gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral interleukin 10 (IL-10), the human herpes virus 4 cellular IL-10 homologue, induces local anergy to allogeneic and syngeneic tumors. (1995)

After the cloning of murine cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, it was recognized that a homologous open reading frame was encoded within the Epstein-Barr virus (human herpes virus 4). This viral protein has now been termed viral interleukin 10 (vIL-10) to reflect its protein sequence homology to "cellular" IL-10 (cIL-10, either murine or human IL-10). It is now widely accepted that vIL-10 shares many functions with cIL-10, principally, the ability to enhance survival of newly infected B cells and to diminish the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 during ongoing immune reactions. The immunomodulatory effect of locally secreted vIL-10 and murine IL-10 (mIL-10) was examined in tumor models using CL8-1 (a BL6 melanoma cell line transfected with the H-2Kb class I gene) in syngeneic animals. Although parental BL6 tumor cells grow in immunocompetent syngeneic hosts, CL8-1 are rejected. To achieve local secretion of vIL-10, we generated vIL-10 retroviral vectors. While nontransduced CL8-1 cells (1 x 10(4)) failed to grow when injected intradermally in C57BL/6 mice, CL8-1 cells (1 x 10(4)) transduced with vIL-10 formed palpable tumors and eventually killed 80% of injected animals. Suppression of tumor rejection was also noted when CL8-1 tumors with or without vIL-10 transfection were admixed with syngeneic vIL-10-transfected fibroblasts and inoculated. Since the in vitro proliferation of the tumor was not altered after transduction with the vIL-10 gene and injection of vIL-10-transduced CL8-1 does not affect the rejection of nontransduced CL8-1 inoculated at a distant site, local vIL-10 secretion appears to suppress the process of immune rejection of the target cells in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were observed for the H-2b MCA105 sarcoma tumor model in allogeneic BALB/c mice (H-2d). Although all animals that received nontransfected MCA105 rapidly rejected these tumors, MCA105 sarcomas transfected with vIL-10 remained palpable for up to 37 d. The local immunosuppressive effect of gene-delivered vIL-10 could be neutralized by anti-human IL-10 monoclonal antibody or could be reversed by the systemic administration of IL-2 or IL-12. In marked contrast, mIL-10 transfection of CL8-1 significantly suppressed tumor growth and frequently led to the rejection of tumor. Similar results were obtained for the murine tumor cell lines MCA102.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Large-scale sensor systems based on graphene electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (2016)

This work reports a novel graphene electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor (EGFET) array architecture along with a compact, self-contained, and inexpensive measurement system that allows DC characterization of hundreds of graphene EGFETs as a function of VDS and VGS within a matter of minutes. We develop a reliable graphene EGFET fabrication process capable of producing 100% yield for a sample size of 256 devices. Large sample size statistical analysis of graphene EGFET electrical performance is performed for the first time. This work develops a compact piecewise DC model for graphene EGFETs that is shown capable of fitting 87% of IDSvs. VGS curves with a mean percent error of 7% or less. The model is used to extract variations in device parameters such as mobility, contact resistance, minimum carrier concentration, and Dirac point. Correlations in variations are presented. Lastly, this work presents a framework for application-specific optimization of large-scale sensor designs based on graphene EGFETs.
On the presence of proteolytic activity in glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme preparations. (1986)

A solid-phase protease assay has been used to screen different commercial preparations of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes for the presence of proteolytic activity. Proteases cannot be detected in preparations of testicular hyaluronidase and of chondroitinase at the concentration used for histochemical purposes. Commercial Streptomyces hyaluronidase contains proteolytic contaminants detectable at the concentration used for histochemistry. At higher concentrations, all preparations appear to be contaminated with proteases. The results obtained using this assay suggest that addition of a mixture of proteinase inhibitors containing N-ethylmaleimide, EDTA, pepstatin, and phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride or soybean trypsin inhibitor has little effect on the proteolytic activity of the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme preparations, irrespective of the pH used. Moreover, the use of EDTA in this mixture is questionable. This study also describes two testicular hyaluronidase preparations that may be particularly useful in functional studies of the living organism, as they are only slightly contaminated.
Crystalline d-Gluconate 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (1961)

A method for t.he purification of n-gluconate 6-phosphate dchydrogenase from brewers' yeast has been described by Horecker and Smyrniotis. (1). The enzyme preparation also catalyzed the oxidation of n-glucose 6-phosphate and isocitrate and in addition contained significant amounts of n-ribose 5-phosphate isomerasc. The utility of the enzyme for the assay of n-gluconate 6-phosphato and for the preparation of n-ribulose 5-phosphate was seriously affected by the prcsencc of thcsc contaminating activitics. For a further investigation of the properties of the enzyme and of the nature of the two-step reaction, a more highly purified preparation was necessary. A method has now been developed which yields from Candida yeast a crystalline preparation which is free of detectable quantitics of I)-glucose 6-phosphata dchydrogenase and r)-ribose 5-phosphate isomerasc. To remove the former enzyme, advantage was taken of its lability to heat after treatment with charcoal (2, 3). n-Glucose 6-phosphate dchydrogcnasc is known to bc unstable in t,he absence of triphosphopyridine nuclcotidc. With the purified enzyme, only n-ribulosc 5-phosphate is formed, and this ester can thus be obtained free of n-ribose 5-phosphate and n-xylulose j-phosphate. Since the crystalline enzyme preparation catalyzes the osidation of reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide by CO, and o-ribulose phosphate at a rate equal to that observed with crude enzyme preparations, wc have concluded that a single enzyme is rcsponsible for both oxidation and decarboxylation reactions. We have also undertaken an investigation of the specificity of the Mg++ requirement (1) and havn found that at high concentrations of NaCl, full activity is obtained in the absence of Mg++. There is reason to believe that the nature of t,he anion plays a role in the activation of the enzyme.
100 modern reagents (1989)

This volume contains a selection of 100 reagents which have found significant application in organic synthesis and will have been identified in Methods in Organic Synthesis. It lists the name, structure, physical properties, molecular formula and weight, suppliers and price range of each reagent.
Competition between hydrogen bonding and donor–acceptor interactions in co-crystals of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid with aromatic amines (2001)

In contrast to cyclohexane-1,3-diones, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (DMBA) does not enolize in crystals with formation of infinite H-bonded chains. Conversely, it forms crystals that completely lack traditional H-bond donors and hence are held together by C–H···O H-bonds and Cδ+Oδ−···Cδ+ interactions of a putative donor–acceptor nature. In view of these specific features, the DMBA molecule appeared to be a good candidate to study the competition of the various intermolecular forces in its co-crystals with traditional H-bond donors such as o-nitrophenylhydrazine, p-nitroaniline, 2,6-diamino-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,6-diaminopyridine and p-aminopyridine. X-Ray crystallographic results are analyzed in terms of crystal packing forces and formation of specific packing leitmotifs (supramolecular synthons). The conclusions indicate that, though a rational crystal engineering of co-crystals is far from being accomplished, a reasonable rationalization of the complex intermolecular forces acting in competition in the crystal packing is henceforth achievable.
When Hope Comes Hard (1999)

Frances C. Hansen, RN, BSN,with fourteen years of nursing experience in a variety of settings, worked for six years as a public health nurse on the admissions staff for the Visiting Nurses Association of New York. She has been caring for her husband since 1992. She recently founded “Restoration,” a caregivers' support group.
Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: relationship of retinal nonperfusion to subsequent neovascularization. (1994)

Retinal avascularity may not be the single overriding stimulus for neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Other hypotheses bear consideration, including the possibility that variable oxygen leads directly to vascular endothelial cell mitosis, a common retinal manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion.
A Ligand for the Chemokine Receptor CCR7 Can Influence the Homeostatic Proliferation of CD4 T Cells and Progression of Autoimmunity (2001)

Abstract Homeostasis of T cell numbers in the periphery implies an ability of lymphocytes to sense cell numbers. Although the mechanisms are unknown, we find that the chemokine CCL21 (also known as TCA4, SLC, 6Ckine), a ligand for the chemokine receptor CCR7, can regulate homeostasis of CD4 (but not CD8) T cells. In the absence of CCR7 ligands, transferred CD4 T cells failed to expand in lymphopenic hosts, whereas in the presence of CCL21 overexpression, homeostatic CD4 T cell proliferation occurred even in nonlymphopenic recipients. Ag-specific CD4 T cells transferred into Ag-expressing mice proliferated and induced autoimmunity only in lymphopenic recipients. Pancreatic expression of CCL21 was sufficient to replace the requirement for lymphopenia in the progression of autoimmune disease. These results suggest that CD4 T cells use local concentrations of CCR7 ligands as an index of T cell steady state numbers and that homeostatic expansion of the T cell population may be a contributing factor in the development of autoimmune disease.
Inhibition of Virus Attachment to CD4+ Target Cells Is a Major Mechanism of T Cell Line–adapted HIV-1 Neutralization (1997)

Antibody-mediated neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is thought to function by at least two distinct mechanisms: inhibition of virus-receptor binding, and interference with events after binding, such as virus-cell membrane fusion. Here we show, by the use of a novel virus-cell binding assay, that soluble CD4 and monoclonal antibodies to all confirmed glycoprotein (gp)120 neutralizing epitopes, including the CD4 binding site and the V2 and V3 loops, inhibit the adsorption of two T cell line-adapted HIV-1 viruses to CD4+ cells. A correlation between the inhibition of virus binding and virus neutralization was observed for soluble CD4 and all anti-gp120 antibodies, indicating that this is a major mechanism of HIV neutralization. By contrast, antibodies specific for regions of gp120 other than the CD4 binding site showed little or no inhibition of either soluble gp120 binding to CD4+ cells or soluble CD4 binding to HIV-infected cells, implying that this effect is specific to the virion-cell interaction. However, inhibition of HIV-1 attachment to cells is not a universal mechanism of neutralization, since an anti-gp41 antibody did not inhibit virus-cell binding at neutralizing concentrations, implying activity after virus-cell binding.
Occupational and personal risk factors for musculo-skeletal disorders in fertilizer plant workers. (2003)

Age is the first risk factor, discussed by authors. The data showed highly significant differences in the prevalence of MSDs--9.48% in the risk group versus 1.97% in the reference group (OR 5.21, 95% CI 2.42-11.61). Gender is the second risk factor strongly related to MSDs in combination with age. The prevalence of MSDs is higher for women over 40 years that for men over 40 years: OR is 6.43 with 95% CI 1.73-28.23 versus OR 4.66 with 95% CI 1.80-12.77). Obesity is the third risk factor for MSDs. The data showed highly significant differences in the prevalence of MSDs--7.03% in risk group versus 3.08% in reference group, OR 2.38 with 95% CI 1.10-5.30. Smoking for more than 20 years also increases the risk of developing MSDs. At this stage of the research, there is no proof of the impact of hypercholesterolemia, non-occupational or work-related strain on the development of MSDs. The authors' conclusion is that these results may support programs for health promotion and health prevention.
An interactive programming system for media computation (1994)

As digital video is manipulated by increasingly powerful computers, many new applications are becoming viable. This report investigates the programming language aspects of controlling such video applications. It presents the design, implementation, and use of PAVES, a direct manipulation system that combines aspects of visualization and multimedia systems to form an interactive video programming environment. PAVES is novel in the degree to which it emphasizes liveness and in its approach to extensibility. It extends the VuSystem media processing toolkit through flow graph and textual programming windows. Flow graph windows are used to control the media processing component of applications. Textual programming windows are used to issue interpreted commands and view source code. They work together to allow the user to combine methods as needed. While developing PAVES, I confronted a number of programming language issues related to the support of multiple program representations. I defined a cooperative model for translating across these representations and implemented the model by leveraging a presentation-style synchronization approach and Object Tcl, an object-oriented extension to the Tcl language.
Scansite 2.0: proteome-wide prediction of cell signaling interactions using short sequence motifs (2003)

Scansite identifies short protein sequence motifs that are recognized by modular signaling domains, phosphorylated by protein Ser/Thr- or Tyr-kinases or mediate specific interactions with protein or phospholipid ligands. Each sequence motif is represented as a position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) based on results from oriented peptide library and phage display experiments. Predicted domain-motif interactions from Scansite can be sequentially combined, allowing segments of biological pathways to be constructed in silico. The current release of Scansite, version 2.0, includes 62 motifs characterizing the binding and/or substrate specificities of many families of Ser/Thr- or Tyr-kinases, SH2, SH3, PDZ, 14-3-3 and PTB domains, together with signature motifs for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)-specific PH domains. Scansite 2.0 contains significant improvements to its original interface, including a number of new generalized user features and significantly enhanced performance. Searches of all SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, Genpept and Ensembl protein database entries are now possible with run times reduced by approximately 60% when compared with Scansite version 1.0. Scansite 2.0 allows restricted searching of species-specific proteins, as well as isoelectric point and molecular weight sorting to facilitate comparison of predictions with results from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiments. Support for user-defined motifs has been increased, allowing easier input of user-defined matrices and permitting user-defined motifs to be combined with pre-compiled Scansite motifs for dual motif searching. In addition, a new series of Sequence Match programs for non-quantitative user-defined motifs has been implemented. Scansite is available via the World Wide Web at http://scansite.mit.edu.
Elevation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration with Over-the-Counter Fish Oil Supplementation (2007)

This case documents a much higher LDL-C elevation associated with OTC fish oil supplementation than has been previously identified in the literature. Healthcare providers should be advised that LDL-C levels may increase with use of OTC fish oil and should monitor patients periodically for such elevations. The significance of this increase on clinical outcomes is not known.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of the Trichoderma Reesei Hydrophobin HFBI (1996)

The hfb1 gene of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei, previously cloned as a gene which was abundantly expressed when the fungus was grown on glucose-containing medium, was shown to encode a novel fungal hydrophobin. The encoded 97-amino-acid protein is cysteine-rich and has a typical signal sequence for secretion. Signal-sequence cleavage and putative proteolytic processing results in the mature HFBI protein of 75 amino acids. Antibodies raised against the HFBI protein expressed in Escherichia coli detected the T. reesei HFBI protein in the fungal cell wall and in the culture medium of submerged glucose-containing cultures. The identity of HFBI was verified by N-terminal and peptide sequencing of proteins purified both from the cell wall and culture medium. In the cell wall most of the HFBI formed SDS-insoluble complexes that could be extracted with trifluoroacetic acid. Bubbling or freezing of the culture medium caused HFBI to form aggregates that coprecipitated with a yellow pigment produced by the fungus.
Gene expression analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma reveals consistent molecular profiles related to a family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer. (2003)

Tumor and matched normal tissue from 19 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients from a high-risk area of China were analyzed with 7680 gene cDNA microarrays. Forty-one genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.001; >/==" BORDER="0">2-fold change) between tumor and matched normal samples (13 overexpressed and 28 underexpressed). Hierarchical clustering showed consistent molecular profiles across patients. Multidimensional scaling plots visually distinguished cases by family history status, which was confirmed statistically using a global permutation test (P = 0.007); we then identified 152 genes of which the expression differed in tumors from family history positive versus negative cases (55 overexpressed and 97 underexpressed at P < 0.001). These data indicate that molecular profiles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are highly consistent and that expression patterns in familial cases differ from those in sporadic cases.
A System for Web-Based Interactive Real-Time Data Visualization and Analysis (2009)

The convergence of mashup and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) enables the enterprise to deliver composite and situational applications by integrating information across internal and external sources. In this paper, we propose an approach that takes ideas from mashup and extend it to deliver real-time interactive visual analysis application on spatial-temporal datasets over the Internet. Four aspects of the approach are discussed: temporal data mashup based on continuous queries, template driven and materialized mashup view for providing personalized services, real-time data transmission using Web Service Notification (WSN), geo-visualization mashup for visual synthesis, presentation and analysis. A prototype system has been built up for supporting hydrologic information observation and analysis, such as flood prediction, inundated area estimation, etc. Our preliminary findings will be beneficial to others to create Business Intelligence (BI) mashups for real-time visualization and business logic analysis.
Device scaling and application trends for over 200GHz SiGe HBTs (2003)

We discuss issues and solutions for scaling of SiGe HBT devices through f/sub T/ = 350GHz. Trends in peak f/sub T/ current density J/sub CP/ and avalanche multiplication M-I are shown for devices with f/sub T/ ranging from 50GHz to 350GHz, and discussed in the context of device operation and reliability. The over 10/spl times/ current density increase observed across this f/sub T/ range may be managed by reducing emitter width and maintaining a low device thermal resistance. We show that the over 20/spl times/ avalanche current increase must be accompanied by a reduction in base resistance to maintain sufficiently high instability voltage. We also discuss the degradation from avalanche hot carriers and find this acceptable looking forward. From the circuit point of view, reversal in base current resulting from avalanche must be managed in the model and in the circuit design.
The Use of the Industry's First 3-D Mechanical Caliper Image While Drilling Leads to Optimized Rotary-Steerable Assemblies in Push- and Point-the-Bit Configurations (2008)

Abstract It has been widely recognized that poor hole quality causes tight borehole, packing off, high torque/drag, stick-slip, degraded logging-while-drilling (LWD) and wireline log quality, unpredictable directional performance, and consequently problematic casing runs. Conventionally, borehole quality is monitored with LWD standoff caliper logs and caliper images. In wireline application, multi-arm mechanical calipers are used to create such logs. Until today, it is believed that the use of such equipment is the only way to detect 3-D borehole problems, such as borehole oscillation. This paper presents the industry's first 2-D and 3-D mechanical caliper image while drilling and back-reaming with rotary-steerable systems (RSS). The near-bit mechanical caliper integrated into the specific RSS1,2,3 takes measurements 4 ft from the bit in push-the-bit configuration and 7 ft from the bit in point-the-bit configuration. This pad-contact mechanical caliper provides both real-time and memory-based caliper images. The advantage of this new type of near-bit caliper measurement is that the sensor measures borehole geometry right at the bit as compared to 50-100 feet behind the bit with conventional LWD sensors. Borehole washout, for example, does not necessarily occur at the bit, but could be caused by string stabilizers far away from the bit. The ability to detect borehole washout in real-time helps the operator take immediate corrective action while drilling to maintain borehole integrity since near-bit washout often affects the steerability of RSS. In this paper, 2-D and 3-D near-bit caliper logs are extensively examined from different RSS assemblies and bits. The downhole data were gathered through controlled non-commercial field tests, as well as commercial runs. Frequency analysis using the discrete Fourier transform is also applied to the depth-based caliper images to identify the BHA and borehole oscillation issues. The effect of bit selection, stabilizer size/profile/geometry, and spacing on borehole quality is analyzed using the 2-D and 3-D near-bit caliper logs. As a result, this new sensor information helped to improve the RSS assembly performance and resulted in optimized BHAs in both push- and point-the-bit configurations for superior steerability, stability and borehole quality.
Chin Augumentation In Temporoman-Dibular Ankylosis (1992)

Abstract In T.M. Joint ankylosis cases post operatively, normal facial contour and profile cannot be achieved although trismus is relieved. Development of mandible and facial skeleton by puberty exaggerate this problem. Not only is there chin retrusion, wide lip separation, there are also problems related to obliquely placd protruding upper and lower incisor and canines, in need of further treatment. Chin augumentation at puberty by sialistic implant, to bring about normal chin appearance and face profile is discussed.