gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tetrahydrofuran on Biological Systems: Does a Hepatotoxic Potential Exist? (1991)

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a widely used solvent in industry and research. THF is a weak toxin, with approximate acute LD50s in the range of 2 to 3 g/kg, 8 to 20 mg/L, and 800 mg/kg following oral, inhalation, and i.v. routes, respectively. The two primary signs of intoxication are narcosis and hepatocellular dysfunction, both occurring at doses of approximately one-half of the lethal dose. Little is known concerning the pharmacokinetics of THF. No evidence exists for genotoxicity due to THF. Ongoing carcinogenicity bioassay tests sponsored by the National Toxicology Program have not yet been completed. Two significant interactions of THF with cellular components have been studied; first, THF inhibits a number of enzymatic reactions at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mM. Most notably, THF is an inhibitor of a number of cytochrome P450 (P450) dependent mixed function oxidase activities, with a particular affinity for the alcohol-induced isozyme (P450IIE1). Second, THF has been noted to enhance the toxic action of a number of compounds (i.e. solvent effect), in particular stimulating the more rapid absorption of reactive metabolites. A third factor to be considered is THF's ability to form peroxides upon standing. Little is known concerning the toxicity of THF peroxides. Therefore, while there is little evidence to suggest that THF would be a direct (Type I) hepatotoxin at relatively low doses, its ability to inhibit drug-metabolizing reactions (perhaps more so in alcohol users), and enhance the absorbance of reactive metabolites, are relatively unexplored avenues for THF to contribute to a hepatotoxic response. As a great deal of the human hepatotoxicity (Type II) is "idiosyncratic" and cannot be readily reproduced in experimental animals, this potential route of hepatotoxicity should be considered in future evaluations of human exposure to THF.
Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (1998)

Osteoporosis affects an estimated 75 million people in Europe, the United States, and Japan.1 It is a preventable and treatable condition, yet many people with osteoporosis remain unrecognized and untreated. The purpose of this review is to consider the evidence that treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis are effective and safe.Definition of OsteoporosisDefinitions of osteoporosis have usually been conceptual and therefore difficult to apply to individual patients. For example, a Consensus Development Conference defined osteoporosis as “a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.”1 A . . .
Spectroscopic Applications of a Broadly Tunable, Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator (2006)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. T. Persijn, A. K. Ngai, S. M. Cristescu, and F. J. Harren, "Spectroscopic Applications of a Broadly Tunable, Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator," in Laser Applilcations to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2006), paper PDP_6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
IFT20 Links Kinesin II with a Mammalian Intraflagellar Transport Complex That Is Conserved in Motile Flagella and Sensory Cilia (2003)

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism thought to be required for the assembly and maintenance of all eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Although IFT proteins are present in cells with sensory cilia, the organization of IFT protein complexes in those cells has not been analyzed. To determine whether the IFT complex is conserved in the sensory cilia of photo-receptors, we investigated protein interactions among four mammalian IFT proteins: IFT88/Polaris, IFT57/Hippi, IFT52/NGD5, and IFT20. We demonstrate that IFT proteins extracted from bovine photoreceptor outer segments, a modified sensory cilium, co-fractionate at approximately 17 S, similar to IFT proteins extracted from mouse testis. Using antibodies to IFT88 and IFT57, we demonstrate that all four IFT proteins co-immunoprecipitate from lysates of mouse testis, kidney, and retina. We also extended our analysis to interactions outside of the IFT complex and demonstrate an ATP-regulated co-immunoprecipitation of heterotrimeric kinesin II with the IFT complex. The internal architecture of the IFT complex was investigated using the yeast two-hybrid system. IFT20 exhibited a strong interaction with IFT57/Hippi and the kinesin II subunit, KIF3B. Our data indicate that all four mammalian IFT proteins are part of a highly conserved complex in multiple ciliated cell types. Furthermore, IFT20 appears to bridge kinesin II with the IFT complex.
Detection of sleep apnea on a per-second basis using respiratory signals (2013)

There has been a growing interest in out-of-center sleep testing with portable devices for accurate diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome. This paper presents a new algorithm that extracts features based on filtering and statistical dispersion of the nasal airflow respiration signal and detects apnea events on a per-second basis. The data records were randomly selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS-2) database to represent 100 control subjects with Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) less than 5, and 100 apnea subjects with AHI values from 30 to 75. The algorithm was optimized according to the product of sensitivity and positive predictive value of apnea events among a training dataset of 50 apnea subjects with a constraint on the false positive rate among a training dataset of 50 control subjects. From testing of the algorithm on separate datasets, the false positive rate among 50 control subjects was found to be 1.3 events per hour, which corresponds to 100% specificity of classifying apnea subjects. The sensitivity and positive predictive value among 50 apnea subjects were found to be 83.6% and 72.3%, respectively. Among the identified false positive events in the apnea subjects, 64.3% of the events were found to be hypopnea events. Thus, incorporation of hypopnea detection would enhance the performance of the apnea detection algorithm.
Trans-Platinum Complexes in Cancer Therapy (2007)

The research of new platinum drugs active towards cisplatin refractory/resistant tumors has been mostly focussed on compounds with cis geometry because transplatin, the trans-isomer of cisplatin, is inactive. It is widely accepted that transplatin inactivity stems from two major factors: i) the kinetic instability promoting its deactivation and ii) the formation of DNA adducts characterized by a regioselectivity and a stereochemistry different from those of cisplatin. However, several exceptions to the general rule that the presence of two leaving groups in cis positions is necessary for antitumor activity of platinum complexes, have been reported. Substitution of transplatin ammine ligands by aromatic N-donor heterocycles, branched aliphatic amines, or imino ligands has lead to compounds with relevant in vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory potency, often active towards cisplatin refractory/resistant tumor cells, and in some cases endowed with significant activity also in vivo. From a mechanistic point of view, substitution of bulky ligands for ammines can retard substitution of the two chloride ligands, thus reducing the kinetic instability of the trans-platinum compounds. On the other hand, the formation of DNA adducts qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of cisplatin strongly supports the hypothesis that antitumor-active trans-platinum complexes can have a different spectrum of activity. It is hoped that the increasing knowledge of the biochemical and cellular processes underlying the antitumor-activity of trans-platinum complexes will foster their clinical development.
Manufacturing and electrical interconnection of piezoelectric 1-3 composite materials for phased array ultrasonic transducers (2008)

Piezoelectric 1-3 composite material sensors are used in phased array ultrasonic testing systems. The Dice-and-Fill technique is a very flexible method to fabricate these materials for frequencies up to 10 MHz. A polarized PZT plate is cut in two directions with a dicing saw to separate the PZT pillars. The pitch of the microstructure has to be finer with increasing center frequency to suppress spurious modes. Square shaped pillars with a width of 55 mum, a distance of 30 mum and a height of more than 500 mum are realized. The required times for the dicing process and the number of defects afterwards are compared for various materials. Additionally the usability of ceramic materials for mechanical dicing is evaluated. After the dicing process the structure is filled with a passive polymer, grinded and metalized by physical vapor deposition. The different mechanical and thermal properties of the PZT ceramic and the epoxy filling result in high demands on the electrical interconnection of the composite material. Different methods are investigated. It shows that hot bar soldering is most suitable. A soldering process based on SnBi solder is optimized.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the ABL locus (9q34) (1991)

Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the ABL locus (9q34) Get access D.J. Kwiatkowski D.J. Kwiatkowski Massachusetts General Hospital, Hematology-Oncology UnitBldg. 149, 13th St., 8 West, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 4, 25 February 1991, Page 967, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.4.967-a Published: 25 February 1991
Influence of surface defects on the nucleation and growth of thin discontinuous gold films (1990)

In the past, several research groups have studied the nucleation and growth of thin metal films on various substrates. The results may be interpreted using the kinetic nucleation model proposed by Zinsmeister. In this theory the formation of crystallites is described as a two-dimensional polymerization process caused by atoms diffusing on the substrate surface. Biatomic and larger molecules are assumed to be immobile. Velfe et al. and Robins demonstrated a reduction of the number density of crystallites if the bombardment of the substrate surface with charged particles arising from the evaporation source is avoided. In the present paper the influence of charged particles on the nucleation process is studied systematically. Nucleation experiments are performed on the nearly defect-free cleavage planes of alkali halides along with investigations of surfaces damaged by electron irradiation. The results show that the kinetic nucleation model used in the past is not applicable.
The Function of the NC1 Domains in Type IV Collagen (1995)

At its C terminus, the collagen IV molecule bears a globular NC1 domain, to which two functions have been assigned. In the macromolecular network of collagen IV, two molecules are connected via their NC1 domains, which form a hexameric complex, stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds. In addition, the NC1 domains are thought to be responsible for chain selection and assembly. In order to understand the role of the NC1 domains during these steps, hexameric complexes were isolated and further investigated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot revealed disulfide-linked alpha 1 (IV)NC1 and alpha 2(IV)NC1 homodimers but no heterodimers. The hexamers were dissociated at low pH, separated into monomers and dimers, and submitted to reconstitution experiments. Only alpha 1(IV)NC1 dimers were able to reconstitute a hexameric complex. alpha(IV)-NC1 and alpha 2(IV)NC1 monomers as well as the alpha 2(IV)NC1 dimers showed only a low tendency to form complexes. It is assumed that during formation of the collagen IV network, lateral aggregation of the molecules via the triple helical domains brings the C termini of two molecules into close vicinity and that subsequently the weak interactions observed between the NC1 subdomains provide the correct alignment for a disulfide exchange. It is, however, questionable whether the low affinity between the NC1 subdomains alone is sufficient for chain assembly and alignment of the alpha(IV) chains before molecule formation.
Homeobox A9 Transcriptionally Regulates the EphB4 Receptor to Modulate Endothelial Cell Migration and Tube Formation (2004)

Homeobox genes (Hox) encode for transcription factors, which regulate cell proliferation and migration and play an important role in the development of the cardiovascular system during embryogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of HoxA9 for endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro and identified a novel target gene, the EphB4 receptor. Inhibition of HoxA9 expression decreased endothelial cell tube formation and inhibited endothelial cell migration, suggesting that HoxA9 regulates angiogenesis. Because Eph receptor tyrosine kinases importantly contribute to angiogenesis, we examined whether HoxA9 may transcriptionally regulate the expression of EphB4. Downregulation of HoxA9 reduced the expression of EphB4. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation revealed that HoxA9 interacted with the EphB4 promoter, whereas a deletion construct of HoxA9 without DNA-binding motif (Delta(aa) 206-272) did not bind. Consistently, HoxA9 wild-type overexpression activated the EphB4 promoter as determined by reporter gene expression. HoxA9 binds to the EphB4 promoter and stimulates its expression resulting in an increase of endothelial cell migration and tube forming activity. Thus, modulation of EphB4 expression may contribute to the proangiogenic effect of HoxA9 in endothelial cells.
Epidemiology of Status Epilepticus (1995)

Summary: This study presents a review of the epidemiology of status epilepticus (SE) in Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A. The data summarize some of the first population-based information on the natural presentation of SE in a controlled community setting. SE occurred with an absolute incidence rate of 41 patients per 100,000 residents per year in Richmond. The frequency of total SE occurrences was 50 patients per 100,000 residents per year. Overall mortality in this population was 22%. Absolute incidence and occurrences of SE in this population were shown to be underestimates due to the inability, for multiple reasons, to document all cases of SE. Based on the Richmond data, the number of SE cases, frequencies of occurrence, and deaths per year occurring in the United States were estimated to be 102,000-152,000, 125,000-195,000, and 22,000-42,000, respectively. In Richmond, nonwhites had a much higher incidence of SE than did whites. Partial SE was the most common form of seizure initiating SE. Age and etiology were also found to contribute to mortality. Infants <1 year of age had the highest incidence of SE, but the elderly population represented the largest number of SE cases. This study provides a review of the first prospective, population-based, epidemiological data on SE and shows that SE is a major medical and neurological emergency in both academic and community hospital settings.
Differential expression of transforming growth factor-alpha during prenatal development of the mouse. (1985)

Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are differentially expressed in the mouse during neonatal development. Highest levels are seen early at Day 7, and lower levels, at Day 13. Both small- and large-molecular-weight forms of TGF are found; they share many biochemical properties with rat TGF-alpha, including a similar high-pressure liquid chromatography elution profile. Although the embryo-derived activities compete with epidermal growth factor for binding to epidermal growth factor membrane receptors, they are immunologically distinct from epidermal growth factor. These embryonic polypeptides, however, do cross-react in a competitive radioimmunoassay developed using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy-17 amino acids of rat TGF-alpha as the immunogen. The highly conserved TGF-alpha family of peptides produced by some tumor cells may therefore represent derepressed forms of these embryonic growth factors. A functional role in neonatal development is proposed.
Initiation factors that bind mRNA. A comparison of mammalian factors with wheat germ factors. (1988)

Three mammalian eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) are required for the ATP-dependent binding of mRNA to the 40 S ribosomal subunit. These three factors, eIF-4A, eIF-4B, and eIF-4F, have also been isolated from wheat germ. Three assays were used to measure the ability of the wheat germ factors to interact with and/or substitute for the mammalian factors. Two assay systems were used to measure partial reactions involving the interaction of the three factors, ATP, and mRNA: 1) RNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis and 2) cross-linking of the factors to the 5' cap of oxidized mRNA. A third assay system was used to measure the ability of the factors to support initiation of protein synthesis. The results of the ATP hydrolysis and cross-linking experiments indicate that the wheat germ factors can interact with or substitute for the mammalian factors. Wheat germ eIF-4A appears to be functionally equivalent to mammalian eIF-4A. Wheat germ eIF-4B and eIF-4F appear to be isozymes possessing functions similar to mammalian eIF-4F. Wheat germ eIF-4B does not appear to be a functional equivalent to the mammalian eIF-4B. In a complete translation system from wheat germ, mammalian factors partially substitute for wheat germ factors, whereas the wheat germ factors are ineffective in the mammalian system.
A New Codon 15 Rhodopsin Gene Mutation in Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Associated With Sectorial Disease (1993)

A codon 15 rhodopsin gene mutation caused retinitis pigmentosa in the pedigree studied. There may be an association between intradiscal rhodopsin gene mutations and sectorial forms of retinitis pigmentosa.
Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors by Targeting Extra Domain B Fibronectin: Identification of the Best-Suited Radioimmunoconjugate (2005)

Compared with other L19-based radioimmunoconjugates, I-131-L19-SIP is characterized by superior antitumor efficacy and toxicity profile in the F9 teratocarcinoma animal model. These results indicate that ED-B fibronectin-targeted radioimmunotherapy using I-131-L19-SIP has potential to be applied to treatment of solid cancers.
Ventral Brain Stem Compression in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Chiari I Malformations (1999)

Patients with a pB-C2 measurement of less than 9 mm do not require treatment directed at VBSC. In select patients with pB-C2 measurements of 9 mm or greater, reduction of VBSC may be prudent before posterior fossa decompression.
Pharmacokinetics of a new transdermal testosterone gel in gonadotrophin-suppressed normal men (2002)

Testosterone replacement treatment with 5.0 g of this 2.5% testosterone gel is able to achieve constant physiological testosterone concentrations in gonadotrophin-suppressed men. Washing the skin after 10 min does not influence the pharmacokinetic profile and thus significantly reduces the risk of contamination of female partners or infants.
Induction of natural killer cell migration by monocyte chemotactic protein−1, −2 and −3 (1994)

Under certain physiological and pathological conditions, natural killer (NK) cells rapidly accumulate in tissues. Chemokines are an essential component of the current paradigm of leukocyte recruitment. The present study was designed to investigate the responsiveness of NK cells to the prototypic C-C chemokine, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 induced migration across filters of interleukin (IL)-2-activated NK cells, whereas it was a weak attractant for unstimulated cells. Maximal induction of migration required a positive concentration gradient between the lower and the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber. Preliminary characterization of the MCP-1 receptor on NK cells indicated that the chemotactic response to MCP-1 was blocked by pre-treatment of cells with Bordetella pertussis toxin, and MCP-1 but not IL-8 displaced 125I-labeled MCP-1 from IL-2-activated NK cells. The related chemokines MCP-2 and MCP-3 were also active--though less potent--attractants for activated NK cells. Thus the spectrum of action of MCP-1, -2 and -3 encompasses NK cells and chemokines are likely to play a role in regulating extravasation of these cells.
Bilateral behavioral and regional cerebral blood flow changes during painful peripheral mononeuropathy in the rat (2000)

A unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve produced bilateral effects in both pain related behaviors and in the pattern of forebrain activation. All CCI animals exhibited spontaneous pain-related behaviors as well as bilateral hyperalgesia and allodynia after CCI. Further, we identified changes in baseline (unstimulated) forebrain activation patterns 2 weeks following CCI by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Compared to controls, CCI consistently produced detectable, well-localized and typically bilateral increases in rCBF within multiple forebrain structures in unstimulated animals. For example, the hindlimb region of somatosensory cortex was significantly activated (22%) as well as multiple thalamc nuclei, including the ventral medial (8%), ventral posterior lateral (10%) and the posterior (9%) nuclear groups. In addition, several forebrain regions considered to be part of the limbic system showed pain-induced changes in rCBF, including the anterior dorsal nucleus of the thalamus (23%), cingulate cortex (18%), retrosplenial cortex (30%), habenular complex (53%), interpeduncular nucleus (45%) and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (30%). Our results suggest that bilateral somatosensory and limbic forebrain structures participate in the neural mechanisms of prolonged persistent pain produced by a unilateral injury.
Increased expression of β‐catenin predicts better prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (2002)

These results indicate that, in NSCLCs, increased expression of beta-catenin can predict favorable prognosis of patients with resected tumors, suggesting that accumulation of beta-catenin has no or little oncogenic effect via activation of the Wnt pathway, unlike in colon carcinomas or hepatomas.