gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lymphoma cell-mediated degradation of sulfated proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix: relationship to tumor cell metastasis. (1983)

Cloned lines of the methylcholanthrene-induced DBA/2 low-metastatic T-lymphoma Eb line and its highly metastatic variant ESb line were compared for the ability to degrade proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by cultured endothelial cells. The ECM was metabolically labeled with Na2(35)SO4, and the tumor cell-mediated release of labeled degradation products was analyzed by gel filtration. More than 90% of the labeled material released upon incubation of ESb cells with the ECM, either when exposed or covered with vascular endothelial cells, was in the form of low-Mr, heparan sulfate-containing fragments (Mr approximately 10(4)) compared to high-Mr sulfated proteoglycans (mostly excluded from Sepharose 6B) released by incubation with the low-metastatic Eb cells. The same high- and low-Mr degradation products were obtained by incubation of the ECM with a serum-free medium conditioned by the low (Eb)- and high (ESb)-metastatic sublines, respectively. The high-Mr proteoglycans released by incubation of the ECM with Eb-conditioned medium was further degraded into Mr 10(4) glycosaminoglycan fragments upon a subsequent incubation with ESb-conditioned medium. These fragments were smaller than glycosaminoglycan side chains released by treatment of the ECM with papain or alkaline borohydride, suggesting an ESb-specific endoglycosidase activity. The higher ability of the ESb over the Eb cells to solubilize the glycosaminoglycan scaffolding of the sub-endothelial ECM may, among other properties, facilitate their hematogenous dissemination and extravasation.
Voltammetric studies of the interaction of metal chelates with DNA. 2. Tris-chelated complexes of cobalt(III) and iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVoltammetric studies of the interaction of metal chelates with DNA. 2. Tris-chelated complexes of cobalt(III) and iron(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridineMichael T. Carter, Marisol Rodriguez, and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 24, 8901–8911Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00206a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00206a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6570Altmetric-Citations1492LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells (2012)

Solid-state alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), which utilize anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as their electrolytes, have the potential to provide society with low-cost, long-lasting renewable portable power. However, the chemical stability of AEMs poses a critical challenge that limits the wide scale use of AFCs. This chapter reviews literature findings on the chemical stability of recently developed hydroxide conducting AEMs with various backbone and cation chemical structures, where covalently attached cations in AEMs, include ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, guanidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, quaternized 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane (DABCO), and piperidinium. However, limited chemical analysis has been conducted regarding the chemical stability of AEMs, therefore, this chapter will also discuss earlier work on the chemical stability of small molecule cation analogs in alkaline conditions. In the future, a more fundamental understanding of the chemical stability of AEMs will be required to adequately design robust solid-state AFCs.
Selenoprotein W is a glutathione‐dependent antioxidant in vivo (2002)

The function of selenoprotein W (Se-W) was investigated by cloning the corresponding cDNA from mouse brain and expressing it in CHO cells and H1299 human lung cancer cells. Overexpression of Se-W markedly reduced the sensitivity of both cell lines to H2O2 cytotoxicity. The intracellular peroxide concentration of the transfected cells was lower than that of the parental cells in the absence or presence of extracellular H2O2. The resistance to oxidative stress conferred by Se-W was dependent on glutathione. Expression of Se-W mutants in which selenocysteine-13 or cysteine-37 was replaced by serine did not confer resistance to H2O2, implicating these residues in the antioxidant activity of Se-W in vivo.
Evidence for Cardiomyocyte Renewal in Humans (2009)

It has been difficult to establish whether we are limited to the heart muscle cells we are born with or if cardiomyocytes are generated also later in life. We have taken advantage of the integration of carbon-14, generated by nuclear bomb tests during the Cold War, into DNA to establish the age of cardiomyocytes in humans. We report that cardiomyocytes renew, with a gradual decrease from 1% turning over annually at the age of 25 to 0.45% at the age of 75. Fewer than 50% of cardiomyocytes are exchanged during a normal life span. The capacity to generate cardiomyocytes in the adult human heart suggests that it may be rational to work toward the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating this process in cardiac pathologies.
Reactions of VX, GD, and HD with Nanosize MgO (1999)

The room-temperature reactions of the chemical warfare agents VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate), GD (3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl methylphosphonofluoridate, or Soman), and HD (2,2‘-dichloroethyl sulfide, or mustard) with nanosize MgO have been studied using solid-state MAS NMR. All three agents hydrolyze on the surface of the very reactive MgO nanoparticles. VX yields ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA) and methylphosphonic acid (MPA), but no toxic S-(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate (EA-2192). GD forms both GD-acid and MPA. For HD, in addition to hydrolysis to thiodiglycol, about 50% elimination to divinyl sulfide occurs. The reaction kinetics for all three agents are characterized by a fast initial reaction followed by gradual slowing to a steady-state reaction with first-order behavior. The fast reaction is consistent with liquid spreading through the porous nanoparticle aggregates. The steady-state reaction is identified as a gas-phase reaction, mediated by evaporation, once the liquid achieves its volume in the smallest available pores.
Reduced serum BCMA levels distinguish patients with primary antibody deficiency (2016)

Abstract B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a TNF family receptor that binds a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF). BCMA is expressed by immunoglobulin secreting cells, but not other B cells, and supports their survival. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency and may lead to infection and complications including autoimmunity, enteropathy, lung disease, and malignancy. PAD patients with these complications have reduced survival, yet there are no validated tests to predict those at risk. We previously demonstrated that BCMA is present in the serum and its levels are elevated in patients with multiple myeloma. As BCMA is expressed by both normal and malignant antibody-producing cells, we examined serum levels of BCMA in PAD. Patients with PAD (n=68) had markedly reduced BCMA levels (median, 7.30) compared with healthy donors (n=119; median, 35.20; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). When subgrouped based upon PAD diagnosis, serum BCMA was reduced compared to controls among those with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) (n=48; median, 7.16; P &amp;lt;0.0001) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (n=8; median, 2.30; P &amp;lt;0.0001), but not among those with selective IgA deficiency or hyper IgM syndrome. CVID patients with any inflammatory complication, or enteropathy specifically, had significantly lower serum BCMA than CVID patients without complications (P &amp;lt; 0.01 for both). Serum BCMA moderately correlated with isotype-switched memory B cells (r = 0.473), but poorly correlated with IgA, IgG, or IgM levels or total B cell levels. These results demonstrate that reduced serum BCMA levels are found in PAD patients, distinguish types of PAD, and are associated with the development of complications in CVID.
Targeted exosome-mediated delivery of opioid receptor Mu siRNA for the treatment of morphine relapse (2015)

Cell-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to be efficient carriers of small RNAs to neighbouring or distant cells, highlighting the preponderance of exosomes as carriers for gene therapy over other artificial delivery tools. In the present study, we employed modified exosomes expressing the neuron-specific rabies viral glycoprotein (RVG) peptide on the membrane surface to deliver opioid receptor mu (MOR) siRNA into the brain to treat morphine addiction. We found that MOR siRNA could be efficiently packaged into RVG exosomes and was associated with argonaute 2 (AGO2) in exosomes. These exosomes efficiently and specifically delivered MOR siRNA into Neuro2A cells and the mouse brain. Functionally, siRNA-loaded RVG exosomes significantly reduced MOR mRNA and protein levels. Surprisingly, MOR siRNA delivered by the RVG exosomes strongly inhibited morphine relapse via the down-regulation of MOR expression levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that targeted RVG exosomes can efficiently transfer siRNA to the central nervous system and mediate the treatment of morphine relapse by down-regulating MOR expression levels. Our study provides a brand new strategy to treat drug relapse and diseases of the central nervous system.
A Phase 1 Study of CAL-101, An Isoform-Selective Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase P110δ, In Combination with Rituximab and/or Bendamustine In Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 2832 Introduction: The class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate a variety of cellular functions relevant to oncogenesis. Expression of the PI3K p110δ isoform (PI3Kδ) is restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin where it plays a key role in B cell proliferation and survival. CAL-101 is an isoform-selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ (EC50 of 8 nM in a cell-based assay with &gt;200-fold selectivity relative to other PI3K isoforms). A Phase 1 study of single-agent CAL-101 demonstrated clinical activity in patients with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), mantle cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); a favorable safety profile suggested that CAL-101 might successfully be combined with other agents active against lymphoid malignancies. Methods and Patients: This Phase 1 study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and activity of CAL-101 in combination with rituximab and/or bendamustine in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell indolent NHL and CLL. All patients received CAL-101 100 mg orally twice per day (BID) in 28-day cycles for up to 12 cycles. Patients also received either rituximab 375 mg/m2 administered weekly for 8 weeks, starting on Day 1 of Cycle 1, or bendamustine 90 mg/m2 administered on Days 1 and 2 of each cycle for 6 cycles. Tumor response was evaluated according to standard criteria. Results: At data cutoff, 12 patients were enrolled in the study, including 6 with NHL and 6 with CLL. Patients included: males/females n=8 (67%)/4 (33%) with median age [range] of 65 [55-80] years, and relapsed/refractory disease n=8 (67%)/4 (33%). The median [range] number of prior therapies was 3 [1-11]. The number (%) of patients with specific prior therapies included: rituximab n=12 (100%), alkylating agent n= 10 (83%), purine analog n=9 (75%), and anthracycline/anthracenedione n=6 (50%). All patients received CAL-101 100 mg BID; 6 patients received rituximab and 6 received bendamustine. One patient with NHL had a dose reduction of bendamustine due to hiccups and 1 patient with NHL had a dose reduction of CAL-101 due to increased ALT/AST; all other patients received the full-dose regimen with acceptable tolerability. Preliminary clinical response assessments were available for 6 patients who had completed 2 cycles of combination treatment; the results are shown in the table. Enrollment is ongoing and dose escalation of CAL-101 is planned. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: Early results from this Phase 1 study of CAL-101, an oral PI3Kδ isoform-selective inhibitor, in combination with rituximab or bendamustine show acceptable safety and promising clinical activity in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B-cell NHL and CLL. Disclosures: Flinn: calistoga: Research Funding. Off Label Use: CAL-101 for NHL. Leonard:Calistoga: Consultancy, Research Funding. Holes:Calistoga: Employment. Peterman:Calistoga: Employment. Yu:Calistoga: Employment.
Pharmacologic modification of serotonergic function: drugs for the study and treatment of psychiatric and other disorders. (1986)

The development of direct serotonin agonists, selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake, serotonin receptor antagonists, and other drugs affecting serotonergic function has aided the study of physiologic functions of brain serotonin neurons in laboratory animals and the recognition and classification of serotonin receptor subtypes. Agents of these types are real or potential drugs for the treatment of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression) and other disorders such as overeating, alcoholism, myoclonus, and chronic pain. In addition, the agents may permit assessment of the functional state of brain serotonin receptors in humans.
Gas-Sensitive Properties of Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nitride Films (2000)

Electronic noses based on polymer-like carbon nitride (CNx) are investigated by these authors. The gas-sensing properties of CNx are examined, focusing on the detection of humidity and ammonia. Two basic types of gas sensor—capacitance and microelectromechanical (see Figure)—are discussed. It is found that the sensors are highly sensitive, stable, and have short response and recovery times.
Bark and ERB bilinear transforms (1999)

Use of a bilinear conformal map to achieve a frequency warping nearly identical to that of the Bark frequency scale is described. Because the map takes the unit circle to itself, its form is that of the transfer function of a first-order allpass filter. Since it is a first-order map, it preserves the model order of rational systems, making it a valuable frequency warping technique for use in audio filter design. A closed-form weighted-equation-error method is derived that computes the optimal mapping coefficient as a function of sampling rate, and the solution is shown to be generally indistinguishable from the optimal least-squares solution. The optimal Chebyshev mapping is also found to be essentially identical to the optimal least-squares solution. The expression 0.8517[arctan(0.06583fs)]/sup 1/2/-0.916 is shown to accurately approximate the optimal allpass coefficient as a function of sampling rate f/sub s/ in kHz for sampling rates greater than 1 kHz. A filter design example is included that illustrates improvements due to carrying out the design over a Bark scale. Corresponding results are also given and compared for approximating the related "equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) scale" of Moore and Glasberg (ACTA Acustica, vo.82, p.335-45, 1996) using a first-order allpass transformation. Due to the higher frequency resolution called for by the ERB scale, particularly at low frequencies, the first-order conformal map is less able to follow the desired mapping, and the error is two to three times greater than the Bark-scale case, depending on the sampling rate.
High performance 0.1 μm gate-length p-type SiGe MODFET's and MOS-MODFET's (2000)

High performance p-type modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFET's) and metal-oxide-semiconductor MODFET (MOS-MODFET) with 0.1 /spl mu/m gate-length have been fabricated on a high hole mobility SiGe-Si heterojunction grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The MODFET devices exhibited an extrinsic transconductance (g/sub m/) of 142 mS/mm, a unity current gain cut-off frequency (f/sub T/) of 45 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub MAX/) of 81 GHz, 5 nm-thick high quality jet-vapor-deposited (JVD) SiO/sub 2/ was utilized as gate dielectric for the MOS-MODFET's. The devices exhibited a lower gate leakage current (1 nA//spl mu/m at V/sub gs/=6 V) and a wider gate operating voltage swing in comparison to the MODFET's. However, due to the larger gate-to-channel distance and the existence of a parasitic surface channel, MOS-MODFET's demonstrated a smaller peak g/sub m/ of 90 mS/mm, f/sub T/ of 38 GHz, and f/sub max/ of 64 GHz. The threshold voltage shifted from 0.45 V for MODFET's to 1.33 V for MOS-MODFET's. A minimum noise figure (NF/sub min/) of 1.29 dB and an associated power gain (G/sub a/) of 12.8 dB were measured at 2 GHz for MODFET's, while the MOS-MODFET's exhibited a NF/sub min/ of 0.92 dB and a G/sub a/ of 12 dB at 2 GHz. These DC, RF, and high frequency noise characteristics make SiGe/Si MODFET's and MOS-MODFET's excellent candidates for wireless communications.
Raman spectroscopic study of the high-pressure phase of polyethylene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman spectroscopic study of the high-pressure phase of polyethyleneStephanie L. WunderCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 4, 1024–1030Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50005a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50005a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Transient Steering Decorrelator Tool in the Upcoming MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding Standard (2011)

Applause signals are still challenging to code with good perceptual quality using parametric multichannel audio coding techniques. To improve the codec performance for these particular items, the Transient Steering Decorrelator (TSD) tool has been adopted into the upcoming Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) standard on Unified Speech and Audio Coding (USAC) as an amendement to the MPEG Surround 2-1-2 module (MPS). TSD improves the perceptual quality of signals which contain rather dense spatially distributed transient auditory events like in applause type of signals. Within TSD, transient events are separated from the core decoder output and a dedicated decorrelator algorithm distributes the transients in the spatial image according to parametric guiding information transmitted in the bitstream. Listening tests show a substantial improvement in subjective quality.
Escherichia coli Promoters with UP Elements of Different Strengths: Modular Structure of Bacterial Promoters (1998)

The alpha subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) participates in promoter recognition through specific interactions with UP element DNA, a region upstream of the recognition hexamers for the sigma subunit (the -10 and -35 hexamers). UP elements have been described in only a small number of promoters, including the rRNA promoter rrnB P1, where the sequence has a very large (30- to 70-fold) effect on promoter activity. Here, we analyzed the effects of upstream sequences from several additional E. coli promoters (rrnD P1, rrnB P2, lambda pR, lac, merT, and RNA II). The relative effects of different upstream sequences were compared in the context of their own core promoters or as hybrids to the lac core promoter. Different upstream sequences had different effects, increasing transcription from 1.5- to approximately 90-fold, and several had the properties of UP elements: they increased transcription in vitro in the absence of accessory protein factors, and transcription stimulation required the C-terminal domain of the RNAP alpha subunit. The effects of the upstream sequences correlated generally with their degree of similarity to an UP element consensus sequence derived previously. Protection of upstream sequences by RNAP in footprinting experiments occurred in all cases and was thus not a reliable indicator of UP element strength. These data support a modular view of bacterial promoters in which activity reflects the composite effects of RNAP interactions with appropriately spaced recognition elements (-10, -35, and UP elements), each of which contributes to activity depending on its similarity to the consensus.
Suppression of cell death by the secretory form of N-terminal ERC/mesothelin (2010)

ERC/mesothelin is highly expressed in malignant mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer. It is cleaved to a 30 kDa N-terminal secretory form (N-ERC) and a 40 kDa C-terminal membranous form (C-ERC). Several functions have been reported for full-length ERC (full-ERC) and C-ERC/mesothelin, such as in cell adhesion and invasion, stimulation of cell proliferation, and the suppression of cell death. However, there have been no studies to date on the function of secretory N-ERC, despite the fact that it is abundantly secreted into the sera of mesothelioma patients. In this study, we investigated whether N-ERC could function as a secretory factor to stimulate tumor progression. Full-, N, or C-ERC was overexpressed in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh7 that lacks endogenous expression of ERC/mesothelin. Changes in the rates of cell proliferation and cell death were determined, and the state of signal transducers was examined using various endpoints: total cell counts, trypan blue exclusion rate, BrdU incorporation rate, TUNEL assay, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Stat3. In cells overexpressing N-ERC, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was enhanced and the rate of cell death decreased, leading to the increase of cell number. The culture medium containing the secretory N-ERC also had the activity to increase the number of cells. Our data suggested that one of the full-ERC functions reported previously was mediated by the secretory N-ERC.