gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>CCD photonic system for rail width measurement</title> (1999)

At present, in Moscow metro a track inspection vehicle, defectoscope and portable measurement instruments are used to measure the rail profile and the condition of track. The track inspection vehicle measures 8 parameters, such as rail height, width, lip flow, cant, gauge and rail identification. The main drawback of the existing track control devices is a contact mode of measurement that does not provide required accuracy during the movement of the track inspection vehicle. This drawback can be eliminated using the non-contact photonic system (NPS). NPS consists of four special digital CCD-cameras and four lasers (two cameras and two lasers on each rail), rigidly connected together and mounted underneath the rail inspection vehicle in such a manner that corners of vision and distances from the cameras up to the head of the rail remain fixed during the movement. A special processor is included at the output of each camera. It performs preliminary processing of the stripe image on the appropriate side of a rail and then codes (compresses) and transfers data to central computer. The central computer executes the rail profile restoration and its comparison with the pattern of the rail on the particular section of the track.
A Comparison of Endoscopic Suspension of the Vesical Neck With Suprapubic Vesicourethropexy for Treatment of stress Urinary Incontinence (1987)

To compare the efficacy of the Stamey endoscopic vesical neck suspension with the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethropexy in the correction of stress urinary incontinence, we studied retrospectively 127 consecutive patients who underwent either procedure during a defined interval at our institution. Of 95 women for whom adequate data were available 41 (group 1) underwent the Stamey and 54 (group 2) underwent the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedures. Characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. A cure was obtained 21 to 118 months postoperatively in 61 per cent of the patients in group 1 and in 57 per cent in group 2. Cured and improved rates for the 2 groups were 78 and 80 per cent, respectively. Cure rates decreased with time in both groups. Complications occurred in 37.5 per cent of the patients in group 1 and in 18.5 per cent in group 2. Risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of primary or recurrent stress urinary incontinence did not predispose to failure in either group. Adequate interpretation of our lower cure rates vis-à-vis those reported previously is hampered by the variability between series in the definition of cure and length of postoperative followup.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Antigen distribution in primary and metastatic tumors (1982)

Immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on primary tumors and regional lymph nodes from 100 patients undergoing radical hysterectomies and pelvic lymphadenectomies for invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Antigen staining was present in 82% of keratinizing squamous carcinomas as compared with 50% in nonkeratinizing tumors. Seventeen patients with CEA-producing cervical cancer had regional lymph nodes metastases, all of which stained positively for CEA. Conversely, antigen could not be detected in lymph nodal metastases from primary tumors devoid of CEA. The pattern and intensity of CEA staining in primary tumors and their metastases were similar in all cases. Antigen was present in highest concentrations in the cytoplasm and tumor cell membrane of all tissues examined and isolated nuclear staining was absent. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Differential expression of Bordetella pertussis iron transport system genes during infection (2008)

Temporal expression patterns of the Bordetella pertussis alcaligin, enterobactin and haem iron acquisition systems were examined using alcA-, bfeA- and bhuR-tnpR recombinase fusion strains in a mouse respiratory infection model. The iron systems were differentially expressed in vivo, showing early induction of the alcaligin and enterobactin siderophore systems, and delayed induction of the haem system in a manner consistent with predicted changes in host iron source availability during infection. Previous mixed infection competition studies established the importance of alcaligin and haem utilization for B. pertussis in vivo growth and survival. In this study, the contribution of the enterobactin system to the fitness of B. pertussis was confirmed using wild-type and enterobactin receptor mutant strains in similar competition infection experiments. As a correlate to the in vivo expression studies of B. pertussis iron systems in mice, sera from uninfected and B. pertussis-infected human donors were screened for antibody reactivity with Bordetella iron-repressible cell envelope proteins. Pertussis patient sera recognized multiple iron-repressible proteins including the known outer membrane receptors for alcaligin, enterobactin and haem, supporting the hypothesis that B. pertussis is iron-starved and responds to the presence of diverse iron sources during natural infection.
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor, a member of the secretin-vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor family, is widely distributed in peripheral organs and the brain. (1993)

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, is released from endocrine cells in the small intestine after meals. It is involved in several facets of the anabolic response and is thought to be particularly important in stimulating insulin secretion. We have cloned, functionally expressed, and mapped the distribution of the receptor for GIP. It is a member of the secretin-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide family of G-protein-coupled receptors. When expressed in tissue culture cells, it stimulates cAMP production (EC50 0.3 nM) and also increases intracellular calcium accumulation. GIP receptor mRNA is present in the pancreas as well as the gut, adipose tissue, heart, pituitary, and inner layers of the adrenal cortex, whereas it is not found in kidney, spleen, or liver. It is also expressed in several brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. These results suggest that GIP may have previously undescribed actions. GIP receptor localization in the adrenal cortex suggests that it may have effects on glucocorticoid metabolism. Neither GIP nor its effects have been described in the central nervous system, and mRNA for the known peptide ligand for the receptor cannot be detected in the brain by in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. This suggests that a novel peptide may be present in the brain.
Neutralization of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LHN-1) and Conventional Heparin by Protamine Sulfate in Rats (1986)

The neutralization of a low molecular weight heparin (LHN-1) and conventional heparin (CH) by protamine sulfate has been studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the APTT activity of CH was completely neutralized in parallel with the anti-Xa activity. The APTT activity of LHN-1 was almost completely neutralized in a way similar to the APTT activity of CH, whereas the anti-Xa activity of LHN-1 was only partially neutralized. In vivo, CH 3 mg/kg and LHN-1 7.2 mg/kg was given intravenously in rats. The APTT and anti-Xa activities, after neutralization by protamine sulfate in vivo, were similar to the results in vitro. In CH treated rats no haemorrhagic effect in the rat tail bleeding test and no antithrombotic effect in the rat stasis model was found at a protamine sulfate to heparin ratio of about 1, which neutralized APTT and anti-Xa activities. In LHN-1 treated rats the haemorrhagic effect was neutralized when APTT was close to normal whereas higher doses of protamine sulfate were required for neutralization of the antithrombotic effect. This probably reflects the fact that in most experimental models higher doses of heparin are needed to induce bleeding than to prevent thrombus formation. Our results demonstrate that even if complete neutralization of APTT and anti-Xa activities were not seen in LHN-1 treated rats, the in vivo effects of LHN-1 could be neutralized as efficiently as those of conventional heparin. The large fall in blood pressure caused by high doses of protamine sulfate alone was prevented by the prior injection of LHN-1.
Inhibition of fibronectin binding and fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion to collagen by a peptide from the second type I repeat of thrombospondin. (1993)

The platelet and extracellular matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin interacts with various types of cells as both a positive and negative modulator of cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation. These effects may be mediated by binding of thrombospondin to cell surface receptors or indirectly by binding to other extracellular matrix components. The role of peptide sequences from the type I repeats of thrombospondin in its interaction with fibronectin were investigated. Fibronectin bound specifically to the peptide Gly-Gly-Trp-Ser-His-Trp from the second type I repeat of thrombospondin but not to the corresponding peptides from the first or third repeats or flanking sequences from the second repeat. The two Trp residues and the His residue were essential for binding, and the two Gly residues enhanced the affinity of binding. Binding of the peptide and intact thrombospondin to fibronectin were inhibited by the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin. The peptide specifically inhibited binding of fibronectin to gelatin or type I collagen and inhibited fibronectin-mediated adhesion of breast carcinoma and melanoma cells to gelatin or type I collagen substrates but not direct adhesion of the cells to fibronectin, which was inhibited by the peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser. Thus, the fibronectin-binding thrombospondin peptide Gly-Gly-Trp-Ser-His-Trp is a selective inhibitor of fibronectin-mediated interactions of cells with collagen in the extracellular matrix.
Liposomes as carriers of DNA. (1989)

A recombinant plasmid encoding for rat preproinsulin I was encapsulated in large liposomes and injected intravenously into rats. Glycemia and blood, splenic and hepatic insulin were assayed from 6 h after inoculation. Control animals received (1) empty liposomes, (2) liposomes carrying the E. coli pBR322 plasmid, (3) the free rat insulin I gene, or (4) no injection. All controls showed unchanged glucose and insulin levels. Six hours after inoculation, the treated rats had 72 +/- 6 mg glucose per 100 ml of blood, compared with 107 +/- 2 mg for controls. Radioimmunoassay of blood insulin gave 61 +/- 8 microU/ml (43 +/- 5 microU/Ml for controls). Spleen and liver values were 242 +/- 20 and 205 +/- 22 microU/g of tissue, respectively (112 +/- 20 and 87 +/- 15 microU/g in controls). The kinetics and extent of uptake of liposomes by spleen and liver were studied by external gamma-camera imaging after injection of 111In-labeled liposomes. The results paralleled insulin synthesis in the two organs. The insulin gene was localized in liver cells after the injection of liposomes containing the plasmid encoding insulin. Livers were processed 4 h after inoculation for isolation of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells. DNA was purified and exogenous DNA detected by Southern blotting. Kupffer cells were the primary targets for gene incorporation with liposomes consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol. Targeting of liposomes to other liver cells was attempted by including lactosylceramide in the liposomes. This increased the amount of exogenous gene in hepatocytes and particularly in endothelial cells. Detailed electron microscopy and biochemical studies were performed in order to follow the liposome-encapsulated DNA from the moment of i.v. injection to its entering the nucleus of different liver cells. Interactions of liposomes taken up in vivo by the liver cells with subcellular organelles were studied as well. The mechanism of DNA transport by liposomes in vivo and its potential are discussed.
Hypoxia or in situ normoxia: The stem cell paradigm (2009)

Although O(2) concentrations are considerably lowered in vivo, depending on the tissue and cell population in question (some cells need almost anoxic environment for their maintenance) the cell and tissue cultures are usually performed at atmospheric O(2) concentration (20-21%). As an instructive example, the relationship between stem cells and micro-environmental/culture oxygenation has been recapitulated. The basic principle of stem cell biology, "the generation-age hypothesis," and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells are considered in the context of the oxygen-dependent evolution of life and its transposition to ontogenesis and development. A hypothesis relating the self-renewal with the anaerobic and hypoxic metabolic properties of stem cells and the actual O(2) availability is elaborated ("oxygen stem cell paradigm"). Many examples demonstrated that the cellular response is substantially different at atmospheric O(2) concentration when compared to lower O(2) concentrations which better approximate the physiologic situation. These lower O(2) concentrations, traditionally called "hypoxia" represent, in fact, an in situ normoxia, and should be used in experimentation to get an insight of the real cell/cytokine physiology. The revision of our knowledge on cell/cytokine physiology, which has been acquired ex vivo at non physiological atmospheric (20-21%) O(2) concentrations representing a hyperoxic state for most primate cells, has thus become imperious.
Growth of GaN Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition Layers on GaN Single Crystals (1995)

The homoepitaxial growth of GaN layers has been achieved for the first time. Bulk GaN single crystals which have been used as a substrate have been grown from diluted solution of atomic nitrogen in the liquid gallium at 1600C and at nitrogen pressure of about 15-20 kbar. It is shown that a terrace growth of GaN epitaxial layer has been realized. The high quality of the GaN film has been confirmed by luminescence measurements. The analysis of donor-acceptor and exciton luminescence is presented.
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II is a generalized defect of de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis. Endothelial cell fucosylation is not required for neutrophil rolling on human nonlymphoid endothelium. (1998)

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II (LAD II) is a recently described syndrome and the two patients with this defect lack fucosylated glycoconjugates. These glycoconjugates include the selectin ligand, sialyl LewisX, and various fucosylated blood group antigens. To date, the molecular anomaly in these patients has not been identified. We localized the defect in LAD II to the de novo pathway of GDP-fucose biosynthesis, by inducing cell-surface expression of fucosylated glycoconjugates after exposure of lymphoblastoid cell lines from the LAD II patients to exogenous fucose. This defect is not restricted to hematopoietic cells, since similar findings were elicited in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts derived from an affected abortus. We have used these LAD II endothelial cells to examine the consequence of fucosylation of endothelial cells on the rolling of normal neutrophils in an in vitro assay. Neutrophil rolling on LPS-treated normal and LAD II HUVEC was inhibited by an E-selectin monoclonal antibody at both high and low shear rates. LAD II HUVEC lacking fucosylated glycoproteins supported leukocyte rolling to a similar degree as normal HUVEC or LAD II cells that were fucose-fed. At low shear rates, an L-selectin antibody inhibited neutrophil rolling to a similar degree whether the LAD II cells had been fucose-fed or not. These findings suggest that fucosylation of nonlymphoid endothelial cells does not play a major role in neutrophil rolling and that fucose is not a critical moiety on the L-selectin ligand(s) on endothelial cells of the systemic vasculature.
Influence of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Biliary Lipids (1994)

The advent of bile acid therapy has shed some light on the mechanisms involved in determining bile lipid secretion. The administration of cholelytic bile acids results in a lowering of cholesterol percent molar and saturation index due to a reduction in cholesterol secretion. Studies carried out after administration of bile acids showed initially that biliary cholesterol secretion rates were dependent on the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the prevailing bile acid present in bile. However, more detailed investigations showed that some bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) did not follow this rule because of the presence of other mechanisms involved in determining biliary cholesterol secretion and a possible link between cholesterol synthesis and biliary cholesterol secretion. Several different human models have been used in more recent studies to arrive at a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in determining bile lipid secretion: obese patients, obese patients in rapid weight loss, patients with non-familial hypercholesterolemia and primary biliary cirrhosis. The findings in these studies indicate how modifications in biliary lipid secretion can easily be induced when there are changes in the relative amounts of bile acids. These changes may bring about modifications in intestinal absorption, liver synthesis, and secretion of cholesterol and bile acids that could possibly lead to the formation of lithogenic bile and subsequently to cholesterol gallstones.
Scheduling I/O requests with deadlines: A performance evaluation (1990)

The I/O scheduling problem is examined in detail. The authors present a realistic model for studying this problem in the context of a system which executes real-time transactions. The model takes advantage of the fact that reading from the disk occurs before a transaction commits, while writing to the disk usually occurs after the transaction commits. New algorithms are presented that exploit this fact in order to meet the deadlines of individual requests. The algorithms are evaluated via detailed simulation and their performance is compared with traditional disk scheduling algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 16nm FinFET CMOS technology for mobile SoC and computing applications (2013)

For the first time, we present a state-of-the-art energy-efficient 16nm technology integrated with FinFET transistors, 0.07um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> high density (HD) SRAM, Cu/low-k interconnect and high density MiM for mobile SoC and computing applications. This technology provides 2X logic density and >35% speed gain or >55% power reduction over our 28nm HK/MG planar technology. To our knowledge, this is the smallest fully functional 128Mb HD FinFET SRAM (with single fin) test-chip demonstrated with low Vccmin for 16nm node. Low leakage (SVt) FinFET transistors achieve excellent short channel control with DIBL of <;30 mV/V and superior Idsat of 520/525 uA/um at 0.75V and Ioff of 30 pA/um for NMOS and PMOS, respectively.
Integration of image capture and processing: beyond single-chip digital camera (2001)

An important trend in the design of digital cameras is the integration of capture and processing onto a single CMOS chip. Although integrating the components of a digital camera system onto a single chip significantly reduces system size and power, it does not fully exploit the potential advantages of integration. We argue that a key advantage of integration is the ability to exploit the high speed imaging capability of CMOS image senor to enable new applications such as multiple capture for enhancing dynamic range and to improve the performance of existing applications such as optical flow estimation. Conventional digital cameras operate at low frame rates and it would be too costly, if not infeasible, to operate their chips at high frame rates. Integration solves this problem. The idea is to capture images at much higher frame rates than he standard frame rate, process the high frame rate data on chip, and output the video sequence and the application specific data at standard frame rate. This idea is applied to optical flow estimation, where significant performance improvements are demonstrate over methods using standard frame rate sequences. We then investigate the constraints on memory size and processing power that can be integrated with a CMOS image sensor in a 0.18 micrometers process and below. We show that enough memory and processing power can be integrated to be able to not only perform the functions of a conventional camera system but also to perform applications such as real time optical flow estimation.
1.5 Gbit/s/channel operation of multiple-wavelengthvertical-cavityphotonic integrated emitter arrays for low-cost multimode WDMlocal-area networks (1998)

The authors demonstrate 1.5 Gbit/s/channel error-free (bit error rate &lt; 10–13) on-chip operation of unpackaged multiple-wavelength photonic integrated emitter arrays for short-haul (≤ 300 m) multimode fibre wavelength-division multiplexing applications. The observed performance has been mainly limited by our simple coaxial probe and receiver bandwidth.
The effect of normal adult aging on standard PCA face recognition accuracy rates (2006)

The issue of face aging has not been explicitly focused upon in the research on face recognition (FR) systems. What has been introduced by a few researchers is the impact of a probe against a match of different acquisition dates; the time span between probe and match image acquisition has not historically been sufficiently large enough to fully explore the impacts of age-progression on performance rates. In this work, we address the impacts of age-progression, which includes both structural and texture changes, on the standard PCA FR algorithm. A face database designed specifically to address the issues of age-progression is used with the FERET database. This work examines why the PCA FR system, and possibly other appearance based FR systems, is diminished recognition rates.