gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very high frequency proton NMR studies of the conformations of opiate agonists and antagonists (1985)

Abstract The solution conformational properties of the opiate agonist‐antagonist pairs morphine‐nalorphine and oxymorphone‐naloxone have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy of their salts and free bases in aqueous and non‐aqueous solutions, respectively. Nitrogen inversion in the piperidine ring takes place in these compounds. However, the equilibrium ratios differ between pairs. The conformations of the piperidine rings are chairs with differing degrees of distortion from ideality. On the NMR time scale the dynamically averaged orientations of the N ‐allyl substituents in the antagonists differ from one another with respect to a fixed molecular coordinate system. The C‐14 hydroxy group in oxymorphone‐naloxone appears to be solvated, and this has important conformational effects. In these latter compounds a stereoelectronic effect takes place involving the C‐6 carbonyl position (D ring), which results in differential labilization of the C‐7 protons.
Stereotactic Injection of Adenoviral Vectors that Target Gene Expression to Specific Pituitary Cell Types: Implications for Gene Therapy (2000)

These findings indicate that adenoviral vectors carrying pituitary gland-specific promoters may be useful for targeted gene therapy of pituitary diseases. However, because of low transduction after peripheral administration, stereotactic injection or local administration of viruses at the time of pituitary surgery is probably required for efficient gene expression.
Wellens' syndrome (2007)

We report a case of quite rare cause of thoracic pain suspected by emergency physician as Wellens&rsquo; syndrome. Wellens&rsquo; syndrome is a pattern of electrocardiographic T-wave changes associated with critical, proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). This syndrome is about 10-15% of all unstable angina in emergency department (ED). The cardiologic consult was obtained in ED and it was not conclusive for a Wellens&rsquo; syndrome, so that the diagnostistic planning was wrong. The authors point out the importance of this syndrome in ED and the necessity of an urgent angiographic study as every acute coronary syndrome presented in ED. We remark the importance in ED to recognize these changes associated with critical LAD obstruction and the high risk for anterior wall myocardial infarction.
Debug support for complex systems on-chip: a review (2006)

The introduction of complex systems-on-chip (SoC) devices with multiple processor cores presents new challenges for embedded systems developers. Novel development tools specifically targeting complex SoC will help overcome these challenges, but are typically limited by inadequate debug support facilities within the SoC. High-quality debug support with advanced features is essential to take full advantage of complex SoC devices in challenging applications while simultaneously reducing development time. Here, existing strategies for providing comprehensive SoC debug support targeting hard real-time applications, such as automotive control, where development challenges are overwhelming are reviewed. This overview includes an evaluation of the available solutions and their suitability for use with the next generation of complex SoC based on multiple processor cores. It is shown that many existing solutions do not readily permit developers to take advantage of the complex features integrated into the next generation of SoC. The essential features of debug support for multiple processor core SoCs are summarised and discussed. Recommendations are made for SoC designers and for the future direction of research in this area, with the aim of providing a more suitable foundation for new development tools. Such tools are badly needed for all hard real-time embedded systems and are paramount to managing the development complexity introduced by SoC devices with multiple highly interactive processor cores and active peripherals.
[Three models of eyeglass test frames]. (1995)

The paper presents a technical, medical and economic rationales for the expediency of simultaneous manufacture of three models of present-day test spectacle frames, such as general-purpose, semiframe, and simplified semiframe ones, which will provide their rational, methodological and the most efficient use in choosing corrective spectacles in relation to the complexity of chosen vision correction.
Fully Embedded Board-Level Optical Interconnects From Waveguide Fabrication to Device Integration (2008)

This paper presents the latest progress toward fully embedded board-level optical interconnects in the aspect of waveguide fabrication and device integration. A one-step pattern transfer method is used to form a large cross-section multimode waveguide array with 45deg micromirrors by silicon hard molding method. Optimized by a novel spin-coating surface smoothing method for the master mold, the waveguide propagation loss is reduced to 0.09 dB/cm. The coupling efficiency of the metal-coated reflecting mirror, which is embedded in the thin-film waveguide, is simulated by an M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> factor revised Gaussian beam method and is experimentally measured to be 85%. The active optoelectronic devices, vertical surface emitter lasers and p-i-n photodiodes, are integrated with the mirror-ended waveguide array and successfully demonstrate a 10 Gbps signal transmission over the embeddable optical layer.
Measurement and correction of respiration‐induced B0 variations in breast 1H MRS at 4 Tesla (2004)

Respiratory motion is well known to cause artifacts in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In MRS of the breast, the dominant artifact is not due to motion of the breast itself, but rather it is produced by B0 field distortions associated with respiratory motion of tissues in the chest and abdomen. This susceptibility artifact has been reported to occur in the brain, but it is more apparent in the breast due to the anatomic proximity of the lungs. In the breast, these B0 distortions cause shot-to-shot frequency shifts, which vary an average of 24 Hz during a typical 1H MRS scan at 4 T. This variation can be corrected retrospectively by frequency shifting individual spectra prior to averaging. If not corrected, these shifts reduce spectral resolution and increase peak fitting errors. This work demonstrates the artifact, describes a method for correcting it, and evaluates its impact on quantitative spectroscopy. When the artifact is not corrected, quantification errors increase by an average of 28%, which dramatically impacts the ability to measure metabolite resonances at low signal-to-noise ratios.
Expression of the urokinase receptor in vascular endothelial cells is stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor. (1991)

Basic fibroblast growth factor, a potent angiogenesis inducer, stimulates urokinase (uPA) production by vascular endothelial cells. In both basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated and -nonstimulated bovine capillary endothelial and human umbilical vein endothelial cells single-chain uPA binding is mediated by a membrane protein with a Mr of 42,000. Exposure of bovine capillary or endothelial human umbilical vein endothelial cells to pmolar concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor results in a dose-dependent, protein synthesis-dependent increase in the number of membrane receptors for uPA (19,500-187,000) and in a parallel decrease in their affinity (KD = 0.144-0.790 nM). With both cells, single-chain uPA binding is competed by synthetic peptides whose sequence corresponds to the receptor-binding sequence in the NH2-terminal domain of uPA. Exposure of bovine capillary endothelial cells to transforming growth factor beta 1, which inhibits uPA production and upregulates type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, the major endothelial cell plasminogen activator inhibitor, has no effect on uPA receptor levels. These results show that basic fibroblast growth factor, besides stimulating uPA production by vascular endothelial cells, also increases the production of receptors, which modulates their capacity to focalize this enzyme on the cell surface. This effect may be important in the degradative processes that occur during angiogenesis.
cAMP-activated chloride conductance in the colonic cell line, Caco-2 (1992)

In this study we investigated the properties of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated Cl- efflux in Caco-2 monolayers by measuring 125I efflux rates from preloaded cells and using patch-clamp electrophysiology. The addition of a cocktail containing 100 microM dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), 10 microM forskolin, and 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine caused a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the rate of 125I efflux. Dissipation of cell potential by adding valinomycin (4.5 microM) with 135 mM extracellular KCl reduced the cAMP-evoked 125I efflux. These results suggest that cAMP-stimulated anion efflux occurs through a conductive pore or channel. Whole cell currents evoked with DBcAMP or forskolin were anion selective, PCl greater than PI greater than Pgluconate, and exhibited a linear current-voltage (I-V) relationship. Currents evoked with depolarizing or hyperpolarizing voltage steps showed no evidence of time-dependent activation or inactivation. Single Cl- channels were stimulated in cell-attached patches after treatment with cAMP. Onset of channel activity occurred after 20-30s of cAMP treatment, and the response was long lasting. The I-V relationship for the channel activated in cell-attached patches by cAMP was best fit using two linear regressions. The slope conductance of the channel was 3.2 +/- 0.6 and 7.4 +/- 0.3 pS at hyperpolarizing and depolarizing potentials, respectively. Substitution of 140 mM NaCl with 70 mM NaCl in the patch pipette resulted in a positive shift in reversal potential, indicating that the channel is anion selective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Large Improvement of the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Polymer Membrane Electrodes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLarge Improvement of the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Polymer Membrane ElectrodesTomasz Sokalski, Alan Ceresa, Titus Zwickl, and Ernö PretschView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 46, 11347–11348Publication Date (Web):November 19, 1997Publication History Received20 August 1997Revised8 October 1997Published online19 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972932hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972932hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2756Altmetric-Citations379LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Electrolytes,Ions,Membranes,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
An 8 kDa Methionine-Rich Protein from Soybean (Glycine max) Cotyledon:  Identification, Purification, and N-Terminal Sequence (1996)

The genes encoding methionine-rich proteins (MRP) in seeds are candidates for overexpression to enhance the nutritional quality of legume proteins, which are relatively deficient in methionine. Our previous work on soybean seed localized the MRP in the albumin fraction, and the present work further localized them in the low molecular weight fraction (LMW) of albumin. Enrichment of the albumin fraction for LMW proteins by heparin−Sepharose affinity chromatography before resolution on 2D SDS−PAGE and labeling of methionine-containing proteins with [1-14C]iodoacetate resulted in identification of three methionine-rich 8 kDa proteins with different pI values. The most acidic of the three (2D-1) was recovered for amino acid analysis and partial protein sequencing. 2D-1 had 8.6% methionine, 11.4% lysine, and high amounts of glutamic acid and aspartic acid. This work lays the groundwork for cloning of the gene encoding 2D-1, its eventual overexpression in soybean seed, and elucidation of a possible biological role for 2D-1 and related proteins. Keywords: Methionine-rich protein; soybean (Glycine max)
Optical studies of anisotropic networks in polymer‐stabilized liquid crystals (1997)

Abstract— Polymer‐stabilized liquid crystals form a class of unique materials in advanced flat‐panel‐display technology. We have synthesized azo‐containing diacrylate monomers and have used their dichroic nature to study the anisotropic nature of the polymer network formed upon photopolymerization in a nematic solvent in 5‐ and 10‐μm cells. The effects of monomer structure, concentration, and UV dose on the order parameter have been studied. While order parameter does not appear to be dependent upon the intensity of the UV light used in the polymerization, SEM photos and electro‐optic studies of the cells indicate a dependence of the network morphology and cell response on UV lamp intensity.
Expression of homocellular and heterocellular gap junctions in hamster arterioles and feed arteries (2003)

The absence of differential gap junctional expression between CPA and RFA, in spite of documented differences in cellular conduction pathways, supports the hypothesis that conductance of vascular gap junction channels can be differentially modulated in resistance microvessels.
DNA Target Motifs of Somatic Mutagenesis in Antibody Genes (2002)

During humoral immunity to T-cell-dependent antigens, responding B lymphocytes selectively mutate their antibody variable region genes at a high rate. This, together with the process of clonal selection, ultimately enhances the affinity and specificity of the antibody molecule and memory B cells that express it as a receptor. Despite several decades of investigation, the mutation mechanism has remained unresolved, largely due to the convoluted nature of experimental systems used to approach it. Somatic mutations preferentially occur within specific oligonudeotide motifs, and this targeting is consistent in all immunoglobulin genes of humans and mice that we have examined, suggesting that a conserved mechanism operates in both species. Our mutation targeting analyses implicate evolution of germline variable gene sequences to direct somatic mutations to specific codon positions in a manner that regulates the frequency of amino acid replacements to the benefit of the antibody product. Finally, our recent strand bias analyses support the idea that somatic mutation occurs preferentially, perhaps exclusively, at two bases on both strands of DNA. These and related observations from other laboratories support a mutation model that invokes at least two error-prone polymerases that have distinct template biases and requirements for elements of postreplicative mismatch repair.
Real-time In Vivo Molecular Detection of Primary Tumors and Metastases with Ratiometric Activatable Cell-Penetrating Peptides (2012)

Management of metastatic disease is integral to cancer treatment. Evaluation of metastases often requires surgical removal of all anatomically susceptible lymph nodes for ex vivo pathologic examination. We report a family of novel ratiometric activatable cell-penetrating peptides, which contain Cy5 as far red fluorescent donor and Cy7 as near-infrared fluorescent acceptor. Cy5 is quenched in favor of Cy7 re-emission until the intervening linker is cut by tumor-associated matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP2,9) or elastases. Such cleavage increases the Cy5:Cy7 emission ratio 40-fold and triggers tissue retention of the Cy5-containing fragment. This ratiometric increase provides an accelerated and quantifiable metric to identify primary tumors and metastases to liver and lymph nodes with increased sensitivity and specificity. This technique represents a significant advance over existing nonratiometric protease sensors and sentinel lymph node detection methods, which give no information about cancer invasion.
Ionic Liquids in Catalytic Biomass Transformation (2011)

1.1 Alternatives to fossil fuels biomass For the past 150 years, coal, natural gas and petroleum functioned as our main sources of energy and chemicals. They provide an estimated 86% of energy and 96% of organic chemicals [1]. However, these natural resources will be depleted in the near future as studies has predicted that the global energy demand will grow over 50% by 2030 as shown in Figure 1 [2]. In addition, problem concerning global warming brought about from the emission of fossil fuels remains a major concern. Hence, there is an urgent need for us to seek alternative renewable and greener energy sources; the answer lies in biomass which possesses huge amounts of stored chemical energy. The stored chemical energy in biomass has the potential to be tapped to meet the rising energy demand. Biomass is one of the most valuable products from living things where simple molecules such as H2O, CO2, N2 are transformed into complex substances activated or catalyzed by biochemical processes (e.g. photosynthesis). Trees trap approximately 1% of solar energy and transform them into biomass. This energy is stored in the form of complex molecules such as lignin, carbohydrates, proteins, glycerides and others. Carbohydrates or saccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses and starch) constitute 75% of the plant biomass, with 40% of the carbohydrate fraction of biomass being cellulose and 25% being hemicelluloses. Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy sources: garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases, and alcohol fuels. Being the most abundant renewable resource as described in Figure 2, with approximately production of 1.0 x 1011 tons annually, biomass was recognized as the best candidate to replace fossil fuels [3]. The transformation of biomass into value added chemicals gives little or no harmful side products which address the pressing issue for greener alternatives to fossil fuels. Other than being renewable and abundant, biomass is a cost effective feedstock. Cellulose, the major component of the carbohydrate fraction of biomass is hard to deal with. It is insoluble in most conventional organic solvent and water, which hinders the ease of
The complete genome sequence of Clostridium indolis DSM 755T (2014)

Clostridium indolis DSM 755(T) is a bacterium commonly found in soils and the feces of birds and mammals. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the ecology or physiology of this species. However, close relatives, C. saccharolyticum and C. hathewayi, have demonstrated interesting metabolic potentials related to plant degradation and human health. The genome of C. indolis DSM 755(T) reveals an abundance of genes in functional groups associated with the transport and utilization of carbohydrates, as well as citrate, lactate, and aromatics. Ecologically relevant gene clusters related to nitrogen fixation and a unique type of bacterial microcompartment, the CoAT BMC, are also detected. Our genome analysis suggests hypotheses to be tested in future culture based work to better understand the physiology of this poorly described species.
Oxidized LDL and HDL: antagonists in atherothrombosis (2001)

Increased LDL oxidation is associated with coronary artery disease. The predictive value of circulating oxidized LDL is additive to the Global Risk Assessment Score for cardiovascular risk prediction based on age, gender, total and HDL cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Circulating oxidized LDL does not originate from extensive metal ion-induced oxidation in the blood but from mild oxidation in the arterial wall by cell-associated lipoxygenase and/or myeloperoxidase. Oxidized LDL induces atherosclerosis by stimulating monocyte infiltration and smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. It contributes to atherothrombosis by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis, and thus plaque erosion, by impairing the anticoagulant balance in endothelium, stimulating tissue factor production by smooth muscle cells, and inducing apoptosis in macrophages. HDL cholesterol levels are inversely related to risk of coronary artery disease. HDL prevents atherosclerosis by reverting the stimulatory effect of oxidized LDL on monocyte infiltration. The HDL-associated enzyme paraoxonase inhibits the oxidation of LDL. PAF-acetyl hydrolase, which circulates in association with HDL and is produced in the arterial wall by macrophages, degrades bioactive oxidized phospholipids. Both enzymes actively protect hypercholesterolemic mice against atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL inhibits these enzymes. Thus, oxidized LDL and HDL are indeed antagonists in the development of cardiovascular disease.
A STE12 Homolog Is Required for Mating but Dispensable for Filamentation in Candida lusitaniae (2000)

Candida lusitaniae is a dimorphic yeast that is emerging as an opportunistic fungal pathogen. In contrast to Candida albicans, which is diploid and asexual, C. lusitaniae has been reported to have a sexual cycle. We have employed genetic approaches to demonstrate that C. lusitaniae is haploid and has a sexual cycle involving mating between MATa and MATalpha cells under nutrient deprivation conditions. By degenerate PCR, we identified a C. lusitaniae homolog (Cls12) of the Ste12 transcription factor that regulates mating, filamentation, and virulence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Comparison of the CLS12 DNA and protein sequences to other STE12 homologs and transformation experiments with selectable markers from S. cerevisiae (URA3, KanMX, HphMX) and C. albicans (CaURA3) provide evidence that the CUG codon encodes serine instead of leucine in C. lusitaniae, as is also the case in C. albicans. The C. lusitaniae CLS12 gene was disrupted by biolistic transformation and homologous recombination. C. lusitaniae cls12 mutant strains were sterile but had no defect in filamentous growth. Our findings reveal both conserved and divergent roles for the C. lusitaniae STE12 homolog in regulating differentiation of this emerging fungal pathogen.
Selective inhibition of MMP-14 inhibits tumor growth, invasion and angiogenesis (2008)

14022 Background: Improved selectivity towards specific MMPs is an attractive non-cytotoxic approach to cancer therapy. Very few selective MMP inhibitors have been developed that allow a pharmacological assessment of targeting specific MMPs. MMP-14 is a membrane-bound zinc-endopeptidase that drives the pericellular proteolysis that leads to tumor cell invasion. It does this directly by degrading extracellular matrix components and activating zymogens such as proMMP-2. Methods: To examine the contribution of this protease to tumor growth, we used DX-2400, a selective human MMP-14 antibody obtained by phage display. Results: This antibody displays potent anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and inhibits the proliferation and angiogenesis of human tumors in preclinical models, decreasing their metastatic spread. Conclusions: Our studies have pharmacologically validated the role of MMP-14 in tumor growth and demonstrate the potential of a selective MMP-14 inhibitor for the treatment of solid tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.