gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoform-Selective Susceptibility of DISC1/Phosphodiesterase-4 Complexes to Dissociation by Elevated Intracellular cAMP Levels (2007)

Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a genetic susceptibility factor for schizophrenia and related severe psychiatric conditions. DISC1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein that is able to interact with several proteins, including the independently identified schizophrenia risk factor phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B). Here we report that the 100 kDa full-length DISC1 isoform (fl-DISC1) can bind members of each of the four gene, cAMP-specific PDE4 family. Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, so as to activate protein kinase A, caused the release of PDE4D3 and PDE4C2 isoforms from fl-DISC1 while not affecting binding of PDE4B1 and PDE4A5 isoforms. Using a peptide array strategy, we show that PDE4D3 binds fl-DISC1 through two regions found in common with PDE4B isoforms, the interaction of which is supplemented because of the presence of additional PDE4B-specific binding sites. We propose that the additional binding sites found in PDE4B1 underpin its resistance to release during cAMP elevation. We identify, for the first time, a functional distinction between the 100 kDa long DISC1 isoform and the short 71 kDa isoform. Thus, changes in the expression pattern of DISC1 and PDE4 isoforms offers a means to reprogram their interaction and to determine whether the PDE4 sequestered by DISC1 is released after cAMP elevation. The PDE4B-specific binding sites encompass point mutations in mouse Disc1 that confer phenotypes related to schizophrenia and depression and that affect binding to PDE4B. Thus, genetic variation in DISC1 and PDE4 that influence either isoform expression or docking site functioning may directly affect psychopathology.
Comparison of rapid tests for assessing UHT milk sterility (1990)

Samples of UHT milk were contaminated at two levels (10(2) and 10(4) cfu/ml) with 52 bacterial strains associated with spoilage. Samples were assayed, using various tests, to determine efficiency in detecting non-sterility after an incubation period shorter than that advised in standard procedures. The tests performed were colony count, titratable acidity and pH modification, organoleptic assessment, stability towards ethanol (68, 80 and 88% v/v), resazurin and nitrate reduction. After 3 d incubation at 30 degrees C every case was detected by the resazurin test with a good statistical probability (P = 0 x 999). Reliability was not so high in all other tests, even after 14 d incubation.
Functional Aptamers and Aptazymes in Biotechnology, Diagnostics, and Therapy (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional Aptamers and Aptazymes in Biotechnology, Diagnostics, and TherapyMichael Famulok, Jörg S. Hartig, and Günter MayerView Author Information LIMES Institute, Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Gerhard Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 9, 3715–3743Publication Date (Web):August 23, 2007Publication History Received28 March 2007Published online23 August 2007Published inissue 1 September 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0306743https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0306743research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10028Altmetric-Citations756LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Genetics,Molecules,Nucleic acids,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Base and Sugar Requirements for RNA Cleavage of Essential Nucleoside Residues in Internal Loop B of the Hairpin Ribozyme: Implications for Secondary Structure (1996)

The hairpin ribozyme is a small self-cleaving RNA that can be engineered for RNA cleavage in trans and has potential as a therapeutic agent. We have used a chemical synthesis approach to study the requirements of hairpin RNA cleavage for sugar and base moieties in residues of internal loop B, an essential region in one of the two ribozyme domains. Individual nucleosides were substituted by either a 2′-deoxy-nucleoside, an abasic residue, or a C3-spacer (propyl linker) and the abilities of the modified ribozymes to cleave an RNA substrate were studied in comparison with the wild-type ribozyme. From these results, together with previous studies, we propose a new model for the potential secondary structure of internal loop B of the hairpin ribozyme.
Bartonella -associated endothelial proliferation depends on inhibition of apoptosis (2002)

Bartonella is a Gram-negative pathogen that is unique among bacteria in being able to induce angioproliferative lesions. Cultured human endothelial cells have provided an in vitro system in which to study the basis of angioproliferation. Previous studies have attributed the organism's ability to induce angioproliferative lesions to direct mitotic stimulation of endothelial cells by these bacteria. Here we show that Bartonella inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro, and that its ability to stimulate proliferation of endothelial cells depends to a large extent on its antiapoptotic activity. Bartonella suppresses both early and late events in apoptosis, namely caspase activation and DNA fragmentation, respectively. Its ability to inhibit death of endothelial cells after serum starvation can be recapitulated by media conditioned by bacteria, indicating that direct cell contact is not necessary. Among tested strains, the activity is produced only by Bartonella species that are significant human pathogens and are associated with angioproliferative lesions. We suggest that endothelial cells normally respond to infection by undergoing apoptosis and that Bartonella evolved the antiapoptotic activity to enhance survival of the host cells and therefore itself. We propose that Bartonella's antiapoptotic mechanism accounts at least in part for its ability to induce vascular proliferation in vivo.
Cellular Role of Yeast Apnl Apurinic Endonuclease/3′-Diesterase: Repair of Oxidative and Alkylation DNA Damage and Control of Spontaneous Mutation (1991)

The APN1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the major apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and 3'-repair DNA diesterase in yeast cell extracts. The Apn1 protein is a homolog of Escherichia coli endonuclease IV, which functions in the repair of some oxidative and alkylation damages in that organism. We show here that yeast strains lacking Apn1 (generated by targeted gene disruption or deletion-replacement) are hypersensitive to both oxidative (hydrogen peroxide and t-butylhydroperoxide) and alkylating (methyl- and ethylmethane sulfonate) agents that damage DNA. These cellular hypersensitivities are correlated with the accumulation of unrepaired damages in the chromosomal DNA of apn1 mutant yeast cells. Hydrogen peroxide-treated APN1+ but not apn1 mutant cells regenerate high-molecular-weight DNA efficiently after the treatment. The DNA strand breaks that accumulate in the Apn1-deficient mutant contain lesions that block the action of DNA polymerase but can be removed in vitro by purified Apn1. An analogous result with DNA from methylmethane sulfonate-treated cells corresponded to the accumulation of unrepaired DNA apurinic sites in the apn1 mutant cells. The rate of spontaneous mutation in apn1 mutant S. cerevisiae was 6- to 12-fold higher than that measured for wild-type yeast cells. This increase indicates that under normal growth conditions, the production of DNA damages that are targets for Apn1 is substantial and that such lesions can be mutagenic when left unrepaired.
Immunodominance: intramolecular competition between T cell epitopes (1991)

We have used an approach of linking previously characterized T cell epitopes into immunologically complex synthetic peptides in order to investigate the mechanism of immunodominance. Our results show that first, cI12-26 is highly dominant following immunization with the lambda repressor (cI) protein, but is a minor epitope in the context of the cI:NP peptide. In contrast, the dominant epitope in response to the cI:NP peptide is a new junctional epitope, which is composed of sequences derived from both the cI and influenza nucleoprotein (NP) segments of the composite peptide. Second, T cell recognition of cI:NP is not significantly altered by Ag processing, based on results from glutaraldehyde-fixed APC. Third, the relative affinities of cI and cI:NP for MHC binding are similar, based on in vitro competition, excluding competition at the level of MHC binding as the determinant of immunodominance. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that immunodominance of cI:NP is determined by peptide conformation, which affects the configuration of peptide binding to MHC, thus altering T cell recognition. In conclusion, immunodominance is not simply a function of the primary amino acid sequence, but is a function of the context of the epitope within the protein molecule.
Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure (1999)

Systematic chemical studies indicate that the capability of Watson-Crick base-pairing is widespread among potentially natural nucleic acid alternatives taken from RNA's close structural neighborhood. A comparison of RNA and such alternatives with regard to chemical properties that are fundamental to the biological function of RNA provides chemical facts that may contain clues to RNA's origin.
Quality of service in third-generation IP-based radio access networks (2002)

Currently, the radio access network (RAN) in code division multiple access (CDMA)-based third-generation (3G) technologies (CDMA2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service [UMTS]) is based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). By using the quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees provided by ATM technology, these 3G systems can efficiently transport time-sensitive user traffic to different network elements. An effort is currently under way in several wireless standards bodies to convert this connection-oriented ATM-based RAN to a connectionless Internet protocol (IP) network. Such a migration would converge the core and radio access networks and hence yield cost savings and ease of maintenance. It is also apparent that such a migration imposes new challenges to be solved on the QoS front since IP is, predominantly, a best-effort transport mechanism. In this paper, we explore the QoS support provided by 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) standards and discuss several possibilities for using IP transport without degrading the QoS experienced by different traffic types. We provide a detailed description on the DiffServ approach and how it can be used together with multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology to provide the QoS guarantees in an IP-based RAN. Finally, we briefly describe how the QoS framework discussed for CDMA2000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> can be applied to UMTS based networks.
Preclinical trials with combinations and conjugates of T101 monoclonal antibody and doxorubicin. (1986)

We investigated the potential for additive therapy for malignancy using an anti-human T-cell monoclonal antibody, T101, and the chemotherapy agent doxorubicin (DOX). We compared the efficacy of T101 alone, DOX alone, T101 and DOX covalently linked to dextran to form an immunoconjugate, T101 plus DOX mixed together and injected, T101 and DOX injected separately, and nonspecific murine IgG2A plus DOX mixed together. Inhibition of [3H]thymidine was examined in vitro, and the clinical efficacy of each treatment was tested on human T-cell tumors growing in athymic mice. In vitro experiments confirmed retention of immunoreactivity and cytotoxicity by the immunoconjugate, but it was not superior to DOX alone. In efficacy experiments, all therapeutic arms were superior to placebo treatment (P less than 0.05). However, the best results in the animal tumor model were obtained with T101 mixed with DOX, perhaps because of formation of weak complexes via hydrophobic bonds. This mixture was superior to all other treatments, both by growth curve analysis (P less than 0.05) and by analysis of complete regression of tumor (P less than 0.01). T101 mixed with DOX was superior to a mixture of nonspecific mouse immunoglobulin and DOX and superior to a combination of T101 injected i.v. and DOX injected i.p. The antitumor effect of T101 mixed with DOX was blocked by premodulating the target antigen with T101. These data suggest that further exploration into monoclonal antibody-anthracycline complexes is warranted.
Wnt gene expression in human trabecular meshwork cells. (2010)

Genes related to canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways are expressed in human TM cells. It appears that all three Wnt pathways are operative in the TM system. Oxidative stress, while thought to play a role in the development of glaucoma, had little effect on the Wnt activity in TM cells.
Developments in hydrocarbon fluids for high temperature fracturing (1978)

Fracture stimulation using liquid hydrocarbon fluids such as crude oils, condensates, and refined oils has been a common practice since the first fracturing treatment was performed. However, until recently the use of a hydrocarbon fluid for proppant transport in treatments where the fluid is exposed to temperatures exceeding 225/sup 0/F (107/sup 0/C) has been limited by fluid viscosity instability. This problem has been magnified by restrictions on the maximum fluid viscosity which can be conveniently and safely handled and pumped on the surface. A fracturing process is described wherein viscosity stabilizing additives are incorporated in a hydrocarbon fluid to provide adequate viscosity stability at elevated temperatures. The process utilizes a combination of chemicals which serve to initially thicken (gel) the hydrocarbon fluid on the surface, and a delayed thickener which provides additional viscosity down hole during the fracturing operation. These additives provide excellent frictional drag reduction in tubular conductors and, therefore, reduce friction pressure and horsepower requirements to perform the fracturing treatment. A theoretical discussion of the chemicals required to perform the fracturing operation is included. (13 refs.)
Polyacrylonitrile Distribution in Grafted Starch Granules Determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (1973)

Abstract The location of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) within the starch granule matrix was determined for‐two wheat starch‐PAN graft copolymers which contained 22% and 44% grafted PAN. Granules of graft copolymer (which closely resembled ungrafted starch in appearance) were fractured by ballmilling. The milled copolymer was then heated under reflux in dilute hydrochloric acid to remove the starch moiety, and the fracture surfaces in the remaining PAN (which was inert to these conditions) were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Areas in the grafted granules which contained little or no PAN thus appeared as voids in the fracture surfaces. Micrographs suggested that granules of low add‐on graft copolymer were largely surface grafted. In the higher add‐on product, grafting had taken place throughout most of the granule interior; however, small areas in the centers of some granules still contained little or no PAN.
Detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction (1994)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed that was capable of detecting a wide range of medically important fungi from clinical specimens. The primer pair was designed in conserved sequences of 18S-ribosomal RNA genes shared by most fungi. The lower limit of detection of this PCR technique was 1 pg of Candida albicans genomic DNA by ethidium bromide staining and 100 fg after Southern analysis. A 687-bp product was amplified successfully by PCR from all 78 strains of 25 medically important fungal species studies, including Candida spp., Hansenula spp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon beigelii, Malassezia furfur, Pneumocystis carinii, Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp., but not from any strains of Mucor spp., Escherichia coli, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), calf thymus or human placenta. This specificity was subsequently confirmed by Southern analysis. PCR analysis of blood specimens collected from mice systemically infected with C. albicans and clinical samples including blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum appeared to be a more sensitive diagnostic method for invasive fungal infections than a conventional blood culture technique.
Cyclic voltammetric studies of copper complexes catalyzing atom transfer radical polymerization (2000)

Several copper complexes used successfully as the catalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were studied by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile. These complexes include CuBr or CuCl complexed by 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), 4,4′-di(5-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (dNbpy), 4,4′-di(n-nonyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (dnNbpy), N,N,-N ′,N ″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), N,- N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)octylamine (BPMOA), N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)octadecylamine (BPMODA), tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (TPMA) and tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN), respectively. It was found that the E1/2 value for the redox couple CuI/CuII strongly depends on the nature of the ligand and the halogen. As the number of coordination sites of the ligand increases, the reducing power of the corresponding Cu(I) complex also increases. With the same ligand, CuCl complexes usually have a lower redox potential than CuBr complexes. These general trends agree with the kinetic features of ATRP catalyzed by the corresponding complex, and a correlation between the redox potential and the apparent equilibrium constant of ATRP for methacrylate was observed. The possibility of using electrochemistry as a screening method for selecting ATRP catalysts is therefore further discussed.
Time‐lens based hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging and quantitative spectral analysis (2013)

We demonstrate a hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope through spectral-transformed excitation. The 1064 nm Stokes pulse was from a synchronized time-lens source, generated through time-domain phase modulation of a continuous wave (CW) laser. The tunable pump pulse was from linear spectral filtering of a femtosecond laser output with an intra-pulse spectral scanning pulse shaper. By electronically modulating the time-lens source at 2.29 MHz, hyperspectral stimulated Raman loss (SRL) images were obtained on a laser-scanning microscope. Using this microscope, DMSO in aqueous solution with a concentration down to 28 mM could be detected at 2 μs time constant. Hyperspectral SRL images of prostate cancer cells were obtained. Multivariate curve resolution analysis was further applied to decompose the SRL images into concentration maps of CH₂ and CH₃ bonds. This method offers exciting potential in label-free imaging of live cells using fingerprint Raman bands.
The regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling pathways by growth factor and G-protein-coupled receptors (1995)

Research Article| July 15 1995 The regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling pathways by growth factor and G-protein-coupled receptors K Malarkey; K Malarkey 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C M Belham; C M Belham 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Paul; A Paul 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A Graham; A Graham 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A McLees; A McLees 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P H Scott; P H Scott 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R Plevin R Plevin 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, 204 George Street, Glasgow Gl1 XW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1995) 309 (2): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3090361 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation K Malarkey, C M Belham, A Paul, A Graham, A McLees, P H Scott, R Plevin; The regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling pathways by growth factor and G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem J 15 July 1995; 309 (2): 361–375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3090361 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 The Biochemical Society, London1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Quantitative Analysis and Optimization of Gravure Printed Metal Ink, Dielectric, and Organic Semiconductor Films (2015)

Here we demonstrate the optimization of gravure printed metal ink, dielectric, and semiconductor formulations. We present a technique for nondestructively imaging printed films using a commercially available flatbed scanner, combined with image analysis to quantify print behavior. Print speed, cliché screen density, nip pressure, the orientation of print structures, and doctor blade extension were found to have a significant impact on the quality of printed films, as characterized by the spreading of printed structures and variation in print homogeneity. Organic semiconductor prints were observed to exhibit multiple periodic modulations, which are correlated to the underlying cell structure.