gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sketch-Based Image Matching Using Angular Partitioning (2004)

This work presents a novel method for image similarity measure, where a hand-drawn rough black and white sketch is compared with an existing data base of full color images (art works and photographs). The proposed system creates ambient intelligence in terms of the evaluation of nonprecise, easy to input sketched information. The system can then provide the user with options of either retrieving similar images in the database or ranking the quality of the sketch against a given standard, i.e., the original image model. Alternatively, the inherent pattern-matching capability of the system can be utilized to allow detection of distortion in any given real time-image sequences in vision-driven ambient intelligence applications. The proposed method can cope with images containing several complex objects in an inhomogeneous background. Two abstract images are obtained using strong edges of the model image and the morphologically thinned outline of the sketched image. The angular-spatial distribution of pixels in the abstract images is then employed to extract new compact and effective features using the Fourier transform. The extracted features are rotation and scale invariant and robust against translation. Experimental results from seven different approaches confirm the efficacy of the proposed method in both the retrieval performance and the time required for feature extraction and search.
Development of a Candidate HLA A*0201 Restricted Peptide-Based Vaccine Against Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (1997)

The development of a protective cellular immune response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most important determinant of recovery from HCMV infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The ultimate aim of our study is to develop an antigen-specific and peptide-based vaccine strategy against HCMV in the setting of BMT. Toward this end we have studied the cellular immune response against the immunodominant matrix protein pp65 of HCMV. Using an HLA A*0201-restricted T-cell clone reactive against pp65 from peripheral blood from a seropositive individual, we have mapped the position of the cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from HCMV pp65 to an 84-amino acid segment. Of the four peptides which best fit the HLA A*0201 motif in that region, one nonamer sensitized an autologous Epstein-Barr virus immortalized lymphocyte cell line for lysis. In vitro immunization of PBMC from HLA A*0201 and HCMV seropositive volunteers using the defined nonamer peptide stimulated significant recognition of HCMV infected or peptide-sensitized fibroblasts. Similarly, HLA A*0201 transgenic mice immunized with the nonamer peptide developed CTL that recognize both the immunizing peptide and endogenously processed pp65 in an HLA A*0201 restricted manner. Lipid modification of the amino terminus of the nonamer peptide resulted in its ability to stimulate immune responses without the use of adjuvant. This demonstration of a vaccine function of the nonamer peptide without adjuvant suggests its potential for use in an immunization trial of BMT donors to induce protective CTLs in patients undergoing allogeneic BMT.
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical Representation of Observed Acts in the Temporal, Parietal, and Premotor Cortices (2010)

A transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) adaptation paradigm was used to investigate the neural representation of observed motor behavior in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and in the cortex around the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Participants were shown adapting movies of a hand or a foot acting on different objects and were asked to compare to the movie, a motor act shown in test pictures. The invariant features between adapting and test stimuli fitted a 2 x 2 design: same or different action made by the same or different effector. Neuronavigated TMS pulses were delivered at the onset of each test picture. TMS over the left and right PMv and over the left IPL induced a selective shortening of reaction times (RTs) to stimuli showing a repeated (adapted) action, regardless of the effector performing it. In a second experiment, TMS applied over the left STS induced shortening of RTs for adapted actions but only if also the effector was repeated. The results indicate that observed motor behavior is encoded with the body part that performs it in the temporal lobe. A hierarchically higher level of representation is carried by neural populations in the parietofrontal regions, where acts are encoded in an abstract way.
Preparation of Symmetrical N,N'-Disubstituted Piperazines and their Quaternary Ammonium Salts (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Symmetrical N,N'-Disubstituted Piperazines and their Quaternary Ammonium SaltsD. R. Smith, J. W. Curry, and R. L. EifertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 2969–2970Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metabolism of isomalto-oligosaccharides by Lactobacillus reuteri and bifidobacteria (2013)

Isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) are applied as functional food ingredients, but the composition and biological functionality of current commercial products are poorly documented. This study is the first to analyse IMO metabolism by Lactobacillus reuteri. Bifidobacteria were used for comparison. Commercial IMO contained IMO with degree of polymerization (DP) of up to four and panose-series oligosaccharides with DP of up to 5. L. reuteri preferentially metabolized short-chain oligosaccharides, whereas bifidobacteria preferentially metabolized higher oligosaccharides. Results of this study allow the modification of the biological and technological functionality of commercial IMO by adjustment of the degree of polymerization and will thus facilitate the application development for IMO.
ThebzdGene Cluster, Coding for Anaerobic Benzoate Catabolism, inAzoarcussp. Strain CIB (2004)

We report here that the bzd genes for anaerobic benzoate degradation in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB are organized as two transcriptional units, i.e., a benzoate-inducible catabolic operon, bzdNOPQMSTUVWXYZA, and a gene, bzdR, encoding a putative transcriptional regulator. The last gene of the catabolic operon, bzdA, has been expressed in Escherichia coli and encodes the benzoate-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase that catalyzes the first step in the benzoate degradation pathway. The BzdA enzyme is able to activate a wider range of aromatic compounds than that reported for other previously characterized benzoate-CoA ligases. The reduction of benzoyl-CoA to a nonaromatic cyclic intermediate is carried out by a benzoyl-CoA reductase (bzdNOPQ gene products) detected in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB extracts. The bzdW, bzdX, and bzdY gene products show significant similarity to the hydratase, dehydrogenase, and ring-cleavage hydrolase that act sequentially on the product of the benzoyl-CoA reductase in the benzoate catabolic pathway of Thauera aromatica. Benzoate-CoA ligase assays and transcriptional analyses based on lacZ-reporter fusions revealed that benzoate degradation in Azoarcus sp. strain CIB is subject to carbon catabolite repression by some organic acids, indicating the existence of a physiological control that connects the expression of the bzd genes to the metabolic status of the cell.
2011: the immune hallmarks of cancer (2011)

Ten years after the publication of the position paper "The hallmarks of cancer" (Hanahan and Weinberg Cell 100:57-70, 2000), it has become increasingly clear that mutated cells on their way to giving rise to a tumor have also to learn how to thrive in a chronically inflamed microenvironment, evade immune recognition, and suppress immune reactivity. Genetic and molecular definition of these three immune hallmarks of cancer offers the opportunity to learn how to deploy specific countermeasures to reverse the situation in favor of the immune system and, eventually, the patient. This new information could be channeled to address what seem to be the three major hallmarks for the immune control of cancer progression: effective procedures to activate immune reactivity; characterization of not-disposable oncoantigens; and counteraction of immune suppression.
Deep Voice: Real-time Neural Text-to-Speech (2017)

We present Deep Voice, a production-quality text-to-speech system constructed entirely from deep neural networks. Deep Voice lays the groundwork for truly end-to-end neural speech synthesis. The system comprises five major building blocks: a segmentation model for locating phoneme boundaries, a grapheme-to-phoneme conversion model, a phoneme duration prediction model, a fundamental frequency prediction model, and an audio synthesis model. For the segmentation model, we propose a novel way of performing phoneme boundary detection with deep neural networks using connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss. For the audio synthesis model, we implement a variant of WaveNet that requires fewer parameters and trains faster than the original. By using a neural network for each component, our system is simpler and more flexible than traditional text-to-speech systems, where each component requires laborious feature engineering and extensive domain expertise. Finally, we show that inference with our system can be performed faster than real time and describe optimized WaveNet inference kernels on both CPU and GPU that achieve up to 400x speedups over existing implementations.
Gene transfer of Fas ligand induces tumor regression in vivo (1997)

The Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) system plays an important role in the induction of lymphoid apoptosis and has been implicated in the suppression of immune responses. Herein, we report that gene transfer of FasL inhibits tumor cell growth in vivo. Although such inhibition is expected in Fas+ tumor cell lines, marked regression was unexpectedly observed after FasL gene transfer into the CT26 colon carcinoma that does not express Fas. Infection by an adenoviral vector encoding FasL rapidly eliminated tumor masses in the Fas+ Renca tumor by inducing cell death, whereas the elimination of Fas- CT26 cells was mediated by inflammatory cells. Analysis of human malignancies revealed Fas, but not FasL, expression in a majority of tumors and susceptibility to FasL in most Fas+ cell lines. These findings suggest that gene transfer of FasL generates apoptotic responses and induces potent inflammatory reactions that can be used to induce the regression of malignancies.
Identification of minimal enhancer elements sufficient for Pax3 expression in neural crest and implication of Tead2 as a regulator of Pax3 (2004)

Pax3 is a transcription factor that is required by pre-migratory neural crest cells, which give rise to the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, some vascular smooth muscle, and numerous other derivatives [corrected]. Both mice and humans with Pax3 deficiency exhibit neural crest-related developmental defects [corrected]. Pax3 is also expressed in the dorsal neural tube, and by myogenic progenitors in the presomitic mesoderm and the hypaxial somites. Molecular pathways that regulate Pax3 expression in the roof plate probably represent early upstream signals in neural crest induction. We have identified an enhancer region in the Pax3 genomic locus that is sufficient to recapitulate expression in neural crest precursors in transgenic mice. We show that Tead2, a member of the Tead box family of transcription factors, binds to a neural crest enhancer and activates Pax3 expression. Tead2, and its co-activator YAP65, are co-expressed with Pax3 in the dorsal neural tube, and mutation of the Tead2 binding site in the context of Pax3 transgenic constructs abolishes neural expression. In addition, a Tead2-Engrailed fusion protein is able to repress retinoic acid-induced Pax3 expression in P19 cells and in vivo. These results suggest that Tead2 is an endogenous activator of Pax3 in neural crest.
Object Relational DBMSs: The Next Great Wave (1995)

From the Publisher:
Discover why object-relational technology is ideal for supporting a broad spectrum of data types and application areas, from financial services to multimedia data. In this completely revised and updated edition, database experts Michael Stonebraker and Paul Brown explore the object-relational paradigm and examine the most recent developments in the field. Specially written for database application programmers, database analysts, and IT managers, this book includes detailed information on how to classify DBMS applications, where object-relational DBMSs fit in the database world, and what mechanisms are required to support such an engine.
Effect of Short-Term and Long-Term Antioxidant Therapy on Primary and Secondary Ageing Neurovascular Processes (2003)

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated an age-related functional decline in sensory neurones and their modulation of microvascular blood flow (primary ageing processes) that correlated with a deficiency in tissue repair (a secondary ageing process). We also raised the notion of a possible role for free radicals in these age-related changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on modulating sensory neurovascular function and tissue repair with age. Twenty-four-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vitamin E for short-term (40 mg/kg, i.p., every other day for 2 weeks) or long-term (for 12 months in advance, 10 g/kg, incorporated in food). These treated rats were assessed for the effectiveness of treatment and tested for their sensory neurovascular function, repair of full-thickness burn, and recovery from hyperalgesia following nerve injury. The results indicate that both short- and long-term vitamin E treatments are effective in improving sensory neurovascular function and in reducing the time required for complete wound closure of full-thickness burn injury. Short-term vitamin E treatment was more effective in protecting against the development of hyperalgesia following nerve injury. An initial increase in wound size and in hyperalgesia was observed in the treated animals, and could reflect possible side effects of the antioxidant therapy and support the importance of free radicals in early stages of the repair process. The data, overall, support the notion that oxidative damage contributes to both primary and secondary ageing processes.
Progress in Applying the Three Rs to the Potency Testing of Botulinum Toxin Type A (2006)

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is being increasingly used for a range of therapeutic purposes and also for cosmetic reasons. For many years, the potency of BTA has been measured by using an LD50 assay in mice. This assay is a cause for concern due to its unpleasant nature and extreme severity, and the requirement for high numbers of mice to be used. Alternatives to this potency assay are presently reviewed with particular reference to the work at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), and to recent work by the UK manufacturer of the substance. An in vivo local paralysis assay with considerably less severity has been developed and is in use at the NIBSC. Alternative, ex vivo functional assays in use include the measurement of BTA-induced paralysis of neurally-stimulated rodent diaphragm or rat intercostal muscle. The latter method has the advantage of allowing more preparations to be derived from one animal. However, these ex vivo methods have not yet been fully validated and accepted by regulatory agencies as potency assays. Endopeptidase assays, although not measuring muscle paralysis directly, may provide a very useful consistency test for batch release and may replace the routine use of the LD50 test for that purpose. These assays measure the cleavage of the SNAP-25 protein (the final stage of BTA action), and have been validated for batch release by the National Control Laboratory (NIBSC), and are in regular use there. ELISA assays, used alongside the endopeptidase assay, also provide useful confirmatory information on the amounts of functional (and non-functional) BTA present. The UK manufacturer is further validating its endopeptidase assay, an ex vivo muscle assay and an ELISA. It is anticipated that their work will lead to a change in the product license, hopefully within the next two years, and will form a critical milestone towards the end of the LD50 potency test.
Room temperature sterilization of surfaces and fabrics with a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (1998)

We report the results of an interdisciplinary collaboration formed to assess the sterilizing capabilities of the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP). This newly-invented source of glow discharge plasma (the fourth state of matter) is capable of operating at atmospheric pressure in air and other gases, and of providing antimicrobial active species to surfaces and workpieces at room temperature as judged by viable plate counts. OAUGDP exposures have reduced log numbers of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and endospores from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis on seeded solid surfaces, fabrics, filter paper, and powdered culture media at room temperature. Initial experimental data showed a two-log10 CFU reduction of bacteria when 2 x 10(2) cells were seeded on filter paper. Results showed > or = 3 log10 CFU reduction when polypropylene samples seeded with E. coli (5 x 10(4)) were exposed, while a 30 s exposure time was required for similar killing with S. aureus-seeded polypropylene samples. The exposure times required to effect > or = 6 log10 CFU reduction of E. coli and S. aureus on polypropylene samples were no longer than 30 s. Experiments with seeded samples in sealed commercial sterilization bags showed little or no differences in exposure times compared to unwrapped samples. Plasma exposure times of less than 5 min generated > or = 5 log10 CFU reduction of commercially prepared Bacillus subtilis spores (1 x 10(5)); 7 min OAUGDP exposures were required to generate a > or = 3 log10 CFU reduction for Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. For all microorganisms tested, a biphasic curve was generated when the number of survivors vs time was plotted in dose-response cures. Several proposed mechanisms of killing at room temperature by the OAUGDP are discussed.
Characterization of the protein import apparatus in isolated outer envelopes of chloroplasts (1991)

Summary Isolated outer envelope membrane from pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplasts can be used in vitro to study binding and partial translocation of precursor proteins destined for the inside of the organelle. Efficient binding to a receptor protein on the outside of the membrane vesicle and generation of a translocation intermediate depends strictly on the presence of ATP. Protease treatment of the translocation intermediate demonstrates its insertion into the membrane. The membrane‐inserted precursor protein cannot be extracted by 1 M NaCl and is also NaOH resistant to a large extent. Mild solubilization of outer envelope membranes by detergent resulted in the isolation of a complex which still contained the precursor protein. We have identified a constitutively expressed homologue hsc 70 as part of this membrane complex. Antibodies against hsp 70 (inducible heat shock protein 70) were able to immuno‐precipitate the complex bound precursor protein. A second protein of 86 kDa molecular weight (OEP 86) from the outer envelope membrane was also identified as a major component of this complex.
Functional Diversity of Haloacid Dehalogenase Superfamily Phosphatases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015)

The haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like enzymes comprise a large superfamily of phosphohydrolases present in all organisms. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome encodes at least 19 soluble HADs, including 10 uncharacterized proteins. Here, we biochemically characterized 13 yeast phosphatases from the HAD superfamily, which includes both specific and promiscuous enzymes active against various phosphorylated metabolites and peptides with several HADs implicated in detoxification of phosphorylated compounds and pseudouridine. The crystal structures of four yeast HADs provided insight into their active sites, whereas the structure of the YKR070W dimer in complex with substrate revealed a composite substrate-binding site. Although the S. cerevisiae and Escherichia coli HADs share low sequence similarities, the comparison of their substrate profiles revealed seven phosphatases with common preferred substrates. The cluster of secondary substrates supporting significant activity of both S. cerevisiae and E. coli HADs includes 28 common metabolites that appear to represent the pool of potential activities for the evolution of novel HAD phosphatases. Evolution of novel substrate specificities of HAD phosphatases shows no strict correlation with sequence divergence. Thus, evolution of the HAD superfamily combines the conservation of the overall substrate pool and the substrate profiles of some enzymes with remarkable biochemical and structural flexibility of other superfamily members.
Amplification of femtosecond pulses in Er 3+ -doped single-mode optical fibres (1990)

Femtosecond pulse amplification in Er3+-doped single-mode optical fibres has been experimentally investigated. The effect of amplified pulse compression from 80 to 55 fs has been observed. The amplified pulse energy was evaluated as 5 nJ. Maximum gain for the amplified signal was 26 dB.
Brownian dynamics as smart Monte Carlo simulation (1978)

A new Monte Carlo simulation procedure is developed which is expected to produce more rapid convergence than the standard Metropolis method. The trial particle moves are chosen in accord with a Brownian dynamics algorithm rather than at random. For two model systems, a string of point masses joined by harmonic springs and a cluster of charged soft spheres, the new procedure is compared to the standard one and shown to manifest a more rapid convergence rate for some important energetic and structural properties.