gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability Analysis of DSRC Wireless Communication for Vehicle Safety Applications (2006)

The 802.11-p based dedicated short range communication (DSRC) is being seriously considered as a promising wireless technology for enhancing transportation safety and highway efficiency. However, to-date, there is very little research done in characterizing the reliability of DSRC communication based on real-world experimental data, and its effect on the reliability of vehicle safety applications. Our experimental set-up includes a fleet of three vehicles equipped with DSRC communication system, GPS receiver and a number of vehicle safety applications based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. This paper analyzes the link-level behavior of DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a wide variety of traffic environments based on real-world experimental data. In addition, we also characterize the application level reliability of DSRC for vehicle safety communication (VSC) system. Based on our experiments, we show that the reliability of DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle communication is adequate since packet drops do not occur in bursts most of the time. We also show that the application level reliability of VSC applications based on DSRC communication is quite satisfactory. Finally, we develop an analytical model to relate application level reliability with communication reliability and VSC system parameter, laying out a clear way to improve reliability of VSC applications under harsh traffic environments. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to characterize the application-level reliability of DSRC communication for VSC applications based on real-world experimental data. Our findings develop a deep insight into significant characteristics of DSRC communication for highly mobile vehicle-to-vehicle wireless network, which will contribute to better design and evaluation of communication protocols for VSC applications in the future
Inhibition of Cyclo-oxygenase Attenuates the Metabolic Response to Endotoxin in Humans (1988)

Acute infection initiates fever, acute-phase changes, and catabolic responses in the host, resulting in weight loss, hypermetabolism, and accelerated proteolysis. To test the hypothesis that cyclo-oxygenase inhibition might attenuate these responses, we administered Escherichia coli endotoxin intravenously to seven normal volunteers and to seven additional subjects pretreated with a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (ibuprofen). Control studies were also performed following administration of saline and ibuprofen alone. Vital signs, metabolic rate, and concentrations of pituitary and stress hormones, as well as those of other substrates, were serially measured. Endotoxin administration produced a response similar to an acute illness, with flulike symptoms, fever, tachycardia, increased metabolic rate, and stimulation of stress hormone release. These changes were markedly attenuated by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. The leukocytosis, hypoferremia, and elevation of the C-reactive protein level induced by endotoxin were unaffected by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. These data indicate that activation of the cyclooxygenase pathway is necessary to produce many of the metabolic changes observed during critical illness.
Androgen deprivation of the PC-310 [correction of prohormone convertase-310] human prostate cancer model system induces neuroendocrine differentiation. (2000)

Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are androgen-independent cells and secrete growth-modulating neuropeptides via a regulated secretory pathway (RSP). We studied NE differentiation after androgen withdrawal in the androgen-dependent prostate cancer xenograft PC-310. Expression patterns of chromogranin A, secretogranin III, and prohormone convertase-1 were analyzed at both protein and mRNA level to mark the kinetics of NE differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. PC-310 tumor-bearing nude mice were killed at 0, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days postcastration. PC-310C cultures initiated from collagenase-treated tumor tissue could be maintained up to four passages, and androgen-deprivation experiments were performed similarly. PC-310 tumor volumes decreased by 50% in 10 days postcastration. Proliferative activity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels decreased to zero postcastration, whereas PSA levels in PC-310C culture media first decreased and subsequently increased after 5 days. In vivo, androgen receptor (AR) expression decreased initially but returned to control level from 5 days postcastration on. CgA, secretogranin III, and secretogranin V expression increased in vivo from 5 days postcastration on. Subsequently, prohormone convertase-1 and peptidyl alpha-amidating monooxygenase as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor were expressed from 7 days postcastration on, and, finally, growth factors such as gastrin-releasing peptide and serotonin were expressed in a small part of the NE cells 21 days postcastration. The PC-310 tumors did not show colocalization of the AR on the NE cells in the tumor residues after 21 days. As in the PC-310 xenograft, NE differentiation was induced and AR expression relapsed after prolonged androgen suppression in PC-310C. For PC-310C cells, this relapse was associated with the secretion of PSA. PC-310C is the first culture of human prostatic cancer cells having the NE phenotype. The PC-310 model system is a potential androgen-dependent model for studying the role of NE cells in the progression of clinical prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation of NE-differentiated prostate cancer may induce the formation of both NE- and AR-positive dormant tumor residues, capable of actively producing NE growth factors via a RSP, possibly leading to hormone refractory disease.
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury and preconditioning (2003)

There appears to be a controversy in the study of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning whether nitric oxide (NO) plays a protective or detrimental role. A number of findings and the interpretation of the results to date do not support such a controversy. An understanding of the latest developments in NO, superoxide (O(2)(-)*) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) biology, as well as the various ischaemic animal models utilized is necessary to resolve the apparent controversy. NO is an important cardioprotective molecule via its vasodilator, antioxidant, antiplatelet, and antineutrophil actions and it is essential for normal heart function. However, NO is detrimental if it combines with O(2)(-)* to form ONOO(-) which rapidly decomposes to highly reactive oxidant species. There is a critical balance between cellular concentrations of NO, O(2)(-)*, and superoxide dismutase which physiologically favour NO production but in pathological conditions such as ischaemia and reperfusion result in ONOO(-) formation. In contrast, exposure of the heart to brief episode(s) of ischaemia markedly enhances its ability to withstand a subsequent ischaemic injury. The triggering of this endogenous cardioprotective mechanism known as preconditioning requires both NO and O(2)(-)* synthesis. However, preconditioning in turn attenuates the overproduction of NO, O(2)(-)* and ONOO(-) during a subsequent episode of ischaemia and reperfusion, thereby protecting the heart. Here we review the roles of NO, O(2)(-)*, and ONOO(-) in both ischaemia-reperfusion injury and preconditioning.
A Role for the Endothelium in Vascular Calcification (2013)

Our data suggest that the endothelium is a source of osteoprogenitor cells in vascular calcification that occurs in disorders with high BMP activation, such as deficiency of BMP-inhibitors and diabetes mellitus.
Quantitative structure–activity studies of insect growth regulators: XVIII. Effects of substituents on the aromatic moiety of dibenzoylhydrazines on larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (2001)

Larvicidal activity against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) was measured for a series of N-tert-butyl-dibenzoylhydrazines having various substituents on the benzoyl (A-ring) moiety nearer to the tert-butyl group, with the other benzoyl (B-ring) moiety being unsubstituted. The effects of these substituent on the larvicidal activity were analyzed using classical quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) procedures. The effects of substituents on the A-ring moiety on larvicidal activity were entirely different from those against the lepidopteran rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) previously reported. Position-specific steric and hydrophobic effects, as well as certain substitution patterns, were likely to participate in modifying the larvicidal activity. The activity of para-substituted compounds was generally lower than that of un-, ortho- and meta-substituted compounds. Most multi-substituted compounds showed an activity equivalent to or lower than that of the unsubstituted compound. Among 46 compounds tested, the 2-sec-butoxy analogue was most potent against L decemlineata, although this compound had previously been shown to be only weakly active against C suppressalis.
Neural Losses Correlated with Visual Losses in Clinical Perimetry (2004)

With retinal eccentricity as a factor, the neural losses from glaucoma are predictable from visual sensitivity measurements by clinical perimetry. The relationships derived from experimental glaucoma in monkeys also accurately predict the rate of age-related losses of retinal ganglion cells in humans, based on the normative perimetry data for age-related reductions in visual sensitivity. The success of the model in this study suggested that it is potentially applicable to the clinical interpretation of the state of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Rational Design of Transition-State Analogues as Potent Enzyme Inhibitors with Therapeutic Applications (2007)

The structures of the transition states for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed ribosyl group transfer reactions, determined by computational evaluation of multiple tritium and heavy atom kinetic isotope effects on these enzymatic reactions, have been found to show a considerable variation in the extent of bond cleavage at the ribosyl anomeric carbon. The calculated transition-state structures have been used to guide the design of high-affinity transition-state analogue inhibitors for 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases with potential as therapeutic agents.
In vivo induction of CTL responses by recombinant adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis carrying viral CD8+ T cell epitopes (1996)

Exogenous Ags enter the endosomal pathway and are presented to CD4+ T cells in association with class II molecules whereas endogenously synthesized Ags, such as viral proteins, are presented to CD8+ T cells in association with MHC class I molecules. Therefore, most CTL activation strategies use live vectors although an alternative possibility could be to deliver the epitope into the cytosol by targeting it to an invasive nonreplicative vector. The adenylate cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis is able to invade a large number of eukaryotic cells and to deliver its catalytic domain to the cytosol of the cells. In the present study, we have tested the in vivo immunogenicity of recombinant adenylate cyclase toxins expressing CTL epitopes either from the nucleoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or from the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120. BALB/c mice immunized with these toxins developed high specific CTL responses that were shown to be mediated by class I-restricted CD8+ CTL. The induction of CTL responses by recombinant toxins did not require CD4+ T cells and the cytotoxic activity persisted 2 mo after immunization. The activation of CTL responses by the recombinant adenylate cyclase toxin required the full-length invasive activity of the toxin but did not depend upon its catalytic adenylate cyclase activity as demonstrated with a genetically inactivated recombinant toxin expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitope. This genetically detoxified invasive toxin represents, therefore, an attractive new vector for CTL activation.
Rapid high-yield expression of full-size IgG antibodies in plants coinfected with noncompeting viral vectors (2006)

Plant viral vectors allow expression of heterologous proteins at high yields, but so far, they have been unable to express heterooligomeric proteins efficiently. We describe here a rapid and indefinitely scalable process for high-level expression of functional full-size mAbs of the IgG class in plants. The process relies on synchronous coinfection and coreplication of two viral vectors, each expressing a separate antibody chain. The two vectors are derived from two different plant viruses that were found to be noncompeting. Unlike vectors derived from the same virus, noncompeting vectors effectively coexpress the heavy and light chains in the same cell throughout the plant body, resulting in yields of up to 0.5 g of assembled mAbs per kg of fresh-leaf biomass. This technology allows production of gram quantities of mAbs for research purposes in just several days, and the same protocol can be used on an industrial scale in situations requiring rapid response, such as pandemic or terrorism events.
Mathematical modeling in medicine: A means, not an end* (2005)

Critical Care Medicine: January 2005 - Volume 33 - Issue 1 - p 253 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000150753.86953.10
Synthesis of C‐2 Taxol Analogues (1994)

Nucleophilic ring opening of cyclic carbonates 1 leads regioselectively to the less substituted ester 2. Moreover, for molecules with several carbonyl groups the reaction is chemoselective: In a taxol precursor the carbonate group and not one of the three additional carbonyl groups was attacked; the resulting esters were converted into taxol analogues that displayed differing cytotoxicities.
Asynchronous parallel discrete event simulation (1996)

Complex models may have model components distributed over a network and generally require significant execution times. The field of parallel and distributed simulation has grown over the past fifteen years to accommodate the need of simulating the complex models using a distributed versus sequential method. In particular, asynchronous parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) has been widely studied, and yet we envision greater acceptance of this methodology as more readers are exposed to PDES introductions that carefully integrate real-world applications. With this in mind, we present two key methodologies (conservative and optimistic) which have been adopted as solutions to PDES systems. We discuss PDES terminology and methodology under the umbrella of the personal communications services application.
Analysis and design of a multi-band phased array using multi-feed dipole elements (2002)

Multifrequency-band phased array antennas are needed for airborne, shipboard, and ground based radar, communication, and EW applications. Such arrays can provide simultaneous, independently-scanned beams for multi-function operations. We have developed a multi-band phased array aperture which utilizes co-planar dipoles with multiple-feed ports to achieve a different effective dipole length for each operating frequency band. The basic geometry is shown. The radiating elements are connected to multiple excitation ports, where band-pass filters an used to achieve open- or short-circuit behavior at the desired operating frequency. Several frequency-selective ground screen layers may be placed behind the radiating layer to improve the match. The principle of operation is shown, using a dual-band cast as an example. In this simple dual-band case, both frequency bands of operation share a common solid ground plane. The analysis of this infinite array of multi-feed dipoles over a ground plane is given. An aperture design for tri-band operation is presented, together with the verification by waveguide simulator experiments. A parametric study of various ground screen effects is also summarized.
The Teaching of Cataloging (1987)

This paper examines library literature concerning the conflict in teaching cataloging, between education for librarianship and training for specific tasks performed in the library. The literature reflects fundamental trends in library education; balance between theory and practice, evolution from apprenticeship to graduate school and the role of cataloging in curricula. It has concerned six issues; practitioners as educators, differentiation of professional duties, centralization and cooperation, development of cataloging codes, technological change and anticipated professional functions. A more profound corollary issue is also addressed. Training prepares for the current environment; education prepares for change. The literature presents a dichotomous view, seeking resolution by balancing mutually exclusive elements. An historical perspective suggests a dialectical paradigm, a process of continuous interaction between opposing forces which produce a synthesis.
Production of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3α (MIP-3α) (CCL20) and MIP-3β (CCL19) by Human Peripheral Blood Neutrophils in Response to Microbial Pathogens (2002)

Effects of bacterial pathogens on the production of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP-3alpha) and MIP-3beta from human peripheral blood neutrophils were investigated. Neutrophils produced both chemokines by coincubation with either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Neutrophils may initiate antigen-specific immune responses through the release of these chemokines that are capable of promoting selective recruitment of dendritic cells and T-cell subsets.
Double-Layer Graphene Optical Modulator (2012)

Here we report a high-performance double-layer graphene optical modulator. By using two graphene layers and an oxide layer in between to form a p-oxide-n like junction, this modulator operates at 1 GHz with a high modulation depth (~0.16 dB/μm) at a moderate drive voltage (~5 V). Benefited from the symmetrical band structure of graphene near Dirac point, such design eliminates the optical loss widely existing in silicon photonics and has advantages including small footprint, low energy consumption, and low insertion loss.
The Sinorhizobium meliloti stringent response affects multiple aspects of symbiosis (2002)

Sinorhizobium meliloti and host legumes enter into a nitrogen-fixing, symbiotic relationship triggered by an exchange of signals between bacteria and plant. S. meliloti produces Nod factor, which elicits the formation of nodules on plant roots, and succinoglycan, an exopolysaccharide that allows for bacterial invasion and colonization of the host. The biosynthesis of these molecules is well defined, but the specific regulation of these compounds is not completely understood. Bacteria control complex regulatory networks by the production of ppGpp, the effector molecule of the stringent response, which induces physiological change in response to adverse growth conditions and can also control bacterial development and virulence. Through detailed analysis of an S. meliloti mutant incapable of producing ppGpp, we show that the stringent response is required for nodule formation and regulates the production of succinoglycan. Although it remains unknown whether these phenotypes are connected, we have isolated suppressor strains that restore both defects and potentially identify key downstream regulatory genes. These results indicate that the S. meliloti stringent response has roles in both succinoglycan production and nodule formation and, more importantly, that control of bacterial physiology in response to the plant and surrounding environment is critical to the establishment of a successful symbiosis.
Cinnamate-4-Hydroxylase Expression in Arabidopsis (Regulation in Response to Development and the Environment) (1997)

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) is the first Cyt P450-dependent monooxygenase of the phenylpropanoid pathway. To study the expression of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, a C4H cDNA clone from the Arabidopsis expressed sequence tag database was identified and used to isolate its corresponding genomic clone. The entire C4H coding sequence plus 2.9 kb of its promoter were isolated on a 5.4-kb HindIII fragment of this cosmid. Inspection of the promoter sequence revealed the presence of a number of putative regulatory motifs previously identified in the promoters of other phenylpropanoid pathway genes. The expression of C4H was analyzed by RNA blot hybridization analysis and in transgenic Arabidopsis carrying a C4H-beta-glucuronidase transcriptional fusion. C4H message accumulation was light-dependent, but was detectable even in dark-grown seedlings. Consistent with these data, C4H mRNA was accumulated to light-grown levels in etiolated det1-1 mutant seedlings. C4H is widely expressed in various Arabidopsis tissues, particularly in roots and cells undergoing lignification. The C4H-driven beta-glucuronidase expression accurately reflected the tissue-specificity and wound-inducibility of the C4H promoter indicated by RNA blot hybridization analysis. A modest increase in C4H expression was observed in the tt8 mutant of Arabidopsis.
Thermodynamic characterization of the multivalent binding of chartreusin to DNA (2002)

Characterization of the thermodynamics of DNA- drug interactions is a very useful part in rational drug design. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV melting experiments have been used to analyze the multivalent (intercalation plus minor groove) binding of the antitumor antibiotic chartreusin to DNA. Using DNA UV melting studies in the presence of the ligand and the binding enthalpy determined by ITC, we determined that the binding constant for the interaction was 3.6 x 10(5) M(-1) at 20 degrees C, in a solution containing 18 mM Na(+). The DNA-drug interaction was enthalpy driven, with a DeltaH(b) of -7.07 kcal/mol at 20 degrees C. Binding enthalpies were determined by ITC in the 20-35 degrees C range and used to calculate a binding-induced change in heat capacity (DeltaCp) of -391 cal/mol K. We have obtained a detailed thermodynamic profile for the interaction of this multivalent drug, which makes possible a dissection of DeltaG(obs) into the component free energy terms. The hydrophobic transfer of the chartreusin chromophore from the solution to the DNA intercalating site is the main contributor to the free energy of binding.
Targeted Nanoparticles That Deliver a Sustained, Specific Release of Paclitaxel to Irradiated Tumors (2010)

To capitalize on the response of tumor cells to XRT, we developed a controlled-release nanoparticle drug delivery system using a targeting peptide that recognizes a radiation-induced cell surface receptor. Phage display biopanning identified Gly-Ile-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly (GIRLRG) as a peptide that selectively recognizes tumors responding to XRT. Membrane protein extracts of irradiated glioma cells identified glucose-regulated protein GRP78 as the receptor target for GIRLRG. Antibodies to GRP78 blocked the binding of GIRLRG in vitro and in vivo. Conjugation of GIRLRG to a sustained-release nanoparticle drug delivery system yielded increased paclitaxel concentration and apoptosis in irradiated breast carcinomas for up to 3 weeks. Compared with controls, a single administration of the GIRLRG-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery system to irradiated tumors delayed the in vivo tumor tripling time by 55 days (P = 0.0001) in MDA-MB-231 and 12 days in GL261 (P < 0.005). This targeting agent combines a novel recombinant peptide with a paclitaxel-encapsulating nanoparticle that specifically targets irradiated tumors, increasing apoptosis and tumor growth delay in a manner superior to known chemotherapy approaches.