gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium flavum. (1987)

NADP-Specific G6P dehydrogenase was partially purified from Brevibacterium flavum. Its activity, with an optimum pH of 7.5, was stabilized by KC1 or Mg2+ and inhibited by diamide, a sulfhydryl reagent. It was also inhibited by oxaloacetate, FBP, PRPP, acetyl-CoA, Ru5P, xylulose 5-phosphate and NADPH. Among them, oxaloacetate showed the strongest inhibition. The concentration of oxaloacetate giving 50% inhibition was 0.09 mm. The inhibitions by oxaloacetate, FBP, PRPP, and NADPH were non-competitive, mixed, and competitive for both the substrates, respectively. Oxaloacetate in combination with FBP, PRPP, or Ru5P inhibited the activity cumulatively. The sensitivities to the oxaloacetate, FBP, and PRPP inhibitions were lost on ammonium sulfate treatment, whereas that to NADPH inhibition was not affected at all. The inhibition by oxaloacetate was specific to glutamate-producing bacteria belonging to the genera, Brevibacterium and Corynebacterium, in contrast to those by FBP and PRPP, which were found in almost all bacteria tested. G6P dehydrogenase in B. flavum was induced by glucose when it was cultured on acetate, succinate, or glutamate.
High-affinity binding of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to normal and leukemic human myeloid cells. (1986)

Purified natural and biosynthetic (recombinant) human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulate colony formation by myeloid progenitor cells and enhance the function of mature neutrophils. Both of these actions occur at concentrations between 1 and 100 pM, with half-maximal stimulation at 10-20 pM. We have examined specific binding of 125I-labeled GM-CSF to responsive target cells in this range of concentrations. The results show a low number (50-250) of high-affinity (15-30 pM) binding sites on GM-CSF-responsive leukemic cells (KG-1, HL-60), as well as on peripheral blood neutrophils from normal donors. This high-affinity binding component was absent from unresponsive cell lines (KG-1a, K562). These results suggest that this binding site mediates the biological activities of GM-CSF on both proliferation and function of myeloid cells.
HIF‐1α: coordinates lymphangiogenesis during wound healing and in response to inflammation (2011)

This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms that coordinate lymphangiogenesis. Using mouse models of lymphatic regeneration and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis, we explored the hypothesis that hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of lymphangiogenesis. We show that HIF-1α inhibition by small molecule inhibitors (YC-1 and 2-methyoxyestradiol) results in delayed lymphatic repair, decreased local vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression, reduced numbers of VEGF-C(+) cells, and reductions in inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Using transgenic HIF-1α/luciferase mice to image HIF-1α expression in real time in addition to Western blot analysis and pimonidazole staining for cellular hypoxia, we demonstrate that hypoxia stabilizes HIF-1α during initial stages of wound repair (1-2 wk); whereas inflammation secondary to gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis stabilizes HIF-1α thereafter (3-6 wk). In addition, we show that CD4(+) cell-mediated inflammation is necessary for this response and regulates HIF-1α expression by macrophages, as CD4-deficient or CD4-depleted mice demonstrate 2-fold reductions in HIF-1α expression as compared to wild-types. In summary, we show that HIF-1α is a critical coordinator of lymphangiogenesis by regulating the expression of lymphangiogenic cytokines as part of an early response mechanism to hypoxia, inflammation, and lymphatic fluid stasis.
Preparation andin vitroactivity of liposome encapsulated opioids (1989)

Four opiate molecules: morphine, naloxone, meperidine and codeine have been encapsulated in liposomes. The encapsulation efficiency has been studied as a function of the following parameters: liposome preparation method, lipid composition and opioid molecule hydrophobicity. The most important parameter as far as the entrapment efficiency is concerned is the liposome preparation method. The opioid activity of these molecules in vitro (Guinea Pig Ileum preparation) has been determined. No differences in the IC50 values could be found between encapsulated and free drug molecules.
Germ line integration and Mendelian transmission of the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus. (1976)

Mice were infected with the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV) at two different stages of development. Either newborn mice (which can be considered as essentially fully differentiated animals) or preimplantation mouse embryos (at the 4-8 cell stage) were infected with M-MuLV. In both cases, animals that had developed an M-MuLV-induced leukemia were obtained. Two lines of evidence indicate that infection of preimplantation embryos, in contrast to infection of newborns, can lead to integration of the virus into the germ line. 1. Viremic males of the first backcross generation (N-1 generation) transmitted the virus to 50% of their offspring (N-2 generation) when mated with uninfected females. Likewise, a 50% transmission was observed from viremic N-2 and N-3 males to the next generations. 2. Molecular hybridization experiments revealed that viremic N-1 and N-2 animals carried one copy of M-MuLV per diploid mouse genome equivalent in all "non-target" organs tested. Together, both experiments indicate that the exogenous M-MuLV can be converted to an endogenous virus after infection of preimplantation embryos. The available evidence suggests that M-MuLV integrated into the germ line at one out of two possible integration sites. Thus, viremic backcross animals are heterozygous for a single Mendelian locus carrying the M-MuLV gene. During leukemogenesis an amplification of the M-MuLV from one copy to a maximum of four copies per diploid mouse genome equivalent takes place in the tumor tissues.
Studies in Conjugated lmines : Addition of Active Methylene Compounds (1969)

Studies in Conjugated lmines : Addition of Active Methylene Compounds
Effective Treatment of Established Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Systemic Administration of Dendritic Cells Genetically Modified to Express IL-4 (2001)

Dendritic cells (DC) are APCs that are able to stimulate or inhibit immune responses, depending on levels of expression of MHC class I and II costimulatory molecules and cytokines. Our previous studies have suggested that the observed contralateral effect, where injection of a vector carrying certain immunomodulatory genes into one joint resulted in inhibition of arthritis in untreated joints, is mediated by in vivo modification of DC. Therefore, we have examined the ability of genetically modified DC to suppress established murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) after i.v. delivery. IL-4 has been shown to partially reduce the severity of CIA after repeated injection of recombinant protein or by injection of an adenoviral vector expressing IL-4. Here we demonstrate that i.v. injection of immature DC, infected with an adenoviral vector expressing IL-4, into mice with established CIA resulted in almost complete suppression of disease, with no recurrence for up to 4 wk posttreatment. Injection i.v. of fluorescently labeled DC demonstrated that the cells rapidly migrated to the liver and spleen after 6 h and to the lymph nodes by 24 h. In culture, spleen cells from DC/IL-4-treated mice produced less IFN-gamma after stimulation by collagen than did control groups. In addition, DC/IL-4 administration decreased the level of specific Abs against type II collagen, in particular the IgG2 Th1 isotype 14 days posttreatment. These results demonstrate the ability to treat effectively established murine arthritis by systemic administration of DC expressing IL-4.
IL-10: a novel cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor (1991)

A previous report concluded that a new cytokine, designated IL-10, is a growth cofactor for thymocytes, spleen, and lymph node cells. In this report, we have focused on the effects of IL-10 on CD8+ spleen T cells. We first observed that IL-10 enhances the growth of CD8+ T cells to IL-2. We then investigated the effect of murine rIL-10 on the induction of murine effector CTL from CTL precursors (CTL-p) using both bulk and filler cell-free limiting-dilution cultures. IL-10 alone could not induce Con A-activated FACS-sorted CD8+ T cells either to proliferate or to generate effector CTL. In combination with IL-2, however, IL-10 augmented the cytolytic activity of effector CTL generated from Con A-activated spleen CD8+ T cells in bulk cultures incubated for 5 days. In limiting-dilution cultures (using solid-phase anti-CD3 mAb as stimulus), IL-10, in combination with IL-2, substantially increased the CTL-p frequency and augmented the cytolytic activity per clone expanded from one CD8+ T cell when compared with cells cultured in IL-2 alone. Kinetic studies showed that IL-10 is required at both early and late culture stages for optimal generation of effector CTL. The potentiating effects of IL-10 on CTL function were neutralized by an anti-IL-10 mAb. These results indicate that IL-10 has direct effects on mature T cells, and suggest that IL-10 also functions as a cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor, which promotes a higher number of IL-2-activated CTL-p to proliferate and differentiate into effector CTL. In contrast, IL-10 did not enhance significantly the lymphokine-activated killer cell activity of IL-2-grown CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.
Mutation nomenclature extensions and suggestions to describe complex mutations: A discussion (2000)

Consistent gene mutation nomenclature is essential for efficient and accurate reporting, testing, and curation of the growing number of disease mutations and useful polymorphisms being discovered in the human genome. While a codified mutation nomenclature system for simple DNA lesions has now been adopted broadly by the medical genetics community, it is inherently difficult to represent complex mutations in a unified manner. In this article, suggestions are presented for reporting just such complex mutations.
<title>Light-up-probe-based real-time Q-PCR</title> (2001)

The light-up probe is a recently developed probe for monitoring PCR amplification in real time. It is a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) coupled to an asymmetric cyanine dye that becomes fluorescent upon binding nucleic acids. The light-up probe is used to monitor product accumulation in regular three steps PCR. It is designed to bind target DNA at annealing temperature, where the fluorescent signal is recorded, and to dissociate at elongation temperature. Here we study the effect of experimental conditions on light-up probe monitored real-time PCR. In particular, we study the effects of Mg2, primer, dNTP, Taq and probe concentrations. We find that the light-up probe can be used to monitor product formation under a wide range of conditions. Lowest threshold cycle, reflecting minimal inhibition of the PCR reaction, and large fluorescence enhancement, reflecting efficient probe binding and substantial amount of product formation, was observed in 3 mM [Mg2] 10 mM, 0.4 tM [primer], 50 iM [dNTP] 600 jiM, 0.5 U [Taqi, using 0.2 iM [light-up probe] 1 riM. Some light-up probe fluorescence enhancement is observed in non-template controls (ntc), i.e., samples containing all PCR components but template, which gives rise to primer-dimer products. This signal has a distinct shape and it reaches lower amplitudes than signals from positive samples, which makes it readily distinguishable.
Policy responses to external shocks: the experiences of Australia, Brazil, and Chile (2005)

Las economias abiertas, especialmente las economias emergentes y las exportadoras de productos primarios, tienen que hacer frente a grandes shocks externos. Las reacciones de politica y el marco de politica economica pueden potencialmente amplificar o atenuar las consecuencias de estos shocks. En este trabajo analizamos las experiencias de Australia, Brasil y Chile en cuanto a sus reacciones de politica economica a los mayores shocks de los ultimos ocho anos y presentamos una descripcion de los distintos marcos de politica macroeconomica implementados por estos paises.
A Deletion Truncating the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Is Responsible for Hypogonadism in the hpg Mouse (1986)

Hereditary hypogonadism in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse is caused by a deletional mutation of at least 33.5 kilobases encompassing the distal half of the gene for the common biosynthetic precursor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH-associated peptide (GAP). The partially deleted gene is transcriptionally active as revealed by in situ hybridization histochemistry of hpg hypothalamic tissue sections, but immunocytochemical analysis failed to show the presence of antigen corresponding to any part of the precursor protein.
Direct and indirect antioxidant properties of inducers of cytoprotective proteins (2008)

Cellular protection against oxidative and electrophile toxicities is provided by two types of small-molecule antioxidants: (i) direct antioxidants, which are redox active, short-lived, are sacrificed in the process of their antioxidant actions and need to be replenished or regenerated, and may evoke pro-oxidant effects; and (ii) indirect antioxidants, that may or may not be redox active. Indirect antioxidants activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway resulting in transcriptional induction of a battery of cytoprotective proteins (also known as phase 2 enzymes) that act catalytically, are not consumed, have long half-lives, and are unlikely to evoke pro-oxidant effects. These protective systems are involved in a complex functional interplay, such that many cytoprotective proteins participate in the synthesis and/or regeneration of direct antioxidants, whereas some direct antioxidants are required for the catalytic functions of cytoprotective proteins. Importantly, many inducers of cytoprotective proteins have been isolated from edible plants, e. g., sulforaphane from broccoli and curcumin from turmeric. Both are pleiotropic agents with multiple biological activities that could collectively contribute to their protective effects in various animal studies, including models of carcinogenesis, hypertension, neuronal and retinal damage. In addition to inducing cytoprotective proteins, molecules like curcumin which contain Michael acceptor functionalities (olefins or acetylenes conjugated to electron withdrawing groups) and phenolic hydroxyl groups can scavenge directly and potently oxygen- and nitrogen-centered reactive intermediates. Such bifunctional antioxidants can play a dual protective role by: (i) scavenging hazardous oxidants directly and instantaneously, and (ii) inducing cytoprotective enzymes that in turn function to resolve the consequences of hazardous processes that are already in progress, and to ensure long-term protection against subsequent challenges.
Purification and Some Properties of Soluble Phospholipase B from Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (1985)

Phospholipase B from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was purified by acid treatment of the crude extract, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sepharose 4B, and Bio-Gel HTP. The purified preparation had lysophospholipase activity and phospholipase B activity in a ratio of 16:1. The optimum pH of both activities was 3.5 ~ 4.0. The enzyme was a glycoprotein and its molecular size was somewhat heterogeneous, ranged from about 280,000 to 420,000 by gel filtration. Phospholipase B activity was strongly stimulated by 0.1 % DOC, but lysophospholipase activity was completely inhibited by the detergent. Neither activity was stimulated by Ca2+ and both were inhibited by SDS, Triton X-100, and Fe3+. The enzyme hydrolyzed the acyl ester bonds of phosphatidylcholine sequentially, first the 2-acyl and then the 1-acyl groups. The Km values for phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine were 0.63 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively.
Extraction of Layerwise Conductivities in Carbon-Enhanced, Multilayered LiFePO[sub 4] Cathodes (2005)

We performed experimental studies to determine electronic properties of multilayered cathodes in order to quantify reductions in matrix resistivity and/or contact resistances between matrices and current collectors by addition of carbon black and graphite. In order to extract these layerwise and interlayer properties, we extended the Schumann-Gardner approach to analysis of a four-point probe experiment and solved the resulting coupled nonlinear equations numerically. We studied five cathodes with varying amounts and types (carbon black, graphite) of conductive additives. particles within the electrodes were precoated with carbon before mixing with additives and binder. Experimental results showed reductions of in electrical resistivities of matrix with addition of carbon black from ; addition of graphite additives produced only small reductions. For concentrations above of conductive additives, homogeneous electronic resistivities were observed. Contact resistances at interfaces between matrix and carbon coating of current collector and between carbon coating and current collector were similar in all cases, indicating consistency in manufacturing. Future work will focus on combining models for capacitive loss with models for conductive properties, along with experimental verifications.
MULTI OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION FOR AN ECONOMICAL DIVIDING WALL COLUMN DESIGN (2010)

The dividing wall column is experiencing a growing interest in industry. The concern about difficult controllability vanishes further and this leads to growing demand of approved guidelines for the design which is indeed time consuming if no expert knowledge is available. In this contribution the design task of a dividing wall column is treated as multi objective optimisation. Backbone of this optimised design method is a mathematical process model verified by an extensive experimental investigation. The optimisation itself allows to identify the best trade-off designs effectively regarding investment and operating costs as well as other constraints without any limitations for a fact based investment decision.
Selective enhancement by an antiviral agent of the radiation-induced cell killing of human glioma cells transduced with HSV-tk gene. (1994)

The activation of antiviral drugs as a consequence of thymidine kinase expression has been shown in recent years to have potential as a treatment for malignant tumors. It was hypothesized that the property of the drugs that make them effective against viruses and proliferating cells, namely their ability to interfere with the integrity of the DNA, may be exploited to sensitize cells to radiation damage. The antiviral drug, BVdUrd, structurally a pyrimidine analogue, was found to enhance selectively the radiation cytotoxicity of human tumor cells transduced with the HSV-tk thymidine kinase gene. Human glioma cells from the U-251 lineage transduced with HSV-tk and exposed to 40 micrograms/ml of BVdUrd for 24 h prior to irradiation were more sensitive to radiation compared with control cells under the same conditions; the sensitization enhancement ratio was 1.9. The results suggest that the addition of radiation will improve the effectiveness of HSV-tk gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors.
Specificity of Inhibition of Epithelial Cell Adhesion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1976)

Inhibition of epithelial cell adhesion (attachment) for individual strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is antigenically distinct.
Carboxypeptidase-mediated enhancement of nitric oxide production in rat lungs and microvascular endothelial cells (2004)

Membrane-bound regulatory carboxypeptidases cleave only COOH-terminal basic residues from peptides and proteins. To investigate whether carboxypeptidase-generated arginine can increase nitric oxide (NO) synthesis we perfused rat lungs from animals challenged with LPS or used rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVEC) stimulated with LPS and IFN-gamma, conditions that induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression. Addition of carboxypeptidase substrate furylacryloyl-Ala-Arg (Fa-A-R) or Arg to the lung perfusate increased NO production two- to threefold. The carboxypeptidase inhibitor 2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid (MGTA) blocked the effect of Fa-A-R but not free Arg. Lysine, an Arg transport inhibitor, blocked the increase in NO stimulated by Fa-A-R. HPLC analysis showed that Fa-A-R hydrolysis was blocked by MGTA but not lysine. In cytokine-treated RLMVEC, Fa-A-R also stimulated NO production inhibited by MGTA or lysine. Membrane fractions from rat lungs or RLMVEC contained carboxypeptidase M-like activity at neutral pH that increased twofold in RLMVEC treated with LPS + IFN-gamma. The kinetics of NO production in RLMVEC was measured with a porphyrinic microsensor. Addition of 1 mM Arg or Fa-A-R to cells preincubated in Arg-free medium resulted in a slowly rising, prolonged (>20 min) NO output. NO production stimulated by Fa-A-R was blocked by MGTA or iNOS inhibitor 1400W. HPLC analysis of Fa-A-R hydrolysis revealed only 3.7 microM Arg was released over 20 min. Thus NO production in RLMVEC is stimulated more efficiently by Arg released from carboxypeptidase substrates than free Arg. These studies reveal a novel mechanism by which the Arg supply for NO production in inflammatory conditions may be maintained.
Efficient Compression of Multi-View Depth Data Based on MVC (2007)

This paper presents a method for efficient compression of multi-view depth data based on our multi-view video coding approach for color data. The idea is to exploit statistical dependencies from both temporal and inter-view reference pictures for prediction. For this purpose a multi-view video data set including color and depth information is analyzed in terms of coding efficiency. Coding experiments using prediction structures with and without inter-view reference pictures are performed with multi-view depth data and compared to multi-view video coding. The results show that additionally applying inter-view prediction to temporal prediction with hierarchical B pictures improves coding efficiency for depth as well as color, reporting average gains in PSNR-Y of 0.5 dB for depth and 0.3 dB for color.
Synthesis of epothilone D with the forced application of oxycyclopropane intermediates (2011)

The total synthesis of epothilone D with six-fold application in the intermediate stages of successive cyclopropanation — opening or cleavage of the three-membered ring was performed. These transformations underlie the new stereoselective method developed for coupling fragments C7–C12 and C13–C21 in the target molecule.
Simultaneous amplification of wavelength-division-multiplexed signals by a highly efficient fibre Raman amplifier pumped by high-power semiconductor lasers (1987)

We describe the first operation of a high-power semiconductor-laser pumped fibre Raman amplifier (FRA) using high-Raman-gain optical fibre in the 1.5μm region. A high optical gain of 5 dB for 60mW of pump power is obtained. We have also achieved simultaneous amplification of wavelength-division-multiplexed signals by the FRA.
OADM and WDM channel management using programmable holographic filters (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. J. Mears, A. D. Cohen, M. C. Parker, C. R. S. Fludger, and N. J. Jones, "OADM and WDM channel management using programmable holographic filters," in Integrated Photonics Research, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper RMB2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article