gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Transcripts Induced by Androgen Withdrawal and Apoptotic Cell Death in the Rat Ventral Prostate (1991)

A variety of stimuli have been identified which initiate transcription-dependent programmed cell death (apoptosis) in specific target cells. Since the withdrawal of androgens induces regression and apoptosis in rat ventral prostate (RVP) epithelial cells, and it is known that the androgen receptor is a transcriptional regulator, we used subtraction cDNA cloning to isolate differentially expressed transcripts from the RVP of androgen ablated rats. In addition to sulfated glycoprotein-2 and glutathione S-transferase (GST), which had been previously described, several other transcripts were found to be elevated 3- to 8-fold in the regressing RVP. DNA sequencing revealed that two of these cDNA clones encode matrix carboxyglutamic acid and gamma-actin, respectively. A third cDNA contained novel sequence information and was named RVP.1. The RVP.1 transcript is expressed at very low levels in the RVP and epididymis of normal adult rats (less than 0.01% of the total mRNA) and is undetectable in other tissues, such as kidney, liver, and muscle. RVP.1 encodes a putative 280-amino acid protein, which shares no significant homology with previously described protein functional domains. We examined the expression of these transcripts in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells to determine whether any of them are elevated in cells that are growth arrested. It was found that only GST mRNA levels are increased under these conditions. These data may suggest that induction of some genes, such as RVP.1, could be associated with apoptosis, whereas other transcripts, such as GST, may be up-regulated in response to altered rates of cellular metabolism.
Expression Analysis of the Ligands for the Natural Killer Cell Receptors NKp30 and NKp44 (2007)

These data demonstrate the ubiquitous expression of the ligands for NKp30 and NKp44 and give an important insight into the regulation of these ligands.
Synthesis and structure of an imido-tethered Schrock carbene of molybdenumElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthetic details for the generation of 2-(3,3-dimethypent-4-enyl)aniline (1) and the tethered molybdenum carbene 4. Tables for the X-ray diffraction study on 4. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/dt/b3/b311320p/ (2003)

An 8-membered molybdenum azametallacycle, where a MoC bond and a MoN bond are linked, incorporating two triflate co-ligands has been synthesized and structurally characterized.
In search of the future of air traffic control (1997)

Despite 16 years of effort and the expenditure of billions of dollars, the US air traffic control system still sorely needs to be updated. This paper examines what has been done, and what still remains on the horizon. In particular the paper discusses High Desert Tracon, one of the 185 civilian terminal radar approach control facilities under the aegis of the FAA in the US air traffic control system, the tracking of military aircraft, and the advanced automation system. The paper also discusses the future of air traffic control including the Center-Tracon Automation System, and the free flight concept.
The Family Affinities of Common-Law and Civil-Law Legal Systems (1982)

Common law and civil law are generally regarded as being within the small number of major legal systems in the world today. Recent scholarship has indicated, however, a substantial merger of these two systems. The author shows that although still distinct, common law and civil law are converging members of a single larger legal system, which he terms the Western liberal democratic legal family. Although the similarities between these two branches are numerous, the larger Western liberal legal systems are now dominated by public law.
[Report of the National Oncology Research and Developement Consortium, 2003]. (2004)

Consorcial projects focused on 5 cancer types, breast-, colorectal-, head and neck- and pediatric cancers, and malignant melanoma. Breast cancer studies revealed unique splicing mechanisms concerning BRCA1. In sporadic breast cancers the involvement of DNA-repair genes was proved to be dependent on the histological type. Bone-metastatic tumors have been characterized by decreased NM23 and increased c-met and p53 expressions. C-erbB2 genotype of the primary tumor was not maintained frequently in bone metastases. Application of DNA-microarray and quantitative PCR technologies improved the prediction of therapeutic sensitivity of breast cancers. Colorectal cancer studies revealed regional inhomogenities (clusters) in various geographical regions of Hungary, which were distinct in the case of colonic and rectal cancers. To increase the sensitivity of fecal blood test of colorectal cancer screening, a new double-antibody test was developed and tested in a large cohort of patients. Genetic analysis revealed that hypermethylation is a significant factor in microsatellite instability which, and plays a role in silencing of APC and E-cadherin genes as well. The Hungarian pattern of TS polymorphism was also determined and was correlated not only with the efficacy of 5-FU treatment but with the progression of the disease as well. Population-based studies have been carried out in head and neck cancer patients (HNC) and smokers as well to reveal the genetic background of increasing tumor incidence. These studies revealed polymorphism in XRCC1/3 methylation enzyme gene which has preventive role. Other studies found frequent local immunosuppression in HNC patients. Studies indicated that the success of irradiation in this cancer type is dependent on the anti-vascular effects. Pediatric cancer studies determined the parameters of neuroblastoma screening based on VMA measurements. New splice variants of the WT1 gene involved in the monitoring of MRD of ALL patients was also described this year. We also obtained positive experimental data for the retinoic acid therapy of ALL. Melanoma studies extensively used DNA-microarray technology which identified 4 melanoma-specific and 2 melanoma progression-specific genes. In experimental human melanoma xenograft models we have identified 3 anti-metastatic agents: low molecular weight heparin, 2-methoxyestradiol and erythropoietin-alpha, where the later was characterized by specific effects on tumor vasculature.
Advances in brachytherapy. (2004)

During the past 15 years, permanent seed brachytherapy for prostate cancer has advanced significantly in all areas, including patient selection, treatment planning, technique, and technology (eg, seeds stranded in Vicryl suture). These improvements have made transperineal seed implantation an accurate and practical treatment option for men with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease. Because of the evidence that the various treatment options for prostate cancer are likely to be equally successful in terms of long-term cancer control, continuing efforts focus on enhancing the quality of life of implant patients.
E1A signaling to p53 involves the p19ARFtumor suppressor (1998)

The adenovirus E1A oncogene activates p53 through a signaling pathway involving the retinoblastoma protein and the tumor suppressor p19(ARF). The ability of E1A to induce p53 and its transcriptional targets is severely compromised in ARF-null cells, which remain resistant to apoptosis following serum depletion or adriamycin treatment. Reintroduction of p19(ARF) restores p53 accumulation and resensitizes ARF-null cells to apoptotic signals. Therefore, p19(ARF) functions as part of a p53-dependent failsafe mechanism to counter uncontrolled proliferation. Synergistic effects between the p19(ARF) and DNA damage pathways in inducing p53 may contribute to E1A's ability to enhance radio- and chemosensitivity.
Chest and abdominal surface motion measurement for continuous monitoring of respiratory function (2001)

The spirometric devices currently available are not well suited for continuous or ambulatory monitoring of subjects. The proposed solution details a method of assessing lung function that avoids the need for flow measurement at the mouth and provides more detailed information of the dynamics of chest motion while allowing the subject to move freely. The solution to this problem comprises a distributed sensor system that allows regional motions during breathing manoeuvres to be investigated as well as a measurement of tidal respiratory volume. Preliminary studies demonstrate performance benefits of an array of sensors over two-compartment respiratory measurements.
The strength of ties on legitimacy in the different development stages (2014)

In this paper we try to find out the importance of legitimacy across different stages of corporate life cycles. We introduce the concept of ties intensity and develop a conceptual framework showing that at the enterprise's different development stages, how the two different kinds of ties intensity will affect the legitimacy types. Our research is devoted to find out what kind of effect will different development stages have on legitimacy. We find that in enterprise creation period, the strength of market ties has positive effect on the legitimacy, but the strength of government ties has no significant effect on it; In the early growth period of enterprises, the strength of market ties has no significant effect on the legitimacy, but the strength of government ties has positive effect it; In the mature period of the enterprise, the strength of market ties has positive effect on the legitimacy, the strength of government ties has no significant effect on it.
A Model for the Stoichiometric Regulation of Blood Coagulation (2002)

We have developed a model of the extrinsic blood coagulation system that includes the stoichiometric anticoagulants. The model accounts for the formation, expression, and propagation of the vitamin K-dependent procoagulant complexes and extends our previous model by including: (a) the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-mediated inactivation of tissue factor (TF).VIIa and its product complexes; (b) the antithrombin-III (AT-III)-mediated inactivation of IIa, mIIa, factor VIIa, factor IXa, and factor Xa; (c) the initial activation of factor V and factor VIII by thrombin generated by factor Xa-membrane; (d) factor VIIIa dissociation/activity loss; (e) the binding competition and kinetic activation steps that exist between TF and factors VII and VIIa; and (f) the activation of factor VII by IIa, factor Xa, and factor IXa. These additions to our earlier model generate a model consisting of 34 differential equations with 42 rate constants that together describe the 27 independent equilibrium expressions, which describe the fates of 34 species. Simulations are initiated by "exposing" picomolar concentrations of TF to an electronic milieu consisting of factors II, IX, X, VII, VIIa, V, and VIIII, and the anticoagulants TFPI and AT-III at concentrations found in normal plasma or associated with coagulation pathology. The reaction followed in terms of thrombin generation, proceeds through phases that can be operationally defined as initiation, propagation, and termination. The generation of thrombin displays a nonlinear dependence upon TF, AT-III, and TFPI and the combination of these latter inhibitors displays kinetic thresholds. At subthreshold TF, thrombin production/expression is suppressed by the combination of TFPI and AT-III; for concentrations above the TF threshold, the bolus of thrombin produced is quantitatively equivalent. A comparison of the model with empirical laboratory data illustrates that most experimentally observable parameters are captured, and the pathology that results in enhanced or deficient thrombin generation is accurately described.
Iontophoresis--is there a future for clinical application? (1991)

Transdermal application of drugs is a field of great importance in medical therapy. The application is painless and may be controlled at any time. Iontophoresis is one method for transdermal application of substances, especially for larger or charged molecules which cannot be administered by a simple transdermal route. The problems arise from the complex equipment and the electrical properties of the skin. A better understanding of skin structure and electric transmission through human skin has led to renewed interest in iontophoresis as an administration mode. Iontophoresis is the method of choice in administration of certain local anesthetics and has had its greatest success in therapy of hyperhidrosis. New applications are to be expected, particularly in administration of peptide and protein drugs.
Vanadium complexes of the tridentate Schiff base ligand N-salicylidene-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine: acid-base and redox conversion between vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) imino phenolates (1988)

The reaction of vanadyl sulfate or vanadyl acetonylacetate (VO(ACAC)2) with N-salicylidene-N???-(2-hydroxyethel)ethylenediamine (H2SHED) affords a wide range of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) complexes. The structure of VIVO(HSHED)(ACAC) was determined by an X-ray analysis of red crystals having the following crystallographic parameters: space group Pbca (orthorhombic); a = 11,607 (5), b = 25.960 (2), c = 11.701 (5) A; V = 3526 (2) A3; Z = 8. The final R indices were R = 0.051 and Rw = 0.040 for 1485 observed data. The vanadium is six-coordinate with the phenolate, imine, and amine donors of HSHED- oriented in a meridional geometry. The hydroxyl oxygen remains unbound. The ACAC moiety is a bidentate chelate with one oxygen atom (V1-O5, 2.194 (5) A) trans to the short V=O bond (V1-O1, 1.596 (4) A). When the complex is dissolved in methanol, ACAC dissociates from a small fraction of VIVO(HSHED)(ACAC), yielding air-sensitive VIVO(SHED) in which an alkoxide oxygen atom of the ligand has been inserted in the coordination sphere. If this green material is left in air for several days, orange blocks and yellow plates are deposited. X-ray analysis of both crystal types reveals that the two materials are weakly associated solid-state dimers of the pervanadyl-HSHED- complex VO2(HSHED), which result from different hydrogen bonding in the crystals. Once again, HSHED- is a meridional, tridentate chelate with amine, imine, and phenolate ligation. The orange material shows a vanadium-vanadium separation of 3.103 (1) A and a long V1-O1??? distance of 2.298 (2) A. In contrast, the yellow crystals reveal a more weakly associated structure with V1-V1??? of 3.251 (1) A and V1-O1??? equal to 2.455 (2) A. Acidification of an acetonitrile solution of either the yellow or orange compounds results in the formation of a stable oxo-hydroxo-VVHSHED complex, which is red. Further addition of acid generates the deep blue, highly unstable monoxo-VVHSHED complex. A comparison to related V(IV) and V(V) complexes and the potential biological relevance are discussed. Crystallographic parameters for [VO2(HSHED)]2 (yellow, 1): space group P21/c (monoclinic); ?? = 11.246 (3), b = 6.842 (2), c = 17.022 (5) A: ?? = 114.38 (6)??; V = 1193.0 (6) A3; Z = 4. The final R indices were R = 0.027 and Rw = 0.027 for 1729 observed data. Crystallographic parameters for [VO2(HSHED)]2 (orange, 2): space group P21/c (monoclinic); a = 10.249 (2), b = 10.999 (2), c = 10.578 (2) A; ?? = 119.16 (4)??; V = 1191.6 (4) A3; Z = 4. The final R indices were R = 0.029 and Rw = 0.029 for 1265 observed data.
A New Strategy to Stabilize Oxytocin in Aqueous Solutions: I. The Effects of Divalent Metal Ions and Citrate Buffer (2011)

In the current study, the effect of metal ions in combination with buffers (citrate, acetate, pH 4.5) on the stability of aqueous solutions of oxytocin was investigated. Both monovalent metal ions (Na(+) and K(+)) and divalent metal ions (Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and Zn(2+)) were tested all as chloride salts. The effect of combinations of buffers and metal ions on the stability of aqueous oxytocin solutions was determined by RP-HPLC and HP-SEC after 4 weeks of storage at either 4°C or 55°C. Addition of sodium or potassium ions to acetate- or citrate-buffered solutions did not increase stability, nor did the addition of divalent metal ions to acetate buffer. However, the stability of aqueous oxytocin in aqueous formulations was improved in the presence of 5 and 10 mM citrate buffer in combination with at least 2 mM CaCl(2), MgCl(2), or ZnCl(2) and depended on the divalent metal ion concentration. Isothermal titration calorimetric measurements were predictive for the stabilization effects observed during the stability study. Formulations in citrate buffer that had an improved stability displayed a strong interaction between oxytocin and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), or Zn(2+), while formulations in acetate buffer did not. In conclusion, our study shows that divalent metal ions in combination with citrate buffer strongly improved the stability of oxytocin in aqueous solutions.
High levels of human glucocerebrosidase activity in macrophages of long- term reconstituted mice after retroviral infection of hematopoietic stem cells (1992)

Abstract Gaucher disease is a leading candidate for somatic gene therapy using bone marrow (BM) cells as target tissue. Towards this end, we have constructed a retroviral vector (LG) in which the human glucocerebrosidase (GC) cDNA is driven by the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) long terminal repeat (LTR). Day 12 to 14 colony-forming unit-spleen progenitor cells were infected by the LG virus with a 100% efficiency, and GC messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were detected in the progeny of these cells. Tissues from long-term reconstituted mice analyzed 8 months posttransplantation with LG-infected BM contained the intact provirus at greater than 1 copy per cell, indicating effective infection of hematopoietic stem cells. Human GC mRNA generated by the viral LTR was detected in macrophages as well as other hematopoietic cells. Enzyme activity was increased fivefold and twofold in macrophages from BM and spleen, respectively, and could be precipitated with an antibody specific for human GC. Immunohistochemical analysis detected the human GC protein in 81% of the macrophages from five recipient mice. These data indicate that, after transduction of hematopoietic stem cells, the LG vector is capable of directing expression of human GC in the majority of macrophages from long-term reconstituted mice and producing enzyme levels comparable with endogenous mouse activity, suggesting that this virus may be useful in the treatment of Gaucher disease.
A System-on-Chip Digital pH Meter for Use in a Wireless Diagnostic Capsule (2005)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a system-on-chip digital pH meter, for use in a wireless capsule application. The system is organized around an 8-bit microcontroller, designed to be functionally identical to the Motorola 6805. The analog subsystem contains a floating-electrode ISFET, which is fully compatible with a commercial CMOS process. On-chip programmable voltage references and multiplexors permit flexibility with the minimum of external connections. The chip is designed in a modular fashion to facilitate verification and component re-use. The single-chip pH meter can be directly connected to a personal computer, and gives a response of 37 bits/pH, within an operating range of 7 pH units.
Reduced Biopterin as a Cofactor in the Generation of Nitrogen Oxides by Murine Macrophages (1989)

Generation of nitric oxide (NO.), an autacoid with vasorelaxant and cytotoxic properties, requires at least three cytosolic components in mouse macrophages besides L-arginine and NADPH. One or more components appear after induction by immunologic stimuli; two or more are present in both activated and non-activated macrophages. The constitutive factors can be separated on a Mr approximately 30,000 cut-off filter into high Mr fraction (HF) and low Mr fraction (LF) (Stuehr, D. J., Kwon, N. S., Gross, S. S., Thiel, B. A., Levi, R., and Nathan, C. F. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 420-426). Herein we characterize the major active component in LF. The active component was dialyzable (Mr less than approximately 1,000), water soluble, and cationic at acidic to neutral pH. Fractionation on a C18 column in an acetonitrile/water gradient yielded one broad peak of activity, most of which corresponded to a fluorophore with the excitation/emission spectra of biopterins. Gas chromatography isolated a species in this peak with the mass spectrum of biopterin. Of 14 pteridines tested, only 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (H2biopterin) or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) could replace LF in synergizing with HF and the inducible component(s) to generate NO-2 and NO-3, the accumulating oxidation products of NO.. Half-maximal activity required 20-30 nM reduced biopterins. LFs from three cell lines were active in proportion to their content of biopterins; addition of reduced biopterins restored activity to LF from biopterin-deficient cells. Enhancement of NO-2 generation in the presence of H2biopterin but not H4biopterin was abolished by methotrexate and aminopterin, inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. These findings implicate a redox cycle in which the generation of NO. is facilitated by catalytic amounts of H4biopterin.
Evidence for isofunctional enzymes in the degradation of phenol, m- and p-toluate, and p-cresol via catechol meta-cleavage pathways in Alcaligenes eutrophus (1984)

A study of the degradation of phenol, p-cresol, and m- and p-toluate by Alcaligenes eutrophus 345 has provided evidence that these compounds are metabolized via separate catechol meta-cleavage pathways. Analysis of the enzymes synthesized by wild-type and mutant strains and by strains cured of the plasmid pRA1000, which encodes m- and p-toluate degradation, indicated that two or more isofunctional enzymes mediated several steps in the pathway. The formation of three catechol 2,3-oxygenases and two 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolases was indicated from an examination of the ratio of the specific activities of these enzymes against various substrates. Evidence for two 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenases, two 4-oxalocrotonate isomerases and decarboxylases, and three 2-ketopent-4-enoate hydratases was derived from the induction of these enzymes under different growth conditions. Each activity was detected when the wild type was grown in the presence of m-toluate, but not when grown with phenol (except for a hydratase) or p-cresol, whereas in strains cured of pRA1000, growth with phenol or p-cresol, but not with m-toluate, induced these enzymes. Hydroxylation of phenol and p-cresol appears to be mediated by the same enzyme.