gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel reordering write buffer to improve write performance of log-structured file systems (2003)

We present a novel reordering write buffer which improves the performance of log-structured file systems (LFS). While UFS has a good write performance, high garbage-collection overhead degrades its performance under high disk space utilization. Previous research concentrated on how to improve the efficiency of the garbage collector after data is written to disk. We propose a new method that reduces the amount of work the garbage collector would do before data reaches disk. By classifying active and inactive data in memory into different segment buffers and then writing them to different disk segments, we force the disk segments to form a bimodal distribution. Most data blocks in active segments are quickly invalidated, while inactive segments remain mostly intact. Simulation results based on a wide range of both real-world and synthetic traces show that our method significantly reduces the garbage collection overhead, slashing the overall write cost of LFS by up to 53 percent, improving the write performance of LFS by up to 26 percent, and the overall system performance by up to 21 percent.
Treatment with monoclonal antibody to a Lewis lung carcinoma-associated antigen: different effects on primary tumor and its metastases. (1985)

The growth and dissemination of Lewis lung carcinoma have been analyzed following treatment of isolated tumor cells or of tumor-bearing animals with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 135-13C, which recognizes a cell surface tumor-associated protein of 180,000 daltons. The results of this study indicate that MoAb 135-13C binds with high affinity to Lewis lung tumor cells and induces different effects on the primary tumor (20%-25% reduction of tumor weight) and its metastasis (twofold increase of lung nodule formation). Different schedules of MoAb 135-13C administration have shown that these effects are dose- and time-dependent. In particular, the maximum increase in metastasis formation is observed when the MoAb 135-13C is administered at time of systemic tumor dissemination. In vitro preincubation of tumor cells with MoAb prior to their iv injection into normal animals results in a significant increase of pulmonary metastatic nodules.
Adaptive digital linearization of RF power amplifiers (1995)

The performance of an adaptive digital technique for the linearization of RF power amplifiers is investigated. Cubic spline interpolation is used to estimate the amplifier's AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics. Using the computed characteristic coefficients, the baseband input signal is appropriately predistorted to compensate for the amplifier nonlinearity. This method has significantly better suppression of the intermodulation products than other predistortion techniques. The out-of-band power emission is also significantly reduced. The performance of baseband predistortion linearization techniques is adversely affected by modulator and demodulator impairments. A digital correction technique is presented to compensate for these imperfections. In this technique, part of the RF signal is fed to an envelope detector. The detector output and the baseband signal are used to estimate the impairment values, using the Newton-Raphson method. The estimated impairment values are then used to compensate for the modulator/demodulator impairments. Spurious signals can be suppressed by more than 30 dB using this technique.
The VLSI Handbook (1999)

Over the years, the fundamentals of VLSI technology have evolved to include a wide range of topics and a broad range of practices. To encompass such a vast amount of knowledge, The VLSI Handbook focuses on the key concepts, models, and equations that enable the electrical engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of very large-scale int
Copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and ε-caprolactone for porous nerve guides: Synthesis and properties (2001)

Copolymers of trimethylene carbonate and epsilon-caprolactone were synthesized and characterized with the aim of assessing their potential in the development of a flexible and slowly degrading artificial nerve guide for the bridging of large nerve defects. The effect of the monomer ratio on the physical properties of the polymers and its influence on the processability of the materials was investigated. Under the applied polymerization conditions (130 degrees C, 3 days using stannous octoate as a catalyst) high molecular weight polymers (Mn above 93 000) were obtained. All copolymers had glass transition temperatures below room temperature. At trimethylene carbonate contents higher than 25 mol% no crystallinity was detected. A decrease in crystallinity resulted in the loss of strength and decrease in toughness, as well as in an increased polymer wettability. Amorphous poly(trimethylene carbonate), however, showed excellent ultimate mechanical properties due to strain-induced crystallization (Tm = 36 degrees C). Low crystallinity copolymers could be processed into dimensionally stable porous structures by means of immersion precipitation and by combination of this technique with the use of porosifying agents. Porous membranes of poly(trimethylene carbonate) could be prepared when blended with small amounts of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide). Poly(trimethylene carbonate) and poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-epsilon-caprolactone) copolymers with high epsilon-caprolactone content possess good physical properties and are processable into porous structures. These materials are most suitable for the preparation of porous artificial nerve guides.
Stability of intravenous admixtures of doxorubicin and vincristine. (1986)

The stability of doxorubicin and vincristine in admixtures containing both drugs in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 0.45% sodium chloride and Ringer's acetate injection, and 0.45% sodium chloride and 2.5% dextrose injection was studied. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was added to 30-mL quantities of each base solution to achieve initial doxorubicin concentrations of 1.40 mg/mL and to 0.9% sodium chloride injection to achieve concentrations of 1.88 and 2.37 mg/mL. Vincristine sulfate was added to each doxorubicin admixture to achieve vincristine concentrations of 0.033 and 0.053 mg/mL. All admixtures were protected from light and stored in polysiloxan bags that are used with portable delivery devices. Admixtures were kept at temperatures of 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. Samples withdrawn immediately after preparation and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for content of each drug. The stability of doxorubicin was dependent on temperature and composition of the base solution. Analysis of data from the samples containing 0.45% sodium chloride and Ringer's acetate injection showed that doxorubicin concentrations were less than 90% of the initial concentration by 12 hours at 37 degrees C, 35 hours at 30 degrees C, and 62 hours at 25 degrees C, and visual changes occurred in all of these admixtures over the course of the study. Vincristine degradation also was most rapid in 0.45% sodium chloride and Ringer's acetate admixtures. Data analysis showed that concentrations of vincristine were less than 90% of initial after eight days at 25 degrees C, five days at 30 degrees C, and three days at 37 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiogenesis in the female reproductive system (1992)

In adult tissues, capillary growth (angiogenesis) occurs normally during tissue repair, such as in healing of wounds and fractures. Rampant capillary growth is associated with various pathological conditions, including tumor growth, retinopathies, hemangiomas, fibroses and rheumatoid arthritis. The female reproductive organs (i.e., ovary, uterus, and placenta) exhibit dynamic, periodic growth and regression accompanied by equally dramatic changes in rates of blood flow. It is not surprising, therefore, that they are some of the few adult tissues in which angiogenesis occurs as a normal process. Thus, the female reproductive system provides a unique model for studying regulation of angiogenesis during growth and differentiation of normal adult tissues. Ovarian, uterine, and placental tissues recently have been shown to contain and produce angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding angiogenic processes and their regulation in female reproductive tissues. In addition, implications of this research for regulation of fertility as well as for control of angiogenesis in other normal and pathological processes are discussed.
Hybrid process for ethanol production from rice straw. (1995)

A hybrid process for the fermentation of rice straw hydrolysates into ethanol was designed to simultaneously utilize cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of the agro-residue. The process involved dilute acid hydrolysis (for obtaining C-5 sugars) followed by enzymatic saccharification of cellulose enriched fraction with crude cellulase produced by mixed cultures of Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 and Aspergillus ochraceus IMI 317911. The fermentation medium containing acid and enzymatic hydrolysate mixture of pentoses and hexoses monomers was fermented with yeast coculture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus resulting in 295.0 ml ethanol/kg of rice straw. The hybrid process resulted in an efficient utilization of both cellulosic and hemicellulosic components of the rice straw for ethanol production.
Emissive Osmium(II) Complexes with Tetradentate Bis(pyridylpyrazolate) Chelates (2013)

A tetradentate bis(pyridylpyrazolate) chelate, L, is assembled by connecting two bidentate 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole chelates at the 6 position of the pyridyl fragment with a phenylamido appendage. This chelate was then utilized in the synthesis of three osmium(II) complexes, namely, [Os(L)(CO)2] (4), [Os(L)(PPh2Me)2] (5), and [Os(L)(PPhMe2)2] (6). Single-crystal X-ray structural analyses were executed on 4 and 5 to reveal the bonding arrangement of the L chelate. Phosphine-substituted derivatives 5 and 6 are highly emissive in both solution and the solid state, and their photophysical properties were measured and discussed on the basis of computational approaches. For application, fabrication and analysis of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were also carried out. The OLEDs using 5 and 6 as dopants exhibit saturated red emission with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 9.8% and 9.4%, respectively, which are higher than that of the device using [Ir(piq)3] as a red-emitting reference sample. Moreover, for documentation, 5 and 6 also achieve a maximum brightness of 19540 cd·m(-2) at 800 mA·cm(-2) (11.6 V) and 12900 cd·m(-2) at 500 mA·cm(-2) (10.5 V), respectively.
An Estimate of the Burden of Chagas Disease in the United States (2009)

Chagas disease causes the highest burden of any parasitic disease in the Western hemisphere. By applying published seroprevalence figures to immigrant populations, we estimate that 300,167 individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi infection live in the United States, with 30,000-45,000 cardiomyopathy cases and 63-315 congenital infections annually. T. cruzi causes a substantial disease burden in the United States.
Network Coding Fundamentals (2007)

Network coding is an elegant and novel technique introduced at the turn of the millennium to improve network throughput and performance. It is expected to be a critical technology for networks of the future. This tutorial addresses the first most natural questions one would ask about this new technique: how network coding works and what are its benefits, how network codes are designed and how much it costs to deploy networks implementing such codes, and finally, whether there are methods to deal with cycles and delay that are present in all real networks. A companion issue deals primarily with applications of network coding.
Relative importance of bombardment energy and intensity in ion plating (1995)

For ion plating and similar plasma assisted physical vapor deposition processes, the relative significance of bombardment energy and intensity during film growth is poorly understood in relation to their effects on certain coating properties. In this article, we report on the results of a study on the microstructural properties of copper coatings deposited by a thermionically supported ion plating system with an electon beam evaporation source. By carefully selecting the deposition conditions, analysis of the coatings has provided the following conclusions: First, provided that a critical bombardment energy is exceeded, increasing bombardment intensity is more important than increasing the energy at the growing coating surface to attain maximum coating densification for minimum bombardment power. For copper coatings, the critical energy is approximately 200 eV. Second, we have identified sputtering as the main mechanism responsible for material redistribution during coating growth. We suggest that coating densification resulting from energetic bombardment may be characterized in a structure zone model by a parameter representing the proportion of arriving material which is sputtered during deposition.
Ubiquitous cell-surface glycoprotein on tumor cells is proliferation-associated receptor for transferrin. (1981)

A murine monoclonal antibody (OKT9) raised against human leukemic cells binds to a wide variety of leukemia and tumor cell lines and to a minority of leukemia cells taken directly from patients. Fetal thymus and liver are strongly reactive as are some normal, immature hemopoietic cells and activated lymphocytes. Reactivity with OKT9 appears to correlate with proliferation status in both normal and malignant populations. Biochemical analysis indicates that this structure is a approximately equal to 180,000-dalton glycoprotein with two disulfide-bonded subunits of approximately equal to 90,000-daltons. Isolation of the transferrin receptor from a T-cell line (MOLT-4) indicates that it also has a dimeric approximately equal to 180,000-dalton structure. Radio-labeled transferrin bound to its receptors can be specifically precipitated by the monoclonal OKT9, although the latter does not bind transferrin itself, indicating that the antigenic structure defined by this antibody is likely to be the transferrin receptor.
Cloning and Expression of the 44-Kilodalton Major Outer Membrane Protein Gene of the Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Agent and Application of the Recombinant Protein to Serodiagnosis (1998)

A 44-kDa major outer membrane protein of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent is an immunodominant antigen in human infection. A gene encoding this protein was cloned and sequenced. Southern blot results revealed the existence of multigenes homologous to the P44 gene in the genome of the HGE agent. The recombinant 44-kDa protein (rP44) was expressed by using expression vector pET30a. The reactivity of the affinity-purified rP44 was evaluated by Western immunoblot analysis and dot blot immunoassay. Western immunoblot analysis showed that mouse anti-rP44 serum reacted with 44- to 42-kDa proteins in six different HGE agent strains tested except strain 2, in which three proteins of 42, 40, and 38 kDa were recognized. Eleven HGE patient serum samples, a horse anti-HGE serum, and a horse anti-Ehrlichia equi serum recognized the rP44 protein. This suggests that rP44 is an HGE-E. equi group-specific antigen. Neither human anti-Ehrlichia chaffeensis serum nor rabbit anti-Borrelia burgdorferi serum reacted with rP44. Sera from two patients coinfected with the HGE agent and B. burgdorferi reacted positively with rP44 and the HGE agent. Sera from 20 HGE patients with indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) titers ranging from 1:20 to 1:2,560 gave distinct positive reactions in a dot immunoblot assay. There was a positive correlation between the color densities of the dot reactions and the IFA titers when greater than 50 ng of recombinant antigen per dot was used. The use of the affinity-purified rP44 protein as antigen would provide a more specific, consistent, and simpler serodiagnosis for HGE than the use of whole infected cells or purified HGE agents.
The Story Picturing Engine---a system for automatic text illustration (2006)

We present an unsupervised approach to automated story picturing. Semantic keywords are extracted from the story, an annotated image database is searched. Thereafter, a novel image ranking scheme automatically determines the importance of each image. Both lexical annotations and visual content play a role in determining the ranks. Annotations are processed using the Wordnet. A mutual reinforcement-based rank is calculated for each image. We have implemented the methods in our Story Picturing Engine (SPE) system. Experiments on large-scale image databases are reported. A user study has been performed and statistical analysis of the results has been presented.
Medical Uses of Nitinol (2000)

The growth of Nitinol in the medical industries has exploded in the past ten years. Patients and care providers have encouraged the transition from traditional open-surgical procedures, which require long hospital stays, to less-invasive techniques, which are often performed in out-patient clinics. This demand for minimally invasive procedures has allowed novel instrumentation and implants to be designed. An increasing number of these devices use Nitinol as the critical component. Examples of medical applications range from orthodontic archwires and endoscopic instrumetns to endovascular stents. This paper will focus on key performance attributes of Nitinol that make it an ideal material for medical applications. Specific applications will be introduced through their use of the enabling features.
Varicella-zoster virus gene 63 encodes an immediate-early protein that is abundantly expressed during latency (1995)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gene 63 encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 30.5 kDa which has amino acid similarities with the immediate-early (IE) protein 22 (ICP-22) of herpes simplex virus type 1. In order to study the expression of this protein during lytic and latent infection, gene 63 was cloned in frame and downstream from the glutathione-S-transferase gene, expressed as a fusion protein, and purified. In VZV-infected Vero cells, antibodies directed against this protein detect two polypeptides of 45 and 38 kDa which are localized both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Using a sequential combination of transcription and protein synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D and cycloheximide, respectively), we demonstrated the immediate-early nature of this protein, which can thus be named IE63. Using a rat model of VZV latency, we showed that IE63 is heavily expressed, essentially in neurons, during latency. IE63 can also be detected in the skin of patients showing early herpes zoster symptoms.
Similarities and differences between smoking-related gene expression in nasal and bronchial epithelium (2009)

Previous studies have shown that physiological responses to cigarette smoke can be detected via bronchial airway epithelium gene expression profiling and that heterogeneity in this gene expression response to smoking is associated with lung cancer. In this study, we sought to determine the similarity of the effects of tobacco smoke throughout the respiratory tract by determining patterns of smoking-related gene expression in paired nasal and bronchial epithelial brushings collected from 14 healthy nonsmokers and 13 healthy current smokers. Using whole genome expression arrays, we identified 119 genes whose expression was affected by smoking similarly in both bronchial and nasal epithelium, including genes related to detoxification, oxidative stress, and wound healing. While the vast majority of smoking-related gene expression changes occur in both bronchial and nasal epithelium, we also identified 27 genes whose expression was affected by smoking more dramatically in bronchial epithelium than nasal epithelium. Both common and site-specific smoking-related gene expression profiles were validated using independent microarray datasets. Differential expression of select genes was also confirmed by RT-PCR. That smoking induces largely similar gene expression changes in both nasal and bronchial epithelium suggests that the consequences of cigarette smoke exposure can be measured in tissues throughout the respiratory tract. Our findings suggest that nasal epithelial gene expression may serve as a relatively noninvasive surrogate to measure physiological responses to cigarette smoke and/or other inhaled exposures in large-scale epidemiological studies.
Hematopoietic Stem Cells Reduce Postischemic Inflammation and Ameliorate Ischemic Brain Injury (2008)

Our data demonstrate that systemically applied Lin(-)-HSCs reduce cerebral postischemic inflammation, attenuate peripheral immune activation and mediate neuroprotection after ischemic stroke.
Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth through down-regulation of stathmin (2007)

Results from our study suggested for the first time that EZH2 plays a key role in HCC tumorigenesis, and is a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
The Salt-Stress Signal Transduction Pathway That Activates the gpx1 Promoter Is Mediated by Intracellular H2O2, Different from the Pathway Induced by Extracellular H2O2 (2004)

Several genes encoding putative glutathione peroxidase have been isolated from a variety of plants, all of which show the highest homology to the phospholipid hydroperoxide isoform. Several observations suggest that the proteins are involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Previous studies on the regulation of gpx1, the Citrus sinensis gene encoding phospholipid hydroperoxide isoform, led to the conclusion that salt-induced expression of gpx1 transcript and its encoded protein is mediated by oxidative stress. In this paper, we describe the induction of gpx1 promoter:uidA fusions in stable transformants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured cells and plants. We show that the induction of gpx1 by salt and oxidative stress occurs at the transcriptional level. gpx1 promoter analysis confirmed our previous assumption that the salt signal is transduced via oxidative stress. We used induction of the fusion construct to achieve better insight into, and to monitor salt-induced oxidative stress. The gpx1 promoter responded preferentially to oxidative stress in the form of hydrogen peroxide, rather than to superoxide-generating agents. Antioxidants abolished the salt-induced expression of gpx1 promoter, but were unable to eliminate the induction by H2O2. The commonly employed NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride and catalase inhibited the H2O2-induced expression of gpx1 promoter, but did not affect its induction by salt. Our results led us to conclude that salt induces oxidative stress in the form of H2O2, its production occurs in the intracellular space, and its signal transduction pathway activating the gpx1 promoter is different from the pathway induced by extracellular H2O2.
Transmission techniques for digital terrestrial TV broadcasting (1995)

The authors discuss the potential of OFDM signaling, with its limitations and inherent problems, as well as another potential technique that has so far been overlooked: single-carrier transmission with frequency-domain equalization. The carrier synchronisation issue is dealt with before the authors introduce coded-OFDM (COFDM), which makes use of channel coding and frequency-domain interleaving.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>