A total of 42 synthetic peptides have been used to define structure/activity relationships in NMT substrates. An amino-terminal glycine is required for acylation; substitution with glycine analogues produces peptides that are inactive as substrates or inhibitors of NMT. A broad spectrum of amino acids is permitted at positions 3 and 4, while strict amino acid requirements are exhibited at position 5. Replacement of Ala5 in the peptide Gly-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg with Asp ablates the peptide's myristoyl-accepting activity. A serine at this position results in a decrease by a factor of approximately equal to 500 in the apparent Km in the context of three different sequences. Penta- and hexa-peptides are substrates, but with decreased affinity. These studies establish that structural information important for NMT-ligand interaction exists beyond the first two amino acids in peptide substrates and that the side chains of residue 5 play a critical role in the binding of substrates to this enzyme.
Extensive homology between the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and the alpha-hemolysin of Escherichia coli (1987)

The 19.8- and 101.9-kilodalton leukotoxin proteins of Pasteurella haemolytica (LKTC and LKTA, respectively) share extensive homology with the HLYC and HLYA alpha-hemolysin proteins of Escherichia coli. The leukotoxin LKTA protein cross-reacts with hemolysin-specific antisera in Western blot (immunoblot) analysis, indicating that it shares epitopes with the alpha-hemolysin HLYA protein. Both LKTA and HLYA contain a conserved hydrophobic region, as well as a set of tandemly repeated domains. These features have been implicated in the lytic function of the alpha-hemolysin.
EGFR Mutations and ALK Rearrangements Are Associated with Low Response Rates to PD-1 Pathway Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis (2016)

NSCLCs harboring EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements are associated with low ORRs to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Low rates of concurrent PD-L1 expression and CD8(+) TILs within the tumor microenvironment may underlie these clinical observations. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4585-93. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Gettinger and Politi, p. 4539.
Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Motifs Required for Elongation of a Telomeric Substrate (2003)

The reverse transcriptase telomerase copies an internal RNA template to synthesize telomeric simple-sequence repeats. In the cellular context, telomerase must elongate its few intended substrates (authentic chromosome ends) without spurious activity on other potential substrates (chromosome ends created by damage, repair, or recombination). Many mechanisms have been proposed to account for the biological substrate specificity of telomerase, with most models focusing on protein-protein interactions between telomerase and telomeric chromatin. Telomerase activity assays testing the elongation of model oligonucleotide substrates have revealed that in addition to hybridization with the RNA template, optimal DNA substrates also engage telomerase protein-based interaction sites. The physiological significance of these non-template interaction sites has not been established. We used in vivo reconstitution to assemble telomerase enzymes with variant telomerase reverse transcriptase proteins. Several telomerase enzyme variants retained a wild-type level of catalytic function in vitro when assayed using an artificial sequence substrate but exhibited reduced activity on a more physiological telomeric-sequence substrate. Telomerases that demonstrated this defect in telomeric substrate usage in vitro also failed to support telomere length maintenance in vivo. Our findings suggest that non-template interactions of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein with telomeric DNA play a critical role in supporting telomerase function on its appropriate cellular substrates.
Acute Hepatic Coma Treated by Cross-Circulation or Exchange Transfusion (1967)

THE likelihood of survival from acute massive hepatic necrosis with deepening coma is extremely poor. For this reason, efforts have been made to provide additional temporary support by means of exchange transfusion,13 heterologous liver perfusion4 , 5 and human cross-circulation,6 to permit regeneration of liver parenchyma. This report describes the management of 4 cases of acute massive hepatic necrosis with progressing deep coma after repeated halothane anesthesia and 1 case of viral hepatitis with coma. Three patients were treated by cross-circulation, and 2 by exchange transfusion. Four cross-circulation partners were utilized, 3 normal subjects and 1 with cancer.MethodsCross-circulation was performed . . .
Effects of Propofol and Ketamine as Combined Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Depressive Disorder (2012)

The results suggested that propofol combined with ketamine anesthesia might be the first-choice anesthesia in patients with depressive disorder undergoing ECT.