gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Adhesion Molecules on CD34 + Cells in Peripheral Blood of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients Mobilized with Different Growth Factors (2001)

Adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells were implicated in the process of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and homing. We studied the mobilization of CD34(+)Thy1(+) cells, CD34(+) very late-acting antigen (VLA)4(+) cells, and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF, GM-CSF, or GM-CSF followed by G-CSF. The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells in the bone marrow (BM) expressing Thy1 was 23.6% +/- 11% and 17.8% +/- 8% in the PB before mobilization, and was markedly decreased to 4.5% +/- 3.3% in the apheresis collections. Similarly, the mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing L-selectin was 35.8% +/- 4.3% in the BM, 21.6% +/- 4.1% in the PB before mobilization and was markedly decreased to 9.1% +/- 2.5% in the apheresis collections. Patients in the three arms of the study had a similar pattern of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cell mobilization. Also, a similar pattern of coexpression of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells was observed when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" (> or =2 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in four collections) and "poor mobilizers" (<0.4 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in two collections). The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 in the BM and PB was relatively high (73.4% +/- 12% and 65.4% +/- 6.6%, respectively) and dropped considerably in the PBSC collections to 43.5% +/- 7.1% with a similar pattern observed for patients in arms A, B, and C. However, when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" and "poor mobilizers," a higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 was observed in the PBSC of the pooled "good mobilizers" (50.5% +/- 9% versus 36.3% +/- 6.4%; p = 0.01). We conclude that release of CD34(+) cells to the PB involves a general downregulation of Thy1, L-selectin and VLA-4 on CD34(+) cells, irrespective of the growth factor used for mobilization. However, good mobilizers had a relatively higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing the VLA-4 antigen.
Serum proteome alteration of severe sepsis in the treatment of continuous renal replacement therapy (2009)

This study gives a novel overview of serum proteome alteration of severe sepsis patient in the treatment of CVVH. Potentially interesting proteins have been revealed that are different from those identified by method of traditional biology.
Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites (2010)

Graphene has emerged as a subject of enormous scientific interest due to its exceptional electron transport, mechanical properties, and high surface area. When incorporated appropriately, these atomically thin carbon sheets can significantly improve physical properties of host polymers at extremely small loading. We first review production routes to exfoliated graphite with an emphasis on top-down strategies starting from graphite oxide, including advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then solvent- and melt-based strategies to disperse chemically or thermally reduced graphene oxide in polymers are discussed. Analytical techniques for characterizing particle dimensions, surface characteristics, and dispersion in matrix polymers are also introduced. We summarize electrical, thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties of the graphene/polymer nanocomposites. We conclude this review listing current challenges associated with processing and scalability of graphene composites and future perspectives for this new class of nanocomposites.
A novel role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I. Priming neutrophils for superoxide anion secretion (1991)

Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). PMA, opsonized-zymosan, or FMLP could all be used as triggering stimuli to demonstrate priming by GH or IGF-I. As positive controls, IFN-gamma and LPS also primed both human and porcine PMN for enhanced O2- release. However, only the LPS-mediated enhancement was inhibited by polymyxin B, which demonstrates that the priming induced by GH, IGF-I, or IFN-gamma was not caused by LPS contamination. Furthermore, a specific antibody to GH abrogated priming induced by this molecule. In contrast to IGF-I, the closely related molecule insulin was unable to prime PMN even at pharmacologic levels. Insulin, at pharmacologic levels, antagonized the priming mediated by IGF-I but had no effect on GH priming. A mAb directed against the human IGF-I receptor blocked the enhanced secretion of O2- by human PMN that was caused by IGF-I, but not GH, indicating that neutrophil priming induced by GH was not mediated by inducing extracellular release of IGF-I. However, priming PMN by both GH and IGF-I required de novo protein synthesis, because cycloheximide completely abrogated enhanced O2- secretion that was caused by these growth factors. These data show that a classic pituitary hormone (GH), as well as its widely recognized growth promoting peptide (IGF-I), are involved in regulating an important functional activity of both porcine and human PMN. Inasmuch as GH and IGF-I have recently been demonstrated to be synthesized by leukocytes, these data support the possibility that both of these proteins could act in a paracrine fashion as cytokines to prime PMN for an enhanced respiratory burst.
A Review of Odd-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and the Role of Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0) and Heptadecanoic Acid (C17:0) in Health and Disease (2015)

The role of C17:0 and C15:0 in human health has recently been reinforced following a number of important biological and nutritional observations. Historically, odd chain saturated fatty acids (OCS-FAs) were used as internal standards in GC-MS methods of total fatty acids and LC-MS methods of intact lipids, as it was thought their concentrations were insignificant in humans. However, it has been thought that increased consumption of dairy products has an association with an increase in blood plasma OCS-FAs. However, there is currently no direct evidence but rather a casual association through epidemiology studies. Furthermore, a number of studies on cardiometabolic diseases have shown that plasma concentrations of OCS-FAs are associated with lower disease risk, although the mechanism responsible for this is debated. One possible mechanism for the endogenous production of OCS-FAs is α-oxidation, involving the activation, then hydroxylation of the α-carbon, followed by the removal of the terminal carboxyl group. Differentiation human adipocytes showed a distinct increase in the concentration of OCS-FAs, which was possibly caused through α-oxidation. Further evidence for an endogenous pathway, is in human plasma, where the ratio of C15:0 to C17:0 is approximately 1:2 which is contradictory to the expected levels of C15:0 to C17:0 roughly 2:1 as detected in dairy fat. We review the literature on the dietary consumption of OCS-FAs and their potential endogenous metabolism.
Pivotal Advance: Avian colony-stimulating factor 1 ( CSF-1 ), interleukin-34 ( IL-34 ), and CSF-1 receptor genes and gene products (2010)

Macrophages are involved in many aspects of development, host defense, pathology, and homeostasis. Their normal differentiation, proliferation, and survival are controlled by CSF-1 via the activation of the CSF1R. A recently discovered cytokine, IL-34, was shown to bind the same receptor in humans. Chicken is a widely used model organism in developmental biology, but the factors that control avian myelopoiesis have not been identified previously. The CSF-1, IL-34, and CSF1R genes in chicken and zebra finch were identified from respective genomic/cDNA sequence resources. Comparative analysis of the avian CSF1R loci revealed likely orthologs of mammalian macrophage-specific promoters and enhancers, and the CSF1R gene is expressed in the developing chick embryo in a pattern consistent with macrophage-specific expression. Chicken CSF-1 and IL-34 were expressed in HEK293 cells and shown to elicit macrophage growth from chicken BM cells in culture. Comparative sequence and co-evolution analysis across all vertebrates suggests that the two ligands interact with distinct regions of the CSF1R. These studies demonstrate that there are two separate ligands for a functional CSF1R across all vertebrates.
Tri-Gate fully-depleted CMOS transistors: fabrication, design and layout (2004)

Tri-Gate fully-depleted CMOS transistors have been fabricated with various body dimensions. These experimental results and 3-D simulations are used to explore the design space for full depletion, as well as layout issues for the Tri-Gate architecture, down to 30 nm gate lengths. It is found not only that the Tri-Gate body dimensions are flexible and relaxed compared to single-gate or double-gate devices, but that the corner plays a fundamental role in determining the device I-V characteristics. The corner device not only turns on at lower voltages due to the proximity of two adjacent gates, but the DIBL of this part of the device is much smaller than the rest of the transistor. The shape of the subthreshold I-V characteristics and the degree of DIBL control, as well as the early device turn-on are also greatly affected by the degree of body corner rounding. Examination of layout issues shows that the fin-doubling approach from using a spacer printing technique results in an increase in drive current of 1.2 times that of a planar device for a given width, though the shape of the allowed Tri-Gate fins has certain restrictions.
Improved long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing remote ischaemic conditioning as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (2013)

Remote ischaemic conditioning before primary percutaneous coronary intervention seemed to improve long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Lateral Capsule Migration in Microfluidic Channels (2017)

A capsule motion inside a microfluidic channel has attracted a lot of attention in recent decades owing to its important applications in industrial, pharmaceutical and physiological systems such as in cell sorting, targeted drug delivery and blood flow. In this dissertation, we computationally investigate an elastic capsule's lateral migration inside a constricted microfluidic device under Stokes flow conditions. We use the Membrane Spectral Boundary Element (MSBE) method to determine the capsule dynamics due to its high computational accuracy and versatility in dealing with complex solid geometries. In the bounded Poiseuille flow of the microfluidic constriction, a capsule, placed initially off-centered will migrate away from the wall and move toward the channel centerline. The capsule's lateral migration behavior is caused by the combination of the wall effects due to the existence of the channel boundary, the shear gradient generated by the non-linear velocity distribution of the flow, and the lift force created by the capsule deformation. We use a constricted device instead of a straight channel to do the simulations, because the capsule's lateral migration in a straight channel is too slow to be observed easily, while the existence of the converging connection of the constricted device increases the capsule's lateral velocity and thus facilitates its migration. The main goal of our research is to investigate the effects of the capsule's physical properties on its lateral migration behavior. We released various deformable capsules at different initial positions, membrane hardness, viscosity ratios, and capsule volumes inside the constricted channel and computed their deformation behavior and migration trajectories. Our results show that changing a capsule's viscosity ratio or the membrane hardness does not strongly affect the capsule's lateral migration due to the capsule's weak inner circulation. On the other hand, changing the capsule's initial position and capsule volume strongly affect its migration trajectories. Thus soft particles with different sizes can be separated and identified.
Removal of proteoglycans from the surface of defects in articular cartilage transiently enhances coverage by repair cells (1998)

L esions within the articular cartilage layer of synovial joints do not heal spontaneously. Some repair cells may appear, but their failure to become established may be related to problems of adhesion to proteoglycan-rich surfaces. We therefore investigated whether controlled enzymatic degradation of surface proteoglycan molecules to a depth of about 1 m, using chondroitinase ABC, would improve coverage by repair cells.
To take arms against a sea of email (1995)

The rapid growth of the Internet means there is more email traffic now than ever before, and there will be still more in years to come. There was a time when only hard-core hackers had to deal with significant amounts of email. As email becomes a standard medium of communication, and more and more nonprogrammers join mailing lists, an increasing number of people find themselves receiving large amounts of email and must cope with it.
Acidic Mesoporous Silica for the Acetylation of Glycerol:  Synthesis of Bioadditives to Petrol Fuel (2007)

Expected increasing biodiesel production during the next few years will lead to an overproduction of glycerol, which is the main byproduct. The use of glycerol-based additives to improve petrol fuel properties is one of the possibilities currently being explored to utilize this renewable feedstock. In this context, sulfonic acid functionalized mesostructured materials have demonstrated an excellent catalytic behavior in the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to yield acetylated derivates. Diacetylglycerol (DAG) and triacetylglycerol (TAG, also called triacetin) have been shown to be valuable petrol fuel additives leading to either enhanced cold and viscosity properties when blended with diesel fuel or antiknocking properties when added to gasoline. The activities and selectivities achieved using sulfonic acid functionalized mesostructured materials as catalysts are comparable or even superior to those displayed by conventional acid catalysts, providing values up to 90% of glycerol conversion and over 80% of combined selectivity toward DAG and TAG after 4 h of reaction. The acid strength of the sulfonic acid site has also been found to be an important factor affecting the catalytic performance of these materials. Moreover, these sulfonated mesostructured materials have been reused in repeated catalytic runs after a mild solvent-washing regeneration step yielding similar catalytic performance to that of the fresh catalyst.
N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide After Myocardial Infarction (2002)

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is increased early after acute myocardial infarction. We assessed the relationship of NT-proBNP with left ventricular function and mass as well as with renal function, hemodynamic, and anthropometric variables in 625 outpatients in the chronic phase after myocardial infarction and 465 siblings without infarction (control). NT-proBNP was measured by nonextracted, enzyme-linked, sandwich immunoassay. NT-proBNP was correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, mass index, and renal function, in addition to infarction history, gender, and age, in univariate and multivariate analysis (all P<0.01). Increases in NT-proBNP observed in subjects with infarction (96.6+/-13.7 versus 31.2+/-1.8 pmol/L in control subjects, P<0.001) were particularly pronounced in the presence of significant left ventricular dysfunction (182.8+/-41.9 pmol/L), left ventricular hypertrophy (214.5+/-61.7 pmol/L), and renal dysfunction (210.3+/-51.4 pmol/L, all P<0.01). Patients with an ejection fraction <35% were detected by NT-proBNP with a sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 75%, 62%, and 99%, respectively, at an optimal cutoff of 44 pmol/L. Patients with an ejection fraction <35% and concomitant left ventricular hypertrophy were detected with a sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 90%, 80%, and 99.9%, respectively, at a cutoff of 76 pmol/L. Similar results were obtained for patients with an ejection fraction <35% and concomitant renal dysfunction at a cutoff of 162 pmol/L. NT-proBNP is a biochemical marker of integrated cardio-renal function in the chronic phase after myocardial infarction and a potential diagnostic tool for the detection and exclusion of significant left ventricular dysfunction. Cutoff concentrations have to be chosen according to renal function to optimize the predictive value of NT-proBNP.
Ethical issues in health care institutions. Lesson three: Hospital ethics committees. (1991)

The hospital ethics committee serves as the topic for this third lesson of a five-part WMU/AHRA magazine course on ethics. Proliferating during the last ten years and fostered by the Karen Ann Quinlan case, hospital ethics committees today function in three areas: education, development of guidelines and policies, and individual case consultation. Using specific examples in the discussion of each function, the authors give a detailed picture of the valuable contribution these committees make to the institutions they serve.
Molecular cloning of human interferon cDNA. (1980)

A hybrid plasmid, TpIF319, has been shown to contain the sequence for human fibroblast interferon mRNA [Taniguchi, T., Sakai, M., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Muramatsu, M., Kobayashi, S. & Sudo, T. (1979) Proc. Jpn. Acad. 55, Ser. B, 464-469]. This conclusion was confirmed by a hybridization-translation assay, using rabbit globin mRNA and its cDNA-containing plasmid as a control. Plasmid TpIF319 was used as probe and another recombinant plasmid, TpIF319-13, whose cDNA insert consists of about 800 base pairs, was isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA revealed that the DNA in fact codes for human fibroblast interferon.
Translating Enzymology into Metabolic Regulation: The Case of the 2- Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex (2013)

Enzymes are catalysts designed to function in the metabolic networks of biological systems. This review shows mechanisms underlying chemical contribution to the biological system performance and adaptations in permanently changing environment. The catalyst is exemplified by the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex irreversibly degrading a branch point metabolite 2-oxoglutarate at the crossroad of carbon, nitrogen and fat metabolism. According to the key metabolic position and multienzyme structure, the complex exhibits rich regulation, demonstrating main principles governing the catalysis within metabolic network. First, the catalyst kinetics is changed through the enzyme-ligand interactions affecting the catalyst structure. The ligands include both small molecules and proteins, affecting catalysis by binding either to active (coenzymes, substrates, products or inhibitors) or allosteric sites. Allostery enables enzymatic sensitivity to general cellular signals, transmitted, in particular, by second messengers (Ca2+), adenine nucleotide phosphorylation status or redox potential. Regulation of catalysis by heterologous protein-protein interactions helps organization of metabolic pathways. Secondly, different regulators may interact through the protein structure effecting synergistic or antagonistic relationships through combined conformational stabilization or competitive binding. The latter is supported by common structural elements, e.g. adenine moiety, present in a number of biologically essential molecules. Thirdly, cellular systems may control the enzymatic catalysis by posttranslational modifications which may either effect or disable catalysis. The inactivation may protect catalyst itself and/or surrounding medium under conditions of metabolic impairment. Thus, enzymology enables our predictive capacity regarding both the enzyme impact on general metabolism and response to the metabolic changes within cellular network. This paves the way to the knowledge-based design of pharmacological tools to perform metabolic regulation required for solving medical and bioengineering problems. Keywords: lipoic acid, multienzyme complex, neurodegeneration, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, phosphorylation potential, redox regulation, thiamine deficiency, tricarboxylic acid cycle
Enhanced clearance of radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody by a syngeneic anti‐idiotype antibody in tumor‐bearing nude mice (1992)

A syngeneic anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (MAb) (CM-11) directed against an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) murine MAb (NP-4) was evaluated as a second antibody (SA) to promote the rapid clearance of radiolabeled NP-4 from the blood. Initial studies confirmed that CM-11 IgG removed 131I-NP-4 IgG from the blood as effectively as a polyclonal donkey anti-goat IgG removed 131I-goat IgG. However, use of an F(ab')2 in place of either the NP-4 or CM-11 IgG was not as effective in removing primary radiolabeled antibody, despite the formation of high-molecular-weight complexes. In accordance with previous results, the timing and dose of the SA injection was critical for optimizing tumor uptake and improving tumor/non-tumor ratios. In nude mice bearing GW-39 human colonic tumor xenografts, a delay in the injection of CM-11 by 48 hr after injection of radiolabeled NP-4 was optimal, since this allowed maximum tumor accretion. At a 200:1 CM-11:NP-4 ratio, tumor uptake was reduced, suggesting inhibition of NP-4 binding to CEA within the tumor. Despite optimizing tumor uptake by delaying SA injection and adjusting its dose, the percentage of 131I-NP-4 in the tumor decreased 2- to 3-fold within 2 days after CM-11 injection. A similar effect was seen for 111In-labeled NP-4 IgG with CM-11. Injection of excess unlabeled NP-4 given to block CM-11 shortly after its injection failed to curtail the loss of NP-4 from the tumor. Our results suggest that high blood levels of MAb are important for sustaining NP-4 in the tumor. Radiation-dose predictions derived from biodistribution studies indicate that a higher tumor dose may be delivered using the SA method than with either 131I-NP-4 IgG or F(ab')2 alone. Use of the SA method with 90Y-labeled NP-4 IgG, as modeled from biodistribution studies with 111In-NP-4 IgG, would likely be limited by liver toxicity.
Inflammatory Process in Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Population-based studies have shown strong relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolic disturbances, obesity, and atherosclerosis, whereas inflammation has been considered as a "common soil" between these clinical entities and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue (AT), the common origin of macrophages and adipocytes, the prevalent presence of peripheral mononuclear cells, and apoptotic beta cells by themselves seem to be the sources of inflammation present in T2D, since they generate the mediators of the inflammatory processes, namely cytokines. The main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of T2D are interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), with an action similar to the one present in type 1 diabetes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6, considered as the main regulators of inflammation, leptin, more recently introduced, and several others, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, resistin, adiponectin, with either deleterious or beneficial effects in diabetic pathogenesis. The characterization of these molecules targeted diabetes treatment beyond the classical interventions with lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical agents, and toward the determination of specific molecular pathways that lead to low grade chronic inflammatory state mainly due to an immune system's unbalance.