gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Procalcitonin for diagnosis of infection and guide to antibiotic decisions: past, present and future (2011)

There are a number of limitations to using conventional diagnostic markers for patients with clinical suspicion of infection. As a consequence, unnecessary and prolonged exposure to antimicrobial agents adversely affect patient outcomes, while inappropriate antibiotic therapy increases antibiotic resistance. A growing body of evidence supports the use of procalcitonin (PCT) to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. For patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infection, post-operative infections and for severe sepsis patients in the intensive care unit, randomized-controlled trials have shown a benefit of using PCT algorithms to guide decisions about initiation and/or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy. For some other types of infections, observational studies have shown promising first results, but further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine can be recommended. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence for PCT in different infections and clinical settings, and discuss the reliability of this marker when used with validated diagnostic algorithms.
Adsorption of alcohols on titanium dioxide (rutile) surface (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of alcohols on titanium dioxide (rutile) surfaceYasuharu Suda, Tetsuo Morimoto, and Mahiko NagaoCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 1, 99–104Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00073a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00073a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views775Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decrypting the role of Cripto in tumorigenesis (2003)

The cell-surface associated molecule Cripto is overexpressed in a wide range of epithelial cancers, yet little is known about potential mechanisms by which Cripto expression might enhance tumorigenesis. A new study reveals that binding of Cripto to the TGF-beta ligand Activin B can block Activin B-mediated suppression of cell proliferation. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that antibody blockade of Cripto function may prove useful in the inhibition of tumorigenesis.
Free Flow Electrophoresis Separation of Proteins and DNA Using Microfluidics and Polycarbonate Membranes (2016)

Microfluidic free flow electrophoresis (FFE) enables several advantages directly related to size reduction, however at the cost of difficult fabrication strategies that compromise either the device's efficiency or shelf-time. We circumvent these limitations by integrating polycarbonate sheets as ionic permeable membranes to separate electrolyte and separation chamber compartments. The membrane effectively blocks hydrodynamic flow while no additional electrical resistance between fluidic compartments could be measured. We performed isoelectric focusing (IEF) experiments to separate a series of proteins with different pI values in the 3.5-9.3 range. We also demonstrate the separation of DNA according to its size in zone electrophoresis (ZE) mode.
StereoSnakes: Contour Based Consistent Object Extraction for Stereo Images (2015)

Consistent object extraction plays an essential role for stereo image editing with the population of stereoscopic 3D media. Most previous methods perform segmentation on entire images for both views using dense stereo correspondence constraints. We find that for such kind of methods the computation is highly redundant since the two views are near-duplicate. Besides, the consistency may be violated due to the imperfectness of current stereo matching algorithms. In this paper, we propose a contour based method which searches for consistent object contours instead of regions. It integrates both stereo correspondence and object boundary constraints into an energy minimization framework. The proposed method has several advantages compared to previous works. First, the searching space is restricted in object boundaries thus the efficiency significantly improved. Second, the discriminative power of object contours results in a more consistent segmentation. Furthermore, the proposed method can effortlessly extend existing single-image segmentation methods to work in stereo scenarios. The experiment on the Adobe benchmark shows superior extraction accuracy and significant improvement of efficiency of our method to state-of-the-art. We also demonstrate in a few applications how our method can be used as a basic tool for stereo image editing.
Rapid Cloning of Novel Rhesus Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors (2018)

Human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are being developed to circumvent preexisting antibodies against common adenovirus vectors such as Ad5. However, baseline immunity to these vectors still exists in human populations. Traditional cloning of new adenovirus vaccine vectors is a long and cumbersome process that takes 2 months or more and that requires rare unique restriction enzyme sites. Here we describe a novel, restriction enzyme-independent method for rapid cloning of new adenovirus vaccine vectors that reduces the total cloning procedure to 1 week. We developed 14 novel adenovirus vectors from rhesus monkeys that can be grown to high titers and that are immunogenic in mice. All vectors grouped with the unusual adenovirus species G and show extremely low seroprevalence in humans. Rapid cloning of novel adenovirus vectors is a promising approach for the development of new vector platforms. Rhesus adenovirus vectors may prove useful for clinical development.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> To overcome baseline immunity to human and chimpanzee adenovirus vectors, we developed 14 novel adenovirus vectors from rhesus monkeys. These vectors are immunogenic in mice and show extremely low seroprevalence in humans. Rhesus adenovirus vectors may prove useful for clinical development.
Revival of interband crystalline reflectance from nanocrystallites in porous silicon by immersion plating (1999)

We prepared porous silicon for which the UV reflectance (3.3–6 eV) is nearly eliminated, and exhibits no features at the Si interband bulk transitions 3.3, 4.3, and 5.5 eV. Plating with a thin layer of copper is found to cause recovery of the UV bulk-like crystalline reflectance and interband resonances. This provides evidence that the loss of crystalline absorption is reversible and is not due to a permanent loss in the crystalline structure. This may relate to a recent model in which the optical activity of ultra small nanocrystallites is produced by a new Si–Si crystalline configuration (or phase), distinct from but interconnected to the diamond-like configuration by a potential barrier.
Histological and histochemical observations on the intramucosal neurons in human small intestine (1993)

It is generally agreed that there are no neurons within the mucosa of gastrointestinal tract and that the mucosal plexus is composed of nerve febers. By using the routine histological method and histochemistry of NADH-diaphorase, It is found single neurons, and occasionally, ganglions in groups of 2-5 nerve cells in the mucosa of the small intestine. Their bodies varied in size and shape. In addition to the spindle-, oval-, and irregular-shaped neurons, flat-shaped ones were also seen. Intramucosal neurons were mostly located in lamina propria, mainly adjacent to muscularis mucosa. They also existed in muscularis mucosa. We consider intramucosal neurons to be a part of mucosal plexus of the enteric nervous systen.
Identification of a Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein as a Falciparum Malaria Sequestration Receptor (1989)

Infections with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are characterized by sequestration of erythrocytes infected with mature forms of the parasite. Sequestration of infected erythrocytes appears to be critical for survival of the parasite and to mediate immunopathological abnormalities in severe malaria. A leukocyte differentiation antigen (CD36) was previously suggested to have a role in sequestration of malaria-infected erythrocytes. CD36 was purified from platelets, where it is known as GPIV, and was shown to be a receptor for binding of infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes adhered to CD36 immobilized on plastic; purified CD36 exhibited saturable, specific binding to infected erythrocytes; and purified CD36 or antibodies to CD36 inhibited and reversed binding of infected erythrocytes to cultured endothelial cells and melanoma cells in vitro. The portion of the CD36 molecule that reverses cytoadherence may be useful therapeutically for rapid reversal of sequestration in cerebral malaria.
Two Gene Fragments that Direct Podocyte-Specific Expression in Transgenic Mice (2002)

Transgenic manipulation of the glomerular visceral epithelial cell offers a powerful approach for studying the biology of this morphologically complex cell type. It has been previously demonstrated that an 8.3-kb and a 5.4-kb fragment of the murine Nphs1 (nephrin) promoter-enhancer drives lacZ expression in podocytes, brain, and pancreas of transgenic mice, recapitulating the expression pattern of the endogenous nephrin gene. In this present study, two truly podocyte-specific promoters were identified that drive transgene expression in podocytes without expression in extrarenal tissues in adult or embryonic mice. A 1.25-kb fragment driving a lacZ reporter gene (p1.25N-nlacF) was derived from murine Nphs1 promoter similar to a human NPHS1 promoter fragment previously reported. Transgenic mice were generated and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) expression was analyzed. Four of twelve founder mice were found to express beta-gal in podocytes (33% penetrance). Expression in brain and pancreas was absent in all animals, suggesting that nephrin expression in these organs might be driven by distinct cis-regulatory elements that can be removed to obtain podocyte-specific expression. A 2.5-kb fragment derived from the human NPHS2 (podocin) gene was designed in a similar fashion to drive lacZ expression in transgenic mice (p2.5P-nlacF). Twelve of twlve NPHS2 mouse founder lines expressed beta-gal exclusively in podocytes (100% penetrance). Beta-gal activity was not observed extrinsic to the kidney in p1.25N-nlacF or p2.5P-nlacF mouse embryos at gestational time points between 8.5 d post coitus and birth. In conclusion, the 2.5-kb NPHS2 promoter fragment may be useful for podocyte-specific transgenic expression when extrarenal expression of a transgene is problematic.
Preparation of High-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors (1988)

A sharp resistive superconducting transition above 100 K has been achieved for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors. The resistance at 100 K was estimated to be less than 10 -6 Ω cm in a zero magnetic field.
Guyana (2005)

First settled by the Dutch West Indian Company about 1620, the territory was captured by Britain to whom it was ceded in 1814 and named British Guiana. To work the sugar plantations African slaves were transported to Guyana in the 18th century and East Indian and Chinese indentured labourers in the 19th century. From 1950 the anti-colonial struggle was spearheaded by the People's Progressive Party (PPP) led by Cheddi Jagan and Forbes Burnham. By the time internal autonomy was granted in 961 Burnham had split with Jagan to form the more moderate People's National Congress (PNC). Guyana became an independent member of the Commonwealth in 1966 with Burnham as the first prime minister, later president. By the 1980s, desperate economic straits had forced Guyana to seek outside help which came on condition of restoring free elections. Dr Jagan returned to power in 1992. Following his death in March 1997 his wife, Janet Jagan, was sworn in as President.
d-Orbital effects in silicon substituted π-electron systems. Part XII. Some spectroscopic properties of alkyl and silyl acetylenes and polyacetylenes (1968)

Vertical ionization energies, characteristic vibrational frequencies, 1H n.m.r. signals, and electronic transitions are reported for acetylenes X·[CC]n·X (n= 1, 2, 3; X = H, CMe3, CH2·SiMe3, SiMe3). Comparison with the corresponding data of ethylene and butadiene derivatives indicates stronger electron back-donation to silicone Si â†� Cπ which is interpreted as being due to interactions with both of the perpendicular acetylene π-components. The inductive polarization +l(SiR3) > +/(CR3) can be estimated from the substituent effect of CH2·SiR3 groups.
Pathology tissue–chromatin immunoprecipitation, coupled with high-throughput sequencing, allows the epigenetic profiling of patient samples (2010)

Epigenetic alterations in the pattern of DNA and histone modifications play a crucial role in cancer development. Analysis of patient samples, however, is hampered by technical limitations in the study of chromatin structure from pathology archives that usually consist of heavily fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Here, we present a methodology [pathology tissue-ChIP (PAT-ChIP)] to extract and immunoprecipitate chromatin from paraffin-embedded patient samples up to several years old. In a pairwise comparison with canonical ChIP, PAT-ChIP showed a high reproducibility of results for several histone marks and an identical ability to detect dynamic changes in chromatin structure upon pharmacological treatment. Finally, we showed that PAT-ChIP can be coupled with high-throughput sequencing (PAT-ChIP-Seq) for the genome-wide analysis of distinct chromatin modifications. PAT-ChIP therefore represents a versatile procedure and diagnostic tool for the analysis of epigenetic alterations in cancer and potentially other diseases.
Barcoding bias in high-throughput multiplex sequencing of miRNA (2011)

Second-generation sequencing is gradually becoming the method of choice for miRNA detection and expression profiling. Given the relatively small number of miRNAs and improvements in DNA sequencing technology, studying miRNA expression profiles of multiple samples in a single flow cell lane becomes feasible. Multiplexing strategies require marking each miRNA library with a DNA barcode. Here we report that barcodes introduced through adapter ligation confer significant bias on miRNA expression profiles. This bias is much higher than the expected Poisson noise and masks significant expression differences between miRNA libraries. This bias can be eliminated by adding barcodes during PCR amplification of libraries. The accuracy of miRNA expression measurement in multiplexed experiments becomes a function of sample number.
Mouse cytochrome P3-450: complete cDNA and amino acid sequence (1984)

A full-length cDNA clone (1,894 nucleotides) of mouse cytochrome P3-450 was isolated with the Okayama-Berg vector and sequenced. An open reading frame spanned positions 61 to 1602. The first 25, and three of the last five, amino acids of P3-450 are identical to those found in the amino- and carboxy-terminus, respectively, of the rat P-450d protein. Mouse P3-450 protein has 513 residues, and a molecular weight of 58,223 with six cysteine residues. P3-450 nucleotides 305 to 352 exhibit 74% homology, and nucleotides 1068 to 1260, 69% homology, with portions of rat P-450b exons 2 and 7, respectively. P3-450 shows 62% homology in the so-called "highly conserved region" of 39 nucleotides in the rat P-450b and P-450e and the mouse P-450b. These results indicate that P3-450, P-450b and P-450e arose from a common ancestral gene. Cysteinyl peptide-coding regions were examined: P3-450 nucleotides 1405 to 1464 exhibit 61% homology, and nucleotides 502 to 552 exhibit 37% homology, when compared with their corresponding regions in the rat P-450b gene. These data support the likelihood that cysteine 456 is the thiolate ligand to the heme iron in the P3-450 enzyme active-site.
[Diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax]. (1999)

The causes of spontaneous pneumothorax, methods of its diagnosis are adduced. The results of treatment improvement was promoted by introduction of the proposed algorithm of patient's examination.
Activation of p42 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in Hippocampal Long Term Potentiation (1996)

Although classically studied as regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly expressed in post-mitotic neurons of the adult nervous system. We have begun investigating the potential role of MAPKs in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in mature neurons. In particular, we have studied the regulation of two MAPK isoforms, p44 and p42 MAPK, in hippocampal long term potentiation (LTP), a system widely studied as a model for the cellular basis of learning and memory. We have found that p42 MAPK, but not p44 MAPK, is activated in area CA1 following direct stimulation of two required components of the LTP induction cascades: protein kinase C and the N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that p42 MAPK, but not p44 MAPK, is activated in area CA1 in response to LTP-inducing high frequency stimulation and that this activation requires NMDA receptor stimulation. These data demonstrate that p42 MAPK can be regulated in an activity-dependent manner in the hippocampus and identify it as a potential component of the LTP induction cascades in area CA1. Such observations suggest that p42 MAPK might be an important regulator of synaptic plasticity in post-mitotic neurons.
Detection of Platelet Adhesion/Aggregation to Immobilized Ligands on Microbeads by an Aggregometer (1996)

Summary Platelet aggregation is believed to follow platelet adhesion to vascular injury sites. We have developed a turbidimetric assay for platelet aggregation following platelet adhesion to immobilized ligands using an aggregometer. The addition of polystyrene beads coated with von Willebrand factor (vWF) or fibrinogen (Fg) to platelet suspensions caused prompt aggregation of beads and platelets, which was detected as an increase in light transmission. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that platelets adhered to the bead surfaces and that additional platelets adhered to already adhering platelets, leading to the formation of platelet aggregates. vWF-coated beads induced larger aggregates than Fg-coated beads. The interaction of vWF-coated beads with platelets was abolished by both GPIb and GPIIb-IIIa blockers, while that of Fg-coated beads was abolished by GPIIb-IIIa blockers. vWF-coated beads induced modest secretion of granules from platelets but no thromboxane B2 synthesis. Fg-coated beads induced neither reaction. However, pleckstrin phosphorylation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation was induced by both types of bead. Platelet aggregation following platelet adhesion to both types of bead was inhibited by ADP scavengers, a protein kinase C inhibitor and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but not by aspirin. These findings suggest that vWF- and Fg-coated beads can induce platelet aggregation following platelet adhesion through specific ligand-receptor interactions and intracellular signaling. Our simple assay using these beads may represent a useful test for immobilized ligand-induced platelet adhesion and aggregation.
Functional properties and effect on growth suppression of human neuroblastoma tumors by isotype switch variants of monoclonal antiganglioside GD2 antibody 14.18. (1989)

A complete family of IgG isotype switch variant hybridomas was generated from the anti-GD2 monoclonal IgG3-producing hybridoma, 14.18, with the aid of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) produced by respective isotype switch variant hybridomas 14G1, 14G2b, or 14G2a, have binding activities for the biochemically defined GD2 antigen and GD2-expressing neuroblastoma target cell lines identical to that of IgG3 Mabs produced by the 14.18 parent cell line. This permitted us to examine the relative in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic capacities of each of the anti-GD2 antibodies for GD2-expressing neuroblastoma cells independent of antibody binding affinity or specificity. Mabs produced by 14.18, 14G2a, or 14G2b, but not 14G1, can direct efficient complement-dependent cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma tumor cells in the presence of human complement. Mabs produced by the parent 14.18 or by 14G2a are more efficient in directing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than Mabs produced by 14G2b, and Mabs of 14G1 are inactive. However, despite these noted in vitro differences, antibodies produced by each member of this switch variant family suppress the growth of human neuroblastoma tumor cells in BALB/c athymic nu/nu mice. These studies suggest that a mechanism(s) other than Fc-directed complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity may account for the in vivo antitumor effects of these particular antibodies.
Studies on the reaction of 2‐aminoacetophenone with thiophosgene (1991)

Abstract The reaction of 3‐ and 4‐aminoacetophenone with thiophosgene in a chloroform‐water‐calcium carbonate mixture at room temperature results in good yields of the related, known isothiocyanates. At first, however, we failed in all our attempts to produce 2‐isothiocyanatoacetophenones with this reaction. Closer inspection of the reaction showed, that the product distribution depends upon the concentration of hydrogen ions pro‐ducted and on the reaction time. When the reaction was followed with thin‐layer chromatography, it was observed that the isothiocyanates formed first. In the further course of the reaction, they were converted to the 4‐methylene‐2‐oxo‐3,1‐benzothiazines by the action of protons. The final products of the reaction were the 4‐(3,1‐benzothiazin‐4‐yl)‐methylene‐3,1‐benzothiazines, formed from the monomer in a dimerization process. Depending upon the time the protons were removed from the reaction mixture, different products could be isolated.