gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a sliding scale protocol for heparin on the ability to maintain whole blood activated partial thromboplastin times within a desired range in hemodialysis patients. (1996)

A prospective, randomized and open study was conducted to evaluate the ability of an individualized heparin dosing protocol to achieve and maintain whole blood activated partial thromboplastin times (WBAPPT) within a predetermined range in hemodialysis patients. Thirty-one hemodialysis outpatients who received a total of 99 dialyses were studied. Systemic heparinization was achieved with a loading dose and a continuous infusion. WBAPPT, used as a monitoring parameter for heparin therapy, was measured at 5 minutes and 1, 2, 3 and 3 1/2 hours after the start of heparinization. An initial heparin loading dose of 50 u/kg dry weight was used, with a continuous infusion of 15 u/kg/h and a sliding scale to adjust infusion rates to target WBAPPT in the goal range of 150-190 seconds. Individual heparin loading doses for subsequent treatment sessions were titrated to achieve the lowest dose which would still result in clear dialyzers at the end of hemodialysis. There was a high degree of interindividual variability in heparin requirements. A loading dose of 20-25 u/kg placed the majority (72.4%) of the patients within the 150-190 seconds range at the 5 min WBAPPT measurement. The sliding scale method was effective in keeping about 60% of the WBAPPT within the desired range throughout the rest of the hemodialysis session. As the loading or total doses were increased, the incidence of clear dialyzers increased. In conclusion, this heparin protocol is effective for individualizing heparin doses to achieve therapeutic WBAPPT in hemodialysis patients.
Paracrine effect of transplanted rib chondrocyte spheroids supports formation of secondary cartilage repair tissue (2009)

The study's objective was to investigate if transplanted chondrocyte or periosteal cell spheroids have influence on ingrowing bone marrow-derived cells in a novel cartilage repair approach in miniature pigs. Autologous rib chondrocytes or periosteal cells were cultured as spheroids and press-fitted into cavities that were milled into large, superficial chondral lesions of the patellar joint surface. Within the milled cavities, the subchondral bone plate was either penetrated or left intact (full-thickness or partial-thickness cavities). The transplantation of chondrocyte spheroids into full-thickness cavities induced the formation of additional secondary repair cartilage that exceeded the original volume of the transplanted spheroids. The resulting continuous tissue was rich in proteoglycans and stained positive for type II collagen. Cell labeling revealed that secondarily invading repair cells did not originate from transplanted spheroids, but rather from arroded bone marrow. However, secondary invasion of repair cells was less pronounced following transplantation of periosteal cells and absent in partial-thickness cavities. According to in vitro analyses, these observations could be ascribed to the ability of chondrocyte spheroids to secrete relevant amounts of bone morphogenetic protein-2, which was not detected for periosteal cells. Transplanted chondrocyte spheroids exert a dual function: they provide cells for the repair tissue and have a stimulatory paracrine activity, which promotes ingrowth and chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived cells.
The "HemoQuant" test: a specific and quantitative determination of heme (hemoglobin) in feces and other materials. (1983)

Abstract We describe a new, specific, quantitative method for fecal blood, based on conversion of nonfluorescing heme to fluorescing porphyrins, that obviates serious deficiencies inherent in currently used tests. A two-reagent system is used to determine the two hemoglobin-related fractions that are found in feces. The hot citric acid extract includes only the variable fraction of porphyrins that have been preformed from heme in the intestinal tract; this often is the major fraction. Total hemoglobin is indirectly determined by reaction with heated oxalic acid:FeSO4 reagent, which converts the remaining heme to porphyrin without loss of the preformed porphyrins. A three-step purification procedure eliminates interfering materials. Analytical recovery of added hemoglobin is linearly related to concentration over a several-thousand-fold range. The assay is equally applicable to whole blood or to sub-microgram amounts of hemoglobin in the 8-mg (wet weight) fecal sample tested. Quality control by liquid chromatographic and fluorometric analysis documents fluorescence specificity of the heme-derived porphyrins.
Potential antitumor agents. 13. Bisquaternary salts (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antitumor agents. 13. Bisquaternary saltsG. J. Atwell and B. F. CainCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 6, 673–678Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00264a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00264a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Access control in multicast packet switching (1993)

Access control and performance for multicast packet switching in a broadband network environment are studied. In terms of scheduling the transmission of the copies of the packet onto output ports, two basic service disciplines are defined: one-shot scheduling (all the copies transmitted in the same time slot) and call splitting (transmission over several time slots). As subcategories of call splitting, SS (strict-sense) specifies that each packet can send at most one copy to the destination per time slot, whereas WS (wide-sense) does not carry this restriction. A scheme called revision scheduling, which mitigates the head-of-line (HOL) blocking effect by sequentially combining the one-shot scheduling and the call splitting disciplines, is proposed. Output contention resolution implementations, in the form of combinational logic circuits designed to resolve output contentions arising in each of the call scheduling disciplines, are introduced. A neural-network-based contention resolution algorithm is proposed to demonstrate the improvement of the optimal scheduling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enteric neurons express Steel factor-lacZ transgene in the murine gastrointestinal tract (1996)

The cells that express Steel factor (SLF) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were studied using SLF-lacZ transgenic mice. Expression, detected by beta-galactosidase histochemistry, was evident in cells between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the GI tract. Double staining with antibodies specific for the neural markers, PGP 9.5, MAP2 and c-Ret, showed that SLF-lacZ positive cells were enteric neurons. Enteroglia did not express SLF-lacZ. The distribution of expressing cells was complimentary to the expression of c-Kit in myenteric interstitial cells.
Does an enzyme other than thrombin contribute to unexpected changes in the levels of the different forms of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in patients with hemophilia A, hemophilia B and von Willebrand disease? (2004)

Pro-thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (pro-TAFI), also called plasma procarboxypeptidase B or U, is one of the modulators of fibrinolysis in blood. Pro-TAFI is activated by thrombin/thrombomodulin complex or by plasmin to a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme (TAFI) of 35.8 kD molecular weight. TAFI spontaneously becomes inactive as a result of a temperature-dependent conformational change in the protein (TAFIi). In this study, pro-TAFI, total TAFI antigen and TAFI-TAFIi antigen levels were measured in 32 patients with hemophilia A, 4 patients with hemophilia B, 21 patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) and 13 healthy controls. A statistically significant decrease in pro-TAFI was found in all groups (10.72+/-4.57 mg/L (p<0.001); 8.00+/-2.35 mg/L (p<0.01) and 8.98+/-2.33 mg/L (p <0.001) for hemophilia A, hemophilia B and VWD, respectively) compared to controls (17.85+4.61 mg/L). A statistically significant increase in TAFI-TAFIi antigen was found in hemophilia A (1.05+/-1.01 mg/L) (p<0.05) and in VWD patients (0.96+/-1.01 mg/L) (p<0.05) compared to controls (0.55+/-0.36 mg/L). There was no difference in total TAFI antigen levels between any group of patients and the controls. Neither did pro-TAFI nor TAFI-TAFIi levels differ within the group of hemophilia A patients in relation to severity (mild, moderate and severe) or among the VWD patients in relation to subtype (type 1, type 2A and type 3). These findings indicate an increased conversion of pro-TAFI to TAFI and/or TAFIi in patients with bleeding disorders. As thrombin generation is seriously impaired in these patients and almost absent in hemophilia A and B and in type 3 VWD, it is possible that plasmin mediates pro-TAFI activation in these patients. Enhanced fibrinolysis via generation of plasmin has previously been reported in hemophilia and VWD. Activation of pro-TAFI by plasmin may be a feedback mechanism that counterbalances increased fibrinolysis in patients with bleeding disorders. The relationship between the TAFI activation pathway and bleeding complications associated with hemophilia A, hemophilia B and VWD requires further investigation.
Polarized angular dependent spectroscopy of epithelial cells and epithelial cell nuclei to determine the size scale of scattering structures (2002)

An understanding of the relationship between tissue structures and light scattering from tissue will help facilitate the development and acceptance of noninvasive optical diagnostics including elastic scattering spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, and optical coherence tomography. For example, a quantitative model of the structures that scatter light in epithelial cells would allow determination of what structures control the characteristics of in vivo light transport measurements and subsequently could provide a detailed relationship between cellular structures and optical measurements. We have determined the size distribution of refractive index structure variations in epithelial cells as well as in nuclei isolated from epithelial cells from measurements of the angular dependence of polarized light scattering. The quantitative size distributions we obtained for both whole cells and isolated nuclei include particles with effective radii of 2 microm to 10 nm or less and contain orders of magnitude more small particles than large particles. These results demonstrate that not only are biological cells very heterogeneous, but so are the nuclei within them. Light scattering is likely sensitive to structures smaller than those commonly investigated by standard pathology methods.
Functional Poly(ethylene oxide) Multiarm Star Polymers:  Core-First Synthesis Using Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Initiators (1999)

Hyperbranched polyglycerol as well as polyglycerol modified with short apolar oligo(propylene oxide) segments (DPn = 23−52; Mw/Mn = 1.2−1.4) was deprotonated with diphenylmethylpotassium and used as polyfunctional initiators for the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide to prepare poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) multiarm star polymers. In the case of unmodified polyglycerol, after metalation, aggregation occurred, preventing efficient initiation and propagation. Using the apolarly modified polyglycerols with terminal oligo(propylene oxide) segments, hydroxyfunctional PEO multiarm star polymers with Mn values in the range 34 000−95 000 g/mol, arm numbers in the range 26−55, and narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.5) were obtained in a core-first strategy. 1H and 13C NMR measurements evidenced complete conversion of all end groups of the propylene oxide-capped end groups of the initiator. Reinitiation of the multiarm PEO stars by deprotonation was possible and afforded star polymers with considerably larger molecular weights (Mn = 180 000 g/mol) and identical functionality. The thermal properties of the stars (DSC) were found to depend strongly on the arm length. The novel multiarm star architectures prepared consist of polyether structures only and are thus of interest for biomedical applications, e.g., in hydrogels.
Hyponatremia and Seizures After Bowel Preparation: Report of Three Cases (2004)

Oral sodium phosphate and sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate are commonly used to evacuate the colon and rectum before colonoscopy or colorectal surgery. These substances, however, are known to cause electrolyte abnormalities. Seizures caused by electrolyte abnormalities associated with bowel preparation have only rarely been reported. We report the cases of three patients with no prior history of seizures, who had their first seizure associated with hyponatremia following ingestion of sodium phosphate or sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate combination. Care must be taken with patients with a low seizure threshold and those with possible chronic sodium depletion, such as patients on thiazide diuretics, who are undertaking bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate or sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate combination.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis ansR gene, which encodes a repressor of the ans operon coding for L-asparaginase and L-aspartase (1993)

Previous work has shown that expression of the Bacillus subtilis ans operon which codes for L-asparaginase and L-aspartase, is both increased and made insensitive to repression by NH4+ by the aspH1 mutation. In current work, the gene in which the aspH1 mutation resides has been identified and sequenced; this gene, termed ansR, is immediately upstream of, but transcribed in the opposite direction from, the ans operon. The promoter region of ansR contains -10 and -35 sequences similar to those recognized by RNA polymerase containing the major vegetative-cell sigma factor sigma A, and ansR appears to be monocistronic. The ansR gene codes for a 116-residue protein, but the aspH1 mutant allele has an additional guanine residue at codon 55, resulting in generation of a truncated polypeptide of only 58 residues. Insertional inactivation of ansR resulted in a phenotype identical to that of the aspH1 mutant. The predicted amino acid sequence of the ansR gene product (AnsR) was homologous to that of the repressor of B. subtilis prophage PBSX, and a helix-turn-helix motif, characteristic of many DNA-binding proteins, was present in the AnsR amino-terminal region. These results suggest that ansR codes for a repressor of the ans operon.
Structural analysis of factor IX protein variants to predict functional aberration causing haemophilia B (2008)

Factor IX (FIX) is a component protein of blood coagulation pathway, which activates factor X through interaction with factor VIII and Ca(2+). Defective FIX protein resulting from mutation in the corresponding gene causes an X-linked bleeding disorder known as haemophilia B. The aim of the present study was to speculate the potential detrimental effects of the FIX mutations upon the functionality of the protein, which could contribute to the comprehension of the mechanism underlying haemophilia B. In this report, we examined the effect of point mutation on the crystal structure of the native factor IX by measuring the change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern and electrostatic potential and explored the possibility of any correlation of the clinical severity of haemophilia B with the structural perturbation, by plotting the mutations of varying phenotype (severe and mild) on the crystal structure of FIX. Out of a total of 16 severe mutations 14 (88%) showed changes of hydrogen-bonding pattern to variable extent. Among the nine mild haemophilia B mutations, six (i.e. 66.66%) showed no change in hydrogen-bonding pattern. Our data suggest that there is a statistically significant correlation between the two groups of mutations as measured by change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern. Our study truly represents an initiation of an effort that would provide a framework for first evaluation of suspected mutations by in silico approaches, which might be further validated by other experimental techniques.
Local mutagenesis within deletion loops of DNA heteroduplexes. (1982)

An efficient method has been developed to generate base substitution mutations within deletion loops of DNA heteroduplexes. This method utilizes a heteroduplex formed between a deletion mutant cloned in a plasmid vector and its wild-type counterpart from which two restriction sites had been removed from the vector. The heteroduplex is exposed to sodium bisulfite to deaminate cytosine residues in the single-stranded loop, and the mutagenized plasmid DNA is used to transform a strain of bacteria lacking the enzyme uracil N-glycosylase. Pooled progeny DNA is digested with the two restriction enzymes, whose sites had been mutated in the wild-type plasmid, to eliminate the original deletion mutant DNA. Point mutants with C . G-to-T . A transitions are obtained at high frequency after a second transformation. To test the feasibility of the approach, the tetracycline resistance gene of pBR322 was chosen as the target sequence. It was found that the proportion of tetracycline-sensitive transformants increased as both the size of the heteroduplex loop and the time of incubation with the mutagen increased and this varied from 20% up to 70%. Nucleotide sequence analysis of several tetracycline-sensitive mutants confirmed that C-to-T transitions had been produced in the segment of DNA corresponding to the deletion loop.
Three-phase bridge power block module type auxiliary resonant AC link snubber-assisted soft switching inverter for distributed AC power supply (2003)

This paper presents a novel prototype of the three-phase power module bridge package type auxiliary resonant AC link snubber circuit for the three-phase voltage source type sinwave soft switching PWM inverter operating under instantaneous space voltage vector modulation scheme. The operating principle of a novel prototype resonant AC link snubber circuit in addition to unique features are described for current source load model during one switching period which is equivalent to the three-phase voltage source type inverter with LPF, along with its design approach based on the simulation data. The steady-state performance evaluations of space vector modulated three-phase voltage source type sinewave soft switching inverter incorporating a new prototype circuit of three-phase active auxiliary resonant AC link snubber is illustrated and discussed as compared with those of three-phase voltage source type sinewave hard switching PWM inverter with a space voltage vector modulation strategy. The power loss analysis and conventional efficiency estimation of the three-phase voltage source soft switching PWM inverter using IGBT power modules is actually evaluated and discussed on the basis of the conduction power losses based upon the measured v-i characteristics for in addition to all the switching power losses of IGBT with antiparallel diode.
Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD (2018)

Extractive reading comprehension systems can often locate the correct answer to a question in a context document, but they also tend to make unreliable guesses on questions for which the correct answer is not stated in the context. Existing datasets either focus exclusively on answerable questions, or use automatically generated unanswerable questions that are easy to identify. To address these weaknesses, we present SQuAD 2.0, the latest version of the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD). SQuAD 2.0 combines existing SQuAD data with over 50,000 unanswerable questions written adversarially by crowdworkers to look similar to answerable ones. To do well on SQuAD 2.0, systems must not only answer questions when possible, but also determine when no answer is supported by the paragraph and abstain from answering. SQuAD 2.0 is a challenging natural language understanding task for existing models: a strong neural system that gets 86% F1 on SQuAD 1.1 achieves only 66% F1 on SQuAD 2.0.
Wirability of knock-knee layouts with 45 degrees wires (1991)

The problem of wiring an arbitrary knock-knee layout (in a square grid with an arbitrary number of modules) in three and two layers using a small number of vias is investigated. A technique is proposed for transforming a knock-knee layout into a three-layer wirable layout by replacing knock-knees with 45 degrees wires. A 45 degrees replacing algorithm to achieve three-layer wirability is introduced. An efficient stretching technique to ensure two-layer wirability using 45 degrees wires is described. Conversion of an abstract layout into a corresponding physical layout is discussed. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human monoclonal antibody 2G12 defines a distinctive neutralization epitope on the gp120 glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1996)

We have isolated and characterized human monoclonal antibody 2G12 to the gp120 surface glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). This antibody potently and broadly neutralizes primary and T-cell line-adapted clade B strains of HIV-1 in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assay and inhibits syncytium formation in the AA-2 cell line. Furthermore, 2G12 possesses neutralizing activity against strains from clade A but not from clade E. Complement- and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-activating functions of 2G12 were also defined. The gp120 epitope recognized by 2G12 was found to be distinctive; binding of 2G12 to LAI recombinant gp120 was abolished by amino acid substitutions removing N-linked carbohydrates in the C2, C3, V4, and C4 regions of gp120. This gp120 mutant recognition pattern has not previously been observed, indicating that the 2G12 epitope is unusual. consistent with this, antibodies able to block 2G12 binding to recombinant gp120 were not detected in significant quantities in 16 HIV-positive human serum samples.
神奇“装备”教你写出精彩“动物作文” (2011)

动物是孩子的好朋友，但“动物作文”却是孩子的“敌人”。翻开同学们的这类作文，绝大部分都是写猫和狗这两种动物，而在猫狗作文中，很大一部分的素材也几乎雷同一写猫必然会写到小猫喝牛奶、玩线团、偷鱼吃，写狗必定会写到小狗讨食、偷骨头。