gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of sleep‐disordered breathing by unattended overnight oximetry (1999)

Summary Between January 1994 and July 1997, 793 patients suspected of having sleep‐disordered breathing had unattended overnight oximetry in their homes followed by laboratory polysomnography. From the oximetry data we extracted cumulative percentage time at S a O 2 &lt; 90% (CT 90 ) and a saturation variability index (ΔIndex, the sum of the differences between successive readings divided by the number of readings – 1). CT 90 was weakly correlated with polysomnographic apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), (Spearman 𝓅 =0.36, P &lt; 0.0001) and with ΔIndex ( 𝓅 =0.71, P &lt; 0.0001). ΔIndex was more closely correlated with AHI ( 𝓅 =0.59, P &lt; 0.0001). In a multivariate model, only ΔIndex was significantly related to AHI, the relationship being AHI=18.8 ΔIndex +7.7. The 95% CI for the coefficient were 16.2, 21.4, and for the constant were 5.8, 9.7. The sensitivity of a ΔIndex cut‐off of 0.4 for the detection of AHI≥15 was 88%, for detection of AHI≥20 was 90% and for the detection of AHI≥25 was 91%. The specificity of ΔIndex ≥0.4 for AHI≥15 was 40%. In 113 further patients, oximetry was performed simultaneously with laboratory polysomnography. Under these circumstances ΔIndex was more closely correlated with AHI ( 𝓅 =0.74, P &lt; 0.0001), as was CT 90 ( 𝓅 =0.58, P &lt; 0.0001). Sensitivity of ΔIndex ≥0.4 for detection of AHI≥15 was not improved at 88%, but specificity was better at 70%. We concluded that oximetry using a saturation variability index is sensitive but nonspecific for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea, and that few false negative but a significant proportion of false positive results arise from night‐to‐night variability.
Effect of mixed dissolved solutes on the vapour liquid equilibrium of the ethanol-water system: prediction and experimental verification (1993)

Chemical Engineering Research and Design
Implications of results of molecular epidemiology on DNA adducts, their repair and mutations for mechanisms of human cancer. (2004)

This review covers human data on DNA adducts, their repair and induced mutations. The new data on human studies in vivo challenge some widely held notions relating to cancer and ageing. These data collected from humans of different ages show no age-dependent change in levels of diverse DNA adducts in peripheral lymphocytes, no deterioration of global DNA excision repair in skin in situ and no change in mutation rate, because the HPRT mutant fraction increases linearly by age. These molecular epidemiological results argue against earlier animal and in-vitro data, but are in line with multistage models for cancer. A further application of DNA adducts as an intermediary tool for genotyping studies, for both metabolic enzyme and DNA repair system genotypes, is recommended. As the common polymorphisms are likely to cause at most moderate increases in the risk of cancer, the intermediary adduct end-point is a necessary proof of causal relationships. The mechanistic data on the mutational spectra induced by important human DNA adducts may be helpful in the characterization, not only of carcinogenic exposures, but also of protective factors, such as dietary ingredients. Examples are shown of the application of mutational spectra on the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene in kidney cancer in relation to dietary intake. Some fruit and vegetables provide protection against mutations and the effect is stronger among smokers who have both endogenous and exogenous mutagenic exposures.
<title>Strategies toward the development of integrated chemical sensors fabricated from light-emitting porous silicon</title> (1997)

In this work several different approaches designed to produce an opto-electronic chemical sensor based on light-emitting porous Si are described, all of which entail modification of the as-formed porous Si surface in order to alter device characteristics. The issue of selectivity and sensitivity of a given porous Si sensor can be modified by coating the porous Si surface with 'basket'-shaped molecules known as calixarenes; the ability of such a structure to detect copper ions and organonitrogen compounds is reported. Surface modification of porous Si through etching and deposition of conducting polymers in order to alter Si light emission color and intensity is also discussed. The fabrication of porous Si- based waveguides on Si and the impact of surface modification with erbium ions are also described.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Inflammation while Enhancing Bacterial Clearance and Improving Survival in Sepsis (2010)

These data demonstrate that MSCs have beneficial effects on experimental sepsis, possibly by paracrine mechanisms, and suggest that immunomodulatory cell therapy may be an effective adjunctive treatment to reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.
Strongly Phosphorescent Palladium(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Ligands with Mixed Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen Donor Atoms: Photophysics, Photochemistry, and Applications (2013)

A healthy glow: A series of palladium(II) complexes with tetradentate O N C N ligands (see structure) exhibit intense green phosphorescence and long-lived excited states with emission quantum yields and lifetimes up to 22 % and 122 μs, respectively. The complexes show potential as novel functional materials, with promising results in a variety of applications, such as oxygen sensing, photocatalysis, and organic light-emitting diodes. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An End-to-End Network for Panoptic Segmentation (2019)

Panoptic segmentation, which needs to assign a category label to each pixel and segment each object instance simultaneously, is a challenging topic. Traditionally, the existing approaches utilize two independent models without sharing features, which makes the pipeline inefficient to implement. In addition, a heuristic method is usually employed to merge the results. However, the overlapping relationship between object instances is difficult to determine without sufficient context information during the merging process. To address the problems, we propose a novel end-to-end network for panoptic segmentation, which can efficiently and effectively predict both the instance and stuff segmentation in a single network. Moreover, we introduce a novel spatial ranking module to deal with the occlusion problem between the predicted instances. Extensive experiments have been done to validate the performance of our proposed method and promising results have been achieved on the COCO Panoptic benchmark.
Legionella Pneumonia in the United States: The Distribution of Serogroups and Species Causing Human Illness (1984)

Journal Article Legionella Pneumonia in the United States: The Distribution of Serogroups and Species Causing Human Illness Get access Arthur L. Reingold, Arthur L. Reingold Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berenice M. Thomason, Berenice M. Thomason Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bonnie J. Brake, Bonnie J. Brake Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lanier Thacker, Lanier Thacker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hazel W. Wilkinson, Hazel W. Wilkinson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joel N. Kuritsky Joel N. Kuritsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 149, Issue 5, May 1984, Page 819, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/149.5.819 Published: 01 May 1984
Fludarabine-mediated suppression of the excision repair enzyme ERCC1 contributes to the cytotoxic synergy with the DNA minor groove crosslinking agent SJG-136 (NSC 694501) in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells (2007)

In this study, we set out to establish whether fludarabine could enhance the DNA interstrand crosslinking capacity of SJG-136 in primary human chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells and thereby offer a rationale for its clinical use in combination with SJG-136. SJG-136 rapidly induced DNA crosslinking in primary CLL cells which was concentration-dependent. Further, the level of crosslinking correlated with sensitivity to SJG-136-induced apoptosis (P=0.001) and higher levels of crosslinking were induced by the combination of SJG-136 and fludarabine (P=0.002). All of the samples tested (n=40) demonstrated synergy between SJG-136 and fludarabine (mean combination index (CI)=0.54+/-0.2) and this was even retained in samples derived from patients with fludarabine resistance (mean CI=0.62+/-0.3). Transcription of the excision repair enzyme, ERCC1, was consistently increased (20/20) in response to SJG-136 (P<0.0001). In contrast, fludarabine suppressed ERCC1 transcription (P=0.04) and inhibited SJG-136-induced ERCC1 transcription when used in combination (P=0.001). Importantly, the ability of fludarabine to suppress ERCC1 transcription correlated with the degree of synergy observed between SJG-136 and fludarabine (r(2)=0.28; P=0.017) offering a mechanistic rationale for the synergistic interaction. The data presented here provides a clear indication that this combination of drugs may have clinical utility as salvage therapy in drug-resistant CLL.
The realm of microbial lipases in biotechnology (1999)

In this review, a comprehensive and illustrious survey is made of the applied aspects of microbial lipases in modern biotechnological practices. Lipases are the most versatile biocatalyst and bring about a range of bioconversion reactions such as hydrolysis, interesterification, esterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. After a brief description of the microbial sources of lipases, the pivotal role of lipases in the processes and products of the food and flavourings industry is illustrated. An illustration is presented of biomedical applications. The panorama of lipases in the manufacture of fine chemicals is depicted with special emphasis on pharmaceuticals, pesticides, cosmetics, biosensors and detergents. Widening applications such as those in waste management and improved tanning techniques are other novel aspects of lipase utilization that are discussed in this review.
Lithium-Ion Batteries (2004)

SEI on Lithium, Graphite, Disordered Carbons and Tin-Based Alloys (E Peled & D Golodnitsky) Identification of Surface Films on Electrodes in Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions: Spectroscopic, Electronic and Morphological Studies (D Aurbach & Y S Cohen) Spectroscopy Studies of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on Positive and Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (Z-X Wang et al.) Scanning Probe Microscopy Analysis of the SEI Formation on Graphite Anodes (M Inaba & Z Ogumi) Theoretical Insights into the SEI Components and Formation Mechanism: Density Functional Theory Studies (Y-X Wang & P B Balbuena) Continuum and Statistical Mechanics-Based Models for Solid-Electrolyte Interphases in Lithium-Ion Batteries (H J Ploehn et al.) Development of New Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries and Their SEI Characterization by Raman and NEXAFS Spectroscopy (G Sandi) The Cathode-Electrolyte Interface in a Li-Ion Battery (K Edstrom et al.) Theoretical Studies on the Structure, Association of Solvent, and Solvation of Li Ion: Implications to SEI Layer Phenomena (Y-X Wang & P B Balbuena).
Central role of domain wall depinning for perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin torque from the spin Hall effect (2014)

We study deterministic magnetic reversal of a perpendicularly magnetized Co layer in a Co/MgO/Ta nanosquare driven by spin Hall torque from an in-plane current flowing in an underlying Pt layer. The rate-limiting step of the switching process is domain wall (DW) depinning by spin Hall torque via a thermally assisted mechanism that eventually produces full reversal by domain expansion. An in-plane applied magnetic field collinear with the current is required, with the necessary field scale set by the need to overcome DW chirality imposed by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Once Joule heating is taken into account the switching current density is quantitatively consistent with a spin Hall angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{SH}\ensuremath{\approx}0.07$ for 4 nm of Pt.
Autophagy: process and function (2007)

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that delivers cytoplasmic constituents to the lysosome. Despite its simplicity, recent progress has demonstrated that autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles, which are sometimes complex. Autophagy consists of several sequential steps--sequestration, transport to lysosomes, degradation, and utilization of degradation products--and each step may exert different function. In this review, the process of autophagy is summarized, and the role of autophagy is discussed in a process-based manner.
The CML-Specific P210 bcr / abl Protein, Unlike v- abl , Does Not Transform NIH/3T3 Fibroblasts (1987)

The v-abl oncogene of the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is known to efficiently transform NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and to cause an acute lymphosarcoma in susceptible murine hosts. The role of its relative, the bcr/abl gene product, in the etiology of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) remains speculative. To assess the transforming properties of the bcr/abl gene product, complementary DNA clones encoding the CML-specific P210 bcr/abl protein were expressed in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. In contrast to the v-abl oncogene product P160, the P210 bcr/abl gene product did not transform NIH/3T3 cells. Cell lines were isolated that expressed high levels of the P210 bcr/abl protein but were morphologically normal. During the course of these experiments, a transforming recombinant of bcr/abl was isolated which fuses gag determinants derived from helper virus to the NH2-terminus of the bcr/abl protein. This suggests that a property of viral gag sequences, probably myristylation-dependent membrane localization, must be provided to bcr/abl for it to transform fibroblasts.
High toxic efficiency of ricin immunotoxins specific for the t‐cell antigen receptor of a human leukemia t‐cell line (1989)

Immunotoxins (ITs) were prepared by covalently coupling ricin to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against: (a) 2 different epitopes of the T-cell receptor (TcR) expressed by the Jurkat leukemia T-cell line (JTi2 and JTi4 MAb), (b) 2 epitopes of the CD3 complex (SpV-T3b and 11D8 MAb), (c) the CD2 and the CD8 cell-surface molecules. Conjugates were assayed for their cytotoxic activity by pre-incubating the Jurkat cell line with different concentrations (10-250 ng/ml) of each IT for 2 hr at 37 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M lactose. After washing, cells were cultured for 24 hr and their protein synthesis and proliferative capacities were assessed. Dose-response experiments indicated that JTi2, JTi4 and anti-CD3 (11D8) ITs inhibited by greater than 90% the cell line proliferation at 50 ng/ml, a 5-fold lower concentration than that required to achieve a similar effect when anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 (SpVT3b) were used. After 4 hr of culture subsequent to treatment with JTi2 or JTi4 ITs (250 ng/ml), protein synthesis was inhibited (greater than 80%). By limiting dilution analysis (LDA) we estimated that the frequency of proliferating Jurkat cells (1/1.5) was reduced to 1/20, 1/460 and 1/300 after treatment with anti-CD3 (SpVT3b), JTi4 and JTi2 ITs, respectively. Phenotypic analysis of 13 clones derived from JTi2 IT-treated Jurkat cells showed that 50% were CD7+ CD3- JTi- variants. When bone-marrow mononuclear cells, previously mixed with low concentrations of Jurkat cells, were treated with anti-JTi ITs, the toxic efficiency estimated by LDA was maintained whereas the growth of CFU-GM remained unaltered.
Receptor Specificity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family (1996)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are essential molecules for mammalian development. The nine known FGF ligands and the four signaling FGF receptors (and their alternatively spliced variants) are expressed in specific spatial and temporal patterns. The activity of this signaling pathway is regulated by ligand binding specificity, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and the differential signaling capacity of individual FGF receptors. To determine potentially relevant ligand-receptor pairs we have engineered mitogenically responsive cell lines expressing the major splice variants of all the known FGF receptors. We have assayed the mitogenic activity of the nine known FGF ligands on these cell lines. These studies demonstrate that FGF 1 is the only FGF that can activate all FGF receptor splice variants. Using FGF 1 as an internal standard we have determined the relative activity of all the other members of the FGF family. These data should serve as a biochemical foundation for determining developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes that involve FGF signaling pathways.
Diosmetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is a type of malignant tumor, is the fifth most common cancer in men and ninth in women worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effect of diosmetin (DIOS) in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy rates of HepG2 cells were measured following treatment with DIOS. The effects of DIOS treatment on HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis rates were analyzed using MTT assays and Annexin V staining, respectively. The effect of DIOS treatment on autophagy levels was assessed using transmission electron microscopy, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) transfection and LysoTracker Red staining. Furthermore, bafilomycin A1 (BA1), an autophagy inhibitor, was used to assess the association between DIOS and cell autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the expression of autophagy-related proteins [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, P70S6K, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt] and apoptosis-related proteins [B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein, Bak, p53, Bcl-2 and caspase-3] were analyzed by western blotting. The results revealed that DIOS significantly inhibited proliferation (P<0.01) and induced apoptosis (P<0.001) in HepG2 cells. It was also demonstrated that DIOS triggered autophagy by regulating the mTOR pathway in HepG2 cells. Notably, following treatment of HepG2 cells with the autophagy inhibitor, BA1, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bax, Bak and p53, were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and cell viability was recovered to a certain extent. In conclusion, DIOS inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via regulation of the mTOR pathway. Thus, the results of the current study indicate that DIOS may present a potential therapeutic agent for HCC treatment.
Pbx homeodomain proteins direct Myod activity to promote fast-muscle differentiation (2007)

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Myod directly regulates gene expression throughout the program of skeletal muscle differentiation. It is not known how a Myod-driven myogenic program is modulated to achieve muscle fiber-type-specific gene expression. Pbx homeodomain proteins mark promoters of a subset of Myod target genes, including myogenin (Myog); thus, Pbx proteins might modulate the program of myogenesis driven by Myod. By inhibiting Pbx function in zebrafish embryos, we show that Pbx proteins are required in order for Myod to induce the expression of a subset of muscle genes in the somites. In the absence of Pbx function, expression of myog and of fast-muscle genes is inhibited, whereas slow-muscle gene expression appears normal. By knocking down Pbx or Myod function in combination with another bHLH myogenic factor, Myf5, we show that Pbx is required for Myod to regulate fast-muscle, but not slow-muscle, development. Furthermore, we show that Sonic hedgehog requires Myod in order to induce both fast- and slow-muscle markers but requires Pbx only to induce fast-muscle markers. Our results reveal that Pbx proteins modulate Myod activity to drive fast-muscle gene expression, thus showing that homeodomain proteins can direct bHLH proteins to establish a specific cell-type identity.
BCL11A: a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human diseases (2019)

Transcription factor B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) gene encodes a zinc-finger protein that is predominantly expressed in brain and hematopoietic tissue. BCL11A functions mainly as a transcriptional repressor that is crucial in brain, hematopoietic system development, as well as fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching. The expression of this gene is regulated by microRNAs, transcription factors and genetic variations. A number of studies have recently shown that BCL11A is involved in β-hemoglobinopathies, hematological malignancies, malignant solid tumors, 2p15-p16.1 microdeletion syndrome, and Type II diabetes. It has been suggested that BCL11A may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for some diseases. In this review, we summarize the current research state of BCL11A, including its biochemistry, expression, regulation, function, and its possible clinical application in human diseases.