gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Policy-Aware Service Composition in Sensor Networks (2012)

Sensor applications are typically composed of a number of functional components that run distributedly on the nodes of a sensor network, communicating and interacting with one another. Service composition is emerging as a viable approach towards the automatic synthesis of such sensor applications. However, for service composition to be practical, it has to comply with policies that define security and management constraints on the use of these service components and the interconnections amongst them. Prior research efforts have primarily focused on efficient evaluation of security policies during the composition process, which is not sufficient when generic network management constraints need to be expressed and evaluated. In this work, we propose a policy model and evaluation approach that enables us to define and check attribute-based policies, for controlling the sensor service composition process. Attribute-based policies are generic and allows us to express a wider spectrum of constraints than currently possible. Using this model and based on a previously-proposed sensor service composition algorithm, we introduce a policy evaluation method that allows for efficient checking of policy constraints. We further present a novel implementation of the proposed approach in the IBM Sensor Fabric, a middleware framework that simplifies the development of distributed, sensor network services. We also present preliminary performance evaluation results using our prototype.
Preliminary studies on a more effective phototoxic agent than hematoporphyrin. (1987)

Phototoxicity of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) has been tested in vitro and compared with that of hematoporphyrin (HP). After 1-hour activation with visible light, BPD was 10 times more cytotoxic than HP toward human adherent cell lines: A549 lung cancer, Calu-1 lung carcinoma, and CCD-19Lu normal lung, killing 100% of cells at the concentration of 70 ng/ml. Under the same conditions, BPD was 10-70 times more cytotoxic than HP toward nonadherent cells and cell lines. Tested were human leukemia cell lines HL60, K562, and KG1, normal human lymphocytes, and mouse mastocytoma cell line P815. The concentrations required to kill 100% of cells varied between 10 and 500 ng BPD/ml and between 0.2 and 10 micrograms HP/ml. The difference between the nonadherent cell lines in respect to their sensitivity to phototoxicity of both BPD and HP seemed to be related to the cell sizes, with the smallest cells being the most vulnerable. The most attractive characteristic of BPD in addition to its powerful phototoxicity is its maximum absorption around 700 nm, which is in the range of wavelengths penetrating tissues the best. This characteristic alone could make BPD a drug of choice in cancer photodynamic therapy when the safety of its use is ensured. Preliminary tests in vivo have shown that DBA/2J mice can tolerate a single ip injection of 20-60 micrograms BPD as well as the same dose of HP. The biodistribution and toxicity studies of BPD are under way in our laboratory.
Superoxide Dismutase and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity (1993)

Three forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) exist in the lung: CuZnSOD, MnSOD and extracellular SOD. Evidence suggests that both CuZnSOD and MnSOD are important in pulmonary defense against oxygen toxicity. Enhancement of pulmonary levels of CuZnSOD by transgenic overexpression of CuZnSOD, or tracheal insufflation of liposome-encapsulated or polyethylene glycol-conjugated CuZnSOD, protects animals against oxygen toxicity. Likewise, transgenic overexpression of MnSOD, or induction of endogenous MnSOD by endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor, or interleukin 1, also protects animals against oxygen toxicity. The role of extracellular SOD in the pulmonary defense against oxygen toxicity is not clear.
Cellular composition of rat bone marrow stroma. Antigen-defined subpopulations. (1989)

Although stromal cells establish the architecture of mammalian bone marrow and organize hemopoiesis, the interrelationships among their macrophage, fibroblastic, endothelial, and adipocyte-like components are not wholly understood. Using murine monoclonal antibodies to cultured adherent cells of rat bone marrow, we observed that the predominant fibroblastoid cells grown from marrow differed from those of non-hemopoietic organs. The marrow type bore a detectable quantity of the ST3 but not ST4 antigen, whereas those from lung, diaphragm, and epididymal fat pad, bore more ST4 than ST3. Those from spleen were an equal mix of both types. Although the tissue distribution of the ST3 antigen was similar to that of Thy-1, it was not identical, and in the brain, the two structures were localized in different areas. While none of the ST3, ST4 (fibroblast directed), or BN(MB)35 (myeloid directed) antibodies recognized fat cells cultured from marrow, the ST10 antibody, selected for binding to marrow derived fat cells, stained peripheral adipose cells, unidentified aglobular cells in areas of fat cell formation, and macrophages, but not fibroblasts. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that the fibroblastoid cells of the marrow are different from those of non-hemopoietic tissues.
A pulse-radiolysis study of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1977)

In the preceding paper the mechanism of catalysis of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was shown to involve a 'fast cycle' and a 'slow cycle' [McAdam, Fox, Lavelle & Fielden, 1977 (Biochem. J. 165, 71-79)]. Further properties of the enzyme was considered in the present paper. Pulse-radiolysis studies, under conditions of low substrate concentration to (i.e. when the fast cycle predominates), showed that enzyme activity decreases as pH increases (6.5-10.2). Activity was unaffected by the addition of H2O2 or NaN3 but slightly decreased by KCN. Both H2O2 and the reducing radical anion CO2-- caused a decrease in A480 of the native enzyme. The rate of the fast catalytic cycle was independent of temperature (5-55 degrees C), and as temperature increases the slow cycle becomes relatively more important. Arrhenius parameters of the rate contants were estimated. The possible identity of the various forms of the enzyme is considered.
Mutagen-induced resistance to mycophenolic acid in hamster cells can be associated with increased inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. (1981)

Cell variants resistant to the cytotoxic effect of mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (IMP:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.14), were selected by a one-step procedure from Chinese hamster V79 cells. The frequency of these variants was increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and after an expression time of 8 days. The degree of resistance in five of the six isolated cell variants was associated with a comparable increase in the specific activity of IMP dehydrogenase, which was 3- to 6-fold higher than that of the parent V79 cells. The IMP dehydrogenase activity from both the variants and the V79 cells had a similar affinity for the substrate IMP with a Km of about 20 microM and a similar response to mycophenolic acid with a Ki of 12-16 nM. It is suggested that cell variants with an altered regulation of IMP dehydrogenase activity may be helpful in studying the control of nucleic acid biosynthesis, cell growth, and carcinogenesis. Mycophenolic acid resistance also may be useful as a marker in short-term assays for the identification of potential chemical carcinogens.
Neurobeachin Is Essential for Neuromuscular Synaptic Transmission (2004)

We report a random disruption in the mouse genome that resulted in lethal paralysis in homozygous newborns. The disruption blocked expression of neurobeachin, a protein containing a BEACH (beige and Chediak-Higashi) domain implicated in synaptic vesicle trafficking and an AKAP (A-kinase anchor protein) domain linked to localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity. nbea-null mice demonstrated a complete block of evoked synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions, whereas nerve conduction, synaptic structure, and spontaneous synaptic vesicle release were completely normal. These findings support an essential role for neurobeachin in evoked neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions and suggest that it plays an important role in synaptic transmission.
Temperature dependent ultrasonic characterization of biological media (2011)

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is an imaging technique that can be used to quantify tissue microstructure giving rise to scattered ultrasound. Other ultrasonic properties, e.g., sound speed and attenuation, of tissues have been estimated versus temperature elevation and found to have a dependence with temperature. Therefore, it is hypothesized that QUS parameters may be sensitive to changes in tissue microstructure due to temperature elevation. Ultrasonic backscatter experiments were performed on tissue-mimicking phantoms and freshly excised rabbit and beef liver samples. The phantoms were made of agar and contained either mouse mammary carcinoma cells (4T1) or chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) as scatterers. All scatterers were uniformly distributed spatially at random throughout the phantoms. All the samples were scanned using a 20-MHz single-element f/3 transducer. Quantitative ultrasound parameters were estimated from the samples versus increases in temperature from 37 °C to 50 °C in 1 °C increments. Two QUS parameters were estimated from the backscatter coefficient [effective scatterer diameter (ESD) and effective acoustic concentration (EAC)] using a spherical Gaussian scattering model. Significant increases in ESD and decreases in EAC of 20%-40% were observed in the samples over the range of temperatures examined. The results of this study indicate that QUS parameters are sensitive to changes in temperature.
Overexpression of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Antigen in Gallbladder Carcinoma Is an Independent Marker for Poor Survival (2004)

These results demonstrate for the first time that Ep-CAM overexpression is an independent prognostic marker in gallbladder carcinoma and that its prognostic impact should be validated prospectively. Furthermore, the Ep-CAM antigen represents an attractive target for specific therapies with monoclonal antibodies or specific vaccines in patients with Ep-CAM-overexpressing gallbladder carcinoma.
Characterization of the 92,000-dalton glycoprotein induced by herpes simplex virus type 2 (1984)

Evidence is presented showing that the 92,000-dalton glycoprotein (g92K) induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 has properties distinct from those assigned to any other HSV glycoprotein. First, the carbohydrate composition and extent of sulfation differ from those of glycoproteins D and E. Second, two clonally unrelated monoclonal antibodies, AP1 and LP5, shown in this paper to specifically immunoprecipitate g92K, do not react with any of the known processed forms of glycoproteins B, C, D, and E. Third, by using HSV type 1/HSV type 2 intertypic recombinants and a simple radioimmunoassay, the target antigen of the two monoclonal antibodies was shown to map in the same region as g92K (0.846 to 0.924). Fourth, the intertypic recombinant R12-3 was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of infected cells to induce the HSV type 2 g92K and HSV type 1 gD and GE, whereas R12-1, which did not induce g92K, induced HSV-2 gE and an altered gD, providing genetic evidence that g92K is encoded, at least in part, by a different region of the genome from that encoding gD and gE.
Exploring the interactions and attitudes of international and domestic students in a New Zealand tertiary institution (2004)

In the last decade there has been rapid growth of the New Zealand export education industry. This, combined with the current environment where tertiary classroom interaction and friendships may lead to future global business relationships, has meant that understanding interactions and attitudes between local and overseas students has become particularly relevant. This paper explores the nature and level of interaction between international and domestic students both within a tertiary classroom environment and a social context. Eighty-eight students enrolled in a business school at a New Zealand tertiary institution were surveyed to determine their current level of interaction with students from the same and different ethnic groups. Additionally, attitudes that the student groups held towards each other were analysed as moderating factors of cross-cultural interaction. It was found that interaction primarily occurred between students of the same student group and when students did interact with those from different ethnic backgrounds, it tended to be for academic rather than social activities. As expected, the attitudes and perceptions of both student groups regarding each other were established to be generally positive, suggesting the lack of interaction is not attitudinally based. Thus additional examination of factors limiting student interaction is warranted. Moreover, it is proposed that future research should investigate the impact of interventionist strategies implemented by tertiary institutions to encourage interaction between different student groups.
Automated Filtration-Based High-Throughput Plasmid Preparation System (1999)

Current methods of plasmid preparation do not allow for large capacity automated processing. We have developed an automated high-throughput system that prepares plasmid DNA for large-scale sequencing. This system is based on our previously reported filtration method. In this method, cell harvesting, alkaline lysis, and plasmid purification occur in a single 96-well microtiter plate from which sequence-ready DNA samples are collected. The plates are designed to allow all reagents to be injected from above the wells and the spent reagents to be aspirated from below. This design has enabled us to build a linear process plasmid preparation system consisting of an automated filter plate stacker and a 21-stage automated plasmid preparator. The 96-well plates used are outfitted with glass-filters that trap Escherichia coli before the plates are stacked in the automated stacker. The plates move from the stacker to each of the 21 stages of the preparator. At specific stages, various reagents or chemicals are injected into the wells from above. Finally, the plates are collected in the second stacker. The optimal throughput of the preparator is 40,000 samples in 17.5 hr. Here, we describe a pilot experiment preparing 15,360 templates in 160 specially designed 96-well glass-filter plates. The prepared plasmids were subjected to restriction digestion, DNA sequencing, and transcriptional sequencing.
Comparison of different labeling methods for two-channel high-density microarray experiments (2002)

In this report we evaluate three methods for labeling nucleic acids to be hybridized to a cDNA microarray: direct labeling, indirect amino-allyl labeling, and the dendrimer labeling method (Genisphere). The dendrimer method requires the smallest quantity of sample, 2.5 microg of total RNA compared with 20 microg with the direct or indirect methods. Therefore, we wanted to know whether the performance of the dendrimer method is comparable to the other methods, or whether significant information is lost. Performance can be considered in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, and reproducibility of the quantitative signals for gene intensity. We compared the three labeling methods by generating three sets of eight self-to-self hybridizations using the same total RNA sample in all cases ("replicate study"). In our analysis, we controlled for the effects of print-tip and background subtraction biases. We also performed a smaller study, namely, a dilution series study with five dilution points per labeling method, to evaluate one aspect of predictive ability. From the replicate study, the dendrimer method appeared to perform as well, and often better, with respect to reproducibility and ability to detect expression. However, in the dilution series study, this method was outperformed by the other two in terms of predictive ability and did not perform very well. These findings are helping to guide our decisions on what labeling method to use for subsequent studies, based on the purpose of a specific study and its limitations in terms of available material.
A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators (1998)

A general model is introduced which is capable of making accurate, quantitative predictions about the phase noise of different types of electrical oscillators by acknowledging the true periodically time-varying nature of all oscillators. This new approach also elucidates several previously unknown design criteria for reducing close-in phase noise by identifying the mechanisms by which intrinsic device noise and external noise sources contribute to the total phase noise. In particular, it explains the details of how 1/f noise in a device upconverts into close-in phase noise and identifies methods to suppress this upconversion. The theory also naturally accommodates cyclostationary noise sources, leading to additional important design insights. The model reduces to previously available phase noise models as special cases. Excellent agreement among theory, simulations, and measurements is observed.
Effects of percutaneous electrical stimulation on peripheral nerve regeneration using silicone rubber chambers (2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 0.8-1 mA, 2 Hz of percutaneous electrical stimulation could affect the regeneration of a 10-mm gap of rat sciatic nerve created between the proximal and distal nerve stumps, which were sutured into silicone rubber tubes. Six weeks after implantation, though the group receiving the electrical stimulation had a lower success percentage of regeneration (57%) compared with the controls receiving no stimulation (70%), quantitative histology of the successfully regenerated nerves revealed that the mean values of the axon density, blood vessel number, blood vessel area, and percentage of blood vessel area in total nerve area in the group with the electrical stimulation were all significantly larger than those in the controls (p < 0.05). These results showed that the electrical stimulation could elicit rehabilitating effects on the regenerated nerves.
Memory Expansion Technology (MXT): Competitive impact (2001)

Memory Expansion Technology (MXT™) has been discussed in a number of forums. It is a hardware-implemented means for software-transparent on-the-fly compression of the main-memory content of a computer system. For a very broad set of workloads, it provides a compression ratio of 2:1 or better. This ability to compress and store data in fewer bytes effectively doubles the apparent capacity of memory at minimal cost. While it is clear that a doubling of memory at little cost is bound to improve the price/performance of a system that can be offered to customers, the magnitude of the impact of MXT on price/performance has not been quantified. This paper estimates the range of price/performance improvements for typical workloads from available data. To summarize, the results indicate that MXT improves price/performance by 25% to 70%. The competitive impact of such a large step function in price/performance from a single technology is profound; it is comparable to the entire gross margin in the comp etitive market for “PC servers.”
Evidence of Extranuclear Cell Sensitivity to Alpha-Particle Radiation Using a Microdosimetric Model. II. Application of the Microdosimetric Model to Experimental Results (2009)

A microdosimetric model was used to analyze the results of experimental studies on cells of two lymphoid cell lines (T2 and Ada) irradiated with (213)Bi-radiolabeled antibodies. These antibodies targeted MHC/peptide complexes. The density of target antigen could be modulated by varying the concentration of the peptide loaded onto the cells. This offered the possibility of changing the ratio of specific (from cell-bound antibody) to non-specific (from antibody present in the supernatant) irradiation. For both cell lines, survival plotted as a function of the mean absorbed dose was a decreasing exponential. For the T2 cells, the microdosimetric sensitivity calculated for the whole cell was equal whether the irradiation was non-specific (z(0) = 0.12 +/- 0.02 Gy) or specific (z(0) = 0.12 +/- 0.09 Gy). Similar results were obtained for Ada cells. These results constitute a biological validation of the microdosimetric model. For both cells, the measured cell mortality was greater than the percentage of hit cells calculated with the model at low mean absorbed doses. This observation thus suggests bystander effects. It poses the question of the relevance of the mean absorbed dose to the cell nuclei. A new concept in cellular dosimetry taking into account cytoplasm or membrane irradiation and bystander modeling appears to be needed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylation and Decarbonylation under Hydrothermal Conditions:  Decarboxylative Deuteration (2004)

[reaction: see text] Decarboxylation of free carboxylic acid was performed by Pd/C catalyst under hydrothermal water (250 degrees C/4 MPa). Under the hydrothermal conditions of deuterium oxide, decarbonylative deuteration was observed to give fully deuterated hydrocarbons from carboxylic acids or aldehydes.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme ent‐kaurene synthase B from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) (1996)

The first committed step in the formation of diterpenoids leading to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis is the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) to ent-kaurene. ent-Kaurene synthase A (KSA) catalyzes the conversion of GGDP to copalyl diphosphate (CDP), which is subsequently converted to ent-kaurene by ent-kaurene synthase B (KSB). A full-length KSB cDNA was isolated from developing cotyledons in immature seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.). Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed from the amino acid sequences obtained from the purified protein to amplify a cDNA fragment, which was used for library screening. The isolated full-length cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein, which demonstrated the KSB activity to cyclize [3H]CDP to [3H]ent-kaurene. The KSB transcript was most abundant in growing tissues, but was detected in every organ in pumpkin seedlings. The deduced amino acid sequence shares significant homology with other terpene cyclases, including the conserved DDXXD motif, a putative divalent metal ion-diphosphate complex binding site. A putative transit peptide sequence that may target the translated product into the plastids is present in the N-terminal region.
Modified embedded atom potentials for HCP metals (1994)

The modified embedded atom method (MEAM) is an empirical extension of embedded atom method (EAM) that includes angular forces. The MEAM, which has previously been applied to the atoms in the FCC, BCC, and diamond cubic crystal systems, has been extended to the HCP crystal structure. Parameters have been determined for HCP metals that have c/a ratios less than ideal. The model is fitted to the lattice constants, elastic constants, cohesive energy, vacancy formation energy, and the BCC-HCP structural energy difference of these metals and is able to reproduce this extensive data base quite well. Structural energies and lattice constants of the HCP metals in a number of cubic structures are predicted. The divacancy is found to be unbound in all of the metals considered except for Be. Stacking fault and surface energies are found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment.