gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schindler disease: An inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy due to α‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency (1990)

The clinical, pathological and biochemical features of a neuroaxonal dystrophy resulting from the deficient activity of lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase are described. This neurodegenerative disorder was recognized in two brothers who had the typical clinical manifestations and neuropathological lesions observed in patients with Seitelberger disease, the infantile form of neuroaxonal dystrophy. Axonal 'spheroids' were observed histologically in the grey matter, and ultrastructural examination revealed the characteristic formations in dystrophic axons in the myenteric plexus and neocortex. Using a newly synthesized fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide, the markedly deficient activity of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was demonstrated in the affected brothers while their consanguineous parents had intermediate activities, consistent with the autosomal recessive transmission of this disease. No detectable alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was seen in immunoblots using monospecific rabbit antihuman alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase antibodies. Abnormally increased amounts of urinary glycopeptides were observed by high resolution thin layer chromatography. Analytical studies identified four of the accumulating urinary compounds, the blood group A trisaccharide GalNAc alpha 1----3(Fuc alpha 1----2)Gal and three O-linked glycopeptides, GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine, NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuNAc alpha 2----6)GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine, and NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6(NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3)GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine. Of eight unrelated patients diagnosed as having infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy by pathological studies, none had deficient alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, emphasizing the biochemical heterogeneity underlying this diagnostic entity. These findings document the first delineation of a metabolic defect in an inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy and suggest that the axonal pathology in this disorder, and perhaps in the other neuroaxonal dystrophies, results from abnormal glycoprotein metabolism involving O-linked glycopeptides.
Virological and serological analysis of rhinovirus infections during the first two years of life in a cohort of children (2001)

The occurrence of rhinovirus infections in a cohort of 329 children during the first 2 years of life was determined by virus detection and serological methods. Rhinovirus detection on nasopharyngeal aspirates and middle ear fluids comprised a combination of virus isolation in HeLa Ohio cells and a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-hybridization assay on the inoculated cell cultures. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected when the child was referred to the study clinic because of respiratory symptoms. Nasopharyngeal aspirates and middle ear fluids were collected after clinical diagnosis of an acute otitis media. Complement-fixing antibodies to rhinovirus were determined from scheduled serum specimens collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age and from paired sera taken in the cases of acute otitis media. Rhinovirus infections were shown to be common in infants, 24% of the children had complement-fixing antibodies at the age of 6 months and 22% had had at least one rhinovirus episode indicated by virus detection. At the age of 2 years, 91.3% of the children had rhinovirus-specific antibodies, while 79% of the children had experienced rhinovirus infection as judged by the virus detection tests. However, the complement-fixation assay was poor as a diagnostic test. Of 458 acute otitis media episodes studied, 41% were shown to be associated with a rhinovirus by RT-PCR-hybridization, while significant fourfold rise in rhinoviral antibodies was detected only in 7% of the cases.
Novel fluorescence sensor for ‘small’ saccharides (1997)

The small binding pocket of compound 2 can exclude ‘large’ saccharides such as D-glucose, whereas ‘small’ saccharides such as D-sorbitol are strongly bound as 1:1 complexes; the binding events can be sensitively monitored by changes in the fluorescence intensity.
Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive pantothenate kinase (coaA) mutants of Escherichia coli (1987)

Escherichia coli mutants conditionally defective in the conversion of pantothenate to coenzyme A were isolated and characterized. The gene was designated coaA and localized between argEH and rpoB near min 90 of the chromosome. The coaA15(Ts) mutation caused a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype and temperature-dependent inactivation of pantothenate kinase activity assayed both in vivo and in vitro. At 30 degrees C, coaA15(Ts) extracts contained less than 20% of the wild-type pantothenate kinase activity; the kinase had near normal kinetic constants for the substrates ATP and pantothenate and was inhibited by coenzyme A to the same degree as the wild-type enzyme. These data define the coaA gene as the structural gene for pantothenate kinase.
Organochlorine insectide residues in vegetables of the Kitakyushu District, Japan--1971-74. (1976)

The residue levels of organochlorine insecticides BHC, DDT, endrin, and dieldrin in the Kitakyushu District, Japan, were monitored from 1971 to 1974. Agricultural uses of these insecticides were banned in 1970. BHC isomers, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-BHC were detected in all vegetable samples taken; beta-BHC residue appeared in the highest levels. The proportions of each BHC isomer in total BHC residues were much different from those in the technical product. Average residue levels of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-BHC, dieldrin, endrin, and DDTR (p,p'-DDE+p,p'-TDE+o,p'-DDT) in 1971 were 0.007, 0.042, 0.010, 0.008, 0.021, 0.010, and 0.041 ppm in radishes, and 0.004, 0.007, 0.009, 0.003, 0.087, 0.031, and 0.009 ppm in cucumbers. Levels found in 1974 were 0.002, 0.003, less than 0.001, less than 0.001, 0.005, 0.006, and less than 0.001 ppm in radishes, and less than 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, less than 0.001, 0.008, 0.009, and undetectable in cucumbers. These residues were translocated form the insecticide-contaminated field soils to the vegetables through therir roots. Residue levels of dieldrin and endrin frequently exceeded the pesticide tolerance limits of Japan, but DDTR residues were only slightly above the specified levels.
GroEL‐Mediated protein folding (1997)

I. Architecture of GroEL and GroES and the reaction pathway A. Architecture of the chaperonins B. Reaction pathway of GroEL-GroES-mediated folding II. Polypeptide binding A. A parallel network of chaperones binding polypeptides in vivo B. Polypeptide binding in vitro 1. Role of hydrophobicity in recognition 2. Homologous proteins with differing recognition-differences in primary structure versus effects on folding pathway 3. Conformations recognized by GroEL a. Refolding studies b. Binding of metastable intermediates c. Conformations while stably bound at GroEL 4. Binding constants and rates of association 5. Conformational changes in the substrate protein associated with binding by GroEL a. Observations b. Kinetic versus thermodynamic action of GroEL in mediating unfolding c. Crossing the energy landscape in the presence of GroEL III. ATP binding and hydrolysis-driving the reaction cycle IV. GroEL-GroES-polypeptide ternary complexes-the folding-active cis complex A. Cis and trans ternary complexes B. Symmetric complexes C. The folding-active intermediate of a chaperonin reaction-cis ternary complex D. The role of the cis space in the folding reaction E. Folding governed by a "timer" mechanism F. Release of nonnative polypeptides during the GroEL-GroES reaction G. Release of both native and nonnative forms under physiologic conditions H. A role for ATP binding, as well as hydrolysis, in the folding cycle V. Concluding remarks.
Photolytic Mass Laddering for Fast Characterization of Oligomers on Single Resin Beads (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPhotolytic Mass Laddering for Fast Characterization of Oligomers on Single Resin BeadsKevin Burgess, Carlos I. Martinez, David H. Russell, Hunwoo Shin, and Alex J. ZhangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 17, 5662–5663Publication Date (Web):August 22, 1997Publication History Received15 May 1997Published online22 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970866whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970866wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Coupling reactions,Irradiation,Monomers,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Differential usage of three exons generates at least five different mRNAs encoding human leukocyte common antigens. (1987)

Leukocyte common antigens (LCAs, also known as T200 and CD 45) are integral membrane proteins expressed exclusively on hematopoietic cells. These molecules exhibit varying molecular masses and epitopes when expressed in different cell types. To determine the genetic bases for the generation of this diversity, three classes of human LCA cDNA clones that are different near their 5' ends have been isolated. These differences arose as a result of differential usage of three exons as determined from an analysis of a genomic DNA clone. Furthermore, Northern blot analysis with LCA exon-specific probes demonstrates the existence of at least two more LCA mRNA forms that are generated by differential splicing. A comparison of the human and mouse LCA protein sequences revealed a marked difference only in the extracellular domain.
Identification and characterization of two novel lymphocyte function-associated antigens, L24 and L25. (1987)

We describe the function and cell distribution of two novel cell surface antigens, L24 and L25. These antigens are broadly distributed on human lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies specific for these molecules block lysis by Class I- and II-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but do not affect any other T cell functions tested. Anti-L24 antibody immunoprecipitates a molecule composed of two disulfide-linked monomers of 140 kd each. Anti-L25 antibody immunoprecipitates three proteins of 150, 85, and 75 kd. The study of these and other function associated molecules may provide insight into mechanisms of cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition and/or function.
One-pot RAFT synthesis of core cross-linked star polymers of polyPEGMA in water by sequential homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerizations (2012)

The arm-first approach is well accepted for the synthesis of core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers, which typically involves two separate steps, i.e., the initial synthesis and purification of the arm polymers followed by a second step synthesis of CCS. We report here a one-pot approach for the RAFT synthesis of a well-defined CCS in water without the separation and purification of the arm polymers. This novel approach consists of a homogeneous polymerization step to prepare the arm polymer, polyPEGMA, and a heterogeneous polymerization step to assemble the arm polymers into CCS polymers. Various parameters affecting the formation of the CCS were studied, including the type of cross-linker, spacing monomer, arm polymer concentration and arm polymer molecular weight. Cross-linkers of longer length provided the flexibility required to form high-quality CCS polymers. The use of spacing monomers in conjugation with cross-linkers reduced the stress during cross-linking and also provided enhanced driving force to produce well-defined CCS polymers. High-quality CCS polymers were prepared at relatively high polymer concentration (≥10%). The higher molecular weight arm polymer exhibited increased steric hindrance for CCS formation. Overall, this one-pot approach is highly efficient, environmentally benign and amenable to a variety of reaction conditions.
Genes for the tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta are linked to the human major histocompatibility complex. (1986)

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) includes the closely linked genes for the tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. Their location is within the chromosomal segment between HLA-DR and HLA-A or centromeric of HLA-DP. This assignment is based on Southern blot analysis of a number of different MHC deletion mutants and is corroborated by chromosome in situ hybridization.
Tissue distribution of fish antifreeze protein mRNAs (1992)

The presence of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) mRNA was examined in a variety of tissues from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus), and ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus), each of which contains one of the three known AFP types. Northern blot analysis indicates that whereas the AFP mRNA is restricted to liver in sea raven (type II AFP), significant amounts of mRNA are present in many other tissues in both winter flounder (type I) and ocean pout (type III). These results indicate that in sea raven, antifreeze protein synthesis only occurs in the liver, whereas in the ocean pout and winter flounder, synthesis occurs in many tissues throughout the body. These investigations are relevant to understanding the mode of action of these polypeptides.
Factors determining the therapeutic window for stroke (1998)

The duration of the window to treat acute cerebral ischemia has become an important question since the first effective drug for stroke victims has become available. Statistical analysis of relevant animal studies suggests that irreversible focal injury begins within a few minutes and is complete within about 6 hours. There will be substantial difficulties in attempting to obtain accurate estimates of the duration of ischemia that causes permanent damage in patients unless technical obstacles are overcome. Empirical estimates of the therapeutic window for stroke can be obtained from properly designed clinical trials, but optimal care will continue to necessitate urgent treatment.
Mass spectral analysis of eleven analogs of vitamin A (1973)

Abstract The low resolution mass spectra of 5,6‐monoepoxyretinoic acid, 5,8‐monoepoxyretinoic acid, 5,6‐monoepoxyretinyl acetate, 5,8‐monoepoxyretinyl acetate, 5,8‐monoepoxyretinal, trimethylsilyl‐5,6‐monoepoxyretinoate, trimethylsilyl‐5,8‐monoepoxyretinoate, methyl‐5,6‐monoepoxyretinoate, methyl‐5,8‐monoepoxyretinoate, β‐C 19 ‐retinal and β‐C 19 ‐retinyl acetate‐analogs of vitamin A—are presented. Characteristic features of the spectra are discussed. In addition, high resolution mass measurements are presented for six fragment ions of all‐ trans ‐retinoic acid and eleven fragment ions of methyl‐5,6‐monoepoxyretinoate.
Performance Optimization of Vertical Nanowire‐based Piezoelectric Nanogenerators (2013)

The integrated nanogenerator (NG) based on vertical nanowire (NW) arrays is one of the dominant designs developed to harvest mechanical energy using piezoelectric nanostructures. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of such a NG are developed using ZnO NWs in compression mode to evaluate its performances in term of piezoelectric potential generated, capacitance, induced mechanical energy, output electrical energy, and efficiency. This evaluation is essential to correctly understand NG operation. Three main issues are highlighted. The mechanical and electrical structures of the NG as an integrated system are optimized, and strategies for concentrating the mechanical strain field in the NWs and increasing the force sensitivity are developed. In addition, the influence of NWs length and diameter on NG performances is investigated. The optimization results in a piezoelectric nano composite material where global performances are improved by mean of long and thin NWs.
Prevention of core cell damage in isolated islets of Langerhans by low temperature preconditioning (2005)

Our results indicate that core cell damage within isolated islets of Langerhans correlates with the size of islets. Low temperature (26 degrees) culture can prevent core cell damage in isolated islets, and successfully precondition these islets for incubation at 37 degrees. These novel findings may help to understand the pathophysiology of early loss of islet tissue after transplantation, and may provide a new strategy to improve graft function in the clinical setting of islet transplantation.
Non-invasive assessment of fluid responsiveness (2005)

Only fifty percent of critically ill patients have still some cardiac preload reserve and respond to volume expansion by a significant increase cardiac output. This emphasizes the need for predictive factors of fluid responsiveness to avoid ineffective or deleterious volume loading. Since clinical evaluation is of poor value, sophisticated parameters have been proposed to help the caregiver in the decision making process concerning volume expansion. Markers of cardiac preload have been shown to lack sensitivity and specificity for predicting volume responsiveness. Minimally invasive haemodynamic devices provide the clinician with dynamic markers of volume responsiveness. In mechanically ventilated patients, the magnitude of respiratory changes in stroke volume or its surrogates has been proposed to detect volume responsiveness. Accordingly, respiratory variations of arterial pulse pressure, of arterial pulse contour-derived stroke volume, of Doppler aortic blood velocity or flow, have been reported as excellent predictors of the haemodynamic response to fluid loading provided that the patient does not exhibit any triggering efforts or arrhythmias. The response to passive leg raising manoeuvre by an increase in pulse pressure or in aortic blood flow also suggests that the patient is volume responsive, even in cases of spontaneous breathing activity or arrhythmias.
[Discovery and clinical investigation of Lyme disease in Beijing area]. (1994)

The investigation of Lyme disease in Beijing area is reported for the first time. The sera of 1314 local residents were examined by indirect immunofluorescent assay. 11.9% of them were seropositive to Borrelia burgdorferi. The principal vector was Haemapsysalis longicornis. Six strains of B. burgdorferi were isolated from ticks or patients using modified BSK medium. Spirochetes were found in 5 of 30 patients' skin biopsy samples. Penicillin or ceftriaxone was used to treat the patients, and the effective rates were 64% and 88%, respectively.
Survivable communication concept via multiple low Earth-orbiting satellites (1989)

An overview of a reliable cross-link communication system using multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites is presented, covering the overall network concept, data packet routing, communication techniques including antenna subsystems, communication parameter tradeoffs, signal processing, and the overall radio design concept definition. The critical issue addressed is the maximum cross-link distance coverage obtained under stressed conditions by utilizing an optimal coding technique for a given prime power of the satellite.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stress Protection of Transgenic Tobacco by Production of the Osmolyte Mannitol (1993)

The accumulation of sugar alcohols and other low molecular weight metabolites such as proline and glycine-betaine is a widespread response that may protect against environmental stress that occurs in a diverse range of organisms. Transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize and accumulate the sugar alcohol mannitol were engineered by introduction of a bacterial gene that encodes mannitol 1 -phosphate dehydrogenase. Growth of plants from control and mannitol-containing lines in the absence and presence of added sodium chloride was analyzed. Plants containing mannitol had an increased ability to tolerate high salinity.
The Genomic Landscapes of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers (2007)

Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Acute Hepatitis E Virus Infection (2007)

Pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis caused by HEV infection had a higher maternal mortality rate and worse obstetric and fetal outcomes than did pregnant women with jaundice and acute viral hepatitis caused by other types of viral hepatitis.
Time-optimal control of flexible structures (1990)

It is shown that the time-optimal control, for rest-to-rest maneuvers of a one-bending-mode model of a flexible structure is bang-bang with at most three switches and is symmetric about the second switch. For the case with damping, optimal reversal and maneuver times are calculated for a normalized system for several damping ratios. Since these times can be scaled for frequency and control authority, these results can be used to interpolate for times of any damping ratio. The variation of the optimal slewing times with structural frequency and damping ratio is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Finding Discriminating Structural Features by Reassembling Common Building Blocks (2003)

We present a new method for constructing discriminating substructures by reassembling common medicinal chemistry building blocks. The algorithm can be parametrized to meet differing objectives: (1) to build features that discriminate for biological activity in a local structural neighborhood, (2) to build scaffolds for R-group analysis, (3) to construct cluster signatures that discriminate for membership in the cluster and provide a graphical representation for its members, and (4) to identify substructures that characterize major classes in a heterogeneous compound set. We illustrated the results of the algorithm on a literature dataset is of 118 compounds with in vitro inhibition data against recombinant human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B).