gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low‐frequency Electric Cortical Stimulation Has an Inhibitory Effect on Epileptic Focus in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2002)

Summary: Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low‐frequency electric cortical stimulation on epileptic focus in humans. Methods: We stimulated the epileptic focus in a patient with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) by means of subdural electrodes and evaluated the change in the number of interictal epileptiform discharges. We used biphasic electric current of 0.3‐ms duration presented at 0.9‐Hz frequency for 250 s, comparing stimulus intensity of 7.5, 2, and 0.5 mA. Results: Interictal epileptiform discharges at the ictal focus occurred less frequently after the stimulation with the intensity of 0.5 mA. With the intensity of 7.5 mA and 2.0 mA, however, habitual auras were elicited by the stimulation, and afterdischarges were seen on the cortical EEG. Conclusions: Low‐frequency, low‐intensity electric cortical stimulation could produce inhibitory effects on epileptic activity. At the same time, however, a caution for possible induction of EEG seizures is needed, even when applying low‐frequency electric stimulation.
Prevalence of germ-line mutations in p16, p19ARF, and CDK4 in familial melanoma: analysis of a clinic-based population. (1996)

Five to ten percent of individuals with melanoma have another affected family member, suggesting familial predisposition. Germ-line mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p16 have been reported in a subset of melanoma pedigrees, but their prevalence is unknown in more common cases of familial melanoma that do not involve large families with multiple affected members. We screened for germ-line mutations in p16 and in two other candidate melanoma genes, p19ARF and CDK4, in 33 consecutive patients treated for melanoma; these patients had at least one affected first or second degree relative (28 independent families). Five independent, definitive p16 mutations were detected (18%, 95% confidence interval: 6%, 37%), including one nonsense, one disease-associated missense, and three small deletions. No mutations were detected in CDK4. Disease-associated mutations in p19ARF, whose transcript is derived in part from an alternative codon reading frame of p16, were only detected in patients who also had mutations inactivating p16. We conclude that germ-line p16 mutations are present in a significant fraction of individuals who have melanoma and a positive family history.
Oral health promotion practice: A survey of dental professionals in Wales (2002)

A questionnaire survey aimed to provide a profile of the nature and scale of the oral health promoting activities of all dental professionals working in Wales. The self-administered postal questionnaire asked dentists, dental hygienists and dental therapists about how much health promotion, and what types of health promotion they were involved in.586 replies were received and analysed, representing a response rate of 51%. A substantial minority of dental professionals in Wales (12% of the respondents) do not see oral health promotion as a part of their work. Only 20% of dentists report spending more than two hours promoting oral health in a typical week. Health promoting time is primarily aimed at reducing or preventing dental caries and gum disease, with about 40% of respondents reporting no time spent on oral cancer or dental injury prevention. For most dental professionals the phrases ‘oral health promotion’ and ‘oral health education’ appear to be synonymous. Clinical prevention or simple educational methods are used by most professionals and less than two hours a week are spent on these activities. Dentists who have qualified recently were no more likely to promote oral health than those qualified for more than 25 years.
Gangliotriaosylceramide (asialo GM2), a glycosphingolipid marker for cell lines derived from patients with Hodgkin's disease. (1983)

Three cell lines, isolated from different patients with Hodgkin's disease, were analyzed for their neutral glycosphingolipids by high performance liquid chromatography. On two of these lines gangliotriaosylceramide (asialo GM2) was identified by the comparison of retention time to authentic standards and by degradation with specific glycosidases. This glycosphingolipid was also serologically detected with a specific monoclonal antibody of the IgM class. The third line, which according to other criteria such as the Epstein Barr virus nuclear antigen differs phenotypically from the first two, did not exhibit gangliotriaosylceramide. This glycosphingolipid is an unusual marker for human cells and could not be detected on the peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy donors.
Effects of replication termination mutants on chromosome partitioning in Bacillus subtilis (2000)

Many circular genomes have replication termination systems, yet disruption of these systems does not cause an obvious defect in growth or viability. We have found that the replication termination system of Bacillus subtilis contributes to accurate chromosome partitioning. Partitioning of the terminus region requires that chromosome dimers, that have formed as a result of RecA-mediated homologous recombination, be resolved to monomers by the site-specific recombinase encoded by ripX . In addition, the chromosome must be cleared from the region of formation of the division septum. This process is facilitated by the spoIIIE gene product which is required for movement of a chromosome out of the way of the division septum during sporulation. We found that deletion of rtp , which encodes the replication termination protein, in combination with mutations in ripX or spoIIIE , led to an increase in production of anucleate cells. This increase in production of anucleate cells depended on recA , indicating that there is probably an increase in chromosome dimer formation in the absence of the replication termination system. Our results also indicate that SpoIIIE probably enhances the function of the RipX recombinase system. We also determined the subcellular location of the replication termination protein and found that it is a good marker for the position of the chromosome terminus.
Bovine Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1-Binding Protein 2: Molecular Cloning, Identification of Tissue Isoforms, and Immunolocalization to Elastin-Associated Microfibrils (1995)

Monoclonal antibodies to fibrillin 1 (MP340), a component of elastin-associated microfibrils, were used to screen cDNA libraries made from bovine nuchal ligament mRNA. One of the selected clones (cL9; 1.2 kb) hybridized on Northern (RNA) blotting with nuchal ligament mRNA to two abundant mRNAs of 9.0 and 7.5 kb, which were clearly distinct from fibrillin mRNA (10 kb). Further library screening and later reverse transcription PCR by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique resulted in the isolation of additional overlapping cDNAs corresponding to about 6.7 kb of the mRNA. The encoded protein exhibited sequence similarity of around 80% with a recently identified human protein named latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-binding protein 2 (LTBP-2), indicating that the new protein was bovine LTBP-2. This was confirmed by the specific localization of bovine LTBP-2 cDNA probes to human chromosome 14q24.3, which is the locus of the human LTBP-2 gene. The domain structure of bovine LTBP-2 is very similar to that of the human LTBP-2, containing 20 examples of 6-cysteine epidermal growth factor-like repeats, 16 of which have the consensus sequence for calcium binding, together with 4 examples of 8-cysteine motifs characteristic of fibrillins and LTBP-1. A 4-cysteine sequence which is unique to bovine LTBP-2 and which has similarity to the 8-cysteine motifs was also present. Antibodies raised to two unique bovine LTBP-2 peptides specifically localized in tissue sections to the elastin-associated microfibrils, indicating that LTBP-2 is closely associated with these structures. Immunoblotting experiments identified putative LTBP-2 isoforms as a 260-kDa species released into the medium by cultured elastic tissue cells and as larger 290- and 310-kDa species in tissue extracts. A major proportion of tissue-derived LTBP-2 required treatment with 6 M guanidine for solubilization, indicating that the protein was strongly bound to the microfibrils. Most of the guanidine-solubilized LTBP-2 appeared to be monomeric, indicating that it was not involved in disulfide-bonded aggregation either with itself or with latent TGF-beta. Additional LTBP-2 was resistant to solubilization with 6 M guanidine but was readily extracted with a reductive saline solution. This treatment is relatively specific for solubilization of microfibrillar constituents including fibrillin 1 and microfibril-associated glycoprotein. Therefore, it can be inferred that some LTBP-2 is bound covalently to the microfibrils by reducible disulfide linkages. The evidence suggests that LTBP-2 has a direct role in elastic fiber structure and assembly which may be independent of its growth factor-binding properties. Thus, LTBP-2 appears to share functional characteristics with both LTBP-1 and fibrillins.
Enzymatic Decarboxylation of the Aminobenzoates1 (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymatic Decarboxylation of the Aminobenzoates1Willard G. McCullough, John T. Piligian, and Idus J. DanielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 3, 628–630Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01560a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01560a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metastasis: Quantitative Analysis of Distribution and Fate of Tumor Emboli Labeled With <sup>125</sup>I-5-Iodo-2′ -deoxyuridine<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1970)

125I-5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine was used to label pure B16 melanoma cells grown in tissue culture. In vitro and in vivo studies established the optimal, nontoxic labeling dose. C57BL/6J mice were given intravenous injections of labeled cells and killed at various intervals after injection. Blood and organs were collected, processed, and monitored. The label was released only after cell death. It was poorly reutilized and quickly eliminated. Hence, organ radioactivity represented almost exclusively the number of live cells present when the animals were killed. The data permitted the following conclusions: The lung contained most of the tumor cells at all intervals. Some tumor cell emboli recirculated. Tumor cells in the lung decreased in numbers at about 5 minutes post injection and returned to high levels by 10 minutes post injection. Tumor cells died rapidly, and about 1% of cells survived after 24 hours. About 400 melanoma cells were in the lung after 14 days, and those yielded an average of 78 metastases. Apparently very few surviving tumor cells are needed to establish a metastasis.
The Biology of Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides (1993)

Larhammar et al.: Evolution of the Neuropeptide Y Family of Peptides. Allen/Balbi: Structure and Expression of the Neuropeptide Y Gene. Hendry: Organization of Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Sundler et al.: PP, PYY, and NPY: Occurrence and Distribution in the Periphery. Grundemar et al.: Receptors for Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides. Bleakman et al.: Actions of Neuropeptide Y on the Electrophysiological Properties of Nerve Cells. Cox: The Role of NPY and Related Peptides in the Control of Gastrointestinal Function. Zukowska-Grojec/Wahlestedt: Origin and Actions of Neuropeptide Y in the Cardiovascular System. McAuley et al.: Central Cardiovascular Actions of Neuropeptide Y. McDonald/Koenig: Neuropeptide Y Actions on Reproductive and Endocrine Functions. Stanley: Neuropeptide Y in Multiple Hypothalamic Sites Controls Eating Behavior, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems for Body Energy Balance. Heilig: Neuropeptide Y in Relation to Behavior and Psychiatric Disorders: Some Animal and Clinical Observations. Index.
Fluorescent Cassettes for Monitoring Three-Component Interactions in Vitro and in Living Cells (2009)

Two water-soluble "through-bond energy transfer cassettes" (TBET-cassettes) were prepared. They have good extinction coefficients at the donor part and transfer energy to the acceptor parts with good "overall quantum yields" (0.30 and 0.24 in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from one protein functionalized with an appropriate donor can be used to excite the TBET-cassettes on different proteins to probe protein-protein interactions under conditions that would not be possible for single-dye acceptor systems.
Primed T Cells Are More Resistant to Fas-Mediated Activation-Induced Cell Death than Naive T Cells (1999)

Memory T cells respond in several functionally different ways from naive T cells and thus function as efficient effector cells. In this study we showed that primed T cells were more resistant to Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) than naive T cells using OVA-specific TCR transgenic DO10 mice and Fas-deficient DO10 lpr/lpr mice. We found that apoptosis was efficiently induced in activated naive T cells at 48 and 72 h after Ag restimulation (OVA peptide; 0.3 and 3 microM), whereas apoptosis was not significantly increased in activated primed T cells at 24-72 h after Ag restimulation. We further showed that the resistance to AICD in primed T cells was due to the decreased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by Fas-mediated signals, but TCR-mediated signaling equally activated both naive and primed T cells to induce Fas and Fas ligand expressions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that primed T cells expressed higher levels of Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (FLIP), an inhibitor of Fas-mediated apoptosis, at 24-48 h after Ag restimulation than naive T cells. In addition, Bcl-2 expression was equally observed between activated naive and primed T cells after Ag restimulation. Thus, these results indicate that naive T cells are sensitive to Fas-mediated AICD and are easily deleted by Ag restimulation, while primed/memory T cells express higher levels of FLIP after Ag restimulation, are resistant to Fas-mediated AICD, and thus function as efficient effector cells for a longer period.
Kringles: modules specialized for protein binding (1984)

Prothrombin, plasminogen, urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators contain homologous structures known as kringles . The kringles correspond to autonomous structural and folding domains which mediate the binding of these multidomain proteins to other proteins. During evolution the different kringles retained the same gross architecture, the kringle -fold, yet diverged to bind different proteins. We show that the amino acid sequences of the type II structures of the gelatin-binding region of fibronectin are homologous with those of the protease- kringles . Prediction of secondary structures revealed a remarkable agreement in the positions of predicted beta-sheets, suggesting that the folding of kringles and type II structures may also be similar. As a corollary of this finding, the disulphide-bridge pattern of type II structures is shown to be homologous to that in kringles . It is noteworthy that protease- kringles and fibronectin type II structures have similar functions inasmuch as they mediate the binding of multidomain proteins to other proteins. It is proposed that the kringles of proteases and type II structures of fibronectin evolved from a common ancestral protein binding module.
24.1: Invited Paper : Pursuit of Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays (2001)

Abstract The promise of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays is becoming a reality as demonstrated by the passive matrix OLED displays already in the market. The passive matrix architecture cannot support the high resolutions expected by the consumer due to the currents required to perform the high degree of multiplexing. The gap between expectation and performance is driving continued development of active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays that do support the required high information content formats. Pixel‐to‐pixel uniformity across a large area is a key consideration for AMOLED displays fabricated using thin film transistor technologies. Transistor technologies including a‐Si:H, poly‐Si, crystalline Si, and organics will be reviewed with respect to application to AMOLED displays.
A Microfluidic System for Saliva‐Based Detection of Infectious Diseases (2007)

A "lab-on-a-chip" system for detecting bacterial pathogens in oral fluid samples is described. The system comprises: (1) an oral fluid sample collector; (2) a disposable, plastic microfluidic cassette ("chip") for sample processing including immunochromatographic assay with a nitrocellulose lateral flow strip; (3) a platform that controls the cassette operation by providing metered quantities of reagents, temperature regulation, valve actuation; and (4) a laser scanner to interrogate the lateral flow strip. The microfluidic chip hosts a fluidic network for cell lysis, nucleic acid extraction and isolation, PCR, and labeling of the PCR product with bioconjugated, upconverting phosphor particles for detection on the lateral flow strip.
The Role of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (2005)

In the letter “The Role of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Chronic Allograft Nephropathy” in the January 27, 2004 issue of Transplantation (1), Dr. Mahawar makes a few comments about our article published in the June 15, 2003 issue of Transplantation (2). Approximately 150–200 renal transplantations are performed in the Helsinki University Hospital Transplantation Center annually. The patients included in our retrospective study were selected from a population of renal transplant recipients, transplanted between 1994 and 2000, who were at follow-up at the Helsinki University Hospital Division of Nephrology and who had had a suspicion of CMV infection (n=172). The patients are not monitored for the presence of CMV, and samples for the detection of CMV are only taken when infection is suspected. Those 11 patients, with no evidence of CMV infection despite several samples at different time points, were selected as control patients. In addition, only patients with a protocol biopsy taken at 6 months after transplantation were included in the study. Thus, the numbers of positive and control patients in our study do not reflect the incidence of CMV infection in our centre. Dr. Mahawar refers to the definitions of “CMV infection” and “CMV disease” by the International CMV Workshop from 1995 (3). The definitions of CMV-related terminology have been updated during the past years and recently 2 years ago with some changes (4). According to the latest update, CMV end-organ disease in the kidney, “CMV nephritis”, is defined as histologic features of CMV infection in the kidney together with detection of CMV in the kidney biopsy. In addition, the term “CMV syndrome” should be avoided, according to the latest update. Therefore, we believe, that the term “CMV infection” was relevant to describe the patients in our study. It is also in agreement with the updated definitions of CMV infection (4). Ilkka Helanterä Raisa Loginov Irmeli Lautenschlager Transplant Unit Research Laboratory Department of Virology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland Ilkka Helanterä Petri Koskinen Tom Törnroth Carola Grönhagen-Riska Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
Recent advances in high-power and high-energy multicore fiber lasers (2004)

Since the observation in June 2000 of a high-brightness beam emitted from a 7-core Yb-doped phase-locked fiber laser array, much progress has been made to advance this laser technology by (1) increasing the number of the Yb-doped cores from 7 to 19, (2) establishing a power-scaling model for fabricating a multicore fiber laser containing 127 cores, that can potentially yield an output power greater than 10 KW, (3) developing a demountable side-pumping coupler to allow injection of the diode laser pump directly into the fiber along its length, (4) improving the beam quality with appropriate choice of the fiber parameters, and (5) enhancing the Q-switched laser energy utilizing multicore fiber laser arrays. This paper will present details on these developments.
A Conserved DpYR Motif in the Juxtamembrane Domain of the Met Receptor Family Forms an Atypical c-Cbl/Cbl-b Tyrosine Kinase Binding Domain Binding Site Required for Suppression of Oncogenic Activation (2004)

The activation and phosphorylation of Met, the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for hepatocyte growth factor, initiates the recruitment of multiple signaling proteins, one of which is c-Cbl, a ubiquitin-protein ligase. c-Cbl promotes ubiquitination and enhances the down-modulation of the Met receptor and other RTKs, targeting them for lysosomal sorting and subsequent degradation. The ubiquitination of Met by c-Cbl requires the direct interaction of the c-Cbl tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain with tyrosine 1003 in the Met juxtamembrane domain. Although a consensus for c-Cbl TKB domain binding has been established ((D/N)XpYXX(D/E0phi), this motif is not present in Met, suggesting that other c-Cbl TKB domain binding motifs may exist. By alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified a DpYR motif including Tyr(1003) as being important for the direct recruitment of the c-Cbl TKB domain and for ubiquitination of the Met receptor. The substitution of Tyr(1003) with phenylalanine or substitution of either aspartate or arginine residues with alanine impairs c-Cbl-recruitment and ubiquitination of Met and results in the oncogenic activation of the Met receptor. We demonstrate that the TKB domain of Cbl-b, but not Cbl-3, binds to the Met receptor and requires an intact DpYR motif. Modeling studies suggest the presence of a salt bridge between the aspartate and arginine residues that would position pTyr(1003) for binding to the c-Cbl TKB domain. The DpYR motif is conserved in other members of the Met RTK family but is not present in previously identified c-Cbl-binding proteins, identifying DpYR as a new binding motif for c-Cbl and Cbl-b.
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Court-Appointed Experts (2006)

This article shamelessly borrows its subtitles-the Court's Tale and the Expert's Tale-from Chaucer's tale-telling. The two tales examine the life cycle of a case utilizing a court-appointed expert. The Court's Tale begins with a presumption against the court-appointed expert. Certain characteristics of a dispute, however, may be sufficient to rebut this presumption. The Court's Tale tells of one such case. The case involved complex damage calculations and irreconcilable positions that invite an objective analysis. The article then turns toward the Expert's Tale which describes how an expert helped resolve the problem. Following the Expert's Tale, the court assesses the outcome of the collaboration.