gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possibility of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes (2018)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure (HF), due to complications such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia based on metabolic syndrome, which plays the central pathological role in HF. A reason is that T2DM causes left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction beginning in the early phase of the disease, which in turn increases the risk of development of HF independently of the control of blood glucose levels, blood pressure or the presence of coronary artery diseases. Intracellular metabolic disorders and increased oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia, increased insulin resistance and chronic inflammation are pathogenic mechanisms involved in the LV diastolic dysfunction caused by T2DM. These mechanisms lead to structural changes in the heart such as LV hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, resulting in HF. The prevalence of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the major pathology of LV diastolic dysfunction, has been increasing recently, and a high incidence of HFpEF in patients with T2DM was reported. An effective therapy has not been established for HFpEF because multiple comorbidities such as advanced age, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation as well as diabetes are involved in its pathology. In the present review, we review the involvement of associated conditions such as hypertension, obesity and advanced age from the aspect of the T2DM and LV diastolic dysfunction and discuss the possibility of the development of a new therapeutic strategy for LV diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF.
Femtosecond intracavity pumped ring optical parametric oscillator: An ultra-sensitive sensor (2004)

A beat note of /spl ap/100 Hz with a bandwidth less than 10 Hz, is measured between the two outputs of a ring optical parametric oscillator, demonstrating a sensitivity to optical path differences of 10/sup -12/ m, with fs resolution.
Prediction of the Immunodominant Epitope of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex E2 in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Using Phage Display (2000)

Abstract Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by autoantibodies reactive with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. A conformational epitope has been mapped to aa 91–227 within the inner lipoyl domain of the E2 subunit (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 (PDC-E2)). We have used phage display to further localize this epitope. A random heptapeptide library was screened using IgG from two patients with PBC, with negative selection using pooled normal IgG. Phage that contained peptide inserts (phagotopes) selected using PBC sera differed from those selected using IgG from patients with RA or polychondritis. Two motifs occurred only among the PBC-selected phagotopes; these were MH (13 sequences, 16 phagotopes) and FV (FVEHTRW, FVEIYSP, FVLPWRI). The phagotopes selected were tested for reactivity with anti-PDC-E2 affinity purified from four patients with PBC. Phagotopes that contained 1 of 15 different peptide sequences were reactive with one or more of these four anti-PDC-E2 preparations, whereas phagotopes that contained 1of the remaining 28 sequences were negative. The peptides (FVLPWRI, MHLNTPP, MHLTQSP) encoded by three phagotopes that were strongly reactive with all four preparations of anti-PDC-E2 were synthesized. Each of the selected peptides, but not an irrelevant peptide, inhibited the reactivity by ELISA of PBC serum with recombinant PDC-E2 and reduced the inhibition of the enzyme activity of PDC by a PBC serum. The peptide sequences, along with the known NMR structure of the inner lipoyl domain of PDC-E2, allow the prediction of nonsequential residues 131HM132 and 178FEV180 that contribute to a conformational epitope.
The Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Male Alopecia (2013)

Risk, III.
Tuning the serum persistence of human serum albumin domain III:diabody fusion proteins (2010)

The long circulation persistence of human serum albumin (HSA) is enabled by its domain III (DIII) interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). A protein scaffold based on HSA DIII was designed. To modify the serum half life of the scaffold, residues H535, H510, and H464 were individually mutated to alanine. HSA DIII wild type (WT) and variants were fused to the anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) T84.66 diabody (Db), radiolabeled with (124)I and injected into xenografted athymic mice for serial PET/CT imaging. All proteins targeted the CEA-positive tumor. The mean residence times (MRT) of the proteins, calculated by quantifying blood activity from the PET images, were: Db-DIII WT (56.7 h), H535A (25 h), H510A (20 h), H464A (17 h), compared with Db (2.9 h). Biodistribution confirmed the order of blood clearance from slow to fast: Db-DIII WT > H535A > H510A > H464A > Db with 4.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.6 and 0.08 %ID/g of remaining blood activity at 51 h, respectively. This study demonstrates that attenuating the DIII-FcRn interaction provides a way of controlling the pharmacokinetics of the entire Db-DIII fusion protein without compromising tumor targeting. H464 appears to be most crucial for FcRn binding (greatest reduction in MRT), followed by H510 and H535. By mutating the DIII scaffold, we can dial serum kinetics for imaging or therapy applications.
Comparison of microrings and microdisks for high-speed optical modulation in silicon photonics (2018)

The past several decades have witnessed the gradual transition from electrical to optical interconnects, ranging from long-haul telecommunication to chip-to-chip interconnects. As one type of key component in integrated optical interconnect and high-performance computing, optical modulators have been well developed these past few years, including ultrahigh-speed microring and microdisk modulators. In this paper, a comparison between microring and microdisk modulators is well analyzed in terms of dimensions, static and dynamic power consumption, and fabrication tolerance. The results show that microdisks have advantages over microrings in these aspects, which gives instructions to the chip design of high-density integrated systems for optical interconnects and optical computing.
Road tracing by profile matching and Kaiman filtering (1995)

Road tracing is a promising technique to increase the efficiency of road mapping. In this paper a new road tracing algorithm is presented. Road positions are computed by matching the average grey value profile of a reference road segment with profiles taken from the image. The road parameters are estimated by the recursive Kaiman filter. By utilizing the prediction step of the Kaiman filter the road tracer is able to continue following the road despite temporary failures of the profile matching that are due to road crossings, exits and cars.
Difference in capacity of Sendai virus envelope components to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes in primary and secondary immune responses (1979)

Studies were made on the abilities of Sendai virus envelope components to induce primary and secondary generations of virus-specific cytotoxic mouse T lymphocytes (CTL). The primary CTL response in BALB/c mice was induced by reassembled envelope particles that had fusion activity but not by envelope glycoproteins without fusion activity, although both preparations induced a humoral immune response. Reconstitution of membrane-bound envelope proteins from envelope glycoproteins with lipids restored the fusion activity and the capacity to induce CTL. Target cells susceptible to virus-specific CTL could be induced by reassembled envelope particles, but not by envelope glycoproteins or LLC-MK2 cell-grown Sendai virus, neither of which had fusion activity. On the other hand, all the viruses and envelope components tested were found to stimulate a virus-specific CTL response in the in vitro secondary generation of CTL from virus-primed spleen cells. These results suggest that Senaei virus fusion activity is involved in primary induction of the CTL response as well as in target cell formation, but that it is not essential for secondary stimulation of the CTL response.
Message amplification phenotyping (MAPPing): a technique to simultaneously measure multiple mRNAs from small numbers of cells. (1990)

A rapid and highly sensitive technique (MAPPing: message amplification phenotyping) has been developed to simultaneously analyze the array of messenger RNAs made by small numbers of cells. The technique incorporates a micro-procedure for isolating RNA, reverse transcription of total cellular RNA to produce cDNA, and enzymatic amplification of cytokine-specific DNA fragments using the polymerase chain reaction. In this study, the technique has been applied to the analysis of cytokines produced by lymphoid cells ranging in number from a single cell to 10(6) cells. The technique should be applicable to virtually any tissue or cell type.
Robust tracking with motion estimation and kernel-based color modelling (2005)

Visual tracking is still a challenging problem in computer vision. The applications of visual tracking are far-reaching, ranging from surveillance and monitoring to smart rooms. In this work, we propose a new method to track arbitrary objects using both sum-of-squared differences (SSD) and color-based mean-shift (MS) trackers in the Kalman filter framework. The SSD and the MS trackers complement each other by overcoming their respective disadvantages. The rapid model change in SSD tracker is overcome by the MS tracker module, while the inability of MS tracker to handle large displacements and occlusions is circumvented by the SSD module. In addition, rapid scale changes of the object generated by camera ego-motion or zooming are measured by a global affine motion estimation. Finally, the global appearance model on which MS relies is updated, based on the Bhattacharyya distance between this target model and current candidate model. This permits to tackle global appearance changes of the object. The performance of the proposed tracker is better than the individual SSD and MS trackers.
Fishing Expedition - a Supervised Approach to Extract Patterns from a Compendium of Expression Profiles (2005)

Reference databases of expression profiles from diverse mutations and chemical treatments of a single assay offer a bird’s-eye view of changing expression patterns due to multiple perturbations. Such a compendium of expression profiles has been used to ascertain the roles of previously uncharacterised genes and infer the pathways through which their impact may take place. However, many genes have multiple molecular functions and are involved in different biological processes. The interaction patterns between genes and profiles from two-dimensional hierarchical clustering of such compendium of data could be very complex and often scattered. This makes it difficult to identify and extract all the genes and profiles whose variation in expression levels is closely associated with a particular target function. In this paper, a supervised component analysis approach is proposed in which a small number of profiles and/or genes of known properties are used as “bait” to help “fish out” other profiles and genes from a reference database that are relevant to a particular function of interest. The final cluster analysis and pattern match is then done using a much-reduced data set.
Superscalar microprocessor design (1991)

1. Beyond Pipelining, CISC, and RISC. 2. An Introduction to Superscalar Concepts. 3. Developing an Execution Model. 4. Instruction Fetching and Decoding. 5. The Role of Exception Recovery. 6. Register Dataflow. 7. Out-of-Order Instruction Execution. 8. Memory Dataflow. 9. Complexity and Controversy. 10. Basic Software Scheduling. 11. Software Scheduling Across Branches. 12. Evaluating Alternatives: A Perspective on Superscalar Microprocessors. References.
Transform skip residual coding for the versatile video coding standard (2019)

The development of the emerging Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard was motivated by the need of significant bit-rate reductions for natural video content as well as content for different applications, such as computer generated screen content. The signal characteristics of screen content video are different to the ones of natural content. These include sharp edges as well as at areas of the same color. In block-based hybrid video coding designs, as employed in VVC and its predecessors standards, skipping the transform stage of the prediction residual for screen content signals can be beneficial due to the different residual signal characteristics. In this paper, a modified transform coefficient level coding tailored for transform skip residual signals is presented. This includes no signaling of the last significant position, a coded block ag for every subblock, modified context modeling and binarization as well as a limit for the number of context coded bins per sample. Experimental results show bit-rate savings up to 3.45% and 9.55% for two different classes of screen content test sequences coded in a random access configuration.
Synthesis of disulfide-bonded outer membrane proteins during the developmental cycle of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis (1986)

The disulfide bond cross-linked major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of the extracellular elementary bodies (EBs) of Chlamydia psittaci was reduced to its monomeric form within 1 h of entry of EBs into host cells by a process which was inhibited by chloramphenicol, while monomeric forms of three cross-linked cysteine-rich proteins could not be detected in Sarkosyl outer membrane complexes at any time in either extracellular or intracellular forms of C. psittaci. Synthesis and incorporation of the MOMP into outer membrane complexes were detected early in the infection cycle (12 h postinfection), while synthesis and incorporation of the cysteine-rich proteins were not observed until reticulate bodies had begun to reorganize into EBs at 20 to 22 h postinfection. By 46 h postinfection, the intracellular population of C. psittaci consisted mainly of EBs, the outer membrane complexes of which were replete with monomeric MOMP and cross-linked cysteine-rich proteins. Upon lysis of infected cells at 46 h, the MOMP was rapidly cross-linked, and infectious EBs were released. The status of the MOMP of intracellular Chlamydia trachomatis was similar to the status of the MOMP of C. psittaci in that the MOMP was largely uncross-linked at 24 and 48 h postinfection, but formed interpeptide disulfide bonds when it was exposed to an extracellular environment late in the developmental cycle. In contrast to C. psittaci, only a fraction of the cross-linked MOMP of infecting EBs of C. trachomatis was reduced by 4 h postinfection, and reduction of the MOMP was not inhibited by chloramphenicol. Exposure of extracellular EBs of C. trachomatis and C. psittaci to dithiothreitol reduced the MOMP but failed to stimulate metabolic activities normally associated with reticulate bodies.
T lymphocytes redirected against the κ light chain of human immunoglobulin efficiently kill mature B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells (2006)

There has been interest in generating T cells expressing chimeric artificial receptors (CARs) targeting CD19/CD20 antigens to treat B-cell lymphomas. If successful, however, this approach would likely impair humoral immunity because T cells may persist long-term. Most low-grade lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells express monoclonal immunoglobulins carrying either kappa or lambda light chains. We, therefore, explored whether T lymphocytes could be genetically modified to target the tumor-associated light chain, sparing B lymphocytes expressing the reciprocal light chain, and consequently reduce impairment of humoral immunity. We found that T lymphocytes expressing the anti-kappa light chain CAR showed cytotoxic activity against Igkappa(+) tumor cell lines and B-CLL cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the incorporation of the CD28 endodomain within the CAR enhanced the in vitro and in vivo expansion of transgenic T cells after tumor-associated antigen stimulation. Free Igkappa(+) did not compromise the ability of redirected T lymphocytes to eliminate Igkappa(+) tumors because these free immunoglobulins served to sustain proliferation of CAR-CD28 transgenic T cells. Thus, adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes targeting the appropriate light chain could be a useful immunotherapy approach to treat B-lymphocyte malignancies that clonally express immunoglobulin without entirely compromising humoral immunity.
Targeting protein function: the expanding toolkit for conditional disruption (2016)

A major objective in biological research is to understand spatial and temporal requirements for any given gene, especially in dynamic processes acting over short periods, such as catalytically driven reactions, subcellular transport, cell division, cell rearrangement and cell migration. The interrogation of such processes requires the use of rapid and flexible methods of interfering with gene function. However, many of the most widely used interventional approaches, such as RNAi or CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated 9), operate at the level of the gene or its transcripts, meaning that the effects of gene perturbation are exhibited over longer time frames than the process under investigation. There has been much activity over the last few years to address this fundamental problem. In the present review, we describe recent advances in disruption technologies acting at the level of the expressed protein, involving inducible methods of protein cleavage, (in)activation, protein sequestration or degradation. Drawing on examples from model organisms we illustrate the utility of fast-acting techniques and discuss how different components of the molecular toolkit can be employed to dissect previously intractable biochemical processes and cellular behaviours.
T-Mycoplasmas: Some Factors Affecting Their Growth, Colonial Morphology, and Assay on Agar (1973)

Journal Article T-Mycoplasmas: Some Factors Affecting Their Growth, Colonial Morphology, and Assay on Agar Get access Geoffrey Furness Geoffrey Furness From the Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 128, Issue 6, December 1973, Pages 703–709, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/128.6.703 Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Received: 09 June 1971 Revision received: 21 June 1971 Published: 01 December 1973
Minimally Invasive Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nasal Hypersecretion (2001)

We report on the effect of the local application of botulinum toxin A on nasal hypersecretion in a female patient with intrinsic rhinitis. 20 units of botulinum toxin A (Botox) was inserted into each nostril using a small sponge in close contact with the lower and middle turbinates. The effect was scored by the patient and by rhinomanometry. Nasal hypersecretion diminished clearly 5 days after the treatment. The rhinomanometric flow increased 2 weeks after the application. No side effects occurred. We conclude that this minimal invasive method of local botulinum toxin application might be a very effective and safe option for the treatment of nasal hypersecretion of different etiologies.
Bronchodilators, N-Substituted Derivatives of 1-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol (Arterenol) (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBronchodilators, N-Substituted Derivatives of 1-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol (Arterenol)John H. Biel, Edgar G. Schwarz, Edwin P. Sprengeler, Helen A. Leiser, and Harris L. FriedmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 12, 3149–3153Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01641a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01641a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A virus similar to human hepatitis B virus associated with hepatitis and hepatoma in woodchucks. (1978)

Particles with properties similar to those associated with human hepatitis B were found in serum from woodchucks with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is suggested that woodchuck hepatitis virus is a second member of a novel class of viruses represented by the human hepatitis B virus.
Improvement of the lactic acid extraction. Extraction from aqueous solutions and simulated fermentation broth by means of mixed extractant and TOA, partially loaded with HCl (2005)

Lactic acid is an important chemical product with wide use in many industrial fields. About a half of world production of lactic acid is made by fermentation of different sugars by means of Lactobacillus sp. strains. Two methods for overcoming the problems, arising from the difference in pH optima for extraction and fermentation in the extractive lactic acid fermentation, are proposed. The first method is based on the use of a mixed extractant composed by tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and Aliquat 336 (methyltrioctylammomium chloride), dissolved in decanol and dodecane. The use of mixed extractant leads to increase in extraction performance in comparison with individual extractants. The extraction efficiency depends on initial acid concentration, pH and Aliquat/TOA ratio as well. While at 5 gl - 1 lactic acid the distribution coefficient increase with increasing of Aliquat concentration, for 10 and 25 gl - 1 lactic acid the value of distribution coefficient passes through maximum. With increase of acid concentration the position of the maximum shifts to higher TOA concentration. The second method includes the use of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) partially converted to amine hydrochloride. This approach leads to increase in the extraction performance in comparison to the extraction with TOA at high pH values. The extraction efficiency depends on initial lactic acid concentration, pH value, and degree of loading with HCl.