gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil biomarkers predict response to therapy with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

Neutrophils are implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms regulating their activation are largely unknown. RA is a heterogeneous disease, and whereas many patients show clinical improvement during TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy, a significant proportion fails to respond. In vitro activation of neutrophils with agents, including TNF, results in rapid and selective changes in gene expression, but how neutrophils contribute to TNF signaling in RA and whether TNFi sensitivity involves differential neutrophil responses are unknown. With the use of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we analyzed blood neutrophils from 20 RA patients, pre-TNFi therapy, to identify biomarkers of response, measured by a decrease in disease activity score based on 28 joint count (DAS28), 12 wk post-therapy. Biomarkers were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of blood neutrophils from 2 further independent cohorts of RA patients: 16 pre-TNFi and 16 predisease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Twenty-three neutrophil transcripts predicted a 12-wk response to TNFi: 10 (IFN-regulated) genes predicting a European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) good response and 13 different genes [neutrophil granule protein (NGP) genes] predicting a nonresponse. Statistical analysis indicated a predictive sensitivity and specificity of each gene in the panel of >80%, with some 100% specific. A combination of 3 genes [<i>cytidine monophosphate kinase 2</i> (<i>CMPK2</i>), <i>IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1B</i> (<i>IFIT1B</i>), and <i>RNASE3</i>] had the greatest predictive power [area under the curve (AUC) 0.94]. No correlation was found for a response to DMARDs. We conclude that this panel of genes is selective for predicting a response to TNFi and is not a surrogate marker for disease improvement. We also show that in RA, there is great plasticity in neutrophil phenotype, with circulating cells expressing genes normally only expressed in more immature cells.
cGMP-independent inotropic effects of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite donors: potential role for nitrosylation (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) has concentration-dependent biphasic myocardial contractile effects. We tested the hypothesis, in isolated rat hearts, that NO cardiostimulation is primarily non-cGMP dependent. Infusion of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 10(-5) M), which may participate in S-nitrosylation (S-NO) via peroxynitrite formation, increased the rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dt; 19 +/- 4%, P < 0.001, n = 11) without increasing effluent cGMP or cAMP. Superoxide dismutase (SOD; 150 U/ml) blocked SIN-1 cardiostimulation and led to cGMP elaboration. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-10)-10(-7) M), an iron nitrosyl compound, did not augment +dP/dt but increased cGMP approximately eightfold (P < 0.001), whereas diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO; 10(-7) M), a spontaneous NO. donor, increased +dP/dt (5 +/- 2%, P < 0.05, n = 6) without augmenting cGMP. SIN-1 and DEA/NO +dP/dt increase persisted despite guanylyl cyclase inhibition with 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo-(4,3,-a)quinoxalin-1-one (10(-5) M, P < 0.05 for both donors), suggesting a cGMP-independent mechanism. Glutathione (5 x 10(-4) M, n = 15) prevented SIN-1 cardiostimulation, suggesting S-NO formation. SIN-1 also produced SOD-inhibitable cardiostimulation in vivo in mice. Thus peroxynitrite and NO donors can stimulate myocardial contractility independently of guanylyl cyclase activation, suggesting a role for S-NO reactions in NO/peroxynitrite-positive inotropic effects in intact hearts.
Immunohistochemical Localization of the IAP Protein Survivin in Bladder Mucosa and Transitional Cell Carcinoma (2002)

In the current study, the immunohistochemical localization of survivin was correlated with the histologic diagnosis in healthy transitional cell epithelium, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in situ, and TCC of the urinary bladder. Forty-five TCCs (grades 1-3, 15 of each), 14 cases of TCC in situ, and II healthy bladder mucosal specimens were selected from archival collections of formalin-fixed bladder tissues. Slides were reacted with an anti-survivin antibody using a conventional immunohistochemical method and then were scored for nuclear and cytoplasmic staining. Statistical analysis of survivin expression was performed to evaluate the correlation of staining pattern with histologic diagnosis and clinical outcome. Nuclear staining for survivin was detected in 26 of 45 TCCs and in 2 of 14 cases of TCC in situ, but was not detected in healthy bladder mucosa. The association of nuclear staining with TCC versus both healthy bladder mucosa and TCC in situ was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Patients with TCC and a nuclear pattern of survivin localization had a greater period of disease-free survival (27.2 months) than was observed in patients with TCC that showed no nuclear staining for survivin (9.9 months); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Nuclear localization of survivin is a marker of TCC but is rarely present in premalignant or benign bladder mucosal specimens.
Two distinct signal transmission pathways in T lymphocytes are inhibited by complexes formed between an immunophilin and either FK506 or rapamycin. (1990)

Proliferation and immunologic function of T lymphocytes are initiated by signals from the antigen receptor that are inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506 but not by its structural analog, rapamycin. On the other hand, interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced signals are blocked by rapamycin but not by FK506. Remarkably, these two drugs inhibit each other's actions, raising the possibility that both act by means of a common immunophilin (immunosuppressant binding protein). We find that the dissociation constant of rapamycin to the FK506 binding protein FKBP (Kd = 0.2 nM) is close to the dissociation constant of FK506 to FKBP (Kd = 0.4 nM) and to their effective biologic inhibitory concentrations. However, an excess of rapamycin is needed to revert FK506-mediated inhibition of IL-2 production, apoptosis, and transcriptional activation of NF-AT, a T-cell-specific transcription factor necessary for IL-2 gene activation. Similarly, an excess of FK506 is needed to revert rapamycin-mediated inhibition of IL-2-induced proliferation. The drug concentrations required for antagonism may be explained by the relative affinity of the drugs to, and by the abundance of, the immunophilin FKBP. FKBP has been shown to catalyze the interconversion of the cis- and trans-rotamers of the peptidyl-prolyl amide bond of peptide substrates; here we show that rapamycin, like FK506, is a potent inhibitor of the rotamase activity of FKBP (Ki = 0.2 nM). Neither FKBP binding nor inhibition of rotamase activity of FKBP alone is sufficient to explain the biologic actions of these drugs. Rather, these findings suggest that immunophilin bound to FK506 interferes with antigen receptor-induced signals, while rapamycin bound to the immunophilin interferes with IL-2-induced signals.
Smart cars and highways go global (1991)

The status of plans and projects for intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS) in Europe, Japan, and the US is examined. The four broad areas covered by IVHS are described. They are advanced traffic management systems. advanced traveler information systems commercial vehicle operations systems, and advanced vehicle control systems. A variety of projects in Europe, Japan, and the US which aim at proving the feasibility and practicality of IVHS are described. Socioeconomic factors then could delay or even arrest the development of IVHS are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE TRAINING USING CYCLE ERGOMETRY, STAIRSTEPPING, AND TREADMILL WALKING IN PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE PATIENTS 78 (1996)

In order to assess the effects of 3 different modes of exercise training on patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stationary cycle pedaling(E), walking (W), and stair climbing (S), were compared to no exercise training (C). Twenty-two patients with stage II PVD were randomly assigned to exercise modality and participated in a 12 week training program. Variables measured pre and post training to evaluate training were maximal oxygen consumption (VO2), immediate post exercise ankle brachial index (ABI), pain-free walking time (PFWT), maximal walking time (MWT), and resting blood flow (BF). VO2 and ABI were measured following a symptom limited exercise test using both a cycle ergometer (E) and a treadmill (TM). Testing on the TM indicated significant improvement in the TM trained group in VO2. (16.5 ± 3.6 vs. 13.9 ± 3.5) and in MWT (30.5± 14.4 vs. 7.0 ± 4.7). TM testing of the S trained group also resulted in significant improvement in VO2. (17.0 ± 4.6 vs. 13.9± 3.5) and MWT (33.8 ± 18.1 vs. 7.0 ± 4.7). No significant change occurred in the C trained group in any variables. We conclude that both treadmill and stair climbing have a significant influence on improving functional variables in PVD patients and that cycling as a mode of exercise appears to be ineffective.
Obstructive sleep apnea during rapid eye movement sleep (2016)

These findings have significant clinical implications for the duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use that is needed to decrease the health risks associated with OSA. Further research is needed to establish the duration of CPAP needed to effectively treat REM OSA and to evaluate patients with REM OSA with an overall normal apnea-hypopnea index.
Desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 28 cases (1995)

Desmoplastic neurotropic melanomas are neuroectodermal tumors that usually arise from an intraepidermal melanocytic proliferation but rarely develop de novo in the dermis. Schwannian and perineurial differentiation may account for the desmoplasia and neurotropism encountered in these neoplasms. Desmoplastic neurotropic melanomas present at a more advanced stage locally and may be associated with a better survival than associated with conventional melanomas of similar depth of invasion.
Influence of Low-Level Laser on the Speed of Orthodontic Movement (2011)

The diode laser used within the protocol guidelines increased the speed of tooth movement. This might reduce orthodontic treatment time.
Evaluation of Biological Sample Preparation for Immunosignature-Based Diagnostics (2012)

To address the need for a universal system to assess health status, we previously described a method termed "immunosignaturing" which splays the entire humoral antibody repertoire across a peptide microarray. Two important issues relative to the potential broad use of immunosignatures are sample preparation and stability. In the present study, we compared the immunosignatures developed from serum, plasma, saliva, and antibodies eluted from blood dried onto filter paper. We found that serum and plasma provide identical immunosignatures. Immunosignatures derived from dried blood also correlated well with those from nondried serum from the same individual. Immunosignatures derived from dried blood were capable of distinguishing naïve mice from those infected with influenza virus. Saliva was applied to the arrays, and the IgA immunosignature correlated strongly with that from dried blood. Finally, we demonstrate that dried blood retains immunosignature information even when exposed to high temperature. This work expands the potential diagnostic uses for immunosignatures. These features suggest that different forms of archival samples can be used for diagnosis development and that in prospective studies samples can be easily procured.
Fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans: a review of mechanisms. (2004)

Antifungal agents have greatly contributed to the improvement of public health. Nevertheless, antifungal resistant pathogens have increased during the past decade, becoming a serious concern. Candida albicans has been the most extensively studied pathogen in antifungal resistance because of their morbidity and mortality associated with infections in immunocompromised patients. This review describes the antifungal mechanims of the azole fluconazole widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of candidal infections. The specific molecular pathways occurring in fluconazole-resistance of C. albicans and some issues about new antifungal agents are also discussed.
Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage Material With Change-of-Phase Volumetric Effects (1993)

NASA’s Space Station Freedom proposed hybrid power system includes photovoltaic arrays with nickel hydrogen batteries for energy storage and solar dynamic collectors driving Brayton heat engines with change-of-phase thermal energy storage (TES) devices. A TES device is comprised of multiple metallic, annular canisters which contain a eutectic composition LiF-CaF2 phase change material (PCM) that melts at 1040 K. A moderately sophisticated LiF-CaF2 PCM computer model is being developed in two stages considering first one-dimensional and then two-dimensional canister geometries. One-dimensional model results indicate that the void has a marked effect on the phase change process due to PCM displacement and dynamic void heat transfer resistance. Equally influential are the effects of different boundary conditions and liquid PCM free convection. For the second stage, successful numerical techniques used in the one-dimensional phase change model are extended to a two-dimensional (r,z) PCM containment canister model. A prototypical PCM containment canister is analyzed and the results are discussed.
Ceramic Thin-Film Formation on Functionalized Interfaces Through Biomimetic Processing (1994)

Processing routes have been developed for the production of thin ceramic films through precipitation from aqueous solutions. The techniques are based on crystal nucleation and growth onto functionalized interfaces. Surface functionalization routes have been developed by the mimicking of schemes used by organisms to produce complex ceramic composites such as teeth, bones, and shells. High-quality, dense polycrystalline films of oxides, hydroxides, and sulfides have now been prepared from "biomimetic" synthesis techniques. Ceramic films can be synthesized on plastics and other materials at temperatures below 100 degrees C. As a low-temperature process in which water rather than organic solvents is used, this synthesis is environmentally benign. Nanocrystalline ceramics can be produced, sometimes with preferred crystallite orientation. The direct deposition of high-resolution patterned films has also been demonstrated. The process is well suited to the production of organic-inorganic composites.
Reconstitution of lactic dehydrogenase. Noncovalent aggregation vs. reactivation. 1. Physical properties and kinetics of aggregation (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReconstitution of lactic dehydrogenase. Noncovalent aggregation vs. reactivation. 1. Physical properties and kinetics of aggregationGerd Zettlmeissl, Rainer Rudolph, and Rainer JaenickeCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 25, 5567–5571Publication Date (Print):December 11, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 11 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00592a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00592a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations221LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination therapy with polymyxin B for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative respiratory tract infections (2004)

Polymyxin B in combination with other antimicrobials can be considered a reasonable and safe treatment option for MDR Gram-negative respiratory tract infections in the setting of limited therapeutic options.
Reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with human ovarian carcinoma. (1981)

A murine monoclonal antibody (OC125) has been developed that reacts with each of six epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines and with cryopreserved tumor tissue from 12 of 20 ovarian cancer patients. By contrast, the antibody does not bind to a variety of nonmalignant tissues, including adult and fetal ovary. OC125 reacts with only 1 of 14 cell lines derived from nonovarian neoplasms and has failed to react with cryostat sections from 12 nonovarian carcinomas.
Protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (1984)

The effects of passive administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins (GP90 and VP70) was evaluated in cotton rats challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. Animals injected with MAB to VP70 had lower mean viral titers in lung tissues than did controls (log10 2.5 versus 5.4 PFU/g; P less than 0.001), as did cotton rats given MAB to GP90 (log10 2.1 versus 5.0 PFU/g; P less than 0.001). Fifty percent of animals given either MAB had no detectable virus in lung tissues, whereas virus was detected in the lungs of all controls. Virus growth in nasal turbinates was decreased but not eliminated in recipients of either MAB.
Engineering the embryoid body microenvironment to direct embryonic stem cell differentiation (2009)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into all somatic and germ cell types. The intrinsic ability of pluripotent cells to generate a vast array of different cells makes ESCs a robust resource for a variety of cell transplantation and tissue engineering applications, however, efficient and controlled means of directing ESC differentiation is essential for the development of regenerative therapies. ESCs are commonly differentiated in vitro by spontaneously self-assembling in suspension culture into 3D cell aggregates called embryoid bodies (EBs), which mimic many of the hallmarks of early embryonic development, yet the 3D organization and structure of EBs also presents unique challenges to effectively direct the differentiation of the cells. ESC differentiation is strongly influenced by physical and chemical signals comprising the local extracellular microenvironment, thus current methods to engineer EB differentiation have focused primarily on spatially controlling EB size, adding soluble factors to the media, or culturing EBs on or within natural or synthetic extracellular matrices. Although most such strategies aim to influence differentiation from the exterior of EBs, engineering the microenvironment directly within EBs enables new opportunities to efficiently direct the fate of the cells by locally controlling the presentation of morphogenic cues.
Epitaxial Growth of GaN on Sapphire (0001) Substrates by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1995)

GaN epilayers were grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrate by electron cyclotron resonance molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of growth parameters such as growth temperature, nitrogen pressure, Ga cell temperature and substrate-surface nitridation on crystal quality were investigated by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the formation of Ga droplets at the growth surface depends strongy on growth temperature and Ga cell temperature, and flat and smooth surfaces were obtained at the growth temperature of 750° C with the growth rate of 0.5 µ m/h. The III/V ratio has a large effect on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), i.e., on the relaxation of misfit stress. However, substrate-surface nitridation has little effect on the relaxation of misfit stress.
Three-dimensional resist process simulator PEACE (photo and electron beam lithography analyzing computer engineering system) (1991)

A three-dimensional topographical simulator PEACE (photo and electron beam lithography analyzing computer engineering system) is discussed. One of the difficulties in resist topographical simulation exists due to the three-dimensional resist development algorithm. An algorithm based on the cell removal model provides accurate and stable results for the three-dimensional resist development process. The program has been adapted to a supercomputer for quick computation. The simulator can successfully perform the three-dimensional development in an absolutely stable manner, and good agreement can be obtained with experiments for both photo and electron beam lithography.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Induction of Glutathione S -Transferase in Biofilms and Germinating Spores of Mucor hiemalis Strain EH5 from Cold Sulfidic Spring Waters (2007)

The occurrence and activation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the GST activities in biofilms in cold sulfidic spring waters were compared to the occurrence and activation of GST and the GST activities of the aquatic fungal strains EH5 and EH7 of Mucor hiemalis isolated for the first time from such waters. Using fluorescently labeled polyclonal anti-GST antibodies and GST activity measurements, we demonstrated that a high level of GST occurred in situ in natural biofilms and pure cultures of strain EH5. Measurement of microsomal and cytosolic soluble GST activities using different xenobiotic substrates, including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane, 1-iodo-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and fluorodifen, showed that the overall biotransforming abilities of biofilms were at least sixfold greater than that of strain EH5 alone. Increasing the level of sodium thiosulfate (STS) in the medium stimulated the microsomal and cytosolic GST activities with CDNB of strain EH5 about 44- and 94-fold, respectively, compared to the activities in the control. The induction of microsomal GST activity with fluorodifen by STS was strongly linear, but the initial strong linear increase in cytosolic GST activity with fluorodifen showed saturation-like effects at STS concentrations higher than approximately 1 mM. Using laser scanning confocal and conventional fluorescence microscopy, abundant fluorescently labeled GST proteins were identified in germinating sporangiospores of strain EH5 after activation by STS. High-performance size exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of at least two main GSTs ( approximately 27.8- and approximately 25.6-kDa subunits) in the cytosol of EH5, whereas the major 27.8-kDa subunit was the only GST in microsomes. We suggest that differential cellular GST expression takes place in strain EH5 depending on spore and hyphal development. Our results may contribute to our understanding of induction of GST by sulfurous compounds, as well as to the immunofluorescence visualization of GST in aquatic fungus and fungus-bacterium biofilms.