gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Transfer in the Rhesus Monkey: Practical and Basic Implications1 (1999)

In early 1997, the birth of a lamb after transfer of the nucleus from an adult mammary gland cell into an enucleated oocyte, along with the production of rhesus monkeys by nuclear transfer of embryonic cells, marked a reemergence of the field of mammalian cloning. Clonally derived rhesus monkeys would be invaluable in biomedical research, and the commercial interests in transgenic sheep and cattle propagated by cloning are substantial. Nuclear transfer technology is under consideration in human in vitro fertilization clinics to overcome infertility secondary to advanced maternal age or mitochondrial-based genetic disease. Nuclear transfer involves preparing a cytoplast as a recipient cell, in most cases a mature metaphase II oocyte from which the chromosomes have been removed. A donor nucleus cell is then placed between the zona and the cytoplast, and fusion, as well as cytoplast activation, is initiated by electrical stimulation. Successful reprogramming of the donor cell nucleus by the cytoplast is critical--a step that may be influenced by cell cycle stage. Embryos produced by nuclear transfer are cultured in vitro for several cell divisions before cryopreservation or transfer to the oviduct or uterus of a host mother. The efficiency of producing live young by nuclear transfer in domestic species is low, with a high frequency of developmental abnormalities in both preterm and term animals. However, a number of pregnancies have now been established using fetal cells as the source of donor nuclei. The use of cell lines not only allows large clone sizes but also supports the ability to genetically manipulate cells in vitro before nuclear transfer. Ongoing research focused on the production of clonally derived rhesus monkeys using fetal fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells as the source of donor nuclei will be reviewed.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Coxsackievirus A21 (1989)

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of coxsackievirus A21 (CAV-21), the first member of this enterovirus subgroup to be analysed in molecular detail. The sequence, which is 7401 nucleotides long, encodes an open reading frame of 2206 codons, preceded by a 5' non-coding region of 711 nucleotides and followed by a 3' non-coding region of 72 nucleotides plus a poly(A) tract. The most striking feature is the remarkable homology to the poliovirus (greater than 90% at the amino acid level) in the 3' part of the genome. The rest of the genome is much less homologous, suggesting that CAV-21 is a recombinant virus. Rhinovirus-like characteristics, including the length of the 5' non-coding region and a slight --U/--A imbalance in codon usage, may be related to the fact that CAV-21, like rhinoviruses, infects the upper respiratory tract. However, the sequence sheds little light on the molecular basis of the shared receptor specificity.
Circular dichroism of alkaloids of colchicine type and their derivatives (1982)

The CD spectra of 48 colchicine alkaloids and of some of their derivatives were given. The effects of the substituents and of the basic skeleton on the chiroptical properties of the measured compounds were discussed.
Directing Energy Transfer within Conjugated Polymer Thin Films (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirecting Energy Transfer within Conjugated Polymer Thin FilmsJinsang Kim, D. Tyler McQuade, Aimee Rose, Zhengguo Zhu, and Timothy M. SwagerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 46, 11488–11489Publication Date (Web):October 30, 2001Publication History Received24 July 2001Published online30 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016693ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016693grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views916Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Energy,Energy transfer,Layers,Polymer films,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Nα‐Acetyl‐Vasopressin‐ and Nα‐Acetyl‐Oxytocin‐Like Substances: Isolation and Characterization in the Rat Neurointermediate Pituitary and Presence in the Brain (1989)

Abstract Post-translational modifications of vasopressin and oxytocin in pituitary and brain were investigated in view of recent evidence that oxytocin is partly N(alpha)-acetyfated in the bovine pineal gland. Two peptides were isolated from the neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland and characterized as N(alpha)-acetyl-vasopressin and N(alpha)-acetyl-oxytocin, based on chromatographic and immunological properties as well as the blocked N-terminus. In the neurointermediate pituitary the acetylated forms represented approximately 1% of the vasopressin and oxytocin contents. These two peptides were also detected in some, but not all, investigated brain areas. The highest degree of acetylation was found in the pineal gland. In all regions acetylation of oxytocin was more abundant than that of vasopressin. The data indicate that acetylation of vasopressin and oxytocin generally occurs as a post-translational modification. They support the concept that acetylation may represent a mechanism aimed to control bioactivity of the neurohypophyseal hormones.
Magnetic anisotropy modified by electric field in V/Fe/MgO(001)/Fe epitaxial magnetic tunnel junction (2013)

Single-crystalline V/Fe(0.7 nm)/MgO(1.2nm)/Fe(20 nm) magnetic tunnel junctions are studied to quantify the influence of an electric field on the Fe/MgO interface magnetic anisotropy. The thinnest Fe soft layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), whereas the thickest Fe layer acts as sensor for magnetic anisotropy changes. When electrons are added at the PMA Fe/MgO interface (negative voltage), no anisotropy changes are observed. For positive voltage, the anisotropy constant decreases with increasing bias voltage. A huge 1150 fJ V−1 m−1 anisotropy variation with field is observed and the magnetization is found to turn from out-of-plane to in-plane of the sample with the applied voltage.
The immunobiology of heat shock proteins. (1991)

A cell's reaction to heat shock is one of the most conserved responses among evolutionary diverse species. Although selected features of the response may vary between organisms, the synthesis of heat shock proteins is universal. The induction of hsps is rapid and occurs immediately following exposure to only a few degrees above normal physiological temperature. The array of assigned functions as well as those hypothesized for heat shock proteins imply that hsps are designed to render cells capable of coping with a variety of physiological stresses, including heat and oxidative injury. Interestingly, the gene for the hsp70 is located between the complement and tumor necrosis factor genes within the class III region of the human major histocompatibility complex on the short arm of chromosome 6. Hsp70 proteins have been linked with a protective role during stress and as unfoldase(s) in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Moreover, hsp analogs are often presented as antigens in bacterial or protozoal infections. The mapping of hsp70 in the MHC region may have significant implications with regard to immune mediated diseases. Moreover, the relationship of hsps to immunity and cancer represents the beginning of a major link of the role of hsps in human pathology. Finally, with its pleiotropic roles in essential cellular physiology and immune function, we predict that future experiments will define a relationship between hsps and allergy.
Are you bleeding? Validation of a machine-learning algorithm for determination of blood volume status: application to remote triage (2014)

Due to limited remote triage monitoring capabilities, combat medics cannot currently distinguish bleeding soldiers from those engaged in combat unless they have physical access to them. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that low-level physiological signals can be used to develop a machine-learning algorithm for tracking changes in central blood volume that will subsequently distinguish central hypovolemia from physical activity. Twenty-four subjects underwent central hypovolemia via lower body negative pressure (LBNP), and a supine-cycle exercise protocol. Exercise workloads were determined by matching heart rate responses from each LBNP level. Heart rate and stroke volume (SV) were measured via Finometer. ECG, heat flux, skin temperature, galvanic skin response, and two-axis acceleration were obtained from an armband (SenseWear Pro2) and used to develop a machine-learning algorithm to predict changes in SV as an index of central blood volume under both conditions. The algorithm SV was retrospectively compared against Finometer SV. A model was developed to determine whether unknown data points could be correctly classified into these two conditions using leave-one-out cross-validation. Algorithm vs. Finometer SV values were strongly correlated for LBNP in individual subjects (mean r = 0.92; range 0.75-0.98), but only moderately correlated for exercise (mean r = 0.50; range -0.23-0.87). From the first level of LBNP/exercise, the machine-learning algorithm was able to distinguish between LBNP and exercise with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (all ≥90%). In conclusion, a machine-learning algorithm developed from low-level physiological signals could reliably distinguish central hypovolemia from exercise, indicating that this device could provide battlefield remote triage capabilities.
Physicochemical characteristics of triacyl lipid A partial structure OM‐174 in relation to biological activity (2000)

The triacylated lipid A partial structure OM-174 was characterized in detail using a variety of physical and biological techniques. OM-174 aggregates adopt the micellar HI structure. The temperature (Tc) of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of the hydrocarbon chains is 0 degrees C, from which high fluidity of the acyl chains at 37 degrees C can be deduced. The molecular area of a single OM-174 molecule at a surface pressure of 30 mN x m-1 is 0.78 +/- 0.04 nm2. Conformational analyses, using IR spectroscopy, of the behavior of the various functional groups of OM-174 as compared with hexa-acyl lipid A suggest altered hydration of the phosphate charges and unusually strong hydration of the ester groups, which is probably related to the high accessibility of these groups to water in the micellar aggregate structure. OM-174 was shown to intercalate into a phospholipid membrane corresponding to the macrophage membrane within seconds in the presence, and within minutes to hours in the absence, of LPS-binding protein. In the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, the triacyl lipid A is more than 105-fold less active than hexa-acyl lipid A, but only 10-fold less active in inducing IL-6 in human mononuclear cells, and equally active in inducing NO production in murine macrophages. These findings are used to explain the mechanism of the lipid A-induced cell activation.
Status of umbilical cord blood transplantation in the year 2001 (2001)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is limited to small recipients because of the low haemopoietic cell dose. Children from ethnic minority groups may benefit most from cord blood transplantation. Cohort controlled retrospective data indicate that there is significantly less acute and chronic graft versus host disease associated with the transplantation of human major histocompatibility complex (HLA) identical sibling cord blood compared with HLA identical sibling marrow. Controlled data are not yet available to confirm this observation in unrelated donor cord blood transplantation. The difference in leukaemic relapse seen after cord blood compared with bone marrow transplantation is also unknown. Tentative recommendations for the use of umbilical cord blood for transplantation are as follows. Collection is indicated from healthy newborn siblings when urgent transplantation is required for an older child in a family. The haematologist responsible for the older child, with the approval of the family and the obstetric team, should contact the medical director of the nearest cord blood bank to discuss arrangements for the UCB to be collected and HLA typed. Antenatal blood sampling to HLA type the fetus is not recommended. Umbilical cord blood should be considered when allogeneic transplantation is the treatment of choice for a child who does not have an HLA identical sibling, or a well matched unrelated adult volunteer donor. The potential advantages and disadvantages of using an HLA haplotype matched peripheral blood stem cell family donor rather than an unrelated cord blood donation should be discussed. There are no comparative data available as yet. At present, UCB transplantation should only be considered if a suitably matched donation contains at least 2 x 10(7)/kg nucleated cells. Effectively, this means that most adults and larger children are not suitable recipients.
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptors in astrocytes: From development to neural injury (2007)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway controls the phenotypic characteristics of astrocytes. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), activation of the EGFR pathway induces astrocyte differentiation, forming the cribriform structure that surrounds axons and providing a supportive environment for neurons. In the adult CNS, the EGFR pathway is absent from astrocytes but is highly up-regulated and activated following neuronal injury. Activation of the EGFR pathway triggers quiescent astrocytes to become reactive astrocytes. Although astrocytes regulated by the EGFR pathway play constructive roles in the developing CNS, astrocytes that become reactive in response to activation of the EGFR pathway appear to be destructive to neurons in the adult CNS. The reappearance and activation of EGFRs in astrocytes under pathological conditions may activate a developmental process in an adult tissue. Regulation of EGFR function in astrocytes may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neural disorders.
Intermedia: The architecture and construction of an object-oriented hypemedia system and applications framework (1986)

This article presents a case study of the development of the Intermedia system, a large, object-oriented hypermedia system and associated applications development framework providing sophisticated document linkages. First it presents the educational and technological objectives underlying the project. Subsequent sections capture the process of developing the Intermedia product and detail its architecture and construction, concentrating on the areas in which object-oriented technology has had a significant role. Finally, the successes and failures of the development approach are examined, and several areas of standardization and research that would enhance the process are proposed.
Neuroanatomical and functional analysis of neural tube formation in notochordless Xenopus embryos; laterality of the ventral spinal cord is lost (1991)

Notochordless Xenopus embryos were produced by u.v. irradiation of the uncleaved fertilized egg. The spinal cords were examined using intermediate filament staining for glial cells, retrograde HRP staining for neuronal morphology and an anti-glycinergic antibody to reveal commissural cells and axons. The floorplate cells of the normal cord appear to be absent and their position along the ventral midline of the cord is occupied by motor neurones, Kolmer-Agduhr cells, radial glial cells and a ventrally placed marginal zone containing the longitudinal axons. Motor neurone number is reduced to 15% of control values, and the sensory extramedullary cell number is increased twentyfold. Commissural axons are still able to cross the ventral cord but do so at abnormal angles and some commissural axons continue to grow circumferentially up the contralateral side of the cord rather than turning to grow longitudinally. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings from motor axons reveal that the normal alternation of locomotor activity on the left and right side of the embryo is lost in notochordless animals. These results suggest that the notochord and/or the normal floor plate structure are important for the development of the laterality of spinal cord connections and may influence motor neurone proliferation or differentiation.
Topical Aprepitant in Clinical and Experimental Pruritus (2012)

accept a new CareSource patient, with an acceptance rate of 17% (Table 4).Comment.While privately insured patients enjoyed a 91% acceptance rate and relatively shorter wait times, the publicly insured patients faced significantly lower acceptance rates and longer appointment wait times.Despite making up less than 20% of the workforce, academic dermatologists provide most of the care for Medicaid patients in Ohio.Not only does this limit access to care for the publicly insured, but it also places significant strain on academic dermatology.In addition, the lower reimbursement, and resulting lower physician compensation, may make it more difficult for academic centers to recruit and retain faculty.The burden faced by academic dermatologists is evident in the data-with an average wait time almost twice that of private dermatologists.With implementation of the health care reform bill and expansion of Medicaid eligibility, longer appointment wait times are inevitable, not only for those with public insurance, but also for those who need the subspecialty care that is often available only at academic centers.
The Hot-Fuel Handling Performance of European and Japanese Cars (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Extensive tests have been carried out with European and Japanese cars to investigate the occurrence of vapour lock and related problems under hot-weather conditions. Different criteria, based on gasoline inspection properties, were evaluated for their ability to control hot-fuel handling performance. Considerable market experience has been accumulated with the flexible control, RVP (mbar) + 7E70, which is preferred by the authors to the vapour/liquid ratio type of control because it is far easier to use in routine refinery applications and control. However, the two types of control are equivalent in their ability to predict the performance of a wide range of gasolines, including those which may result from reductions in lead content. In their tolerance to gasoline volatility, the European and Japanese cars are very similar to the catalyst-equipped California models tested by the CRC in 1975.&lt;/div&gt;
Viscoelastic Windows of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (1991)

Abstract A viscoelastic window (VW) concept has been proposed to identify different types of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA's). Such viscoelastic windows are constructed from the values of dynamic storage modulus: G′ and dynamic loss modulus G″ at frequencies of 10−2 and 102 rad/sec. These frequencies are chosen because the range covers most of the time scales corresponding to the uses of PSA's at different application rates in performance tests. A four quadrant concept has also been recommended to categorize different types of PSA's based on the location of their VW's on the log-log cross plot of G′ and G″. It was found that for most PSA's, the range of G′ and G″ at room temperature within these selected frequencies falls between 103 and 106 Pascals. The proposed four-quadrants (top-left hand quadrant of high G′ and low G″, top-right hand quadrant of high G′ and high G″, lower left hand quadrant of low G′ and low G″, and lower right-hand quadrant of low G′ and high G″) correspond respectively to (1) non-PSA or release coatings (2) high shear PSA's, (3) removable PSA's and medical PSA's and (4) quick and cold stick PSA's. It was also observed that the VW's of general purpose permanent PSA's occupy the central region which straddles part of the four quadrants.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis with an Expanded Genetic Code (1995)

A biosynthetic method has been developed that makes possible the site-specific incorporation of a large number of amino acids and analogues within proteins. In this approach, an amber suppressor tRNA chemically aminoacylated with the desired amino acid incorporates this amino acid site specifically into a protein in response to an amber codon introduced at the corresponding position in the protein's DNA sequence. Using this method, precise changes within a protein can be made to address detailed structure-function questions. A series of fluorinated tyrosine analogues and linear, branched, and cyclic hydrophobic amino acids have been used to determine the impact of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic packing, respectively, on protein stability. Glutamate analogues and conformationally restricted amino acids have been used to probe the mechanisms of staphylococcal nuclease and ras. In addition, this technique has been used to construct photocaged proteins and proteins containing photoaffinity labels, spin labels, and isotopic labels at specific positions in the protein sequence suitable for biophysical studies.
Impact of deep brain stimulation on upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease (1999)

Recent pathophysiological models of Parkinson's disease have led to new surgical approaches to treatment including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and lesioning of basal ganglia structures. Various measures of upper limb akinesia were assessed in 6 patients with bilateral DBS of the internal pallidum and 6 with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus. Stimulation improved a number of aspects of motor function, and particularly movement time, and force production. Time to initiate movements, and to perform repetitive movements also improved but less dramatically. Processes indicating preparatory motor processes showed no significant change. Few significant differences were found between the internal pallidum and subthalamic nucleus groups. In general, the effects of DBS closely parallel previous reports of the effects of dopaminergic medication. It is suggested that disrupted pallidal output in Parkinson's disease interferes with the rate, level, and coordination of force production but has little effect on preparatory processes. The similarity of the effects of subthalamic nucleus and internal pallidum stimulation suggests this disrupted outflow is the most important determinant of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease. The effects of DBS were similar to the effects of unilateral pallidal lesions reported elsewhere.