gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monosaccharide and oligosaccharide analysis of isoelectric focusing-separated and blotted granulocyte colony-stimulating factor glycoforms using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (1994)

In this study, a sensitive, straightforward technique is developed for the analysis of glycoprotein O-linked oligosaccharides. Specifically, O-linked oligosaccharides of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are analysed by separating charged glycoforms using isoelectric focusing, electroblotting to polyvinylidene difluoride, releasing monosaccharides and oligosaccharide alditols from the blotted glycoprotein bands, and producing chromatographs using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Using this technique, the O-linked structures of G-CSF produced by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are deduced by comparison with monosaccharide and oligosaccharide standards. Lectin blotting and peptide sequencing support the identities of the presumed G-CSF glycoforms. The two major glycoforms determined using this methodology correspond to those determined previously for CHO-produced G-CSF using NMR. Additional glycoforms are also identified in this study, presumably resulting from the presence of N-glycolyneuraminic acid in place of N-acetylneuraminic acid. The utility of this analytical approach is then demonstrated in an analysis of the effect of the extracellular environment on the O-linked glycosylation of G-CSF by recombinant CHO cells. Increasing the level of ammonium ion in the culture medium is shown to reduce the percentage of G-CSF produced with sialic acid linked alpha (2,6) to N-acetylgalactosamine.
Adaptive transform size decision algorithm for high-efficiency video coding inter coding (2014)

Variable transform sizes have been adopted by the emerging international standard of high-efficiency video coding (HEVC). The HEVC test model (HM) supports four different transform sizes in the range of 4×4 to 32×32. The transform size is chosen based on the rate-distortion optimization techniques. Variable transform sizes have a coding performance superior to the traditional fixed block-size transform. Meanwhile, this causes high computational complexity at the encoders. We propose a fast transform size decision algorithm incorporating three methods: (1) transform bypass based on the SKIP mode detection, (2) content-based transform size decision, and (3) early termination of variable-sized transform. The proposed algorithm first checks coding information from nearby spatially and temporally coding units (CUs) or treeblocks and the parent CU in the upper depth level. Based on the coding information from nearby CUs, only a small number of transform sizes are selected in the procedure of transform size decision. Simulation results show that our algorithm can reduce the complexity of the transform procession by more than 55% with a negligible loss of coding efficiency.
Williams-Beuren syndrome: a challenge for genotype-phenotype correlations (2003)

Many human chromosomal abnormality syndromes include specific cognitive and behavioural components. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome lack a paternally derived copy of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15, and eat uncontrollably; in Angelman syndrome lack of a maternal contribution of 15q11-q13 results in absence of speech, frequent smiling and episodes of paroxysmal laughter; deletions on 22q11 can be associated with obsessive behaviour and schizophrenia. The neurodevelopmental disorder Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), is caused by a microdeletion at 7q11.23 and provides us with one of the most convincing models of a relationship that links genes with human cognition and behaviour. The hypothesis is that deletion of one or a series of genes causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities that manifest as the fractionation of mental abilities typical of WBS. Detailed molecular characterization of the deletion alongside well-defined cognitive profiling in WBS provides a unique opportunity to investigate the neuromolecular basis of complex cognitive behaviour, and develop integrated approaches to study gene function and genotype-phenotype correlations.
Metabolic engineering of sesquiterpene metabolism in yeast (2006)

Terpenes are structurally diverse compounds that are of interest because of their biological activities and industrial value. These compounds consist of chirally rich hydrocarbon backbones derived from terpene synthases, which are subsequently decorated with hydroxyl substituents catalyzed by terpene hydroxylases. Availability of these compounds is, however, limited by intractable synthetic means and because they are produced in low amounts and as complex mixtures by natural sources. We engineered yeast for sesquiterpene accumulation by introducing genetic modifications that enable the yeast to accumulate high levels of the key intermediate farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Co-expression of terpene synthase genes diverted the enlarged FPP pool to greater than 80 mg/L of sesquiterpene. Efficient coupling of terpene production with hydroxylation was also demonstrated by coordinate expression of terpene hydroxylase activity, yielding 50 mg/L each of hydrocarbon and hydroxylated products. These yeast now provide a convenient format for investigating catalytic coupling between terpene synthases and hydroxylases, as well as a platform for the industrial production of high value, single-entity and stereochemically unique terpenes.
Teaching hypnosis within a family practice residency program. (1988)

As a result of increasing interest in medical hypnosis, a curriculum has been developed for teaching clinical hypnosis to family practice residents within a Canadian two-year training program. History and theories, demonstrations of techniques, practice of inductions, and clinical applications are presented to all second-year residents within a course titled "Behavioral Medicine in Family Practice." Individual supervision is offered within the family practice teaching unit as well as a one-month elective in behavioral medicine. Residents are encouraged to attend workshops offered by the Canadian Society of Clinical Hypnosis and invited to attend an autogenic training group for patients. Evaluation of continuing use of learned skills in practice settings is in process.
Mild and Expedient Asymmetric Reductions of α,β-Unsaturated Alkenyl and Alkynyl Ketones by TarB-NO2 and Mechanistic Investigations of Ketone Reduction (2010)

A facile and mild reduction procedure is reported for the preparation of chiral allylic and propargyl alcohols in high enantiomeric purity. Under optimized conditions, alkynyl and alkenyl ketones were reduced by TarB-NO2 and NaBH4 at 25 °C in 1 h to produce chiral propargyl and allylic alcohols with enantiomeric excesses and yields up to 99%. In the case of α,β-unsaturated alkenyl ketones, α-substituted cycloalkenones were reduced with up to 99% ee, while more substituted and acyclic derivatives exhibited lower induction. For α,β-ynones, it was found that highly branched aliphatic ynones were reduced with optimal induction up to 90% ee, while reduction of aromatic and linear aliphatic derivatives resulted in more modest enantioselectivity. Using the (L)-TarB-NO2 reagent derived from (L)-tartaric acid, we routinely obtained highly enantioenriched chiral allylic and propargyl alcohols with (R) configuration. Since previous models and a reduction of a saturated analogue predicted propargyl products of (S) configuration, a series of new mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the likely orientation of aromatic, alkenyl, and alkynyl ketones in the transition state.
Longitudinal assessment of diabetic polyneuropathy using a composite score in the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort (1997)

Because there are little satisfactory data on change in severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) over time from study of population-based cohorts of diabetic patients in epidemiologic surveys of DP, it is difficult to predict outcome or morbidity or to identify risk factors; it is also difficult to estimate statistical power for use in controlled clinical trials. In this longitudinal study of almost 200 patients from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study (RDNS) cohort, we assess which symptoms, clinical examinations, tests, or combinations of examinations and tests (composite scores) are best used as minimal criteria for the diagnosis of DP and as a quantitative measure of severity of DP. An abnormality (> or = 97.5th percentile) of a composite score that included the Neuropathy Impairment Score of the lower limbs plus seven tests (NIS(LL)+7 tests), was a better minimal criteria for DP than clinical judgment alone or previously published minimal criteria. First, it provided a more comprehensive assessment of neuropathic impairment. Second, it avoided the overestimated frequency of DP when the minimal criteria for DP was any one or two abnormalities from multiple measurements. Minimal criteria using nerve conduction and reduced heart beat response to deep breathing identified approximately twice as many patients with DP than did clinical examination and vibration detection threshold using CASE IV. This difference could be used to subclassify state 1 DP. Although various individual measures of DP, for example, vibration detection threshold (as evaluated by CASE IV and the 4, 2, and 1 stepping algorithm [see text]), were good measures of worsening, the composite score NIS(LL)+7 tests (assessing neuropathic impairment) was much better at showing monotone worsening. Using this composite score, the average diabetic patient in the RDNS worsened by 0.34 points per year, whereas patients with diabetic polyneuropathy worsened by 0.85 points per year. On the assumption that a therapeutic agent may prevent worsening of DP but not cause improvement, controlled clinical trials of patients with DP would need to be conducted for a period of 3 years to achieve a meaningful change of 2 NIS points (the level of abnormality considered by a Peripheral Nerve Society consensus group to be clinically meaningful).
A Comparison of Lipid and Glycemic Effects of Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia (2005)

Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have significantly different effects on plasma lipids independent of glycemic control or concomitant lipid-lowering or other antihyperglycemic therapy. Pioglitazone compared with rosiglitazone is associated with significant improvements in triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL particle concentration, and LDL particle size.
Reconstitution of protein translocation from solubilized yeast membranes reveals topologically distinct roles for BiP and cytosolic Hsc70. (1993)

We reconstituted prepro-alpha-factor translocation and signal peptide processing using a yeast microsomal detergent soluble fraction formed into vesicles with soybean phospholipids. Reconstituted translocation required ATP, and was deficient when sec63 and kar2 (BiP) mutant cells were used as a source of membranes. Normal translocation was observed with vesicles reconstituted from a mixture of pure wild-type yeast BiP and a soluble fraction of kar2 mutant membranes. Two other heat-shock cognate (hsc) 70 homologs, yeast cytosolic hsc70 (Ssalp) and E. coli dnaK protein did not replace BiP. Conversely, BiP was not active under conditions where translocation into native ER vesicles required cytosolic hsc70. We conclude that cytosolic hsc70 and BiP serve noninterchangeable roles in polypeptide translocation, possibly because distinct, asymmetrically oriented membrane proteins are required to recruit each protein to opposing surfaces of the ER membrane.
Specific Detection of Aspergillus Species in Blood and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples of Immunocompromised Patients by Two-Step PCR (1999)

The increasing incidence of aspergillosis, a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients, emphasizes the need to improve the currently limited diagnostic tools. We developed a two-step PCR assay that specifically amplifies a region of the 18S rRNA gene that is highly conserved in Aspergillus species. A number of primers with the least homology to equivalent human or Candida gene sequences were screened for the pairs that gave the highest sensitivity and specificity. No cross-reaction with the wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens so far tested was observed. This assay allows direct and rapid detection of down to 10 fg of Aspergillus DNA corresponding to 1 to 5 CFU per ml of blood. A total of 315 blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 140 subjects, including 93 patients at risk for invasive fungal disease, were screened. The result was a 100% correlation between positive histology, culture, or high-resolution computed tomography findings and PCR results. The test specificity was 89%. Our data point to the considerable potential clinical value of this simple, specific, rapid, and inexpensive PCR assay for improving the means of early diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis in high-risk patients.
Potentiometric Titration of Free Amine and Amine Carbonate in Carbonated Monoethanolamine Solutions (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric Titration of Free Amine and Amine Carbonate in Carbonated Monoethanolamine SolutionsY. -C. ChangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 6, 1095–1097Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60138a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60138a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views476Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermolytic Carbonates for Potential 5′‐Hydroxyl Protection of Deoxyribonucleosides. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Practical aspects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery. (1986)

The authors are reporting a total of 41 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) at different levels of the carotid artery. The procedure for proximal carotid artery was performed on 17 patients, for mid or distal common carotid artery on 4 patients, for carotid bifurcations on 5 patients, for internal carotid artery on 6 patients, for external carotid artery on 4 patients, and for fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery on 5 patients. We also collected research on an additional 53 patients from the literature for a total of 94 patients. To date, we have not encountered any mortalities nor neurologic complications in performing this procedure. Thus, we believe that PTA may be performed with reasonable safety and as an alternate procedure in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis.
Experimental evaluation of the accuracy of skin dose calculation for a commercial treatment planning system (2008)

This work investigates the accuracy of skin dose calculations using the Eclipse treatment planning system. Skin dose was measured using micro-MOSFETs for a range of irradiation conditions (open fields, physical wedges, dynamic wedges, different SSDs) for 6MV and 10MV beams, and compared with the mean dose calculated to a 2mm thick "skin" structure for semi-cylindrical phantoms (representative of a neck or breast). Agreement between the calculated and measured skin dose values was better than +/-20% for 95% of all measured points (both 6MV and 10MV x-ray spectra). For a fixed geometry, the TPS correctly calculated relative changes in dose, showing that minimization of skin dose in IMRT will be effective in Eclipse.
Micromachined patch antennas (1998)

This paper presents the use of selective lateral etching based on micromachining techniques to enhance the performance of rectangular microstrip patch antennas printed on high-index wafers such as silicon, GaAs, and InP. Micromachined patch antennas on Si substrates have shown superior performance over conventional designs where the bandwidth and the efficiency have increased by as much as 64% and 28%, respectively. In this work, the silicon material is removed laterally underneath the patch antenna to produce a cavity that consists of a mixture of air and substrate with equal or unequal thicknesses. Characterization of the micromachined patch antenna is presented herein and includes a discussion on the bandwidth improvements, radiation patterns, and efficiency of the patch. In addition, antenna placement on the reduced index cavity with respect to the high-index substrate is described to achieve efficiency improvements over conventional patch antennas.
DNA methylation in urological malignancies (review). (1998)

Three different kinds of alterations in DNA methylation have been observed in urological malignancies. DNA hypermethylation of CpG-rich promoter regions is an important mechanism involved in the inactivation of tumor suppressor and other genes in prostate, renal cell, and bladder carcinoma. Genome-wide hypomethylation is most pronounced in urothelial carcinoma, but also occurs in prostatic cancer. Loss of imprinting may be a primary event in the aetiogenesis of Wilms' tumor and probably contributes to testicular cancer. With respect to alterations in DNA methylation three tumor categories are distinguished: in the development of embryonic tumors, e.g. Wilms' tumor, loss of imprinting is important probably by upsetting the balance between genes promoting or inhibiting proliferation. In tumors with faulty DNA methylation, e.g. renal cell carcinoma, occasional errors in DNA methylation are selected for during tumor development. In tumors with deranged methylation, e. g. in most bladder and prostate carcinomas, the mechanisms establishing methylation patterns are fundamentally disturbed and multiple alterations in DNA methylation are observed. At least one of the enzymes establishing methylation patterns, viz. DNA methyltransferases and demethylases, may be deregulated. Moreover, changes in methyl group metabolism need to be considered. DNA hypermethylation and loss of imprinting act by altering the expression of selected genes, whereas hypomethylation may facilitate transcription and recombination throughout the genome by its effect on the chromatin structure. The combination of all three types of alterations may create genomic instability in tumors with deranged DNA methylation. Regarding a potential clinical use, detection of hypermethylation appears most promising in cancer diagnosis, while parameters reflecting genome-wide hypomethylation may prove useful in the prediction of prognosis. Inhibitors of DNA methylation are being improved and will presumably first be employed against tumors with hypermethylated key tumor suppressor genes.
Acetylcholinesterase from bovine caudate nucleus is attached to membranes by a novel subunit distinct from those of acetylcholinesterases in other tissues. (1987)

Acetylcholinesterase extracted with Triton X-100 from bovine brain caudate nuclei was purified by affinity chromatography to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme was labeled with [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate at the active sites and with the photoactivated reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine, a compound which has been shown to be selective for the hydrophobic membrane-binding domains of several other proteins. The subunit structure was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate before and after disulfide reduction. After reduction, a single 3H-labeled band at 70 kDa was stained by silver, but most of the 125I label corresponded to a 20-kDa species. Prior to reduction, five 3H-labeled and silver-stained bands were apparent at 70, 140, 160, 260, and greater than 360 kDa. These species were presumed to represent monomer and disulfide-linked oligomers of 70-kDa catalytic subunits. 125I label was selectively associated with the 160-, 260-, greater than 360-, and a 90-kDa species. Quantitative gel slicing of 3H- and 125I-labeled nonreduced enzyme supported a structural model in which the tetrameric enzyme is a dimer of nonidentical catalytic subunit dimers, one of which involves a direct intersubunit disulfide linkage between two 70-kDa catalytic subunit monomers and the second of which contains two disulfide linkages through an intervening 125I-labeled 20-kDa noncatalytic subunit. This 20-kDa subunit is proposed to contain the membrane attachment site. The brain enzyme did not contain components characteristic of the glycolipid anchors of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases. However, part of the 125I label was associated with fatty acids, indicating that at least a portion of the brain enzyme membrane anchor is composed of nonamino acid components.
Extent and persistence of P-glycoprotein inhibition in multidrug-resistant P388 cells after exposure to resistance-modifying agents (1994)

The low daunomycin (DAU) retention in P388 cells displaying P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) can be increased by the presence of various resistance-modifying agents (RMAs). Taking the DAU retention restoration as an indicator of Pgp function inhibition and using a few RMAs, including SDZ PSC 833, SDZ 280-446, cyclosporin A (CsA) and verapamil, we compared different conditions of MDR cell exposure to the RMA. The 'co + post-RMA' treatments (RMA present during both DAU uptake and efflux phases) generally led to higher DAU retention levels than the 'co-RMA' treatments (RMA present during the DAU uptake phase only). The magnitude and persistence of Pgp function inhibition induced by the RMA was further examined by only pulsing the cells with the RMA and growing them in RMA-free medium before the DAU retention assay ('pre-RMA' treatment). While recovery of Pgp function was nearly complete within minutes after a pulse exposure to verapamil, this took increasing times with CsA, SDZ 280-446 and SDZ PSC 833, the latter RMA leaving traces of inhibition of Pgp function even 2 days after the pulse exposure of the MDR-P388 cells. The persistence of Pgp inhibition conferred by some RMAs being much longer than by others, this feature should be taken into account when designing chemotherapy protocols in the clinic.
P‐16: Novel Four‐Mask Process in the FFS TFT‐LCD with Optimum Multiple‐Slit Design Applied by the use of a Gray‐Tone Mask (2005)

Abstract In order to simplify the array manufacturing process of FFS TFT‐LCD, novel four‐mask process which is adopted to the optimum multiple‐slit design in the common electrode and contact hole has been developed. The adoption of the optimum multiple‐slit design is able to support stable process margin without ripple of gray‐tone. Moreover, continuous process by etching of the gate and transparent common electrode simplify array process of FFS devices.