gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsystem technologies for implantable applications (2007)

Microsystem technologies (MST) have become the basis of a large industry. The advantages of MST compared to other technologies provide opportunities for application in implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents a general and broad literature review of MST for implantable applications focused on the technical domain. A classification scheme is introduced to order the examples, basic technological building blocks relevant for implantable applications are described and finally a case study on the role of microsystems for one clinical condition is presented. We observe that the microfabricated parts span a wide range for implantable applications in various clinical areas. There are 94 active and 67 commercial 'end items' out of a total of 142. End item refers to the total concept, of which the microsystem may only be a part. From the 105 active end items 18 (13% of total number of end items) are classified as products. From these 18 products, there are only two for chronic use. The number of active end items in clinical, animal and proto phase for chronic use is 17, 13 and 20, respectively. The average year of first publication of chronic end items that are still in the animal or clinical phase is 1994 (n â¤ 7) and 1993 (n â¤ 11), respectively. The major technology-market combinations are sensors for cardiovascular, drug delivery for drug delivery and electrodes for neurology and ophthalmology. Together these form 51% of all end items. Pressure sensors form the majority of sensors and there is just one product (considered to be an implantable microsystem) in the neurological area. Micro-machined ceramic packages, glass sealed packages and polymer encapsulations are used. Glass to metal seals are used for feedthroughs. Interconnection techniques such as flip chip, wirebonding or conductive epoxy as used in the semiconductor packaging and assembly industry are also used for manufacturing of implantable devices. Coatings are polymers or metal. As an alternative to implantable primary batteries, rechargeable batteries were introduced or concepts in which energy is provided from the outside based on inductive coupling. Long-term developments aiming at autonomous power are, for example, based on electrostatic conversion of mechanical vibrations. Communication with the implantable device is usually done using an inductive link. A large range of materials commonly used in microfabrication are also used for implantable microsystems. Â© 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A Survey of Context-Aware Mobile Computing Research (2000)

Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm in which applications can discover and take advantage of contextual information (such as user location, time of day, nearby people and devices, and user activity). Since it was proposed about a decade ago, many researchers have studied this topic and built several context-aware applications to demonstrate the usefulness of this new technology. Context-aware applications (or the system infrastructure to support them), however, have never been widely available to everyday users. In this survey of research on context-aware systems and applications, we looked in depth at the types of context used and models of context information, at systems that support collecting and disseminating context, and at applications that adapt to the changing context. Through this survey, it is clear that context-aware research is an old but rich area for research. The difficulties and possible solutions we outline serve as guidance for researchers hoping to make context-aware computing a reality. 1.
Recent Advances in Flow Cytometry: Application to the Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancy (1997)

blasts is more easily recognized on a CD45 versus
Inhibitory Properties of a Novel Human Kunitz-Type Protease Inhibitor Homologous to Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (1996)

In a previous report, we described the molecular cloning, expression, and partial characterization of a second human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which we designated as TFPI-2 [Sprecher, C. A., et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3353-3357]. Recombinant TFPI-2 inhibited the amidolytic activity of trypsin as well as that of factor VIIa in complex with tissue factor. TFPI-2 recently has been shown to be identical to placental protein 5 (PP5), a glycoprotein originally isolated from placenta that exhibits serine protease inhibitory activity. In the present study, we have examined TFPI-2/PP5 for its ability to inhibit a number of serine proteases involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, inasmuch as TFPI-2/PP5 prolonged the coagulation time of human plasma induced by either tissue factor or contact activation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to its ability to inhibit the amidolytic and proteolytic activities of the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex, TFPI-2/PP5 strongly inhibited the amidolytic activities of human factor XIa, human plasma kallikrein, and human plasmin with Ki values of 15, 25, and 3 nM, respectively. TFPI-2/PP5 was also a weak inhibitor of the activation of factor X by a complex of human factor IXa and poly(lysine) with an apparent Ki of 410 nM. Heparin markedly enhanced the ability of TFPI-2/PP5 to inhibit factor VIIa-tissue factor both in the solution phase and on cell surfaces. In addition, heparin augmented the inhibition of human factor Xa amidolytic activity at relatively high levels (10-100 nM) of TFPI-2/PP5. No significant inhibition of glandular kallikrein, urinary plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator, human activated protein C, human factor Xa, human thrombin, or leukocyte elastase was observed when these proteases were incubated with TFPI-2 in the absence of heparin.
An Arabidopsis Homeodomain Transcription Factor, OVEREXPRESSOR OF CATIONIC PEROXIDASE 3, Mediates Resistance to Infection by Necrotrophic Pathogens (2005)

The mechanisms controlling plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens are poorly understood. We previously reported on Ep5C, a gene shown to be induced by the H(2)O(2) generated during a plant-pathogen interaction. To identify novel plant components operating in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, we initiated a large-scale screen using Arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of the H(2)O(2)-responsive Ep5C promoter. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a mutant, ocp3 (for overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3), in which the reporter construct is constitutively expressed. Healthy ocp3 plants show increased accumulation of H(2)O(2) and express constitutively the Glutathione S-transferase1 and Plant Defensine 1.2 marker genes, but not the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene. Strikingly, the ocp3 mutant shows enhanced resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Conversely, resistance to virulent forms of the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica and the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 remains unaffected in ocp3 plants when compared with wild-type plants. Consistently with this, ocp3 plants are not affected in SA perception and express normal levels of PR genes after pathogen attack. To analyze signal transduction pathways where ocp3 operates, epistasis analyses between ocp3 and pad4, nahG, npr1, ein2, jin1, or coi1 were performed. These studies revealed that the resistance signaling to necrotrophic infection in ocp3 is fully dependent on appropriate perception of jasmonic acid through COI1 and does not require SA or ethylene perception through NPR1 or EIN2, respectively. The OCP3 gene encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is constitutively expressed in healthy plants but repressed in response to infection by necrotrophic fungi. Together, these results suggest that OCP3 is an important factor for the COI1-dependent resistance of plants to infection by necrotrophic pathogens.
The udhA Gene of Escherichia coli Encodes a Soluble Pyridine Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (1999)

The udhA gene of Escherichia coli was cloned and expressed in E. coli and found to encode an enzyme with soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase activity. The N-terminal end of the enzyme contains the fingerprint motif of a dinucleotide binding domain, not present in published E. coli genome sequences due to a sequencing error. E. coli is hereby the first organism reported to possess both a soluble and a membrane-bound pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase.
Locked Nucleic Acid–Nanoparticle Conjugates (2007)

Designer nanoparticle conjugates. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides can be used to functionalize nanoparticles to yield a novel conjugate that is highly stable and has a remarkably high affinity for complementary nucleic acids. When tested in a cell line model, these conjugates were found to be effective at controlling survivin gene expression. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z700262_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High Throughput, Parallel, Scalable LDPC Encoder/Decoder Architecture for OFDM Systems (2006)

This paper presents a high throughput, parallel, scalable and irregular LDPC coding and decoding system hardware implementation that supports twelve combinations of block lengths 648, 1296, 1944 bits and code rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 based on IEEE 802.11n standard. Based on architecture-aware LDPC codes, we propose an efficient joint LDPC coding and decoding hardware architecture. The prototype architecture is being implemented on FPGA and tested over the air on our wireless OFDM testbed, which is a highly capable, scalable and extensible platform for advanced wireless research. The ASIC resource requirements of the decoder are reported and a trade-off between pipelined and non-pipelined implementation is described
Irinotecan Inactivation Is Modulated by Epigenetic Silencing ofUGT1A1in Colon Cancer (2006)

We conclude that DNA methylation represses UGT1A1 expression in colon cancer and that this process may contribute to the level of tumoral inactivation of the anticancer agent SN-38 and potentially influence clinical response.
Macrocyclic antifungal metabolites from the Spanish dancer nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus and sponges of the genus Halichondria (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic antifungal metabolites from the Spanish dancer nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus and sponges of the genus HalichondriaMichael R. Kernan, Tadeusz F. Molinski, and D. John FaulknerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 21, 5014–5020Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00256a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (874 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Facile Synthesis of 6-Chloro-d-tryptophan (1975)

Abstract A nonnutritive sweetener, 6-chloro-d-tryptophan (4), was synthesized from d-tryptophan (1) by nitration, hydrogenation and diazotization, followed by a reaction with cuprous chloride. The optical rotation of 4 agreed with that of an authentic sample which had been prepared by the resolution of racemic 4 methanesulfonate.
Mobile Mapping, Machine Learning and Digital Twin for Road Infrastructure Monitoring and Maintenance: Case Study of Mohammed VI Bridge in Morocco (2020)

The concepts of Digital Twin has been recently introduced, it refers to functional connections between a complex physical system and its high-fidelity digital replica. Digital Twin process workflow is proposed in case of Mohammed VI Bridge modeling in Morocco. The current maintenance of a road infrastructure is based on a manual inspection and a system based on traditional tools. Aging infrastructures require a new approach to maintenance in terms of inspection, bridge maintenance system, simulation and systematic evaluation. This system now exists and is called the Digital Twin. Digital Twin can be thought of as a virtual prototype in service that changes dynamically in near real time as its physical twin changes. An urban infrastructure digital twin is a virtual instance of his physical twin that is continuously updated with multisource, multisensor and multitemporal data that can be used for monitoring, simulating and forecasting any potential problem that may appear in the structure and proposing planning for repair and maintenance of health status throughout the life cycle of this infrastructure. This work presents a general vision and a justification for integrating DT technology with geospatial data. The paper examines the benefits of integrating 3D GIS data acquired by automated mobile mapping (MMS) workflows for modeling the reality of a major bridge infrastructure in Morocco. This allowed to study the future performance of this bridge structure on virtual twin structures under different environmental conditions. Cloud point data are acquired by a Mobile Mapping System on Mohammed VI Bridge and converted in BIM model by a scan to BIM process and is integrated in a GIS and BIM virtual environment and shows the efficiency of volumetric auscultation in terms of surface flatness and distortion inspection. This project provides a new bridge maintenance system using the concept of a Digital Twin. This digital model is a platform that allows to collect, organize and share the maintenance history of this important road infrastructure in Morocco.
Impedance cardiography using band and regional electrodes in supine, sitting, and during exercise (1991)

The electrical impedance and its first derivative (dZ/dt) were measured at 100 kHz on ten normal males in supine and sitting positions and during upright bicycle exercise in order to compare the contribution of regional electrodes to the standard band electrode signal and to evaluate the possible use of spot electrodes for stroke volume (SV) measurements. Simultaneous measurements were made from band electrodes placed around the neck and lower thorax and from spot electrodes which recorded signals from the neck, upper thorax, and lower thorax. The results showed that approximately equal parts of the dZ/dt waveform came front the neck and upper thorax with the lower thorax contribution small but providing important features of the band signal. Changing from supine to sitting showed percentage decreases of 35% and 46% for the band and neck signals, respectively, with an increase of 19% for the upper thorax signal. The percentage increases in SV with upright exercise were 34%, 52%, and 24% for the band, neck, and upper thorax signals, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Collaborative Power of Nrf2 and PPARγ Activators against Metabolic and Drug‐Induced Oxidative Injury (2017)

Mammalian cells have evolved a unique strategy to protect themselves against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Especially, two transcription factors, nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>γ</i> (PPAR<i>γ</i>), have been shown to play key roles in establishing this cellular antioxidative defense system. Recently, several researchers reported ameliorating effects of pharmacological activators for these Nrf2 and PPAR<i>γ</i> pathways on the progression of various metabolic disorders and drug-induced organ injuries by oxidative stress. In this review, general features of Nrf2 and PPAR<i>γ</i> pathways in the context of oxidative protection will be summarized first. Then, a number of successful applications of natural and synthetic Nrf2 and PPAR<i>γ</i> activators to the alleviation of pathological and drug-related oxidative damage will be discussed later.
Dynamic prioritization of complex agents in distributed constraint satisfaction problems (1997)

Cooperative distributed problem solving (CDPS) loosely-coupled agents can be effectively modeled as a distributed constraint satisfaction problem (DCSP) where each agent has multiple local variables. DCSP protocols typically impose (partial) orders on agents ensure systematic exploration of the search space, but the ordering decisions can have a dramatic effect on the overall problem-solving effort. In this paper, we examine several heuristics for ordering agents, and conclude that the best heuristics attempt to order agents based on the cumulative difficulty of finding assignments to their local variables. Less costly heuristics are sometimes also effective depending on the structure of the variables ’ constraints, and we describe the tradeoffs between heuristic cost and quality. Finally, we also show that a combined heuristic, with weightings determined through a genetic algorithm, can lead to the best performance.
Antigenic Differentiation between Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus of Swine and a Related Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus (1988)

The antigenic relationship between a recently isolated porcine respiratory coronavirus (TLM 83) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus of swine was studied by neutralization, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay (RIA) using TGE virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antibodies specific for both viruses. A complete two-way neutralization activity between the two viruses was found. Immunoblotting revealed cross-reactions between TLM 83 and TGE virus antigens at the level of the envelope protein (E1), the nucleoprotein (N) and the peplomer protein (E2). By virus neutralization assays and RIA with TGE virus-specific MAbs, the presence of similar epitopes in the E1 and N proteins and in the neutralization-mediating antigenic site of the E2 protein were demonstrated. E2 protein-specific MAbs, without neutralizing activity and reacting with antigenic sites B, C and D (previously defined), failed to recognize TLM 83. These results indicated a close antigenic relationship and structural similarity between TLM 83 and TGE viruses and also suggested potential ways of differentiating between the two viruses.
Microscopy‐Based Mass Measurement of a Single Whole Virus in a Cylindrical Ion Trap (2006)

Weight of the world: Masses of whole viruses with sizes in the range of 80–300 nm were determined for the first time by using a miniature cylindrical ion trap equipped with a transparent end-cap electrode. Three viruses (vaccinia virus, grouper iridovirus, and recombinant human adenovirus) have been successfully examined, suggesting a broad and promising application of this new technology to viral systems.
Iron transport of Escherichia coli K-12: involvement of the colicin B receptor and of a citrate-inducible protein (1976)

It was shown that feuB mutants (defective in ferric enterochelin uptake) were unable to adsorb colicin B. In addition, they were missing one of the three outer-membrane proteins which are over produced in strains grown in iron-deficient, extracted medium. Thus this protein (the feuB protein) is probably the receptor for colicin B and functions in enterochelin-mediated iron transport. The feuB gene was located by P1 transduction at approximately 72.5 min on the Escherichia coli K-12 genetic map and thus maps separately from the other genes concerned with the enterochelin system. The outer membranes of various strains grown in the presence of 1 mM citrate contained a high level of a protein which was present in very small amounts when citrate was absent from the growth medium. This protein was most easily observed in feuB mutants grown in the presence of citrate, since on polyacrylamide gels it ran in a similar position to the feuB protein, which is missing in these mutants. The relationship of this citrate-inducible protein to the inducible citrate-dependent iron uptake system is discussed.
Comparative isoschizomer profiling of cytosine methylation: The HELP assay (2006)

The distribution of cytosine methylation in 6.2 Mb of the mouse genome was tested using cohybridization of genomic representations from a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme and its methylation-insensitive isoschizomer. This assay, termed HELP (HpaII tiny fragment Enrichment by Ligation-mediated PCR), allows both intragenomic profiling and intergenomic comparisons of cytosine methylation. The intragenomic profile shows most of the genome to be contiguous methylated sequence with occasional clusters of hypomethylated loci, usually but not exclusively at promoters and CpG islands. Intergenomic comparison found marked differences in cytosine methylation between spermatogenic and brain cells, identifying 223 new candidate tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs). Bisulfite pyrosequencing confirmed the four candidates tested to be T-DMRs, while quantitative RT-PCR for two genes with T-DMRs located at their promoters showed the HELP data to be correlated with gene activity at these loci. The HELP assay is robust, quantitative, and accurate and is providing new insights into the distribution and dynamic nature of cytosine methylation in the genome.
Alternating Copolymers of Dithienyl-s-Tetrazine and Cyclopentadithiophene for Organic Photovoltaic Applications (2011)

As a new emerging electron deficient building block, s-tetrazine (Tz) shows high electron affinity, which is even higher than the commonly used benzothiadiazole units. This property makes Tz a very promising electron withdrawing unit for low band gap conjugated polymers, especially for organic solar cell materials. We report the synthesis and property of five alternating copolymers of s-tetrazine and cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT), which are bridged with a thiophene unit. Methyl, hexyl, and/or 2-ethylhexyl groups are introduced onto thiophene and CPDT units to tune the solubility, UV absorption, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and interchain stacking property of the resulting polymers. These polymers are stable up to 220 °C and decompose to dinitrile compounds with the breaking of Tz linkage at a higher temperature. Efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated by blending these polymers with (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), and they reached a power conversion efficiency up to 5.53% under simulated AM 1.5 G irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. The morphological structures of the active layers from different polymers or under different processing conditions were then analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and correlated with their device performance.