gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential role of CD91 in re-presentation of gp96-chaperoned peptides (2004)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as gp96 are released from cells as a result of necrotic cell death. The ability of endogenous HSP-peptide complexes to elicit antigen-specific T cells requires representation of the chaperoned peptides by antigen-presenting cells. Re-presentation requires the uptake of HSP-peptide complexes through a receptor, suggested to be the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein or CD91. We have used short interfering RNA for CD91 to show that, as antigen-presenting cells lose expression of CD91, their re-presenting ability undergoes a corresponding and dramatic decline. Furthermore, as the cells recover from extinction of CD91 expression, they regain the ability to re-present peptides. The ability of cells to bind alpha(2) macroglobulin, a previously known CD91 ligand, or HSP gp96, and their ability to process peptides chaperoned by alpha(2) macroglobulin, undergo identical variations. These results have been obtained from studies in vitro and from an assay that measures re-presentation in vivo. In additional studies in vivo, protective tumor immunity elicited by tumor-derived gp96-peptide complexes is shown to be abrogated by anti-CD91 antisera. These studies show that CD91 is essential for re-presentation of gp96-chaperoned peptides by MHC molecules and have an important bearing on the mechanism of immunogenicity of necrotic cells.
Intraspecific Phylogeny and Lineage Group Identification Based on theprfAVirulence Gene Cluster ofListeria monocytogenes† (2004)

Listeria monocytogenes is a serious food-borne pathogen that can cause invasive disease in humans and other animals and has been the leading cause of food recalls due to microbiological concerns in recent years. In order to test hypotheses regarding L. monocytogenes lineage composition, evolution, ecology, and taxonomy, a robust intraspecific phylogeny was developed based on prfA virulence gene cluster sequences from 113 L. monocytogenes isolates. The results of the multigene phylogenetic analyses confirm that L. monocytogenes comprises at least three evolutionary lineages, demonstrate that lineages most frequently (lineage 1) and least frequently (lineage 3) associated with human listeriosis are sister-groups, and reveal for the first time that the human epidemic associated serotype 4b is prevalent among strains from lineage 1 and lineage 3. In addition, a PCR-based test for lineage identification was developed and used in a survey of food products demonstrating that the low frequency of association between lineage 3 isolates and human listeriosis cases likely reflects rarity of exposure and not reduced virulence for humans as has been previously suggested. However, prevalence data do suggest lineage 3 isolates may be better adapted to the animal production environment than the food-processing environment. Finally, analyses of haplotype diversity indicate that lineage 1 has experienced a purge of genetic variation that was not observed in the other lineages, suggesting that the three L. monocytogenes lineages may represent distinct species within the framework of the cohesion species concept.
Transient Increase in the Risk of Breast Cancer after Giving Birth (1994)

Pregnancy has a dual effect on the risk of breast cancer: it transiently increases the risk after childbirth but reduces the risk in later years. In women with two pregnancies, the short-term adverse effect is masked by the long-term protection imparted by the first pregnancy. A plausible biologic interpretation is that pregnancy increases the short-term risk of breast cancer by stimulating the growth of cells that have undergone the early stages of malignant transformation but that it confers long-term protection by inducing the differentiation of normal mammary stem cells that have the potential for neoplastic change.
In Vivo Targeting through Click Chemistry (2015)

Targeting small molecules to diseased tissues as therapy or diagnosis is a significant challenge in drug delivery. Drug-eluting devices implanted during invasive surgery allow the controlled presentation of drugs at the disease site, but cannot be modified once the surgery is complete. We demonstrate that bioorthogonal click chemistry can be used to target circulating small molecules to hydrogels resident intramuscularly in diseased tissues. We also demonstrate that small molecules can be repeatedly targeted to the diseased area over the course of at least one month. Finally, two bioorthogonal reactions were used to segregate two small molecules injected as a mixture to two separate locations in a mouse disease model. These results demonstrate that click chemistry can be used for pharmacological drug delivery, and this concept is expected to have applications in refilling drug depots in cancer therapy, wound healing, and drug-eluting vascular grafts and stents.
Complete amino acid sequence of γ‐subunit of the GTP‐binding protein from cattle retina (1985)

The complete amino acid sequence of the gamma-subunit of the GTP-binding protein from cattle retina has been established. The polypeptide chain of the gamma-subunit consists of 69 amino acid residues and contains the unusual sequence Cys35-Cys36. The Mr of the gamma-subunit is 8008.7.
Moraine-mound formation by englacial thrusting: the Younger Dryas moraines of Cwm Idwal, North Wales (2000)

Abstract The Younger Dryas ( c. 11-10 ka bp ) moraine-mound complex (‘hummocky moraine’) in the historically important site of Cwm Idwal, North Wales, has previously been interpreted using periglacial, subglacial, ice-marginal and englacial models. In this paper the morphology and sedimentology of these landforms is described and the competing hypotheses tested against this evidence. It is demonstrated that an englacial thrusting model, developed for polythermal glaciers in Svalbard, best fits the available evidence. Thrusting probably resulted from longitudinal compression against a reverse bedrock slope, although a frozen snout, downglacier of sliding ice, may also have been a trigger. It is suggested that the role of ice-deformation, especially thrusting, in landform development has been underestimated, and that the englacial thrusting model may find application in the interpretation of other sites in the palaeo-landform record.
Novel space-time processing of DS/CDMA multipath signal (2003)

This paper proposes a novel space-time receiver structure that jointly combines all possible diversities to combat multipath-induced interchip interference (ICI) and multiusers-induced cochannel interference (CCI or MAI). The proposed structure converts the design of a 2D RAKE receiver into the deconvolution filtering or space-time beamforming framework. The linear complexity detection algorithm is both computationally and conceptually feasible. The effect of pointing error (estimation error of the channel parameters) on the system's performance is also extensively studied. Moreover, we propose an adaptive robust beamforming technique to improve the system performance that is severely degraded in the presence of pointing error. Simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the system performance to approach the ideal case (without pointing error).
Hylan gel biomaterial: Dermal and immunologic compatibility (1993)

Hylan, a hyaluronan derivative, was chemically cross-linked with divinyl sulfone to produce a water-insoluble gel. This gel was fragmented into a gel slurry and evaluated for particle size, biocompatibility, and residence times in selected tissues. Hylan gels used in this study are made up of pseudoplastic, deformable gel particles with greater elasticity (at all frequencies) and greater viscosity (shear rates, 0.01 sec-1) than the water soluble hylan polymer. Hylan gel was injected intradermally and subdermally in mice and was found to produce a minimal reaction at 24 h; thereafter (up to 7 weeks) there was no significant tissue reaction. Intradermal injection of [3H]-hylan gel in guinea pigs revealed a minimal tissue reaction after 1 week, and measurement of radioactivity in the tissue at 1, 2, and 4 weeks revealed only a slight decrease in the total amount of injected radioactivity. The immunogenic activity of hylan gel was evaluated in rabbits; unmodified hylan gel, degraded hylan gel, and hylan gel ovalbumin conjugate were used to immunize rabbits. No antibody production to any hylan gel sample was detected, although control rabbits immunized with ovalbumin developed titers > 400 of antiovalbumin antibodies by day 21, as measured by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay (PCA). Last, serum from owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) in which hylan gel had been placed intravitreally for up to 3 years contained no detectable anti-hylan gel antibodies (PCA assay). Skin tests on these monkeys were also negative.
Controlled, Simultaneous Assembly of Polyethylenimine onto Nanoparticle Silica Colloids (2006)

A novel precision-assembly methodology is described on the basis of the controlled, simultaneous assembly (CSA) of a core nanoparticle substrate and polyelectrolyte solutions. The method is capable of assembly rates at least as fast as 10(16) core particles s(-1) L(-1) and affords concentrated suspensions of stable colloids with an adsorbed polyelectrolyte. The resulting dispersions are highly homogeneous, have a low viscosity and narrow particle-size distribution, and are stable colloids, even at solid concentrations of at least 33 wt %. The adsorption isotherm and the saturation adsorption for polyethylenimine (PEI) assemblies onto a 15 nm silica colloid have been evaluated with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The saturation adsorption is highly dependent upon the pH at assembly and is given by the equation PEIa (micromol m(-2)) = 1.73pH - 1.89, R2 = 0.986, where micromoles refers to the concentration of the EI monomer. The saturation concentration increases from 6.8 micromol m(-2) at pH 5.0 to 13.7 micromol m(-2) at pH 9.0. The adsorbed polyelectrolyte may be cross-linked and thereby permanently fixed to the colloid surface to prepare nanoparticle-polyelectrolyte colloidal assemblies having enhanced colloid stability, high homogeneity, and a high fraction (>80%) of permanently adsorbed polyelectrolyte. These assemblies are stable at physiological pH and ionic strength and may represent ideal substrates for bioconjugation and, ultimately, the design of nanocarriers for in vivo applications.
Quantitative Characterization of Breathing upon Adsorption for a Series of Amino-Functionalized MIL-53 (2012)

This work presents the synthesis of MIL-53(Al) metal–organic frameworks with different terephthalate/2-aminoterephthalate linker ratios incorporated into the framework during hydrothermal synthesis. In all cases, the materials show prominent S-shaped isotherms upon CO2 adsorption that can be attributed to sorbate-induced breathing phenomena involving two narrow-to-large-pore phase transitions. However, the breathing properties of the MIL-53(Al) materials (i.e., the relative stability of the np phase) are modified by adjusting the terephthalate/2-aminoterephthalate ratio. As a consequence, the pressure at which the second np → lp phase transition occurs, as well as Henry’s constant for CO2 adsorption, are directly associated with the number of amino-modified linkers. The different N2 and CO2 adsorption/desorption patterns have been successfully reproduced through the formulation of thermodynamic isotherms, providing direct information about energy heterogeneity of the solid/sorbate system and a direct characterization of the phase transition zone for breathing systems.
Neutrophils in the innate immune response. (2006)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or neutrophils) are an essential component of the human innate immune system. Circulating neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of infection by host- and/or pathogen-derived components, which also prime these host cells for enhanced microbicidal activity. PMNs bind and ingest microorganisms by a process known as phagocytosis, which typically triggers production of reactive oxygen species and the fusion of cytoplasmic granules with pathogen-containing vacuoles. The combination of neutrophil reactive oxygen species and granule components is highly effective in killing most bacteria and fungi. Inasmuch as PMNs are the most abundant type of leukocyte in humans and contain an arsenal of cytotoxic compounds that are non-specific, neutrophil homeostasis must be highly regulated. To that end, constitutive PMN turnover is regulated by apoptosis, a process whereby these cells shut down and are removed safely by macrophages. Notably, apoptosis is accelerated following phagocytosis of bacteria, a process that appears important for the resolution of infection and inflammation. This review provides a general overview of the role of human neutrophils in the innate host response to infection and summarizes some of the recent advances in neutrophil biology.
Structural and superconducting properties of orientation-orderedY1Ba2Cu3O7−xfilms prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy (1987)

Superconducting ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}x}$ films were produced by metal molecular-beam epitaxy with one electron beam and two thermal cells and a molecular oxygen-gas source. The films were epitaxially grown on SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$(100) with an $a$-axis orientation perpendicular to the plane, and $b$ and $c$ axes ordered in the plane. A sharp resistive superconducting transition with ${T}_{c}(R=0)$ at 82 K was obtained. A lower limit of the average ${J}_{c}$ in the plane is ${10}^{3}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 77 K, 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 70 K, and ${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 4.2 K.
Deaths: final data for 2005. (2008)

Generally, mortality patterns in 2005, such as the age-adjusted death rate declining to a record historical low, were consistent with long-term trends. Life expectancy in 2005 remained the same as that in 2004.
Moving object extraction with cooperative cameras (2003)

Abstract We present a novel approach to robust extraction of moving objects with cooperative static and active cameras. The active camera, for usual broadcasts, is fixed in location but free to rotate and zoom. The static camera is a completely fixed panoramic camera viewing a whole scene. Precalibration and on‐the‐ground calibration are carried out to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. The two cameras work in synchronism, and the motion parameters (e.g., pan, tilt, zoom, focus) of the active camera are measured for each image frame. Background subtraction is applied to the image sequence of the static camera to extract moving objects, and the obtained moving objects are then transformed to the image sequence of the active camera using both calibrated camera parameters and camera motion parameters. The approach is robust and fast and has a number of other desirable features. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(1): 13–25, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10557
Silencing of NUF2 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas (2014)

In conclusion, these results demonstrate that NUF2 plays a critical role in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that NUF2 may serve as a potential molecular target for therapeutic approaches.
Correction: Comparison of Gene Expression Profile of Epiretinal Membranes Obtained from Eyes with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy to That of Secondary Epiretinal Membranes (2013)

Background: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a destructive complication of retinal detachment and vitreoretinal surgery which can lead to severe vision reduction by tractional retinal detachments. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene expression profile of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) associated with a PVR (PVR-ERM) and to compare it to the expression profile of less-aggressive secondary ERMs.
Spectrally narrow pulsed dye laser without beam expander (1978)

We have developed a simplified version of the side-pumped pulsed dye laser which has a spectral halfwidth of 1.25 GHz and a peak power of 10 kW at 600 nm. The basic laser consists of only four components (output mirror, dye cell, diffraction grating, and tuning mirror) and is exceptionally easy to align. Since the beam expander has been eliminated, the laser cavity can be made quite compact. Under the condition of reduced gain, the laser has been operated in a single mode.
Cost–effectiveness analysis of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) with Interstim for fecal incontinence patients in Spain (2008)

Introducing Interstim in the management of FI in IAS and SDAS patients in the Spanish setting has shown to be an efficient measure with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio below the accepted Spanish threshold (around euro35 000/QALY), and with a relatively low additional cost for the Spanish NHS.
Frontal Top-Down Signals Increase Coupling of Auditory Low-Frequency Oscillations to Continuous Speech in Human Listeners (2015)

Humans show a remarkable ability to understand continuous speech even under adverse listening conditions. This ability critically relies on dynamically updated predictions of incoming sensory information, but exactly how top-down predictions improve speech processing is still unclear. Brain oscillations are a likely mechanism for these top-down predictions [1, 2]. Quasi-rhythmic components in speech are known to entrain low-frequency oscillations in auditory areas [3, 4], and this entrainment increases with intelligibility [5]. We hypothesize that top-down signals from frontal brain areas causally modulate the phase of brain oscillations in auditory cortex. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to monitor brain oscillations in 22 participants during continuous speech perception. We characterize prominent spectral components of speech-brain coupling in auditory cortex and use causal connectivity analysis (transfer entropy) to identify the top-down signals driving this coupling more strongly during intelligible speech than during unintelligible speech. We report three main findings. First, frontal and motor cortices significantly modulate the phase of speech-coupled low-frequency oscillations in auditory cortex, and this effect depends on intelligibility of speech. Second, top-down signals are significantly stronger for left auditory cortex than for right auditory cortex. Third, speech-auditory cortex coupling is enhanced as a function of stronger top-down signals. Together, our results suggest that low-frequency brain oscillations play a role in implementing predictive top-down control during continuous speech perception and that top-down control is largely directed at left auditory cortex. This suggests a close relationship between (left-lateralized) speech production areas and the implementation of top-down control in continuous speech perception.
Molecularly Designed Chromonic Liquid Crystals for the Fabrication of Broad Spectrum Polarizing Materials (2004)

The chromonic mesogens shown were designed to absorb at different wavelengths and yet display chromonic liquid-crystalline properties in a common solvent. Induced orientation of the mixed liquid crystals by a mechanical shearing force followed by evaporation of solvent produced anisotropic solid films that polarize light from about 450 to 890 nm.
Versatile Approach for Integrative and Functionalized Tubes by Strain Engineering of Nanomembranes on Polymers (2008)

We have developed a generic approach to engineer tubular micro-/nanostructures out of many different materials (see figure) with tunable diameters and lengths by precisely releasing and rolling up functional nanomembranes on polymers. The technology spans across different scientific fields ranging from photonics to biophysics and we demonstrate optical ring resonators, magneto-fluidic sensors, remotely controlled microjets and 2D confined channels for cell growth guiding. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Descriptive study of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea (2004)

Intravenous immunoglobulin is useful for the treatment of intractable and severe CDD. Controlled studies are needed to assess the true value of this and other forms of passive immunotherapy.
Experimental results of a new system using microwaves for vision correction (2009)

Technology is in development to correct vision without the use of lasers or cutting of the eye. Many current technologies used to reshape the cornea are invasive, in that either RF needles are placed into the cornea or a flap is cut and then a laser used to ablate the cornea in the optical zone. Keraflex, a therapeutic microwave treatment, is a noninvasive, non-incisional refractive surgery procedure capable of treating myopia (nearsightedness). The goal is to create a predictable refractive change in the optical zone, while preserving the epithelium and deeper structures of the eye. A further goal is to avoid incisions and damage to the epithelium which both require a post-treatment healing period. Experimental work with fresh porcine eyes examined the following variables: duration of the RF pulse, RF power level, coolant amount and timing, electrode spacing, applanation force against the eye, initial eye temperature, and age of eye. We measured curvature changes of the eye with topography, Scheimpflug, Wavefront aberrometry or other means to characterize diopter change as an important endpoint. Other assessment includes evaluation of a fine white ring seen in the cornea following treatment. Dose studies have been done to correlate the treated region with energy delivered. The timing and dosing of energy and cooling were investigated to achieve the target diopter change in vision.
Sensitivity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. to the bactericidal action of LL‐37: a cathelicidin found in human leukocytes and epithelium (2000)

The bactericidal activity of synthetic LL-37, a cathelicidin, was assessed against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (three strains) and Capnocytophaga spp. (three strains). All strains were sensitive to LL-37, and exhibited 99% effective dose of 7.5-to-11.6 micrograms/ml. An amidated form of LL-37, pentamide-37, killed with about the same efficacy as LL-37. Partial inhibition of killing was noted at physiologic concentrations of NaCl, and complete inhibition was observed at 400 mM NaCl. At approximately the 99% effective dose--i.e., 10 micrograms/ml--LL-37 also lost activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans in the presence of native or heat-inactivated 10-15% normal human AB serum. Pentamide-37 was less sensitive to serum inhibition than LL-37. In conclusion, certain oral, gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to the bactericidal activity of LL-37 at low concentrations of serum and salt, a condition likely to be found within the membrane-delimited phagolysosome. Modified forms of LL-37, such as pentamide-37, may be more suitable for future therapeutic application in the presence of serum.
Abstract 16117: Sildenafil Reduces Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients With Single Ventricular Physiology (2013)

Background: In patients with single ventricular physiology, risk of Fontan operation increases with higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Furthermore, in patients after Fontan operation, even...