gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric biomaterials: influence of phosphorylcholine polar groups on protein adsorption and complement activation (1994)

The introduction to polymeric biomaterials of phosphorylcholine polar groups represents an approach towards the development of materials with improved blood compatibility. In this respect, two biomaterials, one a copolymer of butyl methacrylate and 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC), (poly(BMA-co-MPC) and the other, MPC-grafted Cuprophan, were examined with respect to their influence on protein adsorption and complement activation. Protein adsorption was studied by measurement of the adsorption of radiolabelled single proteins (albumin and fibrinogen), while complement activation was measured using radioimmunoassay for C3a des Arg. The investigation demonstrated that the polymers containing phosphorylcholine polar groups can achieve a marked reduction in protein adsorption and complement activation and supports the utilization of phosphorylcholine polar groups as a means of improving the compatibility of biomaterials for blood-contacting applications.
Surface initiated polymerizations from silica nanoparticles (2006)

Surface initiated polymerizations yield covalently bonded polymer on the substrate. The properties of such nanoparticles are unique finding a wide range of applications. This article reviews the different techniques of synthesis of these hybrid nanoparticles and their mechanistic approach presented in literature.
Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (2013)

Low-temperature solution-processed photovoltaics suffer from low efficiencies because of poor exciton or electron-hole diffusion lengths (typically about 10 nanometers). Recent reports of highly efficient CH3NH3PbI3-based solar cells in a broad range of configurations raise a compelling case for understanding the fundamental photophysical mechanisms in these materials. By applying femtosecond transient optical spectroscopy to bilayers that interface this perovskite with either selective-electron or selective-hole extraction materials, we have uncovered concrete evidence of balanced long-range electron-hole diffusion lengths of at least 100 nanometers in solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3. The high photoconversion efficiencies of these systems stem from the comparable optical absorption length and charge-carrier diffusion lengths, transcending the traditional constraints of solution-processed semiconductors.
Protective effects of NSAIDs on the development of Alzheimer disease (2008)

Long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was protective against Alzheimer disease. Findings were clearest for ibuprofen. A beta (1-42)-suppressing NSAIDs did not differ from others.
Novel amyloid precursor protein mutation in an Iowa family with dementia and severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2001)

Several mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene have been found to associate with pathologic deposition of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in neuritic plaques or in the walls of cerebral vessels. We report a mutation at a novel site in APP in a three-generation Iowa family with autosomal dominant dementia beginning in the sixth or seventh decade of life. The proband and an affected brother had progressive aphasic dementia, leukoencephalopathy, and occipital calcifications. Neuropathological examination of the proband revealed severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy, widespread neurofibrillary tangles, and unusually extensive distribution of Abeta40 in plaques. The affected brothers shared a missense mutation in APP, resulting in substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid at position 694. This site corresponds to residue 23 of Abeta, thus differing from familial Alzheimer's disease mutations, which occur outside the Abeta sequence. Restriction enzyme analysis of DNA from 94 unrelated patients with sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage found no other instances of this mutation. These results suggest a novel site within Abeta that may promote its deposition and toxicity.
Perception Mechanisms of Bone-Conducted Ultrasound Assessed by Acoustic Characteristics in the External Auditory Meatus (2010)

Acoustic fields/vibrations in the external auditory meatus (ear canal) and tympanic membrane (TM) under bone-conducted ultrasonic stimulation were measured to elucidate the contributions of the osseotympanic and inertial routes to bone-conducted ultrasonic (BCU) perception. Evidence showing nonlinear distortions, especially the generation of audible subharmonics in the outer and middle ear, was examined. In the results, we did not find any audible signals corresponding to the subjective pitch of a BCU tone in the acoustic fields for the auditory meatus and TM vibrations. This suggests that nonlinear distortions in the osseotympanic and inertial routes do not contribute to bone-conducted ultrasonic perception. Specific properties of perception may be related to mechanisms in the cochlea or afferent neural pathway.
First Steroidal Carbamoyloxa-Bridged Cyclophanes: Regioselective Macrocyclization of Methyl Cholate by Double Transesterification (1996)

Facile regioselective macrocyclization of methyl cholate (1) using dimethyl α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-m-xylylenedicarbamate (2) by transesterification was achieved, in refluxing toluene (0.004 M), using 3% of SnCl2 and 1% of glycoluril as an additive. After a reaction time of 2 hours, the kinetically favorable 3 was obtained selectively in excellent yield (94%). Conversion of the 16-membered 3 to the 18-membered cyclophane 4 was achieved by establishing an equilibrium (7 days), to give the thermodynamically stable 4 in practical yield (68%). This mild conversion of the regiochemistry of the steroidal macrocycles is remarkable as a characteristic of the carbamoyloxa-bridged cyclophanes. The new steroidal carbamoyloxa-bridged cyclophanes is the first example of a pair of the regioisomeric steroidal cyclophanes.
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene-amplified MDA-468 breast cancer cell line and its nonamplified variants. (1987)

We have recently reported (J. Filmus, M. N. Pollak, R. Cailleau, and R. N. Buick, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 128:898-905, 1985) that MDA-468, a human breast cancer cell line with a high number of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, has an amplified EGF receptor gene and is growth inhibited in vitro pharmacological doses of EGF. We have derived several MDA-468 clonal variants which are resistant to EGF-induced growth inhibition. These clones had a number of EGF receptors, similar to normal human fibroblasts, and had lost the EGF receptor gene amplification. Karyotype analysis showed that MDA-468 cells had an abnormally banded region (ABR) in chromosome 7p which was not present in the variants. It was shown by in situ hybridization that the amplified EGF receptor sequences were located in that chromosome, 7pABR. Five of the six variants studied were able to generate tumors in nude mice, but their growth rate was significantly lower than that of tumors derived from the parental cell line. The variant that was unable to produce tumors was found to be uniquely dependent on EGF for growth in soft agar.
NaF and guanine nucleotides modulate adenylate cyclase activity in NG108‐15 cells by interacting with both Gsand Gi (1990)

1. NaF (10 mM) produced a 2-3 fold increase in adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of NG108-15 cells incubated in the presence of 1 microM GTP. Higher concentrations of NaF suppressed adenylate cyclase activity. 2. In the presence of the adenosine receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethyl)-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA; 100 microM) or the prostacyclin receptor agonist iloprost (10 nM), NaF produced a much smaller increase in adenylate cyclase activity, whereas in the presence of a saturating concentration of iloprost (1 microM), NaF only inhibited adenylate cyclase activity. 3. Similarly, Gpp(NH)p activated basal adenylate cyclase activity, and inhibited 1 microM iloprost-activated enzyme activity. In the presence of 10 microM forskolin, NaF or Gpp(NH)p increased adenylate cyclase activity synergistically. Analysis of concentration-effect curves indicated that NaF (2 mM) or Gpp(NH)p (100 microM) increased the potency with which forskolin activated adenylate cyclase, whilst reducing the maximum activation of adenylate cyclase by iloprost. 4. Opiate receptors mediate inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and the opiate agonist morphine (100 microM) reduced the capacity of NaF or Gpp(NH)p to inhibit iloprost-activated adenylate cyclase. Unexpectedly, pertussis toxin treatment enhanced the ability of NaF or Gpp(NH)p to inhibit iloprost-activated adenylate cyclase. 5. In the absence of GTP, NaF and Gpp(NH)p remained able both to activate basal adenylate cyclase and to be synergistic with forskolin in activating the enzyme. In contrast the ability of NaF and Gpp(NH)p to inhibit iloprost-activated adenylate cyclase was substantially lost in the absence of added GTP. These results suggest that NaF modulates adenylate cyclase activity in NG108-15 cell membranes by interacting with the alpha subunits of both G0 and Gi regulatory proteins. The effects of NaF and Gpp(NH)p are critically dependent on the prior mode and extent of activation or inhibition of this transmembrane signalling pathway. This simple system may be of use in assessing alterations in GSO-O interaction following manipulations such as hormone receptor desensitization.
Osteopontin is a marker for cancer aggressiveness and patient survival (2010)

Osteopontin is significantly associated with survival in several forms of cancer. Osteopontin levels are also markers for stage, grade, and early tumor progression in multiple cancers, reflecting a common molecular underpinning for distinct clinical measures. Osteopontin has value as a clinical tumor progression marker.
Reactions of [3-(dimethylamino)-2-azaprop-2-en-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium chloride with methyl ketones, primary amines, and unsubstituted amides (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of [3-(dimethylamino)-2-azaprop-2-en-1-ylidene]dimethylammonium chloride with methyl ketones, primary amines, and unsubstituted amidesJohn T. Gupton, Cesar Colon, Charles R. Harrison, Michael J. Lizzi, and Dale E. PolkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4522–4524Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Nonfucosylated Anti-HER2 Antibody Augments Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients (2007)

This preliminary study suggests that the use of fucose-negative antibodies may improve the therapeutic effects of anti-HER2 therapy for patients independent of clinical backgrounds.
Integrin function in osteoclasts. (1997)

Integrins are a large family of heteromeric cell surface receptors composed of non-covalently bound alpha and beta subunits which interact with extracellular matrix molecules, serum constituents and the adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin family. The extracellular domains of many integrins recognize the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) tripeptide found in several extracellular macromolecules such as fibronectin, vitronectin, fibrinogen and osteopontin. The vitronectin receptor, alpha v beta 3 integrin, is highly expressed in osteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells, and binds many of these RGD containing proteins including osteopontin, which is abundant in bone. Antibodies to alpha v beta 3, RGD peptides and RGD containing proteins such as echistatin, and kistrin were shown to inhibit bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. The identity of the alpha v beta 3 natural ligand and its mode of action in bone are so far not known. In addition to the very high levels of alpha v beta 3, mammalian osteoclasts also express alpha 2 beta 1, a collagen/laminin receptor and alpha v beta 1, another vitronectin receptor. Signaling events that follow substrate recognition by osteoclasts are not well understood. RGD containing peptides and proteins modulate [Ca2+] transients in osteoclasts and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and pp60c-src are associated with alpha v beta 3 in these cells. alpha v and beta 3 genes were shown to be regulated by the calciotropic hormone 1,25(OH)2D3 and by a number of cytokines known to be modulators of bone metabolism. In summary, elucidation of the interactions of osteoclast integrins with components of bone matrix, may lead to further understanding of the mechanism of bone resorption.
Rosiglitazone versus placebo for men with prostate carcinoma and a rising serum prostate‐specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy (2004)

Rosiglitazone did not increase PSADT or prolong the time to disease progression more than placebo in men with a rising PSA level after radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy. The unexpected discordance between baseline and posttreatment PSADT in the placebo group reinforced the importance of randomized controlled trials in this setting.
Slowing the Initial Titration Rate of Tramadol Improves Tolerability (1999)

A slower rate of initiating tramadol therapy (50-mg increments every 3 days) improved tolerability with significantly fewer discontinuations due to dizziness or vertigo.
Binding of HLA-G to ITIM-Bearing Ig-like Transcript 2 Receptor Suppresses B Cell Responses (2014)

Inhibition of B cells constitutes a rational approach for treating B cell-mediated disorders. We demonstrate in this article that the engagement of the surface Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) inhibitory receptor with its preferential ligand HLA-G is critical to inhibit B cell functions. Indeed, ILT2-HLA-G interaction impedes both naive and memory B cell functions in vitro and in vivo. Particularly, HLA-G inhibits B cell proliferation, differentiation, and Ig secretion in both T cell-dependent and -independent models of B cell activation. HLA-G mediates phenotypic and functional downregulation of CXCR4 and CXCR5 chemokine receptors on germinal center B cells. In-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms mediated by ILT2-HLA-G interaction showed a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through dephosphorylation of AKT, GSK-3β, c-Raf, and Foxo proteins. Crucially, we provide in vivo evidence that HLA-G acts as a negative B cell regulator in modulating B cell Ab secretion in a xenograft mouse model. This B cell regulatory mechanism involving ILT2-HLA-G interaction brings important insight to design future B cell-targeted therapies aimed at reducing inappropriate immune reaction in allotransplantation and autoimmune diseases.
Differential expression of ORCC and CFTR induced by low temperature in CF airway epithelial cells (1995)

When nonepithelial cell types expressing the delta F508-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation are grown at reduced temperatures, the mutant protein can be properly processed. The effect of low temperatures on Cl- channel activity in airway epithelial cells that endogenously express the delta F508-CFTR mutation has not been investigated. Therefore, we examined the effect of incubation temperature on both CFTR and outwardly rectifying Cl- channel (ORCC) activity in normal, in cystic fibrosis (CF)-affected, and in wild-type CFTR-complemented CF airway epithelia with use of a combination of inside-out and whole cell patch-clamp recording, 36Cl- efflux assays, and immunocytochemistry. We report that incubation of CF-affected airway epithelial cells at 25-27 degrees C is associated with the appearance of a protein kinase A-stimulated CFTR-like Cl- conductance. In addition to the appearance of CFTR Cl- channel activity, there is, however, a decrease in the number of active ORCC when cells are grown at 25-27 degrees C, suggesting that the decrease in incubation temperature may be associated with multiple alterations in ion channel expression and/or regulation in airway epithelial cells.
Increased Active Metabolite Formation Explains the Greater Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel Compared to High-dose Clopidogrel (2007)

Prasugrel pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics after a 60-mg loading dose (LD) and daily 10-mg maintenance doses (MD) were compared in a 3-way crossover study to clopidogrel 600-mg/75-mg and 300-mg/75-mg LD/MD in 41 healthy, aspirin-free subjects. Each LD was followed by 7 days of daily MD and a 14-day washout period. Inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) was assessed by turbidometric aggregometry (20 and 5 microM ADP). Prasugrel 60-mg achieved higher mean IPA (54%) 30 minutes post-LD than clopidogrel 300-mg (3%) or 600-mg (6%) (P < 0.001) and greater IPA by 1 hour (82%) and 2 hours (91%) than the 6-hour IPA for clopidogrel 300-mg (51%) or 600-mg (69%) (P < 0.01). During MD, IPA for prasugrel 10-mg (78%) exceeded that of clopidogrel (300-mg/75-mg, 56%; 600-mg/75-mg, 52%; P < 0.001). Active metabolite area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-tlast) after prasugrel 60-mg (594 ng.hr/mL) was 2.2 times that after clopidogrel 600-mg. Prasugrel active metabolite AUC0-tlast was consistent with dose-proportionality from 10-mg to 60-mg, while clopidogrel active metabolite AUC0-tlast exhibited saturable absorption and/or metabolism. In conclusion, greater exposure to prasugrel's active metabolite results in faster onset, higher levels, and less variability of platelet inhibition compared with high-dose clopidogrel in healthy subjects.
CDP571, a humanized antibody to human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1995)

The humanized anti-TNF-alpha antibody, CDP571, is well tolerated and able to cause a dose-dependent reduction in circulating TNF-alpha concentrations in patients with septic shock. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this antibody to improve the survival rates of critically ill patients with severe sepsis.
Characterization and taxonomic implications of the rRNA genes of Mycobacterium leprae (1989)

The number of rRNA genes of Mycobacterium leprae was determined by restriction analysis of M. leprae total chromosomal DNA. A single set of rRNA genes was found. This set was subcloned from a cosmid library of M. leprae DNA into pUC13 and was characterized by restriction analysis and hybridization with Escherichia coli rRNA genes. The 16S, 23S, and 5S genes of M. leprae were clustered on a 5.3-kilobase DNA fragment. On one hand, restriction analysis of the set of rRNA genes showed the uniqueness of M. leprae among mycobacteria, but on the other hand, it suggested that M. leprae strains of several origins are very much alike. Quantitative hybridization studies between M. leprae rDNA and total DNA of various bacteria demonstrated a close relatedness between M. leprae and corynebacteria, nocardia, and mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Effect of Nitrogen Profile and Fluorine Incorporation on Negative-Bias Temperature Instability of Ultrathin Plasma-Nitrided SiON MOSFETs (2007)

The effects of plasma nitridation and fluorine incorporation on the components of negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-type MOSFETs with plasma-nitrided SiON gates were investigated. To clarify these effects, NBTI-induced threshold-voltage shift was separated into two components: one for generation of traps at the SiON/Si-substrate interface and one for positive charges within the SiON bulk. It was found that the proportions of the interface and bulk components can be controlled with the plasma nitridation method: The bulk component was increased by radio-frequency plasma nitridation, while the interface component was dominant in the case of electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma nitridation. Lowering the nitrogen concentration near the SiON/Si-substrate interface decreased the interface component. Lowering the nitrogen concentration near the poly-Si/SiON interface did not decrease NBTI, while it decreased positive oxide charges in the as-fabricated MOSFETs. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the fluorine incorporation decreases the interface component in plasma-nitrided SiON gates, while it does not decrease the bulk component.
Transparent Conductive Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Network Films for Liquid Crystal Displays (2012)

Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks were applied to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as transparent electrodes substituting indium tin oxide (ITO). While liquid crystal (LC) alignment characteristics within LC cell using SWCNT electrodes showed similar behavior to counterpart using ITO electrodes, its V-T characteristics were somewhat improved by electric-field enhancement effect. In addition, the SWCNT-based LC cell was characterized by a high thermal budget. Therefore, the competitive performance of the LC cell using SWCNT electrodes could allow new approaches to replace the conventional ITO electrodes in display technology.
On the Reform of Traditional Chunk Approach: From the Perspective of Language Awareness (2016)

Traditional approach to teaching chunks has been found to have numerous defects insomuch as it ignores cultivating the learners’ cross-cultural language awareness. This paper makes an attempt to propose a revised model of chunk approach based on language awareness theory. It is hoped the new mode of chunk approach will enhance the practice of tertiary English teaching in China.