gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust hand detection in Vehicles (2016)

The problems of hand detection have been widely addressed in many areas, e.g. human computer interaction environment, driver behaviors monitoring, etc. However, the detection accuracy in recent hand detection systems are still far away from the demands in practice due to a number of challenges, e.g. hand variations, highly occlusions, low-resolution and strong lighting conditions. This paper presents the Multiple Scale Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (MS-FRCNN) to handle the problems of hand detection in given digital images collected under challenging conditions. Our proposed method introduces a multiple scale deep feature extraction approach in order to handle the challenging factors to provide a robust hand detection algorithm. The method is evaluated on the challenging hand database, i.e. the Vision for Intelligent Vehicles and Applications (VIVA) Challenge, and compared against various recent hand detection methods. Our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art results with 20% of the detection accuracy higher than the second best one in the VIVA challenge.
Mobile Device Security Using Transient Authentication (2006)

Mobile devices are vulnerable to theft and loss due to their small size and the characteristics of their common usage environment. Since they allow users to work while away from their desk, they are most useful in public locations and while traveling. Unfortunately, this is also where they are most at risk. Existing schemes for securing data either do not protect the device after it is stolen or require bothersome reauthentication. Transient Authentication lifts the burden of authentication from the user by use of a wearable token that constantly attests to the user's presence. When the user departs, the token and device lose contact and the device secures itself. We show how to leverage this authentication framework to secure all the memory and storage locations on a device into which secrets may creep. Our evaluation shows this is done without inconveniencing the user, while imposing a minimal performance overhead
The stability of human beta-globin mRNA is dependent on structural determinants positioned within its 3' untranslated region (1996)

Controls that act at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels assure that globin genes are highly expressed in developing erythroid cells. The extraordinary stabilities of alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs permit globin proteins to accumulate to substantial levels in these cells, even in the face of physiologic transcriptional silencing. Structural features that determine alpha-globin mRNA stability have recently been identified within its 3'UTR; in contrast, the structural features that determine beta-globin mRNA stability remain obscure. The current study begins to define the structural basis for beta-globin mRNA stability. Two tandem antitermination mutations are introduced into the wild-type human beta-globin gene that permit ribosomes to read into the 3'UTR of the encoded beta-globin mRNA. The readthrough beta-globin mRNA is destabilized in cultured erythroid cells, indicating that, as in human alpha-globin mRNA, an unperturbed 3'UTR is crucial to maintaining mRNA stability. Additional experiments show that the beta-globin and alpha-globin mRNA 3'UTRs provide equivalent levels of stability to a linked beta-globin mRNA coding region, suggesting a parallel in their functions. However, destabilization of the antiterminated beta-globin mRNA is independent of active translation into the 3'UTR, whereas translation into the alpha-globin mRNA 3'UTR destabilizes a linked beta-globin coding region in a translationally dependent manner. This indicates that the alpha- and beta-globin 3'UTRs may stabilize linked mRNAs through distinct mechanisms. Finally, it is shown that neither of the two mutations that, in combination, destabilize the beta-globin mRNA have any effect on beta-globin mRNA stability when present singly, suggesting potential redundancy of stabilizing elements. In sum, the current study shows that a functionally intact beta-globin mRNA 3'UTR is crucial to maintaining beta-globin mRNA stability and provides a level of stability that is functionally equivalent to, although potentially mechanistically distinct from, the previously characterized alpha-globin mRNA 3'UTR stability element.
Inferring Congestion Sharing and Path Characteristics from Packet Interarrival Times (2001)

This paper presents new non-intrusive measurement techniques to detect sharing of upstream congestion and discover bottleneck router link speeds.Our techniques are completely passive and require only arrival times of packets and flow identifiers.Our technique for detecting shared congestion is based upon the observation that an aggregated arrival trace from flows that share a bottleneck has very different statistics from those that do not share a bottleneck.In particular the entropy of the inter-arrival times is much lower for aggregated traffic sharing a bottleneck.Additionally this paper identifies mode structure in the inter-arrival distribution that enables discovery of the link bandwidths of multiple upstream routers.We validate these ideas with extensive experiments on a wide-scale Internet testbed and with multiple rate controlling routers.We find that the method can detect any bottleneck sharing among hundreds of flows.The classification errors decrease exponentially in the number of traced packets.Further, the method copes well with heavy cross-traffic and the errors decrease exponentially as the fraction of cross traffic at the bottleneck decreases.Unlike prior proposals, our technique does not inject any new probe traffic, does not require any sender cooperation, and works with any type of traffic (UDP, TCP, or multicast), and a wide variety of queuing disciplines.The method is simple and fast enough to be real-time for rates beyond 10,000 packets per second.
The CD8 Population in CD4-deficient Mice Is Heavily Contaminated with MHC Class II–restricted T Cells (2004)

In experiments to study the impact of deficiency in CD4+ T cell help on the magnitude of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to pathogens, it was noted that in CD4 gene knockout mice, the CD8 population made significant responses to several nominally major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted epitopes in addition to the expected responses to MHC class I-restricted epitopes. A similar response by CD8+ T cells to class II-restricted epitopes was not observed in wild-type mice, or in mice that had been acutely depleted of CD4+ T cells just before the immunization. Coincident with this unexpected response to class II-restricted epitopes, it was also observed that the CD8+ response to the class I-restricted epitopes was consistently lower in CD4-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Further experiments suggested that these two observations are linked and that the CD8 population in CD4-/- mice may contain a majority of T cells that were actually selected by recognition of MHC class II molecules in the thymus. These results have implications for understanding CD4 versus CD8 lineage commitment in the thymus, and for the practical use of CD4-/- mice as models of helper deficiency.
Personal model‐assisted identification of NAD + and glutathione metabolism as intervention target in NAFLD (2017)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recruited 86 subjects with varying degrees of hepatic steatosis (HS). We obtained experimental data on lipoprotein fluxes and used these individual measurements as personalized constraints of a hepatocyte genome-scale metabolic model to investigate metabolic differences in liver, taking into account its interactions with other tissues. Our systems level analysis predicted an altered demand for NAD<sup>+</sup> and glutathione (GSH) in subjects with high HS Our analysis and metabolomic measurements showed that plasma levels of glycine, serine, and associated metabolites are negatively correlated with HS, suggesting that these GSH metabolism precursors might be limiting. Quantification of the hepatic expression levels of the associated enzymes further pointed to altered <i>de novo</i> GSH synthesis. To assess the effect of GSH and NAD<sup>+</sup> repletion on the development of NAFLD, we added precursors for GSH and NAD<sup>+</sup> biosynthesis to the Western diet and demonstrated that supplementation prevents HS in mice. In a proof-of-concept human study, we found improved liver function and decreased HS after supplementation with serine (a precursor to glycine) and hereby propose a strategy for NAFLD treatment.
Treatment of childhood renal osteodystrophy with calcitriol or ergocalciferol. (1985)

Quantitative bone histology, biochemistry and height velocities were studied in 18 children suffering from chronic renal failure. Eight received calcitriol, 7 ergocalciferol and 3, though alloted to a treatment group, failed to comply with therapy. A histochemical stain for aluminum showed heavy deposition at the calcification front in 3 patients; 2, in the calcitriol group had severe osteomalacia which worsened during treatment, and 1 in the ergocalciferol group had osteomalacia which did not improve. One had never undergone hemodialysis. Bone histology improved markedly in the remaining 12 patients, whichever vitamin D preparation was used; it was unchanged in 3 non-compliant children. Plasma calcium levels rose while parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels fell following both treatments, and were unchanged in non-compliant children. Hypercalcemia occurred more frequently following calcitriol therapy (11 episodes) than following ergocalciferol therapy (3 episodes). Height velocities, studied in 11 children, increased in 5 (3 on ergocalciferol and 2 on calcitriol) and were unchanged in 6 (1 on ergocalciferol, 5 on calcitriol). Improved bone histology did not correlate with increase in height velocity. As ergocalciferol and calcitriol had similar therapeutic effects and as side-effects were more common with calcitriol, it is concluded that calcitriol provides no advantage over ergocalciferol in the treatment of renal bone disease in children.
Adverse Events Associated with Testosterone Administration (2010)

In this population of older men with limitations in mobility and a high prevalence of chronic disease, the application of a testosterone gel was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events. The small size of the trial and the unique population prevent broader inferences from being made about the safety of testosterone therapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00240981.)
Regioselective oxyfunctionalization of unactivated tertiary and secondary carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkylamines by methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane in acid medium (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective oxyfunctionalization of unactivated tertiary and secondary carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkylamines by methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane in acid mediumGregorio Asensio, Maria Elena Gonzalez-Nunez, Carmen Boix Bernardini, Rossella Mello, and Waldemar AdamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7250–7253Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1918Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Downstream passage of silver eels at a small hydroelectric facility (2006)

Abstract A 100‐mm diameter bypass was installed in the dam face at a small hydropower station on the Mokau River, New Zealand, and its use by downstream migrating silver eels, Anguilla spp., was monitored by trapping at the outlet in autumn 2002 and 2003. In addition, a passive integrated transponder system was used to monitor passage over the spillway. Migrant eels were able to find the bypass, with 544 and 744 eels recorded using it in 2002 and 2003 respectively. Although the bypass was the sole means of safe passage at low flow, migrant eels passed down the spillway in preference to the bypass when the dam was overtopped during floods. A combination of spilling and small diameter bypasses would provide safe downstream passage at hydroelectric facilities for silver eels, so long as entrainment and impingement at the intake screens can be prevented.
Identification of Medically Important Candida and Non- Candida Yeast Species by an Oligonucleotide Array (2007)

The incidence of yeast infections has increased in the recent decades, with Candida albicans still being the most common cause of infections. However, infections caused by less common yeasts have been widely reported in recent years. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) and ITS 2 sequences of the rRNA genes, an oligonucleotide array was developed to identify 77 species of clinically relevant yeasts belonging to 16 genera. The ITS regions were amplified by PCR with a pair of fungus-specific primers, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR product to a panel of oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a nylon membrane for species identification. A collection of 452 yeast strains (419 target and 33 nontarget strains) was tested, and a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% were obtained by the array. The detection limit of the array was 10 pg of yeast genomic DNA per assay. In conclusion, yeast identification by the present method is highly reliable and can be used as an alternative to the conventional identification methods. The whole procedure can be finished within 24 h, starting from isolated colonies.
A low-voltage, low-power CMOS delay element (1996)

A low-voltage, low-power CMOS delay element is proposed. With a unit CMOS inverter load, a delay from 2.6 ns to 76.3 ms is achieved in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Based on a CMOS thyristor concept, the delay value of the proposed element can be varied over a wide range by a control current. The inherent advantage of a CMOS thyristor in low voltage domains enables this delay element to work down to the supply voltage of 1 V while the threshold voltage of the nMOS and pMOS transistors are 840 mV and -770 mV, respectively. The designed delay value is less sensitive to supply voltage and temperature variation than RC-based or CMOS inverter-based delay elements. Temperature compensation and jitter performance in a noisy environment are also discussed.
Identification of clusterin sequences mediating renal tubular cell interactions (1999)

Expression of the glycoprotein clusterin is markedly increased following tissue injury. One function of clusterin is to promote cell interactions which are perturbed in these pathologic settings. Clusterin causes cell aggregation and adhesion in vitro yet the molecular mechanism for this effect is not known. In order to identify the active site(s) of clusterin, 34 peptides, each 15 amino acid residues in length, were synthesized from hydrophilic regions of human clusterin. When studied individually, none of the peptides caused aggregation of LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine renal epithelial cell line. However, two out of the 34 peptides inhibited clusterin-induced cell aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Scrambled versions of these two 'active' peptides did not inhibit cell aggregation. Seven peptides promoted cell adhesion. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for novel amino acid sequences mediating clusterin-induced renal cell interactions.
Induction of reactive oxygen intermediates—dependent programmed cell death in human malignant ex vivo glioma cells and inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor production by taurolidine (2005)

Given all these findings, taurolidine may be a promising new agent in the treatment of malignant gliomas; it displays a combination of antineoplastic and antiangiogenic activities, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting tumor-derived VEGF production.
Orphan Receptor Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4 Antagonizes Estrogen Receptor -Mediated Induction of Human Coagulation Factor XII Gene (1998)

Factor XII (FXII) is a liver-specific zymogen involved in the regulation of hemostasis, particularly in the activation of fibrinolysis. Transcription of the FXII gene is stimulated by estrogens through specific interaction of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) with an estrogen response element present on FXII promoter. Interestingly, the magnitude of ER alpha induction in liver HepG2 cells is much lower than in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, suggesting that cell-specific factors may modulate ER alpha-dependent trans-activation. Comparative footprinting analysis of FXII promoter (from nucleotides -181 to +49) in liver vs. non-liver cell environments allowed identification of four deoxyribonuclease I-protected sites only in the presence of HepG2 nuclear extracts. Computerized homology search identified sites III and IV as consensus binding sequences for the liver-enriched transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4), formerly an orphan receptor belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid hormone nuclear receptors. In transient transfection assays in NIH3T3 cells, HNF-4 significantly inhibited (70%) estrogen induction of FXII promoter while not affecting basal promoter activity. Conversely, HNF-4 did not inhibit estrogen inducibility of FXII promoter in HepG2 cells due to the high endogenous levels of HNF-4 protein. In gel shift assays, HNF-4, either present in HepG2 nuclear extracts or generated by in vitro transcription/translation, specifically bound FXII promoter. This interaction is strictly required in eliciting the antagonistic effect because in NIH3T3 cells, selective mutations of sites III and IV abrogated HNF-4 inhibitory properties. In the liver-specific environment, the same mutant construct exhibited higher estrogen-dependent inducibility compared with native promoter. Rescue of estrogen responsiveness was also achieved using a dominant negative HNF-4, which counteracted endogenous HNF-4 activity. In conclusion, our findings address a direct role for HNF-4 in modulating estrogen-dependent transcription of the FXII gene promoter.
Composition and Structure of the Centromeric Region of Rice Chromosome 8[W] (2004)

Understanding the organization of eukaryotic centromeres has both fundamental and applied importance because of their roles in chromosome segregation, karyotypic stability, and artificial chromosome-based cloning and expression vectors. Using clone-by-clone sequencing methodology, we obtained the complete genomic sequence of the centromeric region of rice (Oryza sativa) chromosome 8. Analysis of 1.97 Mb of contiguous nucleotide sequence revealed three large clusters of CentO satellite repeats (68.5 kb of 155-bp repeats) and >220 transposable element (TE)-related sequences; together, these account for approximately 60% of this centromeric region. The 155-bp repeats were tandemly arrayed head to tail within the clusters, which had different orientations and were interrupted by TE-related sequences. The individual 155-bp CentO satellite repeats showed frequent transitions and transversions at eight nucleotide positions. The 40 TE elements with highly conserved sequences were mostly gypsy-type retrotransposons. Furthermore, 48 genes, showing high BLAST homology to known proteins or to rice full-length cDNAs, were predicted within the region; some were close to the CentO clusters. We then performed a genome-wide survey of the sequences and organization of CentO and RIRE7 families. Our study provides the complete sequence of a centromeric region from either plants or animals and likely will provide insight into the evolutionary and functional analysis of plant centromeres.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Unusual Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation: (1994)

The observations indicate that AF may be linked to "focal" mechanisms that can be treated by RF catheter ablation.
Osteopontin/Eta-1 upregulated in Crohn’s disease regulates the Th1 immune response (2005)

Increased OPN expression facilitates cytokine production and is closely involved in the Th1 immune response associated with CD.
Kaposi's Sarcoma (2000)

In 1872, Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist, described five men with aggressive “idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcomas of the skin.”1 One patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding 15 months after the initial appearance of the skin lesions, and an autopsy showed visceral lesions in the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Subsequently, other investigators described four clinical variants of Kaposi's sarcoma that had identical histologic features but developed in specific populations and had different sites of involvement and rates of progression (Table 1). In the light of recent discoveries regarding the viral pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, these variants most likely represent different manifestations . . .
A Role for the NF-κB Pathway in Cell Protection from Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (2012)

Nucleated cells are equipped with several mechanisms that support their resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The role of the NF-κB pathway in cell protection from CDC was examined. Elevated sensitivity to CDC was demonstrated in cells lacking the p65 subunit of NF-κB or the IκB kinases IKKα or IKKβ, and in cells treated with p65 small interfering RNA. Pretreatment with the IKK inhibitor PS-1145 also enhanced CDC of wild-type cells (WT) but not of p65(-/-) cells. Furthermore, reconstitution of p65 into p65(-/-) cells and overexpression of p65 in WT cells lowered their sensitivity to CDC. The postulated effect of p65 on the JNK-mediated death-signaling pathway activated by complement was examined. p65 small interfering RNA enhanced CDC in WT cells but not in cells lacking JNK. JNK phosphorylation induced by complement was more pronounced in p65(-/-) cells than in WT cells. The results indicate that the NF-κB pathway mediates cell resistance to CDC, possibly by suppressing JNK-dependent programmed necrotic cell death.
“Clickable” Metal−Organic Framework (2008)

We demonstrated the metal-organic framework bearing the azide group in the organic linkers and in situ click reactions with some small alkynes. The XRPD patterns indicated that the click reaction proceeded without any decomposition of the original MOF network. Controlling the organic linkers and incorporation of the azide groups should provide the designer-made MOFs that have controlled molecular cavities with the desired steric dimensions and functionality.