gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyol Process Synthesis of Monodispersed FePt Nanoparticles (2004)

Monodispersed FePt nanoparticles are synthesized by reduction of iron(II) acetylacetonate and platinum(II) acetylacetonate with 1,2-hexadecanediol as the reducing reagent in the polyol process. As-prepared FePt nanoparticles are chemically disordered with fcc phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show a self-assembled particle array with an average particle size of 3 nm and a standard deviation about 10%. The transformation from chemically disordered fcc to chemically ordered L10 phase is achieved by annealing at 650 degrees C for 30 min in Ar atmosphere where the oxygen level is less than 1 ppm. Magnetic hysteresis measurements show a coercivity of 9.0 kOe at 293K, and 16.7 kOe at 5 K for the annealed FePt nanoparticles.
Regioselectivity in the Multi‐Component Synthesis of Indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione Derivatives (2006)

Abstract The one‐pot cyclisation to form the indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione ring system has been investigated starting from 6,7‐dichloroquinoline‐5,8‐dione by reaction with pyridine and ethyl acetoacetate. Both the N , N ‐ syn and the N , N ‐ anti products have been fully characterised by mass spectrometry and NMR analysis, and the regioselectivity of their formation is discussed in terms of solvent polarity and/or the nature of the metal ion. We demonstrate here that, among a wide series of polar and apolar solvents, tert ‐butyl alcohol is the best choice to enhance the yield of the N , N ‐ syn regioisomer, while the N , N ‐ anti regioisomer can be obtained with a very high selectivity when the reaction is carried out with scandium triflate. In the presence of metal chelation, semi‐empirical ZINDO calculations offer an appropriate tool to explain the regioselectivity observed when different metal ions are used. The study of the regioselectivity is also supported by the data for the corresponding two‐step reactions with reversed addition of the nucleophilic reagents, and it has been extended to the cases involving 4‐methylpyridine and 6,7‐dichloroisoquinoline‐5,8‐dione as reagents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Pulsatile Drug-Delivery Systems (2001)

Delivery systems with a pulsatile-release pattern are receiving increasing interest for the development of drugs for which conventional controlled drug-release systems with a continuous release are not ideal. These drugs often have a high first-pass effect or special chronopharmacological needs. A pulsatile-release profile is characterized by a time period of no release (lag time) followed by a rapid and complete drug release. Pulsatile drug-delivery systems can be classified into site-specific systems in which the drug is released at the desired site within the intestinal tract (e.g., the colon), or time-controlled devices in which the drug is released after a well-defined time period. Site-controlled release is usually controlled by environmental factors, like the pH or enzymes present in the intestinal tract, whereas the drug release from time-controlled systems is controlled primarily by the delivery system and, ideally, not by the environment. This review covers various single- and multiple-unit oral pulsatile drug-delivery systems with an emphasis on time-controlled drug-release systems.
Automatic Line Segmentation and Ground-Truth Alignment of Handwritten Documents (2014)

In this paper, we present a method for the automatic segmentation and transcript alignment of documents, for which we only have the transcript at the document level. We consider several line segmentation hypotheses, and recognition hypotheses for each segmented line. The recognition is highly constrained with the document transcript. We formalize the problem in a weighted finite-state transducer framework. We evaluate how the constraints help achieve a reasonable result. In particular, we assess the performance of the system both in terms of segmentation quality and transcript mapping. The main contribution of this paper is that we jointly find the best segmentation and transcript mapping that allow to align the image with the whole ground-truth text. The evaluation is carried out on fully annotated public databases. Furthermore, we retrieved training material with this system for the Maurdor evaluation, where the data was only annotated at the paragraph level. With the automatically segmented and annotated lines, we record a relative improvement in Word Error Rate of 35.6%.
Teaching and learning as multimedia authoring (1996)

We view college classroom teaching and learning as a multimedia authoring activity. The classroom provides a rich setting in which a number of different forms of communication co-exist, such as speech, writing and projected images. Much of the information in a lecture is poorly recorded or lost currently. Our hypothesis is that tools to aid in the capture and subsequent access of classroom information will enhance both the learning and teaching experience. To test that hypothesis, we initiated the Classroom 2000 project at Georgia Tech. The purpose of the project is to apply ubiquitous computing technology to facilitate automatic capture, integration and access of multimedia information in the educational setting of the university classroom. In this paper, we discuss various prototype tools we have created and used in a variety of courses and provide an initial evaluation of the acceptance and effectiveness of the technology. We also share some lessons learned in applying ubiquitous computing technology in a real setting.
Genome editing for inborn errors of metabolism: advancing towards the clinic (2017)

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) include many disorders for which current treatments aim to ameliorate disease manifestations, but are not curative. Advances in the field of genome editing have recently resulted in the in vivo correction of murine models of IEM. Site-specific endonucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, in combination with delivery vectors engineered to target disease tissue, have enabled correction of mutations in disease models of hemophilia B, hereditary tyrosinemia type I, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, and lysosomal storage disorders. These in vivo gene correction studies, as well as an overview of genome editing and future directions for the field, are reviewed and discussed herein.
Coinduction of glucose-regulated proteins and doxorubicin resistance in Chinese hamster cells. (1987)

The glucose-regulated protein (GRP) system in mammalian cells is induced by glucose deprivation, anoxia, the calcium ionophore A23187, and 2-deoxyglucose. In Chinese hamster ovary cells the major GRPs are approximately equal to 76, 97, and 170 kDa. Removal of each of these four GRP-inducing stresses leads to the coordinate repression of GRPs and induction of the major heat shock proteins at 70 and 89 kDa. The application of each of these four GRP-inducing conditions leads to a significant induction of resistance to the drug doxorubicin. Removal of each GRP-inducing condition results in the rapid disappearance of this resistance in a manner that correlates with the repression of the GRPs. The retention of doxorubicin by GRP-induced cells does not explain the induced drug resistance. When the RIF in vitro/in vivo tumor system is probed with an antibody against the 76-kDa GRP, a significant increase in this GRP is observed in cells obtained from the central regions of tumors. Since hypoxia and/or nutrient deprivation can occur during tumor development, a GRP-induced state in the tumor may confer resistance to doxorubicin treatment.
Potential role of macrolides in the treatment of asthma. (2000)

A body of evidence highlights the fact that macrolides may not only enhance the host defence system through increased cytokine synthesis by host cells but also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by including anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several authors have stressed the possibility that macrolides are useful in the treatment of asthma because of their antimicrobial activity rather than any anti-inflammatory action. However, the mechanism of action of macrolides in improving asthma and reducing airway responsiveness is speculated not to be due to their antibiotic properties, especially when these agents are active in noninfectious asthma. The steroid-sparing effect of macrolide antibiotics has been postulated to contribute to their beneficial actions in the treatment of asthma. Nevertheless, a number of studies have shown that macrolides antibiotics have an anti-inflammatory effect which is independent of their antibiotic action or any influence on corticosteroid metabolism. Macrolides may be useful in the treatment of patients with steroid-dependent asthma, probably because they inhibit eosinophilic inflammation. It has also been suggested that the effect of macrolides on bronchial hyperresponsiveness is mediated by their inhibitory action on superoxide production and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. In any case, it is clear that the mechanism of action of macrolides in asthmatic syndrome is not unequivocal. Only well-designed and -conducted clinical studies are capable of assessing the efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive macrolides in the treatment of asthma.
The Diverse Roles of Mast Cells (2001)

In this issue, Matsumoto et al. ([1][1]) report that histamine exocytosed from brain mast cells (MCs) after activation by antigenic cross-linking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FceRI) acts via Hl receptors at the hypothalamus to elicit corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). These findings reveal
Evidence of species specificity in the cytocidal effects of Pasteurella haemolytica (1980)

Pasteurella haemolytica was found to have a cytotoxic effect on the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of cattle, sheep, and goats, but no effect on the mononuclear leukocytes of swine, horses, or humans. In contrast, Escherichia coli caused marked cell death among mononuclear leukocytes of all species tested.
Dynamic Provisioning of Multi-tier Internet Applications (2005)

Dynamic capacity provisioning is a useful technique for handling the multi-time-scale variations seen in Internet workloads. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic provisioning technique for multitier Internet applications that employs (i) a flexible queuing model to determine how much resources to allocate to each tier of the application, and (ii) a combination of predictive and reactive methods that determine when to provision these resources, both at large and small time scales. Our experiments on a forty-machine Linux-based hosting platform demonstrate the responsiveness of our technique in handling dynamic workloads. In one scenario where a flash crowd caused the workload of a three-tier application to double, our technique was able to double the application capacity within five minutes, thus maintaining response time targets
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitionin vitrosuppresses lymphocyte proliferation and the production of immunoglobulins, autoantibodies and cytokines in splenocytes from MRLlpr/lprmice (2001)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the immunomodulating drug mycophenolic acid (MPA) on splenocytes in an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), using MRLlpr/lpr mice. MPA reversibly inhibits inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the de novo guanosine synthesis. Splenocytes were treated with MPA (at 1 or 10 microM), and stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/ml) or concanavalin A (ConA; 1.25 microg/ml). In blocking experiments, guanosine (100 microM) was added to the cultures to inhibit the effects of MPA. Lymphocyte proliferation, enumeration of immunoglobulin producing cells (using ELISPOT) and quantification of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibodies, IFN-gamma and IL-10 (by ELISA) in supernatants were performed. In addition, cell viability was evaluated using propidium iodide and flow cytometry. We found that MPA-treated splenocytes had dramatically decreased mitogen-induced proliferation and number of immunoglobulin producing cells, down-regulated production of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies. The viability of MPA-treated cells was also decreased. All of the effect modulated by MPA could be neutralized by the addition of guanosine. We conclude that MPA has potent immunomodulating effects on both B and T lymphocytes, modulating not only proliferation, but also the production of cytokines, immunoglobulins and autoantibodies.
Ultrasonic beacon-based Local Positioning System using Loosely Synchronous codes (2007)

This work presents the development of a local positioning system (LPS), based on the transmission of ultrasonic signals, which have been previously encoded by loosely synchronous (LS) codes. The LPS consists of several ultrasonic emitters located at known positions in the environment, and of a portable receiver that computes its position by measuring the differences in times of arrival (DTOA) between a reference emitter and the others. LS codes exhibit an interference free window (IFW) in the auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. Therefore, if the relative time-offset of the codes are within the IFW, it is possible to have simultaneous emissions without interference, as well as to reduce the multipath effect.
An audio representation for content based retrieval (2002)

Despite the increasing interest in multimedia data retrieval audio data has received little attention. This is due, not to a lack of interest but rather to unique difficulties posed by the medium. In particular existing unstructured audio representations do not easily lend themselves to content based retrieval and especially browsing. This paper aims to address this oversight by developing an audio representation that provides direct support for browsing and content based retrieval. This support is the result of a structured representation based on psychoacoustic principles in which salient attributes of audio are directly accessible. In addition, the representation is compact thus addressing the requirement for minimisation of storage.
Histopathology of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (1997)

These findings support the notion that in-stent restenosis results from SMC hyperplasia and suggest that adjunctive therapies designed to inhibit SMC proliferation may further enhance the utility of endovascular stents.
[The apoptosis of vero cells induced by Shiga toxin 2e]. (2009)

Stx2e induced intensively apoptosis of Vero cells, which was mediated through the mitochondrion-independent pathway and might be throught a receptor-dependent pathway.
Ovarian cancer screening—Current status, future directions (2013)

Evidence of a mortality benefit continues to elude ovarian cancer (OC) screening. Data from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial which used a screening strategy incorporating CA125 cut-off and transvaginal ultrasound has not shown mortality benefit. The United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) is using the Risk of Ovarian Cancer (ROC) time series algorithm to interpret CA125, which has shown an encouraging sensitivity and specificity however the mortality data will only be available in 2015. The article explores the impact of growing insights into disease aetiology and evolution and biomarker discovery on future screening strategies. A better understanding of the target lesion, improved design of biomarker discovery studies, a focus on detecting low volume disease using cancer specific markers, novel biospecimens such as cervical cytology and targeted imaging and use of time series algorithms for interpreting markers profile suggests that a new era in screening is underway.
Effect of testosterone propionate on the ultrastructure of the preputial gland in the rat (1976)

Testosterone propionate accelerates the maturation of acinar cells in the preputial gland of female rats. The weight of the preputial gland was increased significantly and the gland contained a large amount of secretory material. Various stages of maturation of acinar cells were observed. In an early stage, cells contained predominantly rough endoplasmic reticulum. In a second stage, lipid accumulated in association with focal areas of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Membrane-bound dense bodies similar to lysosomes and secondary lysosomes predominated in a late stage. In the final stage, acini fused with a duct, thereby liberating the cells into the ductal lumen. Cell structure then became unrecognizable.
Flow injection determination of lactate based on a photochemical reaction using photometric and chemiluminescence detection (1999)

A photochemical method for the determination of lactate using a flow-injection system is proposed. The method is based on the decomposition of lactate in the presence of UO2(2+) and Fe3+ upon irradiation with UV or visible light. The Fe2+ produced in the photochemical process was monitored by measuring the absorbance after complexation with ferrozine (lambda max = 562 nm) or the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity in a luminol system without added oxidant. The range of measurements depended on the length of the irradiation time and the detection system used. The detection limits using CL and photometric detection were 2 ng ml-1 and 50 ng ml-1, respectively. The sample throughput was 45 samples h-1. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated by determining lactate levels in blood serum, milk, yoghurt, beer and pharmaceutical preparations.
A Battery-Less Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit With 35 mV Startup Voltage (2010)

A battery-less thermoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit to extract electrical energy from human body heat is implemented in a 0.35 CMOS process. A mechanically assisted startup circuit enables operation of the system from input voltages as low as 35 mV. An efficient control circuit that performs maximal transfer of the extracted energy to a storage capacitor and regulates the output voltage at 1.8 V is presented.
Industry Perspective on the Medical Risk of Visible Particles in Injectable Drug Products (2015)

Sterile injectable products are used extensively in health care. Patients, caregivers, manufacturers, and regulators have an inherent expectation for safe and effective injectable drug products. This expectation requires injectable pharmaceuticals to be produced to standards of quality, purity, and
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) heparin binding domain binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (1992)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been strongly implicated in several aspects of neural development. NCAM mediated adhesion has been proposed to involve a homophilic interaction between NCAMs on adjacent cells. The heparin binding domain (HBD) is an amino acid sequence within NCAM and has been shown to be involved in NCAM mediated adhesion but the relationship of this domain to NCAM segments mediating homophilic adhesion has not been defined. In the present study, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the HBD has been used as a substrate to determine its role in NCAM mediated adhesion. A neural cell line expressing NCAM (B35) and its derived clone which does not express NCAM (B35 clone 3) adhered similarly to plates coated with HBD peptide. A polyclonal antiserum to NCAM inhibited B35 cell-HBD peptide adhesion by only 10%, a value not statistically different from inhibition caused by preimmune serum. Both these experiments suggested no direct NCAM-HBD interactions. To test whether the HBD peptide bound to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), HSPG synthesis was inhibited using beta-D-xyloside. After treatment, B35 cell adhesion to the HBD peptide, but not to control substrates, was significantly decreased. B35 cell adhesion to the HBD peptide could be inhibited by 10(-7) M heparin but not chondroitin sulfate. Preincubation of the substrate (HBD peptide) with heparin caused dramatic reduction of B35 cell-HBD peptide adhesion whereas preincubation of B35 cells with heparin caused only modest reductions in cell-HBD adhesion. Furthermore, inhibition of HSPG sulfation with sodium chlorate also decreased the adhesion of B35 cells to the HBD peptide. These results strongly suggest that, within the assay system, the NCAM HBD does not participate in homophilic interactions but binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan. This interaction potentially represents an important mechanism of NCAM adhesion and further supports the view that NCAM has multiple structurally independent binding sites.
Halosugar nucleosides. II. Iodination of secondary hydroxyl groups of nucleosides with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalosugar nucleosides. II. Iodination of secondary hydroxyl groups of nucleosides with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodideJulien P. H. Verheyden and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 9, 2868–2877Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00834a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dual functional BAFF receptor aptamers inhibit ligand-induced proliferation and deliver siRNAs to NHL cells (2013)

The B-cell-activating factor (BAFF)-receptor (BAFF-R) is restrictedly expressed on B-cells and is often overexpressed in B-cell malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. On binding to its ligand BAFF, proliferation and cell survival are increased, enabling cancer cells to proliferate faster than normal B-cells. Nucleic acid aptamers can bind to target ligands with high specificity and affinity and may offer therapeutic advantages over antibody-based approaches. In this study, we isolated several 2'-F-modified RNA aptamers targeting the B-cell-specific BAFF-R with nanomolar affinity using in vitro SELEX technology. The aptamers efficiently bound to BAFF-R on the surface of B-cells, blocked BAFF-mediated B-cell proliferation and were internalized into B-cells. Furthermore, chimeric molecules between the BAFF-R aptamer and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were specifically delivered to BAFF-R expressing cells with a similar efficiency as the aptamer alone. We demonstrate that a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA delivered by the BAFF-R aptamer was processed by Dicer and efficiently reduced levels of target mRNA and protein in Jeko-1 and Z138 human B-cell lines. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the dual-functional BAFF-R aptamer-siRNA conjugates are able to deliver siRNAs and block ligand mediated processes, suggesting it might be a promising combinatorial therapeutic agent for B-cell malignancies.