gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constrained Optimal Control of a Heaving Buoy Wave-Energy Converter (2010)

The question of optimal operation of wave-energy converters has been a key issue since modern research on the topic emerged in the early 1970s, and criteria for maximum wave-energy absorption soon emerged from frequency domain analysis. However, constraints on motions and forces give the need for time-domain modeling, where numerical optimization must be used to exploit the full absorption potential of an installed converter. A heaving, semisubmerged sphere is used to study optimal constrained motion of wave-energy converters. Based on a linear model of the wave-body interactions, a procedure for the optimization of the machinery force is developed and demonstrated. Moreover, a model-predictive controller is defined and tested for irregular sea. It repeatedly solves the optimization problem online in order to compute the optimal constrained machinery force on a receding horizon. The wave excitation force is predicted by use of an augmented Kalman filter based on a damped harmonic oscillator model of the wave process. It is shown how constraints influence the optimal motion of the heaving wave-energy converter, and also how close it is possible to approach previously published theoretical upper bounds. The model-predictive controller is found to perform close to optimum in irregular waves, depending on the quality of the wave force predictions. An absorbed power equal to or larger than 90% of the ideal constrained optimum is achieved for a chosen range of realistic sea states. Under certain circumstances, the optimal wave-energy absorption may be better in irregular waves than for a corresponding regular wave having the same energy period and wave-power level. An argument is presented to explain this observation.
Lymphocyte migration and multiple sclerosis: Relation with disease course and therapy (1999)

Lymphocyte migration into the central nervous system is a central event in lesion formation in multiple sclerosis. By using a fibronectin-coated membrane Boyden chamber assay, we observed that migration rates of immediately ex vivo lymphocytes from patients with relapsing-remitting, with or without concurrent clinical relapse, or with secondary progressive disease, were increased compared with healthy donors. Migration rates of lymphocytes from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients receiving either glatiramer acetate (Copaxone 20 mg daily) or interferon-beta1b (Betaseron 8 MIU, three times per week) were significantly reduced compared with untreated relapsing-remitting patients. In vitro treatment with interferon-beta1b (1,000 U/ml), but not glatiramer acetate (20 microg/ml), significantly reduced lymphocyte-migration rates, suggesting that the effects of these two therapeutic agents on migration result from different mechanisms of actions. Interferon-beta1b acts, at least in part, by a direct effect on this cell property, whereas glatiramer acetate effects are indirect.
Modal Identification of a Time-Invariant 6-Storey Model Test RC-Frame from Free Decay Tests using Multi-Variate Models (1997)

The scope of the paper is to apply multi-variate time-domain models for identification of eginfrequencies and mode shapes of a time- invariant model test Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame from measured decays. The frequencies and mode shapes of interest are the two lowest ones since they are normally the only ones activated in ground motion shaking of structures. For purely frequency identification, FFT, ARV, ERA and ARMAV models are applied and for mode shape identification, multi-variate ARV and ARMAV models and the ERA are used. Furthermore the results of a finite element analysis are included in the comparison. The data investigated are sampled from a laboratory model of a plane 6-storey, 2-bay RC-frame. The laboratory model is excited at the top storey where two different types of excitation where considered. In the first case the structure was excited in the first mode and in the second case the second mode. It is found that the estimates of the frequency, damping ratio and mode shape for the first mode estimated by the multi-variate ARV, ARMAV and the ERA give nearly identical results for both types of excitation. Also the estimates of the frequency, damping ratio and mode shape of the second mode are nearly of the same magnitude. Compared with the FEM results the estimates are comparable for the first mode while there is a deviation between the FEM and estimated mode shapes for the second mode.
BCOR as a novel fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in a t(X;17)(p11;q12) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (2010)

The majority of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases are characterized by the presence of a promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha(RARA) fusion gene. In a small subset, RARA is fused to a different partner, usually involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation. Here, we identified a novel RARA fusion transcript, BCOR-RARA, in a t(X;17)(p11;q12) variant of APL with unique morphologic features, including rectangular and round cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Although the patient was clinically responsive to all-trans retinoic acid, several relapses occurred with standard chemotherapy and all-trans retinoic acid. BCOR is a transcriptional corepressor through the proto-oncoprotein, BCL6, recruiting histone deacetylases and polycomb repressive complex 1 components. BCOR-RARA was found to possess common features with other RARA fusion proteins. These included: (1) the same break point in RARA cDNA; (2) self-association; (3) retinoid X receptor alpha is necessary for BCOR-RARA to associate with the RARA responsive element; (4) action in a dominant-negative manner on RARA transcriptional activation; and (5) aberrant subcellular relocalization. It should be noted that there was no intact BCOR found in the 45,-Y,t(X;17)(p11;q12) APL cells because they featured only a rearranged X chromosome. These results highlight essential features of pathogenesis in APL in more detail. BCOR appears to be involved not only in human congenital diseases, but also in a human cancer.
Biochemical Regulation of Mammalian AMP-activated Protein Kinase Activity by NAD and NADH (2004)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an energy-sensing protein kinase that is activated by a variety of metabolic stresses that lower cellular energy levels. When activated, AMPK modulates a network of metabolic pathways that result in net increased substrate oxidation, generation of reduced nucleotide cofactors, and production of ATP. AMPK is activated by a high AMP:ATP ratio and phosphorylation on threonine 172 by an upstream kinase. Recent studies suggest that mechanisms that do not involve changes in adenine nucleotide levels can activate AMPK. Another sensor of the metabolic state of the cell is the NAD/NADH redox potential. To test whether the redox state might have an effect on AMPK activity, we examined the effect of beta-NAD and NADH on this enzyme. The recombinant T172D-AMPK, which was mutated to mimic the phosphorylated state, was activated by beta-NAD in a dose-dependent manner, whereas NADH inhibited its activity. We explored the effect of NADH on AMPK by systematically varying the concentrations of ATP, NADH, peptide substrate, and AMP. Based on our findings and established activation of AMPK by AMP, we proposed a model for the regulation by NADH. Key features of this model are as follows. (a) NADH has an apparent competitive behavior with respect to ATP and uncompetitive behavior with respect to AMP resulting in improved binding constant in the presence of AMP, and (b) the binding of the peptide is not significantly altered by NADH. In the absence of AMP, the binding constant of NADH becomes higher than physiologically relevant. We conclude that AMPK senses both components of cellular energy status, redox potential, and phosphorylation potential.
Accumulation of a murein-membrane attachment site fraction when cell division is blocked in lkyD and cha mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (1986)

Membrane fractionation studies were performed on Salmonella typhimurium lkyD(Ts) and E. coli cha(Ts) mutants that appeared to be blocked at a late stage of the cell division cycle. In both cases growth of the mutant strains at nonpermissive temperatures was associated with accumulation of a characteristic cell envelope fraction (fraction OML) that contained inner membrane, murein, and outer membrane components. The isolated fraction corresponded in composition and bouyant density to a fraction from wild-type strains that had previously been suggested (M. H. Bayer, G. P. Costello, and M. E. Bayer, J. Bacteriol. 149:758-767, 1982; K. Ishidate, E. S. Creeger, J. Zrike, S. Deb, B. Glauner, T. J. MacAlister, and L. I. Rothfield, J. Biol. Chem. 261:428-443, 1986) to contain adhesion sites between inner membrane, murein, and outer membrane. The accumulation of OML in LkyD- and Cha- cells was prevented by treatments that blocked DNA synthesis. The effects of interference with DNA synthesis did not appear to involve the SOS response.
Plasma Leukocyte Elastase Concentration and Coronary Artery Disease (1998)

It has previously been shown that leukocyte elastase is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Few studies have addressed the relation between leukocyte elastase concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors investigated (1) the clinical significance of leukocyte elastase determination in the diagnosis of CAD and (2) the relation between plasma leukocyte elastase concentration and lesion morphology. The study included 185 subjects (140 men, 45 women) who underwent coronary angiography during investigation of chest pain; 135 had coronary stenosis (Group I) and 50 had nonstenotic coronaries (Group II). Among Group I patients, those with simple atheromatous plaques were distinguished from those with complex plaques. Elastase concentrations in Group I were greater than in Group II (57.1 +/- 1.16 micrograms I[-1] vs 27.6 +/- 1.0 microgram, I[-1], P<0.001), and greater in complex plaque patients than in those with simple plaques (64.5 +/- 1.24 micrograms I[-1] vs 45.9 +/- 1.01 micrograms I[-1], P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed (1) that elastase concentration, age, and sex had independent value for prediction of CAD and (2) that among Group I patients, the risk of complex plaques was greatest for those with high elastase concentration. These results suggest that plasma leukocyte elastase concentration is a sensitive diagnostic marker of CAD and that high values of elastase may indicate the presence of complex atheromatous plaques.
SCiFI - A System for Secure Face Identification (2010)

We introduce SCiFI, a system for Secure Computation of Face Identification. The system performs face identification which compares faces of subjects with a database of registered faces. The identification is done in a secure way which protects both the privacy of the subjects and the confidentiality of the database. A specific application of SCiFI is reducing the privacy impact of camera based surveillance. In that scenario, SCiFI would be used in a setting which contains a server which has a set of faces of suspects, and client machines which might be cameras acquiring images in public places. The system runs a secure computation of a face recognition algorithm, which identifies if an image acquired by a client matches one of the suspects, but otherwise reveals no information to neither of the parties. Our work includes multiple contributions in different areas: 1. A new face identification algorithm which is unique in having been specifically designed for usage in secure computation. Nonetheless, the algorithm has face recognition performance comparable to that of state of the art algorithms. We ran experiments which show the algorithm to be robust to different viewing conditions, such as illumination, occlusions, and changes in appearance (like wearing glasses). 2. A secure protocol for computing the new face recognition algorithm. In addition, since our goal is to run an actual system, considerable effort was made to optimize the protocol and minimize its online latency. 3. A system - SCiFI, which implements a secure computation of the face identification protocol. 4. Experiments which show that the entire system can run in near real-time: The secure computation protocol performs a preprocessing of all public-key cryptographic operations. Its online performance therefore mainly depends on the speed of data communication, and our experiments show it to be extremely efficient.
Global budgets for local recommendations (2010)

We present the design, implementation and evaluation of a new geotagging service, Gloe, that makes it easy to find, rate and recommend arbitrary on-line content in a mobile setting. The service automates the content search process by taking advantage of geographic and social context, while using crowdsourced expertise to present a personalized feed of targeted information ranked by a novel geo-aware rating and incentive mechanism.
Three-dimensional imaging using spectral encoding heterodyne interferometry (2005)

We present a novel heterodyne approach for performing fast, three-dimensional spectrally encoded imaging. Volumetric data of a volunteer's finger and of coin surfaces were acquired at a rate of 5 volume sets per second with a depth resolution of 145 microm.
More objective diagnoses of venous thromboembolism? (1991)

The clinical diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis is non-specific, i.e. suffers from a large number of false-positive diagnoses. Therefore, the use of objective tests is emphasized. We have investigated retrospectively the increase, if any, in the use of objective tests over a three year period in the Leiden area (1986-1989). We found that the percentage of patients on whom objective tests were used was more than doubled, from 21% to 55%; this increase was accompanied by a 29% decrease in the incidence of venous thromboembolic disease. These opposing trends are to be expected if more objective tests are used.
IP Authentication using Keyed MD5 (1995)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please
Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action: insights from X-ray crystallographic and functional studies. (1998)

This review summarizes the studies conducted in our laboratory on the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action over the past two decades. We have attempted to place our studies on thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in perspective with the work conducted by other investigators that established their nuclear localization, DNA-binding properties, DNA response elements, and the role of other proteins involved in TR-mediated regulation of gene transcription. Recently, our crystallographic studies of the TR ligand binding domain (LBD) revealed that the ligand has a structural role in the folding of the receptor's hydrophobic core. The analysis of the structure led to biochemical and genetic studies that have defined the surfaces on the TR LBD required for dimerization and binding of coactivator proteins. Placement of the mutations found in patients with the syndrome of generalized resistance to thyroid hormone on the TR LBD revealed that they were restricted to amino acids in the vicinity of the binding pocket for thyroid hormone. The insights gained from the elucidation of the TR LBD structure will provide the basis for the design of compounds with selective agonistic or antagonistic activities.
Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC): Exploring C−C Bond Formations beyond Functional Group Transformations (2008)

Synthetic chemists aspire both to develop novel chemical reactions and to improve reaction conditions to maximize resource efficiency, energy efficiency, product selectivity, operational simplicity, and environmental health and safety. Carbon-carbon bond formation is a central part of many chemical syntheses, and innovations in these types of reactions will profoundly improve overall synthetic efficiency. This Account describes our work over the past several years to form carbon-carbon bonds directly from two different C-H bonds under oxidative conditions, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). We have focused most of our efforts on carbon-carbon bonds formed via the functionalization of sp(3) C-H bonds with other C-H bonds. In the presence of simple and cheap catalysts such as copper and iron salts and oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, dioxygen, tert-butylhydroperoxide, and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ), we can directly functionalize various sp(3) C-H bonds by other C-H bonds without requiring preactivation. We demonstrate (1) reaction of alpha-C-H bonds of nitrogen in amines, (2) reaction of alpha-C-H bonds of oxygen in ethers, (3) reaction of allylic and benzylic C-H bonds, and (4) reaction of alkane C-H bonds. These CDC reactions can tolerate a variety of functional groups, and some can occur under aqueous conditions. Depending on the specific transformation, we propose the in situ generation of different intermediates. These methods provide an alternative to the separate steps of prefunctionalization and defunctionalization that have traditionally been part of synthetic design. As a result, these methods will increase synthetic efficiencies at the most fundamental level. On an intellectual level, the development of C-C bond formations based on the reaction of only C-H bonds (possibly in water) challenges us to rethink some of the most fundamental concepts and theories regarding chemical reactivities. A successful reaction requires the conventionally and theoretically less reactive C-H bonds to react selectively in the presence of a variety of functional groups. With further investigation, we expect that C-C bond formations based on cross-dehydrogenative coupling will have a positive economic and ecological impact on the next generation of chemical syntheses.
A Practical Use of Shale Petrophysics for Stimulation Design Optimization: All Shale Plays Are Not Clones of the Barnett Shale (2008)

Abstract The most common fallacy in the quest for the optimum stimulation treatment in shale plays across the country is to treat them all just like the Barnett Shale. There is no doubt that the Barnett Shale play in the Ft. Worth Basin is the "granddaddy" of shale plays and everyone wants their shale play to be "just like the Barnett Shale." The reality is that shale plays are similar to any other coalbed methane or tight sand play; each reservoir is unique and the stimulation and completion method should be determined based on its individual petrophysical attributes. The journey of selecting the completion style for an emerging shale play begins in the laboratory. An understanding of the mechanical rock properties and mineralogy is essential to help understand how the shale reservoir should be completed. Actual measurements of absorption-desorption isotherm, kerogen type, and volume are also critical pieces of information needed to find productive shale reservoirs. With this type of data available, significant correlations can be drawn by integrating the wireline log data as a tool to estimate the geochemical analysis. Thus, the wireline log analysis, once calibrated with core measurements, is a very useful tool in extending the reservoir understanding and stimulation design as one moves away from the wellbore where actual lab data was measured. A recent study was conducted to review a laboratory database representing principal shale mineralogy and wireline log data from many of the major shale plays. The results of this study revealed some statistically significant correlations between the wireline log analysis and measured mineralogy, acid solubility, and capillary suction time test results for shale reservoirs. A method was also derived to calculate mechanical rock properties from mineralogy. Understanding mineralogy and fluid sensitivity, especially for shale reservoirs, is essential in optimizing the completion and stimulation treatment for the unique attributes of each shale play. The results of this study have been in petrophysical models driven by wireline logs that are common in the industry to classify the shale by lithofacies, brittleness, and to emulate the lab measurement of acid solubility and capillary suction time test. This is the first step in determining if a particular shale is a viable resource, and which stimulation method will provide a stimulation treatment development and design. A systematic approach of validating the wireline log calculations with specialized core analysis and a little "tribal" knowledge can help move a play from concept to reality by minimizing the failures and shortening the learning cycle time associated with a commercially successful project.
Malignant rhabdoid tumor. A study with two established cell lines (1993)

MRT cells demonstrated diverse phenotype of neuro-ecto-mesenchymal differentiation. The results of this study suggest that MRT may be derived from a primitive pluripotential cell, such as neural crest or equivalent. MRT, therefore, might be categorized as one of the subsets of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation – state of the art (2013)

Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation is a viable treatment option for injuries and defects that involve multiple layers of functional tissue. In the past 15 yr, more than 150 vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) surgeries have been reported for various anatomic locations including - but not limited to - trachea, larynx, abdominal wall, face, and upper and lower extremities. VCA can achieve a level of esthetic and functional restoration that is currently unattainable using conventional reconstructive techniques. Although the risks of lifelong immunosuppression continue to be an important factor when evaluating the benefits of VCA, reported short- and long-term outcomes have been excellent, thus far. Acute rejections are common in the early post-operative period, and immunosuppression-related side effects have been manageable. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of VCA has proven successful. Reports of long-term graft losses have been rare, while several factors may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic graft deterioration in VCA. Alternative approaches to immunosuppression such as cellular therapies and immunomodulation hold promise, although their role is so far not defined. Experimental protocols for VCA are currently being explored. Moving forward, it will be exciting to see whether VCA-specific aspects of allorecognition and immune responses will be able to help facilitate tolerance induction.