gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Scheduling of Integrated Single-Wafer Processing Tools With Temporal Constraints (2005)

This paper addresses the issues of online scheduling for integrated single-wafer processing tools with temporal constraints. The integrated single-wafer processing tool is an integrated processing system consisting of single-wafer processing modules and transfer modules. Certain chemical processes require that the wafer flow satisfies temporal constraints, especially, postprocessing residency constraints. This paper proposes an online scheduling method that guarantees both logical and temporal correctness for the integrated single-wafer processing tools. First, mathematical formulation of the scheduling problem using temporal constraint sets is presented. Then, an online, noncyclic scheduling algorithm with polynomial complexity is developed. The proposed scheduling algorithm consists of two subalgorithms: FEASIBLE/spl I.bar/SCHED/spl I.bar/SPACE and OPTIMAL/spl I.bar/SCHED. The former computes the feasible solution space in the continuous time domain, and the latter computes the optimal solution that minimizes the completion time of the last operation of a newly inserted wafer.
Cloning of Large Segments of Exogenous DNA into Yeast by Means of Artificial Chromosome Vectors (1987)

Fragments of exogenous DNA that range in size up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast by ligating them to vector sequences that allow their propagation as linear artificial chromosomes. Individual clones of yeast and human DNA that have been analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis appear to represent faithful replicas of the source DNA. The efficiency with which clones can be generated is high enough to allow the construction of comprehensive libraries from the genomes of higher organisms. By offering a tenfold increase in the size of the DNA molecules that can be cloned into a microbial host, this system addresses a major gap in existing experimental methods for analyzing complex DNA sources.
Multiple internal reflection poly(dimethylsiloxane) systems for optical sensing (2007)

Compact poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based (PDMS) multiple internal reflection systems which comprise self-alignment systems, lenses, microfluidic channels and mirrors have been developed for highly sensitive absorbance measurements. With the proper definition of air mirrors at both sides of the sensing region, the optical path of the light from the LED has been meaningfully lengthened without a dramatic increase of the mean flow cell volume. By recursive positioning of such air mirrors, propagating multiple internal reflection (PMIR) systems have been designed, simulated and characterized. Experimental results confirm the ray-tracing predictions and allow the determining that there are some regions of the mean flow cell volume that do not contribute to the increase of the sensitivity. The tailoring of the sensing region, following the optical path, results in a similar limit of detection (110 nM) for fluorescein diluted in phosphate buffer. Finally, a ring configuration, labelled RMIR, has also been developed. With the addition of a third air mirror, the LOD can be decreased to 41 nM with the additional advantage of a substantial decrease of the length of the sensing region. These results confirm the validity of the proposed systems for high sensitivity measurements.
Solubility of (1-3)- -d/(1-6)- -D-Glucan in Fungal Walls: Importance of Presumed Linkage between Glucan and Chitin (1981)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans and Coprinus cinereus most of the alkali-insoluble (1 leads to 3)-beta-D/(1 leads to 6)-beta-D-glucan of the wall can be extracted with dimethyl sulphoxide. The same fraction, and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae a small additional fraction, can be extracted by a destructive procedure involving 40% NaOH at 100 degrees C. The small fraction of the glucan which resists this treatment becomes soluble after a subsequent treatment with HNO2 indicating that it is covalently linked to chitin in the wall. In contrast, in Schizophyllum commune and Agaricus bisporus, nearly all the (1 leads to 3)-beta-D/(1 leads to 6)-beta-D-glucan appears to be held insoluble by linkage to chitin.
Biosynthesis of Inner Core Lipopolysaccharide in Enteric Bacteria Identification and Characterization of a Conserved Phosphoheptose Isomerase (1996)

The lpcA locus has been identified in Escherichia coli K12 novobiocin-supersensitive mutants that produce a short lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core which lacks glyceromannoheptose and terminal hexoses. We have characterized lpcA as a single gene mapping around 5.3 min (246 kilobases) on the E. coli K12 chromosome and encoding a 22.6-kDa cytosolic protein. Recombinant plasmids containing only lpcA restored a complete core LPS in the E. coli strain chi711. We show that this strain has an IS5-mediated chromosomal deletion of 35 kilobases that eliminates lpcA. The LpcA protein showed discrete similarities with a family of aldose/ketose isomerases and other proteins of unknown function. The isomerization of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, into a phosphosugar presumed to be D-glycero-D-mannoheptose 7-phosphate, was detected in enzyme reactions with cell extracts of E. coli lpcA+ and of lpcA mutants containing the recombinant lpcA gene. We concluded that LpcA is the phosphoheptose isomerase used in the first step of glyceromannoheptose synthesis. We also demonstrated that lpcA is conserved among enteric bacteria, all of which contain glyceromannoheptose in the inner core LPS, indicating that LpcA is an essential component in a conserved biosynthetic pathway of inner core LPS.
Influenza Virus Primes Mice for Pneumonia From Staphylococcus aureus (2011)

Superinfections from Staphylococcus aureus following influenza are an increasing concern. We assessed several laboratory and clinical strains in a mouse coinfection model with influenza virus. A methicillin-resistant USA300 clone and several recent clinical strains from patients with necrotizing pneumonia caused high mortality following influenza virus infection in mice. Both viral and bacterial lung titers were enhanced during coinfections compared with single infections. However, differences in titers did not correspond with differences in disease outcomes in a comparison of superinfections from a highly pathogenic strain with those from a poorly pathogenic strain. These strains did differ, however, in expression of Panton-Valentine leukocidin and in the degree of inflammatory lung damage each engendered. The viral cytotoxin PB1-F2 contributed to the negative outcomes. These data suggest that additional study of specific bacterial virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation and lung damage during coinfections is needed.
The efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate in the relief of ocular symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis. (2004)

Intranasal corticosteroids have been shown to decrease ocular symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis as well as nasal symptoms. The primary objective of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of fluticasone propionate (FP) aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of ocular symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). We pooled efficacy data from seven multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of similar design. Each study evaluated the efficacy of intranasal FP, 200 micrograms, given once daily in the treatment of nasal and ocular symptoms associated with SAR. At baseline and after 7 and 14 days of treatment, clinicians rated the severity of four individual ocular symptoms (itching, tearing, redness, and puffiness) via visual analog scales of 0-100, where 0 = no symptoms and 100 = worst symptoms. The four ratings were added to form the total ocular symptom score (TOSS). Patients rated the overall severity of their ocular symptoms (all symptoms evaluated with a single score) daily on diary cards in a similar fashion. The primary outcome was the mean change from baseline in the clinician-rated TOSS. A between-group difference of 25 points in the mean change from baseline TOSS by day 14 was considered clinically relevant. The FP group had greater mean changes from baseline in the TOSS and in all four individual symptom scores compared with placebo at days 7 and 14. At day 7, mean decreases from baseline in the TOSS were 76.0 points for the FP group and 50.9 points for the placebo group (p < 0.001), a difference between groups of 25.1. At day 14, mean decreases from baseline in the TOSS were 91.8 points for the FP group and 60.2 points for the placebo group (p < 0.001), a difference between groups of 31.6. Consistent with the clinician-rated data, patient-rated data showed a significantly greater reduction in the overall ocular symptom score for the FP group compared with placebo for both weeks 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Intranasal FP provides safe and effective relief of ocular symptoms associated with SAR. Patients with allergic rhinitis who also have ocular symptoms as a component of their disease may benefit from intranasal FP monotherapy without the addition of topical ophthalmologic agents or oral antihistamines. Such an approach may have advantages regarding compliance and cost-effectiveness of treatment.
Acute Back Pain and Spasm (1989)

A double-blind, 18-center, balanced trial of diflunisal vs. cyclobenzaprine HCl vs. these two drugs combined vs. placebo produced complete results from 175 patients. They had sought treatment at the cooperating centers for acute painful spasms of the back within a day or two of trauma or strain. Global results over the 7 to 10 days of observations revealed a clinically and statistically significant superiority of the combined therapy by Day 4 (P=0.006) and almost all patients recovered within a week to 10 days. A combination therapy with an effective safe analgesic and a true muscle relaxant for less than a week appears to be an excellent relief measure for acute back problems.
STUDY ON THE REACTION OF PC AND EVA DURING PROCESSING (2005)

通过转矩流变分析、差示扫描量热(DSC)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)等手段研究了不同聚碳酸酯(PC)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)共混体系在加工过程中的大分子反应,考察了有机金属催化剂(氧化二丁基锡DBTO)含量和反应时间对共混体系的影响.结果表明,PC和EVA可以在熔融共混过程中发生大分子反应,在界面原位形成接枝或交联的PC-EVA共聚物,催化剂用量增大、反应时间延长易生成共交联的PC-EVA共聚物,但混合时间过长,体系的断链加剧,所生成产物不稳定.
Amphetamine Adducts of Melanin Intermediates Demonstrated by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2001)

The use of hair as a matrix for the determination of a history of drug abuse is becoming increasingly widespread. Melanin has been shown to play a key role in the incorporation of drugs in hair. The mechanism of this incorporation and the nature of the interaction remains poorly understood. Cationic drugs, such as amphetamine, are thought to be ionically bound to melanin; however, their inextricability has led to the suggestion that they may be covalently bound to a great degree. Identification of covalent adducts remains elusive due to the insoluble polymeric nature of melanin. We succeeded in identifying several such adducts by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis of the products of in vitro synthesis of melanin in the presence of amphetamine. Amphetamine was incubated with L-DOPA and mushroom tyrosinase under a stream of oxygen. After 1 h, a signal at m/z 281.1324 (n = 1, R = H) was observed. After 2 h, the major adduct mass visible in the spectrum was at m/z 470.1074. This appeared to be derived from the mono-decarboxylation of a minor adduct at m/z 514.1245 (n = 2, R = CO(2)H). A totally decarboxylated adduct was also observed at m/z 426.1448 (n = 2, R = H). These were identified as amphetamine adducts of indole quinones. Corroboration of their identity was obtained by observing the mass shifts with deuterated L-DOPA and amphetamine analogues. Accurate mass measurements using the reflectron mode of the MS showed that the smaller adduct was within 14 ppm, and the larger adducts were within 70 ppm of their theoretical monoisotopic masses. Postsource decay experiments agreed with our structural assignments.
Acyl Carrier Protein (1968)

Abstract Acyl carrier protein holoprotein (holo-ACP) synthetase, an enzyme which transfers 4'-phosphopantetheine from reduced coenzyme A to acyl carrier protein apoprotein (apo-ACP) to form holo-ACP and 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate, has been shown in Escherichia coli B. At 780-fold purification the enzyme is free of apo-ACP, holo-ACP, and ACP hydrolase. The apparent Km value is 4 x 10-7 m for apo-ACP and 1.5 x 10-4 m for CoA. Dephospho-CoA and oxidized CoA are inactive as substrates. The enzyme requires Mg++ or Mn++ for activity. Both cations give complex saturation curves, with Mg++ showing substrate activation between 10-2 and 10-1 m. The holo-ACP formed in the synthetase reaction has full coenzymatic activity as measured in the malonyl-CoA-CO2 exchange reaction. Quantitative conversion of apo-ACP to holo-ACP is readily achieved with an excess of synthetase. Thus this enzyme can be utilized in an assay for apo-ACP in biological material. The reverse reaction, formation of CoA from holo-ACP and 3',5'-adenosine diphosphate, has been shown.
Interaction between Smad-interacting Protein-1 and the Corepressor C-terminal Binding Protein Is Dispensable for Transcriptional Repression of E-cadherin (2003)

deltaEF1 and SIP1 (or Zfhx1a and Zfhx1b, respectively) are the only known members of the vertebrate Zfh1 family of homeodomain/zinc finger-containing proteins. Similar to other transcription factors, both Smad-interacting protein-1 (SIP1) and deltaEF1 are capable of repressing E-cadherin transcription through binding to the E2 boxes located in its promoter. In the case of deltaEF1, this repression has been proposed to occur via interaction with the corepressor C-terminal binding protein (CtBP). In this study, we show by coimmunoprecipitation that SIP1 and CtBP interact in vivo and that an isolated CtBP-binding SIP1 fragment depends on CtBP for transcriptional repression. However, and most importantly, full-length SIP1 and deltaEF1 proteins do not depend on their interaction with CtBP to repress transcription from the E-cadherin promoter. Furthermore, in E-cadherin-positive kidney epithelial cells, the conditional synthesis of mutant SIP1 that cannot bind to CtBP abrogates endogenous E-cadherin expression in a similar way as wild-type SIP1. Our results indicate that full-length SIP1 can repress E-cadherin in a CtBP-independent manner.
Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation Factors: Part I—Acquired Hemophilia A (2012)

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare, but often severe, bleeding disorder caused by autoantibodies against clotting factor VIII (FVIII). AHA occurs more frequently in the elderly and in association with several conditions, such as malignancies, autoimmune diseases, postpartum, or drug exposure; however, about half of the cases remain idiopathic. At variance with congenital hemophilia, where hemarthroses are the most common bleeding symptoms, hemorrhages in AHA involving soft tissues (muscle, skin) are more frequently reported. AHA is diagnosed in patients: with negative personal or family bleeding history; in which prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time is not corrected after mixing and incubating equal volumes of patient and normal plasma for ~2 hours at 37°C; FVIII levels are reduced; and a specific FVIII-inhibiting activity is detected. Prompt recognition and treatment of AHA are mandatory, as inadequate management and complications of the disease are associated with high mortality rates. Therapeutic approaches should aim to control acute bleeds, eradicate FVIII-autoantibody production, treat associated diseases, and when possible, eliminate them. Present knowledge about this often overlooked and challenging condition has significantly increased following establishment of recent national and international studies, as will also be reviewed in this article.
MOCS: an object-oriented programming model for multimedia object communication and synchronization (2002)

This paper describes MOCS, an object-oriented programming model for multimedia object communication and synchronization. MOCS serves to hide the details of communication of various types of data over the network and synchronization of the playback of various data streams at the destination system through high-level programming support. In MOCS, the concept of mirror object is used to provide the application a consistent view of the objects in different systems. The concept of composite object is employed to encapsulate the synchronization of multiple data streams. A declarative approach to specify synchronization, which is easy to understand, is advocated. A mechanical way to transform a declarative synchronization specification to operational implementation is devised and implemented in SAMOCS (software architecture for MOCS), which provides application programming interface routines to let the programmer develop distributed multimedia programs more easily.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modified 27-nt dsRNAs with Dramatically Enhanced Stability in Serum and Long-Term RNAi Activity (2007)

The present study describes improved properties of 27-nt dsRNAs over 21-nt siRNAs, and accents on the possibility to use their modifications and conjugates for direct long-term gene silencing in viable cells and animals, avoiding conventional transfectants. Using a Renilla Luciferase gene-silencing system and cultured cell lines, we established that 27-nt dsRNAs possessed about three to five times higher "long-term" RNAi activity than 21-nt siRNAs and 21-nt dsRNAs. Moreover, if RNA duplexes were preincubated with cell-cultured medium for several hours before their transfection in cells, 21-mer completely lost its RNAi effect, while 27-mer, its amino modifications, thiol modifications, and cholesterol conjugates manifested a strong gene silencing. In attempts to clarify the reason(s) for the higher RNAi activity of 27-nt dsRNAs, we found that they were approximately 100 times more stable than 21-nt siRNA and 21-nt dsRNA in cell-cultured medium supplemented with 10% inactivated serum, approximately 50 times more stable in 90% inactivated serum, and approximately six times more stable in active serum. The 5' sense modification was selected as the most stable, accessible to Dicer, and with highest RNAi potential. The RNAi activity of 5' sense modifications was higher even than the activity of nonmodified 27-nt dsRNA. The 5' sense amino modification also did not influence the activity of 21-nt siRNA, right overhang 25/27-nt (R25D/27), and 25D/27-nt RNAs. The stability of 5' sense modified R25D/27-nt and 25D/27-nt RNAs in serum was lower than that of blunt 27-nt dsRNA. However, these asymmetric RNAs were more active than modified and nonmodified blunt 27-nt dsRNAs, which demonstrates the superiority of the asymmetric design. The 5' sense modifications were considered as most appropriate for conjugation with small signal molecules to facilitate the intracellular delivery of RNA duplex, to preserve its RNAi capacity, and to ensure a possibility for rapid long-term gene silencing in viable cells and animals. The 5' sense conjugation with cholesterol approved this assumption.
Bridging the analytical gap between distributed cognition and actor network theory using a tool for information trajectory analysis (2012)

Motivation -- Distributed Cognition (DCog) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) are two related perspectives which can be adopted when studying the relationship between humans and artefacts in collaborative environments. Although these perspectives share similar principles, how these analyses complement each other is not well explored. This paper investigates how TITAN, an information trajectory analysis tool, can be used to gain new insights by bridging the analytical gap between them.
Graphite and Graphene as Perfect Spin Filters (2007)

Based upon the observations (i) that their in-plane lattice constants match almost perfectly and (ii) that their electronic structures overlap in reciprocal space for one spin direction only, we predict perfect spin filtering for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. The spin filtering is quite insensitive to roughness and disorder. The formation of a chemical bond between graphite and the open $d$-shell transition metals that might complicate or even prevent spin injection into a single graphene sheet can be simply prevented by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu while still preserving the ideal spin-injection property.
Role of myc in the abrogation of IL3 dependence of myeloid FDC-P1 cells. (1987)

We have constructed a recombinant retrovirus containing the murine c-myc and the neo gene and introduced the virus into the interleukin-3 (IL3) dependent myeloid cell line FDC-P1. Unregulated expression of the introduced c-myc gene is associated with both an increased viability and constitutive ornithine decarboxylase mRNA levels in FDC-P1 cells grown in the absence of IL3. FDC-P1 cells infected with the c-myc virus gave rise to IL3 independent lines. Three out of four independent lines have an activated endogenous c-myc or N-myc gene. We have also shown that c-myc mRNA levels are tightly regulated by IL3 in FDC-P1 cells. Taken together these results indicate that myc plays a critical role in the signal transduction pathway of IL3. Furthermore, activation of the N-myc gene may be one mechanism for myeloid cells to progress to complete IL3 independence.
PD‐L1 expression is regulated by hypoxia inducible factor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2016)

In our study, we demonstrate that ccRCC cell lines with impaired function of pVHL to degrade HIFα express elevated levels of PD-L1. In vitro analysis provided evidence that both reconstitution of pVHL and silencing of HIF2α, but not of HIF1α, lead to reduced PD-L1 expression. The strong correlation of expression between the HIF2α-specific HIF target Glut1 and PD-L1 confirmed this finding in ccRCC cell lines and tissue. Soluble PD-L1 levels remained constant in the sera of ccRCC patients regardless of the PD-L1 expression status in their tumors. In conclusion, our data suggest PD-L1 as HIF2α target, which is upregulated in pVHL deficient ccRCC. The combination of PD-L1 targeting drugs with HIF inhibiting agents may be an additional option for the treatment of ccRCC.
Jordan Graphs (1998)

In the previous chapter we have pointed out the existence of digital spaces (V,π) for which π,π is a strong Jordan pair. According to Theorem 6.4.1, all 1-simply connected digital spaces are in this category, including by Theorem 6.4.5 (Z N , α N ), (Z N ,δ N ), (Z N , κ N ), (Z N , ε e ) (for any N-dimensional direction vector e) and, when N ≥ 2, (Z N , β s ), for any N-dimensional sign function s. That the digital spaces of this last kind have the stated property also follows directly from Theorem 6.3.13. We have also shown (in Theorem 6.3.14) that the fcc grid with face-adjacency (i.e., (F, β 1 )) also has the stated property. Following [2], we refer to digital spaces with this property as strong Jordan graphs.
Nonlinear silicon-on-insulator waveguides for all-optical signal processing (2007)

Values up to gamma=7 x 10(6)/(W km) for the nonlinear parameter are feasible if silicon-on-insulator based strip and slot waveguides are properly designed. This is more than three orders of magnitude larger than for state-of-the-art highly nonlinear fibers, and it enables ultrafast all-optical signal processing with nonresonant compact devices. At lambda=1.55 microm we provide universal design curves for strip and slot waveguides which are covered with different linear and nonlinear materials, and we calculate the resulting maximum gamma.