gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Securing Power Systems (2015)

Contents 1.1 Power System Overview ..................................................................................................... 21.1.1 The Power System as Critical Infrastructure ........................................................... 3 1.1.2 Generation .............................................................................................................. 4 1.1.3 Transmission ........................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Distribution ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1.5 Load ....................................................................................................................... 61.2 New Capabilities and Challenges for Modern Control Systems ......................................... 6 1.2.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 Performance ............................................................................................................ 8 1.2.3 Culture ................................................................................................................... 8 1.2.4 Cyber-Physical Coupling ........................................................................................ 8 1.2.5 Distributed Systems ................................................................................................ 8 1.2.6 Design Lifetime ...................................................................................................... 8 1.2.7 Regulation and Standards ....................................................................................... 9 1.2.8 Risk Management ................................................................................................... 91.3 IEC 61850 Standard ........................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 9 1.3.2 Overview of the Standard ......................................................................................11 1.3.3 Example IEC 61850 Functionality ........................................................................ 12 1.3.4 Challenges and Vulnerabilities ...............................................................................13
Charge pumping effects in partially depleted SOI MOSFETs (2003)

In this paper we describe the impact of the charge pumping effect on the on the partially depleted SOI MOSFET. We also compare the CP with other physical effects such as impact ionization and the valence band electron tunneling.
Gamma secretase inhibitors of Notch signaling (2013)

The numerous processes involved in the etiology of breast cancer such as cell survival, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis are currently being elucidated. However, underlying mechanisms that drive breast cancer progression and drug resistance are still poorly understood. As we discuss here in detail, the Notch signaling pathway is an important regulatory component of normal breast development, cell fate of normal breast stem cells, and proliferation and survival of breast cancer initiating cells. Notch exerts a wide range of critical effects through a canonical pathway where it is expressed as a type I membrane precursor heterodimer followed by at least two subsequent cleavages induced by ligand engagement to ultimately release an intracellular form to function as a transcriptional activator. Notch and its ligands are overexpressed in breast cancer, and one method of effectively blocking Notch activity is preventing its cleavage at the cell surface with γ-secretase inhibitors. In the context of Notch signaling, the application of clinically relevant anti-Notch drugs in treatment regimens may contribute to novel therapeutic interventions and promote more effective clinical response in women with breast cancer.
Mutational Analysis of the Pullulanase-Type Debranching Enzyme of Maize Indicates Multiple Functions in Starch Metabolism (2003)

Plants contain two types of alpha(1-->6) glucan hydrolase (starch-debranching enzyme [DBE]). Mutations that affect the pullulanase-type DBE have not been described, although defects in isoamylase-type DBE, known in many plant species, indicate a function in starch biosynthesis. We describe a null mutation of a pullulanase-type DBE gene, a Mutator insertion in maize Zpu1. Plants homozygous for the zpu1-204 mutation are impaired in transient and storage starch degradation. Thus, hydrolytic activity of pullulanase-type DBE contributes to starch catabolism. Developing zpu1-204 endosperm accumulates branched maltooligosaccharides not found in the wild type and is deficient in linear maltooligosaccharides, indicating that the pullulanase-type DBE functions in glucan hydrolysis during kernel starch formation. Furthermore, in a background deficient in isoamylase-type DBE, zpu1-204 conditions a significant accumulation of phytoglycogen in the kernel that is not seen in the wild type. Therefore, pullulanase-type DBE partially compensates for the defect in isoamylase-type DBE, suggesting a function during starch synthesis as well as degradation.
Sequence-specific proton NMR assignments and secondary structure of the streptococcal protein G B2-domain (1992)

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy has been used to obtain sequence-specific 1H NMR assignments for the IgG-binding B2-domain of streptococcal protein G. Secondary structure elements were identified from analysis of characteristic backbone-backbone NOE patterns and amide proton exchange data. The B2-domain contains a four-stranded beta-sheet region in which the two inner strands form a parallel beta-sheet with each other and antiparallel beta-sheets with the outer strands. The outer strands are connected via a 16-residue alpha-helix and short loops on both ends of the helix. The alpha-helix and beta-sheet structures contain well-defined polar and apolar sides, and numerous long-range NOEs from the apolar helix to apolar sheet regions were used to derive a model for the global fold of the B2-domain. While the overall fold is similar to that obtained for B1-type domains, differences in amide proton exchange rates and hydrophobic packing are observed.
Micro-optics for high-efficiency optical performance and simplified tracking for concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) (2010)

Micro-optical 5mm lenses in 50mm sub-arrays illuminate arrays of photovoltaic cells with 49X concentration. Fine tracking over &plusmn;10&deg; FOV in sub-array allows coarse tracking by meter-sized solar panels. Plastic prototype demonstrated for 400nm&lt;&lambda;&lt;1600nm.
Anchoring antibodies to membranes using a diphtheria toxin T domain‐ZZ fusion protein as a pH sensitive membrane anchor (1998)

We have constructed a fusion protein, T-ZZ, in which the IgG-Fc binding protein ZZ was fused to the C-terminus of the diphtheria toxin transmembrane domain (T domain). While soluble at neutral pH, T-ZZ retained the capacity of the T domain to bind to phospholipid membranes at acidic pH. Once anchored to the membrane, the ZZ part of the protein was capable of binding mouse monoclonal or rabbit polyclonal IgG. Our results show that the T-ZZ protein can function as a pH sensitive membrane anchor for the linkage of IgG to the membrane of lipid vesicles, adherent and non-adherent cells.
In vitro transcription and translation inhibition by anti-promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor alpha and anti-PML peptide nucleic acid (1996)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) complementary to the 15 bases around the fusion point of both genomic DNA and cDNA of the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/ RAR alpha; P/R) hybrid gene present in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells were synthesized and shown by gel retardation experiments to specifically bind oligonucleotides corresponding to the fusion region of the P/R molecule. PNA was also able to successfully compete with anti-P/R DNA for duplex formation with P/R DNA and to displace the anti-P/R DNA from dsDNA. In vitro transcribed P/R RNA from two inserts of approximately 350 to approximately 700 bp were tested in gel acceleration experiments with fluorescein-conjugated PNA and showed stable binding (resistant to denaturing conditions) of PNA to the newly transcribed RNA. Control RNA or transcripts from the noncoding strand did not bind PNA. However, this PNA, although able to specifically clamp polymerase chain reaction, was incapable of inhibiting in vitro translation of the PML/RAR alpha mRNA, even when a bis-PNA was used. Therefore, a PNA was targeted against the start region of the P/R cDNA and against poly-purine regions of the gene. Specific inhibition of in vitro translation and transcription was shown, starting at concentrations as low as 100 nmol/L. When oligonucleotides presenting the same sequence were compared, PNA proved to be approximately 40 times more active. In conclusion, in vitro inhibition of translation and transcription of the P/R gene can be obtained with PNA; however, it is still necessary to target the ATG start region or poly-purine regions of the gene.
Lepidopteran Sex Determination: A Cascade of Surprises (2014)

Sex determination is a developmental pathway that fixes the sexual fate (male or female) of an individual at early stages of embryonic development. This pathway is ideally suited for evolutionary studies given the astoundingly diverse mechanisms found in the animal kingdom. In particular, insects use multiple different cues to specify the sexual fate of an individual. In this review, we focus on genes and genetic interactions involved in the sex determination of insect species belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Unique features of the lepidopteran sex determination system are discussed.
Solubility of Alkylporphyrins (2000)

The solubility in benzene and ethanol of 2,8,12,18-tetramethyl-3,7,13,17-tetrabuthylporphyrin with various substituents in the5,15-positions of the molecule is investigated. A comparative analysis of the influence of alkyl substituents on porphyrin solubility is carried out.
A Study of Adenosine Treatment in Experimental Acute Spinal Cord Injury (1999)

After acute spinal cord trauma, intravenous adenosine infusion of 100 micrograms/kg per minute could attenuate progression to secondary injury, but adenosine alone was not effective yet.
CURRENT STATUS OF ALLOGRAFTING FOR BONE TUMORS (1992)

Over the past 20 years the Orthopaedic Oncology Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital has performed over 660 massive cadaveric allograft transplantations, mostly for patients with bone tumors. The overall success rate for such procedures is around 80%, with most of the failures occurring in the first 3 years as a result of fracture (19%), nonunion (14%), and infection (10%). With longer follow up, late occurring osteoarthritis has been noted in approximately 17% of those patients at risk, suggesting that the articular surface begins to "wear" at 5 years. Some problems remain with the procedure, and more study of such aspects as the immune mechanism, cryopreservation of cartilage, maintaining the status and safety of the bone banking system, and improving the techniques of surgery ultimately may lead to a more uniform and predictable success rate.
Towards a universal directory service (1985)

Article Towards a universal directory service Share on Authors: Keith A. Lantz Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Judy L. Edighoffer Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Bruce L. Hitson Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '85: Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computingAugust 1985 Pages 250–260https://doi.org/10.1145/323596.323619Online:01 August 1985Publication History 19citation220DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads220Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Evaluation of in vitro activity of ciclopirox olamine, butenafine HCl and econazole nitrate against dermatophytes, yeasts and bacteria (2003)

The data suggest that ciclopirox olamine has the broadest in vitro activity, in comparison to econazole and butenafine HCl, against bacteria, yeasts and bacteria. These findings may have implications in the use of these antimycotics in the treatment of mixed cutaneous infections where bacteria or yeasts are present in addition to dermatophytes.
Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (1996)

Prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy is performed as a routine procedure in many laboratories around the world, using numerous molecular genetic techniques. Rather than discussing methods that are commonly in use, this review concentrates on some of the methods that are less widely available. This includes techniques than can be applied to routine diagnosis, to difficult cases where DNA analysis is unhelpful, and alternatives to standard methods of prenatal diagnosis.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (1994)

Even with the availability of highly effective drugs that can prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), this infection continues to be the greatest single defining illness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite significant progress over the last decade in our knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of this infection, the fact that so much of the basic biology and epidemiology of P. carinii remains unknown continues to be a source of frustration to scientists working with this parasite. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, edited by Peter D. Walzer, M.D., Chief of the Infectious Diseases Section of the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, documents both the recent progress in our knowledge as well as the continued frustration (based principally on our inability to culture the organism) that this new knowledge has come so haltingly and at such high cost.The volume contains 31 chapters written by leading authorities on PCP.It is divided into six parts: basic biology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment and prevention.
Inhibitors of histone deacetylase relieve ETO-mediated repression and induce differentiation of AML1-ETO leukemia cells. (1999)

The (8;21) translocation, found in 12% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), creates the chimeric fusion product, AML1-ETO. Previously, we demonstrated that the ETO moiety recruits a transcription repression complex that includes the histone deacetylase (HDAC1) enzyme. Here, we used inhibitors of HDAC1 to study the pathophysiology of AML1-ETO. Both the potent inhibitor, trichostatin (TSA), and the well-known but less specific inhibitor, phenylbutyrate (PB), could partially reverse ETO-mediated transcriptional repression. PB was also able to induce partial differentiation of the AML1-ETO cell line, Kasumi-1. With the intention of developing a clinically useful protocol, we combined PB with a number of other agents that induced differentiation and apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells. In summary, transcriptional repression mediated by AML1-ETO appears to play a mechanistic role in the t(8;21) AML, and relief of repression using agents such as PB (alone or in combination) may prove to be therapeutically useful.
C-reactive protein induces human peripheral blood monocytes to synthesize tissue factor (1993)

The acute inflammatory response is frequently accompanied by serious thrombotic events. We show that C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant that markedly increases its serum concentration in response to inflammatory stimuli, induced monocytes to express tissue factor (TF), a potent procoagulant. Purified human CRP in concentrations commonly achieved in vivo during inflammation (10 to 100 micrograms/mL) induced a 75-fold increase in TF procoagulant activity (PCA) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM), with a parallel increase in TF antigen levels. CRP-induced PCA was completely blocked by a monoclonal antibody against human TF but not by irrelevant murine IgG. Dot blot analysis showed a significant increase of TF mRNA after 4 hours of incubation with CRP, followed by a peak of PCA within 6 and 8 hours. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked CRP-stimulated PCA, suggesting that de novo TF protein synthesis was required. Endotoxin (LPS) contamination of CRP was excluded as the mediator of TF synthesis because: (1) CRP was Limulus assay negative; (2) induction of TF PCA by CRP was not blocked by Polymyxin B, in contrast to LPS-induced PCA; (3) antihuman CRP IgG inhibited CRP-induced PCA, but not LPS-induced PCA; (4) CRP was able to stimulate TF production in LPS-pretreated PBM refractory to additional LPS stimulation; and, (5) unlike LPS, CRP was incapable of inducing TF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We suggest that CRP-mediated TF production in monocytes may contribute to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis in inflammatory states.
Pairwise optimization of modulation constellations for non-uniform sources (2009)

The design of two-dimensional signal constellations for the transmission of binary non-uniform memoryless sources over additive white Gaussian noise channels is investigated. The main application of this problem is the implementation of improved constellations where transmitted data is highly non-uniform. A simple algorithm, which optimizes a constellation by re-arranging its points in a pairwise fashion (i.e., two points are modified at a time, with all other points remaining fixed), is presented. In general, the optimized constellations depend on both the source statistics and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the channel. We show that constellations designed with source statistics considered can yield symbol error rate (SER) performance that is substantially better than rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation signal sets used with either Gray mapping or more recently developed maps. SER gains as high as 5 dB in E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> SNR are obtained for highly non-uniform sources. Symbol mappings are also developed for the new constellations using a similar pairwise optimization method whereby we assign and compare a weighted score for each pair. These maps, when compared to the mappings used in conjunction with the standard rectangular QAM constellation, again achieve considerable performance gains in terms of bit error rate (BER). Gains as high as 4 dB were achieved over rectangular QAM with Gray mapping, or more than 1 dB better than previously improved mappings. Finally, the uncoded pairwise optimized system is compared to a standard tandem (separate) source and channel coding system. Although neither system is universally better, the uncoded system with optimized constellations outperforms the tandem coding system for low-to-mid SNRs. Performance/complexity trade-off s between the two systems are also discussed.
<title>Ultrashort-pulse lasers: a new tool for biomedical applications</title> (1998)

The past decade has brought about significant advances in Ultrashort pulse lasers technology. The development of broad—band solid state gain media opened up new possibilities for ultrashort pulse generation. In particular, the development of all—solid--state ultrashort pulse devices promise to make such devices rugged and reduce their cost.
Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Restricts the Growth of Human Breast Cancer in the Bone of Nude Mice (2005)

Activated PDGFRs are expressed by endothelial and tumor cells in breast cancer tumors growing in the bone of nude mice. Interfering with PDGFR signaling may be an approach to control the progressive growth of breast cancer cells and thus reduce bone lysis.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(N‐AROYLAMINO) BENZIMIDAZOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTHELMINTICS AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (1980)

Abstract Die Aminobenzimidazole (I) werden mit den Benzoylchloriden (II) zu den Amiden (IIIa)‐(IIIi) umgesetzt.
LFA-1 membrane molecule in the regulation of homotypic adhesions of human B lymphocytes. (1985)

We report here that MAb to human LFA-1 inhibit spontaneous homotypic adhesions of human B lymphocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a MAb that inhibits human homotypic intercellular adhesions for any cell type. LFA-1 has previously been recognized as a molecule capable of regulating specific immunologic adhesions between T lymphocytes and antigen-bearing target cells. The present findings show that the role of LFA-1 is not limited to adhesions initiated by specific immunologic recognition. The results indicate that the LFA-1 molecule is capable of regulating lymphocyte adhesions, possibly because it is a direct participant in adhesion formation.
Ultrahigh-resolution high-speed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (2004)

We present the first ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural intensity images and movies of the human retina in vivo at 29.3 frames per second with 500 A-lines per frame. Data was acquired at a continuous rate of 29,300 spectra per second with a 98% duty cycle. Two consecutive spectra were coherently summed to improve sensitivity, resulting in an effective rate of 14,600 A-lines per second at an effective integration time of 68 micros. The turn-key source was a combination of two super luminescent diodes with a combined spectral width of more than 150 nm providing 4.5 mW of power. The spectrometer of the spectraldomain OCT (SD-OCT) setup was centered around 885 nm with a bandwidth of 145 nm. The effective bandwidth in the eye was limited to approximately 100 nm due to increased absorption of wavelengths above 920 nm in the vitreous. Comparing the performance of our ultrahighresolution SD-OCT system with a conventional high-resolution time domain OCT system, the A-line rate of the spectral-domain OCT system was 59 times higher at a 5.4 dB lower sensitivity. With use of a software based dispersion compensation scheme, coherence length broadening due to dispersion mismatch between sample and reference arms was minimized. The coherence length measured from a mirror in air was equal to 4.0 microm (n= 1). The coherence length determined from the specular reflection of the foveal umbo in vivo in a healthy human eye was equal to 3.5 microm (n = 1.38). With this new system, two layers at the location of the retinal pigmented epithelium seem to be present, as well as small features in the inner and outer plexiform layers, which are believed to be small blood vessels. ?2004 Optical Society of America.