gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron transport processes in conductor‐filled polymers (1983)

Abstract This article contends that three distinct physical processes control electron transport in conductor‐filled polymer systems. Percolation is required to explain the macroscopic conduction in the disordered medium. Quantum mechanical tunneling (possibly quantum fluctuation augmented) is needed to describe conduction between adjacent conductive particles at the microscopic level. And, thermal expansion is invoked to deduce constituent volume densities and microscopic tunnel lengths. Each of these mechanisms is given a mathematical form. The ansatz is used to predict resistivity vs. temperature and resistivity vs. conductor‐filling fraction functions. Successes and deficiencies of the theory are discussed with respect to experimental data and theoretical considerations.
Invited Review: Heat shock proteins: modifying factors in physiological stress responses and acquired thermotolerance (2002)

Cells from virtually all organisms respond to a variety of stresses by the rapid synthesis of a highly conserved set of polypeptides termed heat shock proteins (HSPs). The precise functions of HSPs are unknown, but there is considerable evidence that these stress proteins are essential for survival at both normal and elevated temperatures. HSPs also appear to play a critical role in the development of thermotolerance and protection from cellular damage associated with stresses such as ischemia, cytokines, and energy depletion. These observations suggest that HSPs play an important role in both normal cellular homeostasis and the stress response. This mini-review examines recent evidence and hypotheses suggesting that the HSPs may be important modifying factors in cellular responses to a variety of physiologically relevant conditions such as hyperthermia, exercise, oxidative stress, metabolic challenge, and aging.
Identification and Characterization of a Prostaglandin Transporter (1995)

Carrier-mediated prostaglandin transport has been postulated to occur in many tissues. On the basis of sequence homology, the protein of unknown function encoded by the rat matrin F/G complementary DNA was predicted to be an organic anion transporter. Expression of the matrin F/G complementary DNA in HeLa cells or Xenopus oocytes conferred the property of specific transport of prostaglandins. The tissue distribution of matrin F/G messenger RNA and the sensitivity of matrin F/G-induced prostaglandin transport to inhibitors were similar to those of endogenous prostaglandin transport. The protein encoded by the matrin F/G complementary DNA is thus preferably called PGT because it is likely to function as a prostaglandin transporter.
Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by sCD4-17b, a Single-Chain Chimeric Protein, Based on Sequential Interaction of gp120 with CD4 and Coreceptor (2003)

We designed a novel single-chain chimeric protein, designated sCD4-17b, for neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The recombinant protein contains domains 1 and 2 of soluble CD4 (sCD4), connected via a flexible polypeptide linker to a single-chain variable region construct of 17b, a human monoclonal antibody that targets a conserved CD4-induced epitope on gp120 overlapping the coreceptor binding region. We hypothesized that the sCD4 moiety would bind gp120 and expose the 17b epitope; the 17b moiety would then bind, thereby blocking coreceptor interaction and neutralizing infection. The sCD4-17b protein, expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus, potently neutralized a prototypic R5 clade B primary isolate, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 3.2 nM (0.16 microg/ml) and >95% neutralization at 32 nM (1.6 microg/ml). The individual components (sCD4 and 17b, singly or in combination) had minimal effects at these concentrations, demonstrating that the activity of sCD4-17b reflected the ability of a single chimeric molecule to bind gp120 simultaneously via two independent moieties. sCD4-17b was highly potent compared to the previously characterized broadly cross-reactive neutralizing monoclonal antibodies IgGb12, 2G12, and 2F5. Multiple primary isolates were neutralized, including two previously described as antibody resistant. Neutralization occurred for both R5 and X4 strains and was not restricted to clade B. However, several primary isolates were insensitive over the concentration range tested, despite the known presence of binding sites for both CD4 and 17b. sCD4-17b has potential utility for passive immunization against HIV-1 in several contexts, including maternal transmission, postexposure prophylaxis, and sexual transmission (topical microbicide).
Partial Oxidation of Methane Using the Redox of Cerium Oxide (1993)

Abstract Direct conversion of methane into synthesis gas of H2/CO ratio of 2 has been demonstrated using CeO2 as an oxidant at 873–1073 K. The reaction was accelerated in the presence of Pt black (1 wt%). The reduced cerium oxide after the oxidation of methane can be used to convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide.
Interval Valued Solution of Multiobjective Problem with Interval Cost, Source and Destination Parameters (2009)

Das et al. [EJOR 117(1999) 100-112] discussed the real valued solution procedure of the multiobjective transportation problem(MOTP) where the cost coefficients of the objective functions, and the source and destination parameters have been expressed as interval values by the decision maker. In this note, we consider the interval valued solution procedure of the same problem. This problem has been transformed into a classical multiobjective transportation problem where the constraints with interval source and destination parameters have been converted into deterministic ones. Numerical examples have been provided to illustrate the solution procedure for this case.
Fluorouracil plus racemic leucovorin versus fluorouracil combined with the pure l-isomer of leucovorin for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. (1997)

The combination of FU/l-LV produced response rates, response durations, and survival times similar to those with FU/d,l-LV. Biochemical modulation of FU by either pure l-LV or racemic LV thus appears to result in equivalent clinical efficacy.
Induction of "tissue" transglutaminase in HIV pathogenesis: evidence for high rate of apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes and accessory cells in lymphoid tissues. (1996)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphoid tissues from HIV-infected individuals display high levels of "tissue" transglutaminase (tTG) with respect to seronegative persons. In asymptomatic individuals, > 80% of the circulating CD4+ T cells synthesize tTG protein and the number of these cells matches the level of apoptosis detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patients. In HIV-infected lymph nodes tTG protein is localized in large number of cells (macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and endothelial cells), showing distinctive morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis as well as in lymphocytes and syncytia. These findings demonstrate that during the course of HIV infection, high levels of apoptosis also occur in the accessory cells of lymphoid organs. The increased concentration of epsilon(gamma-glutamyl)lysine isodipeptide, the degradation product of tTG cross-linked proteins, observed in the blood of HIV-infected individuals demonstrates that the enzyme accumulated in the dying cells actively cross-links intracellular proteins. The enhanced levels of epsilon(gamma-glutamyl)lysine in the blood parallels the progression of HIV disease, suggesting that the isodipeptide determination might be a useful method to monitor the in vivo rate of apoptosis.
Orthotopic implantation of primary N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced bladder cancer in bladder submucosa: an animal model for bladder cancer study. (1983)

Primary bladder tumors induced in Fischer 344 inbred rats by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide were transplanted in syngeneic rats by the intravesical, s.c., i.v., and orthotopic routes. Attempts were made to establish bladder cancer cell lines in vitro. No success was achieved in transplantation by either the s.c., i.v., or intravesical routes when primary tumor cells were transplanted as cell suspensions. Cell suspensions of primary tumors also failed to grow in culture. However, orthotopic implantation into the bladder submucosa gave 45% success. Tumor fragments obtained from either the primary tumor or its lung metastases resulted in 10.6 and 36% tumor takes, respectively, when implanted s.c. However, after one orthotopic passage in the bladder submucosa, the tumor cells injected as cell suspension grew s.c. in 14% and orthotopically in 79% of the animals. Tumor fragments obtained from orthotopic tumors and implanted s.c. resulted in 15% tumor takes. After the second orthotopic passage, tumor cells could be grown in cultures and orthotopically in 100% of animals. The technique of orthotopic implantation as well as the usefulness of this tumor model for bladder cancer studies are described.
Design and applications of highly luminescent metal complexes (1990)

Highly luminescent metal complexes can be designed around Ru(II), Os(II), Ir(III), and Re(I) with {alpha}diimine ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2{prime}-bipyridine. Complexes can absorb intensely and have luminescence quantum yields in excess of 0.5 and lifetimes of 5-100 {mu}s in room temperature fluid solutions. These properties make them ideal for luminescence sensors and molecular probes for use in fiber optic based sensors. The chemical and spectroscopic characteristics that yield stable, highly luminescent long lived complexes are largely understood. This allows the rational design of new molecules with specially tailored luminescence or binding properties. We describe the primary considerations that go into designing new systems. We also describe applications to luminescence oxygen sensors and probes of macromolecular binding with micelles and cyclodextrins.
ZFN-Mediated In Vivo Genome Editing Corrects Murine Hurler Syndrome (2018)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a severe disease due to deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and the subsequent accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG), leading to progressive, systemic disease and a shortened lifespan. Current treatment options consist of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which carries significant mortality and morbidity risk, and enzyme replacement therapy, which requires lifelong infusions of replacement enzyme; neither provides adequate therapy, even in combination. A novel in vivo genome-editing approach is described in the murine model of Hurler syndrome. A corrective copy of the IDUA gene is inserted at the albumin locus in hepatocytes, leading to sustained enzyme expression, secretion from the liver into circulation, and subsequent uptake systemically at levels sufficient for correction of metabolic disease (GAG substrate accumulation) and prevention of neurobehavioral deficits in MPS I mice. This study serves as a proof-of-concept for this platform-based approach that should be broadly applicable to the treatment of a wide array of monogenic diseases.
Polyphenolic Compounds: Interactions with the Gut and Implications for Human Health (2001)

Polyphenolic compounds are abundant throughout the plant kingdom and are found in a wide variety of human foods. The flavonoids, which are the best defined group of polyphenols in the human diet, themselves comprise a large and complex group, all of which contain a three-ring structure with two aromatic centres and a central oxygenated heterocycle. Recent evidence suggests that significant quantities of quercetin and possibly myricetin and kaempferol are absorbed in the gut. A larger fraction probably remains in the lumen, and thus a substantial proportion of the gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to biologically significant concentrations of these compounds. A substantial body of experimental work has established that flavonoids can suppress carcinogenesis in animal models and there is considerable interest in the biological effects of these compounds at the cellular level. Flavonoids interact with cellular signal pathways controlling the cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis. Their potentially antineoplastic effects include antioxidant activity, induction of Phase II enzyme activity, inhibition of protein kinases and interactions with Type II estrogen binding sites. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds may play a role in the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancers in general, and they appear to have considerable potential for pharmaceutical uses as chemopreventive agents against neoplastic changes in the alimentary tract. Future research should therefore focus on the biological effects of flavonoids in the human body, using biomarkers to define their effects at each stage in the onset of neoplasia.
Recent developments in flexible wearable electronics for monitoring applications (2007)

With the technology miniaturization and wireless revolution, electronics have found new applications in the form of flexible wearables for monitoring purposes. Ongoing research on wearable electronic systems has resulted in a number of prototype garments that can monitor and relay various types of data. As a review of the latest development in this area, this paper outlines and discusses the various components required for such a system, including sensors, actuators, circuitry and power management.
Carboranes:  A New Class of Weakly Coordinating Anions for Strong Electrophiles, Oxidants, and Superacids (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboranes: A New Class of Weakly Coordinating Anions for Strong Electrophiles, Oxidants, and SuperacidsChristopher A. ReedView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0744 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 3, 133–139Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Received4 August 1997Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970230rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970230rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5627Altmetric-Citations570LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Salts Get e-Alerts
Regional Delivery of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cells for Cancer Therapy (2017)

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells are T-cells with recombinant receptors targeted to tumor antigens. CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a mode of immunotherapy and is now being extensively explored in hematologic cancer. In contrast, CAR-T cell use in solid tumors has been hampered by multiple obstacles. Several approaches have been taken to circumvent these obstacles, including the regional delivery of CAR-T cells. Regional CAR-T cell delivery can theoretically compensate for poor T-cell trafficking and tumor antigen specificity while avoiding systemic toxicity associated with intravenous delivery. We reviewed completed clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma and metastatic colorectal cancer and examined the data in these studies for safety, efficacy, and potential advantages that regional delivery may confer over systemic delivery. Our appraisal of the available literature revealed that regional delivery of CAR-T cells in both glioblastoma and hepatic colorectal metastases was generally well tolerated and efficacious in select instances. We propose that the regional delivery of CAR-T cells is an area of potential growth in the solid tumor immunotherapy, and look towards future clinical trials in head and neck cancer, mesothelioma, and peritoneal carcinomatosis as the use of this technique expands.
Guide to ground (2012)

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Detection of Ventricular Fibrillation By Microcomputer (1981)

The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype microprocessor program for detection of ventricular fibrillation. The program was designed for future adaptation to a portable microcomputer device. Ventricular fibrillation in 20 experimental animals and continuous surface ECG recordings from 16 patients were analyzed by an algorithm based on detection of R-wave magnitudes and R-R intervals. The algorithm was implemented by an 8080 based microcomputer with 4K memory. Ventricular fibrillation was accurately detected and premature ventricular contractions analyzed with a correlation coefficient of 0.96 between visual count and microcomputer determination. This study shows that microcomputer technology can be utilized to detect and analyze ventricular fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias.
A soluble recombinant polypeptide comprising the amino-terminal half of the extracellular region of the CD4 molecule contains an active binding site for human immunodeficiency virus. (1988)

Infection of helper T lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus is initiated by a specific interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein with CD4, an integral membrane glycoprotein of the target cell. We have adapted a vaccinia virus-based mammalian cell expression system to produce variants of the CD4 molecule for structure-function studies. In this report we demonstrate that a truncated 180-amino acid fragment representing approximately the N-terminal half of the extracellular region of CD4 is found primarily in soluble form in the extracellular medium. Epitope analysis with a panel of anti-CD4 murine monoclonal antibodies indicates that the fragment reacts with those antibodies known to block the interaction between CD4 and the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein but reacts poorly or not at all with those antibodies that do not block this interaction. We also show that the fragment forms a specific complex with a soluble form of gp120, the CD4-binding subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein. These results indicate that this soluble CD4 fragment contains an active binding site for human immunodeficiency virus.
Alcohol Problems of Employee Assistance Program Populations (1995)

ABSTRACT Alcohol problems of Employee Assistance Program (EAP) participants who are self-referred are more likely to be female, and less likely to have measurable alcohol problems than are employer-referred participants. Using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), a population of 206 clients of an EAP were screened for self-reported drinking patterns. The MAST was determined to be an excellent adjunct to the EAP and especially useful with employer-referred clients, who were more likely to have alcohol problems. The mean score on the MAST for self-referred clients was 4.47±7.86 (“borderline”) as opposed to employer-re-ferred clients whose mean score was 10.36± 12.32 (“likely alcoholism”).
Identification of 1-(3-(6,7-Dimethoxyquinazolin-4-yloxy)phenyl)-3-(5-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)isoxazol-3-yl)urea Hydrochloride (CEP-32496), a Highly Potent and Orally Efficacious Inhibitor of V-RAF Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue B1 (BRAF) V600E (2011)

The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Expression of mutant BRAF(V600E) results in constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway, which can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth. Herein, we describe an SAR optimization campaign around a series of quinazoline derived BRAF(V600E) inhibitors. In particular, the bioisosteric replacement of a metabolically sensitive tert-butyl group with fluorinated alkyl moieties is described. This effort led directly to the identification of a clinical candidate, compound 40 (CEP-32496). Compound 40 exhibits high potency against several BRAF(V600E)-dependent cell lines and selective cytotoxicity for tumor cell lines expressing mutant BRAF(V600E) versus those containing wild-type BRAF. Compound 40 also exhibits an excellent PK profile across multiple preclinical species. In addition, significant oral efficacy was observed in a 14-day BRAF(V600E)-dependent human Colo-205 tumor xenograft mouse model, upon dosing at 30 and 100 mg/kg BID.
Gain lever characterization in monolithically integrated diode lasers (2005)

Gain Lever, an effect for enhancing amplitude modulation (AM) efficiency in multisection laser diodes1, has been characterized in InGaAs DQW edge emitting lasers that are integrated with passive waveguides. Specifically designed structures which give a range of split ratios from 1:1 to 9:1 have been fabricated and measured to fully characterize the parameter space for operation in the gain lever mode. Additionally the experimental results are compared to a hybrid 3-D simulation involving effective index method (EIM) reduction to 2-D. Gains greater than 6 dB in the AM efficiency can be achieved within the appropriate operating range, but this gain drops rapidly as the parameter range is exceeded. High speed RF modulation with significant gain is, in principle, possible if proper biasing and modulation conditions are used. This phenomenon can also be useful for high-speed digital information transmission.
Competition and cooperation: Signal transduction by CD28 and CTLA‐4 (2006)

Abstract The closely related members of the Ig‐family of co‐stimulators CD28 and CTLA‐4 (CD152) show distinct functions regarding T cell activation but have also many features in common during T cell differentiation. Although CD28 and CTLA‐4 share some of their intracellular binding partners, CD28 is the main activating co‐stimulator of T cells while the role of CTLA‐4 is to mainly down regulate T cell responses. Despite the well known function of CTLA‐4 as a negative regulator of T cell function, new data suggest that CTLA‐4 is also able to transmit positive signals for increased survival and might be involved in the generation of the memory compartment. The knowledge of how both molecules transmit their respective signals and how these signals are integrated during a T cell response is of importance for the understanding of T cell mediated immune responses and future therapeutic interventions in immune pathologies.