gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Partial Characterization of LH, FSH and TSH from Canine Pituitary Gland. (1997)

A new preparative procedure without using ion-exchanger is described for the efficient purification of canine LH (cLH), FSH (cFSH) and TSH (cTSH) from the pituitary gland. The hormones were extracted from the pituitary homogenate with an ammonium sulfate solution, and were separated by Concanavalin (Con) A affinity-, hydrophobic interaction-, then immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. In the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, we used copper (Cu2+) as chelated metal ion with ammonium ion gradient and pH gradient in phosphate buffer to attain separation of the hormones. High purity of cLH, cFSH and cTSH was indicated as single bands in SDS-PAGE, with apparent molecular masses of 34, 36 and 37 kDA, respectively. The purified hormones showed two bands corresponding to alpha (20 kDa) and beta subunits (cLH beta: 16 kDa, cFSH beta: 22 kDa, cTSH beta: 16 kDa) under reducing condition in SDS-PAGE. The purified hormones were prepared in good recovery (LH: 53%, FSH: 34%, TSH: 36%) with high biological activity or binding activity to the receptor. Cross-contamination of the purified hormone was less than 0.5%. Examination of the hormone fraction with isoelectric focusing showed that major peaks of isoelectric isoforms were maintained throughout the purification steps of cLH and cFSH, while a few peaks were lost in Con A affinity chromatography in cTSH purification. It was concluded that the present method could prepare highly purified cLH, cFSH and cTSH which retained isoforms of the hormones and biological activity or binding affinity to the receptor.
Delay in P300 Latency in Patients with Organic Solvent Exposure (1992)

Event-related potentials were examined in 12 individuals with a history of organic solvent exposure and in 19 nonexposed controls. The latencies of the N250 and P300 components of the auditory event-related potential were significantly delayed in the solvent-exposed patients compared with those in normal controls. Amplitudes of the N100, P200, and N250 components were larger in the solvent-exposed group, but the P300 amplitude did not differentiate between groups. A comparison with data from clinically stable outpatient schizophrenics indicated that P300 latencies were longer in the solvent-exposed group. Within the exposed group, P300 latency was positively correlated with length of exposure. The delay in N250 and P300 provides evidence that solvent exposure slows central nervous system mechanisms that evaluate and/or process relevant stimuli. The assessment of event-related potentials may be an especially useful way to evaluate central nervous system integrity in persons who have had a neurotoxic exposure.
Effect of replacing uridine 33 in yeast tRNAPhe on the reaction with ribosomes. (1986)

We have determined several kinetic parameters for the reaction of poly(U)-programmed ribosomes with ternary complexes of elongation factor Tu, GTP, and yeast Phe-tRNA analogs with different bases substituted for uridine in position 33. These analogs test whether disruption of the hydrogen bonds normally formed by uridine 33 and steric crowding in the anticodon loop are detrimental to tRNA function on the ribosome. Single-turnover kinetic studies of the reaction of these ternary complexes with ribosomes show that these Phe-tRNA analogs decrease the apparent rate of GTP hydrolysis (kGTP) and the ratio of peptide formed to GTP hydrolyzed. Thus, the substitution of uridine 33 affects not only the selection of a ternary complex by the ribosome but also the selection of an aminoacyl-tRNA in the proofreading reaction. The effects become greater as first one, and then the other, H-bond is disrupted. Steric crowding in the anticodon loop is also important, but does not have as great an effect on the rate constants. An analysis of the elementary rate constants which comprise the rate constant, kGTP, demonstrates that the reduction in kGTP results from a decreased rate of ternary complex association with the ribosome (k1) and that there is little or no effect on the rate of GTP cleavage (k2). An analysis of the rate constants involved in proofreading shows that all the modified (tRNAs have increased rates of aminoacyl-tRNA rejection (k4) but that the rate of peptide bond formation (k3) is unaffected.
ICEBERG: an Internet core network architecture for integrated communications (2000)

In the ICEBERG project at UC Berkeley, we are developing an Internet-based integration of telephony and data services spanning diverse access networks. Our primary goals are extensibility, scalability, robustness, and personalized communication. We leverage the Internet's low cost of entry for service creation, provision, deployment, and integration. We present our solutions to signaling, easy service creation, resource reservation, admission control, billing, and security in the ICEBERG network architecture.
Sex or survival: trade-offs between quality and quantity of life. (1991)

Patients with localized prostate cancer may be treated with either surgery (radical prostatectomy) or radiotherapy. Although controversial, many physicians believe that surgery offers a higher survival rate. However, the surgical treatment may also produce a higher rate of sexual impotency. Our study assessed how men value survival and sexual potency when asked to trade off one for the other. Using the treatment-choice technique, we interviewed 50 men aged 45 to 70 years without known prostate cancer. At hypothetical rates of survival (90% at 5 years for surgery) and impotency (90% for surgery and 40% for radiotherapy) representing published estimates, 32% of respondents were unwilling to trade off any survival, but 68% were willing to trade off a 10% or greater advantage in 5-year survival (by choosing radiotherapy) to maintain sexual potency. The median 5-year survival traded off was 10% (range, 0% to 80%). Willingness to trade off survival for sexual potency was significantly related to level of education, but not to age, interest in sex, frequency of sexual intercourse, or ability to achieve erection. We conclude that some men may choose treatment with lower long-term survival to increase their chance of remaining sexually potent. Because these men may be difficult to identify in clinical practice, physicians should thoroughly discuss both surgery and radiotherapy options with patients who have localized prostate cancer.
The emerging role of the Nrf2–Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer (2013)

The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 [Nrf2])-Keap1 (Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein 1) signaling pathway is one of the most important cell defense and survival pathways. Nrf2 can protect cells and tissues from a variety of toxicants and carcinogens by increasing the expression of a number of cytoprotective genes. As a result, several Nrf2 activators are currently being tested as chemopreventive compounds in clinical trials. Just as Nrf2 protects normal cells, studies have shown that Nrf2 may also protect cancer cells from chemotherapeutic agents and facilitate cancer progression. Nrf2 is aberrantly accumulated in many types of cancer, and its expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients. In addition, Nrf2 expression is induced during the course of drug resistance. Collectively, these studies suggest that Nrf2 contributes to both intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance. This discovery has opened up a broad spectrum of research geared toward a better understanding of the role of Nrf2 in cancer. This review provides an overview of (1) the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, (2) the dual role of Nrf2 in cancer, (3) the molecular basis of Nrf2 activation in cancer cells, and (4) the challenges in the development of Nrf2-based drugs for chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
Assessment of reward responsiveness in the response bias probabilistic reward task in rats: implications for cross-species translational research (2013)

Mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder, are characterized by abnormal reward responsiveness. The Response Bias Probabilistic Reward Task (hereafter referred to as probabilistic reward task (PRT)) quantifies reward responsiveness in human subjects, and an equivalent animal assessment is needed to facilitate preclinical translational research. Thus, the goals of the present studies were to develop, validate and characterize a rat analog of the PRT. Adult male Wistar and Long-Evans rats were trained in operant testing chambers to discriminate between two tone stimuli that varied in duration (0.5 and 2 s). During a subsequent test session consisting of 100 trials, the two tones were made ambiguous (0.9 and 1.6 s) and correct identification of one tone was reinforced with a food pellet three times more frequently than the other tone. In subsequent experiments, Wistar rats were administered either a low dose of the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist pramipexole (0.1 mg kg(-1), subcutaneous) or the psychostimulant amphetamine (0.5 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal) before the test session. Similar to human subjects, both rat strains developed a response bias toward the more frequently reinforced stimulus, reflecting robust reward responsiveness. Mirroring prior findings in humans, a low dose of pramipexole blunted response bias. Moreover, in rats, amphetamine potentiated response bias. These results indicate that in rats, reward responsiveness can be quantified and bidirectionally modulated by pharmacological manipulations that alter striatal dopamine transmission. Thus, this new procedure in rats, which is conceptually and procedurally analogous to the one used in humans, provides a reverse translational platform to investigate abnormal reward responsiveness across species.
Microbiology of Ripening Honey (1975)

Two main groups of bacteria, classified as Gluconobacter and Lactobacillus, are present in ripening honey. A third bacterial group, classified as Zymomonas, and several types of yeast are occasionally isolated. Both in natural honey and in synthetic syrup the bacterial population decreases in the course of the ripening process. Lactobacillus and Gluconobacter disappear after minimum moisture (about 18%) is reached, but the former does so sooner than the latter. The presence of these bacteria in different parts of the bee has been also investigated.
Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 in a rat model of liver metastasis: positive correlation with tumor size. (2001)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), one of the amino acid transporters, is related closely to tumor size in liver metastasis. Rat colon cancer cells (RCN-9) were injected into the capsule of the spleen of 12 male rats (inbred F344/DuCrj). Conversely, four rats received only phosphate-buffered saline (control group 1), and four rats underwent only laparotomy (control group 2). In each rat, the metastatic tumors, areas surrounding tumor nodules, or the livers of the control groups were immunostained with the antibodies to LAT1 C peptide antigen. In control groups 1 and 2, normal hepatocytes did not indicate a staining of LAT1. A total of 90 metastatic nodules were found in 12 livers with metastasis. Of the 90 metastatic nodules, 43 nodules indicated a positive staining of LAT1. Conversely, the remaining 47 metastatic nodules had a negative staining of LAT1. The average size in metastatic nodules in the group with positive staining of LAT1 was 1.6 +/- 0.4 mm2, which was significantly higher than that of the group with negative staining of LAT1 (0.6 +/- 0.2 mm2; P = .0007). The ratio of the average area of the metastatic nodule against the average largest section of the left lobe of the lateral segment (RML, %) was measured. The RML in the group with positive staining of LAT1 was 1.2 +/- 0.3%, whereas the RML in the group with negative staining of LAT1 was 0.4 +/- 0.1%. A significant difference was noted between the two groups (P = .0004). We concluded that LAT1 plays an important role in tumor cell growth of liver metastatic tumors.
Recent Progress in Immunotherapy for Malignant Glioma: Treatment Strategies and Results from Clinical Trials (2004)

An effective treatment paradigm for malignant gliomas may eventually require a multifaceted approach combining two or more different immunotherapeutic strategies. Such scenarios may involve the use of local cytokine gene therapy to enhance glioma-cell immunogenicity in conjunction with dendritic cell-based active vaccination to stimulate systemic tumoricidal T-cell immunity. Given the heterogeneity of this disease process and the potential risk of immunoediting out a selected, treatment-refractory tumor cell population, the concurrent use of multiple modalities that target disparate tumor characteristics may be of greatest therapeutic relevance.
Gas Sensing Properties of Porous Silicon (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas Sensing Properties of Porous SiliconIsrael. Schechter, Moshe. Ben-Chorin, and Andreas. KuxCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 20, 3727–3732Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00116a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views805Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (667 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of nepafenac (Nevanac&reg;) in combination with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of recalcitrant exudative macular degeneration requiring monthly injections (2010)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of combining topical nepafenac with monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab in the treatment of recalcitrant exudative macular degeneration. Methods: This was a retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with exudative macular degeneration requiring maintenance therapy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections at least every 6 weeks, who were started on topical nepafenac. Despite frequent anti-VEGF dosing, all patients included in the study had persistence of any combination of the following: intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid, and/or pigment epithelial detachment. Patients underwent pinhole visual acuity, clinical exam, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and every follow-up visit. Response to therapy was graded by reviewing quantitative and qualitative OCT data, and statistical analysis was done with paired Student’s t -test. Results: Twenty-five patients (average age 77; 14 male and 11 female) were reviewed; the mean number of previous injections was 17.4 (range 3–31). Baseline mean visual acuity was 20/55, and final mean visual acuity after 3 months of treatment was 20/51 ( P = 0.13). Monthly mean central foveal thickness measurements were 248, 250, 257, and 247 µm ( P = 0.53) at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. By the end of the 3-month time point, qualitative OCT findings on 13 patients treated with nepafenac were classified as stable, 10 as better, and 2 as worse. Conclusions: There was no significant change in visual acuity or quantitative OCT measurements, but there appeared to be a mild trend toward improved anatomy and qualitative OCT findings when topical nepafenac was added to monthly anti-VEGF injections in patients with persistent intraretinal cysts, subretinal fluid, and/or pigment epithelial detachment. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up may be warranted. Keywords: anti-VEGF, combination therapy, exudative macular degeneration, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, optical coherence tomography
Excretion of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in renal disease. (1984)

Urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (TH) excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in 98 patients (55 men), aged 43.8 +/- 13.5 years, with renal disease. The radioimmunoassay was not affected by the urinary protein concentrations encountered. TH excretion (19 +/- 18 mg/24 h) was significantly lower than that in normals (39 +/- 13 mg/24 h; p less than 0.001) and was not related to age, sex or urine volume (1867 +/- 848 ml). TH excretion was not influenced directly by the degree of proteinuria (0.1-20.3 g/24 h), nor by variations in proteinuria with changes in disease activity or albumin infusions. There was a positive correlation between TH excretion and creatinine clearance less than 80 ml/min (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). Patients with polycystic kidney disease had a disproportionate reduction in TH excretion with reduction in creatinine clearance. A major factor for the lessened excretion of TH in renal disease is probably a reduction in the number of functional distal tubular cells.
Oxyntomodulin: a potential hormone from the distal gut. Pharmacokinetics and effects on gastric acid and insulin secretion in man (1988)

Abstract Synthetic oxyntomodulin, a predicted product of the glucagon gene, which is produced in the human lower intestinal mucosa, was infused in doses of 100 and 400 ng kg ‐1 h ‐1 into six volunteers to study its pharmacokinetics and effects on pentagastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion (100 ng kg ‐1 h ‐1 ). The concentration of oxyntomodulin in plasma measured with a cross‐reacting glucagon assay increased from 37 ± 5 to 106 ± 17 and 301 ± 40 pmol l ‐1 , respectively. The metabolic clearance rate was 5·2 ± 0·7 ml kg ‐1 min ‐1 and the half‐life in plasma was 12 ± 1 min. Oxyntomodulin reduced the pentagastrin‐stimulated acid secretion by 20 ± 9% during the low‐rate infusion ( P &lt; 0·05) and by 76 ± 10% during the high‐rate infusion ( P &lt; 0·05). In accordance with the homology with glucagon, there was a small, significant rise in plasma concentrations of insulin and insulin C‐peptide during oxyntomodulin infusion. Oxyntomodulin may therefore be included among the potential incretins and enterogastrones in man.
Selective degradation of E-cadherin and dissolution of E-cadherin-catenin complexes in epithelial ischemia (2000)

Ischemic epithelial cells are characterized by disruption of intercellular junctions and loss of apical-basolateral protein polarity, which are normally dependent on the integrity of the adherens junction (AJ). Biochemical analysis of both whole ischemic kidneys and ATP-depleted Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells demonstrated a striking loss of E-cadherin (the transmembrane protein of the AJ) with the appearance and accumulation of an approximately 80-kDa fragment reactive with anti-E-cadherin antibodies on Western blots of ATP-depleted MDCK cells. This apparent ischemia-induced degradation of E-cadherin was not blocked by either inhibitors of the major proteolytic pathways (i.e., proteasome, lysosome, or calpain), or by chelation of intracellular calcium, suggesting the involvement of a protease capable of functioning at low ATP and low calcium levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed the movement of several proteins normally comprising the AJ, including E-cadherin and beta-catenin, away from lateral portions of the plasma membrane to intracellular sites. Moreover, rate-zonal centrifugation and immunoprecipitation with anti-E-cadherin and anti-beta-catenin antibodies indicated that ATP depletion disrupted normal E-cadherin-catenin interactions, resulting in the dissociation of alpha- and gamma-catenin from E-cadherin and beta-catenin-containing complexes. Because the generation and maintenance of polarized epithelial cells are dependent upon E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and normal AJ function, we propose that the rapid degradation of E-cadherin and dissolution of the AJ is a key step in the development of the ischemic epithelial cell phenotype. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the reassembly of the AJ after ischemia/ATP depletion may require a novel bioassembly mechanism involving recombination of newly synthesized and sorted E-cadherin with preexisting pools of catenins that have (temporally) redistributed intracellularly.
Analysis of Partial Iris Recognition Using a 1-D Approach (2006)

Iris recognition has been shown to be very accurate for human identification. We investigate the performance of the use of a partial iris for recognition. A partial iris identification system based on a one-dimensional approach to iris identification is developed. Experiment results show that a more distinguishable and individually unique signal is found in the inner rings of the iris. The results also show that it is possible to use only a portion of the iris for human identification.
Immune-Checkpoint Protein VISTA Regulates Antitumor Immunity by Controlling Myeloid Cell–Mediated Inflammation and Immunosuppression (2019)

Immune-checkpoint protein V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) controls antitumor immunity and is a valuable target for cancer immunotherapy. This study identified a role of VISTA in regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in myeloid cells and controlling myeloid cell-mediated inflammation and immunosuppression. VISTA modulated the polyubiquitination and protein expression of TRAF6. Consequently, VISTA dampened TLR-mediated activation of MAPK/AP-1 and IKK/NF-κB signaling cascades. At cellular levels, VISTA regulated the effector functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Blocking VISTA augmented their ability to produce proinflammatory mediators and diminished their T cell-suppressive functions. These myeloid cell-dependent effects resulted in a stimulatory tumor microenvironment that promoted T-cell infiltration and activation. We conclude that VISTA is a critical myeloid cell-intrinsic immune-checkpoint protein and that the reprogramming of tolerogenic myeloid cells following VISTA blockade promotes the development of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
Measurement of intermodal coupling in weakly multimode fibre optics (1990)

Using selective mode excitation via the cladding of an etched step-index weakly multimode fibre, and spatial mode separation at the output using a similarly etched section, intermodal coupling has been measured, mode-by-mode in the first seven guided modes of the fibre. Experimentally the observation has been made that most coupling terms remain less than −20dB after 500 m of fibre.
A run-time reconfigurable plug-in for the Winamp MP3 player (2002)

The paper describes a plug-in for the Winamp MP3 player that uses a configurable computer to provide digital special effects for audio streams. The plug-in makes use of run-time reconfiguration, modification of FPGA configuration bitstreams at run time, and context switching. The plug-in effects processor provides filters for a graphic equalizer and an echo effect. These filters are context-switched during the runtime of an application to reduce the amount of hardware required. Further, the effects embodied in the filters are changed on-the-fly by modifying the configuration bitstreams at runtime using the JBits API. These techniques are described and results on the performance of the application are presented.