gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whiteboard (2019)

This essay provides an intimate account of what it means to be a queer student at the University of Wyoming in post-Shepard Laramie. White speaks to experiences that have been less visible in relation to Matthew Shepard’s murder: those of out of state college students who arrive as young adults and live in the town from anywhere between two to six years. White also reflects on an earlier piece she wrote after a year in the MFA program at the University of Wyoming, which looked at the story of Matthew Shepard’s murder as a national and local narrative about violence, collective responsibility, and reformation. In her essay for this volume, White examines the conflict between “cooperative representation and incorrigible authenticity.” Identifying as a visibly gender-nonconforming “dyke,” White describes her experiences of feeling both oppressed and empowered while living in Laramie. White’s account, while framed by Matthew Shepard’s murder, is personal; she speaks to the kind of affective violence that the mythical presence of Shepard’s death had and has on LGBTQ publics.
Asymmetric Alternating Copolymerization of Meso-epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides: Efficient Access to Enantiopure Polyesters (2016)

Synthesis of stereoregular polyesters with main-chain chirality was achieved for the first time by the asymmetric copolymerization of meso-epoxides and cyclic anhydrides using catalyst systems based on enantiopure bimetallic complexes. The combination of the biphenol-linked dinuclear aluminum complex with tert-butyl groups in the phenolate ortho-positions and a nucleophilic co-catalyst was found to be more efficient in catalyzing this asymmetric copolymerization, affording enantiomerically enriched polyesters (up to 91% ee) with completely alternating structure and narrow molecular weight distribution. It was discovered that the isotactic-enriched poly(cyclopentene phthalate) is a typical semicrystalline material with a melting endothermic peak at 221 °C. This study is expected to provide a promising route to prepare various stereoregular polyesters having a wide variety of physical properties and degradability.
Treatment considerations in painful HIV-related neuropathy. (2012)

Clinicians should consider all aspects of various therapeutic options, carefully weighing the risk/benefit ratios of each potential treatment before initiating opioids for painful HIV-related neuropathy.
Carbon Monoxide Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in an Experimental Model of Controlled Nonheartbeating Donor Kidney (2008)

Low-dose CORM-3 significantly ameliorates the effects of ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model of controlled nonheartbeating donor kidney transplantation.
Evaluation of downhole electric impedance heating systems for paraffin control in oil wells (1992)

Paraffin deposition in oil wells is a problem frequently encountered in the oil industry. Conventional methods, such as hot oiling, chemical injection, or using scrapers, have not always been successful and cost effective. New approaches based on electrical impedance heating offer a practical alternative to conventional methods. Three approaches using such technology are examined. An evaluation of a pilot oil well installation using the latest impedance heating technology is presented. A method of calculating skin effect and hysteresis is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SPC based in-line reticle monitoring on product wafers (2005)

In the area of advanced IC manufacturing, reticle contamination, especially through crystal growth (progressive defects), is increasingly becoming an issue. These small contaminants on the reticle which grow over time can cause both yield-sort and catastrophic defects in the printed pattern, and so will be a constant threat for the lithography process as 193 nm wavelength and 300 mm wafer proliferation continues. Bright-field inspection on KLA-Tencor 2351 patterned wafer inspection tools is the industry standard for detecting catastrophic yield events on wafers, and STARlight inspection is the industry standard for detecting all types of contaminants found on reticles. The STARlight reticle requalification determines whether the reticle can be used at all, and the 2351 bright-field wafer inspections can be performed as insurance to ensure no progressive defects have become catastrophic before the reticle 's next scheduled STARlight requalification. If found, the affected wafers can be reworked (not scrapped later in line), and the STARlight requalification interval can be shortened. 2351 complements the STARlight inspection. This paper describes a method developed at Infineon Technologies in Dresden based on a sensitive defect inspection of patterned resist on DRAM/NROM product wafers. Advanced repeater filtering on the KLA-Tencor 2351 brightfield patterned wafer inspection tool based on the reticle layout can effectively separate the relevant repeaters. These parameters are not globally defined, but can be adjusted recipe-fine, i.e. they can be adjusted to the overall defect density and thus the average distance between adjacent defects. Thus specific layer noise and sensitivity levels can be respected
Money and General Equilibrium (2008)

The study of money and general equilibrium deautility associated with the consuls with the integration of monetary theory and the classical theory of value. It includes such topics as the role of money in exchange, the determination of the price level, and the ‘real’ effects of money on the allocation of goods and services.
The Origin and Neuronal Function ofIn VivoNonsynaptic Glutamate (2002)

Basal extracellular glutamate sampled in vivo is present in micromolar concentrations in the extracellular space outside the synaptic cleft, and neither the origin nor the function of this glutamate is known. This report reveals that blockade of glutamate release from the cystine-glutamate antiporter produced a significant decrease (60%) in extrasynaptic glutamate levels in the rat striatum, whereas blockade of voltage-dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels produced relatively minimal changes (0-30%). This indicates that the primary origin of in vivo extrasynaptic glutamate in the striatum arises from nonvesicular glutamate release by the cystine-glutamate antiporter. By measuring [35S]cystine uptake, it was shown that similar to vesicular release, the activity of the cystine-glutamate antiporter is negatively regulated by group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase mechanism. Extracellular glutamate derived from the antiporter was shown to regulate extracellular levels of glutamate and dopamine. Infusion of the mGluR2/3 antagonist (RS)-1-amino-5-phosphonoindan-1-carboxylic acid (APICA) increased extracellular glutamate levels, and previous blockade of the antiporter prevented the APICA-induced rise in extracellular glutamate. This suggests that glutamate released from the antiporter is a source of endogenous tone on mGluR2/3. Blockade of the antiporter also produced an increase in extracellular dopamine that was reversed by infusing the mGluR2/3 agonist (2R,4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxlylate, indicating that antiporter-derived glutamate can modulate dopamine transmission via mGluR2/3 heteroreceptors. These results suggest that nonvesicular release from the cystine-glutamate antiporter is the primary source of in vivo extracellular glutamate and that this glutamate can modulate both glutamate and dopamine transmission.
Multi-miRNA hairpin method that improves gene knockdown efficiency and provides linked multi-gene knockdown (2006)

A number of natural microRNA (miRNA) hairpins have been found in clusters of multiple identical or different copies, suggesting that effects of miRNAs can be enhanced and multiple genes can be regulated together by encoding multiple miRNA hairpins in a single transcript. Here, we report a simple and effective artificial multi-hairpin method that stimulates production of mature 22-nucleotide small RNAs from modified miRNA hairpins, improves gene knockdown over single-hairpin constructs, and provides linked multi-gene knockdowns.
Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition (1993)

4 impressão.
The aftermath of boxing (1973)

SYNOPSIS The brains of 15 retired boxers have been studied and the lives of the men concerned have been investigated in retrospect. A characteristic pattern of cerebral change has been identified which appears not only to be a result of the boxing but also to underlie many features of the punch-drunk syndrome.
Deep Survival Analysis (2016)

The electronic health record (EHR) provides an unprecedented opportunity to build actionable tools to support physicians at the point of care. In this paper, we investigate survival analysis in the context of EHR data. We introduce deep survival analysis, a hierarchical generative approach to survival analysis. It departs from previous approaches in two primary ways: (1) all observations, including covariates, are modeled jointly conditioned on a rich latent structure; and (2) the observations are aligned by their failure time, rather than by an arbitrary time zero as in traditional survival analysis. Further, it (3) scalably handles heterogeneous (continuous and discrete) data types that occur in the EHR. We validate deep survival analysis model by stratifying patients according to risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Specifically, we study a dataset of 313,000 patients corresponding to 5.5 million months of observations. When compared to the clinically validated Framingham CHD risk score, deep survival analysis is significantly superior in stratifying patients according to their risk.
Elevated Skeletal Osteopontin Levels Contribute to the Hypophosphatasia Phenotype in Akp2−/− Mice (2006)

Deletion of both Akp2 and Opn can partially rescue the hypomineralized phenotype of Akp2(-/-) mice. However, these double knockout mice do not display corrected ePP(i) levels, and we conclude that regulation of hydroxyapatite deposition requires the coordinated actions of both PP(i) and OPN and that the hypophosphatasia phenotype in Akp2(-/-) mice results from the combined inhibitory action of increased levels of both ePP(i) and OPN. Our data also suggest that the ePP(i)-mediated regulation of OPN and the OPN-mediated regulation of ePP(i) are linked counterregulatory mechanisms that control the concentrations of these two important mineralization inhibitors, OPN and ePP(i).
Phase structure and rheological properties of a mixed zwitterionic/anionic surfactant system (1974)

The phase diagram of the mixed zwitterionic/anionic surfactant system hexadecyldimethyl-ammoniopropanesulphonate/sodium dodecyl sulphate/water has been determined in the aqueous region (90.0 % water) by optical microscopy and low angle X-ray scattering; the phases observed were an isotropic surfactant solution and a hexagonal liquid crystalline phase. Some aqueous solutions were found to be viscoelastic and the composition boundaries of solutions with these properties were parallel to the phase boundaries. N.m.r. was used additionally to study the structure of the viscoelastic solutions and the results are interpreted using a model which involves the existence of both normal spherical micelles and cylindrical micelles in equilibrium.
Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Toxicity in Periventricular Leukomalacia: A Protective Role for Topiramate (2004)

Periventricular leukomalacia is a form of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral white matter injury seen most commonly in premature infants and is the major antecedent of cerebral palsy. Glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is a predominant mechanism of hypoxic-ischemic injury to developing cerebral white matter. We have demonstrated previously the protective effect of AMPA-kainate-type glutamate receptor blockade in a rodent model of periventricular leukomalacia. The present study explores the therapeutic potential of glutamate receptor blockade for hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. We demonstrate that AMPA receptors are expressed on developing human oligodendrocytes that populate fetal white matter at 23-32 weeks gestation, the period of highest risk for periventricular leukomalacia. We show that the clinically available anticonvulsant topiramate, when administered post-insult in vivo, is protective against selective hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury and decreases the subsequent neuromotor deficits. We further demonstrate that topiramate attenuates AMPA-kainate receptor-mediated cell death and calcium influx, as well as kainate-evoked currents in developing oligodendrocytes, similar to the AMPA-kainate receptor antagonist 6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo-(f)quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX). Notably, protective doses of NBQX and topiramate do not affect normal maturation and proliferation of oligodendrocytes either in vivo or in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that AMPA-kainate receptor blockade may have potential for translation as a therapeutic strategy for periventricular leukomalacia and that the mechanism of protective efficacy of topiramate is caused at least in part by attenuation of excitotoxic injury to premyelinating oligodendrocytes in developing white matter.
Evidence for atomic H insertion into strained Si–Si bonds in the amorphous hydrogenated silicon subsurface from in situ infrared spectroscopy (1997)

The reaction of atomic hydrogen with a growing amorphous hydrogenated silicon film plays a crucial role in determining the final material properties: hydrogen saturates dangling bonds in the film and thereby lowers the defect density, and it is assumed that hydrogen is inserted into strained bonds of the silicon network thereby reducing the local disorder. The latter reaction can be inferred indirectly since the total hydrogen uptake exceeds the decrease in the defect density. This letter presents the first direct experimental evidence from in situ infrared spectroscopy for the insertion of hydrogen into strained Si–Si bonds. This reaction becomes visible during the addition of atomic hydrogen to an as-grown film by the appearance of a characteristic SiH vibrational mode at 2033 cm−1, indicating a different embedding Si matrix compared to the standard SiH bulk vibration at 2000 cm−1.
Characterisation of a pine MYB that regulates lignification (2003)

A member of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors was cloned from a cDNA library constructed from RNA isolated from differentiating pine xylem. This MYB, Pinus taeda MYB4 (PtMYB4), is expressed in cells undergoing lignification, as revealed by in situ RT-PCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that recombinant PtMYB4 protein is able to bind to DNA motifs known as AC elements. AC elements are ubiquitous in the promoters of genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes. Transcriptional activation assays using yeast showed that PtMYB4 could activate transcription in an AC-element-dependent fashion. Overexpression of PtMYB4 in transgenic tobacco plants altered the accumulation of transcripts corresponding to genes encoding lignin biosynthetic enzymes. Lignin deposition increased in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpressed PtMYB4, and extended to cell types that do not normally lignify. Taken together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PtMYB4 is sufficient to induce lignification, and that it may play this role during wood formation in pine.
Supramolecular assembly of low-dimensional silver(I) architectures via amide–amide hydrogen bonds (1998)

The ligand nicotinamide (L) is used to propagate the linear coordination geometry of AgL2 into 1-D and 2-D assemblies via a combination of coordinate covalent bonds and specific intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions; the precise nature of the resulting lamellar structures are also influenced by the nature of the counterion.
GLA-SE, a Synthetic Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonist, Enhances T-Cell Responses to Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults (2011)

Our findings suggest that a novel adjuvant, GLA-SE, combined with standard SVV has the potential to significantly improve vaccine-mediated protection against influenza in older adults.
Structural Comparison of Two Major endo-1,4-Xylanases from Trichoderma reesei (1995)

Three-dimensional structures of two major endo-1,4-xylanases, XYNI and XYNII from Trichoderma reesei, have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The amino acid sequences of both enzymes are highly homologous (identity approximately 50%), and both XYNI and XYNII exist as a single domain that contains two mostly antiparallel beta-sheets which are packed against each other. The beta-sheet structure is twisted, forming a cleft where the active site is situated. Two glutamic acids in the cleft, Glu75 and Glu164 in XYNI as well as Glu86 and Glu177 in XYNII, are most likely involved in catalysis. Inspection of the structures reveals that the width of the active site cleft and the number of subsites are different in XYNI and XYNII. The active site is narrower in XYNI and probably contains only three subsites, whereas the number of subsites in XYNII is most likely five. Variations in the surroundings of catalytic residue Glu164XYNI/Glu177XYNII are thought to explain the pH optimum differences observed in XYNI and XYNII.
Image‐based spectral distortion correction for photon‐counting x‐ray detectors (2012)

The study demonstrated that dramatic distortions in the recorded raw image yielded from a photon-counting detector could be expected, which presents great challenges for applying the quantitative material decomposition method in spectral CT. The proposed semi-empirical correction method can effectively reduce these errors caused by various artifacts, including pulse pileup and charge sharing effects. Furthermore, rather than detector-specific simulation packages, the method requires a relatively simple calibration process and knowledge about the incident spectrum. Therefore, it may be used as a generalized procedure for the spectral distortion correction of different photon-counting detectors in clinical breast CT systems.
Binding of malaria T cell epitopes to DR and DQ molecules in vitro correlates with immunogenicity in vivo: identification of a universal T cell epitope in the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (1997)

The efficacy of a malaria peptide vaccine would be enhanced by the inclusion of a parasite-derived universal T cell epitope to ensure that all vaccinees develop parasite-specific cellular and humoral immunity. Two circumsporozoite (CS) protein T cell epitopes, previously identified by CD4+ T cell clones derived from Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite-immunized volunteers, were studied to determine their HLA class II binding potential. One epitope, located in amino acid (aa) 326-345 of the P. falciparum (NF54 strain) CS protein, was "universal" in that it could bind to multiple DR and DQ molecules in vitro. In contrast, the second epitope, T1, which is located in the CS repeat region, was recognized by T cells in the context of DQ6 (DQB1*0603) and did not bind with high affinity to any of the class II molecules tested in the peptide binding assays. The in vitro patterns of peptide/HLA interactions correlated with immunogenicity in vivo. A multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing the aa 326-345 epitope elicited responses in eight inbred strains (H-2(a,b,d,k,p,q,r,s)), while the T1 MAP was recognized by only a single haplotype, H-2b. The combination of the universal aa 326-345 T cell epitope and the T1 repeat in a di-epitope MAP overcame the genetic restriction to the P. falciparum CS repeat region and elicited antisporozoite Ab responses in all of the MAP-immunized mice. Synthetic peptide malaria vaccines containing the aa 326-345 universal T cell epitope would be expected to elicit parasite-specific immune responses in both sporozoite-primed and naive individuals of diverse genetic backgrounds.
Rearrangements of highly polymorphic regions near telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1984)

We have examined the mitotic and meiotic properties of telomeric regions in various laboratory strains of yeast. Using a sequence (Y probe) derived from a cloned yeast telomere (J. Szostak and E. Blackburn, Cell 29:245-255, 1982), we found that various strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae show extensive polymorphisms of restriction endonuclease fragment length. Some of the variation in the lengths of telomeric fragments appears to be under the control of a small number of genes. When DNA from various strains was digested with endonuclease KpnI, nearly all of the fragments homologous to the Y probe were found to be of different size. The pattern of fragments in different strains was extremely variable, with a greater degree of polymorphism than that observed for fragments containing the mobile TY1 element. Tetrad analysis of haploid meiotic segregants from diploids heterozygous for many different Y-homologous KpnI fragments revealed that most of them exhibited Mendelian (2:0) segregation. However, only a small proportion of these fragments displayed the obligate 2:2 parental segregation expected of simple allelic variants at the same chromosome end. From the segregations of these fragments, we concluded that some yeast telomeres lack a Y-homologous sequence and that the chromosome arms containing a Y-homologous sequence are different among various yeast strains. Regions near yeast telomeres frequently undergo rearrangement. Among eight tetrads from three different diploids, we have found three novel Y-homologous restriction fragments that appear to have arisen during meiosis. In all three cases, the appearance of a new fragment was accompanied by the loss of another band. In one of these cases, the rearrangement leading to a novel fragment arose in an isogenic diploid, in which both homologous chromosomes should have been identical. Among these same tetrads we also found examples of apparent mitotic gene conversions and mitotic recombination involving telemetric regions.
Pathology of Fatal West Nile Virus Infections in Native and Exotic Birds during the 1999 Outbreak in New York City, New York (2000)

West Nile fever caused fatal disease in humans, horses, and birds in the northeastern United States during 1999. We studied birds from two wildlife facilities in New York City, New York, that died or were euthanatized and were suspected to have West Nile virus infections. Using standard histologic and ultrastructural methods, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we identified West Nile virus as the cause of clinical disease, severe pathologic changes, and death in 27 birds representing eight orders and 14 species. Virus was detected in 23/26 brains (88%), 24/ 25 hearts (96%), 15/18 spleens (83%), 14/20 livers (70%), 20/20 kidneys (100%), 10/13 adrenals (77%), 13/ 14 intestines (93%), 10/12 pancreata (83%), 5/12 lungs (42%), and 4/8 ovaries (50%) by one or more methods. Cellular targets included neurons and glial cells in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia; myocardial fibers; macrophages and blood monocytes; renal tubular epithelium; adrenal cortical cells; pancreatic acinar cells and islet cells; intestinal crypt epithelium; oocytes; and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Purkinje cells were especially targeted, except in crows and magpies. Gross hemorrhage of the brain, splenomegaly, meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis were the most prominent lesions. Immunohistochemistry was an efficient and reliable method for identifying infected cases, but the polyclonal antibody cross-reacted with St. Louis encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses. In contrast, the in situ hybridization probe pWNV-E (WN-USAMRIID99) reacted only with West Nile virus. These methods should aid diagnosticians faced with the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States.