gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sol–Gel Deposition of Chromium Doped Aluminium Oxide Films (Ruby) for Surface Temperature Sensor Application (2008)

One promising approach for the measurement of surface temperatures is the use of thermographic phosphor coatings. Here the deposition of chromium doped (0–7%) aluminum oxide films (ruby) with respect to this application is investigated. The optical properties of the grown films are presented in a further study. The sol–gel technique is used for film deposition. The method is rather simple and omits an expensive setup, so cheap coatings are easily prepared. Aluminum tri-isopropoxide (ATI) is used as an aluminum source and chromium acetylacetonate (Cr(acac)3) is used for chromium doping. The deposition process is analyzed by thermogravimetric measurements (TG/DTA). The film morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical compositions are analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used for the phase analysis. It is shown that amorphous aluminum oxide is prepared during sol–gel deposition at 563 K. It becomes well ordered (α-Al2O3:Cr3+) after annealing at 1403 K in an O2-atmosphere. The chromium content is homogeneous and identical to the stoichiometry of the aluminum and chromium sources. By using a multicycle deposition procedure well adhering films of around 3 µm thickness are grown.
Development of an antigen-specific CD8 suppressor effector clone in man. (1988)

A long-term cultured IL-2-dependent keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific CD8 (T8) suppressor clone (5B9) was generated from a healthy donor hyperimmunized with KLH. The 5B9 clonal population suppressed in vitro anti-KLH antibody response but did not suppress anti-TT antibody response or PWM-driven IgG synthesis. Moreover, 5B9 cells could not suppress anti-TT antibody response even in the presence of free KLH. 5B9 cloned cells suppressed the anti-KLH antibody response of B cells cultured with CD4+4B4+ cells without requiring the presence of CD8+ cells. This KLH-specific CD8 suppressor clone is an effector type rather than an inducer type of suppressor T cell. The cloned cells expressed alpha- and beta-TCR proteins (defined by WT-31 antibody) on their cell surface. More importantly, the CD3:TCR complex was functionally important in the suppression induced by this clone, because after CD3 antigen modulation from its cell surface, the suppressor effector function was abolished.
Reduction of Etch Pit Density in Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy-Grown GaN on Sapphire by Insertion of a Low-Temperature-Deposited Buffer Layer between High-Temperature-Grown GaN (1998)

The etch pit density of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE)-grown GaN on sapphire was discovered to reduce drastically by the insertion of either a low-temperature-deposited AlN buffer layer or GaN buffer layer between high-temperature-grown-GaN on sapphire.
A Novel Analysis Technique for Transcutaneous Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate With Ultralow Dose Marker Concentrations (2015)

LTDM aims to resolve the issue of the currently necessary large doses of fluorescence tracer required for transcutaneous GFR measurement. Due to substantially less influences from autofluorescence and artifacts, the proposed method outperforms other existing techniques for accurate percutaneous organ function measurement.
Self-Assembly of Two- and Three-Dimensional Particle Arrays by Manipulating the Hydrophobicity of Silica Nanospheres (2005)

The surface hydrophobicity of colloidal silica (SiO2) nanospheres is manipulated by a chemical graft of alkyl chains with silane coupling agents or by physical adsorption of a cationic surfactant. The surface-modified SiO2 spheres can be transferred from the aqueous phase to organic solvents and readily self-assemble at the water-air interface to form two-dimensional (2D) particle arrays. Closely packed particle monolayers are obtained by adjusting the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the synthesized SiO2 spheres and may further be transferred onto solid substrates layer by layer to form three-dimensional (3D) ordered particle arrays with a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystalline structure. The 2D monolayer and 3D multilayer SiO2 films exhibit photonic crystal properties, which were determined by the UV-visible spectroscopic analysis in transmission mode. In the multilayer films, the Bragg diffraction maxima increased with an increase in thickness of the particle layers. The experimentally observed diffraction positions are in good agreement with those that were theoretically calculated.
Constitutive Laws for Pseudo-Elastic Materials (1992)

In this paper a new model of pseudo-elastic materials based on experimen tal observations of one-dimensional motions of SMA materials is introduced. The model incorporates phase fractions as an internal variable and allows for both reversible (elastic) and irreversible (plastic) modes inside the hysteresis loop. As such, the model accounts for a wider range of physical phenomena than the traditional plasticity theories. The consti tutive equations predict transitions between elastic and plastic modes through a de pendence on the time history of strain and phase fractions. These history effects are in cluded in a way that allows for easy computation.
Enhanced Piezoelectricity and Stretchability in Energy Harvesting Devices Fabricated from Buckled PZT Ribbons (2011)

The development of a method for integrating highly efficient energy conversion materials onto soft, biocompatible substrates could yield breakthroughs in implantable or wearable energy harvesting systems. Of particular interest are devices which can conform to irregular, curved surfaces, and operate in vital environments that may involve both flexing and stretching modes. Previous studies have shown significant advances in the integration of highly efficient piezoelectric nanocrystals on flexible and bendable substrates. Yet, such inorganic nanomaterials are mechanically incompatible with the extreme elasticity of elastomeric substrates. Here, we present a novel strategy for overcoming these limitations, by generating wavy piezoelectric ribbons on silicone rubber. Our results show that the amplitudes in the waves accommodate order-of-magnitude increases in maximum tensile strain without fracture. Further, local probing of the buckled ribbons reveals an enhancement in the piezoelectric effect of up to 70%, thus representing the highest reported piezoelectric response on a stretchable medium. These results allow for the integration of energy conversion devices which operate in stretching mode via reversible deformations in the wavy/buckled ribbons.
Proteinase-Activated Receptors: Transducers of Proteinase-Mediated Signaling in Inflammation and Immune Response (2004)

Serine proteinases such as thrombin, mast cell tryptase, trypsin, or cathepsin G, for example, are highly active mediators with diverse biological activities. So far, proteinases have been considered to act primarily as degradative enzymes in the extracellular space. However, their biological actions in tissues and cells suggest important roles as a part of the body's hormonal communication system during inflammation and immune response. These effects can be attributed to the activation of a new subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, termed proteinase-activated receptors (PARs). Four members of the PAR family have been cloned so far. Thus, certain proteinases act as signaling molecules that specifically regulate cells by activating PARs. After stimulation, PARs couple to various G proteins and activate signal transduction pathways resulting in the rapid transcription of genes that are involved in inflammation. For example, PARs are widely expressed by cells involved in immune responses and inflammation, regulate endothelial-leukocyte interactions, and modulate the secretion of inflammatory mediators or neuropeptides. Together, the PAR family necessitates a paradigm shift in thinking about hormone action, to include proteinases as key modulators of biological function. Novel compounds that can modulate PAR function may be potent candidates for the treatment of inflammatory or immune diseases.
The plant hormone indoleacetic acid induces invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2004)

Fungi must recognize plant-specific signals to initiate subsequent morphogenetic events such as filamentation that lead to infection. Here we show that the plant hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) induces adhesion and filamentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Genome expression profiling of cells treated with IAA identified Yap1, a fungal specific transcription factor, as a key mediator of this response. Strains lacking YAP1 ( yap1-1 ) are hypersensitive to growth on IAA because they accumulate more IAA than can wild type. Members of a family of transporters the amino acid/auxin:proton symport permeases with homology to AUX1 , a putative IAA transporter from plants, are up-regulated in the yap1-1 mutant. Deletion of any one of these transporters makes yap1-1 mutants more resistant to IAA by decreasing its uptake. The permease mutants are defective in IAA perception and filamentation. The ability of a fungus to perceive a plant hormone that causes it to differentiate into an invasive form has important implications for plant–pathogen interactions.
The Fractional Fourier Transform and Applications (1991)

This paper describes the “fractional Fourier transform,” which admits computation by an algorithm that has complexity proportional to the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Whereas the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is based on integral roots of unity $e^{{{ - 2\pi i} / n}} $, the fractional Fourier transform is based on fractional roots of unity $e^{ - 2\pi i\alpha } $ where $\alpha $ is arbitrary. The fractional Fourier transform and the corresponding fast algorithm are useful for such applications as computing DFTs of sequences with prime lengths, computing DFTs of sparse sequences, analyzing sequences with noninteger periodicities, performing high-resolution trigonometric interpolation, detecting lines in noisy images, and detecting signals with linearly drifting frequencies. In many cases, the resulting algorithms are faster by arbitrarily large factors than conventional techniques.
Interleukin-29 Functions Cooperatively with Interferon to Induce Antiviral Gene Expression and Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Replication (2008)

The interferon (IFN)-related cytokine interleukin (IL)-29 (also known as IFN-lambda1) inhibits virus replication by inducing a cellular antiviral response similar to that activated by IFN-alpha/beta. However, because it binds to a unique receptor, this cytokine may function cooperatively with IFN-alpha/beta or IFN-gamma during natural infections to inhibit virus replication, and might also be useful therapeutically in combination with other cytokines to treat chronic viral infections such as hepatitis C (HCV). We therefore investigated the ability of IL-29 and IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma to cooperatively inhibit virus replication and induce antiviral gene expression. Compared with the individual cytokines alone, the combination of IL-29 with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma was more effective at blocking vesicular stomatitis virus and HCV replication, and this cooperative antiviral activity correlated with the magnitude of induced antiviral gene expression. Although the combined effects of IL-29 and IFN-alpha were primarily additive, the IL-29/IFN-gamma combination synergistically induced multiple genes and had the greatest antiviral activity. Two different mechanisms contributed to the enhanced gene expression induced by the cytokine combinations: increased activation of ISRE promoter elements and simultaneous activation of both ISRE and GAS elements within the same promoter. These findings provide new insight into the coregulation of a critical innate immune response by functionally distinct cytokine families.
Manifest refraction versus autorefraction for patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. (2001)

Despite large differences in spherical equivalent between manifest refraction and autorefraction, the visual acuity scores were close (mean difference, 1.5 letters). Other studies comparing subjective refraction and autorefraction have shown similar results. Autorefraction in patients with subfoveal CNV may be a satisfactory alternative to manifest refraction in clinical trials and field studies in which best corrected visual acuity is of interest.
Nanolithography based on patterned metal transfer and its application to organic electronic devices (2002)

We demonstrate a patterning method capable of producing features of submicron scale based on the transfer of a metal film from a stamp to a substrate assisted by cold welding. The patterned metal film can be used as an etch mask to replicate the pattern on the substrate, or the film itself can serve as contact electrodes for a wide range of electronic devices. We demonstrate the versatility of the technique by fabricating a polymer grating on SiO2 with lateral dimensions &amp;lt;80 nm and a pattern resolution approaching 10 nm, and by fabricating organic solar cells and pentacene channel organic thin-film transistors with channel lengths as short as 1 μm.
Ultraviolet light generation by intense laser filaments propagating in air (2005)

Sub-millimeter diameter filaments can develop from laser self-focusing in air. These filaments produce ultraviolet radiations in form of third harmonics and frequency upshifting. Using high-power laser we observed generation of third harmonic radiation in air.
被動句的日中對照研究：以《新約聖經》為中心 (2009)

句子的表現方式，時常可以反映出該語言母語者的思考傾向。面對同一個事態，中、日文間常用不同的表現方式，特別是主動句與被動句的對立。本稿中調查日文使用被動句時，中文的對應狀況，並探討兩語言的表現特徵。為了觀察對於同一事態兩語言間表現構造的差異，本稿從兩國共同都有的翻譯作品──《新約聖經》中收集語例。
 本稿主要分成兩個部份。第一部分是考察對應於日文被動句時的中文表現。第二部分先檢討幾種在中文裡較不使用被動句表現的情況，接著試著分析影響中、日文使用被動句的因素。以下則簡略介紹考察的結果。
 1.對應於日文被動句的中文表現在構文上可分成10種。其中，典型及非典型的被動句的對應比例僅占47%不到半數，這顯示日文的被動句對應到中文時，與中文主動句對應的比率較被動句高。
 2.中文典型被動句的被字句具有結果重視的特徵，這經常以動詞本身在語彙上的意思或句子的其他成分等來表示結果。若只看被字句的使用率，僅有30%如此的低。另一方面，語彙上被動句及意思上被動句這兩種非典型的被動句是依據話者的表現意圖來選擇使用，兩者皆在中文的被動表現中占有重要的角色。
 3.中文表現中，和日文主語不同的主動句表現最多。特別是在動作主不明的情況下，有多數例子為日文原文中無顯示出的動作主反而出現在中文主動句裡的主語位置。
 4.對於日文中二重目的語構文的被動句以及「知道」、「看見」等感知動詞的被動句，中文裡若無被害的意味，大多以接受方（傳達對象）當為主語，表示接受或傳達某樣事物。此外，視點統一也是日文被動句使用的動機，因此在連體節和連用節中常基於此動機使用被動態。
 5.針對中、日被動句的使用率的差異，在認知上的因素可舉出兩語言各具有不同的觀察位置（視座）的傾向，一個是「在舞台上」一個是「在舞台下」。在日文裡，話者經常置身於同一舞台上的另一參與體，從其視點來描述其所遭遇的事態，或者藉由置身於某個情境當中，並把眼前所看到的情況直接描述出來的方式來認識該情境的狀況。而中文裡，話者通常從舞台下觀察舞台上的事態，並注意事態內各個參與體的行動，接著透過其行動來認識該情境的狀況。
Optimal binary spreading for block OFDM on multipath fading channels (2004)

We study the use of block spreading in a multicarrier system to gain diversity advantage over multipath fading channels. The main idea is to split the full set of subcarriers into smaller blocks and spread the data symbols across these blocks via unitary spreading matrices in order to gain multipath diversity across each block at the receiver. We extend the recent work of Bury et. al. (2003), by posing the problem as a finite dimensional optimization problem in which the asymptotic error is minimized over unitary spreading matrices. This formulation allows us to find explicit solutions for the optimal spreading matrices.
Building an abbreviation dictionary using a term recognition approach (2006)

The implementations and supplementary information are available at our web site: http://www.chokkan.org/research/acromine/
Effects of Alzheimer's disease severity on cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine concentration (1997)

Despite the loss of locus ceruleus neurons in Alzheimer's disease, the aging-associated high concentration of CSF norepinephrine is retained in the earlier stages of Alzheimer's disease and increases further as the disease progresses. Increased brain noradrenergic activity may contribute to the agitated behaviors or cognitive deficits of patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease.
Structures of gonyautoxin II and III from the east coast toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of gonyautoxin II and III from the east coast toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensisYuzuru Shimizu, Lawrence J. Buckley, Maktoob Alam, Yasukatsu Oshima, William E. Fallon, Hiroshi Kasai, Iwao Miura, Vincent P. Gullo, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5414–5416Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00433a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulfasalazine inhibits the growth of primary brain tumors independent of nuclear factor‐κB (2009)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a pleiotropic transcription factor that generally enhances cellular resistance to apoptotic cell death. It has been shown to be constitutively active in some cancers and is being pursued as potential anticancer target. Sulfasalazine which is used clinically to treat Crohn's disease has emerged as a potential inhibitor of NF-kappaB and has shown promising results in two pre-clinical studies to target primary brain tumors, gliomas. Once digested, sulfasalazine is cleaved into sulfapyridine and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; mesalamine) by colonic bacteria, and the latter, too, is reported to suppress NF-kappaB activity. We now show that glioma cells obtained from patient biopsies or glioma cell lines do not show significant constitutive NF-kappaB activation, unless exposed to inflammatory cytokines. This does not change when gliomas are implanted into the cerebrum of severe combined immun-deficient mice. Nevertheless, sulfasalazine but not its cleaved form 5-ASA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of glioma growth. This effect was entirely attributable to the inhibition of cystine uptake via the system x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate transporter. It could be mimicked by S-4-carboxy-phenylglycine (S-4-CPG) a more specific system x(c)(-) inhibitor, and lentiviral expression of a constitutively active form of IkappaB kinase b was unable to overcome the growth retarding effects of sulfasalazine or S-4-CPG. Both drugs inhibited cystine uptake causing a chronic depletion of intracellular GSH and consequently compromised cellular redox defense which stymied tumor growth. This data suggests that system x(c)(-) is a promising therapeutic target in gliomas and possibly other cancers and that it can be pharmacologically inhibited by Sulfasalazine, an FDA-approved drug.
Epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Recent clonal expansion and diversification (2008)

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, are a major problem worldwide. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) appeared rapidly and unexpectedly in the United States, resulting in an epidemic caused primarily by isolates classified as USA300. The evolutionary and molecular underpinnings of this epidemic are poorly understood. Specifically, it is unclear whether there has been clonal emergence of USA300 isolates or evolutionary convergence toward a hypervirulent phenotype resulting in the independent appearance of similar organisms. To definitively resolve this issue and understand the phylogeny of USA300 isolates, we used comparative whole-genome sequencing to analyze 10 USA300 patient isolates from eight states in diverse geographic regions of the United States and multiple types of human infection. Eight of 10 isolates analyzed had very few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and thus were closely related, indicating recent diversification rather than convergence. Unexpectedly, 2 of the clonal isolates had significantly reduced mortality in a mouse sepsis model compared with the reference isolate (P = 0.0002), providing strong support to the idea that minimal genetic change in the bacterial genome can have profound effects on virulence. Taken together, our results demonstrate that there has been recent clonal expansion and diversification of a subset of isolates classified as USA300. The findings add an evolutionary dimension to the epidemiology and emergence of USA300 and suggest a similar mechanism for the pandemic occurrence and spread of penicillin-resistant S. aureus (known as phage-type 80/81 S. aureus) in the 1950s.
Self‐Assembly Process to Integrate and Connect Semiconductor Dies on Surfaces with Single‐Angular Orientation and Contact‐Pad Registration (2006)

A directed self-assembly process to batch assemble differently sized components with single angular orientation on surfaces is demonstrated. This process employs “two-element docking sites” on the substrate that contain alignment pedestals and solder-coated areas that are designed according to the size and shape of the components. The directed assembly of one hundred silicon blocks (see figure), 900 and 500 μm in size, is demonstrated with 19 μm lateral and 0.3° angular contact-pad registration accuracy.
Phototherapy promotes regeneration and functional recovery of injured peripheral nerve (2004)

Numerous attempts have been made to enhance and/or accelerate the recovery of injured peripheral nerves. One of the methods studied is the use of phototherapy (low power laser or light irradiation) to enhance recovery of the injured peripheral nerve. A critical analysis of the literature on the employment of phototherapy for the enhancement of the regeneration process of the rat facial and sciatic nerve (after crush injury or transection followed by surgical reconstruction) is provided, together with the description of some of the most suitable basic biological mechanisms through which laser radiation exerts its action on peripheral nerve regeneration.
Picosecond SESAM-Based Ytterbium Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers (2004)

Using semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors and a grating-pair dispersion compensator, we obtain reliable self-starting mode locking of a ytterbium (Yb) fiber laser tunable over 125 nm. The 980-1105-nm tuning range is achieved by optimization of nonlinear reflection and bandgap characteristics of the multiple-quantum-well saturable absorber and by proper engineering of the laser cavity. A short-length Yb-doped double-clad amplifier seeded with mode-locked Yb-fiber laser produces picosecond pulses with energy of 30 nJ (700 mW of average power). A compact version of the fiber laser was built using a Gires-Tournois compensator and short length (1-cm long) of highly doped Yb fiber. Using a novel semiconductor saturable abserver mirror based on GaInNAs structure, self-started 1.5-ps pulse mode-locked operation was obtained at 1023 nm with a repetition rate of 95 MHz. A mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was also developed without using any dispersion compensation technique. Overall group-velocity dispersion was minimized by using highly doped Yb fiber in a compact amplifying loop cavity. Self-started mode-locked operation was obtained in 980-1030-nm wavelength range with a fundamental repetition rate of 140 MHz. Without using dispersion compensation, the lasers produced pulses in a range from 15 to 26 ps.