gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Photochemical Generation of a Triple Bond:  Synthesis, Properties, and Photodecarbonylation of Cyclopropenones (2003)

UV irradiation of alkyl-, aryl-, and heteroatom-substituted cyclopropenones results in the loss of carbon monoxide and the formation of quantitative yields of corresponding alkynes. The quantum yield of the photochemical decarbonylation reaction ranges from 20% to 30% for alkyl-substituted cyclopropenones to above 70% for the diphenyl- and dinaphthylcyclorpopenones. Rapid formation (<5 ns) and then a somewhat slower decay (ca. 40 ns) of an intermediate in this reaction was observed by using laser flash photolysis. The DFT calculations allowed us to identify this intermediate as a zwitterionic species formed by a cleavage of one of the carbon-carbon bonds of the cyclopropenone ring. The latter then rapidly loses carbon monoxide to produce the ultimate acetylenic product. Despite their high photoreactivity, cyclopropenones were found to be thermally stable compounds with the exception of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted cyclopropenones. The latter undergo rapid solvolysis in hydroxylic solvents even at room temperature. The application of this reaction to the in situ generation of the enediyne structure was illustrated by the photochemical preparation of benzannulated enediyne 12.
Enhancement of soybean nodulation by Bacillus cereus UW85 in the field and in a growth chamber (1991)

Seed treatments with Bacillus cereus UW85 increased nodulation of soybeans in three field seasons and in three different sterilized soils in the growth chamber. In the field, 28 and 35 days after planting, UW85-treated plants had 31 to 133% more nodules than untreated plants. From 49 days after planting until seed harvest, there were no significant differences between nodulation of UW85-treated plants and untreated control plants. In the growth chamber, in sterilized soil-vermiculite mixtures, at 28 days after planting, UW85 seed treatments enhanced nodulation by 34 to 61%, indicating that the increase in nodulation was not dependent on the soil flora.
Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli (1981)

Two physically and genetically distinct forms of succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase have been identified in Escherichia coli B. The two enzymes could be separated by filtration on Sephadex G-150 and their apparent molecular weights were 200 000 and 97 000. The larger enzyme, which is specific for NADP, is induced by growth on gamma-aminobutyrate. Its induction is highly coordinated with that of gamma-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate transaminase, the enzyme which initiates degradation of gamma-aminobutyrate. The smaller enzyme, which is induced by growth on p-hydroxyphenylacetate, has been purified to 98% homogeneity by affinity chromatography in conjunction with conventional methods. Under standard assay conditions this enzyme acts preferentially with NAD but reduces NADP at 15% of the rate observed for NAD, primarily because of a difference in Km. Apparent Km values for succinic semialdehyde and NAD are 13.3 +/- 1.3 microM and 33.7 +/- 1.4 microM, respectively. The subunit molecular weight was estimated to be 55 000, indicating that the native enzyme is dimeric. The NAD-dependent succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is also induced by exposure of cells to exogenous succinic semialdehyde, a treatment which has no effect on the amount of other enzymes of p-hydroxyphenylacetate or gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism. Apparently the gene for this enzyme functions independently from the genes encoding the other enzymes of p-hydroxyphenyl-acetate degradation. As a consequence of its induction mechanism, this NAD-dependent dehydrogenase is also present in extracts of E. coli B grown with gamma-aminobutyrate as sole nitrogen source, in addition to the NADP-specific enzyme involved in gamma-aminobutyrate metabolism. Presumably the NAD-dependent enzyme is gratuitously induced by succinic semialdehyde formed by transamination of gamma-aminobutyrate.
Neglect Induced by Thalamotomy in Humans: A Quantitative Appraisal of the Sensory and Motor Deficits (1986)

Stereotactic lesions for the treatment of tremor and rigidity in patients with Parkinson's disease are occasionally followed by neglect of the use of contralateral extremities for spontaneous movement when there are no specific sensory or motor deficits. A group of patients with neglected extremities was compared with a group of patients in which thalamotomy did not produce neglect. Neglect was shown by changes in motor performance, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and electroencephalographic frequency induced by the lesion, as well as radiological evidence of brain atrophy and place and extension of lesions. Reaction time to both auditory and somatosensory stimuli was significantly increased only in the extremities contralateral to the lesion of patients with neglect; tremor decreased equally in both groups, and other motor abilities remained unchanged. P-200 component of SEP decreased in amplitude and increased in latency only in cases with neglect, particularly ipsilateral to the lesion; early components and mean electroencephalographic frequency remained unchanged. Brain atrophy was significant in patients with neglect, particularly for the posterior portion of the 3rd ventricle. No differences in size and location of the lesions were found between the groups. Results indicate that this type of neglect is not secondary to lesions in specific sensory of motor pathways, but to lesions of structures coupling sensorimotor functions and the process of attention and that midline thalamic nuclei atrophy precipitates the neglect, perhaps by critically decreasing the amount of reticulothalamocortical projections engaged in selective attention.
Investigating the Implications of Virtual Machine Introspection for Digital Forensics (2009)

Researchers and practitioners in computer forensics currently must base their analysis on information that is either incomplete or produced by tools that may themselves be compromised as a result of the intrusion. Complicating these issues are the techniques employed by the investigators themselves. If the system is quiescent when examined, most of the information in memory has been lost. If the system is active, the kernel and programs used by the forensic investigators are likely to influence the results and as such are themselves suspect. Using virtual machines and a technique called virtual machine introspection can help overcome these limits, but it introduces its own research challenges. Recent developments in virtual machine introspection have led to the identification of four initial priority research areas in virtual machine introspection including virtual machine introspection tool development, applications of virtual machine introspection to non-quiescent virtual machines, virtual machine introspection covert operations, and virtual machine introspection detection.
Semisynthetic combinatorial antibody libraries: a chemical solution to the diversity problem. (1992)

The properties of naiveté and large diversity are considered to be essential starting features for combinatorial antibody libraries that eschew immunization by evolution in vitro. We have prepared large libraries with such properties by using random oligonucleotide synthesis, which has the potential to create approximately 10(20) complementarity-determining regions for antibody heavy chains. When combined with light chains and expressed on phage surfaces, high-affinity antibodies could be selected from 5.0 x 10(7) Escherichia coli transformants. Remarkably, antibodies selected only for binding displayed both general structural features known to be important in nature's own antibodies and specific consensus sequences thought to be critical for interaction with the hapten against which the library was selected. Semisynthetic and ultimately totally synthetic combinatorial libraries when coupled with mutation and selection procedures should replace immunization for generation of reagent, therapeutic, and catalytic antibodies.
Identification of Proteins Associated with Murine Cytomegalovirus Virions (2004)

Proteins associated with the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) viral particle were identified by a combined approach of proteomic and genomic methods. Purified MCMV virions were dissociated by complete denaturation and subjected to either separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestion or treated directly by in-solution tryptic digestion. Peptides were separated by nanoflow liquid chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The MS/MS spectra obtained were searched against a database of MCMV open reading frames (ORFs) predicted to be protein coding by an MCMV-specific version of the gene prediction algorithm GeneMarkS. We identified 38 proteins from the capsid, tegument, glycoprotein, replication, and immunomodulatory protein families, as well as 20 genes of unknown function. Observed irregularities in coding potential suggested possible sequence errors in the 3'-proximal ends of m20 and M31. These errors were experimentally confirmed by sequencing analysis. The MS data further indicated the presence of peptides derived from the unannotated ORFs ORF(c225441-226898) (m166.5) and ORF(105932-106072). Immunoblot experiments confirmed expression of m166.5 during viral infection.
Aluminum Contamination of Parenteral Nutrition and Aluminum Loading in Children on Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition (2003)

Compared to two previous studies performed in 1990 and in 1995 in our hospital, the aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and the daily aluminum intake of the children seemed to decrease. However, the plasma aluminum concentration and daily urinary aluminum excretion of the children still remain above normal standards. The children had no clinical symptoms of bone disease but aluminum accumulation in tissue can not be excluded. To prevent this iatrogenic toxicity, the aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition should be assessed regularly.
Synthetic methods and reactions. 119. N-Formylmorpholine: a new and effective formylating agent for the preparation of aldehydes and dialkyl (1-formylalkyl)phosphonates from Grignard or organolithium reagents (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic methods and reactions. 119. N-Formylmorpholine: a new and effective formylating agent for the preparation of aldehydes and dialkyl (1-formylalkyl)phosphonates from Grignard or organolithium reagentsGeorge A. Olah, Lena Ohannesian, and Massoud ArvanaghiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 20, 3856–3857Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00194a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00194a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1114Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A dose-response study of 13-cis-retinoic acid in acne vulgaris (1983)

13-cis-retinoic acid has been used as a single agent in the treatment of seventy-six patients with previously unresponsive cystonodular acne. The study was carried out in a double-blind fashion using three doses of the drug. Ninety per cent of the patients responded with a 70% improvement in the acne severity. Sixty-six per cent of the patients experienced no further problems with their acne during follow-up. Side-effects were frequent. The 0.5 mg/kg b.w. dose is recommended for the initial course of treatment.
Use of Estrogens for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2000)

This review examines the biological rationale for the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and the evidence for the efficacy of ERT in enhancing cognition, preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and treating AD in postmenopausal women. While the biological basis for ERT as a cognition enhancer is strong and multiply mediated, the clinical evidence for its use is not as compelling and must be weighed against possible side effects. Until the results of definitive large trials are available, the use of ERT alone or in combination with other treatments is worthy of consideration.
A Targeting Motif Involved in Sodium Channel Clustering at the Axonal Initial Segment (2003)

The sorting of sodium channels to axons and the formation of clusters are of primary importance for neuronal electrogenesis. Here, we showed that the cytoplasmic loop connecting domains II and III of the Nav1 subunit contains a determinant conferring compartmentalization in the axonal initial segment of rat hippocampal neurons. Expression of a soluble Nav1.2II-III linker protein led to the disorganization of endogenous sodium channels. The motif was sufficient to redirect a somatodendritic potassium channel to the axonal initial segment, a process involving association with ankyrin G. Thus, this motif may play a fundamental role in controlling electrical excitability during development and plasticity.
Relational profiling (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Relational profiling: enabling thread-level parallelism in virtual machines Authors: Timothy Heil University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile , James E. Smith University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims MICRO 33: Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on MicroarchitectureDecember 2000 Pages 281–290https://doi.org/10.1145/360128.360156Published:01 December 2000Publication History 16citation407DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads407Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The adenovirus terminal protein influences binding of replication proteins and changes the origin structure (1993)

The adenovirus terminal protein (TP) is covalently linked to the 5' ends of the adenovirus genome and enhances DNA replication in vitro by increasing template activity. To study the effect of TP in more detail we isolated short origin fragments containing functional TP using anion exchange chromatography. These fragments were highly active as templates for DNA replication in a reconstituted system. Employing band-shift assays we found that the affinity of the precursor terminal protein-DNA polymerase complex for the TP-containing origin was increased 2 to 3-fold. Binding affinities of two other replication stimulating proteins, NFI and Oct-1, were not influenced by the terminal protein. Upon DNaseI footprinting we observed, unexpectedly, that the breakdown pattern had changed at various positions in the origin, notably in the area 3-6 and 41-51 by the presence of TP. Some differences in the footprint pattern of NFI and Oct-1 were also found. Our results indicate that TP induces subtle changes in the origin structure that influence the interaction of other replication proteins.
Selection and characterization of T-cell variants lacking molecules involved in T-cell activation (T3 T-cell receptor, T44, and T11): analysis of the functional relationship among different pathways of activation. (1987)

A clone of the interleukin 2-producing Jurkat leukemia cell line termed JA3 (surface phenotype, T3+, Ti+, T44+, T11+, T40+) has been used to induce and select cell variants lacking surface molecules involved in T-cell activation. Following 200 rad of gamma-radiation (1 rad = 0.01 Gy), cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to T3, Ti, T44, or T11 antigen and complement. After growth of the residual cells in culture, "negative" cells were cloned under limiting conditions. Depending on the specificity of the mAb used for the immunoselection, three groups of variants were obtained. (i) The use of mAbs directed to T3 or Ti resulted in cell variants that expressed the T3 Ti- T44+ Leu1+ T11+ T40+ 4F2+ HLA class I+ surface phenotype. (ii) Immunoselection with anti-T44 mAb resulted in 2 variants that shared the T3- Ti- T44- Leu1- T11+ T40+ 4F2+ HLA class I+ phenotype. (iii) Cell treatment with anti-T11 mAb resulted in 15 variants characterized by the lack of T11 antigen expression and of all the other T-cell-specific surface antigens. Therefore, it appears that the different sets of JA3 cell variants, like T cells at discrete stages of intrathymic differentiation, may follow a coordinated expression of surface differentiation antigens. Analysis of the functional responsiveness of the three distinct groups of JA3 cell variants to different stimuli showed that all produced interleukin 2 in response to A23187 calcium ionophore plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The first group of variants (T3- Ti-) did not respond to stimulation with anti-T3, anti-Ti, or anti-T44 mAbs. Eight of 9 did not respond to phytohemagglutinin either; however, all responded to appropriate stimulatory combinations of anti-T11 mAbs (and to calcium ionophore). The second group of variants (T3-, Ti-, T44-, T11+), similar to the first group, did not respond to anti-T3, anti-Ti, anti-T44 mAbs, and phytohemagglutinin, but they were fully responsive to anti-T11 mAb. The last group of variants (lacking all the T-cell-specific surface antigens) only responded to calcium ionophore A23187.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−H Borylation of Aminocyclopropanes (2022)

Transition-metal-catalyzed regio- and stereo-controllable C-H functionalization remains a formidable challenge in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we disclose the first example of iridium-catalyzed C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H borylation of aminocyclopropanes by using simple imides as weakly coordinating directing groups under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeded via a six-membered iridacycle, affording a vast range of chiral aminocyclopropyl boronates. The current method features a broad spectrum of functional groups (36 examples) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99 %). We also demonstrated the synthetic utility by a preparative scale C-H borylation, C-B bond transformations, and conversion of the directing group.
Critical Role of Bone Marrow Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein, an Inflammasome Adaptor Molecule, in Neointimal Formation After Vascular Injury in Mice (2008)

These findings suggest that bone marrow-derived ASC is critical for neointimal formation after vascular injury and identify ASC as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and restenosis.
Interaction of partially unfolded forms ofTorpedoacetylcholinesterase with liposomes (1996)

A water-soluble dimeric form of acetylcholinesterase from electric organ tissue of Torpedo californica was obtained by solubilization with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of the glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored species, followed by purification by affinity chromatography. The water-soluble species, in its catalytically active native conformation, did not interact with unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. We previously showed that either chemical modification or exposure to low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride converted the native enzyme to compact, partially unfolded species with the physicochemical characteristics of the molten globule state. In the present study, it was shown that such molten globule species, whether produced by mild denaturation or by chemical modification, interacted efficiently with small unilamellar vesicles. Binding was not accompanied by significant vesicle fusion, but transient leakage occurred at the time of binding. The bound acetylcholinesterase reduced the transition temperature of the vesicles slightly, and NMR data suggested that it interacted primarily with the head-group region of the bilayer. The effects of tryptic digestion of the bound acetycholinesterase were monitored by gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. It was found that a single polypeptide, of mass approximately 5 kDa, remained associated with the vesicles. Sequencing revealed that this is a tryptic peptide corresponding to the sequence Glu 268-Lys 315. This polypeptide contains the longest hydrophobic sequence in the protein, Leu 274-Met 308, as identified on the basis of hydropathy plots. Inspection of the three-dimensional structure of acetylcholinesterase reveals that this hydrophobic sequence is largely devoid of tertiary structure and is localized primarily on the surface of the protein. It is suggested that this hydrophobic sequence is aligned parallel to the surface of the vesicle membrane, with nonpolar residues undergoing shallow penetration into the bilayer.
Regimen-Specific Effects of RNA-Modified Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Mice with Advanced Leukemia (2013)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for adoptive immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies have demonstrated activity in early phase clinical trials. While T cells bearing stably expressed CARs are efficacious and have potential long-term persistence, temporary expression of a CAR via RNA electroporation is also potentially efficacious in preclinical models. Temporary CAR expression using RNA presents a method of testing CARs clinically with additional safety where there may be concerns about possible chronic "on-target, off-tumor" toxic effects, as the degradation of RNA ensures complete removal of the CAR over time without relying on suicide induction systems. CD19-directed RNA CAR T cells were tested in vivo for efficacy and comparison to lentiviral vector (LV)-generated stable CAR T cells. We tested the hypothesis that multiple infusions of RNA CAR T cells preceded by lymphodepleting chemotherapy could mediate improved survival and sustained antitumor responses in a robust leukemia xenograft model. The saturation strategy using rationally designed multiple infusions of RNA CARs based on multiple model iterations approached the efficacy of a stable LV expression method. Two-color imaging revealed that relapse was a locoregional phenomenon in both the temporary and the stable expression models. In marked contrast to stably expressed CARs with retroviral or LV technology, the efficacy of RNA CARs appears independent of the costimulatory signaling endodomains likely because they more influence proliferation and persistence rather than short-term efficacy. The efficacy of the RNA CAR infusions may approach that of stably expressed CARs, offer theoretically safer initial clinical testing in addition to suicide systems, and allow for rapid and effective iterative preclinical modeling for the testing of new targets.