gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of the 4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate transaminase from mouse brain (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and characterization of the 4-aminobutyrate-2-ketoglutarate transaminase from mouse brainA. Schousboe, J. Y. Wu, and E. RobertsCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 15, 2868–2873Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00739a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Genetic Enhancement of Fatty Acid Synthesis by Targeting Rat Liver ATP:Citrate Lyase into Plastids of Tobacco (2000)

ATP:citrate lyase (ACL) catalyzes the conversion of citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and oxaloacetate and is a key enzyme for lipid accumulation in mammals and oleaginous yeasts and fungi. To investigate whether heterologous ACL genes can be targeted and imported into the plastids of plants, a gene encoding a fusion protein of the rat liver ACL with the transit peptide for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase was constructed and introduced into the genome of tobacco. This was sufficient to provide import of the heterologous protein into the plastids. In vitro assays of ACL in isolated plastids showed that the enzyme was active and synthesized acetyl-CoA. Overexpression of the rat ACL gene led to up to a 4-fold increase in the total ACL activity; this increased the amount of fatty acids by 16% but did not cause any major change in the fatty acid profile. Therefore, increasing the availability of acetyl-CoA as a substrate for acetyl-CoA carboxylase and subsequent reactions of fatty acid synthetase has a slightly beneficial effect on the overall rate of lipid synthesis in plants.
Blue/green semiconductor laser (2002)

Violet InGaN multi-quantum-well structure laser diodes (LDs) which have the shortest emission wavelength among conventional semiconductor LDs have been developed. The lifetime of green ZnMgSSe based LDs has been improved to be as long as 101 hours.
Control over Phase Curvature Using Mixtures of Polymerizable Surfactants (2000)

By mixing reactive surfactants A and B at well-defined compositions, it is possible to control the preferred curvature in both the initial nonpolymerized and the final cross-linked systems. Direct evidence from small-angle neutron scattering and polarizing light microscopy indicates retention of the phase structures in the polymer phases. These results demonstrate the general utility surfmer mixtures to produce nanostructured polymerized phases of a desired curvature.
Proinsulin Heterogeneity in Pigs (1988)

The isolation and characterization of a genetic variant of porcine proinsulin is described. The variant (II) differs from the known structure of porcine proinsulin (I) by a deletion of alanine C-39 (the 7th residue of the C-peptide). The two porcine proinsulins could only be separated by high resolution reversed phase HPLC. The ratio of proinsulin I to proinsulin II was found to be approximately 4:1 in 5 samples of porcine proinsulin prepared since 1969 and representing more than one million pancreata. Similarly, the two bovine proinsulins recently isolated from American cattle were found in a ratio of 7:1 in 3 proinsulin samples representing more than half a million ox pancreata. These results give a strong indication of duplication of the insulin gene in mammals.
Assay for plasma free phenylalanine and tyrosine by high-pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry and its application to anin vivo study of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in man (1981)

An analytical assay for the determination of free amino acids in human plasma based on high-pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry has been developed. Compared with assays using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, this method appears to be advantageous with respect to the analysis of polar and/or labile amino acids. Using stable isotope labelled analogues as internal standards quantifications by field desorption can be performed on about 250 pmol of individual amino acids as dansyl derivatives, corresponding to about 10 mul of human plasma. The practicability of the assay is demonstrated by a stable isotope in vivo study of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in man.
Effects of Calcified Cartilage on Healing of Chondral Defects Treated with Microfracture in Horses (2006)

Removal of the calcified cartilage layer appears to provide optimal amount and attachment of repair tissue. Therefore, close arthroscopic visualization is recommended for debridement of clinical lesions to ensure removal of the calcified cartilage layer.
Novel Allogeneic Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Secreting Tumor Vaccine for Pancreatic Cancer: A Phase I Trial of Safety and Immune Activation (2001)

Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccines are safe in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This vaccine approach seems to induce dose-dependent systemic antitumor immunity as measured by increased postvaccination DTH responses against autologous tumors. Further clinical evaluation of this approach in patients with pancreatic cancer is warranted.
Characterization of an autoregulated response element in the mouse retinoic acid receptor type beta gene. (1990)

A sequence that confers transcriptional responsiveness to retinoic acid was identified in the promoter of the mouse retinoic acid receptor (RAR) beta gene. This response element consists of a direct repeat of the sequence GTTCAC, separated by five nucleotides. Direct binding of the RAR to this sequence was demonstrated by gel retardation and immunoprecipitation assays. This element conferred retinoic acid responsiveness on heterologous promoters via all three subtypes of RAR yet failed to support transcriptional activation by the thyroid hormone, estrogen, glucocorticoid, or vitamin D receptors. Surprisingly, a high level of retinoic acid-dependent activation was seen in the absence of transfected RAR in 10 of 10 vertebrate cell lines, many functionally characterized previously as lacking endogenous receptor. This demonstrates an unusually high sensitivity of the retinoic acid response element to low levels of receptor and suggests expression of RAR in a wide variety of tissue types.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by (S,S)-R-BisP*-Rh and (R,R)-R-MiniPHOS Complexes: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanism (2001)

A new class of chiral C2-symmetric bis(trialkyl)phosphine ligands has been prepared and used in Rh(I)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. The ligands, 1,2-bis(alkylmethylphosphino)ethanes 1a-g(abbreviated as BisP*, alkyl = t-butyl, 1-adamantyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 1,1-diethylpropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, isopropyl) and 1,2-bis(alkylmethylphosphino)methanes 2a-d(abbreviated as MiniPHOS, alkyl = t-butyl, cyclohexyl, isopropyl, phenyl) are prepared by a simple synthetic approach based on the air-stable phosphine–boranes. These new ligands give the corresponding Rh(I) complexes, which are effective catalytic precursors for the asymmetric hydrogenation of a representative series of dehydroamino acids and itaconic acid derivatives. Enantioselectivities observed in these hydrogenations are universally high and in many cases exceed 99%. X-Ray characterization of four precatalysts, study of the pressure effects, deuteration experiments, and characterization of the wide series of intermediates in the catalytic cycle are used for the discussion of the possible correlation between the structure of the catalysts and the outcome of the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation.
Ig/EBP-1: a ubiquitously expressed immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein that is similar to C/EBP and heterodimerizes with C/EBP. (1990)

We report the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones that encode a protein with the same DNA binding specificity as the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer binding protein E (muEBP-E). We call the gene encoding this protein Ig/EBP-1. A fusion protein encoded by the cDNA binds specifically to muEBP-E-binding sites (E sites) in both the IgH enhancer and the VH1 promoter. Sequence analysis reveals that Ig/EBP-1 is a member of the "basic-zipper" family of DNA-binding proteins that are characterized by basic regions and heptad repeats of leucine residues. Among known family members, Ig/EBP-1 demonstrates highest homology to C/EBP throughout the DNA-binding domain and leucine repeat region. Ig/EBP-1 and C/EBP have highly overlapping binding specificities; both cloned proteins bind to the IgH enhancer and the VH1 promoter E sites, and Ig/EBP-1 binds to previously characterized C/EBP binding sites in the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) LTR and the murine albumin promoter. Consistent with their homology in the leucine repeat region, Ig/EBP-1 and C/EBP form heterodimers; Ig/EBP-1 is the first member of this family that has been found to heterodimerize with the well-characterized C/EBP. Ig/EBP-1 mRNA is present in all tissues and cell lines examined, although its levels vary almost 20-fold from different sources, with highest levels in early B cells. In tissues where Ig/EBP-1 and C/EBP are both present, heterodimers may be functionally important. The presence of Ig/EBP-1 in fibroblasts and other tissues where C/EBP is not expressed suggests that Ig/EBP-1 may be functionally important for the activity of the RSV enhancer in these cell types. Finally, elevated expression of Ig/EBP-1 in early B cells may explain in part the enhancer-independent activity of VH promoters early in B-cell development.
Conjugation of Bioactive Ligands to PEG-Grafted Chitosan at the Distal End of PEG (2007)

Graft copolymers of chitosan and PEG-CO(2)H incorporating biologically active molecules and tags (mannose, cholesterol, a coumarin dye, and biotin) at the distal end of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been synthesized in excellent yields and nearly quantitative mass recoveries. Experimental conditions allowing the preparation of multifunctional graft copolymers incorporating simultaneously several of those active molecules and tags in controlled ratios are also presented. The required functionalized PEG-CO(2)H conjugates have been prepared from a heterodifunctional PEG and the experimental conditions established to ensure the purity of PEG end groups ((1)H and (13)C NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-time of flight (MALDI-TOF)) and the completion of each synthetic step.
Protein A Isolated from Staphylococcus aureus after Digestion with Lysostaphin (1972)

Previous methods which have been used for the preparation of protein A, such as thermal release of protein A with lysozyme from the bacteria, have given a heterogenous product in a low yield. The present publication reports the isolation procedure of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus digested by lysostaphin for 2 h at 37°C. 450—500 mg of protein A was obtained from 300 g of wet bacteria. The preparation is homogenous as seen from its disc electrophoretic pattern. Amino acid composition was determined and based on a molecular weight of 42000. The number of amino acid residues found was 378 ± 6. Less than 0.2% hexosamines was present. The ultraviolet spectrum and the absorption coefficient, A 1% 275nm = 1.65 of protein A is given. Less than 0.1 mol amino terminal amino acid per mol protein was detected which indicates that the protein has a blocked N‐terminal amino acid. The protein was slowly digested with a mixture of carboxypeptidase A and B and 2 mol lysine/mol protein was released. Precipitation of protein A with normal human γ‐globulin gave an IgG: protein A molar ratio of 2.1:1 within the equivalence zone. The results are discussed with regard to the subunit structure of the protein and the type of attachment of protein A to the peptidoglycan part of the cell wall.
Localization of the Disulfide Bond Involved in Post-translational Processing of Glycosylasparaginase and Disrupted by a Mutation in the Finnish-type Aspartylglycosaminuria (1995)

The heavy chain of human glycosylasparaginase (N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.26)) has five cysteinyl residues (Cys-61, Cys-64, Cys-69, Cys-163, and Cys-179). A Cys-163 to serine substitution due to a point mutation in the glycosylasparaginase gene causes the most common disorder of glycoprotein degradation, the Finnish-type aspartylglycosaminuria. To localize the potential disulfide bonds, the isolated heavy chain of human leukocyte glycosylasparaginase was treated with the enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin, and the resulting peptides were separated by high performance liquid chromatography prior to and after reduction and S-carboxymethylation. The peptide containing the Cys-163 residue and the peptide to which it is connected with a disulfide were structurally characterized by mass spectrometry. The disulfide bond crucial for catalytic activity, subunit processing, and biological transport of glycosylasparaginase was located close to the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain at positions 163 and 179.
Influence of noncircular core on the polarisation performance of single mode fibres (1978)

Measurements on borosilicate fibres with noncircular cores indicate that the noncircular geometry and the associated stress-induced birefringence alone are not sufficient to maintain polarisation in single-mode fibres. To achieve single polarisation fibres, it is necessary to deliberately enhance the anisotropic birefringence.
Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2: pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry and relevance to NSAID therapy (1999)

Cyclo-oxygenase is expressed in cells in two distinct isoforms. Cyclo-oxygenase-1 is present constitutively whilst cyclo-oxygenase-2 is expressed primarily after inflammatory insult. The activity of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2 results in the production of a variety of potent biological mediators (the prostaglandins) that regulate homeostatic and disease processes. Inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin, ibuprofen and diclofenac. NSAIDs inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 at the site of inflammation, to produce their therapeutic benefits, as well as cyclo-oxygenase-1 in the gastric mucosa, which produces gastric damage. Most recently selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 have been developed and introduced to man for the treatment of arthritis. Moreover, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors may have important therapeutic relevance in the prevention of some cancers or even Alzheimer's disease. This review will discuss how the new advancements in NSAIDs research has led to the development of a new class of NSAIDs that has far reaching implications for the treatment of disease.
Uncovering the Relational Web (2008)

The World-Wide Web consists of a huge number of unstructured hypertext documents, but it also contains structured data in the form of HTML tables. Many of these tables contain both relational-style data and a small “schema ” of labeled and typed columns, making each such table a small structured database. The WebTables project is an effort to extract and make use of the huge number of these structured tables on the Web. A clean collection of relational-style tables could be useful for improving web search, schema design, and many other applications. This paper describes the first stage of the WebTables project. First, we give an in-depth study of the Web’s HTML table corpus. For example, we extracted 14.1 billion HTML tables from a several-billion-page portion of Google’s generalpurpose web crawl, and estimate that 154 million of these tables contain high-quality relational-style data. We also describe the crawl’s distribution of table sizes and data types. Second, we describe a system for performing relation recovery. The Web mixes relational and non-relational tables indiscriminately (often on the same page), so there is no simple way to distinguish the 1.1 % of good relations from the remainder, nor to recover column label and type information. Our mix of hand-written detectors and statistical classifiers takes a raw Web crawl as input, and generates a collection of databases that is five orders of magnitude larger than any other collection we are aware of. Relation recovery achieves precision and recall that are comparable to other domain-independent information extraction systems. 1.
Rotation Forest: A New Classifier Ensemble Method (2006)

We propose a method for generating classifier ensembles based on feature extraction. To create the training data for a base classifier, the feature set is randomly split into K subsets (K is a parameter of the algorithm) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to each subset. All principal components are retained in order to preserve the variability information in the data. Thus, K axis rotations take place to form the new features for a base classifier. The idea of the rotation approach is to encourage simultaneously individual accuracy and diversity within the ensemble. Diversity is promoted through the feature extraction for each base classifier. Decision trees were chosen here because they are sensitive to rotation of the feature axes, hence the name "forest." Accuracy is sought by keeping all principal components and also using the whole data set to train each base classifier. Using WEKA, we examined the Rotation Forest ensemble on a random selection of 33 benchmark data sets from the UCI repository and compared it with Bagging, AdaBoost, and Random Forest. The results were favorable to Rotation Forest and prompted an investigation into diversity-accuracy landscape of the ensemble models. Diversity-error diagrams revealed that Rotation Forest ensembles construct individual classifiers which are more accurate than these in AdaBoost and Random Forest, and more diverse than these in Bagging, sometimes more accurate as well.
Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform (2011)

Efforts to extend nanoparticle residence time in vivo have inspired many strategies in particle surface modifications to bypass macrophage uptake and systemic clearance. Here we report a top-down biomimetic approach in particle functionalization by coating biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles with natural erythrocyte membranes, including both membrane lipids and associated membrane proteins for long-circulating cargo delivery. The structure, size and surface zeta potential, and protein contents of the erythrocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles were verified using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and gel electrophoresis, respectively. Mice injections with fluorophore-loaded nanoparticles revealed superior circulation half-life by the erythrocyte-mimicking nanoparticles as compared to control particles coated with the state-of-the-art synthetic stealth materials. Biodistribution study revealed significant particle retention in the blood 72 h following the particle injection. The translocation of natural cellular membranes, their associated proteins, and the corresponding functionalities to the surface of synthetic particles represents a unique approach in nanoparticle functionalization.
Association of Short-Term Response to Haloperidol Treatment With a Polymorphism in the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene (2001)

These results support the hypothesis that genetic variations in the DRD2 gene may influence the individual response to antipsychotics.
G1 cell cycle progression and the expression of G1 cyclins are regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling in human ovarian cancer cells (2004)

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Recent studies demonstrated that the gene encoding the p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is frequently amplified in ovarian cancer cells. PI3K is involved in multiple cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, antiapoptosis, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of PI3K activity by LY-294002 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced G(1) cell cycle arrest. This effect was accompanied by the decreased expression of G(1)-associated proteins, including cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDC25A, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation at Ser(780), Ser(795), and Ser(807/811). Expression of CDK6 and beta-actin was not affected by LY-294002. Expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a) was induced by the PI3K inhibitor, whereas steady-state levels of p21(CIP1/WAF1) were decreased in the same experiment. The inhibition of PI3K activity also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K1, but not extracellular regulated kinase 1/2. The G(1) cell cycle arrest induced by LY-294002 was restored by the expression of active forms of AKT and p70S6K1 in the cells. Our study shows that PI3K transmits a mitogenic signal through AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to p70S6K1. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin had similar inhibitory effects on G(1) cell cycle progression and on the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, CDC25A, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation. These results indicate that PI3K mediates G(1) progression and cyclin expression through activation of an AKT/mTOR/p70S6K1 signaling pathway in the ovarian cancer cells.
Regulatory elements controlling pituitary-specific expression of the human prolactin gene. (1990)

We have performed transfection and DNase I footprinting experiments to investigate pituitary-specific expression of the human prolactin (hPRL) gene. When fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene, 5,000 base pairs of the 5'-flanking sequences of the hPRL gene were able to drive high cat gene expression in prolactin-expressing GH3B6 cells specifically. Deletion analysis indicated that this pituitary-specific expression was controlled by three main positive regulatory regions. The first was located just upstream from the TATA box between coordinates -40 and -250 (proximal region). We have previously shown that three motifs of this region bind the pituitary-specific Pit-1 factor. The second positive region was located in the vicinity of coordinates -1300 to -1750 (distal region). DNase I footprinting assays revealed that eight DNA motifs of this distal region bound protein Pit-1 and that two other motifs were recognized by ubiquitous factors, one of which seems to belong to the AP-1 (jun) family. The third positive region was located further upstream, between -3500 and -5000 (superdistal region). This region appears to enhance transcription only in the presence of the distal region.