gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
La comprensión oral en un entorno informatizado (2006)

Hace ya más de diez años que la revolución multimedia alcanzó al mundo de la enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras, abriendo nuevos horizontes a la didáctica gracias a las ventajas que le proporcionan sus especificidades. Una de ellas es la multicanalidad, la posibilidad de acceder, en un mismo soporte, a mensajes a la vez sonoros, audiovisuales y escritos, que ha permitido nuevos desarrollos en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las competencias de comprensión, en especial de la comprensión oral, tema de este capítulo. Las otras dos características principales del multimedia, la interactividad y la hipertextualidad, no sólo han abierto nuevas vías a la metodología utilizada para enseñar la competencia de comprensión sino que han fomentado, además, el desarrollo de las situaciones de autoaprendizaje, cuyas características se han transformado. Huelga decir que Internet amplía aún más estos horizontes, al multiplicar de manera ilimitada las posibilidades de acceso a unos documentos sonoros y audiovisuales, susceptibles de dar lugar a actividades de comprensión oral. Dichas actividades abarcan una gran diversidad de situaciones de comunicación, ya que se puede tratar de situaciones de intercomprensión que se dan en videoconferencias o foros, o bien de situaciones de recepción1 basadas en secuencias sonoras o vídeo, que podemos encontrar en páginas, plataformas de Internet o a partir de ficheros de sonido o vídeo enviados por correo electrónico. Este capítulo se centra en la competencia de recepción, aplicada a la comprensión de un documento audiovisual. Nuestro objetivo es analizar en qué medida el entorno informatizado facilita la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de tal competencia y cuáles son las condiciones que permiten optimizar el potencial que ofrece el soporte informático en este campo. Para conseguir un material satisfactorio desde el punto de vista didáctico, en la elaboración de una actividad de comprensión oral basada en documentos audiovisuales y realizada en un soporte informático, deben tenerse en cuenta al menos tres tipos de consideraciones: primero, responder a las especificidades de la comprensión de dichos documentos; en segundo lugar, aprovechar las ventajas que ofrece un soporte informático; y, finalmente, intentar paliar las insuficiencias propias de todo soporte de estas características.
Perfectly Conformal TiN and Al2O3 Films Deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (1999)

Perfectly conformal deposition into deep trenches or filling of them without keyhole formation is achieved (see Figure) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Good conformality can be obtained with other CVD processes, but the unique surface-controlled, self-limiting growth mechanism of ALD may give the technique significant advantages over other methods for future generation IC technology.
DNA hybridization enhancement using piezoelectric microagitation through a liquid coupling medium (2011)

In conventional DNA microarray hybridization, delivery of target cDNAs to surface-bounded probes depends solely on diffusion, which is notoriously slow, and thus typically requires 6-20 h to complete. In this study, piezoelectric microagitation through a liquid coupling medium is employed to enhance DNA hybridization efficiency and the results are compared with the standard static hybridization method. DNA hybridization was performed in a sealed aluminium chamber containing DNA microarray glass chip, coupling medium and piezoelectric transducers. 3×SSC (Saline Sodium Citrate) was used as a coupling medium to prevent overheating of the piezoelectric transducers and to effectively transmit ultrasonic wave to the glass chip. Flow visualization using fluidic dye and velocimetry (PTV) technique was applied to observe fluid transport in the hybridization chamber. It was revealed that the dye solution was homogeneously distributed within 10 min under dynamic agitation while it took over 1 h to reach the same level of homogeneity in static condition. Plasmodium falciparum DNA microarrays and total RNA extracted from parasite cells were used as a model for DNA microarray experiments. It was found that the required hybridization time may be substantially reduced from 16 h to 4 h by the use of dynamic hybridization scheme. With the same hybridization time of 16 h, dynamic hybridization resulted in higher fluorescent signals of ∼33% and ∼24% compared to static hybridization in Cy3 and Cy5 channels, respectively. Additionally, good/effective spots, some of which were not formed by static method, were enhanced and distributed more uniformly over the microarray. Therefore, the developed dynamic hybridization with integrated piezoelectric microagitation platform is highly promising for DNA analysis in molecular biology and medical applications.
Low-voltage phase modulation in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well optical waveguides (1988)

We report GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguide phase modulators with high phase shift coefficients, as large as 520 degrees per V mm. By operating at wavelengths far below the bandedge and applying DC bias we achieve large electrooptic modulation with low absorption loss in device lengths on the order of 100μm and drive voltages on the order of 1 V.
Polymorphisms at LDLR locus may be associated with coronary artery disease through modulation of coagulation factor VIII activity and independently from lipid profile (2010)

High levels of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) has been recently demonstrated to contribute to FVIII clearance from plasma. The aim of this study was to evaluate 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SMARCA4-LDLR gene locus (rs1122608, rs2228671, and rs688) and FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:c) in subjects with (n = 692) or without (n = 291) angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). High FVIII:c levels were an independent risk factor for CAD. The rs688 and rs2228671 genotypes were predictors of FVIII:c with T alleles associated with higher FVIII:c levels. The rs2228671T allele was associated also with reduced total and LDL-cholesterol levels. With respect to the risk of CAD, no association was found for rs2228671. Consistently with higher FVIII:c levels, the rs688T allele was associated with CAD, whereas, consistently with a favorable lipid profile, the rs1122608T allele was associated with a decreased CAD prevalence. After adjustment for classic cardiovascular risk factors, including plasma lipids, rs688 remained associated with CAD (OR for T carriers: 1.67 with 95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.54). Haplotype analysis confirmed such results. Our data suggest that polymorphisms at LDLR locus modulate FVIII:c levels and may be associated with CAD risk independently from plasma lipids.
Deficiency screen identifies a novel role for beta 2 tubulin in salivary gland and myoblast migration in the Drosophila embryo (2009)

The Drosophila embryonic salivary gland is an epithelial organ formed by the coordinated invagination and migration of primordial cells. To identify genes that regulate gland migration we performed a deficiency screen of the third chromosome. Here, we report on the analysis of the beta 2 tubulin isoform (beta2t) that maps at 85D15. We show that, in beta2t mutant embryos, salivary glands did not complete their posterior migration and that migration of fusion competent myoblasts and longitudinal visceral muscle founder cells between the gland and circular visceral mesoderm was delayed. We also demonstrate that gland migration defects correlate with reduced betaPS and alphaPS2 integrin expression in the surrounding mesoderm and that beta2t genetically interacts with genes encoding integrin alphaPS1 and alphaPS2 subunits. Our studies reveal for the first time that beta2t is expressed in embryogenesis and that beta2t plays an important role in salivary gland and myoblast migration, possibly through proper regulation of integrin adhesion proteins.
Characterization of Nonlinearity and Dispersion in Tissue Impedance During High-Frequency Electroporation (2017)

The data and technique developed in this study to monitor the electrical properties of tissue during treatment can be used to generate treatment-planning models for future high-frequency electroporation therapies as well as provide insights regarding treatment effect.
ChemInform Abstract: MALARIAMITTEL 5. MITT. ALPHA‐DIBUTYLAMINOMETHYL‐ UND ALPHA‐(2‐PIPERIDYL)‐3‐CHINOLINMETHANOLE (1971)

Abstract Äthoxymethylen‐malonester (II) kondensiert mit den Anilinen (I) zu den 4‐Chinolon‐3‐carbonsäureestern (IIIa)‐(IIIg), die mit Phosphoroxychlorid die 4‐Chlor‐chinoline (IV) ergeben.
Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Nitric Oxide Is Revealed by Targeted Deletion of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase (2000)

We investigated the effects of targeted deletion of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene on the formation of prostaglandins in vivo and ex vivo. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from control and iNOS-deficient mice, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was quantified after stimulation with gamma-interferon and lipopolysaccharide to induce COX-2. Total nitrate and nitrite production was completely abolished in cells from iNOS-deficient animals compared with control cells. PGE(2) formation by cells from iNOS-deficient animals was decreased compared with cells from control animals 80% at 12 h (0.85 +/- 0.90 ng/10(6) cells versus 15.4 +/- 2.1 ng/10(6) cells, p < 0.01) and 74% at 24 h (9.4 +/- 4.3 ng/10(6) cells versus 36.8 +/- 4.1 ng/10(6) cells, p < 0.01). COX-2 protein expression was not significantly different in cells from control or knockout animals. Levels of PGE(2) in the urine of iNOS-deficient mice were decreased 78% (0.24 +/- 0.14 ng/mg of creatinine versus 1.09 +/- 0.66 ng/mg of creatinine, p < 0.01) compared with control animals. In addition, the levels of urinary F(2)-isoprostanes, an index of endogenous oxidant stress, were significantly decreased in iNOS-deficient animals. In contrast, the levels of thromboxane B(2) derived from platelets allowed to aggregate ex vivo were significantly increased in iNOS-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. These studies support the hypothesis that NO and/or NO-derived species modulate cyclooxygenase activity and eicosanoid production in vivo.
Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid—Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis and multifocality (2003)

Despite the overall excellent prognosis for patients with PMC, PMC was associated with a 1.0% disease-related mortality rate, a 5.0% LN recurrence rate, and a 2.5% distant metastasis rate. Therefore, the treatment of patients with PMC should be no different from the treatment of patients with conventional PTC: i.e., complete surgery with consideration for RAI and/or external radiation therapy if poor prognostic factors are present.
Novel mapping of a linear QR architecture (1999)

This paper presents a novel architecture mapping technique which was essential in the design of a QR array which forms the core processor of a single chip adaptive beamforming system. The mapping technique assigns a QR triangular array of 2m/sup 2/+3m+1 cells down onto a linear architecture of m+1 processors. The mapping results in a linear systolic architecture with one hundred percent hardware utilisation, local interconnects and individual processors for boundary and internal cell operations. In addition, this paper highlights the effect latency has on the validity of the linear architecture.
Classifying without discriminating (2009)

Classification models usually make predictions on the basis of training data. If the training data is biased towards certain groups or classes of objects, e.g., there is racial discrimination towards black people, the learned model will also show discriminatory behavior towards that particular community. This partial attitude of the learned model may lead to biased outcomes when labeling future unlabeled data objects. Often, however, impartial classification results are desired or even required by law for future data objects in spite of having biased training data. In this paper, we tackle this problem by introducing a new classification scheme for learning unbiased models on biased training data. Our method is based on massaging the dataset by making the least intrusive modifications which lead to an unbiased dataset. On this modified dataset we then learn a non-discriminating classifier. The proposed method has been implemented and experimental results on a credit approval dataset show promising results: in all experiments our method is able to reduce the prejudicial behavior for future classification significantly without loosing too much predictive accuracy.
Quantitative analysis of a panel of gene expression in prostate cancer—with emphasis on NPY expression analysis (2007)

Despite widely noted heterogeneous nature of PCa, gene expression alterations of AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1 in LCM-derived PCa epithelial cells suggest for common underlying mechanisms in the initiation of PCa. Lower NPY expression level is significantly associated with more aggressive clinical behavior of PCa; PTEN and AR may have potential in defining PCa with aggressive clinical behavior. Studies along these lines have potential to define PCa-associated gene expression alterations and likely co-regulation of genes/pathways critical in the biology of PCa onset/progression.
No Excess of Homozygosity at Loci Used for DNA Fingerprinting (1990)

Variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci are extremely valuable for the forensic technique known as DNA fingerprinting because of their hypervariability. Nevertheless, the use of these loci in forensics has been controversial. One criticism of DNA fingerprinting is that the VNTR loci used for the "fingerprints" violate the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (H-W), making it difficult to calculate the probability of observing a genotype in the population. If one can assume H-W, the probability of observing the pair of alleles constituting an individual's genotype can be calculated by taking the product of the alleles' frequencies in the population and multiplying by two if the alleles are different. The evidence cited against assuming H-W is homozygote excess, which is presumed to be caused by an undetected mixture of two or more populations with limited interpopulational mating and distinct allele frequencies. For most VNTR loci, measurement error makes it impossible to test these claims by standard methods. The Lifecodes database of three VNTR loci used for forensics was used to show that the claimed excess of homozygotes is not necessarily real because many heterozygotes with similar allele sizes are misclassified as homozygotes. A simple test of H-W that takes such misclassifications into account was developed to test for an overall excess or dearth of heterozygotes in the sample (the complement of homozygote dearth or excess). The application of this test to the Lifecodes database revealed that there was no consistent evidence of violation of H-W for the Caucasian, black, or Hispanic populations.
On MDS codes via Cauchy matrices (1989)

A special form of Cauchy matrix is used to obtain a tighter bound for the validity region of the maximum distance separable (MDS) conjecture and a new compact characterization of generalized Reed-Solomon codes. The latter is further used to obtain constructions and some existence results for long (2k, k) double-circulant MDS codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fungicides for Plant and Animal Diseases (2012)

A fungicide is a chemical pesticide compound that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi. In agriculture, fungicide is used to control fungi that threaten to destroy or compromise crops. Fungicides for Plant and Animal Diseases is a book that has been written to present the most significant advances in disciplines related to fungicides. This book comprises of 14 chapters considering the application of fungicides in the control and management of fungal diseases, which will be very helpful to the undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, teachers of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture and horticulture.
Axis-aligned filtering for interactive physically-based diffuse indirect lighting (2013)

We introduce an algorithm for interactive rendering of physically-based global illumination, based on a novel frequency analysis of indirect lighting. Our method combines adaptive sampling by Monte Carlo ray or path tracing, using a standard GPU-accelerated raytracer, with real-time reconstruction of the resulting noisy images. Our theoretical analysis assumes diffuse indirect lighting, with general Lambertian and specular receivers. In practice, we demonstrate accurate interactive global illumination with diffuse and moderately glossy objects, at 1-3 fps. We show mathematically that indirect illumination is a structured signal in the Fourier domain, with inherent band-limiting due to the BRDF and geometry terms. We extend previous work on sheared and axis-aligned filtering for motion blur and shadows, to develop an image-space filtering method for interreflections. Our method enables 5--8X reduced sampling rates and wall clock times, and converges to ground truth as more samples are added. To develop our theory, we overcome important technical challenges---unlike previous work, there is no light source to serve as a band-limit in indirect lighting, and we also consider non-parallel geometry of receiver and reflecting surfaces, without first-order approximations.
Über die Chemie des Vitamins E. 2. Mitteilung. Die Struktur des Kaliumferricyanid‐Oxydationsproduktes von α‐Tocopherol (1963)

Abstract The structure of the main oxidation product of natural (2 R , 4′ R , 8′ R )‐α‐tocopherol with potassium ferricyanide is shown to be XXIII.
The challenge of VLSI technology to low-bit-rate video (2003)

An overview is presented of video compression techniques that allow the transmission of full-motion, high-quality video at adequate low bit rates. Various techniques including intraframe coding and interframe coding are reviewed. The up-to-date research and development results relating to VLSI (very-large-scale-integration) implementation are described. Special emphasis is placed on single-chip implementations for the discrete cosine transform (DCT), vector quantization (VQ), and motion detection and compensation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cytokeratin 20 as an immunocytochemical marker for detection of urothelial carcinoma in atypical cytology: preliminary retrospective study on archived urine slides. (2001)

Previous studies have shown that expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20), a constituent of intermediate filaments, is increased in malignant versus benign urine samples. To evaluate whether immunocytochemical staining of CK20 on archived urine slides could be used as a potential adjunct marker for triage of atypical urine cytology, we analyzed a total of 77 archived urine slides obtained from a spectrum of patients with various risks of developing urothelial carcinoma. These patients were divided into four groups on the basis of initial urine cytologic results and subsequent follow-up biopsy findings; group 1 had negative results in both evaluations, whereas the results in group 4 were positive for both cytology and biopsy. Groups 2 and 3 had a diagnosis of atypical urine cytology; however, patients in group 3 had a positive follow-up biopsy, and patients in group 2 did not. The Papanicolaou-stained archived urine slides were destained and then restained immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody against CK20. With 5% positively stained nonumbrella cells as a threshold, CK20 was positive in 94.4% of group 3 or 4 patients. In contrast, CK20 was positive in 27.3% of group 2 patients and in 10.5% of group 1 patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity for CK20 for the detection of urothelial carcinoma in this population of patients were 94.4% and 80.5%, respectively. This study demonstrated that immunocytochemical analysis of CK20 on archived urine slides could be used to triage atypical urine cytology into low- and high-risk categories and that CK20 might be a simple and useful early detection marker for urothelial carcinoma.
Pharmacologic Activation of PKM2 Slows Lung Tumor Xenograft Growth (2013)

Inactivation of the M2 form of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in cancer cells is associated with increased tumorigenicity. To test the hypothesis that tumor growth may be inhibited through the PKM2 pathway, we generated a series of small-molecule PKM2 activators. The compounds exhibited low nanomolar activity in both biochemical and cell-based PKM2 activity assays. These compounds did not affect the growth of cancer cell lines under normal conditions in vitro, but strongly inhibited the proliferation of multiple lung cancer cell lines when serine was absent from the cell culture media. In addition, PKM2 activators inhibited the growth of an aggressive lung adenocarcinoma xenograft. These findings show that PKM2 activation by small molecules influences the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that such compounds may augment cancer therapies.
Homology Detection via Family Pairwise Search (1998)

The function of an unknown biological sequence can often be accurately inferred by identifying sequences homologous to the original sequence. Given a query set of known homologs, there exist at least three general classes of techniques for finding additional homologs: pairwise sequence comparisons, motif analysis, and hidden Markov modeling. Pairwise sequence comparisons are typically employed when only a single query sequence is known. Hidden Markov models (HMMs), on the other hand, are usually trained with sets of more than 100 sequences. Motif-based methods fall in between these two extremes. The current work introduces a straightforward generalization of pairwise sequence comparison algorithms to the case when multiple query sequences are available. This algorithm, called Family Pairwise Search (FPS), combines pairwise sequence comparison scores from each query sequence. A BLAST implementation of FPS is compared to representative examples of hidden Markov modeling (HMMER) and motif modeling (MEME). The three techniques are compared across a wide range of protein families, using query sets of varying sizes. BLAST FPS significantly outperforms motif-based and HMM methods. Furthermore, FPS is much more efficient than the training algorithms for statistical models.
Biocatalysis in Organic Synthesis. 9. Highly Enantioselective Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Acylase.1 (1997)

A new catalytic activity of the enzyme acylase I (AA-I) from Aspergillus species has been found. Although this enzyme had previously been used only in the hydrolysis of N-acylamino acids, we have found that it is a highly efficient catalyst for transesterifications using vinyl esters as acyl donors. The method has been applied to the kinetic resolution of a variety of secondary alcohols.