gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heme oxygenase: function, multiplicity, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical applications (1988)

In biological systems oxidation of heme is carried out by two isozymes of the microsomal heme oxygenase, HO-1 and HO-2. HO-1 is the commonly known heme oxygenase, the activity of which can be induced by up to 100-fold in response to a wide variety of stimuli (metals, heme, hormones, etc.). HO-2 was only recently discovered, and the isozyme appears to be uninducible. The two forms are products of two different genes and differ in their tissue expression. The primary structure of HO-1 and an HO-2 fragment of 91 amino acid residues show only 58% homology, but share a region with 100% secondary structure homology. This region is believed to be the catalytic site. Most likely, HO-1 gene is regulated in the same manner as metallothione in the gene. HO-1 has a heat shock regulatory element, and possibly many promoter elements, which bind to respective inducers and cause transcription of the gene. In vivo induction of HO-1 activity in the liver is accompanied by decreases in the total P-450 levels and, in a reconstituted system, cytochrome P-450b heme can be quantitatively converted to biliverdin by HO-1 and HO-2. The enzyme activity is inhibited in vivo for extended periods subsequent to binding of Zn- and Sn- protoporphyrins. This property appears useful for the suppression of bilirubin production. The metalloporphyrins, however, are not innocuous and cause major disruptions in cellular metabolism. In this review recent findings on heme oxygenase are highlighted.
High field emission reproducibility and stability of carbon nanosheets and nanosheet-based backgated triode emission devices (2006)

The authors have characterized field emission properties of freestanding, 1nm thick graphene layers, called carbon nanosheets (CNSs), which were grown perpendicular to the growth surface using a radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The CNSs are metallic impurity-free and have uniform height distribution (standard deviation of &amp;lt;10%). The authors have demonstrated reproducibility and stability of the CNSs for a period of &amp;gt;200h at 1.3mA emission current level. Over this time, no degradation has been observed, the variability of the individual I-V curves is small among 7216 voltage cycles, and the standard deviation at the maximum current was no more than 2.3%. A nanosheet-based backgated triode emission device has been developed to take advantage of the nanosheet field emission performance. Prototype devices have confirmed triode operation and stable electron emission.
d -Serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (2000)

Functional activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors requires both glutamate binding and the binding of an endogenous coagonist that has been presumed to be glycine, although D-serine is a more potent agonist. Localizations of D-serine and it biosynthetic enzyme serine racemase approximate the distribution of NMDA receptors more closely than glycine. We now show that selective degradation of d-serine with D-amino acid oxidase greatly attenuates NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission as assessed by using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings or indirectly by using biochemical assays of the sequelae of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium flux. The inhibitory effects of the enzyme are fully reversed by exogenously applied D-serine, which by itself did not potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. Thus, D-serine is an endogenous modulator of the glycine site of NMDA receptors and fully occupies this site at some functional synapses.
Semantic Similarity Based on Corpus Statistics and Lexical Taxonomy (1997)

This paper presents a new approach for measuring semantic similarity/distance between words and concepts. It combines a lexical taxonomy structure with corpus statistical information so that the semantic distance between nodes in the semantic space constructed by the taxonomy can be better quantified with the computational evidence derived from a distributional analysis of corpus data. Specifically, the proposed measure is a combined approach that inherits the edge-based approach of the edge counting scheme, which is then enhanced by the node-based approach of the information content calculation. When tested on a common data set of word pair similarity ratings, the proposed approach outperforms other computational models. It gives the highest correlation value (r = 0.828) with a benchmark based on human similarity judgements, whereas an upper bound (r = 0.885) is observed when human subjects replicate the same task.
Efficient and Secure Source Authentication for Multicast. (2001)

One of the main challenges of securing multicast communication is source authentication, or enabling receivers of multicast data to verify that the received data originated with the claimed source and was not modified enroute. The problem becomes more complex in common settings where other receivers of the data are not trusted, and where lost packets are not retransmitted. Several source authentication schemes for multicast have been suggested in the past, but none of these schemes is satisfactorily efficient in all prominent parameters. We recently proposed a very efficient scheme, TESLA, that is based on initial loose time synchronization between the sender and the receivers, followed by delayed release of keys by the sender. This paper proposes several substantial modifications and improvements to TESLA. One modification allows receivers to authenticate most packets as soon as they arrive (whereas TESLA requires buffering packets at the receiver side, and provides delayed authentication only). Other modifications improve the scalability of the scheme, reduce the space overhead for multiple instances, increase its resistance to denial-of-service attacks, and more. 1
Quantification of the response of circulating epithelial cells to neodadjuvant treatment for breast cancer: a new tool for therapy monitoring (2005)

The response of circulating epithelial cells faithfully reflects the response of the whole tumour to adjuvant therapy, indicating that these cells may be considered part of the tumour and can be used for therapy monitoring.
RIMAC (2006)

Energy efficiency becomes increasingly important in today's high-performance storage systems. It can be challenging to save energy and improve performance at the same time in conventional (i.e. single-rotation-rate) disk-based storage systems. Most existing solutions compromise performance for energy conservation. In this paper, we propose a redundancy-based, two-level I/O cache architecture called RIMAC to address this problem. The idea of RIMAC is to enable data on the standby disk to be recovered by accessing data in the two-level I/O cache or on currently active/idle disks. At both cache and disk levels, RIMAC dynamically transforms accesses toward standby disks by exploiting parity redundancy in parity-based redundant disk arrays. Because I/O requests that require physical accesses on standby disks involve long waiting time and high power consumption for disk spin-up (tens of seconds for SCSI disks), transforming those requests to accesses in a two-level, collaborative I/O cache or on active disks can significantly improve both energy efficiency and performance.In RIMAC, we developed i) two power-aware read request transformation schemes called Transformable Read in Cache (TRC) and Transformable Read on Disk (TRD), ii) a power-aware write request transformation policy for parity update and iii) a second-chance parity cache replacement algorithm to improve request transformation rate. We evaluated RIMAC by augmenting a validated storage system simulator, disksim. For several real-life server traces including HP's cello 99, TPC-D and SPC's search engine, RIMAC is shown to reduce energy consumption by up to 33% and simultaneously improve the average response time by up to 30%.
Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Pharmaceutical Drug Carriers: From Concepts to Clinic (2009)

In recent years, various nanotechnology platforms in the area of medical biology, including both diagnostics and therapy, have gained remarkable attention. Moreover, research and development of engineered multifunctional nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers have spurred exponential growth in applications to medicine in the last decade. Design principles of these nanoparticles, including nanoemulsions, dendrimers, nano-gold, liposomes, drug-carrier conjugates, antibody-drug complexes, and magnetic nanoparticles, are primarily based on unique assemblies of synthetic, natural, or biological components, including but not limited to synthetic polymers, metal ions, oils, and lipids as their building blocks. However, the potential success of these particles in the clinic relies on consideration of important parameters such as nanoparticle fabrication strategies, their physical properties, drug loading efficiencies, drug release potential, and, most importantly, minimum toxicity of the carrier itself. Among these, lipid-based nanoparticles bear the advantage of being the least toxic for in vivo applications, and significant progress has been made in the area of DNA/RNA and drug delivery using lipid-based nanoassemblies. In this review, we will primarily focus on the recent advances and updates on lipid-based nanoparticles for their projected applications in drug delivery. We begin with a review of current activities in the field of liposomes (the so-called honorary nanoparticles), and challenging issues of targeting and triggering will be discussed in detail. We will further describe nanoparticles derived from a novel class of amphipathic lipids called bolaamphiphiles with unique lipid assembly features that have been recently examined as drug/DNA delivery vehicles. Finally, an overview of an emerging novel class of particles (based on lipid components other than phospholipids), solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers will be presented. We conclude with a few examples of clinically successful formulations of currently available lipid-based nanoparticles.
Femtosecond time-resolved surface reaction: Desorption of Co from Cu(111) in <325 fsec (1992)

The laser-induced desorption of CO molecules from a Cu(111) surface is time resolved with 100-fsec resolution. We find the desorption reaction is completed in \ensuremath{\le}325 fsec after the 100-fsec, 2-eV photon energy pump pulse. The only mechanism consistent with this abrupt, efficient (\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) desorption is a novel one: The transient hot substrate electrons (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$\ensuremath{\sim}3600 K, while ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{e},\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}$\ensuremath{\sim}160 K) drive ImultipleP electronic excitation-deexcitation cycles of the CO-Cu complex within the vibrational relaxation time. This vibrationally pumps the molecules into desorbing.
Raman meets medicine: Raman spectroscopy: a powerful tool in biophotonics (2009)

Biophotonics is a new and highly interdisciplinary scientific discipline comprising the application of light (i.e. innovative photonic tools) in life sciences. It is non exaggerated to say Biophotonics is on the way to solve the most important problems in biomedicine. In particular Raman microspectroscopy allows one to derive detailed and specific information on a molecular level which other photonic methods methods can only provide by a limited extent. Here we will present latest results of our own research dealing with the application and development of innovative Raman spectroscopic techniques for biomedical applications.
Real-Time Data Acquisition and Controls Using Matlab (1995)

Abstract Matlab is a powerful mathematical package that has numerous functions for engineering applications, such as signal processing. Simulink is an add-on package for Matlab that gives a graphical user interface for creating and simulating block diagrams. Matlab has another add-on package, the Real-Time Workshop, which is an interface between the data acquisition adapters and Simulink. This package adds real-time data acquisition, which allows data to be acquired and analyzed. The system design is done in a graphical interface using block models. A servo system was designed and modeled using the Real-time Workshop. Matlab is a powerful tool that can be used for real-time data acquisition and control systems.
Generation of High-Titer Defective HSV-1 Vectors Using an IE 2 Deletion Mutant and Quantitative Study of Expression in Cultured Cortical Cells (1996)

Vectors based on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) show promise for gene transfer into mammalian cells because of their wide host range, efficient infection and ability to deliver genes to nondividing cells. Defective HSV-1 vectors, or amplicons, are plasmid vectors which are unable to propagate on their own but contain specific HSV-1 sequences that, in the presence of helper virus, support DNA replication and subsequent packaging into virus particles. We compared three replication-incompetent HSV-1 mutants (KOS strain 5dl1.2, strain 17 D30EBA, KOS strain d120) as the helper virus for packaging the prototype defective HSV-1 vector, pHSVlac, which uses the HSV-1 immediate-early (1E) 4/5 promoter to regulate expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. Use of 5dl1.2, which contains a deletion in the IE 2 gene, consistently produced virus stocks that contained a high level of vector, undetectable levels of wild-type HSV-1 and a ratio of vector to helper greater than 1. Virus stocks prepared using 5dl1.2 were superior to those prepared using helper viruses that harbor a deletion in the IE 3 gene, either D30EBA or dl20, and supported more efficient gene transfer than possible with previously published procedures. Lactate dehydrogenase efflux assays in rat cortical cultures showed that 5dl1.2 was no more cytotoxic than either D30EBA or dl20, despite the expression of more viral genes. Rat cortical cultures infected with pHSVlac packaged with either 5dl1.2 or D30EBA were used to quantify the stability of vector expression. Our results show a decrease in the number of cells with detectable levels of beta-galactosidase to 30% of peak levels after one week, irrespective of the helper virus used. However, simultaneous superinfection with 5dl1.2, but not with either D30EBA or dl20, produced a transient increase in the number of cells expressing beta-galactosidase. Superinfection with 5dl1.2 at 9 days after gene transfer increased the number of cells expressing detectable beta-galactosidase back to peak levels, most probably because of reactivation of the IE 4/5 promoter in pHSVlac. These results thus provide the first quantitative demonstration of long-term persistence of defective HSV-1 vectors in neurons.
The minimization and decomposition of interface state machines (1994)

Article The minimization and decomposition of interface state machines Share on Authors: Ajay J. Daga ECES Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ECES Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIView Profile , William P. Birmingham ECES Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ECES Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MIView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '94: Proceedings of the 31st annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1994 Pages 120–125https://doi.org/10.1145/196244.196301Online:06 June 1994Publication History 3citation116DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads116Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Influence of Adding Surfactants to an Analyte Solution on Separation Performance in Open-tubular Capillary Chromatography Based on the Tube Radial Distribution of Ternary Mixed Carrier Solvents (2012)

Abstract An open-tubular capillary chromatography system has been developed using a ternary mixed solvent mixture, i.e., water–hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic solvent mixture as a carrier solution. In this study, the influence of adding surfactants to an analyte solution on separation performance was examined in a chromatographic system using a fused-silica capillary tube (75 µm inner diameter and 100 cm effective length) and a ternary mixture of water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate (3:8:4 volume ratio) carrier solution. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (cationic), and Triton X-100 (nonionic) were used as surfactants. Model analytes, 1-naphthol and 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, were separated in this order by adding the anionic and nonionic surfactants. These surfactants in the analyte solution greatly improved the separation performance (theoretical plate numbers for 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid; &amp;gt;10000) compared with the same separation performed in the absence of surfactants. On the other hand, the analytes were not separated at all using a cationic surfactant.
Universal dephasing control during quantum computation (2007)

Dephasing is a ubiquitous phenomenon that leads to the loss of coherence in quantum systems and the corruption of quantum information. We present a universal dynamical control approach to combat dephasing during all stages of quantum computation, namely, storage and single- and two-qubit operators. We show that (a) tailoring multifrequency gate pulses to the dephasing dynamics can increase fidelity; (b) cross-dephasing, introduced by entanglement, can be eliminated by appropriate control fields; (c) counterintuitively and contrary to previous schemes, one can increase the gate duration, while simultaneously increasing the total gate fidelity.
Soccer injuries: African players shown to be unaware of treatment facilities (1997)

Professional soccer is the most popular spectator sport among Africans in Southern Africa. In the last two years most professional teams in South Africa have become multiracial. This has given the opportunity to medical practitioners interested in sports medicines to examine and treat African professional soccer players.
A Virally Encoded Chaperone Specialized for Folding of the Major Capsid Protein of African Swine Fever Virus (2001)

It is generally believed that cellular chaperones facilitate the folding of virus capsid proteins, or that capsid proteins fold spontaneously. Here we show that p73, the major capsid protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV) failed to fold and aggregated when expressed alone in cells. This demonstrated that cellular chaperones were unable to aid the folding of p73 and suggested that ASFV may encode a chaperone. An 80-kDa protein encoded by ASFV, termed the capsid-associated protein (CAP) 80, bound to the newly synthesized capsid protein in infected cells. The 80-kDa protein was released following conformational maturation of p73 and dissociated before capsid assembly. Coexpression of the 80-kDa protein with p73 prevented aggregation and allowed the capsid protein to fold with kinetics identical to those seen in infected cells. CAP80 is, therefore, a virally encoded chaperone that facilitates capsid protein folding by masking domains exposed by the newly synthesized capsid protein, which are susceptible to aggregation, but cannot be accommodated by host chaperones. It is likely that these domains are ultimately buried when newly synthesized capsid proteins are added to the growing capsid shell.
Privacy-preserving speech processing: cryptographic and string-matching frameworks show promise (2013)

Speech is one of the most private forms of communication. People do not like to be eavesdropped on. They will frequently even object to being recorded; in fact, in many places it is illegal to record people speaking in public, even when it is acceptable to capture their images on video [1]. Yet, when a person uses a speech-based service such as a voice authentication system or a speech recognition service, they must grant the service complete access to their voice recordings. This exposes the user to abuse, with security, privacy and economic implications. For instance, the service could extract information such as gender, ethnicity, and even the emotional state of the user from the recording-factors not intended to be exposed by the user-and use them for undesired purposes. The recordings may be edited to create fake recordings that the user never spoke, or to impersonate them for other services. Even derivatives from the voice are risky to expose. For example, a voice-authentication service could make unauthorized use of the models or voice prints it has for users to try to identify their presence in other media such as YouTube.
GCPII Imaging and Cancer (2012)

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in the central nervous system is referred to as the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the periphery. PSMA serves as a target for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer and because of its expression in solid tumor neovasculature has the potential to be used in this regard for other malignancies as well. An overview of GCPII/PSMA in cancer, as well as a discussion of imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using a wide variety of PSMA-targeting agents is provided.
New organic electron-transporting for LEDs (1995)

Operating lifetime is the main problem facing the use of polymeric light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We report a new class of electron transport (ET) polymers [poly(aryl acrylate) and poly(aryl ether)s] in which moieties with high electron affinity such as diphenyloxadiazole and triaryltriazole are covalently attached to stable polymer backbones. Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) based devices prepared using these materials exhibit a 30-fold improvement in stability, and in one case, dramatically lower (10 vs. ca. 30) operating voltage relative to those having conventional Er layers. The current carrying capacity of ITO/PPV/polymeric Er layer/Al LEDs is also increased by a factor of 30. These improvements lead to nearly an order of magnitude enhancement in power efficiency. The effect of the glass transition temperature of the ET material on the stabilities of devices will be described. The current in some of these devices appears to be space charge limited. Device efficiencies and turn on voltages can not be simply predicted from band offsets as measured by cyclic voltammetry as in the case of single layer LEDs.
Functional Evidence for Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) as a Nonsilent Partner in the Thyroid Hormone Receptor/RXR Heterodimer (2002)

Many members of the thyroid hormone/retinoid receptor subfamily (type II nuclear receptors) function as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). In heterodimers which are referred to as permissive, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor/RXR, both partners can bind cognate ligands and elicit ligand-dependent transactivation. In contrast, the thyroid hormone receptor (TR)/RXR heterodimer is believed to be nonpermissive, where RXR is thought to be incapable of ligand binding and is often referred to as a silent partner. In this report, we used a sensitive derepression assay system that we developed previously to reexamine the TR/RXR interrelationship. We provide functional evidence suggesting that in a TR/RXR heterodimer, the RXR component can bind its ligand in vivo. Ligand binding by RXR does not appear to directly activate the TR/RXR heterodimer; instead, it leads to a (at least transient or dynamic) dissociation of a cellular inhibitor(s)/corepressor(s) from its TR partner and thus may serve to modulate unliganded TR-mediated repression and/or liganded TR-mediated activation. Our results argue against the current silent-partner model for RXR in the TR/RXR heterodimer and reveal an unexpected aspect of cross regulation between TR and RXR.