gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stepper matching for optimum line performance (1997)

A method of stepper set-up, maintenance, and tracking is described that is intended to match the overlay performance of multiple-model steppers in a multiple technology manufacturing line. The philosophy of this method is to determine, track and control systematic errors associated with overlay, and to measure and characterize the non- systematic or random errors to determine the base line performance capability of the stepper tool set. A description of the stepper set-up procedure, the data collection and analysis routines, and data from these procedures will be presented. A matrix of baseline stepper- to-stepper performance will be shown, along with additional analysis of non-systematic errors that were found to be not very `random'. An example of line performance after stepper set-up will be shown, along with a discussion on differences between set-up analysis and production lot measurements.
Mechanisms underlying the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro (1993)

Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in vivo and in vitro are reviewed. The use of assays specific for immunoreactive intact parathyroid hormone has greatly improved our capacity to study parathyroid hormone dynamics in vivo. Such studies have emphasized the steep, inverse sigmoidal relationship between circulating intact parathyroid hormone and serum ionized Ca2+ concentrations, which can be modulated in a reciprocal fashion by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. The use of the intact assay has also revealed additional complexities in the control of parathyroid hormone dynamics in vivo, including circadian and pulsatile patterns in parathyroid hormone as well as hysteresis and rate dependence in the relationship between intact parathyroid hormone levels and Ca2+. Studies in vitro have emphasized the role of a putative, extracellular Ca2+ receptor in regulating parathyroid function that is coupled by one or more G proteins to intracellular second messengers and parathyroid hormone secretion. Finally, the regulation of parathyroid hormone gene expression by extracellular Ca2+ and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D has been clarified at a molecular level by the description of specific motifs in the upstream region of the parathyroid hormone gene that mediate binding of specific inhibitory nuclear factors.
Aspects of bone healing and bone substitute incorporation. An experimental study in rabbit skull bone defects. (1992)

After an initial assessment of the experimental approach this experimental project was undertaken to study the regenerative response and incorporation of various implanted materials in calvarial bone defects in rabbits. Four 5-mm full-thickness defects were trephined in the frontal and parietal bones of the rabbits. After removal of the circular bone plugs the defects were used as recipient sites for inlay bone tissue and bone substitutes. In five separate studies the impact of bone regeneration of autogeneic bone grafts or eight bone substitutes were evaluated mainly by contact radiography, light microscopy and morphometry. The observation periods were four and 15 weeks. The main findings were: Autogeneic bone chips offered only minor advantages over controls in the model used and, also, differences in bone regeneration between diversified amounts of bone chips were negligible. In contrast, after bone paste implantation a cellular and mature bone was rapidly produced. Natural bone mineral (Bio-Oss) and synthetic dense hydroxylapatite ceramic proved to be biocompatible and a definite long term bone regeneration around all implants regardless of granulae size or resorbability was observed. Initial bone regeneration in and around the Bio-Oss particles was more extensive. Demineralized bone matrix of membranous and enchondral origins displayed extensive osteoinductive capacity and early bone production significantly exceeded that of control groups. The embryonic origin implied minor effects on the initial regenerative response only. Lyophilized bone allografts of two embryonic origins showed a low osteoinductive potential and a similar fashion of bone regeneration. No marked difference between these groups were displayed. HTR-polymer alone or combined with membraneous mineralized autogeneic bone chips showed a more rapid early bone regeneration than the groups containing lactomer beads, resorbable gel and controls. Also, the HTR-material proved to be a well-tolerated implant material by the recipient tissue bed.
Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration by Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (2003)

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of several surfactants that contain an NLO chromophore, either at the hydrocarbon tail, or at the hydrophilic headgroup, or even as a counterion, was determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS). In all cases, the HRS signal exhibited a similar variation with surfactant concentration, wherein the CMC is inferred from a rather unprecedented drop in the signal intensity. This drop is attributed to the formation of small pre-micellar aggregates, whose concentrations become negligible above CMC. In addition, a probe molecule, which upon protonation yielded a species with significantly enhanced HRS intensity, was developed and its utility for the determination of the CMC of simple fatty acids was demonstrated.
Intravesical Interleukin-15 Gene Therapy in an Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model (2011)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is known to stimulate the proliferation of CD8(+) T-cells and natural killer cells, and also to help to maintain memory CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that it may be of value in cytokine treatment of bladder cancer. In this experiment, we tested the efficiency of intravesical liposomal IL-15 gene delivery and its antitumor effect in a mouse orthotopic bladder cancer model. We established an orthotopic bladder cancer model by implanting 5×10(5) MBT-2 cells into female C3H/HeN mice through the urethra. The mice received repeated intravesical gene delivery injected with liposome-mediated plasmids (5 μg) transurethrally. On day 23, the bladder weights in the group receiving medium alone, the beta-galactosidase gene delivery control group, and the IL-15 gene therapy group were 196±36 mg, 201±35 mg, and 96±29 mg, respectively (p<0.05), demonstrating the antitumor effect of intravesical IL-15 gene therapy in this model. In the bladders treated with IL-15 gene plasmid instillation, histological analysis revealed that many inflammatory cells were induced around the tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that there was predominant infiltration of CD8(+) T cells around the tumor nest. After the intravesical IL-15 gene therapy, the growth of rechallenged subcutaneous MBT-2 cells in surviving mice was inhibited again via tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, although newly implanted FM3A cells in the same mice were not rejected. The present findings indicate that IL-15 gene therapy may be a promising new adjuvant therapy for bladder cancer.
Could Alerting Physicians for Low Alkaline Phosphatase Levels Be Helpful in Early Diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia? (2017)

Laboratories do not alert physicians in cases with low ALP levels. A persistently low level in patients with unspecified diagnoses could be a key to diagnose HPP. Implementing lab-specific ranges and alerting for low levels could prompt physicians to investigate for undiagnosed HPP.
NATURAL VARIATION IN THE GENETIC CODE (1987)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
p53 independent G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis induced by a novel retinoid in human breast cancer cells. (1995)

The biological activity of a novel synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (AHPN) was investigated in human breast carcinoma (HBC) cells. Although capable of selective binding to the RAR gamma nuclear receptor, AHPN inhibited the growth of a number of HBC cell lines via RAR- or RXR-independent pathways. AHPN also inhibited the growth of the human leukemia cell line HL-60R which does not possess functional RARs. RA significantly inhibited AP-1 mediated gene activation in MCF-7 cells while AHPN displayed no such anti-AP-1 activity. Retinoids normally are cytostatic in their inhibition of breast carcinoma growth and permit cell proliferation upon their removal, wher as AHPN induced G0/G1 arrest within 6h followed by apoptosis. In MCF-7 cells that harbor wild type p53, AHPN-induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis was accompanied by p53-independent regulation of WAF1/CIP1 as well as bax mRNA levels while bcl-2 mRNA levels were decreased. In MDA-MB-231 cells which possess a mutant p53, AHPN-mediated G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis was also associated with a concomitant up regulation of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA while these cells did not express bax or bcl-2 messages. Thus AHPN represents a novel retinoid that induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis via a unique pathway which appears to involve activation of known downstream effectors of p53 in a p53-independent manner.
Migraine : pharmacology and genetics (1996)

5HT receptor subtypes. Central and peripheral 5HT receptor effects. PET scan studies. Recurrence after 5HT1D agonist treatment - clinical. Recurrence after 5HT1D agonist treatment - pharmacological. Evoked potentials in migraine: indicators of abnormal CNS neurotransmission. GABA receptors. Somatostatin receptors. Neurotrophins. Neuropeptides. Familial hemiplegic syndromes. Comorbidity. Chromesome 19 in migraine with and without aura. Models for the genetics of migraine.
The Shape of Things to Come (2007)

Mechanistic understanding of how ligands can fine-tune the immune response may lead to better vaccine adjuvants.
Scintigraphic detection of metastatic melanoma using indium 111/DTPA conjugated anti-gp240 antibody (ZME-018). (1987)

We evaluated the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and localization of a monoclonal IgG2 alpha murine anti-human melanoma (gp240) antibody (ZME-018) that recognizes a tumor-associated cell surface glycoprotein of 240,000 molecular weight present in most melanomas. The antibody was conjugated with DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) and labeled by chelation of 111In. One mg of antibody labeled with 5 mCi of 111In was infused, together with 0 to 40 mg of "cold" carrier ZME-018. The blood clearance, urinary excretion, and in vivo localization were determined in 26 patients. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 24 hours and 72 hours in all patients. Mild toxicity occurred in one patient. The half-time clearance of labeled monoclonal murine antibody (MoAb) from the blood increased from 16.1 hours at an antibody dose of 1 mg to 35.9 hours at 40 mg. Males showed faster clearance from the blood than did females or a single castrated male, perhaps due to selective concentration of antibody in the testes. Nonspecific uptake in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and intestine was seen in all patients. The percentage of known metastatic foci detected increased with the total dosage of antibody, from 23% at doses less than or equal to 5 mg, to 65%, 87% and 78% for 10, 20, and 40 mg, respectively. We conclude that at doses of greater than or equal to 10 mg, ZME-018 is a safe and potentially useful agent for the scintigraphic detection of metastatic malignant melanoma.
Fast context-aware recommendations with factorization machines (2011)

The situation in which a choice is made is an important information for recommender systems. Context-aware recommenders take this information into account to make predictions. So far, the best performing method for context-aware rating prediction in terms of predictive accuracy is Multiverse Recommendation based on the Tucker tensor factorization model. However this method has two drawbacks: (1) its model complexity is exponential in the number of context variables and polynomial in the size of the factorization and (2) it only works for categorical context variables. On the other hand there is a large variety of fast but specialized recommender methods which lack the generality of context-aware methods.
Far‐ultraviolet laser ablation of atherosclerotic lesions (1984)

Far-ultraviolet (far-UV) (193 nm) laser radiation ablates arterial wall tissue, including noncalcified atherosclerotic lesions, with no apparent thermal damage to remaining tissue. This effect contrasts sharply with the thermal damage produced by visible-wavelength laser irradiation. The mechanism by which far-UV radiation interacts with tissue is predominantly photochemical rather than photothermal. Potential clinical applications include those in which geometrically precise removal of tissue, without thermal damage to the remaining substrate, is desired. Ultraviolet laser catheterization appears practical with respect to the availability of fiberoptic materials and high-pulse-rate excimer lasers.
EXPRESSION OF THE IL-1 FAMILY IN HUMAN INTERVEREBRAL DISC (2003)

Objective and Background : Interleukin 1 has been implicated in the progression of degenerative disc disease, however little data is available on the expression and production of IL-1 within degenerate discal cells. A few studies, have investigated herniated disc tissue but the results from these studies have been inconsistent. This study investigated the gene expression of IL-1 α, β, Ra and the receptor type I in discs removed at surgery from 7 prolapsed, 3 Scoliosis and 15 Degenerative discs (DD). In addition immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to localise IL-1 α and IL-1 β within normal, and degenerate discs. Methods : Human IVD tissue was obtained from disc replacement surgery and separated into nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue, cell isolation using collagenase treatment was carried out, and RNA extraction on the cells performed immediately. Real time RT-PCR was then used to investigate gene expression of IL-1 gene family. IHC for IL-1 α and IL-1 β was also performed on paraffin embedded normal and degenerate disc samples. Results : Expression of the IL-1 family genes was present at low levels within prolapsed disc samples. In contrast levels within scoliosis patents were the highest of the 3 disease states, however in both prolapsed discs and those from scoliosis patients a balance of IL-1 α/β to IL-1 Ra existed. Within samples from DD this balance was lost, with levels of IL-1 α and IL-1 β greatly exceeding levels of IL-1 Ra. In addition levels of IL-1 α and β showed an increase with age and were highest in those samples from the AF than the NP. IHC demonstrated both IL-1 α and IL-1 β protein within the NP and AF cells of the degenerate discs. Conclusion : This study has demonstrated the mRNA expression of all members of the IL-1 family within IVD and in addition the chondrocytes within the disc produced IL-1 α and IL-1 β protein. The imbalance of IL-1 α/β to IL-1 Ra within those samples from degenerate discs but not prolapsed or scoliotic discs suggests a role for IL-1 within discal degeneration.
Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier Changes in Capillary Amyloid Angiopathy (2012)

Our data provide support for the early observation that neuroinflammatory response is involved in the altered expression of TJs in endothelial cells and loss of BBB integrity in capCAA.
Review Article: A Brief Review of Formaldehyde Carcinogenesis in Relation to Rat Nasal Pathology and Human Health Risk Assessment (1997)

The 1980 report that inhaled formaldehyde induced nasal squamous cell carcinomas in rats had a significant societal impact and resulted in extensive research in the fields of rodent nasal pathology and human cancer risk assessment. This article presents an overview of the evolution of these events. It is concluded that the nasal passages of humans and rats are fundamentally identical biological target organs. Nevertheless, in the case of human health risk assessment, minor differences between these species may be critically important. Special attention should be paid to interspecies differences in nasal dosimetry and local metabolism; thus, chemical toxicity data derived from rats require careful interpretation when used for human risk assessments. In the case of formaldehyde, it is recommended that low-concentration (< or = 2 ppm airborne exposure) extrapolation, where no tissue damage is observed, be uncoupled from the responses at high concentrations (> or = 6 ppm), where epithelial degeneration, regenerative cell replication, and inflammation appear to be essential driving forces in formaldehyde carcinogenesis. The presence of treatment-related nasal lesions in rats following exposure to chemicals should always be treated as an indication of a potential human health risk, whether exposure is by the inhalation, oral, or dermal route.
A substantial level of donor hematopoietic chimerism is required to protect donor-specific islet grafts in diabetic nod mice (2003)

Our data demonstrate that a donor lymphocyte chimerism (>30%) at the time of islet transplantation is required to protect donor-specific islet grafts, and indicate that a strictly non-irradiation-based protocol can be used to achieve this goal.
The reductive formylation of some quinoxaline derivatives (1968)

Reduction of quinoxaline and its 2-methyl derivative by formic acid in formamide yields a mixture of the corresponding NN′-diformyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-compound and 2,2′-biquinoxalinyl. 2-Hydroxyquinoxalines are converted into 4-formyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-oxoquinoxalines. Condensation products formed from acetone and some nitroquinoxalines are described.
Noncoherent trellis-coded quantization for massive MIMO limited feedback beamforming (2013)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are regarded as a potential breakthrough in cellular network design, with transmit precoding to multiple downlink users playing a central role in the projected capacity gains. Most prior work assumes that the channel estimates required for precoder design are obtained by exploiting reciprocity in time division duplexed (TDD) systems. However, most cellular networks today are frequency division duplexed (FDD), for which reciprocity based channel side information (CSI) is not available, hence explicit channel feedback from mobiles to base station is required for downlink precoding. Conventional “limited feedback” approaches, based on quantizing the channel coefficients based on a predefined vector quantization codebook, do not scale to massive MIMO because of computational complexity and lack of flexibility. We propose a novel noncoherent trellis-coded quantization (NTCQ) which uses the duality between noncoherent sequence detection and vector quantization for maximizing beamforming gain. The advantages of NTCQ include linear complexity in the number of transmit antennas, with vector quantization accomplished using an off-the-shelf Viterbi algorithm, and flexibility in adjusting the feedback overhead to support a variable number of transmit antennas without changing the structure of the quantizer.
Neonicotinoid-induced pathogen susceptibility is mitigated by Lactobacillus plantarum immune stimulation in a Drosophila melanogaster model (2017)

Pesticides are used extensively in food production to maximize crop yields. However, neonicotinoid insecticides exert unintentional toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) that may partially be associated with massive population declines referred to as colony collapse disorder. We hypothesized that imidacloprid (common neonicotinoid; IMI) exposure would make Drosophila melanogaster (an insect model for the honey bee) more susceptible to bacterial pathogens, heat stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Our results suggested that the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway is necessary for D. melanogaster survival in response to IMI toxicity. IMI exposure induced alterations in the host-microbiota as noted by increased indigenous Acetobacter and Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, sub-lethal exposure to IMI resulted in decreased D. melanogaster survival when simultaneously exposed to bacterial infection and heat stress (37 °C). This coincided with exacerbated increases in TotA and Dpt (Imd downstream pro-survival and antimicrobial genes, respectively) expression compared to controls. Supplementation of IMI-exposed D. melanogaster with Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 mitigated survival deficits following Serratia marcescens (bacterial pathogen) septic infection. These findings support the insidious toxicity of neonicotinoid pesticides and potential for probiotic lactobacilli to reduce IMI-induced susceptibility to infection.
CD82, member of the tetra-span-transmembrane protein family, is a costimulatory protein for T cell activation (1995)

It is now well documented that full activation of T cells requires a two-signal triggering that can be mimicked, in the absence of accessory cells, by co-immobilization of mAbs directed to stimulatory/accessory molecules (CD2, CD3, CD28, adhesion molecules, etc.). In this report, we describe that engagement of CD82 can delivery such a costimulatory signal for full activation of the human T cell line Jurkat, leading to strong IL-2 production and cell differentiation. The CD82 Ag, which belongs to the new tetra-span-transmembrane family (CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and CD81 (TAPA-1)), has been identified originally in our laboratory for its enhanced expression on three LAK-susceptible cell lines, and has been characterized as an activation/differentiation marker of mononuclear cells. Jurkat cells, stimulated in vitro by co-immobilization of anti-CD82 and anti-CD3 mAbs, produced high levels of IL-2, became strongly adherent to plastic dishes, and developed dendritic processes. These morphologic changes, associated with a total arrest of cell proliferation, were not the result of cell death but rather of cell differentiation, as shown by an increase in their metabolic activity. Costimulation through both CD82 and CD3 induced up-regulation of both IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA synthesis (but not of IL-4) and an increased expression of HLA class I molecules at the cell surface, which was inhibited by anti-IFN-gamma Ab.
FGFR1 amplification in breast carcinomas: a chromogenic in situhybridisation analysis (2007)

Given that up to 8.7% of all breast cancers harbour FGFR1 amplification and that this amplification is an independent predictor of overall survival, further studies analysing the FGFR1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer patients are warranted.
A new performance driven placement method with the Elmore delay model for row based VLSIs (1995)

In this paper, we present a new performance driven placement method based on path delay constraint approach for large standard cell layout. The proposed method consists of three phases and uses the Elmore delay model to model interconnection delay precisely in each phase. In the first phase, initial placement is performed by an efficient performance driven mincut partitioning method. Next, an iterative improvement method by nonlinear programming improves the layout. The improvement is formulated as the problem of minimizing the total wire length subject to critical path delays. Finally, row assignment considering timing constraint is performed. From the experimental results, the proposed method is much better than RITUAL in point of the maximal violation ratio, the total wire length, and the cut size, and is more effective in the interconnection delay model and its extendability.