gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of arginine glutamate on the stability of monoclonal antibodies in solution (2014)

Finding excipients which mitigate protein self-association and aggregation is an important task during formulation. Here, the effect of an equimolar mixture of l-Arg and l-Glu (Arg·Glu) on colloidal and conformational stability of four monoclonal antibodies (mAb1-mAb4) at different pH is explored, with the temperatures of the on-set of aggregation (Tagg) and unfolding (Tm1) measured by static light scattering and intrinsic fluorescence, respectively. Arg·Glu increased the Tagg of all four mAbs in concentration-dependent manner, especially as pH increased to neutral. Arg·Glu also increased Tm1 of the least thermally stable mAb3, but without similar direct effect on the Tm1 of other mAbs. Raising pH itself from 5 to 7 increased Tm1 for all four mAbs. Selected mAb formulations were assessed under accelerated stability conditions for the monomer fraction remaining in solution after storage. The aggregation of mAb3 was suppressed to a greater extent by Arg·Glu than by Arg·HCl. Furthermore, Arg·Glu suppressed the aggregation of mAb1 at neutral pH such that the fraction monomer was near to that at the more typical formulation pH of 5.5. We conclude that Arg·Glu can suppress mAb aggregation with increasing temperature/pH and, importantly, under accelerated stability conditions at weakly acidic to neutral pH.
High performance level conversion for dual V/sub DD/ design (2004)

Multi-V/sub DD/ design is an effective way to reduce power consumption, but the need for level conversion imposes delay and energy penalties that limit the potential gains. In this paper, we describe new level converting circuits that provide 10%-61% lower energy consumption at equivalent or better speeds compared to those available in the literature. Furthermore, we make the argument that level converters should be evaluated largely by their maximum speed since slower level converters consume valuable timing slack that can be used to reduce the energy of other gates in the circuit. Based on this criterion, we find the new structures to offer up to a 25% speed improvement over conventional level converters. Using an efficient dual V/sub DD/ voltage assignment algorithm, we show that this speed improvement can yield a reduction of up to 7.3% in total circuit power in small benchmark circuits. We also propose embedding the functionality of logic gates into the level converting circuits. For typical values of the second supply voltage, this technique can reduce delay by 15% at constant energy or lower energy by up to 30% at fixed delay.
Effect of Subcutaneous Administration of Levodopa Ethyl Ester, a Soluble Prodrug of Levodopa, on Dopamine Metabolism in Rodent Striatum: Implication for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (1996)

Levodopa ethyl ester (LDEE), a highly soluble prodrug of levodopa, was synthesized and administered to mice and rats subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Striatal levels of levodopa, dopamine, and the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and compared with those obtained after intraperitoneal injections of levodopa. LDEE injections produced significant and rapid elevations of striatal levodopa, dopamine, and DOPAC, which were similar to those achieved after levodopa administration, with similar dose-response curves. The elevations achieved by LDEE given s.c. were higher than those achieved after i.p. administration and lasted for longer periods. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of levodopa or LDEE to rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) nigral lesions produced similar contraversive circling responses. We suggest that LDEE may be a beneficial antiparkinsonian agent. It has potential pharmacokinetic advantages that are superior to those of levodopa itself, and its subcutaneous administration may become an effective rescue strategy to overcome "off" situations in patients with Parkinson's disease and response fluctuations.
Mixed boundary semicircular and 120 degrees -sectoral microstrip antennas (2003)

120 degrees -sectoral microstrip antenna and mixed boundary semicircular antennas are analyzed using the Green's function approach and segmentation methods. The sectoral microstrip antennas with sectoral angles less than 180 degrees can be used to reduce mutual coupling between elements for the same interelement spacing. The mixed boundary microstrip patch antennas appear very promising for building arrays where mutual coupling between elements can be controlled by having various combinations of electric and magnetic walls for elements. The Green's functions of mixed boundary sectoral elements have been developed using the method of expansion in a series of eigenfunctions. The computed input VSWRs (voltage standing wave ratios) and bandwidths agree well with experimental results. The 120 degrees -sectoral antenna has more bandwidth (3.6%) than the circular antenna (3%) and is smaller in size. The large difference in bandwidths of two mixed boundary semicircular antennas suggests that the straight edges radiate more than the circular edges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hemagglutinin Stalk-Based Universal Vaccine Constructs Protect against Group 2 Influenza A Viruses (2013)

Current influenza virus vaccines contain H1N1 (phylogenetic group 1 hemagglutinin), H3N2 (phylogenetic group 2 hemagglutinin), and influenza B virus components. These vaccines induce good protection against closely matched strains by predominantly eliciting antibodies against the membrane distal globular head domain of their respective viral hemagglutinins. This domain, however, undergoes rapid antigenic drift, allowing the virus to escape neutralizing antibody responses. The membrane proximal stalk domain of the hemagglutinin is much more conserved compared to the head domain. In recent years, a growing collection of antibodies that neutralize a broad range of influenza virus strains and subtypes by binding to this domain has been isolated. Here, we demonstrate that a vaccination strategy based on the stalk domain of the H3 hemagglutinin (group 2) induces in mice broadly neutralizing anti-stalk antibodies that are highly cross-reactive to heterologous H3, H10, H14, H15, and H7 (derived from the novel Chinese H7N9 virus) hemagglutinins. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these antibodies confer broad protection against influenza viruses expressing various group 2 hemagglutinins, including an H7 subtype. Through passive transfer experiments, we show that the protection is mediated mainly by neutralizing antibodies against the stalk domain. Our data suggest that, in mice, a vaccine strategy based on the hemagglutinin stalk domain can protect against viruses expressing divergent group 2 hemagglutinins.
New Cancer Markers (1989)

In recent years many new and improved cancer markers have become available. From a clinical point of view, the most useful of the new markers include CA 19-9 for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CA 125 for epithelial ovarian cancer, CA 15-3 for breast cancer, prostate specific antigen for prostatic adenocarcinoma, placental alkaline phosphatase for testicular seminomas and neuron-specific enolase for small cell carcinoma of lung. None of these new markers are specific for cancer. Furthermore, none are organ specific, except prostate specific antigen for prostatic tissue. The main application of these markers is in monitoring patients with the specific malignancies indicated. Whether routine use of any of these new markers leads to higher quality of life or enhanced survival remains to be determined.
Microstructure and fat extractability in microcapsules based on whey proteins or mixtures of whey proteins and lactose. (1993)

Research was undertaken to determine the microstructure of whey protein/lactose-based , anhydrous milk fat- containing , spray -dried microcapsules and to study the relationship between core extractability and the state of lactose in these microcapsules. Spherical microcapsules nearly free of surface dents were obtained in a ll cases The milkfat was found to be organized in the form of small droplets (0.2-0.8 um) embedded in the capsule wall. The surface topography of the capsul es ex hibited features that may be li nked to removal of mil kfat drop lets from th e outer surfaces at early stages of the dryin g. Lactose crystallization was observed after incubation at water activity of 0.53 and progressed at higher relative humidity which also resulted in significant changes in the original capsule's structure. Lactose crystallization was evident on both the outer surfaces of the capsules and on the surface of inner voids. Larger proportions of encapsulated milkfat could be extracted by petroleum ether from whey protein-based capsules than from whey protein/lactose-based ones. Lactose crystallization led to an increase in the amount of milkfat that could be extracted from the capsules from 19 mg/g solids before incubation up to 260 mg/g solids after incubation at water activity of 0 .9. The results indicated that lactose in its amorphous state limits the extractability of milkfat from the capsules.
High-Speed Separations on a Microchip (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Speed Separations on a MicrochipStephen C. Jacobson, Roland. Hergenroder, Lance B. Koutny, and J. Michael. RamseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 7, 1114–1118Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00079a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1433Altmetric-Citations351LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A T cell-dependent experimental liver injury in mice inducible by concanavalin A. (1992)

Male NMRI or BALB/c mice developed severe liver injury as assessed by transaminase release within 8 h when an intravenous dose greater than 1.5 mg/kg concanavalin A (Con A) was given. Histopathologically, only the liver was affected. Electron micrographs revealed leukocyte sticking to endothelial cells and bleb formation of hepatocytes. The hepatotoxicity of the lectin correlated neither with its agglutination activity nor with its sugar specificity. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone or 50 mg/kg cyclosporine A or 50 mg/kg FK 506 (Fujimycin) resulted in protection of the animals whereas indomethacin pretreatment failed to protect. Con A hepatitis was accompanied by the release of IL-2 into the serum of the animals. Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome lacking B as well as T lymphocytes were resistant against Con A. Athymic nude mice with immature T lymphocytes were also resistant. Pretreatment of mice with an antibody against T lymphocytes fully protected against Con A as did monoclonal anti-mouse CD4. Monoclonal anti-mouse CD8 failed to protect. Pretreatment of mice with silica particles, i.e., deletion of macrophages, prevented the induction of hepatitis. These findings provide evidence that Con A-induced liver injury depends on the activation of T lymphocytes by macrophages in the presence of Con A. The model might allow the study of the pathophysiology of immunologically mediated hepatic disorders such as autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
The T8 antigen is a multimeric complex of two distinct subunits on human thymocytes but consists of homomultimeric forms on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies allow for the detection of structures on the cell surface of human cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes, which are involved in their function. Among these cell surface components, T8 is of particular interest, since it is required during the recognition of target cells by a subset of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The only other cell types on which T8 has been detected are functionally inert thymocytes. Here we demonstrate that T8 isolated from peripheral blood T lymphocytes is different from thymocyte T8. On peripheral blood T lymphocytes T8 was found in multimeric forms of a 34-kDa glycoprotein. These forms were also found on thymocytes, but in addition multimeric complexes of the 34-kDa T8 with a 46-kDa protein were detected. Preliminary chemical analyses showed that the 34-kDa and the 46-kDa forms differ in both their protein and carbohydrate structures. The 46-kDa structure was found to be distinct from the major thymocyte antigen T10. The interchain disulfide bridges between the 34-kDa T8 polypeptide are located in the 24-kDa CNBr fragment, which contains a hydrophobic region. Two (14 kDa and 20 kDa) of the three CNBr fragments of the 46-kDa T8 subunit were found to be involved in interchain disulfide bridging with the 34-kDa T8 species. We suggest that the switch from heteromultimers to homomultimers may occur concomitantly with the last step in T lymphocyte maturation.
Interdigital cantilevers for atomic force microscopy (1996)

We present a sensor for the atomic force microscope (AFM) where a silicon cantilever is micromachined into the shape of interdigitated fingers that form a diffraction grating. When detecting a force, alternating fingers are displaced while remaining fingers are held fixed. This creates a phase sensitive diffraction grating, allowing the cantilever displacement to be determined by measuring the intensity of diffracted modes. This cantilever can be used with a standard AFM without modification while achieving the sensitivity of the interferometer and maintaining the simplicity of the optical lever. Since optical interference occurs between alternating fingers that are fabricated on the cantilever, laser intensity rather than position can be measured by crudely positioning a photodiode. We estimate that the rms noise of this sensor in a 10 hz–1 kHz bandwidth is ∼0.02 Å and present images of graphite with atomic resolution.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to two insect repellents: DEET and KBR 3023 (2004)

We conducted laboratory tests to assess the sensitivity to the insect repellent 1-piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, 1-methylpropylester (known as KBR 3023 or Picaridin, trade name Bayrepel) of West African strains of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and of malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex, in comparison with the standard repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (DEET). Test mosquitoes were exposed according to a 'separate arms' protocol to logarithmic dose increments applied on one arm of human subjects to evaluate the relative potency, and the median effective dosages (ED50 and ED90). According to a logistic regression model fitted to the experimental data, the dose-response relationship for the two repellents was the same within each species, thus pooled ED values were assessed for each mosquito separately. The median ED of KBR 3023 and DEET was estimated at 0.78 (95% confidence limits (CI): 0.57-1.04) and at 0.018 microg/cm2 (0.004-0.052) for mosquitoes of the An. gambiae complex and Ae. aegypti, respectively. ED90 values were 125.6 (81.4-201.3) and 24.0 microg/cm2 (5.7-208.5) for An. gambiae s.l. and Ae. aegypti, respectively. The relative potency of KBR 3023 was not significantly different from that of DEET for An. gambiae s.l. (95% confidence limits 0.7-1.0), whereas in the case of Ae. aegypti it was with 95% probability 1.1-2.0 times more potent than DEET. On the basis of available evidence, KBR 3023 represents a promising alternative to DEET for personal protection against bites of these important vectors of disease in the Afrotropical region.
MyristoylCoA:protein N‐Myristoyltransferase: Probing Host‐Guest Interactions Using Synthetic Substrates (1992)

Abstract MyristoylCoA:protein N ‐myristoyl transferase (NMT) catalyzes the cotranslational covalent attachment of myristate (C14:0) to the ammo‐terminal glycine residues of a variety of biologically important proteins. An extensive survey of myristic acid analogs has previously allowed us to infer the conformational constraints imposed upon the fatty acid when bound to the enzyme's acylCoA binding site. A series of myristic acid analogs has now been synthesized and studied in an in vitro assay to probe further the conformation of NMT's bound ligand and to assess the importance of the distance between the carboxyl and the proposed bend in the fatty acid.
Physical mapping of the minimal region of loss in 5q- chromosome. (1995)

Acquired interstitial loss of all or part of the long arm of human chromosome 5 (5q-) is an anomaly that is seen frequently in patients with preleukemic myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia. Loss of a critical region of overlap at band 5q31.1 in all of these cases, with various cytogenetic breaks, signifies the existence of a key negative regulator of leukemogenesis. Previous studies have defined the proximal and distal ends of the critical region to reside between the genes for IL9 and EGR1, respectively. In this report, we describe a yeast artificial chromosome contig spanning this myeloid tumor suppressor locus. The combined order of the polymorphic loci is centromere-IL9-(D5S525-D5S558-D5S89-D5S526 -D5S393)-D5S399-D5S396-D5S414-EGR1 and telomere. The physical distance between the IL9 and EGR1 genes is estimated to be < 2.4 Mb. Here we report the utility of these polymorphic loci by detecting a submicroscopic deletion of 5q31; an acute myelogenous leukemia patient with a three-way translocation, t(5;18;17)(q31;p11;q11), as the sole anomaly revealed allele loss of the D5S399 and D5S396 loci.
Continuous intraoperative OCT guided management of post-deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty descemet’s membrane detachment (2016)

Continuous intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) integrated into the operating microscope is a new modification in the current operating microscope to aid in the surgical procedures involving both the anterior and the posterior segment. This helps in intraoperative planning, modification of the surgical steps if required and confirmation of the surgical endpoint in the operating room itself. iOCT was used for the successful management of descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with intracameral injection of 20% Sulphur hexafluoride. The gas was injected under direct visualization through the microscope with continuous real time monitoring of the change in height of the detached Descemet's membrane (DM). Additionally stab incisions were given through the anterior cornea due to the presence of residual fluid above the DM which was visible on continuous iOCT images. This led to the successful apposition of the DM which otherwise would have remained detached due to the residual fluid. This highlights the importance of continuous iOCT monitoring of the ophthalmic surgical procedures in order to produce a successful anatomical outcome of the surgery without disruption of the surgical procedure.
Stable Delivery of a Canavalin Promoter- -Glucuronidase Gene Fusion into French Bean by Particle Bombardment (1997)

Shoot apices of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goldstar) seeds were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid pSAG-734 carrying a chimeric gene that encodes /J-glucuronidase under the control of the canavalin gene promoter. The organ-and maturation stage-specific expression of the construct was observed histochemically in seeds of transgenic plants.
Comparison of anticoagulant and procoagulant activities of stimulated platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (1991)

Activation of human platelets considerably enhanced their ability to accelerate factor Va inactivation by activated protein C (APC). The anticoagulant activity of platelet suspensions was markedly dependent on the kind of agonist used to activate platelets. APC-catalyzed factor Va inactivation in free solution was characterized by an apparent second-order rate constant of 2 x 10(5) (mol/L)-1 (seconds)-1. Nonstimulated platelets (2.4 x 10(8)/mL) and platelets stimulated with adenosine diphosphate or adrenalin accelerated factor Va inactivation fourfold. Rates of factor Va inactivation were increased 11-fold by thrombin-stimulated platelets, 29-fold after platelet stimulation with the Ca(2+)-ionophore A23187. At low platelet concentrations (3 x 10(7)/mL) only background levels of anticoagulant activity were observed in platelet suspensions that were nonstimulated or stimulated with thrombin or collagen. However, when such reaction mixtures were stirred during the activation procedure, platelet anticoagulant activity was increased more than 10-fold. Independent of platelet stimulation and stirring conditions, exogenously added purified plasma protein S increased platelet-dependent factor Va inactivation approximately twofold. Addition of a neutralizing antiprotein S antibody had little effect on the anticoagulant activity of platelets. This indicates that, under the reaction conditions tested, platelet-released protein S did not contribute to factor Va inactivation. Approximately 25% of the anticoagulant activity of stimulated platelet suspensions appeared to be associated with microparticles that were released on platelet activation. Such microparticles may provide an important source of anticoagulant activity. A similar distribution of procoagulant, ie, prothrombinase, activity between platelets and microparticles was observed for the same platelet suspensions. Because platelet stimulation and stirring also had the same overall effects on the ability of platelets and platelet microparticles to promote prothrombin activation and factor Va inactivation, it appears likely that the generation of potential platelet anticoagulant and procoagulant activities is coupled to the same platelet stimulation reactions.
In vitro and in vivo reactivity and specificity of fractions from sonicates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis separated by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis. (1980)

Fractions of cell sonicates from the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis prepared by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis (GAGE) were examined by immunoelectrophoretic analysis and tested for biologic reactivity and antigenic specificity. Each was tested for the ability to elicit delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of guinea pigs sensitized with M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. intracellulare (Battey), M. scrofulaceum (Gause), and M. fortuitum. Peripheral lymphocytes from persons infected with mycobacteria were also exposed to fractions, and the increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was used as an index of stimulation (lymphocyte transformation). Only 4 fractions (6, 11, 12, and 16) were found to be significantly more specific than the unfractionated sonicate, and none was monospecific for M. tuberculosis. The results of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis suggested that incomplete separation of antigens and/or shared group-specific multideterminant antigens may have accounted for the observed cross-reactions.