gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Choline O-Acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the BALB/C Mouse Spleen (1994)

The synthesizing enzyme, Choline-O-acetyl transferase (ChAT) (EC 2.3.1.6) and the degradation enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, have been anatomically and biochemically characterized in the thymus of the BALB/C mouse. In the present study we continue to analyze the possibility of cholinergic immunomodulation of immune tissues by determining if ChAT is present in the BALB/C mouse spleen. Our enzymatic evaluation of ChAT activity in splenic extracts revealed .05 nmoles/min/mg protein as compared to .1 nmoles/min/mg of protein activity in controls prepared from whole brain extracts. No detectable levels of ChAT activity were observed in the serum. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitating using the anti ChAT monoclonal antibody, MB16, demonstrated two bands in the brain and one band in the spleen. Membrane bound ChAT in the brain was composed of two subunits with apparent molecular weights of 28 and 50 kDa. The spleen demonstrated only one form of ChAT with an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa. Immunoprecipitation of the enzyme from both the brain and spleen resulted in a recovery of 59% and 60% of the activity respectively.
Cloning,expression and activity of recombinant human aFGF (2001)

Objective:To study the clinical application potential of aFGF and try to produce aFGF as gene engineering medicine.Methods:The complete encoding cDNA of human aFGF was isolated from human lung fibroblast with RT PCR.Recombinant human aFGF was expressed in secretory pichia expression system and purified with heparin sepharose chromatography.The activity of aFGF was detected in NIH3T3 proliferation assay,chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay(CAM) and wound healing assay.Results:The recombinant aFGF was expressed in large quantity(yield=12 mg/L) and was capable to promote proliferation of NIH3T3,angiogenesis and wound healing.Furthermore,those activities of aFGF could be agonized by recombinant FGFR extracellular domain.Conclusion:Recombinant human aFGF was expressed efficiently and possessed natural biological activities.
New Antianginal Nitro Esters with Reduced Hypotensive Activity. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 3-[(Nitrooxy)alkyl]-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-4(3H)-ones (1995)

New nitro ester 3-[(nitrooxy)alkyl]-2H-1,3-benzoxazin-4(3H)-ones show marked inhibitory activity against ischemia-induced electrocardiographic changes, with only limited systemic hemodynamic effects, and are reported in the present study. These new nitro vasodilators are potent inhibitors of the electrocardiographic T-wave and S-T segment elevation induced by intravenous or intracoronary administration of Arg-vasopressin or methacholine in the anesthetized rat. The most active compounds are up to 300- and 600-fold more potent than glyceryl trinitrate or Nicorandil, respectively. These nitro esters relax in a concentration-dependent manner the isolated rabbit aorta, at higher concentrations (2-40-fold) than glyceryl trinitrate, and reduce the mean arterial blood pressure at doses 7-300-fold higher than those required by glyceryl trinitrate to exert a similar hypotensive effect. Remarkably, these compounds retain their anti-ischemic and hemodynamic profile after oral (po) administration. These new nitro ester derivatives, endowed with a marked antianginal activity, which is not associated with concurrent and pronounced falls in systemic blood pressure, represent the leads of a new class of selective nitrovasodilators having a preferential action on large coronary vessels, which could be clinically relevant in the treatment of coronary artery diseases.
Hypertrichosis due to minoxidil (1979)

A case of hypertrichosis due to the hypotensive drug minoxidil is described. A review of the literature suggests that this complication appears in nearly all patients treated with this drug. The mechanism is unknown, but the similarity to the cases of hypertrichosis due to diazoxide, another potent vasodilator, suggests that increased cutaneous blood flow may be a factor.
Hong Kong-Shanghai: su evolución en un mundo global (1999)

We evaluate the efficacy and safety of citalopram, a potent and highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, in patients with premature ejaculation (PE). In total, 58 potent men with PE were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg oral daily citalopram (group 1, n = 29) or placebo (group 2, n = 29), during a 12-week period for each agent. Pretreatment evaluation included history and physical examination, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IVELT) evaluation, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Meares-Stamey test. The efficacy of two treatments was assessed every 2 weeks during treatment, at the end of study and in 3- and 6-month follow-up after cessation of treatment, using responses to IIEF, IVELT evaluation, mean intercourse satisfaction domain, mean weekly coitus episodes and adverse drug effects. The trial was completed by 51 (88%) men. Analysis revealed a difference in the evolution of IVELT delay over time (P < 0.001). The IVELT after citalopram and placebo gradually increased from 32 and 28 s to approximately 268 and 38 s, respectively. The mean weekly intercourse episodes increased from pretreatment values of 1.3 and 1.2 to 2.4 and 1.4, for citalopram and placebo, respectively (P < 0.05). Baseline mean intercourse satisfaction domain values of IIEF 10 and 11 reached to 16 and 10 at 12-week treatment in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean IVELT in group 1 was 210 and 198 s at 3- and 6-month follow-up, while in group 2 it was 27 and 25 s (P < 0.001), respectively. At 3- and six-month intercourse satisfaction domain values of IIEF were 15 and 14 in group 1 and 10 and 10 (P < 0.05) in group 2, respectively. Group 1 patients reported a significantly higher number of intercourse episodes per week (P < 0.05). Mean number of adverse events was 12 for citalopram and 4 for placebo (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that citalopram has significantly better results in terms of IVELT and intercourse satisfaction versus placebo. Further studies with different dosages and treatment regimens are necessary to draw final conclusions on the efficacy of this drug in PE and to prolong the efficacy.
Phage Lambda and Molecular Cloning (1983)

For more than 20 years, transducing derivatives of lambdoid phages have facilitated functional and structural analyses of bacterial genes. Restriction enzymes that make staggered cuts within specific DNA sequences (targets) produce discrete fragments with short cohesive ends (Hedgpeth et al. 1972; Mertz and Davis 1972; Bigger et al. 1973), and this discovery immediately indicated that fragments of DNA could be spliced into the severed arms of a λ vector molecule. The cohered fragments would then be joined covalently by DNA ligase (Gellert 1967), and the recombinant genomes, transducing phages, recovered by transfection of Escherichia coli (Mandel and Higa 1970). This goal was quickly realized (Murray and Murray 1974; Thomas et al. 1974), and detailed analyses of the type previously possible for only a few E. coli genes became generally applicable. The ability to insert DNA fragments from any source into plasmid and phage vectors, supplemented with the new techniques for rapid DNA sequence determination (Maxam and Gilbert 1977; Sanger et al. 1977), has already generated many exciting advances in diverse areas of molecular biology. The development of the phage λ chromosome as a receptor for fragments of DNA was assured by the availability of well-characterized deletion mutants, by the means of selecting for the loss of restriction targets and by prior identification of the essential components of the phage transcriptional circuits and replication system. The precise knowledge attained by 1972 showed the genetic engineer which regions of the λ genome could be sacrificed and, also, which special features could be...
DTL's DataSpot: Database Exploration Using Plain Language (1998)

DTL’s DataSpot is a database publishing tool that enables non-technical end users to explore a database using free-form plain language queries combined with hypertext navigation. DataSpot is based on a novel representation of data in the form of a schema-less semi-structured graph called a hyperbase. The DataSpot Publisher takes one or more possibly heterogeneous databases, predefined knowledge banks such as a thesaurus, and user-defined associations, and creates the hyperbase. The DataSpot Search Server performs searches and navigation against the hyperbase, returning answers to the user either in HTML pages or through an object API. The DataSpot product has been successfilly deployed in diverse application areas including electronic catalogs, yellow pages, classified ads, help desks and finance. I...______........._............................... ataSpot Hyperbas
Adaptation of an ion microprobe for ion bombardment of liquid metals (1977)

A technique involving a new substage assembly was developed to permit an ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) to be used as an ion bombardment facility for molten metals (lithium) without harm to the instrument from the hot, reactive samples.
Crystal Structure of Invasin: A Bacterial Integrin-Binding Protein (1999)

The Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein promotes bacterial entry by binding to host cell integrins with higher affinity than natural substrates such as fibronectin. The 2.3 angstrom crystal structure of the invasin extracellular region reveals five domains that form a 180 angstrom rod with structural similarities to tandem fibronectin type III domains. The integrin-binding surfaces of invasin and fibronectin include similarly located key residues, but in the context of different folds and surface shapes. The structures of invasin and fibronectin provide an example of convergent evolution, in which invasin presents an optimized surface for integrin binding, in comparison with host substrates.
Contribution to the Synthesis of Biped Gait (1969)

The connection between the dynamics of an object and the algorithmic level has been modified in this paper, based on two-level control. The central modification consists in introducing feedbacks, that is, a system of regulators at the level of the formed typed of gait only. Such a modification originates from the assumption that a very narrow class of gait types needs to be taken into account when generating the gait. In the paper the gait has been formed on the basis of a fixed program having a kinematic-dynamic character. The kinematic part concerns the kinematic programnmed connections for activating the lower extremities, while the dynamic part exposes appropriate changes in the characteristic coordinates of the compensation system. Such a connection with a minimum number of coordinates extends the possibility of solving the problem of equilibrium in motion for one type of gait without any particular algorithm that would take into account the motion coordinates and form out of them a stable motion at a higher algebraic level.
Identification of an Anti-Inflammatory Principle from the Stem Bark ofMillettia versicolor (2003)

The dichloromethane-soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Millettia versicolor Welw. (Leguminosae) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. The chromatographic fractionation and subsequent analysis of the spectroscopic data of this extract led to the isolation and identification of 2-acetyl-7-methoxynaphtho[2,3- b]furan-4,9-quinone (1) along with two known quinones. Pharmacological data demonstrate that compound 1 has relevant anti-inflammatory properties whereas the other two isolated compounds do not.
An Arg-Gly-Asp peptide stimulates constriction in rat afferent arteriole (1997)

The potential role of integrins in the myogenic mechanism was studied in the rat afferent arteriole (AA) by fluorescence immunolocalization and microperfusion of isolated AA. Confocal fluorescence images were acquired from frozen sections of rat kidney after indirect immunostaining for various integrin beta- and alpha-subunits. The beta 1-, beta 3-, alpha 3-, alpha 5-, and alpha V-integrins were found on the plasma membrane in smooth muscle of AA, providing the morphological basis for participation of integrins in mechanotransduction. With 1 mM nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the luminal perfusate to inhibit endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production from AA, the hexapeptide GRGDSP (10(-7)-10(-3)M) induced immediate vasoconstriction. The constriction was dose dependent and specific or peptides with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs, commonly found on the binding sites of extracellular matrix to integrins. In controls, the hexapeptide GRGESP induced no constriction. GRGDSP, 1 mM, induced a 21.6 +/- 2.6% decrease (P < 0.05, n = 6) in lumen diameter for 30 s and an 18.3 +/- 4.1% increase (P < 0.05, n = 6) in smooth muscle intracellular calcium concentration for 18 s, as measured by the emission ratio of Fluo-3/Fura Red. Binding of exogenous RGD motifs with exposed integrins on AA smooth muscle therefore triggers calcium-dependent vasoconstriction. However, the dose response to RGD was not sensitive to the myogenic tone of the vessel, which suggests that the integrin-mediated vasoconstriction is different from myogenic constriction.
SEQL: Category learning as progressive abstraction using structure mapping (2000)

The nature of categories and their acquisition is one of the central open questions in Cognitive Science. We suggest that categories are represented via structured descriptions and formed by a process of progressive abstraction, through successive comparison with incoming exemplars. This paper describes how SEQL (Skorstad, Gentner, &amp;amp; Medin, 1988), a computer model for category learning, which is based on SME (Falkenhainer et al 1986, 1989; Forbus et al 1994) can be used to simulate a recent categorization experiment (Ramscar &amp;amp; Pain, 1996), using a new algorithm, Generalization and Exemplar Learning (GEL). We demonstrate that SEQL produces behavior consistent with human subjects. Introduction Similarity is often viewed as central to categorization. For instance, prototype theories of categorization posit that categorization decisions are made on the basis of the similarity of an entity to the prototypical member of that category (Rosch 1975). However, similarity-based accou...
Candle Soot as a Template for a Transparent Robust Superamphiphobic Coating (2011)

Coating is an essential step in adjusting the surface properties of materials. Superhydrophobic coatings with contact angles greater than 150° and roll-off angles below 10° for water have been developed, based on low-energy surfaces and roughness on the nano- and micrometer scales. However, these surfaces are still wetted by organic liquids such as surfactant-based solutions, alcohols, or alkanes. Coatings that are simultaneously superhydrophobic and superoleophobic are rare. We designed an easily fabricated, transparent, and oil-rebounding superamphiphobic coating. A porous deposit of candle soot was coated with a 25-nanometer-thick silica shell. The black coating became transparent after calcination at 600°C. After silanization, the coating was superamphiphobic and remained so even after its top layer was damaged by sand impingement.
Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri‐implantitis (2002)

The aim of the present study was to characterise microbiota and inflammatory host response around implants and teeth in patients with peri-implantitis. We included 17 partly edentulous patients with a total of 98 implants, of which 45 showed marginal bone loss of more than three fixture threads after the first year of loading. Nineteen subjects with stable marginal tissue conditions served as controls. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and probing pocket depth were evaluated clinically at teeth and implants. Microbiological and crevicular fluid samples were collected from five categories of sites: 1) implants with peri-implantitis (PI), 2) stable implants (SI) in patients with both stable and peri-implantitis implants, 3) control implants (CI) in patients with stable implants alone, 4) teeth in patients (TP) and 5) controls (TC). Crevicular fluid from teeth and implants was analysed for elastase activity, lactoferrin and IL-1 beta concentrations. Elastase activity was higher at PI than at CI in controls. Lactoferrin concentration was higher at PI than at SI in patients with peri-implantitis. Higher levels of both lactoferrin and elastase activity were found at PI than at teeth in patients. The concentrations of IL-1 beta were about the same in the various sites. Microbiological DNA-probe analysis revealed a putative periodontal microflora at teeth and implants in patients and controls. Patients with peri-implantitis harboured high levels of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus and Treponema denticola. These findings indicate a site-specific inflammation rather than a patient-associated specific host response.
Development of Antiviral Drugs against Avian (H5N1) Influenza Virus (2006)

The avian influenza H5N1 virus first emerged in 1997 when it infected 18 people and killed six in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, the bird flu virus did not disappear like the SARS crisis of 2003. Instead, it re-emerged with a vengeance in 2003, when it has since killed more than 150 people worldwide, has cost the global economies in excess of US $15 billion, and has resulted in the culling of 150 million birds. These human, livestock and economic costs will grow exponentially if and when the bird flu pandemic becomes a reality. Today, as increasingly number of human clusters of avian flu deaths is reported, the world may be moving closer to another global influenza pandemic. This book aims at highlighting recent developments on the present global avian influenza virus crisis. The main emphasis of this volume is placed on better preparedness against a global pandemic. The importance in the lead role in the World Health Organization in the coordination of a pandemic preparedness plan can never been over emphasized. Rapid, real-time laboratory diagnosis of human cases from avian influenza infection will be valuable in initiating timely antiviral therapy and speed up disease isolation and containment. Recent progress in the development of conventional vaccine candidates, and improved vaccine production technologies is also addressed in this book volume. Preliminary data on the efficacy of orally inactivated heat-killed bird flu vaccine shows promise as effective vaccine but much work is needed to further evaluate its safety and efficacy. Critical research is needed more than ever for the development of novel antiviral drugs that potentially could be added to the arsenal of antiviral drugs to combat the challenges posed by the ability of the bird flu virus to develop drug-resistance and mutations. Pandemic and avian influenza viruses are also considered to be potential biothreat agents. Preventive measures to protect people against deliberate or accidental release of these deadly viruses should be considered and implemented where possible. The pattern and manner by which the bird flu virus spreads in wild and domestic birds brings a somber reminder of the difficulties and challenges in the disease outbreak containment. The editor wishes to express his heartfelt appreciation to all the outstanding authors for their invaluable contributions to this timely book volume. Special thanks are extended to Dr. S.G. Pandalai, N.J. Sudarsan, A. Gayathri of Transworld Research Network for the wonderful opportunity to make this volume a reality. The editor gratefully thanks Dr. Mary Christopher for her excellent editorial assistance. It is hoped that it would provide readers with valuable information that contribute to better education and enhanced preparedness against a future influenza pandemic.
Measurement of Antibody-dependent Infection Enhancement of Four Dengue Virus Serotypes by Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies (1990)

Although its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, data comparing each of the four dengue virus serotypes suggest that in vitro antibody-dependent infection enhancement is a reproducible and measurable phenomenon related to other serological measures of antibody-virus binding. Information characterizing infection enhancement may provide clues to disease pathogenesis for dengue and other viruses that exhibit antibody-enhanced infection. We propose criteria for the detection and quantification of in vitro antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infection based on observations using all four dengue virus serotypes, macrophage-like cell lines and human peripheral blood monocytes, and various immune sera and monoclonal antibodies. It is proposed that antibody-dependent infection enhancement is defined by the following findings: (i) significantly increased virus production is measured in quantitative assays at different points on the growth curve; (ii) assays of the virus output of cells infected with mixtures of constant amounts of virus and serial dilutions of the pre-existing antibody source produce characteristic 'enhancement profiles' of rising and falling virus output over at least a 10(-3)-fold dilution range; (iii) for each enhancing antibody source the dilution producing maximal infection enhancement is related to other serological measures of binding to the envelope, or another virus component; (iv) infection enhancement is detected with different antibody sources and virus strains (when available) tested over a range of m.o.i.; (v) other causes of enhanced virus production are ruled out.
Identification of concanavalin A receptors and galactose-binding proteins in purified plasma membranes of Dictyostelium discoideum. (1977)

Two techniques have been modified to provide simple means for the identification of molecules which bind concanavalin A (Con A). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was altered by replacing antibody with Con A, and receptors were identified by the precipitin arcs which they produced. Con A, tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate, was also diffused into prefixed sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels, and additional receptors identified by fluorescence. More than 35 molecules in the plasma membranes of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum which bind Con A were identified with these techniques. At least 12 of these diminish and 12 increase in importance as receptors during differentiation of the cells from the vegetative to the preculmination stage of development. In the course of these experiments, it was possible to confirm the presence of the galactose-binding protein discoidin, in the plasma membrane, by electrophoresing membrane proteins into an agarose gel. This lectin regains its sugar-binding activity after denaturation and electrophoresis in SDS.