gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining success with cellular therapeutics: the current landscape for clinical end point and toxicity analysis (2018)

Cellular therapies play a major and expanding role in the treatment of hematologic diseases. For each of these therapies, a narrow therapeutic window exists, where efficacy is maximized and toxicities minimized. This review focuses on one of the most established cellular therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and one of the newest cellular therapies, chimeric antigen receptor-T cells. In this review, I will discuss the current state of the field for clinical end point analysis with each of these therapeutics, including their critical toxicities, and focus on the major elements of success for each of these complex treatments for hematologic disease.
Biomechanical and Morphological Types of the Linea Alba and its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Midline Incisional Hernia (2001)

A combination of low density and thin fibres in the linea alba could be a predisposing factor for development of midline incisional hernias
WT1 as a Universal Marker for Minimal Residual Disease Detection and Quantification in Myeloid Leukemias and in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2004)

Monitoring of acute leukemia patients during and after treatment for the presence of remaining leukemic cells (minimal residual disease, MRD) has been shown to give major insight into the effectiveness of treatment. However, so far the applicability of this strategy has been limited to those leukemia subsets characterized by genetic markers amenable to sensitive detection by PCR. Although PCR for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangement represents the gold standard for MRD detection in most cases of ALL without any fusion gene transcripts as molecular markers available, the situation in AML is more complicated because, at present, more than 50% of them lack any sort of clonality markers suitable for MRD monitoring. Thus, a number of studies have been performed in an attempt to identify cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities associated with leukemic transformation. In this paper we describe the effectiveness of the quantitative assessment of the Wilms tumor gene (WT1) transcript as a molecular marker for the detection of the leukemic clone useful for monitoring the presence of MRD in all the patients affected by acute and chronic leukemias as well as myelodysplastic syndromes.
Anifrolumab, an Anti–Interferon‐α Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderate‐to‐Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2016)

Anifrolumab substantially reduced disease activity compared with placebo across multiple clinical end points in the patients with moderate-to-severe SLE.
Patterning of the embryo: the first spatial decisions in the life of a mouse (2002)

Although in most species the polarity of the embryo takes its roots from the spatial patterning of the egg, mammals were viewed as an exception. This was because the anteroposterior polarity of the mouse embryo could not be seen until gastrulation, and no developmental cues were known that could define polarity at earlier stages. Why should we now re-consider this view? While mechanisms of axis formation in mammals could, in principle, be unique, the evolutionary conservation of numerous other developmental processes raises the question of why mammals would have evolved a different way or timing of organising their embryonic polarity. Indeed, recent evidence shows that well before the onset of gastrulation, the mouse embryo initiates asymmetric patterns of gene expression in its visceral endoderm. Although this extra-embryonic tissue does not contribute to the body itself, it is involved in axis formation. Other recent work has revealed that spatial distribution of cells in the visceral endoderm can be traced back to polarity present at the blastocyst stage. These insights have raised the possibility that embryonic polarity might also originate early during development of mammalian embryos. Indeed it now appears that there are at least two spatial cues that operate in the mouse egg to shape polarity of the blastocyst. One of these is at the animal pole, which is defined by the site of female meiosis, and another is associated with the position of sperm entry. In this review I discuss these recent findings, which have led to the recognition that mouse embryos initiate development of their polarity at the earliest stages of their life. This novel perspective raises questions about the nature of cellular and molecular mechanisms that could convert developmental cues in the zygote to axes of the blastocyst, and hence into polarity of the post-implantation embryo. It also brings to light the need to understand how such mechanisms could enable early mouse development to be so regulative.
Characterization of the vls antigenic variation loci of the Lyme disease spirochaetes Borrelia garinii Ip90 and Borrelia afzelii ACAI (2003)

The vls locus of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 consists of 15 silent cassettes and one expression site (vlsE), and the presence of the encoding plasmid lp28-1 correlates with high infectivity. Recombination between the expression cassette and silent cassettes occurs in vivo, and this process may enable B. burgdorferi to evade the immune response. To determine the characteristics of the vls loci in other Borrelia strains, we have cloned and characterized the vls silent cassette loci of Borrelia garinii Ip90 and Borrelia afzelii ACAI, consisting of 11 vls silent cassettes and 14 vls silent cassettes respectively. The silent cassettes share 90-97% nucleotide sequence identity with one another within the Ip90 vls locus and 84-91% within the ACAI vls locus. In both organisms, the silent cassettes resemble the B31 Vls sequences in overall amino acid similarity (50-65%) and in the presence of six variable regions interspersed between six relatively invariant regions. The vlsE expression sites of these two strains have not been isolated, but transcripts of vlsE were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for both Ip90 and ACAI. In addition, the occurrence of sequence variation within the vlsE cassette region of these transcripts was verified. This study indicates that the vls loci present in B. garinii Ip90 and B. afzelii ACAI have characteristics similar to those found in B. burgdorferi B31.
Point-less calibration: Camera parameters from gradient-based alignment to edge images (2012)

Point-based targets, such as checkerboards, are often not practical for outdoor camera calibration, as cameras are usually at significant heights requiring extremely large calibration patterns on the ground. Fortunately, it is possible to make use of existing non-point landmarks in the scene by formulating camera calibration in terms of image alignment. In this paper, we simultaneously estimate the camera intrinsic, extrinsic and lens distortion parameters directly by aligning to a planar schematic of the scene. For cameras with square pixels and known principal point, finding the parameters to such an image warp is equivalent to calibrating the camera. Overhead schematics of many environments resemble edge images. Edge images are difficult to align using image-based algorithms because both the image and its gradient are sparse. We employ a `long range' gradient which enables informative parameter updates at each iteration while maintaining a precise alignment measure. As a result, we are able to calibrate our camera models robustly using regular gradient-based image alignment, given an initial ground to image homography estimate.
Thermal Conductivity of Polymers (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Conductivity of PolymersD. R. AndersonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1966, 66, 6, 677–690Publication Date (Print):October 19, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60244a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60244a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3279Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Germ Line KRAS Mutations (2007)

Germ line missense mutations in HRAS and KRAS and in genes encoding molecules that function up- or downstream of Ras in cellular signaling networks cause a group of related developmental disorders that includes Costello syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. We performed detailed biochemical and functional studies of three mutant K-Ras proteins (P34R, D153V, and F156L) found in individuals with Noonan syndrome and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. Mutant K-Ras proteins demonstrate a range of gain-of-function effects in different cell types, and biochemical analysis supports the idea that the intrinsic Ras guanosine nucleotide triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, the responsiveness of these proteins to GTPase-activating proteins, and guanine nucleotide dissociation all regulate developmental programs in vivo.
DAP12 Signaling Directly Augments Proproliferative Cytokine Stimulation of NK Cells during Viral Infections (2006)

NK cells vigorously proliferate during viral infections. During the course of murine CMV infection, this response becomes dominated by the preferential proliferation of NK cells that express the activation receptor Ly49H. The factors driving such selective NK cell proliferation have not been characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that preferential NK cell proliferation is dependent on DAP12-mediated signaling following the binding of Ly49H to its virally encoded ligand, m157. Ly49H signaling through DAP12 appears to directly augment NK cell sensitivity to low concentrations of proproliferative cytokines such as IL-15. The impact of Ly49H-mediated signaling on NK cell proliferation is masked in the presence of high concentrations of proproliferative cytokines that nonselectively drive all NK cells to proliferate.
Wild Type, Mutant Protein Unfolding and Phase Transition Detected by Single-Nanopore Recording (2012)

Understanding protein folding remains a challenge. A difficulty is to investigate experimentally all the conformations in the energy landscape. Only single molecule methods, fluorescence and force spectroscopy, allow observing individual molecules along their folding pathway. Here we observe that single-nanopore recording can be used as a new single molecule method to explore the unfolding transition and to examine the conformational space of native or variant proteins. We show that we can distinguish unfolded states from partially folded ones with the aerolysin pore. The unfolding transition curves of the destabilized variant are shifted toward the lower values of the denaturant agent compared to the wild type protein. The dynamics of the partially unfolded wild type protein follows a first-order transition. The denaturation curve obtained with the aerolysin pore is similar to that obtained with the α-hemolysin pore. The nanopore geometry or net charge does not influence the folding transition but changes the dynamics.
Near-field optical microscopy of two-dimensional photonic and plasmonic crystals (1999)

Near-field optical images of electromagnetic mode structures in two-dimensional photonic and plasmonic crystals are presented. Interference patterns of plasmon Bloch waves in a plasmonic crystal have been observed. Fourier analysis of the photonic crystal images allows the reconstruction of the refractive index spatial distribution in the crystal. A similar procedure performed on images of a plasmonic crystal allows the recovery of parameters of the surface plasmon interaction with the periodic grooves that constitute the plasmonic crystal structure.
GROUND‐PENETRATING RADAR FOR HIGH‐RESOLUTION MAPPING OF SOIL AND ROCK STRATIGRAPHY1 (1989)

ABSTRACT Ground‐penetrating radar is a technique which offers a new way of viewing shallow soil and rock conditions. The need to better understanding overburden conditions for activities such as geochemical sampling, geotechnical investigations, and placer exploration, as well as the factors controlling groundwater flow, has generated an increasing demand for techniques which can image the subsurface with higher resolution than previously possible. The areas of application for ground‐penetrating radar are diverse. The method has been used successfully to map ice thickness, water depth in lakes, bedrock depth, soil stratigraphy, and water table depth. It is also used to delineate rock fabric, detect voids and identify karst features. The effective application of the radar for the high‐resolution definition of soil stratigraphy and fractures in bedrock is highlighted. The basic principles and practices involved in acquiring high quality radar data in the field are illustrated by selected case histories. One example demonstrates how radar has been used to map the bedrock and delineate soil horizons to a depth of more than 20 m. Two case histories show how radar has been used to map fractures and changes of rock type to 40 m range from inside a mine. Another case history demonstrates how radar has also been used to detect and map the extent of groundwater contamination. The corroboration of the radar results by borehole investigations demonstrates the power and utility of the high‐resolution radar method as an aid for interpolation and extrapolation of the information obtained with conventional coring programmes. With the advent of new instrumentation and field procedures, the routine application of the radar method is becoming economically viable and the method will see expanded use in the future.
CloseGraph (2003)

Recent research on pattern discovery has progressed form mining frequent itemsets and sequences to mining structured patterns including trees, lattices, and graphs. As a general data structure, graph can model complicated relations among data with wide applications in bioinformatics, Web exploration, and etc. However, mining large graph patterns in challenging due to the presence of an exponential number of frequent subgraphs. Instead of mining all the subgraphs, we propose to mine closed frequent graph patterns. A graph g is closed in a database if there exists no proper supergraph of g that has the same support as g. A closed graph pattern mining algorithm, CloseGraph, is developed by exploring several interesting pruning methods. Our performance study shows that CloseGraph not only dramatically reduces unnecessary subgraphs to be generated but also substantially increases the efficiency of mining, especially in the presence of large graph patterns.
<title>New planetary rovers for long-range Mars science and sample return</title> (1998)

There are significant international efforts underway to place mobile robots (`rovers') on the surface of Mars. This follows on the recent successful NASA Mars Pathfinder flight of summer 1997. In that mission, the 11+ Kg Sojourner rover explored a small 50 meter locale about its lander over a several week period. Future planned science missions of the Mars Surveyor Program are more aggressive, seeking to autonomously survey planetary climate, life and resources over multiple kilometers and many months duration. These missions will also retrieve collected sample materials back to a Mars Ascent Vehicle for more detailed analysis on Earth. In support of these future missions we are developing and field testing new rover technology concepts. We first overview the design and initial operations of SRR-1 (Sample Return Rover), a novel 10 kg-class four wheel, hybrid composite-metal vehicle for rapid (10 - 30 cm/sec) autonomous location, rendezvous, and retrieval of collected samples under integrated visual and beacon guidance. SRR is a light 88 X 55 X 36 (LWH) cm<SUP>3</SUP> vehicle collapsing to less than one third its deployed field volume, and carrying a powerful, visually-servoed all-composite manipulator. We then sketch development of the FIDO rover (Field Integrated Design and Operations), a new 50+ kg, six wheel, approximately 100 X 80 X 50 (LWH) cm<SUP>3</SUP>, high mobility, multi-km range science vehicle which includes mast-mounted multi-spectral stereo, bore-sighted IR point spectrometer, robot arm with attached microscope, and body- mounted rock sampling corer. Currently in integration phase, FIDO rover will first be tested in September, 1998, `MarsYard (JPL)' operations, followed by CY99 full-scale terrestrial field simulations of a planned Mars '03 multi- kilometer roving mission (Athena-based science rover payload), demonstrating remote science selection, autonomous navigation, in situ sample analysis, and robotic sample collection functions.
Preemptive Analgesia—Treating Postoperative Pain by Preventing the Establishment of Central Sensitization (1993)

Woolf, Clifford J. MB, BCh PhD, MRCP; Chong, Mun-Seng BSc, MB, BS, MRCP Author Information
Identification of MHC class II-restricted T-cell epitopes in prostate-specific membrane antigen. (2003)

An effective tumor vaccine may be required to induce both CTLs and T-helper (Th) responses against tumor-associated antigens. CD4+ Th cells that recognize MHC class II-restricted epitopes play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of antitumor immune responses. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in prostate cancer and thus is a potential target for prostate cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we attempted to identify Th epitopes derived from PSMA for enhancing prostate cancer vaccine by eliciting PSMA-specific Th responses. We first screened a panel of six epitope peptide candidates selected with the TEPITOPE program and found that all six peptides induced peptide-specific T-cell proliferation from one or more donors with estimated T-cell precursor frequencies of 0-4.17 x 10(-6). We then established peptide-specific T-cell clones for five of these six peptides and demonstrated that the T-cell clone specific for the PSMA(459) epitope (NYTLRVDCTPLMYSL) can recognize processed antigens from recombinant PSMA proteins. The PSMA(459) peptide was found to induce CD4+ T-cell responses in healthy individuals and prostate cancer patients with different HLA-DR alleles. To test the potential clinical application, human HLA-DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with PSMA(459) peptide and we found that PSMA(459) peptide immunization activated T cells that specifically responded to antigenic peptides derived from PSMA proteins and PSMA-positive tumor. Thus, the naturally processed Th epitope PSMA(459) could be included in prostate tumor vaccines to enhance PSMA-specific CTL responses.
Comparison of Ultrasound/Ultraviolet-C and Laser for Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury (1994)

Ultrasound/ultraviolet-C may decrease healing time and may allow faster return to rehabilitation programs, work, and leisure activities for patients with spinal cord injury who have pressure ulcers.
Characterization of a rituximab variant with potent antitumor activity against rituximab-resistant B-cell lymphoma (2009)

Despite widespread use of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, in treating B-cell lymphomas, its efficacy remains variable and often modest. A better understanding of rituximab-mediated killing mechanisms is essential to develop more effective therapeutic agents. In this study, we modulated the binding property of rituximab by introducing several point mutations in its complementarity-determining regions. The data showed that changing the binding avidity of rituximab in the range from 10(-8) to 10(-10) M could regulate its antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity but not affect its complement-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing activity in B-lymphoma cells. Contradictory to previous findings, we found that the complement-dependent cytotoxicity potency of CD20 mAb was independent of the off-rate. Despite still being a type I CD20 mAb, a rituximab triple mutant (H57DE/H102YK/L93NR), which had a similar binding avidity to a double mutant (H57DE/H102YK), was unexpectedly found to have extremely potent apoptosis-inducing activity. Moreover, this triple mutant, which was demonstrated to efficiently initiate both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis, exhibited potent in vivo therapeutic efficacy, even in the rituximab-resistant lymphoma model, suggesting that it might be a promising therapeutic agent for B-cell lymphomas.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of anxiolytic drugs (2013)

There is a need for a more balanced assessment of the benefits and risks associated with benzodiazepine use, particularly considering pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs to ensure that patients, who would truly benefit from these agents, are not denied appropriate treatment. An optimal pharmacological approach involving an integrative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic optimization strategy would ensure better treatment and personalization of anxiety disorders. So it would be desirable for the development of new anxiolytic drug(s) that are more selective, fast acting and free from the unwanted effects associated with the traditional benzodiazepines as tolerance or dependence.
Quantification of aspirated air volume reduces treatment time in pneumothorax (1990)

In 62 consecutive cases of pneumothorax, suction treatment was applied by a new method using a recently-developed vacuum pump (Pleupump) allowing the quantification of the volume of air through the chest drain. The previous 62 cases of pneumothorax treated with standard suction equipment were used as a control group. The new technique resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean suction treatment time from 8.1 to 4.8 days in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. The mean total number of days in hospital was reduced from 10.0 to 6.5. This was accomplished without an increase in the number of complications or recurrences of the pneumothorax.
Geometrically Mediated Breakup of Drops in Microfluidic Devices (2004)

Microfluidic technology offers capabilities for the precise handling of small fluid volumes dispersed as droplets. To fully exploit this potential requires simultaneous generation of multiple size droplets. We demonstrate two methods for passively breaking larger drops into precisely controlled daughter drops using pressure-driven flow in simple microfluidic configurations: (i) a T junction and (ii) flow past isolated obstacles. We quantify conditions for breakup at a T junction and illustrate sequential breakup at T junctions for making small drops at high dispersed phase volume fractions.
Dysregulation of CD47 and the ligands thrombospondin 1 and 2 in multiple myeloma (2007)

CD47 and thrombospondin 1 and 2 (TSP1 and TSP2) expression were analysed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in fluorescence-activated cell sorted plasma cells (PCs) from patients at consecutive stages of multiple myeloma (MM) development. 80% of MM patients, but only 39% of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) expressed CD47; median expression level increased 10-fold with progression from MGUS to MM. Elevated TSP1/TSP2 levels occurred in bone marrow cultures from MM patients compared with healthy donors. CD47 and TSP1/TSP2 may have a potential role in the pathophysiology of MM, probably in the interaction between MM PCs and the microenvironment.