gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional imaging of multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein with an organotechnetium complex. (1993)

The multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a M(r) 170,000 plasma membrane protein encoded by the mammalian multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), appears to function as an energy-dependent efflux pump. Many of the drugs that interact with Pgp are lipophilic and cationic at physiological pH. We tested the hypothesis that the synthetic gamma-emitting organotechnetium complex, hexakis(2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile)technetium(I) ([99mTc]SESTAMIBI), a lipophilic cationic radiopharmaceutical, could be a suitable Pgp transport substrate capable of functional imaging of the MDR phenotype. The cellular pharmacological profile of [99mTc]SESTAMIBI transport was examined in Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts and the 77A and LZ derivative cell lines which express modestly low, intermediate, and very high levels of Pgp, respectively. Steady-state contents of [99mTc]SESTAMIBI in V79, 77A, and LZ cells were 10.0 +/- 0.5 (SEM) (n = 9), 3.6 +/- 0.5 (n = 8), and 0.4 +/- 0.02 (n = 9) fmol.(mg protein)-1 (nMo)-1, respectively, consistent with enhanced extrusion of the imaging agent by Pgp-enriched cells. Maximal doses (> 100 microM) of the multidrug-resistant reversal agents verapamil and cyclosporin A enhanced [99mTc]SESTAMIBI accumulation in V79, 77A, and LZ cells by approximately 10-, 25-, and 200-fold, respectively. The median effective concentration values for tracer accumulation in the presence of verapamil in V79, 77A, and LZ cells were 4, 100, and 200 microM, and those for cyclosporin A were 0.9, 3, and > 25 microM, respectively. Pgp-mediated [99mTc]SESTAMIBI transport occurred against its electrochemical gradient and was found to be ATP dependent displaying an apparent Km of 50 microM. Carrier-added [99Tc]SESTAMIBI was 11- to 13-fold less toxic in multidrug-resistant cells, and inhibited photolabeling of Pgp by [125I]iodoaryl azidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner; half-maximal displacement was observed at approximately 100- to 1000-fold molar excess [99Tc]SESTAMIBI. Exploiting the favorable gamma emission properties of 99mTc, functional expression of Pgp was successfully imaged in human tumor xenographs in nude mice with pharmacologically inert tracer quantities of [99mTc]SESTAMIBI. Functional imaging with these organotechnetium complexes may provide a novel mechanism to rapidly characterize Pgp expression in human tumors in vivo, target reversal agents in vivo, and ultimately provide a means to direct patients to specific cancer therapies.
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: Induced Protein Degradation as a Therapeutic Strategy (2017)

Until recently, the only ways to reduce specific protein signaling were to either knock down the target by RNAi or to interfere with the signaling by inhibiting an enzyme or receptor within the signal transduction cascade. Herein, we review an emerging class of small molecule pharmacological agents, called PROTACs, that present a novel approach to specifically target proteins and their respective signaling pathways. These heterobifunctional molecules utilize endogenous cellular quality control machinery by recruiting it to target proteins in order to induce their degradation.
On coding for real-time streaming under packet erasures (2013)

We consider a real-time streaming system where messages created at regular time intervals at a source are encoded for transmission to a receiver over a packet erasure link; the receiver must subsequently decode each message within a given delay from its creation time. We study a bursty erasure model in which all erasure patterns containing erasure bursts of a limited length are admissible. For certain classes of parameter values, we provide code constructions that asymptotically achieve the maximum message size among all codes that allow decoding under all admissible erasure patterns. We also study an i.i.d. erasure model in which each transmitted packet is erased independently with the same probability; the objective is to maximize the decoding probability for a given message size. We derive an upper bound on the decoding probability for any time-invariant code, and show that the gap between this bound and the performance of a family of time-invariant intrasession codes is small in the high reliability regime.
Issues of unethical behaviour in marketing research (2007)

Businesses will find it difficult and risky to carry out an entire range of business decisions, and above all, marketing decisions, if they have failed to precede these decisions with marketing research. Marketing research helps to considerably reduce market risks, and to improve the probability of success and the validity of marketing decisions made on the basis of information obtained from researching the marketplace. For this to happen, however, the practise of ethical behaviour in marketing research is essential. This is an issue that can be viewed from a number of perspectives. The first relates to ethical issues that could arise in carrying out the work contracted between the client and the agency engaged for marketing research. Namely, the agency might carry out the job in an unprofessional manner, by falsifying results in favour of the client, or by intentionally concealing the methodological approach used in the research. When the job has been completed, ethical issues can also emerge if the agency makes uses of the information obtained from the client or the results obtained from the marketing research for other purposes without the client’ s approval. Another ethical concern pertains to the way the end user of the information obtained from the research may choose to interpret research results by intentionally hiding specific information in order for certain business decisions to be made voluntarily. Finally, ethical issues may also arise with regard to research respondents if the declared anonymity of the research is abused through the subsequent use, in other purposes, of data obtained from the respondents. This paper presents concrete examples of possible unethical behaviour in marketing research, and proposes ways of preventing and resolving poor ethical practices to ensure the objectivity of businesses in decision-making is not jeopardised.
Effects of Ventricular Premature Stimulus Coupling Interval on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Turbulence (2002)

HRT can be induced by programmed stimulation. In this setting, heart rate affects HRT but not ventricular premature complex prematurity. Induced HRT seems to be a valid method for measuring HRT parameters in patients with few ventricular premature complexes.
Ink-jet printing of doped polymers for organic light emitting devices (1998)

Ink-jet printing was used to directly deposit patterned luminescent doped-polymer films. The luminescence of polyvinylcarbazol (PVK) films, with dyes of coumarin 6 (C6), coumarin 47 (C47), and nile red was similar to that of films of the same composition deposited by spin coating. Light emitting diodes with low turn-on voltages were also fabricated in PVK doped with C6 deposited by ink-jet printing.
The Involvement of the Vasopressin System in Stress-Related Disorders (2006)

The neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) is released within distinct brain areas upon appropriate stimulation, including stressful challenges. Following its predominantly dendritic release, AVP triggers a variety of receptor-mediated effects related to behavioral and neuroendocrine regulation. Antagonist treatment together with other sophisticated loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches provide evidence for a multiple involvement of V1a and V1b receptor subtypes in stress-related behavior and disorders, including anxiety disorders, comorbid depression and their neuroendocrine concomitants. Conversely, in the high versus low anxiety (HAB/LAB) rat model, the phenotype of extreme trait anxiety is associated with a polymorphism-driven overexpression of AVP in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. This overexpression of AVP might be considered a final common pathway of anxiety-related behavior. The capability of both responding to stressful stimuli and mediating genetic polymorphisms makes the central release of AVP a key process for converging (i.e., environmentally and genetically driven) behavioral regulation. Polymorphisms in the promoter structures of the AVP gene and AVP receptor genes, underlying differences in gene expression, thus contribute to individual variation in behavior as well as to psychopathology, making genes of the brain AVP system and their products a promising target for therapeutic interventions.
[Available methods of evaluation and correction of immune disorders in patients]. (1997)

A three-stage scheme for detecting and correcting immunodeficiency is proposed. The first stage is the interview from which the physician may suspect secondary immunodeficiency, the second is assessment of changes in the leukogram, and the third stage is correction of immune disorders with consideration for the immunodeficiency syndrome(s) detected.
In Vivo Evaluation of Immunomodulating Effects of Lenalidomide (L) on Tumor Cell Microenvironment as a Possible Underlying Mechanism of the Antitumor Effects Observed in Patients (pts) with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). (2005)

Abstract Introduction: L is a more potent analogue of thalidomide with antitumor activity reported in MDS and multiple myeloma. Clinical anti-leukemic activity of L is reported for the first time by our group in pts with CLL. The underlying mechanism of its antitumor activity remains undetermined. We investigated the effect of L on the tumor microenvironment and studied the modulation of soluble cytokines and immune cells (T and NK cells) in pts receiving L. Patients and Methods: CLL pts enrolled on the clinical study with L were eligible. Pre and post (day 7) samples were obtained for evaluation of changes in serum cytokine and immune cell environment. Malignant cells were also obtained to investigate the in vitro antitumor activity of L prior to initiating treatment on clinical trial. Results: With Anexin V staining for evaluation of apoptosis induction, in vitro testing of pts samples (n=10) showed only a modest increase in apoptosis at 200mg of L - levels clinically not achievable. Yet same pts treated with L on clinical study showed significant antitumor response, suggesting the mechanism to be possibly related to modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In evaluation of the tumor cytokine microenvironment (n= 10) we noted significant L induced increase in IL-10 (n=6), IL-8 (n=8), IP-10 (n=10), IL-8 (n=8), TNF-alpha (n=4) and decrease in PDGF (n=5) and RANTES (n=5). While evaluation of the immune cell repertoire we observed an absolute increase in T-cell as well as NK-cell after treatment with L. Conclusion: Our in vitro evaluation does not suggest a direct apoptotic effect of L on the malignant CLL cells and thus support the hypothesis that the anti-leukemic effect noted in the clinical trial (reported separately) is most likely from in vivo modulation of the tumor microenvironment as is demonstrated from changes in the cytokine milieu and the cellular immune response. Collectively these changes may be responsible for the immune modulating properties of L and the resultant anti-CLL activity in pts.
Quantification of the Effect of Conformational Restriction on Supramolecular Effective Molarities (2013)

The association constants for a family of 96 closely related zinc porphyrin-pyridine ligand complexes have been measured in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). The zinc porphyrin receptors are equipped with phenol side arms, which can form intramolecular H-bonds with ester or amide side arms on the pyridine ligands. These association constants were used to construct 64 chemical double mutant cycles, which measure the free energy contributions of intramolecular H-bonding interactions to the overall stability of the complexes. Measurement of association constants for the corresponding intermolecular H-bonding interactions allowed determination of the effective molarities (EM) for the intramolecular interactions. Comparison of ligands that feature amide H-bond acceptors and ester H-bonds at identical sites on the ligand framework show that the values of EM are practically identical. Similarly, the values of EM are practically identical in toluene and in TCE. However, comparison of two ligand series that differ by one degree of torsional freedom shows that the values of EM for the flexible ligands are an order of magnitude lower than for the corresponding rigid ligands. This observation holds for a range of different supramolecular architectures with different degrees of receptor-ligand complementarity and suggests that in general the cost of freezing a rotor in supramolecular complexes is of the order of 5 kJ/mol.
Fault location techniques for radial and loop transmission systems using digital fault recorded data (1992)

The authors present digital fault location techniques for transmission systems when digital fault recorded data are available at one terminal or two terminals. The systems under consideration are a 115 kV loop transmission system with data available at two terminals and a 69 kV radial transmission system with data available at one terminal. The data under consideration were recorded using digital fault recorders. The conversion of the data to workable data files and the techniques developed to achieve the highest accuracy in determining the fault location are discussed. Intermediate load buses and loads are considered in determining the fault location. An example of the effect of neglecting the presence of these loads is discussed. The fault location techniques are based on both the apparent impedance concept and the use of the three-phase voltage and current phasors. A test case with the exact fault location is presented. The techniques were developed on an IBM PC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Projection microstereolithography equipment (2013)

Stereolithography (SL) is one of the most successful additive manufacturing technologies. In SL a three-dimensional object is fabricated directly from a CAD model. The product is manufactured layer-by-layer by curing liquid resin. These layers, which are built on one another, form the product. In projection stereolithography (PSL) the laser light source and scanner system commonly used in SL, are replaced with a digital micromirror device (DMD) or a liquid crystal display (LCD). Thus, each layer is cured at once in one exposure according to the pattern on the DMD or LCD.\nProjection microstereolithography (PµSL) operates on the same principle as PSL, but the fabrication resolution is significantly higher. In this study, a PµSL setup with a DMD chip is constructed and a computer code is written to control the entire manufacturing process.
Method for fabrication of saturated RGB quantum dot light-emitting devices (2005)

Creation of patterned, efficient, and saturated color hybrid organic/inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices (QD-LEDs) is dependent on development of integrated fabrication and patterning methods for the QD layer. We show that micro-contact printing can be applied to QD deposition, generating micron-scale pattern definition, needed in pixilated-display applications. We demonstrate saturated color QD-LEDs with external quantum efficiencies in excess of 1%. Combining this technique with the use of wide optical band gap host materials, and a new synthetic route for the creation of blue emitting (CdS)ZnS nanocrystals, it is now possible to fabricate QD-LEDs with saturated color emission in the red, green and blue regions of the spectrum.
Ambient beacon localization (2007)

There is a growing need to support localization in low-power mobile sensor networks, both indoors and outdoors, when mobile sensor nodes (e.g., mote class) are incapable of independently estimating their location (e.g., when GPS is inappropriate or too costly), or are unable to leverage localization schemes designed for static sensor networks. To address this challenge, we propose ambient beacon localization (ABL), an unconventional approach that allows mobile sensors to localize by exploiting their ambient physical environment. Ambient beacon localization combines machine learning and free range beacon-based techniques to bind distinct characteristics of the physical world that appear in sensor data of known locations, which we call ambient beacon points (ABPs). Supervised learning algorithms are used to allow mobile sensors to recognize ABPs, i.e., those physical locations that are sufficiently distinguishable in terms of sensed data from the rest of the sensor field. Ambient beacon localization leverages the very same sensed data that nodes are already collecting on behalf of applications. When a mobile sensor finds itself at an ambient beacon point it starts to beacon that location so that other nodes in range of an ambient beacon can localize themselves, for example, by applying existing beacon based localization schemes. In this paper, we present the design of ambient beacon localization and its initial evaluation in a building-sized testbed. Our work is at an early stage but our experimental testbed and simulation results demonstrate that this unusual approach to localization shows promise.
Acid air and health (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid air and healthJohn D. Spengler, Michael Brauer, and Petros KoutrakisCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 7, 946–956Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/es00077a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (9 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Initiates Hydroxyapatite Formation In Vitro (2003)

Bone and dentin formation are interesting examples of matrix-mediated mineralization. However, factors and mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is an acidic extracellular matrix protein found in dentin and bone, and based on its amino acid composition it could be postulated to play an important role in mineralization. Our present study examines the ability of recombinant DMP1 to initiate apatite formation in vitro. A 45 Ca-binding assay demonstrated that recombinant DMP1 (rDMP1) possesses calcium-binding ability under physiological conditions. The in vitro nucleation experiments when conducted with rDMP1-coated glass plates demonstrated hydroxyapatite nucleation, while amorphous mineral was deposited on blank or BSA-coated surface. This mineral deposition was found to be 10-fold higher on rDMP1-coated glass surface when compared with the control glass plates. These findings suggest that DMP1 could be considered as a nucleator for apatite deposition in vitro.
Formation Mechanism of Low Contact Resistance PdZn-based Ohmic Contacts for p-type InP (2002)

Recently, Sb(3 nm)/Zn(20 nm)/Pd(20 nm) ohmic contact materials to p-type InP which provides high reliable, low contact resistance after annealing at temperature around 375°C have been developed in our laboratories (where a slash (/) sign indicates the deposition sequence). The use of these contact materials for photodiodes made it possible to achieve simultaneous preparation of both p and n-type ohmic contacts, which resulted in significant reduction of the fabrication process steps. In the present paper in order to understand the mechanism of ohmic contact formation, the microstructural analysis of the interfaces between the Sb/Zn/Pd ohmic contacts and the Zn-doped p-type InP was carried out by X-ray diffraction, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurement. The present experiments proposed a new contact formation mechanism: reduction of the ohmic contact resistances was obtained primarily due to suppression of Zn (doped in the InP) outdiffusing from the InP substrate during annealing by the Pd2InP layers which contained Zn. Thus the direct contact of the Pd2InP layers to the InP substrate was found to be essential to prevent reduction of the net acceptor concentration near the InP surface and also to improve the thermal stability of ohmic contacts. The roles of Pd and Sb added to the contact materials also contributed to the reduction of contact resistance and their roles will be discussed.
Peptide Nucleic Acids(PNAs)—Unusual Properties of Nonionic Oligonucleotide Analogues (1992)

The phosphate–sugar backbone of oligonucleotides was replaced with peptides in recent work by P. E. Nielsen et al. Specially designed by molecular modeling, these oligonucleotides offer several advantages over chemically modified natural oligonucleotides: they are available on a large scale by the Merrifield synthesis, relatively inert to nucleases because of the nonionic peptide section, and have very good hybridization properties as PNA–DNA binding studies testify. These new DNA mimics are thus exceptionally interesting subjects for study since they may be employed as antisense agents.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of the Micromonospora viridifaciens neuraminidase gene in Streptomyces lividans (1992)

We have cloned the Micromonospora viridifaciens neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) gene (nedA) in Streptomyces lividans. This was accomplished by using the vector pIJ702 and BglII-BclI libraries of M. viridifaciens chromosomal inserts created in S. lividans. The libraries were screened for the expression of neuraminidase by monitoring the cleavage of the fluorogenic neuraminidase substrate 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. Positive clones (BG6, BG7, BC4, and BC8) contained the identical 2-kb BclI-BglII fragment and expressed neuraminidase efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. From the nucleotide sequence analysis, an open reading frame of 1,941 bp which encodes a polypeptide with an M(r) of 68,840 was detected. The deduced amino acid sequence has five Asp boxes, -Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp, showing great similarity to other bacterial and viral neuraminidases. We have also identified the catalytic domain by using truncated proteins produced in S. lividans.
Thermostability of Drifted Oligomeric, Reduced, and Refolded Proteins (1991)

Renatured preparations of monomeric, crosslinked proteins can be heterogeneous. Processes such as conformational drift have also been suggested to occur during the purification and storage of oligomeric proteins. Drift results in heterogeneity and a loss of enzymatic activity, but in some cases renaturation is possible. To complement existing characterization methods, ligand binding and DSC analysis was used to probe for the presence of species that differed in thermal stability. Yeast and liver alcohol dehydrogenases were examined as well as native, reduced, and refolded lysozyme. Multiple species were found in the yeast enzyme samples and lysozyme refolded under nonoptimal conditions. The liver enzyme exhibits two thermal transitions which is consistent with the presence of drifted dimers, but at this time the assignment of the origin of the transitions is tentative.