gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mumps Virus Fusion Protein mRNA Sequence and Homology among the Paramyxoviridae Proteins (1989)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the fusion protein (F) mRNA of the virulent SBL-1 strain of mumps virus has been determined by sequencing cDNA clones and mRNA and confirmed by partially sequencing the genomic RNA. The mRNA was 1721 nucleotides long excluding the poly(A) sequence and had one long open reading frame which encoded a protein of 538 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 58,791. The predicted amino acid sequence had a proteolytic cleavage/activation site, Arg Arg His Lys Arg, cleavage at which yields proteins F2 and F1. The uncleaved protein contained three highly hydrophobic regions: (i) the amino-terminal signal peptide, (ii) the amino-terminal region of F1 and (iii) the carboxy-terminal membrane anchorage domain. There were seven potential N-glycosylation sites, two in F2 and five in F1. Comparison of the virulent strain F protein sequence with that of an avirulent strain of mumps virus showed a difference of 14 amino acids. Among paramyxoviruses, mumps virus fusion protein shows the highest degree of homology with the fusion proteins of simian virus 5 and Newcastle disease virus.
Towards intelligent assistance for to-do lists (2008)

Assisting users with to-do lists presents new challenges for intelligent user interfaces. This paper presents a detailed analysis of to-do list entries jotted by users of a system that automates tasks for users that we would like to extend to assist users with their to-do entries. We also present four distinct stages of interpretation of to-do entries that can be accomplished and evaluated separately. A system that has good performance in any of these four stages can provide intelligent assistance that is useful to users. Author Keywords User interfaces, to-do lists, automated assistance, natural language interpretation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge collection from web volunteers, office assistants. ACM Classification Keywords H5.m. Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI):
Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium (2004)

The diversity of mucin-degrading bacteria in the human intestine was investigated by combining culture and 16S rRNA-dependent approaches. A dominant bacterium, strain MucT, was isolated by dilution to extinction of faeces in anaerobic medium containing gastric mucin as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. A pure culture was obtained using the anaerobic soft agar technique. Strain MucT was a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, oval-shaped bacterium that could grow singly and in pairs. When grown on mucin medium, cells produced a capsule and were found to aggregate. Strain MucT could grow on a limited number of sugars, including N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and glucose, but only when a protein source was provided and with a lower growth rate and final density than on mucin. The G + C content of DNA from strain MucT was 47.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate was part of the division Verrucomicrobia. The closest described relative of strain MucT was Verrucomicrobium spinosum (92 % sequence similarity). Remarkably, the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MucT showed 99 % similarity to three uncultured colonic bacteria. According to the data obtained in this work, strain MucT represents a novel bacterium belonging to a new genus in subdivision 1 of the Verrucomicrobia; the name Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MucT (= ATCC BAA-835T = CIP 107961T).
Effect of gel-point versus conversion on the real-time dynamics of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) formation (2003)

We present data that indicates much more uniform reflection grating notches are formed when using thiol-ene photopolymerization as compared to the typical multifunctional acrylate photopolymerization. The scaling behavior of both diffraction efficiency and notch bandwidth versus thickness is presented for both acrylate and thiol-ene-based polymer hosts. The latter follows predicted behavior over a much larger range of thickness than the former. We attribute these differences to a delay in the gel-point with respect to the reaction start. Since the bulk of shrinkage occurs before gelation, detrimental effects caused by anisotropic stress build-up and subsequent relaxation is minimized. Using real-time monitoring techniques, we monitor the blue shift of the notch wavelength and the bandwidth development as a function of time for both chemistries. We demonstrate that thicker samples with appreciable diffraction efficiency and narrow bandwidths can be obtained.
Comparative Study of Ephedrine and Mephertermine in Treatment of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Elective Trans Urethral Resection Prostate (TURP) (1970)

The present study was carried out on forty ASA I and II patients undergoing elective trans urethral resection of bladder tumour and ICA implant for carcinoma cervix under subarachnoid block. The patients were randomly divided into two groups each consisting of 20 patients. Vasopressors were used when the systolic blood pressure decreased by 25% pressure of the baseline or less than 90 mm Hg after subarachnoid block. Group I received injection Ephedrine 10 mg bolus and immediately an infusion was started at the rate of 30 mg/hr. group II patients received injection Mephentermine intravenous 10 mg followed by an infusion of 60 mg/hr. The clinical parameters observed during the procedure were measurement of heart rate, systolic/diastolic and mean blood pressure and CVP. The two groups were statistically compared with respect to the above parameters. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i1.4638 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 10-16
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and the Isoprostane, 8,12-iso-Isoprostane F2α-III, Induce Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy (1998)

Prostaglandin receptors may be activated by their cognate ligand or by free radical catalyzed isoprostanes, products of arachidonic acid peroxidation. For example, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) causes hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, via the PGF2alpha receptor (FP). However, the FP may also be activated by the isoprostane, 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III (Kunapuli, P., Lawson, J. A., Rokach, J., and FitzGerald, G. A. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 27147-27154). Both ligands induce myocyte hypertrophy with overlapping potencies. Interestingly, the hypertrophic effects of these two agonists on cardiomyocytes are additive. Furthermore, the preference of these two agonists for activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways differs in several respects. Thus, PGF2alpha and 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III stimulate inositol phosphate formation with EC50 values of 50 +/- 12 nM and 3.5 +/- 0.6 microM, respectively. Moreover, PGF2alpha causes a robust activation ( approximately 50-fold) of Erk2, whereas 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III has no effect. Similarly, PGF2alpha causes translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and also results in a 7-fold increment in the formation of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, whereas 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III exerts no effect on this pathway. On the other hand, both agonists are equally potent in activating JNK1 and c-Jun, whereas neither activates the p38 kinase. Both PGF2alpha and 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III activate the p70S6 kinase (p70(S6K)), but not Akt, downstream of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). However, both wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, and rapamycin, an inhibitor of p70(S6K) activity, inhibit 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III -induced myocyte hypertrophy, with IC50 values of 60 +/- 12 and 3 +/- 1.7 nM, respectively, whereas neither compound abrogates the PGF2alpha-mediated response. Thus, both PGF2alpha and 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III induce myocyte hypertrophy via discrete signaling pathways. Although both agonists signal via the JNK pathway to initiate changes in c-Jun-dependent gene transcription, PGF2alpha preferentially activates the MEK-Erk2- cytosolic phospholipase A2 pathway. In contrast, the PI3K-p70(S6K) pathway appears to be essential for 8,12-iso-iPF2alpha-III-induced myocyte hypertrophy.
Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. I. Requirements for circumferential attachment of particle-bound ligands to specific receptors on the macrophage plasma membrane. (1975)

These experiments were designed to evaluate the role of macrophage plasma membrane receptors for the third component of complement (C) and for the Fc portion of IgG in the ingestion phase of phagocytosis. Sheep erythrocyte (E) were coated with anti-E IgG [E(IgG)]; these E(IgG) were then attached to cultivated monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages under conditions which reversibly inhibit ingestion of E(IgG). The E(IgG)-macrophage complexes were further incubated under similar conditions with an antimacrophage IgG fraction which blocks Fc receptor-mediated ingestion but has no effect upon ingestion mediated by other phagocytic receptors. When these cultures were subsequently incubated under conditions optimal for particle ingestion, phagocytosis of the IgG-coated erythrocytes did not occur; the erythrocytes remained bound to the Fc receptors of the macrophage plasma membrane. To determine whether ligands must cover the entire surface of an attached particle to permit ingestion of that particle, C-coated E [E(IgM)C] were bound to the C receptors of thioglycollate-induced (activated) macrophages at 4 degrees C. E(IgM)C-macrophage complexes were then trypsinized at 4 degrees C, a procedure which resulted in cleavage of erythrocyte-bound C3b molecules to a form of C3 not recognized by the macrophage receptors for C3b. Under the conditions used, trypsin did not affect the attachment of E(IgM)C to the macrophage surface or the macrophage receptors for C3b. When these trypsin treated E(IgM)C-macrophage complexes were incubated at 37 degrees C, the bound E(IgM)C were not ingested; the erythrocytes remained attached to the macrophage plasma membrane via the macrophage's C receptors. These results indicate that attachment of a particle to specific receptors on the macrophage plasma membrane is not sufficient to trigger ingestion of that particle. Rather, ingestion requires the sequential, circumferential interaction of particle-bound ligands with specific plasma membrane receptors not involved in the initial attachment process.
Dietary Restriction Alters Characteristics of Glucose Fuel Use (1992)

A longitudinal study of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in ad libitum fed and dietary restricted male F344 rats was carried out. The life span diurnal pattern of plasma glucose concentration was such that through most of the day dietary restricted rats have significantly lower plasma glucose levels than ad libitum fed rats. Throughout the life span, dietary restricted rats maintain mean 24-hour plasma glucose concentrations about 15% below those of ad libitum fed rats. Plasma insulin levels are maintained in dietary restricted rats at about 50% of the levels in ad libitum fed rats. Although plasma glucose and insulin levels are lower, dietary restricted rats use glucose fuel at the same rate per unit of metabolic mass per day as rats fed ad libitum. While these findings are consistent with the glycation hypothesis of aging and with our hypothesis that dietary restriction retards the aging processes by altering the characteristics of fuel use, they do not establish the validity of either. It is possible that this effect of dietary restriction on carbohydrate metabolism plays no role in its antiaging action. Further studies are required to define the role of these altered characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in the aging processes.
Inverted repeat structure of the Sry locus in mice. (1992)

The testis-determining gene Sry is located on the short arm of the mouse Y chromosome in a region known to have undergone duplications and rearrangements in comparison with the equivalent portion of the human Y chromosome. Detailed analysis of the Sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse Sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat. This repeat, which is found in both Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus Y chromosomes, is not present at the human SRY locus. Recombination involving the repeat region may have led to an 11-kilobase deletion, precisely excising Sry in a line of XY female mice.
Synchronously pumped fiber Raman gyroscope (1985)

A new optical gyroscope has been proposed that uses stimulated Raman scattering in a single-mode fiber. It is theoretically shown that highly sensitive detection of inertial rotation can be attained by using a synchronously pumped fiber Raman laser operating in the zero-chromatic-dispersion region of the fiber.
Soft Lubrication (2004)

We consider some basic principles of fluid-induced lubrication at soft interfaces. In particular, we quantify how a soft substrate changes the geometry of and the forces between surfaces sliding past each other. By considering the model problem of a symmetric nonconforming contact moving tangentially to a thin elastic layer, we determine the normal force in the small and large deflection limit, and show that there is an optimal combination of material and geometric properties which maximizes the normal force. Our results can be generalized to a variety of other geometries which show the same qualitative behavior. Thus, they are relevant in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of soft elastic and poroelastic gels and shells, and in the context of biolubrication in cartilaginous joints.
Direct solubilization of heterologously expressed membrane proteins by incorporation into nanoscale lipid bilayers (2003)

One of the biggest challenges in the field of proteomics is obtaining functional membrane proteins solubilized and dispersed into a physiologically relevant environment that maintains the spectrum of in vivo activities. Here we describe a system composed of nanoscale self-assembled particles, termed Nanodiscs, which contain a single phospholipid bilayer stabilized by an encircling membrane scaffold protein (MSP). Using microsomal membranes of baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells overexpressing an N-terminally anchored cytochrome P450 monoxygenase (P450), we demonstrate that target membrane proteins can be directly solubilized and incorporated into distinct populations of Nanodiscs, which can be separated by size chromatography. We show that formation of these Nanodiscs from insect cell membranes allows for the compartmentalization into soluble nanostructures that provide a natural membrane bilayer that avoids the aggregation of membrane proteins often encountered in other reconstitution procedures. Lipid composition analysis and substrate binding analysis of size-fractionated Nanodiscs arrayed in microtiter plates further demonstrates that the Nanodisc system effectively disperses the overexpressed membrane protein into monodispersed bilayers containing biochemically defined lipid components and the target protein in its native from suitable for sensitive high-throughput substrate binding analysis.
Small vessels, big trouble in the kidneys and beyond: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation–associated thrombotic microangiopathy (2011)

Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a challenging diagnosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although endothelial injury represents the final common pathway of disease, the exact pathophysiology of TA-TMA remains unclear. Potential causes include infections, chemotherapy, radiation, and calcineurin inhibitors. Recent literature addresses the roles of cytokines, graft-versus-host disease, the coagulation cascade, and complement in the pathogenesis of TA-TMA. Current diagnostic criteria are unsatisfactory, because patients who have received a transplant can have multiple other reasons for the laboratory abnormalities currently used to diagnose TA-TMA. Moreover, our lack of understanding of the exact mechanism of disease limits the development and evaluation of potential treatments. Short- and long-term renal complications contribute to TA-TMA's overall poor prognosis. In light of these challenges, future research must validate novel markers of disease to aid in early diagnosis, guide current and future treatments, prevent long-term morbidity, and improve outcomes. We focus on TA-TMA as a distinct complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, emphasizing the central role of the kidney in this disease.
Genetic analysis of subunits of two major storage proteins (.BETA.-conglycinin and glycinin) in soybean seeds. (1986)

Eight hundred and fifty soybean accessions were screened for genotypes with electrophoretic variations of the β-conglycinin and glycinin subunits. We detected two abnormal SDS-gel electrophoretic forms of β-conglycinin α-subunit, the slow electrophoretic mobility type designated as α-slow-type and the low α-subunit content type designated as α-low-type. Each of these two forms was controlled by a codominant allele at a single locus. The gene symbol Cgy2a was assigned to the common type and Cgy2b to the α-slow-type. We found a new electrophoretic form of β-conglycinin β-subunit designated as β'-subunit which migrates slightly faster than the β-subunit on SDS-gels. Beta-prime (β') subunit was controlled by a single dominant gene designated as Cgy3. The homozygous recessive cgy3 cgy3 lacked the β'-subunit. We observed two variations of the glycinin group-I acidic subunits (A1, A2 and A3) by alkaline urea electrophoresis, i. e., the concomitantly slow and fast electrophoretic mobility types designated as A(I)-slow-type and A(I)-fast-type, respectively. The concomitantly slow and fast migrating Al'A2 and A3 subunits, respectively, behaved in the F2 seeds as a single block composed 'of the three electrophoretic bands. Each of these electrophoretic forms was inherited as if controlled by a codominant allele at a single locus. The gene symbols, Gyla, Gylb and, Gylc were assigned to the alleles for the common electrophoretic type, the A(I)-slow-type and the A(I)-fast-type, respectively. Close linkage was found between Cgy2 and Cgy3. The gene Cgy1 controlling the β-conglycinin α'-subunit was independent of Gy1 and Gy4 which controls the A5 subunit and its associated basic subunit.
Studies on New Utilization of 2-Acetyl-&gamma;-butyrolactone. III (1957)

Among the various compounds of 4-chloro-3-(2-chloroethyl) quinaldine series, 8-hydroxy compounds possesses strong antibacterial action against dysentery (Shigella flexneri 2a) and typhoid (Salmonella typhi H 901 W) bacilli. In order to examine the relationship between the substituents in 2, 3, or 4-position in the foregoing quinaldine compounds and antibacterial activity, various compounds of such quinaldine series fused with pyrrole ring in 3-4 position were prepared by the application of various amines to the 8-hydroxy compound. The condensation-cyclization of the 8-hydroxy compound with amines occurs with more difficulty than that of the original quinaldine compound. This activity was examined with various amines and it was found that the reactivity of chlorine in the 4-position of the 8-hydroxy compound was markedly reduced by chelation than that of chlorine in the 4-position of the original quinaldine compound.
Metabolism of peptide amino acids by Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in a complex medium (1999)

Metabolic flux analysis is a useful tool for unraveling relationships between metabolism and cell function. Material balancing can be used to provide estimates of major metabolic pathway fluxes, provided all significant metabolite uptake and production rates are measured. Potential sources of metabolizable material in many serum-free media formulations are low molecular weight digests of biological material such as yeast extracts and plant or animal tissue hydrolysates. These digests typically contain large amounts of peptides, which may be utilized as amino acids. This article demonstrates the need for accounting for amino acids liberated from peptides in order to accurately estimate pathway fluxes in Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in a complex (hydrolysate containing) medium. A simplified model of central carbon metabolism provides the framework for analyzing external metabolite measurements. Redundant measurements are included to ensure the consistency of data and assumed biochemistry by comparing redundant measurements with their predicted values from a minimum data set, and by expressing the degree of agreement using a statistical “consistency index.” The consistency index tests whether redundancies are satisfied within expected experimental error. For chemostat steady states of CHO cultures grown in a hydrolysate-supplemented medium, consistent data were obtained only when amino acids liberated from peptides were taken into account. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 62: 324–335, 1999.
Immunological and immuno fluorescent studies on keratin of the hair follicle (1970)

ABSTRACT Keratins from the differentiating cortical cells of the guinea-pig hair follicle have been studied by immunological and immunofluorescent procedures. Antisera were prepared to the unfractionated keratin proteins from the follicle and the specificity of these antisera examined by lmmunodifTusion and lmmunoelectrophoresis. The major follicle antigens were the ‘low sulphur’ keratins, and the antibodies were specific for these and related α-keratins. Use of the precipitin reaction as a quantitative immunoassay for follicle keratins has been demonstrated. The fluorescent antibody technique has been applied to the hair follicle and the follicle antigens have been localized by this procedure in the cytoplasm of the developing cortical cells. By this technique keratin could not be detected in the proliferative cells of the bulb region of the follicle supporting the view that keratin synthesis begins only when the cells enter the upper bulb region of the follicle.
Nonlinear kinetics and pharmacologic response to mibefradil (2000)

Repeated doses of 50 mg or doses of 100 mg mibefradil generated zero-order kinetics secondary to a decrease in hepatic extraction of the drug. Zero-order kinetics did not affect the response-concentration relationship of mibefradil.
Superior Preclinical Efficacy of Gemcitabine Developed As Chitosan Nanoparticulate System (2010)

Gemcitabine, an anticancer nucleoside analogue, undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation following intravenous injection. This necessitates the administration of a high order of doses to observe a required therapeutic response, while such high doses result in significant side effects. To improve the intravenous delivery of gemcitabine and simultaneously enhance its antitumor activity, we have investigated its incorporation into a drug nanoplatform based on the biodegradable polymer chitosan. Two gemcitabine loading methods have been investigated: (i) entrapment into the polymeric network (entrapment procedure): drug incorporation prior to the coacervation process that leads to the formation of gemcitabine-loaded chitosan (GemChit) nanoparticles; and (ii) surface deposition onto already formed chitosan nanoparticles after incubation in gemcitabine solution (adsorption procedure). The former method produced much higher gemcitabine loading values and a sustained release profile. The main factors determining the gemcitabine loading and release kinetic have also been analyzed. Following intravenous injection, the GemChit formulation displayed a significantly improved antitumor activity comparatively to free gemcitabine, which was further confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry studies, suggesting the potential of this chitosan-based gemcitabine nanomedicine for the effective treatment of tumors.