gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of tear secretion in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients treated with botulinum toxin. (1993)

In the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 57 patients with blepharospasm and 50 patients with hemifacial spasm were treated with botulinum toxin. Schirmer tear tests were conducted on all the patients prior to each treatment and at 1 week following treatment where possible. The results were compared with a control group of 107 patients selected by age and sex. The blepharospasm patients were found to have a significantly lower tear secretion than that of the control group, using the Mann-Whitney test (median = 3.5 mm, compared with median-11.0 mm, p < .0001). This did not improve following treatment. The patients with hemifacial spasm did not have significantly different tear secretion from that of the control group (t = 1.0, p > .05). To investigate whether there was any relationship between the symptoms and the result of the Schirmer test, a survey was also conducted on the patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm regarding symptoms, frequency, and type of drops/ointment used.
Correlation between human lactoferrin binding and colicin susceptibility in Escherichia coli (1991)

Escherichia coli H10407 demonstrated low 125I-human lactoferrin (HLf) binding (7%) and was insusceptible to group A (A, E1, E2, E3, E6, and K) and group B (B, D, Ia, Ib, and V) colicins. Conversely, a spontaneous HLf high-binding (44%) variant, H10407(Lf), demonstrated an increase susceptibility to both colicin groups. Colicin-insusceptible E. coli wild-type strains 75ColT, 84ColT, and 981ColT showed a low degree of HLf binding, i.e., 4, 8, and 10%, respectively. The HLf binding capacity was high in the corresponding colicin-susceptible mutants 75ColS (43%), 84ColS (32%), and 981ColS (43%). Furthermore, HLf low- (less than 5%) and high- (greater than 35%) binding E. coli clinical isolates (10 in each category) were tested for susceptibility against 11 colicins. Colicin V susceptibility did not correlate with HLf binding in either categories. However, with the remaining colicins, three distinct HLf-binding, colicin susceptibility patterns were observed; (i) 10 of 10 HLf low-binding strains were colicin insusceptible, (ii) 6 of 10 HLf high-binding strains were also colicin insusceptible, and (iii) the remaining HLf high binders were highly colicin susceptible. Certain proteins in the cell envelope and outer membrane of wild-type H10407 (HLf low binder, colicin insusceptible) showed a lower mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared to the corresponding proteins of mutant H10407(Lf) (HLf high binder, colicin susceptible). These mobility differences were also associated with HLf-binding proteins in Western blot (ligand blot) analysis. The wild type showed a smooth form of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a distinct ladder of O-chains, compared to the rough LPS of the mutant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A satellite III sequence shared by human chromosomes 13,14, and 21 that is contiguous with α satellite DNA (1992)

We report the isolation of a clone (pTR9) from a human chromosome 21 lambda phage library, which was found to contain two distinct components: (1) a previously unreported subfamily of human satellite III (pTR9-s3; 1,485 bp) and (2) an alpha satellite sequence (pTR9-alpha; 250 bp) containing 1.5 copies of a 171-bp alphoid unit that shows 88.4% homology to a previously reported alpha satellite consensus sequence. The two components are separated by two direct repeats of 9 bp. Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify across the junction between pTR9-s3 and pTR9-alpha established that these two sequences are contiguous in total human genomic DNA and in DNA derived from somatic cell hybrids carrying human chromosomes 13, 14, or 21. A related, but considerably more diverged, sequence was also detected on chromosome 15. Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrids at high stringency revealed a common structure of the pTR9-s3 sequence on chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 but not on 15 or 22. This sequence should be useful for the study of the structural organisation of the centromere of these chromosomes and the mechanism of their involvement in Robertsonian translocations.
Enhanced B7 costimulatory molecule expression in inflammatory human sural nerve biopsies (2000)

B7 molecules are expressed in the peripheral nervous system and regulated during disease, and their presence in macrophages underlines the putative function of endoneurial macrophages as local antigen presenting cells in the immunopathology of peripheral nerve. B7-1 rather than B7-2 is preferentially upregulated, possibly promoting the induction of a Th-1-type T cell response within the nerve.
Efficient, Long-term Hepatic Gene Transfer Using Clinically Relevant HDAd Doses by Balloon Occlusion Catheter Delivery in Nonhuman Primates (2008)

Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAd) are devoid of all viral coding sequences and are thus an improvement over early generation Ad because they can provide long-term transgene expression in vivo without chronic toxicity. However, high vector doses are required to achieve efficient hepatic transduction by systemic intravenous injection, and this unfortunately results in dose-dependent acute toxicity. To overcome this important obstacle, we have developed a minimally invasive method to preferentially deliver HDAd into the liver of nonhuman primates. Briefly, a balloon occlusion catheter was percutaneously positioned in the inferior vena cava to occlude hepatic venous outflow. HDAd was injected directly into the occluded liver via a percutaneously placed hepatic artery catheter. Compared to systemic vector injection, this approach resulted in substantially higher hepatic transduction efficiency using clinically relevant low vector doses and was accompanied by mild-to-moderate acute but transient toxicities. Transgene expression was sustained for up to 964 days. These results suggest that our minimally invasive method of delivery can significantly improve the vector's therapeutic index and may be a first step toward clinical application of HDAd for liver-directed gene therapy.
Tunable dye laser (577 nm) treatment of port wine stains (1986)

Despite steady improvement in the laser treatment of port wine stains (PWS), hypertrophic scarring remains a serious side-effect in approximately 10% of patients. The tunable dye laser (577 nm) has been shown to cause selective vascular destruction in normal and PWS skin. We have treated ten patients using a tunable dye laser (577 nm, 300 mu sec) resulting in clearing of the PWS without any evidence of hypertrophic scarring. Treatment requires no anesthesia or wound care, and there were no postoperative infections.
Evaluation of dynamic electromagnetic tracking deviation (2009)

Electromagnetic tracking systems (EMTS's) are widely used in clinical applications. Many reports have evaluated their static behavior and errors caused by metallic objects were examined. Although there exist some publications concerning the dynamic behavior of EMTS's the measurement protocols are either difficult to reproduce with respect of the movement path or only accomplished at high technical effort. Because dynamic behavior is of major interest with respect to clinical applications we established a simple but effective modal measurement easy to repeat at other laboratories. We built a simple pendulum where the sensor of our EMTS (Aurora, NDI, CA) could be mounted. The pendulum was mounted on a special bearing to guarantee that the pendulum path is planar. This assumption was tested before starting the measurements. All relevant parameters defining the pendulum motion such as rotation center and length are determined by static measurement at satisfactory accuracy. Then position and orientation data were gathered over a time period of 8 seconds and timestamps were recorded. Data analysis provided a positioning error and an overall error combining both position and orientation. All errors were calculated by means of the well know equations concerning pendulum movement. Additionally, latency - the elapsed time from input motion until the immediate consequences of that input are available - was calculated using well-known equations for mechanical pendulums for different velocities. We repeated the measurements with different metal objects (rods made of stainless steel type 303 and 416) between field generator and pendulum. We found a root mean square error (<i>e</i><sub>RMS</sub>) of 1.02mm with respect to the distance of the sensor position to the fit plane (maximum error <i>e</i><sub>max</sub> = 2.31mm, minimum error <i>e</i><sub>min</sub> = -2.36mm). The eRMS for positional error amounted to 1.32mm while the overall error was 3.24 mm. The latency at a pendulum angle of 0&deg; (vertical) was 7.8ms.
Gambling with subject headings (1993)

Describes the collection of gambling held at the University of Nevada-Las Vegas James Dickinson Library. Gives a brief history of gambling in Nevada and describes the library's collection development policy. Examines how the collection has been catalogued, discussing cataloguing policies, subject heading, and classification.
Induction of antitumor immunity by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing B7-1 or B7-2 costimulatory molecules. (1994)

Activation of T cells requires at least two signals: an antigen-specific signal delivered through the T-cell receptor and a costimulatory signal mediated through molecules designated B7-1 and B7-2. Previous studies have shown that introduction of B7-1 and B7-2 into tumors using retroviral vectors has led to enhanced antitumor effects. A limiting factor for potential clinical applications using this approach is the low efficiency of infection of retroviral vectors and consequent manipulations of infected cells. Vaccinia virus thus represents an alternative vector for B7 gene expression in tumor cells. In this report we describe the construction and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the murine B7-1 and B7-2 genes (designated rV-B7-1 and rV-B7-2). Infection of BSC-1 cells with these constructs results in rapid and efficient cell surface expression of both B7-1 and B7-2 (> 97% of cells at 4 h). Infection of murine carcinoma cells with low multiplicity of infection of wild-type vaccinia virus leads to the death of the host following tumor transplantation. In contrast, inoculation of rV-B7-1- or rV-B7-2-infected tumor cells into immunocompetent animals resulted in no tumor growth. These studies demonstrate the utility of recombinant vaccinia viruses to deliver B7 molecules to tumor cells for potential gene therapy and recombinant approaches to cancer immunotherapy.
Distribution and regulation of expression of the putative human chemokine receptor HCR in leukocyte populations (2002)

Human chemokine receptor (HCR) is a putative chemokine receptor sharing high similarity with CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5. Its gene is located within the main cluster of CC-chemokine receptor genes, in the 3p21 region of the human genome. We generated monoclonal antibodies directed at human HCR, and studied its distribution in human leukocyte populations and cell lines, and its regulation following maturation or activation of these populations. In peripheral blood leukocytes, HCR is expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, including most memory and part of naive cells, but is absent from B cells. Expression of HCR was enhanced following stimulation of T cells by OKT3 and IL-2. HCR is present on monocytes and macrophages. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells harbored HCR, and expression was enhanced following stimulation by lipopolysaccharides, poly (I:C), IFN-gamma or CD40L. Neutrophils strongly expressed HCR. A similar distribution was found in bone marrow,and HCR was also expressed in CD34+ precursors. Expression of HCR and its regulation were confirmed by real-time PCR. In a panel of human tissues, we found abundant HCR transcripts in thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and lung. This large distribution across leukocyte populations, and the up-regulation during DC maturation, represent a new profile among chemokine receptors. We speculate that HCR responds to inflammatory chemokines, and might be involved in the interaction between antigen presenting and T cells, and in hematopoiesis.
Improved Clearability of Cystic Fibrosis Sputum with Dextran Treatment in vitro (1998)

Most patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dextran exhibits anti-adhesive effects in preventing attachment of P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells (1). The initial purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of dextran to alter the rheology and ciliary transportability of CF sputum prior to initiation of a clinical trial in patients with CF. Sputum samples were collected from 25 patients with CF not receiving rhDNase therapy for use in in vitro testing. Aliquots of CF sputum were treated with 10% vol. Ringer's or the same volume of Dextran 4000 to give a final concentration of 0.4% (4 mg/ml) or 4% (40 mg/ml) dextran in the sputum. Dog mucus samples were collected from seven healthy, anesthetized dogs from the endotracheal tube cuff. Aliquots of dog mucus were subjected to the same concentrations of dextran as the CF sputum. All treated samples were incubated for 30 min at 37 degrees C, and their rheologic properties (viscoelasticity) were evaluated by magnetic microrheometry. For 17 of the sputum samples, frog palate mucociliary transportability was determined from sputum movement on the ciliated, mucus-depleted frog palate, relative to native frog mucus control. Spinnability (cohesiveness) was evaluated by the filancemeter technique for eight sputum samples. Overall, whether for CF sputum or healthy dog mucus, Dextran 4000 treatment significantly reduced viscoelasticity and increased predicted mucociliary and cough clearability. Direct measurements of sputum mucociliary clearability on frog palate increased significantly with 0.4% dextran and 4% dextran compared with saline control. Sputum spinnability (cohesiveness) decreased significantly with both dextran concentrations, too. The effects on viscoelasticity and spinnability were greater at 4% than at 0.4%. There was a significant positive correlation between spinnability and viscoelasticity, and negative relationships between spinnability and both forms of clearability as predicted from viscoelastic measurements. This study suggests that treatment with Dextran 4000 can reduce the crosslink density and cohesiveness of CF and improve mucociliary and cough clearability. Dextran 4000 is an inexpensive and nontoxic agent that may be of benefit in patients with CF lung disease and perhaps in other respiratory disease where mucus retention is an important feature.
The cps Genes of Streptococcus suis Serotypes 1, 2, and 9: Development of Rapid Serotype-Specific PCR Assays (1999)

We developed three type-specific PCR assays for the rapid and sensitive detection of Streptococcus suis serotype 1 (plus 14), serotype 2 (plus 1/2), and serotype 9 strains in tonsillar specimens from pigs. The PCR primers were based on the sequences of type-specific capsular genes of S. suis serotype 1, 2, and 9 strains. We recently characterized a major part of the capsular biosynthesis (cps) locus of S. suis serotype 2. Here we extended these studies and characterized major parts of the cps loci of S. suis serotypes 1 and 9. Type-specific genes were identified by cross-hybridization experiments between the individual cps genes and chromosomal DNAs from the 35 different serotypes. Four genes of S. suis serotype 1 specifically hybridized with serotype 1 and 14 strains only. Five genes of S. suis serotype 2 specifically hybridized with serotype 2 and 1/2 strains only, and two genes of S. suis serotype 9 specifically hybridized with serotype 9 strains. Until now rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests were available only for pathogenic strains of serotype 2 and highly pathogenic strains of serotype 1. The serotype-specific PCR assays can therefore be useful tools for the identification of serotype 1, 14, 2, 1/2, and 9 strains both for diagnostic purposes and in epidemiological and transmission studies. Therefore, these tests may facilitate control and eradication programs.
Molecular events involved in the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by T lymphocytes of mammary tumor-bearing mice (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of extracellular proteinases whose contributions to cancer progression have been studied because of their matrix-degrading abilities and elevated expression in advanced stage tumors. Recent findings suggest a role for MMPs during the multiple stages of tumor progression including establishment and growth, migration, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. MMP-9 regulation at the molecular level can be studied by measuring the effect(s) of a variety of physiological and pharmacological agents on cells. Multiple signaling molecules such as protein kinase C, pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein G, and protein tyrosine kinases are known to mediate the secretion of MMPs in cell lines. We previously reported an upregulation of MMP-9 in T cells of mammary tumor-bearing mice. In this study, pharmacologic inhibitors were used to dissect the signaling pathways involved in the upregulation of MMP-9 in the splenic T cells of normal and mammary tumor-bearing mice. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, stimulated MMP-9 secretion by normal T lymphocytes, while the constitutively high levels of MMP-9 produced by tumor bearers' T cells were decreased by Genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and Rottlerin, a PKC inhibitor. Using a NF-kappaB specific probe to the murine MMP-9 promoter, electromobility shift assays of nuclear proteins from normal and tumor bearers' splenic T cells revealed a pattern of higher intensity bands from the tumor bearers' nuclear extracts, indicating a greater amount of these transcription factors bound to the recognition motif. When mammary tumor bearers' T cells were cultured with the NF-kappaB inhibitors, N-p-Tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride and Bay 11-7082, there was a subsequent decreased production of MMP-9. These results suggest that the tumor burden may be activating various signaling pathways within splenic T lymphocytes to upregulate MMP-9 expression.
Regulation of Protein Binding toward a Ligand on Chromatographic Matrixes by Masking and Forced-Releasing Effects Using Thermoresponsive Polymer (2002)

A novel concept of affinity regulation based on masking and forced-releasing effects using a thermoresponsive polymer was elucidated. Affinity chromatographic matrixes were prepared using either poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) or poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) beads immobilized with ligand molecule, Cibacron Blue F3G-A (CB), together with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm), a polymer with a cloud point of 32 degrees C. Two different lengths of spacer molecules were used for the immobilization of CB while maintaining the PIPAAm size constant. Chromatographic analyses using bovine serum albumin as a model protein showed a clear correlation between spacer length and binding capacity at temperatures lower than the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PIPAAm. The binding capacity under the LCST was significantly reduced only when the calculated spacer length was shorter than the mean size of the extended PIPAAm. Furthermore, the adsorbed protein could be desorbed (released) from the matrix surface by lowering the temperature to below the LCST while maintaining other factors such as pH and ion strength. Selective recovery of human albumin from human sera was demonstrated using this newly developed thermoresponsive affinity column.
Distribution of the cell substratum attachment (CSAT) antigen on myogenic and fibroblastic cells in culture. (1985)

Previous studies (Neff et al., 1982, J. Cell. Biol. 95:654-666; Decker et al., 1984. J. Cell. Biol. 99:1388-1404) have described a monoclonal antibody (CSAT Mab) directed against a complex of three integral membrane glycoproteins of 120,000-160,000 mol wt (CSAT antigen [ag]) involved in the cell matrix adhesion of myoblasts and fibroblasts. In localization studies on fibroblasts presented here, CSAT ag has a discrete, well-organized distribution pattern. It co-aligns with portions of stress fibers and is enriched at the periphery of, but not directly beneath vinculin-rich focal contacts. In this last location, it co-distributes with fibronectin, consistent with the suggestion that the CSAT ag participates in the mechanism by which fibroblasts attach to fibronectin. In prefusion myoblasts, which are rapidly detached by CSAT Mab, CSAT ag is distributed diffusely as are vinculin, laminin, and fibronectin. After fusion, myotubes become more difficult to detach with CSAT Mab. The CSAT ag and vinculin are organized in a much more discrete pattern on the myotube surface, becoming enriched at microfilament bundle termini and in lateral lamellae which appear to attach myotubes to the substratum. These results suggest that the organization of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracelluon of CSAT ag-adhesive complexes on the surface of myogenic cells can affect the stability of their adhesive contacts. We conclude from the sum of the studies presented that, in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells, the CSAT ag is localized in sites expected of a surface membrane mediator of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. The results from studies that use fibroblasts in particular suggest the involvement of CSAT ag in the adhesion of these cells to fibronectin.
A spatially continuous mean field theory of electrocortical activity (2002)

A set of nonlinear continuum field equations is presented which describes the dynamics of neural activity in cortex. These take into account the most pertinent anatomical and physiological features found in cortex with all parameter values obtainable from independent experiment. Derivation of a white noise fluctuation spectrum from a linearized set of equations shows the presence of strong resonances that correspond to electroencephalographically observed 0.3-4 Hz (mammalian delta), 4-8 Hz (mammalian theta), 8-13 Hz (mammalian alpha) and &gt;13 Hz (mammalian beta) activity. Numerical solutions of a full set of one-dimensional nonlinear equations include properties analogous to cortical evoked potentials, travelling waves at experimentally observed velocities, threshold type spike activity and limit cycle, chaotic and noise driven oscillations at the frequency of the mammalian alpha rhythm. All these types of behaviour are generated with parameters that are within ranges reported experimentally. The strong dependence of the phenomena observed on inhibitory-inhibitory interactions is demonstrated. These results suggest that the classically described alpha may be instantiated in a number of qualitatively distinct dynamical regimes, all of which depend on the integrity of inhibitory-inhibitory population interactions.
<title>40-Gb/s DWDM free-space optical transmission link over 4.4 km</title> (2000)

We simultaneously transmit 16 separate 2.5 Gb/s wavelength data channels, with a 200 Ghz channel spacing, error-free, over a horizontal free space distance of 4.4 km. We believe this result represents the largest bandwidth transmitted at one time over such a distance, without the use of optical transmission fiber.