gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of variable regions of hepatitis C virus proteins: selection and modification of peptide epitopes to assess hepatitis C virus genotypes by ELISA. (1999)

The immunogenicity of variable regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins was studied by ELISA by using 543 synthetic peptides from 120 variable regions and 90 sera from HCV-infected patients. Some regions from certain genotypes were less immunogenic, or even non-immunogenic, compared with their equivalents in other genotypes. However, the mean recognition of all peptides from genotypes 1a, 1b and 3 by sera infected with genotypes 1a, 1b and 3, respectively, showed no significant differences, suggesting a similar overall immunogenicity of variable regions from these genotypes. Proteins NS4a, NS4b and NS5a were found to be the most immunogenic. Recognition of individual peptides by the sera of infected patients showed that the humoral response against HCV is patient-dependent. The work shows that 15-mer peptides may encompass several B-cell epitopes. These epitopes may lie in slightly different positions in different genotypes. Thirty-one percent of the 543 peptides were recognized by some of the 35 healthy donors. This may be a reflection of the large number of antigens to which they had been exposed, but it may also reflect a strategy of HCV to respond to immune pressure. After selection and modification, a set of 40 peptides was used to assess genotypes 1a, 1b, 1, 2 and 3 in the sera of HCV-infected patients, with sensitivities of 34.1, 48.5, 68.8, 58.3 and 48.9% and specificities of 100, 99.1, 97.1, 99.5 and 99%, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of genotypes 1, 2 and 3 were 64 and 98%, respectively.
Screening for 2‐quinolinone‐derived selective androgen receptor agonists in doping control analysis (2007)

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) represent a class of emerging drugs with high potential for misuse in sports, and therefore members of this group are banned as anabolic agents by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Preventive approaches to restrict their use include early implementation of target analytes into doping control screening assays and evaluation of the mass spectrometric behavior of these drugs to allow their unequivocal identification as well as the characterization of structurally related compounds and metabolic products. Four model SARMs with the 6-alkylamino-2-quinolinone structure, including the advanced drug candidate LGD-2226, were synthesized. Fragmentation pathways after positive electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation were studied using an LTQ Orbitrap mass analyzer, and diagnostic product ions and common dissociation pathways were employed to establish a screening procedure targeting intact quinolinone-based SARMs as well as putative metabolic products such as dealkylated analogues. Therefore, features of a triple quadrupole mass analyzer such as multiple reaction monitoring and precursor ion scanning were utilized. Sample preparation based on commonly employed liquid-liquid extraction and subsequent liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric measurement allowed for detection limits of 0.01-0.2 ng/mL, and intra- and interday precisions between 3.2 and 8.5% and between 6.3 and 16.6%, respectively. Recoveries varied from 81 to 98%, and tests for ion suppression or enhancement effects were negative for all analytes.
Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy of Terfenadine, a New H 1 ‐receptor Antagonist (1985)

Terfenadine is the first of a new class of non-sedating H1 antihistamines. It differs from chlorpheniramine in its lower anticholinergic activity in rabbit salivation tests. In animal model distribution studies, the drug is not found in the brain. In most clinical studies sedation attributed to terfenadine was on the order of that observed with placebo. Clinical trials of efficacy show that at best terfenadine is slightly less effective than or as effective as chlorpheniramine.
Joins that generalize: text classification using WHIRL (1998)

WHIRL is an extension of relational databases that can perform &amp;quot;soft joins&amp;quot; based on the similarity of textual identifiers; these soft joins extend the traditional operation of joining tables based on the equivalence of atomic values. This paper evaluates WHIRL on a number of inductive classification tasks using data from the World Wide Web. We show that although WHIRL is designed for more general similaritybased reasoning tasks, it is competitive with mature inductive classification systems on these classification tasks. In particular, WHIRL generally achieves lower generalization error than C4.5, RIPPER, and several nearest-neighbor methods. WHIRL is also fast---up to 500 times faster than C4.5 on some benchmark problems. We also show that WHIRL can be efficiently used to select from a large pool of unlabeled items those that can be classified correctly with high confidence. Introduction Consider the problem of exploratory analysis of data obtained from the Internet. Assuming that o...
PPARy ligands have potent anti-fibrotic activity :mechanism of action and implications for therapy of pulmonaryfibrosis (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. School of Medicine & Dentistry. Dept. of Environmental Medicine, 2008.
Cutaneous allergy (urticaria) to insulin preparations (1994)

Abstract Five patients are described who experienced generalised cutaneous reactions, urticarla and itching, after Injecting varlous modern human insulln preparations. This allergy was not due to the Insulin, but to some of the non‐Insulin components of Insulin solutions. Prick‐skin testing Identified the specific allergen in each patient; In three cases, protamine. Change to another human insulin preparation without the allergen in its constltuents resolved the symptoms in each patient.
Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in clinical trial phase I is safe in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (2004)

Our results indicated that autologous CIK cells can efficiently improve the immunological status in HCC patients, and may provide a potent approach for HCC patients as the adoptive immunotherapy.
Evaluation and Biological Properties of Reactive Ligands for the Mapping of the Glycine Site on theN-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor (1999)

The glycine-binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, given its potential as pharmacological target, has been thoroughly studied by structure-activity relationships, which has made possible its description in terms of spatial limits and interactions of various types. A structural model, based on mutational analysis and sequence alignements, has been proposed. Yet, the amino acid residues responsible for the interactions with the ligand have not been unambiguously characterized. To evidence nucleophilic pocket-lining residues, we have designed and synthesized reactive glycine-site ligands derived from 3-substituted 4-hydroxy-quinolin-2(1H)-ones by introducing various electrophilic groups at different positions of the molecule. These ligands were found to have high affinity at the glycine site and to be functional antagonists by inhibiting glycine/glutamate-induced currents in transfected oocytes. The correlation between their potency and their substitution pattern was strictly consistent with previously established structure-activity relationships. Most ligands displayed intrinsic reactivity toward cysteine, but none inactivated wild-type receptors. This is consistent with the model since it indicates the absence of exposed cysteine in the glycine-binding site. A strategy of cysteine incorporation by point mutations at selected polypeptide positions will create unambiguously localized targets for our reactive probes.
Robust, real-time endpoint detector with energy normalization for ASR in adverse environments (2002)

When automatic speech recognition (ASR) is applied to hands-free or other adverse acoustic environments, endpoint detection and energy normalization can be crucial to the entire system. In low signal-to-noise (SNR) situations, conventional approaches of endpointing and energy normalization often fail and ASR performances usually degrade dramatically. The goal of this paper is to find a fast, accurate, and robust endpointing algorithm for real-time ASR. We propose a novel approach of using a special filter plus a 3-state decision logic for endpoint detection. The filter has been designed under several criteria to ensure the accuracy and robustness of detection. The detected endpoints are then applied to energy normalization simultaneously. Evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduce the string error rates on 7 out of 12 tested databases. The reduction rates even exceeded 50% on two of them. The algorithm only uses one-dimensional energy with 24-frame lookahead; therefore, it has a low complexity and is suitable for real-time ASR.
Identification of a Peptide Toxin fromGrammostola spatulataSpider Venom That Blocks Cation-Selective Stretch-Activated Channels (2000)

We have identified a 35 amino acid peptide toxin of the inhibitor cysteine knot family that blocks cationic stretch-activated ion channels. The toxin, denoted GsMTx-4, was isolated from the venom of the spider Grammostola spatulata and has <50% homology to other neuroactive peptides. It was isolated by fractionating whole venom using reverse phase HPLC, and then assaying fractions on stretch-activated channels (SACs) in outside-out patches from adult rat astrocytes. Although the channel gating kinetics were different between cell-attached and outside-out patches, the properties associated with the channel pore, such as selectivity for alkali cations, conductance ( approximately 45 pS at -100 mV) and a mild rectification were unaffected by outside-out formation. GsMTx-4 produced a complete block of SACs in outside-out patches and appeared specific since it had no effect on whole-cell voltage-sensitive currents. The equilibrium dissociation constant of approximately 630 nM was calculated from the ratio of association and dissociation rate constants. In hypotonically swollen astrocytes, GsMTx-4 produces approximately 40% reduction in swelling-activated whole-cell current. Similarly, in isolated ventricular cells from a rabbit dilated cardiomyopathy model, GsMTx-4 produced a near complete block of the volume-sensitive cation-selective current, but did not affect the anion current. In the myopathic heart cells, where the swell-induced current is tonically active, GsMTx-4 also reduced the cell size. This is the first report of a peptide toxin that specifically blocks stretch-activated currents. The toxin affect on swelling-activated whole-cell currents implicates SACs in volume regulation.
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019<sup>1,2</sup> and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic<sup>3</sup>. Vaccines are an essential countermeasure urgently needed to control the pandemic<sup>4</sup>. Here, we show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice, eliciting a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was not Th2 dominated, as demonstrated by IgG subclass and cytokine expression profiling. A single vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced a humoral and cellular immune response in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated rhesus macaques. Importantly, no evidence of immune-enhanced disease following viral challenge in vaccinated animals was observed. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomised controlled human clinical trials.
Optimum Loudspeaker Placement Near Reflecting Planes (1983)

Les performances a basse frequence d'un haut parleur sont influencees par sa position pres d'un coin de piece. Un cas idealise d'une source monopole pres de 3 plans reflechissants a ete utilise pour modeliser ce comportement. Pour un haut parleur a enceinte fermee avec une reponse passe-haut du second ordre, on a identifie certains positions optimales pres d'un coin
CVD Cu technology development for advanced Cu interconnect applications (2002)

An advanced chemical vapor deposition Cu technology has been developed for 0.13 /spl mu/m Cu interconnect generation and beyond. Aggressive Cu via filling capability was successfully proved by CVD direct fill or CVD/ECD integration for via CD<0.1 /spl mu/m with AR>10. High via chain (20 K) yield and low resistance (<0.9/spl Omega//via) of 0.28 /spl mu/m borderless via were also achieved. Via filling and integration related issues including adhesion, texture, and CMP compatibility were also studied and resolved. Excellent filling capability, adequate adhesion and good [111] texture of the proposed CVD Cu based process exhibit superior extendibility toward sub-0.13 /spl mu/m technology node.
DNA Sequencing versus Standard Prenatal Aneuploidy Screening (2014)

In a general obstetrical population, prenatal testing with the use of cfDNA had significantly lower false positive rates and higher positive predictive values for detection of trisomies 21 and 18 than standard screening. (Funded by Illumina; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01663350.).
Studies on pyrimidine derivatives. XXVI. Synthesis of derivatives containing a 1,3-dicarbonyl side chain. (1982)

Pyrimidine derivatives containing a 1, 3-dicarbonyl side chain at the 2-or 4-position were synthesized by the Claisen condensation of pyrimidine 2- or 4-carboxylic esters with ethyl acetate, acetophenone, and phenylacetonitrile. The keto-enol tautomerism of the products is also reported.
The Spin Excitation Spectrum in Superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.85 (2000)

A comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in the near optimally doped high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85) is presented. The spin correlations in the normal state are commensurate with the crystal lattice, and the intensity is peaked around the wave vector characterizing the antiferromagnetic state of the insulating precursor, YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6). Profound modifications of the spin excitation spectrum appear abruptly below the superconducting transition temperature T(c), where a commensurate resonant mode and a set of weaker incommensurate peaks develop. The data are consistent with models that are based on an underlying two-dimensional Fermi surface, predicting a continuous, downward dispersion relation connecting the resonant mode and the incommensurate excitations. The magnetic incommensurability in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x) system is thus not simply related to that of another high-temperature superconductor, La(2-)(x)Sr(x)CuO(4), where incommensurate peaks persist well above T(c). The temperature-dependent incommensurability is difficult to reconcile with interpretations based on charge stripe formation in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) near optimum doping.
A 350 $\mu$W CMOS MSK Transmitter and 400 $\mu$W OOK Super-Regenerative Receiver for Medical Implant Communications (2009)

Recent advances in the medical field are spurring the need for ultra-low power transceivers for wireless communication with medical implants. To deal with the growing demand for medical telemetry, the FCC commissioned the medical implant communications services (MICS) standard in 1999 in the 402-405 MHz band. This paper presents a 350 muW FSK/MSK direct modulation transmitter and a 400 muW OOK super-regenerative receiver (SRR) specifically optimized for medical implant communications. The transceiver is implemented in 90 nm CMOS and digitally tunes 24 MHz in frequency steps smaller than 2 kHz. The transmitter meets MICS mask specifications with data rates up to 120 kb/s consuming only 2.9 nJ/bit; the receiver has a sensitivity better than -99 dBm with a data rate of 40 kb/s or -93 dBm with a data rate of 120 kb/s consuming 3.3 nJ/bit. A frequency correction loop incorporating the base-station is prototyped to eliminate the need for a frequency synthesizer in the implant while still achieving frequency stability of less than 3 ppm.
Diversity and Seasonal Fluctuations of the Dominant Members of the Bacterial Soil Community in a Wheat Field as Determined by Cultivation and Molecular Methods (2001)

There is a paucity of knowledge on microbial community diversity and naturally occurring seasonal variations in agricultural soil. For this purpose the soil microbial community of a wheat field on an experimental farm in The Netherlands was studied by using both cultivation-based and molecule-based methods. Samples were taken in the different seasons over a 1-year period. Fatty acid-based typing of bacterial isolates obtained via plating revealed a diverse community of mainly gram-positive bacteria, and only a few isolates appeared to belong to the Proteobacteria and green sulfur bacteria. Some genera, such as Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, and Corynebacterium were detected throughout the year, while Bacillus was found only in July. Isolate diversity was lowest in July, and the most abundant species, Arthrobacter oxydans, and members of the genus Pseudomonas were found in reduced numbers in July. Analysis by molecular techniques showed that diversity of cloned 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences was greater than the diversity among cultured isolates. Moreover, based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, there was a more even distribution among five main divisions, Acidobacterium, Proteobacteria, Nitrospira, cyanobacteria, and green sulfur bacteria. No clones were found belonging to the gram-positive bacteria, which dominated the cultured isolates. Seasonal fluctuations were assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Statistical analysis of the banding patterns revealed significant differences between samples taken in different seasons. Cluster analysis of the patterns revealed that the bacterial community in July clearly differed from those in the other months. Although the molecule- and cultivation-based methods allowed the detection of different parts of the bacterial community, results from both methods indicated that the community present in July showed the largest difference from the communities of the other months. Efforts were made to use the sequence data for providing insight into more general ecological relationships. Based on the distribution of 16S rDNA sequences among the bacterial divisions found in this work and in literature, it is suggested that the ratio between the number of Proteobacteria and Acidobacterium organisms might be indicative of the trophic level of the soil.
Synthesis of the Palmitoylated and Farnesylated C‐Terminal Lipohexapeptide of the Human N‐Ras Protein by Employing an Enzymatically Removable Urethane Protecting Group (1995)

Enzyme-labile urethane protecting groups, which enable the construction of biologically important peptides relevant for cancer research, were used to synthesize characteristic lipidated partial sequences of the human N-Ras protein for the first time. The strategy is sketched below. They are cleaved chemoselectively under very mild conditions (pH 7, 45 °C), and therefore leave extremely sensitive peptide side chains intact.
Corticosteroids increase lipocortin I in BAL fluid from normal individuals and patients with lung disease (1990)

Lipocortin I is a corticosteroid-inducible protein that has potent anti-inflammatory activity. To determine whether lipocortin I is present on the epithelial surface of the human lung, we used a specific polyclonal antibody by the technique of Western blotting to evaluate bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of normal individuals and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Lipocortin I was a normal constituent of the epithelial surface of the normal lung and comprised 0.23 +/- 0.03% of BAL fluid proteins. Four separate immunoreactive species were detected, at 37, 36, 34, and 33 kDa, consistent with previously published results. Corticosteroids increased the amounts of lipocortin present in normal volunteers and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These results demonstrate that lipocortin I is normally present in the human lung and further suggest that lipocortin I may be an important modulator of the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids in the lung.
Cold, warm, and hot programming of shape memory polymers (2016)

ABSTRACT In this article, programming is classified as hot, warm, and cold, based on the temperature zone within which the programming is conducted. The strain and stress locking and releasing mechanisms are discussed within the thermodynamics framework. A new formula is developed for quantifying the strain recovery ratio of cold‐programmed SMPs. Stress fixity ratio and stress recovery ratio are also defined based on the understanding of stress locking and recovery mechanisms. State‐of‐the‐art literature on warm and cold programming is reviewed. Well‐controlled programming as well as free strain recovery test and constrained stress recovery test are conducted, in order to validate the memory mechanisms discussed in this study. It is found that, while programming temperature has an insignificant effect on the final free shape recovery, it has a significant effect on the stress recovery. The recovery stress programmed by cold programming may be lower, equal to, or higher than that by hot programming, due to the different stress locking mechanisms and other factors such as damage during the thermomechanical cycle. Cold, Warm, and Hot Programming of Shape Memory Polymers © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54 , 1319–1339
In vivo enhancement of tumor radioresponse by C225 antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody. (2000)

Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been correlated with tumor resistance to cytotoxic agents, including radiation (T. Akimoto et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 5: 2884-2890, 1999), and thus is a candidate target for anticancer treatment. This study investigated whether treatment with C225 anti-EGFR antibody would improve tumor response to radiotherapy. Nude mice bearing 8-mm-diameter A431 tumor xenografts in the hind leg were treated with C225 antibody, 18 Gy of single-dose local tumor irradiation, or both. C225 was given i.p. at a dose of 1 mg/mouse 6 h before irradiation or 6 h before and 3 and 6 days after irradiation. Delay in tumor growth was the treatment end point. C225 dramatically improved the efficacy of local tumor irradiation, particularly when multiple injections of C225 were administered. Tumor radioresponse was enhanced by a factor of 1.59 by a single dose and by a factor of 3.62 by a doses of C225. Histological analyses of tumors revealed that C225 caused a striking increase in central tumor necrosis associated with hemorrhage and vascular thrombosis when combined with radiotherapy. In addition, C225 induced heavy tumor infiltration with granulocytes, increased tumor cell terminal differentiation, and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. We conclude that C225 anti-EGFR antibody enhances tumor radioresponse by multiple mechanisms that may involve direct and indirect actions on tumor cell survival.
Extended Wear in Perspective (1997)

Attention to oxygen permeability and mechanical properties of soft contact lenses should solve the remaining problems with extended wear. Materials currently under development promise to meet at least some of the desired properties and may lead to the long-awaited advent of safe extended wear.