gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LAGE-1, a new gene with tumor specificity (1998)

Representational difference analysis was used to identify genes that are expressed in a human melanoma cell line and not in normal skin. A cDNA clone that appeared to be specific for tumors was obtained and the corresponding gene was sequenced. This new gene was named LAGE-1. Using a LAGE-1 probe to screen a cDNA library from the same melanoma cell line, we identified a closely related gene, which proved to be identical to NY-ESO-1, a gene recently reported to code for an antigen recognized by autologous antibodies in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene LAGE-1 maps to Xq28. It comprises 3 exons. Alternative splicing produces 2 major transcripts encoding polypeptides of 210 and 180 residues, respectively. Expression of LAGE-1 was observed in 25–50% of tumor samples of melanomas, non-small-cell lung carcinomas, bladder, prostate and head and neck cancers. The only normal tissue that expressed the gene was testis. As for MAGE-A1, expression of LAGE-1 is induced by deoxy-azacytidine in lymphoblastoid cells, suggesting that tumoral expression is due to demethylation. The expression of LAGE-1 is strongly correlated with that of NY-ESO-1. It is also clearly correlated with the expression of MAGE genes. Int. J. Cancer 76:903–908, 1998.© 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Small molecule modulation of Smoothened activity (2002)

Smoothened (Smo), a distant relative of G protein-coupled receptors, mediates Hedgehog (Hh) signaling during embryonic development and can initiate or transmit ligand-independent pathway activation in tumorigenesis. Although the cellular mechanisms that regulate Smo function remain unclear, the direct inhibition of Smo by cyclopamine, a plant-derived steroidal alkaloid, suggests that endogenous small molecules may be involved. Here we demonstrate that SAG, a chlorobenzothiophene-containing Hh pathway agonist, binds to the Smo heptahelical bundle in a manner that antagonizes cyclopamine action. In addition, we have identified four small molecules that directly inhibit Smo activity but are structurally distinct from cyclopamine. Functional and biochemical studies of these compounds provide evidence for the small molecule modulation of Smo through multiple mechanisms and yield insights into the physiological regulation of Smo activity. The mechanistic differences between the Smo antagonists may be useful in the therapeutic manipulation of Hh signaling.
Solar Cell Characteristics of High-Efficiency Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using SOG-Cast Wafers (1987)

Very-high-efficiency large-area SOG-cast silicon cells with over 14% efficiency were fabricated and analyzed in order to identify efficiency loss mechanisms. A number of small-area mini-cells were fabricated from the 10×10 cm 2 cell, and their illuminated and dark J - V characteristics were investigated as a function of position, including the grain boundaries. The effect of the grain boundary on the J - V characteristics was quantitatively determined using the mini-cell technique. Also, a possibility of obtaining large-area SOG silicon cells with over 16% efficiency was indicated after the investigation of the spatial homogeneity.
Genotyping microarray (gene chip) for theABCR(ABCA4) gene (2003)

Genetic variation in the ABCR (ABCA4) gene has been associated with five distinct retinal phenotypes, including Stargardt disease/fundus flavimaculatus (STGD/FFM), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Comparative genetic analyses of ABCR variation and diagnostics have been complicated by substantial allelic heterogeneity and by differences in screening methods. To overcome these limitations, we designed a genotyping microarray (gene chip) for ABCR that includes all approximately 400 disease-associated and other variants currently described, enabling simultaneous detection of all known ABCR variants. The ABCR genotyping microarray (the ABCR400 chip) was constructed by the arrayed primer extension (APEX) technology. Each sequence change in ABCR was included on the chip by synthesis and application of sequence-specific oligonucleotides. We validated the chip by screening 136 confirmed STGD patients and 96 healthy controls, each of whom we had analyzed previously by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technology and/or heteroduplex analysis. The microarray was >98% effective in determining the existing genetic variation and was comparable to direct sequencing in that it yielded many sequence changes undetected by SSCP. In STGD patient cohorts, the efficiency of the array to detect disease-associated alleles was between 54% and 78%, depending on the ethnic composition and degree of clinical and molecular characterization of a cohort. In addition, chip analysis suggested a high carrier frequency (up to 1:10) of ABCR variants in the general population. The ABCR genotyping microarray is a robust, cost-effective, and comprehensive screening tool for variation in one gene in which mutations are responsible for a substantial fraction of retinal disease. The ABCR chip is a prototype for the next generation of screening and diagnostic tools in ophthalmic genetics, bridging clinical and scientific research.
Attachment of Influenza A Virus to Ferret Tracheal Epithelium at Different Maturational Stages (1991)

Influenza virus attaches primarily to ciliated cells in mature airways epithelium. This process is mediated by a viral envelope glycoprotein (hemagglutinin) that binds to sialic acid-containing receptors in the apical membrane of host cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular distribution of these receptors as a function of tracheal epithelial maturation in the ferret, which is susceptible to influenza virus infection at all ages and undergoes postnatal ciliation. To assay for virus attachment, tracheal strips from ferrets at ages 0, 7, 14, and 28 d were incubated at 4 degrees C for 1 h with a concentrated suspension of influenza A virus. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated virus attachment to the apical surface of 77 to 87% of ciliated cells, but only to 1 to 9% of nonciliated surface epithelial cells at all ages, including the newborn, which has few ciliated cells (less than 10% of total cells). Virions also attached to most of the preciliated cells identified. Pretreatment of tracheal strips with neuraminidase virtually eliminated viral attachment. These findings demonstrate preferential influenza virus binding to sialylated receptors on ciliated cells and their immediate precursors. The sparsity of ciliated cells with no evidence for increased influenza virus binding per cell in newborn ferret tracheas suggests that the previously demonstrated high risk of death from influenza infection in newborn ferrets is due to factors other than increased susceptibility to virus attachment. Influenza virus receptors appear to be selective membrane markers for ciliated cells and may be particularly useful for the identification of preciliated cells.
The rediscovery of the lymphatic system: old and new insights into the development and biological function of the lymphatic vasculature (2002)

The lymphatic system is composed of a vascular network of thin-walled capillaries that drain protein-rich lymph from the extracellular spaces within most organs. A continuous single-cell layer of overlapping endothelial cells lines the lymphatic capillaries, which lack a continuous basement membrane and are, therefore, highly permeable. Lymph returns to venous circulation via the larger lymphatic collecting vessels, which contain a muscular and adventitial layer, and the thoracic duct. The lymphatic system also includes lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, spleen, and thymus, all of which play an important role in the immune response. The lymphatic system develops in parallel with the blood vascular system through a process known as lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic vessels are not normally present in avascular structures such as epidermis, hair, nails, cartilage, and cornea, nor in some vascularized organs such as brain and retina. Although studies of normal development and pathologic growth of the blood vascular system have thoroughly elucidated the molecular mechanisms that control these angiogenic processes (Gale and Yancopoulos 1999), studies of the lymphatic system have been hindered by the lack of specific lymphatic markers and growth factors. Consequently, our understanding of the development and function of the lymphatic system and its role in disease is still emerging. Recently, the discovery of molecules that specifically control lymphatic development and lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and the identification of new lymphatic endothelium-specific markers (Breiteneder-Geleff et al. 1999; Wigle and Oliver 1999; Jackson et al. 2001; Sleeman et al. 2001; Veikkola et al. 2001) have facilitated key scientific advances and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control lymphatic development and function. These findings include the identification of specific genetic defects in certain hereditary diseases that are associated with lymphatic hypoplasia and dysfunction (i.e., lymphedemas; Milroy 1892; Meige 1898), and evidence that malignant tumors can directly activate lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis (Karpanen et al. 2001; Mandriota et al. 2001; Skobe et al. 2001a; Stacker et al. 2001).
Exercise increases insulin clearance in healthy man and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus patients (1997)

Exercise is known to decrease insulin secretion, but the effect on insulin clearance is unclear. We examined the effect of exercise in insulin clearance with euglycaemic insulin clamp in 28 healthy men either 12 h after a marathon run (n = 14) or 44 h after a 2-h treadmill exercise (n = 14), and in seven insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients 12 h after a marathon run, and after a resting, control day. During the post-exercise insulin infusion, steady-state plasma insulin concentration was reduced by 9% in healthy men after both types of exercise, and by 16% in the diabetic subjects compared with the control study (P < 0.05 in all). In healthy men, C-peptide concentrations were more than one-third lower during insulin infusion, both after the marathon run (P < 0.001) or treadmill exercise (P < 0.02) compared with the control study. Insulin clearance was significantly increased by exercise both in healthy men (9% P < 0.05) and in IDDM subjects (15%, P < 0.05). After exercise, endogenous insulin secretion in healthy men is reduced and insulin clearance is enhanced both in healthy men and in IDDM patients. Decreased insulin availability may allow enhanced muscle lipid utilization and spare glucose after long-term exercise.
Planning for personal health services. (1973)

A Markovian planning model is presented. It takes into account the dynamics of the health services system and allows health planners flexibility in a continuously changing environment. Analysis of the Markovian model leads to its three applications: 1) prediction, i.e., determining future requirements for manpower and resources for any population defined in terms of desired or specified demographic and/or epidemiologic characteristics; 2) simulation, i.e., analysis of changes in the health services system and/or in demographic and/or epidemiologic variables and the repercussions of these changes on present and future resources; 3) goal seeking, i.e., the design of several alternative strategies of reaching, in a given time period, specified utilization patterns or organizational arrangements, and the choice of the best alternative according to defined constraints such as cost or minimum changes in current resources, etc. The three applications of the model have been used in different situations. Empirical data from diverse sources has been used. Within the conceptual framework of the model the levels of care and the composition of population groups can be changed to meet desired criteria.
Translational enhancement of FGF-2 by eIF-4 factors, and alternate utilization of CUG and AUG codons for translation initiation. (1995)

The FGF-2 mRNA of most mammals contains a long and inhibitory 5' UTR in addition to at least two CUG codons upstream and in frame with the AUG start codon. These CUGs are used for translation initiation to generate several polypeptides. Cells overexpressing the translation initiation factor 4E produce and secrete large amounts of FGF-2, and particularly the largest, CUG1-initiated form. Overexpression of FGF-2 is due to a translational enhancement of its mRNA, as indicated by its association with large polyribosomes in contrast to control cells, where it partitions mostly in fractions lighter than 80 S or small polyribosomes. Breast carcinomas expressing elevated eIF-4E also exhibited the large FGF-2 isoforms, which could play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. Translation of in vitro transcribed rat FGF-2 in reticulocyte lysates resulted in synthesis of four polypeptides, of similar size to those observed in vivo. Addition of purified eIF-4F preferentially increased translation of CUG1- and AUG-initiated isoforms. Since the different isoforms of FGF-2 may have different roles and intracellular distribution, the effects of the eIF-4 factors on FGF-2 expression could be important for the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.
Operation of a sixteenth harmonic cusptron oscillator (2005)

A cueptron oscillator is currently being operated at Polytechnic. It uses a 16-slotted, waveguide for the generatione of 16th cyclotron harmonic TE/sub 02/ mode. At present, weak signal at the expected frequency 15.SGHz has been detected.
Upregulation of CFTR expression but not SLC26A3 and SLC9A3 in ulcerative colitis (2002)

In inflamed colonic mucosa, the equilibrium between absorptive and secretory functions for electrolyte and salt transport is disturbed. We compared the expression of three major mediators of the intestinal salt transport between healthy and inflamed colonic mucosa to understand the pathophysiology of diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease. Expression levels of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) (Cl- channel), SLC26A3 (Cl-/HCO exchanger) and SLC9A3 (Na+/H+ exchanger) mRNAs were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in peroperative colonic samples from controls (n = 4) and patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 10). Several samples were obtained from each individual. Tissue samples were divided into three subgroups according to their histological degree of inflammation. Expression of CFTR and SLC26A3 proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting from the same samples, respectively. Increased expression of CFTR mRNA was observed in all three groups of affected tissue samples, most pronounced in mildly inflamed colonic mucosa (5-fold increase in expression; P < 0.001). The expression of the CFTR protein was detected from health and inflamed colon tissue. Although the expression of the SLC26A3 mRNA was significantly decreased in severe ulcerative colitis (P < 0.05), the SLC26A3 protein levels remained unchanged in all groups. The expression of SLC9A3 mRNA was significantly changed between the mild and severe groups. Intestinal inflammation modulates the expression of three major mediators of intestinal salt transport and may contribute to diarrhea in ulcerative colitis both by increasing transepithelial Cl- secretion and by inhibiting the epithelial NaCl absorption.
Noise reduction mechanism in common-source type active-clamped DC-DC converters (2003)

We have pointed out that the common-source type active-clamp converter has a good feature of common-mode noise reduction and have shown its low noise characteristics. This paper analyzes the noise reduction mechanism in the common-source type active-clamp converter in detail. By measuring the near-field magnetic radiated noise, we examine the noise current path on the converter circuit board at some frequencies in problem. From this analysis we derive a high-frequency equivalent circuit for conducted noise current. The effect of stray capacitances on the near-field magnetic radiated noise frequencies is examined to confirm the validity of the high-frequency equivalent circuit. It is shown that the near-field magnetic radiated noise is reduced by shrinking the noise current loop.
Simulating mobile objects in dynamic processes (2016)

Hopkins was exceptional in the role of major advisor.He saw the makings of a dissertation before anyone else and worked patiently in teaching the author to mold the original set of amorphous ideas into this document.His ability to work simultaneously with the details while never losing sight of the whole was very helpful, as was his consistency in vision throughout many months.Dr. Hannon offered his friendship, spent many evenings discussing the topic, and provided kind pressure
Changes in Sublethal Effects, Oxygen Consumptin, and Ammonia Excretion of Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus) Under Various Salinities and Lead Concentrations (2012)

The present study investigated the sublethal concentration, sublethal time, oxygen consumption, and ammonia excretion of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) fry following exposure to different lead concentrations at various salinities (0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille). Fish exposed to 17 1 per mille were the most tolerant to lead. Respective 96-h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values were 1.65, 5.21, and 4.39 mg Pb2+/l following exposure to 0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille salinities. Examination of the time to 50% lethality (LT50) also showed the same trend at salinities of 17 1 per mille ＞ 34 1 per mille ＞ 0 1 per mille. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion by M. cephalus were measured in individual fish exposed to different salinities (0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille) and 0.5 mg/l lead. Oxygen consumption of the fish directly increased with a higher ambient salinity. In control solution, the oxygen consumption of mullet exposed to 0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille salinities were 733.97, 801.78, and 890.21 μg/g/ h, respectively. The ammonia excretion of mullet exposed to 0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille salinities were 17.792, 11.587, and 10.802 μg/g/h, respectively. In fish exposed to 0.5 mg/l lead and different salinities (0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille) for 20 days, oxygen consumption rates respectively decreased to 450.32, 484.57, and 516.27 μg/g/h. Ammonia excretion directly decreased with higher ambient salinities. After 20 days of exposure, respective ammonia excretion rates were 1.134, 0.939, and 0.646 μg/g/h in grey mullet acclimated to 0 1 per mille, 17 1 per mille, and 34 1 per mille salinities.
Fluorination of Nonactivated Haloarenes via Arynes under Mild Conditions, Resulting from Further Studies toward Ar−F Reductive Elimination from Palladium(II) (2008)

Attempted preparation of N,N- and S,S-chelate-stabilized arylpalladium fluorides has led to the finding of aryne-mediated fluorination of nonactivated haloarenes with Me4NF in DMSO under mild conditions.
Quantum size microcrystals grown using organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (1991)

Needle-shaped quantum size microcrystals as thin as 10 nm have been selectively grown by employing reduced pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using trimethylgallium and arsine as source materials. The microcrystals grown within a SiO2 window area have their growth axes along the [111] direction. Transmission electron diffraction analysis shows that the crystal structure of microcrystals is consistent with the zinc-blende structure of GaAs. The mechanism for growing the needle-shaped crystals is similar to a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) equilibrium phase growth model. From photoluminescence measurements at 4.2 K, it is found that the microcrystals show a very distinct spectra for free exciton and neutral acceptor-bound exciton recombinations, meaning good crystal quality.
Electron spectroscopic study of electronic and morphological modifications of the WSe2 surface induced by Rb adsorption (2010)

Inhalt der vorliegenden Arbeit sind Untersuchungen der rubidiumbedeckten Oberflche des halbleitenden bergangsmetalldichalkogenids Wolframdiselenid (W Se 2 ) durch Photoelektronenspektroskopie (PES) und Photoemissionselektronenmikroskopie (PEEM).Vielfltige, Rb-induzierte Effekte mit Auswirkungen auf elektronische, strukturelle und mechanische Eigenschaften sind von diesem System bekannt.Diese Arbeit ist der Untersuchung des Oberflchenpotentials als Folge des Ladungstransfers bei der Adsorption von Rb gewidmet.Wie gezeigt werden wird, knnen durch ein theoretisches Modell untersttzte Messungen des Potentials im thermischen Gleichgewicht ('Bandverbiegung') und im lichtinduzierten, stationren Nichtgleichgewicht ('surface photovoltage'(SPV)-Effekt) in Abhngigkeit von der Lichtintensitt zur Bestimmung einer Reihe von Materialkonstanten, insbesondere des unbesetzten Oberflchenzustands, herangezogen werden.Die Wirksamkeit spezieller Manahmen zur Integration einer Sekundrlichtquelle in einen konventionellen PES-Aufbau wird anhand von Simulationsrechnungen und Kalibrierungsmessungen belegt.Umfassende Anpassungen eines bestehenden Modells des SPV-Effekts an das untersuchte System werden diskutiert.Anhand von experimentellen Daten wird die Gltigkeit des Modells demonstriert.Das selbstorganisierte Wachstum von Rubidiumdomnen bei Raumtemperatur konnte mit Hilfe von ortsaufgelster XPS-Spektroskopie am PEEM-Experiment an der Beamline UE49/
T cell-dependent antitumor immunity mediated by secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine: augmentation of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. (2001)

Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) is a CC chemokine that is selective in its recruitment of naive T cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In the lymph node, SLC is believed to play an important role in the initiation of an immune response by colocalizing naive T cells with DC-presenting antigen. Here, we used SLC as a treatment for tumors established from the poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma. Intratumoral injections of SLC inhibited tumor growth in a CD8+, T cell-dependent manner. SLC elicited a substantial infiltration of DCs and T cells into the tumor, coincident with the antitumor response. We next used SLC gene-modified DCs as a treatment of established tumors. Intratumoral injections of SLC-expressing DCs resulted in tumor growth inhibition that was significantly better than either control DCs or SLC alone. Distal site immunization of tumor-bearing mice with SLC gene-modified DCs pulsed with tumor lysate elicited an antitumor response whereas control DCs did not. We also found that s.c. injection of lysate-pulsed DCs expressing SLC promoted the migration of T cells to the immunization site. This report demonstrates that SLC can both induce antitumor responses and enhance the antitumor immunity elicited by DCs.
Low-repetition-rate high-peak-power Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Al_2O_3 laser with a multiple-pass cavity (1999)

We demonstrate a novel, long, multiple-pass cavity (MPC) to obtain low repetition rates and high peak intensities from Kerr-lens mode-locked lasers. We show that the MPC provides a zero effective length by a unity transformation of the q parameter after a given number of transits of the laser beam. Pulse durations of 16.5 fs with 0.7 MW of power at a 15-MHz repetition rate are achieved. This is, to our knowledge, the lowest repetition rate ever achieved directly from a femtosecond laser resonator without use of additional active devices and cavity dumping. The combination of low repetition rates and high peak intensity is extremely useful for femtosecond pump-probe and other nonlinear experiments because it permits the application of high peak intensity without excessive average power.