gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platform Architecture for Solar, Thermal, and Vibration Energy Combining With MPPT and Single Inductor (2012)

A platform architecture combining energy from solar, thermal, and vibration sources is presented. A dual-path architecture for energy harvesting is employed that has a peak efficiency improvement of 11%-13% over the traditional two-stage approach. The system implemented consists of a reconfigurable multi-input, multi-output switch matrix that combines energy from three distinct energy-harvesting sources-photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric. The system can handle input voltages from 20 mV to 5 V and is capable of extracting maximum power from individual harvesters all at the same time utilizing a single inductor. A proposed time-based power monitor is used for achieving maximum power point tracking for the photovoltaic harvester. This has a peak tracking efficiency of 96%. The peak efficiencies achieved with inductor sharing are 83%, 58%, and 79% for photovoltaic boost, thermoelectric boost, and piezoelectric buck-boost converters, respectively. The switch matrix and the control circuits are implemented on a 0.35-μm CMOS process.
Site-specific cross-linking of mammalian U5 snRNP to the 5' splice site before the first step of pre-mRNA splicing. (1992)

We have used a site-specific cross-linking strategy to identify RNA and protein factors that interact with the 5' splice site region during mammalian pre-mRNA splicing. Two different pre-mRNA substrates were synthesized with a single 32P-labeled 4-thiouridine residue 2 nucleotides upstream of the 5' splice site. Selective photoactivation of the 4-thiouridine residue after incubation of either substrate under splicing conditions in HeLa nuclear extract resulted in cross-links to the U5 snRNA and the U5 snRNP protein p220. These ATP-dependent interactions occur before the first step of splicing. The U5 snRNA cross-links map to a phylogenetically invariant 9-nucleotide loop sequence and do not require Watson-Crick complementarity to the 5' exon. Cross-links of this position in the pre-mRNA to U1, but not to U2, U4, or U6 snRNAs, were also observed. The kinetics of U1 and U5 cross-link formation are similar, both peaking well before reaction intermediates appear.
Dielectric properties of mammalian tissues from 0.1 to 100 MHz; a summary of recent data (1982)

Dielectric permittivity and conductivity measurements are reported from various soft excised mammalian non-tumour tissues, at frequencies between 0.1 and 100 MHz, and at room and body temperatures. The data over this wide frequency range can be well represented by a Cole-Cole equation for either the complex conductivity or complex permittivity. A summary of fitted parameters for the tissue data is presented, which can be used to reconstruct the original data values. The data are compared to older data that are still frequently quoted. Finally, the contribution of cells and organelles to the dielectric permittivity of one tissue is estimated, to help elucidate the mechanisms that are responsible for the observed dielectric data.
Prostate stem cell antigen as therapy target: tissue expression and in vivo efficacy of an immunoconjugate. (2002)

We conducted an expression analysis of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)in normal urogenital tissues, benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 21), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 33), and primary (n = 137) and metastatic (n = 42) prostate adenocarcinoma, using isotopic in situ hybridization on tissue microarrays. In normal prostate, we observe PSCA expression in the terminally differentiated, secretory epithelium; strong expression was also seen in normal urothelium. Forty-eight percent of primary and 64% of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas expressed PSCA RNA. Our studies did not confirm a positive correlation between level of PSCA RNA expression and high Gleason grade. We characterized monoclonal anti-PSCA antibodies that recognize PSCA expressed on the surface of live cells, are efficiently internalized after antigen recognition, and kill tumor cells in vitro in an antigen-specific fashion upon conjugation with maytansinoid. Unconjugated anti-PSCA antibodies demonstrated efficacy against PSCA-positive tumors by delaying progressive tumor growth in vivo. Maytansinoid-conjugated antibodies caused complete regression of established tumors in a large proportion of animals. Our results strongly suggest that maytansinoid-conjugated anti-PSCA monoclonal antibodies should be evaluated as a therapeutic modality for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Nongenomic effects of oestrogen: embryonic mouse midbrain neurones respond with a rapid release of calcium from intracellular stores (1998)

Evidence is emerging that oestrogen, besides acting via classical nuclear receptors, can rapidly influence the physiology of nerve cells through other mechanisms. Oestrogens have been shown to modulate the differentiation and function of embryonic midbrain dopaminergic neurones by stimulating neurite outgrowth, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA, dopamine uptake and release in spite of the fact that dopaminergic cells in the prenatal midbrain do not express the classical oestrogen receptor. This study therefore intended to unravel possible signal transduction pathways activated by oestrogen which might be associated with the above oestrogen effects. As a physiological second-messenger mechanism, we studied the influence of oestrogen on fluctuations of intracellular Ca2+ levels [Ca2+]i by microspectrofluorimetry of the Ca2+-sensitive indicator Fura-2, in primary cultures from embryonic mouse midbrains. 17Beta-estradiol (10 nM-1 pM) but not 17alpha-estradiol increased [Ca2+]i within 1-3 s in a dose-dependent way. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ abrogated K+-stimulated Ca2+ rise but did not affect 17beta-estradiol stimulation. Pretreatment of cells with thapsigargin (1 microM, 10 min), an inhibitor of Ca2+-pumping ATPases in the endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the 17beta-estradiol effect but not the K+-stimulated [Ca2+]i rise. Oestrogen effects on [Ca2+]i were completely mimicked by using a membrane-impermeant oestrogen-BSA construct. In order to identify oestrogen-sensitive cells, some cultures were subsequently immunostained for microtubule-associated protein II, tyrosine hydroxylase, or GABA. All oestrogen-sensitive cells were immunocytochemically characterized as neurones, and about half of these responsive neurones was found to be dopaminergic or GABAergic. These results demonstrate that 17beta-estradiol is capable of rapidly modulating physiological parameters of developing midbrain neurones by directly interacting with specific membrane binding sites coupled to a signal transduction mechanism that causes a calcium release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. It is suggested that oestrogen effects on differentiation and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurones are mediated by intracellular Ca2+ signalling.
Metagenomic Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections (2008)

To test the ability of high-throughput DNA sequencing to detect bacterial pathogens, we used it on DNA from a patient's feces during and after diarrheal illness. Sequences showing best matches for Campylobacter jejuni were detected only in the illness sample. Various bacteria may be detectable with this metagenomic approach.
PR39 Inhibits Apoptosis in Hypoxic Endothelial Cells (2004)

We provide the first direct evidence for PR39 as an antiapoptotic factor in endothelial cells during hypoxia. These data suggest that PR39 inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis and decreases caspase-3 activity in endothelial cells through an increase of IAP-2 expression.
Modified lignin in tobacco and poplar plants over‐expressing the Arabidopsis gene encoding ferulate 5‐hydroxylase (2000)

Ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyses the hydroxylation of ferulic acid, coniferaldehyde and coniferyl alcohol in the pathways leading to sinapic acid and syringyl lignin biosynthesis. Earlier studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that F5H over-expression increases lignin syringyl monomer content and abolishes the tissue-specificity of its deposition. To determine whether this enzyme has a similar regulatory role in plants that undergo secondary growth, we over-expressed the F5H gene in tobacco and poplar. In tobacco, over-expression of F5H under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter increased lignin syringyl monomer content in petioles, but had no detectable effect on lignification in stems. By contrast, when the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) promoter was used to drive F5H expression, there was a significant increase in stem lignin syringyl monomer content. Yields of thioglycolic acid and Klason lignin in C4H-F5H lines were lower than in the wild-type, suggesting that F5H over-expression leads to a reduced deposition or an altered extractability of lignin in the transgenic plants. Histochemical analysis suggested that the novel lignin in C4H-F5H transgenic lines was altered in its content of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes. Transgenic poplar trees carrying the C4H-F5H transgene also displayed enhanced lignin syringyl monomer content. Taken together, these data show that hydroxylation of guaiacyl-substituted lignin precursors controls lignin monomer composition in woody plants, and that F5H over-expression is a viable metabolic engineering strategy for modifying lignin biosynthesis in forest species.
Immobilization of Antibodies on a Photoactive Self-Assembled Monolayer on Gold (1996)

This paper presents a strategy for immobilizing biomolecules on a photoactivable surface. A self-assembled monolayer is prepared by adsorbing an ω-functionalized dialkyl disulfide on gold. Functional groups of this monolayer are converted in two steps into a benzophenone derivative with an overall yield of 50 ± 10%. Several independent techniques (ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, radiolabel assay, and autoradiography) characterize the reaction and photoimmobilization of antibodies on this surface. The photoimmobilized antibodies cover the surface as a homogeneous and dense monolayer that could not be disrupted by vigorous washing with the detergent Tween 20. Immunoassays demonstrated specific recognition of the immobilized immunoglobulins as measured by their complexation with alkaline phosphatase-linked antibodies. The method of photoimmobilization used here leads to a homogeneous single layer of IgGs, in which the proteins maximize their contact with the surface. Residual adsorption of IgG on the nonirradiated surface of benzophenone remains one limitation of this approach. Progressively higher coverages of IgGs on the surface did not lead to strictly proportional changes of the biological activity of these surfaces, probably because of interactions between the IgGs in the film. This method of photoimmobilization is nonetheless useful as an experimental system to immobilize other proteins because it is simple, flexible, and efficient.
Nucleotide sequence of the rightward operator of phage lambda. (1975)

The sequence of 72 base pairs of the rightward operator (O-R) of bacteriophage lambda is presented as determined with simple and rapid methods for direct DNA sequencing. The sequence of an operator mutant is also described. The methods are of general use in sequencing DNA fragments with unique 5' ends up to 50 base pairs in length. Previous experiments have shown that this operator contains multiple sites recognized by the lambda phage repressor. We believe we have identified three of these sites.
A network approach to diagnostic biomarkers in progressive supranuclear palsy (2013)

Diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) remains challenging because of the clinical overlap with Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, disease-specific biomarkers have yet to be identified. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, we used an integrated network approach to identify genes and related biological pathways associated with PSP. We tested a highly ranked gene in cellular whole-blood samples from 122 patients enrolled in the Prognostic Biomarker Study. Biological and functional analysis identified 13 modules related to activation of leukocytes and lymphocytes, protein dephosphorylation, and phosphatase activity. Integration of these results with those from microarrays identified ptpn1 as a potential biomarker for PSP. Assessment of biomarker performance revealed that ptpn1 could be used to distinguish PSP patients from PD patients with 86% diagnostic accuracy. Ptpn1 may be a diagnostic marker useful for distinguishing PSP and PD. Further evaluation in a larger well-characterized prospective study is warranted.
What can we learn from ambient ionization techniques? (2009)

Ambient mass spectrometry-mass spectrometric analysis with no or minimal effort for sample preparation-has experienced a very rapid development during the last 5 years, with many different methods now available for ionization. Here, we review its range of applications, the hurdles encountered for its quantitative use, and the proposed mechanisms for ion formation. Clearly, more effort needs to be put into investigation of matrix effects, into defining representative sampling of heterogeneous materials, and into understanding and controlling the underlying ionization mechanisms. Finally, we propose a concept to reduce the number of different acronyms describing very similar embodiments of ambient mass spectrometry.
A cognitive approach to judicial opinion structure (2001)

Empirical research on basic components of American judicial opinions has only scratched the surface. Lack of a coordinated pool of legal experts or adequate computational resources are but two reasons responsible for this deficiency. We have undertaken a study to uncover fundamental components of judicial opinions found in American case law. The study was aided by a team of twelve expert attorney-editors with a combined total of 135 years of legal editing experience. The scientific hypothesis underlying the experiment was that after years of working closely with thousands of judicial opinions, expert attorneys would develop a refined and internalized schema of the content and structure of legal cases. In this study participants were permitted to describe both concept-related and format-related components. The resultant components, representing a combination of these two broad categories, are reported on in this paper. Additional experiments are currently under way which further validated and refine this set of components and apply them to new search paradigms.
Exosomes from human adipose‐derived stem cells promote proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts (2017)

This study was undertaken to evaluate whether exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC-exo) can stimulate the regeneration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Immunoblotting and FACS analyses showed that ASC-exo was positive for exosome markers. Fluorescence tracking revealed that the contents of ASC-exo were transferred into the HDFs. ASC-exo treatment also stimulated the proliferation and migration of HDFs in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the expression levels of genes involved in skin cell proliferation were increased by ASC-exo. Microarray analysis showed an enrichment of microRNAs that have regenerative function. We suggest that the ASC-exo can stimulate skin cell proliferation.
Refined solution structure of human profilin I (1995)

Profilin is a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein that binds to both cytosolic actin and the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. These dual competitive binding capabilities of profilin suggest that profilin serves as a link between the phosphatidyl inositol cycle and actin polymerization, and thus profilin may be an essential component in the signaling pathway leading to cytoskeletal rearrangement. The refined three-dimensional solution structure of human profilin I has been determined using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Twenty structures were selected to represent the solution conformational ensemble. This ensemble of structures has root-mean-square distance deviations from the mean structure of 0.58 A for the backbone atoms and 0.98 A for all non-hydrogen atoms. Comparison of the solution structure of human profilin to the crystal structure of bovine profilin reveals that, although profilin adopts essentially identical conformations in both states, the solution structure is more compact than the crystal structure. Interestingly, the regions that show the most structural diversity are located at or near the actin-binding site of profilin. We suggest that structural differences are reflective of dynamical properties of profilin that facilitate favorable interactions with actin. The global folding pattern of human profilin also closely resembles that of Acanthamoeba profilin I, reflective of the 22% sequence identity and approximately 45% sequence similarity between these two proteins.
Continuous particle separation in spiral microchannels using dean flows and differential migration (2008)

Microparticle separation and concentration based on size has become indispensable in many biomedical and environmental applications. In this paper we describe a passive microfluidic device with spiral microchannel geometry for complete separation of particles. The design takes advantage of the inertial lift and viscous drag forces acting on particles of various sizes to achieve differential migration, and hence separation, of microparticles. The dominant inertial forces and the Dean rotation force due to the spiral microchannel geometry cause the larger particles to occupy a single equilibrium position near the inner microchannel wall. The smaller particles migrate to the outer half of the channel under the influence of Dean forces resulting in the formation of two distinct particle streams which are collected in two separate outputs. This is the first demonstration that takes advantage of the dual role of Dean forces for focusing larger particles in a single equilibrium position and transposing the smaller particles from the inner half to the outer half of the microchannel cross-section. The 5-loop spiral microchannel 100 microm wide and 50 microm high was used to successfully demonstrate a complete separation of 7.32 microm and 1.9 microm particles at Dean number De = 0.47. Analytical analysis supporting the experiments and models is also presented. The simple planar structure of the separator offers simple fabrication and makes it ideal for integration with on-chip microfluidic systems, such as micro total analysis systems (muTAS) or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) for continuous filtration and separation applications.
Functional Imaging of Localized Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Using 11C-Acetate PET/CT and 1H-MR Spectroscopy (2010)

(11)C-acetate PET/CT, MRI, and (1)H-MRS enable detection of localized prostate cancer with comparable and limited accuracy but fail to provide information on cancer aggressiveness.
Regulatory elements within the murine leukemia virus enhancer regions mediate glucocorticoid responsiveness (1988)

Enhancer elements within nonleukemogenic (Akv) and T-cell leukemogenic (SL3-3) murine leukemia viruses demonstrate strong cell type preference in transcriptional activity. These transcription elements are additionally regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and this pattern of regulation varies according to cell type. The sequences required for dexamethasone regulation for both Akv and SL3-3 are shown to include a 17-nucleotide consensus sequence previously termed the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). Although the GREs are identical for both viral enhancers, the sequences surrounding these elements differ, as does the spatial arrangement of the GRE sequences with respect to one another. It is proposed that the spatial arrangement of the GREs, as well as their precise sequence context, determines the difference in the response to dexamethasone of the enhancers in different cell types.
Induction of maturation in cultured human monocytic leukemia cells by a phorbol diester. (1982)

Suspension cultures of a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, were treated with 0.16 to 160 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In an original cell line, THP-1-O, cultured again from -80 degrees cryopreservation, more than 80% of the cells adhered to the glass substrate with marked morphological change within 3 hr of TPA treatment. Adherent cells became flat and amoeboid in shape, and many microvilli and flaps of the cell surface disappeared. Well-developed Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticula, and a large amount of free ribosomes were seen in the cytoplasm. On the other hand, in THP-1-R cells cultured continuously without cryopreservation for 26 months, approximately 80% of the cells adhered to the substrate 48 hr after TPA treatment. Round and ovoid shapes were kept in THP-1-R cells treated with TPA. Surface Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G were present on more than 90% of THP-1-O and THP-1-R cells and were little affected by treatment with TPA. Sixty to 70% of the TPA-treated THP-1-O and THP-1-R cells were able to phagocytize yeasts and immunoglobulin G-coated sheep erythrocytes. Less than 20% of the untreated THP-1 cells were able to phagocytize yeasts and immunoglobulin G-coated sheep erythrocytes. In histochemical staining, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase was enhanced after treatment with TPA. Lysozyme activity in culture supernatants was not affected by TPA treatment. When exposed to latex beads and TPA, increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose in THP-1-O cells was observed. These results indicate that, after treatment with TPA, human monocytic leukemia cells may be converted into mature cells with functions of macrophages.
Solid Phase Chemistry: Direct Monitoring by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. A Tool for Combinatorial Chemistry (1995)

<i>In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph.</i><br/><br/>The rapid development of combinatorial chemistry has remarkably increased the complexities of the reactions carried out on the solid phase. This is clearly illustrated by the wide spread use of allyl chemistry in peptide cyclizations the recent reports of aldol, Suzuki, and Diels-Alder reactions on the solid phase as well as the ever increasing use of the solid phase for the synthesis of peptide mimetics, e.g., peptoids. This has brought with it a need to provide a simple and efficient means of monitoring and analyzing such reactions at the molecular level. One such approach has been the highly success-fully analysis of derivatized beads by both proton9 and carbon-13 NMR. Another ideal time and material efficient means of following solid phase reactions would be the direct mass spectrometric analysis from the solid support. Mass spectrometry, a considerably more sensi-tive analytical tool than other conventional techniques, such as NMR and IR, would provide us with the power to obtain the required information from just a single resin bead.