gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and antifungal properties of α‐helical, cationic peptides in the venom of scorpions from southern Africa (2002)

Two novel pore-forming peptides have been isolated from the venom of the South-African scorpion Opistophtalmus carinatus. These peptides, designated opistoporin 1 and 2, differ by only one amino acid and belong to a group of alpha-helical, cationic peptides. For the first time, a comparison of the primary structures of alpha-helical pore-forming peptides from scorpion venom was undertaken. This analysis revealed that peptides in the range of 40-50 amino acids contain a typical scorpion conserved sequence S(x)3KxWxS(x)5L. An extensive study of biological activity of synthesized opistoporin 1 and parabutoporin, a pore-forming peptide previously isolated from the venom of the South-African scorpion Parabuthus schlechteri, was undertaken to investigate an eventual cell-selective effect of the peptides. Opistoporin 1 and parabutoporin were most active in inhibiting growth of Gram-negative bacteria (1.3-25 micro m), while melittin and mastoparan, two well-known cytolytic peptides, were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria in the same concentration range. In addition, the peptides showed synergistic activity with some antibiotics commonly used in therapy. Opistoporin 1 and parabutoporin had hemolytic activity intermediate between the least potent mastoparan and the highly lytic melittin. Furthermore, all peptides inhibited growth of fungi. Experiments with SYTOX green suggested that this effect is related to membrane permeabilization.
Linewidth broadening factor in semiconductor lasers--An overview (1987)

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of topics related to one of the fundamental parameters for semiconductor lasers-the linewidth broadening factor α that describes the coupling between carrier-concentration-induced variations of real and imaginary parts of susceptibility. After introducing the definition of α and discussing its dependence on carrier concentration, photon energy, and temperature, we give a short historical summary on how the concept of α evolved over the past two decades. This is followed by a discussion of α dependence on device structure in gain-guided and subdimensional lasers (quantum wells and quantum wires). The bulk of the paper is devoted to a detailed review of laser properties influenced by α and of associated methods of estimating the value of α. Results of measurements reported to date are collected and the most reliable methods are indicated.
Phase I trial of continuous infusion recombinant interleukin-2 and intermittent recombinant interferon-alpha 2a: clinical effects. (1990)

A phase I trial of high-dose continuous infusion rIL-2 over 5 days and i.m. recombinant human interferon-alpha (rHuIFN-alpha 2a) three times weekly in 23 patients with advanced malignancy has been completed. Cohorts of patients were treated at three different dose levels: rIL-2 3.0 x 10(6) u/m2 plus rHuIFN-alpha 2a either 5.0 or 10.0 x 10(6) u/m2, and rIL-2 4.5 x 10(6) u/m2 plus rHuIFN-alpha 2a 5.0 x 10(6) u/m2 over 4 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity consisted of pulmonary and neurologic side effects, and the maximal tolerated dose was 3.0 x 10(6) u/m2 on days 1-5 or rIL-2, and 10.0 x 10(6) u/m2 three times weekly of rHuIFN-alpha 2a. Four partial responses (renal carcinoma, three; endometrial carcinoma, one) were seen. In conclusion, toxicity of this schedule of rIL-2 and rHuIFN-alpha 2a was significant, but manageable. Further investigation is needed to define the antitumor activity of this combination.
Three-Dimensional Interstitial Nanovoid of Nanoparticulate Pt Film Electroplated from Reverse Micelle Solution (2007)

A new method to fabricate a 3D nanoporous Pt film via electrochemical deposition was proposed. The 3D nanoporous Pt film was successfully obtained by electroplating Pt in a reverse micelle solution of a nonionic surfactant. TEM images showed crystalline Pt nanoparticles (∼3 nm in diameter) and 3D interstitial pores (1−2 nm in width).
Protein disulfide isomerase mediates integrin‐dependent adhesion (2000)

Cell adhesion is mediated by the integrin adhesion receptors. Receptor-ligand interaction involves conformational changes in the receptor, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our earlier work implied a role for sulfhydryls in integrin response to ligand binding in the intact blood platelet. We now show that non-penetrating blockers of free sulfhydryls inhibit beta(1) and beta(3) integrin-mediated platelet adhesion regardless of the affinity state of the integrin. Removal of the inhibitors prior to adhesion fully restores adhesion despite the irreversible nature of inhibitor-thiol interaction, indicating sulfhydryl exposure in response to adhesion. We further show that blocking protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibits adhesion. These data indicate that: (a) ecto-sulfhydryls are necessary for integrin-mediated platelet adhesion; (b) disulfide exchange takes place during this process; (c) surface PDI is involved in integrin-mediated adhesion.
Increased resistance to non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity related to HLA A, B expression. Direct demonstration using beta 2-microglobulin-transfected Daudi cells. (1988)

Experiments in several laboratories have shown that target susceptibility to NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cytotoxicity is inversely correlated with the target expression of HLA Class I molecules. We present the first direct evidence, obtained by gene transfection, that target cell HLA, A, B expression increases the resistance to the "so-called" non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. We have co-transfected, by electroporation, the human beta 2-microglobulin gene and the gene carrying the resistance to geneticin into Daudi cell line. Geneticin selection in culture followed by FACS sorting on the basis of strong positivity with the mAb W6/32 (which is specific for the HLA class I H chain associated to beta 2-microglobulin) have led to the establishment of a HLA+ Daudi cell line permanently expressing HLA A10, A11, and B17 molecules. Studies were performed in vitro to evaluate the susceptibility of these cells to either NK and LAK cytotoxicity. The HLA class I+ Daudi cells exhibit an increased resistance to killing by non-MHC-restricted killer cells (both NK and LAK) as compared with their HLA-Daudi counterpart.
Migraine pain: reflections against vasodilatation (2009)

The original Wolff's vascular theory of migraine was supported by the discovery of a class of drugs, the triptans, developed as a selective cephalic vasoconstrictor agents. Even in the neurovascular hypothesis of Moskowitz, that is the neurogenic inflammation of meningeal vessels provoked by peptides released from trigeminal sensory neurons, the vasodilatation provoked by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is considered today much more important than oedema. The role of cephalic vasodilatation as a cause of migraine pain was recently sustained by studies showing the therapeutic effect of CGRP receptor antagonists. We discuss the evidence against vasodilatation as migraine pain generator and some findings which we suggest in support of a central (brain) origin of pain.
Influenza virus M2 protein: a molecular modelling study of the ion channel (1993)

The influenza A M2 protein forms cation-selective ion channels which are blocked by the anti-influenza drug amantadine. A molecular model of the M2 channel is presented in which a bundle of four parallel M2 transbilayer helices surrounds a central ion-permeable pore. Analysis of helix amphipathicity was used to aid determination of the orientation of the helices about their long axes. The helices are tilted such that the N-terminal mouth of the pore is wider than the C-terminal mouth. The channel is lined by residues V27, S31 and I42. Residues D24 and D44 are located at opposite mouths of the pore, which is narrowest in the vicinity of I42. Energy profiles for interaction of the channel with Na+, amantadine-H+ and cyclopentylamine-H+ are evaluated. The interaction profile for Na+ exhibits three minima, one at each mouth of the pore, and one in the region of residue S31. The amantadine-H+ profile exhibits a minimum close to S31 and a barrier near residue I42. This provides a molecular model for amantadine-H+ block of M2 channels. The profile for cyclopentylamine-H+ does not exhibit such a barrier. It is predicted that cyclopentylamine-H+ will not act as an M2 channel blocker.
DNA Origami Gatekeepers for Solid‐State Nanopores (2012)

DNA has it covered: DNA origami gatekeeper nanoplates convert nanopores in solid-state membranes into versatile devices for label-free macromolecular sensing applications. The custom apertures in the nanoplates can be chemically addressed for sequence-specific detection of DNA.
Interaction of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) with Graphite Particles. 2. Effect of Solvent Evaporation Kinetics and Chemical Properties of PVDF on the Surface Morphology of a Composite Film and Its Relation to Electrochemical Performance (2004)

We have determined the dependence of the surface distribution of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on molecular weight and functionality of PVDF and solvent evaporation kinetics in a graphite composite film analogous to that used as an anode in a lithium ion battery. The homogeneity of the PVDF surface distribution on the graphite particles is determined from fluorine dot mappings, which are detected using energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The results are quantified with a standard deviation method and a spatial autocorrelation function approach, which yield consistent results. We have also examined the electrochemical performance of the anodes with cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy and correlated the electrochemical properties with the homogeneity of PVDF distribution in the final film. Hydroxyl-modified PVDF shows more homogeneous distribution compared to unmodified PVDF. Furthermore, the homogeneity of PVDF distribution on the graphite increases as the solvent evaporation rate increases. Samples with homogeneous PVDF distribution show higher electrochemical capacity and lower resistance, which can be explained in terms of solid electrolyte interphase film formation, binding capability, binder swelling, and electrochemically active sites of the modified PVDF.
Activating Mutations of NOTCH1 in Human T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2004)

Very rare cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) harbor chromosomal translocations that involve NOTCH1, a gene encoding a transmembrane receptor that regulates normal T cell development. Here, we report that more than 50% of human T-ALLs, including tumors from all major molecular oncogenic subtypes, have activating mutations that involve the extracellular heterodimerization domain and/or the C-terminal PEST domain of NOTCH1. These findings greatly expand the role of activated NOTCH1 in the molecular pathogenesis of human T-ALL and provide a strong rationale for targeted therapies that interfere with NOTCH signaling.
FRET measurements of cell-traction forces and nano-scale clustering of adhesion ligands varied by substrate stiffness (2005)

The mechanical properties of cell adhesion substrates regulate cell phenotype, but the mechanism of this relation is currently unclear. It may involve the magnitude of traction force applied by the cell, and/or the ability of the cells to rearrange the cell adhesion molecules presented from the material. In this study, we describe a FRET technique that can be used to evaluate the mechanics of cell-material interactions at the molecular level and simultaneously quantify the cell-based nanoscale rearrangement of the material itself. We found that these events depended on the mechanical rigidity of the adhesion substrate. Furthermore, both the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) correlated to the magnitude of force that cells generate to cluster the cell adhesion ligands, but not the extent of ligand clustering. Together, these data demonstrate the utility of FRET in analyzing cell-material interactions, and suggest that regulation of phenotype with substrate stiffness is related to alterations in cellular traction forces.
Identification of tyrosine 706 in the kinase insert as the major colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)-stimulated autophosphorylation site in the CSF-1 receptor in a murine macrophage cell line. (1990)

The receptor for colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is a ligand-activated protein-tyrosine kinase. It has been shown previously that the CSF-1 receptor is phosphorylated on serine in vivo and that phosphorylation on tyrosine can be induced by stimulation with CSF-1. We studied the phosphorylation of the CSF-1 receptor by using the BAC1.2F5 murine macrophage cell line, which naturally expresses CSF-1 receptors. Two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping showed that the CSF-1 receptor is phosphorylated on several different serine residues in vivo. Stimulation with CSF-1 at 37 degrees C resulted in rapid phosphorylation on tyrosine at one major site and one or two minor sites. We identified the major site as Tyr-706. The identity of Tyr-706 was confirmed by mutagenesis. This residue is located within the kinase insert domain. There was no evidence that Tyr-973 (equivalent to Tyr-969 in the human CSF-1 receptor) was phosphorylated following CSF-1 stimulation. When cells were stimulated with CSF-1 at 4 degrees C, additional phosphotyrosine-containing phosphopeptides were detected and the level of phosphorylation of the individual phosphotyrosine-containing phosphopeptides was substantially increased. In addition, we show that CSF-1 receptors are capable of autophosphorylation at six to eight major sites in vitro.
Complex effects of different green tea catechins on human platelets (2003)

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, has been previously shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. The effects of other green tea catechins on platelet function are not known. Pre-incubation with EGCG concentration-dependently inhibited thrombin-induced aggregation and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2. In contrast EGCG stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet proteins, including Syk and SLP-76 but inhibited phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. Other catechins did not inhibit platelet aggregation. Interestingly, when EGCG was added to stirred platelets, a tyrosine kinase-dependent stimulation of platelet aggregation was observed. The two other catechins containing a galloyl group in the 3' position (catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate) also stimulated platelet aggregation, while catechins without a galloyl group (catechin, epicatechin) or the catechin with a galloyl group in the 2' position (epigallocatechin) did not.
HARMONY AND CONFLICT BETWEEN MANKIND AND ANIMALS --A Travelodge in the ＂No-man＇s Land＂ of North Tibet (2011)

In recent years,improvements in the eco-environment have made possible the recovery of biological diversity amongst living things in the uninhabited area of north Tibet where uncountable numbers of living beings are thriving.Changtang,the nature Preserve,now includes over 1000 different species.
MH60S/R Helicopter Crew Trainer: Via a Variety of Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Technologies. (2007)

Stottler Henke, in conjunction with the US Navy, has developed and deployed a flexible, low-cost PChosted desktop crew trainer for the Navy’s new MH-60S and MH-60R helicopters: Operator Machine Interface Assistant (OMIA). OMIA is currently in use by HSC-2, HSC-3 and HSM-41. This paper emphasizes some of the flexible, low-cost, rapid development methods used to reach the present deployment and are allowing for the continued flexible, low-cost, and rapid evolution of OMIA to meet evolving Navy needs. These methods include re-use of COTS software, design for evolving COTS hardware/software, and design for evolving requirements. In addition to many COTS solutions, some proprietary software was built. COTS software utilization includes the integration of MicrosoftTM Flight Simulator for many aviation aspects of OMIA, and the use of twoand threedimensional COTS libraries to develop the user interface and cockpit. The foundation that permits the flexible and rapid use of different components is the underlying design for evolving requirements. The flexible design for evolving requirements is necessary because the Common Cockpit has and continues to evolve. The flexible design allows OMIA to work with and control MicrosoftTM Flight Simulator when it is available, to use COTS and/or custom hardware when attached, and to still function as a complete standalone application. Continuing enhancements of the trainer are allowing it to teach an increasingly broad variety of aviation and mission tasks; for example, OMIA software driving the MH-60S Mission Avionics Systems Trainer (MAST).
Effects of antisense epidermal growth factor and its receptor retroviral expression vectors on cell growth of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line. (1995)

A 150 bp epidermal growth factor (EGF) cDNA fragment and a 1024 bp epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cDNA fragment were inserted into 5.05 kb pBabe-puro retroviral vectors between BamH I and EcoR I sites in 3'-5' and/or 5'-3' orientation. The vectors were ligated with EGF and EGFR fragments by T-4 Ligase. The recombinant retroviral vectors were then packaged with packaging cell line PA317 through calcium phosphate mediated transfection. The viral supernatant of transfected PA317 cell lines were used to infect the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PC-7. The resultant transformant cell lines: PC-7/AS-EGF, PC-7/S-EGFR, PC-7/AS-EGFR and PC-7/pBabe were tested for their endogenous EGF and EGFR mRNA expressions, cell growth rate, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. The results showed that there were noticeable inhibitions of cell growth, 3H-TdR incorporation rate, soft agar colony formation and tumorigenicity in nude mice in PC-7/AS-EGF and PC-7/AS-EGFR transformant cell lines. The endogenous EGF mRNA expression was blocked in PC-7/AS-EGF cell line and the endogenous EGFR mRNA was significantly down-regulated in PC-7/AS-EGFR cell line.
Mutation Typing Using Electrophoresis and Gel-Immobilized Acrydite TM Probes (1998)

A new electrophoresis technology for hybridization-based sequence detection and mutation typing is described. Intrinsic to this approach is copolymerization of specially modified oligonucleotide probes directly into polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis of single-stranded samples through gels containing specific immobilized probes results in hybridization-mediated capture of complementary targets. By increasing gel temperature or including denaturants in the buffer, the method can be used to type single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The method can easily be adapted to type mutations in PCR-amplified samples. Acrydite gel technology will also be useful for many other applications, including hybridization-based diagnostics, analysis of gene expression and purification of nucleic acids from biological samples.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor May Contribute to Increased Vascular Permeability in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2001)

The development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is a characteristic feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) would play an important role in this process. Plasma VEGF was measured in 40 patients with ARDS, 28 at-risk patients, 14 normal control subjects, and 9 ventilated control subjects. Cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) supernatant VEGF was measured in 21 patients with ARDS and 12 at-risk patients, respectively. The functional importance of VEGF as a mediator of endothelial permeability was assessed by measuring albumin flux across human pulmonary endothelial cell monolayers. Plasma VEGF was significantly elevated in patients with ARDS compared with at-risk patients, normal control subjects, and ventilated control subjects (p = 0.01, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.002, respectively). PBM from patients with ARDS produced significantly more VEGF in vitro than at-risk patients (p = 0.05). Albumin flux across human pulmonary endothelial cell monolayers was significantly increased following the addition of plasma from patients with ARDS compared with plasma from normal control subjects (p = 0.008). When VEGF activity in plasma was neutralized by the addition of a soluble VEGF inhibitor, the albumin flux induced by ARDS plasma was reduced by 48%. We conclude that VEGF makes a significant contribution to the endothelial cell permeability-inducing activity in plasma from patients with ARDS, and may play an important role in the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in ARDS.
DNA Fingerprinting in Plants (2005)

Given the explosive development of new molecular marker techniques over the last decade, newcomers and experts alike in the field of DNA fingerprinting will find an easy-to-follow guide to the multitude of techniques available in DNA Fingerprinting in Plants: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Along with step-by-step annotated p
A Short-Term Study of Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody cA2 to Tumor Necrosis Factor α for Crohn's Disease (1997)

A single infusion of cA2 was an effective short-term treatment in many patients with moderate-to-severe, treatment-resistant Crohn's disease.
Mutants of Arabidopsis deficient in the synthesis of alpha-linolenate. Biochemical and genetic characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum linoleoyl desaturase (1993)

The overall fatty compositions of leaf and root lipids from a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana were characterized by reduced levels of linolenate (18:3) and correspondingly elevated levels of linoleate (18:2) as a consequence of a single nuclear mutation at the fad3 locus. Comparison of the fatty acid compositions of individual lipids from wild type and mutant plants showed that chloroplast lipids were largely unaffected by the mutation, whereas each of the phospholipids synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum in the mutant exhibited a marked reduction in the proportion of 18:3 relative to wild type. These and other results indicate that the fad3 mutants are deficient in the activity of an endoplasmic reticulum 18:2 desaturase. In root tissues, this enzyme appears to account for over 80% of the 18:3 present. However, in young leaves of the mutant, phosphatidylcholine (the major phospholipid) contains 16% 18:3 compared with 29% in the wild type, and the proportion of 18:3 in this lipid increases with plant age in both wild type and mutant plants. These results reflect an exchange of lipid between the chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum that allows the chloroplast desaturases to provide highly unsaturated lipids to the extrachloroplast membranes of leaf cells.
Rapid Quantitative Enrichment of Carnosic Acid from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by Isoelectric Focused Adsorptive Bubble Chromatography (2003)

For the first time, the potent but unstable antioxidative diterpene carnosic acid could be enriched from an aqueous extract of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by isoelectric focused adsorptive bubble chromatography. Enrichment of carnosic acid in the foam was influenced by the pH value and the flow rate of the foam-forming gas. Efficiency was highest with diluted samples at pH 4. Under these conditions, the conversion of carnosic acid to carnosol was negligible. Transfer of carnosic acid to the foam from a standard solution in the presence of saponin as surfactive substance was similar to that from the aqueous rosemary extract.