gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early detection of rejection and assessment of cyclosporine therapy by 111In antimyosin imaging in mouse heart allografts. (1991)

BACKGROUND. Mice (n = 58) with abdominal heterotopic heart transplants were studied to examine the effectiveness of 111In-labeled antimyosin scintigraphy in the detection of rejection and to determine the consequence of cyclosporine therapy on the results. METHODS AND RESULTS. Allografts from B10D2 donors were transplanted into B6AF1 recipients. Of the 49 allografted mice, 19 were treated with cyclosporine (15 mg/kg.day). Nine isografted mice served as controls. Scintigraphy was performed by injecting 100 muCi 111In antimyosin monoclonal antibody 2-15 days after transplantation. An increase in the ratio of percent dose of antimyosin injected per gram (% dose/g) of the grafted heart (G) to that of the autologous heart (A) (G/A) as well as the increasing percent dose per gram of antimyosin in the grafts reflected the severity of histopathological rejection regardless of the presence or absence of cyclosporine. Scintigraphic images demonstrated unequivocally intense accumulation of 111In in rejected allografts as confirmed by histologically demonstrable myocyte necrosis. The G/A ratio in allografted mice with mildly deteriorated mechanical activity (4.2 +/- 1.0, mean +/- SD) was greater than that in mice with normal contractility (1.8 +/- 0.7) (p less than 0.001), and the necrosis correlated with this modest decline in mechanical function could be scintigraphically identified. Of mice with normally contracting allografts, the G/A ratio was greater in animals with demonstrated myocyte necrosis (2.6 +/- 0.5) than in those without necrosis (1.5 +/- 0.5) (p less than 0.001). In contrast, isografted mice or a subset of allografted mice treated with cyclosporine and not showing evidence of rejection did not manifest any significant change in G/A ratio, nor did they have scintigrams positive for rejection as late as 15 days after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that antimyosin scintigraphy is a sensitive and early indicator of cardiac transplant rejection and that it could be useful as a noninvasive method for assessing the efficacy of cyclosporine treatment.
Use of a cell-free system to determine UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and N-acetylmannosamine kinase activities in human hereditary inclusion body myopathy (2005)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder associated with mutations in uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerase (GNE)/N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) kinase (MNK), the bifunctional and rate-limiting enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. We developed individual GNE and MNK enzymatic assays and determined reduced activities in cultured fibroblasts of patients, with HIBM harboring missense mutations in either or both the GNE and MNK enzymatic domains. To assess the effects of individual mutations on enzyme activity, normal and mutated GNE/MNK enzymatic domains were synthesized in a cell-free in vitro transcription-translation system and subjected to the GNE and MNK enzymatic assays. This cell-free system was validated for both GNE and MNK activities, and it revealed that mutations in one enzymatic domain (in GNE, G135V, V216A, and R246W; in MNK, A631V, M712T) affected not only that domain's enzyme activity, but also the activity of the other domain. Moreover, studies of the residual enzyme activity associated with specific mutations revealed a discrepancy between the fibroblasts and the cell-free systems. Fibroblasts exhibited higher residual activities of both GNE and MNK than the cell-free system. These findings add complexity to the tightly regulated system of sialic acid biosynthesis. This cell-free approach can be applied to other glycosylation pathway enzymes that are difficult to evaluate in whole cells because their substrate specificities overlap with those of ancillary enzymes.
List processing in real time on a serial computer (1978)

A real-time list processing system is one in which the time required by the elementary list operations (e.g. CONS, CAR, CDR, RPLACA, RPLACD, EQ, and ATOM in LISP) is bounded by a (small) constant. Classical implementations of list processing systems lack this property because allocating a list cell from the heap may cause a garbage collection, which process requires time proportional to the heap size to finish. A real-time list processing system is presented which continuously reclaims garbage, including directed cycles, while linearizing and compacting the accessible cells into contiguous locations to avoid fragmenting the free storage pool. The program is small and requires no time-sharing interrupts, making it suitable for microcode. Finally, the system requires the same average time, and not more than twice the space, of a classical implementation, and those space requirements can be reduced to approximately classical proportions by compact list representation. Arrays of different sizes, a program stack, and hash linking are simple extensions to our system, and reference counting is found to be inferior for many applications.
Ebolavirus Glycoprotein Structure and Mechanism of Entry (2009)

Ebolavirus (EBOV) is a highly virulent pathogen capable of causing a severe hemorrhagic fever with 50-90% lethality. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP) is the only virally expressed protein on the virion surface and is critical for attachment to host cells and catalysis of membrane fusion. Hence, the EBOV GP is a critical component of vaccines as well as a target of neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors of attachment and fusion. The crystal structure of the Zaire ebolavirus GP in its trimeric, prefusion conformation (3 GP(1) plus 3 GP(2)) in complex with a neutralizing antibody fragment, derived from a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit outbreak, was recently determined. This is the first near-complete structure of any filovirus glycoprotein. The overall molecular architecture of the Zaire ebolavirus GP and its role in viral entry and membrane fusion are discussed in this article.
Design, realization, and characterization of a ten-wavelength monolithic source for WDM applications integrating DBR lasers with a PHASAR (2000)

We present here the design, fabrication, and static as well as dynamic characteristics of a ten-wavelength, 200-GHz channel spacing emitter for wavelength-division multiplexing applications. The source is based on the monolithic integration on InP of a ten distributed Bragg reflector laser array with a square-shaped transmission response PHASAR. The specific design of the PHASAR is detailed. The continuous-wave operation-one channel at a time-demonstrates a high monomode stability with a rejection better than 32 dB for all channels and all injected currents; the 200-GHz channel spacing can be reached with an accuracy better than 25 GHz. High-speed characteristics demonstrate a 6.5-GHz direct modulation bandwidth at -3 dB for a 70-mA current in the 900-/spl mu/m-long active section. The chirp measured for a 2.5-Gb/s modulation with a 10-dB extinction ratio is less than 1.5 /spl Aring/ for every wavelength.
Porcine circovirus diseases (2005)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a member of the family Circoviridae, a recently established virus family composed of small, non-enveloped viruses, with a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. PCV2, which is found all over the world in the domestic pig and probably the wild boar, has been recently associated with a number of disease syndromes, which have been collectively named porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive disorders are the most relevant ones. Among them, only PMWS is considered to have a severe impact on domestic swine production. PMWS mainly affects nursery and/or fattening pigs; wasting is considered the most representative clinical sign in this disease. Diagnosis of this disease is confirmed by histopathological examination of lymphoid tissues and detection of a moderate to high amount of PCV2 in damaged tissues. Since PMWS is considered a multifactorial disease in which other factors in addition to PCV2 are needed in most cases to trigger the clinical disease, effective control measures have focused on the understanding of the co-factors involved in individual farms and the control or elimination of these triggers. PDNS, an immuno-complex disease characterized by fibrino-necrotizing glomerulonephritis and systemic necrotizing vasculitis, has been linked to PCV2, but a definitive proof of this association is still lacking. PCV2-associated reproductive disease seems to occur very sporadically under field conditions, but it has been characterized by late-term abortions and stillbirths, extensive fibrosing and/or necrotizing myocarditis in fetuses and the presence of moderate to high amounts of PCV2 in these lesions. Taking into account that scientific information on PCV2 and its associated diseases has been markedly expanded in the last 8 years, the objective of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the most relevant aspects of PCV2 biology and PCVD.
Explore, Exploit or Listen: Combining Human Feedback and Policy Model to Speed up Deep Reinforcement Learning in 3D Worlds (2017)

We describe a method to use discrete human feedback to enhance the performance of deep learning agents in virtual three-dimensional environments by extending deep-reinforcement learning to model the confidence and consistency of human feedback. This enables deep reinforcement learning algorithms to determine the most appropriate time to listen to the human feedback, exploit the current policy model, or explore the agent's environment. Managing the trade-off between these three strategies allows DRL agents to be robust to inconsistent or intermittent human feedback. Through experimentation using a synthetic oracle, we show that our technique improves the training speed and overall performance of deep reinforcement learning in navigating three-dimensional environments using Minecraft. We further show that our technique is robust to highly innacurate human feedback and can also operate when no human feedback is given.
Managed care--evolution or revolution? (1996)

What are the key influences on today's highly competitive health care market? Are they relevant to medical devices and will they affect device manufacturers? This article attempts to answer these key questions and suggests that Managed Care will become the single most important issue in the next five years.
Iκb Kinase α Is Essential for Mature B Cell Development and Function (2001)

IkappaB kinase (IKK) alpha and beta phosphorylate IkappaB proteins and activate the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Although both are highly homologous kinases, gene targeting experiments revealed their differential roles in vivo. IKKalpha is involved in skin and limb morphogenesis, whereas IKKbeta is essential for cytokine signaling. To elucidate in vivo roles of IKKalpha in hematopoietic cells, we have generated bone marrow chimeras by transferring control and IKKalpha-deficient fetal liver cells. The mature B cell population was decreased in IKKalpha(-/-) chimeras. IKKalpha(-/-) chimeras also exhibited a decrease of serum immunoglobulin basal level and impaired antigen-specific immune responses. Histologically, they also manifested marked disruption of germinal center formation and splenic microarchitectures that depend on mature B cells. IKKalpha(-/-) B cells not only showed impairment of survival and mitogenic responses in vitro, accompanied by decreased, although inducible, NF-kappaB activity, but also increased turnover rate in vivo. In addition, transgene expression of bcl-2 could only partially rescue impaired B cell development in IKKalpha(-/-) chimeras. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IKKalpha is critically involved in the prevention of cell death and functional development of mature B cells.
Harvesting All Electrogenerated Excitons through Metal Assisted Delayed Fluorescent Materials (2015)

Highly efficient and stable palladium complexes that exhibit both phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence are developed. It is demonstrated that the emission from the two processes can be separately tuned through rational ligand modification. External quantum efficiencies over 20% are achieved and stable devices demonstrate an operational lifetime to 90% initial luminance estimated at over 20 000 h at 100 cd m(-2) .
A randomized controlled trial with an anti‐CCL2 (anti–monocyte chemotactic protein 1) monoclonal antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

ABN912 treatment did not result in clinical or immunohistologic improvement and may have been associated with worsening of RA in patients treated with the highest dose. The results might be related to the greatly increased level of total CCL2/MCP-1 in serum that was observed following treatment with ABN912. This observation may be relevant for a variety of antibody-based therapies.
A constructive algorithm for training cooperative neural network ensembles (2003)

Presents a constructive algorithm for training cooperative neural-network ensembles (CNNEs). CNNE combines ensemble architecture design with cooperative training for individual neural networks (NNs) in ensembles. Unlike most previous studies on training ensembles, CNNE puts emphasis on both accuracy and diversity among individual NNs in an ensemble. In order to maintain accuracy among individual NNs, the number of hidden nodes in individual NNs are also determined by a constructive approach. Incremental training based on negative correlation is used in CNNE to train individual NNs for different numbers of training epochs. The use of negative correlation learning and different training epochs for training individual NNs reflect CNNEs emphasis on diversity among individual NNs in an ensemble. CNNE has been tested extensively on a number of benchmark problems in machine learning and neural networks, including Australian credit card assessment, breast cancer, diabetes, glass, heart disease, letter recognition, soybean, and Mackey-Glass time series prediction problems. The experimental results show that CNNE can produce NN ensembles with good generalization ability.
Expression of photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation channel α subunit (CNGCα) in the liver and skeletal muscle (1996)

Glucagon and beta-adrenergic agents increase cAMP levels and stimulate Ca2+ influx in liver cells. There is no consensus as to the mechanism by which these hormones stimulate the influx of Ca2+. Using mouse retinal rod CNGCalpha cDNA probes, we cloned rat liver and skeletal muscle, and human hepatic CNGCalpha subunit sequences showing 97-100% identity with the human rod channel. In order to assess channel activity, the effect of cyclic nucleotides on free intracellular Ca2+ levels of isolated hepatocytes was measured. Dibutyryl-cAMP was more effective in increasing free Ca2+ levels than dibutyryl-cGMP. These data indicate that the CNGCalpha subunit is expressed in both the liver and skeletal muscle possibly mediating hormonal effects on ion fluxes.
Identification ofDekkera bruxellensis(Brettanomyces) from Wine by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes (2001)

ABSTRACT A new fluorescence in situ hybridization method using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for identification of Brettanomyces is described. The test is based on fluorescein-labeled PNA probes targeting a species-specific sequence of the rRNA of Dekkera bruxellensis . The PNA probes were applied to smears of colonies, and results were interpreted by fluorescence microscopy. The results obtained from testing 127 different yeast strains, including 78 Brettanomyces isolates from wine, show that the spoilage organism Brettanomyces belongs to the species D. bruxellensis and that the new method is able to identify Brettanomyces ( D. bruxellensis ) with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Loop Optimization for Tensor Network Renormalization (2017)

We introduce a tensor renormalization group scheme for coarse graining a two-dimensional tensor network that can be successfully applied to both classical and quantum systems on and off criticality. The key innovation in our scheme is to deform a 2D tensor network into small loops and then optimize the tensors on each loop. In this way, we remove short-range entanglement at each iteration step and significantly improve the accuracy and stability of the renormalization flow. We demonstrate our algorithm in the classical Ising model and a frustrated 2D quantum model.
Abstract W P191: Patient Compliance High with Long-Term Continuous ECG Monitor (2015)

Introduction: Long term ECG monitoring to detect atrial fibrillation in a cryptogenic stroke is now the emerging standard of care. The advent of patch based ECG monitors raises the question of patient compliance with this new modality. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that patient compliance, as measured by Leads-On detection for patch based ECG monitoring, is constant over time. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis from ZIO® Patch (Patch) devices (iRhythm, San Francisco, CA). The Patch is a continuous recording single lead ECG monitor that can be worn for up to 14 days. The primary endpoint of Leads-On is the percentage of time the device is applied to the patient during the wear period, which was derived from a second channel in the device. The data are gathered by ZEUS software and exported in a CSV file. The compliance data were analyzed overall and in categories at days: 0-1, 1-2, 2 to 7, &gt;7 to 10 and &gt;10 to 14. A secondary endpoint, percent Analyzable Time (percentage of ECG record that was available for detection by the algorithm during the wear period and signifies signal quality), was assessed for the same time increments. Results: The dataset consisted of 18,885 records. The total wear time ranged from 0.10 up to 14.01 days, with a median of 12.51. The medians and interquartile ranges for the percent Leads On and percent of Analyzable Time were 100% (99.99-100%) and 97.99% (94.64-99.26%). In Table 1, the interquartile ranges for percent Leads On and Analyzable Time was wider when the Patch was worn less than a day, but remains above 74%. Total wear time in days n Percent Leads On Percent Analyzable Time Median Interquartile Range Median Interquartile Range 0.10-&lt;1 105 99.65 86.52-100 92.86 74.19-96.97 1-&lt;2 407 100 99.88-100 97.37 90.96-99.02 2-&lt;7 4124 100 100-100 97.96 94.3-99.26 7-&lt;10 2963 100 99.98-100 97.79 94.33-99.19 10+ 11286 100 100-100 98.07 95.00-99.29 Conclusion: Patient compliance with long term ECG patch monitors is high as measured by Leads-On detection. High patient compliance results in a large volume of quality ECG. Further study is needed to compare patient compliance with ECG patch based monitors with other monitoring modalities, particularly in the cryptogenic stroke population.
In vitro bone biocompatibility of poly(anhydride‐co‐imides) containing pyromellitylimidoalanine (1996)

Poly(anhydride-co-imides) are currently under study for applications involving bone. The cytotoxicity of a series of poly(anhydride-co-imides) with osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated. The imide component of the copolymers was based on pyromellitylimidoalanine and the anhydride component was based on either sebacic acid or 1,6-bis(carboxyphenoxy)hexane. Cell adhesion and proliferation on the surfaces of the polymer discs were observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. During the first 24 hours of attachment, the cells showed normal morphology when cultured on copolymers containing 1,6-bis(carboxyphenoxy)hexane. The cells did not adhere to the polymers containing sebacic acid, probably due to the rapid degradation of the polymer surfaces. Concurrently, the effects of polymer breakdown products on osteoblast-like cells were evaluated by studying their proliferation (cell numbers), viability (dye exclusion), morphology (light microscopy), and phenotypic expression. The morphology of osteoblast-like cells cultured in the presence of the polymer breakdown products pyromellitylimidoalanine and pyromellitic acid was found to be similar to that of the same cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene and consisted of a characteristic polygonal shape. With use of a monoclonal antibody to osteocalcin, these cells were shown to demonstrate preserved osteoblast phenotype with growth over a 21-day period. In addition, the cells reached confluency after 3-4 days, similar to cells grown on tissue culture polystyrene. This in vitro evaluation showed that the poly(anhydride-co-imides) evaluated are non-cytotoxic and may be viable biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.
Enhancing documents with embedded programs: how Ness extends insets in the Andrew ToolKit (2002)

The problems of embedding programs in documents are sketched and the solutions adopted in the Ness component of the Andrew ToolKit are reviewed. A key question is the connection from user actions to program functions. Other questions include the appropriate level of programming language, its string-processing capabilities, and security.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Streptococcus rattusstrain BHT produces both a class I two-component lantibiotic and a class II bacteriocin (2005)

Streptococcus rattus strain BHT is a species representative and strong bacteriocin producer. Here we report that S. rattus BHT produces two quite different types of bacteriocin activity, named BHT-A and BHT-B. The two bacteriocins were purified and analysed for activity and by MALDI-TOF mass spectrophotometry. BHT-A was found to be a variant of the two-component lantibiotic, Smb. BHT-B is a non-modified 5195Da peptide with some similarity to the tryptophan-rich Staphylococcus aureus bacteriocin, aureocin A53. Six S. rattus and two S. mutans strains were found to contain both the BHT-A and BHT-B genetic loci.
Targeting Hyperthermia for Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Human MN Antigenspecific Magnetoliposomes (2001)

Magnetoliposomes (MLs) conjugated with an antibody fragment to give specificity to a tumor were applied to hyperthermia for cancer. The Fab' fragment of the G250 antibody, which binds to MN antigen on many types of human renal cell carcinoma, was cross-linked to N-(6-maleimidocaproyloxy)-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (EMC-DPPE) in liposomal membrane. The targetability of the G250-Fab' fragment-conjugating MLs (G250-FMLs) was investigated using the mouse renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and MN antigen-presenting cell, MN-mRCC. The amount of G250-FMLs uptake reached 67 pg / cell against MN-mRCC cells in an in vitro experiment using plastic dishes and this value was about 6 times higher than that in the case of MLs. In an in vivo experiment using MN-mRCC-harboring mice, 1.5 mg of the FMLs per carcinoma tissue accumulated (tumor weight was 0.19 g), which corresponded to approximately 50% of the total injection. This value was 27 times higher than that of the MLs. After injection of the FMLs, mice were exposed to intracellular hyperthermia using alternating magnetic field irradiation. The temperature of tumor tissue increased to 43 degrees C and the growth of the carcinoma was strongly arrested for at least 2 weeks. These results indicate the G250-FMLs could target renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and are efficiently applicable to the hyperthermic treatment of carcinoma.