gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pushing the Band Gap Envelope:  Mid-Infrared Emitting Colloidal PbSe Quantum Dots (2004)

Efficient mid-infrared sources are of considerable general interest for gas analysis, remote sensing, and atmospheric monitoring, but existing technologies are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of the first colloidal QDs having photoluminescence (PL) in the mid-infrared. We show particle-size-tunable mid-infrared emission for large (10-17 nm), but quantum-confined, colloidal PbSe QDs, with efficient, narrow-bandwidth PL at energies as low as 0.30 eV (4.1 mum). Applying two new synthetic routes, we have achieved fine control of QD size and size distribution, allowing us to provide the first systematic correlation of QD size with PL energy for PbSe QDs emitting at wavelengths longer than 2 mum, results which are compared with a literature model. For the entire spectral range reported, we provide measured quantum yields in emission, showing a marked decrease with increasing QD size, for which we include a possible explanation. Finally, we present very promising preliminary results for overcoating PbSe with CdSe, a wider-gap semiconductor. We show PL enhanced by approximately 6-fold for such core/shell samples.
Microwave and Rf Design of Wireless Systems (2000)

From the Publisher:
This book offers a quantitative and design-oriented presentation of the analog RF aspects of modern wireless telecommunications and data transmission systems from the antenna to the baseband level. It takes an integrated approach to topics such as antennas and proagation, microwave systems and circuits and communication systems.
Capillary zone electrophoretic separation of peptides and proteins using low pH buffers in modified silica capillaries (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary zone electrophoretic separation of peptides and proteins using low pH buffers in modified silica capillariesRandy M. McCormickCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 21, 2322–2328Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00172a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00172a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1500Altmetric-Citations540LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gibbs vs Boltzmann Entropies (1965)

The status of the Gibbs and Boltzmann expressions for entropy has been a matter of some confusion in the literature. We show that: (1) the Gibbs H function yields the correct entropy as defined in phenomenological thermodynamics; (2) the Boltzmann H yields an “entropy” that is in error by a nonnegligible amount whenever interparticle forces affect thermodynamic properties; (3) Boltzmann's other interpretation of entropy, S = k log W, is consistent with the Gibbs H, and derivable from it; (4) the Boltzmann H theorem does not constitute a demonstration of the second law for dilute gases; (5) the dynamical invariance of the Gibbs H gives a simple proof of the second law for arbitrary interparticle forces; (6) the second law is a special case of a general requirement for any macroscopic process to be experimentally reproducible. Finally, the “anthropomorphic” nature of entropy, on both the statistical and phenomenological levels, is stressed.
Angiotensin degradation products mediate endothelium-dependent dilation of rabbit brain arterioles. (1991)

This study demonstrates that the hexapeptide angiotensin II-(3-8) and L-arginine, generated through enzymatic degradation of angiotensin, mediate endothelium-dependent dilation in rabbit brain arterioles. Topical application of angiotensin II (10(-5) M) on the brain surface of anesthetized rabbits caused 21.6 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM) cerebral arteriolar dilation. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not change this dilation. The natural degradation product of angiotensin II in the brain, angiotensin III, also induced vasodilation at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-5) M. The dilation to angiotensin II and angiotensin III was eliminated in the presence of 10(-5) M methylene blue, a known inhibitor of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Amastatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor and blocker of enzymatic angiotensin degradation, also inhibited the response to angiotensin II and angiotensin III. The angiotensin fragment angiotensin II-(3-8), which lacks the amino-terminal L-arginine residue of angiotensin III, did not elicit an arteriolar response. When angiotensin II-(3-8) was topically applied subsequent to L-arginine, a 21.2 +/- 2.9% vasodilation was observed. L-Arginine itself induced only moderate vasodilation with a maximum of 4.0 +/- 0.9% at 10(-5) M L-arginine. The dilating response to angiotensin II-(3-8) after L-arginine was inhibited by methylene blue. It was not affected by amastatin. It is concluded that degradation products of angiotensin, rather than angiotensin II itself, induce endothelium-dependent dilation in rabbit brain arterioles without involvement of cyclooxygenase products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multi-provider patient portals get big boost with ONC ruling (2013)

Is it time for you to dump your traditional patient portal, which draws on records from only a single physician's electronic health record system?
Dispersion-managed soliton interactions in optical fibers (1997)

We simulated dispersion-managed soliton propagation and interaction in optical fibers. The energy-enhancement factor, together with the time-bandwidth product and the stretching factor, were calculated as a function of the difference in absolute values of accumulated dispersion in the fiber spans. The interaction strength of the dispersion-managed solitons was found to depend on the stretching factor. When this factor is less than 1.5, the interaction is weaker than for ideal solitons. When it is more than 1.5, there is a strong interaction between the pulses, which constrains the energy enhancement for practical applications.
A two‐phase model of B‐cell activation (2000)

The current paradigm of lymphocyte activation, the two-signal model, has developed from the premise that recognition of antigen alone is insufficient to stimulate naive B cells, as this could potentially induce autoreactive responses, and that cognate T-B interaction is necessary to induce a full B-cell response. Recent evidence suggests, however, that T-cell-independent B-cell activation is part of the humoral immune response to pathogens, and therefore that antigen alone, or antigen plus signals provided by cells other than T cells, can provide all the necessary signals to induce a B-cell response. Furthermore, the presence of secreted IgM produced either as natural antibodies by CD5+ B-1 cells or as antigen-induced IgM by conventional (B-2) cells was shown to affect the kinetics and magnitude of the IgG response significantly. These data and the observed rapid kinetics of in vivo humoral responses seem at odds with a model that predicts that full B-cell activation and expansion is delayed until sufficient T-cell help is generated. I will therefore argue here that, in response to an infection, initial clonal B-cell expansion and secretion of IgM occurs in a T-cell-independent fashion (phase I) driven by the presence of antigen, and that secreted IgM serves as an autocrine growth factor at this time. B-cell-T-cell interaction occurs only during phase II of the response, thereby initiating the germinal center reaction, isotype switching and memory B-cell development. Hence, this model provides an explanation of how B-cell responses are induced rapidly in vivo at a time when T-cell help is rare.
Mutations Affecting the Cytochrome d-Containing Oxidase Complex of Escherichia coli K12: Identification and Mapping of a Fourth Locus, cydD (1989)

A mutant of Escherichia coli K12 has been isolated affected in a gene, designated cydD, distinct from the three previously described loci involved in the synthesis of assembly of the cytochrome bd oxidase complex. The mutant, obtained by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, lacks the spectroscopically detectable components of this oxidase, namely cytochromes b558, b595 and d. Cytochrome oxidase o is the sole CO-binding cytochrome in membranes of the mutant, but the soluble haemoprotein b-590 and catalase activity appear unaffected. Discrimination between Cyd+ and Cyd- strains is facilitated by the development of a defined low-phosphate medium that allows the inclusion of Zn2+ as well as azide, inhibitors of respiratory electron transfer particularly via cytochrome o. Mapping with F-prime factors and by P1 cotransductional frequencies shows the mutation to map near 19.3 min on the E. coli chromosome, distinct from cydC, which maps at 18.9 min. The gene order in this region was tested in a three-factor cross and demonstrates the order zbj::Tn10(YYC199)-cydD-aroA, consistent with cotransduction frequencies.
Hidden Understanding Models for Machine Translation (1999)

We demonstrate the portability of a stochastic method for understanding natural language from a setting of human-machine interactions (ATIS- Air Travel Information Services and MASK-Multimodal Multimedia Automated Service Kiosk) into the more open one of human-to-human interactions. The application we use is the English Spontaneous Speech Task (ESST) for multilingual appointment scheduling. Spoken language systems developed for this task translate spontaneous conversational speech among different languages. 1.
Preparation and properties of a graphene reinforced nanocomposite conducting plate (2010)

This study presents a novel nanocomposite conducting plate (CP) reinforced by graphene at a low weight fraction percentage, and compares the properties of this novel nanocomposite CP with those containing various weight fractions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (0.2, 0.5, and 1 phr). Adding only 0.2 phr of graphene as reinforcement remarkably enhanced the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the nanocomposite CP. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of nanocomposite CP below the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased from 49.7 μm−1 m °C−1 to 26.9 μm−1 m °C−1 and the CTE above Tg decreased from 119.2 μm−1 m°C−1 to 55.2 μm−1 m °C−1. Thermal conductivity increased from 18.4 W m−1 K−1 to 27.2 W m−1 K−1. The flexural strength increased from to 28.0 MPa to 49.2 MPa. The in-plane electrical conductivity increased from 155.7 S cm−1 to 286.4 S cm−1. The enhancement percentages of these properties are 47.8%, 75.7%, and 83.9%, respectively, which are much higher than that of the original composite CP. These results indicate that using graphene as reinforcement in the preparation of nanocomposite CP is effective in terms of cost and performance, because of the low cost the raw material, graphite, and the fact that a lower loading of graphene than of MWCNT can yield the same performance. Moreover, this novel multi-functional nanocomposite CP has wide potential for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) counter electrode, and vanadium redox battery (VRB) applications.
Interactions of growth factors and retroviral oncogenes with mitogenic signal transduction pathways of Balb/MK keratinocytes. (1988)

Balb/MK epidermal keratinocytes require epidermal growth factor (EGF) for growth in serum-containing medium and terminally differentiate in response to high Ca++ concentration. Several oncogenic retroviruses have been shown to relieve the EGF requirement and to block calcium-induced terminal differentiation. We developed a chemically defined medium to investigate the minimum growth factor requirements for Balb/MK cells, as well as how such requirements might be altered by retroviral oncogenes. In this medium insulin, apparently acting as IGF-1, and EGF supported cell growth in a manner comparable to serum and EGF. Acidic as well as basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) substituted for EGF but not insulin in supporting Balb/MK proliferation. Infection with retroviruses containing v-ras oncogenes (v-H-ras, v-Ki-ras), oncogenes derived from growth factor receptors (v-erbB, v-fms) or the v-mos oncogene permitted growth in defined medium containing insulin but lacking EGF. The v-fgr oncogene, a member of the src subfamily, was unique in conferring independence from both insulin and EGF. Our findings establish the applicability of this system for biologic assay of epithelial cell growth factors as well as identification of specific growth factor requirements that can be altered or complemented by the actions of specific oncogenes.
Growth of Quantum-Confined Indium Phosphide inside MCM-41 (1998)

An array of analytical techniques comprising powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and UV/vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been applied to study the incorporation of indium phosphide semiconductor inside MCM-41 materials by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Line broadening in the X-ray diffraction patterns suggests the existence of both large surface deposited indium phosphide particles and nanosized indium phosphide particles deposited within the pores. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy corroborates this result: surface deposits have been imaged, and analysis of electron diffraction patterns provides evidence of the existence of nanoparticles. Nitrogen adsorption provides information on pore filling. Quantum-confinement effects, brought about by the nanoparticle size regime, are evidenced by upfield shifting of the indium phosphide resonance in the 31P magic-angle-spinning NMR spectra and by blue shifting of the band gap dependent transition in the UV/vis absorption spectra.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequences of the Complementary and Genomic DNAs for the Alkaline Protease fromAcremonium chrysogenum (1991)

Complementary DNA encoding Ac. chrysogenum alkaline protease (Alp) was isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum ATCC11550 cDNA library by express-blot assay. The genomic DNAs encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp were isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum genomic DNA library using the cloned cDNA as a probe. The 3150 nucleotides of the gene were sequenced. The prepro-Alp consists of 402 amino acids and two intervening sequences are found within the coding region. The amino acid sequence of Ac. chrysogenum Alp has 57% homology to that of Aspergillus oryzae Alp. The entire cDNA, encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp, when introducing into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, directed the secretion of enzymatically active Alp into the culture medium.
Mathematical Modeling of a Primary Zinc/Air Battery (1992)

The mathematical model developed by Sunu and Bennion has been extended to include the separator, precipitation of both solid and , and the air electrode, and has been used to investigate the behavior of a primary Zn‐Air battery with respect to battery design features. Predictions obtained from the model indicate that anode material utilization is predominantly limited by depletion of the concentration of hydroxide ions. The effect of electrode thickness on anode material utilization is insignificant, whereas material loading per unit volume has a great effect on anode material utilization; a higher loading lowers both the anode material utilization and delivered capacity. Use of a thick separator will increase the anode material utilization, but may reduce the cell voltage.
Fluorine‐Directed β‐Galactosylation: Chemical Glycosylation Development by Molecular Editing (2012)

Validation of the 2-fluoro substituent as an inert steering group to control chemical glycosylation is presented. A molecular editing study has revealed that the exceptional levels of diastereocontrol in glycosylation processes by using 2-fluoro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (TCA) scaffolds are a consequence of the 2R,3S,4S stereotriad. This study has also revealed that epimerization at C4, results in a substantial enhancement in β-selectivity (up to β/α 300:1).
Joint density of electronic states for one isolated single-wall carbon nanotube studied by resonant Raman scattering (2001)

Resonant Raman scattering (RRS) measurements made with a tunable laser provide a highly reliable technique to study the shape of the joint density of electronic states (JDOS) of isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). RRS can be used to determine the energy value for the one-dimensional (1D) van Hove singularities of a SWNT with a precision better than 5 meV, thereby providing important information that could be used for subsequent measurements on this same SWNT. With RRS, the measured width of the JDOS is on the order of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\ensuremath{-}1.0\mathrm{meV},$ further demonstrating that SWNTs really provide a remarkably good model for 1D mesoscopic systems.
A Novel Ring-Substituted Diindolylmethane,1,1-Bis[3′-(5-Methoxyindolyl)]-1-(p-t-Butylphenyl) Methane, Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2005)

We investigated the antileukemic activity and molecular mechanisms of action of a newly synthesized ring-substituted diindolylmethane derivative, 1,1-bis[3'-(5-methoxyindolyl)]-1-(p-t-butylphenyl) methane (DIM #34), in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells. DIM #34 inhibited AML cell growth via the induction of apoptosis and abrogated clonogenic growth of primary AML samples. Exposure to DIM #34 induced loss of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and caspase activation. Bcl-2-overexpressing, Bax knockout, and caspase-9-deficient cells were partially resistant to cell death, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, DIM #34 transiently inhibited the phosphorylation and activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and abrogated Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Because other methylene-substituted diindolylmethane analogues have been shown to transactivate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), we studied the role of PPARgamma in apoptosis induction. Cotreatment of cells with a selective PPARgamma antagonist or with retinoid X receptor and retinoic acid receptor ligands partially modulated apoptosis when combined with DIM #34, suggesting PPARgamma receptor-dependent and receptor-independent cell death. Together, these findings suggest that diindolylmethanes are a new class of compounds that selectively induce apoptosis in AML cells through the modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and PPARgamma signaling pathways.
Functional interactions between BRCA1 and the checkpoint kinase ATR during genotoxic stress (2000)

The BRCA1 gene encodes a tumor suppressor that is mutated in 50% of familial breast cancers. The BRCA1 protein has been implicated in the DNA damage response, as DNA damage induces the phosphorylation of BRCA1 and causes its recruitment into nuclear foci that contain DNA repair proteins. The ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene product controls overall BRCA1 phosphorylation in response to gamma-irradiation (IR). In this study, we show that BRCA1 phosphorylation is only partially ATM dependent in response to IR and ATM independent in response to treatment with UV light, or the DNA replication inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU) and aphidicolin (APH). We provide evidence that the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation is the ATM-related kinase, ATR. ATR phosphorylates BRCA1 on six Ser/Thr residues, including Ser 1423, in vitro. Increased expression of ATR enhanced the phosphorylation of BRCA1 on Ser 1423 following cellular exposure to HU or UV light, whereas doxycycline-induced expression of a kinase-inactive ATR mutant protein inhibited HU- or UV light-induced Ser 1423 phosphorylation in GM847 fibroblasts, and partially suppressed the phosphorylation of this site in response to IR. Thus, ATR, like ATM, controls BRCA1 phosphorylation in vivo. Although ATR isolated from DNA-damaged cells does not show enhanced kinase activity in vitro, we found that ATR responds to DNA damage and replication blocks by forming distinct nuclear foci at the sites of stalled replication forks. Furthermore, ATR nuclear foci overlap with the nuclear foci formed by BRCA1. The dramatic relocalization of ATR in response to DNA damage points to a possible mechanism for its ability to enhance the phosphorylation of substrates in response to DNA damage. Together, these results demonstrate that ATR and BRCA1 are components of the same genotoxic stress-responsive pathway, and that ATR directly phosphorylates BRCA1 in response to damaged DNA or stalled DNA replication.
Binder free three-dimensional sulphur/few-layer graphene foam cathode with enhanced high-rate capability for rechargeable lithium sulphur batteries (2014)

A novel ultra-lightweight three-dimensional (3-D) cathode system for lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries has been synthesised by loading sulphur on to an interconnected 3-D network of few-layered graphene (FLG) via a sulphur solution infiltration method. A free-standing FLG monolithic network foam was formed as a negative of a Ni metallic foam template by CVD followed by etching away of Ni. The FLG foam offers excellent electrical conductivity, an appropriate hierarchical pore structure for containing the electro-active sulphur and facilitates rapid electron/ion transport. This cathode system does not require any additional binding agents, conductive additives or a separate metallic current collector thus decreasing the weight of the cathode by typically ∼20-30 wt%. A Li-S battery with the sulphur-FLG foam cathode shows good electrochemical stability and high rate discharge capacity retention for up to 400 discharge/charge cycles at a high current density of 3200 mA g(-1). Even after 400 cycles the capacity decay is only ∼0.064% per cycle relative to the early (e.g. the 5th cycle) discharge capacity, while yielding an average columbic efficiency of ∼96.2%. Our results indicate the potential suitability of graphene foam for efficient, ultra-light and high-performance batteries.