gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SENSORY AND SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF THE VERTEBRAL ENDPLATE IN PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASE (1997)

We obtained intervertebral discs with cartilage endplates and underlying cancellous bone at operation from patients with degenerative disc disease and then used immunohistochemical techniques to localise the nerves and nerve endings in the specimens. We used antibodies for the ubiquitous neuronal protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y was used to identify autonomic nerves and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P to identify sensory nerves. Blood vessels were identified by immunoreactivity with platelet-endothelial cell-adhesion molecule (CD31; PECAM). In a control group with no known history of chronic back pain, nerve fibres immunoreactive to PGP 9.5 and neuropeptide Y were most closely related to blood vessels, with occasional substance P and CGRP immunoreactivity. In patients with severe back pain and markedly reduced disc height, proliferation of blood vessels and accompanying nerve fibres was observed in the endplate region and underlying vertebral bodies. Many of these nerves were immunoreactive to substance P or CGRP, and in addition, substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nociceptors were seen unrelated to blood vessels. Quantification by image analysis showed a marked increase in CGRP-containing sensory nerve fibres compared with normal control subjects. We speculate that a chemotactic response to products of disc breakdown is responsible for the proliferation of vascularity and CGRP-containing sensory nerves found in the endplate region and vertebral body adjacent to degenerate discs. The neuropeptides substance P and CGRP have potent vasodilatory as well as pain-transmitting effects. The increase in sensory nerve endings suggests increase in blood flow, perhaps as an attempt to augment the nutrition of the degenerate disc. The increase in the density of sensory nerves, and the presence of endplate cartilage defects, strongly suggest that the endplates and vertebral bodies are sources of pain; this may explain the severe pain on movement experienced by some patients with degenerative disc disease.
Expression of the Arabidopsis ADS1 gene in Brassica juncea results in a decreased level of total saturated fatty acids (2003)

Brassica juncea plants transformed with the Arabidopsis ADS1 gene, which encodes a plant homologue of the mammalian and yeast acyl-CoA Delta9 desaturases and the cyanobateria acyl-lipid Delta9 desaturase, were found to have a statistically significant decrease in the level of saturated fatty acids in seeds. The decrease in the level of saturated fatty acids is largely attributable to decreases in palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), although arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0) were also decreased in the transgenic seeds compared to the negative control lines. As a result, the level of oleic acid (18:1) was slightly increased in the transgenic seed lines compared to the non-transformed controls. However, a decrease in saturated fatty acid is not always accompanied by the corresponding increase in mono-unsaturated fatty acids. For example, palmitoleic acid (16:1), gondoic acid (20:1) and nervonic acid (24:1) were all found to be decreased in transgenic seeds. The levels of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) were also notably changed in the transgenic lines compared to the controls. The present study provides preliminary experimental data suggesting that the Arabidopsis ADS1 encodes a fatty acid Delta9 desaturase and could be useful in genetic engineering for modifying the level of saturated fatty acids in oilseed crops. However, the effect of ADS1 gene expression on seed oil fatty acid composition is beyond the changes of total saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, which suggests a complex mechanism is involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism.
A Clockless ADC/DSP/DAC System with Activity-Dependent Power Dissipation and No Aliasing (2008)

In this work, these issues are addressed and solved, and an entire ADC/DSP/DAC 8b system is implemented in a UMC 90nm CMOS process with a 1V supply.
Hox11L2 expression and prognosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): A Children’s Oncology Group Study (2005)

4729 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of leukemia in childhood with a cure rate of greater than 75%. However, other than white blood count at diagnosis, there are currently no clinically useful prognostic factors that significantly predict outcome in T cell -ALL (T-ALL). In this regard, we have conducted a molecular analysis of T-ALL patient samples from treatment failure T-ALL versus long-term survivors to assess the genes that may impact outcome, and provide the basis for novel directions of therapeutic intervention. Recently, the homeobox gene Hox11L2 was found to be transcriptionally activated by translocation in T-ALL. We thus sought to determine the frequency of Hox11L2 expression in 111 T-ALL patients, 86 of which were uniformly treated on POG9404, and assess the clinical significance of its expression. As determined by semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, 18 of the 111 samples expressed Hox11L2 for an overall expression rate of 14%. Several reports have associated Hox11L2 expression with an adverse outcome, while other reports have found no association. In our sample population from uniformly-treated POG9404 patients, we found no significant differences in Hox11L2 expression in samples from patients who failed therapy (3 of 25, 12%) versus those from patients who have continued to enjoy an event free survival of >42 months (12 of 61, 20%, p=0.53). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the rate of expression of Hox11L2 in the relapse sample population (2 of 20, 10%) versus POG9404 diagnosis samples from patients who failed therapy or long term survivors, demonstrating that Hox11L2 expression was not an expression profile unique to relapse T-ALL. This relationship was further corroborated in an analysis of 6 diagnosis-relapse paired samples, none of which expressed Hox11L2 at diagnosis or relapse. Hox11L2 expression further did not correlate with age of disease onset, white blood cell count at diagnosis or gender, either when all patients were considered together, or when treatment failure and long term survival patients were compared separately. We conclude that Hox11L2 expression is an infrequent event in T-ALL and alone is unrelated to outcome or other clinical features of T-ALL such as WBC, gender or age.
Analysis of gene expression at the single-cell level using microdroplet-based microfluidic technology (2011)

In the present work, we have measured the messenger RNA expression of specific genes both from total RNA and cells encapsulated in droplets. The microfluidic chip introduced includes the following functionalities: RNA∕cell encapsulation, lysis, reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction. We have shown that simplex and duplex gene expression measurements can be carried out over a population of 100 purified RNA samples encapsulated simultaneously in 2 nl droplets in less than 2 h. An analysis of 100 samples containing one to three cells has shown excellent consistency with standard techniques regarding average values. The cell-to-cell distributions of the E-cadherin expression suggest fluctuations on the order of 80% in the number of transcripts, which is highly consistent with the general findings from the literature. A mathematical model has also been introduced to strengthen the interpretation of our results. The present work paves the way for the systematic acquisition of such information in biological and biomedical studies.
Developmentally Regulated Neurite Outgrowth Response from Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons to Heparin‐binding Growth‐associated Molecule (HB‐GAM) and the Expression of HB‐GAM in the Targets of the Developing Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurites (1996)

Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) is a highly conserved cell surface- and extracellular matrix-associated protein that enhances neurite outgrowth in brain neurons in vitro. To study the possible response of peripheral neurons, we cultured chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons from different developmental stages from embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5; St 25) to E9 (St 35) on recombinant HB-GAM. We discovered that the neurite outgrowth response to HB-GAM is maximal at E5.5-6.5 (St 28-30). In order to correlate this in vitro phenomenon with in vivo phenomena, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization were performed on cryosections. The protein expression of HB-GAM peaked at E6 (St 29) and was most extensive on the dorsal spinal cord and dorsal roots. Using Dil labelling, we confirmed that at the time when sensory afferents travel longitudinally in the bundle of His of the spinal cord, HB-GAM protein expression there is at its peak. Though HB-GAM is a secreted protein, at the RNA level the timing of HB-GAM appearance and existence in the spinal cord and sensory ganglia is in accordance with its protein expression. Our results demonstrate that peripheral neurons are responsive to substrate-bound HB-GAM in a developmentally regulated manner, and that the expression of both HB-GAM mRNA and protein in vivo is spatially and temporally matched to this in vitro phenomenon. HB-GAM is therefore a putative cue for the growth of sensory afferents to and within the dorsal spinal cord.
Senile Dementia of Lewy Body Type and Alzheimer Type Are Biochemically Distinct in Terms of Paired Helical Filaments and Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein (Part 2 of 2) (1994)

We have used biochemical assays to examine cingulate and occipital cortices from age-matched cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 12), senile dementia of the Lewy body type (SDLT; n = 13), Parkinson's disease (PD; 5 non-demented cases and 7 cognitively impaired cases) and controls (n = 11) for paired helical filaments (PHFs), phosphorylated and normal tau protein and &amp;#914;/A4-protein. Whereas cingulate cortex is characterised by relatively high densities of cortical Lewy bodies in the SDLT cases and lower numbers in PD, these inclusion bodies were absent in the cingulate cortex from AD and control cases. Protease-resistant PHFs and hyperphosphorylated tau protein were found in AD and, at low levels, in a minority of SDLT cases. Qualitatively, both of these preparations were indistinguishable in SDLT from those found in AD but levels of both parameters in SDLT were less than 5% of those in AD. SDLT, PD and control groups did not differ from each other in terms of the quantity of protease-resistant PHFs or the level of hyperphosphorylated tau. Furthermore, PHF accumulation did not distinguish between PD cases with or without dementia. The levels of normal tau protein did not differ between the four groups. &amp;#914;/A4 protein levels did not distinguish between PD and control groups, between AD and SDLT groups, or between SDLT and control groups for either cingulate or occipital cortices. Thus extensive accumulation of PHFs in either neurofibrillary tangles or dystrophic neurites is not a feature of either SDLT or PD. Our findings provide molecular support for the neuropathological and clinical separation of SDLT as a form of dementia that is distinct from AD.
Potential-dependent enzymic activity in an enzyme thin-layer cell (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential-dependent enzymic activity in an enzyme thin-layer cellJay M. Johnson, H. Brian. Halsall, and William R. HeinemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 8, 1377–1383Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00245a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00245a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solution Structure and Interaction of the Antimicrobial Polyphemusins with Lipid Membranes, (2005)

The horseshoe crab cationic antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin I is highly active in vitro but not protective in mouse models of bacterial and LPS challenge, while a synthetic polyphemusin variant, PV5, was previously shown to be protective in vivo. In this study, we investigated the interaction of these peptides with lipid membranes in an effort to propose a mechanism of interaction. The solution structure of PV5 was determined by proton NMR in the absence and presence of dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. Like polyphemusin I, PV5 is a beta-hairpin but appeared less amphipathic in solution. Upon association with DPC micelles, PV5 underwent side chain rearrangements which resulted in an increased amphipathic conformation. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, both peptides were found to have limited affinity for neutral vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Incorporation of 25 mol % cholesterol or phosphatidylethanolamine into PC vesicles produced little change in the partitioning of either peptide. Incorporation of 25 mol % phosphatidylglycerol (PG) into PC vesicles, a simple prokaryotic model, resulted in a large increase in the affinity for both peptides, but the partition coefficient for PV5 was almost twice that of polyphemusin I. Differential scanning calorimetry studies supported the partitioning data and demonstrated that neither peptide interacted readily with neutral PC vesicles. Both peptides showed affinity for negatively charged membranes incorporating PG. The affinity of PV5 was much greater as the pretransition peak was absent at low peptide to lipid ratios (1:400) and the reduction in enthalpy of the main transition was greater than that produced by polyphemusin I. Both peptides decreased the lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition temperature of PE indicating the induction of negative curvature strain. These results, combined with previous findings that polyphemusin I promotes lipid flip-flop but does not induce significant vesicle leakage, ruled out the torroidal pore and carpet mechanisms of antimicrobial action for these polyphemusins.
Spinal diffusion tensor imaging: A comprehensive review with emphasis on spinal cord anatomy and clinical applications (2014)

Magnetic resonance imaging technology allows for in vivo visualization of fiber tracts of the central nervous system using diffusion-weighted imaging sequences and data processing referred to as "diffusion tensor imaging" and "diffusion tensor tractography." While protocols for high-fidelity diffusion tensor imaging of the brain are well established, the spinal cord has proven a more difficult target for diffusion tensor methods. Here, we review the current literature on spinal diffusion tensor imaging and tractography with special emphasis on neuroanatomical correlations and clinical applications.
Reduced platelet activation and thrombosis in extracorporeal circuits coated with nitric oxide release polymers (2000)

The incorporation of NO into the surface of extracorporeal circuits reduces platelet consumption and eliminates the need for systemic heparinization in a rabbit model of extracorporeal circulation.
Lymphocyte subtypes in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate (2017)

DMF treatment predominantly impacts T cells, in particular CD8<sup>+</sup> subtype. This finding may have implications in this population's immunocompetence.
Ultrashort pulse propagation at the photonic band edge: Large tunable group delay with minimal distortion and loss (1996)

We examine optical pulse propagation through a 30-period, GaAs/AlAs, one-dimensional, periodic structure at the photonic band-edge transmission resonance. We predict theoretically---and demonstrate experimentally---an approximate energy, momentum, and form invariance of the transmitted pulse, as well as large group index (up to 13.5). The group index is tunable and many orders of magnitude more sensitive to variation in material refractive index than for bulk material. We interpret this observation in terms of time-dependent electromagnetic states of the pulse-crystal system.
Structural Assets of a Tumor Suppressor (1999)

Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is one way in which cancer cells circumvent normal growth control. Mutations in the stretch of DNA at q23 on chromosome 10 are among the most commonly observed in human cancer and are particularly prevalent in glioblastomas, advanced prostate cancers, and endometrial carcinomas. Early in 1997, two groups reported the discovery of a new tumor suppressor gene at this locus, which they called PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome Ten) or MMAC (Mutated in Multiple Advanced Cancers) (1, 2). Mutations in PTEN are also recognized as the cause of cancer predisposition syndromes, such as Cowden disease (characterized by an increased risk of breast cancer). Since this discovery, rapid progress has been made in characterizing the PTEN protein and its role in regulating the signaling events that control cell proliferation and survival. The latest chapter in this story, published by Pavletich's group in a recent issue of Cell (3), describes the crystal structure of the PTEN protein and sheds new light on how this phosphatase is regulated.
Two-step hybrid virtual array ray (VAR) technique for focusing through the rib cage (1998)

A new methodology for focusing ultrasonic beams noninvasively in the presence of the rib cage is investigated. This investigation is motivated by the need to employ high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) using phased array applicators for the treatment of liver tumors partially shadowed by the rib obstacles. This approach enables us to efficiently perform the ultrasound computational analysis and pattern synthesis in the interior region of the rib cage. The proposed technique consists of two main steps. First, a virtual array is introduced along the intercostal spacings between the solid ribs to generate the prespecified intensity levels at a set of control points within the target region. The second step involves the design of the actual feed array that induces the virtual sources between the intercostal spacings. This design optimization is carried out via the pseudo-inverse technique (minimum norm least squares solution) and by enforcing a constrained preconditioned pseudo-inverse method. The proposed procedure calculates the required primary sources (feed array) while maintaining minimal power deposition over the solid obstacles.
Tumorigenesis of mammary gland by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene during pregnancy: Relationship with DNA synthesis (1981)

The relationship between mammary cell proliferation during pregnancy and susceptibility to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was examined. DMBA was administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley rats on the 5th, 10th or 15th day of pregnancy. [3H]thymidine labelling index (LI) of the mammary cells at the time of treatment with the carcinogen was determined and found to be higher in the pregnant rats than in age-matched virgin controls. In spite of the high proliferative index of the mammary cells, significant inhibition of tumorigenesis occurred in the pregnancy rats allowed to complete pregnancy and parturition following treatment with DMBA. However, when pregnancy was terminated by cesarian section shortly after treatment with DMBA, there was a significantly higher tumor incidence as compared to the "full-term" rats. It was observed that the earlier the pregnancy was terminated, the greater was the incidence of mammary tumors. This would indicate that the inhibitory effect of pregnancy is related to changes occurring during the later half of gestation. The differentiation of mammary cells for milk synthesis as pregnancy progresses is postulated to be a major reason for the observed refractoriness of the mammary cells to DMBA at that time.
Research in natural language processing (1992)

Our general objective has been the enhancement of techniques for extracting information and retrieving documents from natural language text. Our focus has been on methods which automatically learn syntactic and semantic properties of the language used in particular domains, and on techniques for enhancing the robustness of natural language analyzers. This work covers a number of areas; we summarize our accomplishments and plans for each area below.
Computational imaging with single-pixel detection: Applications in scattering media (2014)

We describe computational imaging techniques based on single-pixel detection providing multidimensional information of an input scene. The key element of the optical recording stage is a spatial light modulator which sequentially generates a set of intensity light patterns to sample the scene. In this way, it is possible to use single-pixel detectors to measure different optical parameters such as the light intensity, the spectral content, the polarization state, or the phase. The spatial distribution of these parameters is then computed by applying the theory of compressive sampling. In particular, in this contribution we present a new method to transmit images through scattering media. We show that single-pixel optical systems, based on compressive detection, can overcome the fundamental limitation imposed by multiple scattering. In contrast with other schemes based on the transmission matrix technique, our approach does not require any a-priori calibration process. This makes our method suitable to use with dynamic scattering. Experimental results are provided.
Oxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (1992)

A multicentre, double-blind, between-patient study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oxiracetam (800 mg tablet), in comparison with placebo, each given twice daily for 12 weeks to patients suffering from primary degenerative, multi-infarct or mixed dementia. Efficacy was assessed by a neuropsychological battery (simple reaction time, controlled associations, short story, Raven's Progressive Matrices, token test, digit span, word list learning), administered at the beginning and at the end of the study, and by a quality of life scale, administered at entry and after 6 and 12 weeks treatment. Sixty-five patients (28 men, 37 women, mean age 71 yrs) were enrolled; 58 completed the study: 2 on oxiracetam were withdrawn because of poor tolerability, 2 (one in each group) were withdrawn for poor compliance, one (on oxiracetam) for the occurrence of a transient ischaemic attack (defined as not related to the treatment) and 2 for administrative reasons. A significantly (p < 0.01) different effect in favour of oxiracetam was observed on the quality of life scale, and confirmed by significant (defined according to the Bonferroni technique) differences in some neuropsychological tests (e.g. controlled associations, short story). Four patients in the oxiracetam group complained of a total of 5 unwanted effects, and 1 on placebo complained of 3 unwanted effects, but none of them was withdrawn from the study.