gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of 3‐hydroxykynurenine. A reexamination (1988)

Abstract The oxidation mixture of 3‐hydroxykynurenine ( 1 ), treated with aqueous acetic anhydride and, subsequently, with acidic methanol, yields the 1‐hydroxy‐3‐carbomethoxy‐5‐methoxy‐11‐(β‐aspartoyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐methyl ester)pyrido[3,2‐ a ]phenoxazine ( 5 ), the 1‐hydroxy‐11‐(β‐aspartoyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐methyl ester)‐5. H ‐pyrido[3,2‐ a ]‐phenoxazin‐5‐one ( 6 ), the 1‐methoxy‐11‐(β‐aspartoyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐methyl ester)‐5 H ‐pyrido[3,2‐ a ]phenoxazin‐5‐one ( 6a ), the l,5‐dimethoxy‐11‐(β‐aspartoyl‐ N ‐acetyl‐methyl ester)pyrido[3,2‐ a ]phenoxazine ( 7 ) and the 1‐methyl‐1(1′‐[11‐(β‐aspartoyl‐methyl esterimino)]ethenyl)ketal‐1 H ,5 H ‐pyrido[3,2‐ a ]phenoxazin‐5‐one ( 8 ). A probable scheme, for the compound formation, is reported.
Enhancement of human granulopoiesis in vitro by biosynthetic insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C and human growth hormone. (1988)

The effect of biosynthetic recombinant insulin-like growth factor I/somatomedin C (IGF-I/Sm-C) and human growth hormone (hGH) on the in vitro growth and maturation of human marrow myeloid progenitors was investigated. Myeloid colony formation was maximally enhanced by 60 ng/ml IGF-I/Sm-C and by 250 ng/ml hGH, resulting in an increase in colony numbers of 41 +/- 7 and 38 +/- 4%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Both peptides induced a 1.5-2.5-fold increase in the frequency of colonies composed of granulocytes alone, but did not alter the numbers of monocyte/macrophage or mixed granulocyte/macrophage colonies. IGF-I/Sm-C and hGH were also found to enhance myeloid maturation towards mature granulocytes in suspension cultures of human marrow cells. The effect of both peptides on human marrow granulopoiesis was similarly demonstrable in serum-free cultures stimulated with human recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Enhancement of human marrow granulopoiesis in vitro by hGH required the presence of marrow adherent cells and was abrogated by specific monoclonal antibodies directed against IGF-I/Sm-C receptors. The effect of hGH on marrow myeloid progenitors thus appears to be mediated by paracrine IGF-I/Sm-C.
Learning string transformations from examples (2009)

"Robert" and "Bob" refer to the same first name but are textually far apart. Traditional string similarity functions do not allow a flexible way to account for such synonyms, abbreviations and aliases. Recently, string transformations have been proposed as a mechanism to make matching robust to such variations. However, in many domains, identifying an appropriate set of transformations is challenging as the space of possible transformations is large. In this paper, we investigate the problem of leveraging examples of matching strings to learn string transformations. We formulate an optimization problem where we are required to learn a concise set of transformations that explain most of the differences. We propose a greedy approximation algorithm for this NP-hard problem. Our experiments over real-life data illustrate the benefits of our approach.
Internalization and Activation of the Rat Liver Insulin Receptor Kinase in vivo (1989)

The preparation of clearly delineated plasmalemma (PM) and endosomal subcellular fractions from rat liver has allowed us to compare insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity at the cell surface and in hepatic endosomes (ENs) as a function of dose and time after injected insulin. Tyrosine kinase activity in PM and ENs was measured, after solubilization and partial purification by wheat germ agglutinin chromatography (lectin-purified), using poly(Glu:Tyr) as substrate. Following the injection of a subsaturating dose of insulin (1.5 micrograms/100 g body weight), lectin-purified receptor showed peak activation at 30 s in PM and at 2 min in ENs. As observed previously (Khan, M. N., Savoie, S., Bergeron, J. J. M., and Posner, B. I. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 8462-8472) autophosphorylation activity was also augmented following insulin injection. In a pattern virtually identical to that of exogenous kinase activity, autophosphorylation attained peak activity at 30 s in PM and at 2 min in ENs. The time course of IR autophosphorylation in intact membranes was very similar to that observed for lectin purified receptors and was seen with an injected insulin dose as low as 150 ng/100 g body weight. Phosphatase treatment of the solubilized endosomal receptor abolished its enhanced activity. Hence, insulin treatment led to in vivo receptor phosphorylation which was reflected in the enhancement of both tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation activities. Significant differences in the phosphorylation activities of PM and ENs were observed. Phosphoamino acid analyses revealed that the activated IR of intact PM was autophosphorylated in vitro, at both serine (55%) and tyrosine (45%) residues; whereas the activated IR of intact ENs was phosphorylated in vitro exclusively on tyrosine autophosphorylation specific activity for the activated IR of ENs was 3- to 4-fold that of the IR of PM. This was observed for the lectin purified IRs as well as for IRs of intact cell fractions. The reduced level of IR autophosphorylation in PM was not due to occlusion of tyrosine acceptor sites by prior in vivo phosphorylation. The rapidity with which activated IR accumulates in ENs as well as the sensitivity of endosomal IR kinase to activation by injected insulin are consistent with the endosomal apparatus serving a physiologically significant site for the regulation of transmembrane signaling.
Therapeutic Comparison of Metformin and Sulfonylurea, Alone and in Various Combinations: A double-blind controlled study (1994)

Dose-effect titrated treatment with either metformin or glyburide promotes equal degrees of glycemic control. The former, but not the latter, is able to achieve this control without increasing body weight or hyperinsulinemia. Near-normal glycemia can be obtained by a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea, even in advanced NIDDM.
Dendritic Ir(iii) complexes functionalized with triphenylsilylphenyl groups: Synthesis, DFT calculation and comprehensive structure-property correlation (2009)

We report on the synthesis, DFT calculations and structure-property relationships of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes with varied number and position of triphenylsilylphenyl substituents. The attachment of the dendritic triphenylsilylphenyl group at the pyridine part of the phenylpyridine ligand induced a stronger metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition and lower band-gap energy than did the unfunctionalized complex, Ir(ppy)3. On the other hand, the attachment of the triphenylsilylphenyl group at the phenyl part of the phenylpyridine ligand induced a stronger ligand-centered (LC) transition. It was specifically found that the excited state intermolecular interactions, which give rise to non-radiative decay, were more efficiently suppressed when the triphenylsilylphenyl group was attached at the pyridine part of the phenylpyridine ligand and also when the number of substituents was increased. Such site-isolation effects and improved solubility due to the triphenylsilylphenyl group encapsulation made it possible to fabricate wet-processed polymer light-emitting devices from these functionalized Ir(III) complexes. Both the doped poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) films and the neat films of our triphenylsilylphenyl based dendritic Ir(III) complexes afforded moderate to high electrophosphorescence efficiencies with excellent phase homogeneity (4.1%/1.7% for Ir(TPSppy)3, 5.9%/2.5% for Ir(ppyTPS)3 and 1.8%/1.8% for Ir(TPSppyTPS)3 (doped polymer film/neat film, respectively)). Moreover, it is noteworthy that the triphenylsilylphenyl substituents greatly enhanced the thermal stability of the dendritic Ir(III) complexes.
Role of Calf-Adapted Escherichia coli in Maintenance of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Dairy Calves (2004)

The prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria is typically highest in younger animals, and prevalence is not necessarily related to recent use of antimicrobial drugs. In dairy cattle, we hypothesize that antimicrobial drug-resistant, neonate-adapted bacteria are responsible for the observed high frequencies of resistant Escherichia coli in calves. To explore this issue, we examined the age distribution of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli from Holstein cattle at a local dairy and conducted an experiment to determine if low doses of oxytetracycline affected the prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant E. coli. Isolates resistant to tetracycline (>4 microg/ml) were more prevalent in <3-month-old calves (79%) compared with lactating cows (14%). In an experimental trial where calves received diets supplemented with or without oxytetracycline, the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli was slightly higher for the latter group (P = 0.039), indicating that drug use was not required to maintain a high prevalence of resistant E. coli. The most common resistance pattern among calf E. coli isolates included resistance to streptomycin (>12 microg/ml), sulfadiazine (>512 microg/ml), and tetracycline (>4 microg/ml) (SSuT), and this resistance pattern was most prevalent during the period when calves were on milk diets. To determine if prevalence was a function of differential fitness, we orally inoculated animals with nalidixic acid-resistant strains of SSuT E. coli and susceptible E. coli. Shedding of SSuT E. coli was significantly greater than that of susceptible strains in neonatal calves (P < 0.001), whereas there was no difference in older animals (P = 0.5). These data support the hypothesis that active selection for traits linked to the SSuT phenotype are responsible for maintaining drug-resistant E. coli in this population of dairy calves.
Reduction of hepatic steatosis in rats and mice after treatment with a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor agonist # (2008)

MB07811 represents a novel class of liver-targeted TR agonists with beneficial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering properties that may provide additional therapeutic benefit to hyperlipidemic patients with concomitant NAFLD.
Structurally Defined Graphene Nanoribbons with High Lateral Extension (2012)

Oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of laterally extended polyphenylene precursor allowed bottom-up synthesis of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with unprecedented width. The efficiency of the cyclodehydrogenation was validated by means of MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR, Raman, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopies as well as investigation of a representative model system. The produced GNRs demonstrated broad absorption extended to near-infrared region with the optical band gap of as low as 1.12 eV.
3G Evolution, Second Edition: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband (2008)

Reflecting the recent completion of LTEs specification, the new edition of this bestseller has been fully updated to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. The latest LTE standards are included on the radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, MBMS, together with three brand new chapters on LTE Transmission Procedures, Flexible Bandwidth in LTE and LTE evolution into IMT-Advanced. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, advanced radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained. Both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations of HSPA and LTE implementation are given. An overview of other related systems such as TD SCDMA, CDMA2000, and WiMAX is also provided.The new edition has up-to-date coverage of the recently published LTE Release 8 radio-access standard, giving the reader insight into the ongoing and future process of LTE and LTE-Advanced standardisation. Coverage on LTE in this edition includes (an extra 160 pages): Easy-to-access overview of the LTE protocol layers Complete description of LTE physical layer including reference signals, control signalling, multi-antenna transmission schemes Covers both FDD and TDD, their fundamental difference and their impact on the LTE design Detailed description of access procedures including cell search, random access, broadcast of system information Transmission procedures, including retransmission protocols, scheduling, uplink power control Evolution towards IMT-Advanced (4G) This book is a must-have resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition.The authors of the book all work at Ericsson Research and are deeply involved in 3G development and standardisation since the early days of 3G research. They are leading experts in the field and are today still actively contributing to the standardisation of both HSPA and LTE within 3GPP.* Includes details of the standards and technologies (160 new pages): LTE radio interface architecture, LTE physical layer and LTE access procedures* Contains three brand new chapters on LTE: Transmission Procedures, Flexible Bandwidth and LTE Evolution and expanded details on the physical layer (total LTE content is 270 pages)* Examines the latest developments in the evolution of LTE into IMT-Advanced, the next stage of 3G Evolution* Gives clear explanations of the role of OFDM and MIMO technologies in HSPA and LTE* Outlines the System Architecture Evolution (SAE) supporting LTE and HSPA evolution
An evaluation of strategies for selective utterance verification for spoken natural language dialog (1997)

As with human-human interaction, spoken human-computer dialog will contain situations where there is miscommunication. In experimental trials consisting of eight different users, 141 problem-solving dialogs, and 2840 user utterances, the Circuit Fix-It Shop natural language dialog system misinterpreted 18.5% of user utterances. These miscommunications created various problems for the dialog interaction, ranging from repetitive dialog to experimenter intervention to occasional failure of the dialog. One natural strategy for reducing the impact of miscommunication is selective verification of the user's utterances. This paper reports on both context-independent and context-dependent strategies for utterance verification that show that the use of dialog context is crucial for intelligent selection of which utterances to verify.
A Subthreshold Voltage Reference With Scalable Output Voltage for Low-Power IoT Systems (2017)

This paper presents a subthreshold voltage reference in which the output voltage is scalable depending on the number of stacked PMOS transistors. A key advantage is that its output voltage can be higher than that obtained with conventional low-power subthreshold voltage references. The proposed reference uses native NMOS transistors as a current source and develops a reference voltage by stacking one or more PMOS transistors. The temperature coefficient of the reference voltage is compensated by setting the size ratio of the native NMOS and stacked pMOS transistors to cancel temperature dependence of transistor threshold voltage and thermal voltage. Also, the transistor size is determined considering the trade-off between diode current between n-well and p-sub and process variation. Prototype chips are fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. Measurement results from three wafers show 3σ inaccuracy of ±1.0% from 0 °C to 100 °C after a single room-temperature trim. The proposed voltage reference achieves a line sensitivity of 0.31%/V and a power supply rejection of -41 dB while consuming 35 pW from 1.4 V at room temperature.
Prevascularization of cardiac patch on the omentum improves its therapeutic outcome (2009)

The recent progress made in the bioengineering of cardiac patches offers a new therapeutic modality for regenerating the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). We present here a strategy for the engineering of a cardiac patch with mature vasculature by heterotopic transplantation onto the omentum. The patch was constructed by seeding neonatal cardiac cells with a mixture of prosurvival and angiogenic factors into an alginate scaffold capable of factor binding and sustained release. After 48 h in culture, the patch was vascularized for 7 days on the omentum, then explanted and transplanted onto infarcted rat hearts, 7 days after MI induction. When evaluated 28 days later, the vascularized cardiac patch showed structural and electrical integration into host myocardium. Moreover, the vascularized patch induced thicker scars, prevented further dilatation of the chamber and ventricular dysfunction. Thus, our study provides evidence that grafting prevascularized cardiac patch into infarct can improve cardiac function after MI.
Pictorial essay: The many faces of craniosynostosis (2011)

Craniosynostosis is a common condition in the pediatric age group, which may either be isolated or may present as part of a craniofacial syndrome. This pictorial review illustrates the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of craniosynostosis, the various types of craniosynostoses, common craniofacial syndromes and the role of imaging in their diagnosis and management.
Genetic Algorithms for Selection and Partitioning of Attributes in Large-Scale Data Mining Problems (1999)

This paper proposes and surveys genetic implementations of algorithms for selection and partitioning of attributes in large-scale concept learning problems. Algorithms of this type apply relevance determination criteria to attributes from those specified for the original data set. The selected attributes are used to define new data clusters that are used as intermediate training targets. The purpose of this change of representation step is to improve the accuracy of supervised learning using the reformulated data. Domain knowledge about these operators has been shown to reduce the number of fitness evaluations for candidate attributes. This paper examines the genetic encoding of attribute selection and partitioning specifications, and the encoding of domain knowledge about operators in a fitness function. The purpose of this approach is to improve upon existing search-based algorithms (or wrappers) in terms of training sample efficiency. Several GA implementations of alternative (search-based and knowledge-based) attribute synthesis algorithms are surveyed, and their application to large-scale concept learning problems is addressed.
Three dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic oxidation modeling (2005)

As device dimensions decrease, modeling of device isolation processes will have to be performed in three dimensions. The progression of the numerics from two dimensions to three dimensions has been eased because FLOOPS is an object oriented simulator. This paper discusses the implementation of the models for nonlinear stress dependent viscoelastic oxidation modeling. A two-step model is used for the growth of oxidation.
Mechanism for the anomalous degradation of Si solar cells induced by high fluence 1 MeV electron irradiation (1996)

An anomalous increase in the short-circuit current Isc of n-on-p Si space solar cells, followed by an abrupt decrease in Isc and cell failure has been observed under high fluence (≳1016 cm −2) 1 MeV electron irradiation. A model to explain these phenomena by expressing the change in carrier concentration p, of the base region as a function of the electron fluence is proposed in addition to the well-known model where Isc decreases by minority-carrier lifetime reduction under irradiation. The reduction in p due to majority-carrier trapping by radiation-induced defects has two effects: broadening of the depletion layer which increases the generated photocurrent, and also an increase in the resistivity of the base layer, resulting in the abrupt decrease of Isc and failure of the solar cells.
The analgesic tramadol has minimal effect on gastrointestinal motor function (1997)

Tramadol has a minor delaying effect on colonic transit, but no effect on upper gastrointestinal transit or gut smooth muscle tone. Tramadol may be a useful analgesic where interference with gut motor function is undesirable.
LRRK2 mutations in Parkinson disease (2005)

To determine the frequency of LRRK2 mutations in idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD), the authors studied 786 PD probands, 32 affected siblings, 1,044 unaffected siblings, and 278 unrelated controls. The authors designed allelic discrimination assays for nine LRRK2 mutations and identified these in six probands with PD, one affected sibling, one unaffected sibling, and one unrelated control. Thus LRRK2 mutations only rarely cause idiopathic PD.
Flexible Inorganic Nanostructure Light‐Emitting Diodes Fabricated on Graphene Films (2011)

Flexible inorganic nanostructure light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are fabricated using high-quality GaN/ZnO coaxial nanorod heterostructures grown directly on large graphene films. The nanostructure LEDs fabricated on graphene films are readily transferred onto flexible plastic substrates, which operated reliably in a flexible form without significant degradation of the LED performance.
Pyrimidines. X. (Antibiotics. II) Synthesis of Bacimethrin, 2-Methoxy Analog of Thiamine, and Related Alkoxypyrimidines1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. X. (Antibiotics. II) Synthesis of Bacimethrin, 2-Methoxy Analog of Thiamine, and Related Alkoxypyrimidines1Henry C. Koppel, Robert H. Springer, Roland K. Robins, and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 10, 3614–3617Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01057a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01057a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts