gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravenous synthetic αgal saccharides delay hyperacute rejection following pig‐to‐baboon heart transplantation (1999)

Several oligosaccharides containing the terminal structure Gal(alpha)1-3Gal (alphaGal) and different side chains were tested in vitro for their ability to block natural anti(alpha)Gal antibodies. A di-and a trisaccharide (di(alpha)Gal and tri(alpha)Gal) were selected. A blood group B baboon, having IgG and IgM natural antipig titers of 1:256 and 1:1024 and a hemolytic titer (to pig red blood cells, RBCs) of 1:8, was chosen to measure pharmacokinetic parameters of the saccharides and to assess the extent of in vivo neutralization of the antibodies. Three grams each of the di(alpha)Gal and the tri(alpha)Gal dissolved in saline were administered by bolus intravenous (i.v.) injection. Blood samples were collected at various times and urine was collected at 8 and 24 h. Plasma and urine concentrations of the alphaGal saccharides were estimated by an ELISA specially developed for this study. A fast distribution phase followed by equilibrium and excretion phases were observed, indicating a T1/2 in the order of 1 h. Fifty-eight per cent of the saccharides were recovered in the urine within 24 h. Determination of antipig antibody binding by FACS analysis and of serum cytotoxicity titers for pig endothelial cells demonstrated that a 70% reduction in binding and cytotoxicity could be achieved with plasma saccharide levels of 300-400 microg/ml. Six months later, a pig heart was transplanted heterotopically into the baboon. A 3-g bolus of the saccharide mixture (1.5 g of each saccharide) was given i.v. before allowing blood reperfusion of the transplanted heart, followed by an i.v. infusion of 1 g/hr for 1 hr and 0.5 g/hr for the 3 succeeding hours. Blood concentrations of the saccharides, CH50, hematology and cytotoxicity for PK15 cells were estimated in blood samples taken at various times. Heart function was observed to be satisfactory for 8 h, but was found to have ceased at 18 h. Myocardial biopsies taken at 3 and 5 h showed congestion only, suggestive of minimal vascular rejection, but by 18 h demonstrated severe vascular rejection. In conclusion, alphaGal saccharide therapy given for a period of 4 h delayed, but did not totally prevent, the development of vascular rejection in the pig-to-baboon heart transplant model. alphaGal saccharide therapy may be one of several useful approaches for the prevention of hyperacute rejection in pig-to-primate organ transplantation.
Extended duration use of menopausal hormone therapy (2014)

Although providing guidance to patients regarding duration of hormone therapy represents a topic surrounded by controversy, clinicians often encounter this issue in practice. As pointed out in the NAMS 2012 Hormone Therapy (HT) Position Statement, determining the optimal duration of HT is challenging both for clinicians and for patients. This Practice Pearl addresses clinical situations for which long-term HT might be appropriate and provides practical guidance regarding prudent therapeutic choices for women using HT for an extended duration.
Asymptomatic Alzheimers Disease: A Prodrome or a State of Resilience? (2011)

Neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, are not limited to individuals with dementia. These pathologic changes can also be present in the brains of cognitively normal older adults - a condition we defined as Asymptomatic AD (ASYMAD). Although it remains unclear whether these individuals would remain clinically normal with longer survival, they seem to be able to compensate for or delay the appearance of dementia symptoms. Here, we provide a historical background and highlight the combined clinical, pathologic and morphometric evidence related to ASYMAD. Understanding the nature of changes during this apparently asymptomatic state may shed light on the mechanisms that forestall the progression of the disease and allow for maintenance of cognitive health, an important area of research that has been understudied relative to the identification of risks and pathways to negative health outcomes.
Image formation in two-photon fluorescence microscopy (1990)

Image formation in two-photon fluorescence microscopy, and in confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy, are compared with confocal microscopy. Both transverse and axial resolution are considered. Confocal two-photon fluorescence offers extremely sharp depth imaging performance
Phase I trial of an antisense oligonucleotide OL(1)p53 in hematologic malignancies. (1996)

A phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, OL(1)p53, can be administered systemically without complications. This type of modified oligonucleotide can be administered without complete degradation, as it was recovered from the urine intact. This oligonucleotide may be useful in combination with currently available chemotherapy agents for the treatment of malignancies.
A single plant resistance gene promoter engineered to recognize multiple TAL effectors from disparate pathogens (2009)

Plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas inject transcription-activator like (TAL) effector proteins that manipulate the hosts' transcriptome to promote disease. However, in some cases plants take advantage of this mechanism to trigger defense responses. For example, transcription of the pepper Bs3 and rice Xa27 resistance (R) genes are specifically activated by the respective TAL effectors AvrBs3 from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), and AvrXa27 from X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Recognition of AvrBs3 was shown to be mediated by interaction with the corresponding UPT (UPregulated by TAL effectors) box UPT(AvrBs3) present in the promoter R gene Bs3 from the dicot pepper. In contrast, it was not known how the Xoo TAL effector AvrXa27 transcriptionally activates the matching R gene Xa27 from the monocot rice. Here we identified a 16-bp UPT(AvrXa27) box present in the rice Xa27 promoter that when transferred into the Bs3 promoter confers AvrXa27-dependent inducibility. We demonstrate that polymorphisms between the UPT(AvrXa27) box of the AvrXa27-inducible Xa27 promoter and the corresponding region of the noninducible xa27 promoter account for their distinct inducibility and affinity, with respect to AvrXa27. Moreover, we demonstrate that three functionally distinct UPT boxes targeted by separate TAL effectors retain their function and specificity when combined into one promoter. Given that many economically important xanthomonads deliver multiple TAL effectors, the engineering of R genes capable of recognizing multiple TAL effectors provides a potential approach for engineering broad spectrum and durable disease resistance.
Crystal Structure of a Soluble Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope Trimer (2013)

HIV-1 entry into CD4(+) target cells is mediated by cleaved envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers that have been challenging to characterize structurally. Here, we describe the crystal structure at 4.7 angstroms of a soluble, cleaved Env trimer that is stabilized and antigenically near-native (termed the BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140 trimer) in complex with a potent broadly neutralizing antibody, PGT122. The structure shows a prefusion state of gp41, the interaction between the component gp120 and gp41 subunits, and how a close association between the gp120 V1/V2/V3 loops stabilizes the trimer apex around the threefold axis. The complete epitope of PGT122 on the trimer involves gp120 V1, V3, and several surrounding glycans. This trimer structure advances our understanding of how Env functions and is presented to the immune system, and provides a blueprint for structure-based vaccine design.
Roles for the E4 orf6, orf3, and E1B 55-Kilodalton Proteins in Cell Cycle-Independent Adenovirus Replication (1999)

Adenoviruses bearing lesions in the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B 55-kDa) gene are restricted by the cell cycle such that mutant virus growth is most impaired in cells infected during G(1) and least restricted in cells infected during S phase (F. D. Goodrum and D. A. Ornelles, J. Virol. 71:548-561, 1997). A similar defect is reported here for E4 orf6-mutant viruses. An E4 orf3-mutant virus was not restricted for growth by the cell cycle. However, orf3 was required for enhanced growth of an E4 orf6-mutant virus in cells infected during S phase. The cell cycle restriction may be linked to virus-mediated mRNA transport because both E1B 55-kDa- and E4 orf6-mutant viruses are defective at regulating mRNA transport at late times of infection. Accordingly, the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio of late viral mRNA was reduced in G(1) cells infected with the mutant viruses compared to that in G(1) cells infected with the wild-type virus. By contrast, this ratio was equivalent among cells infected during S phase with the wild-type or mutant viruses. Furthermore, cells infected during S phase with the E1B 55-kDa- or E4 orf6-mutant viruses synthesized more late viral protein than did cells infected during G(1). However, the total amount of cytoplasmic late viral mRNA was greater in cells infected during G(1) than in cells infected during S phase with either the wild-type or mutant viruses, indicating that enhanced transport of viral mRNA in cells infected during S phase cannot account for the difference in yields in cells infected during S phase and in cells infected during G(1). Thus, additional factors affect the cell cycle restriction. These results indicate that the E4 orf6 and orf3 proteins, in addition to the E1B 55-kDa protein, may cooperate to promote cell cycle-independent adenovirus growth.
Spin-Dependent Splitting Rotation of a Gaussian Beam Reflected From an Air–Glass Interface (2019)

We investigate the spin-dependent splitting systematically by considering spin Hall effect of light and in-plane spin separation of light simultaneously, when a Gaussian beam is reflected from an air-glass interface. It is revealed that there exhibits a spin-dependent splitting rotation with the increase of the polarization angle, and the rotation direction and speed can be controlled by the incident angle. Remarkably, with the polarization angle increasing from 0° to 90°, the splitting rotates 180° clockwise in total when the incident angle is less than Brewster angle, whereas it rotates an angle under 90° counterclockwise first and then clockwise return to the original position when the incident angle is larger than Brewster angle. Their initial rotation speeds of splitting to xr direction both become larger as the incident angle approaches to Brewster angle, therefore when the incident angle is equal to Brewster angle, the splitting only forms a 90° clockwise rotation. These general laws of spin-dependent splitting rotation are demonstrated by instances, and the rotation behaviors are considered as a result of various proportions of transverse spin separation and in-plane spin separation. This research provides a feasible way to manipulate the photon spin in optical nanodevice.
Primary Limited Lumbar Discectomy with an Annulus Closure Device: One-Year Clinical and Radiographic Results from a Prospective, Multi-Center Study (2012)

The use of an annulus closure device may provide a reduction in reherniation rate for lumbar discectomy patients with large annulus defects who are at the greatest risk of recurrence. Using such a device should provide the surgeon increased confidence in minimizing nucleus removal, which, in turn, may preserve disc height and biomechanics, reducing degeneration and associated poor clinical outcomes in the long-term. A randomized multicenter study evaluating limited discectomy with and without the Barricaid® is currently underway, and will provide a higher level of evidence.
Dual Energy CT Characterization of Urinary Calculi: Initial In Vitro and Clinical Experience (2008)

With dual energy CT techniques, the UA, cystine, struvite, and mixed renal calculi can be differentiated from other types of stones in vitro and in vivo. This is of clinical relevance as UA uroliths may be treated pharmacologically rather than with surgical extraction or extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy.
Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. (1989)

We developed a multidimensional coping inventory to assess the different ways in which people respond to stress. Five scales (of four items each) measure conceptually distinct aspects of problem-focused coping (active coping, planning, suppression of competing activities, restraint coping, seeking of instrumental social support); five scales measure aspects of what might be viewed as emotional-focused coping (seeking of emotional social support, positive reinterpretation, acceptance, denial, turning to religion); and three scales measure coping responses that arguably are less useful (focus on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement). Study 1 reports the development of scale items. Study 2 reports correlations between the various coping scales and several theoretically relevant personality measures in an effort to provide preliminary information about the inventory's convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 uses the inventory to assess coping responses among a group of undergraduates who were attempting to cope with a specific stressful episode. This study also allowed an initial examination of associations between dispositional and situational coping tendencies.
Fluctuation and linkage relations in macromolecular solution (1990)

It is shown in the appendix that the derivatives of the excess free energy of a macromolecule in solution, with respect to the activities of other solution components, lead to fluctuation and linkage relations among these other components. Solution fluctuation theory is used, but it is specialized to the fluctuations and correlations associated with the presence of a macromolecule, and is developed with a modified ensemble. The relations of the appendix are used to analyze the interaction of two solution components, A and B, with the macromolecule and with one another. Three cases are considered: (1) A and B are ligands that bind stoichiometrically to the macromolecule. This case reduces to Wyman's binding polynomial analysis. (2) A and B are two substances at high concentration that interact selectively with the macromolecule. (3) A is a species that binds stoichiometrically to the macromolecule, while B is a component at high concentration that interacts weakly with the macromolecule.
Optical and Multimodality Molecular Imaging (2009)

Imaging approaches that visualize molecular targets rather than anatomic structures aim to illuminate vital molecular and cellular aspects of atherosclerosis biology in vivo. Several such molecular imaging strategies stand ready for rapid clinical application. This review describes the growing role of in vivo optical molecular imaging in atherosclerosis and highlights its ability to visualize atheroma inflammation, calcification, and angiogenesis. In addition, we discuss advances in multimodality probes, both in the context of multimodal imaging as well as multifunctional, or "theranostic," nanoparticles. This review highlights particular molecular imaging strategies that possess strong potential for clinical translation.
Development of therapeutic agents for older patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. (2010)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a disease more common in older patients than in the young. It is increasingly recognized that conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies used in children and young adults may not be appropriate in older adults because of diverse host- and disease-biology factors. This review highlights some of the most promising new treatment options that are being evaluated for older patients with AML. These options include CPX-351 (Celator Pharmaceuticals Inc), a unique liposomal formulation of a fixed ratio of cytarabine and daunorubicin; timed sequential therapy with the CDK inhibitor alvocidib (flavopiridol; sanofi-aventis/NCI); the second-generation purine nucleoside analog clofarabine; the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib (Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC); and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors decitabine and azacitidine.
Down-regulation of beta 1C integrin, an inhibitor of cell proliferation, in prostate carcinoma. (1996)

The beta 1C integrin, a member of the cell adhesion receptor superfamily, is an alternatively spliced variant of the beta 1A subunit and, in contrast to its wild-type counterpart, inhibits cell proliferation in vitro. The expression of beta 1C integrin in tumor cell growth was investigated. In benign and neoplastic human prostate tissues, immunohistochemical analysis performed using affinity-purified antibodies specific for beta 1C demonstrated a predominant epithelial expression of beta 1C in benign prostate glands with marked staining of the apical, basal, and lateral surfaces. In the adjacent prostate adenocarcinoma glands, the beta 1C variant was dramatically down-regulated in 27 of 34 (79%) analyzed cases, whereas the expression and distribution of its wild-type counterpart, beta 1A, remained unchanged. Tumors exhibiting different Gleason's patterns showed that beta 1C was down-regulated in comparison with the benign tissue regardless of the histological grade. Immunoblotting analysis, using affinity-purified antibodies specific for beta 1C, was performed, in a quantitative manner, to compare beta 1C expression in benign and tumor prostate tissue. The results showed that beta 1C was expressed in benign prostate tissue whereas it was undetectable in prostate adenocarcinoma. Taken together, these data show that beta 1C integrin down-regulation in prostate tissues correlates with a neoplastic phenotype consistent with its in vitro growth-inhibitory properties. These findings indicate a novel pathophysiological role for this integrin variant in tumorigenesis.
Role of Thioredoxin 1 and Thioredoxin 2 on Proliferation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2010)

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a ubiquitous redox protein that is involved in numerous biological functions, including the first unique step in DNA synthesis. TRX provides control over a number of transcription factors affecting cell proliferation and death through a mechanism referred to as redox regulation. In mammals, there are at least 3 members of the TRX family: TRX1, TRX2, and sperm TRX. To investigate the role of TRX1 and TRX2 in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSC), we modulated TRX1 and TRX2 expressions in hADSC using a lentiviral gene transfer system and small interfering RNA technique. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the changes in expression of TRX1 and TRX2 in lentivirus-transduced or small interfering RNA-transfected cells. Although overexpression of TRX1 and TRX2 did not affect the differentiation of hADSC into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, it increased the proliferation of hADSC compared with control lentivirus-transduced cells, decreased reactive oxygen species production, and inhibited oxidant-induced cell death. Downregulation of TRX1 and TRX2 inhibited cell proliferation. The treatment of U0126 blocked TRX-induced increase in cell proliferation. Overexpression of TRX1 and TRX2 increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and β-catenin/Tcf promoter activities and inhibited lucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 expression. On the contrary, downregulation of TRX1 and TRX2 expression induced inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and β-catenin/Tcf promoter activities and increased lucine zipper tumor suppressor 2 expression. Activation of Wnt signal increased ERK1/2 activities in hADSC. These results indicated that TRX1 and TRX2 regulate the proliferation and survival of hADSC; these processes are mediated by the activation of ERK1/2.
A machine learning approach for constrained sensor placement (2015)

Sensor placement is of pivotal importance in closed-loop control as measurements are key to design the control laws. In this article, a novel machine learning-based sensor placement algorithm is proposed in order to recover a high-dimensional field from a limited amount of local measurements with a linear estimator. Unlike many other methods, our algorithm does not rely on a reduced order model and achieves good results even with a small number of sensors. In many situations, sensors cannot be placed arbitrarily, either because of their geometry or because of the environment they are in. Our algorithm naturally accounts for these constraints as well as being robust to noise. Its performance is illustrated on a fluid flow example and compared to two state of the art methods, Effective Independence and FrameSense, on the recovery of the pressure field from limited noisy pressure measurements.
Interactive graphics for plastic surgery (1992)

We have implemented a system for Computer-Aided Plastic Surgery. Planning plastic surgery procedures is complex because the surgeon needs to stretch and reshape the patient's skin to replace missing tissue while minimizing distortion of the surrounding tissue. Traditional planning techniques rely on the surgeon's experience to select among a myriad of possible procedure designs. While mathematica1 techniques for predicting the outcome of surgery have been proposed in the past, these are not in widespread use by surgeons because they require the surgeon to perform manual constructions and geometric calculations. Our system makes the analysis process easier by allowing the surgeon to draw the surgical plan directly on a 3D model of the patient. An automatic mesh generator is used to convert that drawing into a well-formulated problem for finite element analysis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Natriuretic Peptides for Heart Failure (2005)

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Ac Surface Photovoltages in Strongly-Inverted Oxidized p-Type Silicon Wafers* (1984)

Surface photovoltages in Si wafers excited with a chopped 559 nm-wavelength photon beam are analysed using a new half-sided junction model. In this model, the wafer surface with the depletion layer is considered to be one half of the p-n junction. Chopping frequency ranges from 2 Hz through 20 kHz. Four 76 mm-diameter p-type Si wafers having resistivities of 260, 92, 17 and 1.0 mΩ m are used after forming 360 nm-thick wet-oxide layer on their front surfaces. In these wafers, photovoltage increases with resistivity. In three high-resistivity wafers with strongly-inverted surfaces, the inversion capacitances and conductances limit the photovoltages at low frequencies. The obtained inversion time-constant is 7 s for the 17 mΩ m wafer.