gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-photon fluorescence endoscopy with a micro-optic scanning head (2003)

A major obstacle in the race to develop two-photon fluorescence endoscopy is the use of complicated bulk optics to transmit an ultrashort-pulsed laser beam and return the emitted fluorescence signal. We describe an all-fiber two-photon fluorescence microendoscope based on a single-mode optical fiber coupler, a microprism, and a gradient-index rod lens. It is found that the new endoscope exhibits an axial resolution of 3.2 microm and is capable of imaging transverse cross sections of internal cylindrical structures as small as approximately 3.0 mm in diameter. This device demonstrates the potential for developing a real-time diagnostic tool for biomedical research without the need for surgical biopsy and may find applications in photodynamic therapy, microsurgery, and early cancer detection.
Calculation of impulse responses and acoustic parameters in a hall by the finite-difference time-domain method (2008)

Impulse responses in a hall were calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and typical room acoustic parameters were obtained from the responses. The calculated parameters were compared with those actually measured in the hall. In the FDTD calculation, the impedance boundary condition was modeled by an equivalent mechanical system comprising masses, springs, and dampers. To calculate the impulse responses, the normal acoustic impedance of the interior finishing materials of the various surfaces in the hall were measured by applying the impedance-tube method, and the model of the room boundary condition was determined for the respective parts. A comparison between the calculated and measured values showed that the values of reverberation time RT, definition D50, clarity C80, and center time Ts were in good agreement in the middle-frequency bands. However, in low-frequency bands, large discrepancies were observed because of the difficulties in determining and modeling the boundary conditions.
Restriction of cell lysis by homologous complement: I. An analysis of membrane attack complex formation on target membranes (1988)

The hemolytic efficiency and binding of C9 to homologous and heterologous erythrocytes was evaluated by using a standardized passive sensitization procedure to prepare antigen- and antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA) and human serum for lysis. Heterologous bovine EA were readily lysed by human serum, whereas human EA were quite resistant to lysis. Human EA bound as many C8 and C9 molecules per cell as bovine EA when incubated under identical conditions, but four times as much bound C9 was required to lyse an equal number of human EA compared with bovine EA. The susceptibility of human erythrocytes did not increase when increased volumes of undiluted human serum were used although C9 binding increased to as much as 100,000 molecules per cell. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant polymerized C9 (poly(C9)) was detected on both lysed ghosts and unlysed EA bearing complement proteins C1 through C9 (EAC1–9) after incubation with undiluted human serum; however, the ratio of poly(C9) to monomeric C9 was higher on unlysed cells than on ghosts. Although bovine and human EA bound equal amounts of human C9 at the end point, the rate of lysis and C9 uptake was slower on homologous cells. The rate-limiting step occurred before C9 binding and lysis because the rates of lysis and C9 binding were equal on homologous and heterologous EAC1–8 targets, but the extent of lysis of homologous cells was still lower than lysis of heterologous cells. Human erythrocytes lose restriction against homologous hemolysis during storage in autologous plasma or in isotonic buffers.
Peptide transport by the multidrug resistance pump. (1992)

The membrane P-glycoprotein (P170) is an ATP-hydrolyzing transmembrane pump, and elevated levels of P170, due to higher expression with or without amplification of the multidrug resistance gene (mdr1), result in resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents in mammalian cells. The function of the P170 pump has been proposed as a protection against toxic substances present in animal diets. Here we describe a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that was selected for resistance to a synthetic tripeptide, N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN). This ALLN-resistant variant shows the classical multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, including overexpression and amplification of the mdr1 gene. Additionally, a mouse embryo cell line overexpressing the transfected mdr1 gene is likewise resistant to ALLN. Our results demonstrate that P170 is capable of transporting peptides and raise the possibility that the mdr1 gene product or other MDR-like genes, present in the genome of mammalian cells, may be involved in secretion of peptides or cellular proteins as is the case with the structurally similar hylB and ste6 gene products of Escherichia coli and yeast, respectively.
Genome sequence of Streptococcus mutans UA159, a cariogenic dental pathogen (2002)

Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries (tooth decay) worldwide and is considered to be the most cariogenic of all of the oral streptococci. The genome of S. mutans UA159, a serotype c strain, has been completely sequenced and is composed of 2,030,936 base pairs. It contains 1,963 ORFs, 63% of which have been assigned putative functions. The genome analysis provides further insight into how S. mutans has adapted to surviving the oral environment through resource acquisition, defense against host factors, and use of gene products that maintain its niche against microbial competitors. S. mutans metabolizes a wide variety of carbohydrates via nonoxidative pathways, and all of these pathways have been identified, along with the associated transport systems whose genes account for almost 15% of the genome. Virulence genes associated with extracellular adherent glucan production, adhesins, acid tolerance, proteases, and putative hemolysins have been identified. Strain UA159 is naturally competent and contains all of the genes essential for competence and quorum sensing. Mobile genetic elements in the form of IS elements and transposons are prominent in the genome and include a previously uncharacterized conjugative transposon and a composite transposon containing genes for the synthesis of antibiotics of the gramicidin/bacitracin family; however, no bacteriophage genomes are present.
PylSn and the Homologous N-terminal Domain of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Bind the tRNA That Is Essential for the Genetic Encoding of Pyrrolysine (2012)

Pyrrolysine is represented by an amber codon in genes encoding proteins such as the methylamine methyltransferases present in some Archaea and Bacteria. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) attaches pyrrolysine to the amber-suppressing tRNA(Pyl). Archaeal PylRS, encoded by pylS, has a catalytic C-terminal domain but an N-terminal region of unknown function and structure. In Bacteria, homologs of the N- and C-terminal regions of archaeal PylRS are respectively encoded by pylSn and pylSc. We show here that wild type PylS from Methanosarcina barkeri and PylSn from Desulfitobacterium hafniense bind tRNA(Pyl) in EMSA with apparent K(d) values of 0.12 and 0.13 μM, respectively. Truncation of the N-terminal region of PylS eliminated detectable tRNA(Pyl) binding as measured by EMSA, but not catalytic activity. A chimeric protein with PylSn fused to the N terminus of truncated PylS regained EMSA-detectable tRNA(Pyl) binding. PylSn did not bind other D. hafniense tRNAs, nor did the competition by the Escherichia coli tRNA pool interfere with tRNA(Pyl) binding. Further indicating the specificity of PylSn interaction with tRNA(Pyl), substitutions of conserved residues in tRNA(Pyl) in the variable loop, D stem, and T stem and loop had significant impact in binding, whereas those having base changes in the acceptor stem or anticodon stem and loop still retained the ability to complex with PylSn. PylSn and the N terminus of PylS comprise the protein superfamily TIGR03129. The members of this family are not similar to any known RNA-binding protein, but our results suggest their common function involves specific binding of tRNA(Pyl).
EMERGING ROLES FOR CYSTEINE PROTEASES IN HUMAN BIOLOGY (1997)

Cysteine proteases have traditionally been viewed as lysosomal mediators of terminal protein degradation. However, recent findings refute this limited view and suggest a more expanded role for cysteine proteases in human biology. Several newly discovered members of this enzyme class are regulated proteases with limited tissue expression, which implies specific roles in cellular physiology. These roles appear to include apoptosis, MHC class II immune responses, prohormone processing, and extracellular matrix remodeling important to bone development. The ability of macrophages and other cells to mobilize elastolytic cysteine proteases to their surfaces under specialized conditions may also lead to accelerated collagen and elastin degradation at sites of inflammation in diseases such as atherosclerosis and emphysema. The development of inhibitors of specific cysteine proteases promises to provide new drugs for modifying immunity, osteoporosis, and chronic inflammation.
FP406THE ROLE OF ACTIVIN SIGNALING IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY OF CKD-MBD (2015)

• Renal osteodystrophy is an integral component of chronic kidney disease-mineral/bone disorder (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD is strongly associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).1 • Activin A is a transforming growth factor-β superfamily protein that is found at high levels in bone; its signaling is through the type II activin A receptor (ActRIIA).2-4 • Inhibin, an inhibitor of activin A signaling, is produced in the ovaries and stimulates bone growth.2,5 • Decreased inhibin expression is associated with post-menopausal bone loss.5 – Non-clinical studies suggest that RAP-011 (the murine ActRIIA-IgG1 analog to the human investigational product sotatercept) modulates the balance between bone formation and bone resorption activity by blocking signaling through ActRIIA.2,6,7 – In a 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model of CKD that exhibits bone loss, bone mass measurements were significantly improved with 8 weeks of RAP-011 treatment compared with the control mice.6 • A mouse model of ldlr-/high-fat, 5/6 nephrectomy recapitulates many aspects of CKD-MBD, including vascular calcification, hyperphosphatemia, elevated FGF-23, and hyperparathyroidism.8 • Despite hyperparathyroidism, loss of bone mass is associated with adynamic bone disease assessed by histomorphometry in the CKD mice.8 • In the ldlr-/high-fat fed, 5/6 nephrectomy model of vascular calcification, RAP-011 inhibited Smad-dependent signaling, blocked aortic osteoblastic transition, increased vascular smooth muscle protein levels, and decreased CKD-stimulated vascular calcification.9 • The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of activin signaling in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy.
Characterization of primitive subpopulations of normal and leukemic cells present in the blood of patients with newly diagnosed as well as established chronic myeloid leukemia (1996)

Elevated numbers of primitive Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) progenitors, including long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) as well as colony-forming cells (CFC), have been previously described in the blood of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase with high white blood cell counts. In the present study, which focused primarily on an analysis of circulating progenitors present in such patients at diagnosis, we discovered the frequent and occasionally exclusive presence of circulating normal (Ph-) LTC-IC, often at levels above those seen for LTC-IC in the blood of normal individuals. The presence of detectable numbers of circulating Ph- LTC-IC was independent of the fact that the same peripheral blood samples also contained elevated numbers of predominantly or exclusively Ph+ CFC. Interestingly, both the Ph+ and Ph- LTC-IC in these samples were CD34+CD71- and variably CD38- and Thy-1+, as previously documented for LTC-IC in normal marrow. Thus, neither CD38 nor Thy-1 expression was useful for discriminating between Ph+ and Ph- LTC-IC in mixed populations. Nevertheless, an association of these phenotypes with LTC-IC function did allow highly enriched (> 5% pure) suspensions of either Ph+ or Ph- LTC-IC to be obtained from selected samples of CML blood in which the initial LTC-IC population was either predominantly Ph+ or Ph-, respectively. These findings suggest that the mechanisms causing mobilization of leukemic stem cells in untreated CML patients may affect their normal counterparts. They also indicate a possible new source of autologous cells for the support of intensive therapy of CML patients. Finally, they provide a method for obtaining the most highly purified populations of Ph+ LTC-IC described to date. This method should be useful for further analyses of the molecular activities of these very primitive neoplastic cells.
Heat denaturation of fibrinogen to develop a biomedical matrix (2007)

Native and heat denatured fibrinogen are the basis for various matrices used to establish hemostasis as well as for constructing biomedical devices. For example, fibrin microbeads (FMB) prepared by a heated ( approximately 70 degrees C) oil emulsion process were reported to be attractive to mesenchymal-type cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and useful for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow. Here, we examined the solution properties of fibrinogen subjected to heat (47-60 degrees C). Fibrinogen exhibited maximal stability of pH(max stab) = 6.8. At physiologically relevant concentrations, Ca(II) stabilized and Zn(II) destabilized fibrinogen against heat denaturation. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of precipitated, heat denatured, fibrinogen showed globular structures ( approximately 400 nm diameter), composed of aggregates of >3000 fibrinogen monomers. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to various regions of fibrinogen, as well as two polyclonal antibody (Ab) to haptotactic peptides (Haptides) equivalent to or near the C-termini of beta and gamma-chains (beta(463-483) and gamma(372-391/411)), were used to monitor epitopic changes of fibrinogen bound to and heated on plastic ELISA plates. The pattern of altered Ab binding indicated that fibrinogen heat denaturation on plastic exposed the C-terminal epitope gamma(397-411) as well as Haptide epitopes (beta(463-483) and gamma(372-391)). Immuno-staining of FMB prepared by a heated (below 75 degrees C) oil emulsion process, also presented many exposed Haptide epitopes, which probably helped to attract cells. Our results indicated that moderately heat-denatured fibrinogen, in the form of FMB, could be used for cell culturing and biomedical applications.
Functional Arginine Residues in Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase (1979)

Conference Article| October 01 1979 Functional Arginine Residues in Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase PETER GACESA; PETER GACESA 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, Wales U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KENNETH S. DODGSON; KENNETH S. DODGSON 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, Wales U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANTHONY H. OLAVESEN ANTHONY H. OLAVESEN 1Department of Biochemistry, University College, P.O. Box 78, Cardiff CF1 1XL, Wales U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (5): 1058–1060. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0071058 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PETER GACESA, KENNETH S. DODGSON, ANTHONY H. OLAVESEN; Functional Arginine Residues in Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1979; 7 (5): 1058–1060. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0071058 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: Hepes, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Standardisation of spirometry (2005)

This is a document produced by a joint ATS-ERS Task Force on lung function testing to provide new combined standards for Spirometry. It walks the reader through all the important elements of the test, from instrument to procedure quality control. One of the major steps forward is the recommendation that a standardised computer output format should be available on all instruments. This does not require equipment manufacturers to store their data in a specific format, but it does require them to provide a means of delivering the data in a standard way. This means that users won't be tied to a specific manufacturer in order to maintain their database structure. It also means that it will be relatively easy to write software to move spirometric data into healthcare databases where they can be used to monitor and guide therapy for patients with lung diseases. Such data can also be used for clinical research, including research into the efficacy of using pulmonary function tests in managing patients. Furthermore, International Organization for Standardization metrology terminology (www.iso.org) has been adopted.
Antitumor mechanisms of orally administered shiitake fruit bodies. (1987)

When tumor-bearing mice were given diet containing fruit bodies of shiitake (L-feed), the tumor growth was apparently inhibited. To elucidate the mechanisms of this action, the effects of the L-feed on the production superoxide anion (SOA) by macrophages and the cytotoxicity of natural killer T cells were studied. When MM-46 carcinoma-bearing C3H mice were maintained on L-feed (containing 20% shiitake powder), SOA production by macrophages was increased about 2.0 to 2.3 times. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activities of natural killer cells and killer T cells were increased 1.9 times and 1.4 times, compared with their counterparts from normal C3H mice fed on shiitake-free diet. These results suggest that shiitake powder given orally activates various effector cells to attack tumor cells. It appears to potentiate cellular functions and at the same time to prevent a decrease of immune function of the tumor-bearing host.
Estudio de los efectos de la ayuda al desarrollo sobre el comportamiento fiscal de los gobiernos en Centroamérica (2006)

Desde su aparición, el papel y la efectividad de la ayuda al desarrollo ha sido una cuestión muy debatida tanto por la comunidad científica como por otras esferas de la sociedad, políticos, técnicos y evidentemente, la población civil. Pese al notable descenso en los flujos de ayuda internacional durante la última década del siglo pasado, esta vía de financiación sigue jugando un papel esencial en numerosos países receptores, sobre todo en los países más pobres. La Declaración del Milenio de las Naciones Unidas (2000) y en especial, el Consenso de Monterrey (2002), han supuesto todo un relanzamiento del marco de financiación internacional al desarrollo, en el que ocupa un lugar destacado la ayuda al desarrollo. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al análisis del impacto de la ayuda al desarrollo a través de su efecto sobre el gobierno receptor. Las decisiones adoptadas por el gobierno sobre el destino de la ayuda recibida constituyen un procedimiento substancial para explorar su impacto macroeconómico. El caso de estudio elegido ha sido Centroamérica al tratarse de una región que ha recibido una gran cantidad de ayuda al desarrollo en las últimas décadas y también, por la incertidumbre y el debate existente en torno a su eficacia en estos países.
Quantitative analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretograms. (1979)

A method for quantitative analysis of complex film density distributions in autoradiograms is described. The method is intended particularly for measuring the distribution of radioactivity among the proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis but should, of course, be suited to analyzing other two dimensional separations. The film density distribution is first digitized by a high speed rotating drum scanner to generate the image data array that is stored on a magnetic disk. Subsequent analysis involves: 1) data averaging, 2) detection of contours and of their locations, 3) splitting of overlapping spots, 4) conversion of film density to radioactive intensity by means of calibration films, and 5) differentiation and integration to measure the total radioactivity contained in the protein which generates a spot in the autoradiogram. The product of the analysis is a numbered contour map and a table listing coordinates and radioactivity content of each resolved spot. Coordinate transformations for comparison and matching of autoradiograms are also described. A set of utility programs print and graph the data at intermediate stages of the analysis in order to facilitate the checking of procedures and programs.
Prospective, Randomised Trial of Two Doses of rFVIIa (NovoSeven) in Haemophilia Patients with Inhibitors Undergoing Surgery (1998)

Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa: NovoSeven; Novo Nordisk) has proven efficacy in the treatment of haemophilic patients with inhibitors. This prospective, double-blind study compared rFVIIa (35 vs. 90 microg/kg) in the initiation and maintenance of haemostasis during and after elective surgery. Patients with inhibitors (FVIII, n = 26; FIX, n = 3) received rFVIIa immediately prior to incision; intraoperatively as needed; every 2 h for the first 48 h; and every 2-6 h for the following 3 days. Haemostasis was evaluated during surgery, at 0, 8, 24 and 48 h and 3, 4 and 5 days after wound closure. After day 5, open-label rFVIIa (90 microg/kg) was available for maintenance. Intraoperative haemostasis was achieved in 28/29 patients. All high-dose patients and 12/15 low dose patients had satisfactory haemostasis during the first 48 h. Twenty-three patients (13/14 high dose) successfully completed the study. Although the 35 microg/kg dose is probably sub-optimal for post-operative management, at least in major procedures, rFVIIa 90 microg/kg is an effective first-line option in surgery for patients with inhibitors.
Pandora - an experimental system for multimedia applications (1990)

Pandora is a joint project between Olivetti Research Cambridge and the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory. The project is investigating the use of multimedia workstations in a working environment with particular emphasis on digital video. It endeavours to place a camera on the desktop to make generation of multimedia documents as easy as producing text. We are aiming to produce a number of new applications as well as to provide insights into the way computer systems should be designed.The project is in three stages. In the first a peripheral, Pandora's Box, has been designed. This box can be attached to any one of a range of workstations and provides multimedia features. In the second stage a number of such systems are being deployed amongst a community of systems developers and application writers. Finally we will use the experimental system in our daily work to evaluate new applications. From the users point of view the normal workstation environment is maintained but additional features are available.This paper describes the design decisions which must be taken when incorporating video in a workstation. A description of the Pandora's Box peripheral which provides multimedia features is given. Finally the distributed system under construction is discussed.