gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A noise cancellation technique in active RF-CMOS mixers (2005)

Based on the physical understanding of noise mechanisms in active mixers, a noise cancellation technique to reduce the flicker noise contribution of the switches in a Gilbert-type mixer is presented. For the proof of concept, a prototype double-balanced mixer in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS is fabricated. The circuit achieves a flicker noise corner of almost an order of magnitude lower than that of a standard implementation, without any penalty in the linearity, gain, or power consumption.
Comic Chat (1996)

Comics have a rich visual vocabulary, and people find them appealing. They are also an effective form of communication. We have built a system, called Comic Chat, that represents on-line communications in the form of comics. Comic Chat automates numerous aspects of comics generation, including balloon construction and layout, the placement and orientation of comic characters, the default selection of character gestures and expressions, the incorporation of semantic panel elements, and the choice of zoom factor for the virtual camera. This paper describes the mechanisms that Comic Chat uses to perform this automation, as well as novel aspects of the program's user interface. Comic Chat is a working program, allowing groups of people to communicate over the Internet. It has several advantages over other graphical chat programs, including the availability of a graphical history, and a dynamic graphical presentation.
Glycemic Durability of Rosiglitazone, Metformin, or Glyburide Monotherapy (2006)

The potential risks and benefits, the profile of adverse events, and the costs of these three drugs should all be considered to help inform the choice of pharmacotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279045 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Synthesis, simulation and experimental verification of a maximum power point tracker from nonlinear dynamics (2002)

A simple but robust maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is proposed, and derived from nonlinear dynamics. The maximum power point (MPP) inherently becomes the global attractor of the system, ensuring optimum operation under transient and steady state conditions. The control algorithm is first synthesised and implemented, supported by PSpice simulations and verified by experiments. The results confirm good tracking efficiency and rapid response to parameter changes. In addition, a two-dimensional approximate stroboscopic map was also found that adequately describes the system's global attractor and its fundamental dynamics at the MPP. This was confirmed experimentally from a return map featuring one of the state variables.
Psychophysiological responses in women reporting severe premenstrual symptoms. (1989)

Sixteen women attending a Premenstrual Tension Clinic and eight control women were tested experimentally in the premenstrual and postmenstrual phases with assessments of heart rate, skin conductance level, and neck electromyogram during rest, relaxation, an emotionally upsetting film, and performance of mental arithmetic and video game tasks. All participants completed daily symptom assessments for two menstrual cycles prior to the study. The clinic attenders were divided into eight (Clinic+) who showed marked increases in symptoms premenstrually, and eight (Clinic-) who recorded only modest changes in symptom severity across the menstrual cycle. There were no marked differences in resting autonomic activity. During relaxation, skin conductance level decreased to a greater extent in the premenstrual than in the postmenstrual phase, while neck electromyogram showed the reverse pattern. Heart rate reactions to the mental arithmetic and video game tasks were smaller in the premenstrual than in the postmenstrual phase in Controls and Clinic- groups, but not in the Clinic+ group. Possible explanations of these results are discussed.
Collagen synthesis in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage. (1977)

Collagen metabolism in osteoarthritic human articular cartilage was compared to that in normal cartilage and was also correlated with the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion as determined by a histological-histochemical grading system. No correlation was apparent between the concentrations of DNA, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine and the degree of severity of the osteoarthritic lesion (except in far-advanced lesions). Similarly, there was no correlation in levels of these components in tissues from the normal vs. osteoarthritic group. The similarity of the values of the ratio hydroxylysine/hydroxyproline in osteoarthritic tissue compared with normal, and the lack of variation in these with increasing severity of the disease process argues against the possibility that osteoarthritis is associated with a major shift in the synthesis of type II collagen to type I. [3H]Proline incorporation into osteoarthritic cartilage was increased fourfold as compared to normal cartilage and varied with advancing histological-histochemical grade. Measurement of the specific activity of insolubilized hydroxyproline-containing material of the cartilage matrix, as an index of the turnover of collagen, showed a sixfold increase in osteoarthritic cartilage which also varied with grade. These data suggest that collagen synthesis in these tissues is substantially greater than in nonosteoarthritic tissues and varies directly with the severity of the disease process up to a point and then varies inversely as the lesion becomes more severe.
A Characterization of Ten Hidden-Surface Algorithms (1974)

article Free Access Share on A Characterization of Ten Hidden-Surface Algorithms Authors: Ivan E. Sutherland Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, UtahView Profile , Robert F. Sproull Stanford University, Palo Alto, California Stanford University, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , Robert A. Schumacker Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah Evans and Sutherland Computer Corporation, Salt Lake City, UtahView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 6Issue 1March 1974 pp 1–55https://doi.org/10.1145/356625.356626Online:01 March 1974Publication History 716citation3,745DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations716Total Downloads3,745Last 12 Months267Last 6 weeks67 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Role of antitumor immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced rejection of subcutaneous nonpalpable MOPC-315 tumors. (1982)

Previously, we had reported that a single i.p. injection of 15 mg cyclophosphamide (CY) per kg cured most mice bearing large MOPC-315 tumors (20 to 25 mm; Day 12 to Day 16 tumors) but rarely cured mice bearing nonpalpable tumors (Day 4 tumors). Also, mice that were not cured if treated with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had nonpalpable tumors could not be cured if treated again with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had large tumors (14). Here, we show that CY therapy with 15 mg/kg at early stages of tumor growth did not lead to alteration in the biology of the tumor so as to cause an increased resistance to CY-tumoricidal effects, increased resistance to immune lysis, and/or decreased immunogenicity. Treatment of nonpalpable tumor bearers with CY, 15 mg/kg, prior to in vitro immunization of their spleen cells did not reduce the ability of the spleen cells to generate antitumor cytotoxicity in vitro. However, the level of antitumor cytotoxicity generated was lower than that exhibited by in vitro-immunized spleen cells from mice treated with CY, 15 mg/kg, when they had large tumors. With CY, 15 mg/kg, mice bearing nonpalpable tumors could be cured in two ways: (a) by treating a mouse bearing a nonpalpable tumor in the presence of a contralateral large tumor; (b) by adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells given 1 day post-CY therapy. Both procedures resulted in higher levels of antitumor immunity which was apparently responsible for the cure of the mice in cooperation with CY. Thus, the ineffectiveness of CY therapy with 15 mg/kg at early stages of tumor growth correlated with the presence of relatively low levels of host antitumor immunity.
Fiber Optic Sensor for the Measurement of Respiratory Chest Circumference Changes (1999)

A fiber optic sensor for the measurement of the respiratory depth has been developed. The sensor is composed of a bent optic fiber which is connected to an elastic section of a chest belt so that its radius of curvature changes during respiration due to respiratory chest circumference changes (RCCC). The measurement of light transmission through the bent fiber provides information on its changes in curvature since a higher fraction of light escapes through the core-cladding surface of a fiber bent to a lower radius of curvature. The sensor can quantitatively measure the RCCC, although in relative terms, and it is sensitive enough to detect changes of the chest circumference due to the heart beat. Measurements of the RCCC were simultaneously performed with photoplethysmography (PPG)-the measurement by light absorption of the cardiac induced blood volume changes in the tissue-and a significant correlation was found between the RCCC and some parameters of the PPG signal. The fiber optic respiratory depth sensor enables a quantitative assessment of the respiratory induced changes in the cardiovascular parameters. © 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of ABI-007, an Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel, in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer (2005)

ABI-007, the first biologically interactive albumin-bound form of paclitaxel in the nanoparticle state, uses the natural carrier albumin rather than synthetic solvents to deliver paclitaxel and allows for safe administration of high paclitaxel doses without premedication, resulting in significant antitumor activity in patients with MBC, including those receiving the drug as first-line therapy.
ATTENUATION OF RAT LUNG ISOGRAFT REPERFUSION INJURY WITH A COMBINATION OF ANTI-ICAM-1 AND ANTI-??2 INTEGRIN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES1,2 (1996)

Four different combinations of monoclonal antibodies against rat ICAM-1, CD-11a, and CD-18 were utilized to determine the relative importance of LFA-1, Mac-1, and ICAM-1 in a rat model of severe lung allograft reperfusion injury. Negative control animals were given phosphate buffered saline (the carrier solution for the antibodies), while positive control animals were rendered neutropenic by the administration of a polyclonal mouse IgG. Antibodies were given with the donor lung flush, prior to left lung graft reperfusion, or both. Isolated graft function was determined 24 hr after implantation by arterial blood gas (ABG), and after sacrifice the native and transplanted lungs underwent bronchoalveolar lavage for alveolar protein quantitation, cell count and differential, and myeloperoxidase assay. Additionally, whole lung homogenates were assayed for myeloperoxidase activity. We found that the combination of anti-ICAM-1 (1 mg/kg) added to the donor lung flush, and anti-CD11a, anti-CD18, and anti-ICAM-1 (2 mg/kg i.v. of each) given to the recipient prior to reperfusion, resulted in significantly improved lung graft pAO2 by ABG, and decreased alveolar protein, cell count, and myeloperoxidase activity compared with control animals. Improvement was less than that seen in the neutropenic recipients, however. We conclude that LFA-1, Mac-1, and ICAM-1 are all important adhesion molecules in lung allograft reperfusion injury--yet even with antibody blockade of all three there are additional mechanisms allowing for neutrophil influx into the lungs.
In vivo Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Nanoparticulate Docetaxel for Intravesical Treatment of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2011)

Our data show promising in vivo antitumor efficacy and provide preclinical proof of principle for the intravesical application of mucoadhesive nanoparticulate DTX formulation in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Phononic bandgap nano-acoustic cavity with ultralong phonon lifetime (2019)

We present measurements at millikelvin temperatures of the microwave-frequency acoustic properties of a crystalline silicon nanobeam cavity incorporating a phononic bandgap clamping structure for acoustic confinement. Utilizing pulsed laser light to excite a co-localized optical mode of the nanobeam cavity, we measure the dynamics of cavity acoustic modes with single-phonon sensitivity. Energy ringdown measurements for the fundamental $5$~GHz acoustic mode of the cavity shows an exponential increase in phonon lifetime versus number of periods in the phononic bandgap shield, increasing up to $τ\approx 1.5$~seconds. This ultralong lifetime, corresponding to an effective phonon propagation length of several kilometers, is found to be consistent with damping from non-resonant two-level system defects on the surface of the silicon device. Potential applications of these ultra-coherent nanoscale mechanical resonators range from tests of various collapse models of quantum mechanics to miniature quantum memory elements in hybrid superconducting quantum circuits.
“Failure To Thrive” in Older Adults (1996)

The term "failure to thrive" is frequently used to describe older adults whose independence is declining. The term was exported from pediatrics in the 1970s and is used to describe older adults with various concurrent chronic diseases, functional impairments, or both. Despite this heterogeneity, failure to thrive has had its own international Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code since 1979 and has been approached as a clinically meaningful diagnosis in many review articles. This conceptual framework, however, can create barriers to proper evaluation and management. The most worrisome of these barriers is the reinforcement of both fatalism and intellectual laziness, which need to be balanced with a deconstructionist approach, wherein the major areas of impairment are identified and quantified and have their interactions considered. Four syndromes known to be individually predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults are repeatedly cited as prevalent in patients with failure to thrive: impaired physical functioning, malnutrition, depression, and cognitive impairment. The differential diagnosis of contributors to each of these syndromes includes the other three syndromes, and multiple contributors often exist concurrently. Some of these contributors are unmodifiable, some are easily modifiable, and some are potentially modifiable but only with the use of resource-intensive strategies, initial interventions should be directed at easily remediable contributors in the hope of improving overall functional status, because a single contributor may simultaneously influence several other syndromes that conspire to create the phenotype of failure to thrive. How aggressively should more resource-intensive strategies for less easily modifiable contributors be pursued? This is a central clinical, ethical, and policy issue in geriatric medicine that cannot be settled without better process and outcome data. This paper examines the medical etymology of failure to thrive and proposes a rational approach to evaluation and management that is based on the limited medical literature.
Direct Formation of Mesostructured Silica‐Based Hybrids from Novel Siloxane Oligomers with Long Alkyl Chains (2003)

Lamellar and hexagonal structures of new silica-based hybrids were directly formed from newly designed alkylsiloxane oligomers 1. This approach based on the self-assembly of single precursors provides a novel pathway to ordered microporous silica as well as mesostructured silica-based hybrid materials (see scheme, 1) hydrolysis and polycondensation, 2) self-assembly).
An overview of error control codes for data storage (2002)

Early work on error control codes (ECC) began with technologists, mostly mathematicians, utilizing algorithms for simple applications. As circuit technology became more powerful and practical, work on ECC progressed to implement more sophisticated codes. The result is a variety of robust ECC algorithms and implementations. Every commercially available data storage device incorporates ECC designed specifically for its particular media, transport, electronics and operating characteristics. As a result, today's data storage devices tolerate a broad range of harsh conditions. In this paper, we will discuss the various codes which have been employed in data storage devices; including tape, disks and solid-state recorders. We will then describe DATATAPE's new approach to implementing Reed-Solomon (RS) algorithms into programmable devices to achieve flexibility in ECC capability. The algorithms involved will be a function of media and operational characteristics. The goal is to achieve high speed, low cost, configurable RS encoder/decoder devices, easily adapted to fit specific applications.
The Remission Clinic approach to halt the progression of kidney disease (2011)

Randomized multicenter studies in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic proteinuric nephropathies have clearly demonstrated that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) used alone or in combination, effectively retard renal disease progression. Proteinuria reduction, in addition to arterial blood pressure control, largely mediates the nephroprotective effect of RAS inhibitor therapy. Despite RAS inhibition, however, most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This highlights the importance of innovative therapies to halt or revert CKD progression in those at risk. Along this line, a multimodal strategy (Remission Clinic) targeting urinary proteins by dual RAS inhibition with ACE inhibitors and ARBs up-titrated to maximum tolerated doses, by intensified blood pressure control, amelioration of dyslipidemia by statins, smoking cessation and healthy lifestyle implementation was safely and effectively applied at our outpatient clinic to normalize urinary proteins and prevent renal function loss in patients otherwise predicted to rapidly progress to ESRD because of nephrotic-range proteinuria refractory to standard antihypertensive dosages of an ACE inhibitor. This approach achieved remission or regression of proteinuria and stabilized kidney function in most cases, and almost fully prevented progression to ESRD. Provided patients are closely monitored and treatment is cautiously up-titrated according to tolerability, this approach might be safely applied in day-by-day hospital practice. Effective prevention of ESRD would reduce costs of renal replacement therapy by dialysis or transplantation and would be life-saving where these are not available for all patients in need.
Genetic Variation of the Extra-large Stimulatory G Protein α-Subunit Leads to Gs Hyperfunction in Platelets and Is a Risk Factor for Bleeding (2001)

Alternatively spliced GNAS1 and XL-GNAS1, encoding respectively the stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunit (Gsalpha) and the extra-large stimulatory G-protein alpha-subunit (XLsalpha), are located on the imprinted chromosomal region 20q13.12-13. We presently report a functional polymorphism in the imprinted XL-GNAS1 gene. In three patients, a 36 bp insertion and two basepair substitutions flanking this insertion were found in the paternally inherited XL-GNAS1 exon 1. They clinically manifest an enhanced trauma-related bleeding tendency and a variable degree of mental retardation. A platelet aggregation inhibition test to evaluate Gs function was developed. Their platelets display Gs hyperfunction and an enhanced cAMP generation upon stimulation of Gs-coupled receptors. The prevalence of the XLsalpha insertion in a normal control group was 2.2%. Normal controls, inheriting the insertion maternally, had a normal platelet Gs activity, whereas controls inheriting the insertion paternally had increased inducible platelet Gs activity, defining the insertion as a functional polymorphism. This paternally inherited XLsalpha insertion represents a new genetic cause of an inherited bleeding tendency, although to a variable degree.
Restenosis following successful balloon valvuloplasty: Bone formation in aortic valve leaflets (1993)

Restenosis after balloon aortic valvuloplasty is common, occurring in as many as half or more of patients in the first year. To gain understanding of the mechanisms of restenosis we examined results of second dilatations and the histology of restenosed valves excised during valve replacement for restenosis. Eleven patients with calcific aortic stenosis underwent second valvuloplasty for restenosis. The mean age was 82 +/- 6 years. The interval between first and second dilatation was 14.7 +/- 8.5 months. First valvuloplasty resulted in an increase in valve area from 0.63 +/- 0.23 to 1.09 +/- 0.32 cm2 (p < 0.01). The valve area found after symptoms recurred was 0.56 +/- 0.18 cm2, not significantly different from the prevalvuloplasty dimensions. Second dilatation resulted in a mean aortic valve area of .76 +/- 0.22 cm2 (p = 0.011 vs results of first valvuloplasty). The change in valve area after first dilatation was 0.45 +/- 0.17 vs 0.20 +/- 0.13 cm2 after second dilatation (p < 0.01). Multiple histologic sections from excised, restenosed valves from five additional patients showed zones of active capillary and cellular proliferation and fibrosis in crevices between calcific nodules in three cases. Associated foci of ossification were seen in two of these. Stenotic nonvalvuloplasty control valves (n = 19) showed no ossifications. In conclusion, histologic changes in restenosed valves differ from those seen initially in calcific aortic stenosis, with granulation tissue, fibrosis, and ossification being present. These findings may help to explain the limited results of second dilatations for restenosis.
Exploratory computational assessment of possible binding modes for small molecule inhibitors of the CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory interaction. (2012)

Protein-protein interactions (PPI) tend to involve extensive, flat, and featureless interfaces that are difficult to disrupt by small molecule binding. However, recently, PPIs are being recognized as increasingly valuable 'druggable' targets. We have identified several small molecule inhibitors of the immunologically relevant CD40-CD154 co-stimulatory interaction that bind to the homotrimeric CD154, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF). Recently, on the basis of the co-crystal structure of CD154 with another small molecule (BIO8898), it has been suggested that these PPIs could be particularly susceptible to small molecule blockade due to a subunit fracture mechanism resulting in a distortion of the trimeric structure. To investigate whether this mechanism can occur with our organic dye-related inhibitors, we performed exploratory computational docking experiments. Possible druggable pockets that can serve as binding sites for small molecule inhibitors were identified with the FFT map algorithm both along the CD154-CD40 binding interface (competitive, orthosteric model) and in the interior core of the CD154 trimer corresponding to the BIO8898 binding site (allosteric model). Docking experiments (using Glide) were performed at these sites using the PDB ID: 3QD6 (CD40-CD154) and 3LKJ (BIO8898-CD154) co-crystal structures, respectively. The docking algorithm was able to better discriminate binders from non-binders at the deeper allosteric site than at the competitive site. Accordingly, an allosteric inhibitory mechanism that involves intercalation between monomeric subunits seems feasible for our small molecules making the constitutively trimeric CD154 a likely druggable target.