gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outcome evaluations in gout. (2007)

Methods to measure outcomes in gout still require consensus and validation. This Special Interest Group was assembled to identify domains of interest and is now evaluating a series of outcomes for features of acute gouty arthritis and chronic gout. To accomplish this, working groups have been formed and domains identified. Delphi methodology has been used to address gouty flares as an outcome of greatest interest. Studies addressing other outcome measures were reported at the OMERACT 8 meeting and validation has begun on some outcomes. There has been progress on developing a definition of a flare, and validating reproducibility of some chronic gout outcome measures in some domains, such as tophus size and patient perceptions. Use of these outcomes as well as a health-related quality of life measure are being studied in clinical trials. Pain on a Likert scale appears to be a valid outcome in acute gout. Final validation of these outcomes has not yet been achieved. In summary, the unique problems of evaluating outcomes in gout are finally being addressed. While no measures are available for use yet, an agenda has been developed.
Homologous Expression of a Subcomplex of Pyrococcus furiosus Hydrogenase that Interacts with Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (2011)

Hydrogen gas is an attractive alternative fuel as it is carbon neutral and has higher energy content per unit mass than fossil fuels. The biological enzyme responsible for utilizing molecular hydrogen is hydrogenase, a heteromeric metalloenzyme requiring a complex maturation process to assemble its O(2)-sensitive dinuclear-catalytic site containing nickel and iron atoms. To facilitate their utility in applied processes, it is essential that tools are available to engineer hydrogenases to tailor catalytic activity and electron carrier specificity, and decrease oxygen sensitivity using standard molecular biology techniques. As a model system we are using hydrogen-producing Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows optimally at 100°C. We have taken advantage of a recently developed genetic system that allows markerless chromosomal integrations via homologous recombination. We have combined a new gene marker system with a highly-expressed constitutive promoter to enable high-level homologous expression of an engineered form of the cytoplasmic NADP-dependent hydrogenase (SHI) of P. furiosus. In a step towards obtaining 'minimal' hydrogenases, we have successfully produced the heterodimeric form of SHI that contains only two of the four subunits found in the native heterotetrameric enzyme. The heterodimeric form is highly active (150 units mg(-1) in H(2) production using the artificial electron donor methyl viologen) and thermostable (t(1/2) ∼0.5 hour at 90°C). Moreover, the heterodimer does not use NADPH and instead can directly utilize reductant supplied by pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from P. furiosus. The SHI heterodimer and POR therefore represent a two-enzyme system that oxidizes pyruvate and produces H(2) in vitro without the need for an intermediate electron carrier.
Serial Impedance Plethysmography in Pregnant Patients with Clinically Suspected Deep-Vein Thrombosis (1990)

The findings establish the safety of withholding anticoagulant therapy in pregnant patients who have negative results after serial impedance plethysmography. Sufficient patients were entered to provide narrow confidence intervals on the outcomes observed in patients with negative findings by impedance plethysmography. These findings are similar to those seen after venography in symptomatic patients. These data extend the role of non-invasive testing in patients with clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis to the pregnant symptomatic patient.
Folate Receptor–Specific Antitumor Activity of EC131, a Folate-Maytansinoid Conjugate (2007)

EC131, a new folate receptor (FR)-targeted drug conjugate, was prepared by covalently attaching the vitamin folic acid (FA) to a potent microtubule-inhibiting agent, maytansinoid DM1, via an intramolecular disulfide bond. When tested on cells in culture, EC131 was found to retain high affinity for FR-positive cells and to provide FR-specific cytotoxicity with an IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. The activity of EC131 was completely blocked in the presence of an excess of free FA, and no activity was detected against FR-negative cells. When evaluated against s.c. FR-positive M109 tumors in BALB/c mice, EC131 showed marked antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, this therapeutic effect occurred in the apparent absence of weight loss or noticeable organ tissue degeneration. In contrast, no significant antitumor activity was observed in EC131-treated animals that were codosed with an excess of FA, thus demonstrating the targeted specificity of the in vivo activity. EC131 also showed marked antitumor activity against FR-positive human KB tumors, but not against FR-negative A549 tumors, in nude mice with no evidence of systemic toxicity during or after the therapy. In contrast, therapy with the free maytansinoid drug (in the form of DM1-S-Me) proved not to be effective against the KB model when administered at its maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Taken together, these results indicate that EC131 is a highly potent agent capable of producing therapeutic benefit in murine tumor models at sub-MTD levels.
High Temperature Oxidation of AISI 4330 in CO/CO2 Mixtures. (1975)

The reaction of the 4330 steel in carbon dioxide-carbon monoxide mixtures has been investigated in the temperature range 800-1300C. The reaction involved decarburization, internal and external oxidation. The kinetics in the decarburization-oxidation processes were determined by the thermogravimetric techniques. The reaction rate was generally represented by the negative parabolic-positive linear relationship. The surface scale was mainly of wustite with duplex structure. The morphological development of wustite scale was examined with respect to the steps in reaction kinetics.
Temperature monitoring during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures using closed loop control. Atakr Multicenter Investigators Group. (1994)

Temperature monitoring with closed loop control of power output facilitates radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures by minimizing the probability of developing a coagulum while ensuring maximum lesion formation.
Compartmentalized Droplets for Continuous Flow Liquid–Liquid Interface Catalysis (2016)

To address the limitations of batch organic-aqueous biphasic catalysis, we develop a conceptually novel method termed Flow Pickering Emulsion, or FPE, to process biphasic reactions in a continuous flow fashion. This method involves the compartmentalization of bulk water into micron-sized droplets based on a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion, which are packed into a column reactor. The compartmentalized water droplets can confine water-soluble catalysts, thus "immobilizing" the catalyst in the column reactor, while the interstices between the droplets allow the organic (oil) phase to flow. Key fundamental principles underpinning this method such as the oil phase flow behavior, the stability of compartmentalized droplets and the confinement capability of these droplets toward water-soluble catalysts are experimentally and theoretically investigated. As a proof of this concept, case studies including a sulfuric acid-catalyzed addition reaction, a heteropolyacid-catalyzed ring opening reaction and an enzyme-catalyzed chiral reaction demonstrate the generality and versatility of the FPE method. Impressively, in addition to the excellent durability, the developed FPE reactions exhibit up to 10-fold reaction efficiency enhancement in comparison to the existing batch reactions, indicating a unique flow interface catalysis effect. This study opens up a new avenue to allow conventional biphasic catalysis reactions to access more sustainable and efficient flow chemistry using an innovative liquid-liquid interface protocol.
Analogues of the Natural Product Sinefungin as Inhibitors of EHMT1 and EHMT2 (2014)

A series of analogues of the natural product sinefungin lacking the amino acid moiety was synthesized and probed for their ability to inhibit EHMT1 and EHMT2. This study led to inhibitors 3b and 4d of methyltransferase activity of EHMT1 and EHMT2 and it demonstrates that such analogues constitute an interesting scaffold to develop selective methyltransferase inhibitors. Surprisingly, the inhibition was not competitive toward AdoMet.
tek, a novel tyrosine kinase gene located on mouse chromosome 4, is expressed in endothelial cells and their presumptive precursors. (1992)

A search for protein tyrosine kinases expressed during murine cardiogenesis resulted in the isolation of a novel tyrosine kinase, designated tek, which maps to mouse chromosome 4 between the brown and pmv-23 loci. The deduced amino acid sequence of tek predicts that it encodes a putative receptor tyrosine kinase that contains a 21 amino acid kinase insert and which is most closely related in its catalytic domains to FGFR1 and the product of the ret proto-oncogene. In situ hybridization analysis of adult tissues, as well as sectioned and whole-mount embryos, showed that tek is specifically expressed in the endocardium, the leptomeninges and the endothelial lining of the vasculature from the earliest stages of their development. Moreover, examination of the morphology of tek-expressing cells, and staging of tek expression relative to that of the endothelial cell marker von Willebrand factor, revealed that tek is expressed prior to von Willebrand factor and appears to mark the embryonic progenitors of mature endothelial cells. tek encodes a novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase that may be critically involved in the determination and/or maintenance of cells of the endothelial lineage.
Battery-Free Connected Machine Vision with WISPCam (2016)

Sustained exponential improvements in the energy efficiency of microelectronics has recently enabled us to build battery-free camera systems that are powered entirely by propagating radio waves. This paper describes primitive machine vision applications built using this highly constrained, battery-free camera system. After describing the WISPCam system and its constraints, we show how to use it to capture (relatively) high-resolution images of faces, without ever capturing a full frame at high resolution. This example application illustrates the issues that arise in partitioning a demanding vision application across mobile hardware that is highly constrained in power, storage, computation and communication.
Molecular cloning and analysis of the regulation of nit-3, the structural gene for nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa. (1987)

The nit-3 gene of Neurospora crassa encodes the enzyme nitrate reductase and is regulated by nitrogen catabolite repression and by specific induction with nitrate. The nit-3 gene was isolated from a cosmid-based genomic library by dual selection for benomyl resistance and for the ability to complement a nit-3 mutant strain using the sibling-selection procedure. The nit-3 gene was subcloned as a 3.8-kilobase DNA fragment from a cosmid that carried an approximately 40-kilobase N. crassa DNA insert. A restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the cloned segment displayed tight linkage to two linkage-group-4 markers that flank the genomic location of nit-3. RNA gel blot analyses of RNA from wild-type and various mutant strains were carried out to examine the molecular mechanism for regulation of nit-3 gene expression. The nit-3 gene was transcribed to give a large mRNA of approximately 3.4 kilobases, the expected size to encode nitrate reductase. The nit-3 gene was only expressed in wild-type cells subject to simultaneous nitrogen derepression and nitrate induction. A mutant of nit-2, the major nitrogen regulatory gene of Neurospora, did not have detectable levels of nit-3 gene transcripts under the exact conditions in which these transcripts were highly expressed in wild type. Similarly, a mutant of nit-4, which defines a minor positive-acting nitrogen control gene, failed to express detectable levels of the nit-3 transcript. Nitrate reductase gene expression was partially resistant to nitrogen repression in a mutant of the nmr gene, which appears to be a regulatory gene with a direct role in nitrogen catabolite repression. Results are presented that suggest that the enzyme glutamine synthetase does not serve any regulatory role in controlling nitrate reductase gene expression.
Nanoparticles Escaping RES and Endosome: Challenges for siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy (2011)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) technology has emerged as a promising potential treatment for viral, genetic diseases and cancers. Despite the powerful therapeutic potential of siRNA, there are challenges for developing efficient and specific delivery systems for systemic administration. There are extracellular and intracellular barriers for nanoparticle-mediated delivery. First, nanoparticles are rapidly cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Second, following their cellular uptake, nanoparticles are trapped in endosomes/lysosomes, where siRNA would be degraded by enzymes. In this review, we describe strategies for grafting a polyethylene glycol (PEG) brush to the nanoparticles for evading RES, such that they may effectively accumulate in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. PEG has to shed from the nanoparticles to allow close interaction with the tumor cells. Current strategies for facilitating endosome escape, such as ion pair formation, “proton sponge effect”, destabilizing endosome membrane, and hydrophobic modification of the vector, are discussed.
Hepatic ultrasonography and blood changes in cattle with experimentally induced hepatic abscesses (1991)

Hepatic abscesses were induced experimentally in 5 steers by inoculating Fusobacterium necrophorum via ultrasonography-guided, percutaneous catheterization of the portal vein. Hepatic ultrasonography was performed to determine the onset and progression of abscessation. Blood samples were collected before and after inoculation for performing leukocyte counts and hepatic function tests. Ultrasonographic evidence of liver abscesses was observed as early as 3 days after inoculation. Abscesses appeared as hyperechoic centers (cellular debris and pus) surrounded by hypoechoic or anechoic areas (fluid). Increases in rectal temperature, leukocyte counts, fibrinogen, globulin, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase concentrations were detected. Hepatic dysfunction was evidenced by decrease in serum albumin concentration and low sulfobromophthalein clearance. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of abscesses correlated well with necropsy findings.
Inhibition of HIF-1alpha activity by homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 correlates with sensitization of chemoresistant cells to undergo apoptosis (2009)

The ability of HIPK2 to restore the apoptosis-inducing potential of chemotherapeutic drug in hypoxia-mimicking condition and therefore to sensitize chemoresistant tumor cells suggests that HIPK2 may induce fundamental alterations in cell signaling pathways, involving or not p53 function. Thus potential use of HIPK2 is promising for cancer treatment by potentiating cytotoxic therapies, regardless of p53 cell status.
Dual-material gate (DMG) field effect transistor (1999)

A generic new type of field effect transistor (FET), the dual material gate (DMG) FET, is proposed and demonstrated. The gate of the DMGFET consists of two laterally contacting materials with different work functions. This novel gate structure takes advantage of material work function difference in such a way that the threshold voltage near the source is more positive than that near the drain (for n-channel FET, the opposite for p-channel FET), resulting in a more rapid acceleration of charge carriers in the channel and a screening effect to suppress short-channel effects. Using the heterostructure FET as a vehicle, the principle, computer simulation results, design guidelines, processing, and characterization of the DMGFET are discussed in detail.
The route of administration is a major determinant of the transduction efficiency of rat tissues by adenoviral recombinants. (1995)

One of the key factors that determines the efficacy of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in genetic diseases, is the degree and extent of transduction of the target cells by adenovirus (AV)-recombinants carrying the therapeutic gene or cDNA. In this paper we provide experimental evidence which indicates that the route of administration of the AV-recombinants has a major influence on the transduction of various tissues in young rats. The heart, diaphragm, intercostal muscles and thymus show high transduction after intra-arterial (left cardiac ventricle) injection. By contrast, the liver shows a high transduction after intravenous injection. A substantial viremia develops within 2 h of gastric-rectal, intraperitoneal and intracardiac administration of AV recombinants. The number of adenoviral DNA copies per nucleus of transduced cells ranged from one to three in most tissues. These numbers correlated well with the overall transduction efficiency of the tissue determined by reporter gene expression. The various factors that determine which route of administration favors a high transduction rate in a particular tissue can be analyzed and this can lead to an improved efficiency of gene therapy in targeting a particular tissue in a disease.
Costimulation: Building an Immunological Synapse (1999)

Immune responses are triggered by activation of the T cell receptor with foreign antigen. Dustin summarizes in his Perspective new evidence that this triggering event is actually the formation of an immunological synapse, an area of close contact between cells. Recent results (
 Viola
 et al.
 in this issue) begin to characterize the process by which this structure is formed and define its components.
The pancreatic stellate cell: a star on the rise in pancreatic diseases (2007)

Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are myofibroblast-like cells found in the areas of the pancreas that have exocrine function. PaSCs are regulated by autocrine and paracrine stimuli and share many features with their hepatic counterparts, studies of which have helped further our understanding of PaSC biology. Activation of PaSCs induces them to proliferate, to migrate to sites of tissue damage, to contract and possibly phagocytose, and to synthesize ECM components to promote tissue repair. Sustained activation of PaSCs has an increasingly appreciated role in the fibrosis that is associated with chronic pancreatitis and with pancreatic cancer. Therefore, understanding the biology of PaSCs offers potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
NBC Television Central — An Overview (1976)

Large television centers are becoming more common throughout the world. While the design of individual studios and associated control rooms within such centers can be dealt with based on past experience, the routing and ultimate release-to-air of numerous individual signal sources within the center take on a special dimension when the system is very large. Rebuilding around an ongoing operation within an existing structure strongly influences the final design. A review of existing operating practices suggests many possibilities for improvement from a human-factors viewpoint. The final scheme includes the use of a large audio-video routing apparatus, a multichannel computer-controlled release studio, and numerous remote-control subsystems. Automated program schedule preparation and flexible voice communications play important roles in the completed system.
Disordered Gastric Motor Function in Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Insights into Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Clinical Relevance, and Treatment (1991)

(1991). Disordered Gastric Motor Function in Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Insights into Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Clinical Relevance, and Treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology: Vol. 26, No. 7, pp. 673-684.
Protection against ExperimentalStaphylococcus aureusArthritis by Vaccination with Clumping Factor A, a Novel Virulence Determinant (2001)

The importance of the fibrinogen-binding adhesin clumping factor A (ClfA) in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis was examined in an animal model. The protective effect of active and passive immunization with ClfA also was investigated in S. aureus infection models. The severity of arthritis was markedly reduced in mice challenged intravenously with a clfA mutant, compared with mice infected with the wild-type strain. Mice immunized with recombinant ClfA and challenged with S. aureus developed less-severe arthritis than did mice immunized with a control antigen. Passive immunization of mice with rat and rabbit anti-ClfA antibodies protected against S. aureus arthritis and sepsis-induced death, indicating that the protection by active immunization is antibody mediated. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ClfA is a crucial virulence determinant for septic arthritis and an excellent target for the generation of immune therapies directed against S. aureus.
The Efficacy of Continuous Epidural Blockade with Ketamine and Local Anesthetics on Acute Herpes Zoster Pain: A case report (2003)

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Low Molecular Weight Linear Polyethylenimine-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyethylenimine Triblock Copolymers:  Synthesis, Characterization, and in Vitro Gene Transfer Properties (2005)

Novel ABA triblock copolymers consisting of low molecular weight linear polyethylenimine (PEI) as the A block and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the B block were prepared and evaluated as polymeric transfectant. The cationic polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOZO) using PEG-bis(tosylate) as a macroinitiator followed by acid hydrolysis afforded linear PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers with controlled compositions. Two copolymers, PEI-PEG-PEI 2100-3400-2100 and 4000-3400-4000, were synthesized. Both copolymers were shown to interact with and condense plasmid DNA effectively to give polymer/DNA complexes (polyplexes) of small sizes (<100 nm) and moderate zeta-potentials (approximately +10 mV) at polymer/plasmid weight ratios > or =1.5/1. These polyplexes were able to efficiently transfect COS-7 cells and primary bovine endothelial cells (BAECs) in vitro. For example, PEI-PEG-PEI 4000-3400-4000 based polyplexes showed a transfection efficiency comparable to polyplexes of branched PEI 25000. The transfection activity of polyplexes of PEI-PEG-PEI 4000-3400-4000 in BAECs using luciferase as a reporter gene was 3-fold higher than that for linear PEI 25000/DNA formulations. Importantly, the presence of serum in the transfection medium had no inhibitive effect on the transfection activity of the PEI-PEG-PEI polyplexes. These PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers displayed also an improved safety profile in comparison with high molecular weight PEIs, since the cytotoxicity of the polyplex formulations was very low under conditions where high transgene expression was found. Therefore, linear PEI-PEG-PEI triblock copolymers are an attractive novel class of nonviral gene delivery systems.