gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FeRAM circuit technology for system on a chip (2003)

The ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) has a great advantage for system on a chip, since FeRAM not only supports non-volatility but also delivers a fast memory access similar to that of DRAM. To enhance the applicability of FeRAM for embedded reconfigurable hardware, three circuit technologies are discussed in this paper. Simulation and measurement data confirmed that both power consumption and memory area can be substantially reduced, making FeRAM the most promising new technology for implementing high-performance, low-power reconfigurable hardware.
Diabetic Retinopathy (2003)

The risk of blindness from diabetic retinopathy, the most severe ocular complication of diabetes, has greatly diminished, owing to advances in management. This review discusses the spectrum of clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy, with particular attention to new aspects of management. Since diabetes is common, diabetic retinopathy remains an important medical problem for affected patients and those caring for them.
Cooperative Maneuver Planning for Cooperative Driving (2016)

The worthwhile goal of reducing fatalities in road systems inspires people ever since the appearance of the first vehicles. Policy makers, researchers, developers, and others have adopted various measures with a positive effect on the number of fatalities. In Germany, the number dropped from a peak of 21,095 in 1970, to 3,339 in 2013. Measures include new laws and restrictions by policy makers such as reducing speed limits, penalizing drunken drivers, and enhancing education by driving schools. Researchers and developers mainly focus on technical safety and assistance systems. These systems include the anti-lock braking system (ABS), the electronic stabilization control (ESC), the emergency brake system, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and the lane-keeping control.
Spectrally encoded miniature endoscopy (2002)

A method for performing miniature endoscopy with a high number of resolvable points is presented. This approach, spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE), uses a broad-bandwidth light source and a diffraction grating to simultaneously detected the reflectivity at multiple points along a transverse line within the sample. As opposed to images from miniature optical fiber bundle endoscopes, the number of resolvable points in SEE images is dependent on the spectral width and the groove density of the diffraction grating. We acquired images of a human finger in vivo, using a 550-mu;m -diameter SEE system to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique.
Objectively evaluating entertainment technology (2004)

Emerging technologies offer new ways of using entertainment technology to foster interactions between players and connect people. Evaluating entertainment technology is challenging because success isn't defined in terms of productivity and performance, but in terms of enjoyment and interaction. Current subjective methods of evaluating entertainment technology aren't robust. This research uses previous literature and empirical results to create a methodology for objective evaluation of entertainment technology. By gathering physiological data in the context of game play, we intend to correlate physiological responses with subjective reports and with game events. This framework would be a powerful tool used by designers, developers, and researchers to inform their design and evaluate their decisions.
Genetic localization of a new locus for recessive familial spastic paraparesis to 15q13-15 (1999)

Our data suggest a new locus for recessive FSP linked to chromosome 15q, and that this may be the most common one.
Aeroacoustic Performance of an Airfoil with Circulation Control (2010)

Aerodynamic noise originating from slotted slats represents the major component of high-lift related airframe noise. Therefore slatless high-lift systems are considered effective means to reduce airframe noise. The major challenge within the design of such systems is to compensate the deficit in maximum lift performance for slatless wings, and the possibility to remove the gap between main airfoil and Fowler flap. One way to achieve the required high-lift capabilities is active flow control, like e.g. wing trailing edge blowing. Such a circulation control technology was investigated in the EU cofinanced research project TimpAN (Technology to improve Airframe Noise). Both numerically and experimentally obtained results showed the expected good aerodynamic performance. High lift coefficients could be achieved with a limited fraction of the cold engine flow used for blowing. In this paper the results from noise measurements on a wing-flap configuration using circulation control to generate high lift are documented. Noise tests were performed in the open test section of the Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig for predefined operational conditions. A comparison of noise data for the 3-element DLR F16 high-lift model of the same profile geometry and for the same lift performance shows that a noise reduction in the order of 3dB to 6dB is achieved for the 2-element high-lift wing with flow control in the frequency range between 2kHz and 20kHz (at model scale), while a noise increase is observed to occur at low frequencies. The latter, however, might be due to excess installation noise originating from the current test set-up.
Ethical Aspects of Placebo in Migraine Research (2003)

Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials have been the 'golden standard' during the last decades in the development of new drug therapies. This scientifically valid approach has recently been questioned in the fifth revised version of the Declaration of Helsinki, which states that the use of placebo-controlled clinical trials is only acceptable when no proven treatment exists for the studied disease. The World Medical Association further claims that no national ethical, legal or regulatory requirements should be allowed to reduce or eliminate any of the statements in the declaration. In spite of this, the document is not generally accepted as the world ethical standard, as demonstrated by its lack of adoption by many professional associations. In the evaluation process for a drug to be approved in many countries today, clinical investigators at the hospitals and researchers at the pharmaceutical companies are obliged to use study protocols that would be rejected if the new declaration were to be fully adopted. Adherence to the clinical trial guidelines of the International Headache Society could also mean violation of the new Helsinki declaration of ethics. Some ethics committees have already adopted the new declaration, which has caused concern among clinical investigators, who find this document to be vastly out of the line with common practice. At the moment, the situation is unclear and debated with increasing polarity concerning the scientific and ethical issues regarding the use of placebo in clinical trials.
Facilitation of Infection of Monkey Cells with Poliovirus "Ribonucleic Acid" (1961)

The plaque titer of poliovirus "ribonucleic acid" on monkey kidney cells cultured in vitro is greatly increased by depleting these cells of calcium and treating the "ribonucleic acid" inoculum with a suspension of any one of several poorly water-soluble substances before inoculation. These undissolved substances apparently facilitate infection by serving as solid vehicles for the "ribonucleic acid."
Device grade microcrystalline silicon owing to reduced oxygen contamination (1996)

As-deposited undoped microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) has in general a pronounced n-type behavior. Such a material is therefore often not appropriate for use in devices, such as p-i-n diodes, as an active, absorbing i layer or as channel material for thin-film transistors. In recent work, on p-i-n solar cells, this disturbing n-type character had been successfully compensated by the ‘‘microdoping’’ technique. In the present letter, it is shown that this n-type behavior is mainly linked to oxygen impurities; therefore, one can replace the technologically delicate microdoping technique by a purification method, that is much easier to handle. This results in a reduction of oxygen impurities by two orders of magnitude; it has, furthermore a pronounced impact on the electrical properties of μc-Si:H films and on device performance, as well. Additionally, these results prove that the unwanted donor-like states within μc-Si:H are mainly due to extrinsic impurities and not to structural native defects.
Realistic Digital Models for Cyber Shopping Mall (2001)

Consumers generally make decisions on purchasing a product after closely examining the product and even checking its functions by operating it if possible. But most of the actual cyber shopping malls that are in business at the present only provide pictures and simple descriptions of the products in the form of a catalogue. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of a cyber shopping mall with more realistic digital models using virtual prototype models. The virtual prototype is a digital model with simulation functions and has the same physical characteristics and functions of the real product. When a virtual prototype is displayed for each product on the cyber shopping mall, consumers can try out the products they are interested in themselves to see how convenient they are and how well the functions work. In this paper, we propose a new prototype shopping mall of the VP model, which enables the consumers to try out the functions of products and provides the consumers with full product information.
The CHERI capability model: Revisiting RISC in an age of risk (2014)

Motivated by contemporary security challenges, we reevaluate and refine capability-based addressing for the RISC era. We present CHERI, a hybrid capability model that extends the 64-bit MIPS ISA with byte-granularity memory protection. We demonstrate that CHERI enables language memory model enforcement and fault isolation in hardware rather than software, and that the CHERI mechanisms are easily adopted by existing programs for efficient in-program memory safety. In contrast to past capability models, CHERI complements, rather than replaces, the ubiquitous page-based protection mechanism, providing a migration path towards deconflating data-structure protection and OS memory management. Furthermore. CHERI adheres to a strict RISC philosophy: it maintains a load-store architecture and requires only single-cycle instructions, and supplies protection primitives to the compiler, language runtime, and operating system. We demonstrate a mature FPGA implementation that runs the FreeBSD operating system with a full range of software and an open-source application suite compiled with an extended LLVM to use CHERI memory protection. A limit study compares published memory safety mechanisms in terms of instruction count and memory overheads. The study illustrates that CHERI is performance-competitive even while providing assurance and greater flexibility with simpler hardware.
Novel in Vitro Model for Keratoconus Disease (2012)

Keratoconus is a disease where the cornea becomes cone-like due to structural thinning and ultimately leads to compromised corneal integrity and loss of vision. Currently, the therapeutic options are corrective lenses for early stages and surgery for advanced cases with no <i>in vitro</i> model available. In this study, we used human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) and compared them to human Keratoconus fibroblasts (HKCs) cultured in a 3-dimensional (3D) model, in order to compare the expression and secretion of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components. For four weeks, the cells were stimulated with a stable Vitamin C (VitC) derivative ± TGF-β1 or TGF-β3 (T1 and T3, respectively). After four weeks, HKCs stimulated with T1 and T3 were significantly thicker compared with Control (VitC only); however, HCF constructs were significantly thicker than HKCs under all conditions. Both cell types secreted copious amounts of type I and V collagens in their assembled, aligned collagen fibrils, which increased in the degree of alignment upon T3 stimulation. In contrast, only HKCs expressed high levels of corneal scarring markers, such as type III collagen, which was dramatically reduced with T3. HKCs expressed α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) under all conditions in contrast to HCFs, where T3 minimized SMA expression. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) data indicated that HKCs were more aligned when compared to HCFs, independent of treatments; however, HKC's ECM showed the least degree of rotation. HKCs also secreted the most aligned type I collagen under T3 treatment, when compared to any condition and cell type. Overall, our model for Keratoconus disease studies is the first 3D <i>in vitro</i> tissue engineered model that can mimic the Keratoconus disease <i>in vivo</i> and may be a breakthrough in efforts to understand the progression of this disease.
Isatin: Identity with the Purified Endogenous Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Tribulin (1988)

Purified tribulin, an endogenous monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, has been identified by direct probe insertion mass spectrometry as the indole-2,3-dione, isatin. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for isatin has been developed and used to measure its relatively high concentrations in unpurified human urine, and in rat heart and brain. Isatin is a known compound with a broad range of biological activity; this is the first report of its presence in the animal body. Isatin is a potent inhibitor of MAO, particularly of MAO B (IC50, 3 microM), and also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 microM).
Electrochemical reduction of vicinal dinitro compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of vicinal dinitro compoundsWalter J. Bowyer and Dennis H. EvansCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22, 5234–5239Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00257a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00257a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical properties and defect states in undoped high-resistivity GaN films used in high-power rectifiers (2000)

The electrical properties and spectra of deep centers in high-resistivity undoped GaN samples used to fabricate high-power Schottky diode rectifiers with breakdown voltages exceeding 2000 V are reported. It is shown that the Fermi level in such material is pinned by defects with energy levels close to Ec−0.6 eV. Thermally stimulated current measurements revealed the presence of unidentified traps with activation energies of 0.3 and 0.7 eV. The important role of hole traps with energy levels Ev+0.3 eV and Ev+0.9 eV was confirmed by measurements of temperature quenching of photocurrent and by photoinduced transient current spectroscopy measurements. Prominent persistent photoconductivity was observed even for temperatures above 300 K. Imaging of the sample using microcathodoluminescence showed the existence of cellular nonuniformities with characteristic dimensions of the cells of about 3 μm.
Neurological progress. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: a review. (1989)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is a common cause of neurodegenerative disease in children. The disease is characterized by visual failure, seizures and dementia. The presence of cortical atrophy by computerized axial tomography and distinctive ultrastructural findings by skin biopsy, together with a suggestive clinical course and neurophysiologic abnormalities, lead to a diagnosis. Presently four subtypes and rare atypical forms are recognized: the infantile, late infantile, juvenile and adult or Kufs variants and atypical early juvenile and protracted juvenile types. The inheritance pattern is autosomal recessive in all subtypes with some of the adult cases representing autosomal dominant inheritance. The biochemical characterization of this disorder is just beginning. There is some evidence to implicate overglycosylation of proteins as playing a role in pathogenesis. Further biochemical description coupled with linkage analysis techniques using DNA probes are needed to develop a better understanding of this group of disorders.
Hot carrier reliability of N-LDMOS transistor arrays for power BiCMOS applications (2003)

This paper evaluates the hot carrier performance of n-channel lateral DMOS (N-LDMOS) transistors. The N-LDMOS has been the common choice for the driver transistor in high voltage (20-30 V) smart power applications. These high drain voltages potentially make N-LDMOS hot carrier degradation an important reliability concern. This paper focuses on the hot carrier test methodology and geometry effects in N-LDMOS transistor arrays. This paper differs from previous work in that it describes for the first time the HC performance of N-LDMOS transistor arrays rather than discrete devices and discusses an N-LDMOS failure mode not yet addressed in the literature.
Concatenated Quantum Codes (1996)

One of the main problems for the future of practical quantum computing is to stabilize the computation against unwanted interactions with the environment and imperfections in the applied operations. Existing proposals for quantum memories and quantum channels require gates with asymptotically zero error to store or transmit an input quantum state for arbitrarily long times or distances with fixed error. In this report a method is given which has the property that to store or transmit a qubit with maximum error $ε$ requires gates with error at most $cε$ and storage or channel elements with error at most $ε$, independent of how long we wish to store the state or how far we wish to transmit it. The method relies on using concatenated quantum codes with hierarchically implemented recovery operations. The overhead of the method is polynomial in the time of storage or the distance of the transmission. Rigorous and heuristic lower bounds for the constant $c$ are given.
Identification of two cell cycle regulated genes affecting the β1,3‐glucan content of cell walls in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

The Calcofluor white-hypersensitive mutants cwh52 and cwh53 are severely reduced in beta 1,3-glucan. CWH52 was equivalent to GAS1. CWH53 represented a new gene, located on the right arm of chromosome XII, and predicted to encode a 215 kDa protein with multiple transmembrane domains. The transcription of CWH53 was cell cycle-dependent and, similar to GAS1/CWH52, increased in late G1, indicating that the formation of beta-glucan is cell cycle-regulated. Further, in some mutant alleles of both gas1/cwh52 and cwh53 lethal concentrations of Calcofluor induced growth arrest at a specific phase of the cell cycle.
Control Mechanisms in the Synthesis of Saturated Fatty Acids (1977)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Detection and enumeration of bacteria in soil by direct DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (1992)

In order to develop a rapid and specific detection test for bacteria in soil, we improved a method based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each step of the protocol, including direct lysis of cells, DNA purification, and PCR amplification, was optimized. To increase the efficiency of lysis, a step particularly critical for some microorganisms which resist classical techniques, we used small soil samples (100 mg) and various lytic treatments, including sonication, microwave heating, and thermal shocks. Purification of nucleic acids was achieved by passage through up to three Elutip d columns. Finally, PCR amplifications were optimized via biphasic protocols using booster conditions, lower denaturation temperatures, and addition of formamide. Two microorganisms were used as models: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is naturally absent from the soil used and was inoculated to calibrate the validity of the protocol, and Frankia spp., an actinomycete indigenous to the soil used. Specific primers were characterized either in the plasmid-borne vir genes for A. tumefaciens or in the variable regions of the 16S ribosomal gene for Frankia spp. Specific detection of the inoculated A. tumefaciens strain was routinely obtained when inocula ranged from 10(7) to 10(3) cells. Moreover, the strong correlation we observed between the size of the inocula and the results of the PCR reactions permitted assessment of the validity of the protocol in enumerating the number of microbial cells present in a soil sample. This allowed us to estimate the indigenous population of Frankia spp. at 0.2 x 10(5) genomes (i.e., amplifiable target sequences) per g of soil.
Targeting Phosphatidylserine in Anti-Cancer Therapy (2009)

Targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents limits the severe toxic side-effects of anti-cancer drugs on healthy tissues. Annexin A5 is a well explored probe to target phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing cells in vivo. Our novel understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of annexin A5 as a cell-entry agent and the finding that PS is expressed on living tumour as well as endothelial cells in the tumour vasculature, will allow the development of lead compounds for anticancer therapy.
Proteomic Profiling of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma (2012)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. We performed shotgun liquid chromatography (LC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis on pooled protein extracts from patients with PTC and compared the results with those from normal thyroid tissue validated by real-time (RT) PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We detected 524 types of protein in PTC and 432 in normal thyroid gland. Among these proteins, 145 were specific to PTC and 53 were specific to normal thyroid gland. We have also identified two important new markers, nephronectin (NPNT) and malectin (MLEC). Reproducibility was confirmed with several known markers, but the one of two new candidate markers such as MLEC did not show large variations in expression levels. Furthermore, IHC confirmed the overexpression of both those markers in PTCs compared with normal surrounding tissues. Our protein data suggest that NPNT and MLEC could be a characteristic marker for PTC.