gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological consolidation of ovarian carcinoma recurrences with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody ACA125: immune responses and survival in palliative treatment. See The biology behind: K. A. Foon and M. Bhattacharya-Chatterjee, Are solid tumor anti-idiotype vaccines ready for prime time? Clin. Cancer Res., 7:1112-1115, 2001. (2001)

The aim of the present study was to assess whether the induction of specific immune responses by vaccination with the murine monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody ACA125, which imitates the tumor-associated antigen CA125, has a positive influence on the survival of patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Forty-two patients with platinum-pretreated recurrences were included in a clinical Phase I/II trial of consolidation in third-line therapy. Patients initially received four immunizations with 2 mg of alum-precipitated anti-idiotype ACA125 every 2 weeks and then monthly applications. No serious allergic reactions could be detected within a maximal control period of 56 months. Hyperimmune sera of 27 of 42 patients (64.2%) showed increased concentrations of human antimouse antibodies. Specific anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies as a marker for induced immunity were detected in 28 of 42 patients (66.7%). The survival of the whole ACA125-treated collective of patients after a mean of 12.6 antibody applications was 14.9 +/- 12.9 months. The survival of patients with a positive immune response was 19.9 +/- 13.1 months in contrast with 5.3 +/- 4.3 months in those patients without detectable anti-CA125 immunity (P < 0.0001). According to these results, vaccination with a suitable anti-idiotypic antibody offers an effective way to induce specific immunity against a primarily nonimmunogenic tumor antigen such as CA125 and is associated with a positive impact on the survival of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer with few side effects, which warrants a Phase III trial for ovarian cancer patients after primary therapy.
Selective image extraction by synthesis of the coherence function using two-dimensional optical lock-in amplifier with microchannel spatial light modulator (1997)

A novel optical information processing system by synthesis of the coherence function is built up to extract a two dimensional image from a three-dimensional object at a tenable depth with neither mechanical scanning nor digital calculation. In this system, a two-dimensional optical lock-in amplifier with the microchannel spatial light modulator is developed to detect selectively the coherence component, so that the limitation to the depth resolution introduced by the holographic detection which was used in our previous systems is overcome. Selective image extraction Is demonstrated successfully.
Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is Associated with an Unfavorable Evolution after Surgery for Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyposis (2006)

B-2b.
Dexamethasone suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 production via mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 dependent inhibition of Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in activated rat microglia (2007)

Microglial cells release monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which amplifies the inflammation process by promoting recruitment of macrophages and microglia to inflammatory sites in several neurological diseases. In the present study, dexamethasone (Dex), an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug has been shown to suppress the mRNA and protein expression of MCP-1 in activated microglia resulting in inhibition of microglial migration. This has been further confirmed by the chemotaxis assay which showed that Dex or MCP-1 neutralization with its antibody inhibits the microglial recruitment towards the conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglial culture. This study also revealed that the down-regulation of the MCP-1 mRNA expression by Dex in activated microglial cells was mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. It has been demonstrated that Dex inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinases as well as c-jun, the JNK substrate in microglia treated with LPS. The involvement of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in induction of MCP-1 production in activated microglial cells was confirmed as there was an attenuation of MCP-1 protein release when microglial cells were treated with inhibitors of JNK and p38. In addition, Dex induced the expression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), the negative regulator of JNK and p38 MAP kinases in microglial cells exposed to LPS. Blockade of MKP-1 expression by triptolide enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways and the mRNA expression of MCP-1 in activated microglial cells treated with Dex. In summary, Dex inhibits the MCP-1 production and subsequent microglial cells migration to the inflammatory site by regulating MKP-1 expression and the p38 and JNK MAPK pathways. This study reveals that the MKP-1 and MCP-1 as novel mediators of biological effects of Dex may help developing better therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with neuroinflammatory diseases.
In Vivo Characterization of a Dual Adenosine A2A/A1 Receptor Antagonist in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2010)

The in vivo characterization of a dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Discovery and scale-up syntheses of compound 1 are described in detail, highlighting optimization steps that increased the overall yield of 1 from 10.0% to 30.5%. Compound 1 is a potent A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in vitro (A(2A) K(i) = 4.1 nM; A(1) K(i) = 17.0 nM) that has excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse model of reserpine-induced akinesia, rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation, and MPTP-treated non-human primate model.
Clock synchronous multicarrier demodulator for multi-frequency TDMA communications satellites (1990)

Some design and implementation aspects of an eight-channel 2.048-Mb/s multicarrier demodulator for multifrequency TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, requiring assured network synchronization and the likely absence of preambles in data bursts, are reported. The 32 voice channels in a 2-Mb/s primary group are assigned an equal number of time slots in the frame; timing (symbol) synchronization permits each slot to be occupied by different users from frame to frame if needed by the overall network efficiency. The study phase started with the requirement of a fully digital demodulator, substantially exploiting multistage and block approaches for the demultiplexer. The latter approach was selected for detailed design and implementation, utilizing a bank of polyphase filters followed by an eight-point fast Fourier transform. Carrier recovery-not trivial because of the absence of preambles-can be implemented by either exploiting the inherent frame-to-frame coherence in a PLL (phase locked loop)-based scheme or a nonlinear phase estimation algorithm originally proposed by Viterbi.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
WorldCursor: Pointing in Intelligent Environments with a Tele-operated Laser Pointer (2003)

We introduce the WorldCursor, a pointing device and cursor designed for intelligent environments. The WorldCursor is analogous to the mouse and cursor used in traditional GUIs: the user may select and interact with a physical device by positioning the cursor on the device and clicking. We use the XWand as a physical pointing mechanism, and couple it with the WorldCursor device which projects a cursor on the physical environment. The WorldCursor improves upon the XWand by removing the need for external positioning technology such as video cameras. INTRODUCTION In [1] we introduce the XWand, a hardware device and associated signal processing algorithms that controls multiple connected devices in a natural manner. For example, an XWand user may turn on a light in the room by pointing the wand at the light and pressing the button on the wand. Figure 1 shows the XWand prototype as demonstrated at UIST 2002. The XWand system determines which device the user is pointing at by combining the orientation and 3-d position of the wand with a 3-d model of the room and the devices within it. Orientation of the wand is determined from onboard sensors, while wand position is determined with stereo computer vision. The 3-d model of the room and devices is entered into the system by pointing with the wand itself in a special training mode. With the orientation, position and model of the room, it is easy to determine which object in the world model the wand is pointing at, if any. Users of the XWand are often impressed with the immediate and natural feel of absolute pointing. However, the pure geometry-based approach which enables absolute pointing also has a number of important drawbacks: • Two or more cameras must be permanently mounted in the room. Besides the difficulty of installation, such cameras inevitably draw objections related to privacy. • The cameras must be carefully calibrated to the room geometry upon installation, and recalibrated if they are moved. • At least two cameras must have clear sight-lines to the wand at all times. • The three dimensional position of each active device in the room must be known. • Small errors in the orientation and position information translate to inaccuracy in pointing, possibly disrupting the interaction. We set about exploring alternatives to absolute pointing, with the goal of eliminating the three dimensional positioning system. One general approach is to place tags in the environment, but they have drawbacks as well. By design tags require installation on every active device. Figure 1: The XWand.
Vacuum assisted wound closure therapy. (2003)

Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) therapy is designed to promote the formation of granulation tissue for faster healing in the wound beds of patients with acute and chronic wounds. Four controlled trials and one interim analysis provide poor quality data and weak evidence that VAC therapy may be superior to conventional methods used in healing wounds. Complications with VAC therapy are uncommon. Studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of VAC therapy when the types of dressings are the same for patients in the groups being compared and VAC therapy is the only differing intervention.
Novel enterobactin analogues as potential therapeutic chelating agents: Synthesis, thermodynamic and antioxidant studies (2016)

A series of novel hexadentate enterobactin analogues, which contain three catechol chelating moieties attached to different molecular scaffolds with flexible alkyl chain lengths, were prepared. The solution thermodynamic stabilities of the complexes with uranyl, ferric(III), and zinc(II) ions were then investigated. The hexadentate ligands demonstrate effective binding ability to uranyl ion, and the average uranyl affinities are two orders of magnitude higher than 2,3-dihydroxy-N<sup>1</sup>,N<sup>4</sup>-bis[(1,2-hydroxypyridinone-6-carboxamide)ethyl]terephthalamide [TMA(2Li-1,2-HOPO)<sub>2</sub>] ligand with similar denticity. The high affinity of hexadentate ligands could be due to the presence of the flexible scaffold, which favors the geometric agreement between the ligand and the uranyl coordination preference. The hexadentate ligands also exhibit higher antiradical efficiency than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). These results provide a basis for further studies on the potential applications of hexadentate ligands as therapeutic chelating agents.
Imaging Systems for Advanced Underwater Vehicles (2011)

Exploration of the underwater environment either by human operated or by autonomous vehicles can highly benefit from using a visual imaging system. When a vision system for an underwater vehicle has to be designed, some specific characteristics of the image formation in sub-sea conditions should be taken into account. This paper presents an extensive survey of components, techniques and methods used to build underwater vision systems. First, most of the phenomena that affect the image formation in submersed conditions are described; second, some significant illumination techniques and light sources, including laser, are presented; and third, the review follows with a list of relevant underwater visual installations and submarine vehicles with vision-based infrastructures recently developed and commercially available. Furthermore, the paper finally introduces some techniques for improving the quality of underwater images. Among all these techniques, a special attention has been paid to the effect of employing polarized light to overcome the undesired scatter present in images. This last section includes some experiments carried out by the authors to test the usefulness of polarization-based methods in robotic applications.
A fault-tolerant programmable voter for software-based N-modular redundancy (2012)

This paper presents a fault-tolerant, programmable voter architecture for software-implemented N-tuple modular redundant (NMR) computer systems. Software NMR is a cost-efficient solution for high-performance, mission-critical computer systems because this can be built on top of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. Due to the large volume and randomness of voting data, software NMR system requires a programmable voter. Our experiment shows that voting software that executes on a processor has the time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTTOU) vulnerabilities and is unable to tolerate long duration faults. In order to address these two problems, we present a special-purpose voter processor and its embedded software architecture. The processor has a set of new instructions and hardware modules that are used by the software in order to accelerate the voting software execution and address the identified two reliability problems. We have implemented the presented system on an FPGA platform. Our evaluation result shows that using the presented system reduces the execution time of error detection codes (commonly used in voting software) by 14% and their code size by 56%. Our fault injection experiments validate that the presented system removes the TOCTTOU vulnerabilities and recovers under both transient and long duration faults. This is achieved by using 0.7% extra hardware in a baseline processor.
Neopterin and interferon gamma serum levels in renal allograft recipients. (1989)

In the follow-up of children receiving renal allografts the early differential diagnosis of infections and rejection episodes is the main problem. Serum levels of neopterin (N), a pteridine released from stimulated macrophages, was determined by radioimmunoassay. Also interferon-gamma (IF) serum levels, a marker of T lymphocyte activity, were determined with an immunoradiometric assay in 19 kidney-transplanted children. Both, infections and rejection episodes, are accompanied by distinct increases in N. The IF are elevated 1-3 days earlier than N, the median values during infections being significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) higher than those during rejection crises. The routine measurement of N and IF allow the simple, quick and reliable monitoring of the immune status, which seems to be of a high relevance for the daily monitoring of transplant recipients.
PN code generator with low delay-power product for spread-spectrum communication systems (1999)

We illustrate the low-power advantages of the One-Hot Residue Number System by presenting a pseudonoise (PN) code generator for battery-powered spread-spectrum communication systems. It exhibits a significantly reduced delay-power product below an equivalent binary number system implementation. This advantage is obtained because the number system allows the decomposition into small serially enabled units of the large linear-feedback shift register required to generate the PN code. Additionally, it allows fast and efficient computation of sums and products. An example frequency-hopped spread-spectrum application of the generator is briefly presented using a previously designed frequency synthesizer.
A bioassay for studying behavioural responses of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to bed bug-derived volatiles (2010)

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has recently re-emerged in increasing numbers, distribution and intensity of infestation in many countries. Current control relies on the application of residual pesticides; but, due to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. Semiochemicals (behaviour and physiology modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. However, in order to identify semiochemicals that can be utilised in monitoring or control, a suitable olfactometer is needed that enables the study of the responses of bed bugs to volatile chemicals. Previous studies have used olfactometers that do not separate olfactory responses from responses to physical contact. In this study, a still-air olfactometer was used to measure behavioural responses to different bed bug-derived volatiles presented in an odour pot. Bed bugs were significantly more likely to visit the area above the odour pot first, and more frequently, in the presence of volatiles from bed bug-exposed paper but not in the presence of volatiles from conspecific bed bugs. Bed bug activity was found to be dependent on the presence of the volatiles from bed bug-exposed paper, the time during the scotophase and the sex of the insect being tested. The still-air olfactometer could be used to test putative semiochemicals, which would allow an understanding of their behavioural role in bed bug ecology. Ultimately, this could lead to the identification of new semiochemical tools for bed bug monitoring and control.
Thermal Management of On-Chip Caches Through Power Density Minimization (2007)

Various architectural power reduction techniques have been proposed for on-chip caches in the last decade. In this paper, we first show that these power reduction techniques can be suboptimal when thermal effects are considered. Then, we propose a thermal-aware cache power-down technique that minimizes the power density of the active parts by turning off alternating rows of memory cells instead of entire banks. The decrease in the power density lowers the temperature, which then exponentially reduces the leakage. Thus, leakage power of the active parts is reduced in addition to the power eliminated from the parts that are turned off. Simulations based on SPEC2000, NetBench, and MediaBench applications in a 70-nm technology show that the proposed thermal-aware architecture can reduce the total energy consumption by 53% compared to a conventional cache, and 14% compared to a cache architecture with thermal-unaware power reduction scheme. Second, we show a block permutation scheme that can be used during the design of the caches to maximize the distance between blocks with consecutive addresses. Because of spatial locality, blocks with consecutive addresses are likely to be accessed within a short time interval. By maximizing the distance between such blocks, we minimize the power density of the hot spots in the cache, and hence reduce the peak temperature. This, in return, results in an average leakage power reduction of 8.7% compared to a conventional cache without affecting the dynamic power and the latency. Overall, both of our architectures add no extra run-time penalty compared to the thermal-unaware power reduction schemes, yet they result in a significant reduction in the total energy consumption of a cache
Volume measurements of normal orbital structures by computed tomographic analysis (1985)

Computed tomographic digital data and special off-line computer graphic analysis were used to measure volumes of normal orbital soft tissue, extraocular muscle, orbital fat, and total bony orbit in vivo in 29 patients (58 orbits). The upper limits of normal for adult bony orbit, soft tissue exclusive of the globe, orbital fat, and muscle are 30.1 cm3, 20.0 cm3, 14.4 cm3, and 6.5 cm3, respectively. There are small differences in men as a group compared with women but minimal difference between right and left orbits in the same person. The accuracy of the techniques was established at 7%-8% for these orbit structural volumes in physical phantoms and in simulated silicone orbit phantoms in dry skulls. Mean values and upper limits of normal for volumes were determined in adult orbital structures for future comparison with changes due to endocrine ophthalmopathy, trauma, and congenital deformity.
A new method for isolation of reticulocytes: positive selection of human reticulocytes by immunomagnetic separation (1990)

Abstract A method for isolating pure reticulocytes from leukocyte-depleted blood of normal persons is presented. The separation was achieved using an immunomagnetic technique. A monoclonal mouse antibody against human transferrin receptor was bound to magnetic beads conjugated with sheep antimouse antibody. The recovery of reticulocytes from peripheral blood was 15% to 42%. Blood used for isolation of reticulocytes could be stored for 4 days at 22 degrees C without altering the yield of reticulocytes. At 37 degrees C incubation, the reticulocytes matured rapidly and the transferrin receptor was found to have a half-life of 16 hours. The activity of several enzymes and the amount of creatine and hemoglobin A1C were measured both in the reticulocytes and peripheral blood. Of the enzymes, porphobilinogen deaminase had the best discriminatory power with a ratio of 8.8 between reticulocytes and peripheral red blood cells. The ratio for creatine was 16.7. The ability to isolate pure human reticulocytes, released after normal erythropoiesis, will offer new possibilities in the study of these cells.
Identification of ROBO1 as a Novel Hepatocellular Carcinoma Antigen and a Potential Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target (2006)

This is the first report that ROBO1 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and shed into serum in humans. These observations suggest that ROBO1 is a potential new serologic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and may represent a new therapeutic target.
Chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus that causes progressive loss of CD4+ T cells and AIDS in pig-tailed macaques (1996)

By animal-to-animal passage of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in pig-tailed macaques, we have developed a macaque model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease in humans. Passaging was begun with a chimeric virus containing the env gene of HIV-1 HXBc2 and the gag and pol genes of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. SHIV was passaged serially in cohorts of two macaques each, using bone marrow-to-bone marrow transfers at 5, 5, and 16 weeks for passages 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The fifth passage was done by using cell-free virus isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a passage 4 macaque. The virus became more virulent with each passage. Virus replication was restricted in all three animals in passages 1 and 2 but not in five of the six animals in passages 3, 4, and 5. In these animals, intense virus replication in the lymphoid tissues resulted in almost total elimination of CD4+ T cells within weeks of inoculation, and three of these animals developed AIDS in less than 1 year. The more uniform virus-host interaction initiated by the cell-free virus in the passage 5 animals contrasted with a more variable pattern of disease initiated by infectious bone marrow cells during earlier passages. The virulent cell-free SHIV can now be used to screen the efficacy of vaccines directed against the envelope of HIV-1.