gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speed of Sound-Based Capnographic Sensor With Second-Generation CNN for Automated Classification of Cardiorespiratory Abnormalities (2019)

The measurement of carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) concentration in exhaled air can be used as a diagnostic tool for many pulmonary and respiratory diseases. Capnography, the waveform that tracks the amount of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in exhaled air, reflects the physiological and anatomical conditions of the human body. In this paper, we propose a novel speed of sound-based capnographic sensing mechanism for measuring the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration in the exhaled air. The sensor response is further classified using our proposed second-generation convolutional neural network with SVM architecture. Automated quantitative analysis to differentiate between healthy subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), between healthy and congestive heart failure (CHF), and between COPD and CHF has been implemented. The classification was performed on both the signal acquired using the developed hardware and the signal from the capnobase dataset. Furthermore, the experimental results were clinically validated. The proposed method yields an accuracy of 95.16%, 87.55%, and 90.19% for COPD/Healthy, CHF/Healthy, and COPD/CHF classifications, respectively. The development of a non-invasive, low cost, and small size sensor for capnography can extend the use of capnography from intubated patients to pre-hospital applications. Lower computation time and better accuracy achieved depict the effectiveness of the proposed method to be used in real-time diagnosis of cardiorespiratory diseases.
Testing Techniques for Hardware Security (2008)

System security has emerged as a premier design requirement. While there has been an enormous body of impressive work on testing integrated circuits (ICs) desiderata such as manufacturing correctness, delay, and power, there is no reported effort to systematically test IC security in hardware. Our goal is to provide an impetus for this line of research and development by introducing techniques and methodology for rigorous testing of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Recently, PUFs received a great deal of attention as security mechanisms due to their flexibility to form numerous security protocols and intrinsic resiliency against physical and side channels attacks. We study three classes of PUFs properties to design pertinent test methods: (i) predictability, (ii) sensitivity to component accuracy, and (iii) susceptibility to reverse engineering. As our case studies, we analyze two popular PUF structures, linear and feed-forward, and show that their security is not adequate from several points of view. The technical highlights of the paper are the first non-destructive technique for PUF reverse engineering and a new PUF structure that is capable of passing our security tests.
Fuzzy cluster analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories (1992)

We propose fuzzy clustering as a method to analyze molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, especially of proteins and polypeptides. A fuzzy cluster analysis locates classes of similar three-dimensional conformations explored during a molecular dynamics simulation. The method can be readily applied to results from both equilibrium and nonequilibrium simulations, with clustering on either global or local structural parameters. The potential of this technique is illustrated by results from fuzzy cluster analyses of trajectories from MD simulations of various fragments of human parathyroid hormone (PTH). For large molecules, it is more efficient to analyze the clustering of root-mean-square distances between conformations comprising the trajectory. We found that the results of the clustering analysis were unambiguous, in terms of the optimal number of clusters of conformations, for the majority of the trajectories examined. The conformation closest to the cluster center can be chosen as being representative of the class of structures making up the cluster, and can be further analyzed, for example, in terms of its secondary structure. The CPU time used by the cluster analysis was negligible compared to the MD simulation time.
Selective Removal of Cs+, Sr2+, and Ni2+ by K2xMgxSn3–xS6 (x = 0.5–1) (KMS-2) Relevant to Nuclear Waste Remediation (2013)

137Cs and 90Sr, both byproducts of the uranium and plutonium fission processes, make up the majority of high-level waste from nuclear power plants. 63Ni is a byproduct of the erosion-corrosion process of the reactor components in nuclear energy plants. The concentrations of these ions in solution determine the Waste Class (A, B, or C); thus, their selective removal in the presence of large excesses of nonradioactive ions is necessary to reduce waste volume and cut disposal costs. We report the new material K2xMgxSn3–xS6 (x = 0.5–1, KMS-2) and its application for the ion exchange of Cs+, Sr2+, and Ni2+ in varying conditions. This compound crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc with cell parameters a = b = 3.6749(8) Å and c = 16.827(4) Å. The difference in crystal structure between KMS-2, the previously reported Mn analog K2xMnxSn3–xS6 (KMS-1), and their parent SnS2 is also described. Distribution coefficients for KMS-2 are high for Cs+ (7.1 × 103 mL/g) and Sr2+ (2.1 × 104 mL/g) at neutral pH (∼ 6 ppm, V/m ∼1000 mL/g). We also report on the comparative study of Ni2+ ion exchange with both KMS-1 and KMS-2. Additional competitive reactions using Cs+, Sr2+, and Ni2+ in high concentrations of salt solution and at different pH values are reported.
Long‐Term Treatment With Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Exerts No Antibacterial Effect on the Subgingival Microflora Associated With Adult Periodontitis (2000)

The microbial differences observed were attributed to the anticollagenase and anti-inflammatory properties of SDD and not to an antimicrobial effect.
A Review on Established and Emerging Fermentation Schemes for Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Biopolyesters (2018)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial biopolyesters utilized as “green plastics”. Their production under controlled conditions resorts to bioreactors operated in different modes. Because PHA biosynthesis constitutes a multiphase process, both feeding strategy and bioreactor operation mode need smart adaptation. Traditional PHA production setups based on batch, repeated batch, fed-batch or cyclic fed-batch processes are often limited in productivity, or display insufficient controllability of polyester composition. For highly diluted substrate streams like is the case of (agro) industrial waste streams, fed-batch enhanced by cell recycling has recently been reported as a viable tool to increase volumetric productivity. As an emerging trend, continuous fermentation processes in single-, two- and multi-stage setups are reported, which bring the kinetics of both microbial growth and PHA accumulation into agreement with process engineering and allow tailoring PHA’s molecular structure. Moreover, we currently witness an increasing number of CO2-based PHA production processes using cyanobacteria; these light-driven processes resort to photobioreactors similar to those used for microalgae cultivation and can be operated both discontinuously and continuously. This development is parallel to the emerging use of methane and syngas as abundantly available gaseous substrates, which also calls for bioreactor systems with optimized gas transfer. The review sheds light on the challenges of diverse PHA production processes in different bioreactor types and operational regimes using miscellaneous microbial production strains such as extremophilic Archaea, chemoheterotrophic eubacteria and phototrophic cyanobacteria. Particular emphasis is dedicated to the limitations and promises of different bioreactor–strain combinations and to efforts devoted to upscaling these processes to industrially relevant scales.
Development of a Rapid and Sensitive Immunofluorometric Assay for Glutathione S-Transferase A (2001)

This report describes a new assay for monitoring the concentrations of GSTAs in human serum. The method may be useful in further evaluating the potential of monitoring serum GSTAs in the routine clinical setting.
An approach to the multifunction graphic terminal for the ISDN environment (1989)

The authors describe the current environment of ISDN-like services or trials and predict a likely and promising service menu, based on two years of experience monitoring the INS model system and commercial service in Japan. They propose the integration of various terminal functions into six categories of multifunction terminals that handle voice, data, graphics, and video signals and that could meet the needs of ISDN customers. They describe a prototypical multifunction graphic terminal and the communication services, that it must support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photochemical transformations of small ring carbonyl compounds. 101. Migratory aptitude studies in the photochemical rearrangement of 2(5H)-furanones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical transformations of small ring carbonyl compounds. 101. Migratory aptitude studies in the photochemical rearrangement of 2(5H)-furanonesAlbert Padwa, Todd Brookhart, David Dehm, and Gene WubbelsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 26, 8247–8259Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00494a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00494a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atomic force microscopy of reovirus dsRNA: a routine technique for length measurements (1992)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image reovirus double stranded RNA (dsRNA) deposited from diluted buffer solution onto a chemically treated mica surface. This procedure allows AFM images of dsRNA molecules to be obtained with a quality close to that obtained with conventional electron microscopy. The length of the molecules were measured directly on a computer display using the digitally acquired images. The lengths of the molecules varied between 0.2 and 1.8 microns. Statistical analysis showed a multimodal distribution with clear maxima at 0.4, 0.65 and 1.05 microns. These data are in a good agreement with those obtained by electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis.
CCR2+ and CCR5+ CD8+ T cells increase during viral infection and migrate to sites of infection (2000)

Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in the selective recruitment of various leukocyte subsets. In this study, we correlated the expression of multiple chemokine and CC chemokine receptor (CCR) genes during the course of intracerebral (i.c.) infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which are prototypic of a noncytopathic and a cytopathic virus, respectively. Infection of mice with either virus resulted in rapid activation and overlapping cerebral expression of a number of chemokine genes. Infection with VSV i.c. causes a rapidly lethal, T cell-independent encephalitis, and infection resulted in a dramatic early up-regulation of chemokine gene expression. Similar marked up-regulation of chemokine expression was not seen until late after LCMV infection and required the presence of activated T cells. Cerebral CCR gene expression was dominated by CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5. However, despite a stronger initial chemokine signal in VSV-infected mice, only LCMV-induced T cell-dependent inflammation was found to be associated with substantially increased expression of CCR genes. Virus-activated CD8+ T cells were found to express CCR2 and CCR5, whereas activated monocytes/macrophages expressed CCR1 in addition to CCR2 and CCR5. Together, these CCR profiles readily account for the CCR profile prominent during CD8+-dependent CNS inflammation.
AON-mediated Exon Skipping Restores Ciliation in Fibroblasts Harboring the Common Leber Congenital Amaurosis CEP290 Mutation (2012)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe hereditary retinal dystrophy responsible for congenital or early-onset blindness. The most common disease-causing mutation (>10%) is located deep in intron 26 of the CEP290 gene (c.2991+1655A>G). It creates a strong splice donor site that leads to insertion of a cryptic exon encoding a premature stop codon. In the present study, we show that the use of antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) allow an efficient skipping of the mutant cryptic exon and the restoration of ciliation in fibroblasts of affected patients. These data support the feasibility of an AON-mediated exon skipping strategy to correct the aberrant splicing.
Altered cell cycle regulation in the lens of HPV-16 E6 or E7 transgenic mice: implications for tumor suppressor gene function in development. (1994)

Tumor suppressor proteins are believed to play a role in regulating cell cycle control during mammalian development. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins from human papillomavirus type 16 are known to affect cell growth control, at least in part, through their inactivation of cellular tumor suppressor gene products, p53 and Rb, respectively. Therefore, these viral proteins can serve as trans-dominant repressors of tumor suppressor gene function. To study the potential role of p53 and Rb in murine lens morphogenesis, we generated transgenic mice in which the expression of E6 or E7 was directed to the developing lens. Transgenic mice expressing E7 exhibited microphthalmia and cataracts, whereas transgenic mice expressing E6 exhibited cataracts without noticeable microphthalmia. Microscopic analysis of the lenses from neonatal and adult E7 transgenic mice revealed inhibition of lens fiber cell differentiation, induction of cell proliferation in spatially inappropriate regions of the lens, and apoptosis. Transgenic mice expressing a mutant E7 that is defective in Rb/p107 binding exhibited normal eyes, suggesting that the activity of Rb and/or Rb-like proteins is required for the perturbation of lens development and induction of apoptosis in E7 mice. Microscopic analysis of lenses from E6 neonatal and adult transgenic mice indicated the presence of nuclei in elongated fiber cells, suggesting that E6 inhibits lens fiber cell denucleation. Furthermore, expression of E6 inhibited the apoptotic-like DNA degradation observed in the lenses of nontransgenic 15.5-day embryos. In lenses from neonatal E6 x E7 double transgenic mice, the level of apoptosis was reduced compared with that seen in lenses from neonatal E7 mice. In adults E6 x E7 double transgenic mice, lens tumors developed, whereas in E6 or E7 only transgenic mice, tumors did not. Taken together, these results point to specific roles in lens morphogenesis for Rb and p53 and to the necessity of these tumor suppressor gene products in regulating exit from the normal cell division cycle in differentiating lens fiber cells.
DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (2003)

Analysis results and graphical displays remain dynamically linked to primary data and external data repositories, thereby furnishing in-depth as well as broad-based data coverage. The functionality provided by DAVID accelerates the analysis of genome-scale datasets by facilitating the transition from data collection to biological meaning.
Oxidized Transthyretin in Amniotic Fluid as an Early Marker of Preeclampsia (2006)

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. At the present time, no reliable screening tests to identify women at risk are available. We have compared the amniotic fluids (AF) proteomic maps of five preeclamptic patients with those of five controls. The analysis was carried out by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by peptide mapping and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Besides the implementation of the previously published AF proteomic maps, our results show that transthyretin (TTR), the protein responsible for transporting both the thyroid hormone tyroxine and the retinol binding protein, is present in the AF of both preeclamptic and control women as a mixture of dimeric and post-translationally modified monomeric forms. Although the nature of these forms is similar in both groups, the preeclamptic women showed a significant increase in the amount of monomeric proteins with respect to the control group. Since the TTR monomeric forms are the results of different oxidizing reactions, we hypothesize that the higher oxidative stress in preeclampsia is the major destabilizing factor of the TTR functional dimeric form in the preeclamptic women.
Osteoimmunology: the expanding role of immunoreceptors in osteoclasts and bone remodeling (2012)

The study of bone and immunology (termed osteoimmunology) has led to the discovery of many important similarities between the two systems including shared niches, mechanisms, cytokines and receptors. The bone marrow provides a niche for hematopoietic cells including those of the lymphoid and myeloid lineage. Osteoclasts, specialized polykarons arising from myeloid precursors, bind to bone and resorb the organic and inorganic components through secretion of acid and proteases. Osteoclasts are differentiated and activated by cytokines that can be produced by immune cells and osteoclast activity can be dysregulated in states of autoimmunity or high inflammation. Similar to B and T cells, osteoclasts require coordinated co-stimulation of signaling pathways provided in the form of receptor-associated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif adaptor proteins, DAP12 and FcRγ, to drive differentiation and activation. In this review, we will cover the differentiation process of osteoclasts from the earliest precursors shown to have differentiation potential and the signals needed to drive these cells into osteoclast commitment and activation.
Design, integration and implementation of the DySER hardware accelerator into OpenSPARC (2012)

Accelerators and specialization in various forms are emerging as a way to increase processor performance. Examples include Navigo, Conservation-Cores, BERET, and DySER. While each of these employ different primitives and principles to achieve specialization, they share some common concerns with regards to implementation. Two of these concerns are: how to integrate them with a commercial processor and how to develop their compiler toolchain. This paper undertakes an implementation study of one design point: integration of DySER into OpenSPARC, a design we call OpenSPlySER. We report on our implementation exercise and quantitative results, and conclude with a set of our lessons learned. We demonstrate that DySER delivers on its goal of providing a non-intrusive accelerator design. OpenSPlySERruns on an Virtex-5 FPGA, boots unmodified Linux, and runs most of the SPECINT benchmarks with our compiler. Due to physical design constraints, speedups on full benchmarks are modest for the FPGA prototype. On targeted microbenchmarks, OpenSPlySER delivers up to a 31-fold speedup over the baseline OpenSPARC. We conclude with some lessons learned from this somewhat unique exercise of significantly modifying a commercial processor. To the best of our knowledge, this work is one of the most ambitious extensions of OpenSPARC.
Novelp-Toluenesulfonylation and Thionocarbonylation of Unprotected Thymine Nucleosides (1993)

A new procedure involving the use of both dibutyltin oxide and a quaternary ammonium salt along with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride leads in good yields to the desired monotosylate or to the 2′,3′-O -cyclic thiocarbonate of thymine nucleosides without prior modification of any hydroxyl group. It is noteworthy that with 5-methyl uridine, tosylation occurs regioselectively at the 2′- position, while the 3′-O-tosylate is formed when 5-methyl uridine is substituted on 1′ by a methyl (or cyano) group.
Obstructive sleep apnoea (1997)

Superficial analysis ignores evidence on efficacy of treatmentEditor-The conclusions of John Wright and colleagues have the potential to jeopardise public health as well as patients' care; their systematic review lacks the necessary depth and understanding of the issues. 1he authors note that sleep apnoea is currently viewed as a public health concern because it is prevalent and thought to be associated with morbidity and mortality.The collective evidence from the studies included in the review supports this view; the authors' conclusions that evidence for the health effects of sleep apnoea is "weak or contradictory" and that "the relevance of sleep apnoea to public health has been exaggerated" are disturbing.The authors seem to have misinterpreted the findings of some studies.In their assessment of nine studies of hypertension judged to be methodologically adequate, the authors dismiss seven studies that show an independent association between sleep apnoea and hypertension.
Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (1997)

Section I: Basic Concepts of Disease Processes. Introduction. Inflammation and Healing. Immunity and Abnormal Responses. Infections. Neoplasms. Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances. Section II: Influence of Altered Status/Growth adn Development of Disease Processes. Congenital and Genetic Disorders. Health Problems Associated with Adolescence. Possible Effects of Pregnancy. Aging and Disease Processes. Effects of Immobility. The Influence of Stress. Pain. Substance Abuse. Environmental Hazards. Selected Therapies and Possible Effects. Section III: Pathophysiology of the Systems. Disorders of the Blood and Lymphatic System. Disorders of the Heart and Vascular System. Respiratory Disorders. Digestive Disorders. Urinary System Disorders. Acute Neurological Disorders. Chronic Neurological Disorders. Eye and Ear Disorders. Endocrine Disorders. Musculoskeletal Disorders. Skin Disorders. Disorders of the Reproductive System. Appendices: Ready Reference 1: Anatomic Terms Ready Reference 2: Common Pharmaceutical Abbreviations Ready Reference 3: Common Abbreviations and Acronyms. Ready Reference 4: Common Diagnostic Tests. Glossary. Additional Resources. Index.