gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an automatic control algorithm for the electrohydraulic total artificial heart without transducers. (1992)

To achieve a reliable and simple implantable total artificial heart, the number of implanted transducers providing the physiologic information required for automatic control should be minimized. To address this need, a new automatic control algorithm, based on a transducerless electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system, is proposed. The current EHTAH physiologic control algorithm relies on two implanted pressure transducers. Without these transducers, the information required for automatic control must be extracted from the running motor's parameters. These parameters correlated with the differential pressure across the axial flow pump used to actuate the EHTAH. Changes in this differential were chosen as a cue for cardiac output control. This algorithm can be viewed as depending upon systemic vascular resistance determined by subtracting mean right atrial pressure (RAP) from mean aortic pressure (AoP) and dividing the result by total cardiac output (CO). The difference between mean AoP and mean RAP was confirmed to correlate with the differential hydraulic pressure across the energy converter during the left systolic phase. As an interim configuration, a single differential pressure transducer measuring the differential hydraulic pressure across the energy converter was tested on a Donovan mock circulation system. The resultant CO response shows good sensitivity according to changes in both preload and afterload.
Mechanisms of Motility in Metastasizing Cells (2010)

Cell migration and invasion are critical parameters in the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and the formation of metastasis, the major cause of death in cancer patients. Migratory cancer cells undergo dramatic molecular and cellular changes by remodeling their cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and their actin cytoskeleton, molecular processes that involve the activity of various signaling networks. Although in the past years, we have substantially expanded our knowledge on the cellular and molecular processes underlying cell migration and invasion in experimental systems, we still lack a clear understanding of how cancer cells disseminate in metastatic cancer patients. Different types of cancer cell migration seem to exist, including single-cell mesenchymal or amoeboid migration and collective cell migration. In most epithelial cancers, loss of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and gain of mesenchymal markers and promigratory signals underlie the conversion of epithelial, differentiated cells to mesenchymal, migratory, and invasive cells, a process referred to as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although solitary migrating epithelial cancer cells have mostly undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (mesenchymal migration), and sometimes even lose their cell-matrix adhesion (amoeboid migration), collective migration of cancer cells in cell sheets, clusters, or streams is also frequently observed. The molecular mechanisms defining the different modes of cancer cell migration remain in most parts to be delineated.
A new synthesis of highly functionalized oxazoles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new synthesis of highly functionalized oxazolesPeter Wipf and Chris P. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 14, 3604–3606Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00066a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00066a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5075Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Polarization-independent grating-type optical spectrum analyzer with fiber interface (1991)

Optical spectrum analyzers with an optical-fiber interface have been required since optical fibers have become common. Optical spectrum analyzers for a wide wavelength range can be provided by using diffraction gratings. However, diffraction gratings have strong polarization dependence; that is, the diffraction efficiencies for the s- and p-polarizations are different. Therefore, a spectrum analyzer to which a diffraction grating is simply applied will not measure a correct optical spectrum with adequate stability within the measuring time when it is used with a single-mode optical fiber, which cannot maintain the polarization of light.
Comparison of narrow-band UV-B phototherapy and PUVA photochemotherapy in the treatment of psoriasis. (1990)

The therapeutic effectiveness of a new fluorescent lamp, Philips TL-01, which emits a narrow peak around 311-312 nm, was compared with the currently used PUVA photochemotherapy consisting of oral 8-MOP followed 2 h later by UV-A from fluorescent lamps Philips TL-09. Comparisons of therapeutic efficacy were performed in 10 patients with widespread, symmetrically distributed psoriasis lesions. They received treatment with PUVA on one half of the body and with TL-01 light on the other half; both treatments were given twice a week. It is concluded that on the average phototherapy with narrow-band UV-B is an effective as PUVA; it is certainly more convenient and probably less carcinogenic.
Mucosal and systemic candidiasis in congenitally immunodeficient mice (1990)

Colony counts and light microscopy were used to assess the capacity of Candida albicans to colonize, infect the alimentary tract, and cause disseminated disease in athymic (nu/nu), euthymic (nu/+), beige (bg/bg), black (bg/+), beige athymic (bg/bg nu/nu), or beige euthymic (bg/bg nu/+) germfree mice. The alimentary tracts of all six genotypes of germfree mice were quickly colonized after exposure to yeast-phase C. albicans. Only bg/bg nu/nu mice showed obvious morbidity and mortality after mucosal colonization with C. albicans. Histopathology of C. albicans-colonized immunocompetent (nu/+, bg/+) and singly immunodeficient (nu/nu, bg/bg, bg/bg nu/+) mice showed minimal to moderate mucosal infections, whereas doubly immunodeficient (bg/bg nu/nu) mice showed extensive yeast and hyphal infection of the palate, tongue, esophagus, and stomach. A progressive systemic infection in C. albicans-colonized mice occurred only in bg/bg nu/nu mice 12 to 16 weeks after colonization and mucosal infection. Thus, it appears that a combination of defective cell-mediated immunity and phagocytic cell defects (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and/or macrophages) predisposed mice to severe mucosal and systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin. This is the first report of a mouse strain that is not only naturally susceptible to mucosal and systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin but also shows lethality at early (1 to 4 weeks) and late (12 to 16 weeks) times after alimentary tract colonization.
Sticky tools (2009)

Tabletop computing techniques are using physically familiar force-based interactions to enable compelling interfaces that provide a feeling of being embodied with a virtual object. We introduce an interaction paradigm that has the benefits of force-based interaction complete with full 6DOF manipulation. Only multi-touch input, such as that provided by the Microsoft Surface and the SMART Table, is necessary to achieve this interaction freedom. This paradigm is realized through sticky tools: a combination of sticky fingers, a physically familiar technique for moving, spinning, and lifting virtual objects; opposable thumbs, a method for flipping objects over; and virtual tools, a method for propagating behaviour to other virtual objects in the scene. We show how sticky tools can introduce richer meaning to tabletop computing by drawing a parallel between sticky tools and the discussion in Urp [20] around the meaning of tangible devices in terms of nouns, verbs, reconfigurable tools, attributes, and pure objects. We then relate this discussion to other force-based interaction techniques by describing how a designer can introduce complexity in how people can control both physical and virtual objects, how physical objects can control both physical and virtual objects, and how virtual objects can control virtual objects.
Abnormal mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity and autism-like behaviours in Gprasp2 mutant mice (2019)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by dysfunction in social interactions, stereotypical behaviours and high co-morbidity with intellectual disability. A variety of syndromic and non-syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders have been connected to alterations in metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) signalling. These receptors contribute to synaptic plasticity, spine maturation and circuit development. Here, we investigate the physiological role of Gprasp2, a gene linked to neurodevelopmental disabilities and involved in the postendocytic sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors. We show that Gprasp2 deletion leads to ASD-like behaviour in mice and alterations in synaptic communication. Manipulating the levels of Gprasp2 bidirectionally modulates the surface availability of mGluR<sub>5</sub> and produces alterations in dendritic complexity, spine density and synaptic maturation. Loss of Gprasp2 leads to enhanced hippocampal long-term depression, consistent with facilitated mGluR-dependent activation. These findings demonstrate a role for Gprasp2 in glutamatergic synapses and suggest a possible mechanism by which this gene is linked to neurodevelopmental diseases.
Magnetic Induction-Based Localization in Randomly Deployed Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (2017)

Wireless underground sensor networks enable many applications, such as mine and tunnel disaster prevention, oil upstream monitoring, earthquake prediction and landslide detection, and intelligent farming and irrigation among many others. Most applications are location-dependent, so they require precise sensor positions. However, classical localization solutions based on the propagation properties of electromagnetic waves do not function well in underground environments. This paper proposes a magnetic induction (MI)-based localization that accurately and efficiently locates randomly deployed sensors in underground environments by leveraging the multipath fading free nature of MI signals. Specifically, the MI-based localization framework is first proposed based on underground MI channel modeling with additive white Gaussian noise, the designated error function, and semidefinite programming relaxation. Next, this paper proposes a two-step positioning mechanism for obtaining fast and accurate localization results by: first, developing the fast-initial positioning through an alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method for rough sensor locations within a short processing time, and then proposing fine-grained positioning for performing powerful search for optimal location estimations via the conjugate gradient algorithm. Simulations confirm that our solution yields accurate sensor locations with both low and high noise and reveals the fundamental impact of underground environments on the localization performance.
Attenuation coefficient and sound speed in human myometrium and uterine fibroid tumors. (2001)

The results of this study represent our first reported values of the attenuation coefficient and sound speed in fibroid tumors and myometrium before and after high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment.
Direct Visualization of Antigen-specific CD8+T Cells during the Primary Immune Response to Epstein-Barr Virus In Vivo (1998)

Primary infection with virus can stimulate a vigorous cytotoxic T cell response. The magnitude of the antigen-specific component versus the bystander component of a primary T cell response remains controversial. In this study, we have used tetrameric major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes to directly visualize antigen-specific cluster of differentration (CD)8+ T cells during the primary immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans. We show that massive expansion of activated, antigen-specific T cells occurs during the primary response to this virus. In one individual, T cells specific for a single EBV epitope comprised 44% of the total CD8+ T cells within peripheral blood. The majority of the antigen-specific cells had an activated/memory phenotype, with expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR, CD38, and CD45RO, downregulation of CD62 leukocyte (CD62L), and low levels of expression of CD45RA. After recovery from AIM, the frequency of antigen-specific T cells fell in most donors studied, although populations of antigen-specific cells continued to be easily detectable for at least 3 yr.
Reconstruction of cytosolic fumaric acid biosynthetic pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

The results presented here provide a novel strategy for fumarate biosynthesis, which represents an important advancement in producing high yields of fumarate in a sustainable and ecologically-friendly manner.
Graphical programming of time-deterministic real-time systems (2002)

In this paper we present the Picasso programming language and the underlying design philosophy. Our goal is to provide programmers working with distributed embedded real-time systems with a tool to manage the complexity of this class of systems. The proposed tool allows easy and safe changes of the system software and hardware at any time during the lifetime of the system. This means that even during operation the system can be changed safely. This is not only important for enhancing the design process but is also necessary for a class of systems that need to be in service at all times. We have chosen to call this approach Change-Orientation. The most characteristic properties of the language are that it is graphical and that it shows time explicitly. All processing is described as functional transformations. These transformations are called processes. A very direct way of implementing a process is possible because the semantics of the description maps directly on the computation model of the processor.
A Mitochondrial Switch Promotes Tumor Metastasis (2014)

Metastatic progression of cancer is associated with poor outcome, and here we examine metabolic changes underlying this process. Although aerobic glycolysis is known to promote metastasis, we have now identified a different switch primarily affecting mitochondria. The switch involves overload of the electron transport chain (ETC) with preserved mitochondrial functions but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. It provides a metastatic advantage phenocopied by partial ETC inhibition, another situation associated with enhanced superoxide production. Both cases involved protein tyrosine kinases Src and Pyk2 as downstream effectors. Thus, two different events, ETC overload and partial ETC inhibition, promote superoxide-dependent tumor cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and metastasis. Consequently, specific scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide with mitoTEMPO blocked tumor cell migration and prevented spontaneous tumor metastasis in murine and human tumor models.
A novel fractal block-coding technique for digital images (2002)

An approach to digital image coding, rooted in iterated transformation theory (ITT) and referred to as ITT-based coding, is proposed. It is a fractal block-coding method which relies on the assumption that image redundancy can be efficiently exploited through block self-transformability. The coding-decoding system is based on the construction, for any given original image to encode, of an image transformation of a special kind which (when iterated on any initial image) produces a sequence of images that converges to a fractal approximation of the original. The requirements on the transformation are that (i) it is contractive in the metric space of images endowed with the L/sub 2/ metric, (ii) it leaves the original image approximately invariant, and (iii) its complexity is smaller than that of the original image. The fully automated ITT-based system has comparable performance, in terms of signal-to-noise-ratio and bit rate, to state-or-the-art vector quantizers, with which it shares some features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Michal the Giver and Michal the Taker: The Systematic Misogyny of the Davidic Court (2021)

Abstract This article examines the misogyny of the Davidic court through the lens of philosopher Kate Manne’s recent study Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny , which illustrates how the individual deeds or words perceived as misogynistic fit into a well-ordered system. In particular, it analyzes how Michal is treated differently by Saul and David in 1 Samuel 19 and 2 Samuel 6 compared to other male characters, such as Jonathan. Within a patriarchal society, misogyny is the policing arm which differentiates between good women and bad women, or those who conform to the gendered norms and expectations of the patriarchy and those who do not. When a woman, like Michal, fails to uphold her role supporting the elite men in her life, the men must swiftly respond not only to ameliorate her threatening position, but also to warn other women, both inside and outside the text, against similar behavior.
Metabolic homoeostasis of l-threonine in the normally-fed rat. Importance of liver threonine dehydrogenase activity (1983)

Threonine dehydratase, threonine aldolase and threonine dehydrogenase activities were assayed in livers of rats that had been normally-fed, starved for 72 h, fed a high-protein diet or normally-fed and injected with glucagon or cortisone. A modified continuous spectrophotometric assay for threonine aldolase overcame interference resulting from threonine dehydratase activity and revealed that threonine aldolase activity was very low in rat liver, irrespective of the metabolic state of the animal. The concentration of free threonine was determined in livers of animals subjected to the same treatments as described above. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics to estimate enzyme activities in vivo at intracellular threonine concentrations it was calculated that in the normally-fed state, 87% of the threonine degraded was catabolized by threonine dehydrogenase. In other metabolic states (except in glucagon-treated animals) threonine dehydratase was the major enzyme catalysing threonine catabolism. It was concluded that threonine dehydrogenase activity plays a hitherto unrecognized role in the metabolic homoeostasis of threonine in the normally-fed rat and that this enzyme activity, in association with 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate CoA-ligase, accounts for the known rate of glycine formation from threonine in the rat.
Practical Aspects of Litter Testing (1952)

I am very glad to have this opportunity of discussing litter testing, although I imagine tliat most of you are familiar with the work which we are carrying on at Stoke Mandeville. To recapitulate the set-up as briefly as possible, we receive half-litters of three hogs and one gilt (from litters of not less than eight weaned), aged 65-70 days so that the first test weighing can be carried out at exactly ten weeks of age. Environmental conditions have been arranged so that each team of pigs receives as near standard treatment as possible. Each lot has its own 8 foot x 7 foot wooden pig hut facing south, with a 9 foot x 8 foot enclosed concrete run. The pigs are kept bedded down on a good depth of long straw litter and a Fordham automatic drinking bowl (fitted with a soft spring) is available to each house. Feeding is simplified by means of three-compartment Seaford self-feeders which are kept fully supplied with dry Sow &amp; Weaner Meal (No. 1) until the pigs reach 110-120 lbs. liveweight (17 weeks).
Itraconazole in the Treatment of Superficial Mycoses: An Open Trial of 40 Cases (1987)

Forty patients with superficial mycoses were treated with itraconazole, a new triazole derivative, in an open study. In 29 cases the diagnosis was dermatophytosis; in five, candidosis; and in six, pityriasis versicolor. Each patient received 50 mg of itraconazole orally once a day for 30-60 days. Thirty-three patients completed therapy; at the end of therapy, 21.2% were considered clinically cured and 57.6% were considered mycologically cured. Results of direct microscopic examination were negative at 30 days for the patients with pityriasis versicolor; none of the patients with candidosis responded to therapy. Pruritus and other symptoms or signs of infection improved after the 15th day, but even after 60 days of therapy, nine of the 10 patients who finished the trial at that time had residual lesions. The drug was well tolerated. It appears that a dosage of 50 mg of itraconazole daily is not adequate for the treatment of these mycoses.
The disc angiogenesis system. (1988)

A new system for the study of angiogenesis in vivo has been devised. It consists of a small disc of polyvinyl alcohol foam, covered on both flat sides by Millipore filters, leaving only the edge as the area for cell penetration into the disc. Angiogenic agonists or antagonists, as well as other substances to be studied, are placed in the center of the disc. The slow release of these substances is maintained by a film of ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymer, or by the use of agarose. The disc is implanted subcutaneously in the host animal through a distant skin incision. In mice, the optimal times for examination of the discs are 7 to 12 days after implantation for discs containing angiogenic stimulants and 12 to 20 days for those without stimulants. After a period of growth is completed, the disc is removed, fixed, and embedded in paraffin or methacrylate. Medial plane sections, stained by a variety of methods, are used to observe and measure the growth of vessels and stroma into the disc. Whether stimulated or not, this growth is centripetal and can be easily quantitated by simple morphometric technics. This system has already been used in mice, to study the proliferation of vessels and fibroblasts into discs devoid of, or containing angiogenic stimulants (epidermal growth factor, acidic fibroblastic growth factor). We have also utilized the discs to demonstrate the inhibition of vessel growth by hyperthermia. Examples of these applications are presented. The disc angiogenesis system is easy to prepare, inexpensive, and well tolerated, at least by mice. Its simplicity and reproducibility make it suitable for a wide range of applications beyond those described here.
An Effect-Size Analysis of the Relative Efficacy and Tolerability of Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors for Panic Disorder (2001)

An effect-size analysis of controlled studies of treatments for panic disorder revealed no significant differences between SSRIs and older antidepressants in terms of efficacy or tolerability in short-term trials. An inverse relationship was evident between sample size and effect size for SSRIs. Early studies of small samples may have led to initial overestimations of the efficacy of SSRIs for panic disorder.