gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspective on the Genetics and Diagnosis of Congenital Hyperinsulinism Disorders (2016)

Genetic mutation testing has become standard of care for infants with HI and has proven to be useful not only in projecting prognosis and family counseling, but also in diagnosing infants with surgically curable focal HI lesions. (18)F-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine ((18)F-DOPA) PET scans have been found to be highly accurate for localizing such focal lesions preoperatively. New drugs under investigation provide hope for improving the outcomes of children with HI.
Remote mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy with a quantum cascade laser (2015)

We demonstrate non-contact remote photoacoustic spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region. A room-temperature-operated pulsed external-cavity quantum cascade laser is used to excite photoacoustic waves within a semitransparent sample. The ultrasonic waves are detected remotely on the opposite side of the sample using a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer, thereby avoiding problems associated with acoustic attenuation in air. We present the theoretical background of the proposed technique and demonstrate measurements on a thin polystyrene film. The obtained absorption spectrum in the region of 1030-1230 cm(-1) is compared to a spectrum obtained by attenuated total reflection, showing reasonable agreement.
Pathogenic Role of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) in Osteolytic Metastasis of Breast Cancer (2006)

CCN2 was critically involved in osteolytic metastasis and was induced by PKA- and PKC-dependent activation of ERK1/2 signaling by PTHrP. Thus, CCN2 may be a new molecular target for anti-osteolytic therapy to shut off the PTHrP-CCN2 signaling pathway.
Staphylococcal Exotoxins and Nasal Polyposis: Analysis of Systemic and Local Responses (2005)

These results provide evidence for a local SAg effect in 7/12 (58.3%) polyp patients and establish a positive correlation of V-beta expansion with the presence of corresponding toxin-specific IgE in the serum.
Efficient particle filter-based tracking of multiple interacting targets using an mrf-based motion model (2004)

We describe a multiple hypothesis particle filter for tracking targets that are influenced by the proximity and/or behavior of other targets. Our contribution is to show how a Markov random field motion prior, built on the fly at each time step, can model these interactions to enable more accurate tracking. We present results for a social insect tracking application, where we model the domain knowledge that two targets cannot occupy the same space, and targets actively avoid collisions. We show that using this model improves track quality and efficiency. Unfortunately, the joint particle tracker we propose suffers from exponential complexity in the number of tracked targets. An approximation to the joint filter, however, consisting of multiple nearly independent particle filters can provide similar track quality at substantially lower computational cost.
Amino-sugar Transport Systems of Escherichia coli K12 (1980)

Glucosamine, mannose and 2-deoxyglucose enter Escherichia coli by the phosphotransferase system coded for by the gene ptsM. The glucosamine- and mannose-negative, deoxyglucose-resistant phenotype of ptsM mutants can be suppressed by a mutation mapping near ptsG that allows constitutive expression of the glucose phosphotransferase coded for by the gene ptsG. N-Acetylglucosamine enters E. coli by two distinct phosphotransferase systems (White, 1970). One of these is the PtsM system, the other is coded for by a gene which maps near the nagA,B genes at about min 15 on the E. coli chromosome. We propose that this gene be designated ptsN. Strains with either of these components of the phosphotransferase system will utilize N-acetylglucosamine as sole carbon source.
Prefrontal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Involves Mixed-Lineage Leukemia 1-Regulated Histone Methylation at GABAergic Gene Promoters (2007)

Alterations in GABAergic mRNA expression play a key role for prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disease. Here, we show that histone H3-lysine 4 methylation, a chromatin mark associated with the transcriptional process, progressively increased at GAD1 and other GABAergic gene promoters (GAD2, NPY, SST) in human prefrontal cortex (PFC) from prenatal to peripubertal ages and throughout adulthood. Alterations in schizophrenia included decreased GAD1 expression and H3K4-trimethylation, predominantly in females and in conjunction with a risk haplotype at the 5' end of GAD1. Heterozygosity for a truncated, lacZ knock-in allele of mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (Mll1), a histone methyltransferase expressed in GABAergic and other cortical neurons, resulted in decreased H3K4 methylation at GABAergic gene promoters. In contrast, Gad1 H3K4 (tri)methylation and Mll1 occupancy was increased in cerebral cortex of mice after treatment with the atypical antipsychotic, clozapine. These effects were not mimicked by haloperidol or genetic ablation of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, suggesting that blockade of D2-like signaling is not sufficient for clozapine-induced histone methylation. Therefore, chromatin remodeling mechanisms at GABAergic gene promoters, including MLL1-mediated histone methylation, operate throughout an extended period of normal human PFC development and play a role in the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
The mitochondrial death pathway: a promising therapeutic target in diseases (2009)

The mitochondrial pathway to apoptosis is a major pathway of physiological cell death in vertebrates. The mitochondrial cell death pathway commences when apoptogenic molecules present between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes are released into the cytosol by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). BCL-2 family members are the sentinels of MOMP in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; the pro-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 proteins, BCL-2 associated x protein and BCL-2 antagonist killer 1 induce MOMP whereas the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins, BCL-2, BCL-x(l) and myeloid cell leukaemia 1 prevent MOMP from occurring. The release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c from mitochondria leads to formation of a multimeric complex known as the apoptosome and initiates caspase activation cascades. These pathways are important for normal cellular homeostasis and play key roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the mitochondrial death pathway and focus on a selection of diseases whose pathogenesis involves the mitochondrial death pathway and we will examine the various pharmacological approaches that target this pathway.
Electroless Plating of Ultrathin Films and Mirrors of Platinum Nanoparticles onto Polymers, Metals, and Ceramics (2010)

An organoplatinum precursor enables electroless deposition of platinum coatings, films, and mirrors on natural materials, synthetic polymers, metals, and ceramics by simply heating the precursor solution to temperatures of 80 °C or above. The films are comprised of densely packed platinum nanoparticles of 1−5 nm in size; they are flexible and electrically conducting and have pore sizes in the nanometer range.
EFFECT OF α‐TOCOPHEROL FORMULATIONS ON THE INHIBITION OF NITROSOPYRROLIDINE FORMATION IN MODEL SYSTEMS (1978)

ABSTRACT The effect of novel water dispersible α‐tocopherol mixtures on the nitrosation of pyrrolidine was determined in an oil‐aqueous‐protein model system consisting of oil, water, protein, sodium chloride and sodium tripolyphosphate. α‐Tocopherol dissolved in Polysorbate 20 in ratios of 1:6, 1:1, 1:0.4 and 1:0.2 inhibited nitrosopyrrolidine formation. 500 mg/L of α‐tocopherol was found to be the most effective level.
Transcriptome analysis in primary neural stem cells using a tag cDNA amplification method (2005)

We demonstrate a low technical amplification variability using the employed amplification strategy and conclude that neurospheres from the same isolation and passage are sufficiently similar to be used for comparative gene expression analysis.
A Distributed Coverage- and Connectivity-Centric Technique for Selecting Active Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Due to their low cost and small form factors, a large number of sensor nodes can be deployed in redundant fashion in dense sensor networks. The availability of redundant nodes increases network lifetime as well as network fault tolerance. It is, however, undesirable to keep all the sensor nodes active at all times for sensing and communication. An excessive number of active nodes lead to higher energy consumption and it places more demand on the limited network bandwidth. We present an efficient technique for the selection of active sensor nodes in dense sensor networks. The active node selection procedure is aimed at providing the highest possible coverage of the sensor field, i.e., the surveillance area. It also assures network connectivity for routing and information dissemination. We first show that the coverage-centric active nodes selection problem is NP-complete. We then present a distributed approach based on the concept of a connected dominating set (CDS). We prove that the set of active nodes selected by our approach provides full coverage and connectivity. We also describe an optimal coverage-centric centralized approach based on integer linear programming. We present simulation results obtained using an ns2 implementation of the proposed technique.
Changes of Biochemical and Biomechanical Properties in Dupuytren Disease (2000)

In light of these results, we suggest that structural changes, such as reduced collagen fibril diameters, associated with alterations in the type III collagen proportion may influence biophysical properties of connective tissues in the involved palmar aponeurosis in addition to alterations of the cross-linking pattern.
Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection (1994)

Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon is reviewed. Alpha-interferon, both recombinant alpha-2a, -2b and human lymphoblastoid interferon given at a dose of > or = 3MU t.i.w. for 6-12 months will result in normalisation of ALT levels (complete response) in some 50-60% of treated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Approximately half of the complete responders to interferon will relapse within 6 months once treatment is withdrawn (non-sustained response). Longer treatment schedules (6 vs. 12 months) seem to diminish the relapse rate and increase the percentage of sustained response. In patients with sustained response to interferon treatment with continuously normal ALT levels > or = 6 months after treatment stop a concomitant eradication of the viraemia is usually seen, whereas a non-sustained or non-response to interferon usually will indicate a continuous viraemia. Factors predictive of a favourable response are low pretreatment HCV RNA levels in serum, genotypes other than type II according to Okamoto, short disease duration, female gender and less pronounced liver damage, whereas high serum HCV RNA levels, having genotype II and cirrhosis, are predictive of a less favourable response. Patients with a sustained response and eradication of the viraemia will also improve their liver inflammation with diminishing scores for portal inflammation, piecemeal necrosis, lobular inflammation and also fibrosis after treatment. For non-responders and non-sustained responders to interferon, ribavirin especially in combination with interferon will offer some hope for the future.
Electromigration characteristics of copper interconnects (1993)

The electromigration characteristics of electroless plated copper interconnects have been investigated under DC and time-varying current stressing. A scheme for selected electroless Cu plating by using 150-AA Co as the seeding layer is reported. The Cu DC and pulse-DC lifetimes are found to be one and two orders of magnitude longer than that of Al-4% Cu/TiW and Al-2% Si interconnects at 275 degrees C, and the extracted Cu lifetime at 75 degrees C is about three and five orders of magnitude longer than that of Al-4% Cu/TiW and Al-2% Si, respectively. As previously reported for Al metallization, the Cu bipolar lifetimes were found to be orders of magnitude longer than their DC lifetimes under the same peak stressing current density because of the partial recovery of electromigration damage during the opposing phases of bipolar stressing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Severity scoring of atopic dermatitis: a comparison of three scoring systems (1997)

In studies on atopic dermatitis (AD), different scoring systems are used to evaluate the severity of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate agreement between observers in the assessment of the overall severity of AD, and interobserver variation in the assessment of severity of AD for each scoring item separately, using the Simple Scoring System (SSS), the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and the Basic Clinical Scoring System (BCSS), and, furthermore, to investigate agreement between these three scoring systems in the assessment of the overall severity of AD. Eighty-two patients (42 male) with AD, mean age 13.4 years (range 0.2-67.0), were included. Agreement between observers in assessing the overall AD severity scores, and interobserver variation in assessing AD severity of each scoring item separately were determined in 34 of these 82 patients by two physicians scoring the severity of AD by the three scoring systems. To determine agreement between the scoring systems, one physician scored the severity of AD in all patients with the three scoring systems. Agreement between observers and agreement between the three scoring systems was calculated by Cohen's kappa (kappa) and by the measure of agreement according to Bland & Altman. kappa > 0.4 represents fair agreement; kappa > 0.75 excellent agreement. In addition, interobserver variation for each scoring item separately was calculated by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The mean differences (d) and the limits of agreement (d +/- 2 SD of the differences) between observers by the SSS and the SCORAD were -0.82 +/- 5.58 and -0.28 +/- 7.49, respectively, kappa between observers for the BCSS was 0.90 (95% CI 0.79-1.03). By the SSS, significant interobserver variation was found in assessing the severity of excoriations (P = 0.02) and scales (P = 0.02). By the SCORAD, significant interobserver variation was found in assessing the severity of edema/population (P = 0.04), erythema (P = 0.04), and excoriations (P = 0.01). No significant interobserver variation was found in assessing the extent of AD. The mean difference and the limits of agreement between the SSS and the SCORAD were -4.17 +/- 9.52. kappa between the SSS and the BCSS was 0.21 (95% CI 0.09-0.33), and kappa between the SCORAD and the BCSS was 0.38 (95% CI 0.26-0.51). We found good agreement between observers assessing the overall severity of AD in the lower and higher scoring rates by the SSS and the SCORAD, and excellent agreement by the BCSS. Significant interobserver variation was found on the isolated intensity items scales, excoriations, edema/population, and erythema. We found poor agreement between the three scoring systems in assessing the overall severity of AD, indicating that the SSS, the SCORAD, and the BCSS cannot be used interchangeably to assess the overall severity of AD.
Derivation, growth and applications of human embryonic stem cells (2004)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass cells of blastocysts with the potential to maintain an undifferentiated state indefinitely. Fully characterised hES cell lines express typical stem cell markers, possess high levels of telomerase activity, show normal karyotype and have the potential to differentiate into numerous cell types under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Therefore, hES cells are potentially valuable for the development of cell transplantation therapies for the treatment of various human diseases. However, there are a number of factors which may limit the medical application of hES cells: (a) continuous culture of hES cells in an undifferentiated state requires the presence of feeder layers and animal-based ingredients which incurs a risk of cross-transfer of pathogens; (b) hES cells demonstrate high genomic instability and non-predictable differentiation after long-term growth; and (c) differentiated hES cells express molecules which could cause immune rejection. In this review we summarise recent progress in the derivation and growth of undifferentiated hES cells and their differentiated progeny, and the problems associated with these techniques. We also examine the potential use of the therapeutic cloning technique to derive isogenic hES cells.
Matching Product Development and Asian Tastes to Improve Product Success (1998)

SummaryAn earlier article in r&D Enterprise-Asia Pacific (Suwannaporn and Speece, vol 1 no 2–3) suggested that food manufacturers in Thailand sometimes adapt products launched in the Thai markets when the would-be exporter vacates the market. Suwannaporn and Speece note that local manufacturers sometimes successfully adapt the ‘failed’ product to local tastes and other preferences. Such failures are expensive for manufacturers, particularly in the food industry where the costs of launching a new product may be considerable. This article suggests that exportoriented food product developers may substantially improve their chances of success by conducting sensory research in the target market. The article is also relevant to product developers in other industries who aim to launch products into new markets in Asia.
Influence of nitrogen pre-implantation on deuterium retention in tungsten (2014)

The influence of nitrogen (N) pre-implantation on the deuterium (D) retention in tungsten (W) at different temperatures was investigated.Bulk W samples were exposed to D plasma with a fluence of 110 24 D/m 2 with or without nitrogen pre-implantation at 300 K and 500 K, respectively.Nuclear reaction analysis was applied for the determination of N content and D retention in the near surface.Optical microscopy was used to investigate the surface modification by blistering after implantation.It is shown that, the W:N layers formed during the N preimplantation play very different roles on D retention and blistering in the samples at different temperatures.At 500 K, the W:N layer seems to enhance D diffusion into the bulk by suppressing D loss from the surface, which results in a much higher D concentration in the bulk and larger blisters than without N pre-implantation.At 300 K, the effect of this layer is much less pronounced than that at 500 K.
Advances and Research Directions in Data-Warehousing Technology (1999)

Information is one of the most valuable assets of an organisation and when used properly can assist in intelligent decision making that can significantly improve the functioning of an organisation. Data Warehousing is a recent technology that allows information to be easily and efficiently accessed for decision-making activities by collecting data from many operational, legacy and possibly heterogeneous data sources. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) tools are well-suited for complex data analysis, such as multi-dimensional data analysis, and to assist in decision support activities while data mining tools take the process one step further and actively search the data for patterns and hidden knowledge in the data held in the warehouse. Many organisations are building, or are planning to develop, a data warehouse for their operational and decision support needs. In this paper, we present an overview of data warehousing, multi-dimensional databases, OLAP and data mining technology and discuss the directions of current research in the area. We also discuss recent developments in data warehouse modelling, view selection and maintenance, indexing schemes, parallel query processing and data mining issues. A number of technical issues for exploratory research are presented and possible solutions are also discussed.
Frequency of Germline PTEN Mutations in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (2011)

The frequency of germline pathogenic PTEN mutations in an unselected series of patients with DTC is relatively low, but it is enriched by considering follicular histology and macrocephaly. These results suggest that by adding head circumference to the clinical assessment, thyroid cancer specialists can more effectively identify patients needing referral for cancer genetic services.
Androgen receptor signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancers. (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic cancer remain difficult to treat, and despite the ongoing development of new treatments, the overall survival rate has only modestly improved over the past decade. Liver and pancreatic progenitors commonly develop from endoderm cells in the embryonic foregut. A previous study showed that HCC and pancreatic cancer cell lines variably express androgen receptor (AR), and these cancers and the surrounding tissues also express AR. AR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Androgen response element is present in regulatory elements on the AR-responsive target genes, such as transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is well known that the activation of AR is associated with human carcinogenesis in prostate cancer as well as HCC and pancreatic cancer and that GRP78, TGF beta, and VEGF all play important roles in carcinogenesis and cancer development in these cancers. HCC is a male-dominant cancer irrespective of its etiology. Previous work has reported that vertebrae forkhead box A 1/2 are involved in estrogen receptors and/or AR signaling pathways, which may contribute to the gender differences observed with HCC. Our recent work also showed that AR has a critical role in pancreatic cancer development, despite pancreatic cancer not being a male dominant cancer. Aryl hydrocarbon (or dioxin) receptor is also involved in both HCC and pancreatic cancer through the formation of complex with AR. It is possible that AR might be involved in their carcinogenesis through major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A/B. This review article describes AR and its role in HCC and pancreatic cancer and suggests that more specific AR signaling-inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of these "difficult to treat" cancers.
Vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of .beta.-forming alkyl oligopeptides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism of .beta.-forming alkyl oligopeptidesJames S. Balcerski, E. S. Pysh, G. M. Bonora, and C. TonioloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 12, 3470–3473Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00428a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00428a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts