gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Electrochemical Capacity of Precursor-Derived Si(B)CN-Carbon Nanotube Composite as Li-Ion Battery Anode (2012)

We study the electrochemical behavior of precursor-derived siliconboron carbonitride (Si(B)CN) ceramic and Si(B)CN coated-multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) composite as a lithium-ion battery anode. Reversible capacity of Si(B)CN was observed to be 138 mA h/g after 30 cycles, which is four times that of SiCN (∼25 mA h/g) processed under similar conditions, while the Si(B)CN-CNT composite showed further enhancement demonstrating 412 mA h/g after 30 cycles. Improved performance of Si(B)CN is attributed to the presence of boron that is known to modify SiCN’s nanodomain structure resulting in improved chemical stability and electronic conductivity. Post-cycling microscopy and chemical analysis of the anode revealed formation of a stable passivating layer, which resulted in stable cycling.
A gene for rabbit synovial cell collagenase: member of a family of metalloproteinases that degrades the connective tissue matrix (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA gene for rabbit synovial cell collagenase: member of a family of metalloproteinases that degrades the connective tissue matrixM. Elizabeth Fini, Izabela M. Plucinska, Anyce S. Mayer, Robert H. Gross, and Constance E. BrinckerhoffCite this: Biochemistry 1987, 26, 19, 6156–6165Publication Date (Print):September 22, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00393a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00393a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rational Design of Sulfonated A3 Adenosine Receptor-Selective Nucleosides as Pharmacological Tools To Study Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2013)

(N)-Methanocarba(bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane)adenosine derivatives were probed for sites of charged sulfonate substitution, which precludes diffusion across biological membranes, e.g., blood-brain barrier. Molecular modeling predicted that sulfonate groups on C2-phenylethynyl substituents would provide high affinity at both mouse (m) and human (h) A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), while a N(6)-p-sulfophenylethyl substituent would determine higher hA3AR vs mA3AR affinity. These modeling predictions, based on steric fitting of the binding cavity and crucial interactions with key residues, were confirmed by binding/efficacy studies of synthesized sulfonates. N(6)-3-Chlorobenzyl-2-(3-sulfophenylethynyl) derivative 7 (MRS5841) bound selectively to h/m A3ARs (Ki(hA3AR) = 1.9 nM) as agonist, while corresponding p-sulfo isomer 6 (MRS5701) displayed mixed A1/A3AR agonism. Both nucleosides administered ip reduced mouse chronic neuropathic pain that was ascribed to either A3AR or A1/A3AR using A3AR genetic deletion. Thus, rational design methods based on A3AR homology models successfully predicted sites for sulfonate incorporation, for delineating adenosine's CNS vs peripheral actions.
Liquid Crystalline Thermosets Based on Branched Bismethacrylates (1996)

Synthesis and characterization of a novel type of liquid crystalline thermoset (LCT) based on branched liquid crystalline (LC) bismethacrylate monomers are described. The characteristic structural feature of these branched LC bismethacrylates is the combination of three rigid units, namely a central biphenyl unit, prepared by reaction of 4,4‘-dihydroxybiphenyl with glycidyl methacrylate and pendant cyanobiphenyl mesogens, linked to the bismethacrylate via a spacer unit by esterification of the hydroxyl groups. The spacer between pendant mesogens and the central unit was varied. Both branched bismethacrylates with C5 and C11 spacers exhibited the formation of a nematic phase in the temperature range between 10 and 70 °C. LC properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, and wide angle X-ray diffraction. LC phases were stable for prolonged periods at ambient temperature. Nonmesogenic model compounds with a central biphenyl segment and C2 as well as C11 side chains that did not form LC phases were also prepared. The LC monomers were oriented by shearing as well as deposition on unidirectionally rubbed polyimide layers and were photo-cross-linked at ambient temperature to ordered thermosets in the LC state. Polarized FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to study the dichroism of the absorption bands in oriented samples of the cross-linked thermosets, which indicated an orientation of the lateral and the central biphenyl units in the drawing direction. Order parameters for cooriented dye were determined before and after cross-linking (0.54 and 0.48, respectively), using polarized UV/vis spectroscopy. Low polymerization shrinkage (2.5%), as well as high moduli, was obtained for the novel LC thermosets.
Insulin-like growth factor I inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells. (1994)

Experiments were designed to examine whether or not insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), which is produced by vascular cells in response to injury, affects the production of nitric oxide evoked by the inducible nitric oxide synthase in cultures of smooth muscle cells from the rat aorta. Nitric oxide production was assessed indirectly by the measurement of nitrite accumulation and nitric oxide synthase activity by determining the formation of L-citrulline from L-arginine. Nitric oxide synthase was induced in vascular smooth muscle cells that had been exposed to interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). IGF-I inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the production of nitrite and L-citrulline evoked by IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha. The inhibition caused by IGF-I required the presence of the growth factor during the induction of nitric oxide synthase. Two IGF-I-related proteins, IGF-II and insulin, also inhibited, but to a smaller extent, the release of nitrite and the formation of L-citrulline stimulated by IL-1 beta. Under bioassay conditions, the perfusates from columns containing IL-1 beta-treated smooth muscle cells relaxed rings of rat aorta without endothelium that had been contracted with phenylephrine; these relaxations were reversed by nitro-L-arginine. Addition of IL-1 beta-treated vascular smooth muscle cells to indomethacin-treated platelets inhibited their aggregation to thrombin; methylene blue prevented this inhibition. Control smooth muscle cells or cells exposed to IGF-I alone did not have such effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Taming the tiger (2015)

The signing of three trade agreements with Asian countries could see more Australian companies expand into the region in the coming year.
Highly selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase. 1. Imidazole derivatives (1981)

The structure--activity relationships of imidazole derivatives as inhibitors of thromboxane (TX) synthetase were investigated. Introduction of various substituents (e.g., one or two methyl groups, a halogen atom, a methylidene group, unsaturated bonds, or a phenylene group) into the alpha position or other positions in the carboxy-bearing side chain of 1-(7-carboxyheptyl)imidazole (15) was found to increase the inhibitory potency. The length of the side chains with the phenylene group was optimum for the inhibitory potency on TX synthetase in the region of 8.5-9.0 A. Among the tested imidazole derivatives, 1-(7-carboxy-7-methyl-2-octynyl)imidazole (47), 4-[3-(1-imidazolyl)-propyl]benzoic acid (50), and (E)-4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)cinnamic acid (54) and its alpha-methyl analogue (57) showed the highest potency with an IC50 in the range of 10(-8) to 10(-9) M. Inhibition by these derivatives was highly selective for the TX synthetase, since other enzymes such as fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase were not affected.
Ordered Polymer Microstructures Synthesized from Dispersions of Liquid Crystal Mesogens (2000)

Abstract We have manufactured highly ordered polymer spheres, rods and fibrils from reactive mesogens using a template synthesis approach. The structures were fabricated by photo-polymerizing reactive mesogens in confining templates (spherical and cylindrical) while in the nematic phase. The spheres were produced from suspensions of a mesogen in glycerol and the rods and fibrils by a confining template method. The dielectric and optical anisotropy of the liquid crystalline monomer is captured by photo-polymerization. The balls are Electro-Mechano-Optical (EIMO) in nature undergoing a mechanical reorientation in the presence of an applied electric field, and therefore may be useful for electro-optic applications. The fibrils possess unusual properties due to their anisotropy and can be used to produce mesoscopic structures by self assembly. We present a number of these novel structures and methods for their fabrication.
Robust time-delay control of multimode systems (2005)

This paper presents a procedure for the design of open loop controllers for flexible structures using multiple step inputs delayed in time. The controller attenuates the residual vibration by cancelling the complex poles of the system. Robustness is achieved by locating additional zeros at the cancelled poles of the system. The paper begins by addressing the control of a single mode and examines the effect of user selected time-delays on robustness and the reference input. Next a procedure for the design of robust time-delay controllers for multiple modes with user selected time-delays is considered. This is followed by a design of a minimum time-delay controller such that the step input magnitudes are constrained to values between 0 and 1. A single link flexible arm robot is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Biophysical analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering-derived structures of MeCP2–nucleosome complexes (2011)

MeCP2 is a highly abundant chromatin architectural protein with key roles in post-natal brain development in humans. Mutations in MeCP2 are associated with Rett syndrome, the main cause of mental retardation in girls. Structural information on the intrinsically disordered MeCP2 protein is restricted to the methyl-CpG binding domain; however, at least four regions capable of DNA and chromatin binding are distributed over its entire length. Here we use small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and other solution-state approaches to investigate the interaction of MeCP2 and a truncated, disease-causing version of MeCP2 with nucleosomes. We demonstrate that MeCP2 forms defined complexes with nucleosomes, in which all four histones are present. MeCP2 retains an extended conformation when binding nucleosomes without extra-nucleosomal DNA. In contrast, nucleosomes with extra-nucleosomal DNA engage additional DNA binding sites in MeCP2, resulting in a rather compact higher-order complex. We present ab initio envelope reconstructions of nucleosomes and their complexes with MeCP2 from SAXS data. SAXS studies also revealed unexpected sequence-dependent conformational variability in the nucleosomes themselves.
Treatment of chronically digoxin-poisoned patients with a newer digoxin immune fab--a retrospective study. (2010)

The newer DSAb appears to be a safe and effective treatment for resolving digoxin toxicity in adults, as indicated by electrocardiogram and clinical assessments. Because patients with multiple comorbidities may be at greater risk for digoxin toxicity, they should be closely monitored during treatment with digoxin.
Differential expression of genes in potato tubers after wounding (1988)

Tubers of a common tetraploid species of Solanum tuberosum (Granola) were mechanically wounded by slicing. After 18 hr only small differences were detectable in the pattern of the steady-state protein extracted from wounded versus unwounded tubers. In contrast the protein pattern obtained by in vitro translation of mRNA isolated from wounded and unwounded tubers differed significantly. A cDNA library was established and screened for wound-induced cDNA clones by differential hybridization. Two clones, wun-1 and wun-2, were found that corresponded to genes that were highly expressed in wounded potato tubers but were not expressed in unwounded tubers. The expression of the gene corresponding to wun-1 is detectable 30 min after wounding; the expression of the gene corresponding to wun-2 is detectable 4 hr after wounding. The expression of both genes (hereafter referred to as wun-1 and wun-2) remains constant for up to 24 hr after wounding. Interestingly the RNA corresponding to patatin, a major storage protein of potato tubers, behaves in the opposite way; it decreases dramatically in tubers within 30 min after wounding. The low level of patatin mRNA observed in unwounded roots and stems also disappears after wounding. Run-off transcription experiments, performed with isolated nuclei, indicate that the activation of the wound-induced genes as well as the inhibition of the patatin gene are controlled at the transcriptional level.
Correction of Alternative Splicing of Tau in Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism Linked to Chromosome 17 (2001)

Mutations in the human tau gene cause frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism associated with chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). One of the major disease mechanisms in FTDP-17 is the increased inclusion of tau exon 10 during pre-mRNA splicing. Here we show that modified oligonucleotides directed against the tau exon 10 splice junctions suppress inclusion of tau exon 10. The effect is mediated by the formation of a stable pre-mRNA-oligonucleotide hybrid, which blocks access of the splicing machinery to the pre-mRNA. Correction of tau splicing occurs in a tau minigene system and in endogenous tau RNA in neuronal pheochromocytoma cells and is specific to exon 10 of the tau gene. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exclusion of exon 10 has a physiological effect by increasing the ratio of protein lacking the microtubule-binding domain encoded by exon 10. As a consequence, the microtubule cytoskeleton becomes destabilized and cell morphology is altered. Our results demonstrate that alternative splicing defects of tau as found in FTDP-17 patients can be corrected by application of antisense oligonucleotides. These findings provide a tool to study specific tau isoforms in vivo and might lead to a novel therapeutic strategy for FTDP-17.
Restoration of Taxol Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Cells by the Cyclosporine SDZ PSC 833 and the Cyclopeptolide SDZ 280-446 (1993)

The combination of taxol with SDZ PSC 833 or SDZ 280-446 may be recommended for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.
Depression and sexual desire. (2000)

Decreased libido disproportionately affects patients with depression. The relationship between depression and decreased libido may be blurred, but treating one condition frequently improves the other. Medications used to treat depression may decrease libido and sexual function. Frequently, patients do not volunteer problems related to sexuality, and physicians rarely ask about such problems. Asking a depressed patient about libido and sexual function and tailoring treatment to minimize adverse effects on sexual function can significantly increase treatment compliance and improve the quality of the patient's life.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families by Phylogenetic Screening of the Human Genome Mapping Project Database (2000)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) were first identified almost 20 years ago, and since then numerous families have been described. It has, however, been difficult to obtain a good estimate of both the total number of independently derived families and their relationship to each other as well as to other members of the family Retroviridae. In this study, I used sequence data derived from over 150 novel HERVs, obtained from the Human Genome Mapping Project database, and a variety of recently identified nonhuman retroviruses to classify the HERVs into 22 independently acquired families. Of these, 17 families were loosely assigned to the class I HERVs, 3 to the class II HERVs and 2 to the class III HERVs. Many of these families have been identified previously, but six are described here for the first time and another four, for which only partial sequence information was previously available, were further characterized. Members of each of the 10 families are defective, and calculation of their integration dates suggested that most of them are likely to have been present within the human lineage since it diverged from the Old World monkeys more than 25 million years ago.
Utility of the Biosynthetic Folate Pathway for Targets in Antimicrobial Discovery (2014)

The need for new antimicrobials is great in face of a growing pool of resistant pathogenic organisms. This review will address the potential for antimicrobial therapy based on polypharmacological activities within the currently utilized bacterial biosynthetic folate pathway. The folate metabolic pathway leads to synthesis of required precursors for cellular function and contains a critical node, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which is shared between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The DHFR enzyme is currently targeted by methotrexate in anti-cancer therapies, by trimethoprim for antibacterial uses, and by pyrimethamine for anti-protozoal applications. An additional anti-folate target is dihyropteroate synthase (DHPS), which is unique to prokaryotes as they cannot acquire folate through dietary means. It has been demonstrated as a primary target for the longest standing antibiotic class, the sulfonamides, which act synergistically with DHFR inhibitors. Investigations have revealed most DHPS enzymes possess the ability to utilize sulfa drugs metabolically, producing alternate products that presumably inhibit downstream enzymes requiring the produced dihydropteroate. Recent work has established an off-target effect of sulfonamide antibiotics on a eukaryotic enzyme, sepiapterin reductase, causing alterations in neurotransmitter synthesis. Given that inhibitors of both DHFR and DHPS are designed to mimic their cognate substrate, which contain shared substructures, it is reasonable to expect such "off-target" effects. These inhibitors are also likely to interact with the enzymatic neighbors in the folate pathway that bind products of the DHFR or DHPS enzymes and/or substrates of similar substructure. Computational studies designed to assess polypharmacology reiterate these conclusions. This leads to hypotheses exploring the vast utility of multiple members of the folate pathway for modulating cellular metabolism, and includes an appealing capacity for prokaryotic-specific polypharmacology for antimicrobial applications.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cognition (2001)

In women with menopausal symptoms, HRT may have specific cognitive effects, and future studies should target these effects. The meta-analysis found a decreased risk of dementia in HRT users but most studies had important methodological limitations.
Diversity‐oriented approaches for interrogating T‐cell receptor repertoire, ligand recognition, and function (2012)

Molecular diversity lies at the heart of adaptive immunity. T-cell receptors and peptide-major histocompatibility complex molecules utilize and rely upon an enormous degree of diversity at the levels of genetics, chemistry, and structure to engage one another and carry out their functions. This high level of diversity complicates the systematic study of important aspects of T-cell biology, but recent technical advances have allowed for the ability to study diversity in a comprehensive manner. In this review, we assess insights gained into T-cell receptor function and biology from our increasingly precise ability to assess the T-cell repertoire as a whole or to perturb individual receptors with engineered reagents. We conclude with a perspective on a new class of high-affinity, non-stimulatory peptide ligands we have recently discovered using diversity-oriented techniques that challenges notions for how we think about T-cell receptor signaling.
Searching for the Center of an Ellipse. (2005)

Biedl et al.[1] first posed the problem of finding the center of a circle, starting from a point on the boundary, using a limited number of operations. We solve an open problem, presented in their work: finding the center of an ellipse. We present new algorithms for finding the center of the ellipse and provide results of experiments showing how these algorithms perform under the introduction of errors.
The In Planta-Produced Extracellular Proteins ECP1 and ECP2 of Cladosporium fulvum Are Virulence Factors (1997)

The two extracellular proteins ECP1 and ECP2 are abundantly secreted by the plant-pathogenic fungus Cladosporium fulvum during colonization of the intercellular space of tomato leaves. We examined the involvement of both proteins in pathogenicity and virulence of this fungus. ECP1-deficient, ECP2-deficient, and ECP1/ECP2- deficient isogenic C. fulvum strains were created by targeted gene replacement. Upon inoculation onto susceptible 6-week-old tomato plants, all three mutants showed reduced virulence. Deficiency in ECP2 resulted in a strain that poorly colonized the leaf tissue and secreted lower amounts of the in planta-produced ECP3, AVR4, and AVR9 proteins than the wild-type strain. The ECP2-deficient strain produced little emerging mycelium and few conidia. Deficiency in ECP1 did not significantly modify colonization of the leaf tissue, but reduced secretion of in planta-produced proteins. The ECP1-deficient strain emerged from stomata of the lower epidermis, but failed to sporulate as abundantly as the wild-type strain. A strain deficient in both ECP1 and ECP2 proteins had a phenotype similar to that of the ECP2-deficient strain. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins and induction of late responses, such as leaf desiccation and abscission, occurred more quickly and more severely in tomato after inoculation with the ECP1-, ECP2-, and ECP1/ECP2-deficient strains than after inoculation with the wild-type strain. Moreover, partial collapse of stomatal guard cells occurred at emergence of the ECP2-deficient strain. These results indicate that the ECP1 and ECP2 proteins play a role in virulence of C. fulvum on tomato and suggest that both are involved in suppression of host defense responses.
Interactive Television: A Comprehensive Guide for Multimedia Technologies (1994)

This guide offers an insider's firsthand account of concepts, design approaches and technology requirements for interactive TV, advanced multimedia and video on demand (VOD) systems. It examines each of these emerging technologies in detail, covering architectural standards; storage and compatibility requirements; image compression technologies; the cost consequences of true versus near VOD; switching and traffic control management; user interfaces; and what the future holds in this new area of technology.