gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate. A mild and efficient catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridinium p-toluenesulfonate. A mild and efficient catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcoholsMasaaki Miyashita, Akira Yoshikoshi, and Paul A. GriecoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 23, 3772–3774Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00443a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00443a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12490Altmetric-Citations683LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Pyr 1 ]Apelin-13 Identified as the Predominant Apelin Isoform in the Human Heart (2009)

Apelin receptors, present on vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelium, and cardiomyocytes, are activated by the family of apelin peptides to elicit cardiovascular effects in experimental animals, but functional activity in humans has not been studied in detail. We detected low levels of apelin immunoreactivity in plasma of volunteers consistent with an autocrine/paracrine action and detected apelin immunoreactivity in the supernatant from human cultured endothelial cells. We found that [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 was the predominant isoform in cardiac tissue from patients with coronary artery disease. We tested the hypothesis that apelins have vascular and cardiac actions in human tissues in vitro and compared responses to [Pyr(1)]apelin-13, apelin-13, and apelin-36. In endothelium-intact mammary artery, all 3 of the apelins induced concentration-dependent vasodilatation with comparable potency (EC(50): 0.6 to 1.6 nM; maximum response: 40% to 50%). Vasodilatation was abolished after endothelial removal or preincubation with indomethacin but was unaffected by preincubation with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating involvement of prostanoids but not NO in dilatation by apelins in this patient group. Apelins were potent constrictors of endothelium-denuded saphenous vein (EC(50): 0.6 to 1.6 nM; maximum response: 17% to 26%) and mammary artery ([Pyr(1)]apelin-13; EC(50): 0.2 nM; maximum response: 29%). In paced atrial strips, all 3 of the peptides increased the force of contraction with subnanomolar potencies (EC(50): 40 to 125 pM). For the first time, we demonstrate that the 3 principal forms of apelin have comparable potency and efficacy in human cardiovascular tissues. Apelins are potent endothelium-dependent vasodilators acting via a prostanoid-dependent mechanism; however, removal of the endothelium revealed direct vasoconstrictor actions in both the artery and vein. Furthermore, in human cardiac tissue, the apelin peptides are among the most potent endogenous positive inotropic agents yet reported.
Exploiting Parallelism and Vectorisation in Breadth-First Search for the Intel Xeon Phi (2019)

Modern applications generate massive amounts of data that is challenging to process or analyse. Graph algorithms have emerged as a solution for the analysis of such data because they can represent the entities participating in the generation of large-scale datasets in terms of vertices and their relationships in terms of edges. Graph analysis algorithms are used for finding patterns within these relationships, aiming to extract information to be further analysed. The breadth-first search (BFS) is one of the main graph search algorithms used for graph analysis and its optimisation has been widely researched using different parallel computers. However, the parallelisation of BFS has been shown to be challenging because of its inherent characteristics, including irregular memory access patterns, data dependencies and workload imbalance, that limit its scalability. This paper investigates the optimisation of the BFS on the Xeon Phi (Knights Corner), a modern parallel architecture provided with an advanced vector processor supporting the AVX-512 instruction set, using a bespoke development framework integrated with the Graph 500 benchmark. In addition, to demonstrate portability, we show results for a direct port of the algorithms to a more recent version of the Xeon Phi (Knights Landing) and to a Skylake CPU which supports most of the AVX-512 instruction set. Optimised parallel versions of two high-level algorithms for BFS were created using vectorisation, starting with the conventional top-down BFS algorithm and, building on this, a hybrid BFS algorithm. On the KNC our best implementations result in speedups of 1.37x (top-down) and 1.37x (hybrid), for a one million vertices graph, compared to the state-of-the-art. On the KNL and Skylake, the performance is higher than on KNC. In addition, we show results of our best hybrid algorithm on real-world graphs from the SNAP datasets with speedups up to 1.3x on KNC. Performance on KNL and Skylake is again higher, demonstrating the robustness and portability of our algorithm. The hybrid BFS algorithm can be further used to speed up other graph analysis algorithms and the lessons learned from vectorisation can be applied to other algorithms targeting existing and future models of the Xeon Phi and other advanced vector architectures.
Effect of Combined Administration of Lansoprazole and Sofalcone on Microvascular and Connective Tissue Regeneration After Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage (1998)

We undertook the present study to clarify the alteration of localization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endothelial cells, and myofibroblasts in the healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage by the combined administration of lansoprazole and sofalcone. Wistar strain male rats were used. Ethanol 50% was given through orogastric intubation. Thirty minutes later, an aqueous solution of lansoprazole, sofalcone, a combination of lansoprazole and sofalcone, or physiologic saline was given orally. The stomach was removed and the localization of bFGF, myofibroblast, and endothelial cells was examined using monoclonal antibodies. Some rats were pretreated with indomethacin to rule out the effect of endogenous prostaglandin. The combined administration of lansoprazole and sofalcone brought about increased concentrations and immunoreactive areas of bFGF and a greater number of endothelial cells, compared with the ethanol-alone treatment. The number of myofibroblasts increased more significantly in the group treated with a combination of agents than in that treated with ethanol alone, ethanol plus sofalcone, or ethanol plus lansoprazole. Indomethacin pretreatment partly abolished the effects of single and combined administration of these agents. In conclusion, the mixed administration of lansoprazole and sofalcone accelerated the microvascular and connective tissue regeneration during the healing of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage.
Isolation and sequence of a cDNA encoding the Jerusalem artichoke cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, a major plant cytochrome P450 involved in the general phenylpropanoid pathway. (1993)

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase [CA4H; trans-cinnamate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (4-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.13.11] is a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the first oxygenation step of the general phenylpropanoid metabolism in higher plants. The compounds formed are essential for lignification and defense against predators and pathogens. We recently reported the purification of this enzyme from Mn(2+)-induced Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber tissues. Highly selective polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein were used to screen a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library from wound-induced Jerusalem artichoke, allowing isolation of a 1130-base-pair insert. Typical P450 domains were identified in this incomplete sequence, which was used as a probe for the isolation of a 1.7-kilobase clone in a lambda gt10 library. A full-length open reading frame of 1515 base pairs, encoding a P450 protein of 505 residues (M(r) = 57,927), was sequenced. The N terminus, essentially composed of hydrophobic residues, matches perfectly the microsequenced N terminus of the purified protein. The calculated pI is 9.78, in agreement with the chromatographic behavior and two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of CA4H. Synthesis of the corresponding mRNA is induced in wounded plant tissues, in correlation with CA4H enzymatic activity. This P450 protein exhibits the most similarity (28% amino acid identity) with avocado CYP71, but also good similarity with CYP17 and CYP21, or with CYP1 and CYP2 families. According to current criteria, it qualifies as a member of a new P450 family.
Pericytes and the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy (2002)

Pericytes provide vascular stability and control endothelial proliferation. Pericyte loss, microaneurysms, and acellular capillaries are characteristic for the diabetic retina. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B is involved in pericyte recruitment, and brain capillaries of mice with a genetic ablation of PDGF-B show pericyte loss and microaneurysms. We investigated the role of capillary coverage with pericytes in early diabetic retinopathy and the contribution to proliferative retinopathy using mice with a single functional allele of PDGF-B (PDGF-B(+/-) mice). As assessed by quantitative morphometry of retinal digest preparations, pericyte numbers in nondiabetic PDGF-B(+/-) mice were reduced by 30% compared with wild-type mice, together with a small but significant increase in acellular capillaries. Pericyte numbers were reduced by 40% in diabetic wild-type mice compared with nondiabetic wild-type controls. Pericyte numbers were decreased by 50% in diabetic PDGF-B(+/-) mice compared with nondiabetic wild-type littermates, and the incidence of acellular capillaries was increased 3.5-fold when compared with nondiabetic PDGF-B(+/-) mice. To investigate the effect of pericyte loss in the context of ongoing angiogenesis, we subjected mice to hypoxia-induced proliferative retinopathy. As a result, PDGF-B(+/-) mice developed twice as many new blood vessels as their wild-type littermates. We conclude that retinal capillary coverage with pericytes is crucial for the survival of endothelial cells, particularly under stress conditions such as diabetes. At high vascular endothelial growth factor levels, such as those in the retinopathy of prematurity model, pericyte deficiency leads to reduced inhibition of endothelial proliferation in vivo.
A Low-Temperature Solution Phase Route for the Synthesis of Silicon Nanoclusters (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Low-Temperature Solution Phase Route for the Synthesis of Silicon NanoclustersRichard A. Bley and Susan M. KauzlarichView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of California Davis, California 95616 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 49, 12461–12462Publication Date (Web):December 11, 1996Publication History Received8 August 1996Published online11 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962787shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962787srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2953Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Nanoparticles,Semiconducting nanostructured materials,Silicon,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Plant Expansins Are a Complex Multigene Family with an Ancient Evolutionary Origin (2002)

Expansins are a group of extracellular proteins that directly modify the mechanical properties of plant cell walls, leading to turgor-driven cell extension. Within the completely sequenced Arabidopsis genome, we identified 38 expansin sequences that fall into three discrete subfamilies. Based on phylogenetic analysis and shared intron patterns, we propose a new, systematic nomenclature of Arabidopsis expansins. Further phylogenetic analysis, including expansin sequences found here in monocots, pine (Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda), fern (Regnellidium diphyllum, Marsilea quadrifolia), and moss (Physcomitrella patens) indicate that the three plant expansin subfamilies arose and began diversifying very early in, if not before, colonization of land by plants. Closely related "expansin-like" sequences were also identified in the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoidium, suggesting that these wall-modifying proteins have a very deep evolutionary origin.
Specific detection and analysis of a probiotic Bifidobacterium strain in infant feces (1996)

For specific detection of the probiotic Bifidobacterium sp. strain LW420 in infant feces and for rapid quality control of this strain in culture, three strain-specific 16S rRNA gene-targeted primers have been developed. These primers allow specific detection of the organism via PCR. Specificity of the primers was determined in DNA samples isolated from single-strain and mixed cultures of bifidobacteria and in heterogenous fecal samples. The feasibility of this method for use in specific detection of probiotic strains was investigated through addition of Bifidobacterium sp. strain LW420 to infant instant milk formula (IMF) and PCR analyses of bacterial DNA isolated from feces of 17 newborn IMF-fed infants. In feces of all nine babies that had been fed with the probiotic IMF, the strain-specific PCR signal could be detected. No signal was found in feces of the eight infants that had been fed with a nonprobiotic IMF, demonstrating the specificity of the PCR method. All 17 infants developed a major fecal Bifidobacterium population already after 3 days, as determined through genus-specific and strain-specific PCR. Phenotypical screening of Bifidobacterium sp. strain LW420 and analysis of homology of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain with that of other bifidobacteria deposited in databases do not allow positive classification of LW420 among the currently known species of Bifidobacterium.
Identification of a frizzled‐like cysteine rich domain in the extracellular region of developmental receptor tyrosine kinases (1998)

In Drosophila, members of the Frizzled family of tissue-polarity genes encode proteins that appear to function as cell-surface receptors for Wnts. The Frizzled genes belong to the seven transmembrane class of receptors (7TMR) and have on their extracellular region a cysteine-rich domain that has been implicated as the Wnt binding domain. This region has a characteristic spacing of ten cysteines, which has also been identified in FrzB (a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling) and Smoothened (another 7TMR, which is involved in suppression of the hedgehog pathway). We have identified, using BLAST, sequence similarity between the cysteine-rich domain of Frizzled and several receptor tyrosine kinases, which have roles in development. These include the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), the neuronal specific kinase (NSK2), and ROR1 and ROR2. At present, the ligands for these developmental tyrosine kinases are unknown. Our results suggest that Wnt-like ligands may bind to these developmental tyrosine kinases.
Relationship Between the Envelope and the Infectivity of Herpes Simplex Virus. (1964)

Crude herpes virus suspensions were fractionated by the cesium chloride density gradient sedimentation method into enveloped and naked virus particles. Particles without envelopes were found to be almost non-infectious, whereas fractions containing enveloped particles were highly infectious. It appears, therefore, that the envelope plays an essential role in herpes virus infection.
Microstrip Loop Radiators for Medical Applications (1982)

Three microstrip loop radiators designed to operate at frequencies of 433, 915, and 1300 MHz are described. Empirical design methods and experimental results obtained with phantoms and human tissues are presented. The radiators are relatively well matched when applied to water boluses followed by muscle phantoms or human tissues. When used with the boluses, the radiators have circular surface-temperature distribution while the in-depth heating patterns are similar to those of the aperture-type radiators.
Anti-CD47 Treatment Stimulates Phagocytosis of Glioblastoma by M1 and M2 Polarized Macrophages and Promotes M1 Polarized Macrophages In Vivo (2016)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent an important cellular subset within the glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) microenvironment and are a potential therapeutic target. TAMs display a continuum of different polarization states between antitumorigenic M1 and protumorigenic M2 phenotypes, with a lower M1/M2 ratio correlating with worse prognosis. Here, we investigated the effect of macrophage polarization on anti-CD47 antibody-mediated phagocytosis of human glioblastoma cells in vitro, as well as the effect of anti-CD47 on the distribution of M1 versus M2 macrophages within human glioblastoma cells grown in mouse xenografts. Bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages and peripheral blood-derived human macrophages were polarized in vitro toward M1 or M2 phenotypes and verified by flow cytometry. Primary human glioblastoma cell lines were offered as targets to mouse and human M1 or M2 polarized macrophages in vitro. The addition of an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody led to enhanced tumor-cell phagocytosis by mouse and human M1 and M2 macrophages. In both cases, the anti-CD47-induced phagocytosis by M1 was more prominent than that for M2. Dissected tumors from human glioblastoma xenografted within NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice and treated with anti-CD47 showed a significant increase of M1 macrophages within the tumor. These data show that anti-CD47 treatment leads to enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis by both M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes with a higher phagocytosis rate by M1 macrophages. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that anti-CD47 treatment alone can shift the phenotype of macrophages toward the M1 subtype in vivo.
Analogs of cyclosporin A modified at the D-Ala8 position. (1992)

The conversion of [2-deutero-3-fluoro-D-Ala8]cyclosporin A (1) to a dehydroalanine analog [delta-Ala8]cyclosporin A (2) was achieved with lithium diisopropylamide in THF at low temperature. This dehydro compound is a useful intermediate for the preparation of position 8 analogs of cyclosporin A formed from it by the conjugate addition of thiol compounds. NMR conformational studies have provided evidence for the restoration of D-stereochemistry in the modified Ala8 residues. The preparation of several of these cyclosporin analogs and their bioactivities are described.
Bispecific antibodies increase T-cell stimulatory capacity in vitro of human autologous virus-modified tumor vaccine. (1998)

The production and functional testing of two new bispecific (bs) hybrid antibodies [Abs; bs Ab hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) x CD3 and bs Ab HN x CD28] designed for cancer vaccine modification are described. They allow distinct modifications of the human tumor cell vaccine ATV-NDV, an autologous tumor cell vaccine already modified by infection with Newcastle disease virus. The bs Abs use the viral HN molecule as a common foreign anchoring molecule for attachment to the tumor cells and allow the introduction of anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 T-cell-stimulatory molecules. The bs Abs attached to tumor target cells were able to cross-link CTL effector cells and up-regulate T-cell activation markers on autologous cancer patient-derived CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. This strategy of combining a cellular vaccine with a bs Ab is highly specific, quick, and economical and has broad-range applications. Five ng or less of target cell-bound bs Ab HN x CD28 were effective at augmenting T-cell-mediated antitumor cytotoxicity.
In situ determination of refractive index and size of Bacillus spores by light transmission (2005)

Light-extinction measurements in the wavelength range of 400 to 1000 nm are performed in situ on Bacillus subtilis endospores during heat-shock-induced activation. Simultaneous information on particle size and refractive indices during activation is calculated from the transmission spectra by use of the Gaussian ray approximation of anomalous diffraction theory. During activation the refractive index of the core decreases from 1.51 to 1.39, and the size increases from 0.38 to 0.6 microm.
Associations of common variants in HFE and TMPRSS6 with iron parameters are independent of serum hepcidin in a general population: a replication study (2013)

Our results do not support an intermediate role for hepcidin in the SNP-iron parameter associations, which confirms previous findings, and indicate a pleiotropic SNP effect on the hepcidin ratios and the iron parameters. Taken together, this suggests that there might be other, yet unknown, serum hepcidin independent mechanisms which play a role in the association of HFE and TMPRSS6 variants with serum iron parameters.
A cytosine deaminase for programmable single-base RNA editing (2019)

Programmable RNA editing enables reversible recoding of RNA information for research and disease treatment. Previously, we developed a programmable adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing approach by fusing catalytically inactivate RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 (dCas13) with the adenine deaminase domain of ADAR2. Here, we report a cytidine-to-uridine (C-to-U) RNA editor, referred to as RNA Editing for Specific C-to-U Exchange (RESCUE), by directly evolving ADAR2 into a cytidine deaminase. RESCUE doubles the number of mutations targetable by RNA editing and enables modulation of phosphosignaling-relevant residues. We apply RESCUE to drive β-catenin activation and cellular growth. Furthermore, RESCUE retains A-to-I editing activity, enabling multiplexed C-to-U and A-to-I editing through the use of tailored guide RNAs.