gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a DNA Strand Transferase from Broccoli (1995)

A protein with DNA binding, renaturation, and strand-transfer activities has been purified to homogeneity from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica). The enzyme, broccoli DNA strand transferase, has a native molecular mass of at least 200 kD and an apparent subunit molecular mass of 95 kD and is isolated as a set of isoforms differing only in charge. All three activities are saturated at very low stoichiometry, one monomer per approximately 1000 nucleotides of single-stranded DNA. Strand transfer is not effected by nuclease activity and reannealing, is only slightly dependent on ATP, and is independent of added Mg2+. Transfer requires homologous single- and double-stranded DNA and at higher enzyme concentrations results in very high molecular mass complexes. As with Escherichia coli RecA, transfer by broccoli DNA strand transferase depends strongly on the presence of 3' homologous ends.
Comparison of methods for the scoring and statistical analysis of SF-36 health profile and summary measures: summary of results from the Medical Outcomes Study. (1995)

Physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) measures make it possible to reduce the number of statistical comparisons and thereby the role of chance in testing hypotheses about health outcomes. To test their usefulness relative to a profile of eight scores, results were compared across 16 tests involving patients (N = 1,440) participating in the Medical Outcomes Study. Comparisons were made between groups known to differ at a point in time or to change over time in terms of age, diagnosis, severity of disease, comorbid conditions, acute symptoms, self-reported changes in health, and recovery from clinical depression. The relative validity (RV) of each measure was estimated by a comparison of statistical results with those for the best scales in the same tests. Differences in RV among scales from the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were consistent with those in previous studies. One or both of the summary measures were significant for 14 of 15 differences detected in multivariate analyses of profiles and detected differences missed by the profile in one test. Relative validity coefficients ranged from .20 to .94 (median, .79) for PCS in tests involving physical criteria and from .93 to 1.45 (median, 1.02) for MCS in tests involving mental criteria. The MCS was superior to the best SF-36 scale in three of four tests involving mental health. Results suggest that the two summary measures may be useful in most studies and that their empiric validity, relative to the best SF-36 scale, will depend on the application. Surveys offering the option of analyzing both a profile and psychometrically based summary measures have an advantage over those that do not.
Characteristics of PHA-L4, the mitogenic isolectin of phytohemagglutinin, as an ideal biologic response modifier. (1990)

Phytohemagglutinin retains the properties of a theoretically ideal biologic response modifier in that it is available in a purely mitogenic L4 isolectin form that is stable; previously studied extensively; applicable as a simple skin test to assess immune competence and guide therapy; broadly immunostimulating with respect to both activation and proliferation of effector cell pathways; amenable to targeting maneuvers; stimulative of endogenous cytokine production; conveniently administrable by multiple routes; applicable to both active and adoptive immunotherapies; rapidly interacting irreversibly with lymphocytes; readily applied as a vaccine adjuvant; apparently nonsensitizing; relatively nontoxic, with maximum effective levels well below those for major toxicity; free from stress induction; nononcogenic; noninfectious; related to other mitogenic lectins that have augmenting therapeutic potential; compatible with other therapeutic modalities and conductive to collaborative use of other BRMs; well-suited to application as a surgical adjuvant and for prophylaxis against malignancies or infections in susceptible individuals; applicative to debilitated, immunosuppressed, and myelosuppressed patients; probably compatible with pregnancy; and potentially cost-effective.
Growth of Single Crystal AlxGa1-xN Films on Si Substrates by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1993)

Al x Ga 1- x N(0001) films with flat surfaces in the composition range of x =0.1-0.4 are successfully grown directly on Si(111) using two-flow-channel metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns are spotty for growth temperatures between 1000°C and 1150°C, indicating that the Al x Ga 1- x N film is a single crystal. In addition, good control of the AlN mole fraction (0.1 to 0.4) is achieved by changing the gas ratio of the group III gas sources.
Fiberoptic Oxygen Sensor Based on Fluorescence Quenching and Energy Transfer (1988)

A new type of oxygen sensor is described that is based on electronic energy transfer from a donor (whose fluorescence is efficiently quenched by molecular oxygen) to an acceptor (which is less affected by oxygen). We use pyrene as the donor and perylene as the acceptor. The fluorescence emission band of the donor shows good overlap with the absorption band of the acceptor. When excited at 320 nm, the two-fluorophore system shows strong fluorescence at 476 nm, where pyrene itself is nonfluorescent. Although perylene is not efficiently quenched by oxygen, the system strongly responds to oxygen because fluorescence is quenched with an efficiency that by far exceeds the quenching efficiency for pyrene or pyrelene alone. The principle has been applied in order to devise a fiberoptic oxygen sensor by incorporating the two dyes in a polymer matrix that has been attached to the end of an optical fiber. Oxygen can be detected in the 0–150 kPa range with ±0.3 kPa precision. The detection limit is 60 Pa oxygen.
A dancing robot for rhythmic social interaction (2007)

This paper describes a robotic system that uses dance as a form of social interaction to explore the properties and importance of rhythmic movement in general social interaction. The system consists of a small creature-like robot whose movement is controlled by a rhythm-based software system. Environmental rhythms can be extracted from auditory or visual sensory stimuli, and the robot synchronizes its movement to a dominant rhythm. The system was demonstrated, and an exploratory study conducted, with children interacting with the robot in a generalized dance task. Through a behavioral analysis of videotaped interactions, we found that the robot's synchronization with the background music had an effect on children's interactive involvement with the robot. Furthermore, we observed a number of expected and unexpected styles and modalities of interactive exploration and play that inform our discussion on the next steps in the design of a socially rhythmic robotic system.
Glucose electrodes based on cross-linked bis(2,2'-bipyridine)chloroosmium(+/2+) complexed poly(1-vinylimidazole) films (1993)

Enzyme electrodes based on a redox hydrogel formed upon complexing water-soluble poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) with [Os(bpy)2Cl]+ and cross-linked with water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (molecular weight 400, peg 400) are described. The properties of the electrodes depended on their polymers' osmium content, the extent of cross-linking, the pH, and the ionic strength in which they were used. The redox hydrogels' electron diffusion coefficients (De) increased with osmium content of their polymers. The De values were 1.5 x 10(-8), 1.3 x 10(-8), and 4.3 x 10(-9) cm2/s for PVI3-Os, PVI5-Os, and PVI10-Os, respectively, the subscripts indicating the number of monomer units per osmium redox center. De decreased with increasing ionic strength and increased upon protonation of the polymer. In glucose electrodes, made by incorporating into their films glucose oxidase (GOX) through covalent bonding in the cross-linking step, glucose was electrooxidized at > 150 mV (SCE). The characteristics of these electrodes depended on the GOX concentration, film thickness, O2 concentration, pH, NaCl concentration, and electrode potential. The steady-state glucose electrooxidation currents were independent of the polymers' osmium content in the studied (3-10 monomer units per osmium center) range. Electrodes containing 39% GOX reached steady-state glucose electrooxidation current densities of 400 microA/cm2 and, when made with thick gel films, were selective for glucose in the presence of physiological concentrations of ascorbate and acetaminophen.
Combinations of dexmedetomidine and alfaxalone with butorphanol in cats: application of an innovative stepwise optimisation method to identify optimal clinical doses for intramuscular anaesthesia (2015)

The investigated drug mixture, at the doses found with the optimisation method, is suitable for cats undergoing minor clinical procedures.
Piston radiator: Some extensions of the theory (1979)

Those results of the theory of the baffled, uniform-piston radiator that can be calculated exactly are extended to some other cases, especially the simplest case of a simply supported radiator, the simplest case of a clamped-edge radiator and a Gaussian radiator. It is also shown that from the solution to a problem with boundary conditions framed in terms of velocity, the solution to a corresponding problem, having boundary conditons framed in terms of pressure, can be obtained very easily.
Assessing peri‐implant tissue infection prevention in a percutaneous model (2009)

In this application, CSA-13 was not effective in preventing pin track infections. This study suggests that maintaining skin attachment, at the implant surface of osseointegrated implants, is essential as a primary barrier to infection. Local antimicrobial treatments should be considered a secondary barrier to bacterial invasion of the pin/skin interface and deeper tissues.
A biomechanical study of tendon adhesion reduction using a biodegradable barrier in a rabbit model (1990)

Adhesion formation associated with tendon surgery is a widespread problem in which a healing tendon becomes adherent via scar tissue to surrounding structures such as bone, muscle, skin, tendon sheath, or other tendons. A model is described in which adhesions were generated reproducibly between the plantaris and Achilles tendons of the rabbit using a partial tenotomy, a Bunnel suture, and immobilization. Using this model, the effect of an absorbable barrier, INTERCEED (TC7), on adhesion formation was investigated. This material, which is a fabric comprised of oxidized regenerated cellulose, was found to diminish significantly the extent and severity of intertendinous adhesions, assessed both mechanically and histologically. No evidence of a foreign body reaction was observed.
Inhibition of Alpha-glucosidase and Amylase by Luteolin, a Flavonoid (2000)

Twenty-one naturally occurring flavonoids were tested for inhibitory activities against alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). Luteolin, amentoflavone, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and daidzein were the strongest inhibitors among the compounds tested. Luteolin inhibited alpha-glucosidase by 36% at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and was stronger than acarbose, the most widely prescribed drug, in inhibitory potency, suggesting that it has the possibility to effectively suppress postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Luteolin also inhibited alpha-amylase effectively although it was less potent than acarbose. The clinical value of luteolin needs to be further evaluated.
CD1high B cells: a population of mixed origin (1999)

A specialized subpopulation of T lymphocytes is reactive to the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. It is not clear which cells are the major antigen-presenting cells in vivo in the activation of CD1-restricted immune responses. We have characterized a subset of B lymphocytes expressing six- to eightfold higher levels of CD1 than the bulk of B cells. The cells have a surface phenotype (CD21high, CD23low, IgMhigh, IgDlow) found previously to characterize B cells residing in the splenic marginal zones. CD1high B cells localize preferentially to the spleen, and appear late in ontogeny, at 3 – 4 weeks of age. The CD1high B cells were present in mice lacking conventional helper T cells, ruling out an exclusive origin from T cell-dependent immune responses. Still, some CD1high B cells had been involved in T cell-dependent immune responses as suggested by mutations in their rearranged immunoglobulin gene regions. The population could still be found in mice with severely reduced B cell reactivity to bacterial lipopplysaccharides (C3H / HeJ mice) and in mice unable to respond to thymus-independent type 2 antigens (NFR.Xid mice), as well as in germ-free mice, indicating that bacterial antigens are not major stimuli for the induction of CD1high B cells. In contrast, the CD1high B cell population was severely reduced in CD19-deficient mice. Taken together, the results imply that the CD1high population is heterogenous and of mixed origin, dependent for its development or maintenance on signaling through the CD19 molecule.
El antígeno carcinoembrionario: a propósito de un viejo conocido (2005)

El antigeno carcinoembrionario (ACE) es una glucoproteina localizada en el polo apical de los enterocitos. Los genes que codifican para el ACE se localizan en el cromosoma 19q13.2. El grupo total esta constituido por 29 genes, divididos en tres subgrupos de los cuales se expresan solo 18. En el individuo sano existen multiples funciones del ACE que han sido ampliamente estudiadas, su funcion como molecula de adhesion ha sido la mas ampliamente difundida. En pacientes sanos ademas de expresarse a nivel de colon el ACE se expresa en celulas de la lengua, esofago, estomago, cervix y prostata. Los pacientes que reciben una mayor utilidad clinica son aquellos con cancer colorrectal (CCR), cancer gastrico y cancer de ovario. Su uso mas amplio es en el CCR, actualmente se utiliza como marcador pronostico, estadiaje, marcador de recurrencia, de respuesta al tratamiento y como indicador de metastasis a nivel hepatico. Existen algunas patologias no neoplasicas que causan elevacion de las cifras sericas de ACE. Actualmente se estudia al ACE como blanco de inmunoterapia dirigida a tumores que contengan celulas que expresen esta molecula
Planar Magnetic Colloidal Crystals (2000)

We report a novel form of planar magnetic colloidal crystals formed by coated magnetic microspheres floating on a liquid meniscus. Under an external magnetic field, the balance between the repulsive magnetic interaction and the "attractive" interaction, due to the weight of the particles projected along the surface tangent, yields not only the triangular lattice with a variable lattice constant, but also all the other planar crystal symmetries such as the oblique, centered-rectangular, rectangular, and square lattices. By using two different sized magnetic particles, local formations of 2D quasi-crystallites with fivefold symmetry are also observed.
Anaerobic Xylose Fermentation by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Carrying XYL1 , XYL2 , and XKS1 in Mineral Medium Chemostat Cultures (2000)

For ethanol production from lignocellulose, the fermentation of xylose is an economic necessity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been metabolically engineered with a xylose-utilizing pathway. However, the high ethanol yield and productivity seen with glucose have not yet been achieved. To quantitatively analyze metabolic fluxes in recombinant S. cerevisiae during metabolism of xylose-glucose mixtures, we constructed a stable xylose-utilizing recombinant strain, TMB 3001. The XYL1 and XYL2 genes from Pichia stipitis, encoding xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively, and the endogenous XKS1 gene, encoding xylulokinase (XK), under control of the PGK1 promoter were integrated into the chromosomal HIS3 locus of S. cerevisiae CEN.PK 113-7A. The strain expressed XR, XDH, and XK activities of 0.4 to 0.5, 2.7 to 3.4, and 1.5 to 1.7 U/mg, respectively, and was stable for more than 40 generations in continuous fermentations. Anaerobic ethanol formation from xylose by recombinant S. cerevisiae was demonstrated for the first time. However, the strain grew on xylose only in the presence of oxygen. Ethanol yields of 0.45 to 0.50 mmol of C/mmol of C (0.35 to 0.38 g/g) and productivities of 9.7 to 13.2 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) (0.24 to 0.30 g h(-1) g [dry weight] of cells(-1)) were obtained from xylose-glucose mixtures in anaerobic chemostat cultures, with a dilution rate of 0.06 h(-1). The anaerobic ethanol yield on xylose was estimated at 0.27 mol of C/(mol of C of xylose) (0.21 g/g), assuming a constant ethanol yield on glucose. The xylose uptake rate increased with increasing xylose concentration in the feed, from 3.3 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) when the xylose-to-glucose ratio in the feed was 1:3 to 6.8 mmol of C h(-1) g (dry weight) of cells(-1) when the feed ratio was 3:1. With a feed content of 15 g of xylose/liter and 5 g of glucose/liter, the xylose flux was 2.2 times lower than the glucose flux, indicating that transport limits the xylose flux.
Efficient cleavage and segregation of nascent presecretory proteins in a reticulocyte lysate supplemented with microsomal membranes. (1978)

The mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate of Pelham and Jackson (Pelham, H. R. B., and Jackson, R. J. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 67, 247-256) was supplemented with dog pancreas microsomal membranes and used to investigate the synthesis and processing of presecretory proteins. Highly efficient processing and segregation of the major bovine pituitary secretory proteins was observed upon mRNA translation. In contrast to the wheat germ cell-free protein synthesizing system, there was no significant inhibition of translation in the reticulocyte lysate even in the presence of high concentrations of dog pancreas microsomal membranes. Since the latter are required for processing and segregation of presecretory proteins, these reactions could be driven to virtual completion in the reticulocyte lysate without affecting the overall rate of protein synthesis.
Adult mesenchymal stem cells: potential for muscle and tendon regeneration and use in gene therapy. (2002)

The expansion potential and plasticity of stem cells, adult or embryonic, offer great promise for their use in medical therapies. Recent provocative data suggest that the differentiation potential of adult stem cells may extend to lineages beyond those usually associated with the germ layer of origin. In this review, we describe recent developments related to adult stem cell research and in particular, in the arena of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research. Research demonstrates that transduced MSCs injected into skeletal muscle can persist and express secreted gene products. The ability of the MSC to differentiate into cardiomyocytes has been reported and their ability to engraft and modify the pathology in infarcted animal models is of great interest. Research using MSCs in tendon repair provides information on the effects of physical forces on phenotype and gene expression. In turn, MSCs produce changes in their matrix environment in response to those biomechanical forces. Recent data support the potential of MSCs to repair tendon, ligament, meniscus and other connective tissues. Therapeutic applications of adult stem cells are approaching clinical use in several fields, furthering the possibility to regenerate damaged and diseased tissue.
Large-scale cultivation of plant cells at high density: a review (1987)

There are two main problems in plant cell cultivation at high density: (1) the supply of oxygen and (2) the hydrodynamic stress generated by aeration-agitation operations used in supplying oxygen. The characteristics of various bioreactors were investigated and their usefulness evaluated. A new aeration-agitation fermentor (J-M) and new rotating drum fermentor (RDF) were selected as suitable bioreactors for culturing plant cells at high density. High density (30 g dry weight per litre of medium) cultivation of plant cells was accomplished using J-M fermentor. The large-scale production of shikonin derivatives from the cultivaion of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cells at high density was achieved in both bioreactors. (Refs. 25).
BRAF Mutation Is Frequently Present in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer with Methylated hMLH1, But Not in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (2004)

BRAF mutations are frequently present in sporadic colorectal cancer with methylated hMLH1, but not in HNPCC-related cancers. This discrepancy of BRAF mutations between sporadic MSI+ cancer and HNPCC might be used in a strategy for the detection of HNPCC families.
FP 15.5: A 200MHz 32b 0.5W CMOS RISC Microprocessor (1998)

This custom RISC microprocessor delivers approximately 230 Drystone/MIPS at 200MHz while dissipating 0.5W from a 1.5V internal supply. The internal supply can be biased from 1.5V to 2.0V, while the external supply ia always biased at 3.3V. A split supply minimizes power consumption for a given application, while maintaining compatibility with a 3.3V external environ-ment. The die contains 2.5M transistors and is 8.24x9.12mm2. It is fabricated in a 0.35µm, 2.0V, n-well, single poly, 3-metal-layer CMOS process (Table 1). It is packaged in a 208 pin thin quad flat pack. A previous, 160MHz, 0.5W design contained only a microprocessor core and cache [1, 2]. Incorporated onto this die are: a 16kB instruction cache, 8kB data cache, a second, separate, 0.5kB data cache, memory management unit, write buffer, read buffer, memory controller, integer unit, integer multiplier, 6-channel DMA engine,
Paralog of the formylglycine‐generating enzyme – retention in the endoplasmic reticulum by canonical and noncanonical signals (2008)

Formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) catalyzes in newly synthesized sulfatases the oxidation of a specific cysteine residue to formylglycine, which is the catalytic residue required for sulfate ester hydrolysis. This post-translational modification occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is an essential step in the biogenesis of this enzyme family. A paralog of FGE (pFGE) also localizes to the ER. It shares many properties with FGE, but lacks formylglycine-generating activity. There is evidence that FGE and pFGE act in concert, possibly by forming complexes with sulfatases and one another. Here we show that human pFGE, but not FGE, is retained in the ER through its C-terminal tetrapeptide PGEL, a noncanonical variant of the classic KDEL ER-retention signal. Surprisingly, PGEL, although having two nonconsensus residues (PG), confers efficient ER retention when fused to a secretory protein. Inducible coexpression of pFGE at different levels in FGE-expressing cells did not significantly influence the kinetics of FGE secretion, suggesting that pFGE is not a retention factor for FGE in vivo. PGEL is accessible at the surface of the pFGE structure. It is found in 21 mammalian species with available pFGE sequences. Other species carry either canonical signals (eight mammals and 26 nonmammals) or different noncanonical variants (six mammals and six nonmammals). Among the latter, SGEL was tested and found to also confer ER retention. Although evolutionarily conserved for mammalian pFGE, the PGEL signal is found only in one further human protein entering the ER. Its consequences for KDEL receptor-mediated ER retrieval and benefit for pFGE functionality remain to be fully resolved.