gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maori spiritual beliefs and attitudes towards organ donation. (2003)

Organ transplantation is widely agreed to be beneficial to health. Many transplantations involve donation from the deceased. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, Maori both donate and receive proportionally fewer organs than non-Maori. This paper seeks illumination of this fact in unique Maori spiritual beliefs. These spiritual beliefs are not held by all Maori, and their role in an individual's life may vary, nonetheless they constitute a living tradition. Because cadaveric donation involves removal of organs from the dead person as soon after death as possible, considerations arise about customary rules and observances and the movement between the realm of the living and the dead. This may raise concerns for donors, recipients, and their respective whanau (extended family). In some cases, these concerns may form a consideration against donating posthumously.
Plasmonic Nanolithography (2004)

In this paper, we demonstrate high-density nanolithography by utilizing surface plasmons (SPs). SPs are excited on an aluminum substrate perforated with 2-D hole arrays using a near UV light source in order to resolve sub-wavelength features with high transmission. Our lithography experiments using a 365 nm wavelength light source demonstrate 90 nm dot array patterns on a 170 nm period, well beyond the diffraction limit of far-field optical lithography. In far-field transmission measurements, strong UV light transmission and the wavelength-dependent transmission are observed, which confirms the contribution of SPs. Furthermore, an exposure with larger spacing between the mask and photoresist has been explored for potential noncontact lithography.
A pixel dissimilarity measure that is insensitive to image sampling (1998)

Because of image sampling, traditional measures of pixel dissimilarity can assign a large value to two corresponding pixels in a stereo pair, even in the absence of noise and other degrading effects. We propose a measure of dissimilarity that is provably insensitive to sampling because it uses the linearly interpolated intensity functions surrounding the pixels. Experiments on real images show that our measure alleviates the problem of sampling with little additional computational overhead.
Effects of dexamethasone on proliferation, activity, and cytokine secretion of normal human bone marrow stromal cells: possible mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss (1999)

It is well documented that glucocorticoid excess causes bone loss, but the mechanisms of these effects remain poorly defined. To understand further the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on bone formation and bone resorption by examining the proliferation, functional activities, and cytokine secretion of cultured human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). Treatment with dexamethasone for 24 h at the concentration of 10(-8) M significantly suppressed [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and further inhibition was observed with longer treatment (8 days) or higher concentration (10(-7) M). Alkaline phosphatase activity of hBMSC was markedly stimulated with addition of dexamethasone (10(-8) M), to 191 +/- 22% (after 4 days) and 317 +/- 46% (after 7 days) of control. Dexamethasone (10(-8) M) treatment for 48 h decreased the incorporation of [(3)H]proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP; 43.7+/-7.9% of control) and non-collagen protein (65.2+/-8.4% of control), with a greater effect on CDP. Northern blot analysis indicated that alpha1(I)-collagen mRNA level was decreased by dexamethasone to 27.6 +/- 9.0% of the control value after 1 day of exposure, and to 55.2 +/- 6.2% after 7 days. Dexamethasone markedly suppressed basal production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-11 and that stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), IL-1alpha, or tumour necrosis factor-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the glucocorticoid-induced bone loss is derived at least in part via inhibition of bone formation, which includes the suppression of osteoblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. As both basal and PTH-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-11 are decreased by dexamethasone, the increased bone resorption observed in glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia does not appear to be mediated by IL-6 or IL-11.
Epipolar Geometry in Stereo, Motion and Object Recognition: A Unified Approach (1996)

Foreword Olivier Faugeras. Foreword Saburo Tsuji. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Camera Models and Epipolar Geometry. 3. Recovery of Epipolar Geometry From Points. 4. Recovery of Epipolar Geometry from Line Segments or Lines. 5. Redefining Stereo, Motion and Object Recognition via Epipolar Geometry. 6. Image Matching and Uncalibrated Stereo. 7. Multiple Rigid Motions: Correspondence and Segmentation. 8. 3D Object Recognition and Localization with Model Views. 9. Concluding Remarks. References. Index.
Shedding light by cancer redox—human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activation of a cloaked fluorescent dye (2011)

A new quinone propionic acid-cloaked rhodamine fluorophore has its fluorescence revealed (de-cloaked) upon activation by human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1), an upregulated enzyme in cancer cells and tumors.
Inspection of periodic patterns with intensity spatial filters (1968)

This reports the application of spatial filtering to integrated circuit photomask inspection. Experiments were performed that used intensity filters and took advantage of the grating effect of the periodic array. A stop filter corresponding to the periodic distance was placed at the diffraction plane. The transmitted image showed tip the nonperiodic errors, i.e., contamination pinholes, scratches, missing or extra features and incorrectly registered patterns.
High-Precision Radiosurgical Dose Delivery by Interlaced Microbeam Arrays of High-Flux Low-Energy Synchrotron X-Rays (2010)

Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a preclinical form of radiosurgery dedicated to brain tumor treatment. It uses micrometer-wide synchrotron-generated X-ray beams on the basis of spatial beam fractionation. Due to the radioresistance of normal brain vasculature to MRT, a continuous blood supply can be maintained which would in part explain the surprising tolerance of normal tissues to very high radiation doses (hundreds of Gy). Based on this well described normal tissue sparing effect of microplanar beams, we developed a new irradiation geometry which allows the delivery of a high uniform dose deposition at a given brain target whereas surrounding normal tissues are irradiated by well tolerated parallel microbeams only. Normal rat brains were exposed to 4 focally interlaced arrays of 10 microplanar beams (52 microm wide, spaced 200 microm on-center, 50 to 350 keV in energy range), targeted from 4 different ports, with a peak entrance dose of 200Gy each, to deliver an homogenous dose to a target volume of 7 mm(3) in the caudate nucleus. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of rats showed a highly localized increase in blood vessel permeability, starting 1 week after irradiation. Contrast agent diffusion was confined to the target volume and was still observed 1 month after irradiation, along with histopathological changes, including damaged blood vessels. No changes in vessel permeability were detected in the normal brain tissue surrounding the target. The interlacing radiation-induced reduction of spontaneous seizures of epileptic rats illustrated the potential pre-clinical applications of this new irradiation geometry. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations performed on a human-sized head phantom suggested that synchrotron photons can be used for human radiosurgical applications. Our data show that interlaced microbeam irradiation allows a high homogeneous dose deposition in a brain target and leads to a confined tissue necrosis while sparing surrounding tissues. The use of synchrotron-generated X-rays enables delivery of high doses for destruction of small focal regions in human brains, with sharper dose fall-offs than those described in any other conventional radiation therapy.
Multidrug resistance-modifying components in human plasma with potential clinical significance. (1996)

P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) are plasma membrane associated proteins which can confer multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells by lowering the intracellular amount of drug. Although clinical trials with MDR-reverting agents have been initiated, not much attention has been paid to blood components which may modulate the activity of P-gp or MRP. The present investigation was performed to identify and characterize blood components which may influence the drug content and the drug cytotoxicity of MDR cells. Human plasma, from healthy volunteers, was tested for its effects on the daunorubicin (DNR) accumulation and cytotoxicity in the MDR cell lines SW-1573/2R160 (2R160) and GLC4/ADR containing P-gp and MRP, respectively. The data were compared to the effects observed in wild-type cells. MDR-modifying plasma components were isolated by extraction procedures and characterized using ultrafiltration, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. An increase in the proportion of plasma in the culture medium led to a reduction of the ratio between the DNR content of wild-type and corresponding MDR cells. At 100% plasma we observed an increase in the cellular DNR content of 2R160 cells, which was 10-30% (median 18%) of the maximum possible increase induced by well-known MDR-reverting agents, such as verapamil (for GLC4/ADR cells: 10-20%, median 15%). The DNR cytotoxicity in MDR cells also increased with an increasing amount of plasma included in the culture media. There was neither an increase in the cellular DNR content nor an effect on the DNR cytotoxicity in wild-type cells. Plasma extract analysis by HPLC showed a major peak which increased the DNR content of MDR cells. The HPLC column retention time of this fraction was identical to that of a standard of cortisol and it was further confirmed to be cortisol using mass spectrometry. Moreover, inclusion of a standard of cortisol in culture media induced a similar effect. We analyzed the data for one of the plasma pools and found that blood cortisol was responsible for the MDR-modulating effect only for 35% of the effect of 100% plasma. Other plasma components were responsible for the remaining modulation effect on MDR cells. In conclusion, the DNR pumping activity of P-gp and MRP is inhibited by human plasma, resulting in 10-30% of the maximum possible increase in cellular drug content. Based on cellular pharmacokinetic calculations this percentage will most likely increase at clinical levels of drug resistance (reaching 40-50%). In one sample blood cortisol accounted for 35% of the effect of plasma on the DNR content in MDR 2R160 cells. These data show the need for additional studies to test plasma samples for their MDR modulating effects before the administration of MDR-reverting agents in chemotherapy. The data suggest that the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs may be enhanced when administered in accordance with the circadian peak of endogenous corticoids.
Drug Export Pathway of Multidrug Exporter AcrB Revealed by DARPin Inhibitors (2006)

The multidrug exporter AcrB is the inner membrane component of the AcrAB-TolC drug efflux system in Escherichia coli and is responsible for the resistance of this organism to a wide range of drugs. Here we describe the crystal structure of the trimeric AcrB in complex with a designed ankyrin-repeat protein (DARPin) inhibitor at 2.5-A resolution. The three subunits of AcrB are locked in different conformations revealing distinct channels in each subunit. There seems to be remote conformational coupling between the channel access, exit, and the putative proton-translocation site, explaining how the proton motive force is used for drug export. Thus our structure suggests a transport pathway not through the central pore but through the identified channels in the individual subunits, which greatly advances our understanding of the multidrug export mechanism.
Controlled Lipidation and Encapsulation of Peptides as a Useful Approach to Mucosal Immunizations (1998)

To generate a useful strategy for mucosal immunization, we have developed an approach of lipidating a multiple Ag peptide (MAP) containing part of the V3 loop from HIV-1 gp120IIIB. In this work, we compare two delivery systems, lipidated MAP in PBS and encapsulation in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. Subcutaneous immunization, followed by intragastric administration of MAP peptide entrapped or not entrapped in microparticles, induced mucosal and systemic immune responses at local and distant sites, including mucosal IgA in saliva, vaginal secretions and feces, and IgG in blood. However, lipidated Ag delivered in microparticles induced higher levels of mucosal Abs, particularly of intestinal IgA, and generated CTL responses. In contrast, lipidated MAP delivered by nasal route microparticles was less effective in inducing CTL responses. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a lipidated multimeric peptide for mucosal immunization to stimulate both systemic and mucosal immune systems, including the genital tract, irrespective of the route or method of delivery and without requiring the use of a carrier or an extraneous adjuvant.
It's Totally Tubular…Riding The New Wave of Ovarian Cancer Research (2015)

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome carries significant mortality for young women if effective preventive and screening measures are not taken. Preventive salpingo-oophorectomy is currently the only method known to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer-related death. Histopathological analyses of these surgical specimens indicate that a high proportion of ovarian cancers in women at high risk and in the general population arise from the fallopian tube. This paradigm shift concerning the cell of origin for the most common subtype of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous carcinoma, has sparked a major effort within the research community to develop new and robust model systems to study the fallopian tube epithelium as the cell of origin of "ovarian" cancer. In this review, evidence supporting the fallopian tube as the origin of ovarian cancer is presented as are novel experimental model systems for studying the fallopian tube epithelium in high-risk women as well as in the general population. This review also addresses the clinical implications of the newly proposed cell of origin, the clinical questions that arise, and novel strategies for ovarian cancer prevention.
Human peripheral blood leucocyte non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain gene mouse model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host-like disease and the role of host major histocompatibility complex (2009)

Immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)-severe combined immune-deficient (scid) mice bearing a targeted mutation in the gene encoding the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor gamma chain gene (IL2rgamma(null)) engraft readily with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we report a robust model of xenogeneic graft-versus-host-like disease (GVHD) based on intravenous injection of human PBMC into 2 Gy conditioned NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mice. These mice develop xenogeneic GVHD consistently (100%) following injection of as few as 5 x 10(6) PBMC, regardless of the PBMC donor used. As in human disease, the development of xenogeneic GVHD is highly dependent on expression of host major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules and is associated with severely depressed haematopoiesis. Interrupting the tumour necrosis factor-alpha signalling cascade with etanercept, a therapeutic drug in clinical trials for the treatment of human GVHD, delays the onset and progression of disease. This model now provides the opportunity to investigate in vivo mechanisms of xenogeneic GVHD as well as to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents rapidly.
Developmental regulation of alpha-fetoprotein genes in transgenic mice. (1985)

The mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene is activated in embryonic development in the visceral endoderm of the extraembryonic yolk sac and the fetal liver and gut. Transcription of the gene is subsequently repressed in the neonatal liver. To ask whether the DNA sequence elements required for tissue-specific activation are the same or different from those required for postnatal developmental regulation of the gene, modified copies of the alpha-fetoprotein gene were microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs. Those animals which developed to term and carried integrated copies of the modified gene were analyzed for expression. In approximately 50% of such animals, the introduced gene was active only in the three cell lineages which expressed the authentic alpha-fetoprotein gene. Furthermore, its expression was repressed in the neonatal liver. Thus, we conclude that the modified genes, which included either 7 or 14 kilobase pairs of 5'-flanking DNA, contained the DNA sequence information to direct both tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation. The observation that 50% of the mice which carried the modified gene did not express it in any tissue, combined with the fact that the level of expression was highly variable between expressing transgenic animals, suggested that the gene was susceptible to its site of integration in the mouse genome.
Cerebral white matter lesions in bipolar affective disorder: relationship to outcome (2001)

Subcortical white matter lesions are associated with poor outcome bipolar disorder.
Analysis of Scattering from Fiber Waveguides with Irregular Core Surfaces (1974)

The scattering from clad fiber optical waveguides that have cores whose surfaces are perturbed in various ways is calculated with the induced dipole method. Such scattering is of interest because it can couple the guided modes of a multimode waveguide, thereby reducing the temporal dispersion. The five surface deviations considered are a rectangular radial step, a sinusoidal perturbation of the radius, a sinusoidal meander of the core, a deviation where the core alternates periodically along the core axis between a y-extended elipse and a z-extended elipse (x is the core axis), and a helical meander of the core axis.
Organic Electroluminescent Devices Having Derivatives of Aluminum-Hydroxyquinoline Complex as Light Emitting Materials (1996)

Derivatives of aluminum-hydroxyquinoline complex were synthesized and used as light emitting materials for electroluminescent devices. The absorption and photo-luminescence spectra, and also the energy levels of the derivatives were shifted from those of the mother compound by electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing groups introduced into the hydroxyquinoline ligands. Using these compounds, the relationship between the electroluminescence efficiency and the energy levels was analyzed. The results strongly suggest that part of the injected electrons and holes recombine across the interface of the stacked organic layers, the process being non-emissive. It was also observed that the current-voltage curves shift toward the lower voltages as the electron accepting energy level of the light emitting material becomes lower.
Matrix Factorization with Knowledge Graph Propagation for Unsupervised Spoken Language Understanding (2015)

Yun-Nung Chen, William Yang Wang, Anatole Gershman, Alexander Rudnicky. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Coherent Optical 25.8-Gb/s OFDM Transmission Over 4160-km SSMF (2008)

We discuss coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) as a suitable modulation technique for long-haul transmission systems. Several design and implementation aspects of a CO-OFDM system are reviewed, but we especially focus on phase noise compensation. As conventional CO-OFDM transmission systems are very sensitive to laser phase noise a novel method to compensate for phase noise is introduced. With the help of this phase noise compensation method we show continuously detectable OFDM transmission at 25.8 Gb/s data rate (20 Gb/s after coding) over 4160-km SSMF without dispersion compensation.
Mixed matrix membranes incorporated with size-reduced Cu-BTC for improved gas separation (2013)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with large surface area and selective gas adsorption capability, can be the promising additives in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for potential gas separation. In this study, mixed matrix membranes with dispersed Cu-BTC [Cu3(BTC)2] have been fabricated and employed for gas separation. The sonication treatment was adopted to reduce the crystal size of MOFs and improve their affinity to the polymer matrix. The crystal structure, surface area and gas adsorption properties of as-synthesized and sonication-treated Cu-BTC were measured and compared. The morphology of the derived mixed matrix membranes varied with sonication intensity and Cu-BTC particle size, and the elimination of interfacial voids indicated the improvement of the adhesion between Cu-BTC crystals and the polymer matrix. The permeation test revealed that the gas permeance and selectivity of membranes depend on the crystal size of Cu-BTC fillers. Incorporation of the sonicated Cu-BTC results in enhancing both gas permeability and selectivity of the derived mixed matrix membranes. The analysis of permeation and gas sorption results also indicates that MOFs improve both diffusivity and solubility of gas molecules thus enhancing the permeability and selectivity of the membrane.
Predicting radiant energy transmission through polymer sheets (1974)

Abstract The flux models can be used to accurately predict the transmission or absorption of radiant energy through an absorbing scattering plastic. The apparent absorbing and scattering coefficients are dependent upon the physical characteristics of the body and the incident radiation as well as the actual absorption and scattering coefficients of the material. The apparent interfacial reflectivity can be estimated from the degree of scattering within the material.
A MAGE‐A4 peptide presented by HLA‐B37 is recognized on human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes (2002)

'Cancer-germline' genes such as those of the MAGE family are expressed in many tumors and in male germline cells, but are silent in normal tissues. They encode shared tumor-specific antigens, which have been used in therapeutic vaccination trials of cancer patients. MAGE-A4 is expressed in more than 50% of carcinomas of esophagus, head and neck, lung, and bladder. We report here the identification of a new MAGE-A4 encoded peptide, which is recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone on HLA-B*3701. The sequence of the peptide is SESLKMIF. It corresponds to the MAGE-A4156-163 protein sequence. When tumor cells expressing MAGE-A4 were transfected with HLA-B*3701, they were recognized by the CTL clone, demonstrating that the peptide ought to be processed in tumor cells and could therefore serve as a target for therapeutic antitumoral vaccination.