gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor in sera from aplastic dogs: partial purification, characterization, and determination of hematopoietic cell lineage specificity. (1985)

We have previously shown that human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA) is present in sera from patients with bone marrow megakaryocyte aplasia. In this report, we demonstrate that Meg-CSA is also present in sera from dogs rendered aplastic by 1000 rad total body irradiation. Canine serum Meg-CSA has activity comparable to human when assayed in plasma clot cultures containing human bone marrow mononuclear cells. Because of the uniform high potency and ready availability of aplastic canine sera, it was utilized initially for Meg-CSA purification. Sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation to approximately 80% saturation resulted in recovery of 59%-69% of the serum protein and of 75%-103% of the original serum Meg-CSA. The fraction precipitable between ammonium sulfate saturations of 0% and 44%-50% (fraction I) contained 53%-76% of the initial serum Meg-CSA and 25%-32% of the initial serum protein. This represents an enrichment of Meg-CSA specific activity by over 100%. The Meg-CSA eluted from Sephacryl S-300 in a single peak corresponding to a molecular weight of 175,000. This Meg-CSA peak also contained IgG, but the Meg-CSA did not bind to protein A-agarose. Meg-CSA was 90% inactivated by trypsin digestion for 4 h at 37 degrees C and by exposure to 5mM dithiothreitol for 2 h at room temperature. Exposure to either 6 M guanidine for 1 h at room temperature or 8 M urea for 1 h at 4 degrees C resulted in a 70% loss of Meg-CSA. At culture concentrations capable of stimulating maximal megakaryocyte colony formation, fraction I supported no colony growth by myeloid (CFU-GM) or late erythroid (CFU-E) human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) was not detected in fraction I from two of three different aplastic canine sera tested. Therefore, Meg-CSA is functionally distinct from granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin, and BPA. The data indicate that serum Meg-CSA is a 175,000-dalton protein (megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor, Meg-CSF) in which higher order structure and disulfide bonding are necessary for biologic activity. Partially purified Meg-CSF manifests functional specificity for the CFU-Meg hematopoietic progenitor cell.
Predicting Head Pose from Speech with a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (2017)

Natural movement plays a significant role in realistic speech animation. Numerous studies have demonstrated the contribution visual cues make to the degree we, as human observers, find an animation acceptable. Rigid head motion is one visual mode that universally co-occurs with speech, and so it is a reasonable strategy to seek a transformation from the speech mode to predict the head pose. Several previous authors have shown that prediction is possible, but experiments are typically confined to rigidly produced dialogue. Natural, expressive, emotive and prosodic speech exhibit motion patterns that are far more difficult to predict with considerable variation in expected head pose. Recently, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks have become an important tool for modelling speech and natural language tasks. We employ Deep Bi-Directional LSTMs (BLSTM) capable of learning long-term structure in language, to model the relationship that speech has with rigid head motion. We then extend our model by conditioning with prior motion. Finally, we introduce a generative head motion model, conditioned on audio features using a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE). Each approach mitigates the problems of the one to many mapping that a speech to head pose model must accommodate
Capillary Electrophoresis Chips with Integrated Electrochemical Detection (1998)

Capillary electrophoresis systems with integrated electrochemical detection have been microfabricated on glass substrates. Photolithographic placement of the working electrode just outside the exit of the electrophoresis channel provides high-sensitivity electrochemical detection with minimal interference from the separation electric field. Microchip electrophoretic separations of neurotransmitters in under 100 s exemplify the good resolution and attomole detection sensitivity of these devices. Using indirect electrochemical detection, high-sensitivity DNA restriction fragment and PCR product sizing has also been performed. These microdevices match the detector's size to that of microfabricated separation and reaction devices, bringing to reality the lab-on-a-chip concept.
Studies of the frictional heating of polycrystalline diamond compact drag tools during rock cutting (1982)

A numerical-analytical model is developed to analyze temperatures in polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drag tools subject to localized frictional heating at a worn flat area and convective cooling at exposed lateral surfaces. Experimental measurements of convective heat transfer coefficients of PDC cutters in a uniform crossflow are presented and used in the model to predict temperatures under typical drilling conditions with fluid flow. The analysis compares favorably with measurements of frictional temperatures in controlled cutting tests on Tennessee marble. It is found that average temperatures at the wearflat contact zone vary directly with frictional force per unit area and are proportional to the one-half power of the cutting speed at the velocities investigated. Temperatures are found to be much more sensitive to decreases in the dynamic friction by lubrication than to increases in convective cooling rates beyond currently achievable levels with water or drilling fluids. It is shown that use of weighted drilling fluids may actually decrease cooling rates compared to those achieved with pure water. It is doubtful that tool temperatures can be kept below critical levels (750/sup 0/C) if air is employed as the drilling fluid. The degree of tool wear is found to have a major influence on the thermal response of the friction contact zone, so that for equal heating per contact area, a worn tool will run much hotter than a sharp tool. It is concluded that tool temperatures may be kept below critical levels with conventional water or mud cooling as long as the fluid provides good cutter-rock lubrication.
Fabrication of Ag-Sheathed Ba-Y-Cu Oxide Superconductor Tape (1988)

Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7-δ tapes were fabricated by cold rolling. The critical current density J c apparently depended on the thickness of the tape and increased markedly with decreasing tape thickness. The maximum J c of 3330 A/cm 2 at 77 K in a zero magnetic field was achieved in an Ag-sheathed BYCO tape, 0.06 mm in thickness. The presence of a 20 mT magnetic field reduced the J c value by 1/100.
Reviewing the technological challenges associated with the development of a laparoscopic palpation device (2012)

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has heralded a revolution in surgical practice, with numerous advantages over open surgery. Nevertheless, it prevents the surgeon from directly touching and manipulating tissue and therefore severely restricts the use of valuable techniques such as palpation. Accordingly a key challenge in MIS is to restore haptic feedback to the surgeon. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in laparoscopic palpation devices (LPDs) with particular focus on device mechanisms, sensors and data analysis. It concludes by examining the challenges that must be overcome to create effective LPD systems that measure and display haptic information to the surgeon for improved intraoperative assessment.
Neuroprotective effects of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in a 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's disease model (2016)

Alzheimer's disease patients display neuropathological lesions, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles. Although the mechanisms causing the neurodegenerative process are largely unknown, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of immunity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on Alzheimer's disease progression. First, we explored the effect of Tregs (CD4+CD25+ T cells) and Teffs (CD4+CD25- T cells) in an adoptive transfer model. Systemic transplantation of purified Tregs into 3xTg-AD mice improved cognitive function and reduced deposition of Aβ plaques. In contrast, adoptive transfer of Teffs diminished behavioral function and cytokine production. Next, we transiently depleted Treg population using an anti-CD25 antibody (PC61). Depletion of Tregs for four months resulted in a marked aggravation of the spatial learning deficits of six-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Additionally, it resulted in decreasing glucose metabolism, as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F-18] FDG) neuroimaging. Importantly, the deposition of Aβ plaques and microglia/macrophage was increased in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of the Treg depleted 3xTg-AD compared to the vehicle-treated 3xTg-AD group. Our finding suggested that systemic Treg administration ameliorates disease progression and could be an effective Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Studies of upstream migrant American eels at the Moses-Saunders Power Dam on the St. Lawrence River near Massena, New York (2002)

A number of environmental studies have been conducted in association with therelicensing of the St. Lawrence-FDR Power Project located on the St. Lawrence River nearMassena, New York. Some of these studies have been directed towards determining if there is aneed for additional passage, beyond the existing ladder at the northern end of the MosesSaunders Power Dam, for upstream migrating American eels (Anguilla rostrata). The studiesconducted in 1997-1999 were designed to assess the efficiency of the existing eel ladder and tolearn how and where eels approach the Power Dam. To assess the efficiency of the ladder, 485eels were captured and PIT tagged in 1997, then released immediately downstream of the PowerDam. As of 1999, 34% had entered the ladder and 23% had exited the ladder and passedupstream. Of eels that successfully exited the ladder into Lake St. Lawrence (impoundment),between 6% and 12%, depending upon the year, were recaptured in the tailwaters, indicating thatthey probably returned through the Power Dam turbines. In 1999, eel traps were located alongthe face of the Power Dam and at an adjacent water control structure, Long Sault Dam, to assesswhere and how eels approach the Power Dam. Eels approached the Power Dam unevenly, withsubstantially more eels at the southern end of the Power Dam (43%) than at the middle (23%),northern end (33%), or Long Sault Dam (1%). Recapture of eels following their initial capture andrelease 0.5 km downstream from their capture location indicated that the eels exhibited variablelevels of fidelity for their original capture location. Overall, these studies suggest that another eelladder located on the southern end of the Power Dam would provide additional passageopportunities for upstream migrating eels. Additional studies are being conducted to assess theoptimum ladder entrance and release location.
New treatment possibilities in rheumatoid arthritis: REVIEW (2000)

It is very difficult to predict future treatment modalities especially in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. In the near future, traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) alone, in combination with each other, or together with cyclosporine, FK506, Rapamycin, or Leflunomide, will probably be the main treatment for RA. Currently biological anti-TNFalpha agents like humanized MAb and recombinant TNF-receptor constructs are now launched in the market. This therapy alone, or in combination with methotrexate is very effective in RA patients. There are, however, concerns over increase in serious infections. Autologous stem cell transplantation will probably be used in certain patient with serious autoimmune diseases.
Biased immunoglobulin variable region gene expression by Ly‐1 B cells due to clonal selection (1989)

Most, if not all, autoantibodies specific for bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes recognize the common membrane phospholipid, phosphatidyl choline (PtC). Anti-PtC antibodies are produced by 5%-15% of CD5+ Ly-1 B cells of normal unimmunized mice, but not by detectable numbers of conventional CD5- B cells. At 1 week of age PtC-specific B cells are undetectable but then increase dramatically over the next 3 to 4 weeks to reach adult numbers. We report here that PtC-specific Ly-1 B cells in B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts mice predominantly express either of two heavy and kappa chain variable (V) region gene combinations. In addition, the sequence and length of DH genes are conserved among cells expressing the same V gene combination, and the V kappa-J kappa junctions of one group involve unusual splice sites. Preferential V gene rearrangement models are insufficient to explain the DH and V kappa-J kappa junctional sequences or the delayed appearance of this specificity, and so they cannot solely account for the high frequency of PtC-specific cells. These characteristics are more consistent with antigen selection. We therefore attribute the frequent use of the two V region gene combinations to selection for cells that express them and conclude that the expressed V gene repertoire of Ly-1 B cells in adult mice is influenced by antigen selection. Apparently, there is no selection for mutant anti-PtC antibodies of higher affinity during the formation of the Ly-1 B repertoire because the V region genes expressed by PtC-specific cells are unmutated. Our findings are consistent with an important, germ line-encoded function for the immunoglobulin products of these gene combinations.
Feeding value of wet distillers byproducts for finishing ruminants (1993)

Yearling and calf finishing trials (replicated over 2 yr) evaluated the feeding value of wet distillers byproducts (wet distillers grains and thin stillage). An additional trial estimated the amount of thin stillage bypassing the rumen when consumed by drinking. Yearlings were 5, 10, and 20% more efficient (linear, P < .01; quadratic, P = .05), whereas calves were 2, 6, and 14% more efficient (linear, P < .01) when fed 5.2, 12.6, and 40.0% (DM basis) wet distillers byproducts, respectively, compared with cattle fed a 79% dry-rolled corn diet. Cattle fed 5.2 or 12.6% wet distillers byproducts, or the dry-rolled corn diet, received similar amounts of protein (crude or metabolizable), which exceeded the metabolizable protein requirement of all cattle. Therefore, differences in efficiency were attributed to differences in energy utilization of the diets. Wet distillers byproducts fed at 5.2, 12.6 and 40.0% contributed 80, 62, and 47% more net energy for gain than corn when fed to yearlings and 17, 33, and 29% more net energy for gain than corn when fed to calves, respectively. Wet distillers byproducts averaged 169% the energy value of corn (2.53 Mcal of NEg/kg) when fed to yearlings and 128% the energy value of corn (1.96 Mcal of NEg/kg) when fed to calves. The increased energy values cannot be explained by increased digestibility, but they may be due to a combination of factors (reduced acidosis, increased energy utilization, yeast end products, etc.) that increase the net energy content of distillers byproducts. Approximately 50% of the thin stillage consumed by drinking bypassed ruminal fermentation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Epidermal growth factor increases collagen production in granulation tissue by stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and not by activation of procollagen genes (1987)

The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on granulation-tissue formation and collagen-gene expression were studied in experimental sponge-induced granulomas in rats. After daily administration of 5 micrograms of EGF into the sponge, total RNA was extracted from the ingrown granulation tissue at days 4 and 7 and analysed by Northern hybridization for the contents of mRNAs for types I and III procollagens. EGF treatment increased procollagen mRNA, particularly at day 4. To determine whether this elevation was due to increased proliferation of collagen-producing fibroblasts or to activation of collagen-gene expression in these cells, fibroblast cultures were started from granulation tissue and treated with EGF. These experiments confirmed that EGF is a potent mitogen for granuloma fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of EGF treatment on radioactive hydroxyproline production in cultured cells was inhibitory. The decreased rate of collagen synthesis was also indicated by decreased amounts of procollagen mRNAs. The results suggest that the stimulation of wound healing and collagen production by EGF is due to increased fibroblast proliferation, and not to increased expression of type I and III procollagen genes.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the practice of otolaryngology–an emerging community acquired organism? (2003)

Soon after antibiotics were introduced to treat bacterial infections, resistance to these agents began to emerge. Staphylococcus aureus, a common organism in human infection, quickly became resistant to penicillin; however, semisynthetic penicillins seemed to have tremendous staying power. The recent emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) created a difficult problem in treating many hospital-acquired infections soon after it was discovered. However, now it appears to be spreading into the community at large. Although newer antibiotics have been developed to help manage this threat, multiple-drug resistance remains a fear among healthcare professionals. Eradication of MRSA appears to be an unachievable goal at this time, so attention has focused on decreasing the spread of this organism, often through simple hand-washing protocols. The continued spread of MRSA will have tremendous impact on the practice of medicine and otolaryngology during the next decade and beyond.
Sequence homology between avian and human adenoviruses (1982)

Studies of hybridization between fowl adenovirus type 1 (chicken embryo lethal orphan virus) DNA and human adenovirus type 2 DNA revealed two short but distinct regions which cross-hybridized under stringent conditions. One of the homologous regions was located between map positions 18.1 and 19.3 and did not correspond to any gene recognized so far. The second region mapped in the hexon gene between position 57 and 58.
Successful approach for detection of low numbers of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in minced meat by using the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used as a tool for the detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in minced meat. With two synthetic 29-mer oligonucleotides, a 195-bp fragment from the E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) gene could be amplified specifically. When 6 CFU was added to the reaction mixture as a template, the PCR yielded sufficient amplified product for visualization on an agarose gel. Prior to PCR amplification, the minced meat samples were subjected to enrichment culturing for E. coli. From these cultures, 10 microliters was used in the PCR assay. All 20 25-g samples that were examined in this assay were negative for E. coli LT. However, when 3 CFU of E. coli LT was added to the 25-g samples of minced meat prior to enrichment culturing, the PCR assay yielded positive results.
Inhibition of CD73 AMP hydrolysis by a therapeutic antibody with a dual, non-competitive mechanism of action (2016)

CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) has recently been established as a promising immuno-oncology target. Given its role in activating purinergic signaling pathways to elicit immune suppression, antagonizing CD73 (i.e., releasing the brake) offers a complimentary pathway to inducing anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we describe the mechanistic activity of a new clinical therapeutic, MEDI9447, a human monoclonal antibody that non-competitively inhibits CD73 activity. Epitope mapping, structural, and mechanistic studies revealed that MEDI9447 antagonizes CD73 through dual mechanisms of inter-CD73 dimer crosslinking and/or steric blocking that prevent CD73 from adopting a catalytically active conformation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an antibody that inhibits an enzyme's function through 2 distinct modes of action. These results provide a finely mapped epitope that can be targeted for selective, potent, and non-competitive inhibition of CD73, as well as establish a strategy for inhibiting enzymes that function in both membrane-bound and soluble states.
Apply autocorrelation matching method to outdoor wireless LAN on co-channel interference suppression and channel equalization (2003)

This paper presents an application of a new signal processing technique, called the autocorrelation matching (AM) method, to outdoor IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN operation. Since wireless LAN uses unlicensed spectrum, outdoor wireless LAN may suffer strong co-channel interference from each other. In addition, delay spread in the outdoor environment is comparable to symbol duration, and thus channel equalization is needed. The AM method can solve these two problems simultaneously by inserting three steps in the wireless LAN signal processing procedure: (1) filtering the transmitted sequence with a specially designed filter (called a pre-filter) before the spreading process at the transmitter; (2) matching the autocorrelation function of a composite signal constructed from multiple received signals with that of the desired signal after the de-spreading process at the receiver; and (3) filtering the composite signal with a filter that is the inverse of the pre-filter. It is proven that, regardless of the existence of co-channel interference and intersymbol interference, a match of autocorrelation functions between the composite signal and the desired signal assures the composite signal equaling the desired signal up to a phase difference, which can then be identified from the synchronization prefix to every wireless LAN data frame. Some preliminary simulation results demonstrate that the AM method is effective and adaptive to non-stationary co-channel interference.
The Absence of Interleukin 9 Does Not Affect the Development of Allergen-induced Pulmonary Inflammation nor Airway Hyperreactivity (2002)

Interleukin (IL)-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine secreted by T helper (Th)2 cells and has been proposed as a candidate gene for asthma and allergy. We have used mice genetically deficient in IL-9 to determine the role of this cytokine in the pathophysiologic features of the allergic pulmonary response-airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and eosinophilia. We have demonstrated that IL-9 is not required for the development of a robust Th2 response to allergen in sensitized mice. IL-9 knockout mice developed a similar degree of eosinophilic inflammation and AHR to their wild-type littermates. Goblet cell hyperplasia and immunoglobulin (Ig) E production were also unaffected by the lack of IL-9. Moreover, levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were comparable between wild-type and knockout mice. These findings indicate that IL-9 is not obligatory for the development of eosinophilia and AHR, and imply that other Th2 cytokines can act in a compensatory fashion.
Molecular Aspects of Wound Healing in Diabetes (2006)

Previous research studies have clearly shown that failure of foot ulcer healing can eventually lead to amputation. It is therefore important that the diagnosis and treatment of ulcers is both timely and effective. Two major classes of regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) - growth factors and the group of enzymes termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) - and their effect on healing diabetic wounds are the focus of this study. A number of animal models of wound healing are also discussed, with the aim of developing strategies to improve the rate of tissue repair in diabetes.