gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen induction of in vitro prostate cell differentiation. (2002)

To better understand androgen action in normal prostate cells, we characterized the androgen growth response of an immortalized nontumorigenic rat prostate cell line called CA25 that had been stably transfected with androgen receptor (AR) cDNA. Surprisingly, we found that AR(+) CA25 cells grew slower in the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), whereas the growth of AR(-) CA25 cells was not affected by the hormone. DHT-mediated growth inhibition of CA25 cells was not attributable to an increase in apoptosis but rather to a morphological conversion consistent with terminal differentiation. Specifically, we found that DHT treatment of CA25 cells resulted in a striking change in cell architecture, localization of desmoplakin to cell-cell boundaries, and an increase in alpha 6p integrin levels, a newly described marker of cell differentiation. Although no androgen-dependent changes were observed in the transcript levels of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase or c-Myc genes by Northern blot analysis, RNA expression profiling of DHT-treated CA25 cells identified 282 genes of 1,018 that were continually expressed over a 48-h period. It was found that 63 of these genes were up-regulated >5-fold within the first 4 h of treatment and encoded functions involved in transport, signal transduction, and metabolism. These expression profile data are consistent with the striking morphological changes we observed in DHT-treated CA25 cells and provide a starting point for molecular analysis of in vitro prostate cell differentiation.
Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic and clinical significance. (1998)

In summary, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is important in leukocyte extravasation and thus the pathogenesis of RA. The outcome of neovascularization highly depends on the imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic mediators produced in the rheumatoid synovium. Therefore, angiogenesis research is important for the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. In addition, existing and potential angiostatic drugs may be useful for future therapy of RA.
Differences in Healing of Skin Wounds Caused by Burn and Freeze Injuries (1980)

Circular, full-thickness dermal burn- and freeze-produced wounds were produced in rats to compare the difference in healing between the two types of thermal injuries. Contraction did not occur in wounds (n = 30) caused by freezing, while burn wounds (n = 30) contracted to less than one-third of original size by 21 days after injury. If the centers of the freeze-produced wounds (n = 12) were excised, contraction would then occur and proceed at the same rate as an open wound. Histologically, the degree of initial tissue destruction by the two types of injuries was similar. The burn wound contained only half the amount of collagen found in the freeze-produced wound. There was a greater and more rapid replacement of collagen in the burn wounds. With both injuries, the highest concentration of collagen was found on the fifteenth day and returned to normal by the twenty-eighth day. The burn wound contained three times the amount of collagen in normal skin, while the freeze-produced wound contained only 1 3/4 times the amount in normal skin. Contraction does not seem to occur in the healing of the freeze-injured skin because the slow removal and replacement of the residual matrix prevents contraction.
Variable-Temperature Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVariable-Temperature Solid-State NMR SpectroscopyJames F. HawCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 9, 559A–570APublication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00160a721https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00160a721research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Verification of the IBM RISC System/6000 by a dynamic biased pseudo-random test program generator (1991)

Verification of a computer that implements a new architecture is especially difficult since no approved functional test cases are available. The logic design of the IBM RISC System/6000™ was verified mainly by a specially developed random test program operator (RTPG), which was used from the early stages of the design until its successful completion. APL was chosen for the RISC System/6000 RTPG implementation after considering the suitability of this programming language for modeling computer architectures, the very tight schedule, and the highly changeable environment in which RTPG would operate.
Consistent mesh parameterizations (2001)

A basic element of Digital Geometry Processing algorithms is the establishment of a smooth parameterization for a given model. In this paper we propose an algorithm which establishes parameterizations for a set of models. The parameterizations are called consistent because they share the same base domain and respect features. They give immediate correspondences between models and allow remeshes with the same connectivity. Such remeshes form the basis for a large class of algorithms, including principal component analysis, wavelet transforms, detail and texture transfer between models, and n-way shape blending. We demonstrate the versatility of our algorithm with a number of examples.
Regulation of Cockroach Antigen-Induced Allergic Airway Hyperreactivity by the CXCR3 Ligand CXCL9 (2004)

Allergic airway disease is characterized by a robust lymphocytic infiltrate, elaboration of Th2-type inflammatory mediators, pulmonary eosinophil accumulation, and airway hyperreactivity. The CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9 (monokine induced by IFN-gamma) and CXCL10 (IFN-inducible protein, 10 kDa), are IFN-gamma-inducible, Th1-type chemokines. As CXCL10 has been previously shown to participate in the modulation of allergic inflammation, we were interested in investigating the possible role that CXCL9 may play in this inflammatory response. Expression of CXCL9 was primarily identified in airway epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining. Airway neutralization of CXCL9 at the time of allergen challenge significantly increased airway hyperreactivity, airway eosinophil accumulation, and IL-4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage while significantly decreasing airway levels of IL-12. In contrast, introduction of exogenous CXCL9 into the airway at the time of allergen challenge dramatically reduced airway hyper-reactivity and eosinophil accumulation. Moreover, pulmonary levels of IL-4 were significantly reduced, whereas levels of IL-12 were significantly increased, with exogenous CXCL9 treatment. In lymphocytes restimulated with CXCL9 and allergen in vitro, CXCL9 down-regulated IL-4 expression and up-regulated IFN-gamma expression, suggesting that CXCL9 is able to direct activated lymphocytes toward a Th1-type phenotype. Additionally, CXCL9 was shown to inhibit CC chemokine ligand 11-induced eosinophil chemotaxis in in vitro assays. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CXCR3 ligand CXCL9 is involved in regulation of the allergic response in the lung by regulation of lymphocyte activation and eosinophil recruitment.
MAttNet: Modular Attention Network for Referring Expression Comprehension (2018)

In this paper, we address referring expression comprehension: localizing an image region described by a natural language expression. While most recent work treats expressions as a single unit, we propose to decompose them into three modular components related to subject appearance, location, and relationship to other objects. This allows us to flexibly adapt to expressions containing different types of information in an end-to-end framework. In our model, which we call the Modular Attention Network (MAttNet), two types of attention are utilized: language-based attention that learns the module weights as well as the word/phrase attention that each module should focus on; and visual attention that allows the subject and relationship modules to focus on relevant image components. Module weights combine scores from all three modules dynamically to output an overall score. Experiments show that MAttNet outperforms previous state-of-art methods by a large margin on both bounding-box-level and pixel-level comprehension tasks. Demo and code are provided.
The 40-kDa subunit of DNA fragmentation factor induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis (1998)

We report here the reconstitution of a pathway that leads to the apoptotic changes in nuclei by using recombinant DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), a heterodimeric protein of 40 and 45 kDa. Coexpression of DFF40 and DFF45 is required to generate recombinant DFF, which becomes activated when DFF45 is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFF45 dissociate from the DFF40, the active component of DFF. Purified DFF40 exhibited an intrinsic DNase activity that was markedly stimulated by chromatin-associated proteins histone H1 and high mobility group proteins. DFF40 also triggered chromatin condensation when incubated with nuclei. These data suggest that DFF40 is sufficient to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis.
How do animals actually solve the T maze? (2001)

Rats were trained on a reinforced, delayed alternation T-maze task in the presence (cue group) or absence (no-cue group) of salient extramaze landmarks. A surprising finding was that the acquisition and memory performance of the 2 groups did not differ. Manipulations of the extramaze landmarks for the cue group suggested that, although landmarks were used to guide behavior, other sources of information were also used normally. The no-cue group was able to perform the task at above-chance levels even when extramaze, intramaze, and inertial sources of orientation were manipulated. These results suggest that memory performance on the T maze does not rely exclusively on the processing of allocentric spatial relationships in the maze environment.
Introducing DOTUR, a Computer Program for Defining Operational Taxonomic Units and Estimating Species Richness (2005)

Although copious qualitative information describes the members of the diverse microbial communities on Earth, statistical approaches for quantifying and comparing the numbers and compositions of lineages in communities are lacking. We present a method that addresses the challenge of assigning sequences to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on the genetic distances between sequences. We developed a computer program, DOTUR, which assigns sequences to OTUs by using either the furthest, average, or nearest neighbor algorithm for each distance level. DOTUR uses the frequency at which each OTU is observed to construct rarefaction and collector's curves for various measures of richness and diversity. We analyzed 16S rRNA gene libraries derived from Scottish and Amazonian soils and the Sargasso Sea with DOTUR, which assigned sequences to OTUs rapidly and reliably based on the genetic distances between sequences and identified previous inconsistencies and errors in assigning sequences to OTUs. An analysis of the two 16S rRNA gene libraries from soil demonstrated that they do not contain enough sequences to support a claim that they contain different numbers of bacterial lineages with statistical confidence (P > 0.05), nor do they contain enough sequences to provide a robust estimate of species richness when an OTU is defined as containing sequences that are no more than 3% different from each other. In contrast, the richness of OTUs at the 3% level in the Sargasso Sea collection began to plateau after the sampling of 690 sequences. We anticipate that an equivalent extent of sampling for soil would require sampling more than 10,000 sequences, almost 100 times the size of typical sequence collections obtained from soil.
High serum transferrin receptor level in anemia of chronic disorders indicates coexistent iron deficiency (2003)

Blood transferrin receptor (TR) level is largely determined by the quantum of erythropoiesis and by intracellular iron content of the cells of the erythroid lineage. Hence, a high serum TR level has been found to be useful in distinguishing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) from anemia of chronic disorders (ACD). In order to examine its potential role in the diagnosis of concomitant iron deficiency in ACD, we determined serum TR levels in 130 cases of ACD, in 25 cases of IDA, and in 40 normal adults. As expected, all patients of IDA had significantly higher serum TR levels compared to the normal subjects (4.2-19.2 microg/dL vs. 1.3-3.0 microg/dL) (P < 0.002). In 11/25 cases of IDA, the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) was in the normal range although bone marrow iron store was absent and serum TR levels were high, thereby highlighting the superiority of TR level in the diagnosis of iron deficiency compared to TIBC. Although 54% (70/130) patients of ACD had normal or low serum TR levels (0.9-3.0 microg/dL) as expected, in 46% (60/130) of ACD patients, serum TR levels were high (3.2-11.0 microg/dL). Mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, and transferrin saturation were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the latter group of patients compared to the former, and these parameters resembled those in IDA patients. Also, serum iron was lower and TIBC was higher in this group of ACD patients compared to those with normal or low serum TR. All these features point to an "IDA-like" profile of ACD patients with high TR and support the possibility of co-existent iron deficiency in this subgroup of ACD patients. In light of these observations it would be prudent to treat ACD patients with high serum TR levels with iron replacement therapy.
Fertilizer Applications for Correcting Micronutrient Deficiencies (1991)

This chapter focuses on correction of boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) deficiencies in plants grown under diverse management regimes. B fertilizers are mixed and applied with other fertilizer materials to correct potential B deficiencies for cultivated annual crops. Cu deficiencies can be corrected by applying Cu to plant foliage, or to soil by either band or broadcast application procedures. Inorganic sources and acids, synthetic chelates, natural organic complexes, frits, mine and industrial wastes, jarosites, pyrites, and crop residues have all been used in attempts to eliminate or correct Fe deficiencies in crops. Inorganic and organic Mn compounds are used for correcting Mn deficiencies. Mo deficiencies may be corrected by soil and foliar applications, and by seed treatments. Zn deficiencies can be corrected by applying Zn to plant foliage or to soil by either band or broadcast procedures. The chapter provides literature on chlorine, cobalt, and nickel deficiencies.
Electric-field dependence of linear optical properties in quantum well structures: Waveguide electroabsorption and sum rules (1986)

We summarize the electric-field dependence of absorption and luminescence in quantum wells for fields perpendicular to the layers, present extended discussion of electroabsorption spectra and devices in waveguide samples, and derive sum rules for electroabsorption. Optical bistability, self-linearized modulation, and optical level shifting are demonstrated in self-electrooptic effect device configurations, with good modulation contrast and polarization-dependent properties. The electroabsorption spectra enable quantitative comparison of theory and experiment for absorption strengths in quantum wells with field. The sum rules enable excitonic effects to be included in the comparison, and good agreement is seen. One sum rule is also more generally applicable to electroabsorption in semiconductors.
Remifentanil-Induced Cerebral Blood Flow Effects in Normal Humans: Dose and ApoE Genotype (2007)

Remifentanil at sedative doses produces both activating and depressing effects in various limbic system structures. The cingulate cortex seems to have the most susceptibility to remifentanil activation, and ApoE4 seems to produce relative activation of the hippocampus and amygdala.
Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish (1964)

Abstract The fatty acid composition of body lipids was determined by GLC for 14 species of saltwater fish, three species of freshwater fish and four species of shellfish. In addition, liver lipids of two species and egg lipids of one species were analyzed for comparison with the fish body lipids. The various species ranged from lean to fatty and contained from 0.7~15.5% oil in the tissues. Certain major fatty acids were found to vary widely among the species, as follows: 1.6~8.0% myristic, 9.5~33.4% palmitic, 2.0~11.2% palmitoleic, 5.2~29.1% oleic, 0.7~10.5% eicosenoic, 5.0~21.5% eicosapentaenoic, 0.2~11.6% docosenoic and 5.9~26.2% docosahexaenoic acids. Analyses of two separate mullet‐oil samples illustrated the wide differences that are possible for a single species caught during different seasons. Significant differences in the amt of particular fatty acids were found in comparing freshwater‐fish analyses with analyses for marine fish. Oysters and scallops showed large amt of pentaenoic and hexaenoic acids in their oils.
Disruption of Ang-1/Tie-2 Signaling Contributes to the Impaired Myocardial Vascular Maturation and Angiogenesis in Type II Diabetic Mice (2008)

Our findings underscore the important role of Ang-1-Tie-2 signaling in the diabetes-induced impairment of vascular maturation and angiogenesis.
The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function (1994)

Some transcription factors contain stretches of polyglutamine encoded by repeats of the trinucleotide CAG. Expansion of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) has been correlated with the incidence and severity of X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease). In order to understand the relationship of this mutation to AR function, we constructed ARs that varied in the position and size of the polyglutamine tract, and assayed for the abilities of these mutant receptors to bind androgen and to activate transcription of several different AR-responsive reporter genes. Elimination of the tract in both human and rat AR resulted in elevated transcriptional activation activity, strongly suggesting that the presence of the polyglutamine tract is inhibitory to transactivation. Progressive expansion of the CAG repeat in human AR caused a linear decrease of transactivation function. Importantly, expansion of the tract did not completely eliminate AR activity. We postulate that this residual AR activity may be sufficient for development of male primary and secondary sex characteristics, but may fall below a threshold level of activity necessary for normal maintenance of motor neuron function. This functional abnormality may be representative of other genetic diseases that are associated with CAG expansion mutations in open reading frames, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type I and Huntington's disease.
Stop That Cell (2002)

As a model for human disease, mice lacking a copy of the Rb tumor suppressor are a distinct failure. For starters, they don't get retinoblastoma. Even patches of eye cells that lack both copies of Rb don't become tumors.

Tyler Jacks (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA) wondered if
High energy green nanosecond and picosecond pulse delivery through a negative curvature fiber for precision micro-machining (2015)

In this paper we present an anti-resonant guiding, low-loss Negative Curvature Fiber (NCF) for the efficient delivery of high energy short (ns) and ultrashort (ps) pulsed laser light in the green spectral region. The fabricated NCF has an attenuation of 0.15 dB/m and 0.18 dB/m at 532 nm and 515 nm respectively, and provided robust transmission of nanosecond and picosecond pulses with energies of 0.57 mJ (10.4 kW peak power) and 30 µJ (5 MW peak power) respectively. It provides single-mode, stable (low bend-sensitivity) output and maintains spectral and temporal properties of the source laser beam. The practical application of fiber-delivered pulses has been demonstrated in precision micro-machining and marking of metals and glass.
TGF‐β1 down‐regulates inflammatory cytokine‐induced VCAM‐1 expression in cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (2000)

These results show that TGF-beta(1) down-regulates the inflammatory cytokine-induced expression of VCAM-1 in human glomerular endothelial cells, which could be a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of TGF-beta(1) during the inflammatory processes in human glomerular diseases.
Regulation of histone deacetylase 4 and 5 and transcriptional activity by 14-3- 3-dependent cellular localization (2000)

Transcription is controlled in part by the dynamic acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins. The latter process is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Previous analysis of the regulation of HDAC activity in transcription has focused primarily on the recruitment of HDAC proteins to specific promoters or chromosomal domains by association with DNA-binding proteins. To characterize the cellular function of the recently identified HDAC4 and HDAC5 proteins, complexes were isolated by immunoprecipitation. Both HDACs were found to interact with14-3-3 proteins at three phosphorylation sites. The association of 14-3-3 with HDAC4 and HDAC5 results in the sequestration of these proteins in the cytoplasm. Loss of this interaction allows HDAC4 and HDAC5 to translocate to the nucleus, interact with HDAC3, and repress gene expression. Regulation of the cellular localization of HDAC4 and HDAC5 by 14-3-3 represents a mechanism for controlling the transcriptional activity of these class II HDAC proteins.
An epitope on carcinoembryonic antigen defined by the clinically relevant antibody PR1A3. (1994)

The monoclonal antibody PR1A3 has been used successfully for in vivo imaging of colorectal cancers, and several properties associated with this antibody, including minimal reactions of the antibody with circulating antigen in patients' sera, differentiate it from anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies used in similar studies. However, the antigen bound by PR1A3 was identified as CEA by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and by antigen expression from yeast artificial chromosomes, cosmids, and cDNA clones. The molecular weight, presence of a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor, elevation of surface expression by gamma-interferon, and N-terminal amino acid sequence all confirmed the antigen identification as CEA. A series of biliary glycoprotein-CEA hybrid proteins was produced which demonstrated that the epitope bound by the antibody was at the site of membrane attachment and involved parts of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor and the B3 domain of CEA to form a conformational epitope. Access to this epitope, although possible when the antigen was on the cell surface, appeared to be blocked when CEA was released from the cell. The nature and location of the epitope on CEA are proposed to be responsible for the unique properties of the antibody.