gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic alterations and in vivo tumorigenicity of neurospheres derived from an adult glioblastoma. (2004)

Pediatric brain tumors may originate from cells endowed with neural stem/precursor cell properties, growing in vitro as neurospheres. We have found that these cells can also be present in adult brain tumors and form highly infiltrating gliomas in the brain of immunodeficient mice. Neurospheres were grown from three adult brain tumors and two pediatric gliomas. Differentiation of the neurospheres from one adult glioblastoma decreased nestin expression and increased that of glial and neuronal markers. Loss of heterozygosity of 10q and 9p was present in the original glioblastoma, in the neurospheres and in tumors grown into mice, suggesting that PTEN and CDKN2A alterations are key genetic events in tumor initiating cells with neural precursor properties.
Cryolipolysis and Skin Tightening (2014)

This clinical evaluation demonstrates consistent improvement in skin texture, laxity, and cellulite after cryolipolysis as independently assessed by patients and investigators. Prospective clinical studies should be conducted to objectively study and quantify skin tightening after cryolipolysis.
Comparison of 2-methoxyestradiol-induced, docetaxel-induced, and paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells and its correlation with reactive oxygen species (2000)

The current results suggest that the growth inhibition of hepatoma cells induced by 2-methoxyestradiol, paclitaxel, and docetaxel was mediated through G2/M-phase arrest, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. The drug-induced apoptosis was independent of ROS formation. Docetaxel was more effective than paclitaxel in killing hepatoma cells. The potential of using 2-methoxyestradiol and docetaxel for the treatment of patients with hepatoma is worthy of further study.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of breast adenomyoepithelioma: A potential false positive pitfall and presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (2011)

Cytologic diagnosis of adenomyoepithelioma can be very challenging. We report fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of a benign adenomyoepithelioma. The cytologic features are characterized by hypercellularity and the presence of numerous atypical dispersed cells with epithelioid morphology and intact cytoplasm. The nuclei showed stippled chromatin, irregular nuclear membrane, and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. No necrosis or mitoses were seen. The presence of naked nuclei, and extensive intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions were identified and raised the possibility of adenomyoepithelioma. Immunohistochemically, the atypical cells showed strong positivity for myosin heavy chain, p63, and CK5/6, while the epithelial cells reacted with estrogen receptors. This immunophenotypic pattern supports the myoepithelial origin of the atypical cell proliferation and favors the diagnosis of benign adenomyoepithelioma. However, biopsy was recommended to exclude malignancy. Histologically, the tumor showed prominent myoepithelial cells with significant atypia, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, and dense cytoplasm. No evidence of malignancy was identified. In conclusion, we report a case of adenomyoepithelioma with a significant cytological atypia that may result in confusion with malignant breast tumors. The presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, naked nuclei, and expression of myoepithelial markers should provide clues to the right diagnosis and benign nature of this lesion. Cytopathologists should be familiarized with this entity to avoid a misdiagnosis of carcinoma.
Diminished Origin-Licensing Capacity Specifically Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Replication Stress (2013)

Previous studies have shown that dormant licensed replication origins can be exploited to enhance recovery from replication stress. Since tumor cells express high levels of origin-licensing proteins, we examined whether depletion of such factors might specifically sensitize tumor versus nontumor cells. Consistent with previous findings, we observed that three tumor-derived cell lines overexpress ORC1, a licensing component, compared with four nontumor cell lines and that a greater level of ORC1 was required to maintain viability in the tumor cells. We determined siRNA-mediated knockdown conditions for each line that maximally reduced ORC1 but did not impact upon viability, which we considered would optimally deplete dormant origins. ORC1 depletion hypersensitized the tumor-derived cells to hydroxyurea and H202 but did not affect the sensitivity of the nontumor lines. Similar results were observed following depletion of ORC6 or CDC6. Furthermore, codepletion of p53 and ORC1 modestly impaired viability of 1BR3hTERT nontumor fibroblasts and more dramatically caused hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea. Finally, overexpression of the c-Myc oncogene combined with ORC1 depletion in nontumor BJhTERT cells diminished viability. Collectively, these findings suggest that tumor cells may have a reliance on origin-licensing capacity, suggesting that licensing factors could represent a target for drug-based cancer therapy.
Electric field-induced reorganization of two-component supported bilayer membranes (1997)

Application of electric fields tangent to the plane of a confined patch of fluid bilayer membrane can create lateral concentration gradients of the lipids. A thermodynamic model of this steady-state behavior is developed for binary systems and tested with experiments in supported lipid bilayers. The model uses Flory's approximation for the entropy of mixing and allows for effects arising when the components have different molecular areas. In the special case of equal area molecules the concentration gradient reduces to a Fermi-Dirac distribution. The theory is extended to include effects from charged molecules in the membrane. Calculations show that surface charge on the supporting substrate substantially screens electrostatic interactions within the membrane. It also is shown that concentration profiles can be affected by other intermolecular interactions such as clustering. Qualitative agreement with this prediction is provided by comparing phosphatidylserine- and cardiolipin-containing membranes.
Ablation of the murine alpha myosin heavy chain gene leads to dosage effects and functional deficits in the heart. (1996)

The alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MyHC) is the major contractile protein expressed in the myocardium of adult mice. We have produced mice carrying a null mutation of alpha-MyHC by homologous recombination in murine ES cells. Homozygous null animals die between 11 and 12 d in utero of gross heart defects, while alpha-MyHC+/- heterozygotes survive and appear externally normal. The presence of a single functional alpha-MyHC+ allele in heterozygous animals results in reduced levels of the transcript and protein as well as fibrosis and alterations in sarcomeric structure. Examination of heart function using a working heart preparation revealed severe impairment of both contractility and relaxation in a subset of the alpha-MyHC+/- animals. Thus, two alpha-MyHC+ alleles are necessary for normal cardiac development, and hemizygosity for the normal allele can result in altered cardiac function.
Evaluation of the Endothelin Receptor Antagonists Ambrisentan, Bosentan, Macitentan, and Sitaxsentan as Hepatobiliary Transporter Inhibitors and Substrates in Sandwich-Cultured Human Hepatocytes (2014)

Significant differences in the inhibition of hepatic transporters were observed between the evaluated ERAs in vitro. Macitentan had the highest level of cellular accumulation and caused the greatest effects on bile acid distribution in human hepatocytes followed by sitaxsentan and bosentan. Ambrisentan showed a low potential to affect bile acids.
Syntheses of polyanhydrides. XII. Crystalline and high melting polyamidepolyanhydride of methylenebis(p‐carboxyphenyl)amide (1963)

Abstract The acid‐catalyzed condensation of formaldehyde and aromatic nitrile has been investigated. Methylenebis( p ‐carboxyphenyl)amide was synthesized in 90% yield by the interaction of p ‐cyanobenzoic acid with formaldehyde under the influence of conc. sulfuric acid. Polycondensation of methylenebis( p ‐carboxyphenyl)‐amide was carried out with acetic anhydride at 260–365°C. under vacuum and under a N 2 atmosphere. The linear crystalline polyamidepolyanhydride thus obtained has a melting point at 325–330°C. and exhibits excellent stability towards thermal and hydrolytic degradation. It was confirmed from the experimental evidence that the introduction of the amide linkage in the main chain of the polymer increases the melting temperature of crystallite owing to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds within the molecule of polyanhydride repeating unit. The molecular structure was inferred on the basis of infrared spectra and the x‐ray diffraction pattern of the polyamidepolyanhydride. The correlation between cohesion energy per chain unit and crystalline melting temperature of various aromatic and aliphatic polyanhydrides is discussed in detail.
Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation at Low Risk of Stroke During Treatment With Aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study (1998)

Context.—Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk for stroke, but absolute rates of stroke vary widely within the broad spectrum of AF patients.Objective.—To prospectively validate a risk stratification scheme identifying patients with AF with low rates of stroke when given aspirin.Design.—Prospective cohort study with mean duration of follow-up of 2.0 years, conducted between 1993 and 1997.Setting.—Outpatient clinics affiliated with academic medical centers.Patients.—Patients with AF categorized as "low risk" based on the absence of 4 prespecified thromboembolic risk factors: recent congestive heart failure or left ventricular fractional shortening of 25% or less, previous thromboembolism, systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg, or female sex at age older than 75 years.Intervention.—All participants given aspirin, 325 mg/d.Main Outcome Measures.—Ischemic stroke (considered disabling when Rankin score was II or worse 1-3 months later) and systemic embolism (primary events).Results.—Among 892 participants, the mean (SD) age was 67 (10) years, 78% were men, and histories of hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease were present in 46%, 13%, and 16%, respectively. The rate of primary events was 2.2% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6%-3.0%), of ischemic stroke was 2.0% per year (95% CI, 1.5%-2.8%), and of disabling ischemic strokes was 0.8% per year (95% CI, 0.5%-1.3%). Those with a history of hypertension had a higher rate of primary events (3.6% per year) than those with no history of hypertension (1.1% per year) (P&lt;.001). The rate of disabling ischemic stroke was low in those with and without a history of hypertension (1.4% per year and 0.5% per year, respectively). The rate of major bleeding during aspirin therapy was 0.5% per year.Conclusion.—Patients with AF who have relatively low rates of ischemic stroke, particularly disabling stroke, during treatment with aspirin can be reliably identified.
The functional role of B cell antigen receptor stimulation and IL-4 in the generation of human memory B cells from germinal center B cells (1997)

The germinal center (GC) is an anatomical site where memory B cells are generated. Ag-Ab complexes presented by follicular dendritic cells in GC select precursors of memory B cells. Using a unique in vitro experimental system in which the survival of GC B cells is supported by a defined follicular dendritic cell-like cell line, we investigated the effects of B cell Ag receptor (BCR) stimulation and IL-4 on the memory B cell generation from centroblasts. IL-4 is reported to be critical for GC formation. Centroblasts differentiated to centrocytes during the culture period of 3 days as demonstrated by the down-regulation of CD77 expression and induction of CD44 as well as Bcl-2 expression. The transition of centroblast to centrocyte was enhanced by BCR stimulation and IL-4. Upon further culture, the centrocytes differentiated to memory B cells, a process that was enhanced by BCR stimulation and IL-4. The presence of IL-4 in the culture did not increase the number of plasma cells. These experimental data provide formal in vitro evidence that Ags in GC may participate not only in the selection but also in the expansion of memory B cells and that IL-4 is a growth factor promoting this expansion.
Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations (2014)

Although e-cigarettes share a basic design, engineering variations and user modifications result in differences in nicotine delivery and potential product risks. e-cigarette aerosols may include harmful and potentially harmful constituents. Battery explosions and the risks of exposure to the e-liquid (especially for children) are also concerns. Additional research will enhance the current understanding of basic e-cigarette design and operation, aerosol production and processing, and functionality. A standardised e-cigarette testing regime should be developed to allow product comparisons.
150 Gsample/s wavelength division sampler with time-stretchedoutput (1998)

A new technique for optical sampling and time stretching of an analogue signal is presented. The signal is ‘wavelength stamped’ by a chirped optical pulse. An arrayed waveguide grating provides parallel time-interleaved samples as well as a time-stretched serial sampled waveform.
Tumor necrosis is an important hallmark of aggressive endometrial cancer and associates with hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation responses (2015)

Our findings indicate that the presence of tumor necrosis within primary tumors is associated with hypoxia, angiogenesis and inflammation responses. HIF1A, NF-kB and PI3K/mTOR might be potential treatment targets in aggressive endometrial cancers with presence of tumor necrosis.
Unexpected Reactivity of the Burgess Reagent with Thiols:  Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides (2007)

Reaction of the Burgess reagent with a series of aliphatic and aromatic thiols led to the corresponding symmetrical disulfides in high yields. No olefins were detected in the reactions of aliphatic thiols.
Assessing Fluid-Responsiveness by a Standardized Ventilatory Maneuver: The Respiratory Systolic Variation Test (2005)

Respiratory-induced changes in arterial blood pressure predict fluid responsiveness. However, the accuracy of these variables is affected by the preset tidal volume and by the early inspiratory increase in arterial blood pressure. We have therefore calculated the slope produced by the minimal systolic blood pressures (plotted against the respective airway pressures) during a ventilatory maneuver consisting of four incremental, successive, pressure-controlled breaths, termed the Respiratory Systolic Variation Test (RSVT). In 14 ventilated patients, after major vascular surgery, the slope of the RSVT decreased significantly after intravascular fluid administration and correlated with the end-diastolic area and with changes in cardiac output better than filling pressures. This preliminary study suggests that a standardized ventilatory maneuver may be useful in guiding fluid therapy in ventilated patients.
Computational optical coherence tomography for polarization-sensitive imaging, aberration correction, and wavefront measurement (2018)

In this thesis, multiple longstanding challenges in optical imaging are solved by the development of new computational imaging methods, where computational imaging does not simply refer to simulation or modeling, but to the entirety of an imaging technology in which significant computation is required to achieve the final image. Of the many optical imaging technologies currently in use, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is distinctive in that it provides coherent measurement of optical scattering within bulk biological tissue. Unfortunately, the optical wavefront is often distorted by defocus and aberration, from either the imaging system or the sample itself, leading to poor image quality. Through a careful consideration of the optical theory and imaging hardware, computational imaging methods can correct these distortions through creative data acquisition and processing schemes. Here, new computational OCT methods are developed from theory to implementation to address three related challenges in optical imaging. First, computational OCT is extended to polarization-sensitive imaging. This provides the improved resolution and imaging depth of computational OCT with the enhanced contrast of polarization-sensitive imaging. Second, computational OCT is combined with hardware-based wavefront correction. This addresses the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limitation of computational OCT and provides improved performance beyond that of hardware-only correction. Lastly, distortion of the optical wavefront is computationally measured directly from the OCT data. This enables both measurement and correction of the optical wavefront throughout biological samples without additional hardware. Together, these results demonstrate the usefulness of computational OCT across a broad range of important imaging scenarios in biology and medicine.
Principles of interpretation of coronary velocity and pressure tracings (1995)

The development of quantitative angiography and the introduction of new techniques of intracoronary imaging cannot replace the functional methods for the assessment of stenosis severity. The measurement of the trans-stenotic pressure gradient and of the post-stenotic flow velocity using miniaturized sensors with guidewire technology offers an alternative to the conventional non-invasive methods which is applicable in the catheterization laboratory at the time of the interventional procedure. The complexity of the coronary circulation, however, limits the possibility of establishing simple cut-off criteria to identify the presence of a flow-limiting stenosis. For intermediate lesions, or in the presence of variable haemodynamic conditions, the accuracy of the assessment can be improved by the application of more complex indices, proposed and validated in the animal laboratory and based on the instantaneous relationship between pressure or pressure gradient and flow velocity.
Reassessment of Mendelian gene pathogenicity using 7,855 cardiomyopathy cases and 60,706 reference samples (2016)

We outline improved analytical approaches that evaluate which genes and variant classes are interpretable and propose that these will increase the clinical utility of testing across a range of Mendelian diseases.Genet Med 19 2, 192-203.
Thermal Desorption Modulation as a Replacement for Sample Injection in Very- Small-Diameter Gas Chromatography Capillary Columns (1986)

Journal Article Thermal Desorption Modulation as a Replacement for Sample Injection in Very- Small-Diameter Gas Chromatography Capillary Columns Get access John B. Phillips, John B. Phillips Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Derhsing Luu, Derhsing Luu Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ru-Po Lee Ru-Po Lee Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 24, Issue 9, September 1986, Pages 396–399, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/24.9.396 Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Received: 24 June 1986 Revision received: 21 July 1986 Published: 01 September 1986
Temperature-adaptive dynamic voltage scaling for high temperature energy efficiency in subthreshold memory banks (2008)

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) circuits optimized for minimum energy consumption typically operate in the subthreshold regime with ultra-low power-supply-voltages. Both the read and the write propagation delays of a subthreshold memory circuit are significantly reduced with an increase in the die temperature. The excessive timing slack observed in the clock period of constant-frequency subthreshold memory circuits at elevated temperatures provides new opportunities to lower the active mode energy consumption. Temperature-adaptive dynamic supply voltage tuning technique is proposed in this paper to reduce the high temperature energy consumption of ultra-low-voltage subthreshold SRAM arrays. Results with a 64-bit x 64-bit memory array in the TSMC 180nm CMOS technology indicate that the energy consumption can be lowered by up to 32.8% by dynamically scaling the supply voltage at elevated temperatures.
Pharmacological Studies on Puerariae Flos. I. The Effects of Puerariae Flos on Alcoholic Metabolism and Spontaneous Movement in Mice (1989)

In the general rule, Puerariae Flos or it's combination drugs are used in traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking among Japanese and Chinese therapy. One of such drugs is Kakkakaiseito. Here we report the results of investigation on some pharmacological actions including alcoholic metabolism. The experiments were carried out to confirm its actual effect on alcohol, acetaldehyde and ketone body metabolism in the blood and the alteration of behaviour pattern of mice. Drugs used in this study were methanolic extract (PF-ME), isoflavonoid fraction (PF-IF) and triterpenoid saponin fraction (PF-SP) isolated from Puerariae Flos. Each drug was orally administrated to mice. These results were shown as follows: the concentrations of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde decreased more after the treatment with PF-IF (800 mg/kg) than those of the control group. This fact was evidenced remarkable effects with area under the blood concentration-time curve, mean residence time, and variance residence time and values on the moment analysis. However, a reduction effect was not recognized by the treatment with PF-SP (1000 mg/kg). Moreover, PF-ME and PF-IF suppressed the increment of spontaneous movement induced by alcohol administration, whereas PF-SP did not prevent the decrease in the increment caused by alcohol administration. These results support the basis that Puerariae Flos or its combination drugs is used in a traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking. However, further investigation is necessary.
Biological characterization of oxidized hyaluronic acid/resveratrol hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering (2013)

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that is caused by breakdown of cartilage, with eventual loss of the cartilage of the joints. The ability of self-repair in damaged cartilage tissue is limited; the aim of this work is to fabricate and characterize an oxidized hyaluronic acid/resveratrol (Oxi-HA/Res) hydrogel for future applications in cartilage tissue engineering. Under physiological conditions, the Oxi-HA/Res hydrogel was prepared by chemical crosslinking of Oxi-HA with resveratrol solution and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry assay; the biocompatibility and gene expression of chondrocytes within the Oxi-HA-Res hydrogel then analyzed. The cell viability and cytotoxicity assays showed that the Oxi-HA/Res hydrogel has good biocompatibility. Oxi-HA/Res hydrogel can upregulate expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, and Sox-9 genes; while down-regulating IL-1β, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP13 gene expression. It can also reduce LPS-induced inflammation and chondrocyte damage. The results of this study showed that the Oxi-HA/Res hydrogel is biocompatible with chondrocytes, allows for extracellular matrix synthesis, and also reduce LPS-induced inflammation and damage. These results suggest that Oxi-HA/Res hydrogel may be a potential suitable cell carrier for chondrocyte cells in the treatment of cartilage defect. However, further in vivo study is mandatory for future possible clinical applications.
Vitamin D status and cancer: new insights (2006)

Studies over the past year indicate potentially important roles for vitamin D in cancer prevention, survival and treatment.