gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamics of Daptomycin in a Murine Thigh Model of Staphylococcus aureus Infection (2001)

Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. We defined the pharmacodynamic parameters that determine the activity of daptomycin for S. aureus using in vitro methods and the Craig (W. A. Craig, J. Redington, and S. C. Ebert, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 27[Suppl. C]:29--40, 1991) neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. In Mueller-Hinton broth, the MICs for three S. aureus isolates were 0.1 to 0.2 microg/ml. In mouse serum, the MICs were 1.0 microg/ml. The protein binding of daptomycin was 90 to 92.5% in mouse serum. Single-dose intraperitoneal (i.p.) pharmacokinetic studies with infected mice showed a linear relationship between dose versus the maximum concentration of drug in serum and dose versus the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). The serum half-life of daptomycin in infected mice was approximately 1.8 h. In single-dose, dose-ranging studies using mice, daptomycin showed a dose-response effect described by an inhibitory sigmoid E(max) (maximum effect) curve (r = 0.974; P << 0.001). The density of S. aureus in untreated controls was 8.26 log(10) CFU/g, and the E(max) was 3.97 log(10) CFU/g. The 50% effective dose (ED(50)) was 3.7 mg/kg of body weight i.p. and the stasis dose was 7.1 mg/kg. Dose fractionation studies at schedules of Q6h, Q12h, and Q24h, for total 24-h ED(30), ED(60), and ED(80) doses of 2.5, 5.6, and 15 mg/kg i.p., showed no difference in effect at each total 24-h dose level by schedule, indicating that the AUC/MIC ratio is the dynamically linked variable.
Minactivin: A human monocyte product which specifically inactivates urokinase‐type plasminogen activators (1983)

Culture supernatants from monolayers of human peripheral monocytes strongly inhibited colorimetric assays of urokinase in which plasmin was measured by esterolysis. This inhibitory activity of monocyte culture supernatant was enhanced after culture with muramyl dipeptide. Inhibition was specific for plasminogen activators of Mr 52 000 and 36 000, as shown by three methods: (1) inhibition of plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis; (2) inhibition at the level of plasminogen activation in a colorimetric assay; (3) the irreversible loss of plasminogen-activating activity, as evidenced by electrophoresis, after preincubation with culture media. The factor responsible for this inactivation (which we propose to call minactivin) had an apparent Mr of 66 000 on Sephacryl S300 gel chromatography and interacted with enzyme in a biphasic manner: a rapid partial inhibition (reversible by sodium dodecyl sulphate) was followed by slow inactivation (irreversible by sodium dodecyl sulphate). It is proposed that secretion of minactivin by monocytes may contribute to regulation of extracellular proteolysis at sites of tissue injury.
Immunization with type 5 adenovirus recombinant for a tumor antigen in combination with recombinant canarypox virus (alvac) cytokine gene delivery induces destruction of established prostate tumors (2001)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is expressed by prostate epithelial cells and has a highly restricted tissue distribution. Prostatic malignancies in 95% of patients continue to express PSA, making this antigen a good candidate for targeted immunotherapy. The goals of our studies are to generate a recombinant PSA adenovirus type 5 (Ad5-PSA) that is safe and effectively activates a PSA-specific T-cell response capable of eliminating prostate cancer cells, and to characterize the immunologic basis for this rejection. Here we show that immunization of mice with Ad5-PSA induced PSA-specific cellular and humoral immunity that was protective against a subcutaneous challenge with RM11 prostate cancer cells expressing PSA (RM11psa), but not mock-transfected RM11 tumor cells (RM11neo). Mice immunized with recombinant adenovirus type 5 encoding beta-galactosidase (Ad5-lacZ) did not generate protective immunity. Antitumor activity was predominantly mediated by CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Although Ad5-PSA immunization prior to RM11psa challenge was protective, Ad5-PSA immunization alone was not able to control the growth of existing RM11psa tumors. In contrast, established RM11psa tumors ranging in size from 500 to 1,000 mm(3) were efficiently eliminated if Ad5-PSA priming was followed 7 days later by intratumoral injection of recombinant canarypox viruses (ALVAC) encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In this case, antitumor immunity was still dominated by CD8(+) T lymphocytes, but natural killer cells became necessary for a maximal response. These data provide information on the effector cell populations in a protective immune response to prostate cancer and demonstrate the utility of an Ad5-PSA vaccine combined with cytokine gene delivery to eliminate large established tumors that are refractory to other interventional methods.
Cyclostationary noise analysis of large RF circuits with multi-tone excitations (2002)

This paper introduces a new, efficient technique for analyzing RF noise in large circuits subjected to true multitone excitations. Noise statistics in such circuits are time-varying and are modelled in this work as cyclostationary stochastic processes, characterized in terms of their harmonic power spectral densities (HPSDs). Results from a large RF integrated circuit driven by an LO tone and a strong RF signal are presented. The analysis predicts correctly that the presence of the RF tone affects the noise significantly.
Molecular cloning, expression, and induction of berberine bridge enzyme, an enzyme essential to the formation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in the response of plants to pathogenic attack. (1991)

The berberine bridge enzyme [(S)-reticuline: oxygen oxidoreductase (methylene-bridge-forming), EC 1.5.3.9] is a vesicular plant enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the berberine bridgehead carbon of (S)-scoulerine from the N-methyl carbon of (S)-reticuline in a specific, unparalleled reaction along the biosynthetic pathway that leads to benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Cytotoxic benzophenanthridine alkaloids are accumulated in certain species of Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae in response to pathogenic attack and, therefore, function as phytoalexins. The berberine bridge enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from elicited cell-suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica, and partial amino acid sequences have been determined. A cDNA, isolated from a Agt11 cDNA bank of elicited E. californica cell-suspension cultures, coded for an open reading frame of 538 amino acids. The first 22 amino acids constitute the putative signal peptide. The mature protein has a Mr of 57,352, excluding carbohydrate. The berberine bridge enzyme was heterologously expressed in a catalytically active form in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Southern hybridization with genomic DNA suggests that there is only one gene for the enzyme in the E. californica genome. Hybridized RNA blots from elicited E. californica cell-suspension cultures revealed a rapid and transient increase in poly(A)+ RNA levels that preceded both the increase in enzyme activity and the accumulation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, emphasizing the integral role of the berberine bridge enzyme in the plant response to pathogens.
GalNAcα1‐3Gal, a new prognostic marker for cervical cancer (2009)

Cancer cells undergo significant changes in carbohydrate expression, and these alterations can be useful as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the expression of carbohydrate antigens containing a terminal GalNAcalpha1-3Gal or GalNAcalpha1-6Gal on human cervix and cervical carcinoma. Monoclonal antibodies to each of these carbohydrates were generated by immunizing rabbits with the corresponding antigen conjugated to KLH followed by hybridoma production. Antibodies were screened and evaluated using a combination of carbohydrate microarray profiling, ELISA, dot blot and immunohistochemical staining to verify specificity. Antibody 132-3 was found to selectively recognize GalNAcalpha1-3Gal with little cross-reactivity to other structurally similar antigens such as GalNAcalpha1-6Gal, blood group A, Forssman antigen and the Tn antigen on both solution assays and human tissue. Although GalNAcalpha1-6Gal expression was not detected, GalNAcalpha1-3Gal expression was found on 55% of squamous cell carcinomas. Expression in normal tissue was observed but was restricted to the suprabasal epithelial layer. Importantly, we found expression of the antigen on cervical cancer had a statistically significant correlation with the 5-year survival rate of the patients (48 vs. 85% for antigen negative vs. positive, p = 0.017). Expression of GalNAcalpha1-3Gal did not correlate with other clinical factors including tumor stage, size and lymph node metastasis, indicating the antigen is a new, independent biomarker for the prognosis of cervical cancer.
Efficient object serialization in Java (2003)

Object serialization is the ability of an object to write a complete state of itself and of any objects that it references to an output stream, so that it can be recreated from the serialized representation at a later time. Pickling, the process of creating a serialized representation of objects, has been investigated for many years in the context of many different distributed systems. Sun Microsystems introduced a simple and extendible API for object serialization in version 1.1 of the Java Development Kit. Application developers can use this standard serialization in their applications, or they can develop custom versions for different user-defined classes. Many distributed applications that use standard serialization to communicate between distributed nodes, experience significant degradation in performance due to large sites of serialized objects. We present a number of improvements to the serialization mechanism aimed at decreasing pickle sizes without visible degradation in serialization performance. Through performance results, we show that it produces pickles up to 50% smaller without degrading serialization performance.
IV. On the theory of compound colours, and the relations of the colours of the spectrum (1860)

Abstract According to Newton's analysis of light, every colour in nature is produced by the mixture, in various proportions, of the different kinds of light into which white light is divided by refraction. By means of a prism we may analyse any coloured light, and determine the proportions in which the different homogeneous rays enter into it; and by means of a lens we may recombine these rays, and reproduce the original coloured light. Newton has also shown how to combine the different rays of the spectrum so as to form a single beam of light, and how to alter the proportions of the different colours so as to exhibit the result of combining them in any arbitrary manner.
Synthesis of 3-Substituted 4-Aroylisoquinolines via Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzaldimines (2002)

A number of 3-substituted 4-aroylisoquinolines have been prepared in good yields by treating N-tert-butyl-2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldimines with aryl halides in the presence of CO and a palladium catalyst. Synthetically the methodology provides a simple and convenient route to isoquinolines containing an aryl, alkyl, or vinylic group at C-3 and an aroyl group at C-4 of the isoquinoline ring. The reaction is believed to proceed via cyclization of the alkyne containing a proximate nucleophilic center promoted by an acylpalladium complex.
Turismo y medio ambiente en las Islas Baleares: la gestión del litoral (2007)

La introduccion en las Islas Baleares de un modelo de actividad turistica respetuoso con el medio ambiente, es un elemento fundamental para el futuro de una comunidad lider en el sector turistico. Por otra parte, la convivencia entre turismo y medio ambiente es especialmente compleja cuando afecta al litoral y a su preservacion, sin olvidar que este constituye el principal atractivo que las Islas Baleares ofrecen al visitante, por lo que la preservacion del medio ambiente costero y la recuperacion de zonas litorales se perfilan como dos ejes fundamentales para garantizar la sostenibilidad del litoral balear.

La administracion autonomica balear ha elaborado un estudio que, bajo el titulo ?Gestion Integrada en la Zona Costera de las Illes Balears basada en el conocimiento? apunta algunos datos de gran valor en el transito hacia la Estrategia de la Sostenibilidad del Litoral Balear. El citado informe parte en su estructura basica del conocimiento de la situacion actual del litoral balear, se fundamenta en los principios de desarrollo sostenible, y debe proporcionar unas pautas de actuacion para las administraciones publicas, los agentes productivos y la sociedad civil, ademas de establecer las bases cientificas y de coordinacion necesarias para avanzar hacia una verdadera Gestion Integrada de la Zona Costera de las Islas Baleares.
[The expression of porcine circovirus type 2 ORF2 gene in insect cells and its character]. (2005)

To produce the recombinant baculovirus transfer plasmid pFast-ORF2, the ORF2 gene of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was subcloned into baculovirus transfer vector (pFastBac(TM1) ) using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. E. coli DH10Bac (Gibco BRL) containing baculovirus shutter vector (bacmid) and helper vector was transformed with recombinant plasmid pFast-ORF2. Within E. coli DH10Bac, the ORF2 gene was transposed into the bacmid. The colonies of E. coli containing recombinant bacmid (Bac. ORF2) were collected by blue/white selection. The Bac. ORF2 was transfected into sf9 cells to yield AcNPV carrying the PCV2 ORF2 gene, referred to as Ac. ORF2. Expression of the ORF2 gene of PCV2 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IIFA), SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The expressed ORF2 gene product had a molecular mass of 28kD and could be recognized by the positive serum of PCV2. The results indicated the ORF2 gene was properly expressed in sf9 cell. It was noteworthy that many self-assembled virus-like particles (VLPs) were found in purified and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) stained PCV2 ORF2 protein by electron microscope. The particles were of similar morphology to the PCV2 virion and some self-assembled virus-like particles had darkly stained centers that made them appear to be empty capsids. Both PCV2 particles and self-assembled particles were approximately 17 nm in diameter.
Influence of plant species and environmental conditions on epiphytic and endophytic pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacterial populations associated with field-grown rice cultivars. (2007)

The total methylotrophic population associated with rice plants from different cultivars was enumerated at three different stages: vegetative, flowering, and harvesting. The bacterial population in the leaf, rhizosphere soil, endophytic in the stem and roots, and epiphytic in the florets and grains were determined from four rice cultivars, Il-mi, Nam-pyeoung, O-dae, and Dong-jin, sampled from three different field sites. The methylotrophic bacteria isolated on AMS media containing 0.5% methanol as the sole carbon source uniformly showed three distinct morphologies, which were recorded as separate groups and their distribution among the various samples was determined using the ecophysiological index. The growth stage at the time of sampling had a more significant effect on the methylotrophic population and their distribution than the field site or cultivar. A similar effect was also observed for the PPFMs, where their population in different plant parts increased from V10 to R4 and then decreased towards stage R9. A canonical discriminant analysis of the PPFM population from different parts of rice showed clear variations among the cultivars, sampled sites, and growth stages, although the variations were more prominent among the growth stages.
Clonal variants of hybridoma cells that switch isotype at a high frequency. (1994)

As B cells differentiate under the influence of antigen and T cells, they frequently switch from the expression of IgM antibody to the expression of other isotypes. This is accomplished by rearranging the expressed variable region gene to downstream constant region genes and deleting the intervening sequences. Some B-cell lines that represent early stages in development switch constitutively in culture at frequencies that approach those of lipopolysaccharide- or lymphokine-stimulated normal B cells. Hybridoma cells represent a later stage of development and rarely switch in culture. In contrast to early B-cell lines, hybridomas produce large amounts of immunoglobulin, and single cells can be assayed easily for the expression of new isotypes. We have used the ELISA spot assay and fluctuation analysis to determine the rate of switching of two hybridoma cell lines. By identifying subclones that switched more frequently, we have progressively enriched for cells that switch spontaneously at higher rates. These cells, like normal cells, switch by rearrangement and deletion, and the frequency of switched cells in some of the clones is comparable to that which has been observed in less differentiated B-cell lines and in normal B cells.
This Month in Investigative Urology: Transurethral Laser Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1991)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1991This Month in Investigative Urology: Transurethral Laser Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia David L. McCullough David L. McCulloughDavid L. McCullough More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)38023-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "This Month in Investigative Urology: Transurethral Laser Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." The Journal of Urology, 146(4), pp. 1126–1127 © 1991 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byOrihuela E, Motamedi M, Pow-Sang M, LaHaye M, Cowan D and Warren M (2018) Histopathological Evaluation of Laser Thermocoagulation in the Human Prostate: Optimization of Laser Irradiation for Benign Prostatic HyperplasiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 5, (1531-1536), Online publication date: 1-May-1995.Suzuki T, Kurokawa K, Suzuki K, Nakazato H, Imai K and Yamanaka H (2018) In Vivo Effects of Transurethral Balloon Laser Prostatectomy on the Canine ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 151, NO. 4, (1092-1095), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1994.McCullough D, Roth R, Babayan R, Gordon J, Reese J, Crawford E, Fuselier H, Smith J, Murchison R and Kaye K (2018) Transurethral Ultrasound-Guided Laser-Induced Prostatectomy: National Human Cooperative Study ResultsJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 5 Part 2, (1607-1611), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1993. Volume 146Issue 4October 1991Page: 1126-1127 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1991 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David L. McCullough More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A file system for continuous media (1992)

The Continuous Media File System, CMFS, supports real-time storage and retrieval of continuous media data (digital audio and video) on disk. CMFS clients read or write files in “sessions,” each with a guaranteed minimum data rate. Multiple sessions, perhaps with different rates, and non-real-time access can proceed concurrently. CMFS addresses several interrelated design issues; real-time semantics fo sessions, disk layout, an acceptance test for new sessions, and disk scheduling policy. We use simulation to compare different design choices.
Application of Chemical Tracers in IOR: A Case History (2010)

Abstract Secondary recovery is a process in which reservoir fluid is mobilized and moved from an injection well toward a production well. The success of this process greatly depends on the knowledge of reservoir continuity and uniformity, in terms of fluid transmissibility, and how much of the reservoir fluid volume can be contacted by the injection fluid. In any water/gas flood injection project, fluid channeling through mini-fractures, faults, and high permeability streaks results in problems such as poor reservoir sweep efficiency and low hydrocarbon recovery. Therefore, knowledge of direct communication between the injection and production wells as well as an understanding of formation heterogeneity can be of great help to overcome these problems. While techniques such as seismic, mapping geological deposition and reservoir simulation provide valuable information about the feasibility of secondary recovery projects, tracer testing is the only available method that provides valuable information on direct communication, flow-path, and formation heterogeneity across the injection and production wells. This paper presents a detailed review of chemical tracer applications in IOR with a supportive case history from a water-flood field. The paper also presents interpretation and discussion of the results on direct communication identification, formation heterogeneity evaluation, and swept pore volume calculation.
DIVERGENT CORRELATIONS OF CIRCULATING DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE AND TESTOSTERONE WITH INSULIN LEVELS AND INSULIN RECEPTOR BINDING. (1988)

We evaluated the insulin response to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and in vitro insulin binding to erythrocytes (RBC) in 26 women from 3 groups: Group NW, normal women (n = 11); Group DS, women (n = 9) with elevated serum DHEAS concentrations, greater than 400 micrograms/dl (greater than 10.84 mumol/L); and Group IR, women (n = 6) with elevated basal plasma insulin concentrations (IRI). There was a significant linear correlation between the area under the insulin response curve (IRI-AUC) and serum testosterone (T) (r = 0.78, p = 0.0001). Using stepwise multiple linear regression, IRI-AUC was characterized as a function of both serum T and DHEAS; positively with T and negatively with DHEAS. In vitro (n = 17), there was a positive correlation between RBC-insulin binding and serum DHEAS (r = 0.54, p = 0.029) and a negative correlation between RBC-binding and T (r = -0.57, p = 0.017). We conclude that DHEAS may enhance insulin binding and action and that DHEAS and T have divergent functional relationships with IRI. DHEAS and T may therefore exert opposing effects on insulin secretion and action.