gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II-induced Down-regulation of Inositol Trisphosphate Receptors in WB Rat Liver Epithelial Cells (1997)

Chronic stimulation of WB rat liver epithelial cells by angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in the down-regulation of both type I and type III myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). Stimulation with vasopressin, bradykinin, epidermal growth factor, or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was without effect. Ang II-induced down-regulation of IP3Rs could be detected within 2 h and resulted in an inhibition of IP3-induced Ca2+ release from permeabilized cells. IP3R down-regulation was reversible, and both homo- and heterooligomers of IP3Rs were equally susceptible to Ang II-induced degradation. Chloroquine and NH4Cl increased the basal levels of IP3Rs by 2-fold, suggesting that the basal turnover of IP3Rs occurs via a lysosomal pathway. However, Ang II-induced degradation of IP3R was not affected by these inhibitors, suggesting that stimulated degradation of IP3Rs occurs via a non-lysosomal pathway. The cysteine protease and proteasomal inhibitor N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal completely prevented Ang II-mediated down-regulation of IP3Rs, whereas the structural analog N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-methioninal was without effect. Lactacystin, a highly specific proteasome inhibitor, also blocked Ang II-mediated IP3R degradation. Stimulation with Ang II increased the amount of IP3R immunoprecipitated by anti-ubiquitin antibodies. We conclude that Ang II-stimulated IP3R degradation involves enhanced ubiquitination of the protein and degradation by the proteasome pathway.
Comparison of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 mitogenic intracellular signaling pathways. (1996)

We compared the intracellular insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin signaling pathways in Rat1 fibroblasts expressing the equivalent number of insulin receptors and endogenous IGF-1 receptors. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Shc in a similar dose- and time-dependent manner. The time course of Shc phosphorylation by both IGF-1 and insulin was slower than that of IRS-1. Both phosphorylated IRS-1 and Shc associated with Grb2.Sos complexes, leading to p21ras activation. To compare the functional importance of p21ras for IGF-1-and insulin-induced DNA synthesis, single cell microinjection studies were performed. BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized DNA was measured by immunofluorescence microscopy to assess the functional importance of p21ras. Both IGF-1 and insulin stimulated BrdU incorporation, but the effect of IGF-1 was greater. Microinjection of anti-p21ras antibody completely inhibited both IGF-1-and insulin-induced DNA synthesis, indicating the central role of p21ras in signaling by both hormones. Signal transduction from these receptors to Grb2.Sos complexes can occur through IRS-1 and/or Shc. To assess these two possible pathways, we performed Western blots for Grb2 in anti-Shc and anti-IRS-1 immunoprecipitates and found that 5-fold more Grb2 was associated with Shc than with IRS-1 after either IGF-1 or insulin stimulation. Microinjection of anti-Shc antibody inhibited IGF-1 and insulin stimulation of DNA synthesis by 78% and 74%, respectively. By microinjecting Shc subdomains of GST fusion proteins, we found that Shc N-terminus, but not the Shc SH2, was the functionally important domain through which Shc interacts with IGF-1 and insulin receptors. Insulin stimulation caused hyperphosphorylation and decreased electrophoretic mobility of Sos, and a similar effect was seen with IGF-1, although the time course was delayed compared with insulin. Finally, IGF-1 activated mitogen-activated proten kinase activity more effectively than insulin. These data indicate that Shc, rather than IRS-1, appears to be the predominant functional link to Grb2.Sos complexes from the IGF-1 receptor, as it is from the insulin receptor. Although IGF-1 and insulin stimulate cell cycle progression with similar coupling mechanisms from the receptor to Shc, to Grb2.Sos, to p21ras, the delayed IGF-1 induced mobility shift of Sos could lead to, at least in part, more efficient coupling to mitogen-activated protein kinase. These findings might explain the greater mitogenic activity of IGF-1 compared with insulin.
노년기의 분노에 대한 성경적 상담 방안 (2012)

본 논문은 고령사회를 눈앞에 두고 현대사회에서 소외집단으로 부각되고 있는 노인의 분노의 문제에 대한 기독교상담 방안을 모색함에 있어 심리학적 이론에 근거한 상담방안이 아닌, 개혁신학에 바탕을 둔 성경적 상담 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 노년기에 대한 이해에서 노인이 누구인가에 관한 것과 노년기의 특성을 살펴보았다. 노년기에는 우울증 경향이 증가하고 내향성과 수동성이 증가하며, 성역할 지각이 변화되고 경직성과 조심성이 증가하는 것을 보았다. 특히 노년기 분노의 원인으로 건강의 문제와 경제적 문제, 그리고 사회적 부적응의 문제로 인한 분노가 나타나게 되며, 분노의 개념적 이해를 고찰하였다. 노년기 분노에 대한 성경적 상담 방안을 제시하기 위하여 먼저 성경적 상담의 신학적 이해를 살핀 후, 성경에 나타난 분노와 성경적 상담 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 쓴 뿌리를 제거하라. 둘째, 분노의 시간제한이 있음을 보게 하라. 셋째 분노로부터 마음을 지키라. 넷째, 벗어야 할 것이 있음을 말하라. 다섯째, 분노를 극복하는 길은 용서임을 알게 하라. 이러한 변화는 하나님 말씀인 성경과 성령의 역사로 이루어지게 된다는 점을 강조하였다.
Cloning and characterization of a human orthologue of testis-specific succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (Scot-t) cDNA (2002)

Succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (scot; EC 2.8.3.5) is a key enzyme for metabolism of ketone bodies. Previously, we have cloned a testis-specific succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (scot-t) cDNA from a subtracted cDNA library of mouse testis and demonstrated its expression to be specific to late haploid male germ cells. In this study, the human orthologue of mouse scot-t was cloned and characterized. The entire coding region of the mRNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of human Scot-t (h-Scot-t) showed 75.4 and 75.8% identity with mouse scot-t respectively. The mRNA was exclusively expressed in the testis, and the protein was localized to the midpiece of ejaculated spermatozoa where mitochondria exist. We showed that the h-Scot-t gene was intronless by using a polymerase chain reaction technique and that a non-functional pseudogene, 98% similar to h-Scot-t, was also located on the human genome (1p33-34.3). Furthermore, the genomic structure of the actual h-Scot-t transcription unit was found to be located in an intron (1p34.1-35.3) of the bone morphogenetic protein 8 (BMP8) gene. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that h-Scot-t is a single intronless gene specifically expressed in the testis.
Control of mandibular incisors with the combined Herbst and completely customized lingual appliance - a pilot study (2010)

The Incognito-Herbst combination is the first Herbst device with full control over mandibular incisor movement. Using this system, anchorage loss or anchorage gain is independent of the Herbst treatment. It depends only on the planned tooth position of the individual target setup.
Use of immunoelectron microscopy to show Ebola virus during the 1989 United States epizootic. (1990)

A filovirus, serologically related to Ebola virus, was detected by "post-embedment" immunoelectron microscopical examination of MA-104 cells. These had been infected by inoculation with serum samples obtained during the 1989 epizootic in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), imported from the Philippines and maintained at Reston, Virginia, USA, a primate holding facility. The immunoelectron microscopy method, when used in conjunction with standard transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of infected cells, provided consistent results and was simple to perform in this epizootic. It is concluded that immunoelectron microscopy is potentially useful in the direct immunological diagnosis of Ebola and related filoviral infections (such as Marburg) in clinical samples obtained from those with acute infection.
Primary structure of cAMP‐gated channel from bovine olfactory epithelium (1990)

The complete amino-acid sequence of the bovine olfactory epithelium adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-gated channel has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. It exhibits a high degree of sequence homology with the cGMP-gated channel of rod photoreceptors, suggesting that cyclic nucleotide-gated channels fall into a new family of genetically related proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Difluorine‐Containing Amino Acids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure Activity of 3-Aryl-1,3-diketo-Containing Compounds as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors (2002)

The 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-butenoic acids and their isosteric tetrazoles are among an emerging class of aryl beta-diketo (ADK)-based agents which exhibit potent inhibition of HIV-1 integrase (IN)-catalyzed strand transfer (ST) processes, while having much reduced potencies against 3'-processing (3'-P) reactions. In the current study, L-708,906 (10e) and 5CITEP (13b), which are two examples of ADK inhibitors that have been reported by Merck and Shionogi pharmaceutical companies, served as model ADK leads. Structural variations to both the "left" and "right" sides of these molecules were made in order to examine effects on HIV-1 integrase inhibitory potencies. It was found that a variety of groups could be introduced onto the left side aryl ring with maintenance of good ST inhibitory potency. However, introduction of carboxylic acid-containing substituents onto the left side aryl ring enhanced 3'-P inhibitory potency and reduced selectivity toward ST reactions. Although both L-708,906 and 5CITEP show potent inhibition of IN in biochemical assays, there is a disparity of antiviral activity in cellular assays using HIV-1-infected cells. Neither 5CITEP nor any other of the indolyl-containing inhibitors exhibit significant antiviral effects in cellular systems. Alternatively, consistent with literature reports, L-708,906 does provide antiviral protection at low micromolar concentrations. Interestingly, several analogues of L-708,906 with varied substituents on the left side aryl ring, while having good inhibitory potencies against IN in extracellular assays, are not antiviral in whole-cell systems.
Bimodal content defined chunking for backup streams (2010)

Data deduplication has become a popular technology for reducing the amount of storage space necessary for backup and archival data. Content defined chunking (CDC) techniques are well established methods of separating a data stream into variable-size chunks such that duplicate content has a good chance of being discovered irrespective of its position in the data stream. Requirements for CDC include fast and scalable operation, as well as achieving good duplicate elimination. While the latter can be achieved by using chunks of small average size, this also increases the amount of metadata necessary to store the relatively more numerous chunks, and impacts negatively the system's performance. We propose a new approach that achieves comparable duplicate elimination while using chunks of larger average size. It involves using two chunk size targets, and mechanisms that dynamically switch between the two based on querying data already stored; we use small chunks in limited regions of transition from duplicate to nonduplicate data, and elsewhere we use large chunks. The algorithms rely on the block store's ability to quickly deliver a high-quality reply to existence queries for already-stored blocks. A chunking decision is made with limited lookahead and number of queries. We present results of running these algorithms on actual backup data, as well as four sets of source code archives. Our algorithms typically achieve similar duplicate elimination to standard algorithms while using chunks 2-4 times as large. Such approaches may be particularly interesting to distributed storage systems that use redundancy techniques (such as error-correcting codes) requiring multiple chunk fragments, for which metadata overheads per stored chunk are high. We find that algorithm variants with more flexibility in location and size of chunks yield better duplicate elimination, at a cost of a higher number of existence queries.
Plant Molecular Vehicles: Potential Vectors for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants (1982)

INTRODUCTION 609 POTENTIAL VEHICLES DERIVED FROM NATURALLY OCCURRING PLANT VECTORS AND PATHOGENS 612 Agrobaclerium Ti-plasmids 612 Potential use as a vehicle ........•.•.........••••.• •.• ••.• • •.•.... 615 CaulimoYiruses 619 Possible use as a vehicle ....... 623 Geminiviruses 625 RNA Viruses: Genomic and Satellite RNAs 626 Viroids 631 POTENTIAL VEHICLES DERIVED FROM UNSTABLE PLANT GENOME COMPONENTS 633 Mitochondrial Extrachromosomal Elements in Maize 633 Nuclear Controlling Elements in Maize 636 POTENTIAL VEHICLES DERIVED FROM STABLE PLANT GENOME COMPONENTS 637 DELIVERY SYSTEMS 639 PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSIONS 640
Polyamine metabolism and function (1982)

Polyamines are ubiquitous organic cations of low molecular weight. The content of these amines is closely regulated by the cell according to the state of growth. The reactions responsible for the biosynthesis and interconversion of the polyamines and their precursor putrescine are described and the means by which polyamine content can be varied in response to exogenous stimuli are discussed. The role of polyamines in the cell cycle, cell division, tissue growth, and differentiation is considered. Recent studies using highly specific inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis such as alpha-difluoromethylornithine to prevent accumulation of polyamines have indicated that the synthesis of polyamines is intimately associated with these processes. Such inhibitors have great potential for investigation of the cellular role of polyamines.
Modulation response (S21) of the coupled opto-electronic oscillator (2006)

We report on the derivation of an analytical model for the modulation response (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> ) of an open RF loop for the coupled opto-electronic oscillator (COEO). The small signal linearized model takes into account the effect of positive feedback in the optical loop of the COEO, and predicts the associated Q enhancement. Other effects, such as mode matching between the loop modes and the microresonator modes, and the effect of linear cavity configuration, are studied as well. The model is backed up by experimental results. Phase noise of a short fiber COEO is also presented
A general method to design dominant negatives to B-HLHZip proteins that abolish DNA binding (1997)

We describe a method to design dominant-negative proteins (D-N) to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (B-HLHZip) family of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factors. The D-Ns specifically heterodimerize with the B-HLHZip dimerization domain of the transcription factors and abolish DNA binding in an equimolar competition. Thermal denaturation studies indicate that a heterodimer between a Myc B-HLHZip domain and a D-N consisting of a 12-amino acid sequence appended onto the Max dimerization domain (A-Max) is -6.3 kcal.mol-1 more stable than the Myc:Max heterodimer. One molar equivalent of A-Max can totally abolish the DNA binding activity of a Myc:Max heterodimer. This acidic extension also has been appended onto the dimerization domain of the B-HLHZip protein Mitf, a member of the transcription factor enhancer binding subfamily, to produce A-Mitf. The heterodimer between A-Mitf and the B-HLHZip domain of Mitf is -3.7 kcal.mol-1 more stable than the Mitf homodimer. Cell culture studies show that A-Mitf can inhibit Mitf-dependent transactivation both in acidic extension and in a dimerization-dependent manner. A-Max can inhibit Myc-dependent foci formation twice as well as the Max dimerization domain (HLHZip). This strategy of producing D-Ns may be applicable to other B-HLHZip or B-HLH proteins because it provides a method to inhibit the DNA binding of these transcription factors in a dimerization-specific manner.
[Apoptosis of K562 cells induced by antisense-oligonucleotides of CRKL gene]. (2002)

CRKL gene is an important factor in the pathogenesis of Ph-positive CML.
Substituent Effects on Desferrithiocin and Desferrithiocin Analogue Iron-Clearing and Toxicity Profiles (2012)

Desferrithiocin (DFT, 1) is a very efficient iron chelator when given orally. However, it is severely nephrotoxic. Structure-activity studies with 1 demonstrated that removal of the aromatic nitrogen to provide desazadesferrithiocin (DADFT, 2) and introduction of either a hydroxyl group or a polyether fragment onto the aromatic ring resulted in orally active iron chelators that were much less toxic than 1. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a comparable reduction in renal toxicity could be achieved by performing the same structural manipulations on 1 itself. Accordingly, three DFT analogues were synthesized. The iron-clearing efficiency and ferrokinetics were evaluated in rats and primates; toxicity assessments were carried out in rodents. The resulting DFT ligands demonstrated a reduction in toxicity that was equivalent to that of the DADFT analogues and presented with excellent iron-clearing properties.
Cell-based drug-delivery Platforms (2011)

Cell systems have recently emerged as biological drug carriers, as an interesting alternative to other systems such as micro- and nano-particles. Different cells, such as carrier erythrocytes, bacterial ghosts and genetically engineered stem and dendritic cells have been used. They provide sustained release and specific delivery of drugs, enzymatic systems and genetic material to certain organs and tissues. Cell systems have potential applications for the treatment of cancer, HIV, intracellular infections, cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease or in gene therapy. Carrier erythrocytes containing enzymes such us L-asparaginase, or drugs such as corticosteroids have been successfully used in humans. Bacterial ghosts have been widely used in the field of vaccines and also with drugs such as doxorubicin. Genetically engineered stem cells have been tested for cancer treatment and dendritic cells for immunotherapeutic vaccines. Although further research and more clinical trials are necessary, cell-based platforms are a promising strategy for drug delivery.
5-methylcytosine in RNA: detection, enzymatic formation and biological functions (2009)

The nucleobase modification 5-methylcytosine (m(5)C) is widespread both in DNA and different cellular RNAs. The functions and enzymatic mechanisms of DNA m(5)C-methylation were extensively studied during the last decades. However, the location, the mechanism of formation and the cellular function(s) of the same modified nucleobase in RNA still remain to be elucidated. The recent development of a bisulfite sequencing approach for efficient m(5)C localization in various RNA molecules puts ribo-m(5)C in a highly privileged position as one of the few RNA modifications whose detection is amenable to PCR-based amplification and sequencing methods. Additional progress in the field also includes the characterization of several specific RNA methyltransferase enzymes in various organisms, and the discovery of a new and unexpected link between DNA and RNA m(5)C-methylation. Numerous putative RNA:m(5)C-MTases have now been identified and are awaiting characterization, including the identification of their RNA substrates and their related cellular functions. In order to bring these recent exciting developments into perspective, this review provides an ordered overview of the detection methods for RNA methylation, of the biochemistry, enzymology and molecular biology of the corresponding modification enzymes, and discusses perspectives for the emerging biological functions of these enzymes.
Effect of a Slow-Release 5´-Aminosalicylic Acid Preparation on Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease (1986)

A short-term double-blind controlled trial has been performed comparing a slow-release 5'-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) tablet (Pentasa) with placebo in the outpatient treatment of mild and moderate active Crohn's colitis. The disease activity was measured objectively by quantitation of the faecal excretion of 111In-labelled autologous granulocytes, which directly reflects gut inflammation. Twelve patients were randomized to receive either Pentasa or placebo. After 10 days of treatment faecal granulocyte excretion fell in all patients receiving 5-ASA, while no consistent change was found in the placebo group. These results suggest that this slow-release preparation of 5-ASA should be tested in larger controlled therapeutic trials over a longer period of time.
Substrate specificity and properties of the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA methyltransferase, RsmE (2007)

The small ribosome subunit of Escherichia coli contains 10 base-methylated sites distributed in important functional regions. At present, seven enzymes responsible for methylation of eight bases are known, but most of them have not been well characterized. One of these enzymes, RsmE, was recently identified and shown to specifically methylate U1498. Here we describe the enzymatic properties and substrate specificity of RsmE. The enzyme forms dimers in solution and is most active in the presence of 10-15 mM Mg(2+) and 100 mM NH(4)Cl at pH 7-9; however, in the presence of spermidine, Mg(2+) is not required for activity. While small ribosome subunits obtained from an RsmE deletion strain can be methylated by purified RsmE, neither 70S ribosomes nor 50S subunits are active. Likewise, 16S rRNA obtained from the mutant strain, synthetic 16S rRNA, and 3' minor domain RNA are all very poor or inactive as substrates. 30S particles partially depleted of proteins by treatment with high concentrations of LiCl or in vitro reconstituted intermediate particles also show little or no methyl acceptor activity. Based on these data, we conclude that RsmE requires a highly structured ribonucleoprotein particle as a substrate for methylation, and that methylation events in the 3' minor domain of 16S rRNA probably occur late during 30S ribosome assembly.
III-nitride micro-emitter arrays: development and applications (2008)

III-nitride micro-emitter array technology was developed in the authors' laboratory around 1999. Since its inception, much progress has been made by several groups and the technology has led to the invention of several novel devices. This paper provides an overview on recent progress in single-chip ac-micro-size light emitting diodes (μLEDs) that can be plugged directly into standard high ac voltage power outlets, self-emissive microdisplays and interconnected μLEDs for boosting light emitting diodes's wall-plug efficiency, all of which were evolved from III-nitride micro-emitter array technology. Finally, potential applications of III-nitride visible micro-emitter arrays as a light source for DNA microarrays and future prospects of III-nitride deep ultraviolet micro-emitter arrays for label-free protein analysis in microarray format by taking advantage of the direct excitation of intrinsic protein fluorescence are discussed.
PCR differentiation of commercial yeast strains using intron splice site primers (1996)

The increased use of pure starter cultures in the wine industry has made it necessary to develop a rapid and simple identification system for yeast strains. A method based upon the PCR using oligonucleotide primers that are complementary to intron splice sites has been developed. Since most introns are not essential for gene function, introns have evolved with minimal constraint. By targeting these highly variable sequences, the PCR has proved to be very effective in uncovering polymorphisms in commercial yeast strains. The speed of the method and the ability to analyze many samples in a single day permit the monitoring of specific yeast strains during fermentations. Furthermore, the simplicity of the technique, which does not require the isolation of DNA, makes it accessible to industrial laboratories that have limited molecular expertise and resources.