gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Concentration Dependence and Response to Analyte Mixtures of Carbon Black/Insulating Organic Polymer Composite Vapor Detectors (2000)

The responses relative to an air background of carbon black/polymer composite vapor detectors have been determined as a function of the concentration of a homologous series of alcohols (n-CnH2n+1OH, 1 < or = n < or = 8), a homologous series of alkanes (n-CnH2n+2, 5 < or = n < or = 10 and n = 12, 14), and a set of diverse solvent vapors. In all cases, the steady-state relative differential resistance responses, delta R/Rb, of the carbon black/polymer composite vapor detectors were well-described by a linear relationship with respect to the analyte partial pressure, at least over the tested concentration range (P/P degree = 0.005-0.03, where P degree is the vapor pressure of the analyte). When two vapors in air were simultaneously presented to the detectors, the delta R/Rb response, relative to an air background, was the sum of the delta R/Rb values obtained when each analyte was exposed separately to the carbon black/polymer composite detectors under study. Similarly, when an analyte was exposed to the detectors on top of a background level of another analyte, the delta R/Rb values of the array of detectors were very close to those obtained when the test analyte was exposed to the detectors only in the presence of background air. The initial training requirements from the array response output data of such detectors are minimized because the delta R/Rb response pattern produced by the analyte of concern can be associated uniquely with that odor, under the conditions explored in this work.
A 0.18μm CMOS 10/sup -6/ lux bioluminescence detection system-on-chip (2004)

A chip comprising a 8x16 pseudo-differential pixel array, 128-channel 13b ADC and column-level DSP is fabricated in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process. Detection of 10/sup -6/lux at 30s integration time is achieved via on-chip background subtraction, correlated multiple sampling and averaged 128 13b digitizations/readout. The IC is 25mm/sup 2/ and contains 492k transistors.
Effect of ribonucleoside-vanadyl complexes on enzyme-catalyzed reactions central to recombinant DNA technology (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of ribonucleoside-vanadyl complexes on enzyme-catalyzed reactions central to recombinant DNA technologyRobert S. Puskas, Nancy R. Manley, Donald M. Wallace, and Shelby L. BergerCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 19, 4602–4608Publication Date (Print):September 14, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 14 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00262a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00262a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliability evaluation of HfSiON gate dielectric film with 12.8 Å SiO/sub 2/ equivalent thickness (2002)

Alternate gate-dielectric films are required for future replacement of conventional SiO/sub 2/. Replacement is needed to reduce gate-leakage while still maintaining good reliability and a high-level of transistor performance. One such candidate is HfSiON dielectric film. In this paper we report for the first time, IV and CV characteristics, stability and reliability results for amorphous HfSiON dielectric films scaled below 13 /spl Aring/. Our results show that leakage current through this material is reduced by two orders of magnitude versus an equivalent SiO/sub 2/ film, while the interface and TDDB stability remains good. The positive leakage, stability and reliability results indicate that HfSiON may be a suitable candidate for gate-oxide replacement in CMOS applications where an effective hyper-thin gate-oxide is required for performance reasons and a reduced gate-leakage for low-power applications.
CD134 Plus CD137 Dual Costimulation Induces Eomesodermin in CD4 T Cells To Program Cytotoxic Th1 Differentiation (2011)

Cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells are emerging as a therapeutically useful T cell lineage that can effectively target tumors, but until now the pathways that govern their differentiation have been poorly understood. We demonstrate that CD134 (OX40) costimulation programs naive self- and virus-reactive CD4 T cells to undergo in vivo differentiation into cytotoxic Th1 effectors. CD137 (4-1BB) costimulation maximized clonal expansion, and IL-2 was necessary for cytotoxic Th1 differentiation. Importantly, the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin was critical for inducing the cytotoxic marker granzyme B. CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation also imprinted a cytotoxic phenotype on bystanding CD4 T cells. Thus, to our knowledge, the current study identifies for the first time a specific costimulatory pathway and an intracellular mechanism relying on Eomesodermin that induces both Ag-specific and bystander cytotoxic CD4 Th1 cells. This mechanism might be therapeutically useful because CD134 plus CD137 dual costimulation induced CD4 T cell-dependent tumoricidal function in a mouse melanoma model.
A Diazirine-Based Nucleoside Analogue for Efficient DNA Interstrand Photocross-Linking (2008)

A diazirine-based nucleoside analogue (DBN) efficiently forms DNA interstand cross-linking under near-UV irradiation. This new base analogue may find broad applications in biotechnology and phototherapy.
'That doesn't feel right.' The development of moral feeling through the study of literature, history and social science (2005)

This article shows how, through the study of Humanities (History, Literature and Communications, and Social Science), students can develop their moral reasoning. Bishop Young articulates ways in which lecturers can help students to further their feelings of empathy for others. He argues that the development of moral feeling is the responsibility of all tertiary institutions and especially a Catholic one.
MEMS in medicine and biology (2006)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is a technology developed from the integrated circuit (IC) industry to create miniature sensors and actuators. In order to understand the design of MEMS devices, a review of fabrication technologies, materials, and power supplies is provided. The fabrication of MEMS comprises of surface machining, bulk micromachining, and molding. The paper also discusses some of the applications of MEMS in medicine and biology such as pressure sensors, accelerometers, human retinal prosthesis, tactile sensor skin and MEMS-based renal replacement system
Mice with an inactivated joining chain locus have perturbed IgM secretion (1998)

A mouse with an inactivated joining chain locus was produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells by deleting the first exon. Heterozygote (J+/-) and homozygote (J-/-) offspring from these mice showed normal total serum immunoglobulin levels and a normal peripheral B cell compartment when compared to wild-type littermates. The distribution of serum immunoglobulin isotypes in serum was different; IgA levels were elevated while IgM levels were reduced in J-/- mice as compared to wild-type mice. High molecular weight serum IgM was reduced in J+/- and J-/- mice and instead found in oligomeric form of undefined structure. Furthermore, serum IgM from J+/- and J-/- mice showed a reduced ability to activate complement. The number of splenic and bone marrow IgM plaque-forming cells were reduced in unimmunized J+/- as well as in J-/- mice. Furthermore, the number of plaque-forming cells was reduced in B cells from both J+/- and J-/- mice after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. The perturbation of IgM production in J-/- mice appears to affect a late stage of differentiation, because cells with intracellular IgM were readily detected both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, after immunization with T-dependent or T-independent antigens the IgM component of the immune response was reduced in J-/- mice while only a marginal reduction of the IgG response was detected.
Molecular associations between the T-lymphocyte antigen receptor complex and the surface antigens CD2, CD4, or CD8 and CD5. (1992)

The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is the key structure involved in signal transduction in T cells. To analyze associations between the TCR complex and other molecules, immunoprecipitations were carried out, followed by phosphorylation of molecules in vitro by tyrosine kinases associated with the precipitated molecules. This provided a sensitive assay for molecular complexes, and associations were demonstrated between the TCR complex and the surface antigens CD2, CD4, or CD8 and CD5 in normal rat T cells. The complexes were readily seen in immunoprecipitates from Brij 96 but not Nonidet P-40 detergent extracts. The multimolecular complexes are associated with the internal tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn. The presence of p56lck associated with CD4 or CD8 was also examined in early thymocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. The kinase was present in all cases except that of normal macrophages.
Antagonistic Mechanism of Iturin A and Plipastatin A from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S76-3 from Wheat Spikes against Fusarium graminearum (2015)

Controlling toxigenic Fusarium graminearum (FG) is challenging. A bacterial strain (S76-3, identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) that was isolated from diseased wheat spikes in the field displayed strong antifungal activity against FG. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analyses revealed that S76-3 produced three classes of cyclic lipopeptides including iturin, plipastatin and surfactin. Each class consisted of several different molecules. The iturin and plipastatin fractions strongly inhibited FG; the surfactin fractions did not. The most abundant compound that had antagonistic activity from the iturin fraction was iturin A (m/z 1043.35); the most abundant active compound from the plipastatin fraction was plipastatin A (m/z 1463.90). These compounds were analyzed with collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. The two purified compounds displayed strong fungicidal activity, completely killing conidial spores at the minimal inhibitory concentration range of 50 µg/ml (iturin A) and 100 µg/ml (plipastatin A). Optical and fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed severe morphological changes in conidia and substantial distortions in FG hyphae treated with iturin A or plipastatin A. Iturin A caused leakage and/or inactivation of FG cellular contents and plipastatin A caused vacuolation. Time-lapse imaging of dynamic antagonistic processes illustrated that iturin A caused distortion and conglobation along hyphae and inhibited branch formation and growth, while plipastatin A caused conglobation in young hyphae and branch tips. Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the cell walls of conidia and hyphae of iturin A and plipastatin A treated FG had large gaps and that their plasma membranes were severely damaged and separated from cell walls.
Talbot holographic illumination nonscanning (THIN) fluorescence microscopy (2014)

Optical sectioning techniques offer the ability to acquire three-dimensional information from various organ tissues by discriminating between the desired in-focus and out-of-focus (background) signals. Alternative techniques to confocal, such as active structured illumination, exist for fast optically sectioned images, but they require individual axial planes to be imaged consecutively. In this article, an imaging technique (THIN), by utilizing active Talbot illumination in 3D and multiplexed holographic Bragg filters for depth discrimination, is demonstrated for imaging in vivo 3D biopsy without mechanical or optical axial scanning.
Micromechanical control of cell–cell interactions (2007)

The development and function of living tissues depends largely on interactions between cells that can vary in both time and space; however, temporal control of cell-cell interaction is experimentally challenging. By using a micromachined silicon substrate with moving parts, we demonstrate the dynamic regulation of cell-cell interactions via direct manipulation of adherent cells with micrometer-scale precision. We thereby achieve mechanical control of both tissue composition and spatial organization. As a case study, we demonstrate the utility of this tool in deconstructing the dynamics of intercellular communication between hepatocytes and supportive stromal cells in coculture. Our findings indicate that the maintenance of the hepatocellular phenotype by stroma requires direct contact for a limited time ( approximately hours) followed by a sustained soluble signal that has an effective range of <400 microm. This platform enables investigation of dynamic cell-cell interaction in a multitude of applications, spanning embryogenesis, homeostasis, and pathogenic processes.
Mutant gene in sorghum causing leaf “reddening” and increased protein concentration in the grain (1985)

In a diethylsulfate (DES) treated population of sorghum mutants, a family of plants with a heritable red-leaf characteristic was identified. Seed from this red-leaf mutant (#5279) contain a high protein concentration ranging from 20–28 percent. This red leaf mutant is inherited as a single recessive gene. Chemical analysis of kernels harvested from normal and red-leaf mutant plants segregating in an F2 generation of the cross [PP14 (MS3) × 5279] showed that the red-leaf mutation is responsible for the high protein concentration in the grain. Two possible explanations for the genetic mechanism involved in the increased concentration of protein in the grain from red leaf mutant, 5279, are: 1) the mutation resulted in an interruption of chloroplast protein synthesis in the leaves and the excess free amino acid pool was then transported into the grain resulting in higher than normal protein concentration; or 2) the mutation altered the normal partitioning of the available amino acid pool in favor of the grain protein over the leaf pigment proteins.
Active Visual Segmentation (2011)

Attention is an integral part of the human visual system and has been widely studied in the visual attention literature. The human eyes fixate at important locations in the scene, and every fixation point lies inside a particular region of arbitrary shape and size, which can either be an entire object or a part of it. Using that fixation point as an identification marker on the object, we propose a method to segment the object of interest by finding the "optimal" closed contour around the fixation point in the polar space, avoiding the perennial problem of scale in the Cartesian space. The proposed segmentation process is carried out in two separate steps: First, all visual cues are combined to generate the probabilistic boundary edge map of the scene; second, in this edge map, the "optimal" closed contour around a given fixation point is found. Having two separate steps also makes it possible to establish a simple feedback between the mid-level cue (regions) and the low-level visual cues (edges). In fact, we propose a segmentation refinement process based on such a feedback process. Finally, our experiments show the promise of the proposed method as an automatic segmentation framework for a general purpose visual system.
Insect Immunity: Isolation and Structure of Cecropin D and Four Minor Antibacterial Components from Cecropia Pupae (1982)

We have investigated low molecular weight antibacterial proteins from the Cecropia moth. Hyalophora cecropia. In addition to the previously described cecropins A and B, five new antibacterial proteins were discovered, the cecropins C, D, E and F, and the factor G. A scheme for the purification of these factors is presented. Cecropin D is a major cecropin, its amino acid sequence, WNPFKELEKVGQRVRDAVISAGPAVATVAQATALAK, shows homology to cecropin A and B. Like these cecropins, cecropin D has a block C-terminal. The previously tentative C-terminal sequence of cecropin A is also confirmed. It is concluded that the three major cecropins, A, B and D, are products of three different genes that are derived from a common ancestor. The cecropins C, E and F were present in very low amounts, and thus their primary structures could not be fully elucidated. Cecropin C has an amino acid sequence that up to residue 37 is identical to the sequence of A, though it lacks the C-terminal blocking group. It may be a precursor or degradation product of cecropin A. The minor cecropin E shows a similar relation to cecropin D. Cecropin F has a single amino acid replacement (17 Asp leads to Asn) compared to cecropin D, and is probably a product of an allele that is present at a low frequency in the population. The primary structure of the factor G could not be determined, however its amino acid composition is different from that of the cecropins. All the major cecropins were found to be efficient against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. No significant difference was found between them in their activity against Escherichia coli, though against some less susceptible bacteria the most basic cecropins were more effective, the activity falling in the series B greater than A much greater than D.
Cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pckA) gene (1997)

The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase-encoding gene from the anaerobic, CO2-fixing, succinate-producing bacterium Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene encoded a 532-residue polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 58.7 kDa. The sequence of the A. succiniciproducens PEP carboxykinase was similar to those of all known ATP/ADP-dependent PEP carboxykinases. In particular, the A. succiniciproducens enzyme was 67.3% identical and 79.2% similar to the E. coli enzyme. The A. succiniciproducens pckA transcription start site was determined, and putative promoter regions were identified. The recombinant enzyme was overexpressed in E. coli. The purified enzyme was indiscernible from the native enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had the same activity as the native enzyme.
Osteoblast Precursor Cells are Found in CD34 + Cells from Human Bone Marrow (1997)

It is known that osteoblast precursor cells are found in the low-density mononuclear (LDMN) fraction of human bone marrow (BM) aspirates. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CD34, a hematopoietic progenitor cell marker, is present on osteoblast progenitor cells. LDMN, CD34+, and CD34- cells were cultured under conditions that promote growth and differentiation of mineral-secreting osteoblasts in a limiting dilution manner. With LDMN cells, osteoblast progenitor cells were found at an average frequency of 1/36,000 cells. With CD34- cells, osteoblast progenitor frequency remained at an average of 1/33,000, similar to LDMN cells. With CD34+ selected cells, osteoblast progenitor frequency increased to an average of 1/5,000. This osteoblast progenitor frequency is maintained in sorted CD34+/CD38+ cells. The osteoblasts generated from CD34+ cells were morphologically normal, and expression of skeletal-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin increased upon differentiation induced by dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Ultrastructurally, these CD34+ cell-derived osteoblasts displayed osteoblast-specific features. Functionally, these CD34+ cell-derived osteoblasts differentiated with DEX treatment, increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in response to parathyroid hormone stimulation, increased the level of alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mineral secretion. These results demonstrate that osteoblast progenitor cells are enriched in the CD34+ cell population from BM and that these progenitor cells can differentiate into functional osteoblasts in culture.
Disclosure Quality in Governmental Financial Reports: An Assessment of the Appropriateness of a Compound Measure (1986)

Walter A. Robbins, Kenneth R. Austin, Disclosure Quality in Governmental Financial Reports: An Assessment of the Appropriateness of a Compound Measure, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Autumn, 1986), pp. 412-421
A high-speed variation-tolerant interconnect technique for sub threshold circuits using capacitive boosting (2006)

This paper describes an interconnect technique for sub-threshold circuits to improve global wire delay and reduce the delay variation due to PVT fluctuations. By internally boosting the gate voltage of the driver transistors, operating region is shifted from sub-threshold region to super-threshold region enhancing performance and improving tolerance to PVT variations. A clock distribution network using the proposed drivers shows an 89% reduction in 3σ clock skew value. A 0.4V test chip has been fabricated in a 0.18μm 6-metal CMOS process to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Measurement results show 2.6X faster switching speed and 2.4X less delay sensitivity under temperature variations.
Fluorine‐18 FDG imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma using positron coincidence detection and single photon emission computed tomography (2002)

We found poor sensitivity of FDG-PCD and FDG-SPECT for the detection of HCC. There were no clear relations between AFP or tumor size and FDG uptake. Therefore, we conclude that FDG imaging with PCD or SPECT has no value in the preoperative work-up for HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
Spirofluorenes. V. Synthesis of spirofluorenes containing o-phenylene group in their system. (1989)

種々の9-置換9-(2-プロモメチルフェニル)フルオレン誘導体〔1〕(9-置換基としてOH,CH20HCOOH,COCH8,COOcH8など)を合成し,ついでこれらに塩基を作用させたところ,好収率でO-フェニレン基を環内に含むスピロフルオレン誘導体が得られた。また,いくつかの9-[2-(ヒドロキシアをぜルキル)フェニル]-9-フルオレノール誘導体〔2〕(ヒドロキシアルキル基としてCH20H,CH,C(CH8)20H,CH2C(CHs)(C2H,)OH,CH2C(C2H,)20Hなど)を合成し,これらを酢酸中,酸触媒存在下加熱して分子内脱水し,同じくスピロフルオレン誘導体を得た。また,こめ際のスピロフルオレン誘導体の生成機構を考察した。
Is There a Correlation between New Scoring Systems and Systemic Inflammation in Stable Bronchiectasis? (2017)

In patients with stable bronchiectasis who are evaluated based on FACED and BSI scores, CRP can be a useful biomarker as a direct indicator of the severity of systemic inflammation.
High Entropy Alloys: Development and Applications (2015)

Traditional commercial alloys have been used for decades. The design of these alloys is based on selecting a main component otherwise known as a principal element depending on anticipated properties. The principal element would thus form the matrix. Commercially available alloy systems are either aluminium based, copper based, iron based or nickel based in the case of super alloys. However, this limits the number of alloys that can be made from these traditional alloy systems. New alloys have been developed at the turn of the new millennium referred to as High Entropy alloys. These alloys have been achieved through equiatomic substitution, by replacing individual components with multicomponent equiatomic or near-equiatomic mixtures of chemically similar species. Although vast information about the behaviour of binary systems is available, little knowledge is available about these multi-component systems. This paper reviews the development of high entropy alloys, their properties and characteristics and present and future applications.