gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waveguide Electroabsorption Modulator on Si Employing Ge/SiGe Quantum Wells (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text O. Fidaner, A. K. Okyay, J. E. Roth, Y. Kuo, K. C. Saraswat, J. S. Harris, and D. A. B. Miller, "Waveguide Electroabsorption Modulator on Si Employing Ge/SiGe Quantum Wells," in Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper FMC2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Biliary Glycoprotein I (BGP I), a CEA‐crossreactive Substance: Purification and Properties (1978)

A CEA‐crossreactive substance was purified from human bile. It was termed biliary glycoprotein I (BGPI). The molecular weight of BGP I is about 90,000. The protein part is made up of a single polypeptide chain with a composition similar to that of CEA and NCA. BGP I contains the same monosaccharides as CEA and NCA and shows a similar lectin reactivity. BGP I has antigenic determinants in common with CEA and NCA. In addition it contains unique determinants.
Identification of target genes within an amplicon at 14q12‐q13 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2001)

Comparative genomic hybridization studies have revealed frequent amplification of the 14q12-q13 region in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC) cell lines. To identify genes targeted for amplification, we first defined the minimal common region of amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization in affected ESC cell lines. The amplicon covered about 6 Mb, between markers D14S1034 and L18528. Then we screened 32 ESC cell lines to discern amplifications and expression levels of 26 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that had been localized to the amplified region. Five known genes (BAZ1A, SRP54, NFKBIA, MBIP, and HNF3A) and two uncharacterized ESTs (GenBank Accession numbers AA991861 and AA167732) within the amplicon showed amplification and consequent overexpression. Two of these transcripts were amplified in three of the primary ESCs we examined. Our findings suggest that these seven genes are candidate targets of the amplification mechanism and therefore may be associated, together or separately, with development and progression of ESC.
CVD Epitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC on Porous SiC Substrates (2006)

Hot-wall chemical vapor deposition has been used to epitaxially grow SiC layers on porous n-type 4H-SiC substrates. The growth was carried out at different speeds on porous layers of two different thicknesses. The quality of the SiC films was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence techniques. Based on the measurements, both the growth speed and the thickness of the porous layer buried underneath the epilayers do not appear to influence the structural integrity of the films. The intensity of the near bandedge low temperature photoluminescence appears stronger by a factor of two in films grown on porous layers.
High Levels of Transduction of Human Dendritic Cells with Optimized SIV Vectors (2002)

As major antigen-presenting cells and effectors in the maintenance of tolerance, dendritic cells (DCs) are key cells of the immune system and can thus be envisioned to have roles in immunotherapy strategies. We, and others, previously showed that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-derived lentiviral vectors were able to deliver a gene into human differentiated DCs. We describe here the upgrading of the SIV vector system and the improvements of the transduction protocol, which allowed us to transduce more than 90% of human monocyte-derived DCs. We developed new SIV lentiviral vectors carrying SIV splice regulatory elements and either the woodchuck hepatitis virus regulatory element (WPRE) or the murine phosphoglycerate-kinase 1 (PGK) promoter. We show that insertion of the WPRE in the SIV vector is detrimental to gene transfer in DCs, while this sequence increases transgene expression in 293T cells. Using an optimized SIV vector, high levels of transgene expression were obtained in more than 30% of human DCs at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, and close to 100% using a MOI of 20. VSV-G pseudotyped vectors generated with only gag, pol, tat, and rev helper functions failed to transduce DCs. This defect was completely rescued when the SIV accessory gene vpx was provided in trans in vector-producing cells. Genetically modified DCs were shown to behave as bona fide DCs in both allogenic and autologous mixed leukocyte reactions. These findings allow us to propose an optimal system for efficient and safe DC transduction with improved SIV vectors.
Digestion and Balance Techniques in Pigs (2000)

I. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................903 II. Methodological Considerations ............................................................................................904
Treatment of severe staphylococcal infections with a rifampicin-minocycline association (1984)

During an outbreak, 25 severely impaired patients (mean age 62) presented with severe infections due to Staphylococcus aureus resistant to oxacillin and aminoglycosides. All strains were isolated in pure culture and diagnostic procedures included transtracheal puncture and bone biopsy. Median MICs were: oxacillin 50 mg/l, gentamicin 12.5 mg/l, tetracycline 25 gm/l, vancomycin 0.195 mg/l, rifampicin 0.097 mg/l and minocycline 0.195 mg/l. All patients were treated with rifampicin (600 mg/day) and minocycline (200 mg or 400 mg/day) administered together intravenously or orally bid. Mean duration of treatment was 22 days (range 5 to 119). Overall results were 19/25 infections cured and one improved. Five were failures due mostly to emergence of Staph. aureus resistant to rifampicin. No side effects were noted. These preliminary results suggest that rifampicin plus minocycline may be useful in the treatment of severe infections due to multi-resistant Staph. aureus.
A Data mining approach for finding optimal discount of retail assortments (2008)

Due to the recent competition in the retailing industry, retailers are striving to improve their operations in order to run their stores more efficiently. One of the most important factors that encourages customers to buy products is discount. The effects of discount on sales have rarely been dealt with academically. Moreover, in few previous researches in this case, the temporal characteristics of product discount have not been noticed. The problem addressed in this paper is the consideration of products' discounts in discovering association rules in different time intervals that a specific discount appears on a specific product and finding optimal discount for each product with the aim of maximizing total profits. Additionally, experiments on real world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Embedded SRAM and Cortex-M0 Core Using a 60-nm Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor (2014)

Using data retention circuits that include crystalline oxide semiconductor transistors as backup circuits for power gating, a processor system can reduce standby leakage current significantly. This is effective in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require standby power reduction. The crystalline oxide semiconductor transistor can constitute a nonvolatile data retention circuit easily because it exhibits significantly lower off-state current than a silicon transistor and is highly compatible with a CMOS logic circuit. The backup circuit can achieve 2-clock-cycle data backup and 4-clock-cycle data restore; thus, the processor system can efficiently perform temporally fine-grained power gating and can achieve longer standby times. Furthermore, area overheads due to the backup circuits are kept very small because the crystalline oxide semiconductor transistors are stacked on silicon transistors.
Three T cell hybridomas do not contain detectable heavy chain variable gene transcripts. (1983)

We attempted to determine whether T cells express any VH gene segments. cDNA libraries were constructed from one suppressor and two helper T cell hybridomas. Both the library construction and screening were designed to maximize detection of a wide range of VH gene segments. One screening method should detect about half of the sequenced VH genes, while the second should detect most of these genes. The probability of detecting a VH gene homologous to the probes and present at 10 copies per cell was 77% for one helper cell cDNA library, 88% for the second helper cell library, and greater than 99% for the suppressor cell library. No cDNA clones with VH gene segments were detected. From this result, we conclude that VH gene segments are not likely to encode the antigen-specific receptor in the cells we tested.
Efficient Synthesis of Unimolecular Polymeric Janus Nanoparticles and Their Unique Self-Assembly Behavior in a Common Solvent (2008)

In this paper, we report a facile large-scale synthesis of the “smallest” (i.e., unimolecular) polymeric Janus nanoparticles from a polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-P2VP-b-PEO or SVEO) triblock copolymer by efficient intramolecular cross-linking of the middle P2VP block using 1,4-dibromobutane (DBB) in a common solvent, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), due to effective steric shielding of PS and PEO end blocks. Size-exclusion chromatography results indicated that intramolecular cross-linking of the middle P2VP block could take place when the polymer concentration was relatively high (20 mg/mL) and/or the DBB-to-2VP molar ratio was high. Dynamic and static light scattering experiments confirmed the unimolecular form for these polymeric Janus nanoparticles. After intramolecular cross-linking, DMF changed from a good to a slightly poor solvent, as evidenced by the negative apparent second Virial coefficient for the unimolecular Janus nanoparticles determined by SLS. As a result, concentration-dependent self-assembly in DMF was observed. At low concentrations (<2.0 mg/mL), the majority of the unimolecular polymeric Janus nanoparticles existed in the unimolecular form. When the concentration gradually increased, the unimolecular polymeric Janus nanoparticles started to aggregate into supermicelles (Rh = 50−100 nm), where PS formed the supercore and PEO formed the corona with cross-linked P2VP nanoparticles in between. The amphiphilic nature of these unimolecular Janus nanoparticles will enable us to study programmable and hierarchical self-assembly of asymmetrically modified polymeric nanoparticles in various solvents.
The Ethics of Early Evidence — Preparing for a Possible Breakthrough in Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

A recent study demonstrated, in a mouse model in one lab, that bexarotene (FDA-approved for use in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) is effective against Alzheimer's disease. What should physicians do if patients with Alzheimer's disease begin seeking off-label prescriptions?
P‐127: Linearity in Flat Panel Wedge Projection (2003)

Abstract Flat projection displays promise the convenience of a flat panel with the low manufacturing costs of projection. The displays can be made by pointing a video projector into the thick end of a wedge‐shaped piece of glass or acrylic, but it is important that the projected image be undistorted. It is shown here that paraxial wedge projection is linear, so that the projection lens can be designed using conventional lens shapes and combinations.
Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images (1984)

We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs distribution. Because of the Gibbs distribution, Markov random field (MRF) equivalence, this assignment also determines an MRF image model. The energy function is a more convenient and natural mechanism for embodying picture attributes than are the local characteristics of the MRF. For a range of degradation mechanisms, including blurring, nonlinear deformations, and multiplicative or additive noise, the posterior distribution is an MRF with a structure akin to the image model. By the analogy, the posterior distribution defines another (imaginary) physical system. Gradual temperature reduction in the physical system isolates low energy states (``annealing''), or what is the same thing, the most probable states under the Gibbs distribution. The analogous operation under the posterior distribution yields the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the image given the degraded observations. The result is a highly parallel ``relaxation'' algorithm for MAP estimation. We establish convergence properties of the algorithm and we experiment with some simple pictures, for which good restorations are obtained at low signal-to-noise ratios.
Physiologically relevant organs on chips (2013)

Recent advances in integrating microengineering and tissue engineering have generated promising microengineered physiological models for experimental medicine and pharmaceutical research. Here we review the recent development of microengineered physiological systems, or also known as "ogans-on-chips", that reconstitute the physiologically critical features of specific human tissues and organs and their interactions. This technology uses microengineering approaches to construct organ-specific microenvironments, reconstituting tissue structures, tissue-tissue interactions and interfaces, and dynamic mechanical and biochemical stimuli found in specific organs, to direct cells to assemble into functional tissues. We first discuss microengineering approaches to reproduce the key elements of physiologically important, dynamic mechanical microenvironments, biochemical microenvironments, and microarchitectures of specific tissues and organs in microfluidic cell culture systems. This is followed by examples of microengineered individual organ models that incorporate the key elements of physiological microenvironments into single microfluidic cell culture systems to reproduce organ-level functions. Finally, microengineered multiple organ systems that simulate multiple organ interactions to better represent human physiology, including human responses to drugs, is covered in this review. This emerging organs-on-chips technology has the potential to become an alternative to 2D and 3D cell culture and animal models for experimental medicine, human disease modeling, drug development, and toxicology.
Buffered Fourier domain mode locking: unidirectional swept laser sources for optical coherence tomography imaging at 370,000 lines/s (2006)

We describe buffered Fourier domain mode locking (FDML), a technique for tailoring the output and multiplying the sweep rate of FDML lasers. Buffered FDML can be used to create unidirectional wavelength sweeps from the normal bidirectional sweeps in an FDML laser without sacrificing sweep rate. We also investigate the role of the laser source in dynamic range versus sensitivity performance in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Unidirectional sweep rates of 370 kHz over a 100 nm range at a center wavelength of 1300 nm are achieved. High-speed, swept-source OCT is demonstrated at record speeds of up to 370,000 axial scans per second.
Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms and Treatment Options (2003)

Abstract: Neuropathic pain results from damage to the nervous system. The diseases responsible for neuropathic pain are diverse but they may have in common pathophysiological mechanisms. This review will focus on these mechanisms both in the peripheral as well as within the central nervous system. In addition, there will be discussion on the various treatment choices including both pharamcological and interventional options.
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Cataract Surgery with Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

About one-third of people in the developed world will undergo cataract surgery in their lifetime. Although marked improvements in surgical technique have occurred since the development of the current approach to lens replacement in the late 1960s and early 1970s, some critical steps of the procedure can still only be executed with limited precision. Current practice requires manual formation of an opening in the anterior lens capsule, fragmentation and evacuation of the lens tissue with an ultrasound probe, and implantation of a plastic intraocular lens into the remaining capsular bag. The size, shape, and position of the anterior capsular opening (one of the most critical steps in the procedure) are controlled by freehand pulling and tearing of the capsular tissue. Here, we report a technique that improves the precision and reproducibility of cataract surgery by performing anterior capsulotomy, lens segmentation, and corneal incisions with a femtosecond laser. The placement of the cuts was determined by imaging the anterior segment of the eye with integrated optical coherence tomography. Femtosecond laser produced continuous anterior capsular incisions, which were twice as strong and more than five times as precise in size and shape than manual capsulorhexis. Lens segmentation and softening simplified its emulsification and removal, decreasing the perceived cataract hardness by two grades. Three-dimensional cutting of the cornea guided by diagnostic imaging creates multiplanar self-sealing incisions and allows exact placement of the limbal relaxing incisions, potentially increasing the safety and performance of cataract surgery.
Periostin shows increased evolutionary plasticity in its alternatively spliced region (2010)

Our results, obtained with the help of the increasingly large collection of complete vertebrate genomes, document the evolutionary plasticity of periostin's C-terminal region, and for the first time suggest a basis for its functional role.
A muscle-specific enhancer is located at the 3' end of the myosin light-chain 1/3 gene locus. (1988)

Two skeletal myosin light chains, MLC1 and MLC3, are generated from a single gene by transcription from two different promoters and alternate splicing of the pre-mRNAs. To define DNA sequences involved in MLC transcriptional control, we constructed a series of plasmid vectors in which segments of the rat MLC locus were linked to a CAT gene and assayed for expression in muscle and nonmuscle cells. Whereas sequences proximal to the two MLC promoters do not appear to contain tissue-specific regulatory elements, a 0.9-kb DNA segment, located greater than 24 kb downstream of the MLC1 promoter, dramatically increases CAT gene expression in differentiated myotubes but not in undifferentiated myoblasts or nonmuscle cells. The ability of this segment to activate gene expression to high levels, in a distance-, promoter-, position-, and orientation-independent way, defines it as a strong muscle-specific enhancer element.
Incorporation and distribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids into cellular phospholipids. (1992)

The different regioisomers of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase are readily esterified into phospholipids of mastocytoma cells. Incorporation of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid was concentration-dependent, with Km = 1.1 microM and Vmax = 36 pmol/min/10(7) cells. Half-maximal incorporation occurred in 30 min, reaching a steady-state concentration of 470 pmol/10(6) cells. This was slightly lower than the values for arachidonic acid (665 pmol/10(6) cells) or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (554 pmol/10(6) cells). The distribution of 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid was preferential in the order phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than phosphatidylinositol greater than phosphatidyl serine much greater than neutral lipids plus fatty acids. This contrasted with 5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, which was distributed primarily into phosphatidylcholine. Fast atom bombardment/tandem mass spectrometry facilitated identification of molecular species containing epoxyeicosatrienoic acids without relying on radioisotopes. Phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens with 16:1 or 18:2 at the sn-1 position, or an 18:0 acyl group, and phosphatidylcholine with 16:0 alkyl ether or an acyl group at the sn-1 position incorporated all possible epoxyeicosatrienoic acid regioisomers. Under basal conditions, cells eliminated 14,15-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid slowly with a half-life of 34.9 +/- 7 h. Cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 eliminated 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid rapidly. It was notable that its rate of release from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol exceeded that for arachidonic acid. A coenzyme A-independent transacylase also catalyzed the transfer of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids from mastocytoma cell membranes into 1-palmitoyl-2-lysophosphatidylcholine. The cellular incorporation, release, and distribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is distinctive and contrasts with most other eicosanoids, suggesting that these compounds may have both autocoid and nonautocoid functions.
All-fiber spectrometer based on speckle pattern reconstruction (2013)

A standard multimode optical fiber can be used as a general purpose spectrometer after calibrating the wavelength dependent speckle patterns produced by interference between the guided modes of the fiber. A transmission matrix was used to store the calibration data and a robust algorithm was developed to reconstruct an arbitrary input spectrum in the presence of experimental noise. We demonstrate that a 20 meter long fiber can resolve two laser lines separated by only 8 pm. At the other extreme, we show that a 2 centimeter long fiber can measure a broadband continuous spectrum generated from a supercontinuum source. We investigate the effect of the fiber geometry on the spectral resolution and bandwidth, and also discuss the additional limitation on the bandwidth imposed by speckle contrast reduction when measuring dense spectra. Finally, we demonstrate a method to reduce the spectrum reconstruction error and increase the bandwidth by separately imaging the speckle patterns of orthogonal polarizations. The multimode fiber spectrometer is compact, lightweight, low cost, and provides high resolution with low loss.
Integrating HEVC Video Compression with a High Dynamic Range Video Pipeline (2016)

This paper describes the challenges and capabilities of an implementation of a high dynamic range layered codec approach for high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) Main10 4K content for top tier over-the-top/video on demand (OTT/VOD) movie distributors known as “Dolby Vision.” While Dolby Vision is already designed to support both AVC (H.264) and HEVC (H.265), the current tools are designed for batch-mode testing with reference-level encoders that generally do not meet the performance and robustness demands of an automated production system. To create a viable production system, particular attention must be paid to optimization and parallelization of the HEVC pipeline to create the final dual layer streams. The production high dynamic range (HDR) HEVC encoder must also be integrated into the client encoder system application infrastructure, preserving the clients robustness, testability and quality requirements. The final streams must be tested in a similarly performant decoder platform for manual and automated test and verification. Because Dolby Vision is a novel technology that requires specialized hardware for viewing, careful consideration must be given to the visual verification process with a solution that offers powerful viewing tools and defect testability. Finally, the automated decoder verification must test both the backwards-compatible base layer and the high dynamic range enhancement layer. This paper covers these issues and the technical solutions that were implemented to address them.