gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo–Directed Evolution of a New Adeno-Associated Virus for Therapeutic Outer Retinal Gene Delivery from the Vitreous (2013)

Inherited retinal degenerative diseases are a clinically promising focus of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy. These diseases arise from pathogenic mutations in mRNA transcripts expressed in the eye's photoreceptor cells or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to cell death and structural deterioration. Because current gene delivery methods require an injurious subretinal injection to reach the photoreceptors or RPE and transduce just a fraction of the retina, they are suitable only for the treatment of rare degenerative diseases in which retinal structures remain intact. To address the need for broadly applicable gene delivery approaches, we implemented in vivo-directed evolution to engineer AAV variants that deliver the gene cargo to the outer retina after injection into the eye's easily accessible vitreous humor. This approach has general implications for situations in which dense tissue penetration poses a barrier for gene delivery. A resulting AAV variant mediated widespread delivery to the outer retina and rescued the disease phenotypes of X-linked retinoschisis and Leber's congenital amaurosis in corresponding mouse models. Furthermore, it enabled transduction of primate photoreceptors from the vitreous, expanding its therapeutic promise.
Shifts in Biochemical Markers Associated with Wound Healing in Laryngeal Secretions following Phonotrauma: A Preliminary Study (2003)

The current study sought to determine whether shifts in key components of the inflammatory process could be detected from laryngeal secretions sampled before and after vocal loading. A healthy 44-year-old woman served as the subject. The vocal folds were swabbed to collect baseline secretions. Ten and 20 minutes after nearly constant loud phonation for 1 hour, the vocal folds were swabbed again. The findings indicated strong shifts in several key inflammatory mediators: interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase 8. The concentrations of those mediators continued to increase from the 10- to 20-minute postloading time-points. Transforming growth factor beta and prostaglandin E2 did not demonstrate clear shifts. In summary, mediators reflecting the acute inflammatory process could be detected from laryngeal secretions in an awake human. The upward slope of the curves at the 20-minute time interval indicates the need for longer follow-up sampling to determine the full biological response of the vocal folds to acute phonotrauma.
Affine Deformation Model Based Intra Block Copy for Intra Frame Coding (2020)

In intra frame coding, many methods are proposed to reduce spatial redundancy, including angular intra prediction and intra block copy. However, these two methods cannot deal with complex structure redundancy, such as scaling and rotation relationship where spatial structures are the same but sizes and orientations are different, leading to limited coding efficiency. In this paper, we first mathematically prove that 4-parameter affine deformation model can describe this complex relationship. Then we propose an affine deformation model based intra block copy (ADMIBC) scheme. In the scheme, we focus on several problems, including a fast displacement vector validity judgement algorithm to reduce encoding time, a padding method for unavailable reference pixels during sub-pixel interpolation to improve prediction accuracy and candidate list building methods of control point displacement vector predictor to reduce coding bits. Experimental results show that ADMIBC achieves up to -2.16% BD-rate reduction and -0.99% on average in all intra configuration, compared to the latest video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC).
Opsin Expression in Human Epidermal Skin (2014)

Human skin is constantly exposed to solar light containing visible and ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a powerful skin carcinogen. UVR elicits cellular responses in epidermal cells via several mechanisms: direct absorption of short-wavelength UVR photons by DNA, oxidative damage caused by long-wavelength UVR, and, as we recently demonstrated, via a retinal-dependent G protein-coupled signaling pathway. Because the human epidermis is exposed to a wide range of light wavelengths, we investigated whether opsins, light-activated receptors that mediate photoreception in the eye, are expressed in epidermal skin to potentially serve as photosensors. Here we show that four opsins—OPN1-SW, OPN2, OPN3 and OPN5—are expressed in the two major human epidermal cell types, melanocytes and keratinocytes, and the mRNA expression profile of these opsins does not change in response to physiological UVR doses. We detected two OPN3 splice variants present in similar amounts in both cell types and three OPN5 splice isoforms, two of which encode truncated proteins. Notably, OPN2 and OPN3 mRNA were significantly more abundant than other opsins and encoded full-length proteins. Our results demonstrate that opsins are expressed in epidermal skin cells and suggest that they might initiate light-induced signaling pathways, possibly contributing to UVR phototransduction.
Field test of a CDMA system (2002)

Field tests of a CDMA based mobile radio system was conducted jointly by DeTeMobil and QUALCOMM, INC. In Munster, Germany. Tests were conducted in the 1.7 GHz frequency band, under a variety of conditions, including different terrains and vehicle speeds, as well as in both single cell and hand-off coverages. The performance of the system was evaluated both subjectively using audio parameters, as well objectively, using frame error rates. General system performance under different coverage situations are represented, together with an analysis of the performance of the system with respect to both signal strength and vehicle speed. The indoor performance and interference characteristics of the test system are also presented. Finally, the audio performance of the system is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Generative Adversarial Approach for Zero-Shot Learning from Noisy Texts (2018)

Most existing zero-shot learning methods consider the problem as a visual semantic embedding one. Given the demonstrated capability of Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs) to generate images, we instead leverage GANs to imagine unseen categories from text descriptions and hence recognize novel classes with no examples being seen. Specifically, we propose a simple yet effective generative model that takes as input noisy text descriptions about an unseen class (e.g. Wikipedia articles) and generates synthesized visual features for this class. With added pseudo data, zero-shot learning is naturally converted to a traditional classification problem. Additionally, to preserve the inter-class discrimination of the generated features, a visual pivot regularization is proposed as an explicit supervision. Unlike previous methods using complex engineered regularizers, our approach can suppress the noise well without additional regularization. Empirically, we show that our method consistently outperforms the state of the art on the largest available benchmarks on Text-based Zero-shot Learning.
JNK and p38 MAP kinases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (2003)

The c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways have been associated with cell death, differentiation and proliferation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have different effector functions after antigen stimulation and control specific aspects of the immune response. The studies carried out in our group indicate that the role of JNK and p38 MAP kinases in CD4+ T cells is different from their role in CD8+ T cells. Moreover, these two pathways are not redundant in either T cell population. We have also shown that p38 MAP kinase regulates early stages of T cell development in the thymus. It is therefore important to consider the specific function of these kinases in each T cell population when pharmacological inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAP kinases are used for therapeutic purposes to control the immune response.
CORRELATION OF THE BOVINE CERVICAL MUCUS PENETRATION TEST WITH HUMAN SPERM CHARACTERISTICS IN 1406 EJACULATES (2000)

The bovine cervical mucus penetration test (BCMPT) was performed to determine its usefulness in screening the ability of sperm to successfully penetrate mucus in vitro. Ejaculates were obtained by masturbation from patients attending an infertility clinic. Routine semen analysis was performed using a microcomputerized multiple-exposure photography system. The BCMPT was performed. Overall, the average penetration of the mucus was 38 +/- 0.46 mm. Of the 1,406 ejaculates analyzed, 244 (17%) displayed a negative result (0-20 mm), 291 (21%) a questionable result (21-30 mm), and 871 (62%) a positive result (>30 mm). A highly significant (p < .001) correlation between mucus penetration distance and sperm MD (r = 0.541), MI (r = 0.484), count (r = 0.475), motility (r = 0.448), velocity (r = 0.400) and morphology (r = 0.369) was observed. Overall, the finding of an abnormal semen parameter resulted in a 34 +/- 5% accurate prediction of a negative or questionable BCMPT (<30 mm), while a normal semen parameter resulted in a 90 +/- 4% accurate prediction of a positive BCMPT (>30 mm). Sperm MD showed the strongest positive predictive value (98%), while morphology showed the greatest negative predictive value (50%). Of the 1,406 samples, 25 +/- 2% of the samples with normal semen parameters displayed a negative BCMPT. Conversely, 6 +/- 2% of samples with abnormal parameters showed a positive BCMPT. The BCMPT successfully identifies a significant subpopulation of patients as having an inadequate penetration of mucus with otherwise normal semen characteristics.
Tumor necrosis factor induced stimulation of granulopoiesis and radioprotection. (1987)

Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor, TNF, was used to assess its ability to stimulate granulopoiesis and to protect mice against lethal irradiation, effects known to be inducable with TNF-rich postendotoxin serum from BCG infected mice (BCG/ET serum). Although the endotoxin contamination of this TNF preparation is extremely low its effects were compared in endotoxin low responder C3H/HeJ mice and susceptible NMRI mice. TNF is a potent inducer of serum colony stimulating activity, CSA, in both mouse strains. In peripheral blood a marked granulocytosis with a concomitant decrease in lymphocytes and monocytopenia occurs at 2 hours after injection of TNF. Moreover, TNF induces an increase in the number of splenic myelopoietic committed stem cells (GM-CFC, granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells) determined five days after injection. The lethality rate, registered over 30 days after exposure to 660 cGy whole body X-irradiation is reduced to 40% in C3H/HeJ mice as compared to 75% in control animals. The reduction in lethality is observed both, when TNF was injected 24 hours before or after irradiation. In vitro, TNF significantly increases the number of colonies in the presence of CSA in bone marrow cultures. TNF per se does not effect colony growth. The studies reported here demonstrate that TNF is a myelopoiesis stimulating factor in mice which may be related to the reduction in lethality following whole body irradiation.
Magnesium-induced conformational change of packaging RNA for procapsid recognition and binding during phage phi29 DNA encapsidation (1997)

Bacteriophage phi29 is typical of double-stranded DNA viruses in that its genome is packaged into a preformed procapsid during maturation. An intriguing feature of phi29 assembly is that a virus-encoded RNA (pRNA) is required for the packaging of its genomic DNA. Psoralen cross-linking, primer extension, and T1 RNase partial digestion revealed that pRNA had at least two conformations; one was able to bind procapsids, and the other was not. In the presence of Mg2+, one stretch of pRNA, consisting of bases 31 to 35, was confirmed to be proximal to base 69, as revealed by its efficient cross-linking by psoralen. Two cross-linking sites in the helical region were identified. Mg2+ induced a conformational change of pRNA that exposes the portal protein binding site by promoting the refolding of two strands of the procapsid binding region, resulting in the formation of pRNA-procapsid complexes. The procapsid binding region in this binding-competent conformation could not be cross-linked with psoralen. When the two strands of the procapsid binding region were fastened by cross-linking, pRNA could neither bind procapsids nor package phi29 DNA. A pRNA conformational change was also discernible by comparison of migration rates in native EDTA and Mg2+ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was revealed by T1 RNase probing. The Mg2+ concentration required for the detection of a change in pRNA cross-linking patterns was 1 mM, which was the same as that required for pRNA-procapsid complex formation and DNA packaging and was also close to that in normal host cells.
Going Deeper with Convolutions (2014)

We propose a deep convolutional neural network architecture codenamed "Inception", which was responsible for setting the new state of the art for classification and detection in the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge 2014 (ILSVRC 2014). The main hallmark of this architecture is the improved utilization of the computing resources inside the network. This was achieved by a carefully crafted design that allows for increasing the depth and width of the network while keeping the computational budget constant. To optimize quality, the architectural decisions were based on the Hebbian principle and the intuition of multi-scale processing. One particular incarnation used in our submission for ILSVRC 2014 is called GoogLeNet, a 22 layers deep network, the quality of which is assessed in the context of classification and detection.
Associations and Interactions between Ets-1 and Ets-2 and Coregulatory Proteins, SRC-1, AIB1, and NCoR in Breast Cancer (2005)

These data describe associations and interactions between nonsteroid transcription factors and coregulatory proteins in human breast cancer.
Preliminary trial of poly ICLC in chronic progressive multiplesclerosis (1986)

Eighteen patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated in an open preliminary trial of the interferon inducer and immune modulator, poly ICLC. All patients produced substantial interferon levels and experienced acute side effects, including fever and transient worsening of neurologic symptoms. Of nine patients with rapid neurologic deterioration at the time of entry into the study, only three had disease progression during treatment. We conclude that poly ICLC can be administered safely to MS patients, and that a controlled trial will be necessary to determine efficacy.
Activation and Deactivation of Gene Expression by Ca2+/Calcineurin-NFAT-mediated Signaling (2004)

Ca2+/calcineurin-NFAT-mediated signaling pathways are involved in diverse cellular reactions by regulating gene expression either positively or negatively. The transcriptional activity of NFAT proteins can be either activating or deactivating depending on which binding partners are involved. Interaction of NFAT with AP-1 turns on the genes involved in active immune responses, while NFAT without cooperative binding of AP-1 turns on a T cell anergy program and blocks T cell activation and proliferation. In addition, interaction of NFAT with histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins induces gene silencing. In this review we focus on the dual function, activator or deactivator, of NFAT and the binding partners that determine the role of NFAT in gene expression.
Real-time measurements of kinetics of EGF binding to soluble EGF receptor monomers and dimers support the dimerization model for receptor activation (1993)

We have tested one aspect of the allosteric dimerization model for the activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) by EGF: whether EGF binding favors dimerization of the receptor. For this to be true, EGF molecules must bind with higher affinity to dimeric receptors than to monomeric receptors. We have tested this directly in a defined system using the soluble, extracellular ligand binding domain of EGFR monomers (sEGFR) and sEGFR dimers stabilized by treatment with a covalent cross-linking agent. We describe real-time kinetic measurements of EGF binding to receptor monomers and dimers employing the method of total internal reflection (surface plasmon resonance). Our data show that sEGFR dimers bound EGF with 30-40-fold higher affinity [KD = (2-3) x 10(-8) M] than did sEGFR monomers. The enhanced binding affinity of sEGFR dimers resulted mainly from a reduced off-rate with k(off) = 0.001 s-1 for sEGFR dimers as compared to k(off) = 0.06 s-1 for sEGFR monomers. These measurements indicate that dimerization of sEGFR increases its affinity for EGF by prolonging the amount of time that EGF remains bound to the receptor. This provides evidence that EGF binding stabilizes receptor dimerization and provides further support for the allosteric dimerization model as a mechanism for ligand induced receptor activation.
Some Reactions of Δ2-Cyclohexenone, Including the Synthesis of Bicyclo(2,2,2)-octanedione-2,6 (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Reactions of Δ2-Cyclohexenone, Including the Synthesis of Bicyclo(2,2,2)-octanedione-2,6Paul D. Bartlett and G. Forrest WoodsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 11, 2933–2938Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01868a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01868a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views896Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Functional Screening of Adenosine Analogues at the Adenosine A2BReceptor: A Search for Potent Agonists (1998)

Various adenosine analogues were tested at the adenosine A2B receptor. Agonist potencies were determined by measuring the cyclic AMP production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing human A2B receptors. 5'-N-Substituted carboxamidoadenosines were most potent. 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was most active with an EC50 value of 3.1 microM. Other ribose modified derivatives displayed low to negligible activity. Potency was reduced by substitution on the exocyclic amino function (N6) of the purine ring system. The most active N6-substituted derivative N6-methyl-NECA was 5 fold less potent than NECA. C8- and most C2-substituted analogues were virtually inactive. 1-Deaza-analogues had a reduced potency, 3- and 7-deazaanalogues were not active.
Repeated bouts of sprint running after induced alkalosis (1991)

Seven healthy male subjects performed 10 maximal 6-s sprints, separated by 30-s recovery periods, on a non-motorized treadmill. On two occasions, separated by 3 days, the subjects ingested a solution of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; alkaline) or sodium chloride (NaCl; placebo), 2.5 h prior to exercise. The doses were 0.3 g kg-1 body mass for the alkaline treatment and 1.5 g total for the placebo, dissolved in 500 ml of water. The order of testing was randomly assigned. Pre-exercise blood pH was 7.43 +/- 0.02 and 7.38 +/- 0.01 for the alkaline and placebo trials respectively (P less than 0.01). Performance indices (i.e. mean and peak power outputs and mean and peak running speeds) were significantly reduced as a result of the cumulative effects of successive sprints, but not significantly affected by the treatments. However, the total work done (i.e. mean power output) in the alkaline condition was 2% higher than that achieved in the placebo condition. Post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were higher for the alkaline treatment than for the placebo condition (15.3 +/- 3.7 vs 13.6 +/- 3.0 mM respectively; P less than 0.01), but blood pH was similar in both conditions (alkaline: 7.15 +/- 0.13; placebo: 7.09 +/- 0.11). In both conditions, a relationship was found between post-exercise blood lactate and mean power output (alkaline: r = 0.82, P less than 0.01; placebo: r = 0.79, P less than 0.01). No significant differences were found in VE, VO2 and VCO2 between the two experimental conditions. This study demonstrates that alkali ingestion results in significant shifts in the acid-base balance of the blood, but has no effect on the power output during repeated bouts of brief maximal exercise.
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in urine cell pellets from HIV-1-seropositive individuals (1992)

Fresh urine pellets from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive individuals were examined for the presence of the HIV-1 genomic sequence and gene products. By using the polymerase chain reaction technique, HIV-1 DNA proviral sequences were detected in 53 of 80 (66.25%) fresh urine pellets from HIV-1-seropositive individuals, while urine pellets from all 24 healthy heterosexual controls were negative. HIV-1 RNA in urine pellets was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 2 of 43 (4.7%) HIV-1-seropositive individuals. In addition, HIV-1 p24 core antigen was demonstrated in 3 of 80 urine pellets from HIV-1-seropositive individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, HIV-1 p24 core antigen and HIV-1 RNA were shown in the cellular component of urine pellets from HIV-1-seropositive individuals by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization. These results indicate that HIV-1 can be present in urine pellets from HIV-1-infected individuals.
Trend Analysis on Twitter for Predicting Public Opinion on Ongoing Events (2018)

Twitter is most popular social media that allows its user to spread and share information. It Monitors their user postings and detect most discussed topic of the movement. They publish these topics on the list called "Trending Topics". It show what is happening in the world and what people's opinions are about it. For that it uses top 10 trending topic list. Some topic will trend at some point in the future and others will not. We wish to predict which topics will trend. And apply algorithm to find out what public opinion about that topic which use to predict mood. In this paper, we propose model which use machine learning algorithm and classify sentiment of twitter message. For that we collect tweet, preprocess that tweet, find trending topic and apply multi classifier algorithm which predict public mood. We are going to use different measure such as precision, recall, F-measure. We will going to achieve better accuracy.