gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Regular Exercise in Pregnant Women (2003)

In recent years with ever-increasing numbers of pregnant women wanting to participate in sport activities, the question as to how safe maternal exercise is for mother and fetus has become more important. The effects of pregnancy on maternal cardio-respiratory system include increases in oxygen consumption, cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, and plasma volume. The increase in oxygen reserve seen in early pregnancy is reduced later, suggesting that maternal exercise may present a greater physiological stress in the third trimester. The aims of this article are 1) to comment on the evidence relating to the health risks and benefits of physical activity for pregnant women and their unborn fetuses and 2) to realize guidelines for management of maternal exercise. In the absence of either obstetric or medical complications, pregnant women can continue to exercise and derive related benefits. The type, intensity, frequency, and duration of the exercise seem to be important determinants of its beneficial effects. Evidence suggests that weight-bearing exercise produces a greater decrease in oxygen reserve than non weight-bearing exercise. Furthermore, to maintain a heart rate below 150 beats per minute during pregnancy, the intensity of weight-bearing exercise must be reduced. In addition, depending on the individual's needs and the physiologic changes associated with pregnancy, women may have to modify their specific exercise regimens. Although increases in the frequency of uterine contractions have been observed during physical activities, changes are often minimal. In response to moderate exercise, the increase in frequency of uterine contractions is gestation dependent and significant in the third but not in the second trimester. The physiological adaptations to exercise during pregnancy appear to protect the fetus from potential harm and, while an upper level of safe activity has not been established, the benefits of continuing to be active during pregnancy appear to outweigh any potential risks. All decisions about participation in physical activity during pregnancy should however be made by women in consultation with their medical advisers.
Bounded biharmonic weights for real-time deformation (2011)

Object deformation with linear blending dominates practical use as the fastest approach for transforming raster images, vector graphics, geometric models and animated characters. Unfortunately, linear blending schemes for skeletons or cages are not always easy to use because they may require manual weight painting or modeling closed polyhedral envelopes around objects. Our goal is to make the design and control of deformations simpler by allowing the user to work freely with the most convenient combination of handle types. We develop linear blending weights that produce smooth and intuitive deformations for points, bones and cages of arbitrary topology. Our weights, called bounded biharmonic weights, minimize the Laplacian energy subject to bound constraints. Doing so spreads the influences of the controls in a shape-aware and localized manner, even for objects with complex and concave boundaries. The variational weight optimization also makes it possible to customize the weights so that they preserve the shape of specified essential object features. We demonstrate successful use of our blending weights for real-time deformation of 2D and 3D shapes.
The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2019)

This network meta-analysis suggests an association between different vaginal bacterial community types and the risk of HPV.
Scan blindness in infinite phased arrays of printed dipoles (1984)

A comprehensive study of infinite phased arrays of printed dipole antennas is presented, with emphasis on the scan blindness phenomenon. A rigorus and efficient moment method procedure is used to calculate the array impedance versus scan angle. Data are presented for the input reflection coefficient for various element spacings and substrate parameters. A simple theory, based on coupling from Floquet modes to surface wave modes on the substrate, is shown to predict the occurrence of scan blindness. Measurements from a waveguide simulator of a blindness condition confirm the theory.
Effects of Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes, and Glial Precursors in vitro (1991)

Microglia and astrocytes undergo proliferative and differentiative changes in vivo after trauma or diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Oligodendrocytes are destroyed in lesions in MS. Interleukin-1 (IL1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) are involved in inflammation of the central nervous system and are elevated in MS. We have investigated the changes in cell morphology and cell number induced by IL1 and TNF alpha in purified and mixed populations of primary rat brain microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial precursors. Depending on the target population, proliferation, differentiation, or inhibition of cultured cells was observed. The data also suggest that interactions among cell populations occur and support the hypothesis that IL1 and TNF alpha effects may be indirect, possibly through induction of other factors.
RhoA/Rho-Associated Kinase Pathway Selectively Regulates Thrombin-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells via Activation of IκB Kinase β and Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 (2004)

We investigated the involvement of the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in regulating ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by the procoagulant, thrombin. Exposure of HUVECs to C3 exoenzyme, a selective inhibitor of Rho, markedly reduced thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression. Inhibition of ROCK, the downstream effector of Rho, also prevented thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression. Blockade of thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression was secondary to inhibition of NF-kappaB activity, the key regulator of ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. In parallel studies we observed that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by the same pharmacological and genetic approaches failed to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1 expression. The effect of RhoA/ROCK inhibition on thrombin-induced NF-kappaB activation was secondary to inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation and subsequent IkappaBalpha degradation and nuclear uptake and the DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway also prevented phosphorylation of Ser(536) within the transactivation domain 1 of NF-kappaB p65/RelA, a critical event conferring transcriptional competency to the bound NF-kappaB. Thus, the RhoA/ROCK pathway signals thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression through the activation of IkappaB kinase, which promotes NF-kappaB binding to ICAM-1 promoter and phosphorylation of RelA/p65, thus mediating the transcriptional activation of bound NF-kappaB.
Enzymes of Glycerolipid Synthesis in Eukaryotes (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Copolymers of starch and polyacrylonitrile: The dilution effect (1969)

Abstract In the ceric ammonium nitrate‐initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0.235 moles/l. of water, respectively. The influence of variety of starch, size of the starch granules, and reaction time was studied, and possible reasons for the influence of reactant concentration on the composition of the copolymer are considered.
Broad-band continuous-wave parametric wavelength conversion in silicon nanowaveguides (2007)

We demonstrate highly broad-band frequency conversion via four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides. Through appropriate engineering of the waveguide dimensions, conversion bandwidths greater than 150 nm are achieved and peak conversion efficiencies of -9.6 dB are demonstrated. Furthermore, utilizing fourth-order dispersion, wave-length conversion across four telecommunication bands from 1477 nm (S-band) to 1672 nm (U-band) is demonstrated with an efficiency of -12 dB.
Hippocampal NCAM180 transiently increases sialylation during the acquisition and consolidation of a passive avoidance response in the adult rat (1992)

Synaptic connectivity change is a consistent anatomical feature of memory formation and the possibility that this is mediated by a replay of neurodevelopmental events has been investigated by measuring change in neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation state during the acquisition and consolidation of a passive avoidance response in the adult rat. The avoidance response was always generated after two to three trials and the animals remained on the platform for the criterion time of 5 min. In all cases training was complete within 5-8 min. Change in sialylation state was monitored following intraventricular infusion of the 3H-ManNAc precursor at 4 hr prior to the reference point. No task-specific change in general glycoconjugate sialylation was apparent in hippocampal P2 pellets at increasing times following training. Increased sialylation state was observed only in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) immunoprecipitates of hippocampal membrane fractions at 12 and 24 hr after training. Change in hippocampal sialylation state could not be attributed to an increased accumulation of NCAM as detected by an immunoabsorbent assay. Immunoblotting of antibody precipitated NCAM demonstrated the 3H-ManNAc to be incorporated into the synapse-specific, 180 kDa isoform of NCAM and a novel 210 kDa isoform. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting procedures with an antibody specific for a2-8-polysialic acid showed the 180 and 210 kDa isoforms to be polysialylated. The role of NCAM180 sialylation as a mechanism for synapse selection in information storage is discussed.
Tregitope mechanism of action and applications for tolerance induction. (116.8) (2012)

Abstract Tregitopes are T cell epitopes naturally located in immunoglobulins that bind to multiple MHC Class II alleles and induce regulatory T cell (Treg) responses. Harnessing tolerogenic effects of Tregitopes provides a novel tool to suppress unwanted immune responses and maintain antigen-specific tolerance, thus changing treatment paradigms in autoimmunity. We have now demonstrated that APCs present Tregitopes to natural (n) Treg, engage feedback mechanisms promoting a tolerogenic APC phenotype, induce Treg expansion, and modulate antigen-specific effector T cell responses. Proportions of APC expressing MHC II, CD80, and CD86 are suppressed, consistent with reported effects of IVIG (Bayry et al. Blood, 2003, 101:758) and of the IgG-derived peptide hCDR1 (Sela et al. Immunology, 2009, 128:395). Moreover, we observed significant increases in proportions of IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ FoxP3-expressing nTreg in the presence of Tregitopes. These studies are an exciting first step towards understanding the basic mechanism of Tregitope tolerance induction that we propose to be as follows: 1) APC present Tregitopes to nTreg, 2) nTreg are activated to proliferate and produce IL-10, 3) nTreg provide tolerogenic feedback signals to APC, modulating the APC phenotype, and 4) nTreg and tolerogenic APC together suppress antigen-specific T cell responses. These data suggest a role for Tregitopes in the mechanism of action for IVIG, and provide insight critical for future therapeutic applications.
Sum of Squares Method for Sensor Network Localization (2006)

This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to its publication
Reducing high levels of communication apprehension among primary schoolstudents: Can teachers make a difference? (1999)

This study, conducted over a 20 week period, focused on a group of primary school teachers as they implemented a variety of intervention actions, within their class programs, directed towards supporting the reduction of high levels of communication apprehension (CA) among students. Six teachers and nine students, located across three primary schools, six class groups, and four year levels, participated in the study. An action research paradigm incorporating a series of case studies was used to describe each teacher's journey as he/she responded to the diverse needs of individual students with high CA levels. The principal data collection methods used in this study included the Personal Report of Communication Fear (PRCF) scale, semistructured interviews, and dialogue journaling. The PRCF scale was used as a screening tool to identify students experiencing high levels of CA. Semistructured interviews, conducted by the researcher at the beginning and conclusion of the action research process, provided valuable information relevant to each student. Dialogue journaling was the medium by which teachers engaged in written discourse with the researcher, discussing the growth, development, and progress of individual students. Entries in dialogue journals comprised a significant component of each teacher's case study. Six case studies document the teacher's action research journey. These case studies recount the teacher's perceptions of their endeavours to minimise the problems that arise with primary school students experiencing high CA levels. In particular, they highlight the fact that teachers are faced with diverse problems and plan to resolve these in different ways.
IFN-γ promotes IL-6 and IgM secretion in response to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides (1996)

Lymphocyte recognition of characteristic structural features in microbial DNA may contribute to immune defense by promoting protective immune responses. The dinucleotide CpG is significantly under-represented in vertebrate DNA and is usually methylated. In contrast, CpG dinucleotides are generally present at the expected frequency in bacterial DNA and are unmethylated. These unmethylated CpG motifs induce B cells to secrete IL-6 and IgM, and can induce NK and CD4+ T cells to produce the immunoregulatory Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma inhibits IgM secretion that is triggered by a different bacterial product, LPS. The present study demonstrates that in contrast to its antagonistic interaction with LPS, IFN-gamma causes a dose-dependent increase in the level of IgM secretion induced by CpG DNA. Like IgM secretion, B cell secretion of IL-6 more than doubles after the addition of exogenous IFN-gamma. Mice with disrupted IFN-gamma genes produced less than half as much IL-6 and IgM in response to CpG DNA, supporting the hypothesis that CpG-induced IFN-gamma production contributes to the B cell response. In contrast to its promotion of IL-6 and IgM secretion, IFN-gamma did not significantly affect the spleen cell proliferation activated by CpG motifs. These results indicate that IFN-gamma produced by T and NK cells after CpG DNA stimulation contributes to the B cell production of IL-6 and the subsequent Ig production. These studies provide further evidence that the immune system responds to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA by activating a coordinated set of humoral and cellular responses.
Reversible inhibition of normal human prokeratinocyte proliferation by type beta transforming growth factor-growth inhibitor in serum-free medium. (1986)

Type beta transforming growth factor-growth inhibitor (TGF beta/GI) causes normal human prokeratinocytes to arrest growth predominantly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle within 48 h after log phase cultures are exposed to the factor in serum-free medium. The growth arrest induced by TGF beta/GI is reversible because the cells from treated cultures can be replated into fresh medium and grown into large colonies. Normal prokeratinocytes are demonstrated to secrete TGF beta/GI-like molecules into the culture medium and to have specific cell surface receptors for this molecule. In contrast, a human squamous cell carcinoma, SCC-25, does not arrest growth when exposed to TGF beta/GI. These cells, unlike the normal prokeratinocytes, do not exhibit detectable cell surface receptors for the factor.
Analysis of EST-Driven Gene Annotation in Human Genomic Sequence (1998)

We have performed a systematic analysis of gene identification in genomic sequence by similarity search against expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to assess the suitability of this method for automated annotation of the human genome. A BLAST-based strategy was constructed to examine the potential of this approach, and was applied to test sets containing all human genomic sequences longer than 5 kb in public databases, plus 300 kb of exhaustively characterized benchmark sequence. At high stringency, 70%-90% of all annotated genes are detected by near-identity to EST sequence; >95% of ESTs aligning with well-annotated sequences overlap a gene. These ESTs provide immediate access to the corresponding cDNA clones for follow-up laboratory verification and subsequent biologic analysis. At lower stringency, up to 97% of annotated genes were identified by similarity to ESTs. The apparent false-positive rate rose to 55% of ESTs among all sequences and 20% among benchmark sequences at the lowest stringency, indicating that many genes in public database entries are unannotated. Approximately half of the alignments span multiple exons, and thus aid in the construction of gene predictions and elucidation of alternative splicing. In addition, ESTs from multiple cDNA libraries frequently cluster over genes, providing a starting point for crude expression profiles. Clone IDs may be used to form EST pairs, and particularly to extend models by associating alignments of lower stringency with high-quality alignments. These results demonstrate that EST similarity search is a practical general-purpose annotation technique that complements pattern recognition methods as a tool for gene characterization.
Engineering of the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for the Production of Glycoproteins Lacking the Outer-Chain Mannose Residues of N-Glycans (2007)

In an attempt to engineer a Yarrowia lipolytica strain to produce glycoproteins lacking the outer-chain mannose residues of N-linked oligosaccharides, we investigated the functions of the OCH1 gene encoding a putative alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase in Y. lipolytica. The complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae och1 mutation by the expression of YlOCH1 and the lack of in vitro alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity in the Yloch1 null mutant indicated that YlOCH1 is a functional ortholog of S. cerevisiae OCH1. The oligosaccharides assembled on two secretory glycoproteins, the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I and the endogenous Y. lipolytica lipase, from the Yloch1 null mutant contained a single predominant species, the core oligosaccharide Man8GlcNAc2, whereas those from the wild-type strain consisted of oligosaccharides with heterogeneous sizes, Man8GlcNAc2 to Man12GlcNAc2. Digestion with alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,6-mannosidase of the oligosaccharides from the wild-type and Yloch1 mutant strains strongly supported the possibility that the Yloch1 mutant strain has a defect in adding the first alpha-1,6-linked mannose to the core oligosaccharide. Taken together, these results indicate that YlOCH1 plays a key role in the outer-chain mannosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides in Y. lipolytica. Therefore, the Yloch1 mutant strain can be used as a host to produce glycoproteins lacking the outer-chain mannoses and further developed for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins containing human-compatible oligosaccharides.
Disposition and metabolism of cabotegravir: a comparison of biotransformation and excretion between different species and routes of administration in humans (2015)

1. Cabotegravir [(3S,11aR)-N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide] is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor under development as a tablet for both oral lead-in therapy and long-acting (LA) injectable for intramuscular dosing. 2. Metabolism, pharmacokinetics and excretion were investigated in healthy human subjects who received either a single oral dose (28.2 mg) of [(14)C]cabotegravir in a mass balance study, or LA formulations of unlabeled cabotegravir (200-800 mg), intramuscularly or subcutaneously, in a separate study. Metabolism, distribution and excretion of [(14)C]cabotegravir were also investigated in mice, rats and monkeys. 3. Recovery of radioactivity in humans represented a mean total of 85.3% of the dose, including 26.8% in the urine. The mean apparent terminal phase half-life was similar for both cabotegravir and radioactivity, 39 h compared to 41 h. 4. Following oral, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, cabotegravir was the major component in plasma and the glucuronic acid conjugate (M1) represented the predominant component in urine. Cabotegravir was present in bile along with its major metabolite (M1). 5. The primary metabolite of [(14)C]cabotegravir in mouse, rat and monkey was the same as that in human. In vitro phenotyping experiments demonstrated that cabotegravir was metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and UGT1A9.
Gremlin regulates renal inflammation via the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 pathway (2015)

Inflammation is a main feature of progressive kidney disease. Gremlin binds to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), acting as an antagonist and regulating nephrogenesis and fibrosis among other processes. Gremlin also binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) in endothelial cells to induce angiogenesis. In renal cells, gremlin regulates proliferation and fibrosis, but there are no data about inflammatory-related events. We have investigated the direct effects of gremlin in the kidney, evaluating whether VEGFR2 is a functional gremlin receptor. Administration of recombinant gremlin to murine kidneys induced rapid and sustained activation of VEGFR2 signalling, located in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Gremlin bound to VEGFR2 in these cells in vitro, activating this signalling pathway independently of its action as an antagonist of BMPs. In vivo, gremlin caused early renal damage, characterized by activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway linked to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors and infiltration of immune inflammatory cells. VEGFR2 blockade diminished gremlin-induced renal inflammatory responses. The link between gremlin/VEGFR2 and NF-κB/inflammation was confirmed in vitro. Gremlin overexpression was associated with VEGFR2 activation in human renal disease and in the unilateral ureteral obstruction experimental model, where VEGFR2 kinase inhibition diminished renal inflammation. Our data show that a gremlin/VEGFR2 axis participates in renal inflammation and could be a novel target for kidney disease.