gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lutropins appear to contact two independent sites in the extracellular domain of their receptors (1998)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and bovine lutropin (bLH), a hormone chemically more similar to most mammalian lutropins than hCG, interact with the extracellular domains of their gonadal lutropin receptors (LHRs). These portions of the rat and human LHRs are 85% identical and both receptors bind hCG with high, albeit not identical, affinity. However, at least 1000-fold more bLH is required to inhibit binding of radiolabelled hCG to the human LHR than to the rat LHR, a phenomenon that proved useful for identifying regions of the extracellular domain that contact lutropins. Previous studies using truncated receptors and lutropin/follitropin receptor chimaeras localized most, if not all, high-affinity ligand contacts to the N-terminal three-fifths of the rat LHR extracellular domain. We report here that 10-fold more bLH was needed to inhibit binding of labelled hCG to rat/human LHR chimaeras containing the N-terminal three-fifths of the human LHR extracellular domain than to the rat LHR. Unexpectedly, 100-fold more bLH was required to inhibit binding of labelled hCG to chimaeras containing the C-terminal one-fifth of the human LHR extracellular domain than to the rat LHR. The ability of the C-terminal portion of the human LHR extracellular domain to inhibit bLH binding suggests this region of the receptor also contacts the ligand even though it is not needed for ligand binding. The extracellular domains of all the glycoprotein hormone receptors are thought to be horseshoe-shaped, a consequence of their leucine-rich repeat motifs. Portions of the ligand that become located within the cavity created by the concave surface of the horseshoe would have the opportunity to contact residues in the C-terminal portion of the extracellular domain. Changes to the ligand or receptor that influence this interaction would be expected to alter binding and confound efforts to identify residues in key ligand-receptor contacts.
Mining the search trails of surfing crowds (2008)

The paper proposes identifying relevant information sources from the history of combined searching and browsing behavior of many Web users. While it has been previously shown that user interactions with search engines can be employed to improve document ranking, browsing behavior that occurs beyond search result pages has been largely overlooked in prior work. The paper demonstrates that users' post-search browsing activity strongly reflects implicit endorsement of visited pages, which allows estimating topical relevance of Web resources by mining large-scale datasets of search trails. We present heuristic and probabilistic algorithms that rely on such datasets for suggesting authoritative websites for search queries. Experimental evaluation shows that exploiting complete post-search browsing trails outperforms alternatives in isolation (e.g., clickthrough logs), and yields accuracy improvements when employed as a feature in learning to rank for Web search.
Generation of Bispecific and Tandem Diabodies (2009)

Conventionally, antibody phage display has been used to isolate recombinant antibodies that are monovalent in their interaction with target antigens. These antibodies can be reengineered for expression in mammalian cell culture as full-length, monospecific immunoglobulins. An emerging branch of research has sought to generate bivalent recombinant antibodies by manipulating the length of the linker separating heavy- and light-chain variable domains in single-chain Fv proteins, thereby promoting inter-scFv interaction and the formation of "diabodies." With careful control, this can generate scFv-based proteins able to bind two very distinct targets, "bispecific diabodies." Further manipulation enables the assembly of higher-order complexes.
Quorum sensing and quorum-quenching enzymes. (2005)

To gain maximal benefit in a competitive environment, single-celled bacteria have adopted a community genetic regulatory mechanism, known as quorum sensing (QS). Many bacteria use QS signaling systems to synchronize target gene expression and coordinate biological activities among a local population. N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are one family of the well-characterized QS signals in Gram-negative bacteria, which regulate a range of important biological functions, including virulence and biofilm formation. Several groups of AHL-degradation enzymes have recently been identified in a range of living organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. Expression of these enzymes in AHL-dependent pathogens and transgenic plants efficiently quenches the microbial QS signaling and blocks pathogenic infections. Discovery of these novel quorum quenching enzymes has not only provided a promising means to control bacterial infections, but also presents new challenges to investigate their roles in host organisms and their potential impacts on ecosystems.
Frequent Mutation of the PI3K Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Defines Predictive Biomarkers (2013)

Genomic findings underscore the heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Identification of mutations that predict therapeutic response would be a major advance. We determined the mutationally altered, targetable mitogenic pathways in a large HNSCC cohort. Analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 151 tumors revealed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway to be the most frequently mutated oncogenic pathway (30.5%). PI3K pathway-mutated HNSCC tumors harbored a significantly higher rate of mutations in known cancer genes. In a subset of human papillomavirus-positive tumors, PIK3CA or PIK3R1 was the only mutated cancer gene. Strikingly, all tumors with concurrent mutation of multiple PI3K pathway genes were advanced (stage IV), implicating concerted PI3K pathway aberrations in HNSCC progression. Patient-derived tumorgrafts with canonical and noncanonical PIK3CA mutations were sensitive to an mTOR/PI3K inhibitor (BEZ-235), in contrast to PIK3CA-wild-type tumorgrafts. These results suggest that PI3K pathway mutations may serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment selection.
CD1 Recognition by Mouse NK1 + T Lymphocytes (1995)

Rare major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like CD1-specific T cells have been isolated from human blood, but it has not been determined whether these clones are part of a defined subset of CD1-specific T cells selected during T cell development, or whether their recognition of CD1 is a fortuitous cross-reaction. In mice, an entire subset of alpha beta thymocytes with a unique phenotype was found to be CD1-specific. This particular subset, and its human counterpart, provide evidence that CD1 has a general role in selecting and interacting with specialized alpha beta T cells.
Lymphangiomyomatosis with chylous ascites.Treatment with dietary fat restriction and medium chain triglycerides (1977)

Lymphangiomyomyoma is a tumor of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes, clinically manifested by recurrent chylous pleural effusions and ascites. The disease is usually progressive and unresponsive to surgery, chemotherapy, or irradiation. A case of lymphangiomyomatosis in a 24-year-old woman who presented with chylous ascites is described. The patient was treated with dietary fat restriction supplemented with medium chain triglycerides and has remained free of recurrent effusions for 2 years.
Recent technological developments on LGAD and iLGAD detectors for tracking and timing applications (2016)

This paper reports the latest technological development on the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) concept, commonly used in optical and X-ray detection applications, including an internal multiplication of the charge generated by radiation. The multiplication is inherent to the basic n ++ –p + –p structure, where the doping profile of the p + layer is optimized to achieve high field and high impact ionization at the junction.\n\nThe LGAD structures are optimized for applications such as tracking or timing detectors for high energy physics experiments or medical applications where time resolution lower than 30 ps is required. Detailed TCAD device simulations together with the electrical and charge collection measurements are presented through this work.
Wide band-gap silicon-carbon alloys deposited by very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2004)

The use of very high frequency (VHF) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition in a capacitive discharge is investigated to fabricate hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon alloys, using silane and methane as silicon and carbon precursors, respectively, and hydrogen dilution of the gas mixture. The properties of samples differ significantly from that is normally observed for rf deposition. A wide band-gap material is obtained, with a carbon ratio ranging from 0.2 to 0.63. An energy gap up to 3.4eV is measured, indicating a large sp3 content. The most interesting properties are observed using 90% hydrogen dilution and 350°C as substrate temperature. In this case, a SiC bond concentration up to 6×1022cm−3 was measured for stoichiometric samples, associated to a highly crosslinked structure and no detectable SiCH3 bending signal. The role of hydrogen in determining the optical properties of the film is established and is shown to affect mainly the valence electron concentration. Based on the free energy model, hydrogen bonding is observed to lie in between a random and chemically ordered configuration. The results are obtained at a deposition rate much larger than both rf and electron cyclotron resonance deposition, and are associated to a limited gas consumption, both aspects being advantageous for practical applications. The large SiC bond concentration, associated to a limited silicon and carbon hydrogenation, makes the VHF deposited a-SiC:H a good starting material for subsequent crystallization.
Electromagnetic Field, Health and Environment:Proceedings of EHE'07 (2008)

Electromagnetic Field, Health and Environment mirrors the image of the EHE'07 conference which attracted people investigating the phenomenon of interaction of electromagnetic field and biological objects. This book tries to enlighten the problem with the use of scientifically founded facts kept within methodological discipline. The particular targets of the book can be briefly summarized as reviewing, presenting and discussing innovations in computer modeling, measurement and simulation of bioelectromagnetic phenomena, analyzing physical and biological aspects of bioelectromagnetic phenomena, and discussing environmental safety and policy issues as well as relevant international standards.The book is divided into five chapters of which the first three chapters deal with the electromagnetic field in combination with environment, health and biology respectively. The fourth chapter focuses on computer simulation in bioelectromagnetics, whereas the fifth chapter sees to the electromagnetic field in policy and standards. An additional three contributions are included: the first contribution shows the brief essay on Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in which the occasion of his birth 150 years ago is celebrated. The second summarizes the long-lasting research in magnetic stimulation and bioimaging and the third one considers some theoretical aspects of electromagnetic field.
Codes for DNA sequence profiles (2015)

We consider the problem of storing information on synthetic DNA media and associated coding paradigms. The focal question of our analysis it how to construct and enumerate sequences that may be discriminated based on their collection of substrings observed through two types of noisy sequencing channels. In particular, we consider DNA sequences with balanced GC content, needed for chemical stability and desirable hybridization properties. We show that restricted de Bruijn graphs and Ehrhart theory for rational polytopes provide a suitable framework for studying such combinatorial questions.
Investigating the role of the interleukin-23/-17A axis in rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

These results suggest that although IL-23 may have pathogenic activity in a proportion of patients with late-stage RA, it is not abundantly produced in this inflammatory tissue, nor does it have a dominant role in all patient tissues analysed.
Chip test optimization using defect clustering information (2003)

The authors recently proposed an adaptive wafer-probe testing approach which used defect clustering information on the wafer to optimize die test cost and quality. They show that this information can also be captured and used to optimize the testing of packaged chips. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is analyzed for negative binomial defect statistics. The results show that a three- to five-fold improvement in defect levels can be easily obtained for the same test costs. It is also possible to separate out chips with defect levels over an order of magnitude better than the best possible method without using defect clustering information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CRC Handbook of Alternative Cash Crops (1993)

LIST of PLANTS: African Oilpalm Allspice Aloe American Oilpalm Annatto Avocado Balsam-of-Peru Balsam-of-Tolu Banana Passion-Fruit Banana, Plantain Barbados-Cherry Barbasco Bean Benzoin Bilimbi Black Pepper Brazilnut Breadnut Caahee Cabbage Cacao Cajeut Camphor Candelilla Carambola Cardamom Carrot Castor Bean Chilean Strawberry Cinnamon Cironella Grass Citron Cloves Coconut Coffee Cola Cola Copaiba Cube Cucumber Custard-Apple Derris Diesel Tree European Strawberry Fig Fish-Poison Garlic Giant Granadilla Ginger Grape Grapefruit Green Strophanthes Henna Hot Pepper Ipecac Jerusalem Artichoke Jojoba Kenaf Kiwi Lemon Leren Leucaena Lime Macadamia Mango Mangosteen Manioc Melon Miraculous-Berry Mountain Soursop Muskokra Neem Nicou Nutmeg Okra Onion Papaya Patchouly Peanut Pepper Peppermint Persian Lime Pigeonpea Pineapple Pixbay Potato Yam Pummelo Purple Granadilla Pyrethrum Quinine Roselle Rosha Grass Rubber Rubber Ryania Saigon Cinnamon, Cassia Sarsaparilla Serendipity-Berry Sisal Sodom Apple Sour Orange Soursop Soybean Squash Star Anise Strychnine Sugar-Apple Sunflower Sweet Orange Sweet Potato Tamarind Tangerine Tea Tephrosia Tonka Tree Tomato Tuba Turmeric Vanilla Vetiver Virginia Strawberry W.I. Lemongrass Watermelon Wax Palm Winged Bean Yam Bean Ylang-Ylang
Submicron Fluorescence, Topology, and Compliance Measurements of Phase-Separated Lipid Monolayers Using Tapping-Mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (1997)

Tapping-mode near-field scanning optical microscopy (TM-NSOM) is used to probe the structure and compliance properties of phase separated l-α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid monolayers doped with 1,1‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (diIC18) fluorescent dye. Near-field fluorescence images of monolayers deposited in the solid condensed/liquid condensed coexistence region reveal a threadlike network of liquid condensed lipid connecting the larger liquid condensed domains. Simultaneously collected TM-NSOM topology images of the lipid monolayer show small height differences of 5 Å between the two lipid phases. Sample compliance measurements taken by monitoring the phase of the TM-NSOM tip resonance show that the two lipid phases exhibit distinctly different mechanical properties. Comparison of the near-field fluorescence, topography, and compliance measurements on DPPC monolayers reveals structures suggestive of the presence of lipid microdomains.
Erfahrungen mit Jodostarin „Roche” bei der Behandlung der Syphilis (1913)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Non-invasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the USA and many other parts of the world. Its prevalence continues to rise; currently affecting about one in four adults and 10% of children in the USA. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of conditions ranging from fatty liver, which in general follows a benign, no-progressive clinical course, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more serious form of NAFLD that may progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Currently, the diagnosis of NASH requires an invasive liver biopsy with drawbacks of sampling and interpretation error. Clinical risk factors for NASH include diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; however, these are not sufficiently predictive of the condition by themselves. Routine liver enzyme levels are not reliable; however, novel plasma hepatocyte cell death markers either alone or in combination with clinical risk factors are potential non-invasive diagnostic tools for the future. This review provides a concise overview of the role non-invasive diagnostic tools for the differentiation of fatty liver from NASH as well as for the determination of presence and extent of fibrosis.
High Optical Polarization in Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources (1989)

We have made a polarimetric survey of 84 quasi-stellar objects, to supplement published polarization measurements for two samples of quasars identified with flat-spectrum (core-dominant) radio sources in 5 GHz surveys made at Bonn (Kühr 1980) and at the VLA (Perley 1982). The observations were made using the McDonald 2.1m Struve reflector and the polarimeter described by Breger (1979); the typical accuracy is 0.5% for an 18 mag object after half an hour. Earlier surveys, such as those by Stockman, Moore and Angel (1984), included objects of various radio spectral types, and only a small fraction of the objects showed high polarization (&gt; 3%), but our sample of flat-spectrum quasars reveals many more (about half) of the objects to be highly polarized. Some of them are, expectedly, of the BL Lac class, but many of them have strong broad emission lines. There are two striking correlations among the results: (1) The degree of polarization is strongly correlated with the dominance of the radio core - specifically, with the ratio, R, of core to lobe luminosity (Fig. 1). For example, about 75% of the objects with log R &gt; 1.25 and redshift z &lt; 1 have p &gt; 3%. This relation implies that if the radio core radiation is beamed, as seems likely, then so is the optical synchrotron component. (2) The fraction of objects with p &gt; 3% is inversely correlated with redshift (e.g. Fig. 2). The most likely interpretation of this result is that quasars' degree of polarization decreases with decreasing rest wavelength, and the shorter wavelengths are shifted into our wide observational passband at higher redshifts.
Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma & Platelet-Rich Fibrin with and without Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 on Repairing Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects in Knees of Rabbits. (2016)

Our results indicate that implantation of PRF scaffold containing SDF1 led to the greatest evaluation scores of full-thickness lesions in rabbits.
Differential expression of KvLQT1 isoforms across the human ventricular wall (2000)

Long Q-T mutant (KvLQT1) K(+) channels associate with their regulatory subunit IsK to produce the slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium (I(Ks)) cardiac current. The amplitude of KvLQT1 current depends on the expression of a KvLQT1 splice variant (isoform 2) that exerts strong dominant negative effects on the full-length KvLQT1 protein (isoform 1). We used RNase protection assays to determine the relative expression of KvLQT1 isoforms 1 and 2 and IsK mRNAs in human ventricular layers. Overall expression of KvLQT1 and IsK genes was similar in the three layers. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio between KvLQT1 isoforms 1 and 2. Isoform 2 represented 25.2 +/- 2.3%, 31.7 +/- 1.2%, and 24.9 +/- 1.7% of total KvLQT1 expression in left ventricular endocardial, midmyocardial, and epicardial tissues, respectively. Similar data were obtained from right ventricular samples. COS-7 cells were intranuclearly injected with KvLQT1 isoforms 1 or 2 plus IsK cDNAs, using two different isoform 2-to-isoform 1 ratios. Cells injected with an isoform 2-to-isoform 1 ratio mimicking that in the midmyocardium showed a K(+) current with approximately 75% reduced amplitude compared with those injected with a ratio mimicking that in the epicardium. Our results suggest that differential expression of KvLQT1 isoform 2 in endocardial, midmyocardial, and epicardial tissues is responsible for differential I(Ks) amplitude and contributes to the regional action potential heterogeneity observed across the ventricular wall.
Detection of Neisseria meningitidis group A, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in cerebrospinal fluid specimens by antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (1984)

Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was compared to coagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the detection of meningococcal, Haemophilus, and pneumococcal antigens. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 1 ng of purified meningococcal and Haemophilus polysaccharides per ml and 5 ng of pneumococcal polysaccharide per ml; coagglutination detected 20, 25, and 30 ng/ml, respectively, of these polysaccharides; and counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected 10, 50, and 60 ng/ml. Double-antibody sandwich-antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which employed antibodies produced in two animal species, differentiated 100% of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from meningococcal meningitis patients and 95% of the CSFs from Haemophilus patients from heterologous control CSFs. Double-antibody sandwich procedures, which use the same antiserum preparation for coating the wells of microtiter plates and for alkaline phosphatase-conjugated immunoglobulin, differentiated meningococcal CSFs from control specimens but were unable to effectively differentiate the Haemophilus or pneumococcal specimens from control CSFs. Coagglutination detected specific antigen in 92% of the meningococcal CSFs, 80% of the Haemophilus CSFs, and 92% of the pneumococcal specimens. The comparable percentages for counterimmunoelectrophoresis were 76, 95, and 71%.