gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performances 3D Damascene MIM Capacitors Integrated in Copper Back-End Technologies (2006)

RF and analog designs require high performances MIM capacitors. In order to continue downscaling of MIM devices, we have developed and integrated a 3D damascene MIM capacitor in the copper back-end of a 0.13 mum BICMOS technology. Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> has been used as dielectric to reach excellent performances for a 5 fF/mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> capacitance density in term of leakage current, voltage linearity, dielectric relaxation, and reliability. This 3D architecture is a very promising candidate to carry on capacitance density increase.
Abnormal Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

Type 2 diabetic patients with apparently normal cardiac function have impaired myocardial and skeletal muscle energy metabolism related to changes in circulating metabolic substrates.
Long-Term Potentiation Induced by θ Frequency Stimulation Is Regulated by a Protein Phosphatase-1-Operated Gate (2000)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) can be induced in the Schaffer collateral-->CA1 synapse of hippocampus by stimulation in the theta frequency range (5-12 Hz), an effect that depends on activation of the cAMP pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of the cAMP contribution to this form of LTP in the rat hippocampal slice preparation. theta pulse stimulation (TPS; 150 stimuli at 10 Hz) by itself did not induce LTP, but the addition of either the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) enabled TPS-induced LTP. The isoproterenol effect was blocked by postsynaptic inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Several lines of evidence indicated that cAMP enabled LTP by blocking postsynaptic protein phosphatase-1 (PP1). Activators of the cAMP pathway reduced PP1 activity in the CA1 region and increased the active form of inhibitor-1, an endogenous inhibitor of PP1. Postsynaptic injection of activated inhibitor-1 mimicked the LTP-enabling effect of cAMP pathway stimulation. TPS evoked complex spiking when isoproterenol was present. However, complex spiking was not sufficient to enable TPS-induced LTP, which additionally required the inhibition of postsynaptic PP1. PP1 inhibition seems to promote the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), because (1) a CaMKII inhibitor blocked the induction of LTP by TPS paired with either isoproterenol or activated inhibitor-1 and (2) CaMKII in area CA1 was activated by the combination of TPS and 8-Br-cAMP but not by either stimulus alone. These results indicate that the cAMP pathway enables TPS-induced LTP by inhibiting PP1, thereby enhancing Ca(2+)-independent CaMKII activity.
<title>Visual servoing based on ellipse features</title> (1993)

The work presented here focuses on the problem of positioning a mechanical structure with respect to a deep underwater bore-hole by using a visual servoing approach. First, we briefly recall a paradigm we have been using as a theoretical framework for implementing visual servoing tasks. Then, we apply this general formalism to our particular case where the visual features are two ellipses perceived in the image which correspond to the projection of two circles bounding the bore-hole in the scene. The last part is devoted to implementation aspects. We show some results which have been obtained both in simulation and on our testbed consisting of a 6 degrees-of-freedom arm with a camera mounted on its end effector. Among implementation aspects, the control loop sampling rate is the most crucial issue. In a vision- based control approach, we have to deal with strong real-time constraints in terms of image processing in order to ensure performances and stability of the closed loop control scheme. To solve this problem, we have designed a new parallel machine vision architecture fully adapted to vision-based control approaches and able to achieve real-time video rate performances for the servoing loop.
Retroactive answering of search queries (2006)

Major search engines currently use the history of a user's actions (e.g., queries, clicks) to personalize search results. In this paper, we present a new personalized service, query-specific web recommendations (QSRs), that retroactively answers queries from a user's history as new results arise. The QSR system addresses two important subproblems with applications beyond the system itself: (1) Automatic identification of queries in a user's history that represent standing interests and unfulfilled needs. (2) Effective detection of interesting new results to these queries. We develop a variety of heuristics and algorithms to address these problems, and evaluate them through a study of Google history users. Our results strongly motivate the need for automatic detection of standing interests from a user's history, and identifies the algorithms that are most useful in doing so. Our results also identify the algorithms, some which are counter-intuitive, that are most useful in identifying interesting new results for past queries, allowing us to achieve very high precision over our data set.
RNA–protein analysis using a conditional CRISPR nuclease (2013)

RNA-binding proteins control the fate and function of the transcriptome in all cells. Here we present technology for isolating RNA-protein partners efficiently and accurately using an engineered clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) endoribonuclease. An inactive version of the Csy4 nuclease binds irreversibly to transcripts engineered with a 16-nt hairpin sequence at their 5' ends. Once immobilized by Csy4 on a solid support, contaminating proteins and other molecules can be removed by extensive washing. Upon addition of imidazole, Csy4 is activated to cleave the RNA, removing the hairpin tag and releasing the native transcript along with its specifically bound protein partners. This conditional Csy4 enzyme enables recovery of specific RNA-binding partners with minimal false-positive contamination. We use this method, coupled with quantitative MS, to identify cell type-specific human pre-microRNA-binding proteins. We also show that this technology is suitable for analyzing diverse size transcripts, and that it is suitable for adaptation to a high-throughput discovery format.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia in human APOC1 transgenic mice is caused by apoC-I-induced inhibition of LPL (2004)

Studies in humans and mice have shown that increased expression of apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I) results in combined hyperlipidemia with a more pronounced effect on triglycerides (TGs) compared with total cholesterol (TC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the main reason for this effect using human apoC-I-expressing (APOC1) mice. Moderate plasma human apoC-I levels (i.e., 4-fold higher than human levels) caused a 12-fold increase in TG, along with a 2-fold increase in TC, mainly confined to VLDL. Cross-breeding of APOC1 mice on an apoE-deficient background resulted in a marked 55-fold increase in TG, confirming that the apoC-I-induced hyperlipidemia cannot merely be attributed to blockade of apoE-recognizing hepatic lipoprotein receptors. The plasma half-life of [3H]TG-VLDL-mimicking particles was 2-fold increased in APOC1 mice, suggesting that apoC-I reduces the lipolytic conversion of VLDL. Although total postheparin plasma LPL activity was not lower in APOC1 mice compared with controls, apoC-I was able to dose-dependently inhibit the LPL-mediated lipolysis of [3H]TG-VLDL-mimicking particles in vitro with a 60% efficiency compared with the main endogenous LPL inhibitor apoC-III. Finally, purified apoC-I impaired the clearance of [3H]TG-VLDL-mimicking particles independent of apoE-mediated hepatic uptake in lactoferrin-treated mice. Therefore, we conclude that apoC-I is a potent inhibitor of LPL-mediated TG-lipolysis.
Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the alpha 7‐nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) locus and schizophrenia in Azorean families* (2001)

Recent studies have suggested that the alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) is involved in P50 auditory sensory gating deficits, and the genomic locus for this gene lies in the chromosome 15q13-14 regions. The human gene is partially duplicated (exons 5-10) with four novel upstream exons. The marker D15S1360 has been shown to be significantly linked with the phenotype of abnormal P50 suppression in schizophrenia families. The marker L76630 is 3 kb in the 3' direction from the last exon of the CHRNA7 gene and is located in the duplicated region. The function of the two L76630 copies is unknown. We genotyped three polymorphic markers D15S1360, D15S165, and L76630 that are localized in a genomic fragment containing the CHRNA7 in 31 Azorean schizophrenia families/trios (including 41 schizophrenia individuals and 97 unaffected families members). An overall analysis utilizing the family-based association test revealed significant linkage disequilibrium between L76630 and schizophrenia (P = 0.0004). Using the extended transmission disequilibrium test and limiting the analysis to one triad per family, transmission disequilibrium of D15S1360 was near significance (P = 0.078). The 15q13 region overlaps with the location of two well-known genomically imprinted disorders: Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Therefore, we investigated maternal and paternal meioses. We found significant transmission disequilibrium for D15S1360 through paternal transmission (P = 0.0006) in our schizophrenia families. The L76630 marker showed a significant disequilibrium in maternal transmissions (P = 0.028). No parent-of-origin effect was found in D15S165. Overall, our results suggest that the CHRNA7 may play a role in schizophrenia in these families. A parent of origin effect may be present and requires further study.
Base pairing involving deoxyinosine: implications for probe design (1985)

The thermal stability of oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes containing deoxyinosine (I) residues matched with each of the four normal DNA bases were determined by optical melting techniques. The duplexes containing at least one I were obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of an oligonucleotide of sequence dCA3XA3G with one of sequence dCT3YT3G where X and Y were A, C, G, T, or I. Comparison of optical melting curves yielded relative stabilities for the I-containing standard base pairs in an otherwise identical base-pair sequence. I:C pairs were found to be less stable than A:T pairs in these duplexes. Large neighboring-base effects upon stability were observed. For example, when (X,Y) = (I,A), the duplex is eight-fold more stable than when (X,Y) = (A,I). Independent of sequence effects the order of stabilities is: I:C greater than I:A greater than I:T congruent to I:G. This order differs from that of deoxyguanosine which pairs less strongly with dA; otherwise each deoxyinosine base pair is less stable than its deoxyguanosine counterpart in the same sequence environment. Implications of these results for design of DNA oligonucleotide probes are discussed.
1.5 TXPS convolver using 5b analog flash for real-time large-kernel image filtering (2002)

An analog convolution chip for real-time image filtering with large convolution kernels accepts 2k 1b inputs that can be configured as 2-D sub-images of different sizes and depths, from 64/spl times/32/spl times/1b to 12/spl times/32/spl times/5b. 256 kernels of 2k values each are stored in an analog Flash-EEPROM array. Each kernel element (synapse) consists of 6 bits (5 bits + sign) stored as 5b analog values on a pair of Flash-EEPROM devices. The chip maintains 3 MHz throughput, corresponding to 1.5 TCPS. Convolution with large 2-D kernels allows complex image features to be detected directly, increasing system throughput. The chip is programmed with kernels able to detect road lines (boundaries) and is able to filter road images at video rates (15 Frames/s).
Targeting Protein Kinase CK2 Suppresses Prosurvival Signaling Pathways and Growth of Glioblastoma (2013)

CK2 inhibitors may be considered for treatment of patients with glioblastoma.
Breaking the In Vitro Alveolar Type II Cell Proliferation Barrier while Retaining Ion Transport Properties (2013)

Alveolar type (AT)I and ATII cells are central to maintaining normal alveolar fluid homeostasis. When disrupted, they contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Research on ATII cells has been limited by the inability to propagate primary cells in vitro to study their specific functional properties. Moreover, primary ATII cells in vitro quickly transdifferentiate into nonproliferative "ATI-like" cells under traditional culture conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that normal and tumor cells grown in culture with a combination of fibroblast (feeder cells) and a pharmacological Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) exhibit indefinite cell proliferation that resembled a "conditionally reprogrammed cell" phenotype. Using this coculture system, we found that primary human ATII cells (1) proliferated at an exponential rate, (2) established epithelial colonies expressing ATII-specific and "ATI-like" mRNA and proteins after serial passage, (3) up-regulated genes important in cell proliferation and migration, and (4) on removal of feeder cells and Rho kinase inhibitor under air-liquid interface conditions, exhibited bioelectric and volume transport characteristics similar to freshly cultured ATII cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that this novel coculture technique breaks the in vitro ATII cell proliferation barrier while retaining cell-specific functional properties. This work will allow for a significant increase in studies designed to elucidate ATII cell function with the goal of accelerating the development of novel therapies for alveolar diseases.
The Pathology of Vitreous Hemorrhage (1978)

• Vitreous hemorrhages were induced in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of 0.2 ml of autogenous whole blood, and the progressive reabsorption of the blood from the vitreous was followed by ophthalmoscopy, gross pathological examination, and histology. On gross examination, the blood clot remained as a discrete mass for four to six weeks, after which it became considerably reduced in size. The presence of blood exerted severe destructive effects on the gel structure of the vitreous, including posterior detachment of the solid vitreous, liquefaction of the gel, the appearance of prominent vitreous bands, and the formation of a pseudocapsule by the detached vitreous around the blood clot. Small blood deposits remained in several eyes for many weeks. The inflammatory response to intravitreal blood as seen by histology was unusual in several respects. The cellular reaction was low grade, and in particular no polymorphonuclear cells were observed, only mononuclear cells. Aggregates of round cells or multinucleate giant cells were found in association with intact unphagocytosed RBCs after many weeks, which may indicate that macrophages within the vitreous were inefficient. No fibrosis occurred in the rabbit vitreous even with long-standing residual vitreous blood deposits. It is suggested that fibrosis is an unusual sequel to vitreous hemorrhage and is associated with ocular diseases in which vitreous hemorrhage may be an incidental occurrence.
The Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Fatty Acid Synthase (2008)

Mammalian fatty acid synthase is a large multienzyme that catalyzes all steps of fatty acid synthesis. We have determined its crystal structure at 3.2 angstrom resolution covering five catalytic domains, whereas the flexibly tethered terminal acyl carrier protein and thioesterase domains remain unresolved. The structure reveals a complex architecture of alternating linkers and enzymatic domains. Substrate shuttling is facilitated by flexible tethering of the acyl carrier protein domain and by the limited contact between the condensing and modifying portions of the multienzyme, which are mainly connected by linkers rather than direct interaction. The structure identifies two additional nonenzymatic domains: (i) a pseudo-ketoreductase and (ii) a peripheral pseudo-methyltransferase that is probably a remnant of an ancestral methyltransferase domain maintained in some related polyketide synthases. The structural comparison of mammalian fatty acid synthase with modular polyketide synthases shows how their segmental construction allows the variation of domain composition to achieve diverse product synthesis.
Stoichiometric photolabeling of two distinct low and high affinity nucleotide sites in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. (1985)

Highly purified 3'-arylazido-ATP (aATP) was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. In the dark, this photoactivatable ATP analog was a competitive inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by purified sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ATPase with a Ki of 10 microM. The analog itself was hydrolyzed by the enzyme in the dark. A biphasic curve of velocity of hydrolysis of the analog versus aATP concentration was obtained, indicating the presence of high and low affinity sites with K0.5 of approximately 10 microM and 300 microM, respectively. Upon irradiation with visible light, a biphasic curve was obtained for the level of covalent photolabeling of the enzyme versus [beta-32P]aATP concentrations. Levels of 6.5-9 nmol of analog/mg of protein and 20-22 nmol of analog/mg of protein were obtained when labeling with 20-30 or with 400 microM aATP, respectively, showing the existence of 1 mol of high affinity sites/mol of ATPase and 1-1.5 mol of low affinity sites/mol of enzyme. The rate of light-dependent incorporation of [beta-32P]aATP was decreased by the presence of ATP, Pi, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidene-ATP, or Ca2+ in the illumination media. Photolabeling of the high affinity sites had little effect on the velocity of ATP hydrolysis but significantly inhibited the splitting of additional aATP added in the dark. Photolabeling the low affinity sites caused irreversible inhibition of the ATPase activity. The inhibition was prevented by having ATP in the illumination medium, which protected it from labeling. Gel filtration chromatography in the presence of detergent showed that radioactive photolabel was incorporated in the SR ATPase protein. The results indicate that aATP is a useful tool for stoichiometrically labeling and probing the nucleotide binding domains of the SR ATPase.
Clinical-Neuropathological Correlations in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (1994)

Clinicians accurately predicted AD pathological findings or their absence in most cases. Attributing other degenerative dementias to AD, misdiagnosing patients with combined AD and Lewy bodies and misjudging the vascular contribution to dementia were the major areas of inaccuracy. Formal criteria for dementia associated with non-AD lesions, Lewy bodies, and infarcts need to be developed and tested.
Unconditional differentially private mechanisms for linear queries (2012)

We investigate the problem of designing differentially private mechanisms for a set of d linear queries over a database, while adding as little error as possible. Hardt and Talwar [HT10] related this problem to geometric properties of a convex body defined by the set of queries and gave a O(log3 d)-approximation to the minimum l22 error, assuming a conjecture from convex geometry called the Slicing or Hyperplane conjecture. In this work we give a mechanism that works unconditionally, and also gives an improved O(log2 d) approximation to the expected l22 error. We remove the dependence on the Slicing conjecture by using a result of Klartag [Kla06] that shows that any convex body is close to one for which the conjecture holds; our main contribution is in making this result constructive by using recent techniques of Dadush, Peikert and Vempala [DPV10]. The improvement in approximation ratio relies on a stronger lower bound we derive on the optimum. This new lower bound goes beyond the packing argument that has traditionally been used in Differential Privacy and allows us to add the packing lower bounds obtained from orthogonal subspaces. We are able to achieve this via a symmetrization argument which argues that there always exists a near optimal differentially private mechanism which adds noise that is independent of the input database! We believe this result should be of independent interest, and also discuss some interesting consequences.
Half Someone Else's: Discourse and Trauma in the PNES Patient (2013)

This article is about patients suffering from Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES), and the way they talk about their seizures. In terms of founding questions, data, and insight, it owes a tremendous intellectual debt to the “Listening to People with Seizures” project at the University of Sheffield, UK. The PNES diagnosis is notoriously difficult to make. Taking patients at their word is a general principle of medical ethics. But it is particularly urgent in the case of PNES patients, whom physicians have been shown to markedly distrust and for whom the physician-patient relationship can easily erode (Decoster 2010; Kanaan, Armstrong, Barnes and Wessely 2009; Kinetz 2006; Plug and Reuber 2009; Shneker and Elliott 2008). One of the consequences of that erosion is that PNES patients fail to get the treatment they need. My interpretation encourages us to look more closely at the natural history of traumatic experience and that of seizure. More immediately, it suggests that healthcare professionals are wrong to treat PNES’ modes of discourse as merely manipulative. They have a responsibility to regard them as particular symptoms of the PNES disorder, not only because work like LTPWS has demonstrated patient history as a robust diagnostic tool, but because listening to these patients may tell us something about disease etiology. By failing to do so, they do these patients a disservice.
Use Of Wavefront Curvature To Relate Seismic Data With Subsurface Parameters (1973)

Abstract A Dix-type formula relating the normal moveout velocity (VNMO) to the parameters of a two-dimensional, dipping bed, multilayered model of the earth is discussed. The formula results from (1) showing that the VNMO is related to the radius of curvature of the wavefront emerging at the surface after reflection from some interior horizon, and (2) expressing this radius in terms of the parameters of the earth model. An example with severely dipping layers is used to compute the VNMO from the formula, which is then compared to the value of moveout velocity obtained from a synthetic velocity gather generated at the same point in the model.