gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells (2015)

Colloidal quantum dot research has led to significant advances in synthesis methods, in material and film processing techniques, and in characterization and optimization of optoelectronic properties. Studies of novel passivation strategies, including new or hybrid ligand systems, surface engineering, core/shell strategies, and self-healing surfaces, will reduce trap states, improve carrier transport, and reduce the extent of energy level pinning. Another route to improved electronic transport in quantum dot films will rely on densifying nanocrystal films through improved packing and, ideally ordering. Such films will eliminate diversity in path length and thus tortuosity in charge transport through the device. Significant studies have been performed on the electron-transporting component yet as the optoelectronic quality of the quantum dot solid improves, even greater enhancements will be required in both the electron- and hole-accepting layers to ensure optimal performance. Research will need to adjust existing systems or apply novel material solutions, while intensely studying the interfaces between the quantum dot film and electrodes to eliminate any potential losses. Finally, as single-junction quantum dot solar cells advance and improve, a renewed focus will be placed on multiple-junction integration, with the goal of creating high-efficiency devices through improved spectral utilization and minimal loss associated with photocarrier thermalization.
Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes. (1993)

Nitric oxide is a short-lived biologic mediator for diverse cell types. Synthesis of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in murine macrophages is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma. In human hepatocytes, NOS activity is induced by treatment with a combination of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, interferon gamma, and LPS. We now report the molecular cloning and expression of an inducible human hepatocyte NOS (hep-NOS) cDNA. hep-NOS has 80% amino acid sequence homology to macrophage NOS (mac-NOS). Like other NOS isoforms, recognition sites for FMN, FAD, and NADPH are present, as well as a consensus calmodulin binding site. NOS activity in human 293 kidney cells transfected with hep-NOS cDNA is diminished by Ca2+ chelation and a calmodulin antagonist, reflecting a Ca2+ dependence not evident for mac-NOS. Northern blot analysis with hep-NOS cDNA reveals a 4.5-kb mRNA in both human hepatocytes and aortic smooth muscle cells following stimulation with LPS and cytokines. Human genomic Southern blots probed with human hep-NOS and human endothelial NOS cDNA clones display different genomic restriction enzyme fragments, suggesting distinct gene products for these NOS isoforms. hep-NOS appears to be an inducible form of NOS that is distinct from mac-NOS as well as brain and endothelial NOS isozymes.
A high switching frequency IGBT PWM rectifier/inverter system for AC motor drives operating from single phase supply (1991)

A pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier/inverter system using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), capable of switching at 20 kHz is reported. The base drive circuit for the IGBT, incorporating short-circuit protection, is presented. The inverter uses an Undeland snubber together with a simple energy recovery circuit, which ensures reliable and efficient operation even for 20 kHz switching. The front end for the system is a regenerative single phase full bridge IGBT inverter along with an AC reactor. Steady-state design considerations are explained, and control techniques for unity power factor operation and fast current control of the front end power converter, in a rotating as well as a stationary reference frame, are discussed and compared. Results from computer simulations and experimental results for a 1.5 kW prototype system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in cultured Leydig tumor cells by a cholesterol-linked phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to diazepam-binding inhibitor. (1993)

The polypeptide diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) has been previously shown to stimulate testicular Leydig, adrenocortical, and glial-cell mitochondrial steroidogenesis in vitro. To assess the in situ role of DBI in trophic hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis, we suppressed DBI levels in the hormone-responsive MA-10 Leydig tumor cells, using a cholesterol-linked phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (Chol-odN) antisense to DBI. Treating MA-10 cells with Chol-odN antisense to DBI resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of DBI levels (ED50 = 1 microM). In contrast, Chol-odN sense to DBI did not affect its expression. Saturating amounts of human choriogonadotropin (hCG) increased MA-10 progesterone production by 150-fold. Addition of increased concentrations of Chol-odNs sense to DBI or of a nonrelated sequence did not reduce the MA-10 response to hCG. However, in the presence of Chol-odN antisense to DBI that could reduce DBI levels, MA-10 cells lost their ability to respond to hCG (ED50 = 1 microM). In these studies the hCG-stimulated cAMP levels and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage activity, as measured by metabolism of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, were not affected by the Chol-odNs used. These observations provide unequivocal evidence that DBI plays a vital role in the acute stimulation of steroidogenesis by trophic hormones.
Concentration of Force (1997)

concentration of force, or ‘mass’ as it is titled by the United States Services, is one of the principles of war enthusiastically grasped by the military officer when learning his profession. Together with offensive action, surprise and flexibility, concentration of force appeals as a dynamic expression of the military art. He can visualise these principles being used and exploited on the field of battle — be it on land, at sea or in the air. On further reflection he will note that concentration of force, applied successfully, will embrace most of the other principles he has been studying. It could not be achieved without doing so, as the following considerations suggest.
ConteXt of change—X inactivation and disease (2009)

Epigenetic regulation is important for stable maintenance of cell identity. For continued function of organs and tissues, illegitimate changes in cell identity must be avoided. Failure to do so can trigger tumour development and disease. How epigenetic patterns are established during cell differentiation has been explored by studying model systems such as X inactivation. Mammals balance the X-linked gene dosage between the sexes by silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in females. This is initiated by expression of the non-coding X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) RNA and depends on specific cellular contexts, in which essential silencing factors are expressed. Normally X inactivation is initiated in early embryogenesis, but recent reports identified instances where Xist is expressed and can initiate gene repression. Here we describe the features that characterize the cellular permissivity to initiation of X inactivation and note that these can also occur in cancer cells and in specific haematopoietic progenitors. We propose that embryonic pathways for epigenetic regulation are re-established in adult progenitor cells and tumour cells. Understanding their reactivation will deepen our understanding of tumourigenesis and may be exploited for cancer therapy.
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes of terdentate ligands (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleElectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes of terdentate ligandsC. Arana, S. Yan, M. Keshavarz-K., K. T. Potts, and H. D. AbrunaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 17, 3680–3682Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00043a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00043a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2281Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nitric oxide and the angiogenic response: can we improve the results of therapeutic angiogenesis? (2005)

Therapeutic angiogenesis has yielded promising results in animal models, including the demonstration of newly created blood vessels, increased perfusion and functional benefits. On the other hand, clinical studies using similar methods of angiogenesis have so far been disappointing. The possibility that endothelial dysfunction may play a role in this bench-to-bedside discrepancy has led to further research on the role of endothelial-derived mediators in the angiogenic cascade. One of these mediators is nitric oxide (NO), which plays an integral role in the development and maintenance of a microvascular network and whose local availability is altered in endothelial dysfunction. This article outlines the role of NO in the angiogenic response and discusses possible therapeutic options to optimise endothelial dysfunction and NO availability in patients undergoing angiogenic therapy.
Simple and Effective Approaches to Coumestans and Azacoumestans (1993)

Coumestans and its mono- and diaza-analogs (1-4), which possess potential estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities, can be synthesized easily in excellent yields (60-95%) by the following four methods, starting either from 4-hydroxy 3-arylcoumarins and -quinolones (16) (or from 4-amino derivatives (19)) by catalytic dehydrogenation or reacting 3-hydroxy-3-arylquinoline-2,4-diones (21) by acid-catalyzed dehydration. Phenyl ethers (25) cyclize by catalytic or photochemical dehydrohalogenation to give 1 or 2. Another way is the thermal or photochemical decomposition of 4-azido-3-aryl derivatives (28) to the azacoumestans (3-4)
Transfection of Dendritic Cells with RNA Induces CD4- and CD8-Mediated T Cell Immunity Against Breast Carcinomas and Reveals the Immunodominance of Presented T Cell Epitopes (2003)

Transfection of dendritic cells (DC) with tumor-derived RNA has recently been shown to elicit tumor-specific CTL capable of recognizing and lysing a variety of tumor cells. In our study we analyzed the induction of HLA class I- and II-restricted T cell responses against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using this approach we were able to elicit CD4- and CD8-mediated antitumor responses. The CTL specifically lysed MCF-7 cells and DC electroporated with MCF-7 RNA, but spared control cell lines. The specificity of the cytotoxic activity was confirmed in cold target inhibition assays and using mAbs blocking HLA class I molecules. Interestingly, these polyclonal cytotoxic T cells recognized selectively two epitopes derived from the MUC1 and Her-2/neu tumor Ags. The induced Th cells were found to be entirely HLA class II restricted and showed a significant cross-reactivity to a renal cell carcinoma cell line, similar to the results obtained with cytotoxic T cells.
HISTOLOGICAL CHRONIC ALLOGRAFT DAMAGE INDEX ACCURATELY PREDICTS CHRONIC RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1994)

Chronic rejection has emerged as a major problem in renal transplantation, and clinical trials for prophylaxis and therapy are underway. Use of graft and patient survival as endpoints in prophylactic studies requires long follow-ups to read the endpoint. There is also an obvious need for a starting point for intervention studies. Previously, we formed a histological chronic allograft damage index (CADI), based on numerical scoring of histological alterations compatible with chronic rejection. Using protocol core needle biopsies of 89 functioning grafts 2 years after transplantation and a follow-up of 6 years, we demonstrate now that (a) the CADI at 2 years correlates significantly (r=0.717, P=0.0001) with transplant function at 6 years, and (b) that the CADI at 2 years reliably (P=0.001) predicts the patients who will proceed to clinical chronic rejection later. As protocol core biopsy is an early predictive parameter for chronic rejection, our results suggest that a protocol core biopsy (at 2 years or possibly even earlier) should be included in all clinical investigative protocols dealing with chronic renal allograft rejection.
Biodegradable Quantum Dot Nanocomposites Enable Live Cell Labeling and Imaging of Cytoplasmic Targets (2008)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer great promise as the new generation of fluorescent probes to image and study biological processes. Despite their superior optical properties, QDs for live cell monitoring and tracking of cytoplasmic processes remain limited due to inefficient delivery methods available, altered state or function of cells during the delivery process and the requirement of surface-functionalized QDs for specific labeling of subcellular structures. Here, we present a noninvasive method to image subcellular structures in live cells using bioconjugated QD nanocomposites. By incorporating antibody-coated QDs within biodegradable polymeric nanospheres, we have designed a bioresponsive delivery system that undergoes endolysosomal to cytosolic translocation via pH-dependent reversal of nanocomposite surface charge polarity. Upon entering the cytosol, the polymer nanospheres undergo hydrolysis thus releasing the QD bioconjugates. This approach facilitates multiplexed labeling of subcellular structures inside live cells without the requirement of cell fixation or membrane permeabilization. As compared to conventional intracellular delivery techniques, this approach allows the high throughput cytoplasmic delivery of QDs with minimal toxicity to the cell. More importantly, this development demonstrates an important rational strategy for the design of a multifunctional nanosystem for biological applications.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2006)

NTM infections tended to develop in SLE patients later in their disease course than MTB infections. A high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis.
Upregulation of Rac GTPase-Activating Protein 1 Is Significantly Associated with the Early Recurrence of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

siRNA-silencing RACGAP1 mainly targeted genes in an interactome clinically relevant to early HCC recurrence. Besides being an independent informative prognostic biomarker, RACGAP1 could also be a potential molecular target for designing therapeutic strategies for HCC.
Ion Beam Sputter Deposition of Low Work Function and GMR Materials (1999)

"Ion beam Sputter deposition (IBSD) has been under development for a number of years due to the flexibility it provides in the deposition of novel thin film materials. One of the unique characteristics of IBSD is the ability to deposit multicomponent or multilayered materials using a multi-target single ion gun scheme. This is accomplished by sequentially positioning selected targets, which are mounted on a multi-target wheel, in front of the ion gun. Alternating layers as thin as 10 Angstroms have been deposited using this approach. When the deposition is done in a reactive environment compound materials are produced. The use of IBSD for the deposition of low work function compounds and multilayered metals which exhibit giant magnetoresistance will be described. The characterization of these materials will be discussed."
Mcl-1: the 1 in CLL (2008)

Although Mcl-1 has been established as a survival and maintenance protein during in vitro incubations of primary CLL cells, in this issue of Blood, Pepper and colleagues further demonstrate the association of Mcl-1 with other prognostic factors and the role of this antiapoptotic protein in disease progression and outcome for patients with CLL.
The constitution and properties of two gastrins extracted from hog antral mucosa (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper is the culmination of many years' work on the detection, isolation, physiological study, and now, large-scale production of gastrin. The final product has been identified as two almost identical peptides (gastrins I and II). Both are many times more potent than histamine in stimulating gastric acid secretion. Secretion may be inhibited if the dose administered is large. This duplex effect (stimulation in low concentration, inhibition in high concentration) has other pharmacological parallels such as the effect of nicotine on ganglionic transmission. This very important paper is likely to have many repercussions in clinical practice.
Periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide sum-frequency generator for efficient single-photon detection at communication wavelengths (2004)

We present a device to facilitate single-photon detection at communication wavelengths based on continuous-wave sum-frequency generation with an upconversion efficiency exceeding 90%. Sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is used to upconvert signal photons to the near infrared, where detection can be performed efficiently by use of silicon avalanche photodiodes.
Systemic Consequences of Ventricular Assist Devices: Alterations of Coagulation, Immune Function, Inflammation, and the Neuroendocrine System (2002)

Implantable ventricular assist devices have proven efficacious as a bridge to transplantation and as a bridge to recovery. Although current indications for use of assist devices are somewhat limited, they are likely to expand in the upcoming years, including their use as destination therapy for end-stage heart failure. Recipients of assist devices, however, are prone to certain device-specific complications, including excessive postoperative bleeding, late propensity for thromboembolism, infections, and systemic inflammation, which may contribute to end-organ dysfunction. This article reviews the systemic biochemical alterations underlying these clinical phenomena. As assist devices are increasingly used, better understanding of these systemic perturbations is imperative.
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of a Factor VIII ConcentrateHeat-Treated to Inactivate HTLV-III/LAV Viruses (1987)

We report here the results of our evaluation of the effects of a dry heat treatment (96 h at 68 °C) to eliminate LAV/HTLV-III virus on factor Vili (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) present in an intermediatepurity concentrate. This thermal inactivation appears to have little effect on FVIII. There is an acceptable loss (12.3 ± 3.6%; n = 25) in FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII: C) and a good in vivo performance in haemophilia A patients. A precise analysis of vWf indicates that whereas the vWf antigen and its ristocetin cofactor activity decrease during heating, there is an increase in potentially functional forms of vWf. Heat treatment induces an increase in high molecular weight forms of vWf and an enhancement in platelet adhesion to collagen. These changes probably explain the correcting effect on the bleeding time of the heated FVIII concentrate in patients with von Willebrand’s disease. Thus, this heat-treated concentrate appears to be equivalent to the untreated product in haemophilia A. with the additional benefit of being efficient for the treatment of von Willebrand’s disease.
Towards a prototype development for construction material procurement using SharePoint (2013)

One of the main problematical operational issues in construction projects is the co-ordination of building materials to arrive on site at the right time, in the right quantities, and at an acceptable quality level. The number and details of the steps involved in the material lifecycle indicate the complex nature of the process and the potential for problems in the process for even a relatively small project. This heightens the need for more flexible and sophisticated project management tools to support collaborative geographically dispersed participants in the simultaneous planning and scheduling of tasks, and their execution, and they must highlight the critical technical and business risks that challenge successful material procurement. This work illustrates the use of a SharePoint environment to tackle problems in the interesting field of material supply chain, from the point of view that collaborative working is necessary in the materials supply chain environment. Hence, it justifies the use of techniques such as Just-In-Time decision support for material procurement processes. This paper is based on a case study which describes and discusses current and future approaches to material procurement, which can enhance the project team’s activities. Ultimately, improvements in material procurement as a result of effective and efficient communication and document management approach can reduce construction times, information overload, and costs.
Screening of efficient polymers for siRNA delivery in a library of hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines (2016)

RNA interference has significant potential as an important tool in biology and medicine. For the development of highly efficient non-viral siRNA carriers, hydrophobic modification on cationic polymers has received increasing attention. Here, we described the screening of efficient siRNA carriers in a library of hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines (PEIs). Cationic PEI was grafted with hydrophobic ligands including alkanes, cycloalkanes and fluoroalkanes. These modifications significantly improved the gene knockdown efficacy of PEI. Among the functionalized polymers, the fluoroalkylated PEIs showed higher efficacies and lower toxicities than the alkylated and cycloalkylated ones. The top performing polymers in the library efficiently knocked down several target genes in different cell lines without off-target effects. The revealed structure-activity relationships of alkylated, cycloalkylated and fluoroalkylated PEIs in this study provide a new insight into the design of highly efficient and non-toxic siRNA carriers.