gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion of Alkanethiols in PDMS and Its Implications on Microcontact Printing (μCP) (2004)

n-Alkanethiols HS-(CH2)n-CH3 such as hexadecanethiol (HDT, n = 15), octadecanethiol (ODT, n = 17), and eicosanethiol (ECT, n = 19) have been shown to provide highly protective etch resists on microcontact-printed noble metals. As the quality of the printed pattern strongly depends on the mobility of the ink compound, we focused on understanding the diffusion behavior of HDT, ODT, and ECT in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamps. We used a commercial PDMS material (Sylgard184), which is commonly used for microcontact printing (muCP), and a custom-synthesized one with a higher modulus. On the basis of linear-diffusion experiments, which maintained realistic printing conditions, we showed that the ink transport in the stamp follows Fick's law of diffusion. We then determined the diffusion coefficient by analytical and numerical modeling of the diffusion experiments. Numerical calculations were carried out with the finite-difference method applying more realistic boundary conditions (ink adsorption). Values for the diffusion coefficients of the three ink compounds in the two different PDMS materials all are on the order of (4-7) x 10(-7) cm2 s(-1). The scope and limits of the mathematical models are discussed. To demonstrate the potential of such models for microcontact printing, we simulate multiple printing cycles of an inked stamp and compare the results with experimental data.
Electrochemical nickel-induced fluoroalkylation: synthetic, structural and mechanistic study (2011)

Electrocatalytic generation of nickel catalysts in low oxidation states by reduction of nickel complexes with various ligands (2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, (S,S)-2,6-bis(4-phenyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl)-pyridine) in the presence of olefinic substrates and fluoroalkyl halides leads to new organic products derived from addition-dimerization processes. Due to the presence of two stereocenters in the dimerization products two diastereomers were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques including multi-dimensional NMR methods and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The formation of dimers was prevented by the inclusion of the hydrogen atom donor tributyltin hydride. The cyclic voltammetry study of selected nickel complexes along with fluoroalkyl halides demonstrated that Ni(I)L is the active form of the catalyst.
Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Developing Rats (1972)

1 The metabolism of [4-14C]pregnenolone in male and female rats 9, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63 and 85 days of age has been studied. Rats 9, 14 and 21 days of age excreted large amounts of monoand disulphurylated [4-14C]pregnenolone metabolites and no sexual differences were seen in the distribution of radioactive metabolites between free steroid, monosulphate and disulphate fractions. At the age of 28 days female rats excreted more steroid sulphates than male rats and in older rats this sexual difference became successively more apparent. 2 The excretion of endogenous steroid metabolites in faeces and urine from male and female rats 28–34, 35–41, 42–48 and 49–55 days of age has been investigated. Sexual differences were found already at an age of 28–34 days; at this time female rats excreted several metabolites identical to those previously described in faeces and urine from adult female rats. Female rats 42–48 and 49–55 days of age had a pattern of steroids identical to that in adult rats. Only small amounts of endogenous steroids were found in male rats; these compounds were not identified. 3 The capacity of adrenals and gonads from rats of various ages to oxidize pregnenolone into progesterone has been studied. The specific 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid-oxidoreductase activity in adrenals from female and male rats as well as in ovaries increased about 5–10 fold from 7 to 56 days of age; the most pronounced increase occurred between 28 and 42 days. There was only a small increase in specific testicular 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid-oxidoreductase activity with age. No significant sexual differences were found in the adrenal 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid-oxidoreductase activity.
Contrast Sensitivity and Functional Vision (2003)

How well does a person see faces in a crowd, read a newspaper, or drive an automobile at night? These are vital questions about a person's quality of life and safety. Obtaining answers to these questions requires tests of functional vision. The development of functional vision tests requires an
TOL101- Anti-αβTCR Monoclonal Antibody Immune Monitoring During Initial Phase 2 Renal Transplant Trials (2012)

Purpose: Current induction agents are well known for their broad immune modulating activity. TOL101 is a novel monoclonal antibody that is specific for the ab TCR. It is currently in Phase 2 testing in the United States. This interim analysis describes the kinetics of peripheral blood leukocytes in 20 subjects undergoing an initial kidney transplant from a living donor. Methods: Six cohorts (ranging from 0.28, 1.4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 mg) received TOL101 daily for atleast 6 doses at successively higher dose levels. Maintenance therapy was tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids. Multi-parametric flow cytometry was performed on blood samples, and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNg, TNF, IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-10 was determined by multiplex ELISA (Luminex). Pharmacokinetics and HAMA formation were assessed via standard ELISAs. All assessments were made at pre-determined timepoints using validated assays at a central laboratory. The target pharmacodynamic marker CD3 as well peripheral leukocyte subsets were tracked daily and at day 7 and 14. CD3 counts exhibited dose dependent reductions. Results: TOL101 downmodulated the CD3 receptor complex on ab-TCR+ T cells in a dose related fashion while gd-TCR+ T cells, B cells, NK cells, granulocytes, and monocytes in the peripheral blood remained at baseline levels or increased slightly in number. TOL101 appears to act by binding reversibly to the ab-TCR receptor, with the presence of CD2+ T cells supporting a downmodulation of the TCR as opposed to depletion of peripheral blood alpha beta T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, memory and naive T cell populations were equally susceptible to TOL101 modulation. The pharmacokinetic profile of TOL101 correlated with the kinetics of the CD3+ pharmacodynamic marker. The ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cells as well as Memory to Naïve T cells appeared to return to base line 14 days after treatment commencement. Inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production was minimal following TOL101 infusion at all of the dose levels tested and no HAMA was detected. Conclusions: TOL101 is capable of specifically modulating ab-TCR+ T cells, having little effect on other immune cell subsets and no clinically significant cytokine release or HAMA formation at the dose ranges tested.
Occurrence of mature B (IgM+, B220+) and T (CD3+) lymphocytes in scid mice. (1989)

Scid mice with and without detectable serum Ig (scid Ig+ and scid Ig- mice, respectively) were examined for the presence of mature "leaky" lymphocytes by flow microfluorimetry with the use of antibodies to B (IgM, B220) and T (CD3, CD4, CD8) lymphocyte surface Ag. The data showed that leaky scid mice are more frequent than is evident from serum Ig analysis and that the incidence of detectable B and T cells increases with age. IgM+ B220+ cells were not detectable in young adult mice (3 mo old), but in old mice (greater than or equal to 1 yr old) they were routinely present in the peritoneal cavity though not in the spleen. Striking differences in the representation of T cell subsets were seen in the thymus of these two age groups. Most young adult mice contained CD3- populations of CD4/CD8 double positive cells, and in some cases, CD4 or CD8 single positive cells as well. By contrast, identifiable T lineage cells in old mice were all CD3+ and predominantly single positive for CD4 or CD8. Detectable peripheral T cell populations numbered less than 10(5) cells, and the representation of T subset markers (CD4, CD8) varied widely among individual mice; further, Southern blot analysis of TCR gene rearrangements in the DNA of polyclonally stimulated lymphoid cultures from these mice showed very restricted heterogeneity relative to that of cultures from normal mice. We conclude that most leaky mice contain very few T cell clones.
SP1 as a Novel Scaffold Building Block for Self-Assembly Nanofabrication of Submicron Enzymatic Structures (2007)

In this study, SP1, a ring-shaped highly stable homododecamer protein complex was utilized for the self-assembly of multiple domains in a predefined manner. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was fused in-frame to SP1 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Complexes where GOx encircled SP1 dodecamer were observed, and moreover, the enzymatic monomers self-assembled into active multienzyme nanotube particles containing hundreds of GOx molecules per tube. This work demonstrates the value of SP1 as a self-assembly scaffold.
In vitro differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells toward distinct dendritic cell subsets of the birbeck granule and MIIC- positive Langerhans cell and the interdigitating dendritic cell type (1996)

We have demonstrated recently that Birbeck granule-positive Langerhans cells (LC) can be derived from CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells in the presence of a seven-cytokine cocktail (CC7-7). Here, we show that the sequential use of early-acting hematopoietic growth factors, stem cell factor, interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-6, followed on day 8 by differentiation in the two-factor combination IL-4 plus granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (CC4GM) is more efficient and allows the cells to be arrested in the LC stage for more than 1 week while continuous maturation occurs in CC7-7. Maturation of LC to interdigitating dendritic cells (DC) could specifically be induced within 60 hours by addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (20 ng/mL) or lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL). Using LC that had been enriched to greater than 90% CD1a+ cells by an immunoaffinity column, we were able to define clear-cut differences between LC and DC that corroborate data of the respective cells derived from epithelial borders (LC) or from lymph nodes (LN) and spleen (DC). Thus, molecules and functions involved in antigen (AG) uptake and processing were highly expressed in LC, while those involved in AG presentation were at maximum in DC. LC were CD1a+2 DR+2, CD23+, CD36+, CD80-, CD86-, and CD25-, while DC were CD1a+/- DR+3, CD23-, CD36-, CD80+, CD86+2, and CD25+, CD40 and CD32 were moderately expressed and nearly unchanged on maturation, in contrast to monocyte-derived DC. Macropinocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was dominant in LC, as were multilamellar major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compartments (MIICs), which were detected by electron microscopy. The functional dichotomy of these cell types was finally supported by testing the AG-presenting cell function for tetanus toxoid to primed autologous T-cell lines, which was optimal when cells were loaded with AG as LC and subsequently induced to become DC.
Small Mannose-Binding Lectin-Associated Protein Plays a Regulatory Role in the Lectin Complement Pathway (2006)

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins are pattern recognition proteins acting in innate immunity, and they trigger the activation of the lectin complement pathway through MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). Upon activation of the lectin pathway, MASP-2 cleaves C4 and C2. A truncated form of MASP-2, named small MBL-associated protein (sMAP), is also associated with MBL/ficolin-MASP complexes. To clarify the role of sMAP, we have generated sMAP-deficient (sMAP(-/-)) mice by targeted disruption of the sMAP-specific exon. Because of the gene disruption, the expression level of MASP-2 was also decreased in sMAP(-/-) mice. When recombinant sMAP (rsMAP) and recombinant MASP-2 (rMASP-2) reconstituted the MBL-MASP-sMAP complex in deficient serum, the binding of these recombinant proteins to MBL was competitive, and the C4 cleavage activity of the MBL-MASP-sMAP complex was restored by the addition of rMASP-2, whereas the addition of rsMAP attenuated the activity. Therefore, MASP-2 is essential for the activation of C4 and sMAP plays a regulatory role in the activation of the lectin pathway.
Generation ofEscherichia coliO9a Serotype, a Subtype ofE. coliO9, by Transfer of thewb* Gene Cluster ofKlebsiellaO3 intoE. colivia Recombination (1998)

Genetic characterization of the wb* gene in a series of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella strains possessing the mannose homopolymer as the O-specific polysaccharide was carried out. The partial nucleotide sequences and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested that E. coli serotype O9a, a subtype of E. coli O9, might have been generated by the insertion of the Klebsiella O3 wb* gene into a certain E. coli strain.
Controlling Multiple Security Robots in a Warehouse Environment (1994)

The Naval Command Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC) has developed an architecture to provide coordinated control of multiple autonomous vehicles from a single host console. The multiple robot host architecture (MRHA) is a distributed multiprocessing system that can be expanded to accommodate as many as 32 robots. The initial application will employ eight Cybermotion K2A Navmaster robots configured as remote security platforms in support of the Mobile Detection Assessment and Response System (MDARS) Program. This paper discusses developmental testing of the MRHA in an operational warehouse environment, with two actual and four simulated robotic platforms.
Interleukin-11 reduces T-cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice (1999)

Recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine that can reduce inflammation through the downregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory mediators from activated macrophages. rhIL-11 also inhibits production of several immunostimulatory cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and has shown biological activity in multiple animal models of inflammatory disease consistent with immunomodulatory effects on macrophages and T cells. To further elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of rhIL-11 in vivo, the effect of rhIL-11 in a model of Concanavalin A (Con-A)-induced T-cell-mediated hepatotoxicity was examined. Administration of a single dose of rhIL-11 before Con-A administration reduced centrilobular liver necrosis and enhanced survival. A dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of liver enzymes, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IFN-gamma corresponded with this amelioration of liver damage. No significant change in infiltrating lymphocyte populations in the liver was observed following rhIL-11 treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that rhIL-11 ameliorates T-cell-mediated hepatic injury and suggests its therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory liver disease.
Phantom body pain in paraplegics: Evidence for a central “pattern generating mechanism” for pain (1977)

aDepartment of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Que.Canada bDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash. 98195 U.S.A. Accepted May 24, 1977.
Antibody that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and association with inability to isolate virus (1987)

Most individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, produce an antibody against the viral reverse transcriptase (RT). Our studies show that 67% of HIV-seropositive individuals (33 of 49) produced an antibody that specifically inhibited viral RT enzyme activity. We were able to isolate HIV from only 18% of these individuals (6 of 33). On the other hand, virus was readily isolated from 63% of HIV-seropositive individuals (10 of 16) who did not demonstrate this antibody. Further examination of this RT-inhibiting antibody and its role during virus infection is needed, as it may prove to be of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic value in this study and treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Fair Exchange with a Semi-Trusted Third Party (1997)

We present new protocols for two parties to exchange documents with fairness, i.e., such that no party can gain an advantage by quitting prematurely or otherwise misbehaving. We use a third party that is L‘semi-trusted”, in the sense that it may misbehave on its own but will not conspire with either of the main parties. In our solutions, disruption by any one of the three parties will not allow the disrupter gain any useful new information about the documents. Our solutions are efficient and can be based on any of several cryptographic assumptions (e.g., factoring, discrete log, graph isomorpbism). We also discuss the application of our techniques to electronic commerce protocols to achieve fair payment.
Structure-Based Design of an Inhibitor of the Zinc Peptidase Thermolysin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-Based Design of an Inhibitor of the Zinc Peptidase ThermolysinBradley P. Morgan, Debra R. Holland, Brian W. Matthews, and Paul A. BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8, 3251–3260Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00087a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00087a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Human Ku70/80 Associates Physically with Telomerase through Interaction with hTERT (2002)

Telomere length maintenance, an activity essential for chromosome stability and genome integrity, is regulated by telomerase- and telomere-associated factors. The DNA repair protein Ku (a heterodimer of Ku70 and Ku80 subunits) associates with mammalian telomeres and contributes to telomere maintenance. Here, we analyzed the physical association of Ku with human telomerase both in vivo and in vitro. Antibodies specific to human Ku proteins precipitated human telomerase in extracts from tumor cells, as well as from telomerase-immortalized normal cells, regardless of the presence of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. The same Ku antibodies also precipitated in vitro reconstituted telomerase, suggesting that this association does not require telomeric DNA. Moreover, Ku associated with the in vitro translated catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) in the absence of telomerase RNA (hTR) or telomeric DNA. The results presented here are the first to report that Ku associates with hTERT, and this interaction may function to regulate the access of telomerase to telomeric DNA ends.
Antibody-drug conjugates as targeted cancer therapeutics. (2009)

Traditional chemotherapy has become one of the essential treatments of cancer. However, cytotoxic agents are not tumor specific, which would cause serious side effects. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), also called immunoconjugates, belong to the "targeted chemotherapeutics" category of anti-cancer drugs. ADCs are composed of three components including the cytotoxic drug, the monoclonal antibody, and the linker connecting the drug to the antibody. With the special-binding between antibody and antigen expressed on the surface of targeted cancer cells, ADCs provide a method to achieve excellent localization of the drug at the desired site in the body. The internalization and formation of ADCs are crucial in designing and applying an antibody conjugate to a particular disease model. In this review, we summarize three distinct internalization routes of ADCs and analysis the structure of ADCs. We also discuss in detail the categories and interaction of every component, as well as their influence to targeting property, liability and activity.
PspC, a Pneumococcal Surface Protein, Binds Human Factor H (2001)

PspC was found to bind human complement factor H (FH) by Western blot analysis of D39 (pspC(+)) and an isogenic mutant TRE108 (pspC). We confirmed that PspA does not bind FH, while purified PspC binds FH very strongly. The binding of FH to exponentially growing pneumococci varied among different isolates when analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis.
c-Fms Signaling Mediates Neurofibromatosis Type-1 Osteoclast Gain-In-Functions (2012)

Skeletal abnormalities including osteoporosis and osteopenia occur frequently in both pediatric and adult neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. NF1 (Nf1) haploinsufficient osteoclasts and osteoclast progenitors derived from both NF1 patients and Nf1(+/-) mice exhibit increased differentiation, migration, and bone resorptive capacity in vitro, mediated by hyperactivation of p21(Ras) in response to limiting concentrations of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Here, we show that M-CSF binding to its receptor, c-Fms, results in increased c-Fms activation in Nf1(+/) (-) osteoclast progenitors, mediating multiple gain-in-functions through the downstream effectors Erk1/2 and p90RSK. PLX3397, a potent and selective c-Fms inhibitor, attenuated M-CSF mediated Nf1(+/-) osteoclast migration by 50%, adhesion by 70%, and pit formation by 60%. In vivo, we administered PLX3397 to Nf1(+/-) osteoporotic mice induced by ovariectomy (OVX) and evaluated changes in bone mass and skeletal architecture. We found that PLX3397 prevented bone loss in Nf1(+/-)-OVX mice by reducing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorptive activity in vivo. Collectively, these results implicate the M-CSF/c-Fms signaling axis as a critical pathway underlying the aberrant functioning of Nf1 haploinsufficient osteoclasts and may provide a potential therapeutic target for treating NF1 associated osteoporosis and osteopenia.
Model-based nuclear power plant monitoring and fault detection: Theoretical foundations (1997)

The theoretical basis and validation studies of a real-time, model-based process monitoring and fault detection system is presented. Through use of a non-linear state estimation technique coupled with a probabilistically-based statistical hypothesis test, it is possible to detect and identify sensor, component and process faults at extremely early times from changes in the stochastic characteristics of measured signals. Data from an experimental fast reactor and a commercial PWR are used to demonstrate functional capabilities of the monitoring system.