gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Complement-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Bactericidal Activity in a Fluorescence-Based Serum Bactericidal Assay for Group BNeisseria meningitidis (2000)

Serum bactericidal assays (SBAs) for Group B meningococci are considered the methods of choice for the evaluation of functional antimeningococcal antibodies. Many investigators regard SBAs as time- and labor-intensive. Variations in SBA protocols among different laboratories make interpretation of results difficult. Here we describe a fluorescence-based serum bactericidal assay (fSBA) and compare the results obtained with the fSBA to the results obtained with a more conventional SBA. The results generated by both assays were dependent upon the surviving bacteria after incubation, and the assay mixtures contained identical components. Differences between assays lie in how the surviving bacteria are quantified. The fSBA described in the paper uses the fluorescent dye alamarBlue (M. V. Lancaster and R. D. Fields, U.S. patent 5501959, March 1996). The fluorescent signals generated in the fSBA correlate to the oxidative respiration of surviving bacteria. Viable bacteria were detected between 6 and 8 h directly from reaction mixtures in 96-well plates by the fSBA, whereas colonies isolated on semisolid media could be counted after 24 h of incubation. The bactericidal titers generated by both assays were nearly identical. The fSBA described here can be used as an assay for the screening of large quantities of individual sera as complement sources or as a method for the detection of functional antibodies directed against group B Neisseria meningitidis in both human and mouse antisera.
Induction of human cardiomyocyte-like cells from fibroblasts by defined factors (2013)

Heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to the limited regenerative capacity of heart tissue, cardiac regenerative therapy has emerged as an attractive approach. Direct reprogramming of human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) into cardiomyocytes may hold great potential for this purpose. We reported previously that induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) can be directly generated from mouse cardiac fibroblasts in vitro and vivo by transduction of three transcription factors: Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5, collectively termed GMT. In the present study, we sought to determine whether human fibroblasts also could be converted to iCMs by defined factors. Our initial finding that GMT was not sufficient for cardiac induction in HCFs prompted us to screen for additional factors to promote cardiac reprogramming by analyzing multiple cardiac-specific gene induction with quantitative RT-PCR. The addition of Mesp1 and Myocd to GMT up-regulated a broader spectrum of cardiac genes in HCFs more efficiently compared with GMT alone. The HCFs and human dermal fibroblasts transduced with GMT, Mesp1, and Myocd (GMTMM) changed the cell morphology from a spindle shape to a rod-like or polygonal shape, expressed multiple cardiac-specific proteins, increased a broad range of cardiac genes and concomitantly suppressed fibroblast genes, and exhibited spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations. Moreover, the cells matured to exhibit action potentials and contract synchronously in coculture with murine cardiomyocytes. A 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay revealed that the iCMs thus generated do not pass through a mitotic cell state. These findings demonstrate that human fibroblasts can be directly converted to iCMs by defined factors, which may facilitate future applications in regenerative medicine.
Effects of Age on Dopamine and Serotonin Receptors Measured by Positron Tomography in the Living Human Brain (1984)

D2 dopamine and S2 serotonin receptors were imaged and measured in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography after intravenous injection of 11C-labeled 3-N-methylspiperone. Levels of receptor in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and frontal cerebral cortex declined over the age span studied (19 to 73 years). The decline in D2 receptor in males was different from that in females.
Partial least-squares methods for spectral analyses. 2. Application to simulated and glass spectral data (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial least-squares methods for spectral analyses. 2. Application to simulated and glass spectral dataDavid M. Haaland and Edward V. ThomasCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 11, 1202–1208Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00162a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00162a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1222Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of DNA‐Interactive Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) (2011)

Abstract Review: 225 refs.
Expression of WNT14 and WNT14B mRNAs in human cancer, up-regulation of WNT14 by IFNγ and up-regulation of WNT14B by β-estradiol (2001)

WNT proteins play key roles in carcinogenesis. We have previously cloned and characterized WNT14 and WNT14B/WNT15. WNT14 and WNT3A genes are clustered on human chromosome 1q42, while WNT14B and WNT3 genes are clustered on human chromosome 17q21. Here, we investigated expression of WNT14 and WNT14B mRNAs in human cancer. WNT14 was significantly up-regulated in 1 out of 9 cases of primary breast cancer. WNT14B was not expressed in primary breast, gastric and colorectal cancers. Among 3 human breast cancer cell lines, WNT14 mRNA was expressed in T-47D cells, and weakly expressed in MCF-7 cells. WNT14 mRNA was also detected in 7 out of 7 pancreatic cancer cell lines, 12 out of 12 esophageal cancer cell lines, 4 out of 4 cervical cancer cell lines, and 5 out of 7 brain tumor cell lines by using cDNA-PCR. These results indicate that WNT14 rather than WNT14B is preferentially expressed in various types of human cancer, such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer. WNT14 mRNA was up-regulated by interferon gamma (IFNgamma), but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), in MKN45 cells derived from gastric cancer, while expression of WNT14B mRNA was not affected by IFNgamma and TNFalpha in MKN45 cells. Although expression of WNT14 mRNA was not affected by beta-estradiol in MCF-7 cells, WNT14B mRNA was transiently up-regulated by beta-estradiol in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that WNT14 is a target gene of IFNgamma in MKN45 cells, and that WNT14B is a target gene of estrogen in MCF-7 cells.
Pharmacokinetics of total immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients undergoing replacement therapy for primary immunodeficiency syndromes (2003)

The decline of IgG4 probably reflected a complex catabolic pathway specific for this subclass. As the plasma level of IgG4 is low, the decline of total IgG remained unaffected. Pharmacokinetic properties were consistent with results reported elsewhere in patients undergoing replacement therapy for primary immunodeficiency syndromes.
Comparison of antispasmodic effects of Dracocephalum kotschyi essential oil, limonene and α-terpineol. (2015)

Dracocephalum kotschyi is an essential oil containing plant found in Iran. In Iranian traditional medicine, D. kotschyi has been used as antispasmodic and analgesic but so far there is no pharmacological report about its antispasmodic activity. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study antispasmodic activity of the essential oil of D. kotschyi and two of its constituents namely limonene and α-terpineol. The essential oil was obtained from aerial parts of D. kotschyi using hydrodistillation method. The main components found in the essential oil were α-pinene (10%), neral (11%), geraniol (10%), α-citral (12%), limonene (9%) and α-terpineol (1.1%). For antispasmodic studies, a portion of rat ileum was suspended under 1 g tension in Tyrode's solution at 37 °C and gassed with O2. Effect of the D. kotschyi essential oil, limonene and α-terpineol were studied on ileum contractions induced by KCl (80 mM), acetylcholine (ACh, 500 nM) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). The essential oil, in a concentration dependent manner inhibited the response to KCl (IC50=51 ± 8.7 nl/ml), ACh (IC50=19 ± 2.7 nl/ml) and EFS (IC50=15 ± 0.5 nl/ml). Limonene and α-terpineol showed same pattern of inhibitory effect on ileum contraction. Their inhibitory effects were also concentration dependent. However, limonene was more potent than the essential oil while the α-terpineol was less potent than either limonene or the essential oil. From this experiment it was concluded that D. kotschyi essential oil has inhibitory effect on ileum contractions. Limonene contribute a major role in inhibitory effect of the essential oil while α-terpineol has weak antispasmodic activity.
Cytokines in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1994)

Cytokines play a pathogenetic role in a variety of infective and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we had two objectives: (a) to define the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in plasma after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients treated with early thrombolysis, and (b) to measure other cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF receptor antagonists, in plasma. TNF-alpha, but not IL-1 beta or IL-8, was present in plasma of 6 of 7 patients with severe AMI (Killip class 3 or 4). No TNF (< 50 pg/ml) was detected in a group of 11 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction (Killip class 1) or in control patients without AMI. Soluble TNF receptor type I and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were also significantly increased in the group with severe AMI compared with those with uncomplicated AMI. Circulating TNF is increased only in AMI complicated by heart failure at hospital admission. This finding may have diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
Multiple Functionalities of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films: New Biomedical Applications (2009)

The design of advanced functional materials with nanometer- and micrometer-scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer-by-layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under "mild" conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra-cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio-temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design "reservoirs," as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell "niches."
Fabrication of microstructured silicon (µs-Si) from a bulk Si wafer and its use in the printing of high-performance thin-film transistors on plastic substrates (2010)

In this paper, we report a new fabrication route to generate microstructured, single-crystalline silicon (µs-Si) ribbons using (1 1 0) silicon. Two different methods were explored for producing these printable structures. This work also introduces a second-process innovation in the fabrication of microstructured semiconductor objects for printed large-area circuits, namely the direct integration of a high-quality, thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer for use as a gate dielectric in top-gate metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors. We also demonstrate and characterize a soft, conformable lamination process that considerably enhances the mechanical stability of devices printed on plastic, allowing bending radii as small as 0.8 cm. These structures enable a reduction of the bending strains localized at the device interface. These improvements were fully characterized by finite element simulations of the strain distribution present in a descriptive model of the multilayer laminated circuit.
Image Processing of 2-Dimensional Barcode (2011)

QR (Quick Response) codes are frequently used with progress of the Internet and introducing the QR decoding function in the cellular phone. A bar code shows an individual identification number (ID) by this number fundamentally. As the amount of information encoded by one-dimensional bar codes is limited, two-dimensional bar codes have been developed. This paper presents the dotted picture or image multiplexing method over the QR coding and the evaluation of the redundancy characteristics of the QR coding. Then, the animation method of image QR code is presented. The prototype of the QR Editor for making the QR code with the dotted pictures or image has been developed and the dotted pictures reading characteristics are confirmed by the cellular phone barcode reader.
Proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma: 10 years later (2012)

Proteasome inhibition has emerged as an important therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma (MM). Since the publication of the first phase 1 trials of bortezomib 10 years ago, this first-in-class proteasome inhibitor (PI) has contributed substantially to the observed improvement in survival in MM patients over the past decade. Although first approved as a single agent in the relapsed setting, bortezomib is now predominantly used in combination regimens. Furthermore, the standard twice-weekly schedule may be replaced by weekly infusion, especially when bortezomib is used as part of combination regimens in frontline therapy. Indeed, bortezomib is an established component of induction therapy for patients eligible or ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. Bortezomib has also been incorporated into conditioning regimens before autologous stem cell transplantation, as well as into post-ASCT consolidation therapy, and in the maintenance setting. In addition, a new route of bortezomib administration, subcutaneous infusion, has recently been approved. Recently, several new agents have been introduced into the clinic, including carfilzomib, marizomib, and MLN9708, and trials investigating these "second-generation" PIs in patients with relapsed/refractory MMs have demonstrated positive results. This review provides an overview of the role of PIs in the treatment of MM, focusing on developments over the past decade.
Improved diffuse fluorescence flow cytometer prototype for high sensitivity detection of rare circulating cellsin vivo (2013)

Detection and enumeration of rare circulating cells in mice are important problems in many areas of preclinical biomedical research. Recently, we developed a new method termed "diffuse fluorescence flow cytometry" (DFFC) that uses diffuse photons to increase the blood sampling volume and sensitivity versus existing in vivo flow cytometry methods. In this work, we describe a new DFFC prototype with approximately an order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity compared to our previous work. This sensitivity improvement is enabled by a number of technical innovations, which include a method for the removal of motion artifacts (allowing interrogation of mouse hindlegs that was less optically attenuating versus the tail) and improved collection optics and signal preamplification. We validated our system first in limb mimicking optical flow phantoms with fluorescent microspheres and then in nude mice with fluorescently labeled mesenchymal stem cells at injected concentrations of 5×103 cells/mL. In combination, these improvements resulted in an overall cell counting sensitivity of about 1 cell/mL or better in vivo.
Transduction of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Using Lentivirus Vectors Pseudotyped with Modified RD114 Envelope Glycoproteins (2004)

Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention as tools for the systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins in vivo, and the ability to efficiently transfer genes of interest into such cells would create a number of therapeutic opportunities. We have designed and tested a series of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based vectors and vectors based on the oncogenic murine stem cell virus to deliver and express transgenes in human MSCs. These vectors were pseudotyped with either the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) glycoprotein (GP) or the feline endogenous virus RD114 envelope GP. Transduction efficiencies and transgene expression levels in MSCs were analyzed by quantitative flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. While transduction efficiencies with virus particles pseudotyped with the VSV-G GP were found to be high, RD114 pseudotypes revealed transduction efficiencies that were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude below those observed with VSV-G pseudotypes. However, chimeric RD114 GPs, with the transmembrane and extracellular domains fused to the cytoplasmic domain derived from the amphotropic Moloney murine leukemia virus 4070A GP, revealed about 15-fold higher titers relative to the unmodified RD114 GP. The transduction efficiencies in human MSCs of HIV-1-based vectors pseudotyped with the chimeric RD114 GP were similar to those obtained with HIV-1 vectors pseudotyped with the VSV-G GP. Our results also indicate that RD114 pseudotypes were less toxic than VSV-G pseudotypes in human MSC progenitor assays. Taken together, these results suggest that lentivirus pseudotypes bearing alternative Env GPs provide efficient tools for ex vivo modification of human MSCs.
Frequency-dependent transition in power-law rheological behavior of living cells (2022)

Living cells are active viscoelastic materials exhibiting diverse mechanical behaviors at different time scales. However, dynamical rheological characteristics of cells in frequency range spanning many orders of magnitude, especially in high frequencies, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a self-similar hierarchical model can capture cell's power-law rheological characteristics in different frequency scales. In low-frequency scales, the storage and loss moduli exhibit a weak power-law dependence on frequency with same exponent. In high-frequency scales, the storage modulus becomes a constant, while the loss modulus shows a power-law dependence on frequency with an exponent of 1.0. The transition between low- and high-frequency scales is defined by a transition frequency based on cell's mechanical parameters. The cytoskeletal differences of different cell types or states can be characterized by changes in mechanical parameters in the model. This study provides valuable insights into potentially using mechanics-based markers for cell classification and cancer diagnosis.
Natural Question Generation with Reinforcement Learning Based Graph-to-Sequence Model (2019)

Natural question generation (QG) aims to generate questions from a passage and an answer. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based graph-to-sequence (Graph2Seq) model for QG. Our model consists of a Graph2Seq generator where a novel Bidirectional Gated Graph Neural Network is proposed to embed the passage, and a hybrid evaluator with a mixed objective combining both cross-entropy and RL losses to ensure the generation of syntactically and semantically valid text. The proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on the SQuAD dataset.
Mejoremos los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante la investigación-acción (2007)

Se ha realizado una investigación-acción para mejorar la práctica educativa mediante el análisis de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las escuelas La Bressola, tomando como muestra alumnos de diferentes ciclos. Para poder llevar a cabo la investigación, hemos analizado la filiación de ciento cincuenta secuencias de treinta segundos cada una, extraídas de actividades consideradas exitosas por los docentes. A partir del análisis de éstas se han podido extraer puntos comunes que también pueden ser de utilidad por otras escuelas y/o centros educativos. Podemos destacar como puntos comunes la realización de rutinas previas a la actividad para que los niños interaccionen entre ellos y estén predispuestos a realizarla; el trabajo autónomo haciendo que los niños sean los protagonistas de sus aprendizajes; la experimentación y actividades manipulativas para favorecer un aprendizaje vivencial; la organización del espacio del aula para favorecer el intercambio entre los alumnos y con la maestra; la organización vertical de los alumnos para que grandes y pequeños aprendan mutuamente; la relación de las actividades con la realidad a través de unos aprendizajes funcionales y significativos; la verbalización posterior a la actividad para compartir impresiones; el trabajo en pequeño grupo para fomentar la cooperación; la autoevaluación que hacen los alumnos para incentivar la reflexión y la autocrítica y por último, la realización de asambleas para conseguir la participación de los alumnos y llegar a decisiones conjuntas. Con esta investigación se pretende contribuir a la formación permanente de los/las maestras, así como intercambiar recursos y estrategias utilizadas por los docentes de las diferentes escuelas.