gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myocyte proliferation in end-stage cardiac failure in humans (1998)

Introduced several decades ago, the dogma persists that cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated cells and that division of muscle cells is impossible in the adult heart. More recently, nuclear mitotic divisions in myocytes occasionally were seen, but those observations were challenged on the assumption that the rate of cell proliferation was inconsequential for actual tissue regeneration. Moreover, mitoses were never detected in normal myocardium. However, the analysis of routine histologic preparations constituted the basis for the belief that myocytes were unable to reenter the cell cycle and divide, ignoring the limitations of these techniques. We report here by confocal microscopy that 14 myocytes per million were in mitosis in control human hearts. A nearly 10-fold increase in this parameter was measured in end-stage ischemic heart disease (152 myocytes per million) and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (131 myocytes per million). Because the left ventricle contains 5.8 x 10(9) myocytes, these mitotic indices imply that 81.2 x 10(3), 882 x 10(3), and 760 x 10(3) myocytes were in mitosis in the entire ventricular myocardium of control hearts and hearts affected by ischemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, respectively. Additionally, mitosis lasts less than 1 hr, suggesting that large numbers of myocytes can be formed in the nonpathologic and pathologic heart with time. Evidence of cytokinesis in myocytes was obtained, providing unequivocal proof of myocyte proliferation.
Semitransparent Polymer-Based Solar Cells with Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Electrodes (2014)

With the use of two transparent electrodes, organic polymer-fullerene solar cells are semitransparent and may be combined to parallel-connected multijunction devices or used for innovative applications like power-generating windows. A challenging issue is the optimization of the electrodes, to combine high transparency with adequate electric properties. In the present work, we study the potential of sputter-deposited aluminum-doped zinc oxide as an alternative to the widely used but relatively expensive indium tin oxide (ITO) as cathode material in semitransparent polymer-fullerene solar cells. Concerning the anode, we utilized an insulator-metal-insulator structure based on ultrathin Au films embedded between two evaporated MoO3 layers, with the outer MoO3 film (capping layer) serving as a light coupling layer. The performance of the ITO-free semitransparent polymer-fullerene solar cells was systematically studied as dependent on the thickness of the capping layer and the active layer as well as the illumination direction. These variations were found to have strong impact on the obtained photocurrent densities. We performed optical simulations of the electric field distribution within the devices using the transfer-matrix method, to analyze the origin of the current density variations in detail and provide deep insight into the device physics. With the conventional absorber materials studied here, optimized ITO-free and semitransparent devices reached 2.0% power conversion efficiency and a maximum optical transmission of 60%, with the device concept being potentially transferable to other absorber materials.
Dynamic Local Peer Group Organizations for Vehicle Communications (2006)

This paper addresses the design of dynamic local peer group (LPG) organizations and protocols for ad hoc peer-to-peer networking among neighboring vehicles to support vehicle communications. We first outline the dynamic LPG framework to organize vehicles that have frequently-changing neighbors and have no inherent relationships with one another. We then describe two dynamic LPG organization schemes and protocols to form and maintain the dynamic LPG of vehicles
Decreasing calreticulin expression lowers the Ca2+ response to bradykinin and increases sensitivity to ionomycin in NG-108-15 cells. (1994)

It has been suggested that the multifunctional protein, calreticulin, is a major calcium sequestering protein in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-containing endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment. In neuroblastoma X glioma NG-108-15 cells, bradykinin can effectively stimulate the release of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and cause a cytosolic calcium transient. To explore the function of calreticulin as an intracellular calcium sequestering protein, we investigated calcium dynamics in NG-108-15 cells after treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide against calreticulin, CrtAS1. Cells treated with either CrtAS1 or the corresponding sense oligonucleotide CrtPS1 were examined for their calreticulin content by Western blotting, the amplitude of their calcium transient in response to bradykinin, and their sensitivity toward the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. Treatment with CrtAS1 decreased the amount of calreticulin in comparison to CrtPS1-treated and untreated control cells. At the same time, CrtAS1-treated cells had a significantly reduced calcium response to bradykinin and were more sensitive to ionomycin-induced cell death. These data show that the level of calreticulin expression is directly related to the calcium storage capacity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium pool and indicate a direct relationship between the level of calreticulin and the protection against cytotoxic calcium overload.
Thimerosal induces neuronal cell apoptosis by causing cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor release from mitochondria (2005)

There is a worldwide increasing concern over the neurological risks of thimerosal (ethylmercury thiosalicylate) which is an organic mercury compound that is commonly used as an antimicrobial preservative. In this study, we show that thimerosal, at nanomolar concentrations, induces neuronal cell death through the mitochondrial pathway. Thimerosal, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, decreased cell viability as assessed by calcein-ethidium staining and caused apoptosis detected by Hoechst 33258 dye. Thimerosal-induced apoptosis was associated with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species, and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to cytosol. Although thimerosal did not affect cellular expression of Bax at the protein level, we observed translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria. Finally, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated in the absence of caspase-8 activation. Our data suggest that thimerosal causes apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by changing the mitochondrial microenvironment.
Mechanisms of IL-8-induced Ca2+ signaling in human neutrophil granulocytes (1999)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays an important role in the activation of neutrophil granulocytes. Although intracellular Ca2+ signals are essential in this process, they have not been studied in great detail so far. Here, we have measured IL-8-induced Ca2+ signals in single human neutrophil granulocytes using the Ca2+ indicator dye FURA-2 AM and we have investigated the signal transduction that leads to these Ca2+ signals with various pharmacological tools. Our results indicate that IL-8-induced Ca2+ signals consist of at least two components. An initial fast component was followed by a smaller and more persistent one. The initial Ca2+ signal was independent of extracellular Ca2+. It required the activation of phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein and was due to activation of IP3 receptor-coupled Ca2+ release channels. The late phase of the Ca2+ signal was suppressed when extracellular Ca2+ was removed suggesting that it was generated by Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. This Ca2+ influx may prolong IL-8-induced Ca2+ signals during granulocyte activation.
Cellular and Biochemical Analysis of Induced Sputum from Asthmatic and from Healthy Subjects (1993)

To determine the feasibility of cellular and biochemical analysis of sputum induced after inhalation of hypertonic (3%) saline, we analyzed sputum induced in 10 healthy and in 18 asthmatic subjects. We also analyzed saliva samples from all subjects. The entire sputum sample and the saliva sample were reduced using dithiothreitol, and cell counts and differentials were determined. Biochemical analysis was performed on sputum and saliva supernatants obtained after centrifugation. We found that induced sputum from asthmatic subjects had a higher percentage of eosinophils [8.1 +/- 3.43 (mean +/- SEM) versus 0.03 +/- 0.02%, p < 0.009] (after excluding squamous cells) and also had higher levels of albumin (232.3 +/- 54.8 versus 79.5 +/- 9.7 micrograms/ml, p < 0.02), fibrinogen (44.2 +/- 11.6 versus 11.9 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml, p < 0.008) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (142.6 +/- 34.2 versus 26.1 +/- 4.7 ng/ml, p < 0.006) but not of histamine or tryptase. In saliva, squamous cells made up more than 99% of the cells in both groups, and protein concentrations were not significantly different. We conclude that cellular and biochemical analysis of induced sputum is feasible in healthy and in asthmatic subjects and that it reveals differences similar to those reported from analyses of bronchial lavage fluid.
Modern methods and applications in analysis of explosives (1993)

Explosive compounds and mixtures chromatographic methods mass spectrometric methods analysis of explosive residues environmental analysis of explosives detection of hidden explosives.
Novel Capacitorless Single-Transistor Charge-Trap DRAM (1T CT DRAM) Utilizing Electrons (2010)

For the first time, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel single-transistor(1T) DRAM: Capacitorless Single-Transistor Charge-Trap DRAM (1T CT DRAM). The memory operation is obtained by engineering the body of the transistor with CTs by creating intentional electron-trapping zones. This memory makes use of charge traps and uses the existence or absence of electrons in its body instead of holes that are conventionally used in 1T DRAMs whose operation depends on floating-body effects. The DRAM operation is experimentally demonstrated.
Mobile IP joins forces with AAA (2000)

We present a set of requirements for a new security architecture for mobile IP, organized according to a progressively more detailed model of operation. The first requirements follow from the natural model for operation used in today's Internet, with special attention focused on the kinds of existing security associations that have evolved over the last few years. From this model, additional needs can be associated with the need for machine configuration and, in particular the dynamic allocation of an IP home address for a mobile client that wishes to use mobile IP. From the requirements and the natural trust model, a message flow has been engineered. With the proposals currently under consideration in the IETF a mobile node becomes truly able to roam throughout the Internet, while on the other hand needing substantially less administrative attention. It only needs a password and an NAI to formulate its global passport. If the existing Internet becomes integrated with telephone and mobile cellular infrastructures, Mobile IP may lead the way to economical communications anywhere in the world. The interaction between mobile IP entities and accounting, authentication, and authorization (AAA) services supplies the missing piece to enable operators to make a business case for offering mobile IP wireless data to their customers.
Cerebral venous thrombosis with lupus anticoagulants. Report of two cases. (1987)

Lupus anticoagulants are circulating autoantibodies, primarily directed against phospholipids, that prolong the partial thromboplastin time. They have been previously associated with systemic arterial and venous thrombosis and arterial stroke, but not with cerebral venous thrombosis. We describe 2 young patients with cerebral venous thrombosis documented by intravenous digital subtraction angiography in whom a lupus anticoagulant was demonstrated. Both patients improved with corticosteroid and anticoagulant therapy.
Iridium Oxide–Coated Defibrillation Electrode (1997)

This study shows that an IROX coating of this lead system significantly lowers the DFT energy in the swine model. The blunting of the impedance rise by the IROX coating that is seen is consistent with a reduction in electrode polarization.
Polyclonal Antibody Production in Murine Spleen Cells Induced by Staphylococcus (1980)

Polyclonal plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in murine spleen cells induced by Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were studied. Injection of Balb/c mice with S. aureus strain 248 beta H resulted in the generation of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) and anti-sheep red blood cell PFC in their spleens. Cultures of Balb/c mutant yielded many anti-TNP PFC. The larger the number of organisms that were added to the cultures, the better was the PFC response. Both living and killed organisms were capable of inducing the response, but an excess of living 248 beta H organisms in the cultures abrogated the response. All of the organisms (12 strains of S. aureus and 11 strains of S. epidermidis) freshly isolated from patients had the ability to induce the polyclonal PFC response in cell cultures. These organisms stimulated cultured C3H/HcJ mouse spleen cells, which were unresponsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured cells from the spleens of athymic mice also responded to these organisms, and the number of PFC in nu/nu cell cultures was always greater than in nu/+ cells prepared from a haired litter mate. Moreover, the responses of nu/nu spleen were lower than expected. These findings suggest that the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is thymus independent, but that the magnitude of the response is regulated by mature T cells. Cultures of macrophage-depleted spleen cells responded to the organisms to an extent similar to that of the control. The 248 beta H organisms were less capable of stimulating spleen cells of 2-week-old mice (i.e., early maturing B cells) than LPS. However, spleen cells from adult (7-week-old) and aged (9-month-old) mice responded well to both the organisms and LPS. Previous sensitization with the organisms in vivo did not affect any polyclonal responses of spleen cells in vitro to either the organisms or LPS. The role of staphylococcal protein A in the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is discussed.
Progression and Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions (2002)

These findings indicate that serial noninvasive MRI can monitor changes in atherosclerotic plaque composition under conditions of atherosclerotic progression and regression.
Endothelial Cell Seeding of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts (1980)

Thirteen adult dogs underwent thoracoabdominal bypass operations with 6-mm, double-velour Dacron grafts 25 to 30 cm long. Experimental grafts were seeded with cultured autologous endothelial cells (n = 7). Unseeded grafts served as controls (n = 6). Endothelial cells were harvested from external jugular vein segments using 0.1% trypsin and 0.5% collagenase solutions. Grafts were studied at weeks 2 and 4. Endothelial cell coverage of experimental graft surfaces after two weeks was 60% to 70%, and approximately 80% after four weeks. Immunofluorescence using factor VIII-related antigen confirmed the graft's inner surface to be endothelium. Endothelial cell coverage in control grafts occurred as pannus ingrowth, and never exceeded more than 10% of the conduit surface. Generation of an early endothelial surface in prosthetic grafts is possible in a canine model using cultured autologous cells.
Cost-Effective Recovery and Purification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Selective Dissolution of Cell Mass (2006)

Highly efficient separation and purification of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from PHA-containing cell mass is essential to production of the bioplastics from renewable resources in a cost-effective, environmentally friendly way. Based on selective dissolution of non-PHA cell mass (NPCM) by protons in aqueous solution and crystallization kinetics of PHA biopolymers, a simple process is developed and demonstrated to recover PHAs from cell mass to high purity (>97 wt %) with high yield (>95 wt %). The average molecular weight of biopolyesters is controlled, which follows an exponential function of process severity, a combined factor of processing conditions. Compared with conventional chemical treatment such as sequential surfactant and hypochlorite treatment, this new technology substantially reduces the chemical cost for PHA recovery and purification from PHA-containing cell mass.
Coaxial Electrospinning of (Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Conjugated Bovine Serum Albumin)-Encapsulated Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibers for Sustained Release (2006)

As an aim toward developing biologically mimetic and functional nanofiber-based tissue engineering scaffolds, we demonstrated the encapsulation of a model protein, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (fitcBSA), along with a water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), within the biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers using a coaxial electrospinning technique. By variation of the inner flow rates from 0.2 to 0.6 mL/h with a constant outer flow rate of 1.8 mL/h, fitcBSA loadings of 0.85-2.17 mg/g of nanofibrous membranes were prepared. Variation of flow rates also resulted in increases of fiber sizes from ca. 270 nm to 380 nm. The encapsulation of fitcBSA/PEG within PCL was subsequently characterized by laser confocal scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. In vitro release studies were conducted to evaluate sustained release potential of the core-sheath-structured composite nanofiber PCL-r-fitcBSA/PEG. As a negative control, composite nanofiber PCL/fitcBSA/PEG blend was prepared from a normal electrospinning method. It was found that core-sheath nanofibers PCL-r-fitcBSA/PEG pronouncedly alleviated the initial burst release for higher protein loading and gave better sustainability compared to that of PCL/fitcBSA/PEG nanofibers. The present study would provide a basis for further design and optimization of processing conditions to control the nanostructure of core-sheath composite nanofibers and ultimately achieve desired release kinetics of bioactive proteins (e.g., growth factors) for practical tissue engineering applications.
Semantic Text Recognition via Visual Question Answering (2019)

Scene Text Recognition has been an important challenge in the context of visual understanding, however, when reasoning is involved, generally by the inclusion of VQA mechanisms, current models fail in recognizing the required textual data. This joint task has not received the required attention, due to the lack of databases targeting this specific task, as well as all the additional challenges imposed for the separate tasks of text recognition and VQA. In this paper, we present a complete methodology to address this important task, by designing strategies that process the different components involved in the system. We use the data provided by the recent challenge proposed by the ICDAR community in the Robust Reading Challenge on Scene Text Visual Question Answering in the experimentation phase, giving us a great knowledge and insights for future work.
Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development (2014)

Intended exposure to gold and silver nanoparticles has increased exponentially over the last decade and will continue to rise due to their use in biomedical applications. In particular, reprotoxicological aspects of these particles still need to be addressed so that the potential impacts of this development on human health can be reliably estimated. Therefore, in this study the toxicity of gold and silver nanoparticles on mammalian preimplantation development was assessed by injecting nanoparticles into one blastomere of murine 2 cell-embryos, while the sister blastomere served as an internal control. After treatment, embryos were cultured and embryo development up to the blastocyst stage was assessed. Development rates did not differ between microinjected and control groups (gold nanoparticles: 67.3%, silver nanoparticles: 61.5%, sham: 66.2%, handling control: 79.4%). Real-time PCR analysis of six developmentally important genes (BAX, BCL2L2, TP53, OCT4, NANOG, DNMT3A) did not reveal an influence on gene expression in blastocysts. Contrary to silver nanoparticles, exposure to comparable Ag(+)-ion concentrations resulted in an immediate arrest of embryo development. In conclusion, the results do not indicate any detrimental effect of colloidal gold or silver nanoparticles on the development of murine embryos.
Design and analysis of PCR primers for the amplification and cloning of human immunoglobulin Fab fragments (1994)

We have developed PCR primers for the amplification and cloning of the genes encoding human antibody fragments. Two sets of primers were designed to amplify the coding sequence of the complete variable region and the first constant domain of immunoglobulin heavy chains. One set of primers was designed to amplify the coding sequence of complete kappa light chains. These three sets of primers were used in PCR amplifications with cDNA prepared from EBV transformed B cells as the template. The amplified fragments were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Analysis of the DNA sequences of such PCR generated antibody fragments suggested that our primer sets were able to amplify the major subsets of the heavy and light chain variable region genes. Comparison between the estimated frequency of the different subsets of heavy chain variable region genes and the distribution of our subclones further indicated that one set of our primers was able to proportionally amplify the subsets of the heavy chain family.
A Simulation Approach to Optimizing Performance of Equipment for Thermostimulation of Muscle Tissue using COMSOL Multiphysics (2011)

A multiphysics simulation approach is used in order to analyse and optimize performance of thermostimulation equipment. The temperature distribution and electric field distribution within the body tissue is simulated for varying body composition, for varying design parameters of the thermostimulation equipment and for different heating methods. Based on these simulations, information is gained regarding design choices for thermostimulation equipment, and relative effectiveness of thermostimulation equipment for patients with different body composition. The finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics is used for the simulations.
Increased lipolytic activity of sera from pre-eclamptic women due to the presence of a lysophospholipase (1993)

Sera from pre-eclamptic women exhibit an increased lipolytic activity compared to sera of women with normal pregnancies. The null hypothesis of this study was that the increased release of free fatty acids (FFA) was due to hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides. The nature of the increased lipolytic activity was investigated by incubating sera from pre-eclamptic (PE) and normal pregnant women (C) with various lipid substrates radiolabeled in the FFA position. The release of FFA in PE-sera was not due to hydrolysis of triglycerides or diglycerides. Lysophosphatidylcholine, however, served as substrate for the enhanced lipolytic activity. By using lysophosphatidylcholine with radiolabeled FFA in the sn-1-position we found that 32 +/- 10 nmol FFA ml-1 h-1 was released in PE-sera, compared to 10 +/- 4 nmol FFA ml-1 h-1 in C-sera. This lysophospholipase activity appears independent of Ca2+ and other divalent cations. The increased release of FFA in sera of pre-eclamptic women can be explained by the presence of a lysophospholipase which releases the remaining fatty acid of lysophosphatidylcholine.