gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation and performance of a turbo/MAP decoder (1998)

The implementation and performance of a turbo/MAP decoder are described. A serial block MAP decoder operating in the logarithm domain is used to obtain a very-high-performance turbo decoder. Programmable gate arrays and EPROMs allow the decoder to be programmed for almost any code from four to 512 states, rate 1/3 to rate 1/7 (higher rates are achieved with puncturing) and interleaver block sizes to 65,536 bits. Seven decoding stages were implemented in parallel. For rate 1/3 and 1/7 16-state codes with an interleaver size of 65,536 bits and operating at up to 356 kbit/s the codec achieved an Eb/N0 of 0⋅32 and −0⋅30 dB respectively for a BER of 10−5. BERs down to 10−7 were also achieved for a small increase in Eb/N0. An efficient implementation of a continuous MAP decoder is also presented, along with a synchronization technique for turbo decoders. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in Virus Research : Volume 89 (1985)

Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology
Polarisation Maintaining Figure-8 Laser (1993)

Passively mode-locked, erbium-doped fibre lasers have received considerable recent attention because of their ability to generate ultrashort, transform-limited soliton pulses. Figure-8 [1,2], ring [31 and linear [41 cavity configurations have been developed based on nonlinear Sagnac and polarisation switches respectively. Pulse durations ranging from several picoseconds down effectively to the limit defined by the erbium bandwidth (~ 100 fs) have now been demonstrated directly at the output of such lasers [5,6]. However, questions concerning the practical application of such lasers remain, particularly the question of environmental stability.
Leuconostoc inhae sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi (2003)

Six strains of a hitherto unknown bacterium isolated from kimchi, a fermented vegetable food produced in Korea, were characterized by using phenotypic methods, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization. The novel strains were gram-positive, non-spore-forming, heterofermentative and spherical or lenticular lactic acid bacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA relatedness demonstrated that the unknown strains represented a novel clade within the genus Leuconostoc and were close to, but distinct from, Leuconostoc gelidum. The unknown strains were clearly distinguished from all described members of the genus Leuconostoc by using RFLP pattems of genus-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR products with a single endonuclease, BsmAI. Based on the polyphasic evidence, the unknown isolates are classified as Leuconostoc inhae sp. nov. The type strain is strain IH003T (= KCTC 3774T = DSM 15101T).
Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Lipopeptides by Chemoselective Ligation (1996)

Completely unprotected peptides carrying chemoselectively addressable groups react under very mild conditions with free reducing sugars or lipidic aldehydes to form glycopeptides or lipopeptides (for example the somatostatin analogue 1) of any desired structural complexity.
Nocturnal Blood Pressure and Relation to Vasoactive Hormones and Renal Function in Hypertension and Chronic Renal Failure (1997)

The purpose of this study was to assess the blood pressure profile and to measure vasoactive hormones in patients with essential hypertension (n=61), secondary hypertension (n=32) and chronic renal failure (n=32) matched with healthy control subjects (n=35), and to study the relationship between circadian changes in blood pressure and baseline levels of vasoactive hormones and renal function. Non-invasive, automatic blood pressure measurement was performed for 24 or 48 h. Venous plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide and endothelin were measured. The mean 24-h blood pressure was higher in all groups of hypertensive patients than in control subjects. The nocturnal blood pressure fall was preserved in essential hypertension, in contrast to secondary hypertension in which it was attenuated. In the patients with chronic renal failure the 24-h mean blood pressure was the same as in the controls. Night-time blood pressure was higher among the chronic renal failure patients than in the control group, and the nightly blood pressure fall in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure was reduced. Plasma concentrations of renin activity, arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone and endothelin were significantly increased in secondary hypertension and chronic renal failure, compared to essential hypertension and control subjects. Plasma angiotensin II was increased in chronic renal failure compared to essential hypertension and controls. Estimated creatinine clearance and nightly blood pressure dips were inversely correlated in essential and secondary hypertension, i.e. with a decreasing renal function both systolic and diastolic nightly blood pressure dips were gradually attenuated. In the whole group of patients the nightly systolic and diastolic blood pressure dips were negatively correlated to basal plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide levels, i.e. the higher the basal plasma hormone level the lower the blood pressure dip. In conclusion, patients with essential hypertension have elevated but normally configured 24-h blood pressure profiles, and patients with different kinds of secondary hypertension have elevated 24-h blood pressure profiles and attenuated nightly systolic and diastolic blood pressure falls. The more the renal function is reduced and the more the plasma levels of renin and aldosterone are increased, the more the nocturnal fall in blood pressure is reduced. It is suggested that the attenuated or absent decrease in nocturnal blood pressure in secondary renal hypertension is caused by an abnormally increased secretion of vasoactive hormones and/or by so far unknown factors released from the diseased kidney.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Gene Expression in the Rat Ovary: Divergent Regulation of Distinct Receptor Species (1991)

The intraovarian insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system constitutes a triad composed of ligands, receptors, and binding proteins. Although conventional radioligand receptor assays have documented the presence of specific receptors for insulin and insulin-like peptides in some rat somatic ovarian cell types, the exact cellular localization and hormonal regulation of the receptors in question remain matters of inquiry. To reevaluate the very presence, cellular localization, and hormonal regulation of the IGF receptor gene family in the rat ovary, solution hybridization/RNase protection assays were used wherein ovarian total RNA (20 micrograms) from immature (21-23 days old) rats was hybridized with 32P-labeled type I IGF receptor, type II IGF/mannose-6-phosphate receptor, and insulin receptor riboprobes. Single protected fragments 261 (type I IGF receptor), 500 (type II IGF/mannose-6-phosphate receptor), and 478 (insulin receptor) bases long were evident in whole ovary, granulosa, and theca-interstitial cells. Hypophysectomy of immature rats led to significant (P less than 0.05) albeit variable decrements in the relative (densitometrically quantified) ovarian abundance of transcripts corresponding to the type I IGF (but not insulin or type II IGF/mannose-6-phosphate) receptor. Treatment of immature hypophysectomized rats with FSH (10 micrograms/rat.day x 2.5 days) resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase (4-fold) in transcripts corresponding to the type I IGF receptor in both whole ovarian material and freshly isolated granulosa cells. Similar (3.7-fold) increments (P less than 0.05) were noted after treatment with a diethylstilbestrol-containing sc silastic implant applied for a total of 5 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CC Stretching Frequencies in Model Compounds of the Protonated Retinal Schiff Base (1984)

Do the changes in ν(CC) in visual pigments and bacteriorhodopsin orginate from interaction of the chromophore with charges in the protein moiety? This question was investigated by FT-IR investigations on the model compounds 1–3. That ν(CC) in them is significantly higher than in the unprotonated parent compounds suggests that the answer to the question is “yes”.
Analyzer-dependent differences in results for ionized calcium, ionized magnesium, sodium, and pH. (1995)

We compared two ion-selective analyzers (AVL 988-4 and NOVA CRT) for determining ionized calcium (iCa2+), ionized magnesium (iMg2+), sodium (Na+), and pH in serum specimens from healthy and diseased individuals. For assays of three levels of protein-based control materials, total imprecision (CV) was < 3% for all analytes except iMg2+ (< or = 6.5% on NOVA, and < or = 4.9% on AVL). We found a significant difference between the analyzers (P < 0.001) for the mean iMg2+ concentration in patients but no significant correlation (r = 0.253) between the analyzers for iMg2+ in specimens from healthy volunteers, even though the mean iMg2+ concentration did not differ significantly between these groups. The reference interval (central 95 percentiles) for iMg2+ with AVL (0.44-0.60 mmol/L) was contained within that of NOVA (0.39-0.64 mmol/L). The AVL gave higher values for iCa2+ (P < 0.001) and lower values for pH (P < 0.001) in specimens from normal volunteers and patients. The mean value for Na+ in patients' samples was significantly higher by the NOVA (P < 0.01) than by the AVL analyzer. Thus, we found significant differences between these two analyzers for all four analytes.
Inhibition of Sindbis Virus Production by Media of Low Ionic Strength: Intracellular Events and Requirements for Reversal (1970)

Incubation of Sindbis virus-infected cultures in medium with an ionic strength of 0.105 reduced the virus yield more than 99%. This inhibition was rapidly reversed by exposing the cultures to normal medium: within 20 min the previously inhibited cultures had released as much infectious virus as normal controls had produced during hours of incubation. The following intracellular processes were essentially normal in inhibited, infected monolayers: protein and phospholipid synthesis, the synthesis of infectious viral ribonucleic acid and its incorporation into nucleocapsids, and viral modification of the cell membrane. Accelerated virus production was detected within 20 sec after exposure of inhibited cultures to normal medium. It required an ionic strength greater than 0.145, a pH above 6.7, and a temperature above 21 C. It was not dependent on osmotic pressure, de novo protein synthesis, or a functional energy metabolism. Virus release also occurred in sonic-treated materials of inhibited cells under the same conditions as in living cells. Potential applications of the inhibition to concentration of virus stocks or to obtaining virus in nonphysiological solutions are noted. Preliminary studies with Semiliki Forest virus, Newcastle disease virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus suggest that this phenomenon may be limited to arboviruses.
Preparation of MFI-Type Zeolite Membranes and Their Use in Separating n-Butane and i-Butane. (1997)

MFI-type zeolite membranes were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction on the surface of porous α-alumina support tubes with different pore sizes. The zeolite membranes consisted of three zones: The top zone was a polycrystalline zeolite layer and the inner zone was a layer of α-alumina macropores, partially filled with deposits. The intermediate zone was a mixture of alumina particles and deposits. The morphology of the zeolite membranes was dependent on the substrates. The permeance of zeolite membranes formed on the substrate possessing pores of 150–170 nm under identical conditions ranged over two orders of magnitude. There was no definite relationship between n-butane/i-butane (n-C4H10/i-C4H10) permselectivity and permeance, although permeance was affected by the substrates. The n-C4H10/i-C4H10 permselectivity calculated from single-component permeances was in the range of 1.5~12 at 100°C, and the activation energy for the permeances was 11 kJ·mol-1. The selectivity increased in the case of n-C14H10 separation from a mixture containing a small amount of i-C4H10. The zeolite membranes thus served as molecular-sieving for C4 isomers.
Chemical Reduction of Metal−Organic Framework Materials as a Method to Enhance Gas Uptake and Binding (2007)

A mixed-ligand metal−organic framework (MOF) of the formula Zn2(NDC)2(diPyNI) (NDC = 2,6-dicarboxylate, diPyNI = N,N‘-di-(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide) has been chemically reduced in the solid state by lithium metal in dimethylformamide (DMF). Striking hysteresis in the N2 adsorption isotherm suggests dynamic framework behavior of the reduced material that is not observed in the neutral MOF. The reduced framework also exhibits significantly enhanced H2 uptake and isosteric heat of adsorption over the entire loading range. Notably, the striking increase in H2 uptake cannot be solely attributed to H2−Li+ interactions and is most likely augmented by increased ligand polarizability and framework displacement effects.
Accelerated Variational Quantum Eigensolver (2019)

The problem of finding the ground state energy of a Hamiltonian using a quantum computer is currently solved using either the quantum phase estimation (QPE) or variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms. For precision ε, QPE requires O(1) repetitions of circuits with depth O(1/ε), whereas each expectation estimation subroutine within VQE requires O(1/ε^{2}) samples from circuits with depth O(1). We propose a generalized VQE algorithm that interpolates between these two regimes via a free parameter α∈[0,1], which can exploit quantum coherence over a circuit depth of O(1/ε^{α}) to reduce the number of samples to O(1/ε^{2(1-α)}). Along the way, we give a new routine for expectation estimation under limited quantum resources that is of independent interest.
TUSC4 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Regulating BRCA1 Stability (2014)

BRCA1 expression is lost frequently in breast cancers in which it promotes malignant development. In the present study, we performed a global expression analysis of breast cancer cells in which the tumor-suppressor candidate gene TUSC4 was silenced to gain insights into its function. TUSC4 silencing affected genes involved in cell cycle and cell death, which have broad reaching influence on cancer development. Most importantly, we found a cluster pattern of gene-expression profiles in TUSC4-silenced cells that defined a homologous recombination (HR) repair defect signature. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TUSC4 protein could physically interact with the E3 ligase Herc2, which prevents BRCA1 degradation through the ubiquitination pathway. TUSC4 silencing enhanced BRCA1 polyubiquitination, leading to its degradation and a marked reduction in HR repair efficiency. Notably, ectopic expression of TUSC4 suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of breast cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, TUSC4 silencing was sufficient to transform normal mammary epithelial cells and to enhance sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Our results provide a set of genetic and biologic proofs that TUSC4 functions as a bona fide tumor suppressor by regulating the protein stability and function of BRCA1 in breast cancer.
Stabilities of consecutive A.cntdot.C, C.cntdot.C, G.cntdot.G, U.cntdot.C, and U.cntdot.U mismatches in RNA internal loops: evidence for stable hydrogen-bonded U.cntdot.U and C.cntdot.C+ pairs (1991)

The stability and structure of RNA duplexes with consecutive A.C, C.A, C.C, G.G, U.C, C.U, and U.U mismatches were studied by UV melting, CD, and NMR. The results are compared to previous results for GA and AA internal loops [SantaLucia, J., Kierzek, R., & Turner, D. H. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 8813-8819; Peritz, A., Kierzek, R., & Turner, D.H. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 6428-6436)]. The observed order for stability increments of internal loop formation at pH 7 is AG = GA approximately UU greater than GG greater than or equal to CA greater than or equal to AA = CU = UC greater than or equal to CC greater than or equal to AC. The results suggest two classes for internal loops with consecutive mismatches: (1) loops that stabilize duplexes and have strong hydrogen bonding and (2) loops that destabilize duplexes and may not have strong hydrogen bonding. Surprisingly, rCGCUUGCG forms a very stable duplex at pH 7 in 1 M NaCl with a TM of 44.8 degrees C at 1 x 10(-4) M and a delta G degrees 37 of -7.2 kcal/mol. NOE studies of the imino protons indicate hydrogen bonding within the U.U mismatches in a wobble-type structure. Resonances corresponding to the hydrogen-bonded uridines are located at 11.3 and 10.4 ppm. At neutral pH, rCGCCCGCG is one of the least stable duplexes with a TM of 33.2 degrees C and delta G degrees 37 of -5.1 kcal/mol. Upon lowering the pH to 5.5, however, the TM increases by 12 degrees C, and delta G degrees 37 becomes more favorable by 2.5 kcal/mol. The pH dependence of rCGCCCGCG may be due to protonation of the internal loop C's, since no changes in thermodynamic parameters are observed for rCGCUUGCG between pH 7 and 5.5. Furthermore, two broad imino proton resonances are observed at 10.85 and 10.05 ppm for rCGCCCGCG at pH 5.3, but not at pH 6.5. This is also consistent with C.C+ base pairs forming at pH 5.5. rCGCCAGCG and rGGCACGCC have a small pH dependence, with TM increases of 5 and 3 degrees C, respectively, upon lowering the pH from 7 to 5.5. rCGCCUGCG and rCGCUCGCG also show little pH dependence, with TM increases of 0.8 and 1.4 degrees C, respectively, upon lowering the pH to 5.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients With COVID-19 (April 2020) (2020)

The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments.
Three-dimensional, single-molecule fluorescence imaging beyond the diffraction limit by using a double-helix point spread function (2009)

We demonstrate single-molecule fluorescence imaging beyond the optical diffraction limit in 3 dimensions with a wide-field microscope that exhibits a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF). The DH-PSF design features high and uniform Fisher information and has 2 dominant lobes in the image plane whose angular orientation rotates with the axial (z) position of the emitter. Single fluorescent molecules in a thick polymer sample are localized in single 500-ms acquisitions with 10- to 20-nm precision over a large depth of field (2 microm) by finding the center of the 2 DH-PSF lobes. By using a photoactivatable fluorophore, repeated imaging of sparse subsets with a DH-PSF microscope provides superresolution imaging of high concentrations of molecules in all 3 dimensions. The combination of optical PSF design and digital postprocessing with photoactivatable fluorophores opens up avenues for improving 3D imaging resolution beyond the Rayleigh diffraction limit.
NLRP1-Dependent Pyroptosis Leads to Acute Lung Injury and Morbidity in Mice (2012)

Acute inflammation in response to both exogenous and endogenous danger signals can lead to the assembly of cytoplasmic inflammasomes that stimulate the activation of caspase-1. Subsequently, caspase-1 facilitates the maturation and release of cytokines and also, under some circumstances, the induction of cell death by pyroptosis. Using a mouse line lacking expression of NLRP1, we show that assembly of this inflammasome in cells is triggered by a toxin from anthrax and that it initiates caspase-1 activation and release of IL-1β. Furthermore, NLRP1 inflammasome activation also leads to cell death, which escalates over 3 d following exposure to the toxin and culminates in acute lung injury and death of the mice. We show that these events are not dependent on production of IL-1β by the inflammasome but are dependent on caspase-1 expression. In contrast, muramyl dipeptide-mediated inflammasome formation is not dependent on NLRP1 but NLRP3. Taken together, our findings show that assembly of the NLRP1 inflammasome is sufficient to initiate pyroptosis, which subsequently leads to a self-amplifying cascade of cell injury within the lung from which the lung cannot recover, eventually resulting in catastrophic consequences for the organism.
Violet and blue light blocking intraocular lenses: photoprotection versus photoreception (2006)

Action spectra for most retinal photosensitisers increase or peak in the violet part of the spectrum. Melanopsin, melatonin suppression, and rhodopsin sensitivities are all maximal in the blue part of the spectrum. Scotopic sensitivity and circadian photoentrainment decline with ageing. UV blocking IOLs provide older adults with the best possible rhodopsin and melanopsin sensitivity. Blue and violet blocking IOLs provide less photoprotection than middle aged crystalline lenses, which do not prevent age related macular degeneration (AMD). Thus, pseudophakes should wear sunglasses in bright environments if the unproved phototoxicity-AMD hypothesis is valid.
[Clinical study on effect of Chinese herbal medicine on liver damage caused by hepatic artery chemoembolization]. (1999)

Qinggan Jiedu Sanjie Decoction has some effect on alleviating and preventing hepatic damage caused by hepatic artery chemoembolization.
Cloning of differentially expressed genes following lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (2003)

SSH is a powerful technique of high sensitivity for the detection of differential gene expression in HUVEC stimulated by LPS.
Video-Based Human Behavior Understanding: A Survey (2013)

Understanding human behaviors is a challenging problem in computer vision that has recently seen important advances. Human behavior understanding combines image and signal processing, feature extraction, machine learning, and 3-D geometry. Application scenarios range from surveillance to indexing and retrieval, from patient care to industrial safety and sports analysis. Given the broad set of techniques used in video-based behavior understanding and the fast progress in this area, in this paper we organize and survey the corresponding literature, define unambiguous key terms, and discuss links among fundamental building blocks ranging from human detection to action and interaction recognition. The advantages and the drawbacks of the methods are critically discussed, providing a comprehensive coverage of key aspects of video-based human behavior understanding, available datasets for experimentation and comparisons, and important open research issues.