gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining Heat Unit Requirements for Broccoli Harvest in Coastal South Carolina (1997)

The objective of this research was to determine the least variable method to predict the dates of the first and last broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var Italica ) harvests based on heat unit summation using coefficients of variation ( cv ). The method with the lowest cv for predicting first harvest was to sum, over days from planting to harvest, the difference between the growing season mean (GSM) temperature and a base temperature of 7.2 °C. If the GSM maximum (max) temperature, however, was &gt;26.7 °C, an adjusted max temperature was calculated by first subtracting 26.7 °C from the GSM max temperature and then subtracting the GSM mean temperature. Then the growing degree days (GDDs) were summed by subtracting the base temperature of 7.2 °C from the average of the GSM minimum (min) and adjusted max temperatures. This method produced a cv of 3.96 compared to 4.13 for the standard method of summing over the entire growing season, the mean temperature minus the base temperature of 4.4 °C. The method with the lowest cv for predicting last harvest was to sum, over days from planting to harvest, the difference between the GSM max temperature and a base temperature of 7.2 °C. If the GSM max temperature, however, was &gt;29.4 °C, the base temperature was subtracted from 29.4 °C and not the actual GSM max temperature. This method produced a cv of 3.71 compared to 4.10 for the standard method of summing over the growing season, the mean temperature minus the base of 4.4 °C.
Gross Genomic Aberrations in Precancers: Clinical Implications of a Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Oral Erythroplakias (2002)

Gross genomic aberrations are highly predictive for the subsequent occurrence of carcinomas from a wide range of oral premalignancies.
BLOCKADE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR REDUCES LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE LETHALITY, BUT NOT THE LETHALITY OF CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (1995)

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity has afforded protection in several animal models of sepsis. We examined whether inhibition of TNF could improve survival after lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in CD-1 or BALB/c mice. Neutralizing rabbit anti-TNF antisera were evaluated in CD-1 mice by injecting the antisera 3 h before intravenous (i.v.) LPS (600 micrograms). Implantable radiotransmitters were used for continuous monitoring of temperature. No decrease in mortality was observed, and the anti-TNF failed to prevent the drop in temperature. In BALB/c mice injected with antisera before LPS (200 micrograms) mortality was reduced (dead/total: control sera, 14/14; anti-TNF, 4/12; p = .007 control sera vs. anti-TNF). CD-1 mice were pretreated with anti-TNF or control sera; CLP was performed followed by administration of antibiotics. Anti-TNF did not decrease pulmonary neutrophil sequestration, improve survival, or prevent the decrease in temperature observed as sepsis developed. CLP was performed in the BALB/c mice using antibiotics plus anti-TNF antisera, but no protection was observed. Our results demonstrate that anti-TNF treatment prevents LPS mortality only when using certain strains of mice and inhibition of TNF fails to reduce mortality in a more clinically relevant model of sepsis.
Nghiên cưu nuôi cấy in vitro noãn và bao phấn ớt (Capsicum sp.) phục vụ tạo dòng đơn bội kép (2019)

Nghiên cứu tiến hành nuôi cấy bao phấn và noãn chưa thụ tinh trên 4 giống ớt gồm ớt hiểm (ớt chỉ thiên), ớt sừng bò, ớt chuông và ớt sừng giống Nhật. Chồi đơn bội có thể được thu nhận khi nuôi cấy bầu noãn hoặc bao phấn in vitro. Đây là bước quan trọng đầu tiên của qui trình tạo dòng đơn bội kép bằng phương pháp nuôi cấy mô tế bào thực vật. Quá trình khảo sát cho thấy việc sốc nhiệt lạnh giúp làm giảm tình trạng mẫu chết và cải thiện tỉ lệ tạo mô sẹo từ noãn và bao phấn. Bao phấn và noãn của cả 4 giống ớt đều có khả năng cảm ứng mô sẹo trong các môi trường nuôi cấy thích hợp. Có 2,7 – 4,7% bao phấn ớt chuông hình thành phôi hoặc mô sẹo phôi hóa trên môi trường MS + 2mg/l 2,4-D + 1mg/l kinetin hoặc MS + 0,5mg/l TDZ, và 42,86% trong số đó tái sinh thành công chồi trên môi trường MS bổ sung 0,5mg/l BA. Mô sẹo ớt hiểm không có khả năng tái sinh chồi trong phạm vi nghiên cứu. Mô sẹo của 3 giống ớt còn lại có đặc điểm của mô sẹo có khả năng phôi hóa.
Emergence of a STAT3 mutated NK clone in LGL leukemia (2014)

Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferative disorder. Here, a T-LGL leukemia patient developed NK-LGL leukemia with residual leukemic T-LGL. TCRVβ usage and CDR3 sequence drifts were observed with disease progression. A STAT3 S614R mutation was identified in NK but not T-cells in the mixed leukemic stage. Multiple, non-dominant T-cell clones with distinct STAT3 mutations were present throughout. Our results suggest that T and NK-LGL leukemia may share common pathogenesis mechanisms and that STAT3 mutation alone is insufficient to bring about clonal expansion. Mutational and immunological monitoring may provide diagnostic and therapeutic significance in LGL leukemia.
ZD1839 (Iressa™): What's in It for the Patient? (2002)

Although cytotoxic chemotherapy has had a significant impact on the treatment of some malignancies, its impact against most solid tumors is limited. This is especially true in the case of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in which about 90% of patients ultimately die from metastatic disease. Although chemotherapy has produced modest improvements in response rates and survival in a subset of patients with advanced NSCLC, its primary objective remains to provide palliation of disabling disease-related symptoms. It is hoped that the introduction of new, rationally designed anticancer agents, with greater specificity and less toxicity, will improve the outcome for patients with a range of tumor types, including NSCLC. ZD1839 (Iressa) is the first of a new class of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The results of two large phase II trials have shown that ZD1839 provides clinically significant symptom relief for many patients with extensively pretreated advanced NSCLC. Moreover, this improvement in disease-related symptoms correlated with improved survival and tumor response. ZD1839 also had an acceptable tolerability profile: most drug-related adverse events were mild and reversible and quite different from those typically associated with cytotoxic agents. Some patients also experienced improved quality of life, particularly those with a partial response or stable disease. Thus, ZD1839 offers a new treatment option providing meaningful symptom relief for many patients with advanced NSCLC.
Identidad y desarrollo en los bereberes de Marruecos: transformaciones y contradicciones entre los Ait Haddidou (2005)

Los Ait Haddidou son un grupo etnico bereber de caracter tribal que
habitan en el Valle del Assif Melloul, region ubicada en el Alto Atlas Oriental
de Marruecos. Este area se ha caracterizado por el aislamiento en el que han
permanecido durante largo tiempo sus habitantes. Los Ait Haddidou han
conformado su identidad a lo largo de todo un proceso historico, que fundamentalmente
se ha caracterizado por su enfrentamiento al poder central
del Estado (apoyado este principalmente por los grupos de origen arabe que
habitan en el pais). El Estado ha empleado diversas estrategias para debilitar
la unidad y fuerza de este grupo tribal con el fin de poder extender asi mejor
su dominio en la region, erosionando el sentimiento identitario bereber de
estas poblaciones mediante, por ejemplo, la multiplicacion del numero de
funcionarios de procedencia arabe en la region o del numero de escuelas
donde unicamente se ensenan los idiomas arabe y frances. Frente a ello, los
Ait Haddidou han tratado de reforzar su adscripcion etnica a traves del rol
otorgado a las mujeres de la tribu como depositarias de la identidad grupal,
con el resultado de la notable segregacion espacial y laboral que se da en esta
sociedad entre hombres y mujeres.
El fuerte enfrentamiento que el grupo ha mantenido historicamente con
el poder central del Estado ha conllevado tambien el empobrecimiento de la
zona, debido a su abandono por parte de las politicas de inversion estatales
durante largas decadas, lo que habria desembocado en las actuales deficiencias
de infraestructuras basicas.
Este pueblo bereber ha basado tradicionalmente su economia en la ganaderia
extensiva y en una debil agricultura de autosubsistencia. Pero la aparicion
en las ultimas decadas de fenomenos como la emigracion, el turismo o el trabajo
de las ONG por el desarrollo, han supuesto una transformacion profunda
tanto de su economia como de sus caracteristicas socio-culturales.
CD40 Signaling through Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factors (TRAFs) (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) associate with the CD40 cytoplasmic domain and initiate signaling after CD40 receptor multimerization by its ligand. We used saturating peptide-based mutational analyses of the TRAF1/TRAF2/TRAF3 and TRAF6 binding sequences in CD40 to finely map residues involved in CD40-TRAF interactions. The core binding site for TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 in CD40 could be minimally substituted. The TRAF6 binding site demonstrated more amino acid sequence flexibility and could be optimized. Point mutations that eliminated or enhanced binding of TRAFs to one or both sites were made in CD40 and tested in quantitative CD40-TRAF binding assays. Sequences flanking the core TRAF binding sites were found to modulate TRAF binding, and the two TRAF binding sites were not independent. Cloned stable transfectants of human embryonic kidney 293 cells that expressed wild type CD40 or individual CD40 mutations were used to demonstrate that both TRAF binding sites were required for optimal NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. In contrast, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation was primarily dependent upon TRAF6 binding. These studies suggest a role in CD40 signaling for competitive TRAF binding and imply that CD40 responses reflect an integration of signals from individual TRAFs.
Widespread dynamic DNA methylation in response to biotic stress (2012)

Regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation is crucial for defining cellular identities and coordinating organism-wide developmental programs in many organisms. In plants, modulation of DNA methylation in response to environmental conditions represents a potentially robust mechanism to regulate gene expression networks; however, examples of dynamic DNA methylation are largely limited to gene imprinting. Here we report an unexpected role for DNA methylation in regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune system. Profiling the DNA methylomes of plants exposed to bacterial pathogen, avirulent bacteria, or salicylic acid (SA) hormone revealed numerous stress-induced differentially methylated regions, many of which were intimately associated with differentially expressed genes. In response to SA, transposon-associated differentially methylated regions, which were accompanied by up-regulation of 21-nt siRNAs, were often coupled to transcriptional changes of the transposon and/or the proximal gene. Thus, dynamic DNA methylation changes within repetitive sequences or transposons can regulate neighboring genes in response to SA stress.
Poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)‐Bound Ruthenium Carbene Complex: A Fluorous and Recyclable Catalyst for Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis. (2004)

The synthesis of a fluorous olefin metathesis catalyst derived from the Grubbs second-generation ruthenium carbene complex is described. The air stable fluorous polymer-bound ruthenium carbene complex &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; shows high reactivity in effecting the ring-closing metathesis of a broad spectrum of diene and enyne substrates leading to the formation of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted cyclic olefins in &lt;i&gt;minimally fluorous &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;solvent systems&lt;/i&gt; (PhCF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 1:9−1:49 v/v). The catalyst can be readily separated from the reaction mixture by fluorous extraction with FC-72 and repeatedly reused. The practical advantage offered by the fluorous catalyst is demonstrated by its sequential use in up to five different metathesis reactions.
Analysis of superhelical structures of nucleic acid-lipid conjugates by image processing. (1988)

Nucleoside-phospholipid conjugates containing a nucleotidyl residue and two long alkyl chains have been synthesized and their self-organization and morphology have been investigated. In particular, 5'-phosphatidylcytidine spontaneously assembled to form linear and circular strands. Image processing analysis of the electron micrograph of the strands confirmed that they are indeed double helix reminiscent of the double-helical structure of nucleic acids. The linear and circular strands from 5'-phosphatidylcytidine had grooves of approximately 100 A in diameter and right-handed helical pitch of approximately 240 A.
Characterization of New Syncytium-Inhibiting Monoclonal Antibodies Implicates Lipid Rafts in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Syncytium Formation (2001)

We have previously shown that erythroleukemia cells (K562) transfected with vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) are susceptible to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced syncytium formation. Since expression of VCAM-1 alone is not sufficient to render cells susceptible to HTLV-1 fusion, K562 cells appear to express a second molecule critical for HTLV-induced syncytium formation. By immunizing mice with K562 cells, we have isolated four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), K5.M1, K5.M2, K5.M3, and K5.M4, that inhibit HTLV-induced syncytium formation between infected MT2 cells and susceptible K562/VCAM1 cells. These MAbs recognize distinct proteins on the surface of cells as determined by cell phenotyping, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis. Since three of the proteins recognized by the MAbs appear to be GPI linked, we isolated lipid rafts and determined by immunoblot analysis that all four MAbs recognize proteins that sort entirely or in large part to lipid rafts. Dispersion of lipid rafts on the cells by cholesterol depletion with beta-cyclodextrin resulted in inhibition of syncytium formation, and this effect was not seen when the beta-cyclodextrin was preloaded with cholesterol before treating the cells. The results of these studies suggest that lipid rafts may play an important role in HTLV-1 syncytium formation.
Influence of Rh phenotype on the antigen density of C, c, and D: flow cytometric study using a frozen standard red cell (1994)

Flow cytometry is an excellent tool for the demonstration of minor differences in antigen density.
Performance Degradation of High-Brightness Light Emitting Diodes Under DC and Pulsed Bias (2008)

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the performance of commercially available high-brightness light emitting diodes (HBLEDs). Three different families of white HBLEDs from three different manufacturers are considered. The main issues taken into account and reported in detail are the following: quality of the emitted light, impact of the driving strategy on the expected device lifetime, thermal management and related aging effects. The execution of a large number of accelerated stress tests reveals the weaknesses of the technology with respect to thermal degradation and the sensitivity of the device performance degradation to the adopted driving strategy. Furthermore, square-wave driving has been compared to conventional dc driving in terms of device performance and reliability. Comparison has been carried out for the same average current value of the driving waveforms. It has been found that square-wave driving can be an effective alternative to dc driving in terms of device efficiency only for high duty cycles. For low duty cycles, worse performance was detected due to the saturation of efficiency at high peak current levels. Reliability tests did not univocally indicate whether the use of pulsed bias can be more convenient than dc driving in terms of lumen maintenance. The three families of devices submitted to dc and pulsed stresses showed different behaviors, indicating that stress kinetics strongly depends on the LED technological structure and package thermal design.
Microcalorimeters for High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (1990)

We are developing microcalorimeters for high resolution x-ray spectroscopy of cosmic sources. To date, we have achieved an energy resolution of 20 eV for 6 keV x-rays with resistive calorimeters using a superconducting niobium film as an x-ray absorber. This measurement was made at a temperature of 0.1 K in an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. Our group is also investigating the properties of dielectric and inductive thermal sensors, which, in principal, could provide resolution performance beyond what is achievable by resistive sensors. Our most recent experiments are discussed here. 23 refs., 16 figs.
STUDIES ON IRON(III) REMOVAL FROM CHLORIDE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND TRANSPORT THROUGH POLYMER INCLUSION MEMBRANES WITH D2EHPA (2010)

The removal of iron(III) from chloride acidic aqueous solutions in solvent extraction and transport through polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) has been studied. D2EHPA was used as the extractant/ion carrier in these processes. The extraction of Fe(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) with 0.5 M D2EHPA was: 73.4 %, 11.2 %, 15.3 %, 7.8 % and 23.9 %, respectively. Separation factors (S) for metal ions were calculated and reported. The transport across PIM containing cellulose triacatate (CTA) as the support and o-nitrophenyl octylether (ONPOE) as the plasticizer was found to be the effective and selective method of Fe(III) ions removal from aqueous chloride solutions containing Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Co(II) ions. The stability of PIMs was also studied. Present studies indicate that the transport across PIM has the long term integrity.
Broadband adaptive array processing (1983)

The paper describes a new procedure for designing linear adaptive arrays with a controllable broadband capability. The new prodecure allows acceptable array performance to be achieved without the need for broadband presteering delays. The approach relies on the use of a special array weight vector constraint involving |w|. Convergent algorithms for solving the new broadband design procedure are devised and their performance studied. Finally, the convergence aspects of the algorithm for adaptive array systems are discussed.
Density modification: theory and practice (1992)

Abstract Real space phasing methods are aimed at improving the agreement of a density map with a set of physically meaningful constraints. Density maps must agree simultaneously with experimental data such as the observed amplitudes and the MIR phase distribution and with physical constraints based on a-priori knowledge of the characteristics of the density function. These physical constraints include positivity; boundedness; electron density histogram; high-resolution atomicity; uniformity of solvent regions; continuity of the bio-polymer chain; and known NCS of the density distribution. A starting map to be processed by real space methods, such as an MIR map, is usually obtained from, and thus will fully agree with, the experimental data. If the map also agrees with the set of physical constraints, there is no room for real space techniques, and map interpretation should be attempted. It is more often the case, however, that the map does not fully agree with all the physical constraints. In this case there is room to improve the agreement by real space techniques. To impose the physical constraints on an experimental map, a “Density Modification (DM)* iterative algorithm has been proposed [1,2]. It alternates real and reciprocal space operations, and the procedure is outlined in the flowchart shown in figure 1, with the following steps:
DNA helicases: Enzymes with essential roles in all aspects of DNA metabolism (1994)

DNA helicases catalyze the disruption of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of double-stranded DNA together. This energy-requiring unwinding reaction results in the formation of the single-stranded DNA required as a template or reaction intermediate in DNA replication, repair and recombination. A combination of biochemical and genetic studies have been used to probe and define the roles of the multiple DNA helicases found in E. coli. This work and similar efforts in eukaryotic cells, although far from complete, have established that DNA helicases are essential components of the machinery that interacts with the DNA molecule.
Serologic Survey for Lelystad and VR-2332 Strains of Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) Virus in US Swine Herds (1993)

Viral infection of the monocyte-macrophage system of this pigeon demonstrated by both light and transmission electron microscopy suggests that the virus may interfere with antigen processing in pigeons, as is speculated in psittacine birds with PBFD. Multiple infections with bacteria (Chlamydia psittaci, Pasteurella sp., and an enteropathogenic coccobacillus), parasites (Tetrameres sp., and Trichomonas sp.), and viruses (presumptive paramyxovirus or herpesvirus) suggest that acquired immunodeficiency was associated with the circoviruslike agent. Immunohistochemistry, DNA in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction with DNA dot-blot hybridization indicate that this pigeon circa-like virus is distinct from PBFD virus with respect to antigenicity and nucleic acid sequence. However, both viruses are similar with respect to suggestion of acquired immunodeficiency and association with a plethora of secondary infections.
Preliminary evidence for a structural benefit of the new bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in early rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

The results of this study suggest a structural benefit associated with zoledronic acid therapy in patients with RA, as demonstrated by consistent results in structural end points in favor of zoledronic acid plus MTX compared with MTX alone.
In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses of Constitutive and In Vivo-Induced Promoters in Attenuated Vaccine and Vector Strains of Vibrio cholerae (2000)

The optimal promoter for in vivo expression of heterologous antigens by live, attenuated vaccine vector strains of Vibrio cholerae is unclear; in vitro analyses of promoter activity may not accurately predict expression of antigens in vivo. We therefore introduced plasmids expressing the B subunit of cholera toxin (CtxB) under the control of a number of promoters into V. cholerae vaccine strain Peru2. We evaluated the tac promoter, which is constitutively expressed in V. cholerae, as well as the in vivo-induced V. cholerae heat shock htpG promoter and the in vivo-induced V. cholerae iron-regulated irgA promoter. The functionality of all promoters was confirmed in vitro. In vitro antigenic expression was highest in vaccine strains expressing CtxB under the control of the tac promoter (2 to 5 microgram/ml/unit of optical density at 600 nm [OD(600)]) and, under low-iron conditions, in strains containing the irgA promoter (5 microgram/ml/OD(600)). We orally inoculated mice with the various vaccine strains and used anti-CtxB immune responses as a marker for in vivo expression of CtxB. The vaccine strain expressing CtxB under the control of the tac promoter elicited the most prominent specific anti-CtxB responses in vivo (serum immunoglobulin G [IgG], P </= 0.05; serum IgA, P </= 0.05; stool IgA, P </= 0.05; bile IgA, P </= 0.05), despite the finding that the tac and irgA promoters expressed equivalent amounts of CtxB in vitro. Vibriocidal antibody titers were equivalent in all groups of animals. Our results indicate that in vitro assessment of antigen expression by vaccine and vector strains of V. cholerae may correlate poorly with immune responses in vivo and that of the promoters examined, the tac promoter may be best suited for expression from plasmids of at least certain heterologous antigens in such strains.