gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of retinals with eight- and nine-membered rings in the side chain. Models for rhodopsin photobleaching intermediates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of retinals with eight- and nine-membered rings in the side chain. Models for rhodopsin photobleaching intermediatesCharles G. Caldwell, Fadila Derguini, Christopher F. Bigge, Arh Hwang Chen, Shuanghua Hu, Jun Wang, Lakshmi Sastry, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 13, 3533–3537Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00065a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00065a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Rice protein‐concentrate meal as a potential dietary ingredient in practical diets for blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo: a histological and enzymatic investigation (2009)

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the intestinal responses to partial replacement of fish meal with rice protein concentrate (RPC) in practical diets for blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo. Two experimental diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic with an increasing level of RPC (20 and 35%, respectively) and were tested against a fish meal-based control diet (RPC0). The diets showed similar features for growth performances and both intestinal histology and digestive enzymes. This study confirmed that RPC does not induce intestinal mucosa alterations in this fish. The dietary RPC supplement caused a significant increase in trypsin activity, whereas lipase activity was reduced.
Integrin αVβ3as a Target for Blocking HIV-1 Tat-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation In Vitro and Angiogenesis In Vivo (2005)

These data provide new insights on the mechanism of endothelial cell activation by Tat and point to RGD peptidomimetics as prototypes for the development of novel Tat antagonists.
Get on the D-BUS (2005)

New desktop apps need to be aware of each other, changes in files and even when the phone rings.
Fusion Reactors Based on Colliding Beams in a Field Reversed Configuration Plasma (1996)

A plasma consisting of large orbit non-adiabatic ions and adiabatic electrons is considered. For such a plasma it is possible that the anomalous transport characteristic of Tokamaks can be avoided. Experimental evidence in support of this possibility has been obtained with energetic beams injected into Tokamaks for heating in DIII-D and TFTR and with energetic fusion products in JET. Energetic particles were observed to slow down and diffuse classically in the presence of anomalous transport of thermal particles. Assuming that classical transport theory is applicable we have elected to investigate magnetic confinement for field reversed configurations (FRC's). This configuration was chosen because there are some 20 years of experimental investigation, about 600 published papers and current programs in Japan to provide background information for a case where a substantial fraction of the ions are non-adiabatic and contribute to the current. The investigation begins with self-consistent equilibrium solutions of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The classical Fokker-Planck equation is employed to evaluate Coulomb collisions and transport. Reactor configurations based on D - T, D - He3 and H - B11 reactions are considered. Energy balance is investigated considering the only losses to be Bremsstrahlung.
The hydrophobic moment and its use in the classification of amphiphilic structures (Review) (2002)

Amphiphilic alpha-helices play a major role in membrane dependent processes and are manifested in the primary structure of a protein by the periodic appearance of hydrophobic residues. Based on these periodic sequences, the hydrophobic moment was introduced, <microH>, which essentially treats the hydrophobicity of amino acid residues as a two-dimensional vector sum and provides a measure of amphiphilicity within regular repeat structures. To identify putative amphiphilic alpha-helix forming sequences, hydrophobic moment analysis assumes an amino acid residue periodicity of 100 and scans protein primary structures to find the 11-residue window with maximal <microH>. Taken with the window's mean hydrophobicity, <H0>, hydrophobic moment plot analysis uses the coordinate pair, [<microH>, <H0>] to classify alpha-helices as either surface active, globular or transmembrane. More recently, this latter analysis has been extended to recognize candidate oblique orientated alpha-helices. Here, the hydrophobic moment is reviewed and data to query the logic of using a fixed window length and a fixed residue angular periodicity in hydrophobic moment analysis are provided. In addition, problems associated with the use of such analysis to predict alpha-helix structure/function relationships are considered.
Amplification of RNA. (1994)

PCR has been used widely to study gene expression by amplification from RNA sequences. This approach requires conversion of the mRNA template to cDNA by reverse transcription (RT) and amplification of the cDNA by PCR (RNA PCR or RT-PCR). ~ RT-PCR is now a major methodology for detecting the expression of genes. This method is particularly useful when analyzing low-abundance mRNAs or when a limited amount of sample is available. Also, RT-PCR been used widely as a qualitative and a quantitative tool for studying the expression of genes and for the detection of viral RNAs. (3-5~ Amplification of RNA and cloning of amplified DNA also provide a convenient alternative to conventional cDNA cloning. A wide variety of modifications have been applied to the original RT-PCR method, depending on the purpose(s) of the study. Also, a number of different reverse transcriptases have been used to convert the RNA into cDNA prior to amplification by PCR. The basic methology for RT-PCR is shown schematically in Figure This paper deals with a number of different methods involving RT-PCR. A general protocol and a discussion of factors to consider in using RT-PCR for detection and quantitation of RNA in biological samples are presented.
Sum Frequency Generation of CO on (111) and Polycrystalline Platinum Electrode Surfaces:  Evidence for SFG Invisible Surface CO (1999)

The vibrational spectroscopy sum frequency generation (SFG) is used to investigate the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the single crystal (111) and polycrystalline platinum surfaces. By varying the frequency and polarization of the light beams, different surface species of CO species are probed. SFG signal intensities for different polarization indicate that adsorbed CO polarizability is significantly perturbed from the gas-phase molecule. The SFG signal of CO disappears well below the main oxidation potential of CO to CO2. The disappearance of the CO signal is interpreted as a transformation in the CO layer to a state which is invisible to SFG. The invisible state is suggested to be CO with the bond axis nearly parallel to the platinum surface.
Mixed Succinic Acid/Acetic Acid Esterification with Ethanol by Reactive Distillation. (2011)

Esterification of mixtures of succinic acid and acetic acid, commonly produced via fermentation of biomass carbohydrates, with ethanol in a continuous reactive distillation unit has been studied. Experiments were carried out in a 6 m tall, 51 mm diameter pilot-scale stainless steel column with the reactive zone consisting of Katapak-SP11 structured packing containing Amberlyst 70 cation exchange resin as catalyst. Noncatalytic BX structured gauze packing was used in stripping and enrichment sections. Steady-state experiments were performed under different conditions by varying the composition and number of inlet streams, the column pressure, the reboiler power, and the reflux ratio. Conversions approaching 100% for both succinic acid and acetic acid were verified experimentally; succinate esters were obtained as bottom products with purities of diethyl succinate as high as 98%, and ethyl acetate was recovered in the distillate. Computer simulations based upon experimental phase equilibrium data and chemical kinetics were performed in Aspen Plus using RadFrac to reproduce steady-state results. Good agreement between experiment and simulation was observed under diverse operating conditions. The model developed here can be used to design commercial-scale systems for succinic acid production when acetic acid is also formed during the fermentation.
Syngeneic Mouse Models of Oral Cancer Are Effectively Targeted by Anti–CD44-Based NIR-PIT (2017)

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered one of the most aggressive subtypes of cancer. Anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a potential therapy against CD44 expressing OSCC; however, to date the therapeutic effects have been disappointing. Here, a new cancer treatment is described, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), that uses anti-CD44 mAbs conjugated to the photoabsorber IR700DX. This conjugate is injected into mice harboring one of three CD44 expressing syngeneic murine oral cancer cell (MOC) lines, MOC1 (immunogenic), MOC2 mKate2 (moderately immunogenic), and MOC2-luc (poorly immunogenic). Binding of the anti-CD44-IR700 conjugate was shown to be specific and cell-specific cytotoxicity was observed after exposure of the cells to NIR light <i>in vitro</i> The anti-CD44-IR700 conjugate, when assessed <i>in vivo</i>, demonstrated deposition within the tumor with a high tumor-to-background ratio. Tumor-bearing mice were separated into four cohorts: no treatment; 100 μg of anti-CD44-IR700 i.v. only; NIR light exposure only; and 100 μg of anti-CD44-IR700 i.v. with NIR light exposure. NIR-PIT therapy, compared with the other groups, significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in all three cell model systems. In conclusion, these data reveal that anti-CD44 antibodies are suitable as mAb-photoabsorber conjugates for NIR-PIT in MOC cells.<b>Implications:</b> This study using syngeneic mouse models, which better model the disease in humans than conventional xenografts, suggests that NIR-PIT with anti-CD44-IR700 is a potential candidate for the treatment of OSCC. <i>Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1667-77. ©2017 AACR</i>.
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor ZD1839 (Iressa) Suppresses c-Src and Pak1 Pathways and Invasiveness of Human Cancer Cells (2004)

These studies suggest that the EGFR-TKI ZD1839 may cause potent inhibition of the Pak1 and c-Src pathways and, therefore, have potential to affect the invasiveness of human cancer cells deregulated in these growth factor receptor pathways.
Changes in the Microflora and Physiology of the Anterior Intestinal Tract of Pigs Weaned at 2 Days, with Special Reference to the Pathogenesis of Diarrhea (1977)

The gastrointestinal microflora and gastric physiology of piglets weaned at 2 days was compared with that of piglets allowed to continue sucking the sow. Although there was a significantly higher count of Escherichia coli in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum of the early-weaned compared with sow-reared pigs, these differences were not detectable in samples from the ileum. There were no quantitative differences in lactobacilli and in streptococci between the two treatments. Lactobacillus fermentum, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus salivarius, S. bovis, and related biotypes were isolated from both groups of pigs. L. fermentum and S. salivarius were isolated more frequently from sow-reared piglets. The weight of digesta in the stomach was greater in weaned than in sucking pigs and was even greater in scouring weaned pigs, suggesting that in scouring pigs there may be gastric stasis. The gastric pH was higher in the weaned pigs at 4 days of age, but gradually decreased up to 10 days, during which time the lactic acid concentration rose. In weaned pigs there was a highly significant negative correlation between pH and lactic acid concentration in the stomach digesta, and also a positive correlation between pH and number of E. coli. These correlations suggest that lactic acid, from bacterial fermentation, is the major component in the regulation of gastric pH in weaned pigs. Three of twenty sucking pigs, but none of the weaned pigs, were secreting HCl (chloride concentration > 3 mg/g, pH < 3.5). In sucking pigs there was an inverse relationship between the chloride and lactic acid concentrations in the digesta. In weaned scouring pigs there was a nonsignificant increase in pepsin concentration in the stomach tissue. There was a threefold increase in the total proteolytic activity of the stomach tissue.
Application of an LPC distance measure to the voiced-unvoiced-silence detection problem (1977)

One of the most difficult problems in speech analysis is reliable discrimination among silence, unvoiced speech, and voiced speech which has been transmitted over a telephone line. Although several methods have been proposed for making this three-level decision, these schemes have met with only modest success. In this paper, a novel approach to the voiced-unvoiced-silence detection problem is proposed in which a spectral characterization of each of the three classes of signal is obtained during a training session, and an LPC distance measure and an energy distance are nonlinearly combined to make the final discrimination. This algorithm has been tested over conventional switched telephone lines, across a variety of speakers, and has been found to have an error rate of about 5 percent, with the majority of the errors (about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\frac{2}{3}</tex> ) occurring at the boundaries between signal classes. The algorithm is currently being used in a speaker-independent word recognition system.
HIV-1 Envelope Glycan Moieties Modulate HIV-1 Transmission (2014)

HIV-1 Env N-glycans shield the protein backbone and play key roles in determining Env structure and surface exposure, thereby impacting Env antigenicity, infectivity, antibody neutralization, and carbohydrate and receptor binding. Studies of HIV-1 glycosylation have focused mainly on the position of glycosylation, rather than the types of glycans. In the study described in this report, we investigated systematically the role of Env glycan moieties on HIV-1 transmission. We show that N-linked Env glycans display discordant effects on the major events of HIV-1 transmission. These data indicate that Env glycan moieties impact HIV-1 transmission and that modulation of Env glycan moieties offers a potential strategy for the development of therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines against HIV-1.
Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding Amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme (1999)

The Neisseria polysaccharea gene encoding amylosucrase was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequencing revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence differs significantly from that previously published. Comparison of the sequence with that of enzymes of the alpha-amylase family predicted a (beta/alpha)8-barrel domain. Six of the eight highly conserved regions in amylolytic enzymes are present in amylosucrase. Among them, four constitute the active site in alpha-amylases. These sites were also conserved in the sequence of glucosyltransferases and dextransucrases. Nevertheless, the evolutionary tree does not show strong homology between them. The amylosucrase was purified by affinity chromatography between fusion protein glutathione S-transferase-amylosucrase and glutathione-Sepharose 4B. The pure enzyme linearly elongated some branched chains of glycogen, to an average degree of polymerization of 75.
The Convenient Syntheses of Biopterin and Its Three Opitical Isomers (1975)

Abstract Simple syntheses of biopterin (4a) and its three optical isomers (4b, c, d) are described. The condensation of 2,4,5-triaminopyrimidin-6(1H)-one (1) with each of the 5-deoxypentose phenylhydrazones (2a, b, c, d), followed by oxidation with K3[Fe(CN)6] and H2O2 in the presence of KI, gives biopterin (4a) and the isomers (4b, c, d) respectively.
Role of Laminin in Matrix Induction of Macrophage Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator and 92-kDa Metalloproteinase Expression (1997)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and 92-kDa matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expression by RAW264.7 macrophages were up-regulated when plated on extracellular matrices. Collagen IV, fibronectin, and tenascin stimulated macrophages' MMP-9 expression. In contrast, laminin stimulated both uPA and MMP-9 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increase in macrophage uPA activity was preceded by an increase in their steady state levels of uPA mRNA. Laminin-induced uPA expression was most pronounced in RAW264.7 macrophages followed by THP-1 monocytes, J774A.1 macrophages, and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Neither laminin nor matrix induced alterations in THP-1 monocyte expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 or TIMP-2. Synthetic laminin peptides were utilized to identify the laminin domain(s) responsible for induction of uPA expression. Peptides derived from the beta1 chain of laminin had no effect on macrophage uPA expression, whereas SIKVAV, derived from alpha1 chain, stimulated uPA expression 20-fold. Preincubation of THP-1 monocytes with a monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha6 subunit of the alpha6beta1 laminin receptor blocked matrix induction of uPA without affecting the induction of MMP-9. These results demonstrate that macrophage binding to laminin plays an important role in the regulation of their degradative phenotype via the up-regulation of uPA and MMP-9.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase from Meadowfoam Mediates Insertion of Erucic Acid at the sn-2 Position of Triacylglycerol in Transgenic Rapeseed Oil (1995)

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase acylates the sn-2 hydroxyl group of lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid, a precursor to triacylglycerol. A cDNA encoding lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase was isolated from developing seeds of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba alba). The cDNA encodes a 281-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 32 kD. The cDNA was expressed in developing seeds of transgenic high-erucic-acid rapeseed (Brassica napus) using a napin expression cassette. Erucic acid was present at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols from transgenic plants but was absent from that position of seed oil extracted from control plants. Trierucin was present in the transgenic oil. Alteration of the sn-2 erucic acid composition did not affect the total erucic acid content. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using acyltransferases to alter the stereochemical composition of transgenic seed oils and also represent a necessary step toward increasing the erucic acid content of rapeseed oil.
Expression of snowdrop lectin (GNA) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper (1998)

Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) has been shown previously to be toxic towards rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH) when administered in artificial diet. BPH feeds by phloem abstraction, and causes 'hopper burn', as well as being an important virus vector. To evaluate the potential of the gna gene to confer resistance towards BPH, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were produced, containing the gna gene in constructs where its expression was driven by a phloem-specific promoter (from the rice sucrose synthase RSs1 gene) and by a constitutive promoter (from the maize ubiquitin ubi1 gene). PCR and Southern analyses on DNA from these plants confirmed their transgenic status, and that the transgenes were transmitted to progeny after self-fertilization. Western blot analyses revealed expression of GNA at levels of up to 2.0% of total protein in some of the transgenic plants. GNA expression driven by the RSs1 promoter was tissue-specific, as shown by immunohistochemical localization of the protein in the non-lignified vascular tissue of transgenic plants. Insect bioassays and feeding studies showed that GNA expressed in the transgenic rice plants decreased survival and overall fecundity (production of offspring) of the insects, retarded insect development, and had a deterrent effect on BPH feeding. gna is the first transgene to exhibit insecticidal activity towards sap-sucking insects in an important cereal crop plant.
Three-Terminal Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (2011)

Many defects exist within amorphous silicon since it is not crystalline. This provides recombination centers, thus reducing the efficiency of a typical a-Si solar cell. A new structure is presented in this paper: a three-terminal a-Si solar cell. The new back-to-back p-i-n/n-i-p structure increased the average electric field in a solar cell. A typical a-Si p-i-n solar cell was also simulated for comparison using the same thickness and material parameters. The 0.28 μ m-thick three-terminal a-Si solar cell achieved an efficiency of 11.4%, while the efficiency of a typical a-Si p-i-n solar cell was 9.0%. Furthermore, an efficiency of 11.7% was achieved by thickness optimization of the three-terminal solar cell.