gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test–retest bias, reliability, and regression equations for neuropsychological measures repeated over a 12–16-week period (2001)

The interpretation of neurobehavioral change over time requires knowledge of the test-retest characteristics of the measures. Without this information it is not possible to distinguish a true change (i.e., one reflecting the occurrence or resolution of an intervening process) from that occurring on the basis of chance or systematic bias. We tested a group of 72 healthy young to middle aged adults twice over a 12-to-16-week interval in order to observe the change in scores over time when there was no known intervention. The test battery consisted of seven commonly used cognitive measures and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Test-retest regression equations were calculated for each measure using initial performance, age, education, and a measure of general intellectual function (Wonderlic Personnel Test) as regressors. Test-retest correlations ranged from .39 (POMS Fatigue) to .89 (Digit Symbol). Cognitive measures generally yielded higher correlations than did the POMS. Univariate regressions based only on initial performance adequately predicted retest performance for the majority of measures. Age and education had a relatively minor influence. Practice effects and regression to the mean were common. These test-retest regression equations can be used to predict retest scores when there has been no known intervention. They can also be used to generate statistical statements regarding the significance of change in an individual's performance over a 12-to-16-week interval.
Rescue of Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) entirely from cloned cDNAs by using RNA polymerase I (2007)

Reverse-genetic systems are often used to study different aspects of the viral life cycle. To date, three rescue systems have been developed for the family Bunyaviridae. These systems use T7 RNA polymerase, which is generally used in rescue systems for Mononegavirales. In the present study, we describe a rescue system for Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) that uses cDNAs and RNA polymerase I instead of T7 RNA polymerase. The utility of this system was demonstrated by the generation of a mutant with a deletion of the non-structural protein (NSs) on the S RNA segment. These results offer a new option for bunyavirus rescue.
Noninvasive in vivo cavitation threshold detection during blood-brain barrier opening using focused ultrasound and the contrast agent and definity. (2010)

The in vivo cavitation response associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening as induced by transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) and microbubbles was studied in order to better identify the underlying mechanism. A cylindrically focused hydrophone, confocal with the FUS transducer, was used as a passive cavitation detector (PCD) to identify the threshold of inertial cavitation (IC) in the presence of definity microbubbles. After definity was injected intravenously, pulsed FUS, with parameters previously shown to generate opening, was applied (frequency: 1.525 MHz, peak-rarefactional pressure: 0.30–0.60 MPa, duty cycle: 20%, PRF: 10 Hz, duration: 1 min) on the right hippocampus of five mice in vivo through their intact skin and skull. T1-weighted MRI was used to verify BBB opening. A spectrogram was generated at each pressure in order to detect the IC onset and duration. The IC threshold detected was 0.60 MPa and mainly occurred during the first 50 cycles. Harmonics were also detected during BBB opening starting at 0.30 MPa indicating stable cavitation occurrence. In conclusion, stable and inertial cavitation could be detected in vivo without craniotomy and IC is not required for BBB opening. [This work was supported by NIH R21EY018505, NIH R01EB009014 and NSF CAREER 0644713.
Software Performance of Universal Hash Functions (1999)

This paper compares the parameters sizes and software performance of several recent constructions for universal hash functions: bucket hashing, polynomial hashing, Toeplitz hashing, division hashing, evaluation hashing, and MMH hashing. An objective comparison between these widely varying approaches is achieved by defining constructions that offer a comparable security level. It is also demonstrated how the security of these constructions compares favorably to existing MAC algorithms, the security of which is less understood.
Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays a protective role in T cell-mediated murine hepatitis: IL-22 is a survival factor for hepatocytes via STAT3 activation (2004)

The central role of T cell activation in hepatocellular injury has been well documented. In this article, we provide evidence suggesting that T cells may also play a protective role in liver disease by releasing interleukin-22 (IL-22), a recently identified T cell-derived cytokine whose biological significance is unclear. IL-22 messenger RNA and protein expression are significantly elevated in T cell-mediated hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (ConA) but are less extensively elevated in the carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury model. Activated CD3(+) T cells are likely responsible for the production of IL-22 in the liver after injection of ConA. The IL-22 receptor is normally expressed at high levels by hepatocytes and further induced after ConA injection. IL-22 blockade with a neutralizing antibody reduces signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) activation and worsens liver injury in T cell-mediated hepatitis, whereas injection of recombinant IL-22 attenuates such injury. In vitro treatment with recombinant IL-22 or overexpression of IL-22 promotes cell growth and survival in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Stable overexpression of IL-22 in HepG2 cells constitutively activates STAT3 and induces expression of a variety of antiapoptotic (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1) and mitogenic (e.g., c-myc, cyclin D1, Rb2, CDK4) proteins. Blocking STAT3 activation abolishes the antiapoptotic and mitogenic actions of IL-22 in hepatic cells. In conclusion, the T cell-derived cytokine IL-22 is a survival factor for hepatocytes; this suggests that T cell activation may also prevent and repair liver injury by releasing hepatoprotective cytokine IL-22 in addition to its previously documented central role in hepatocellular injury.
Human Breath Odors and Their Use in Diagnosis (2007)

Humans emit a complex array of volatile and nonvolatile molecules that are influenced by an individual's genetics, health, diet, and stress. Olfaction is the most ancient of our distal senses and may be used to evaluate food and environmental toxins as well as recognize kin and potential predators. Many body odors evolved to be olfactory messengers, which convey information between individuals. Consequently, those practicing the healing arts have used olfaction to aid in their diagnosis of disease since the dawn of medical practice. Studies using modern instrumental analyses have focused upon analysis of breath volatiles for biomarkers of internal diseases. In these studies, a subject's oral health status appears to seldom be considered. However, saliva and properly collected alveolar air samples must pass over or come in contact with the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue, a site of bacterial plaque development and source of halitosis-related volatiles. Because of our basic research into the nature of human body odors, our lab has received referrals of people with idiopathic malodor production, from either the oral cavity or body. We developed a protocol to help differentiate individuals with chronic halitosis from those with the genetic, odor-producing metabolic disorder trimethylaminuria (TMAU). In our referred population, TMAU is the largest cause of undiagnosed body odor. Many TMAU-positive individuals present with oral symptoms of dysguesia and halitosis as well as body odor. We present data regarding the presentation of our referred subjects as well as the analytical results from a small number of these subjects regarding their oral levels of halitosis-related malodorants and trimethylamine.
Enzymatic Synthesis of γ-Glutamylvaline to Improve the Bitter Taste of Valine (2004)

The taste of several bitter amino acids is reduced, sourness produced, and preference increased by gamma-glutamylization. An enzymatic method for synthesizing gamma-Glu-Val involving bacterial gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was developed. The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of gamma-Glu-Val were 20 mM Gln, 300 mM Val, and 0.04 U/ml GGT, pH 10. After 3-hr incubation at 37 degrees C, 17.6 mM gamma-Glu-Val was obtained, with the yield being 88%. gamma-Glu-Val was purified on a Dowex 1 x 8 column and then identified by NMR.
Expression of human liver cytochrome P450 IIIA4 in yeast (1990)

Cytochrome P-450 (P450) NF, a member of the P450 IIIA subfamily, is the major contributor to the oxidation of the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine in human liver microsomes. A cDNA clone designated NF25 encoding for human P450 NF was isolated from a bacteriophage lambda gt11 expression library [Beaune, P. H., Umbenhauer, D. R., Bork, R. W., Lloyd, R. S. & Guengerich, F. P. (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 8064-8068]. We have expressed NF25 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an expression vector constructed from pYeDP1/8-2 [Cullin, C. & Pompon, D. (1988) Gene 65, 203-217]. Yeast transformed with the plasmid containing the NF25 sequence (pVNF25) showed a ferrous-CO spectrum typical of cytochrome P-450. Microsomal preparations contained a protein with an apparent molecular mass identical to that of P450-5 (a form isolated from human liver indistinguishable from P450 NF) that was not present in microsomes from control yeast (transformed with pYeDP1/8-2 alone), as revealed by immunoblotting with anti-P450-5 antibodies. On the other hand, antibodies raised in rabbits against human liver P450 IIC8-10 and rat liver P450 IA1 and P450 IIE1 did not recognize yeast-expressed P450 NF25. The P450 NF25 content in microsomes was about 90 pmol/mg protein. Microsomal, yeast-expressed P450 NF25 exhibited a high affinity for different substrates including macrolide antibiotics, dihydroergotamine and miconazole as shown by difference visible spectroscopy. Microsomal suspensions containing P450 NF25 were also able to catalyze several oxidation reactions that were expected from the activities of the protein isolated from human liver, including nifedipine 1,4-oxidation, quinidine 3-hydroxylation and N-oxygenation, and N-demethylation of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and troleandomycin. The yeast endogenous NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase thus couples efficiently with the heterologous P450 NF25 though its level is far lower than that of its ortholog in human liver. Indeed addition of rabbit liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase increased the oxidation rates. Rabbit liver cytochrome b5 also caused a marked enhancement of catalytic activities, as had been noted previously for this particular P450 enzyme in a reconstituted system involving the protein purified from human liver. Furthermore, the level of the yeast endogenous cytochrome P-450 (lanosterol 14-demethylase) has been found to be negligible compared to the heterologously expressed cytochrome P-450 (30 times less). Thus, yeast microsomes containing P450 NF25 constitute by themselves a good functional model for studying the binding capacities and catalytic activities of this individual form of human hepatic cytochrome P-450.
Novo-G: At the Forefront of Scalable Reconfigurable Supercomputing (2011)

The Novo-G supercomputer's architecture can adapt to match each application/s unique needs and thereby attain more performance with less energy than conventional machines. Reconfigurable computing can provide solutions for domain scientists at a fraction of the time and cost of traditional servers or supercomputers. As we describe here, the Novo-G machine, applications, research forum, and preliminary results are helping to pave the way for scalable reconfigurable computing.
Involvement of wild-type p53 in pre-B-cell differentiation in vitro. (1991)

Wild-type p53 protein is a growth modulator whose inactivation has been found to be a key event in malignant transformation. Reconstitution of wild-type p53 in the p53-nonproducer, Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B-cell line L12 gave rise to stably growing clones. Wild-type p53-producer derived cell lines exhibit an altered cell cycle, however. More cells with an extended G0/G1 phase were found than in the p53-nonproducer parental cell line. Furthermore, when injected into syngeneic mice, these cells induced a lower incidence of tumors and these tumors were less aggressive. Analysis of immunoglobulin expression revealed that wild-type p53 induced the expression of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin mu heavy chain. In addition, these derived cells lines exhibited increased levels of a B-cell-specific surface marker, B220. These results suggest that wild-type p53 may function as a cell differentiation factor that can induce development of pre-B cells into a more advanced stage in the pathway of B-cell maturation. In these pre-B cells, wild-type p53 may induce cell differentiation without terminal growth arrest of the cell population.
Fever-like temperature induces maturation of dendritic cells through induction of hsp90 (2003)

Fever is a phylogenetically conserved biological phenomenon and a common consequence of infection. Here, we examine in vitro and in vivo the effect of febrile temperature on dendritic cells (DC), a key antigen-presenting cell in the immune system. Elevated temperatures are observed to cause immature DC to mature, specifically through elevation of intracellular levels of hsp90. Surprisingly, even brief exposure to elevated temperatures has a powerful effect on the immunostimulatory capacity of DC. These results bear on the mechanisms of the salutary effects of fever as well as of behavioral elevations of temperature such as saunas and warm blankets.
Anhydroretinol: a naturally occurring inhibitor of lymphocyte physiology. (1993)

Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential cofactor for growth of B lymphocytes in culture and for activation of T lymphocytes by antigen receptor-mediated signals. 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol (14-HRR) a metabolite of retinol, has been implicated as the intracellular mediator of this effect. Anhydroretinol (AR) is a retinol derivative with retro structure produced in activated human B lymphocytes and the insect cell lines SF 21 and Schneider S2. AR reversibly inhibits retinol- and 14-HRR-dependent effects and blocks B lymphocyte proliferation as well as activation of resting T lymphocytes. The intracellular signaling pathway blocked by AR in T cell activation is distinct from the calcineurin/interleukin 2 pathway inhibitable by cyclosporine A or FK-506.
An illustrated anatomical ontology of the developing mouse lower urogenital tract (2015)

Malformation of the urogenital tract represents a considerable paediatric burden, with many defects affecting the lower urinary tract (LUT), genital tubercle and associated structures. Understanding the molecular basis of such defects frequently draws on murine models. However, human anatomical terms do not always superimpose on the mouse, and the lack of accurate and standardised nomenclature is hampering the utility of such animal models. We previously developed an anatomical ontology for the murine urogenital system. Here, we present a comprehensive update of this ontology pertaining to mouse LUT, genital tubercle and associated reproductive structures (E10.5 to adult). Ontology changes were based on recently published insights into the cellular and gross anatomy of these structures, and on new analyses of epithelial cell types present in the pelvic urethra and regions of the bladder. Ontology changes include new structures, tissue layers and cell types within the LUT, external genitalia and lower reproductive structures. Representative illustrations, detailed text descriptions and molecular markers that selectively label muscle, nerves/ganglia and epithelia of the lower urogenital system are also presented. The revised ontology will be an important tool for researchers studying urogenital development/malformation in mouse models and will improve our capacity to appropriately interpret these with respect to the human situation.
167. Attempts to find new antimalarials. Part XXI (1944)

M. J. S. Dewar, J. Chem. Soc., 1944, 615 DOI: 10.1039/JR9440000615
Global Manufacturing of CAR T Cell Therapy (2017)

Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells has demonstrated high response rates in patients with B cell malignancies, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is now being investigated in several hematologic and solid tumor types. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells are generated by removing T cells from a patient's blood and engineering the cells to express the chimeric antigen receptor, which reprograms the T cells to target tumor cells. As chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy moves into later-phase clinical trials and becomes an option for more patients, compliance of the chimeric antigen receptor T cell manufacturing process with global regulatory requirements becomes a topic for extensive discussion. Additionally, the challenges of taking a chimeric antigen receptor T cell manufacturing process from a single institution to a large-scale multi-site manufacturing center must be addressed. We have anticipated such concerns in our experience with the CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy CTL019. In this review, we discuss steps involved in the cell processing of the technology, including the use of an optimal vector for consistent cell processing, along with addressing the challenges of expanding chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy to a global patient population.
<title>Comparison of passive and active pixel schemes for CMOS visible imagers</title> (1998)

An active pixel sensor (APS) integrated in standard CMOS process technology is shown to be superior to an alternative passive pixel sensor (PPS). Further, the CMOS APS provides video sensitivity and SNR comparable to CCDs. Though the CMOS PPS has lower performance, it offers &gt;50% optical fill factor without microlenses and can be produced at lower cost for applications not requiring broadcast quality SNR (&gt;35 dB) under low light conditions (&lt;20 lx). APS and PPS SNRs of 50 dB and 44 dB are reported at 200 lx using green filtering with ~80 nm bandpass.
Noise suppression scheme for gigabit-scale and gigabyte/s data-rate LSI's (1998)

In order to reduce the power/ground noise due to the off-chip parasitic inductance and realize gigabit-scale and ultra-high bandwidth large scale integrations (LSI's), this paper proposes two new techniques: (1) a constant-current voltage-down converter (VDC) which reduces the differential mode noise caused by internal peak current in a chip, and (2) a partially inverted data bus architecture which suppresses the common-mode noise caused by driving a large amount of output buffers. The new VDC requires almost constant current through an external V/sub dd//V/sub ss/ pin in spite of an internal large peak current, resulting in the suppression of the inductance induced voltage bounce and oscillation. Using the new VDC, the power/ground noise in a 1-Gb DRAM is reduced to 20% of the conventional one. The new bus architecture reduces the common-mode noise to 1/n by inverting output bus data partially, using only n-1 bit flag signals. Moreover, the modified new bus architecture reduces the noise to 1/2n by using only n bit flag signals. These architectures achieve the ultra-high data transfer rate of 16 GB/s to 32 GB/s.
M-Theory inspired low energy phenomenology (1999)

In both the scalar quasi-massless SUSY breaking scenario and dilaton-dominant SUSY breaking scenario, we analyze experimental constraints to the parameter space in M theory compactified on S-1/Z(2). The sparticle spectrum and some phenomenological predictions are given.
55 nm capacitor-less 1T DRAM cell transistor with non-overlap structure (2008)

This paper presents a capacitor-less 1T DRAM cell transistor with high scalability and long retention time. It adopts gate to source/drain non-overlap structure to suppress junction leakage, which results in 80 ms retention time at 85degC with gate length of 55 nm. Compared to the previous reports, proposed cell transistor shows twice longer retention time even though the gate length shrinks to the half of them. By TCAD analysis, we have confirmed that the improvements are attributed to the superiority of the proposed device structure.
Case 15.15 (2014)

41-year-old woman with strong family history of breast cancer and a right breast stereotactic-guided biopsy of calcifications 6 months ago that demonstrated ALH. This patient subsequently underwent surgical excisional biopsy with no higher-grade lesion detected; MRI was performed for screening purposes in this high-risk patient...
Surface waves: processing, inversion and removal (2010)

In the E&amp;P seismic industry, surface waves tend to be regarded only as coherent noise that needs to be filtered out as soon as possible. Claudio Strobbia, Peter Vermeer, Andreas Laake, Anna Glushchenko and Simone Re of WesternGeco discuss a workflow for land seismic in which surface waves can be treated as a signal that can be lifted from the seismic record and exploited in a variety of geophysical solutions.
4-1BB Chimeric Antigen Receptors (2014)

In addition to T-cell receptor signals, T lymphocytes require costimulatory signals for robust activation. Among these, those mediated by 4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) are critical for tumor immunity. 4-1BB is expressed in T-cell receptor-activated lymphocytes as well as natural killer cells and other hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. 4-1BB ligation induces a signaling cascade that results in cytokine production, expression of antiapoptotic molecules, and enhanced immune responses. In line with the described function of 4-1BB, its addition to CD3ζ chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) increases their capacity to provoke T-cell expansion and antitumor activity. The results of preclinical studies with 4-1BB CARs have been corroborated by encouraging results from clinical trials. Advantages and disadvantages of 4-1BB CARs versus CARs bearing other costimulatory components remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the properties of 4-1BB, the design of 4-1BB CARs, and the function of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells expressing them.
Differential Roles of the Universal Stress Proteins of Escherichia coli in Oxidative Stress Resistance, Adhesion, and Motility (2005)

The universal stress protein (UspA) superfamily encompasses a conserved group of proteins that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Escherichia coli harbors six usp genes--uspA, -C, -D, -E, -F, and -G--the expression of which is triggered by a large variety of environmental insults. The uspA gene is important for survival during cellular growth arrest, but the exact physiological role of the Usp proteins is not known. In this work we have performed phenotypic characterization of mutants with deletions of the six different usp genes. We report on hitherto unknown functions of these genes linked to motility, adhesion, and oxidative stress resistance, and we show that usp functions are both overlapping and distinct. Both UspA and UspD are required in the defense against superoxide-generating agents, and UspD appears also important in controlling intracellular levels of iron. In contrast, UspC is not involved in stress resistance or iron metabolism but is essential, like UspE, for cellular motility. Electron microscopy demonstrates that uspC and uspE mutants are devoid of flagella. In addition, the function of the uspC and uspE genes is linked to cell adhesion, measured as FimH-mediated agglutination of yeast cells. While the UspC and UspE proteins promote motility at the expense of adhesion, the UspF and UspG proteins exhibit the exact opposite effects. We suggest that the Usp proteins have evolved different physiological functions that reprogram the cell towards defense and escape during cellular stress.