gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer Immunotherapy at the Crossroads (2004)

The growing evidence that tumors can evade the immune system through a variety of mechanisms makes understanding these processes critical to implementing new and more effective forms of immunotherapy. In Cancer Immunotherapy at the Crossroads: How Tumors Evade Immunity and What Can Be Done, leading investigators and clinicians detail the different mechanisms used by tumors to escape and impair the immune system and then spell out possible clinical strategies to prevent or reverse tumor-induced immune dysfunction. The authors review the mechanisms of immune dysfunction and evasion mechanisms in histologically diverse human tumors, focusing on tumor-induced molecular defects in T cells and antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and tumors) that may serve as biomarkers for patient prognosis. They discuss the means by which immune functions may be protected or restored in order to more effectively support the process of tumor rejection in situ. Cutting-edge techniques with the capacity to monitor the strength and quality of patients' immune responses using immunocytometry, MHC-peptide tetramers combined with apoptosis assay, ELISPOT assay, and detection of MHC-TAA peptide complexes on tumor cells are also outlined. State-of-the-art and insightful, Cancer Immunotherapy at the Crossroads: How Tumors Evade Immunity and What Can Be Done illuminates the possibilities for developing effective immunotherapies that can block the mechanisms by which tumors evade the immune system in different histologic types of tumors
Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Aβ1–40 Aggregation Is Mediated by Conformational Factors (1997)

The heterogeneous precipitates of Abeta that accumulate in the brain cortex in Alzheimer's disease possess varying degrees of resistance to resolubilization. We previously found that Abeta1-40 is rapidly precipitated in vitro by physiological concentrations of zinc, a neurochemical that is highly abundant in brain compartments where Abeta is most likely to precipitate. We now present evidence that the zinc-induced precipitation of Abeta is mediated by a peptide dimer and favored by conditions that promote alpha-helical and diminish beta-sheet conformations. The manner in which the synthetic peptide is solubilized was critical to its behavior in vitro. Zinc-induced Abeta aggregation was dependent upon the presence of NaCl, was enhanced by alpha-helical-promoting solvents, but was abolished when the peptide stock solution was stored frozen. The Abeta aggregates induced by zinc were reversible by chelation, but could then be reprecipitated by zinc for several cycles, indicating that the peptide's conformation is probably preserved in the zinc-mediated assembly. In contrast, Abeta aggregates induced by low pH (5.5) were not resolubilized by returning the pH milieu to 7.4. The zinc-Abeta interaction exhibits features resembling the gelation process of zinc-mediated fibrin assembly, suggesting that, in events such as clot formation or injury, reversible Abeta assembly could be physiologically purposive. Such a mechanism is contemplated in the early evolution of diffuse plaques in Alzheimer's disease and suggests a possible therapeutic strategy for the resolubilization of some forms of Abeta deposit in the disease.
Röntgen’s electrode-free elastomer actuators without electromechanical pull-in instability (2010)

Electrical actuators made from films of dielectric elastomers coated on both sides with stretchable electrodes may potentially be applied in microrobotics, tactile and haptic interfaces, as well as in adaptive optical elements. Such actuators with compliant electrodes are sensitive to the pull-in electromechanical instability, limiting operational voltages and attainable deformations. Electrode-free actuators driven by sprayed-on electrical charges were first studied by Röntgen in 1880. They withstand much higher voltages and deformations and allow for electrically clamped (charge-controlled) thermodynamic states preventing electromechanical instabilities. The absence of electrodes allows for direct optical monitoring of the actuated elastomer, as well as for designing new 3D actuator configurations and adaptive optical elements.
A beta-linked mannan inhibits adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human lung epithelial cells (1995)

Adherence through carbohydrate-binding adhesins is an early step in colonization of the lung by gram-negative organisms, and because published data indicate that binding involves mannose groups, we tested the ability of a beta-linked acetyl-mannan (acemannan) to inhibit adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cultures of human lung epithelial cells. Adherence of radiolabelled P.aeruginosa to A549 cells (a type II-like pneumocyte line) increased linearly with the duration of the incubation. Acemannan inhibited adherence of bacteria, and the extent of inhibition was related to the concentration of the mannan. Inhibition required continued contact between acemannan and the target epithelial cells; cells washed free of acemannan no longer discouraged bacterial binding. Comparison of binding between seven different strains of P.aeruginosa indicated that fewer mucoid than non-mucoid bacteria adhered, but binding of either phenotype was inhibited by acemannan. Mannose, methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside, methyl beta-D-mannopyranoside and dextran did not affect adherence of any of the non-mucoid strains. Mannose inhibited adherence by one mucoid strain, but not the other, indicating differences between strains of the same phenotype. Since prior treatment of epithelial cells with concanavalin A did not affect acemannan-induced inhibition of bacterial adherence, we concluded that the inhibitory effect of acemannan probably does not involve mannose-containing receptors.
A Monolithic Phased Array Using 3-bit Distributed RF MEMS Phase Shifters (2008)

This paper presents a novel electronically scanning phased-array antenna with 128 switches monolithically implemented using RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The structure, which is designed at 15 GHz, consists of four linearly placed microstrip patch antennas, 3-bit distributed RF MEMS low-loss phase shifters, and a corporate feed network. MEMS switches and high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> metal-air-metal capacitors are employed as loading elements in the phase shifter. The system is fabricated monolithically using an in-house surface micromachining process on a glass substrate and occupies an area of 6 cm times 5 cm. The measurement results show that the phase shifter can provide nearly 20deg/50deg/95deg phase shifts and their combinations at the expense of 1.5-dB average insertion loss at 15 GHz for eight combinations. It is also shown by measurements that the main beam can be steered to required directions by suitable settings of the RF MEMS phase shifters.
Catalytic Oligomerization of Methane via Microwave Heating (1999)

Catalytic microwave heating has been used as a method for the oligomerization of methane to higher hydrocarbons. Many catalysts were tested in this reaction. Nickel powder, iron powder, and activated carbon were the most active and efficient catalysts for the production of higher hydrocarbons. When helium was used as a diluent gas and the applied power was optimized, the selectivities were controlled to the most desired products. Iron powder was active only at high power (1130 W). At these conditions acetylene was avoided and ethylene and ethane were produced in the same proportion. At low power (378 W) with nickel powder as catalyst and no diluent, ethane was the major C2 hydrocarbon. The amount of acetylene increased when arcing was observed. The proportion of C2 products changed from ethane > ethylene > acetylene to ethylene > acetylene > ethane when the power was increased from 378 to 1130 W. The major product was CO when high power (1130 W) was used. Selectivities toward C3s and C4s were enhanced to 16 and 18%, respectively, and the major products were propane and methylpropane when He was used as a diluent gas. Activated carbon catalysts and helium diluent led to a product distribution of C2s of ethylene > acetylene > ethane at low applied power (378 W). At medium power (754 W) as time increases, the selectivities to C2s decrease and the selectivity to benzene increases to 33%. Some manganese oxides such as OMS-1, OMS-2, and MnO2 (dielectric constant, ε ≈ 104) were not active in these reactions. These data suggest that the dielectric constant is not the most important factor in the oligomerization of methane via microwave heating. Conversion and activities of these materials are not proportionally related to the surface area of the catalysts.
Clipping Formulated As an Adding Signal Technique for OFDM Peak Power Reduction (2009)

Due to the simplest way for PAPR reduction, clipping technique have been proposed and seem to be promising for use in commercial systems. In this paper, the conventional clipping technique is formulated as an adding signal technique for PAPR reduction. We show that, when clipping occurs very rarely, the adding signal for PAPR reduction commonly called ldquopeak-reducing signalrdquo or ldquopeak-cancelling signalrdquo is approximately the distortion term resulting in the nonlinear processing of the OFDM envelope. This result may be extended to all forms of clipping. Later in this paper, the performance of clipping is characterized by deriving an asymptotic PAPR distribution of the clipped signal and by proposing a simple closed form of its signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) metric. These theoretical results corresponds to a special case of geometric method which is an adding signal technique for PAPR reduction.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance assignments and secondary structure determination of the ColE1 rop (rom) protein (1990)

The complete resonance assignment of the ColE1 rop (rom) protein at pH 2.3 was obtained by two-dimensional (2D) proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) at 500 and 600 MHz using through-bond and through-space connectivities. Sequential assignments and elements of regular secondary structure were deduced by analysis of nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments and 3JHN alpha coupling constants. One 7.2-kDa monomer of the homodimer consists of two antiparallel helices connected by a hairpin loop at residue 31. The C-terminal peptide consisting of amino acids 59-63 shows no stable conformation. The dimer forms a four-helix bundle with opposite polarization of neighboring elements in agreement with the X-ray structure.
Pharmacotherapy for Cluster Headache (2020)

Cluster headache is characterised by attacks of excruciating unilateral headache or facial pain lasting 15 min to 3 h and is seen as one of the most intense forms of pain. Cluster headache attacks are accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic symptoms such as ptosis, miosis, redness or flushing of the face, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, peri-orbital swelling and/or restlessness or agitation. Cluster headache treatment entails fast-acting abortive treatment, transitional treatment and preventive treatment. The primary goal of prophylactic and transitional treatment is to achieve attack freedom, although this is not always possible. Subcutaneous sumatriptan and high-flow oxygen are the most proven abortive treatments for cluster headache attacks, but other treatment options such as intranasal triptans may be effective. Verapamil and lithium are the preventive drugs of first choice and the most widely used in first-line preventive treatment. Given its possible cardiac side effects, electrocardiogram (ECG) is recommended before treating with verapamil. Liver and kidney functioning should be evaluated before and during treatment with lithium. If verapamil and lithium are ineffective, contraindicated or discontinued because of side effects, the second choice is topiramate. If all these drugs fail, other options with lower levels of evidence are available (e.g. melatonin, clomiphene, dihydroergotamine, pizotifen). However, since the evidence level is low, we also recommend considering one of several neuromodulatory options in patients with refractory chronic cluster headache. A new addition to the preventive treatment options in episodic cluster headache is galcanezumab, although the long-term effects remain unknown. Since effective preventive treatment can take several weeks to titrate, transitional treatment can be of great importance in the treatment of cluster headache. At present, greater occipital nerve injection is the most proven transitional treatment. Other options are high-dose prednisone or frovatriptan.
Glaucoma: Science and Practice (2002)

Epidemiology and genetics of Glaucoma Determinants of intraocular pressure The optic nerve The glaucomas General considerations in glaucoma therapy Medical therapy of glaucoma Laser therapy of glaucoma Surgical therapy of glaucoma Glaucoma- the future?.
Method for trapping and manipulating nanoscale objects in solution (2005)

We present a device that allows a user to trap a single nanoscale object in solution at ambient temperature, and then to position the trapped object with nanoscale resolution. This anti-Brownian electrophoretic trap (ABEL trap) works by monitoring the Brownian motion of the particle (via fluorescence microscopy), and then applying a feedback voltage to the solution so that the electrophoretic drift exactly cancels the Brownian motion. The ABEL trap works on any object that can be imaged optically and that acquires a charge in water. The ABEL trap is noninvasive, is gentle enough to handle biological molecules, and can trap objects far smaller than can be trapped with laser tweezers. Our proof-of-principle device can trap fluorescent polystyrene nanospheres with diameters down to 20nm.
The Extracellular Calcium-sensing Receptor Dimerizes through Multiple Types of Intermolecular Interactions (2001)

Recent studies have shown that the G protein-coupled, extracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](o))-sensing receptor (CaR) forms disulfide-linked dimers through cysteine residues within its extracellular domain and that dimerization of the CaR has functional implications. In this study, we have investigated which of these disulfide linkages are essential for dimerization of the CaR and whether they are required for these functional interactions. Our results confirm the key roles of Cys(129) and Cys(131) in CaR dimerization. However, utilizing cross-linking of the CaR or immunoprecipitation of a non-FLAG-tagged CaR with a FLAG-tagged CaR using anti-FLAG antibody, we demonstrate that CaRs with or without these two cysteines form dimers on the cell surface to a similar extent. In addition, reconstitution of CaR-mediated signaling by cotransfection of two individually inactive mutant CaRs is nearly identical in the presence or absence of both Cys(129) and Cys(131), showing that covalent linkage of CaR dimers is not needed for functional interactions between CaR monomers. These findings suggest that the CaR has at least two distinct types of motifs mediating dimerization and functional interactions, i.e. covalent interactions involving intermolecular disulfide bonds and noncovalent, possibly hydrophobic, interactions.
Swelling and rheology of saponified starch–g–polyacrylonitrile copolymers. Effect of starch granule pretreatment and grafted chain length (1978)

A series of well-characterized starch–g–polyacrylonitrile (PAN) graft copolymers was prepared from corn starch which had been heated in water at temperatures up to 94°C to vary the extent of starch granule swelling and disruption. Graft polymerization onto gelatinized starch gave less frequent grafting of higher molecular weight PAN than comparable graft polymerizations onto ungelatinized starch. A graft copolymer was also prepared from gelatinized starch under high dilution conditions to give lower molecular weight grafted PAN and more frequent grafting. Graft copolymers were then saponified with sodium hydroxide to convert nitrile substituents to a mixture of carboxamide and sodium carboxylate. Saponified graft copolymers were only partially water soluble and consisted largely of highly swollen, insoluble gel, which was separated from solubles for the study of physical properties. Saponification mixtures were also dried to yield highly absorbent polymer films. With the exception of the graft copolymer prepared under high dilution conditions, the physical properties of saponified graft copolymers depended on whether or not the granules of starch were gelatinized before graft polymerization. Compared with saponified graft copolymers derived from ungelatinized starch, those prepared from gelatinized starch gave films that absorbed larger amounts of aqueous fluids. Also, the gel fractions from these saponified gelatinized polymers exhibited higher water swelling, lower shear modulus, and a lower reduced viscosity function (η/cQ). The saponified graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized starch under high dilution conditions more closely resembled those prepared from ungelatinized starch, suggesting that molecular weight of grafted PAN and the grafting frequency rather than starch granule pretreatment might be the most important factor which influences properties.
Performance measurement in blind audio source separation (2006)

In this paper, we discuss the evaluation of blind audio source separation (BASS) algorithms. Depending on the exact application, different distortions can be allowed between an estimated source and the wanted true source. We consider four different sets of such allowed distortions, from time-invariant gains to time-varying filters. In each case, we decompose the estimated source into a true source part plus error terms corresponding to interferences, additive noise, and algorithmic artifacts. Then, we derive a global performance measure using an energy ratio, plus a separate performance measure for each error term. These measures are computed and discussed on the results of several BASS problems with various difficulty levels
The question of chair-twist equilibria for the phosphate rings of nucleoside cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates. Proton NMR and x-ray crystallographic study of the diastereomers of thymidine phenyl cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe question of chair-twist equilibria for the phosphate rings of nucleoside cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates. Proton NMR and x-ray crystallographic study of the diastereomers of thymidine phenyl cyclic 3',5'-monophosphateKeith A. Nelson, Wesley G. Bentrude, William N. Setzer, and John P. HutchinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 13, 4058–4064Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00247a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00247a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A novel ultra low power temperature sensor for UHF RFID tag chip (2007)

A novel ultra low power temperature sensor for UHF RFID tag chip is presented. The sensor consists of a constant pulse generator, a temperature related oscillator, a counter and a bias. Conversion of temperature to digital output is fulfilled by counting the number of the clocks of the temperature related oscillator in a constant pulse period. The sensor uses time domain comparing, where high power consumption bandgap voltage references and traditional ADCs are not needed. The sensor is realized in a standard 0.18μm CMOS process, and the area is only 0.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The accuracy of the temperature sensor is ±1°C after calibration. The power consumption of the sensor is only 0.9μW.
Experimental Autoimmune Adrenalitis: A Murine Model for Addison's Disease (1992)

Experimental autoimmune adrenalitis was produced in mice by immunizing 8 times or more at intervals of 30 days with syngeneic adrenal extract mixed with Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as a potent adjuvant. The cortex regions of the adrenal glands after the 8th injection were definitely infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The main infiltrates in the lesions after the 9th injection were replaced by mononuclear cells, such as small lymphocytes and macrophages, and further by fibrous connective tissues. There were no histological changes in the medullary regions. The repeated immunization developed the delayed type hypersensitivity to adrenal extract and production of anti-adrenocortical autoantibody in those immunized mice. Moreover, the adrenalitis could be produced in normal mice by transfer of spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice, suggesting the critical role of the cell-mediated immunity. This experimental model might be useful to study immunological phenomena in the pathogenesis of Addison's disease.
Fabrication of Stable Hollow Capsules by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFabrication of Stable Hollow Capsules by Covalent Layer-by-Layer Self-AssemblyYongjun Zhang, Shuguang Yang, Ying Guan, Weixiao Cao, and Jian XuView Author Information State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 11, 4238–4240Publication Date (Web):May 8, 2003Publication History Received1 March 2003Published online8 May 2003Published inissue 1 June 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0342729https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0342729brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1194Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hollow structures,Layer by layer deposition,Nucleic acid structure,Self organization,Stability Get e-Alerts