gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining BET and HDAC inhibitors synergistically induces apoptosis of melanoma and suppresses AKT and YAP signaling (2015)

Histone acetylation marks have an important role in controlling gene expression and are removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs). These marks are read by bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins and novel inhibitiors of these proteins are currently in clinical development. Inhibitors of HDAC and BET proteins have individually been shown to cause apoptosis and reduce growth of melanoma cells. Here we show that combining the HDAC inhibitor LBH589 and BET inhibitor I-BET151 synergistically induce apoptosis of melanoma cells but not of melanocytes. Induction of apoptosis proceeded through the mitochondrial pathway, was caspase dependent and involved upregulation of the BH3 pro-apoptotic protein BIM. Analysis of signal pathways in melanoma cell lines resistant to BRAF inhibitors revealed that treatment with the combination strongly downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins and proteins in the AKT and Hippo/YAP signaling pathways. Xenograft studies showed that the combination of inhibitors was more effective than single drug treatment and confirmed upregulation of BIM and downregulation of XIAP as seen in vitro. These results support the combination of these two classes of epigenetic regulators in treatment of melanoma including those resistant to BRAF inhibitors.
Performance analysis and optimization of schedules for conditional and loop-intensive specifications (1994)

This paper presents a new method, based on Markov chain analysis, to evaluate the performance of schedules of behavioral specifications. The proposed performance measure is the expected number of clock cycles required by the schedule for a complete execution of the behavioral specification for any distribution of inputs. The measure considers both the repetition of operations (due to loops) and their conditional execution (due to conditional branches). We propose an efficient technique to calculate the metric. We introduce a loop-directed scheduling algorithm (LDS). The algorithm produces schedules such that the expected number of clock cycles, required by the schedule for a complete execution of the behavioral specification, is minimized. Experimental results on several conditional and loop-intensive specifications demonstrate the relevance and effectiveness of both the performancemeasure and the scheduling algorithm.
Selection of energy storage system for a regenerative dynamic dynamometer (2003)

This paper presents a design technique of a fully regenerative dynamic dynamometer. It incorporates an energy storage system to absorb the energy variation due to dynamometer transients. This allows the minimum power electronics requirement at the grid to supply the losses. The simulation results of the full system over a driving cycle show the amount of energy required to complete a driving cycle, therefore the size of the energy storage system can be determined.
Novel Mechanism of Antibody-Independent Complement Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2000)

The envelope surface glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1 interferes with the complement cascade by binding C3 and activation products C3b, iC3b, and C3c, and by blocking the interaction of C5 and properdin with C3b. Wild-type HSV-1 is resistant to Ab-independent complement neutralization; however, HSV-1 mutant virus lacking gC is highly susceptible to complement resulting in > or =100-fold reduction in virus titer. We evaluated the mechanisms by which complement inhibits HSV-1 gC null virus to better understand how gC protects against complement-mediated neutralization. C8-depleted serum prepared from an HSV-1 and -2 Ab-negative donor neutralized gC null virus comparable to complement-intact serum, indicating that C8 and terminal lytic activity are not required. In contrast, C5-depleted serum from the same donor failed to neutralize gC null virus, supporting a requirement for C5. EDTA-treated serum did not neutralize gC null virus, indicating that complement activation is required. Factor D-depleted and C6-depleted sera neutralized virus, suggesting that the alternative complement pathway and complement components beyond C5 are not required. Complement did not aggregate virus or block attachment to cells. However, complement inhibited infection before early viral gene expression, indicating that complement affects one or more of the following steps in virus replication: virus entry, uncoating, DNA transport to the nucleus, or immediate early gene expression. Therefore, in the absence of gC, HSV-1 is readily inhibited by complement by a C5-dependent mechanism that does not require viral lysis, aggregation, or blocking virus attachment.
Introducing “Ynene” Metathesis: Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization Leads to Highly Cis and Syndiotactic Cyclic Polymers of Norbornene (2016)

Tungsten alkylidynes [CF3-ONO]W≡CC(CH3)3(THF)2 (1) and [(t)BuOCO]W≡CC(CH3)3(THF)2 (3) react with ethylene. Complex 1 reacts reversibly with ethylene to give the metallacyclobutene (2). Complex 3 reacts with ethylene to form the tethered alkylidene (4) featuring a tetraanionic pincer ligand. Complexes 1 and 3 initiate the polymerization of norbornene at room temperature. The polymerization of norbornene by 1 is not stereoselective, whereas 3 generates a highly cis and syndiotactic cyclic polynorbornene. Comparison of the intrinsic viscosity, radius of gyration, and elution time of the synthesized cyclic polynorbornene with those of linear analogues provides conclusive evidence for a cyclic topology.
Tension development and sarcomere length in rat cardiac trabeculae. Evidence of length-dependent activation. (1980)

We studied the influence of inotropic factors on the shape of the relation between tension and sarcomere length.Tension measurements were performed on thin trabeculae dissected from the right ventricle of the rat heart.Sarcomere length was measured by laser diffraction techniques and controlled by a servomotor system.The relations between tension and sarcomere length were derived from contractions at various extracellular calcium concentrations [Ca 2+ ] o .The time course of tension development was dependent on both sarcomere length and [Ca 2+ ] o .At all [Ca 2+ ] o , the tension attained during contraction was zero at sarcomere lengths of 1.55-1.60pm and maximal at a sarcomere length of 2.35 /im.Neither a summit nor a descending limb was found in the sarcomere length-tension relation.At [Ca 2+ ] o = 0.5 mM, tension increased linearly with sarcomere length, whereas at [Ca 2+ ] o = 2.5 mM, it approached maximal tension exponentially with sarcomere length.The relations between tension and sarcomere length derived from isometric contractions of the muscle and of sarcomeres were identical, and this suggests that shortening of sarcomeres does not contribute significantly to the effect of [Ca 2+ ] o .The relations between tension and sarcomere length obtained at [Ca 2+ ] o = 0.5 mM from contractions 30 seconds after a potentiating burst of stimuli (4 seconds at 4 Hz) were identical to the relation between tension and sarcomere length at [Ca 2+ ] o = 2.5 mm.Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac muscle length affects contractile performance by its influence on excitation contraction coupling.CircRes 46: [703][704][705][706][707][708][709][710][711][712][713][714] 1980 THE shape of the relation between tension and sarcomere length in cardiac papillary muscle suggests length-dependent activation of the contractile system (Jewell, 1977).However, there are no data on the effect of inotropic interventions on this curve.Only muscle length-tension curves are available, and these give conflicting results (Jewell, 1977;Huntsman and Stewart, 1977;Sonnenblick, 1962;Bodem et al., 1976).It is known that during isometric contractions there is considerable shortening of sarcomeres in the central region of papillary muscle.This happens at the expense of stretch of damaged regions near the clamps holding the ends of the specimen (Krueger and Pollack, 1975;Pollack and Krueger, 1976;Julian et al., 1976;Julian and Sollins, 1975).The damaged regions as well as the normal region may be influenced by inotropic factors.The interpretation of results of isometric contractions of the muscle is therefore ambiguous.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of different calcium concentrations on the relations
Gating of epidermal plasmodesmata is restricted to the leading edge of expanding infection sites of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (1997)

Plasmodesmatal gating in epidermal cells of Nicotiana tabacum was examined in expanding infection sites of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing a fusion between the viral movement protein and the green fluorescent protein (MP-GFP). The infection sites were circular in profile and within 3 days post-inoculation had developed a brightly fluorescent leading edge, giving them a characteristic 'halo' shape. Co-localization of MP-GFP with callose demonstrated that nearly all epidermal cell plasmodesmata were targeted with MP-GFP. The fusion protein was located in the centre of the plasmodesmal pore, between paired callose platelets. Increase in plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit, as determined by the passage of microinjected 10 kDa Texas Red dextran, was restricted predominantly to cells within the fluorescent halo, and was virtually absent from cells in the centre of the expanding infection site. The plasmodesmata of these cells, however, remained fluorescently labelled with MP-GFP. Injections outside the fluorescent infection site failed to show movement of dextran, while dextran injected into cells at the leading edge moved inwards towards the centre of the lesion but not outwards into cells lacking GFP. Leaf incisions through cells ahead of the infection front halted the advance of the virus, indicating that virus replication was absent in non-fluorescent cells outside the infection site. The data provide the first demonstration that within an expanding infection site plasmodesmatal gating is under temporal control.
Photoreversible Chain Extension of Poly(ethylene glycol) (2004)

Abstract Summary: Coumarin containing poly(ethylene glycol) monols and diols were prepared in a telechelic fashion using quantitative end group esterification. The coumarin modified poly(ethylene glycol) monols and diols were solution cast into films (1 to 15 μm) and chain extended via the dimerization of the coumarin derivatives with UVA (&gt;300 nm) light irradiation. The coumarin‐modified PEG diol doubled in molecular weight, and the molecular weight distribution increased from 1.17 to 2.75 upon exposure to 110 J · cm −2 of UVA light. The chain extended poly(ethylene glycol)s were subsequently converted to their original molecular weight via the photocleavage reaction of the coumarin dimer at 254 nm with less than 2 J · cm −2 . The photoreversible chain length modulation was monitored utilizing GPC, DSC and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Molecular weight modulation of COU‐PEG‐COU. magnified image Molecular weight modulation of COU‐PEG‐COU.
PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR SPLIT-APERTURE CONVENTIONAL BEAMFORMING (1999)

Quiet submarine threats and high clutter in the littoral undersea environment increase the processing demands on beamforming arrays, particularly for applications which require in-array autonomous operation. Whereas traditional single-aperture beamforming approaches may falter, the Split-Aperture Conventional Beamforming (SA-CBF) algorithm can be used to meet stringent requirements for more precise bearing estimation. Moreover, by coupling each transducer node with a microprocessor, parallel processing of the split-aperture beamformer on a distributed system can glean advantages in execution speed, fault tolerance, scalability, and cost. In this paper, parallel algorithms for SA-CBF are introduced using coarse-grained and medium-grained forms of decomposition. Performance results from parallel and sequential algorithms are presented using a distributed system testbed comprised of a cluster of workstations connected by a high-speed network. The execution times, parallel efficiencies, and memory requirements of each parallel algorithm are presented and analyzed. The results of these analyses demonstrate that parallel in-array processing holds the potential to meet the needs of future advanced sonar beamforming algorithms in a scalable fashion.
Superhydrophobic surface produced on polyimide and silicon by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from hexamethyldisiloxane precursor (2015)

Plasma polymerisation of hexamethyldisiloxane (PPHMDSO) has been used to deposit micro- and nanostructured thin layers on silicon and polyimide substrates, using low-pressure and low-frequency plasma discharge. The effects of plasma chamber pressure and deposition time on film characteristics have been studied. Thickness, surface properties and chemical structure of the deposited thin layers were analysed by means of profilo-meter, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), static contact angle and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. For some deposition parameters, nanopowders of different concentrations and size were observed on the elaborated thin layer surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis has revealed thin layers with chemical formula close to SiOxCyHz, with more organic character when the chamber pressure and the deposition time were increased. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements show that increasing deposition pressure and deposition time lead to the growth of a superhydrophobic surface on both polyimide and silicon substrates, owing to the increase in the nanopowders concentration over the coated surface.
A Novel Human Serum Lectin with Collagen- and Fibrinogen-like Domains That Functions as an Opsonin (1996)

Collectins are C-type animal lectins with both collagenous and carbohydrate recognition domains and are involved in the first line host defense against pathogens. We report here a novel Ca(2+)-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin consisting of subunits of 35 kDa (P35) with a collagen-like sequence. When P35 is isolated from human serum, it forms a homopolymer by means of intermolecular disulfide bonding, as is the case with collectins. P35 cDNA was cloned from a human liver cDNA library, and the deduced amino acid sequence of 313 residues revealed that the mature form of P35 consists mainly of collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains. The latter contained two potential Ca(2+)-binding sites that may be involved in carbohydrate binding. The overall sequence of P35 was highly homologous to porcine ficolins alpha and beta. Northern blots of various human tissues showed that the major product of the 1.3-kilobase-long P35 transcript is expressed in liver. P35 enhanced phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by neutrophils, suggesting an opsonic effect via the collagen region. P35 was found to bind to GlcNAc-conjugated bovine serum albumin, a neoglycoprotein, as well as to neoglycolipids containing complex-type oligosaccharides derived from glycoproteins, suggesting that P35 recognizes GlcNAc residues such as those found in microbial glycoconjugates and complex-type oligosaccharides. Therefore, P35 represents a new type of GlcNAc-binding lectin with structural and functional similarities to collectins involved in innate immunity.
Expression analysis of the human testis-specific serine/threonine kinase (TSSK) homologues. A TSSK member is present in the equatorial segment of human sperm (2004)

Two members of the human testis-specic serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase family, TSSK 1 and TSSK 2, were cloned and sequenced from a human testis adaptor-ligated cDNA library using a PCR strategy. Within the cDNA, open reading frames (ORF) were dened encoding proteins of 367 and 358 amino acids respectively, as well as conserved kinase domains typical of the superfamily of Ser/Thr kinases. Both genes were intronless and mapped to chromosomes 5 and 22 respectively. The human and mouse homologues of TSSK 1 and TSSK 2, together with TSSK 3 and SSTK/FKSG82, constitute a kinase subfamily closely related to the calmodulin kinases and SNF/nim 1 kinase subfamilies. Similar to the mouse, tissue expression by northern and dot blot analysis revealed that human TSSK 1 and 2 messages are expressed exclusively in the testis. However, mRNA for these kinases can be detected in other tissues using real-time PCR. In addition, TSKS, the human homologue of a putative substrate of TSSK 1 and 2, was cloned. TSKS had an ORF of 592 amino acids and was also expressed exclusively in the testis as demonstrated by northern and dot blot analyses; however, lower levels of expression in other tissues were detected using realtime PCR. Human TSSK 2 and TSKS interacted in a yeast two-hybrid system and also co-immunoprecipitated after in vitro translation. TSSK 2 expressed in yeast and bacteria was able to autophosphorylate and also phosphorylated recombinant TSKS in vitro. Antibodies against recombinant TSSK 2 demonstrated that a member of the TSSK family was present in human testis and localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. In contrast, TSKS was only found in the testis. The nding of a TSSK family member in mature sperm suggests that this family of kinases might play a role in sperm function.
Fast polymer spatial light modulators for dynamic holographic WDM network components (1998)

The provision of a range of WDM network component functionality by ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulators (SLM) has already been demonstrated, but reconfigurration speed is limited to the order of 100 kHz by liquid crystal response time. A future generation of fast spatial light modulators might be based on a (chi) <SUP>(2</SUP>) material, yielding a device response time limited only by electronic RC product. This paper presents device modeling and characterisation of single-pixel SLMs based on an approximately 2 micrometer film of commercially available nonlinear optical polymer (NLOP) in an asymmetric Fabry-Perot (AFP) cavity. Polymer films were poled at a low field of approximately 35 V/micrometer and a 10-V modulating signal applied. Intensity modulation of 0.3% was provided by a gold/gold etalon device at 633 nm, while 1.4% modulation was provided by a hybrid device having an ITO-coated dielectric rear mirror and gold front mirror. Transmitted intensity modulation of the former device around 1.55 micrometer was approximately 0.1% and had a 3-dB bandwidth of 10.8 nm. Modelled behaviour has been extrapolated to yield two significant performance indicators: (1) the diffraction efficiency (eta) of a multiple-pixel 1-D AFP NLOP-SLM is largely phase modulation-dependent, having a maximum value of approximately 13.5% cf. approximately 40% for a binary phase FLC-SLM; (2) the 3-dB bandwidth of (eta) ca. 1.55 micrometer is approximately 5 nm in this configuration, but an approximately 190 nm-thin cavity hybrid device could have an (eta) <SUB>3dB</SUB> approximately 30 nm.
SPAM-8, a mouse-human heteromyeloma fusion partner in the production of human monoclonal antibodies. Establishment of a human monoclonal antibody against cytomegalovirus (1991)

A heteromyeloma (mouse x human) cell line (SPAM-8) was produced by fusing mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0) with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cells were sensitive to aminopterin and resistant to ouabain. The cells showed a doubling time of about 19 hours and a cloning efficiency of 0.8 cells/well (to obtain growth in 50% of wells seeded) using mouse thymocytes as feeder cells. The number of chromosomes was about 86 and 1% of the total DNA was of human origin. Fusion of SPAM-8 cells with lymphocytes prepared from human spleens resulted in approximately one hybridoma per 10(5) seeded lymphocytes. A trioma (human x [mouse x human]) cell line was established by fusing cells of an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line with SPAM-8 cells. The trioma cells produced antibodies (IgG1, K) against cytomegalovirus, in a concentration of 7 micrograms/ml in spent medium, over a period of six months of continuous culture. The results obtained indicate that the heteromyeloma SPAM-8 may be used as a fusion partner in the production of human monoclonal antibodies.
Near-to-eye display based on retinal scanning and a diffractive exit-pupil expander (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel design to construct a near-to-eye display with an appearance resembling that of a regular eye wear. Our design combines a scanning display engine with a diffractive exit pupil expander. Both of these components have been used separately earlier, but we propose to combine them in a single device. This allows the construction of a smaller and lighter display system, as well as a more power efficient design as compared to traditional micro display based systems. In our design the light source can be moved away from the display to decrease the weight and size. An exit-pupil expander based on diffractive optics allows a size and weight efficient way to build a near-to-eye display with a large exit pupil. A large exit pupil is desired in near-to-eye displays to accommodate the eye movements and to improve the comfort and ease of the use. The diffractive exit-pupil expander also allows a switchable see-through feature; enabling the viewer the see the surroundings together with the displayed information. In the paper the operation and the design of the proposed near-to-eye display are described. We also present modeling results that support the validity of the design, and finally some preliminary measurement results are given.
Integral Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2005)

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult stem cells that reside within the bone marrow compartment. In the traditional developmental model, adult stem cells are able to differentiate only to the tissue in which they reside. Recent data have challenged the committed fate of the adult stem cells, presenting evidence for their multi-lineage differentiation potential. In addition, potential therapeutic benefits of MSC administration have been the main concern of much research, including clinical trials. These studies promote adult stem cell therapy by shedding some light on the therapeutic potential of MSC and their mechanism of action. Many doubts have found their way into MSC research. They question MSC potency and beneficial contribution. However, these obstacles should not arrest but set a challenge to MSC researchers to examine their achievements under a magnifying glass. Therapeutic benefits of MSC exogenous delivery do not run counter to its possible participation in endogenous repair. Several reports imply MSC involvement in physiological repair but no explicit data support this hypothesis. This review tries to put MSC research into perspective. Possible therapeutic applications of MSC therapy for damaged tissue replacement, tissue engineering and the underlying repair mechanisms will be discussed. In addition, reported data about MSC possible involvement in physiological multiple tissue repair, their homing to injury and site-specific differentiation will be presented.