gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero spin angular momentum control: definition and applicability (2005)

In this paper, we seek control strategies for legged robots that produce resulting kinetics and kinematics that are both stable and biologically realistic. Recent biomechanical investigations have found that spin angular momentum is highly regulated in human standing, walking and running. Motivated by these biomechanical findings, we argue that biomimetic control schemes should explicitly control spin angular momentum, minimizing spin and CM torque contributions not only local in time but throughout movement tasks. Assuming a constant and zero spin angular momentum, we define the zero spin center of pressure (ZSCP) point. For human standing control, we show experimentally and by way of numerical simulation that as the ZSCP point moves across the edge of the foot support polygon, spin angular momentum control changes from regulation to non-regulation. However, even when the ZSCP moves beyond the foot support polygon, stability can be achieved through the generation of restoring CM forces that reestablish the CM position over the foot support polygon. These results are interesting because they suggest that different control strategies are utilized depending on the location of the ZSCP point relative to the foot support polygon.
New developments in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Current research demonstrates the potential for diagnostic strategies and disease modifying treatments to follow from an ever more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Antimicrobials in agriculture: reducing their use while limiting health and socioeconomic risks in the countries of the South (2017)

Version française de l'articleThe widespread use of antimicrobials in agriculture is increasing, driven by growth in intensive livestock production and demand for animal products. This is creating a serious problem of antimicrobial resistance: bacteria are developing antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, which spread through populations of bacteria, including those affecting humans. Antimicrobial resistance has a major impact on public health, and its effects on animal health and biodiversity are not yet fully understood. To address this alarming situation, reducing and rationalising the use of antimicrobials is a global priority, in the North and the South alike. This calls for intersectoral actions involving professionals and researchers from many different scientific fields: domestic animals, wildlife, plants, humans and the environment. Implementing such actions is particularly complex in the countries of the South.
Identification of multiple novel polypeptide substrates of the v-src, v-yes, v-fps, v-ros, and v-erb-B oncogenic tyrosine protein kinases utilizing antisera against phosphotyrosine. (1988)

Antibodies to phosphotyrosine were used to identify proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine in chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by the oncogenes, v-src, v-yes, v-fps, v-ros, or v-erb-B. These antibodies allowed detection of a minimum of 50, 44, and 47 bands in immunoblots of cellular lysates from fibroblasts transformed by v-src, v-yes, or v-fps respectively. Eight of these bands were also detected in fibroblasts transformed by v-ros and v-erb-B, suggesting that the cellular transformation induced by v-ros, v-erb-B, v-src, v-yes, and v-fps may be achieved by the phosphorylation of some of the same proteins. The viruses SD10 and SD11 are point mutants of the Prague-C strain of Rous sarcoma virus that encode non-myristylated p60v-src. They do not induce the transformation of chicken fibroblasts. Approximately thirty bands were detected by antibodies to phosphotyrosine in fibroblasts transformed by wild-type Prague-RSV-C, only four of which were not substrates nonmyristylated mutant p60v-src. This suggests that the phosphorylation of a large subset of the substrates of p60v-src is not sufficient for transformation.
Stage-specific transformation of murine B lineage cells by ras and myc. (1989)

The retroviral vector delta RM coexpresses the v-Ha-ras and v-mycMC29 oncogenes, under the transcriptional control of the retroviral long terminal repeat and an internal SV40 promoter respectively. In this report, the transforming activity of the delta RM virus on murine pre-B cells has been compared and contrasted with its activity on mature splenic B cells. Infection of primary bone marrow cells, followed by growth in the Whitlock-Witte culture system, resulted in the rapid outgrowth of transformed pre-B cells. These cells grew to high saturation densities and could give rise to immortal, interleukin-7-independent progeny that were able to grow independently of stromal elements. In contrast, infection of mature B cells purified from murine spleen resulted in only a transient increase in proliferation, and no immortal B cell lines were obtained. This inability of delta RM to transform mature B lymphocytes was not due to a low infection frequency, since parallel experiments with ecotropic retroviruses conferring drug resistance showed that the mature B cells were readily infectable. Moreover, Northern analysis showed that the delta RM-infected mature B cells expressed ras and myc mRNAs to higher levels than the delta RM transformed pre-B cells. Thus, coexpression of ras and myc resulted in the transformation of primary pre-B cells but not of the mature B cells. The potential explanations for the stage-specific transforming activity of the delta RM retrovirus are discussed.
On the Nature of the Multivalency Effect:  A Thermodynamic Model (2003)

A quantitative model is proposed for the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of multivalent interactions in dilute solutions or with immobilized multimeric receptor. The model takes into account all bound species and describes multivalent binding via two microscopic binding energies corresponding to inter- and intramolecular interactions (Delta G(o)inter and Delta G(o)intra), the relative contributions of which depend on the distribution of complexes with different numbers of occupied binding sites. The third component of the overall free energy, which we call the "avidity entropy" term, is a function of the degeneracy of bound states, Omega(i), which is calculated on the basis of the topology of interaction and the distribution of all bound species. This term grows rapidly with the number of receptor sites and ligand multivalency, it always favors binding, and explains why multivalency can overcome the loss of conformational entropy when ligands displayed at the ends of long tethers are bound. The microscopic parameters and may be determined from the observed binding energies for a set of oligovalent ligands by nonlinear fitting with the theoretical model. Here binding data obtained from two series of oligovalent carbohydrate inhibitors for Shiga-like toxins were used to verify the theory. The decavalent and octavalent inhibitors exhibit subnanomolar activity and are the most active soluble inhibitors yet seen that block Shiga-like toxin binding to its native receptor. The theory developed here in conjunction with our protocol for the optimization of tether length provides a predictive approach to design and maximize the avidity of multivalent ligands.
A New Multifunctional Heterobimetallic Asymmetric Catalyst for Michael Additions and Tandem Michael–Aldol Reactions (1996)

Two types of metal are essential for some reactions! The first efficient catalyst for asymmetric tandem Michael – aldol reactions is the heter-obimetallic complex 1, which is easily prepared from LiAlH4 and (R)- 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl. The cascade reaction of diethyl methylmalonate, cyclopentenone, and 3-phenylpropanal affords the three-component adduct 2 in 64% yield and 91 % ee.
Adoptive Immunotherapy: Methods And Protocols (2005)

Over the last decade, major advances in our understanding of the immune system and its mechanisms have led to promising new treatment strategies. In Adoptive Immunotherapy: Methods and Protocols, leading experts describe in detail their optimal techniques for producing and characterizing the immunologically active cells and effector molecules now gaining wide use in the clinical treatment of patients. Taking advantage of the latest technologies, the authors present readily reproducible experimental protocols for the study of dendritic cells, T-cells, monoclonal antibodies, and bone marrow transplantation. The emphasis is on preclinicical and clinical applications and on the progress of selected approaches in clinical trials. Additional chapters cover the molecular definition of target antigens, mathematical modeling approaches to immonotherapy, and the utilization of regulatory T-cells. Theoretical overviews and discussion of future directions for the improvement of adoptive immunotherapy complete the volume. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Medicine™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and state-of-the-art, Adoptive Immunotherapy: Methods and Protocols offers an authoritative collection of novel techniques to study the adoptive transfer of tailored antigen-specific immune cells and to improve their clinical application
Three-Coordinate Terminal Imidoiron(III) Complexes: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Mechanism of Formation (2010)

Reaction of 1-adamantyl azide with iron(I) diketiminate precursors gives metastable but isolable imidoiron(III) complexes LFe=NAd (L = bulky beta-diketiminate ligand; Ad = 1-adamantyl). This paper addresses (1) the spectroscopic and structural characterization of the Fe=N multiple bond in these interesting three-coordinate iron imido complexes, and (2) the mechanism through which the imido complexes form. The iron(III) imido complexes have been examined by (1)H NMR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies and temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (SQUID), and structurally characterized by crystallography and/or extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. These data show that the imido complexes have quartet ground states and short (1.68 +/- 0.01 A) iron-nitrogen bonds. The formation of the imido complexes proceeds through unobserved iron-N(3)R intermediates, which are indicated by QM/MM computations to be best described as iron(II) with an N(3)R radical anion. The radical character on the organoazide bends its NNN linkage to enable easy N(2) loss and imido complex formation. The product distribution between imidoiron(III) products and hexazene-bridged diiron(II) products is solvent-dependent, and the solvent dependence can be explained by coordination of certain solvents to the iron(I) precursor prior to interaction with the organoazide.
Treatment of experimental arthritis by inducing immune tolerance with human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (2009)

Human AD-MSCs emerge as key regulators of immune tolerance by inducing the generation/activation of Treg cells and are thus attractive candidates for a cell-based therapy for RA.
Fluorescent method for platinum detection in buffers and serums for cancer medicine and occupational hazards (2008)

Herein we demonstrate fluorescence detection of total platinum species in buffers and serums by a Pt(0)-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost type reaction to yield a fluorescent compound.
Improved Intra Angular Prediction By Dct-Based Interpolation Filter (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Partially supervised classification with optimal significance testing (2002)

The paper addresses the problem of estimating an optimal acceptance probability to be used for significance testing as applied to partially supervised classification where the class definition and corresponding training samples are provided a priori only for one specific class of interest. Considering the effort in both time and man-power required for a well-defined, exhaustive list of classes with their representative training samples even if there is just one class of interest to identify, the "partially" supervised capability would be very desirable, assuming adequate classifier performance can be obtained. The optimal acceptance probability is estimated directly from the data set. Experiments with both simulated and real data show very satisfactory results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Central endotoxin induces different patterns of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and IL-6 secretion in the brain and periphery. (1995)

Centrally injected endotoxin induced high levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in serum, but the mechanisms of this induction and the signal conveying the information from the brain to the periphery are not yet known. To help characterize the pathway of centrally mediated induction of IL-6 in periphery, the cytokine levels were measured in rat serum and cerebrospinal fluid at different times after intracerebro-ventricular endotoxin (LPS, 2.5 micrograms/rat). In the same experiments, IL-6 and IL-1 beta messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, measured by Northern blot analysis, were evaluated in the periphery (adrenals, lymph nodes, and mononuclear cells) and brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum). In serum, IL-6 levels were highest after 2h; then they rapidly decreased. IL-6 mRNA showed the same time-course in adrenals and lymph nodes. The pattern in the central nervous system was different: in the cerebrospinal fluid, IL-6 was detectable starting from 2h, reaching a plateaux at 4-8h and remaining detectable until 16 h. IL-6 mRNA expression in the brain areas showed a similar time-course, reaching a maximum at 4-8 h. IL-1 beta mRNA induction started at the same time in brain and periphery, i.e. 1 h after LPS, but the maximal effect was reached at 2 h in mononuclear cells, adrenals, and lymph nodes, and at 8 h in brain regions. The results indicate that circulating IL-6 induced by central LPS is produced mainly peripherally and that synthesis of IL-6 and IL-1 beta are regulated differently in the brain and periphery.
Daily Cortisol Production Rate in Man Determined by Stable Isotope Dilution/Mass Spectrometry (1991)

Growth retardation as well as the development of Cushingoid features in adrenally insufficient patients treated with the currently accepted replacement dose of cortisol (33-41 mumol/day.m2; 12-15 mg/m2.day) prompted us to reevaluate the cortisol production rate (FPR) in normal subjects and patients with Cushing's syndrome, using a recently developed thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The stable isotope [9,12,12-2H3]cortisol was infused continuously for 31 h at about 5% of the anticipated FPR. Blood samples were obtained at 20-min intervals for 24 h, spun, and pooled in 4-h groups. Tracer dilution in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The method was validated with controlled infusions in 6 patients with adrenal insufficiency. Results from 12 normal volunteers revealed a FPR of 27.3 +/- 7.5 mumol/day (9.9 +/- 2.7 mg/day) or 15.7 mumol/day.m2; 5.7 mg/m2. day). A previously unreported circadian variation in FPR was observed. Patients with Cushing's syndrome demonstrated unequivocal elevation of FPR and cortisol concentration correlated during each sample period in normal volunteers, indicating that cortisol secretion, rather than metabolism, is mainly responsible for changes in plasma cortisol. Our data suggest that the FPR in normal subjects may be lower than previously believed.
Interstitial Equal-Phased Arrays for EM Hyperthermia (1986)

Microwave radiating antenna arrays frequently have been inserted directly into cancerous tomors to heat directly and destroy the tumor cells. Example heating patterns are shown with a simple antenna design. An improved design is also described and power absorption patterns are calculated by a three-dimensional numerical model. This model is used to show effects of frequency and applicator design on the power pattern. The numerical model is also applied to show an improved power pattern with a synchronous (equal-phase) compared to a nonsynchronous array. The model shows that an increase in tip capacitance increases the heating at the tip.
A cDNA Encoding a Rat Mitochondrial Cytochrome P450 Catalyzing Both the 26-Hydroxylation of Cholesterol and 25-Hydroxylation of Vitamin D 3 : Gonadotropic Regulation of the Cognate mRNA in Ovaries (1990)

A cDNA expression library prepared from rat liver RNA was screened with a polyclonal antibody specific for mitochondrial vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase and a cDNA for rabbit liver mitochondrial cytochrome P450c26 (CYP 26), yielding cDNA clones with identical sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence derived from a 1.9-kb full-length cDNA was 73% identical to that of rabbit cytochrome P450c26. A monoclonal antibody was used to demonstrate that the product of the 1.9-kb cDNA clone was targeted to the mitochondrial compartment when expressed in COS cells. Mitochondrial membranes containing the expressed protein showed both vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase and cholesterol 26-hydroxylase activities when reconstituted with ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin, demonstrating that the same P450, designated as P450c26/25, can catalyze both reactions. Northern blot analysis revealed that the P450c26/25 cDNA hybridizes with a 2.4-kb RNA from rat liver and unstimulated ovaries. Treatment of rats with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin resulted in a fivefold increase in the 2.4-kb mRNA as well as the appearance of a 2.1-kb mRNA species in the ovaries. Our findings document the presence of a regulated bifunctional mitochondrial cytochrome P450 capable of catalyzing the 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and the 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol.
Alterations in scalp blood flow after the epicutaneous application of 3% minoxidil and 0.1% hexyl nicotinate in alopecia (1987)

Journal Article Alterations in scalp blood flow after the epicutaneous application of 3% minoxidil and 0.1% hexyl nicotinate in alopecia Get access C.B. Bunker, C.B. Bunker Departments of Dermatology, The Middlesex Hospital and University College Hospital, London WI, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PAULINE M. Dowd PAULINE M. Dowd Departments of Dermatology, The Middlesex Hospital and University College Hospital, London WI, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 5, 1 November 1987, Pages 668–669, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07505.x Published: 01 November 1987
THE CONVERSION OF LILOLINE DERIVATIVES TO QUINOLINIUM SALTS USING CYANOGEN BROMIDE (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONVERSION OF LILOLINE DERIVATIVES TO QUINOLINIUM SALTS USING CYANOGEN BROMIDEV. BOEKELHEIDE and WALTER G. GALLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 4, 504–509Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01369a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01369a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of poly(glycolic acid) bonded fiber structures for cell attachment and transplantation (1993)

A novel method was developed to prepare three-dimensional structures with desired shapes used as templates for cell transplantation. The produced biomaterials are highly porous with large surface/volume and provide the necessary space for attachment and proliferation of the transplanted cells. The processing technique calls for the formation of a composite material with nonbonded fibers embedded in a matrix followed by thermal treatment and the selective dissolution of the matrix. To evaluate the technique, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fiber meshes were bonded using poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) as a matrix. The bonded structures were highly porous with values of porosity up to 0.81 and area/volume ratios as high as 0.05 micron-1.
Real-space refinement in PHENIX for cryo-EM and crystallography (2018)

This article describes the implementation of real-space refinement in the phenix.real_space_refine program from the PHENIX suite. The use of a simplified refinement target function enables very fast calculation, which in turn makes it possible to identify optimal data-restraint weights as part of routine refinements with little runtime cost. Refinement of atomic models against low-resolution data benefits from the inclusion of as much additional information as is available. In addition to standard restraints on covalent geometry, phenix.real_space_refine makes use of extra information such as secondary-structure and rotamer-specific restraints, as well as restraints or constraints on internal molecular symmetry. The re-refinement of 385 cryo-EM-derived models available in the Protein Data Bank at resolutions of 6 Å or better shows significant improvement of the models and of the fit of these models to the target maps.
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (1957)

Major chromosomal abnormalities account for 5 to 8% of congenital heart disease (CHD). A few congenital anomalies are due to teratogens such as alcohol, lithium, or retinoic acid, or to single gene defects. Most, however, are due to the interplay of genetic abnormalities with environmental factors or chance.
Principles of applied neurogastroenterology: physiology/motility–sensation (1999)

Many of the symptoms characteristic of the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are consistent with dysfunction of the motor and/or sensory apparatus of the digestive tract. Those aspects of sensorimotor dysfunction most relevant to the FGID include alterations in: gut contractile activity; myoelectrical activity; tone and compliance; and transit, as well as an enhanced sensitivity to distension, in each region of the gastrointestinal tract. Assessment of these phenomena involves a number of techniques, some well established and others requiring further validation. Using such techniques, researchers have reported a wide range of alterations in sensory and in motor function in the FGID. Importantly, however, relationships between such dysfunction and symptoms have been relatively weak, and so the clinical relevance of the former remains unclear. Moreover, the proportions of patients in the various symptom subgroups who display dysfunction, and the extent and severity of their symptoms, require better characterization. On a positive note, progress is occurring on several fronts, especially in relation to functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, and based on the data gathered to date, a number of areas where further advances are required can be highlighted.