gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (2011)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of ligands. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged regarding the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions. Here, we discuss changing views on the specificity of protein-heparan sulfate binding and the activity of HSPGs as receptors and coreceptors. Although few in number, heparan sulfate proteoglycans have profound effects at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level.
High quality ISD MgO buffers on large scale, flexible metal substrates for RF applications of HTS thin films (2006)

High temperature superconductor (HTS) films on biaxially aligned MgO buffers produced by inclined substrate deposition (ISD) on flexible metal substrates show promising electrical properties for current transport and RF applications. The quality and performance of the HTS film crucially depends on the biaxial texture offered by the buffer layer. We have investigated and optimized the conditions suitable for producing highly aligned ISD MgO buffer layers on large scale, flexible metal substrates. Thoroughly mechanically ground and electro-chemically polished substrates, homogeneous substrate cooling, compensation for variation of spatial deposition angle and high deposition rates account for excellent results (orientation quality of ? = 7??8? and ?? = 2.5??3.0?) and very good homogeneity over the substrate area. The deposited ReBCO films on top of the MgO ISD buffered metal substrates show critical current densities up to 2.2?MA?cm?2. The surface resistance of such HTS films measured at 10.9?GHz exhibits excellent values of 500??? at 77?K and 200??? at 30?K. Such surface resistances on HTS films on ISD substrates are a factor of 1.8 higher compared than those of HTS films on single crystalline substrates.
PLX4720 induces tumor regression, reverses cachexia, and extends survival in a mouse model of late-stage anaplastic thyroid cancer (2010)

Nehs, Matthew A. MD*; Nagarkatti, Sushruta S. MD; Nucera, Carmelo MD, PhD; Hodin, Richard A. MD, FACS; Parangi, Sareh MD, FACS Author Information
Soluble complement receptor type 1 prevents human complement-mediated damage of the rabbit isolated heart (1993)

The purpose of this study was to determine if recombinant human soluble CR1 (sCR1) could prevent tissue damage associated with the activation of human complement. Directly mediated human complement-dependent myocardial injury was induced in the rabbit isolated heart perfused with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 6% human plasma. There were three study groups: 1) 6% heat-inactivated human plasma (control); 2) 6% normal human plasma (NHP); or 3) 6% normal human plasma + 20 nM sCR1 (NHP + sCR1). Recorded functional parameters of the control group remained stable throughout the duration of the 70-min protocol. Complement activation in hearts perfused with 6% NHP increased the diastolic pressure; decreased developed pressure; and increased coronary perfusion pressure. These alterations were accompanied by a decrease in the maximum positive and negative dP/dt. Complement activation also increased cardiac muscle lymphatic fluid flow rate. The changes were greatest between 20 and 40 min, but persisted for the duration of the protocol. sCR1 (20 nM) in the perfusate containing 6% NHP prevented the complement-mediated alterations in the systolic, developed, and coronary perfusion pressures. sCR1 prevented the decrement in the positive and negative dP/dt, and the increase in the lymphatic fluid flow rate. Values for each of these parameters in hearts perfused with 6% NHP + sCR1 were not altered from those of controls at any time point in the protocol. Ultrastructural changes were present in tissues perfused with 6% NHP along with immunohistochemical evidence for presence of the terminal C5b-9 complex. sCR1 prevented the ultrastructural changes and the formation of the terminal complex. sCR1 offers significant protection against the cytolytic effects resulting from activation of the human complement system.
Rhodopsin/transducin interactions. II. Influence of the transducin-beta gamma subunit complex on the coupling of the transducin-alpha subunit to rhodopsin. (1992)

In these studies we have investigated the role of the beta gamma T subunit complex in promoting the rhodopsin-stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange reaction (i.e. the activation event) of the alpha T subunit. The results of these studies demonstrate that although the beta gamma T subunit complex increases the association of the alpha T subunit with lipid vesicles that lack the photoreceptor, the beta gamma T complex is not necessary for the binding of alpha T to lipid vesicles containing rhodopsin, provided sufficient amounts of rhodopsin are present. The rhodopsin-promoted GDP/guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) exchange reaction, within the rhodopsin-alpha T complex, then results in the dissociation of the alpha TGTP gamma S species from the rhodopsin-containing phospholipid vesicles. A second line of evidence for the occurrence of rhodopsin/alpha T interactions, in the absence of beta gamma T, comes from phosphorylation studies using the beta 1 isoform of protein kinase C. The phosphorylation of the alpha T subunit by protein kinase C is inhibited by beta gamma T, both in the absence and in the presence of rhodopsin, but is enhanced by rhodopsin in the absence of beta gamma T. These rhodopsin-alpha T complexes also appear to be capable of undergoing a rhodopsin-stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange event. When the guanine nucleotide exchange is allowed to occur prior to the addition of protein kinase C, the phosphorylation of the alpha T subunit is inhibited. Although beta gamma T is not absolutely required for the rhodopsin/alpha T interaction, it appears to increase the apparent affinity of the alpha T subunit for rhodopsin, both when rhodopsin was inserted into phosphatidylcholine vesicles and when soluble lipid-free preparations of rhodopsin were used. This results in a significant kinetic advantage for the rhodopsin-stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange event, such that the addition of beta gamma T causes a 10-fold promotion of the rhodopsin-stimulation [35S]GTP gamma S binding to alpha T after 1 min but provides less than a 20% promotion of the rhodopsin-stimulated binding after 1 h. The ability of beta gamma T to increase the association of alpha T with the lipid vesicle surface does not appear to contribute significantly to the ability of rhodopsin to couple functionally to alpha T subunits, and there appears to be no requirement for beta gamma T in the alpha T activation event, once the rhodopsin-alpha T complex has formed.
MobiSpray: Mobile Phone as Virtual Spray Can for Painting BIG Anytime Anywhere on Anything (2009)

This paper presents MobiSpray, a novel interactive art tool for creating ubiquitous ephemeral digital art. The mobile phone is employed as a virtual spray can to spray dabs of digital paint onto the physical environment via large-scale projections. The gesture-based control of the mobile phone provides a natural pointing mechanism for the virtual spray can. Experiences from extensive field use around the world testify in favor of a successful design. Most importantly, MobiSpray liberates and empowers the artist to change the environment via large-scale artistic expressions.
Ionizing radiation, cellular telephones and the risk for brain tumours (2001)

A case-control study on brain tumours included 233 patients aged 20-80 years and alive at the study time. They had histopathologically verified brain tumour and lived in the Uppsala-Orebro region (1994-1996) or the Stockholm region (1995-1996). Two matched controls to each case were selected from the Swedish Population Register. Two hundred and nine cases (90%) and 425 controls (91%) answered the questionnaire. Results are presented for the whole study group, as given here, and for malignant and benign tumours separately. For workers in the chemical industry the odds ratio (OR) was 4.10, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.25-13.4 and laboratory workers OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.16-8.85. Radiotherapy of the head and neck region gave OR 3.61, 95% CI 0.65-19.9. Medical diagnostic X-ray of the same area yielded OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04-2.58. Work as a physician gave OR 6.00, 95% CI 0.62-57.7. All three cases had worked with fluoroscopy. Ipsilateral (same side) use of a cellular telephone increased the risk of tumours in the temporal, temporoparietal and occipital areas, with OR 2.42, 95% CI 0.97-6.05 (i.e. the anatomical areas with highest exposure to microwaves from a mobile phone).
Shuttling of initiating kinase between discrete aggregates of the high affinity receptor for IgE regulates the cellular response (1997)

Using defined oligomers of IgE, our group previously studied the quantitative relationship between the aggregation of the high affinity receptors for IgE (Fc epsilonRI) and the earliest signals initiated by such aggregation: the phosphorylation of tyrosines on the receptor. Notably, at certain doses of the oligomers such phosphorylation reached a plateau level well before the aggregation of the receptors had reached a maximum. These findings and others led us to propose that aggregates of the receptor were competing for a limited amount of the critical kinase-thought to be Lyn in this system. This paper describes a test of this proposal. We incubated cells with two distinguishable IgEs and examined the effect of aggregating one or the other or both types on the phosphorylation. When receptors binding antigen-specific IgE were aggregated with polyvalent antigen, they became rapidly phosphorylated as expected. Remarkably, however, Fc epsilonRI that had already been phosphorylated by the binding of dimers of IgE, became dephosphorylated simultaneously. Furthermore, when the antigen-driven aggregates were dissociated with hapten, the phosphorylation pattern reverted to that seen prior to the addition of antigen: as the antigen-driven aggregates became dephosphorylated, the receptors stably aggregated by the bound oligomers became rapidly rephosphorylated. Dephosphorylation of oligomer-driven aggregates was also partially reversed during the "spontaneous" dephosphorylation of the antigen-driven receptors seen at longer times after addition of antigen. Thus signal transduction in this system is in part regulated by the shuttling of limited amounts of the kinase that initiates the cascade of phosphorylations.
ChemInform Abstract: 13C NMR Spectroscopy of Steroidal Alkaloids (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative benefits of Nab-paclitaxel over gemcitabine or polysorbate-based docetaxel in experimental pancreatic cancer (2013)

Gemcitabine has limited clinical benefits in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The solvent-based traditional taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel have not shown clinical results superior to gemcitabine. Nab-paclitaxel, a water-soluble albumin-bound paclitaxel, may carry superior distribution properties into the tumor microenvironment and has shown efficacy in multiple tumor types. We evaluated nab-paclitaxel effects compared with gemcitabine or docetaxel. For pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1, gemcitabine IC50 ranged from 494nM to 23.9 μM; docetaxel IC50 range was from 5 to 34nM; nab-paclitaxel IC50 range was from 243nM to 4.9 μM. Addition of IC25 dose of docetaxel or nab-paclitaxel decreased gemcitabine IC50. Net tumor growth inhibition after gemcitabine, docetaxel or nab-paclitaxel was 67, 31 and 72%, which corresponded with intratumoral proliferative and apoptotic indices. Tumor stromal density was decreased by nab-paclitaxel and to a lesser extent by docetaxel as measured through reduction in α-smooth muscle actin, S100A4 and collagen 1 expression. Animal survival was prolonged after nab-paclitaxel treatment (41 days, P < 0.002) compared with gemcitabine (32 days, P = 0.005), docetaxel (32 days, P = 0.005) and controls (20 days). Survival in nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine and docetaxel/gemcitabine sequential treatment groups was not superior to nab-paclitaxel alone. Low-dose combination of gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel or docetaxel was more effective compared with controls or gemcitabine alone but not superior to regular dose nab-paclitaxel alone. Combination treatment of gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel or gemcitabine+docetaxel increased gemcitabine concentration in plasma and tumor. The superior antitumor activity of nab-paclitaxel provides a strong rationale for considering nab-paclitaxel as first-line monotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
[half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity. (1982)

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-melanotropin; alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) that reversibly darkens amphibian skins by stimulating melanomsome (pigment granule) dispersion within melanophores. By using a number of in vitro melanocyte assays, we have examined the conformational requirements for alpha-MSH activity. Synthesis of [half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-MSH, a cyclic, conformationally restricted, "isosteric" analogue of alpha-MSH, provided a melanotropin with a potency greater than 10,000 times that of the native hormone in stimulating frog (Rana pipiens) skin darkening. The cyclic analogue also showed substantially prolonged activity relative to the native hormone. [half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-MSH was approximately 30 times more potent than alpha-MSH in stimulating lizard (Anolis carolinensis) skin melanophores in vitro. By using a cell-free Cloudman S-91 mouse melanoma plasma membrane preparation, we found the cyclic analogue to be approximately 3 times as potent as the native hormone in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity. These results provide insight into the conformational requirements for biological activity of alpha-MSH, and the comparative conformational requirements of alpha-MSH at a number of pigment cell receptors.
Characterization of the CAMPATH‐1 (CDw52) antigen: biochemical analysis and cDNA cloning reveal an unusually small peptide backbone (1991)

The CAMPATH-1 (CDw52) antigen has been purified from human spleen. The antigenic epitope is heat stable but sensitive to mild alkali treatment. Experiments with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C indicate that it is anchored by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. An N-terminal sequence of 11 amino acids was determined, followed by an abrupt stop. Using short overlapping mixed oligonucleotide primers, cDNA synthesized from the mRNA of a human B cell line was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The product was used to isolate cDNA clones and the full amino acid sequence of the CAMPATH-1 antigen was deduced. It consists of 37 amino acid residues plus a 24-residue signal peptide. It has all the features expected for a GPI-anchored membrane protein except that the predicted mature protein is remarkably short, comprising no more than 18 residues and possibly as few as 12 (depending on the GPI linkage site). Potential attachment sites for carbohydrate are present and it is shown that the antigen contains N-linked oligosaccharide(s). This structure accounts for the known properties of the antigen, though the exact reasons why it is such a good target for cell lysis in vitro and in vivo are not yet clear.
Determination of Isomers of Inositol Mono- to Hexaphosphates in Selected Foods and Intestinal Contents Using High-Performance Ion Chromatography (1997)

A sensitive high-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) method for separation and quantitative determination of inositol mono- to hexaphosphate (IP1−IP6) isomers in selected foods and intestinal contents is described. The method includes extraction of samples with HCl, separation of the inositol phosphates from the crude extract by anion-exchange chromatography, separation on high-performance ion-exchange columns with gradient elution in two combined HPIC systems, and detection using either postcolumn reaction and UV detection (system 1) or chemically suppressed conductivity detection (system 2). IP2−IP6 in samples were determined on the first system, which also separated isomers of IP4 and IP5. Fractions of IP1−IP3 from the first system were transferred to the second system after some additional sample preparation and analyzed for isomers. The applicability and sensitivity of the method are illustrated by measuring the content of inositol phosphates in foods, ileal contents, and feces of human balances. Keywords: Inositol phosphate isomers; high-performance ion chromatography; HPIC; food; intestinal content
Long term healthcare costs of infants who survived neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a retrospective longitudinal study among infants enrolled in Texas Medicaid (2013)

The all-inclusive healthcare costs of surgical NEC survivors continued to be substantially higher than that of matched controls through the early childhood development period. These results can have important treatment and policy implications. Further research in this topic is needed.
Development of a Rapid Method for the PEGylation of Adenoviruses with Enhanced Transduction and Improved Stability under Harsh Storage Conditions (2000)

PEGylation is the covalent attachment of activated monomethoxy poly(ethylene) glycols (MPEGs) to free lysine groups of therapeutic proteins. This technology has enhanced the physical stability of proteins and ablated humoral immune responses generated against them. In this study, adenoviral vectors were modified with MPEGs activated by cyanuric chloride, succinimidyl succinate, and tresyl chloride. Under proper buffering conditions, reactions were complete within 2 hr. Transduction efficiency of PEGylated adenoviruses was not compromised by neutralizing antibodies to native adenovirus in vitro. These preparations retained titers that were significantly greater than those of the unconjugated virus after storage at 42, 25, 4, and -20 degrees C. Stability profiles of PEGylated preparations at -20 degrees C suggest that glycerol could be eliminated from formulations without significant loss of viral titer. PEGylated adenoviruses produced a two- to threefold increase in transduction in the lung when administered by intratracheal injection and a fivefold increase in transduction in the liver when administered intravenously.
Hello! My name is... Buffy'' -- Automatic Naming of Characters in TV Video (2006)

We investigate the problem of automatically labelling appearances of characters in TV or film material. This is tremendously challenging due to the huge variation in imaged appearance of each character and the weakness and ambiguity of available annotation. However, we demonstrate that high precision can be achieved by combining multiple sources of information, both visual and textual. The principal novelties that we introduce are: (i) automatic generation of time stamped character annotation by aligning subtitles and transcripts; (ii) strengthening the supervisory information by identifying when characters are speaking; (iii) using complementary cues of face matching and clothing matching to propose common annotations for face tracks. Results are presented on episodes of the TV series “Buffy the Vampire Slayer”.
In Vitro Interleukin-3 Binding to Leukemia Cells Predicts Cytotoxicity of a Diphtheria Toxin/IL-3 Fusion Protein (2000)

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia frequently develop chemotherapy resistant blasts. To overcome multidrug resistance, a diphtheria toxin fusion protein (DTIL3) was engineered by fusing the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT) to human interleukin-3 (IL-3). However, when blasts were isolated from patients and tested for colony growth inhibition by DTIL3, only a third of the samples showed sensitivity to the fusion protein. Prior to clinical development, we need to be able to identify which patients are likely to respond to therapy with DTIL3. In this report, we compared the inhibition of thymidine incorporation in human leukemia cell lines by DTIL3 to the IL-3 receptor number and affinity. We found DTIL3 was cytotoxic to four of the eight cell lines tested with half-maximal inhibition of thymidine incorporation (IC(50)) from 1 to 50 pM. The IL-3 receptor density for these cell lines ranged from 0 to 2635 receptors per cell. The dissociation constant for an IL-3 high-affinity receptor agonist was 0.5 nM for cell lines with receptors. We found a correlation for the cell lines between the presence of high-affinity IL-3 receptors and sensitivity to DTIL3 (p = 0.03). These results suggest the variability in sensitivity of patient leukemic progenitors to DTIL3 may be due in part to the presence or absence of high-affinity IL-3 receptors.
The effect of a one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection on different intra‐oral niches Clinical and microbiological observations (1998)

A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrant, at a 1- to 2-week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra-oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously-treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full-mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above-mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2-week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full-mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3x in 10 min) with 1% chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2x daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full-mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodontopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microbiological improvements were reflected in a statistically-significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra-oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.
Eukaryotic Mismatch Repair in Relation to DNA Replication (2015)

Three processes act in series to accurately replicate the eukaryotic nuclear genome. The major replicative DNA polymerases strongly prevent mismatch formation, occasional mismatches that do form are proofread during replication, and rare mismatches that escape proofreading are corrected by mismatch repair (MMR). This review focuses on MMR in light of increasing knowledge about nuclear DNA replication enzymology and the rate and specificity with which mismatches are generated during leading- and lagging-strand replication. We consider differences in MMR efficiency in relation to mismatch recognition, signaling to direct MMR to the nascent strand, mismatch removal, and the timing of MMR. These studies are refining our understanding of relationships between generating and repairing replication errors to achieve accurate replication of both DNA strands of the nuclear genome.