gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acyloxyacyl hydrolase, a leukocyte enzyme that deacylates bacterial lipopolysaccharides, has phospholipase, lysophospholipase, diacylglycerollipase, and acyltransferase activities in vitro. (1992)

Human acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) is a leukocyte enzyme that hydrolyzes acyloxyacyl bonds in the lipid A region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thereby detoxifying the LPS. We report here that the enzyme also acts in vitro on glycerophospholipids, lysophospholipids, and diacylglycerol. While AOAH preferentially removes palmitate or stearate from the sn-1 position of phospholipid and diacylglycerol substrates that have unsaturated acyl chains in the sn-2 position, it is able to cleave both palmitates from sn-1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and sn-1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol. This apparent preference for removing saturated (or shorter) acyl chains from glycerolipids is consistent with its ability to cleave laurate more rapidly than palmitoleate from lipopolysaccharide (Erwin, A. L., and Munford, R. S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 16444-16449). AOAH also catalyzes acyl transfer from LPS and phosphatidylethanolamine to acceptor lipids; approximately equal amounts of laurate and myristate are transferred from LPS to monooleoylglyceryl ether, forming acyloleoylglyceryl ether. The demonstration that AOAH has phospholipase, lysophospholipase, diacylglycerol lipase, and acyltransferase activities in vitro suggests that the enzyme may have roles in addition to LPS deacylation (detoxification) in phagocytic cells.
A porous one-dimensional coordination polymer composed of edge-shared hexagonal supramolecular units (2000)

A one-dimensional coordination polymer derived from edge-shared hexagonal units is reported. Each hexagon is composed of six nickel(II) cations linked by 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate. The ribbons of hexagons are held together by hydrogen bonding interactions through free carboxylic acid units. Large pores (ca. 33% of the crystal volume) exist within the crystal structure. These are filled with disordered butan-1-ol, which may be removed by heating to 150 &deg;C resulting in framework collapse
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Ligands:  Resolution, Absolute Stereochemistry, and Enantiopharmacology of 2-Amino-3-(4-butyl-3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)propionic Acid (1998)

(RS)-2-Amino-3-(4-butyl-3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)propionic acid (Bu-HIBO, 6) has previously been shown to be an agonist at (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and an inhibitor of CaCl2-dependent [3H]-(S)-glutamic acid binding (J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 3512-3519). To elucidate the pharmacological significance of this latter binding affinity, which is also shown by quisqualic acid (3) but not by AMPA, we have now resolved Bu-HIBO via diastereomeric salt formation using the diprotected Bu-HIBO derivative 11 and the enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine (PEA). The absolute stereochemistry of (S)-Bu-HIBO (7) (ee = 99.0%) and (R)-Bu-HIBO (8) (ee > 99.6%) were established by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of compound 15, a salt of (R)-PEA, and diprotected 8. Circular dichroism spectra of 7 and 8 were recorded. Whereas 7 (IC50 = 0.64 microM) and 8 (IC50 = 0.57 microM) were equipotent as inhibitors of CaCl2-dependent [3H]-(S)-glutamic acid binding, neither enantiomer showed significant affinity for the synaptosomal (S)-glutamic acid uptake system(s). AMPA receptor affinity (IC50 = 0.48 microM) and agonism (EC50 = 17 microM) were shown to reside exclusively in the S-enantiomer, 7. Compounds 7 and 8 did not interact detectably with kainic acid or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor sites. Neither 7 nor 8 affected the function of the metabotropic (S)-glutamic acid receptors mGlu2 and mGlu4a, expressed in CHO cells. Compound 8 was shown also to be inactive at mGlu1 alpha, whereas 7 was determined to be a moderately potent antagonist at mGlu1 alpha (Ki = 110 microM) and mGlu5a (Ki = 97 microM). Using the rat cortical wedge preparation, the AMPA receptor agonist effect of 7 was markedly potentiated by coadministration of 8 at 21 degrees C, but not at 2-4 degrees C. These observations together indicate that the potentiation of the AMPA receptor agonism of 7 by 8 is not mediated by metabotropic (S)-glutamate receptors but rather by the CaCl2-dependent (S)-glutamic acid binding system, which shows the characteristics of a transport mechanism. After intravenous administration in mice, 7 (ED50 = 44 mumol/kg) was slightly more potent than AMPA (1) (ED50 = 55 mumol/kg) and twice as potent as Bu-HIBO (6) (ED50 = 94 mumol/kg) as a convulsant, whereas 8 was inactive. After subcutaneous administration in mice, Bu-HIBO (ED50 = 110 mumol/kg) was twice as potent as AMPA (ED50 = 220 mumol/kg) as a convulsant. Since 7 and Bu-HIBO (EC50 = 37 microM) are much weaker than AMPA (EC50 = 3.5 microM) as AMPA receptor agonists in vitro, the presence of a butyl group in the molecules of Bu-HIBO and 7 seems to facilitate the penetration of these compounds through the blood-brain barrier.
HYPOGONADISM AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: IMPLICATIONS FOR TESTOSTERONE THERAPY (2005)

Hypogonadism is likely a fundamental component of metabolic syndrome. Testosterone therapy may not only treat hypogonadism, but may also have tremendous potential to slow or halt the progression from metabolic syndrome to overt diabetes or cardiovascular disease via beneficial effects on insulin regulation, lipid profile and blood pressure. Furthermore, the use of testosterone to treat metabolic syndrome may also lead to the prevention of urological complications commonly associated with these chronic disease states, such as neurogenic bladder and erectile dysfunction. Physicians must be mindful to evaluate hypogonadism in all men diagnosed with metabolic syndrome as well as metabolic syndrome in all men diagnosed with hypogonadism. Future research in the form of randomized clinical trials should focus on further defining the role of testosterone for metabolic syndrome.
Archimedes (2003)

It is possible to build a mathematical model that replicates the pathophysiology of diabetes at a high level of biological and clinical detail and that can be tested by simulating clinical trials.
Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry (1995)

The array of cytokines produced by T cells in effector sites is a primary means by which these cells mediate host defense. It is well recognized that cloned T cells are heterogeneous with regard to cytokine synthesis and, thus, in their ability to mediate specific immune responses, but the extent to which the patterns of cytokine secretion observed in cloned cells reflect actual populations of memory/effector T cells existing in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we report our findings using a multiparameter flow cytometric assay that allows simultaneous determination of an individual T-cell's ability to produce multiple cytokines and its phenotype after only short (4 to 8 hours) in vitro incubation with an activating stimulus and the secretion inhibitor Brefeldin A. This assay shows a rapid accumulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) in the cytoplasm of CD4+ cells after stimulation with either accessory cell-independent (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA] + ionomycin [I]) or accessory cell-dependent (staphylococcal enterotoxins [SE] A and B) T-cell-activating stimuli. Further analysis showed that production of gamma-IFN and IL-4 is predominantly, if not exclusively, restricted to the CD45ROhigh memory/effector T-cell subset, whereas IL-2 may be produced by both the CD45ROhigh and CD45ROlow subsets. Simultaneous determination of IL-2 and gamma-IFN production among CD45ROhigh/CD4+ T cells showed distinct subsets that produce each of these cytokines alone (an average of 30% for IL-2 alone, 8% for gamma-IFN alone), both (16%), or neither (46%). Similar analyses with the small IL-4-producing memory/effector T-cell subset (only 4.3% of total CD4+/CD45ROhigh T cells) showed that an average of 51% of these IL-4-producing cells also synthesize average of 51% of these IL-4-producing cells also synthesize IL-2, 23% synthesize only IL-4, 16% synthesize all three cytokines, and 9.6% synthesize IL-4 and gamma-IFN. These patterns of cytokine synthesis were found to be similar with both PMA + I and SEA/SEB stimulation and were observed in both peripheral blood memory/effector CD4+ T cells and in T cells of similar phenotype obtained from cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity sites. Taken together, these data strongly support the in vivo existence of human memory/effector T-cell subsets with "preprogrammed" cytokine synthesis potential, although they suggest that these subsets may be more complex than originally proposed in the TH1/TH2 hypothesis.
Not All Errors Are Alike: Theta and Alpha EEG Dynamics Relate to Differences in Error-Processing Dynamics (2012)

Performance errors in conflict tasks often result from inappropriate action impulses, and are thought to signal the need for increased control over the motor system. However, errors may also result from lapses in sustained attention, which may require different monitoring and adaptation mechanisms. Distinguishing between the mechanisms of adaptation is important as both error types may occur intermixed. To this end, we measured EEG of healthy human subjects while they performed three variants of the Simon task in which errors were more likely to occur due to attentional lapses, failures of motor control, or both. Behavioral results showed that subjects exhibited less conflict effects and less impulsive errors in sustained attention compared with the other Simon conditions. Time-frequency analyses of EEG data showed that the sustained attention Simon condition, compared with the motor control Simon condition, was characterized by: (1) less error-related MFC theta (4-8 Hz) power and an absence of error-related MFC-DLPFC theta phase synchronization; (2) stronger error-related suppression of parieto-occipital alpha (8-12 Hz) power and stronger parieto-occipital-frontal alpha synchronization. A control experiment, using SART (the Sustained Attention to Response Test), confirmed that adaptation after attentional lapses involved posterior alpha power suppression, in addition to inter-regional frontal theta activity. Together, these results suggest that at least two cortical mechanisms exist for performance monitoring, and that different tasks and task-settings can recruit these mechanisms in a different way. Post-error brain dynamics thus consist of heterogeneous activity from multiple neurocognitive processes.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Actions of Ferulic Acid and Catechins (1993)

We have evaluated the abilities of ferulic acid, (+/-) catechin, (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin to scavenge the reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical (OH.), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxyl radicals (RO2.). Ferulic acid tested at concentrations up to 5 mM inhibited the peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes. Both (+/-) and (+) catechin and (-) epicatechin were much more effective. All the compounds tested reacted with trichloromethyl peroxyl radical (CCl3 O2.) with rate constants > 1 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. A mixture of FeCl3-EDTA, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ascorbic acid at pH 7.4, has often been used to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH.) which are detected by their ability to cause damage to the sugar deoxyribose. Ferulic acid, (+) and (+/-) catechin and (-) epicatechin inhibited deoxyribose damage by reacting with OH. with rate constants of 4.5 x 10(9)M-1 s-1, 3.65 x 10(9) M-1 s-1, 2.36 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 and 2.84 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 respectively. (-) Epicatechin, ferulic acid and the (+) and (+/-) catechins exerted pro-oxidant action, accelerating damage to DNA in the presence of a bleomycin-iron complex. On a molar basis, ferulic acid was less effective in causing damage to DNA compared with the catechins. A mixture of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase generates O2-. which reduces cytochrome c to ferrocytochrome c. (+) Catechin and (-) epicatechin inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c in a concentration dependent manner. Ferulic acid and (+/-) catechin had only weak effects. All the compounds tested were able to scavenge hypochlorous acid at a rate sufficient to protect alpha-1-antiproteinase against inactivation. Our results show that catechins and ferulic acid possess antioxidant properties. This may become important given the current search for "natural" replacements for synthetic antioxidant food additives.
Determination of B-Cell Epitopes in Patients with Celiac Disease: Peptide Microarrays (2016)

These novel sets of epitopes derived from gliadin have a high degree of accuracy in differentiating CD from controls, compared with standard serologic tests. The method of ultra-high-density peptide microarray described here would be broadly useful to develop high-fidelity diagnostic tests and explore pathogenesis.
Initial Experience with Surgical Treatment Planning in the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patient at High Risk for BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 Mutation (2004)

Despite an abundance of information available for dealing with patients with BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, little guidance is available to assist the surgeon in dealing with the genetically high-risk patient recently diagnosed with breast cancer. A retrospective review was undertaken of 170 patients who underwent genetic counseling and testing over a 3-year period from March 2000 to March 2003. Forty-three of the 170 patients tested were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to genetic testing. Nine patients (20.9%) tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Fifty-eight percent underwent genetic counseling prior to definitive cancer surgery. Five of the 25 patients who underwent lumpectomy tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Testing results became available during systemic therapy or radiation was delayed until results were known. After counseling, all five patients testing positive went on to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction. None had radiation therapy. Because of a strong family history, eight patients elected to undergo prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction prior to obtaining genetic test results; and despite compelling histories, all eight tested negative for a mutation. Treatment algorithms are developed to manage patients that are first discovered to be at high risk for a BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation at the time they are diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer who are discovered to be at high risk for a genetic mutation should undergo counseling prior to definitive surgery. This maximizes the time that patients have to consider options for prophylaxis and monitoring should their test be positive. It also prevents women who would otherwise be candidates for breast preservation from undergoing unnecessary radiation therapy should they chose prophylactic mastectomy in the face of a positive test.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antifolate Activity of Rotationally Restricted Aminopterin and Methotrexate Analogues (2004)

Heretofore unknown analogues of aminopterin (AMT) and methotrexate (MTX) in which free rotation of the amide bond between the phenyl ring and amino acid side chain is prevented by a CH(2) bridge were synthesized and tested for in vitro antifolate activity. The K(i) of the AMT analogue (9) against human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was 34 pM, whereas that of the MTX analogue (10) was 2100 pM. Both compounds were less potent than the parent drugs. However, although the difference between AMT and MTX was <2-fold, the difference between 9 and 10 was 62-fold, suggesting that the effect of N(10)-methyl substitution is amplified in the bridged compounds. The K(i) values of 9 and 10 as inhibitors of [(3)H]MTX influx into CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells via the reduced folate carrier (RFC) were 0.28 and 1.1 muM, respectively. The corresponding K(i) and K(t) values determined earlier for AMT and MTX were 5.4 and 4.7 muM, respectively. Thus, in contrast to its unfavorable effect on DHFR binding, the CH(2) bridge increased RFC binding. In a 72 h growth assay with CCRF-CEM cells, the IC(50) values of 9 and 10 were 5.1 and 140 nM, respectively, a 27-fold difference that was qualitatively consistent with the observed combination of weaker DHFR binding and stronger RFC binding. Although rotationally restricted inhibitors of other enzymes of folate pathway enzymes have been described previously, 9 and 10 are the first reported examples of DHFR inhibitors of this type.
Thermally Decomposed Cottonseed Oil as a Diesel Engine Fuel (1993)

Abstract Cottonseed oil was thermally decomposed at 450°C using 1 % Na2 3 as a catalyst. The pyrolyzed oil was analyzed for its content of hydrocarbons and found to be made mainly ot alkanes (70%) in addition to alkenes and aromatics with carbon number ranging from 8 to 20. Fuel properties of the cracked oil were characterized and compared with those of no. 2 diesel fuel. The pyrolyzate had lower viscosity, flashpoint, and pour point than diesel fuel. The calorific values of both oils were the same, but the cetane number of the pyrolytic oil was lower.
Benzamidopiperidines. 2. Heterocyclic compounds related to indoramin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzamidopiperidines. 2. Heterocyclic compounds related to indoraminJohn L. Archibald and Gerald A. BenkeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 7, 736–739Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00253a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00253a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of rubber artificial muscle manipulator as a rehabilitation robot (1997)

The application of a robot to rehabilitation has become a matter of great concern. This paper deals with functional recovery therapy, one important aspect of physical rehabilitation. Single-joint therapy machines have already been achieved. However, for more efficient therapy, multjoint robots are necessary to achieve more realistic motion patterns. This kind of robot must have a high level of safety for humans. A pneumatic actuator may be available for such a robot, because of the compliance of compressed air. A pneumatic rubber artificial muscle manipulator has been applied to construct a therapy robot with two degrees of freedom (DOF). Also, an impedance control strategy is employed to realize various motion modes for the physical therapy modes. Further, for efficient rehabilitation, it is desirable to comprehend the physical condition of the patient. Thus, the mechanical impedance of the human arm is used as an objective evaluation of recovery, and an estimation method is proposed. Experiments show the suitability of the proposed rehabilitation robot system.
Novel Surface Preparation Methods for Covalent and Conductive Bonded Interfaces Fabrication (2014)

A novel wafer bonding technology, designed to enable covalent and conductive wafer bonding processes at low temperature was developed. Covalent and conductive bonding processes at low temperatures and even room temperature may become key technology in order to fabricate high performance junctions in compound semiconductor integration applications. This work is presenting the first process qualification results obtained for Si wafers. Apart from equipment characterization data, e.g. particle contamination, data presented here include HR-TEM, EDXS and bond strength analysis achieved for Si-Si hydrophobic wafer bonding.
울릉도 미역고사리(Polypodium vulgare L.) 자생지의 입지환경특성 (2012)

본 연구는 희귀식물로 지정되어 있는 울릉도 미역고사리의 자생지 환경을 조사하여 보전 및 복원 시 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 조사결과 미역고사리의 자생지는 해발고도 410~748m 범위와 경사 $12{\sim}80^{\circ}$ 의 암석지에 주로 생육하는 것으로 조사되었다. 식생분석결과 4개 지역의 10개 방형구내에서 조사된 관속식물은 총 66분류군이었다. 자생지 상층수목 중 교목층의 중요치는 고로쇠나무(49.52%)가 아교목층은 당마가목(28.99%)이 가장 높았으며, 관목층은 바위수국(51.99%), 섬쥐똥나무(8.82%), 너도밤나무(7.25%)가 높은 값을 보였다. 초본층은 미역고사리가 23.23%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로는 큰두루미꽃(9.65%), 파리풀(9.23%), 관중(8.40%), 산꼬리사초(6.75%), 섬바디(5.42%) 등이 높은 값을 보여 이 종류들이 친화도가 높은 것으로 판단된다. 종다양도는 1.18로 산출되었으며, 우점도와 균등도는 각각 0.11와 0.84로 확인되었다. 토양분석 결과 토성은 사양토로 나타났으며, 포장용수량은 30.42%, 유기물함량은 17.95%, pH는 4.70으로 측정되었다. 환경특성과 식생 및 토양분석 결과에 기초한 상관분석에서는 종다양도와 종풍부도는 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 종다양도와 우점도 그리고 미역고사리의 피도와 종풍부도는 부의상관관계를 형성하였다. 【The habitats characteristics of Polypodium vulgare L. in Ulleung-do were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 410~748m with inclinations of $12{\sim}80^{\circ}$ . Sixty six vascular plants were identified from 10 quadrats in 4 habitats. Dominant species among the woody plants, based on importance value, were Acer pictum subsp. mono(49.52%) in the tree (T1) layer, Sorbus amurensis(28.99%) in the subtree (T2) and Schizophragma hydrangeoides(51.99%), Ligustrum foliosum(8.82%), Fagus engleriana(7.25%) in the shrub (S) layer. Importance value for members of the herb (H) layer were as follows: Polypodium vulgare 23.23%; Maianthemum dilatatum 9.65%; Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica 9.23%; Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8.40%; Carex shimidzensis 6.75% and Dystaenia takesimana 5.42%. The importance value of the last five species were high, so they were at affinity with Polypodium vulgare in their habitats. Species diversity was 1.18, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.11 and 0.84, respectively. The soil types were sandy loam. Average field capacity was 30.42%, and the organic matter and pH were 17.95%, and 4.70. Correlation coefficients based on environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis were showed that positive correlations between species diversity and species richness, whereas between species diversity and dominance, coverage of Polypodium vulgare and species richness were showed negative correlations.】
Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Human HEP G2 Hepatoma Cells: Predicted Protein Sequence Suggests an IGF Binding Domain Different from Those of the IGF-I and IGF-II Receptors (1988)

The primary structure of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein produced by human HEP G2 hepatoma cells has been deduced from the cDNA sequence. The 234 amino acid protein has a predicted molecular mass of 25,274 and contains a single, distinctive cysteine-rich region. The N-terminal sequence of this protein is quite similar to the limited sequence data available for a rat IGF binding protein produced by BRL-3A cells and suggests a common ancestral origin. In contrast, the HEP G2 IGF binding protein sequence bears no similarity to the N-terminal 15 amino acids of a 53 kilodalton binding protein purified from human plasma. Comparison of full-length protein sequences for the IGF-I and IGF-II receptors with that of the HEP G2 IGF binding protein also fails to demonstrate any significant similarities among these three proteins, and suggests that each contains a unique binding domain for the IGF peptides.