gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracellular signalling mechanisms regulating glucose transport in insulin-sensitive tissues (2001)

The rate of glucose transport into cells is of fundamental importance in whole body homeostasis and adaptation to metabolic stresses, and this review examines the signalling mechanisms controlling this process. The events that mediate the action of insulin on glucose transport, which is by far the best characterized paradigm for glucose transport regulation, are discussed. There are several excellent reviews on various aspects of this subject, which are referred to while highlighting very recent developments in the field, including the recently described CAP pathway, and emerging mechanisms for feedback regulation of insulin signalling. The manner in which hormonal signalling is modulated by stimuli such as oxidative and osmotic stress is then discussed. The second major physiological event where glucose transport regulation is critical is the contraction of skeletal muscle, due to the large metabolic demands of this activity. The mechanism of this regulation is distinct from that initiated by insulin, and recent developments will be examined that have begun to clarify how contraction stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscle, including the roles performed by AMP-activated protein kinase and nitric oxide synthase.
Resonance-Fluorescence Studies. II.Sb121andSb123 (1973)

Resonant scattering of bremsstrahlung was used to measure the scattering widths $\frac{\mathrm{gW}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{i}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ for 43 transitions in the antimony isotopes $^{121,123}\mathrm{Sb}$ between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV. Absorption measurements determined $g{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{0}$ in seven cases. Comparison of the scattering widths with the $B(E2)$ values from Coulomb excitation gave the mixing ratios in five cases. The theoretical level schemes and $B(E2)$ calculations using the unified model up to second order in the collective variable had some success in explaining the experimental results.
Origin of residual semiconductor-laser linewidth in high-power limit (1988)

The FM noise spectrum and the spectral width of semiconductor lasers are measured in the high-power state up to 20 mW. The FM noise spectrum consists of the white noise and the 1/f noise. The spectral density of the white noise is suppressed by the increase in the output power, whereas that of the l/f noise is kept constant. This fact means that the residual linewidth in the high-power limit is caused by the l/f noise rather than the white noise.
A New Cross-Linkable Oxygen Sensor Covalently Bonded into Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-Polyacrylamide Thin Film for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing (2010)

A new oxygen sensor, compound 2, was synthesized through a chemical modification of a popularly used oxygen sensor of platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP). The new sensor compound 2 possesses four crosslinkable methacrylate functional moieties, enabling it to be polymerized and crosslinked with other monomers for polymer sensing film (also called membrane) preparation. Using this characteristic, compound 2 was covalently bonded to hydrophilic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-polyacrylamide (referred to as PHEMA to simplify) and hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) films. To better understand the advantages and disadvantages of chemical crosslinking approaches and the influence of polymer matrices on sensing performance, PtTFPP was physically incorporated into the same PHEMA and PS matrices to compare. Response to dissolved oxygen (DO), leaching of the sensor molecules from their matrices, photostability of the sensors, and response time to DO changes were studied. It was concluded that the chemical crosslinking of the sensor compound 2 in polymer matrices: (i) alleviated the leaching problem of sensor molecules which usually occurred in the physically doped sensing systems and (ii) significantly improved sensors' photostability. The PHEMA matrix was demonstrated to be more suitable for oxygen sensing than PS, because for the same sensor molecule, the oxygen sensitivity in PHEMA film was higher than that in PS and response time to DO change in the PHEMA film was faster than that in PS. It was the first time oxygen sensing films were successfully prepared using biocompatible hydrophilic PHEMA as a matrix, which does not allow leaching of the sensor molecules from the polymer matrix, has a faster response to DO changes than that of PS, and does not present cytotoxicity to human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549). It is expected that the new sensor compound 2 and its similar compounds with chemically crosslinking characteristics can be widely applied to generate many interesting oxygen sensing materials for studying biological phenomena.
Laser manipulation and fixation of single gold nanoparticles in solution at room temperature (2002)

A method to fix single gold nanoparticles on glass substrate was demonstrated in solution at room temperature by utilizing focused intense laser beams. A single gold nanoparticle of 80 nm was optically trapped and manipulated to a surface of a glass substrate, and then fixed on it by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) laser light. Suitable laser fluence range for the fixation was determined to be 32–60 mJ/cm2, above which the individual nanoparticles were fragmented to several smaller fragments of 10 to 40 nm. The fixation mechanism is discussed in view of pulsed-laser-induced transient temperature elevation.
Characterizing energy dissipation in single-walled carbon nanotube polycarbonate composites (2005)

In this study, single-walled carbon nanotube and bisphenol-A-polycarbonate composite beams were fabricated by a solution mixing process and dynamic (cyclic) load tests were performed to characterize energy dissipation. We report up to an order of magnitude (&amp;gt;1000%) increase in loss modulus of the polycarbonate system with the addition of 2% weight fraction of oxidized single-walled nanotube fillers. We show that the increase in damping is derived from frictional sliding at the nanotube-polymer interfaces. The nanoscale dimensions of the tubes not only result in large interfacial contact area, thereby generating high damping efficiency, but also enable seamless integration of the filler materials into the composite structure.
Stimulation of pancreatic β-cell replication by incretins involves transcriptional induction of cyclin D1 via multiple signalling pathways (2006)

The incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to act as beta-cell growth factors and may therefore be of critical importance for the maintenance of a proper beta-cell mass. We have investigated the molecular mechanism of incretin-induced beta-cell replication in primary monolayer cultures of newborn rat islet cells. GLP-1, GIP and the long-acting GLP-1 derivative, liraglutide, increased beta-cell replication 50-80% at 10-100 nM upon a 24 h stimulus, whereas glucagon at a similar concentration had no significant effect. The stimulatory effect of GLP-1 and GIP was efficiently mimicked by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, at 10 nM (approximately 90% increase) and was additive (approximately 170-250% increase) with the growth response to human growth hormone (hGH), indicating the use of distinct intracellular signalling pathways leading to mitosis by incretins and cytokines, respectively. The response to both GLP-1 and GIP was completely blocked by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. In addition, the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059, both inhibited GLP-1- and GIP-stimulated proliferation. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, SB203580, had no inhibitory effect on either GLP-1 or GIP stimulated proliferation. Cyclin Ds act as molecular switches for the G0/G1-S phase transition in many cell types and we have previously demonstrated hGH-induced cyclin D2 expression in the insulinoma cell line, INS-1. GLP-1 time-dependently induced the cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels in INS-1E, whereas the cyclin D2 levels were unaffected. However, minor effect of GLP-1 stimulation was observed on the cyclin D3 mRNA levels. Transient transfection of a cyclin D1 promoter-luciferase reporter construct into islet monolayer cells or INS-1 cells revealed approximately a 2-3 fold increase of transcriptional activity in response to GLP-1 and GIP, and a 4-7 fold increase in response to forskolin. However, treatment of either cell type with hGH had no effect on cyclin D1 promoter activity. The stimulation of the cyclin D1 promoter by GLP-1 was inhibited by H89, wortmannin, and PD98059. We conclude that incretin-induced beta-cell replication is dependent on cAMP/PKA, p42 MAPK and PI3K activities, which may involve transcriptional induction of cyclin D1. GLP-1, GIP and liraglutide may have the potential to increase beta-cell replication in humans which would have significant impact on long-term diabetes treatment.
The critical role of bisphosphonates to target bone cancer metastasis: an overview (2014)

Cancer becomes the leading cause of deaths worldwide, including breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer that preferentially metastasize to bone and bone marrow. Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used successfully for many years to reduce the skeletal complications related with the benign and malignant bone diseases that are characterized by enhanced osteoclastic bone resorption. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) have also been demonstrated to exhibit direct anti-tumour effects. BPs binds avidly to the bone matrix, and released from matrix during bone resorption process, BPs are internalized by the osteoclasts where they interfere with biochemical pathways and induce osteoclast apoptosis. BPs also antagonizes the production of osteoclast and promotes the osteoblasts proliferation. Currently, Zoledronic acid is widely used as one of the BP having high bone specificity and potential to inhibit the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In addition to inhibition of cell multiplication and initiation of apoptosis in cultured cancer cells, they also interfere with adhesion of cancer cells to the bone matrix and inhibit cell migration and invasion. Pathophysiology and current target therapies like conjugate of BPs with liposomes, nanoparticle used for the treatment of bone cancer is reviewed in this article along with the use of different BPs.
Eating disorders and obesity : a comprehensive handbook (1995)

K.D. Brownell, C.G. Fairburn, Preface. Part I: Regulation of Eating and Weight. S.F. Leibowitz, Central Physiological Determinants of Eating Behavior and Body Weight. G.P. Smith, J. Gibbs, Peripheral Physiological Determinants of Eating and Body Weight. J.E. Blundell, The Psychobiological Approach to Appetite and Weight Control. C. Bouchard, Genetic Influences on Body Weight and Shape. A.L. Albright, J.S. Stern, Energy Intake and Body Weight. J.S. Garrow, Effects of Energy Imbalance on Energy Stores and Body Weight. J.H. Wilmore, Body Composition. R.E. Keesey, A Set-Points Model of Body Weight and Weight Gain. K.D. Brownwell, Effects of Weight Cycling on Metabolism, Health, and Psychological Factors. R.C. Klesges, Cigarette Smoking and Body Weight. R. Andres, Body Weight and Age. Part II: Dieting and Body Image. J. Sobal, Social Influences on Body Weight. D.E. Wifley, J. Rodin, Cultural Influences on Eating Disorders. J. Polivy, C.P. Herman, Dieting and Its Relation to Eating Disorders. G.T. Wilson, The Controversy Over Dieting. Part III: Measurement. T.G. Lohman, Measurement of wwdy Energy Stores. S.T. St Jeor, Measurement of Food Intake. E.T. Pehlman, E.S. Horton, Measurement of Energy Expenditure. S.N. Blair, Measurement of Physical Activity. D.M. Garner, Measurement of Eating Disorder Psychopathology. Part IV. Classification, Clinical Characteristics, and History of Eating Disorders. P.E. Garfinkel, Classification and Diagnosis of Eating Disorders. C.G. Fairburn, B.T. Walsh, Atypical Eating Disorders. J.A. Silverman, History of Anorexia. B. Parry Jones, W.L. Parry-Jones, The History of Bulimia and Bulimia Nervosa. P.J.V, Beumont, The Clinical Presentation of Anorexia and Bulima Nervosa. P.J. Cooper, Eating Disroders and Their Relation to Mood and Anxiety. G.T. Wilson, Eating Disorders and Addictive Disorders. S.A. Wonderlich, Personality and Eating Disorders. A.E. Andersen, Eating Disorders in Males. R. Bryant-Waugh, B. Lask, Childhood-Onset Eating Disorders. A. Stein, Eating Disorders and Childrearing. K.D. Brownell, Eating Disorders in Athletes. Part V: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Course of Eating Disorders. Z. Cooper, The Development and Maintenance of Eating Disorders. H.W. Hoek, The Distribution of Eating Disorders. M. Strober, Family-Genetic Perspectives on Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. W. Vandereycken, The Families of Patients With and Eating Disorder. R.H. Striegel-Moore, A Feminist Perspective on the Etiology of Eating Disorders. R.L. Palmer, Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders. H.C. Steinhausen, The Course and Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa. L.K.G. Hsu, Outcome of Bulimia Nervo
Motion from the frontier of curved surfaces (2002)

The frontier of a curved surface is the envelope of contour generators showing the boundary, at least locally, of the visible region swept out under viewer motion. In general, the outlines of curved surfaces (apparent contours) from different viewpoints are generated by different contour generators on the surface and hence do not provide a constraint on viewer motion. We show that frontier points, however, have projections which correspond to a real point on the surface and can be used to constrain viewer motion by the epipolar constraint. We show how to recover viewer motion from frontier points for both continuous and discrete motion, calibrated and uncalibrated cameras. We present preliminary results of an iterative scheme to recover the epipolar line structure from real image sequences using only the outlines of curved surfaces. A statistical evaluation as also performed to estimate the stability of the solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A study on the web ontology processing system (2005)

This paper presents the method that model and process Web ontology data. That is, we describe the method that create and handle ontology object model in which to access, express and process Web ontology. With rising of semantic Web, there are many approaches that process ontology according to a characteristic of ontology data on Web. Recently, the resource description framework (RDF), DAML-OIL and Web ontology language (OWL) used as a language to express Web ontology. Hierarchical vocabulary architecture is to be composed of the top ontology layer of frame-base and the generic ontology layer that define common vocabulary use different domain and functional ontology layer which expressed the vocabulary that depend on generic ontology. By creating the ontology object model that used hierarchical vocabularies, we remove redundancy of an expression and can increase reusability. Furthermore, by using model access API, ontology external application such as reasoning, merging and authoring tools can easily access ontology object model and provide an easy knowledge representation about ontology
The mouse rpL7a gene is typical of other ribosomal protein genes in it's 5' region but differs in being located in a tight cluster of CpG-rich islands (1990)

The two major transcriptional start sites of the mouse ribosomal protein L7a gene (rpL7a) (formerly Surf-3) have been mapped to two cytidine residues separated by 4 bp embedded in a polypyrimidine tract of 21 bp. The rpL7a gene contains a small first exon (25-29 bp) and a small 5' untranslated leader sequence (22-26 bp). Its transcriptional start sites are not preceded by a canonical TATA box motif and its 5' end is located in a CpG-rich island. These are all features found associated with the five other functional mammalian ribosomal protein genes which have been previously characterized. The mouse rpL7a gene is found within a very tight cluster of six genes associated with 4 CpG-rich islands located in 32 kb of genomic DNA. Unique DNA probes located both upstream and downstream of the mouse rpL30 and rpL32 genes used on Southern blots of mouse DNA cleaved with a variety of CpG-rich island specific restriction enzymes did not detect CpG-rich islands in the close vicinity of these ribosomal protein genes. Thus the clustering of CpG-rich islands associated with rpL7a does not appear to be a general feature of mammalian ribosomal protein genes.
DNA sequence quality trimming and vector removal (2001)

Abstract Motivation: Most sequence comparison methods assume that the data being compared are trustworthy, but this is not the case with raw DNA sequences obtained from automatic sequencing machines. Nevertheless, sequence comparisons need to be done on them in order to remove vector splice sites and contaminants. This step is necessary before other genomic data processing stages can be carried out, such as fragment assembly or EST clustering. A specialized tool is therefore needed to solve this apparent dilemma. Results: We have designed and implemented a program that specifically addresses the problem. This program, called Lucy, has been in use since 1998 at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). During this period, many rounds of experience-driven modifications were made to Lucy to improve its accuracy and its ability to deal with extremely difficult input cases. We believe we have finally obtained a useful program which strikes a delicate balance among the many issues involved in the raw sequence cleaning problem, and we wish to share it with the research community. Availability: Lucy is available directly from TIGR (http://www.tigr.org/softlab). Academic users can download Lucy after accepting a free academic use license. Business users may need to pay a license fee to use Lucy for commercial purposes. Contact: Questions regarding the quality assessment module of Lucy should be directed to Michael Holmes (mholmes@tigr.org). Questions regarding other aspects of Lucy should be directed to Hui-Hsien Chou (hhchou@iastate.edu).
A multi-sensor compressed sensing receiver: Performance bounds and simulated results (2009)

Multi-sensor receivers are commonly tasked with detecting, demodulating and geolocating target emitters over very wide frequency bands. Compressed sensing can be applied to persistently monitor a wide bandwidth, given that the received signal can be represented using a small number of coefficients in some basis. In this paper we present a multi-sensor compressive sensing receiver that is capable of reconstructing frequency-sparse signals using block reconstruction techniques in a sensor-frequency basis. We derive performance bounds for time-difference and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation of such a receiver, and present simulated results in which we compare AoA reconstruction performance to the bounds derived.
Highlights in Organic Chemistry Advances in 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Azides and Alkynes - A Prototype of &#x201C;Click&#x201D; Chemistry (2005)

Click chemistry, designated by Sharpless and his coworkers, is a modular approach that uses only the most practical and reliable chemical transformations. The Huisgen reaction, especially the newly developed copper(I)-catalyzed 1,2,3-triazole formation reaction between azides and alkynes, is regarded as the “cream of the crop” of click chemistry. In this review, we introduce the recent development of this reaction, and highlight some of its important applications in drug discovery, bioconjugation chemistry, materials development and surface modification.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Between Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter amnigenus sp. nov. (1981)

A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridization study was carried out to determine the taxonomic position of a new group of enterobacters (group Ha, Gavini et al. [Ann.Microbiol.(Inst.Pasteur) 127B:317-335, 19761) previously studied by numerical taxonomy.The reassociation binding ratios with the group H3 strain ATCC 33072 ranged from 61 to 97%.With respect to DNA hybridization, this group, which represents a new species in the genus Enterobacter, Enterobacter amnigenus, is closely related (49 to 66%) to Enterobacter cloacae.A difference in genome size between E. amnigenus ATCC 33072 and E. cloacae Collection de l'Unit6 d'lhotoxicologie Microbienne (CUETM) 77-120 was observed after reciprocal binding: the genome of ATCC 33072 was 24% larger.E. amnigenus was defined from phenotypic and genetic data.The type strain of E.
A 2.4-GHz 24-dBm SOI CMOS Power Amplifier With Fully Integrated Reconfigurable Output Matching Network (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, the potential of load adaptation for enhanced backoff efficiency in RF power amplifiers (PAs) has been investigated through a 0.13-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\hbox{m}}$</tex></formula> silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS fabrication technology. The RF power performance of the adopted SOI CMOS process has been preliminarily characterized by on-wafer load–pull measurements on a custom unit power transistor. A 2.4-GHz 24-dBm 2-V SOI CMOS PA with fully integrated reconfigurable output matching network has then been designed and experimentally characterized. A significant efficiency improvement of up to 34% has been achieved through load adaptation, peak efficiency being as high as 65%. Linear operation has also been demonstrated under two-tone excitation, as a 16-dBm output power has been attained while complying with a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$- {\hbox{40-dBc}}$</tex> </formula> third-order intermodulation distortion specification. </para>
Retroviral Delivery of DNA into the Livers of Transgenic Mice Bearing Premalignant and Malignant Hepatocellular Carcinomas (1994)

To develop gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we infused mice through the portal vein with retrovirus carrying the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase reporter gene under the transcriptional control of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and the promoter from the mouse multidrug resistance gene mdr1b. Two transgenic mouse HCC models were used, one bearing the human hepatitis B viral envelope protein and the other SV40 T antigen. These animals develop HCC with predictable pathological manifestations. The viral transduction efficiency appeared to depend upon the stage of the disease in the animals. The most efficient transduction occurred when the livers had developed microscopic nodular hyperplasia; in some cases as many as 0.01-0.1 copies/cell were transduced. The transduction efficiency was lower in the late stage of the disease when livers had a heavy tumor burden and in the early stage when no lesion was evident. Low viral transduction efficacy was also seen in nontransgenic animals but was significantly increased by partial hepatectomy. The expression of the reporter gene in these animals was very low, as determined by histological staining. These results suggest that hepatocarcinogenesis can enhance retroviral delivery of foreign genes into the liver. Further development by increasing the viral transducing efficiency and the level of expression of transduced gene is required.
Wireless wallet (2004)

We present a framework for agreements in pervasive environments called the Universal Pervasive Transaction Framework (UPTF) for parties transacting in wireless insecure environments using mobile devices. We discuss one type of such agreement with commercial interest, namely mobile payments from a payer to a payee. We have implemented two complete systems for purchasing and payment with mobile devices utilizing UPTF. The first introduces a special purpose, new mobile device called the Universal Pervasive Transaction Device (UPTD) and the second utilizes J2ME-capable mobile phones.