gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the locations of the epitopes of five monoclonal antibodies to the core protein of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan II (decorin) (1993)

Antibodies to dermatan sulfate proteoglycan II (decorin) have been used to study various aspects of the structure, function, and occurrence of this proteoglycan. The epitopes of five monoclonal antibodies (7B1, 5D1, 3B3, 6D6, and 1XA) were localized to specific cyanogen bromide fragments of the protein core separated by gel filtration. One large (159 residue) cyanogen bromide peptide was further digested with endoproteinase Lys-C and the peptides separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In this way sequences of a suitable length (21-52 residues) for epitope mapping by synthesis of overlapping hexa- and octapeptides were identified. For each of the five monoclonal antibodies a short linear sequence with antigenic activity, from 4 to 8 amino acids long, depending on the particular antibody, was identified. The locations of the epitopes were correlated with various properties of the protein core predicted from the known amino acid sequence. It was observed that, at most, only one was localized in a region predicted to involve a beta-turn. Although four epitopes were in regions predicted to be moderately hydrophilic, accessible, and flexible, one was located in a hydrophobic sequence predicted to be highly inflexible and inaccessible. The implications of this observation in relation to the function of this proteoglycan are discussed.
A Novel Laboratory Method for Evaluating Induction System Deposits in Gasoline Engines (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This report covers work undertaken at the U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory to develop a laboratory bench procedure for the evaluation of dispersant-detergent gasoline additive effectiveness used for the control and/or inhibition of carburetor and engine intake system deposition. The development of the synthetic crankcase off-gas liquid in Phase I of this project has made it possible to develop a bench procedure that correlates to actual engine results in:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The carburetor throttle plate and throat area,&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The induction system (port and valve areas), and&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;span class="li-label"&gt;3.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Additive effectiveness.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The apparatus is simple in design and operation, and provides the advantage of evaluating both carburetor and intake deposits simultaneously.&lt;/div&gt;
A cryogenic xenon droplet generator for use in a compact laser plasma x-ray source (1997)

A research instrument has been designed, fabricated, and tested that produces ∼25–100 μm diameter, liquid xenon droplets on demand at variable repetition rates of 1–100 Hz. Drops have been produced with low spatial dispersion which allows consistent interception by a high power laser beam to produce x-rays for advanced lithography systems. Experimental sequences of up to 42 min in length have been conducted at 30 Hz, producing over 75 000 xenon drops. This technology allows significant debris reduction from the laser-target interaction. The mass-limited, cryogenic droplets are vaporized, producing no fragments, and the resulting gas can be collected preferentially on a cold surface for later recycling.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Differentially Protected 2,7-Diaminosuberic Acid, a Ring-Closure Metathesis Approach (1998)

An efficient and versatile method has been developed for the synthesis of a selectively protected 2,7-diaminosuberic acid derivative. A Grubbs ring-closure olefin metathesis reaction was used as a key step on an allylglycine-derived template.
A Highly Linear 1-GHz CMOS Downconversion Mixer (1993)

A highly linear, closed loop CMOS architecture is demonstrated for the mixing of RF waveforms to baseband as sampled-data signals. In converting a 915 MHz RF waveform to a 20 MHz spread spectrum baseband signal, the measured third-order intercept lies at +27 dBm of input power. As the 1-?m CMOS prototype dissipates only 12 mW from a 5V supply, and is capable of operation at 3V, it is expected to be of use in advanced handheld wireless receivers.
Monitoring Cocaine Use in Substance-Abuse-Treatment Patients by Sweat and Urine Testing (1999)

Sweat and urine specimens were collected from 44 methadone-maintenance patients to evaluate the use of sweat testing to monitor cocaine use. Paired sweat patches that were applied and removed weekly (on Tuesdays) were compared with 3-5 consecutive urine specimens collected Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. All patches (N = 930) were extracted in 2.5 mL of solvent and analyzed by ELISA immunoassay (cutoff concentration 10 ng/mL); a subset of patches (N = 591) was also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) (cutoff concentration 5 ng/mL). Urine specimens were subjected to qualitative analysis by EMIT (cutoff 300 ng/mL) and subsets were analyzed by TDx (semiquantitative, LOD 30 ng/mL) and by GC-MS for cocaine (LOD 5 ng/mL). Results were evaluated to (1) determine the relative amounts of cocaine and its metabolites in sweat; (2) assess replicability in duplicate patches; (3) compare ELISA and GC-MS results for cocaine in sweat; and (4) compare the detection of cocaine use by sweat and urine testing. Cocaine was detected by GC-MS in 99% of ELISA-positive sweat patches; median concentrations of cocaine, BZE, and EME were 378, 78.7, and 74 ng/mL, respectively. Agreement in duplicate patches was approximately 90% by ELISA analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of sweat ELISA cocaine results as compared with sweat GC-MS results were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 93.2%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency between ELISA sweat patch and EMIT urine results were 97.6%, 60.5%, and 77.7%, respectively. These results support the use of sweat patches for monitoring cocaine use, though further evaluation is needed.
Preparation and properties of a drug‐carrier‐antibody conjugate showing selective antibody‐directed cytotoxicity in vitro (1983)

The preparation and properties of a drug-carrier-antibody preparation are reported. The antifolate chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate was covalently coupled to human serum albumin as a carrier. The carrier-drug preparation was then chemically linked to a monoclonal antibody, raised originally against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, 791T, in a manner permitting retention of antibody-binding activity. The cytotoxic properties of the conjugate were tested in vitro in comparison with carrier-methotrexate and free methotrexate against a panel of tumour cell lines containing both antigenically cross-reactive cell lines and cell lines having low antigenic cross-reactivity with the monoclonal antibody. The cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that coupling of methotrexate to carrier caused a loss of some drug activity but that coupling of the antibody to the carrier-drug preparation permitted full expression of drug cytotoxicity against antibody-reactive cell lines. It was further demonstrated that the conjugate was selective in its action and was preferentially cytotoxic towards antibody-reactive cell types. The cytotoxicity against antibody-reactive cell lines was shown by competitive inhibition by free antibody to be entirely dependent on antibody binding. A clonogenic assay showed that the conjugate was capable of killing greater than 99% of 791T target cells. These results indicate that a drug-carrier antibody conjugate can be synthesized which has all the in vitro properties theoretically necessary for a successful antibody-targeted cytotoxic agent.
Graft Copolymerization of Glycidylmethacrylate onto Fibrin Prepared from Slaughter-House Waste (1997)

Abstract Fibrin collected from the slaughter house in crude form was purified. The purified fibrin was graft copolymerised with poly-glycidylmethacrylate (PGMA) and characterised for the percentage of grafting. The infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric anlysis, of the composite were studied. This biomaterial could be used as a drug delivery system after coupling the suitable antibiotic through the epoxy functional groups introduced by PGMA.
Graph algorithms for clock schedule optimization (1992)

Performance driven synthesis of sequential circuits relies on techniquessuch as optimal clocking, retiming and resynthesis. In this paper we address the optimal clocking problem and demonstrate that it is reducible to a parametric shortest path problem. We use constraints that take into account both the short and long paths. The main contributions are effrcient graph algorithms to solve the set of constraints necessary for correct clocking.
Connexin Hemichannel Blockade Is Neuroprotective after Asphyxia in Preterm Fetal Sheep (2014)

Asphyxia around the time of preterm birth is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of connexin hemichannels would improve recovery of brain activity and reduce cell loss after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep. Asphyxia was induced by 25 min of complete umbilical cord occlusion in preterm fetal sheep (103-104 d gestational age). Connexin hemichannels were blocked by intracerebroventricular infusion of mimetic peptide starting 90 min after asphyxia at a concentration of 50 µM/h for one hour followed by 50 µM/24 hour for 24 hours (occlusion-peptide group, n = 6) or vehicle infusion for controls (occlusion-vehicle group, n = 7). Peptide infusion was associated with earlier recovery of electroencephalographic power after asphyxia compared to occlusion-vehicle (p<0.05), with reduced neuronal loss in the caudate and putamen (p<0.05), but not in the hippocampus. In the intragyral and periventricular white matter, peptide administration was associated with an increase in total oligodendrocyte numbers (p<0.05) and immature/mature oligodendrocytes compared to occlusion-vehicle (p<0.05), with a significant increase in proliferation (p<0.05). Connexin hemichannel blockade was neuroprotective and reduced oligodendrocyte death and improved recovery of oligodendrocyte maturation in preterm fetuses after asphyxia.
The Dictionary of Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics (2015)

Instructions for Users Greek Alphabet and Roman Numerals Abbreviations and Symbols Acronyms A to Z Alphabetical Listing of Entries Units and Conversion Factors Restriction Endonucleases Databases Journals Acknowledgements
Family Theory and Family Therapy Models: Comparative Review with Implications for Nursing Practice (1982)

Although theories of the family and theories of family therapy have different origins and purposes, both provide the basis for a family focused nursing approach. Family theory is a practice theory with a focus on health while family therapy is a practice theory with a focus on pathology. Thus, the contributions of each are different. For nurses to adapt and apply the principles of the two theories correctly, they first must understand whether application of a basic theory with a focus on health or a practice theory with a focus on pathology is appropriate in the particular nursing situation. For example, if a husband is hospitalized, recovering from a myocardial infarction, a family focused nursing approach is mandatory in providing optimal nursing care. Assessment of the family situation will provide clues for the functional or dysfunctional state of the family and the appropriateness of utilizing family theory or family therapy principles. If the current state of family relationships is optimal, application of family theory principles than can be applied to guide health promotion on a family level is appropriate. Organizational and dynamic aspects of the family promoting the husband's recovery can be accentuated, supported, and emphasized in the nursing care. However, if the current state of family relationships is pathological, application of family therapy principles is appropriate. Here the goal of the nursing care is restoration of functional organizational patterns and interactive processes between family members.
Tissue Engineering: Current State and Prospects (2001)

Organ shortage and suboptimal prosthetic or biological materials for repair or replacement of diseased or destroyed human organs and tissues are the main motivation for increasing research in the emerging field of tissue engineering. No organ or tissue is excluded from this multidisciplinary research field, which aims to provide vital tissues with the abilities to function, grow, repair, and remodel. There are several approaches to tissue engineering, including the use of cells, scaffolds, and the combination of the two. The most common approach is biodegradable or resorbable scaffolds configured to the shape of the new tissue (e.g. a heart valve). This scaffold is seeded with cells, potentially derived from either biopsies or stem cells. The seeded cells proliferate, organize, and produce cellular and extracellular matrix. During this matrix formation, the starter matrix is degraded, resorbed, or metabolized. First clinical trials using skin or cartilage substitutes are currently under way. Both the current state of the field and future prospects are discussed.
Robot Kinematics: Forward and Inverse Kinematics (2006)

Kinematics studies the motion of bodies without consideration of the forces or moments that cause the motion. Robot kinematics refers the analytical study of the motion of a robot manipulator. Formulating the suitable kinematics models for a robot mechanism is very crucial for analyzing the behaviour of industrial manipulators. There are mainly two different spaces used in kinematics modelling of manipulators namely, Cartesian space and Quaternion space. The transformation between two Cartesian coordinate systems can be decomposed into a rotation and a translation. There are many ways to represent rotation, including the following: Euler angles, Gibbs vector, Cayley-Klein parameters, Pauli spin matrices, axis and angle, orthonormal matrices, and Hamilton 's quaternions. Of these representations, homogenous transformations based on 4x4 real matrices (orthonormal matrices) have been used most often in robotics. Denavit & Hartenberg (1955) showed that a general transformation between two joints requires four parameters. These parameters known as the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters have become the standard for describing robot kinematics. Although quaternions constitute an elegant representation for rotation, they have not been used as much as homogenous transformations by the robotics community. Dual quaternion can present rotation and translation in a compact form of transformation vector, simultaneously. While the orientation of a body is represented nine elements in homogenous transformations, the dual quaternions reduce the number of elements to four. It offers considerable advantage in terms of computational robustness and storage efficiency for dealing with the kinematics of robot chains (Funda et al., 1990). The robot kinematics can be divided into forward kinematics and inverse kinematics. Forward kinematics problem is straightforward and there is no complexity deriving the equations. Hence, there is always a forward kinematics solution of a manipulator. Inverse kinematics is a much more difficult problem than forward kinematics. The solution of the inverse kinematics problem is computationally expansive and generally takes a very long time in the real time control of manipulators. Singularities and nonlinearities that make the
Relationship between blood flow direction and endothelial cell orientation at arterial branch sites in rabbits and mice. (1981)

The orientation of endothelial cells near arterial branch sites has been compared with flow streamlines near the arterial wall. We detected cell orientation by examining cell impressions in vascular casts of rabbit and mouse arterial branch sites. Flow streamlines were assessed in glass models with flow parameters approximating mean in vivo values. At high Reynolds numbers (large arteries), secondary flow develop near branch sites, and this was reflected in the pattern of streamlines near the vessel wall. At symmetrical Y bifurcations, streamlines originating near the inner wall of the branches are directed toward the lateral wall; thus they appear to wind around the daughter vessels and merge on the lateral wall. A similar phenomenon was observed on a 90 degree side branch. When flow conditions in the Y bifurcation and side branch models approximated those at the iliac bifurcation and renal artery origin, respectively, the streamlines near the walls were almost identical to the patterns of endothelial cell orientation. At very low Reynolds numbers, no secondary flow phenomena occurred and streamlines followed branch geometry. This mimicked endothelial cell orientation in very small vessels. Hence the influence of mean blood flow on endothelial cell was well predicted by the model studies.
Use of Quantitative Gait Analysis for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Walking Performance (2006)

Prosthetists must be skilled in observational gait analysis to perform a rapid assessment of their client's gait in the clinic and make appropriate adjustments to the prosthesis to eliminate or reduce gait abnormalities. Quantitative gait evaluations are able to provide additional, objective information to supplement the clinical observation. Although quantitative gait analysis has become a clinically accepted means for evaluating and documenting certain pathologies that affect pediatric gait such as cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele, routine clinical quantitative gait analyses are not performed on lower-limb prosthesis users. Unfortunately, limitations in our understanding about the pathomechanics of amputee gait and the functions that need to be provided by prostheses inhibit our ability to effectively use quantitative gait data as a means to diagnose and treat observed gait deviations. Furthermore, data pertaining to amputee gait can be difficult to assess and interpret because the data can be highly influenced by the particular choice of prosthetic components, socket type, and suspension, as well as by the residual anatomy, abilities, and psychological well-being of the patient. Studies of prosthetic users reported in the literature tend to indicate a lack of consistency in quantitative gait measures, even in similar populations of amputee subjects who are walking with comparable prosthetic configurations. Therefore, the value of using these data individually for outcome measures is questionable. At present, quantitative gait analysis appears to be beneficial for documenting the rehabilitation progress of patients over time and may be useful for evaluating some prosthetic gaits, but the information may not necessarily enable the experienced clinician to make better decisions regarding prosthetic prescription or modifications. Nonetheless, it is important that we continue to strive to effectively integrate these quantitative measurements with the experience and skill of the prosthetist and the subjective feedback of the prosthetic user.
Autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells, a potential tool for immune-tolerance reconstitution in type-2 autoimmune hepatitis (2010)

T-regs generated under CYP2D6-specific conditions and cocultured with smDCs are highly effective at controlling autoreactive T cells, thus providing the basis for a powerful and tailored form of immunotherapy for AIH-2.
Encapsulation of Magnetic and Fluorescent Nanoparticles in Emulsion Droplets (2005)

Oils containing both fluorescent semiconductor and magnetic oxide nanoparticles are used to produce oil in water emulsions. This technique produces oil droplets with homogeneous fluorescence and high magnetic nanoparticle concentrations. The optical properties of the oil droplets are studied as a function of the droplet sizes for various concentrations of fluorescent and magnetic nanoparticles. For all concentrations tested, we find a linear variation of the droplet fluorescent intensity as a function of the droplet volume. For a given size and a given quantum dot (QD) concentration, the droplet fluorescence intensity drops sharply as a function of the magnetic nanoparticle concentration. We show that this decrease is due mainly to the strong absorption cross section of the magnetic nanoparticles and to a lesser extent to the dynamic and static quenching of the QD fluorescence. The role of the iron oxide nanoparticle localization in the droplet (surface versus volume) is also discussed.
Protease Inhibitors:  Synthesis of a Series of Bacterial Collagenase Inhibitors of the Sulfonyl Amino Acyl Hydroxamate Type (2001)

A series of sulfonyl amino acyl hydroxamates incorporating alkyl/arylsulfonyl-N-2-nitrobenzyl-L-alanine was prepared. Related compounds were obtained by reaction of N-2-nitrobenzyl-L-Ala with aryl isocyanates, arylsulfonyl isocyanates, or benzoyl isothiocyanate, followed by the conversion of the COOH into the CONHOH moiety. The new compounds were assayed as inhibitors of the Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC), a bacterial protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix. Many of the obtained hydroxamates proved to be effective bacterial collagenase inhibitors, the main contributor to activity being the substitution pattern at the sulfonamido moiety. The best ChC inhibitors were those containing pentafluorophenylsulfonyl and 3- and 4-protected-aminophenylsulfonyl P(1)(') groups among others, with affinities in the low nanomolar range. This study also proves that the 2-nitrobenzyl- moiety, similarly to the 4-nitrobenyl one previously investigated (Scozzafava, A.; Supuran, C. T. J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 1858-1865) is an efficient P(2)(') anchoring moiety for obtaining potent bacterial collagenase inhibitors.
Asenapine Versus Olanzapine in People With Persistent Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia (2011)

Two randomized, double-blind, 26-week core studies (Eastern [EH] and Western Hemisphere [WH]) tested the hypothesis that asenapine is superior to olanzapine for persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia; 26-week extension studies assessed the comparative long-term efficacy and safety of these agents. In the core studies, 949 people were randomized to asenapine (n = 241 and 244) or olanzapine (n = 240 and 224); 26-week completion rates with asenapine were 64.7% and 49.6% (olanzapine, 80.4% and 63.8%) in the EH and WH, respectively. In the EH and WH extensions, respectively (asenapine, n = 134 and 86; olanzapine, n = 172 and 110), 52-week completion rates were 84.3% and 66.3% with asenapine (olanzapine, 89.0% and 80.9%). Asenapine was not superior to olanzapine in change in the 16-item Negative Symptom Assessment Scale total score in either core study, but asenapine was superior to olanzapine at week 52 in the WH extension study. Olanzapine was associated with modest, but significantly greater, changes in PANSS positive subscale score at various assessment times in both core studies and the WH extension study. Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was comparable between treatments across studies. Weight gain was consistently lower with asenapine. Extrapyramidal symptom–related adverse event incidence was higher with asenapine (EH: 8.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%–12.5%; WH: 16.4%; 95% CI, 11.9%–21.6%) than olanzapine (EH: 3.3%; 95% CI, 1.4%–6.4%; WH: 12.1%; 95% CI, 8.1%–17.0%), but Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale–Abbreviated total score changes did not significantly differ between treatments. In conclusion, asenapine superiority over olanzapine was not observed in the core studies. Both treatments improved persistent negative symptoms, but discontinuation rates were higher with asenapine.