gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to both cyst and root‐knot nematodes conferred by transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin (1997)

Plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. Transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. The approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. A modified rice cystatin, Oc-I delta D86, expressed as a transgene in Arabidopsis thaliana, has a profound effect on the size and fecundity of females for both Heterodera schachtii (beet-cyst nematode) and Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode). No females of either species achieved the minimum size they require for egg production. Ingestion of Oc-I delta D86 from the plant was correlated with loss of cysteine proteinase activity in the intestine thereby suppressing normal growth, as required of an effective antifeedant plant defence.
Three-dimensional laser-induced photoacoustic tomography of mouse brain with the skin and skull intact (2003)

Three-dimensional laser-induced photoacoustic tomography, also referred to as optoacoustic tomography, is developed to image animal brain structures noninvasively with the skin and skull intact. This imaging modality combines the advantages of optical contrast and ultrasonic resolution. The distribution of optical absorption in a mouse brain is imaged successfully. The intrinsic optical contrast reveals not only blood vessels but also other detailed brain structures, such as the cerebellum, hippocampus, and ventriculi lateralis. The spatial resolution is primarily diffraction limited by the received photoacoustic waves. Imaged structures of the brain at different depths match the corresponding histological pictures well.
Bromodomain: an acetyl‐lysine binding domain (2002)

Bromodomains, an extensive family of evolutionarily conserved protein modules originally found in proteins associated with chromatin and in nearly all nuclear histone acetyltransferases, have been recently discovered to function as acetyl-lysine binding domains. More recent structural studies of bromodomain/peptide ligand complexes have enriched our understanding of differences in ligand selectivity of bromodomains. These new findings demonstrate that bromodomain/acetyl-lysine recognition can serve as a pivotal mechanism for regulating protein-protein interactions in numerous cellular processes including chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation, and reinforce the concept that functional diversity of a conserved protein modular structure is achieved by evolutionary changes of amino acid sequences in the ligand binding site.
Vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation by cell differentiation and activated second messenger pathways. (1992)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic polypeptide that has been isolated from a variety of tumorigenic and nontransformed cell lines. Because of the importance of blood vessel growth to cell and tissue development, we have examined VEGF gene expression in a variety of mouse tissues and rodent models of cellular differentiation. Using a cloned murine VEGF cDNA we show that VEGF mRNA is expressed at relatively low levels in many adult mouse tissues examined. However, this message is dramatically induced in two models of cell differentiation: 3T3-adipose conversion and C2C12 myogenic differentiation. VEGF protein secretion is also induced in adipocyte differentiation. VEGF mRNA is markedly regulated in a pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell model of transformation and differentiation. The transformed undifferentiated cells express moderate levels of VEGF mRNA and this expression is virtually extinguished when cells differentiate into non-malignant neuron-like cells. Experiments employing phorbol esters and cAMP analogues indicate that VEGF mRNA expression is stimulated in preadipocytes by both protein kinase C and protein kinase A-mediated pathways. These results suggest that VEGF mRNA levels are closely linked to the process of cellular differentiation; they also clearly demonstrate that expression of this angiogenic factor is specifically regulated in a transformed cell line, possibly via aberrant activation of cellular second messenger pathways.
Isolation and differentiation properties of neural crest stem cells (2012)

A wide array of neural and non-neural cell types arises from the neural crest during vertebrate embryogenesis. The neural crest forms transiently in the dorsal neural primordium to yield migratory cells that will invade nearly all tissues and later, differentiate into bones and cartilages, vascular smooth muscle cells, connective tissues, neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, endocrine cells, and melanocytes. Due to the amazingly diversified array of cell types they generate, the neural crest cells represent an attractive model in the stem cell field. We review here in vivo and in vitro studies of individual cells, which led to the discovery and characterization of neural crest progenitors endowed with multipotency and stem cell properties. We also present an overview of the diverse types, marker expression, and locations of the neural crest-derived stem cells identified in the vertebrate body, with emphasis on those evidenced recently in mammalian adult tissues.
On chronic prostatitis with special studies of Staphylococcus epidermidis. (1989)

Patients with chronic prostatitis have an increased number of white blood cells in expressed prostatic secretion. Two groups can be separated, one is characterized by uropathogenic bacteria in expressed prostatic secretion and recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic bacterial prostatitis. In this group an immune response to the bacteria has been demonstrated. Patients belonging to the other group, non-bacterial prostatitis, have similar symptoms. Many harbour Gram-positive bacteria in a high number, often Staphylococcus epidermidis in expressed prostatic secretion. This bacteria is usually not considered in prostatitis in spite of extreme high numbers. The etiology of non-bacterial inflammations is thus unknown. Forty-three per cent of the patients with chronic prostatitis had Gram-positive bacteria and 13% had Gram-negative in expressed prostatic secretion. Forty-four per cent of patients referred with symptoms of prostatitis did not have any aerobic bacteria at the prostatic level in sufficient number for the diagnosis bacterial prostatitis according to Meares and Stamey and form thus a third group. Antibiotic treatment of patients with non-bacterial prostatitis reduced symptoms but also changed the bacterial flora in urethral and prostatic secretion in such a way that uropathogens were found after treatment. In a group of patients an immunologic response to Staph. epidermidis was searched for by measuring complement components (C3c, C4c) as well as ceruloplasmin in serum and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG) in seminal plasma. A specific ELISA method to estimate antibodies in serum against Staph. epidermidis was tested. No specific pattern separated patients from controls or patients with Gram-negative bacteria from patients with Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus saprophyticus in cultures from men with prostatitis were more frequent in the third quarter of the year. The bacteria seemed to appear during or after antibiotic treatment but disappeared spontaneously during a follow-up period of six months. Treatment with the surfactant sodium pentosanpolysulphate, a heparinoid, given orally to patients with chronic prostatitis reduced concomitant pain in muscles and joints. The possibility of an altered host factor function in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes of patients with chronic non-bacterial prostatitis colonized with Staph. epidermidis was investigated. Chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing were reduced in vitro and may to a part explain the bacteriological findings. Careful evaluations must thus be performed of earlier neglected factors to reach better knowledge of the chronic prostatitis.
Phase I study of a vaccine using recombinant vaccinia virus expressing PSA (rV‐PSA) in patients with metastatic androgen‐independent prostate cancer (2002)

Given the low toxicity profile and the evidence of immunologic activity, we believe future study is warranted with PSA-based vaccines in prostate cancer. New PSA-based vaccines and vaccine strategies are currently being evaluated.
Prevention and Control of Influenza; Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (2002)

This report updates 1998 recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (MMWR 1998;47[No. RR-6]:1-26). The principal changes include a) information on the influenza virus strains included in the 1999-2000 trivalent vaccine; b) discussion of the potential expanded use of influenza vaccine; c) new background information on live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), neuraminidase-inhibitor drugs, and rapid diagnostic tests; d) new information on the epidemiology of influenza among travelers; and e) the addition of referenced citations. This report and other information on influenza can be accessed at the website for the Influenza Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC at <http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluvirus.htm>.
A Protein Interaction Map of Drosophila melanogaster (2003)

Drosophila melanogaster is a proven model system for many aspects of human biology. Here we present a two-hybrid-based protein-interaction map of the fly proteome. A total of 10,623 predicted transcripts were isolated and screened against standard and normalized complementary DNA libraries to produce a draft map of 7048 proteins and 20,405 interactions. A computational method of rating two-hybrid interaction confidence was developed to refine this draft map to a higher confidence map of 4679 proteins and 4780 interactions. Statistical modeling of the network showed two levels of organization: a short-range organization, presumably corresponding to multiprotein complexes, and a more global organization, presumably corresponding to intercomplex connections. The network recapitulated known pathways, extended pathways, and uncovered previously unknown pathway components. This map serves as a starting point for a systems biology modeling of multicellular organisms, including humans.
Global multielectrode contact mapping plus ablation with a single catheter: Preclinical and preliminary experience in humans with atrial fibrillation (2017)

PVI isolation could be performed with the new multielectrode array Globe in all 12 PVs offering the option for easy handling and fast "single-shot" PVI. Several continuously updated mapping types from 122 electrodes even in real time during ablation demonstrate the capability to go beyond PVI for voltage mapping plus substrate modification, and for rotor mapping plus rotor ablation.
Time course of exchanges between red cells and extracellular fluid during CO2 uptake (1975)

A stopped-flow rapid-reaction apparatus was used to follow the time course of extracellular pH in a human red cell suspension following a sudden increase in PCO2. The extracellular pH change was slow (t1/2 similar to 3.5 s) considering the presence of carbonic anhydrase in the cells. When carbonic anhydrase was added to the extracellular fluid, the half-time was reduced to less than 20 ms. The explanation for these phenomena is that the equilibration of H+ across the red cell membrane is rate-limited by the uncatalyzed reaction CO2 plus H2O formed from H2CO3 outside the cells. A theoretical model was developed which successfully reproduced the experimental results. When the model was used to simulate CO2 exchange in vivo, it was determined that blood PCO2 and pH require long times (greater than 50 s) to approach equilibrium between cells and plasma after leaving an exchange capillary. We conclude that cell-plasma equilibrium may never be reached in vivo, and that in vitro measurements of these quantities may not represent their true values at the site of sampling.
Capillary rarefaction is more closely associated with CKD progression after cisplatin, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia-reperfusion-induced AKI than renal fibrosis (2019)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a strong independent predictor of mortality and often results in incomplete recovery of renal function, leading to progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many clinical trials have been conducted on the basis of promising preclinical data, but no therapeutic interventions have been shown to improve long-term outcomes after AKI. This is partly due to the failure of preclinical studies to accurately model clinically relevant injury and long-term outcomes on CKD progression. Here, we evaluated the long-term effects of AKI on CKD progression in three animal models reflecting diverse etiologies of AKI: repeat-dose cisplatin, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate as a clinically relevant measure of kidney function and quantification of peritubular capillary density to measure capillary rarefaction, we showed that repeat-dose cisplatin caused capillary rarefaction and decreased renal function in mice without a significant increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI led to severe interstitial fibrosis, but renal function and peritubular capillary density were preserved. Furthermore, long-term experiments in mice with unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury showed that restoration of renal function 12 wk after a contralateral nephrectomy was associated with increasing fibrosis, but a reversal of capillary rarefaction was seen at 4 wk. These data demonstrate that clear dissociation between kidney function and fibrosis in these models of AKI to CKD progression and suggest that peritubular capillary rarefaction is more strongly associated with CKD progression than renal fibrosis.
Galois representations with conjectural connections to arithmetic cohomology (2002)

In this paper we extend a conjecture of A. Ash and W. Sinnott relating niveau 1 Galois representations to the $\mod p$ cohomology of congruence subgroups of ${\rm SL}\sb n(\mathbb {Z})$ to include Galois representations of higher niveau. We then present computational evidence for our conjecture in the case $n=3$ in the form of three-dimensional Galois representations which appear to correspond to cohomology eigenclasses as predicted by the conjecture. Our examples include Galois representations with nontrivial weight and level, as well as irreducible three-dimensional representations that are in no obvious way related to lower-dimensional representations. In addition, we prove that certain symmetric square representations are actually attached to cohomology eigenclasses predicted by the conjecture.
Proinflammatory cytokine production by human keratinocytes stimulated with Propionibacterium acnes and P. acnes GroEL (2004)

Stimulation of cytokine production by P. acnes and P. acnes GroEL may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne vulgaris and may have wider implications for the immunomodulation of the human immune system by commensal skin microorganisms.
Monodisperse droplet generation and rapid trapping for single molecule detection and reaction kinetics measurement (2008)

On-chip monodisperse droplet analysis systems are ideal for low concentration and single molecule applications because they partition reagents into identical picoliter or smaller reactor volumes that can be observed in real-time. We present a novel trapping method with droplet stopping times of approximately 38 ms that is applicable to most on-chip droplet generators. The technique greatly extends optical interrogation times without droplet motion or coalescence; and will allow on-chip single molecule detection of nanoparticle emitters with simple optics. The method maintains droplet monodispersity without chemistry-altering surfactants, and has been shown to preserve a stationary droplet stream through repetitive high-temperature thermal cycling with no additional energy input required to maintain droplet position.
Gate drive design considerations for high voltage cascode GaN HEMT (2014)

This paper investigates gate drive design for high voltage gallium nitride (GaN) high electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) in a cascade structure. High dv/dt and di/dt switching characteristics of GaN device and its influences on high-side gate drive are analyzed on an 8.4kW bidirectional multi-channel buck/boost battery charger operating in critical conduction mode (CRM). Driving candidates for high-side gate drive are reviewed, and digital isolator based driving architecture is proposed with discussion of PCB layout and package parasitics. Experimental results are conducted in each step for concepts validation.
Syndecan-1 and Its Expanding List of Contacts (2014)

<b>Significance:</b> The binding of cytokines and growth factors to heparan sulfate (HS) chains on proteoglycans generates gradients that control development and regulate wound healing. Syndecan-1 (sdc1) is an integral membrane HS proteoglycan. Its structure allows it to bind with cytosolic, transmembrane, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. It plays important roles in mediating key events during wound healing because it regulates a number of important processes, including cell adhesion, cell migration, endocytosis, exosome formation, and fibrosis. <b>Recent Advances:</b> Recent studies reveal that sdc1 regulates wound healing by altering integrin activation. Differences in integrin activation lead to cell-type-specific changes in the rate of cell migration and ECM assembly. Sdc1 also regulates endocytosis and the formation and release of exosomes. <b>Critical Issues:</b> Understanding how sdc1 facilitates wound healing and resolution will improve treatment options for elderly and diabetic patients with delayed wound healing. Studies showing that sdc1 function is altered in cancer are relevant to those interested in controlling fibrosis and scarring. <b>Future Directions:</b> The key to understanding the various functions ascribed to sdc1 is resolving how it interacts with its numerous binding partners. The role played by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on the ability of sdc1 to associate with its ligands needs further investigation. At wound sites heparanase can cleave the HS GAG chains of sdc1, alter its ability to bind cytokines, and induce shedding of the ectodomain. This review will discuss how the unique structure of sdc1 allows it to play key roles in cell signaling, ECM assembly, and wound healing.
The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Blockade in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (2002)

The experimental evidence in support of the role of tumor necrosis factor in heart failure stems from the observations that tumor necrosis factor exerts negative inotropic effects and is capable of promoting fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy in animal models. More importantly, cardiac specific tumor necrosis factor levels are regulated by pressure and volume load in animals and in humans. Therefore, a series of clinical small trials were conducted with etanercept, a highly specific anti-tumor necrosis factor-blocking agent that indicated a potential therapeutic role. However, two large randomized clinical trials powered to determine the effect of etanercept and infliximab on mortality have demonstrated no clinical benefit. The explanation of those findings are not clear; however, based on the strength of the experimental evidence one can conclude that perhaps other nonspecific approaches to manipulate the immune system may be of benefit.
Slimmer organiseren voorkomt stress (2014)

Alle aandacht voor werkstress begin november 2014 richtte zich vooral op wat werkenden daartegen kunnen doen. Een gemiste kans, vinden Frank Pot en Peter Smulders, omdat niet naar de oorzaak wordt gekeken. Die ligt namelijk in de wijze waarop de arbeid is georganiseerd. Meer eigen regelmogelijkheden voor werkenden kan stress voorkomen.
Therapeutic angiogenesis (1998)

Therapeutic angiogenesis constitutes a fundamental survival mechanism that acts to preserve the integrity of tissues subjected to ischemia. Supplemental administration of angiogenic cytokines--as recombinant protein or plasmid DNA--have been shown to augment collateral development when endogenous angiogenesis is suboptimal for organ function, and thus constitute a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. These angiogenic cytokines, all of which share in common the ability to act as mitogens for endothelial cells, do not promote angiogenesis in an indiscriminate fashion; thus angiogenic cytokines selectively produce neovascularization in the ischemic tissues. The purpose of this review is to consider the mechanisms responsible for therapeutic angiogenesis which develops endogenously as well as strategies which have been devised to augment this response. The development of blood vessels is considered from the context of the embryonic paradigm; certain principles which have emerged from studies of pathologic neovascularization; and, principally, the development of collateral blood vessels supplying ischemic tissues, either endogenously or in response to administered growth factors.
LEVANTAMENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS COMERCIALIZADAS POR RAIZEIROS DO MERCADO MUNICIPAL CENTRAL DE MONTES CLAROS – MG (2015)

Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento popular sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, a forma correta de preparo, parte botânica utilizada e indicações das plantas medicinais comercializadas por raizeiros do Mercado Municipal Central de Montes Claros-MG. Metodologia: foram entrevistados três raizeiros a partir de um questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: os raizeiros citaram 36 plantas, conhecidas pelos nomes populares e utilizadas pela população como medicinais. Destas, 13 foram citadas por todos os entrevistados pelos nomes populares, sendo elas: barbatimão, batata-de-purga, boldo, camomila, carqueja, catuaba, cavalinha, ipê–roxo, jatobá, marapuama, mastruço, quebra-pedra e sucupira. Ocorreu maior prevalência de folhas (43%) como parte botânica para a utilização medicinal. As demais partes são casca (27%), raiz (16%), flor (8%), caule (3%), sementes (3%), sendo que algumas plantas possuem mais de uma parte utilizada. Quanto ao modo de preparo, prevalece a forma de chá através de infusão (46%), seguido de decocção (40%) e maceração (14%). As espécies de plantas medicinais mais procuradas estão relacionadas a problemas digestivos e renais, pois são de uso rotineiro, fácil diagnóstico e mais conhecidas pela população regional. O uso das plantas medicinais está relacionado ao baixo custo e tradição familiar, e os usuários recebem informações a respeito sobre a eficácia em certas enfermidades. Conclusão: existe um grande emprego de plantas no tratamento de diversas doenças pela população regional. Na maioria das vezes, as indicações, modo de utilização e a parte utilizada foram coincidentes com os registros da literatura, demonstrando conhecimento dos raizeiros sobre as espécies medicinais citadas e seu poder curativo.
Ertumaxomab: a trifunctional antibody for breast cancer treatment (2008)

Ertumaxomab is an intact bispecific antibody targeting HER2/neu and CD3 with preferential binding to activating Fcgamma type I/III-receptors, resulting in the formation of a tri-cell complex among tumour cell, T cell and accessory cell. Recently, the antibody demonstrated antitumour efficacy against HER2/neu low-expressing tumours resistant to trastuzumab. Data from a completed Phase I study in metastatic breast cancer patients indicates strong immune responses. Owing to efficient tumour cell destruction by humoral and T-cell-dependent mechanisms, differing from conventional HER2/neu directed treatments, and a potential for long-lasting antitumour immunoreactivity, ertumaxomab is at present investigated within Phase II studies enrolling metastatic breast cancer patients even without HER2/neu gene amplification.