gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Potential Plasma Membrane Modifiers. Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐3‐fluoro Derivatives of 2‐Acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐D‐ hexopyranoses. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Relationship between the Characteristics of Bilirubin Oxidases and O2 Cathodes Based on Their “Wiring” (2002)

The characteristics of a novel cathode on which O2 is electroreduced to water under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 37.5 °C) are reported. The cathode was made by electrically connecting (“wiring”) redox centers of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from Trachyderma tsunodae (Tt) to carbon electrodes through a redox polymer. The cathode was more stable than that made by wiring BOD from Myrothecium verrucaria (Mv) (N. Mano et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6480−6486) (5% loss of current per day of operation vs 10%), and its operating potential at 3 mA cm-2 current density was −140 mV vs the potential of the reversible O2/H2O electrode, 50 mV higher than that of the Mv-BOD cathode. The improved stability is attributed to stronger electrostatic bonding in the adduct of Tt-BOD with the “wiring” redox polymer, and the higher operating potential to the replacement of methionine by phenylalanine in the axial position of the type 1 Cu+/2+ center, which upshifts the center's potential.
Exosome Manufacturing Status (2019)

Exosomes are secreted by mammalian cells and are widely distributed in cellular systems. They are a medium of information and material transmission. The complexity of exosome nature and function is not thoroughly understood. Nevertheless, they are being confirmed as mediators of intercellular communication and play significant roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Significant obstacles to the efficient and robust isolation of large quantities of pure and specific exosomes still exist. These include a lack of understanding of the relationship between exosome characteristics and function, and a shortage of scalable solutions to separate specific exosomes from other large entities remain. Hence, generic production platforms are desired. While solutions suitable for exosome manufacturing under GMP are available, most have been developed for other purposes.
Solute diffusion in plastically deformed silicon crystals (1967)

The dominant mechanisms governing the anomalous diffusion of group III (B and Ga) and group V (P and Sb) elements in plastically deformed silicon have been investigated. The generation of vacancies by moving dislocations leads to the enhanced diffusion of B, Ga, and Sb in a lattice undergoing dynamic plastic deformation. A direct relationship appears to exist between the size of the solutes and the solutes' sensitivities to this enhanced diffusion mechanism. The presence of a great density of static dislocations does not measurably influence the diffusion of B, Ga or Sb. The diffusion of phosphorus into a crystal undergoing dynamic plastic deformation results in a `retarded' penetration of the diffused region relative to diffusion in a disorder-free lattice. This `retarded' diffusion effect is attributed to phosphorus precipitation.
SOLVENT SWELLING STUDIES OF SOMA LIGNITE (TURKEY) (2004)

The volumetric swelling procedure was applied to Turkish Soma lignite using thirteen solvents to investigate the cross-linking in its macromolecular network.The theory of solvent swelling of cross-linked polymers developed by Flory and Rehner and extended by Kovac and Peppas was used to calculate number-average molecular mass per cross-link of organic structure ( c M ) in lignite samples.The results show that the volumetric solvent swelling of Soma lignite samples in non-polar and polar solvents roughly follows the regular solution theory.
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dactimicin, a novel pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside, compared with those of other aminoglycoside antibiotics (1985)

When compared with astromicin, amikacin, gentamicin, and sisomicin, dactimicin was similar to astromicin in in vitro activity and was more active than amikacin and gentamicin against the clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens, but less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dactimicin and astromicin were active against many gentamicin- and amikacin-resistant bacteria expressing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, with the exception of aminoglycoside 3-acetyltransferase. However, dactimicin was more resistant than astromicin to inactivation by aminoglycoside 3-acetyltransferase, probably owing to the protective action of the formimidoyl group. The in vivo activity of dactimicin, assessed by the 50% effective doses against systemic infections in mice, was similar or superior to that of astromicin and was superior or inferior to that of amikacin depending on the strains tested.
Chemistry and Metabolism of Sphingolipids. On the Biosynthesis of Phytosphingosine by Yeast* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry and Metabolism of Sphingolipids. On the Biosynthesis of Phytosphingosine by Yeast*Suzanne R. Thorpe and Charles C. SweeleyCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 3, 887–897Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00855a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00855a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polysorbate 20 as a drug release regulator in ethyl cellulose film coatings (1986)

Abstract Tablet coatings of hydrophobic ethyl cellulose have been made more hydrophilic by the addition of a non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate (Tween) 20, to the film. As its content increased, so did the release of sodium salicylate from the coated tablets. With a certain content of surfactant and specific thickness of the tablet coat, zero order release kinetics were observed. Leaching of the polysorbate 20 occurred from all formulations. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs showed that the structure of the coats consisted of several layers parallel to the tablet surface. Polysorbate 20 was seen as small drops in some coats.
Application of a conformationally restricted Phe-Leu dipeptide mimetic to the design of a combined inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of a conformationally restricted Phe-Leu dipeptide mimetic to the design of a combined inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase 24.11Gary A. Flynn, Douglas W. Beight, Shujaath Mehdi, Jack R. Koehl, Eugene L. Giroux, John F. French, Paul W. Hake, and Richard C. DageCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 16, 2420–2423Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00068a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (576 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A New Take on Tau (2007)

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEThe search for drugs to combat neuron-destroying diseases is prompting researchers to take a fresh look at a familiar suspect.
Interleukin-13 induces PSGL-1/P–selectin–dependent adhesion of eosinophils, but not neutrophils, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells under flow (2000)

Selective eosinophil accumulation is a hallmark of diseases such as asthma. In a model of chronic eosinophilic inflammation, we have previously shown that the tethering step in eosinophil adhesion is mediated by PSGL-1 binding to P-selectin. The Th2-associated cytokine IL-13 is of potential importance in allergic disease. We have therefore investigated whether IL-13 can mediate eosinophil binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) through P-selectin. IL-13 caused dose- and time-dependent increases of P-selectin expression, as assessed by flow and laser scanning cytometry. A similar degree of expression was observed with IL-4. There was no effect on E-selectin or ICAM-1 expression. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced the expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 but had no effect on P-selectin expression. IL-13 increased the production of mRNA for surface and soluble variants of P-selectin. Under flow conditions, eosinophils, but not neutrophils, showed enhanced binding to IL-13 and to IL-4-stimulated HUVEC compared to medium-cultured cells. Eosinophil adhesion was completely inhibited by a blocking monoclonal antibody against PSGL-1 and P-selectin. Anti-VLA-4 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies inhibited binding to a lesser extent. Thus, at physiologic levels of expression induced by Th2 cytokines, P-selectin/PSGL-1 supported eosinophil but not neutrophil adhesion. This mechanism is likely to be a key event leading to the selective accumulation of eosinophils in allergic inflammation.
Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin in Combination With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enhances Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells, Increases Peripheral Blood Platelet Concentration, and Accelerates Hematopoietic Recovery Following High-Dose Chemotherapy (1999)

Lineage-specific growth factors mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) and accelerate hematopoietic recovery after high-dose chemotherapy. Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) may further increase the progenitor-cell content and regenerating potential of PBPC products. We evaluated the safety and activity of rhTPO as a PBPC mobilizer in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 29 breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by PBPC reinfusion. Initially, patients received escalating single doses of rhTPO intravenously (IV) at 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 μg/kg, on day 1. Subsequent patients received rhTPO 0.6 or 0.3 μg/kg on days −3, −1, and 1, or 0.6 μg/kg on days −1 and 1. G-CSF, 5 μg/kg IV or subcutaneously (SC) twice daily, was started on day 3 and continued through aphereses. Twenty comparable, concurrently and identically treated patients (who were eligible and would have been treated on protocol but for the lack of study opening) mobilized with G-CSF alone served as comparisons. CD34+ cell yields were substantially higher with the first apheresis following rhTPO and G-CSF versus G-CSF alone: 4.1 × 106/kg (range, 1.3 to 17.6) versus 0.8 × 106/ kg (range, 0.3 to 4.2), P = .0003. The targeted minimum yield of 3 × 106CD34+ cells/kg was procured following a single apheresis procedure in 61% of the rhTPO and G-CSF–mobilized group versus 10% of G-CSF–mobilized patients (P = .001). In rhTPO and G-CSF mobilized patients, granulocyte (day 8 v 9, P= .0001) and platelet recovery (day 9 v 10, P= .07) were accelerated, and fewer erythrocyte (3 v 4,P = .02) and platelet (4 v 5, P = .02) transfusions were needed compared with G-CSF–mobilized patients. Peripheral blood platelet counts, following rhTPO and G-CSF, were increased by greater than 100% and the platelet content of PBPC products by 60% to 110% on the first and second days of aphereses (P &lt; .0001) with the greatest effect seen with repeated dosing of rhTPO at 0.6 μg/kg. rhTPO is safe and well tolerated as a mobilizing agent before PBPC collection. Mobilization with rhTPO and G-CSF, in comparison to a comparable, nonrandomized G-CSF–mobilized group of patients, decreases the number of apheresis procedures required, may accelerate hematopoietic recovery, and may reduce the number of transfusions required following high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Constitutive Expression of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) Protein by Human Amniotic Membrane Cells Leads to Formation of the Heavy Chain (HC)-Hyaluronan (HA)-PTX3 Complex (2014)

Heavy chain (HC)-hyaluronan (HA), a complex formed by the covalent linkage between HC1 from the inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) and HA, purified from the human amniotic membrane (AM), is responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antiscarring, and antiangiogenic actions of the AM. This HC-HA complex is produced by constitutive expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 and endogenous production of IαI by AM cells. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a prototypic long pentraxin that plays a non-redundant role in innate immunity against selected pathogens, also helps stabilize HC-HA to ensure female fertility. Here we noted strong positive PTX3 staining in the AM epithelium and compact stroma. PTX3 was constitutively expressed and secreted by cultured AM epithelial and stromal cells and, further, greatly up-regulated by TNF and IL-1β. Using an agarose overlay to trap the HA-containing matrix, the HC-HA-PTX3 complex was formed, as analyzed by Western blot analysis, by AM cells but not human skin fibroblasts, despite being cultured in the presence of serum and TNF. However, exogenous PTX3 helps human skin fibroblasts form the HC-HA-PTX3 complex with an agarose overlay. Furthermore, PTX3 can be coimmunoprecipitated with the HC-HA complex from agarose-overlaid AM cell extracts by an anti-human IαI antibody. Such a HC-HA-PTX3 complex can be reconstituted in vitro and exhibit similar effects as those reported for AM HC-HA-PTX3 on polarization of M2 macrophages. The tight binding between PTX3 and AM HC-HA withstands four runs of CsCl ultracentrifugation in the presence of 4 m GnHCl. These results indicate that PTX3 is constitutively expressed and secreted by AM cells as an integral component of the AM HC-HA-PTX3 complex and contributes to the biological function of AM HC-HA-PTX3.
Can a signal sequence become too hydrophobic? (1994)

We have characterized several mutants that contain alterations in the hydrophilic domain (N region) of the pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gC signal sequence. In general, our results agree with previous findings and indicate that basic residues in the N region are not essential for efficient export of gC in infected cells. While reducing the N region to a net neutral charge led to a slight impairment of membrane translocation, a substantial gC export defect was not observed until a net negative charge was introduced. However, there was one exception to this pattern. The substitution of a leucine for an arginine at the carboxyl terminus of the N region led to a considerable export defect despite maintaining a net positive charge. As a consequence of the substitution, the mutant signal sequence was 1.5 times more hydrophobic than wild type, but we found that the defect could be largely corrected if an additional alteration that lessened the overall hydrophobicity of the gC signal sequence was incorporated. We suggest that an upper limit of hydrophobicity may exist for eukaryotic signal sequences; exceeding this value could lead to an export defect.
Rescue of Newcastle Disease Virus from Cloned cDNA: Evidence that Cleavability of the Fusion Protein Is a Major Determinant for Virulence (1999)

A full-length cDNA clone of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain LaSota was assembled from subgenomic overlapping cDNA fragments and cloned in a transcription plasmid between the T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the autocatalytic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. Transfection of this plasmid into cells that were infected with a recombinant fowlpoxvirus that expressed T7 RNA polymerase, resulted in the synthesis of antigenomic NDV RNA. This RNA was replicated and transcribed by the viral NP, P, and L proteins, which were expressed from cotransfected plasmids. After inoculation of the transfection supernatant into embryonated specific-pathogen-free eggs, infectious virus derived from the cloned cDNA was recovered. By introducing three nucleotide changes in the cDNA, we generated a genetically tagged derivative of the LaSota strain in which the amino acid sequence of the protease cleavage site (GGRQGR downward arrowL) of the fusion protein F0 was changed to the consensus cleavage site of virulent NDV strains (GRRQRR downward arrowF). Pathogenicity tests in day-old chickens showed that the strain derived from the unmodified cDNA was completely nonvirulent (intracerebral pathogenicity index [ICPI] = 0.00). However, the strain derived from the cDNA in which the protease cleavage site was modified showed a dramatic increase in virulence (ICPI = 1.28 out of a possible maximum of 2.0). Pulse-chase labeling of cells infected with the different strains followed by radioimmunoprecipitation of the F protein showed that the efficiency of cleavage of the F0 protein was greatly enhanced by the amino acid replacements. These results demonstrate that genetically modified NDV can be recovered from cloned cDNA and confirm the supposition that cleavage of the F0 protein is a key determinant in virulence of NDV.
Hrs regulates multivesicular body formation via ESCRT recruitment to endosomes (2003)

Hrs and the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport, ESCRT-I, -II, and -III, are involved in the endosomal sorting of membrane proteins into multivesicular bodies and lysosomes or vacuoles. The ESCRT complexes are also required for formation of intraluminal endosomal vesicles and for budding of certain enveloped RNA viruses such as HIV. Here, we show that Hrs binds to the ESCRT-I subunit Tsg101 via a PSAP motif that is conserved in Tsg101-binding viral proteins. Depletion of Hrs causes a reduction in membrane-associated ESCRT-I subunits, a decreased number of multivesicular bodies and an increased size of late endosomes. Even though Hrs mainly localizes to early endosomes and Tsg101 to late endosomes, the two proteins colocalize on a subpopulation of endosomes that contain lyso-bisphosphatidic acid. Overexpression of Hrs causes accumulation of Tsg101 on early endosomes and prevents its localization to late endosomes. We conclude that Hrs mediates the initial recruitment of ESCRT-I to endosomes and, thereby, indirectly regulates multivesicular body formation.
Mast cells in psoriatic skin are strongly positive for interferon-gamma (1999)

The increased number and early activation of cutaneous mast cells is a typical feature of psoriatic inflammation. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is believed to be one of the important mediators in the cytokine cascade of psoriasis. Human mast cells have been previously reported to release various cytokines upon stimulation including interleukin (IL) -4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Here we report that human mast cells synthesize also IFN-gamma at mRNA and protein level and that the number of IFN-gamma producing mast cells is significantly increased in the psoriatic skin. IFN-gamma immunoreactivity in mast cells was demonstrated by staining non-lesional and lesional skin sections from 21 patients with psoriasis. Ten patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and five healthy persons served as control groups. The percentage (mean +/- SD) of IFN-gamma + mast cells in lesional compared with non-lesional psoriatic skin was 67 +/- 18% vs. 44 +/- 17% (P < 0.0001, paired t-test), respectively, but only 9 +/- 6% vs. 10 +/- 7% in corresponding skin samples of AD. In the skin of healthy controls, only 12 +/- 12% of the mast cells were IFN-gamma +. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we confirmed the ultrastructural localization of IFN-gamma within the granules of mast cells in psoriatic skin. In addition, stimulation of a human mast cell line HMC-1 with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (100 nmol/L) for periods of 2-24 h induced expression of IFN-gamma mRNA, which peaked at 24 h. When HMC-1 cells were stimulated with PMA (100 nmol/L) for periods of 0-3 days, the cells released IFN-gamma protein, peaking on day 1. These results provide further evidence for the important role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Calculations for pharmaceutical practice (2005)

Chapter 1 Introduction to calculations Chapter 2 Quantities and units Chapter 3 Expressions of concentration Chapter 4 Drugs in different forms Chapter 5 Density and displacement volume Chapter 6 Solubility Chapter 7 Master formulae Chapter 8 Changing concentration Chapter 9 Trituration Chapter 10 Suppositories Chapter 11 Doses calculations Chapter 12 Paediatric doses Chapter 13 Reconstitution of medicines Chapter 14 Preparation of injections Chapter 15 Other practice-related questions Chapter 16 Basic statistics Chapter 17 Introductory pharmacokinetics Chapter 18 Sample papers Chapter 19 Answers
Syncytium Formation in Cultured Human Lymphoid Tissue: Fusion of Implanted HIV Glycoprotein 120/41-Expressing Cells with Native CD4 + Cells (1995)

While glycoprotein gp120/41 clearly causes HIV-infected cells to form syncytia in monolayers and in suspension, there is unfortunately scant knowledge on syncytium formation in tissues. We implanted gp120/41-expressing cells labeled with fluorescent particles inside blocks of human lymphoid tissue kept in long-term histoculture. Observed by confocal microscopy, together with immunohistochemical and morphological analysis of implanted cells, more than one-third of these gp120/41-expressing cells fused with native CD4+ cells of the host tissue, yielding small (three to five nuclei) syncytia. Such widespread fusion of gp120/41-expressing cells in tissue in vitro, together with the finding of increased virulence of syncytium-inducing isolates of HIV, support the hypothesis that syncytium formation within lymph tissue of HIV-infected individuals contributes to AIDS pathogenesis. This system and the methods developed may provide a way to study HIV-infected cells inside the very tissue whose destruction may prevent immune system repopulation.