gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell proliferation and differentiation during fracture healing are influenced by locally applied IGF‐I and TGF‐β1: Comparison of two proliferation markers, PCNA and BrdU (2003)

Growth factors IGF-I and TGF-beta1 are known to stimulate fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of locally applied IGF-I and TGF-beta1 during the early phase of fracture healing (Days 5, 10, and 15 after fracture) on cellular processes like proliferation and differentiation in a rat model. Two different immunohistochemical markers were used to analyze cell proliferation: (1) injection of the thymidine analogue BrdU and subsequent immunohistochemical staining for BrdU-positive nuclei, and (2) the antibody against the "proliferating cell nuclear antigen" (PCNA). In comparison, both methods revealed similar results concerning the types of proliferating cells at the different time points and the two groups. Labeling indices of both methods showed very good correlation (e.g., r(s): 0.887 and p < 0.001 at day 10 in the control group without growth factors). Comparison of the callus morphology and the proliferation rate showed differences during fracture healing due to the local application of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 from coated implants. At Day 5 the callus of the group treated with growth factors displayed an earlier appearance of cartilage compared to the control group. This was accompanied by an onset of cell proliferation in chondrocytes. Likewise, at the later time points an enhanced maturation of the callus tissue and the proliferation pattern were detectable in the growth-factor group. These results indicate that local application of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 accelerates early cellular processes during fracture healing.
Molecular cloning and expression of chick embryo Galβ1,4GlcNAcα2,6‐sialyltransferase (1994)

DNA clones encoding beta-galactoside alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase have been isolated from chick embryonic cDNA libraries using sequence information obtained from the conserved amino acid sequence of the previously cloned enzymes. The cDNA sequence revealed an open-reading frame coding for 413 amino acids, and the deduced amino acid sequence showed 57.6% identity with the sequence of rat liver Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase. The primary structure of this enzyme suggested a putative domain structure, similar to structures found in other glycosyltransferases, consisting of a short N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a signal-membrane anchor domain, a proteolytically sensitive stem region and a large C-terminal active domain. The identity of this enzyme was confirmed by construction of a recombinant sialyltransferase in which the N-terminus part including the cytoplasmic tail, signal anchor domain and stem region was replaced with an immunoglobulin signal peptide sequence. The expression of this recombinant protein in COS-7 cells resulted in secretion of a catalytically active and soluble form of the enzyme into the medium. The expressed enzyme exhibited activity only towards the disaccharide moiety of Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc in glycoproteins.
Rickettsial permeability. An ADP-ATP transport system. (1976)

The obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium, Rickettsia prowazeki, has a carrier-mediated transport system for ADP and ATP. The transport of nucleotides was measured by membrane filtration assays; the assay was shown not to harm the relatively labile rickettsiae. The nucleotide transport system was shown to reside in the rickettsiae, not in the contaminating yolk sac mitochondria of the preparation. The influx of nucleotide had an activation energy of 12 to 13 kcal above 22 deg-rees (an apparent transition temperature), and 30 kcal below this value. The uptake of nucleotide was independent of the Mg2+ concentration, but was markedly stimulated by the phosphate concentration. The pH optimum of the influx of nucleotide was pH 7. The specificity of the transport system was remarkable in that it required a specific moiety in each portion of the nucleotide, i.e. an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two or three, but not one, phosphates. Of the wide variety of compounds tested, the system could transport only ADP, ATP, and (beta, gamma-methylene) adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The influx of nucleotide was a saturable process; half-maximum velocity was achieved at a nucleotide concentration of about 75 muM. ADP and ATP were competitive inhibitors of each other's transport. Although at least 95% of the labeled intracellular nucleotide was exchangeable, efflux of labeled nucleotide was observed only in the presence of unlabeled nucleotide in the medium. Half-maximum efflux was achieved at a concentration of about 75 muM. A large intracellular to extracellular concentration gradient of labeled nucleotide was maintained in the presence of metabolic inhibitors and uncouplers, which completely abolished rickettsial hemolysis. While having no effect on the steady state, KCN and DNP accelerated both influx and efflux. Measurements of the endogenous pool of adenine nucleotides in isolated rickettsiae show that is was large (5 mM), and that these unlabeled nucleotides exchanged, on approximately a 1/1 basis, with exogenously added nucleotide. These studies support the proposal that rickettsiae are not "leaky" to adenine nucleotides or to small molecules in general, and that they have a carrier-mediated transport system which allows an exchange of host and parasite ADP and ATP.
Role of Oxidative Stress in the Action of Vanadium Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors (1997)

The role of intracellular oxidative stress in the mechanism of action of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors was studied using three vanadium-based compounds. Sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4), sodium oxodiperoxo(1,10-phenanthroline)vanadate(V) (pV(phen), and bis(maltolato)-oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) differentially induced oxidative stress in lymphocytes. Treatment with pV(phen), which caused intracellular oxidation, induced strong protein tyrosine phosphorylation compared with Na3VO4 and BMOV. Syk family kinases and the mitogen-activated protein kinase erk2 were rapidly activated by pV(phen) but not by BMOV or Na3VO4. In contrast, both BMOV and pV(phen) strongly activated NF-kappaB. The antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) greatly diminished the intracellular oxidation and protein phosphotyrosine accumulation induced by pV(phen). Pretreatment of cells with PDTC reduced and delayed the activation of Syk kinases and erk2. However, NF-kappaB activation by pV(phen) was markedly enhanced in lymphocytes pretreated with PDTC, and another antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, did not prevent the activation of NF-kappaB by BMOV. These results indicate a role for oxidative stress in the biological effects of some PTP inhibitors, whereas NF-kappaB activation by PTP inhibitors is mediated by mechanisms independent of intracellular redox status.
Fundamental issues in wafer bonding (1999)

Semiconductor wafer bonding has increasingly become a technology of choice for materials integration in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and microelectromechanical systems. The present overview concentrates on some basic issues associated with wafer bonding such as the reactions at the bonding interface during hydrophobic and hydrophilic wafer bonding, as well as during ultrahigh vacuum bonding. Mechanisms of hydrogen-implantation induced layer splitting (“smart-cut” and “smarter-cut” approaches) are also considered. Finally, recent developments in the area of so-called “compliant universal substrates” based on twist wafer bonding are discussed.
Solid-Phase Syntheses of Peptoids using Fmoc-ProtectedN-Substituted Glycines: The Synthesis of (Retro)Peptoids of Leu-Enkephalin and Substance P (1998)

Solid-phase synthesis of oligomeric peptoids can be conveniently achieved by a repetitive cycle consisting of 1) the removal of the Fmoc group and 2) coupling of a N-substituted glycine derivative (a peptoid monomer). This “monomer” method allows the monitored synthesis of relatively large quantities of pure peptoids as well as the translation of in principle any peptide into the corresponding peptoid, illustrated here (below) by the solid-phase synthesis on a peptide synthesizer of the peptoid of substance P.
Role of CSF-1 in bone and bone marrow development (1997)

There is a close interaction between the processes involved in osteogenesis and hemopoiesis. In developing bone, the osteoclasts, cells of hemopoietic origin, resorb and invade the calcified cartilage rudiment. As a result, the primitive marrow cavity is formed and hemopoiesis initiates. Osteogenic cells-osteoblasts and osteocytes-control the development and activity of the osteoclasts through the local release of factors. One factor responsible for this osteoblast-osteoclast interaction is colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Studies performed on the osteopetrotic op/op mouse mutant have established that this factor is essential for proliferation and differentiation of the osteoclasts. Expression of CSF-1 receptors by mature osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors strongly suggests that CSF-1 action is exerted directly on cells of this lineage. In vivo, CSF-1 synthesis by osteoblasts is temporally and spatially related to sites of osteoclast development. Thus CSF-1 may represent one of the factors responsible for coupling hemopoiesis to osteogenesis. In vitro, osteoblasts express at least 4 transcripts encoding either a secreted or a membrane-bound form of CSF-1. At the protein level, osteoblasts in vitro synthesize the membrane-bound form and secrete the majority of CSF-1 as a proteoglycan, a small fraction of which is integrated into the matrix. These different molecular forms may locally restrict the biological action of this cytokine. Indeed, injection of recombinant human CSF-1 in op/ op mutants does not correct the osteoclast deficiency in the metaphyseal spongiosa of long bones, and sclerosis persists at this site. Similarly, the deficiency of some tissue macrophage populations in op/op mice is only partially or not at all corrected by injection of CSF-1. The expression of CSF-1 receptors by mature osteoclasts may imply that CSF-1 also influences their bone resorbing activity. Indeed, CSF-1 has been shown to induce osteoclast fusion, spreading, and survival. These findings suggest that CSF-1 is essential for the proliferation, differentiation, activity, and survival of tissue macrophages and osteoclasts, cells involved in tissue turnover. Furthermore, they corroborate the view that both osteoclasts and tissue macrophages stem from a CSF-1-dependent common precursor along the macrophage lineage.
Eight Hundred-Base Sequencing in a Microfabricated Electrophoretic Device (2000)

The human genome will be sequenced using capillary array electrophoresis technology. Although currently achieving only 550 base reads per run, capillary arrays have increased the efficiency and lowered the cost of sequencing by eliminating gel plate preparation, reducing sample volumes, and offering automation and speed. However, much higher throughput and greater cost reductions are needed. The next major advancement in sequencing technology is expected from the development of arrays of microfabricated channels in a plate or "chip" format. For de novo sequencing, the practical utility of the microdevice approach has been limited by device length to a read of 500-600 bases per run. We demonstrate a significant milestone for a microfabricated device by obtaining an average read length of 800 bases in 80 min (98% accuracy) for either M13 standards or DNA sequencing samples from the Whitehead Institute Center for Genomic Research (WICGR) production line. This result is achieved in 40-cm-long channels using a new class of large-scale microfabricated devices. Both microfabrication of extended structures and achievement of long reads are essential steps toward a 384-lane very-large-scale microfluidic (VLSMF) system for ultrahigh-throughput DNA sequencing analysis, currently under construction in our laboratory.
High‐pressure processing and preservation of food (1998)

Abstract High pressure alone or in combination with other technologies offers great potential for producing foods with natural characteristics. Pressure works independent of size and geometry of food resulting in even preservation. The preservative effect itself is influenced by a number of factors with different foods requiring different levels of pressure. Various microorganisms also vary in their response to high pressure and the effect depends on the physical state of the microorganism and the composition of the medium. Because enzymes have a high resistance to pressure, enzymatic and oxidative spoilage are the major limiting factors in shelf‐life extension of pressure‐processed foods. This paper briefly reviews the effects of high pressure on various foods, enzymes, and microorganisms; and discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of this technology.
Monoclonal antibodies : applications in clinical oncology (1991)

Since its discovery in 1975 the monoclonal antibody has become a powerful weapon in the clinical applications of molecular biology. Antibodies can be tailored to join the basis of novel diagnostic and therapeutic molecules in many fields of medicine, including cancer. This book examines the role of monoclonal antibodies in clinical oncology by covering new developments in the field. Its aim is to increase understanding of the applications and potential of monoclonals. This volume which is one of a pair of authoritative texts on the subject is written by an international group of leading experts in the fields of molecular biology, chemistry, physics, immunology, histopathology, nuclear medicine and clinical oncology - all disciplines that work with monoclonal antibodies. This book should be of interest to oncologists, radiologists and immunologists.
Depth-resolved holographic imaging through scattering media by photorefraction (1995)

A depth-resolved near-infrared imaging system has been demonstrated for recording three-dimensional images of objects embedded in diffuse media. Time-gated holographic imaging employing rhodium-doped barium titanate as the recording medium is used to acquire whole depth-resolved two-dimensional images in 1 s. Millimeter depth resolution has been achieved with a transverse resolution of ~ 30 microm.
Spectral, electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione complexes of transition metals (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectral, electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione complexes of transition metalsCharles A. Goss and Hector D. AbrunaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 25, 4263–4267Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00219a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00219a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3170Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early Function of Splinted Implants in Maxillas and Posterior Mandibles Using Brånemark System® Machined‐Surface Implants: An 18‐Month Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study (2003)

This study shows that early implant function rehabilitation in maxillas and posterior mandibles is viable using the present clinical protocol. The results are comparable with those of conventional two-stage protocols.
Lipoprotein(a): Medical Treatment Options for an Elusive Molecule (2011)

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) are causally related to premature atherosclerosis. It is therefore of interested to evaluate by which treatment modalities elevated lipoprotein(a) levels can be decreased. With the exception of niacin, currently available lipid modifying drugs have only little effect on lipoprotein(a) levels. Niacin can decrease lipoprotein(a) concentration in a dose dependent fashion by approximately 20-30%. Similarly, acetylsalicylic acid and L-carnitine as well as some medications in development (mipomersen, eprotirome, Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors, Cholesterol-ester-transfer protein (CETP inhibitors) can decrease elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations. It is unclear whether this lipoprotein(a) reduction also translates into a decreased cardio-vascular morbidity or mortality. Estrogen (with or without progesterone) and tibolone but not tamoxifene or raloxifene can also decrease elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations. The most dramatic change in lipoprotein(a) concentration can be achieved with regular lipid apheresis.
Sequence analysis of the large and small subunits of human ribonucleotide reductase (1992)

We have isolated and sequenced overlapping cDNA clones from a breast carcinoma cDNA library containing the entire coding region of both the R1 and R2 subunits of the human ribonucleotide reductase gene. The coding region of the human R1 subunit comprises 2376 nucleotides and predicts a polypeptide of 792 amino acids (calculated molecular mass 90,081). The sequence of this subunit is almost identical to the equivalent mouse ribonucleotide reductase subunit with 97.7% homology between the mouse and human R1 subunit amino acid sequences. The coding region of the human R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase comprises 1170 nucleotides and predicts a polypeptide of 389 amino acids (calculated molecular mass 44,883), which is one amino acid shorter than the equivalent mouse subunit. The human and mouse R2 subunits display considerable homology in their carboxy-terminal amino acid sequences, with 96.3% homology downstream of amino acid 68 of the human and mouse R2 proteins. However, the amino-terminal portions of these two proteins are more divergent in sequence, with only 69.2% homology in the first 68 amino acids.
Development of Elpasolite and Monoclinic Thermal Neutron Scintillators (2006)

Scintillation properties of Ce doped Cs/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/, Rb/sub 2/LiScBr/sub 6/, Rb/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/, Rb/sub 2/LiLaBr/sub 6/, Rb/sub 2/LiYI/sub 6/ elpasolite, and Li/sub 3/YBr/sub 6/ monoclinic inorganic thermal-neutron scintillator crystals were investigated. Light yields and decay times were studied. Cs/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/:Ce and Rb/sub 2/LiYBr/sub 6/:Ce show a high light yield of /spl ges/64,000 photons per thermal neutron. More details will be presented and advantages and disadvantages of these new scintillator materials will be discussed.
LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects (2014)

LSD administered in a medically supervised psychotherapeutic setting can be safe and generate lasting benefits in patients with a life-threatening disease. Explanatory models for the therapeutic effects of LSD warrant further study.
Fabrication of FeF3 Nanoflowers on CNT Branches and Their Application to High Power Lithium Rechargeable Batteries (2010)

Nanoarchitectures composed of FeF3 nanoflowers on carbon nanotube (CNT) branches (FNCB, see figure) are fabricated by functionalization of CNT surfaces with FeF3. FNCB’s improved Li-ion and electron transport makes it a candidate for applications in cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Precise gene fusion by PCR (1989)

Journal Article Precise gene fusion by PCR Get access Jeff Yon, Jeff Yon Eukaryotic Genome Organisation and Expression Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn FieldsLondon WC2A 3PX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mike Fried Mike Fried Eukaryotic Genome Organisation and Expression Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn FieldsLondon WC2A 3PX, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 12, 26 June 1989, Page 4895, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.12.4895 Published: 26 June 1989 Article history Received: 15 May 1989 Published: 26 June 1989
Simple and convenient method for preparing functionalised network organopolysilanes (1991)

A new type of organosilicon polymer, network organopolysilanes bearing methoxy functional groups on the polysilane framework, has been produced via the catalytic redistribution polymerisation of methoxydisilanes which were prepared using the ‘pot-residue’ disilane fraction in direct synthesis.
Complement Factor H Polymorphism in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2005)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in the elderly. We report a genome-wide screen of 96 cases and 50 controls for polymorphisms associated with AMD. Among 116,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped, an intronic and common variant in the complement factor H gene (CFH) is strongly associated with AMD (nominal P value <10(-7)). In individuals homozygous for the risk allele, the likelihood of AMD is increased by a factor of 7.4 (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 19). Resequencing revealed a polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with the risk allele representing a tyrosine-histidine change at amino acid 402. This polymorphism is in a region of CFH that binds heparin and C-reactive protein. The CFH gene is located on chromosome 1 in a region repeatedly linked to AMD in family-based studies.
Treatment of Allograft Recipients with Donor-Specific Transfusion and Anti-CD154 Antibody Leads to Deletion of Alloreactive CD8+ T Cells and Prolonged Graft Survival in a CTLA4-Dependent Manner (2000)

A two-element protocol consisting of one donor-specific transfusion (DST) plus a brief course of anti-CD154 mAb greatly prolongs the survival of murine islet, skin, and cardiac allografts. To study the mechanism of allograft survival, we determined the fate of tracer populations of alloreactive transgenic CD8+ T cells in a normal microenvironment. We observed that DST plus anti-CD154 mAb prolonged allograft survival and deleted alloreactive transgenic CD8+ T cells. Neither component alone did so. Skin allograft survival was also prolonged in normal recipients treated with anti-CD154 mAb plus a depleting anti-CD8 mAb and in C57BL/6-CD8 knockout mice treated with anti-CD154 mAb monotherapy. We conclude that, in the presence of anti-CD154 mAb, DST leads to an allotolerant state, in part by deleting alloreactive CD8+ T cells. Consistent with this conclusion, blockade of CTLA4, which is known to abrogate the effects of DST and anti-CD154 mAb, prevented the deletion of alloreactive transgenic CD8+ T cells. These results document for the first time that peripheral deletion of alloantigen-specific CD8+ T cells is an important mechanism through which allograft survival can be prolonged by costimulatory blockade. We propose a unifying mechanism to explain allograft prolongation by DST and blockade of costimulation.