gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement ofNeuroDfor Photoreceptor Formation in the Chick Retina (2003)

The data suggest a specific and an essential role of neuroD in photoreceptor formation in the chick retina.
Aryltrimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonates as precursors to aryl [18F]fluorides: Improved synthesis of [18F]GBR‐13119 (1989)

Abstract Aromatic nucleophilic substitution of various trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonates with [ 18 F]fluoride has been evaluated. Fluorinations were studied over a temperature range of 45–165°C, with decay corrected yields ranging from 20–80%. [ 18 F]GBR 13119, 1‐[2‐{(4‐[ 18 F]fluorophenyl)(phenyl)methoxy}ethyl]‐4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)piperazine, a potential radio‐tracer for the dopamine uptake system, has been prepared in no‐carrier‐added form from 4‐N,N,N,‐trimethylaniliniumphenylmethanone trifluoromethanesulfonate. Purification by solid‐phase techniques yielded the product in 20% decay corrected radiochemical yield and &gt;98% radiochemical and chemical purity without HPLC.
Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and augments megakaryocyte colony stimulation by interleukin 3. (1987)

Recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) has been produced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. GM-CSF has an established role as an in vitro regulator of granulocyte and macrophage colony formation. We have determined that rGM-CSF also has intrinsic activity as a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor and that rGM-CSF augments the effect of interleukin 3 (IL-3) on megakaryocyte colony formation. The dose-response curve for megakaryocyte colony induction with rGM-CSF showed plateau megakaryocyte stimulation at 9 ng/ml. When IL-3 (at a plateau dose for megakaryocyte colony induction) was added to rGM-CSF over a 0-22-ng/ml dose range, the resultant megakaryocyte colony stimulation approximated the sum of the levels of stimulation produced by either factor alone. These results establish GM-CSF as a multilineage growth factor with definite megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity and indicate that both GM-CSF and IL-3 are important in the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.
Discovering structural regularity in 3D geometry (2008)

We introduce a computational framework for discovering regular or repeated geometric structures in 3D shapes. We describe and classify possible regular structures and present an effective algorithm for detecting such repeated geometric patterns in point- or meshbased models. Our method assumes no prior knowledge of the geometry or spatial location of the individual elements that define the pattern. Structure discovery is made possible by a careful analysis of pairwise similarity transformations that reveals prominent lattice structures in a suitable model of transformation space. We introduce an optimization method for detecting such uniform grids specifically designed to deal with outliers and missing elements. This yields a robust algorithm that successfully discovers complex regular structures amidst clutter, noise, and missing geometry. The accuracy of the extracted generating transformations is further improved using a novel simultaneous registration method in the spatial domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on a variety of examples and show applications to compression, model repair, and geometry synthesis.
Do Social Influences Contribute to Occupational Differences in Quitting Smoking and Attitudes toward Quitting? (2002)

Although these results are limited somewhat by response and attrition rates, these results suggest that differing social environments may contribute to the differences by occupational category in smoking prevalence and smoking cessation.
FishNet: A Versatile Backbone for Image, Region, and Pixel Level Prediction (2019)

The basic principles in designing convolutional neural network (CNN) structures for predicting objects on different levels, e.g., image-level, region-level, and pixel-level are diverging. Generally, network structures designed specifically for image classification are directly used as default backbone structure for other tasks including detection and segmentation, but there is seldom backbone structure designed under the consideration of unifying the advantages of networks designed for pixel-level or region-level predicting tasks, which may require very deep features with high resolution. Towards this goal, we design a fish-like network, called FishNet. In FishNet, the information of all resolutions is preserved and refined for the final task. Besides, we observe that existing works still cannot \emph{directly} propagate the gradient information from deep layers to shallow layers. Our design can better handle this problem. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the remarkable performance of the FishNet. In particular, on ImageNet-1k, the accuracy of FishNet is able to surpass the performance of DenseNet and ResNet with fewer parameters. FishNet was applied as one of the modules in the winning entry of the COCO Detection 2018 challenge. The code is available at https://github.com/kevin-ssy/FishNet.
Characterization of the free-radical homopolymerization of N-methylmaleimide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the free-radical homopolymerization of N-methylmaleimideT. C. Sandreczki and I. M. BrownCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 7, 1979–1983Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00209a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00209a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene Therapy With Human Tissue Kallikrein Reduces Hypertension and Hyperinsulinemia in Fructose-Induced Hypertensive Rats (2003)

This study investigates gene therapy with human tissue kallikrein as a treatment for fructose-induced hypertension in rats. Hypertension was induced by addition of 10% fructose to drinking water. Fructose-fed rats also had increased serum insulin and triglycerides, decreased urine osmolarity, increased urine volume and endothelin-1, and increased aortic endothelin-1, endothelin-A receptor, and angiotensin II receptor type 1 mRNA levels. Fructose-induced hypertensive and control rats were injected intravenously with a construct containing the human tissue kallikrein cDNA. Two weeks after injection of hypertensive rats, systolic blood pressure and serum insulin levels normalized, urine osmolarity increased, urine endothelin-1 levels decreased, and aortic endothelin-1, endothelin-A receptor, and angiotensin II receptor type 1 mRNA levels decreased. In contrast, injection of the human tissue kallikrein cDNA had minimal effect on blood pressure or insulin levels in control rats. These results suggest that gene therapy with human tissue kallikrein may have potential as a treatment for hypertension and associated insulin resistance. Moreover, our data suggest that the beneficial effects of human tissue kallikrein on these parameters are associated with changes in endothelin-1, endothelin-A receptor, and angiotensin II receptor type 1 expression.
Internetworking in the Military Environment (1981)

The increasing requirement for data communications in the military environment and the heterogeneous nature of the network technologies and protocols involved are highlighted. The main section of the paper discusses how the design of a military internet architecture is influenced by the military requirements especially that of survivability. Comparison with the civilian PTT approach to internetworking shows that while there are economic advantages to using civilian international standards where possible, these standards do not satisfy the military requirements. In particular the strategies for routing in a heavily changed network environment and addressing hosts that migrate from one network to another must form an integral part of the overall architectural design. This results in gateways whose routing tables have a finer degrees of detail of the internet topology than is usually required but which do not contain connection orientated information. (Author)
The CD4 receptor is complexed in detergent lysates to a protein-tyrosine kinase (pp58) from human T lymphocytes. (1988)

The CD4 (T4) antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on the surface of helper T cells and has been implicated in the regulation of T-cell activation and in the associative recognition of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. In addition, the CD4 antigen appears to serve as a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An important question has been whether the CD4 receptor is linked to an intracellular mediator that could regulate the activation of the CD4+ subset. In this paper, we provide preliminary evidence that the CD4 receptor is complexed in detergent lysates to a protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) of 55-60 kDa, which is expressed specifically in T cells. The PTK is the human analogue of the murine pp56LSTRA (pp56lck) and has significant homology with c-src, c-yes, and other members of the src family. The identification of the PTK associated with CD4 receptor was made by use of an antiserum to a synthetic peptide that was deduced from the DNA sequence of PTK. Two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis/NaDodSO4/PAGE revealed the kinase to focus as a heterogeneous collection of spots in the pH range of 4.0-5.0. Furthermore, in vitro phosphorylation revealed the phosphorylation of two additional polypeptides at 40 and 80 kDa, in addition to the autophosphorylation of the PTK at 55-60 kDa. The potential importance of the association between the CD4 receptor and the PTK of T cells is discussed in relation to T-cell activation and HIV infectivity.
Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic Update (2000)

This document proposes a method for performing secure Domain Name System (DNS) dynamic updates.The method described here is intended to be flexible and useful while requiring as few changes to the protocol as possible.The authentication of the dynamic update message is separate from later DNSSEC validation of the data.Secure communication based on authenticated requests and transactions is used to provide authorization.
Cellular adaptation to hypoxia: O 2 ‐sensing protein hydroxylases, hypoxia‐inducible transcription factors, and O 2 ‐regulated gene expression (2002)

Although it was known for a long time that oxygen deprivation leads to the transcriptional induction of the gene encoding erythropoietin, the molecular mechanisms behind this process remained enigmatic. The cloning of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the finding that HIF-1 regulates the expression of many more genes apart from erythropoietin, and the elucidation of the oxygen-dependent mechanisms degrading the HIF alpha subunits recently led to the spectacular discovery of the molecular principles of oxygen sensing. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of oxygen-regulated gene expression..
Email Grouping and Summarization: An Unsupervised Learning Technique (2009)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a system to group and summarize email messages. The system exploits the subject and content of email messages to classify emails based on userspsila activities and auto generate summaries of each incoming messages. Our framework solves the problem of email overload, congestion, difficulties in prioritizing and successfully processing of contents of new incoming messages and difficulties in finding previously archived messages in the mail box by providing a system that groups emails based on userspsila activities, and providing summaries of emails.
Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond (2007)

Identification of key factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and quantification of this risk using multivariable prediction algorithms are among the major advances made in preventive cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology in the 20th century. The ongoing discovery of new risk markers by scientists presents opportunities and challenges for statisticians and clinicians to evaluate these biomarkers and to develop new risk formulations that incorporate them. One of the key questions is how best to assess and quantify the improvement in risk prediction offered by these new models. Demonstration of a statistically significant association of a new biomarker with cardiovascular risk is not enough. Some researchers have advanced that the improvement in the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) should be the main criterion, whereas others argue that better measures of performance of prediction models are needed. In this paper, we address this question by introducing two new measures, one based on integrated sensitivity and specificity and the other on reclassification tables. These new measures offer incremental information over the AUC. We discuss the properties of these new measures and contrast them with the AUC. We also develop simple asymptotic tests of significance. We illustrate the use of these measures with an example from the Framingham Heart Study. We propose that scientists consider these types of measures in addition to the AUC when assessing the performance of newer biomarkers.
The Use of Antiavidin Antibody and Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex in Immunoperoxidase Technics (1981)

Avidin has an extraordinary affinity for the small-molecule vitamin biotin. Covalently coupling biotin or avidin to peroxidase molecules does not interfere with their normal biochemical functions. The avidin or biotin molecules, either peroxidase conjugated or unconjugated, can be brought to the antigen sites by means of an antiavidin antibody. Several immunohistochemical staining technics based on this principal have been described. The method utilizing an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was found to be more sensitive than the unlabeled antibody (PAP) method. This method involved four sequential staining procedures: (1) primary antibody (goat anti-human antigen); (2) secondary antibody (rabbit antigoat IgG) added in relative excess; (3) goat antiavidin antibody; (4) avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. The applications of this technic are discussed.
Arabidopsis Seed Development and Germination Is Associated with Temporally Distinct Metabolic Switches (2006)

While the metabolic networks in developing seeds during the period of reserve accumulation have been extensively characterized, much less is known about those present during seed desiccation and subsequent germination. Here we utilized metabolite profiling, in conjunction with selective mRNA and physiological profiling to characterize Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds throughout development and germination. Seed maturation was associated with a significant reduction of most sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, suggesting their efficient incorporation into storage reserves. The transition from reserve accumulation to seed desiccation was associated with a major metabolic switch, resulting in the accumulation of distinct sugars, organic acids, nitrogen-rich amino acids, and shikimate-derived metabolites. In contrast, seed vernalization was associated with a decrease in the content of several of the metabolic intermediates accumulated during seed desiccation, implying that these intermediates might support the metabolic reorganization needed for seed germination. Concomitantly, the levels of other metabolites significantly increased during vernalization and were boosted further during germination sensu stricto, implying their importance for germination and seedling establishment. The metabolic switches during seed maturation and germination were also associated with distinct patterns of expression of genes encoding metabolism-associated gene products, as determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analysis of publicly available microarray data. When taken together our results provide a comprehensive picture of the coordinated changes in primary metabolism that underlie seed development and germination in Arabidopsis. They furthermore imply that the metabolic preparation for germination and efficient seedling establishment initiates already during seed desiccation and continues by additional distinct metabolic switches during vernalization and early germination.
Aluminium Alloy-Based Metal Matrix Composites: A Potential Material for Wear Resistant Applications (2012)

Aluminium alloy-based metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been by now established themselves as a suitable wear resistant material especially for sliding wear applications. However, in actual practice engineering components usually encounter combination of wear types. An attempt has been made in the present paper to highlight the effect of dispersing SiC in 2014 base alloy adopting the liquid metallurgy route on different wear modes like sliding, abrasion, erosion, and combinations of wear modes like cavitation erosion, erosion abrasion, sliding abrasion, and the results obtained compared with the base alloy. It is found that there are a number of contributing factors for the resulting wear and all are not necessarily derogatory in nature. The limits within which the AMMCs can exhibit superior performance over the base alloy have been discussed. Worn surface and subsurface studies have been carried out to understand the mechanism of material removal and the role of the different contributing factors to material removal. Wear mechanisms that have been prevalent have been suggested and the possibility of making wear resistant components from the MMCs is discussed based on the experimental results obtained.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplex synchronization techniques for frequency-selective fading channels (2001)

The effect of time-domain and frequency-domain synchronization errors is quantified in the context of various coherently and noncoherently detected 1, 2, and 4 bits/symbol OFDM constellations, in order to demonstrate the wide applicability of the techniques proposed for mitigating the bit error rate (BER) performance degradations inflicted. A reference symbol is proposed and a range of correlation techniques are suggested for coarse and fine synchronization. Their performance is studied over time-dispersive Rayleigh fading channels, with the conclusion that the proposed synchronization techniques result in virtually unimpaired BERs over the range of wideband channels investigated in comparison to a perfectly synchronized system.
Sequential short-text classification with neural networks (2017)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Purification, Bioactivity, and Secondary Structure Analysis of Mouse and Human Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) (1994)

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been identified to be secreted by the pituitary gland and the monocyte/macrophage and to play an important role in endotoxic shock. Despite the recent molecular cloning of a human T-cell MIF, characterization of the biochemical and biological properties of this protein has remained incomplete because substantial quantities of purified, recombinant, or native MIF have not been available. We describe the cloning of mouse MIF from anterior pituitary cells (AtT-20) and the purification of native MIF from mouse liver by sequential ion exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. For comparison purposes, human MIF was cloned from the Jurkat T-cell line and also characterized. Mouse and human MIF were highly homologous (90% identity over 115 amino acids). Recombinant mouse and human MIF were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified in milligram quantities by a simple two-step procedure. The molecular weight of native mouse MIF (12.5 kDa monomer) was identical with that of recombinant mouse MIF as assessed by gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy. No significant post-translational modifications were detected despite the presence of two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Recombinant MIF inhibited monocyte migration in a dose-dependent fashion, and both recombinant and native MIF-exhibited comparable biological activities. MIF induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and stimulated nitric oxide production by macrophages primed with interferon-gamma. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that bioactive mouse and human MIF exhibit a highly ordered, three-dimensional structure with a significant percentage of beta-sheet and alpha-helix conformation. Guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding experiments demonstrated that MIF is of low to moderate thermodynamic stability. These studies establish the biochemical identity of native and recombinant MIF and provide a first insight into the three-dimensional structural properties of this critical inflammatory mediator.
Glomerular mRNAs in human type 1 diabetes: Biochemical evidence for microalbuminuria as a manifestation of diabetic nephropathy (2001)

Glomerular mRNAs in human type 1 diabetes: Biochemical evidence for microalbuminuria as a manifestation of diabetic nephropathy. Background In patients with type 1 diabetes, some consider microalbuminuria to be a predictor of diabetic nephropathy while others believe it is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Levels of mRNAs that are of pathogenetic relevance in diabetic nephropathy were compared in glomeruli isolated from microalbuminuric and overtly proteinuric subjects and in control normoalbuminuric diabetic subjects and living renal transplant donors. Results In subjects with microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria, glomerular mRNAs were virtually identical and approximately twofold higher for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; P P P = 0.4). Weak but statistically significant correlations were noted between CTGF mRNA and albuminuria (assessed by rank), fractional mesangial surface area, and a composite renal biopsy index. Glomerular CTGF mRNA correlated inversely with creatinine clearance. Glomerular collagen α2(IV) mRNA levels correlated with albuminuria (by rank) and less strongly with fractional mesangial area. Conclusion To our knowledge, these data provide the first biochemical evidence demonstrating that the glomeruli of microalbuminuric patients and those with overt proteinuria do not differ significantly. The data support the concept that microalbuminuria is not predictive of diabetic nephropathy, but rather is an earlier point in the spectrum of diabetic nephropathy.