gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manganese Catalysts with Bulky Bipyridine Ligands for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Eliminating Dimerization and Altering Catalysis (2014)

With the goal of improving previously reported Mn bipyridine electrocatalysts in terms of increased activity and reduced overpotential, a bulky bipyridine ligand, 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine (mesbpy), was utilized to eliminate dimerization in the catalytic cycle. Synthesis, electrocatalytic properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, and infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IR-SEC) of Mn(mesbpy)(CO)3Br and [Mn(mesbpy)(CO)3(MeCN)](OTf) are reported. Unlike previously reported Mn bipyridine catalysts, these Mn complexes exhibit a single, two-electron reduction wave under nitrogen, with no evidence of dimerization. The anionic complex, [Mn(mesbpy)(CO)3](-), is formed at 300 mV more positive potential than the corresponding state is formed in typical Mn bipyridine catalysts. IR-SEC experiments and chemical reductions with KC8 provide insights into the species leading up to the anionic state, specifically that both the singly reduced and doubly reduced Mn complexes form at the same potential. When formed, the anionic complex binds CO2 with H(+), but catalytic activity does not occur until a ~400 mV more negative potential is present. The Mn complexes show high activity and Faradaic efficiency for CO2 reduction to CO with the addition of weak Brønsted acids. IR-SEC experiments under CO2/H(+) indicate that reduction of a Mn(I)-CO2H catalytic intermediate may be the cause of this unusual "over-reduction" required to initiate catalysis.
Highly stereoselective approaches to .alpha.- and .beta.-C-glycopyranosides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly stereoselective approaches to .alpha.- and .beta.-C-glycopyranosidesMichael D. Lewis, Jin Kun Cha, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 18, 4976–4978Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00382a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00382a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4998Altmetric-Citations534LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
[Insertion and removal of Norplant]. (1991)

The family planning service at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, has begun inserting and removing the contraceptive implant system Norplant. A local anesthetic is injected in the arm, then a trocar (sometimes a scalpel) is used to make a 2 mm incision in the skin of the inner arm. One then inserts the six capsules subdermally through the trocar. After inserting the first capsule, it is necessary to pivot the trocar at a 15 degree angle in order to insert the next capsules. After Norplant insertion and removal of the trocar, health workers wrap gauze around a bandage to secure the site rather than use sutures. The insertion procedure takes only 13 minutes. Norplant protects against pregnancy for five years. The Family Planning Association of the Dominican Republic has trained more than 100 physicians at an international training center in Santo Domingo in the insertion and removal of Norplant. Norplant should be inserted during menstruation or immediately after delivery to assure absence of pregnancy. It should be inserted in lactating women six weeks after delivery. Possible insertion-related complications include pain and itching. They tend to be rare, however, (1%, according to Family Health International's experience), and vary considerably from country to country and from clinic to clinic. An infection at the insertion site and expulsion of implants tend to occur two months after insertion. 37.5% of local reactions occur after the fourth month. Most complications are directly attributable to inexperience, inadequate training, or lack of sterile insertion technique. Malplaced implants are difficult to remove. A 4 mm long incision at the insertion site is required for implant removal. Removal lasts 15-20 minutes. Capsules must be removed at five years and new capsules inserted (usually at the same site) if one still wants to use Norplant. A local anesthetic is needed for removal.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (1990)

We describe 263 patients with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia from the Holguín province, Cuba. There is evidence of a common ancestry and the population represents the largest homogeneous group of patients yet described. Primary features include gait ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria, adiadochokinesia, cramps, tremor, hypotonia, abnormal reflexes, and slowed/limited eye movements. Age at onset ranged from 2 to 65 years. There was considerable clinical variability within the families. No patients had optic atrophy, spasticity, pigmentary retinal degeneration, or cogwheel rigidity, and only 1 had dementia.
Heart rate dynamics in refractory and well controlled temporal lobe epilepsy (2002)

In addition to reduced overall HR variability, the long term fractal organisation and complexity of HR dynamics seem to be altered in TLE. These abnormalities in HR behaviour may partly contribute to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, such as life threatening arrhythmias in patients with TLE.
Resistance to Activated Protein C as a Basis for Venous Thrombosis (1994)

There was a high prevalence of APC resistance among young persons with a history of venous thrombosis, and this resistance appeared to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
Biochemical Characterization of Proline Racemases from the Human Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and Definition of Putative Protein Signatures (2003)

Proline racemase catalyzes the interconversion of L- and D-proline enantiomers and has to date been described in only two species. Originally found in the bacterium Clostridium sticklandii, it contains cysteine residues in the active site and does not require co-factors or other known coenzymes. We recently described the first eukaryotic amino acid (proline) racemase, after isolation and cloning of a gene from the pathogenic human parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Although this enzyme is intracellularly located in replicative non-infective forms of T. cruzi, membrane-bound and secreted forms of the enzyme are present upon differentiation of the parasite into non-dividing infective forms. The secreted form of proline racemase is a potent host B-cell mitogen supporting parasite evasion of specific immune responses. Here we describe that the TcPRAC genes in T. cruzi encode functional intracellular or secreted versions of the enzyme exhibiting distinct kinetic properties that may be relevant for their relative catalytic efficiency. Although the Km of the enzyme isoforms were of a similar order of magnitude (29-75 mM), Vmax varied between 2 x 10(-4 )and 5.3 x 10(-5) mol of L-proline/s/0.125 microM of homodimeric recombinant protein. Studies with the enzyme-specific inhibitor and abrogation of enzymatic activity by site-directed mutagenesis of the active site Cys330 residue reinforced the potential of proline racemase as a critical target for drug development against Chagas' disease. Finally, we propose a protein signature for proline racemases and suggest that the enzyme is present in several other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial genomes of medical and agricultural interest, yet absent in mammalian host, suggesting that inhibition of proline racemases may have therapeutic potential.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases : structure, regulation and drug action (1990)

Partial table of contents: SPECIFIC FORMS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES. Calmodulin-Stimulated Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases (J. Wang, et al.). Cyclic GMP-Inhibited Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases (V. Manganiello, et al.). Cyclic CMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase Activity (R. Newton, et al.). ANALYSES OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE FORMS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN SPECIFIC CELLULAR SYSTEMS. Phosphodiesterases in Visual Transduction by Rods and Cones (P. Gillespie). STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF PHOSPHODIESTERASES USING MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES. Molecular Genetics of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases (R. Davis). Structure and Function of the Rolipram-Sensitive, Low Km Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterases: A Family of Highly Related Enzymes (M. Conti & J. Swinnen). DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASES AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS. Cardiac Phosphodiesterases and the Functional Effects of Selective Inhibition (M. Reeves & P. Englund). Second Generation Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Receptor Models (P. Erhardt). Abbreviations. Index.
Diverse lipid conjugates for functional extra-hepatic siRNA delivery in vivo (2018)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapies are proving to be efficient for treating liver-associated disorders. However, extra-hepatic delivery remains challenging, limiting therapeutic siRNA utility. We synthesized a panel of fifteen lipid-conjugated siRNAs and systematically evaluated the impact of conjugate on siRNA tissue distribution and efficacy. Generally, conjugate hydrophobicity defines the degree of clearance and the liver-to-kidney distribution profile. In addition to primary clearance tissues, several conjugates achieve significant siRNA accumulation in muscle, lung, heart, adrenal glands and fat. Oligonucleotide distribution to extra-hepatic tissues with some conjugates was significantly higher than with cholesterol, a well studied conjugate, suggesting that altering conjugate structure can enhance extra-hepatic delivery. These conjugated siRNAs enable functional gene silencing in lung, muscle, fat, heart and adrenal gland. Required levels for productive silencing vary (5-200 μg/g) per tissue, suggesting that the chemical nature of conjugates impacts tissue-dependent cellular/intracellular trafficking mechanisms. The collection of conjugated siRNA described here enables functional gene modulation in vivo in several extra-hepatic tissues opening these tissues for gene expression modulation. A systemic evaluation of a panel of conjugated siRNA, as reported here, has not previously been investigated and shows that chemical engineering of lipid siRNAs is essential to advance the RNA therapeutic field.
Casting out Demons: Sanitizing Training Data for Anomaly Sensors (2008)

The efficacy of anomaly detection (AD) sensors depends heavily on the quality of the data used to train them. Artificial or contrived training data may not provide a realistic view of the deployment environment. Most realistic data sets are dirty; that is, they contain a number of attacks or anomalous events. The size of these high-quality training data sets makes manual removal or labeling of attack data infeasible. As a result, sensors trained on this data can miss attacks and their variations. We propose extending the training phase of AD sensors (in a manner agnostic to the underlying AD algorithm) to include a sanitization phase. This phase generates multiple models conditioned on small slices of the training data. We use these "micro- models" to produce provisional labels for each training input, and we combine the micro-models in a voting scheme to determine which parts of the training data may represent attacks. Our results suggest that this phase automatically and significantly improves the quality of unlabeled training data by making it as "attack-free" and "regular" as possible in the absence of absolute ground truth. We also show how a collaborative approach that combines models from different networks or domains can further refine the sanitization process to thwart targeted training or mimicry attacks against a single site.
Noise-induced large-scale phase synchronization of human-brain activity associated with behavioural stochastic resonance (2007)

We demonstrate that both detection of weak visual signals to the right eye and phase synchronization of electro-encephalogram (EEG) signals from widely separated areas of the human brain are increased by addition of weak visual noise to the left eye. We found a close relationship between the resulting noise-induced changes in behavioural performance and the similarly resulting changes in phase synchronization between widely separated brain areas. These results imply that noise-induced large-scale neural synchronization may play a significant role in information transmission in the brain.
Improved energy model for membrane electroporation in biological cells subjected to electrical pulses (2002)

A self-consistent model analysis of electroporation in biological cells has been carried out based on an improved energy model. The simple energy model used in the literature is somewhat incorrect and unphysical for a variety of reasons. Our model for the pore formation energy E(r) includes a dependence on pore population and density. It also allows for variable surface tension, incorporates the effects of finite conductivity on the electrostatic correction term, and is dynamic in nature. Self-consistent calculations, based on a coupled scheme involving the Smoluchowski equation and the improved energy model, are presented. It is shown that E(r) becomes self-adjusting with variations in its magnitude and profile, in response to pore population, and inhibits uncontrolled pore growth and expansion. This theory can be augmented to include pore-pore interactions to move beyond the independent pore picture.
Iterative Estimation Methods (2004)

In this appendix we describe the various components involved in building an efficient and robust iterative estimation algorithm.
Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of microorganism WSU 86-1044 from an aborted bovine foetus reveals that it is a member of the order Chlamydiales: proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov. (1999)

The structural gene encoding the 16S rRNA of the new obligate intracellular organism presently designated WSU 86-1044T was sequenced and analysed to establish its phylogenetic relationships. The 16S rDNA sequence was most closely related to those of chlamydial species, having 84.7-85.3% sequence similarity, while it had 72.4-73.2% similarity with rickettsia-like organisms. When the sequences of the four species of chlamydiae (Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pecorum) were compared, they had > 93% sequence similarity indicating that WSU 86-1044T was not close enough to be in the same family as current Chlamydiaceae members. However, based on the 84.7-85.3% 16S rDNA sequence similarity of WSU 86-1044T and other previously described characteristics, WSU 86-1044T belongs to a novel family within the order Chlamydiales; hence, the proposal of Waddliaceae fam. nov., Waddlia chondrophila gen. nov., sp. nov.
Cholesterol metabolism in the RSH/Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome: Summary of an NICHD conference (1994)

During the evolution of multicellularity and attendant processes of development, cholesterol played a key role in the formation of the plasma membrane and outer mitochondrial membrane of every cell in the organism. Later functions include pivotal involvement in steroid, bile acid, and vitamin D metabolism and myelination of the nervous system. In the CNS myelination does not begin until the third trimester, and subcortical myelination not until after birth. The cholesterol of the cell membrane of the ovum is maternally derived. It is not known when the zygote begins making its own cholesterol during morphogenesis and histogenesis, but it must occur early to keep up with the dramatic rate of cell division in the embryo. Thus, it is a startling surprise that human embryos and fetuses apparently able to synthesize little cholesterol (because of a presumed defect of the delta 5,7-sterol, delta 7-reductase that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) into cholesterol) frequently live to term and, rarely, may be so mildly affected as to attend school with only mild MR. The discovery by G. Stephen Tint and his co-workers of the apparent 7-DHC reductase deficiency makes the RSH (Smith-Lemli-Opitz) syndrome the first true metabolic malformation syndrome. A teratological animal model which has been known for 30 years now appears applicable to the RSH/SLO syndrome. A multidisciplinary NICHD conference held on September 20-21, 1993 reviewed the numerous implications of this discovery and agreed unanimously that research in this field be given highest priority in order to better understand cholesterol synthesis in the mammalian brain, cholesterol transport from mother to embryo and fetus, pre- and postnatal metabolic compensation in structure and function for a profound block in cholesterol synthesis, the nature of the blood-brain barrier for cholesterol, treatment of affected infants, children, and adults, structure and genetic specification of a 7-DHC reductase enzyme (which has never been purified!) and its evolution, the variability of the syndrome and whether it is genetically homo- or heterogeneous, the population genetics of the RSH syndrome, possible selective advantages (or disadvantages) of heterozygotes, and means of newborn screening, carrier detection, and prenatal diagnosis.
Parvovirus particles as platforms for protein presentation. (1994)

Empty capsids of the human pathogenic parvovirus B19 can be produced in a baculovirus system. B19 capsids are composed mainly of major capsid protein (VP2) and a small amount of minor capsid protein (VP1); VP1 is identical to VP2 but contains an additional 227-aa N-terminal region ("unique" region). A portion of that region of VP1 is external to the capsid, and VP1 is not required for capsid formation. We substituted the unique region with a sequence encoding the 147 aa of hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) and constructed recombinant baculoviruses with variable amounts of retained VP1 sequence joined to the VP2 backbone. After cotransfection with VP2 baculovirus and expression in insect cells, capsids were purified by density sedimentation. Purified recombinant capsids contained HEL. External presentation of HEL was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and immune electron microscopy using anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibodies or specific rabbit antisera. Empty particles showed enzymatic activity in a micrococcal cell wall digestion assay. Rabbits inoculated with capsids made antibodies to HEL. Intact heterologous protein can be incorporated in B19 particles and presented on the capsid surface, properties that may be useful in vaccine development, cell targeting, and gene therapy.
Breast Cancer Patients with Progesterone Receptor PR-A-Rich Tumors Have Poorer Disease-Free Survival Rates (2004)

This study suggests that knowledge of the PR-A:PR-B ratio may identify a subgroup of ER-positive/PR-positive patients with node-positive breast cancer that benefit poorly from endocrine therapy.
Enhancing Cable Modem TCP Performance (2003)

Industry standard Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS™) cable modems provide end users with an always-on, broadband connection to the Internet. Most applications delivered via that high-speed connection are transmitted via transmission control protocol (TCP). The interaction that takes place between TCP and the DOCSIS-defined media access control (MAC) protocol can have a negative impact on the performance of certain applications, and, as a result, negatively affect end users’ experience with those applications. This article discusses the inherent bi-directional behavior of TCP and its performance when used in conjunction with the DOCSIS MAC protocol. It provides typical examples of degradation in TCP throughput and describes how the addition of application awareness and acknowledgment filtering software can be used to improve TCP throughput.
Monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at high risk of relapse. (1993)

The prognosis for adults with B lineage ALL who have relapsed after an initial remission is poor. High-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous BMT can induce prolonged clinical remissions in some children with recurrent ALL. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of autologous BMT in adults. Autologous marrow was treated in vitro with J5 and J2 monoclonal antibodies (CD10/CD9) plus rabbit complement to purge residual ALL cells. Twenty-two adults with B lineage ALL were treated with high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by infusion of J2/J5 purged autologous BM. The median age was 28 years (range 18-54 years). Twenty-one of 22 patients had experienced at least one relapse prior to BMT. All patients achieved complete hematologic engraftment. Disease-free survival (DFS) in this cohort of patients was 20%, with all survivors alive and free of disease between 2.5 and 7.5 years post-BMT. Age at the time of BMT was an important prognostic factor, with patients < 28 years old faring much better than older individuals (DFS, 45% vs 0%, p = 0.01). Our experience suggests that high-dose chemoradiotherapy followed by infusion of J2/J5 purged autologous marrow is as efficacious in young adults as it is in children and is a reasonable alternative for patients who lack HLA-matched donors. Results in older adults are poor, however, and demonstrate the need for more effective transplant strategies in these individuals.
The First Example of an Azaphenalene Profluorescent Nitroxide (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of the first example of an azaphenalene‐based fused aromatic nitroxide TMAO, [1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐azaphenalen‐2‐yloxyl, ( 5 )], is described. This novel nitroxide possesses some of the structural rigidity of the isoindoline class of nitroxides, as well as some properties akin to TEMPO nitroxides. Additionally, the integral aromatic ring imparts fluorescence that is switched on by radical scavenging reactions of the nitroxide, which makes it a sensitive probe for polymer degradation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Integrated-optic devices on LiNbO3for optical communication (1987)

Integrated-optic components on LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> for fiber-optical communication systems are reviewed with respect to technology, fiber coupling, and device configurations. Typical devices for communication applications, such as modulators/switches, multiplexers, switch arrays, and heterodyne receiver chips rely on electrooptically controlled waveguide structures. Their operation mechanisms and performance characteristics are described to highlight the present status of development and of system applications.