gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Über Derivate des [p‐Methylphenylhydrazon]‐mesoxalsäuredimethylesters (1907)

s o n d e r n d e r einw e r t i g e 1-N-Imido-2.5 -d i m e t h y l p y r r o l -3.4d i c a r b o n s a u r ae s t e r k om p l e x hangt.Unsere heutige Untersudung beschiiftigt sich mit solchen Derivaten der M a l o n s i i u r e h y d r a z i d e , in denen die beiden Wasserstoffatome der mittelsttindigen Methylengruppe durch den z w e iw e r t i g e n H y d r a z o n r e s t = N.NH.R ersetzt sind.Derartige PrHparate: H y d r a z i d e d e r Mes oxalsiiur ea r y 1h y d r a z o n e , werden am einfachsten hergestellt, wenn man tinter geeigneten Bedingungen H y d r a z i n b y d r r t t einwirken IiiBt auf die aus D i a z on i u m s alz 1 iisu ng e n nnd M a l o n s 5iu r e e s t e r-so 1 u t i o n ge- wonnenen Kombinationen.Als Ausgangsmaterial verwandten wir den von Billow und G a n gh o f era) beschriebenen [p-Me t h y 1 p h e n y 1 h y d r a z on]m e s o xals iiur ed i m e t h y l e s t e r .Es gelang uns, unter Anwendung verschiedener Versuchsbedingungen aus ihm und H y d r a z i n , in alkoholischen Losungen, alle drei theoretisch moglichen Kondensationsprodukte zu erhalten : 1. das [ p -Me t h y 1 p hen y 1 h y d r a z on] -me8 ox als iiur eni o n 0methylestermonohydrazid,
Immunotherapy of bladder cancer using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with human lymphocyte antigen-A24-specific MAGE-3 peptide. (2001)

Recent investigations have demonstrated the efficacy of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with tumor antigens to generate tumor-specific CTLs against cancer cells. Melanoma antigens (MAGE) are a family of tumor-specific antigens shown to be expressed in various tumors, including bladder cancers and melanoma, but not in normal tissues except for the testis. Because invasive bladder cancers are frequently reported to express MAGE, we explored the possibility of establishing a new immunotherapeutic modality against advanced bladder cancer using autologous DCs pulsed with one of the MAGE-3 epitope peptides (IMPKAGLLI), which is synthesized to bind specifically to HLA-A24. A MAGE-3-expressing bladder cancer cell line, FY, was newly established from a lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer in a HLA-A24+ patient. The FY cell-specific CTL response was significantly higher when CTL was induced by autologous DCs pulsed with IMPKAGLLI than by FY cells alone or by nonpulsed DCs in vitro. A total of four HLA-A24+ patients with advanced MAGE-3+ bladder cancers were treated with s.c. injections of autologous DCs pulsed with IMPKAGLLI every 2 weeks for a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 18 times. Three of four patients showed significant reductions in the size of lymph node metastases and/or liver metastasis. No significant untoward side effects were noted in these patients. This study indicated that, at sometime in the future, tumor-specific DC-based cancer immunotherapy may be useful as an additional treatment modality against advanced bladder cancer.
Characterization of a Polarized Porcine Uterine Epithelial Model System1 (1996)

A porcine uterine epithelial cell (pUE) culture system that retains structural and functional properties of the surface epithelium in vivo was developed. Uterine luminal epithelial cells were isolated after pancreatin-dispase enzymatic release of epithelium from hysterectomized gilts. Cells were seeded on Millicell filters precoated with Matrigel in 24-well plates and subsequently allowed to proliferate to confluence. Purity of the isolation was confirmed by the presence of > 99% cytokeratin-positive cells. Epithelial cells became polarized in vitro and compared favorably in morphology to uterine epithelial cells in situ once a transepithelial resistance of > 600 omega cm2 was established. Microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of a simple columnar epithelium with prominent microvilli on the apical cell surface and a well-developed junctional complex containing tight junctions, belt and spot desmosomes, and interdigitating lateral cell processes. Indirect immunofluorescence of the tight junction-associated protein, ZO-1, indicated the formation of tight junctional complexes in the subapical region of the polarized cells. Functional polarity of epithelial cultures was also verified by 1) electrical resistance measurements, 2) basal preference for the secretion of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2, 3) apical preference for the release of 35S-methionine-incorporated secretory proteins, and 4) apically and basally distinct secretory protein profiles. Steroid treatment (estrogen, progesterone, or estrogen plus progesterone) of the polarized pUE cells affected the release of radiolabeled methionine-incorporated secretory proteins. In addition, the protein profiles as compared to samples treated with fetal bovine serum or charcoal/dextran-stripped fetal bovine serum were altered. Steroid treatments did not alter the electrical resistance or the basal preference for prostaglandin secretion. This culture system may be useful for in vitro analysis of maternal recognition of pregnancy paradigms as well as the study of the direct actions of hormones, prostaglandin secretion, and epithelial-stromal interactions.
Nitrocellulose from Wood Pulp (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrocellulose from Wood PulpR. G. Woodbridge Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1920, 12, 4, 380–384Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1920https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50124a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50124a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Intergeneric Phylogenetic Relationships of Swallows Estimated by DNA-DNA Hybridization (1993)

The phylogeny of the subfamily Hirundininae was estimated by hybridizing single-copy nuclear DNAs of 21 swallow species, representing 19 former and current genera, and a Tufted Titmouse (Parus bicolor) as outgroup. The phylogeny, which was unusually well resolved, consisted of three fundamental clades: Hirundo and allies, core martins, and African sawwings. The clade of Hirundo and allies comprised Hirundo rustica, Ptyonoprogne fuligula, Delichon urbica, Cecropis semirufa, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, and P. spilodera. The sister-group of Hirundo and allies was the core martin clade, which consisted largely of endemic New World taxa (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca, Neochelidon tibialis, Atticora fasciata, Phaeoprogne tapera, Progne chalybea, Haplochelidon andecola, Stelgidopteryx ruficollis, and Tachycineta bicolor) and some basally branching Old World groups (Riparia riparia, R. cincta, Phedina borbonica, Pseudhirundo griseopyga, and Cheramoeca leucosternus). The African sawwings (represented by Psalidoprocne holomelas) formed the sister group of the core martins and Hirundo and allies. Among some interesting discoveries, we found a close relationship between the monotypic African and Australian genera Pseudhirundo and Cheramoeca. We also found that Delichon, which has persisted in the nomenclature as a genus separate from Hirundo, is monophyletic with taxa that are commonly considered to be members of Hirundo. On the other hand, Haplochelidon andecola, which is often considered to be a Hirundo or Petrochelidon, is not closely related to those genera, but instead lies among the New World members of the core martin clade.
Candidate Recombinant Vaccine for Human B19 Parvovirus (1993)

Recombinant baculoviruses were used to produce human B19 parvovirus empty capsids composed of only VP2 and VP2 capsids containing 4%, 25%, 35%, or 41% VP1 protein. Immunogenicity of the purified capsids, formulated with or without adjuvant, was evaluated in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. Sera were analyzed for total anti-B19 parvovirus antibodies, antibodies specific to the region unique to the VP1 capsid protein, and virus neutralizing antibodies. A relationship was observed between the development of antibodies specific to sequences unique to the VP1 protein and virus neutralization. The polypeptide composition of the empty capsid immunogens appeared to be important for elicitation of potent virus neutralizing activity. VP2 capsid immunogens devoid of VP1 protein, or consisting of only 4% VP1, the composition of naturally occurring virions, were generally poor at eliciting high levels of virus neutralizing activity. Capsids consisting of > or = 25% VP1 protein efficiently and consistently provoked vigorous B19 virus neutralizing responses. Recombinant empty capsids enriched for the VP1 protein should serve as the basis for a human B19 parvovirus vaccine.
Behavioral modeling of narrowband microwave power amplifiers with applications in simulating spectral regrowth (2002)

A new behavioral model for narrowband microwave power amplifiers is proposed. Analytic expressions for the gain compression (AM-AM) and amplitude dependent phase distortion (AM-PM) of a nonlinear amplifier are derived from a third-order Volterra series model. The cases of a single-tone and of a two-tone signal are explored. We show that the gain compression characteristics of nonlinear amplifiers depend on the amplitude modulation characteristics of the signal. Furthermore, we show that the time-averaged phase deviation is independent of the modulation envelope. This justifies the new model proposed for obtaining the envelope transfer characteristics by applying the Bessel-Fourier technique only to the AM-AM characteristic. This model is verified by comparing spectral regrowth simulations of digitally-modulated signals to those measured in a 1.9 GHz GaAs FET power amplifier.
A Stepwise Increase in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Dosing During Puberty Achieves Improved Pubertal Growth: A National Cooperative Growth Study Report (2009)

Stepwise increases in rhGH improved pubertal height gain when compared to a fixed dose and may represent an alternate approach to managing the patient during puberty.
Angiopoietins 3 and 4: Diverging gene counterparts in mice and humans (1999)

The angiopoietins have recently joined the members of the vascular endothelial growth factor family as the only known growth factors largely specific for vascular endothelium. The angiopoietins include a naturally occurring agonist, angiopoietin-1, as well as a naturally occurring antagonist, angiopoietin-2, both of which act by means of the Tie2 receptor. We now report our attempts to use homology-based cloning approaches to identify new members of the angiopoietin family. These efforts have led to the identification of two new angiopoietins, angiopoietin-3 in mouse and angiopoietin-4 in human; we have also identified several more distantly related sequences that do not seem to be true angiopoietins, in that they do not bind to the Tie receptors. Although angiopoietin-3 and angiopoietin-4 are strikingly more structurally diverged from each other than are the mouse and human versions of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2, they appear to represent the mouse and human counterparts of the same gene locus, as revealed in our chromosomal localization studies of all of the angiopoietins in mouse and human. The structural divergence of angiopoietin-3 and angiopoietin-4 appears to underlie diverging functions of these counterparts. Angiopoietin-3 and angiopoietin-4 have very different distributions in their respective species, and angiopoietin-3 appears to act as an antagonist, whereas angiopoietin-4 appears to function as an agonist.
Vaginal microbicides: detecting toxicities in vivothat paradoxically increase pathogen transmission (2006)

This mouse HSV-2 model provides a sensitive method to detect microbicide-induced toxicities that increase susceptibility to infection. In this model, there was no concentration at which detergents provided protection without significantly increasing susceptibility.
Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Promote the In Vitro Development of Human Allergen-Specific CD4+ T Cells into Th1 Effectors (1999)

DNA vaccination is an effective approach in inducing the switch of murine immune responses from a Th2 to a Th1 profile of cytokine production that has been related to the activity of unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial, but not mammalian, DNA. We report here that some synthetic phosphorothioate, but not phosphodiester, oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were able to induce B cell proliferation and to shift the in vitro differentiation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 1-specific human CD4+ T cells from atopic donors into Th cell effectors showing a prevalent Th1, instead of Th2, cytokine profile. This latter effect was completely blocked by the neutralization of IL-12 and IFN (alpha and gamma) in bulk culture, suggesting that the Th1-inducing activity of phosphorothioate ODNs was mediated by their ability to stimulate the production of these cytokines by monocytes, dendritic, and NK cells. Cytosine methylation abolished the Th1-inducing activity of ODNs; however, CpG dinucleotide-containing ODNs exhibited the Th1-shifting effect independently of the presence or the absence of CpG motifs (5'-pur-pur-CpG-pyr-pyr-3'). Moreover, the inversion of CpG to GpC resulted only in a partial reduction of this activity, suggesting that the motif responsible for the Th1-skewing effect in humans is at least partially different from that previously defined in mice. These results support the concept that the injection of allergens mixed to, or conjugated with, appropriate ODNs may provide a novel allergen-specific immunotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of allergic disorders.
Covalent Attachment of Arc Repressor Subunits by a Peptide Linker Enhances Affinity for Operator DNA (1996)

By designing a recombinant gene containing tandem copies of the arc coding sequence with intervening DNA encoding the linker sequence GGGSGGGTGGGSGGG, the two subunits of the P22 Are repressor dimer have been covalently linked to form a single-chain protein called Arc-L1-Arc. The 15-residue linker joins the C-terminus of one monomer to the N-terminus of the second, a distance of approximately 45 A in the Arc-operator cocrystal structure. Arc-L1-Arc is expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli, with no evidence of degradation or proteolytic clipping of the linker, and is more active than wild-type Arc in repression assays. The purified Arc-L1-Arc protein has the molecular weight expected for the designed protein and unfolds cooperatively, reversibly, and with no concentration dependence in thermal-denaturation studies. Arc-L1-Arc protects operator DNA in a manner indistinguishable from that of wild-type Arc in DNase I and copper-phenanthroline footprinting studies, but the covalent attachment of the two monomers results in enhanced affinity for operator DNA. Arc-L1-Arc binds operator DNA half-maximally at a concentration of 1.7 pM, compared with the wild-type value of 185 pM, and also binds DNA fragments containing the left or right operator half-sites more tightly than wild type. Because wild-type Arc is monomeric at sub-nanomolar concentrations and must dimerize before binding to the operator, it was anticipated that Arc-L1-Arc would exhibit a lower half-maximal binding concentration. However, even when the change from a monomeric to a dimeric species is taken into account, the affinity of Arc-L1-Arc for operator and half-operator DNA is greater than the wild-type affinity. This tighter binding appears to result from slower dissociation, as Arc-L1-Arc DNA complexes with full or half-site operators dissociate at rates 5-10 times slower than the corresponding Arc--DNA complexes. Hence, the activity of the designed Arc-L1-Arc protein is substantially increased relative to wild-type Arc in a variety of assays.
Endocrine Factors in Common Epithelial Ovarian Cancer* (1991)

THE OVARIES are specialized organs of reproduction, liberating gametes for fertilization and producing hormones, which may act in various genital and nongenital tissues. A number of different cell types are present in the functioning ovary: epithelial cells, stromal cells, and germ cells. Although all cell types may undergo malignant transformation, the vast majority of neoplastic ovarian tumors are of the epithelial type, and it is this type of tumor that will be discussed in this paper. Epithelial ovarian tumors are derived from the surface epithelium of the ovary, which is the adult equivalent of the mesothelium of the embryonic gonad (Müllerian epithelium). There is a close relationship between epithelial tumors and the Müllerian epithelium. Serous tumors resemble the epithelium of the Fallopian tube; endometrioid and clear cell tumors resemble the endometrium; and mucinous tumors resemble the endocervical epithelium. In females, ovarian cancer accounts for 4% of cancers and 6% of cancer deaths (1). The mortality rate from ovarian cancer is higher than for cervical and endometrial cancer combined. Current treatment of ovarian cancer consists of surgery, usually followed by cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy (2).
CD8− DCs induce IL-12–independent Th1 differentiation through Delta 4 Notch-like ligand in response to bacterial LPS (2007)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation is believed to skew T cell responses toward T helper (Th)1 differentiation by inducing interleukin (IL)-12 secretion by CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs). However, TLR-dependent Th1 responses occur in the absence of IL-12. To determine how DCs induce Th1 differentiation in the absence of IL-12, we examined the response of IL-12-deficient DCs to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We find that LPS activates MyD88-dependent Delta 4 Notch-like ligand expression by CD8(-) DCs, and that these cells direct Th1 differentiation by an IL-12-independent and Notch-dependent mechanism in vitro and in vivo. Thus, activation of the two DC subsets by TLR4 leads to Th1 responses by two distinct MyD88-dependent pathways.
Use of Highly Acid-Soluble Chelating Agents in Well Stimulation Services (2000)

Abstract Chelating agents are materials that are used to control undesirable reactions of metal ions. In oilfield chemical treatments, chelating agents are frequently added to stimulation acids to prevent precipitation of solids as the acid spends on the formation being treated. These precipitates include iron hydroxide and iron sulfide. In addition, chelating agents are used as components in many scale removal/prevention formulations. Two different types of chelating agents are in use: polycarboxylic acids (including polyaminopolycarboxylic acids) and phosphonates. Chelating formulations based on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have been used extensively to control iron precipitation and to remove scale. Formulations based on nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acids (DTPA) also are in use. Each of these materials has problems: 1) EDTA has low solubility in hydrochloric acid and is not readily biodegradable in standard laboratory tests. 2) NTA is acid soluble and biodegradable, but has a lower stability constant for iron than EDTA (or DTPA) and is considered to be an animal carcinogen. This report describes the search for the "universal" or "ideal" chelating agent for use in oilfield services. The materials evaluated include hydroxy-aminopolycarboxylic acids (HACA) such as hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) and hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA) as well as other types of chelating agents.
Enhancement of a fra(16)(q22) with distamycin A: A family ascertained through an abnormal proposita (1983)

A family in which a fragile site at 16q22 was segregating was ascertained through a newborn infant with multiple anomalies. The same fragile site was present in the phenotypically normal father and in a brother with cleft palate. The fra(16)(q22) was similar in appearance, and in response to culture conditions, to that reported by other investigators, including increased breakage in media supplemented with distamycin A. Sampling variation in the frequency of breakage over time may be considerable in some individuals. No pattern of anomalies was found to be associated with the fragile site. However, the reproductive history of the family we report (two livebirths with major congenital anomalies and one stillbirth) suggests caution in concluding fra(16)(q22) is not deleterious.
Subcutaneous Veltuzumab, a Humanized Anti-CD20 Antibody, in the Treatment of Refractory Pemphigus Vulgaris (2014)

IMPORTANCE B-cell depletion with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab is highly effective for pemphigus vulgaris (PV) treatment. However,most patients experience relapse, and intravenous rituximab infusions are expensive. Therefore, cost-effective anti-CD20 therapies are desirable.OBSERVATIONS A compassionate-use investigational new drug protocol was approved to administer veltuzumab, a second-generation humanized anti-CD20 antibody, to a patient with refractory PV. Veltuzumab was administered as two 320-mg (188mg/m2) subcutaneous doses 2 weeks apart, resulting in complete remission of disease off therapy. The disease relapsed 2 years after treatment. A second cycle of subcutaneous veltuzumab, using the same dosage regimen, again induced complete remission off therapy, which remained at9 months. No serious adverse events occurred during 35 months of follow-up. Serum veltuzumab levels were 22 and 29 μg/mL 2 weeks after the first dose of each cycle, and the drug remained detectable in the serum for longer than 3 months. Relapse and response to veltuzumab generally correlated with desmoglein 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay index values. Shortly after a relapse that occurred after a long-term remission, the patient demonstrated an elevated naive (CD19+CD27−) to memory (CD19+CD27+) B-cell ratio of 19.5 and transitional (CD19+CD24+CD38+) B-cell frequency of 12.5%.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Subcutaneous veltuzumab may be a safe, effective, and more economical alternative to intravenous rituximab for PV therapy. Clinical trials of subcutaneous veltuzumab for PV are warranted.
Demonstration of population inversion by resonant photopumping in a neon gas cell irradiated by a sodiumZpinch (1992)

The broadband radiation emitted from a NaZ pinch is used to photoionize Ne to the He-like ground state and radiation from the Na 1${\mathit{s}}^{2}$-1s2p $^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition is used to resonantly photoexcite the Ne 1${\mathit{s}}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$1s4p $^{1}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition. Time-resolved and time-integrated spectral measurements of the Ne K-shell emission demonstrate the first population inversion driven by a Z pinch. This is the first experiment in any medium to demonstrate a soft-x-ray inversion pumped solely by resonant photoexcitation.