gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the activity of MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) by autophosphorylation within the kinase activation domain (1997)

MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) shares sequence identity with the yeast kinases Ste11 and Byr2, and is capable of phosphorylation and activation of both mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-related protein kinase (MAP/ERK) kinase (MEK) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/ERK kinase (SEK) in vitro. In vivo, however, MEKK1 predominantly activates the SEK/SAPK kinase cascade. Mechanisms of activation of MEKK1 are unclear. We have identified a major site of autophosphorylation (Thr-575) within the 'activation loop' of MEKK1 between the kinase subdomains VII and VIII. Phosphatase treatment of a constitutively active MEKK1 decreased kinase activity by 59%. Dephosphorylated T575 was rapidly re-(auto)phosphorylated by MEKK1. Mutation of T575 to alanine decreased MEKK1 transphosphorylation activity with a SEK substrate to approx. 30% of wild-type. Mutation of a second threonine residue (Thr-587) to alanine eliminated the phosphorylation of MEK or SEK substrate but not autophosphorylation. MEKK1 autophosphorylation is an intramolecular reaction because active MEKK1 cannot transphosphorylate a kinase-inactive MEKK1. Inactive MEKK1 was not phosphorylated on Thr-575 within cells, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Thr-575 in vivo results from autophosphorylation rather than phosphorylation by an upstream kinase. Autoactivation of MEKK1 via autophosphorylation of Thr-575 might be an immediate response to initial kinase activation through non-phosphorylation mechanisms.
Axon Guidance and the Patterning of Neuronal Projections in Vertebrates (1988)

Over the past decade, new insights have been obtained into the cellular strategies and molecular mechanisms that guide axons to their targets in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Axons select pathways by recognizing specific cues in their environment. These cues include cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules that mediate cell and substrate adhesion and axon fasciculation, molecules with contact-dependent inhibitory properties, and diffusible tropic factors. Several guidance cues may operate in a coordinated way to generate the distinct axonal trajectories of individual neurons.
Kit Receptor Dimerization Is Driven by Bivalent Binding of Stem Cell Factor (1997)

Most growth factors and cytokines activate their receptors by inducing dimerization upon binding. We have studied binding of the dimeric cytokine stem cell factor (SCF) to the extracellular domain of its receptor Kit, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase similar to the receptors for platelet-derived growth factor and colony-stimulating factor-1. Calorimetric studies show that one SCF dimer binds simultaneously to two molecules of the Kit extracellular domain. Gel filtration and other methods show that this results in Kit dimerization. It has been proposed that SCF-induced Kit dimerization proceeds via a conformational change that exposes a key receptor dimerization site in the fourth of the five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains in Kit. We show that a form of Kit containing just the first three Ig domains (Kit-123) binds to SCF with precisely the same thermodynamic parameters as does Kit-12345. Analytical ultracentrifugation, light scattering, and gel filtration show that Kit-123 dimerizes upon SCF binding in a manner indistinguishable from that seen with Kit-12345. These data argue that the fourth Ig-like domain of Kit is not required for SCF-induced receptor dimerization and provide additional support for a model in which bivalent binding of the SCF dimer provides the driving force for Kit dimerization.
Birth distribution in cystic fibrosis in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada. (1991)

Although a seasonal trend in the birth distribution has been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF), this finding is still very controversial. The birth distribution of 113 patients with cystic fibrosis born in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (complete ascertainment) was analysed using two different statistical methods. Our results showed no monthly or seasonal birth variation. It is likely that a bias owing to incomplete ascertainment might explain why some previous studies found a seasonal trend in the birth distribution of cystic fibrosis.
Physicochemical properties and toxicities of hydrophobic piperidinium and pyrrolidinium \nionic liquids (2007)

Some properties are reported for hydrophobic ionic liquids (IL) containing 1-methyl-1-propyl pyrrolidinium [MPPyrro]+, 1-methyl-1-butyl pyrrolidinium [MBPyrro]+, 1-methyl-1-propyl piperidinium [MPPip]+, 1-methyl-1-butyl piperidinium [MBPip]+, 1-methyl-1-octyl pyrrolidinium [MOPyrro]+ and 1-methyl-1-octyl piperidinium [MOPip]+ cations. These liquids provide new alternatives to pyridinium and imidazolium ILs. High thermal stability of an ionic liquid increases safety in applications like rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and other electrochemical devices. Thermal properties, ionic conductivities, viscosities, and mutual solubilities with water are reported. In addition, toxicities of selected ionic liquids have been measured using a human cancer cell line. The ILs studied here are sparingly soluble in water but hygroscopic. We show some structure–property relationships that may help to design green solvents for specific applications. While ionic liquids are claimed to be environmentally benign solvents, as yet few data have been published to support these claims.
The Importance of Community Relationships to Hospitals' Clinical and Business Goals (2004)

No abstract available.
Cell viability assay for drug testing in ovarian cancer: in vitro kill versus clinical response. (2002)

This study suggests that optimized chemoresponse assays may be beneficial in selecting specific chemotherapy regimens for women with ovarian cancer.
Plastic deformation of polyethylene. I. Change of morphology during drawing of polyethylene of high density (1970)

Abstract The transformation of microspherulitic quenched and annealed polyethylene film into highly oriented drawn material with the characteristic fiber structure was investigated by small‐angle and wide‐angle x‐ray measurements and by a study of the thermograms after the fuming nitric acid treatment. With the details of deformation depending slightly on the crystallinity, one observes generally a preferential tilt of the platelets against draw direction at draw ratios below 2. At least in annealed material, an increasing tilt of the molecule within the lamella is also observed, which leads at higher draw ratios to slipping of blocks in the crystallites. With further drawing a new fiber structure appears, which is practically independent of the thermal history of the original film. This fact is established by investigation of the crystal thickness by three different methods; investigations of small‐angle scattering, study of the width of the (002) reflection, and investigation of the debris after treatment with fuming nitric acid.
Chitin‐Based Organic Networks: An Integral Part of Cell Wall Biosilica in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (2009)

Inner workings: Diatom cell walls are outstanding examples of natural hybrid materials and exhibit interesting mechanical and optical properties. Removal of the biosilicates in the cell walls of T. pseudonana with NH4F proves that the cell walls contain an internal, organic network consisting of crosslinked chitin fibers as well as other organic components (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Recombinant human factor VIIa in the management of amyloid‐associated factor X deficiency (2001)

Factor X deficiency is an important complication of amyloidosis. It is associated with severe bleeding that is difficult to control with plasma or prothrombin complex concentrates. Splenectomy ameliorates the factor X deficiency, but achieving satisfactory haemostasis for this operation is problematic. We report that a new clotting concentrate, recombinant factor VIIa, readily controls bleeding and makes splenectomy feasible.
Oxygen deprivation causes suspended animation in the zebrafish embryo (2001)

Continuous exposure to oxygen is essential for nearly all vertebrates. We found that embryos of the zebrafish Danio rerio can survive for 24 h in the absence of oxygen (anoxia, 0% O2). In anoxia, zebrafish entered a state of suspended animation where all microscopically observable movement ceased, including cell division, developmental progression, and motility. Animals that had developed a heartbeat before anoxic exposure showed no evidence of a heartbeat until return to terrestrial atmosphere (normoxia, 20.8% O2). In analyzing cell-cycle changes of rapidly dividing blastomeres exposed to anoxia, we found that no cells arrested in mitosis. This is in sharp contrast to similarly staged normoxic embryos that consistently contain more than 15% of cells in mitosis. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that blastomeres arrested during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. This work indicates that survival of oxygen deprivation in vertebrates involves the reduction of diverse processes, such as cardiac function and cell-cycle progression, thus allowing energy supply to be matched by energy demands.
The murine ufo receptor: molecular cloning, chromosomal localization and in situ expression analysis. (1992)

We have cloned the mouse homologue of the ufo oncogene. It encodes a novel tyrosine kinase receptor characterized by a unique extracellular domain containing two immunoglobulin-like and two fibronectin type III repeats. Comparison of the predicted ufo amino acid sequences of mouse and man revealed an overall identity of 87.6%. The ufo locus maps to mouse chromosome 7A3-B1 and thereby extends the known conserved linkage group between mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 19. RNA in situ hybridization analysis established the onset of specific ufo expression in the late embryogenesis at day 12.5 post coitum (p.c.) and localized ufo transcription to distinct substructures of a broad spectrum of developing tissues (e.g. subepidermal cells of the skin, mesenchymal cells of the periosteum). In adult animals ufo is expressed in cells forming organ capsules as well as in connective tissue structures. ufo may function as a signal transducer between specific cell types of mesodermal origin.
c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (1994)

c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein expression in cancer cells may imply a poor prognosis for patients with Stage III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy alone.
Surface Plasmon Sensor Based on the Enhanced Light Transmission through Arrays of Nanoholes in Gold Films (2004)

Arrays of nanoholes in a gold film were used to monitor the binding of organic and biological molecules to the metallic surface. This technique is particularly sensitive to surface binding events because it is based upon the resonant surface plasmon enhanced transmission through the array of nanoholes. The sensitivity was found to be 400 nm per refractive index unit, which is comparable to other grating-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) devices. The array of nanoholes is well suited for dense integration in a sensor chip. Furthermore, the optical geometry is collinear, which simplifies the alignment with respect to the traditional Kretschmann (reflection) arrangement for SPR sensing.
Development of the blood‐brain barrier: A historical point of view (2006)

Although there has been considerable controversy since the observation by Ehrlich more than 100 years ago that the brain did not take up dyes from the vascular system, the concept of an endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) was confirmed by the unequivocal demonstration that the passage of molecules from blood to brain and vice versa was prevented by endothelial tight junctions (TJs). There are three major functions implicated in the term "BBB": protection of the brain from the blood milieu, selective transport, and metabolism or modification of blood- or brain-borne substances. The BBB phenotype develops under the influence of associated brain cells, especially astrocytic glia, and consists of complex TJs and a number of specific transport and enzyme systems that regulate molecular traffic across the endothelial cells. The development of the BBB is a complex process that leads to endothelial cells with unique permeability characteristics due to high electrical resistance and the expression of specific transporters and metabolic pathways. This review article summarizes the historical background underlying our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of the BBB.
Cool-Mem (2002)

This paper presents Cool-Mem, a family of memory system architectures that integrate conventional memory system mechanisms, energy-aware address translation, and compiler-enabled cache disambiguation techniques, to reduce energy consumption in general purpose architectures. It combines statically speculative cache access modes, a dynamic CAM based Tag-Cache used as backup for statically mispredicted accesses, various conventional multi-level associative cache organizations, embedded protection checking along all cache access mechanisms, as well as architectural organizations to reduce the power consumed by address translation in virtual memory. Because it is based on speculative static information, the approach removes the burden of provable correctness in compiler analysis passes that extract static information. This makes Cool-Mem applicable for large and complex applications, without having any limitations due to complexity issues in the compiler passes or the presence of precompiled static libraries. Based on extensive evaluation, for both SPEC2000 and Mediabench applications, 12% to 20% total energy savings are obtained in the processor, with performance ranging from 1.2% degradation to 8% improvement, for the applications studied.
A Survey of Model Compression and Acceleration for Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved great success in many visual recognition tasks. However, existing deep neural network models are computationally expensive and memory intensive, hindering their deployment in devices with low memory resources or in applications with strict latency requirements. Therefore, a natural thought is to perform model compression and acceleration in deep networks without significantly decreasing the model performance. During the past five years, tremendous progress has been made in this area. In this paper, we review the recent techniques for compacting and accelerating DNN models. In general, these techniques are divided into four categories: parameter pruning and quantization, low-rank factorization, transferred/compact convolutional filters, and knowledge distillation. Methods of parameter pruning and quantization are described first, after that the other techniques are introduced. For each category, we also provide insightful analysis about the performance, related applications, advantages, and drawbacks. Then we go through some very recent successful methods, for example, dynamic capacity networks and stochastic depths networks. After that, we survey the evaluation matrices, the main datasets used for evaluating the model performance, and recent benchmark efforts. Finally, we conclude this paper, discuss remaining the challenges and possible directions for future work.
Dancing with the Big Boys: Georgia Adopts (most of) the Federal Rules of Evidence (2011)

Georgia has become the forty-fourth state to model its new evidence rules on the Federal Rules of Evidence. The new code will go into effect on January 1, 2013, 150 years from when Georgia's first legal code was published. Passage of the 2013 Georgia Evidence Code did not come easy, but was a product of years of debate, compromise, and vetting from legislators, the judiciary, academia, and members and groups of the practicing bar. The new code is largely derived from the Federal Rules of Evidence, but Georgia has retained a significant amount of evidence rules from its prior code and rejected certain provisions of the Federal Rules of Evidence. This Article reviews the history of Georgia's evidence rules and the efforts to amend them, summarizes the changes between the current Georgia Evidence Code and the 2013 Georgia Evidence Code, and explains the notable differences between the 2013 Georgia Evidence Code and the Federal Rules of Evidence.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION AND SYNTHETIC UTILITY OF DIANIONS DERIVED FROM THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1983)

Abstract Thiophen‐2‐ (I) bzw. Thiophen‐3‐carbonsäure (VIII) werden durch Lithiumdiisopropylamid regioselektiv in den Positionen 5 bzw. 2 metalliert.
Expression of receptors for advanced glycation end products in peripheral occlusive vascular disease. (1995)

The cellular interactions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of vascular lesions, occur, at least in part, through their binding to a novel integral membrane protein, the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Studies of human vascular segments show that endothelial RAGE expression at the antigen and mRNA level was variable and usually at low levels in samples from healthy individuals. In contrast, patients with a range of peripheral occlusive vascular diseases, with or without underlying diabetes, demonstrated prominent enhancement of endothelial RAGE expression. Smooth muscle cells and nerves in the vessel wall showed constitutively high levels of RAGE expression that were unchanged with aging (from 1 to 92 years) or by the presence of vascular disease. These data suggest that RAGE is likely to have ligands other than AGEs, and that multiple factors in addition to AGEs impact on its expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that RAGE may contribute to the pathogenesis of a range of vascular disorders.
Clinical study on the interventional treatment of primary liver cancer (2006)

Objective To discuss the effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) in treating primary liver cancer.Methods Retrospectively analyze 652 patiens with primary liver cancer by treatment of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization from 1992,September to 2002,March.And the related factor that affected treatment of liver cancer is discussed.Results ⑴The effect of treatment for primary liver cancer is obvious,its survival rate of one year,two years,three years and five years is(76.8)%,55%,(25.78)%,(10.5)% and(8.14)% respectively;⑵Tumor diameter is larger than(5.0) cm,portal vein tumor thrombus occurrence rate increases obviously,and its multi tumor is higher than single obviously in portal vein tumorthronbus occurrence rate, and the effect of multi tumor is lower than only one.Conclusion TACE is the first method for unresectable primary liver cancer.Adopting different treatment with other coordination therapies can obviously improve the effect of the liver cancer at different stage.
Identity of Inositol 1,2-Cyclic Phosphate 2-Phosphohydrolase with Lipocortin III (1990)

The amino acid sequences of three fragments of cyanogen bromide-digested human placental inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are identical to sequences within lipocortin III, a member of a family of homologous calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins that do not have defined physiological functions. Lipocortin III has also been previously identified as placental anticoagulant protein III (PAP III) and calcimedin 35 alpha. Antibodies to PAP III detected PAP III and inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with identical reactivity on immunoblotting. In addition, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase was stimulated by the same acidic phospholipids that bind lipocortins.
Current Progress on aptamer-targeted Oligonucleotide Therapeutics (2013)

Exploiting the power of the RNAi pathway through the use of therapeutic siRNA drugs has remarkable potential for treating a vast array of human disease conditions. However, difficulties in delivery of these and similar nucleic acid-based pharmacological agents to appropriate organs or tissues, remains a major impediment to their broad clinical application. Synthetic nucleic acid ligands (aptamers) have emerged as effective delivery vehicles for therapeutic oligonucleotides, including siRNAs. In this review, we summarize recent attractive developments in creatively employing cell-internalizing aptamers to deliver therapeutic oligonucleotides (e.g., siRNAs, miRNAs, anti-miRs and antisense oligos) to target cells. We also discuss advancements in aptamer-siRNA chimera technology, as well as, aptamer-functionalized nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. In addition, the challenges and future prospects of aptamer-targeted oligonucleotide drugs for clinical translation are further highlighted.
Continuous Oximetry/Capnometry Monitoring Reveals Frequent Desaturation and Bradypnea During Patient-Controlled Analgesia (2007)

Our incidence of RD by bradypnea is significantly higher than the 1%-2% incidence in the literature, using the same threshold criteria but more stringent duration criteria, while our incidence of RD based on desaturation is consistent with previous estimates. We conclude that continuous respiratory monitoring is optimal for the safe administration of PCA, because any RD event can progress to respiratory arrest if undetected. Better alarm algorithms must be implemented to reduce the frequent alarms triggered by threshold criteria for RD.
Pattern Recognition by Self-Organizing Neural Networks (1991)

Pattern Recognition by Self-Organizing Neural Networks presents the most recent advances in an area of research that is becoming vitally important in the fields of cognitive science, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and neural networks in general. Pattern Recognition by Self-Organizing Neural Networks presents the most recent advances in an area of research that is becoming vitally important in the fields of cognitive science, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and neural networks in general. The 19 articles take up developments in competitive learning and computational maps, adaptive resonance theory, and specialized architectures and biological connections. Introductory survey articles provide a framework for understanding the many models involved in various approaches to studying neural networks. These are followed in Part 2 by articles that form the foundation for models of competitive learning and computational mapping, and recent articles by Kohonen, applying them to problems in speech recognition, and by Hecht-Nielsen, applying them to problems in designing adaptive lookup tables. Articles in Part 3 focus on adaptive resonance theory (ART) networks, selforganizing pattern recognition systems whose top-down template feedback signals guarantee their stable learning in response to arbitrary sequences of input patterns. In Part 4, articles describe embedding ART modules into larger architectures and provide experimental evidence from neurophysiology, event-related potentials, and psychology that support the prediction that ART mechanisms exist in the brain. Contributors J.-P. Banquet, G.A. Carpenter, S. Grossberg, R. Hecht-Nielsen, T. Kohonen, B. Kosko, T.W. Ryan, N.A. Schmajuk, W. Singer, D. Stork, C. von der Malsburg, C.L. Winter Bradford Books imprint