gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximately half of the erythroblasts in maternal blood are of fetal origin (1999)

The enrichment of fetal erythroblasts from the peripheral blood of pregnant women is currently actively pursued for the development of a non-invasive means of prenatal diagnosis. Since erythroblasts in maternal blood are not all of fetal origin, and currently no reliable method exists to distinguish between the maternal and fetal erythroblasts, their use for prenatal diagnosis is not without uncertainty. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of fetal erythroblasts in maternal blood at the single cell level and to what extent such cells can reproducibly be used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based prenatal diagnostic analyses. Erythroblasts were enriched from the peripheral blood of rhesus negative pregnant women using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). Single erythroblasts identified morphologically were individually micromanipulated and analysed by a multiplex PCR reaction for the fetal SRY and rhesus D genes. As a control for the PCR reaction the beta-globin gene was used. The PCR results were validated by the results obtained by invasive procedures. In all instances where single erythroblasts were examined, the correct fetal genotype for the two fetal specific loci was detected. Furthermore, our results indicate that approximately 50% of the enriched erythroblasts are of fetal origin.
Inflammation as a causative factor in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease (2007)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly the elderly, although a small proportion of PD patients develop the illness at a much younger age. In the former group, idiopathic PD patients, the causes of the illness have been the subject of longstanding debate with environmental toxins, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal protein handling and oxidative stress being suggested. One problem has been that the epidemiology of PD has offered few clues to provide evidence for a single major causative factor. Comparatively recently it has been found that in both patients and experimental models of PD in animals neuroinflammation appears to be a ubiquitous finding. These cases present with all of the classical features of inflammation including phagocyte activation, increased synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines and complement activation. Although this process is vital for normal function and protection in both the CNS, as in the periphery, it is postulated that in the aetiology of PD this process may spiral out of control with over activation of microglia, over production of cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators as well as the release of destructive molecules such as reactive oxygen species. Given that dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are relatively vulnerable to 'stress' and the region has a large population of microglia in comparison to other CNS structures, these events may easily trigger neurodegeneration. These factors are examined in this review along with a consideration of the possible use of anti-inflammatory drugs in PD.
Silencing Primary Dystonia: Lentiviral-Mediated RNA Interference Therapy for DYT1 Dystonia (2005)

DYT1 is the most common inherited dystonia. Currently, there are no preventive or curative therapies for this dominantly inherited disease. DYT1 dystonia is caused by a common three-nucleotide deletion in the TOR1A gene that eliminates a glutamic acid residue from the protein torsinA. Recent studies suggest that torsinA carrying the disease-linked mutation, torsinA(DeltaE) acts through a dominant-negative effect by recruiting wild-type torsinA [torsinA(wt)] into oligomeric structures in the nuclear envelope. Therefore, suppressing torsinA(DeltaE) expression through RNA interference (RNAi) could restore the normal function of torsinA(wt), representing a potentially effective therapy regardless of the biological role of torsinA. Here, we have generated short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that mediate allele-specific suppression of torsinA(DeltaE) and rescue cells from its dominant-negative effect, restoring the normal distribution of torsinA(wt). In addition, delivery of this shRNA by a recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus effectively silenced torsinA(DeltaE) in a neural model of the disease. We further establish the feasibility of this viral-mediated RNAi approach by demonstrating significant suppression of endogenous torsinA in mammalian neurons. Finally, this silencing of torsinA is achieved without triggering an interferon response. These results support the potential use of viral-mediated RNAi as a therapy for DYT1 dystonia and establish the basis for preclinical testing in animal models of the disease.
The outside vapor deposition method of fabricating optical waveguide fibers (1982)

The outside vapor deposition (OVD) process for fabricating high performance glass optical waveguide fibers is reviewed. Starting metal halide chemicals, porous soot preform fabrication, sintering steps, and fiber drawing are discussed. Preform target size and its effect in obtaining deposition rates to 4 g/min is presented. Data comparisons of OVD fiber performance with other vapor deposited techniques are presented for attenuation, hydroxyl content, and strength (0.7 GPa/M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for 49.5 km of fiber). Single-mode fiber results including excellent geometric concentricity are also discussed.
Endocrine Cell Clustering During Human Pancreas Development (2009)

The development of efficient, reproducible protocols for directed in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells into insulin-producing beta cells will benefit greatly from increased knowledge regarding the spatiotemporal expression profile of key instructive factors involved in human endocrine cell generation. Human fetal pancreases 7 to 21 weeks of gestational age, were collected following consent immediately after pregnancy termination and processed for immunostaining, in situ hybridization, and real-time RT-PCR expression analyses. Islet-like structures appear from approximately week 12 and, unlike the mixed architecture observed in adult islets, fetal islets are initially formed predominantly by aggregated insulin- or glucagon-expressing cells. The period studied (7-22 weeks) coincides with a decrease in the proliferation and an increase in the differentiation of the progenitor cells, the initiation of NGN3 expression, and the appearance of differentiated endocrine cells. The present study provides a detailed characterization of islet formation and expression profiles of key intrinsic and extrinsic factors during human pancreas development. This information is beneficial for the development of efficient protocols that will allow guided in vitro differentiation of hES cells into insulin-producing cells.
Low Loss (13 dB/km) Air Core Photonic Band-Gap Fibre (2002)

We report the fabrication of a hollow core photonic band-gap fibre with a loss less than 30 dB/km over a 125 nm transmission window. The 100-meter length of fibre has a minimum loss of 13 dB/km at 1500 nm. This result represents an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude in the reported attenuation of air-core fibres
Multi-label output codes using canonical correlation analysis (2025)

Traditional error-correctingoutput codes (E-COCs) decompose a multi-class classification problem into many binary problems. Although it seems natural to use ECOCs for multi-label problems as well, doing so naively createsissues related to: the validity of the encoding, the efficiency of the decoding, the predictabilityofthegeneratedcodeword,and the exploitation of the label dependency. Using canonical correlation analysis, we propose an error-correcting code for multi-label classification. Labeldependencyischaracterized as the most predictable directions in the label space, which are extracted as canonical output variates and encoded into the codeword. Predictions for the codeword define a graphical model of labels with both Bernoulli potentials (from classifiers on the labels) and Gaussian potentials (from regression on the canonical output variates). Decoding is performed by mean-field approximation. We establish connections between the proposed code and research areas such as compressed sensing and ensemble learning. Some of these connections contribute to better understanding of the new code, and others lead to practical improvements in code design. In our empirical study, the proposed code leads to substantial improvements compared to various competitors in music emotion classification and outdoor scene recognition. 1
Field Trial of Rhesus Rotavirus or Human-Rhesus Rotavirus Reassortant Vaccine of VP7 Serotype 3 or 1 Specificity in Infants (1992)

Orally administered live rhesus monkey rotavirus vaccine (RRV, VP7 serotype 3) and human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine (DxRRV, VP7 serotype 1) were evaluated in a placebo-controlled field trial of 223 infants 2-4 months old. Both vaccines were mildly reactogenic but were generally well tolerated in the 10 days after vaccination. RRV and DxRRV were immunogenic, inducing serum antibody responses in 78% and 71% of the vaccines, respectively. Efficacy of RRV vaccine was 66% (P = .01) and of DxRRV vaccine 77% (P = .002) against rotavirus-associated illness in the first season after vaccination. Efficacy of RRV vaccine against rotavirus-associated illness over three rotavirus seasons was 51.2% (P = .045) and of DxRRV vaccine was 67.3% (P = .006). RRV vaccine provided heterotypic protection of 58.5% (P = .041) and DxRRV vaccine provided homotypic protection of 72.8% (P = .005) over three seasons against the predominant serotype 1 rotavirus.
Soft curvature sensors for joint angle proprioception (2011)

We introduce a curvature sensor composed of a thin, transparent elastomer film (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) embedded with a microchannel of conductive liquid (eutectic Gallium Indium, eGaIn) and a sensing element. Bending the sensor exerts pressure on the embedded microchannel via the sensing element. Deformation of the cross-section of the microchannel leads to a change in electrical resistance. We demonstrate the functionality of the sensor through testing on a finger joint. The film is wrapped around a finger with the sensing element positioned on top of the knuckle. Finger bending both stretches the elastomer and exerts pressure on the sensing element, leading to an enhanced change in the electrical resistance. Because the sensor is soft (elastic modulus E ~ 1 MPa) and stretchable (>350%), it conforms to the host bending without interfering with the natural mechanics of motion. This sensor represents the first use of liquid-embedded elastomer electronics to monitor human or robotic motion.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize structurally diverse, clade-specific and cross-reactive peptides in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gag through HLA-B53 (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes have largely been defined in Caucasian populations infected with clade B virus. Identification of potentially protective CTL epitopes in non-B clade-infected African subjects is important for vaccine development. In a study of CTL responses in clade A-infected Gambians, using cytotoxicity, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and HLA-B53-peptide tetramer assays, we identified three HLA-B53-restricted epitopes in HIV-1 gag p24. CTL specific for an epitope in a highly immunogenic region of the p24 protein showed no cross-reactivity to other HIV-1 clades. Two of the epitopes would not have been predicted from the peptide-binding motif due to the absence of a proline anchor at position 2. Structural analysis of HLA-B53 and its relative, HLA B35, enabled us to re-define the peptide-binding motif to include other P2 anchors. These results demonstrate the value of combined immunological and structural analyses in defining novel CTL epitopes and have implications for HIV-1 vaccine design.
STAT4 and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2007)

A haplotype of STAT4 is associated with increased risk for both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a shared pathway for these illnesses.
Up-regulation of the oligosaccharide sialyl LewisX: a new prognostic parameter in metastatic prostate cancer. (1995)

Metastatic prostate cancer has an unpredictable long-term prognosis. At present, there are few specific predictors to indicate the outcome for the individual patient. We have studied immunoreactivity for type-2 carbohydrate structures, known to be involved in various cell adhesion processes, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. One group of patients (n = 26) did not progress within 3 years after orchiectomy, while another group of patients (n = 33) progressed within 1 year following castration and survived less than 2 years. Among the parameters studied, sialyl LewisX carbohydrate up-regulation was the only variable showing significant association with poor prognosis (P < 0.01). Sialyl LewisX discriminated between these two outcome groups with 71% predictability and 96% specificity. Our results indicate that up-regulation of sialyl LewisX is associated with hormonal-resistant, aggressive disease. This prognostic marker may, therefore, have an important role in selecting proper treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (1992)

A 36-item short-form (SF-36) was constructed to survey health status in the Medical Outcomes Study. The SF-36 was designed for use in clinical practice and research, health policy evaluations, and general population surveys. The SF-36 includes one multi-item scale that assesses eight health concepts: 1) limitations in physical activities because of health problems; 2) limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems; 3) limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems; 4) bodily pain; 5) general mental health (psychological distress and well-being); 6) limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems; 7) vitality (energy and fatigue); and 8) general health perceptions. The survey was constructed for self-administration by persons 14 years of age and older, and for administration by a trained interviewer in person or by telephone. The history of the development of the SF-36, the origin of specific items, and the logic underlying their selection are summarized. The content and features of the SF-36 are compared with the 20-item Medical Outcomes Study short-form.
Now What? Anxious Colby seniors ponder their next move (2004)

College seniors have more than graduation approaching. Four members of the Class of '04 share their hopes and worries.
Interaction of asterriquinone with deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro. (1990)

The interaction of asterriquinone (ARQ), a novel antitumor agent isolated from Aspergillus fungi, with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), has been studied. The binding of ARQ in vitro with DNA (calf thymus) was ascertained by its behavior in gel filtration using a Sephadex G-25 column at pH 5.4. Some ARQ analogs having no, or less, antitumor activity did not exhibit any evidence of interaction with DNA under the same condition. From the results obtained in this work, the pKa value of ARQs seemed to be critical between 6 and 7 for their binding to DNA and for exhibition of antitumor activity. Also, ARQ showed serious membrane deformations and an inhibitory effect on the membranous adenosine triphosphatase of Ehrlich carcinoma cells.
Cell‐permeable peptide antioxidants as a novel therapeutic approach in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. They are important contributors to necrotic and apoptotic cell death. A major proportion of cellular ROS is generated at the inner mitochondrial membrane by the respiratory chain. In the present study, we investigated a novel peptide antioxidant (SS-31) targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane for its therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo in the G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SS-31 protected against cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide in vitro in neuronal cells stably transfected with either wild-type or mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Daily intraperitoneal injections of SS-31 (5 mg/kg), starting at 30 days of age, led to a significant improvement in survival and motor performance. In comparison with vehicle-treated G93A mice, SS-31-treated mice showed a decreased cell loss and a decrease in immunostaining for markers of oxidative stress in the lumbar spinal cord. This further enhances the concept that pharmacological modification of oxidative stress is a therapeutic option for the treatment of ALS.
Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut hormones (2012)

The overwhelming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in recent years represents one of the greatest threats to the health of the developed world. Among current treatments, however, gastrointestinal (GI) surgery remains the only approach capable of achieving significant weight loss results with long-term sustainability. As the obesity prevalence approaches epidemic proportions, the necessity to unravel the mechanisms regulating appetite control has garnered significant attention. It is well known that physical activity and food intake regulation are the two most important factors involved in body weight control. To regulate food intake, the brain must alter appetite. With this realization has come increased efforts to understand the intricate interplay between gut hormones and the central nervous system, and the role of these peptides in food intake regulation through appetite modulation. This review discusses the central mechanisms involved in body weight regulation and explores a suite of well characterized and intensely investigated anorexigenic and orexigenic gut hormones. Their appetite-regulating capabilities, post-GI surgery physiology and emerging potential as anti-obesity therapeutics are then reviewed.
Coronary Microvascular Endothelial Stunning After Acute Pressure Overload in the Conscious Dog Is Caused by Oxidant Processes (2003)

Endothelial stunning is caused by oxidant processes inhibited by ascorbate, and the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by increased angiotensin II plays an important role in this process.
TANATOGRAFÍA Y EXPERIENCIA DE LO IMPOSIBLE. CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO A LA LECTURA DERRIDIANA DE FREUD (2013)

En esta breve meditacion intentaremos dar cuenta del interes que tendria para el pensamiento derridiano el texto de Freud Mas alla del principio de placer de 1920. Articularemos, para tal proposito, algunos textos fundamentales de Derrida para abordar finalmente que es lo que pretende ser elaborado en esa relacion Freud-Derrida. Intentaremos de tal forma meditar que mienta ese guion en su relacion con las premisas destacadas por el psicoanalisis freudiano en torno a la pulsion de muerte y constituir con esos elementos (psicoanalisis y deconstruccion) cierta plataforma de analisis para pensar lo politico y el mal.
Effects of 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields on the development of the rat cerebellum (1993)

The effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic (EM) fields on the maturation of the rat cerebellum were studied. Newborn rats were exposed to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields under three different combinations in a specially constructed apparatus. The pups were irradiated for 7-8 h daily, with a 30-min interruption for nursing. Pups were kept with their mothers for the remainder of the time. After approximately 1, 2, or 3 weeks of exposure, the pups were killed. Control pups were sham exposed. The somatic growth of the irradiated rats did not show any significant difference from sham-exposed controls. At 1 kV/m and 10 gauss exposure, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in cerebellar mass. In rats exposed at 1 kV/m and 10 gauss, DNA and RNA levels were significantly higher than those in sham-exposed controls at 6 and 13 days of age, but at 20 days, these two biochemical constituents were similar in both groups of rats. The ELF-EM treatment had no effect on protein and cerebroside concentrations. In terms of age effects, DNA and RNA exhibited increases from 6 to 13 days of age, and declined from 13 to 20 days. Protein and cerebroside levels exhibited increases during the 6-20-day periods. In rats exposed at 100 kV/m and 1 gauss, the DNA levels were initially less than those of sham-exposed controls at 8 days of age, reached approximately the same levels at 14 days, and then were higher than those of controls at 22 days. There was, therefore, a significant ELF-EM effect as well as a significant interaction between age and ELF-EM exposure. In terms of age effects, DNA levels for both control and exposed animals increased from 8 to 14 days. From 14 to 22 days, DNA levels of exposed rats continued to increase while those of the controls decreased. This age effect was significant. RNA levels in both groups of animals showed increases from 8 to 14 days of age, but the increase was less for the irradiated animals than for the controls. From days 14 to 22, RNA levels for both groups showed a reduction, but the decrease was greater in the irradiated than in control rats. ELF-EM treatment significantly reduced protein levels at 8 days of age, but at 14 to 22 days, protein levels of exposed rats were higher than those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ferrous sulfate reduces levodopa bioavailability: Chelation as a possible mechanism (1989)

This study examined the effect of ferrous sulfate, a widely used iron treatment, on levodopa bioavailability in normal subjects. A 250 mg tablet of levodopa was taken with and without a 325 mg tablet of ferrous sulfate by eight normal subjects in a randomized crossover trial. When levodopa was taken with ferrous sulfate there was a 55% decrease in peak levodopa levels (3.6 +/- 2.6 vs 1.6 +/- 0.82 nmol/ml; p less than 0.05) and a 51% decrease in AUC (257 +/- 133 vs 125 +/- 51 nmol.min/ml; p less than 0.01). Persons with the highest peak levodopa levels and AUC after levodopa alone had the greatest reduction in peak levodopa levels and AUC after levodopa ingestion with ferrous sulfate. Iron in its ferrous state is oxidized rapidly to the ferric state in the presence of levodopa at pHs found in the small intestine. In the ferric state, iron binds very strongly to levodopa. Chelation of iron by levodopa is the likely mechanism for this drug interaction. The clinical significance of this interaction is yet to be established.