gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Riboflavin‐Photosensitized Changes in Aqueous Solutions of Alginate by Dynamic Light Scattering (2004)

The effect of irradiation, in the wavelength range of 310-800 nm, on aqueous solutions (pH = 7.4) of alginate in the presence of the photosensitizer riboflavin (RF) has been investigated with the aid of dynamic light scattering (DLS). Under aerobic conditions light irradiation of RF causes scission of the polymer chains which affects the polymer dynamics. The time correlation data obtained from DLS experiments showed at all conditions the existence of two relaxation modes: one single exponential at short times, followed by a stretched exponential at longer times. The slow relaxation time revealed, over the whole considered concentration range, lower values for the alginate/RF system, whereas no effect of photochemical degradation was observed for the fast relaxation time in the semidilute regime. The results suggest that the photochemically induced fragmentation of alginate affects the slow relaxation mode, associated with disengagement relaxation of individual chains or cluster relaxation, in a similar way as the zero-shear viscosity. These findings provide detailed insight into the dynamics of the polymer matrix, and this knowledge can be useful in the context of controlled-release delivery of drugs. The chemical units of alginate (M = mannuronic acid and G = guluronic acid).
Emergence, Natural History, and Variation of Canine, Mink, and Feline Parvoviruses (1990)

This chapter discusses the emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV), the evidence concerning the previous emergence of mink enteritis virus (MEV) as the cause of a new disease in minks in the 1940s, and the mechanisms that determine the host ranges and other specific properties of the viruses of cats, minks, and dogs. The viruses are classified as the feline parvovirus subgroup of the genus Parvovirus, within the family Parvoviridae. Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), MEV, and CPV are classified as “host range variants.” In addition to the viruses of cats, minks, and dogs, similar viruses naturally infect many species within the families Felidae, Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, and possibly the Viverridae. The differences in virulence for minks observed after inoculation of MEV or FPV suggests that there are subtle differences between FPV and MEV that have yet to be defined. Genetic mapping studies indicate that only three or four sequence differences between the FPV and CPV-2 isolates within the VP-1 lVP-2 gene determine all of the specific properties of CPV that have been defined: the pH dependence of hemagglutination, the CPV-specific epitope, and the host range for canine cells and dogs.
High-performance enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using fluoride-based plasma treatment (2005)

We report a novel approach in fabricating high-performance enhancement mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The fabrication technique is based on fluoride-based plasma treatment of the gate region in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and post-gate rapid thermal annealing with an annealing temperature lower than 500/spl deg/C. Starting with a conventional depletion-mode HEMT sample, we found that fluoride-based plasma treatment can effectively shift the threshold voltage from -4.0 to 0.9 V. Most importantly, a zero transconductance (g/sub m/) was obtained at V/sub gs/=0 V, demonstrating for the first time true E-mode operation in an AlGaN/GaN HEMT. At V/sub gs/=0 V, the off-state drain leakage current is 28 μA/mm at a drain-source bias of 6 V. The fabricated E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with 1 μm-long gate exhibit a maximum drain current density of 310 mA/mm, a peak g/sub m/ of 148 mS/mm, a current gain cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 10.1 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 34.3 GHz.
Melanoma epidemic: True or false? (2004)

Melanoma incidence has increased dramatically over the last decades in most industrial countries, mainly as a result of the large numbers of early melanomas being diagnosed. Simultaneously, a lack of commensurate change in mortality has been reported, raising the possibility that skin melanoma may have modified its aggressiveness as a result of the increased diagnosis of biologically benign lesions. The main data and controversies arising from the melanoma epidemic are reviewed.
Specific gene expression profiles in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2007)

Gene expression profiles in PBMCs identified disease-specific genes in patients with systemic JIA. Cell type analyses should allow further insight into the mechanisms of the disease.
Structure−Property Relationships in Porous 3D Nanostructures: Epoxy-Cross-Linked Silica Aerogels Produced Using Ethanol as the Solvent (2009)

Cross-linking silica aerogels with organic groups has been shown to improve the strength over un-cross-linked aerogels by as much as 2 orders of magnitude. Previous cross-linking chemistry has been developed using solvents specifically chosen to dissolve the monomers and accommodate the reaction temperature. Because the process of making the aerogels requires so much solvent, it is of interest to consider less toxic solvents such as ethanol to increase safety and enhance scale up. To this end, two different epoxy precursors with suitable solubility in ethanol were evaluated as cross-linkers for silica gels prepared from (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and tetraethylorthosilicate. In addition, 1,6-bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (BTMSH) was used as an additive in the underlying silica structure to add flexibility to the aerogels. It was found that the ethanol-derived aerogels exhibited more shrinkage than those prepared from other solvents but that including BTMSH in the aerogels significantly reduced this shrinkage. Inclusion of BTMSH also imparted the ability of the aerogel monoliths to recover elastically when compressed up to 50% strain. In addition, optimized cross-linked aerogels prepared in this study have mechanical properties comparable to those using other more undesirable solvents and cross-linkers.
Synthesis, characterization, biodegradability and biocompatibility of a temperature-sensitive PBLA-PEG-PBLA hydrogel as protein delivery system with low critical gelation concentration (2013)

Temperature-sensitive hydrogels were designed using a series of A-B-A triblock copolymers consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights as the hydrophilic block B and poly (β-butyrolactone-co-lactic acid)(PBLA) with varying block lengths and composition as the hydrophobic block A. The triblock copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of β-BL and LA in bulk using PEG as an initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. Their chemical structure and molecular characteristics were determined by NMR, GPC and DSC, and the relationship between structure and phase behaviors in aqueous solutions was investigated as well. It was found that the phase behaviors in aqueous solutions including critical micelle concentration (CMC), sol-gel-sedimentation phase transition temperature, gel window width and critical gelation concentration (CGC) are largely dependent on the molecular weight and block length ratio of PEG/PBLA. Most importantly, they show a very low CGC ranging from 4 to 8 wt% because of the introduction of β-BL. Furthermore, the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the hydrogels were evaluated. Finally, lysozyme as a model protein was used to evaluate the ability to deliver protein drugs in a sustained release manner and biologically active form. All results demonstrated that the temperature-sensitive in situ forming hydrogel has a promising potential as sustained delivery system for protein drugs.
Recent advances in the synthesis of porphyrins with five-membered exocyclic rings (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent advances in the synthesis of porphyrins with five-membered exocyclic ringsTimothy D. Lash, Desiree M. Quizon-Colquitt, Craig M. Shiner, Thanh H. Nguyen, and Zao HuCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 2, 172–178Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00038a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00038a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mycophenolate Mofetil Therapy in Lupus Nephritis (1999)

Controlled clinical trials in renal transplantation have demonstrated that mycophenolate mofetil is well tolerated and has lower renal transplant rejection rates than azathioprine regimens. This study reports on the clinical experiences at two institutions with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for severe lupus nephritis. Twelve patients with relapsing or resistant nephritis previously treated with cyclophosphamide therapy and one patient who refused cyclophosphamide as initial therapy for diffuse proliferative nephritis but accepted MMF were included. During combined MMF/prednisone therapy, serum creatinine values remained normal or declined from elevated values: mean change in serum creatinine was -0.26+/-0.46 microM/L, P = 0.039. Proteinuria significantly decreased: mean change in urine protein-to-creatinine ratios was -2.53+/-3.76, P = 0.039. Decreased serum complement component C3 and elevated anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels at baseline improved in some, but not all, patients. The mean initial dose of MMF was 0.92 g/d (range, 0.5 to 2 g/d). The mean duration of therapy was 12.9 mo (range, 3 to 24 mo). Adverse events included herpes simplex stomatitis associated with severe leukopenia (n = 1), asymptomatic leukopenia (n = 2), nausea/ diarrhea (n = 2), thinning of scalp hair (n = 1), pancreatitis (n = 1), and pneumonia without leukopenia (n = 1). Recurrence of the pancreatitis led to discontinuation of MMF in this patient; all other adverse events resolved with dose reduction. It is concluded that MMF is well tolerated and has possible efficacy in controlling major renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Controlled clinical trials are needed to define the role of MMF in the management of lupus nephritis.
The Sisal model of functional programming and its implementation (2002)

Programming a massively-parallel machine is a daunting task for any human programmer, and parallelization may even be impossible for any compiler. Instead, the functional programming paradigm may prove to be an ideal solution by providing an implicitly parallel interface to the programmer. We describe the Sisal (Stream and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language) project. Its goal is to provide a general-purpose user interface for a wide range of parallel processing platforms.
Homozygous loss of the interferon genes defines the critical region on 9p that is deleted in lung cancers. (1993)

Cytogenetic analyses of non-small cell lung cancer have revealed deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 with breakpoints at 9p11-pter in a significant proportion of tumors. Recent evidence suggests that homozygous loss of the interferon (IFN) and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) genes located on 9p and a tumor suppressor gene closely linked to them is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and with gliomas. We have observed alterations of DNA sequences on 9p which include the IFN genes at a significant frequency in all types of human lung cancers (20 of 56 or 36%). The genetic alterations observed include homozygous or hemizygous deletions of the IFN genes as well as rearrangement of contiguous DNA sequences. In addition to these genomic alterations, 10 of 22 (45%) cell lines examined lacked MTAP enzyme activity. Overall, 24 of 56 (43%) lung cancer cell lines examined had hemizygous or homozygous loss of DNA sequences which include the IFN or MTAP genes. These findings suggest that the putative tumor suppressor gene at this locus contributes to the malignant process in lung cancers, as well as other types of human cancer.
Trans-repressor activity of nuclear glycosaminoglycans on Fos and Jun/AP-1 oncoprotein-mediated transcription. (1992)

Heparin blocks the phorbol ester-induced progression of nontransformed cells through the G0/G1 phase (Wright, T.C., L.A. Pukac, J.J. Castellot, M.J. Karnovsky, R.A. Levine, H.-Y. Kim-Park, and J. Campisi. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 3199-3203) or G1 to S phase (Reilly, C. F., M. S. Kindy, K. E. Brown, R. D. Rosenberg, and G. E Sonenshein. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:6990-6995) of the cell cycle. Cell cycle arrest was associated with decreased levels of stage-specific mRNAs suggesting transcriptional regulation of cell growth. In the present report, we show that heparin selectively repressed TPA-inducible AP-1-mediated gene expression. Heparin-induced trans-repression was observed in primary vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as in the transformed HeLa cell line and in nondifferentiated F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of AP-1-mediated trans-activation occurred with heparin and pentosan polysulfate but not with chondroitin sulfate A or C. Heparin-binding peptides or heparitinase I addition to nuclear lysates of heparin-treated cells allowed enhanced recovery of endogenous AP-1-specific DNA binding activity. We propose a model in which nuclear glycosaminoglycans play a trans-regulatory role in altering the patterns of inducible gene expression.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens (2020)

This study describes results of PCR and viral RNA testing for SARS-CoV-2 in bronchoalveolar fluid, sputum, feces, blood, and urine specimens from patients with COVID-19 infection in China to identify possible means of non-respiratory transmission.
Identification of Telmisartan as a Unique Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist With Selective PPARγ–Modulating Activity (2004)

The metabolic syndrome is a common precursor of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes that is characterized by the clustering of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased blood pressure. In humans, mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) have been reported to cause the full-blown metabolic syndrome, and drugs that activate PPARgamma have proven to be effective agents for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here we report that telmisartan, a structurally unique angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension, can function as a partial agonist of PPARgamma; influence the expression of PPARgamma target genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; and reduce glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in rats fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. None of the other commercially available angiotensin II receptor antagonists appeared to activate PPARgamma when tested at concentrations typically achieved in plasma with conventional oral dosing. In contrast to ordinary antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents, molecules that can simultaneously block the angiotensin II receptor and activate PPARgamma have the potential to treat both hemodynamic and biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome and could provide unique opportunities for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-risk populations.
GridLAB-D Technical Support Document: Network Module Version 1.0 (2008)

Technical support document for GridLAB-D describing network module, version 1.0.
Structure and Mechanism of DNA Topoisomerases (1995)

DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that control the level of supercoiling of DNA in cells. There are several classes, each with distinct properties, which are briefly discussed in this review. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic structures have been obtained for fragments of two classes of these enzymes, which when combined with biochemical data, reveal a great deal about the gymnastics that the enzymes undergo during catalysis and provide fascinating snapshots of their mechanisms. These mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the first structure of a topoisomerase in a complex with an antibiotic was recently solved. This structure is briefly discussed with regard to the biochemical activity of the compound.
05462 Service-Oriented Computing: A Research Roadmap (2006)

This document presents a Services Research Roadmap that launches four pivotal, inherently related, research themes to Service-Oriented Computing (SOC): service foundations, service composition, service management and monitoring and service-oriented engineering. Each theme is introduced briefly from a technology, state of the art and scientific challenges standpoint. From the technology standpoint a comprehensive review of state of the art, standards, and current research activities in each key area is provided. From the state of the art the major open problems and bottlenecks to progress are identified. During the during seminar each core theme was initially introduced by a leading expert in the field who described the state of the art and highlighting open problems and important research topics for the SOC community to work on in the future. These experts were then asked to coordinate parallel workgroups that were entrusted with an in-depth analysis of the research opportunities and needs in the respective theme. The findings presented in this summary report build on the advice of those panels of experts from industry and academia who participated in this Dagstuhl Seminar and met at other occasions during the past three years, e.g., at the International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC, see www.icsoc.org). These experts represent many disciplines including distributed computing, database and information systems, software engineering, computer architectures and middleware and knowledge representation.
Epitope Mapping of Human Chromogranin A by Peptide Microarrays (2009)

In this chapter we report on the characterization of linear antigenic sites of human chromogranin A (CgA), a useful tissue and serum marker for neuroendocrine tumours and a precursor of many biologically active peptides. The epitope mapping of CgA has been carried out by peptide microarrays on glass slides coated by a copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N,N-acryloyloxysuccinimide (NAS) and [3-(methacryloyl-oxy) propyl] trimethoxysilyl (MAPS). The microarray support provided sufficient accessibility of the ligand, with no need for a spacer, as the polymer chains prevent interaction of immobilized peptides with substrate. In addition, the polymeric surface constitutes an aqueous micro-environment in which, despite peptide random orientation, linear epitopes are freely exposed. The results reported are in accordance with those obtained in conventional ELISA assays using biotinylated and non-biotinylated peptides.
Enhancement of murine hematopoiesis by synergistic interactions between steel factor (ligand for c-kit), interleukin-11, and other early acting factors in culture (1992)

Entry into the cell cycle of dormant hematopoietic progenitors appears to be regulated by multiple synergistic factors, including interleukin- 6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-11, and the ligand for c-kit, which is also known as steel factor (SF). We have tested the effects of these and other hematopoietic factors on the proliferation of partially enriched dormant murine progenitors in the presence and absence of serum. In serum-containing cultures, SF and IL- 11 interacted to support the formation of multilineage colonies; the level of colony formation was comparable with the colony formation supported by other effective two-factor combinations. In serum-free cultures, colony formation supported by two factors was significantly less than that in serum-containing culture and the most effective two- factor combination in serum-free culture was SF plus IL-3. In serum- free cultures, three-factor combinations consisting of SF, IL-3, and one of IL-6, G-CSF, or IL-11 yielded colony formation that was comparable with that seen in serum-containing cultures. These studies indicate that IL-11 belongs to a group of early-acting hematopoietic synergistic factors that now includes IL-6, G-CSF, and IL-11. In contrast, SF is unique among the synergistic factors in that it interacts either with growth factors such as IL-3 or GM-CSF or with synergistic factors such as IL-6, IL-11, or G-CSF.
SiGe/Si THz laser based on transitions between inverted mass light-hole and heavy-hole subbands (2001)

We have investigated a SiGe/Si quantum-well laser based on transitions between the light-hole and heavy-hole subbands. The lasing occurs in the region of k space where the dispersion of ground-state light-hole subband is so nonparabolic that its effective mass is inverted. This kind of lasing mechanism makes total population inversion between the two subbands unnecessary. The laser structure can be electrically pumped through tunneling in a quantum cascade scheme. Optical gain as high as 172/cm at the wavelength of 50 μm can be achieved at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, even when the population of the upper laser subband is 15% less than that of the lower subband.
A monolithic processing subsystem (1994)

A single-chip 120 MFLOP (peak) 26 million transistor digital processing subsystem with 512 kilobytes of on-chip SRAM has been developed. This general purpose 32-bit floating point Harvard architecture device, which incorporates sophisticated communication capabilities and at maximum throughput dissipates less than 2 W, can be used as a stand-alone processor or as a building block for both SIMD and MIMD processor arrays. This paper describes physical and functional features of the chip, and provides some discussion of how it can be applied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>