gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in human pulmonary epithelial cells results in cell growth arrest and increased resistance to hyperoxia. (1996)

Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to biliverdin, which is reduced by biliverdin reductase to bilirubin. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is inducible not only by its heme substrate, but also by a variety of agents causing oxidative stress. Although much is known about the regulation of HO-1 expression, the functional significance of HO-1 induction after oxidant insult is still poorly understood. We hypothesize and provide evidence that HO-1 induction serves to protect cells against oxidant stress. Human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cells) stably transfected with the rat HO-1 cDNA exhibit marked increases of HO-1 mRNA levels which were correlated with increased HO enzyme activity. Cells that overexpress HO-1 (A549-A4) exhibited a marked decrease in cell growth compared with wild-type A549 (A549-WT) cells or A549 cells transfected with control DNA (A549-neo). This slowing of cell growth was associated with an increased number of cells in G0/G1 phase during the exponential growth phase and decreased entry into the S phase, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells and pulse experiments with bromodeoxyuridine. Furthermore, the A549-A4 cells accumulated at the G2/M phase and failed to progress through the cell cycle when stimulated with serum, whereas the A549-neo control cells exhibited normal cell cycle progression. Interestingly, the A549-A4 cells also exhibited marked resistance to hyperoxic oxidant insult. Tin protoporphyrin, a selective inhibitor of HO, reversed the growth arrest and ablated the increased survival against hyperoxia observed in the A549-A4 cells overexpressing HO-1. Taken together, our data suggest that overexpression of HO-1 results in cell growth arrest, which may facilitate cellular protection against non-heme-mediated oxidant insult such as hyperoxia.
The high-resolution crystal structure of a 24-kDa gyrase B fragment fromE. coli complexed with one of the most potent coumarin inhibitors, clorobiocin (1997)

Coumarin antibiotics, such as clorobiocin, novobiocin, and coumermycin A1, inhibit the supercoiling activity of gyrase by binding to the gyrase B (GyrB) subunit. Previous crystallographic studies of a 24-kDa N-terminal domain of GyrB from E. coli complexed with novobiocin and a cyclothialidine analogue have shown that both ligands act by binding at the ATP-binding site. Clorobiocin is a natural antibiotic isolated from several Streptomyces strains and differs from novobiocin in that the methyl group at the 8 position in the coumarin ring of novobiocin is replaced by a chlorine atom, and the carbamoyl at the 3' position of the noviose sugar is substituted by a 5-methyl-2-pyrrolylcarbonyl group. To understand the difference in affinity, in order that this information might be exploited in rational drug design, the crystal structure of the 24-kDa GyrB fragment in complex with clorobiocin was determined to high resolution. This structure was determined independently in two laboratories, which allowed the validation of equivalent interpretations. The clorobiocin complex structure is compared with the crystal structures of gyrase complexes with novobiocin and 5'-adenylyl-beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate, and with information on the bound conformation of novobiocin in the p24-novobiocin complex obtained by heteronuclear isotope-filtered NMR experiments in solution. Moreover, to understand the differences in energetics of binding of clorobiocin and novobiocin to the protein, the results from isothermal titration calorimetry are also presented.
Wound-induced proteinase inhibitors from tomato leaves. I. The cDNA-deduced primary structure of pre-inhibitor I and its post-translational processing. (1985)

A cDNA containing the coding region for the complete amino acid sequence of wound-induced proteinase Inhibitor I from tomato leaves was constructed in the plasmid pUC9 and characterized. The open reading frame codes for a protein of 111 amino acids. This deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a 42-amino acid N-terminal sequence that is not found in the native protein. This sequence appears to contain a 23-amino acid segment typical of a signal sequence followed by a 19-amino acid sequence containing 9 charged amino acids. The 42-amino acid sequence is apparently lost during maturation to the native Inhibitor I and represents 38% of the translated protein. The Inhibitor I amino acid sequence contains 71% identity with potato tuber Inhibitor I sequence and 35% identity with an inhibitor from the leech.
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: global cardiovascular risk assessment and management in clinical practice (2015)

http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00950703; NCT00950703.
Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy (2009)

Achieving a spatial resolution that is not limited by the diffraction of light, recent developments of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques allow the observation of many biological structures not resolvable in conventional fluorescence microscopy. New advances in these techniques now give them the ability to image three-dimensional (3D) structures, measure interactions by multicolor colocalization, and record dynamic processes in living cells at the nanometer scale. It is anticipated that super-resolution fluorescence microscopy will become a widely used tool for cell and tissue imaging to provide previously unobserved details of biological structures and processes.
Influence of temperature and humidity on the accumulation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in stored burley tobacco (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of temperature and humidity on the accumulation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in stored burley tobaccoHarold R. Burton, Lowell P. Bush, and Mirjana V. DjordjevicCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 5, 1372–1377Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00089a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (714 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using probiotics to improve swine gut health and nutrient utilization (2017)

To maintain a healthy gut is definitely key for a pig to digest and absorb dietary nutrients efficiently. A balanced microbiota (i.e., a healthy micro-ecosystem) is an indispensable constituent of a healthy gut. Probiotics, the live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer good health benefits onto the host, are a category of feed additives that can be used to replenish the gut microbial population while recuperating the host immune system. Besides their antitoxin and diarrhea reduction effects, dietary supplementation of probiotics can improve gut health, nutrient digestibilities and, therefore, benefit nutrient utilization and growth performance of pigs. Current knowledge in the literature pertinent to the beneficial effects of utilizing various probiotics for swine production has been comprehensively reviewed, and the safety and the risk issues related to probiotic usage have also been discussed in this paper. Considering that the foremost cost in a swine operation is feed cost, feed efficiency holds a very special, if not the paramount, significance in commercial swine production. Globally, the swine industry along with other animal industries is moving towards restricting and eventually a total ban on the usage of antibiotic growth promoters. Therefore, selection of an ideal alternative to the in-feed antibiotics to compensate for the lost benefits due to the ban on the antibiotic usage is urgently needed to support the industry for profitable and sustainable swine production. As is understood, a decision on this selection is not easy to make. Thus, this review paper aims to provide some much needed up-to-date knowledge and comprehensive references for swine nutritionists and producers to refer to before making prudent decisions and for scientists and researchers to develop better commercial products.
High-Frequency Phage-Mediated Gene Transfer among Escherichia coli Cells, Determined at the Single-Cell Level (2007)

Recent whole-genome analysis suggests that lateral gene transfer by bacteriophages has contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of bacteria. To accurately determine the frequency of phage-mediated gene transfer, we employed cycling primed in situ amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization (CPRINS-FISH) and investigated the movement of the ampicillin resistance gene among Escherichia coli cells mediated by phage at the single-cell level. Phages P1 and T4 and the newly isolated E. coli phage EC10 were used as vectors. The transduction frequencies determined by conventional plating were 3x10(-8) to 2x10(-6), 1x10(-8) to 4x10(-8), and <4x10(-9) to 4x10(-8) per PFU for phages P1, T4, and EC10, respectively. The frequencies of DNA transfer determined by CPRINS-FISH were 7x10(-4) to 1x10(-3), 9x10(-4) to 3x10(-3), and 5x10(-4) to 4x10(-3) for phages P1, T4, and EC10, respectively. Direct viable counting combined with CPRINS-FISH revealed that more than 20% of the cells carrying the transferred gene retained their viabilities. These results revealed that the difference in the number of viable cells carrying the transferred gene and the number of cells capable of growth on the selective medium was 3 to 4 orders of magnitude, indicating that phage-mediated exchange of DNA sequences among bacteria occurs with unexpectedly high frequency.
Changes in Translatable mRNA in Senescing Wheat Leaves (1982)

Wheat leaves were excised and allowed to senesce on the surface of water in the dark; they were able to synthesize heterodisperse high molecular weight RNA even after 72 hr of senescence. Polyadenylated RNA was prepared from the senescing leaves and was translated in vitro in either wheat germ extract or a reticulocyte lysate system. The translation products were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. Twelve different polypeptides were found to change their intensities on the fluorogram during the progress of senescence. The mRNA's for those polypeptides were classified into three types according to their mode of change: mRNA's of the first type were present in non-senescent leaves and disappeared soon after the excision of the leaves; those of the second type appeared only after the onset of senescence; and those of the last type appeared temporarily after leaf detachment and disappeared again within the first 72 hr of senescence. The first change in the translatable mRNA was observed as early as 12 hr after the onset of senescence. Benzyladenine and ethylene applied to the senescing leaves affected some, but not all, of these mRNA's in a manner parallel to their effects on the yellowing of the leaves.
Prion biology and diseases. (1994)

PRION BIOLOGY An Introduction to Prion Biology and Diseases Chapter 1: S.B. Prusiner Chapter 2: Development of the Prion Concept S.B. Prusiner Chapter 3: Bioassays of Prions S.B. Prusiner, J. Safar, and S.J. DeArmond Chapter 4: Transmission and Replication of Prions S.B. Prusiner, M.R. Scott, S.J. DeArmond, and G. Carlson Chapter 5: Structural Studies of Prion Proteins C. Govaerts, H. Wille, S.B. Prusiner, and F.E. Cohen Chapter 6: Doppel, a New PrP-like Mammalian Protein D. Westaway, L.E. Hood, and S.B. Prusiner FUNGAL PRIONS Chapter 7: Prions of Yeast and Filamentous Fungi: [URE3], [PSI+], [PIN+], and [Het-s] R.B. Wickner, S.W. Liebman, and S.J. Saupe TRANSGENETICS AND CELL BIOLOGY OF PRIONS Chapter 8: Knockouts, Knockins, Transgenics, and Transplants in Prion Research E. Flechsig, J.C. Manson, R. Barron, A. Aguzzi, and C. Weissmann Chapter 9: Transgenetic Investigations of the Species Barrier and Prion Strains M. Scott, D. Peretz, R.M. Ridley, H.F. Baker, S.J. DeArmond, and S.B. Prusiner Chapter 10: Cell Biology of Prions D.A. Harris, P.J. Peters, A. Taraboulos, V. Lingappa, S.J. DeArmond, and S.B. Prusiner PRION DISEASES IN ANIMALS Chapter 11: Scrapie, Chronic Wasting Disease, and Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy S.B. Prusiner, E. Williams, J.-L. Laplanche, and M. Shinagawa Chapter 12: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Related Diseases G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith HUMAN PRION DISEASES Chapter 13: Infectious and Sporadic Prion Diseases R.G. Will, M.P. Alpers, D. Dormont, and L.B. Schonberger Chapter 14: Inherited Prion Diseases Q. Kong, W.K. Surewicz, R.B. Petersen, W. Zou, S.G. Chen, P. Gambetti, P. Parchi, S. Capellari, L. Goldfarb, P. Montagna, E. Lugaresi, P. Piccardo, and B. Ghetti Chapter 15: Neuropathology of Prion Diseases S.J. DeArmond, J.W. Ironside, E. Bouzamondo-Bernstein, D. Peretz, and J.R. Fraser METHODOLOGY, BIOSAFETY, AND THERAPEUTICS Chapter 16: Some Strategies and Methods for the Study of Prions S.B. Prusiner, G. Legname, S.J. DeArmond, F.E. Cohen, J. Safar, D. Riesner, and K. Kaneko Chapter 17: Biosafety Issues in Prion Diseases H. Baron, J. Safar, D. Groth, S.J. DeArmond, and S.B. Prusiner Chapter 18: Therapeutic Approaches to Prion Diseases S.B. Prusiner, B.C.H. May, and F.E. Cohen Glossary Appendix Index
Proteomic analysis of the effects of baicalein on colorectal cancer cells (2012)

Baicalein is the flavonoids with multiple pharmacological activities. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of baicalein on colorectal cancer (CRC) and to recognize the targets of baicalein treatment. To better understand baicalein's target, proteomic approaches were used to purify and identify the protein substrates using 2D difference gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) to elucidate proteins differential display. Results from this study investigate that baicalein treatment of CRC cells results in reduced cell proliferation. As a result, differential protein displays between baicalein-treated and untreated CRC were determined and validated. There were 11 differentially expressed proteins between baicalein-treated and untreated CRC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that baicalein inhibits cancer cell proliferation and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by up-regulating the levels of peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6). Knockdown of PRDX6 in baicalein-treated CRC cells by specific small interfering RNA resulted in ROS production and proliferation, opposite of the baicalein treatment scenario as indicated by cell cycle distribution. These results illustrate that baicalein up-regulates the expression of PRDX6, which attenuates the generation of ROS and inhibits the growth of CRC cells, whereas baicalein treatment have no effect on normal epithelial cells.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing ameliorates neurotoxicity in mouse model of Huntington’s disease (2017)

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine repeat in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). Although suppressing the expression of mutant HTT (mHTT) has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to treat Huntington's disease, considerable efforts have gone into developing allele-specific suppression of mHTT expression, given that loss of Htt in mice can lead to embryonic lethality. It remains unknown whether depletion of HTT in the adult brain, regardless of its allele, could be a safe therapy. Here, we report that permanent suppression of endogenous mHTT expression in the striatum of mHTT-expressing mice (HD140Q-knockin mice) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation effectively depleted HTT aggregates and attenuated early neuropathology. The reduction of mHTT expression in striatal neuronal cells in adult HD140Q-knockin mice did not affect viability, but alleviated motor deficits. Our studies suggest that non-allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing could be used to efficiently and permanently eliminate polyglutamine expansion-mediated neuronal toxicity in the adult brain.
Decreased Mitochondrial Activities of Malate Dehydrogenase and Fumarase in Tomato Lead to Altered Root Growth and Architecture via Diverse Mechanisms (2008)

Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in which either mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase or fumarase was antisense inhibited have previously been characterized to exhibit altered photosynthetic metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that these manipulations also resulted in differences in root growth, with both transgenics being characterized by a dramatic reduction of root dry matter deposition and respiratory activity but opposite changes with respect to root area. A range of physiological, molecular, and biochemical experiments were carried out in order to determine whether changes in root morphology were due to altered metabolism within the root itself, alterations in the nature of the transformants' root exudation, consequences of alteration in the efficiency of photoassimilate delivery to the root, or a combination of these factors. Grafting experiments in which the transformants were reciprocally grafted to wild-type controls suggested that root length and area were determined by the aerial part of the plant but that biomass was not. Despite the transgenic roots displaying alteration in the expression of phytohormone-associated genes, evaluation of the levels of the hormones themselves revealed that, with the exception of gibberellins, they were largely unaltered. When taken together, these combined experiments suggest that root biomass and growth are retarded by root-specific alterations in metabolism and gibberellin contents. These data are discussed in the context of current models of root growth and biomass partitioning.
Adaptive antennas for GSM and TDMA systems (1999)

Adaptive antennas have generated great interest in previous years, and at present several manufacturers and operators are separately or jointly performing field tests to gain more detailed knowledge of the potential of the technology. This article summarizes many of the experiences that have been collected since 1996 during field trials carried out for both GSM and TDMA (IS-136) by Ericsson in cooperation with two major network operators, Mannesmann Mobilfunk and AT&T Wireless Services.
Onset of activity of fluralaner (BRAVECTO¿) against Ctenocephalides felis on dogs (2014)

Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a novel systemic insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following a single administration at the minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. Three negative controlled, randomized studies were conducted in dogs to evaluate the start to kill (1 study) and the speed of flea kill (2 studies) of fluralaner. All dogs were infested prior to treatment with unfed adult C. felis fleas. Dogs in the treated groups were administered once orally with fluralaner at a minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, while dogs in the control groups were not treated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point of flea assessment. Flea counts were performed by combing dogs at either 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hours after fluralaner treatment to measure the start to kill. To evaluate the speed of flea kill over 12 weeks, flea counts were performed by combing dogs at either 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after fluralaner treatment and then at 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after each flea re-infestations performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks following treatment. In the start to kill study, the fluralaner activity against fleas started already at 1 hour post-treatment (8% numerical efficacy). At 2 and 4 hours post-treatment, the flea reduction was significant with 36.7% and 88% efficacy, respectively. In the speed of kill studies, the efficacy against fleas after fluralaner treatment was 80.5% at 4 hours and remained ≥ 99.4% at 8, 12 and 24 hours. After flea re-infestations in weeks 4, 8 and 12, the efficacy at 4 hours was 96.8, 91.4, and 33.5%, respectively. Efficacy at 8, 12 and 24 hours after flea re-infestations was 98.0-100% for the 12 weeks of the study. Except for 4 hours after the 12-week flea re-infestation, flea reduction was significant for all time points after flea re-infestation. Single oral fluralaner administration rapidly eliminates existing flea infestations and provides excellent protection against fleas over 12 weeks following treatment.
Assessing the role of hematopoietic plasticity for endothelial and hepatocyte development by non-invasive lineage tracing (2004)

Hematopoietic cells have been reported to convert into a number of non-hematopoietic cells types after transplantation/injury. Here, we have used a lineage tracing approach to determine whether hematopoietic plasticity is relevant for the normal development of hepatocytes and endothelial cells, both of which develop in close association with blood cells. Two mouse models were analyzed: vav ancestry mice, in which essentially all hematopoietic cells, including stem cells, irreversibly express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP); and lysozyme ancestry mice, in which all macrophages, as well as a small subset of all other non-myeloid hematopoietic cells, are labeled. Both lines were found to contain YFP+ hepatocytes at similar frequencies, indicating that macrophage to hepatocyte contributions occur in unperturbed mice. However, the YFP+ hepatocytes never formed clusters larger than three cells, suggesting a postnatal origin. In addition, the frequency of these cells was very low (approximately 1 in 75,000) and only increased two- to threefold after acute liver injury. Analysis of the two mouse models revealed no evidence for a hematopoietic origin of endothelial cells, showing that definitive HSCs do not function as hemangioblasts during normal development. Using endothelial cells and hepatocytes as paradigms, our study indicates that hematopoietic cells are tightly restricted in their differentiation potential during mouse embryo development and that hematopoietic plasticity plays at best a minor role in adult organ maintenance and regeneration.
Suppression of Retinal Neovascularization by Small-Interference RNA Targeting Erythropoietin (2009)

siRNA against EPO could inhibit experimental retinal neovascularization by reducing EPO expression in the retinas of mice. It may provide a powerful and novel therapeutic tool for ischemia-induced retinal diseases.