gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y induces ischemic angiogenesis and restores function of ischemic skeletal muscles (2003)

Previously we showed that neuropeptide Y (NPY), a sympathetic vasoconstrictor neurotransmitter, stimulates endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. Here, we report on NPY's actions, receptors, and mediators in ischemic angiogenesis. In rats, hindlimb ischemia stimulates sympathetic NPY release (attenuated by lumbar sympathectomy) and upregulates NPY-Y2 (Y2) receptor and a peptidase forming Y2/Y5-selective agonist. Exogenous NPY at physiological concentrations also induces Y5 receptor, stimulates neovascularization, and restores ischemic muscle blood flow and performance. NPY-mediated ischemic angiogenesis is not prevented by a selective Y1 receptor antagonist but is reduced in Y2(-/-) mice. Nonischemic muscle vascularity is also lower in Y2(-/-) mice, whereas it is increased in NPY-overexpressing rats compared with their WT controls. Ex vivo, NPY-induced aortic sprouting is markedly reduced in Y2(-/-) aortas and spontaneous sprouting is severely impaired in NPY(-/-) mice. NPY-mediated aortic sprouting, but not cell migration/proliferation, is blocked by an antifetal liver kinase 1 antibody and abolished in mice null for eNOS. Thus, NPY mediates neurogenic ischemic angiogenesis at physiological concentrations by activating Y2/Y5 receptors and eNOS, in part due to release of VEGF. NPY's effectiveness in revascularization and restoring function of ischemic tissue suggests its therapeutic potential in ischemic conditions.
Multiple natural killer cell‐activating signals are inhibited by major histocompatibility complex class I expression in target cells (1994)

Several lines of evidence indicate that major histocompatibility complex class I molecules expressed by target cells can prevent natural killer cell (NK) lysis, possibly by engaging inhibitory receptors expressed by NK cells. On the other hand it is likely that NK cells must be activated to lysis by the recognition of unidentified NK target structures on target cells. To investigate the relationship between positive activation of NK cells by NK target structures versus inhibition by target cell class I molecules, we have examined various NK/target cell interactions for which the expression of inhibitory class I molecules by the target cells is known. The results suggests that specific properties of the target cell other than the absence of class I expression are necessary to activate NK-mediated lysis. Furthermore, different effector cell populations, i.e. freshly isolated versus interleukin-2 activated NK cells, differ in their capacity to kill class I-deficient lymphoblast target cells. In general, class I-deficient target cells that are resistant to direct lysis by a given NK population can be lysed by the NK cells when the reaction is mediated by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Most significantly, all types of NK-mediated lysis of lymphoblasts, of tumor cells and of almost any target by ADCC can be inhibited by appropriate class I gene expression in the target cell. These results suggest a model in which lysis by NK cells must be triggered by any one of a set of distinct target cell ligands, but that all of these signals can be overruled by class I-mediated inhibition.
Isolation of FRET‐positive cells using single 408‐nm laser flow cytometry (2006)

FRET-positive cells, expressing ECFP- and EYFP-tagged proteins, can be detected using single 408-nm laser excitation, with low background signal. This allows high-throughput analysis and isolation of viable FRET-positive and -negative cells for subsequent biological experiments.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Ultrathin Composite Films from Micron-Sized Graphite Oxide Sheets and Polycations (1999)

Unilamellar colloids of graphite oxide (GO) were prepared from natural graphite and were grown as monolayer and multilayer thin films on cationic surfaces by electrostatic self-assembly. The multilayer films were grown by alternate adsorption of anionic GO sheets and cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The monolayer films consisted of 11−14 Å thick GO sheets, with lateral dimensions between 150 nm and 9 μm. Silicon substrates primed with amine monolayers gave partial GO monolayers, but surfaces primed with Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)127+ ions gave densely tiled films that covered approximately 90% of the surface. When alkaline GO colloids were used, the monolayer assembly process selected the largest sheets (from 900 nm to 9 μm) from the suspension. In this case, many of the flexible sheets appeared folded in AFM images. Multilayer (GO/PAH)n films were invariably thicker than expected from the individual thicknesses of the sheets and the polymer monolayers, and this behavior is also attributed to folding of the sheets. Multilayer (GO/PAH)n and (GO/polyaniline)n films grown between indium−tin oxide and Pt electrodes show diodelike behavior, and higher currents are observed with the conductive polyaniline-containing films. The resisitivity of these films is decreased, as expected, by partial reduction of GO to carbon.
Ras- and PI3K-dependent breast tumorigenesis in mice and humans requires focal adhesion kinase signaling (2009)

Cancer cells require sustained oncogenic signaling in order to maintain their malignant properties. It is, however, unclear whether they possess other dependencies that can be exploited therapeutically. We report here that in a large fraction of human breast cancers, the gene encoding focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a core component of integrin signaling, was amplified and FAK mRNA was overexpressed. A mammary gland-specific deletion of Fak in mice did not seem to affect normal mammary epithelial cells, and these mice were protected from tumors initiated by the polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT), which activates Ras and PI3K. FAK-deficient PyMT-transformed cells displayed both growth arrest and apoptosis, as well as diminished invasive and metastatic capacity. Upon silencing of Fak, mouse mammary tumor cells transformed by activated Ras became senescent and lost their invasive ability. Further, Neu-transformed cells also underwent growth arrest and apoptosis if integrin beta4-dependent signaling was simultaneously inactivated. Human breast cancer cells carrying oncogenic mutations that activate Ras or PI3K signaling displayed similar responses upon silencing of FAK. Mechanistic studies indicated that FAK sustains tumorigenesis by promoting Src-mediated phosphorylation of p130Cas. These results suggest that FAK supports Ras- and PI3K-dependent mammary tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression to metastasis by orchestrating multiple core cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, and avoidance of senescence.
Topographic Differences of 1H-NMR Relaxation Times (T13 T2) in the Normal Intervertebral Disc and Its Relationship to Water Content (1993)

1H-nuclear magnetic resonance studies, in vitro, on normal intervertebral discs dissected from adult bovine (3- or 4-year-old) coccygeal vertebrae were performed to clarify topographic differences in relaxation times (T1, T2) and relationships between the relaxation times and water content. Immediately after death, intervertebral discs were dissected from 1st/2nd and 2nd/3rd coccygeal vertebrae and divided into three specimens: the nucleus pulposus, inner anulus fibrosus, and outer anulus fibrosus. T1, T2, and water content were measured for the specimens collected from 15 intervertebral discs (untreated group). Secondly, specimens were similarly collected from 12 intervertebral discs and were treated to changed water contents (dehydrated group and hydrated group). For each treated specimen, T1, T2, and water content were measured. The results showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) in T1 values among the nucleus pulposus, inner anulus fibrosus, and outer anulus fibrosus, and also in T2 values between the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus. In each of the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus, a positive linear relationship (r = 0.97, P < 0.01) was found between T1 and water content. The respective regression lines for the nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus had different slopes, and the slope of the nucleus pulposus was significantly greater than that of the anulus fibrosus. Thus, the decrease in water content shortens the T1 in intervertebral discs, and changes in water content have a greater influence on T1 in the nucleus pulposus than in the anulus fibrosus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thalidomide responsive chronic pulmonary GVHD. (1996)

A 29-year-old male underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for progressive multiple myeloma. His post-transplant course was complicated by severe chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) resistant to cyclosporin A, corticosteroids and azathioprine. The introduction of thalidomide resulted in a dramatic improvement in his lung function which has been maintained even after cessation of thalidomide. He remains well 40 months after transplantation.
Observation of Crystallization of Vapor-deposited TPD Films by AFM and FFM (1994)

Abstract The morphological change of vapor-deposited TPD (N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine) films, used as the hole transport layer of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices, on a glass plate was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM) in an ambient atmosphere. The TPD film was flat and amorphous as deposited, but was crystallized partially about a week later. By friction force loop measurement, we found that the bare glass surface was revealed between the crystals and between the amorphous film and the crystal due to mass transport for crystallization of TPD from the amorphous film.
The nucleotide sequence of pACYC184 (1988)

Journal Article The nucleotide sequence of pACYC184 Get access Ronald E. Rose Ronald E. Rose Calgene Inc.1920 Fifth Street, Davis, CA 95616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 1, 11 January 1988, Page 355, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.1.355 Published: 11 January 1988 Article history Accepted: 18 November 1987 Published: 11 January 1988
Reducing Muscle Fatigue Due to Functional Electrical Stimulation Using Random Modulation of Stimulation Parameters (2005)

A major limitation of many functional electrical stimulation (FES) applications is that muscles tend to fatigue very rapidly. It was hypothesized that FES-induced muscle fatigue could be reduced by randomly modulating the pulse frequency, amplitude, and pulse width in a range of +/-15%. Seven subjects with spinal-cord injuries participated in this study. FES was applied to quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles using surface electrodes. Isometric force was measured, and the time for the force to drop by 3 dB (fatigue time) was compared between trials. Four different modes of FES were applied in random order: constant stimulation, randomized frequency, randomized amplitude, and randomized pulse width. There was no significant difference between the fatigue-time measurements for the four modes of stimulation (P=0.329). Therefore, random modulation appeared to have no effect. Based on an observed correlation between maximum force measurements and trial order, we concluded that having 10-min rest periods between trials was insufficient.
Synthesis and Aromatase-Inhibitory Activity of Imidazolyl-1,3,5-triazine Derivatives. (1997)

Triamino-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for inhibitory activities against the aromatase of human placental microsomes and the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage of cholesterol (P450SCC) of pig adrenal mitochondria. The compounds having imidazolyl and tertiary amino groups as substituents in the 1,3,5-triazine ring showed significant aromatase-inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 17, 23, 26, 27 and 28 were more active than the reference compound, CGS 16949A. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against P450SCC were much weaker than their aromatase-inhibitory activities. These compounds may be regarded as selective aromatase inhibitors.
Dynamic data management for location based services in mobile environments (2003)

We characterize the dynamic data management problem for location based services (LBS) in mobile environments and devise a cost model for servicing both location independent and location dependent data. The cost analysis leads to a set of dynamic data management strategies that employs judicious caching, proactive server pushing and neighborhood replication to reduce service cost and improve response time under changing user mobility and access patterns. Simulation results suggest that different strategies are effective for different types of data in response to different patterns of movement and information access.
The role of cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides in structuring desert microbial crusts (1996)

Microbial crusts are present on surfaces of soils throughout the world. A key feature of these crusts in arid zones is the abundance of filamentous sheath-forming and polysaccharide-excreting cyanobacteria. Several isolates of cyanobacteria were prepared from crust samples (Nizzana sand dunes, north-western Negev Desert, Israel). Optimal growth conditions for two such isolates of Microcoleus sp. were defined, and the role of the excreted polysaccharides in affecting the hydrological properties of crust-covered sand dunes was studied. Experiments with the native crust microbial population demonstrated the possibility of net primary productivity at both high relative air humidities and low moisture content.
CT artifacts: causes and reduction techniques (2012)

Artifacts are commonly encountered in clinical CT and may obscure or simulate pathology. There are many different types of CT artifacts, including noise, beam hardening, scatter, pseudoenhancement, motion, cone-beam, helical, ring and metal artifacts. We review the cause and appearance of each type of artifact, correct some popular misconceptions and describe modern techniques for artifact reduction. Noise can be reduced using iterative reconstruction or by combining data from multiple scans. This enables lower radiation dose and higher resolution scans. Metal artifacts can also be reduced using iterative reconstruction, resulting in a more accurate diagnosis. Dual- and multi-energy (photon counting) CT can reduce beam hardening and provide better tissue contrast. Methods for reducing noise and out-of-field artifacts may enable ultra-high resolution limited field of view imaging of tumors and other structures.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan form of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor. (1992)

The Alzheimer's amyloid beta protein is derived from a family of membrane glycoproteins termed amyloid precursor proteins (APP). Here we show that APP exists as the core protein of a chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, ranging in apparent molecular size from 140 to 250 kDa, secreted by glial cell line C6. After partial purification on ion-exchange and gel chromatography, the secreted APP proteoglycan was recognized on Western blots by several antibodies specific to different regions of APP. Chondroitinase AC or ABC treatment of our samples completely eliminated the high molecular weight proteoglycan with a concomitant increase in the APP protein. This digested product reacted with an anti-stub antibody which recognizes 4-sulfated disaccharide. Sequencing of the N terminus of the core protein of this CS proteoglycan yielded 18 residues identical to the N terminus sequence of the mature APP. Quantitative analysis showed that, in this cell line, about 90% of the secreted nexin II form of APP occurs in the proteoglycan form, suggesting that the CS chains have a role in the biological function of this protein. The close proximity of two consensus CS attachment sites to both the N terminus of the amyloid beta protein and the secretase cleavage site, suggests that the CS chains may affect the proteolysis of APP and production of the amyloid beta protein.
Exact rotamer optimization for protein design (2002)

Computational methods play a central role in the rational design of novel proteins. The present work describes a new hybrid exact rotamer optimization (HERO) method that builds on previous dead-end elimination algorithms to yield dramatic performance enhancements. Measured on experimentally validated physical models, these improvements make it possible to perform previously intractable designs of entire protein core, surface, or boundary regions. Computational demonstrations include a full core design of the variable domains of the light and heavy chains of catalytic antibody 48G7 FAB with 74 residues and 10(128) conformations, a full core/boundary design of the beta1 domain of protein G with 25 residues and 10(53) conformations, and a full surface design of the beta1 domain of protein G with 27 residues and 10(60) conformations. In addition, a full sequence design of the beta1 domain of protein G is used to demonstrate the strong dependence of algorithm performance on the exact form of the potential function and the fidelity of the rotamer library. These results emphasize that search algorithm performance for protein design can only be meaningfully evaluated on physical models that have been subjected to experimental scrutiny. The new algorithm greatly facilitates ongoing efforts to engineer increasingly complex protein features.
HER-2/neu Oncogenic Protein: Issues in Vaccine Development (1998)

Vaccine studies using whole tumor cells or heterogeneous mixtures of tumor antigens provide intriguing evidence that cancer vaccines might be effective. Now it is possible to test vaccines composed of well-characterized proteins and peptides. Testing vaccine formulations composed of known and defined antigens will allow a more precise determination as to why vaccines work when they work, and why they do not work when they fail. The demonstration that human malignancy is immunogenic and the definition of human tumor antigens has set the stage for a new generation of cancer vaccines directly targeting immunogenic cancer-related peptides and proteins. Many newly defined tumor antigens are self proteins. As an example, screening existent immunity in human melanoma has identified responses to nonmutated self proteins: MAGE, MART, gp100, and tyrosinase. Tolerance to self antigens now emerges as a possible mechanism of tumor immune escape. A new puzzle has emerged for tumor immunologists to solve; how to harness immunity to "self" tumor antigens for cancer therapeutics.
Distinct regulatory effects of IL-4 and TNF-alpha during CD3-dependent and CD3-independent initiation of human T-cell activation. (1989)

The present study examines the effects of IL-4 and TNF-alpha on the CD3-dependent (Ag/MHC-initiated or anti-CD3 mAb-initiated) and CD3-independent (IL-2-initiated) pathways of the initiation of human T-cell activation. Both IL-4 and TNF-alpha significantly augmented the CD3-dependent T-cell proliferation induced by either irradiated OKT3 hybridoma cells or allogeneic B cells. In contrast, the CD3-independent IL-2-initiated T-cell proliferation was enhanced by TNF-alpha and significantly inhibited by IL-4. Although the growth-enhancing effects of both IL-4 and TNF-alpha on the CD3-dependent T-cell proliferation were noticeable regardless of when these cytokines were introduced in culture, the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on the CD3-independent IL-2-initiated T-cell activation was observed only if IL-4 was added at the initiation but not later than 24 hr of "T cells + IL-2" cultures. The growth-enhancing effects of both IL-4 and TNF-alpha on the CD3-dependent T-cell activation were not confined to any one subset of T cells. On the other hand, IL-4 inhibited the IL-2-induced proliferation of CD4+ (helper/inducer) T cells and CD45R+ (virgin) T cells but not that of CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) T cells and CD45R (memory) T cells. When examined for their effects on cytokine production, CD3-dependent production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma was affected by neither cytokine, whereas IL-4 strongly inhibited the production of IFN-gamma by IL-2-stimulated T cells. Consistent with their enhancing and inhibitory effects, respectively, on IL-2-induced T-cell proliferation, TNF-alpha augmented and IL-4 inhibited the development of IL-2-stimulated MHC-unrestricted cytolytic (MUC) T-cell activity directed against tumor cells. When deprived of IL-2, MUC T cells rapidly lose their cytolytic activity, and despite its inhibitory effect on the development of MUC T cells, exposure of IL-2-deprived MUC T cells with decaying cytolytic activity to IL-4 retards the decay in their cytolytic activity. These results suggest the differential regulatory effects of IL-4 and TNF-alpha during human T-cell activation.
Photosensitive heterostructures CdTe-PbTe prepared by hot-wall technique (1999)

The purpose of the present paper is to prepare CdTe-PbTe heterostructures by HWE technique and to study their basic characteristics.
Orienteering Strategies for a Signaling Maze (2002)

This joint Special Issue by Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment (STKE) and Science presents important developments in the sprawling field of signal transduction. (Signal transduction refers to the processes by which cells perceive their environment or internal status and react to such stimuli with appropriate physiological responses.) The Viewpoints in this issue of Science provide authoritative syntheses that are accessible to the nonspecialist, explaining what a signaling pathway does and why it does it. Furthermore, this issue highlights new ways in which Science's STKE is working with authors to efficiently convey complex information. At Science's STKE, readers can delve deeper into the topic and take advantage of special electronic features, particularly the “Connections Map” database in which the details of the signaling pathway are dynamically displayed and annotated. (STKE is the first of a series of Knowledge Environments published by AAAS. These electronic publications gather a comprehensive set of resources to enhance access to information in a fast-moving field like cell signaling.)
Clinical spectrum of SCN2A mutations expanding to Ohtahara syndrome (2013)

Our study confirmed that SCN2A mutations are an important genetic cause of OS. Given the wide clinical spectrum associated with SCN2A mutations, genetic testing for SCN2A should be considered for children with different epileptic conditions.
Organization and Expression of Eucaryotic Split Genes Coding for Proteins (1981)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More