gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone (hGH) by Fusing the Carboxyl-Terminal Peptide of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin β-Subunit to the Coding Sequence of hGH (2010)

Chimeric genes were constructed by fusing of human GH (hGH) cDNA to one, two, or three cassettes of the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-beta-subunit. hGH variant genes were inserted into the pCI-DHFR plasmid, transfected into DG44 cells, and stable clones were selected. Bioactivity and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in hypophysectomized Sprague Dawley derived male rats. The results indicated that sc injections of GH-wild-type (WT), Biotropin (commercial), GH-CTP, or CTP-GH (0.6 mg/kg) once every 5 d for 11 d (total dose of 1.2 mg/kg) resulted in an increased weight gain by 4, 4.9, 5.1, and 7 g, respectively. Treatment with CTP-GH-CTP-CTP (GH-LA) or CTP-GH-CTP (0.6 mg/kg) once every 5 d for 11 d or with Biotropin (0.12 mg/kg) daily for 11 d (total dose 1.2 mg/kg) resulted in a dramatic increase in weight gain of 16.5, 16.8, and 17 g, respectively. Repeated injections with different doses of GH-LA, 0.6, 1.8 mg/kg every 4 d or daily injection of 0.12 mg/kg of Biotropin increased the weight gain by 16, 28, and 18 gr, respectively. In addition, the cumulative serum levels of IGF-I after injection of GH-LA was significantly higher than that detected after injection of Biotropin. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the half-life, mean residence time, area under the curve, time of maximal plasma concentration, and maximal plasma concentration of GH-LA are dramatically increased compared with Biotropin. This may suggest that the mechanism of GH metabolic clearance is affected by the presence of CTP. These data establish a rationale for using this chimera as a long-acting GH analog.
Clinical Relevance of Intraperitoneal Pressure in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2017)

Our supine IPPs were higher than others published in adults. Intraperitoneal pressure has an individual value associated with body size. Greater IPP was correlated with lower daily total UF and more hernias and leakages. The measurement of IPP is a simple technique and can help with PD prescription, especially in obese patients.
Body height as a determinant of carotid pulse contour in humans (1992)

Body height is a determinant of arterial wave reflections and peak systolic blood pressure in humans.
Asp-70–>Lys mutant of factor X lacks high affinity Ca2+ binding site yet retains function. (1994)

To study the role of a putative high affinity Ca2+ binding site in the protease domain of factor X, we prepared a deletion mutant (E2FX) lacking the Gla and first epidermal growth factor-like domains. E2FX possesses a single high affinity Ca2+ binding site (Kd = 154 microM). Asp-70 or Glu-80 (chymotrypsin numbering system) was then converted to Lys. These mutants, E2FXD70K and E2FXE80K, allow examination of the Ca(2+)-dependent assembly of activation complexes involving substrate and enzyme forms of factor X that do not bind Ca2+. E2FXD70K and E2FXE80K share similar properties. They retain functional activity, but the D70K mutant no longer binds Ca2+, and neither mutant exhibits a Ca(2+)-dependent increase in peptide chromogenic substrate activity. Activation of E2FXD70K by the soluble tissue factor-factor VIIa complex was still Ca(2+)-dependent (Kd(app) = 133 +/- 38 microM), but the Kd(app) for Ca2+ was decreased relative to E2FX (Kd(app) = 205 +/- 53 microM). Prothrombin or prethrombin 1 activation by the E2FXaD70K in the presence of factor Va was also Ca(2+)-dependent (Kd(app) = 124 +/- 47 microM and 102 +/- 38 microM, respectively), and the Kd(app) was again lower than that of E2FXa (272 +/- 79 microM and 179 +/- 54 microM, respectively). In the absence of factor Va, activation of prethrombin 1 by E2FXaD70K was not influenced by Ca2+, but activation by E2FXa was enhanced (Kd(app) = 161 +/- 32 microM). The results suggest the presence of functionally important Ca2+ binding sites in components of the factor X and prothrombin activation complexes that do not involve factor X. Furthermore, the Ca2+ binding sites in factor X and trypsin appear to be structurally similar. The Asp or Glu-->Lys mutations within this site may create an internal salt bridge that conserves factor X (Xa) function even in the absence of Ca2+.
Synergism between the Anticancer Actions of 2-Methoxyestradiol and Microtubule-Disrupting Agents in Human Breast Cancer (2005)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeO-E(2)), a well-known nonpolar endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, has strong antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic actions in vitro and in vivo at pharmacologic concentrations. We determined in the present study whether 2-MeO-E(2) can enhance the anticancer actions of paclitaxel or vinorelbine (two commonly used microtubule-disrupting agents) in several human breast cancer cell lines, including the estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 and T-47D cells and the receptor-negative MDA-MB-435s and MDA-MB-231 cells. 2-MeO-E(2) in combination with paclitaxel or vinorelbine exhibited a synergistic anticancer effect in these human breast cancer cells in vitro, and this synergistic effect was more pronounced when each of the drugs was used at relatively low concentrations. Additional experiments using female athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice showed that p.o. administration of 2-MeO-E(2) at 30 mg/kg body weight, once a week for 6 weeks, markedly enhanced the activity of paclitaxel or vinorelbine against the growth of the estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts in these animals. By contrast, combination of 2-MeO-E(2) with 5-fluorouracil only had a partial additive effect against the growth of these cell lines in culture, and no synergistic effect was observed. Interestingly, when doxorubicin was used in combination with 2-MeO-E(2), the antiproliferative effect of 2-MeO-E(2) was somewhat antagonized by doxorubicin when it was present at high concentrations. Our results showed that 2-MeO-E(2) at nontoxic or subtoxic doses selectively enhanced the effects of certain microtubule-disrupting agents (such as paclitaxel and vinorelbine) against the growth of the receptor-negative human breast cancer cells in culture and also in athymic nude mice.
Modulation of human monocytes by Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin B‐subunit; altered cytokine production and its functional consequences (2002)

In murine systems, the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) is a potent immunomodulator capable of suppressing Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases. This results from its ability to bind cell surface receptors, principally GM1-ganglioside, and as a consequence down-regulate the pathological T helper type 1 (Th1) response. The capacity of EtxB to alter human T-cell responses has not been investigated. Here we show that EtxB, but not the receptor non-binding mutant EtxB (G33D), triggers the release of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by human monocytes. The production of IL-8, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or IL-12 was not enhanced by EtxB. Indeed, EtxB was shown to inhibit IL-12 secretion in monocytes stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by an IL-10-independent mechanism. When EtxB-treated monocytes were used as antigen presenting cells in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), IL-10 and IFN-gamma production were increased in comparison to levels seen in cultures stimulated with untreated monocytes; proliferation was unaltered. This modulation of the T-cell response was not only evident in the primary MLR triggered by EtxB-treated monocytes, but also upon restimulation of the responding T cells with fresh untreated monocytes; indicating that presentation by EtxB-treated monocytes leads to altered T-cell differentiation. Sorting experiments showed that IL-10 secreting T cells from the MLR cultures were strong suppressors of T-cell proliferation following their addition into a fresh primary MLR.
A managed security environment for enterprise iPhones (2012)

Due to the increasing use of smartphones, enterprise entities are beginning to need tools to ensure their data information security. However, very few tools have been developed to support this growing need. In this work, we demonstrate an understanding of Virtual Private Network servers, packet sniffing, and logging technologies, all of which embody many principles of smartphone managed network security. Our technique of establishing a VPN server as a middleman while using advanced packet sniffing technology is a stepping stone for a possible option that would empower a network or security administrator to better determine if their organization's information assurance policies are being violated.
Second Generation Issues in Cartilage Repair (2008)

In recent years, regenerative techniques, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), have emerged as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of chondral lesions. However, the good results reported have to be weighed against the number of problems that can be observed with traditional ACI methods. To address these problems, the so-called second generation ACI techniques have been developed. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation on a 3-dimensional matrix was introduced in clinical practice from 1998 to 1999 and results at short to medium-term follow-up are well documented for different types of scaffolds. These techniques may be used for the treatment of large chondral lesions in the young, active population and highly competitive athletes, but long-term and randomized controlled studies will be needed to confirm reliability of these procedures.
Effects of a novel cell stabilizing reagent on DNA amplification by PCR as compared to traditional stabilizing reagents (2013)

Stabilization of nucleated blood cells by cell stabilizing reagent (BCT reagent) present in the Cell-Free DNA BCT blood collection device and consequent prevention of cell-free DNA contamination by cellular DNA during sample storage and shipping have previously been reported. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of this novel cell stabilizing reagent on DNA amplification by PCR as compared to traditional cell stabilizing reagents, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. A 787 bp long DNA fragment from human glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was amplified by PCR and used as model system. DNA samples and blood samples were treated with BCT reagent, 0.1% formaldehyde or 0.1% glutaraldehyde at room temperature. DNA amplification was studied using conventional and real-time quantitative PCR. Results indicate that exposure of DNA to the BCT reagent for up to 14 days had no effect on DNA amplification by PCR as compared to the untreated control DNA. However, there was statistically significant decrease in DNA amplification in the DNA samples treated with formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. We conclude that the BCT reagent used in Cell-Free DNA BCT blood collection device to prevent cell-free DNA contamination by cellular DNA had no effect on DNA amplification by PCR.
Redefining a Structural Variant of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec , SCC mec Type VI (2006)

Previously we identified a SCCmec variant similar in size to type IV but with a new ccrAB allotype, allotype 4. We addressed the epidemiological relevance of this variant and found it among several strains belonging to the same clone. We propose to rename this structural variant SCCmec type VI.
Modulation of Angiogenesis by a Tetrameric Tripeptide That Antagonizes Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, also known as Flt-1) is involved in complex biological processes often associated to severe pathological conditions like cancer, inflammation, and metastasis formation. Consequently, the search for antagonists of Flt-1 has recently gained a growing interest. Here we report the identification of a tetrameric tripeptide from a combinatorial peptide library built using non-natural amino acids, which binds Flt-1 and inhibits in vitro its interaction with placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and B (IC(50) approximately 10 microm). The peptide is stable in serum for 7 days and prevents both Flt-1 phosphorylation and the capillary-like tube formation of human primary endothelial cells stimulated by PlGF or VEGF-A. Conversely, the identified peptide does not interfere in VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 activation. In vivo, this peptide inhibits VEGF-A- and PlGF-induced neoangiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. In contrast, in the cornea, where avascularity is maintained by high levels of expression of the soluble form of Flt-1 receptor (sFlt-1) that prevents the VEGF-A activity, the peptide is able to stimulate corneal mouse neovascularization in physiological condition, as reported previously for others neutralizing anti-Flt-1 molecules. This tetrameric tripeptide represents a new, promising compound for therapeutic approaches in pathologies where Flt-1 activation plays a crucial role.
Molecular Weight Dependence of Zero-Shear Viscosity in Atactic Polypropylene Bottlebrush Polymers (2014)

A series of bottlebrush polymers with atactic polypropylene side chains were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization using Grubbs' third-generation catalyst (H<sub>2</sub>IMes)(3-BrPy)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)<sub>2</sub>Ru═CHPh. Polymers were prepared with fixed side chain length and variable backbone degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 11 to 732 (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 22-1500 kg/mol) and include the largest reported polyolefin-based bottlebrush polymers. The zero-shear viscosity of each polymer sample was measured using small-amplitude oscillatory shear measurements. Power law fits of zero-shear viscosity (η<sub>0</sub>) versus weight-average molar mass (η<sub>0</sub> ∼ <i>M</i><sub>w</sub><sup>α</sup>) revealed distinct regimes with differing molecular weight dependences. A weak dependence (α < 0.5) was observed at low molecular weight due to the increasingly compact nature of short bottlebrush polymers with the continued addition of side chains. The scaling transitioned to Rouse-like dynamics (α = 1.2) at high molecular weight as a consequence of a sphere-to-cylinder conformational change with increasing DP of the bottlebrush backbone.
Pharmacokinetics and microdistribution of polyethylene glycol‐modified humanized A33 antibody targeting colon cancer xenografts (2000)

Therapeutic proteins have been conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) to reduce immunogenicity and enhance circulating dose. Here we have investigated the effect of PEGylation on immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and histologic microdistribution of tumor-targeting antibodies with humanized A33 antibody (huA33) as a model system. Conjugation of huA33 with methoxy-PEG of M r 5,000 (32%-34% of primary amines modified) or M r 20,000 (16%-18% modification) preserved >50% of native huA33 binding to SW1222 colon cancer cells. In mice, both PEGylated forms cleared from serum moderately slower than native huA33. After repeated immunization with PEG-huA33, antiantibody titers in immunocompetent mice were <5% of those in huA33-treated controls. Both PEG-huA33 forms reached approx. 75% of the maximum tumor dose of huA33 in SW1222-xenografted mice, but their tumor:blood ratios were considerably reduced. To demonstrate immunologic specificity of PEG-huA33 targeting in SW1222 tumor-bearing mice, antigenic sites were presaturated by injecting excess native huA33. This reduced subsequent uptake of PEG-huA33 by up to 80%, whereas presaturation with hu3S193 control antibody had no significant effect. To assess the microdistribution of antibody uptake in the same xenograft model, tumor tissue resected at different time points after antibody administration was examined for human IgG by immunohistochemistry. Both PEG preparations achieved the same peak staining intensity and homogeneity as native huA33 with a delay of several hours. Given the measured reduction in immunoreactivity in vitro, these results demonstrate that the tumor targeting potential of huA33 in vivo is preserved at PEGylation levels sufficient to suppress immunogenicity.
Short RNA duplexes produced by hydrolysis with Escherichia coli RNase III mediate effective RNA interference in mammalian cells (2002)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a powerful tool for selectively silencing gene expression in cultured mammalian cells. Because different siRNAs of the same gene have variable silencing capacities, RNA interference with synthetic siRNA is inefficient and cost intensive, especially for functional genomic studies. Here we report the use of Escherichia coli RNase III to cleave double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into endoribonuclease-prepared siRNA (esiRNA) that can target multiple sites within an mRNA. esiRNA recapitulates the potent and specific inhibition by long dsRNA in Drosophila S2 cells. In contrast to long dsRNA, esiRNA mediates effective RNA interference without apparent nonspecific effect in cultured mammalian cells. We found that sequence-specific interference by esiRNA and the nonspecific IFN response activated by long dsRNA are independent pathways in mammalian cells. esiRNA works by eliciting the destruction of its cognate mRNA. Because of its simplicity and potency, this approach is useful for analysis of mammalian gene functions.
Choroidal detachment with flat anterior chamber after cyclocryotherapy. (1979)

A 50-year-old black man with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma developed a flat anterior chamber after cyclocryotherapy. Because of poor visualization secondary to a cataract, ultrasonography was used to confirm the diagnosis of a large choroidal detachment. After suprachoroidal drainage and reformation of the anterior chamber, the patient has done well.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM (1965)

An electron microscopic examination of Porphyridium cruentum revealed the presence of mitochondria which had been reported absent in this aerobic organism. The chloroplast in this red alga was found to contain small granules (about 320 A) regularly arranged along the parallel chloroplast lamellae. The chloroplast granules differ in size and staining intensity from the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. Two tubular elements are described. One type (450 to 550 A) is associated with the Golgi bodies. Another type (350 A), in the cell periphery, is believed to connect the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane. Daughter nuclei were found to be positioned at opposite ends of the cell prior to commencement of cell division. Cytokinesis is accomplished by an annular median constriction causing the gradual separation of the chloroplast, pyrenoid, and other cell organelles, resulting in two equal daughter cells. No appreciable differences were observed between cells grown in high light (400 ft-c) and low light (40 ft-c). Structural differences between young and old cells were compared.
Induction of Fc (IgG) Receptor(s) by Simian Cytomegaloviruses in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts (1988)

Human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts infected with simian cytomegalovirus (SCMV) were found to bind nonspecifically to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin (Ig) G (IgG). Binding of IgG to SCMV-infected HEL fibroblasts, but not to uninfected HEL cells, was visualized as cytoplasmic fluorescence by the indirect immunofluorescence test, regardless of the presence of anti-CMV antibodies. The receptor(s) reacted with the IgG class of different species, but not with IgM and IgA. The purified Fc fragment reacted with the receptor(s), but the Fab fragment reacted poorly. The reaction was blocked by pretreatment of infected cells with the Fc fragment, but was not blocked with the Fab fragment. The appearance of the Fc receptor(s) required RNA and protein synthesis, whereas a requirement for DNA synthesis remains to be answered by a more sensitive assay. The development of the Fc receptor(s) was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, thus indicating that the Fc receptor(s) may be a glycoprotein(s). The Fc receptor(s) was induced by all strains of SCMV tested so far. These included one laboratory strain (GR2757), four fresh isolates from primary kidney cell cultures of African green monkeys, and four fresh isolates from the salivary glands of the Macaca monkeys captured from the wild in Japan.
Multiple wavelength tunable surface-emitting laser arrays (1991)

Techniques to achieve wavelength multiplexing and tuning capabilities in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are described, and experimental results are given. The authors obtained 140 unique, uniformly separated, single-mode wavelength emissions from a 7*20 VCSEL array. Large total wavelength span ( approximately 430 AA) and small wavelength separation ( approximately 3 AA) are obtained simultaneously with uncompromised laser performance. All 140 lasers have nearly the same threshold currents, voltages, and resistances. Wavelength tuning is obtained by using a three-mirror coupled-cavity configuration. The three-mirror laser is a two-terminal device and requires only one top contact. Discrete tuning with a range as large as 61 AA is achieved with a small change in drive current of only 10.5 mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A three-camera imaging microscope for high-speed single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging in living cells (2015)

Our aim is to develop quantitative single-molecule assays to study when and where molecules are interacting inside living cells and where enzymes are active. To this end we present a three-camera imaging microscope for fast tracking of multiple interacting molecules simultaneously, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The system was designed around an ASI RAMM frame using three separate tube lenses and custom multi-band dichroics to allow for enhanced detection efficiency. The frame times of the three Andor iXon Ultra EMCCD cameras are hardware synchronized to the laser excitation pulses of the three excitation lasers, such that the fluorophores are effectively immobilized during frame acquisitions and do not yield detections that are motion-blurred. Stroboscopic illumination allows robust detection from even rapidly moving molecules while minimizing bleaching, and since snapshots can be spaced out with varying time intervals, stroboscopic illumination enables a direct comparison to be made between fast and slow molecules under identical light dosage. We have developed algorithms that accurately track and co-localize multiple interacting biomolecules. The three-color microscope combined with our co-movement algorithms have made it possible for instance to simultaneously image and track how the chromosome environment affects diffusion kinetics or determine how mRNAs diffuse during translation. Such multiplexed single-molecule measurements at a high spatiotemporal resolution inside living cells will provide a major tool for testing models relating molecular architecture and biological dynamics.
PREREQUISITES FOR AFFECTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING (ASP) (2009)

Although emotions are embraced by science, their recognition has not reached a satisfying level. Through a concise overview of affect, its signals, features, and classification methods, we provide understanding for the problems encountered. Next, we identify the prerequisites for successful Affective Signal Processing: validation (e.g., mapping of constructs on signals), triangulation, a physiology-driven approach, and contributions of the signal processing community. Using these directives, a critical analysis of a real-world case is provided. This illustrates that the prerequisites can become a valuable guide for Affective Signal Processing (ASP).