gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Organic Complementary Circuits (2005)

We report the first organic complementary circuits on flexible substrates. Organic thin-film transistors were fabricated using pentacene as the semiconductor for the p-channel devices and hexadecafluorocopperphthalocyanine (F/sub 16/CuPc) as the semiconductor for the n-channel devices. Both semiconductors were purchased from commercial sources and deposited by evaporation in vacuum. The pentacene layer was photolithographically patterned to simplify the circuit layout and reduce the circuit area. The transistors and circuits were manufactured on thin, transparent sheets of polyethylene naphthalate. Evaporated metals were used to define all contacts and interconnects, and a 50-nm-thick layer of solution-processed polyvinylphenol was used as the gate dielectric. Transistors and circuits operate at supply voltages as low as 8 V, and ring oscillators have a signal propagation delay as low as 8 /spl mu/s per stage. To our knowledge, these are the fastest organic complementary circuits reported to date.
CVD Synthesis of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes under “Soft” Conditions (2002)

A series of Fe and Fe/Mo catalysts, supported on alumina, were examined for Single-Walled Nanotube (SWNT) growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) in methane. Molybdenum (20 wt %) was found to provide a clear synergistic benefit, lowering the growth temperature and eliminating the need for catalyst activation in hydrogen. The dependence of the carbon mass yield and sample quality on the CVD growth conditions is discussed. Catalyst activity in both the oxide and reduced (metallic) form were investigated under low methane flow (40 cm3/min) and in the temperature range 600 < T < 900 °C. We found that the Fe/Mo oxide catalyst was active at temperatures as low as 680 °C. Under these “soft” conditions (680 °C, 40 cm3/min methane), the Fe-oxide catalyst (without Mo) was not active for tube growth, but it could be activated by an in situ reduction to metal in flowing He/(10% H2). Tube diameters in the range 0.7 to 1.7 nm were produced under most of the growth conditions studied, as determined by Raman scattering. In most cases, the SWNTs were produced in bundles ∼10 nm in diameter, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. No evidence for coproduction of multiwalled tubes was found.
Studies on a few-mode fiber-optic strain sensor based on LP/sub 01/-LP/sub 02/ mode interference (2001)

We studied a fiber-optic strain sensor based on interference between LP/sub 01/-LP/sub 02/ modes of a circularly symmetric few-mode fiber (FMF). A simple theoretical analysis for predicting the performance characteristics of such a sensor is developed. Fiber elongations producing differential phase shift of 2/spl pi/ (/spl delta/l/sub 2/spl pi//) between the two modes are measured, which is found to be independent of sensing length of the fiber as predicted by theory. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values of /spl delta/l/sub 2/spl pi// is observed. Theoretical calculations predict that the sensitivity of such a sensor is maximum for fibers with V=4.82 and increases with the increase in the core cladding index difference /spl Delta/n.
Dynamic spin labeling angiography in extracranial carotid artery stenosis. (2005)

DSLA is a promising method that allowed us to noninvasively quantify the hemodynamic effect of extracranial carotid stenosis and the resulting intracranial collateralization.
Osteoprotegerin is up-regulated in pancreatic cancers and correlates with cancer-associated new-onset diabetes (2014)

New-onset diabetes might help to yield biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PaC). In this study, we computationally predicted and experimentally validated osteoprotegerin (OPG) being associated with pancreatic cancer related new-onset diabetes. We first performed a meta-analysis on microarray datasets to search for genes specifically highly expressed in PaC, and then filtered for cytokines involved in islet dysfunction. The expression of OPG in PaC and normal pancreas were validated by immunohistochemistry. Serum OPG levels in healthy controls, non-cancerous diabetes and PaC patients with or without diabetes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In silico assay found that OPG up-regulated in PaC tissues in comparison to normal pancreas. Immunohistochemical data further confirmed that OPG was overexpressed in PaC samples. Furthermore, increased expression of OPG in PaC tissues correlated to the occurrence of new-onset diabetes, and adversely affected the patients&apos; overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In addition, the serum levels of OPG were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer patients with new-onset diabetes than other groups including pancreatic patients without diabetes, new-onset type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. In conclusion, there is a close association between OPG and pancreatic cancer related new-onset diabetes, and OPG might serve as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer from populations with new-onset diabetes.
Lycos: design choices in an Internet search service (1997)

One of the enabling technologies of the World Wide Web, along with browsers, domain name servers, and hypertext markup language, is the search engine. Although the Web contains over 100 million pages of information, those millions of pages are useless if you cannot find the pages you need. All major Web search engines operate the same way: a gathering program explores the hyperlinked documents of the Web, foraging for Web pages to index. These pages are stockpiled by storing them in some kind of database or repository. Finally, a retrieval program takes a user query and creates a list of links to Web documents matching the words, phrases, or concepts in the query. Although the retrieval program itself is correctly called a search engine, by popular usage the term now means a database combined with a retrieval program. For example, the Lycos search engine comprises the Lycos Catalog of the Internet and the Pursuit retrieval program. This paper describes the Lycos system for collecting, storing, and retrieving information about pages on the Web. After outlining the history and precursors of the Lycos system, the paper discusses some of the design choices made in building this Web indexer and touches briefly on the economic issues involved in working with very large retrieval systems.
Bill-of-material configuration generation (2002)

A novel system which combines elements of database management, object-oriented technology and artificial intelligence is described. This system addresses certain bill-of-material (BOM) configuration generation problems and should not be confused with the more typical BOM recursive traversal problems. The BOM configuration system automatically extracts design rules from existing BOM designs. The system then, in turn, applies the rules to generate new BOM designs. It is shown that there are special requirements of the applications that make BOM configuration a difficult process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Large‐volume sample introduction into narrow‐bore gas chromatography columns using thermal desorption modulation and signal averaging (1990)

Abstract A small diameter (50 μm) open‐tubular gas chromatographic column can be made to accept relatively large volume samples. A conventional injection port and a short length of a 530‐μm‐diameter column are used to accept and hold the sample while it is fed slowly into the 50‐μm column. An injection of such large volume and slow speed normally is quite incompatible with this small, fast column. An on‐column thermal desorption modulator at the head of the column matches the sample to the column by chopping the injected sample into many fast concentration pulses. Signal averaging of the resulting fast chromatograms gives a total sample chromatogram. The method is adaptable to either gaseous or liquid samples.
A Monoclonal Antibody to the α2 Domain of Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I that Specifically Kills Activated Lymphocytes and Blocks Liver Damage in the Concanavalin A Hepatitis Model (2003)

We earlier found that a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) RE2 can induce rapid death of murine activated, but not resting, lymphocytes and lymphocyte cell lines, in a complement-independent manner, a cell death differing from typical apoptosis or necrosis. We here found that this cell death is independent of pathways involving Fas, caspase, and phosphoinositide-3 kinase. With the advantage of producing human B cell line transfectants with stable expression of human/mouse xeno-chimeric MHC class I genes, we found that RE2 epitope resides on the murine class I alpha2 domain. However, the alpha3 domain plays a key role in transducing the death signal, which mediates extensive aggregation of the MHC class I-integrin-actin filament system, giving rise to membrane blebs and pores. In mouse models with T/NKT cell activation-associated fulminant hepatitis, administration of mAb RE2 almost completely inhibited the development of liver cell injuries. Taken collectively, this form of cell death may be involved in homeostatic immune regulation, and induction of this form of cell death using the mAbs may be potentially therapeutic for subjects with immunological diseases mediated by activated lymphocytes.
Relative antithrombotic and antihemostatic effects of protein C activator versus low-molecular-weight heparin in primates (2007)

The anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory enzyme, activated protein C (APC), naturally controls thrombosis without affecting hemostasis. We therefore evaluated whether the integrity of primary hemostasis was preserved during limited pharmacological antithrombotic protein C activator (PCA) treatment in baboons. The double-mutant thrombin (Trp215Ala/Glu217Ala) with less than 1% procoagulant activity was used as a relatively selective PCA and compared with systemic anticoagulation by APC and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) at doses that inhibited fibrin deposition on thrombogenic segments of arteriovenous shunts. As expected, both systemic anticoagulants, APC (0.028 or 0.222 mg/kg for 70 minutes) and LMWH (0.325 to 2.6 mg/kg for 70 minutes), were antithrombotic and prolonged the template bleeding time. In contrast, PCA at doses (0.0021 to 0.0083 mg/kg for 70 minutes) that had antithrombotic effects comparable with LMWH did not demonstrably impair primary hemostasis. PCA bound to platelets and leukocytes, and accumulated in thrombi. APC infusion at higher circulating APC levels was less antithrombotic than PCA infusion at lower circulating APC levels. The observed dissociation of antithrombotic and antihemostatic effects during PCA infusion thus appeared to emulate the physiological regulation of intravascular blood coagulation (thrombosis) by the endogenous protein C system. Our data suggest that limited pharmacological protein C activation might exhibit considerable thrombosis specificity.
Small diameter carbon nanopipettes (2009)

Nanoscale multifunctional carbon probes facilitate cellular studies due to their small size, which makes it possible to interrogate organelles within living cells in a minimally invasive fashion. However, connecting nanotubes to macroscopic devices and constructing an integrated system for the purpose of fluid and electrical signal transfer is challenging, as is often the case with nanoscale components. We describe a non-catalytic chemical vapor deposition based method for batch fabrication of integrated multifunctional carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) with tip diameters much smaller (10-30 nm) than previously reported (200 nm and above) and approaching those observed for multiwalled carbon nanotubes. This eliminates the need for complicated attachment/assembly of nanotubes into nanofluidic devices. Variable tip geometries and structures were obtained by controlled deposition of carbon inside and outside quartz pipettes. We have shown that the capillary length and gas flow rate have a marked effect on the carbon deposition. This gives us a flexible protocol, useful for growing carbon layers of different thicknesses at selective locations on a glass pipette to yield a large variety of cellular probes in bulk quantities. The CNPs possess an open channel for fluid transfer with the carbon deposited inside at 875 degrees C behaving like an amorphous semiconductor. Vacuum annealing of the CNP tips at temperatures up to 2000 degrees C yields graphitic carbon structures with an increase in conductivity of two orders of magnitude. Penetration of the integrated carbon nanoprobes into cells was shown to produce minimal Ca(2+) signals, fast recovery of basal Ca(2+) levels and no adverse activation of the cellular metabolism during interrogation times as long as 0.5-1 h.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric prospects of phosphide skutterudites (1999)

The prospects for high thermoelectric performance in phosphide skutterudites are investigated based on first-principles calculations. We find that stoichiometric ${\mathrm{CoP}}_{3}$ differs from the corresponding arsenide and antimonide in that it is metallic. As such, the band structure must be modified if high thermopowers are to be achieved. In analogy to the antimonides it is expected that this may be done by filling with La. Calculations for ${\mathrm{LaFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{P}}_{12}$ show that a gap can in fact be opened by La filling, but that the valence band is too light to yield reasonable p-type thermopowers at appropriate carrier densities; n-type La-filled material may be more favorable.
An algorithm for computing extrinsic camera parameters for far-range photogrammetry based on essential matrix (2010)

Far-range photogrammetry is widely used in the location determination problem in some dangerous situation. In this paper we discussed the camera calibration problem which can be used in outdoors. Location determination based on stereo vision sensors requires the knowledge of the camera parameters, such as camera position, orientation, lens distortion, focal length etc. with high precision. Most of the existed method of camera calibration is placing many land markers whose position is known accurately. But due to large distance and other practical problems we can not place the land markers with high precision. This paper shows that if we don't know the position of the land marker, we also can get the extrinsic camera parameters with essential matrix. The real parameters of the camera and the computed parameters of the camera give rise to the geometric error. We develop and present theoretical analysis of the geometric error and how to get the extrinsic camera parameters with high precision in large scale measurement. Experimental results of the project which is used to measure the drop point of a high speed object testify the method we proposed with high precision compared with traditional methods.
The impact of migraine on quality of life in the general population (2000)

Migraineurs report more asthma and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Compared with nonmigraineurs and to others with chronic conditions, migraineurs report compromised physical, mental, and social functioning, particularly those with a high frequency of attack.
Benefits of Bilateral Electrical Stimulation with the Nucleus Cochlear Implant in Adults: 6-Month Postoperative Results (2004)

Similar to what has been observed for bilateral acoustic stimulation in the past, bilateral electrical stimulation provides the foundation for the potential advantages of the head-shadow effect, providing a binaural head-shadow benefit and binaural auditory processing such as binaural redundancy and binaural squelch effects, all of which combine to lead to improved speech comprehension over unilateral listening conditions. The combination of improved speech comprehension and improved localization ability made available through bilateral electrical stimulation provides the necessary foundation to further assist the hearing-impaired listener to better cope with communication in the everyday listening situation both in noise and in quiet.
Identification of potential diagnostic markers of prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia using cDNA microarray (2001)

The identification of novel genes or groups of genes expressed in prostate cancer may allow earlier diagnosis or more accurate staging of the disease. We describe the assembly and use of a 1877-member microarray representing cDNA clones from a range of prostate cancer stages and grades, precursor lesions and normal tissue. Using labelled cDNA from tumour samples obtained from TURP or radical prostatectomy, analysis of expression patterns identified many up-regulated transcripts. Cell lines were found to over-express fewer genes than diseased tissue samples. 17 known genes were found to over-express more than 4-fold in 4 or more cancers out of 15 cancers. Only 2 genes were over-expressed in 6 out of 15 cancers or more, whilst no genes were consistently found to be over-expressed in all cancer samples. Novel prostate cancer associations for several well characterized genes or full length cDNAs were identified, including PLRP1, JM27, human UbcM2, dynein light intermediate chain 2 and human homologue of rat sec61. Novel associations with high-grade PIN include: breast carcinoma fatty acid synthase and cDNA DKFZp434B0335. We shortlist and discuss the most significant over-expressed genes in prostate cancer and PIN, and highlight expression differences between malignant and benign samples.
Rodent models of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic nephropathy (Methods in Renal Research) (2007)

Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic injury is commonly used for creating rodent models of type 1 diabetes which develop renal injury with similarities to human diabetic nephropathy. This model can be established in genetically modified rodents for investigating the role of molecular mechanisms and genetic susceptibility in the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this report, the authors describe and compare the current protocols being used to establish models of diabetic nephropathy in rat and mouse strains using streptozotocin. The authors also list some of the histological criteria and biochemical measurements which are being used to validate these models. In addition, our review explains some of the key aspects involved in these models, including the impact of streptozotocin-dosage, uninephrectomy, hypertension and genetically modified strains, which can each affect the development of disease and the interpretation of findings.
Chronic Sinusitis (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop a technique for evaluating the severity of chronic sinus disease and to examine the correlation with allergy, asthma, and eosinophilia. <h3>Design.</h3> —A survey of 104 patients undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A university hospital ear, nose, and throat clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A referral population of adult patients being scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery was eligible; 104 completed questionnaires and agreed to participate. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Computed tomographic scans were reviewed and scored for extent of disease. Serum samples were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for total eosinophil count. Surgical biopsy specimens were examined for eosinophilia and cultured for bacteria and fungi. <h3>Results.</h3> —Extensive disease was present in 39% of subjects and correlated well with asthma, specific IgE antibodies, and eosinophilia, but not with elevated total IgE. Among patients with peripheral eosinophilia, 87% had extensive disease. All cultures grew aerobic bacteria; anaerobes and fungi were uncommon. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We present a system for quantitation of disease extent using computed tomographic scans of patients with chronic sinusitis. The well-accepted associations of chronic sinusitis with asthma and allergy appear to be restricted to the group with extensive disease. The presence of peripheral eosinophilia in patients with sinusitis indicates a high likelihood of extensive disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:363-367)
Phosphorothioate cap analogs stabilize mRNA and increase translational efficiency in mammalian cells (2007)

Capped RNAs synthesized by in vitro transcription have found wide utility for studying mRNA function and metabolism and for producing proteins of interest. We characterize here a recently synthesized series of cap analogs with improved properties that contain a sulfur substitution for a nonbridging oxygen in either the alpha-, beta-, or gamma-phosphate moieties, m(2) (7,2'-O )Gppp(S)G, m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG, and m(2) (7,2'-O )Gp(S)ppG, respectively. The new compounds were also modified at the 2'-O position of the m(7)Guo to make them anti-reverse cap analogs (ARCAs), i.e., they are incorporated exclusively in the correct orientation during in vitro transcription. Each of the S-ARCAs exists in two diastereoisomeric forms (D1 and D2) that can be resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. A major in vivo pathway for mRNA degradation is initiated by removal of the cap by the pyrophosphatase Dcp1/Dcp2, which cleaves between the alpha- and beta-phosphates. Oligonucleotides capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) were completely resistant to hydrolysis by recombinant human Dcp2 in vitro, whereas those capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D1) and both isomers of m(2) (7,2'-O )Gppp(S)G were partially resistant. Luciferase mRNA capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) had a t (1/2) of 257 min in cultured HC11 mammary epithelial cells compared with 86 min for m(7)Gp(3)G-capped mRNA. Luciferase mRNAs capped with m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D1) and m(2) (7,2'-O )Gpp(S)pG (D2) were translated 2.8-fold and 5.1-fold, respectively, more efficiently in HC11 cells than those capped with m(7)Gp(3)G. The greater yield of protein due to combining higher translational efficiency with longer t (1/2) of mRNA should benefit applications that utilize RNA transfection such as protein production, anti-cancer immunization, and gene therapy.
Long‐term expression of the human glucocerebrosidase gene in vivo after transplantation of bone‐marrow‐derived cells transformed with a lentivirus vector (2005)

The recombinant lentiviral vector transduces HSCs that are capable of long-term gene expression in vivo. This approach is potentially useful for the treatment of patents with Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.
Non-neuronal 210×103Mr microtubule-associated protein (MAP4) contains a domain homologous to the microtubule-binding domains of neuronal MAP2 and tau (1991)

A polyclonal antiserum raised against a HeLa cell microtubule-associated protein of Mr 210,000 (210 kD MAP or MAP4), an abundant non-neuronal MAP, was used to isolate cDNA clones encoding MAP4 from a human fetal brain lambda gt11 cDNA expression library. The largest of these clones, pMAP4.245, contains an insert of 4.1 kb and encodes a 245 kD beta-galactosidase fusion protein. Evidence that pMAP4.245 encodes MAP4 sequences includes immunoabsorption of MAP4 antibodies with the pMAP4.245 fusion protein, as well as identity of protein sequences obtained from HeLa 210 kD MAP4 with amino acid sequences encoded by pMAP4.245. The MAP4.245 cDNA hybridizes to several large (approximately 6-9 kb) transcripts on Northern blots of HeLa cell RNA. DNA sequencing of overlapping MAP4 cDNA clones revealed a long open reading frame containing a C-terminal region with three imperfect 18-amino acid repeats; this region is homologous to a motif present in the microtubule (MT)-binding domain of two prominent neuronal MAPs, MAP2 and tau. The pMAP4.245 sequence also encoded a series of unrelated repeats, located in the MAP's projection domain, N-terminal to the MT-binding domain. MAP4.245 fusion proteins bound to MTs in vitro, while fusion proteins that contained only the projection domain repeats failed to bind specifically to MTs. Thus, the major human non-neuronal MAP resembles two neuronal MAPs in its MT-binding domain, while most of the molecule has sequences, and presumably functions, distinct from those of the neuronal MAPs.