gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus ventriculitis treated with single-dose intraventricular vancomycin or daptomycin (LY146032): bacterial and antibiotic kinetics in hydrocephalic rabbits (1990)

Vancomycin and a new antibiotic, daptomycin (LY146032), were tested in vitro and in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo tests were performed with rabbits with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus. Five groups of rabbits were studied: untreated ventriculitis, intraventricular vancomycin only, and ventriculitis treated with intraventricular vancomycin (30 micrograms or 120 micrograms) or daptomycin (7.5 micrograms). Results of this study were as follows. (i) S. aureus demonstrated static growth in cerebrospinal fluid in vitro and in ventriculitis at a maximum titer of 10(5) to 10(6) CFU/ml. (ii) In vitro time kill curves in cerebrospinal fluid matched those in vivo. (iii) Single-dose intraventricular vancomycin did not lower S. aureus concentrations over 8 h, whereas daptomycin did. (iv) Ventriculitis did not significantly alter the clearance of intraventricular vancomycin. (v) Intraventricular half-lives were approximately 2.8 h (maximum) for vancomycin and 4.5 h for daptomycin. (vi) Vancomycin was detectable in the periventricular white matter only in the presence of ventriculitis. Daptomycin was also detectable in the periventricular white matter of rabbits with ventriculitis, but in amounts too small to quantitate. We concluded that daptomycin achieved greater bactericidal activity, more rapid killing kinetics, and a longer half-life in the ventricle than vancomycin did in this model.
T Cells and T-Cell Cytokine Transcripts in the Synovial Membrane in Patients with Osteoarthritis (1998)

The synovial membrane in osteoarthritis (OA) often exhibits inflammatory infiltrates, but the role of T cells in these infiltrates is not known. T-cell activation antigens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and T-cell cytokine transcripts were measured by competitive PCR in synovial membranes from patients with OA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lymphoid cell aggregates, containing primarily CD3+ T lymphocytes, were found in 65% of patients with OA. Mononuclear cells expressing the activation antigens CD69, CD25, CD38, CD43, CD45RO, and HLA class II were present in both patient groups, although in higher numbers in patients with RA. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) transcripts were found in 10 of 18 patients with OA versus 12 of 13 patients with RA (P = 0.03). Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcripts were detected in 9 of 18 patients with OA versus 10 of 13 patients with RA (not significant), whereas IL-10 transcripts were found in nearly all patients. IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in any patients. The levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 transcripts, normalized for T-cell number equivalents, were not statistically different between OA and RA, but the levels of IFN-gamma, normalized for total cell number equivalents, were lower in OA than in RA (P = 0.01). Synovial membranes that expressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma transcripts were more likely to have heavier infiltrations of T cells and cells bearing activation markers than synovial membranes that did not express these cytokines. The presence of activated T cells and TH1 cytokine transcripts in chronic joint lesions of patients with OA suggests that T cells contribute to chronic inflammation in a large proportion of these patients.
Relationship between B7-H4, Regulatory T Cells, and Patient Outcome in Human Ovarian Carcinoma (2007)

B7-H4 is a recently identified B7 family member. We previously showed that ovarian tumor and associated macrophages expressed B7-H4; tumor B7-H4+ macrophages and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppressed tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell immunity. To determine the pathologic relationship between B7-H4, macrophages, and Treg cells in the tumor environment, in addition to Treg cell numbers, we quantified B7-H4 expression in the tumor and tumor-associated macrophages in 103 patients with ovarian carcinoma. We observed that the intensity of B7-H4 expression in macrophages was significantly correlated with Treg cell numbers in the tumor. Further, both Treg cells and macrophage B7-H4, but not tumor B7-H4, were negatively associated with patient outcome. Tumor Treg cells enabled macrophages to spontaneously produce interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6. Tumor macrophages stimulated B7-H4 expression in an autocrine manner through IL-10 and IL-6. Our previous work showed that tumor-associated macrophages spontaneously produced chemokine CCL22 to mediate Treg cell trafficking into tumor, and Treg cells induced B7-H4 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) including macrophages. Altogether, our data support the concept that there is a mechanistic interaction between Treg cells and macrophage, and that Treg cells may convey the suppressive activity to APCs through B7-H4 induction in human ovarian cancer.
Epithelial integrin alpha 6 beta 4: complete primary structure of alpha 6 and variant forms of beta 4. (1990)

The integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is a heterodimer predominantly expressed by epithelia. While no definite receptor function has yet been assigned to it, this integrin may mediate adhesive and/or migratory functions of epithelial cells. We have determined the complete primary structure of both the alpha 6 and beta 4 subunits from cDNA clones isolated from pancreatic carcinoma cell line libraries. The deduced amino acid sequence of alpha 6 is homologous to other integrin alpha chains (18-26% identity). Antibodies to an alpha 6 carboxy terminus peptide immunoprecipitated alpha 6 beta 4 complexes from carcinoma cells and alpha 6 beta 1 complexes from platelets, providing further evidence for the association of alpha 6 with more than one beta subunit. The deduced amino acid sequence of beta 4 predicts an extracellular portion homologous to other integrin beta chains, and a unique cytoplasmic domain comprised of greater than 1,000 residues. This agrees with the structures of the beta 4 cDNAs from normal epithelial cells (Suzuki, S., and Y. Naitoh. 1990. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J. 9:757-763; Hogervost, F., I. Kuikman, A. E. G. Kr. von dem Borne, and A. Sonnenberg. 1990. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J. 9:765-770). Compared to these structures, however, the beta 4 cDNAs that we have cloned from carcinoma cells contain extra sequences. One of these is located in the 5'-untranslated region, and may encode regulatory sequences. Another specifies a segment of 70 amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail. Amplification by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of mRNA indicated that multiple forms of beta 4 may exist, possibly due to cell-type specific alternative splicing. The unique structure of beta 4 suggests its involvement in novel cytoskeletal interactions. Consistent with this possibility, alpha 6 beta 4 is mostly concentrated on the basal surface of epithelial cells, but does not colocalize with components of adhesion plaques.
Guide to Health Informatics, 2Ed (2003)

This brilliant guide to medical informatics is an easy to read overview of the basic concepts of information and communication technologies in healthcare. Not only does the book cover the complexities and implications of the increasing use of information technology in healthcare, but it also explores the basic principles of informatics that govern
Endothall thioanhydride inhibits protein phosphatases-1 and -2A in vivo (1995)

The objective of this study was to relate the toxicity of several cantharidin-derivative pesticides with their abilities to inhibit protein phosphatases-1 (PP1) and -2A (PP2A). Cantharidin (CA), endothall, and endothall thioanhydride (ETA) inhibited the activity of PP1 and PP2A, and the potency sequence was CA > endothall > ETA in vitro. We determined the inhibitory potency of these pesticides on hepatic protein phosphatases by administration of the toxins into the portal vein of rats. The potency sequence of ETA > CA > endothall was established for the inhibition of PP1 and PP2A in vivo and shows close correlation with the sequence of relative toxicity. ETA predominantly targets PP1 for inhibition in liver, as revealed by assays specific for PP1 or PP2A. Studies using 3T3 fibroblasts showed that only ETA, but not CA or endothall, induced marked morphological changes. These effects included cell rounding and detachment as well as extensive reorganization of actin filaments and are characteristic for the cell-permeable phosphatase-inhibitory toxins. It is suggested that the in vivo effectiveness is related to enhanced uptake of ETA, because this is permeable across the plasmalemma.
Laser capture microdissection and microarray expression analysis of lung adenocarcinoma reveals tobacco smoking- and prognosis-related molecular profiles. (2002)

Recent expression profile analyses revealed that lung adenocarcinomas can be divided into several subgroups with diverse pathological features. Because cellular heterogeneity of tumors can confound these analyses, we used laser capture microdissection and microarray expression analysis to characterize the molecular profiles of lung adenocarcinomas. We found 45 genes delineating smokers and nonsmokers that were located at chromosomal loci frequently altered in non-small cell lung cancers, and 27 genes, which were differentially expressed between survivors and nonsurvivors 5 years after surgery. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal expression of genes involved in maintaining the mitotic spindle checkpoint and genomic stability, e.g., hBUB3, hZW10, and APC2, contribute to the molecular pathogenesis and tumor progression of tobacco smoke-induced adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Transmit selection diversity technique in the MIMO-OFDM systems for HSDPA (2005)

To support the increasing requirement for additional services demanding very high bit rates and higher system capacity, high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is provided in the UMTS standard. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a technology that has been shown to be well suited to HSDPA for high data rate transmission. Selective transmit diversity is a well-known technique to combat the detrimental effects of multipath fading and obtain diversity gain from multiple antennas. We consider transmit selection diversity applied to the OFDM-HSDPA system. The proposed OFDM architecture adopts antenna selection diversity and a novel groupwise subcarrier allocation algorithm in closed-loop mode. In the conventional closed-loop mode, user equipment (UE) should feed back channel quality information (CQI) bits for each associated subcarrier, and there may be a lot of feedback information. We try to reduce the feedback bandwidth compared to previous allocation methods while the system performance should not be degraded by grouping adjacent subcarriers. Through simulation results, we found that the throughput, capacity, coverage and reliability can be dramatically increased by employing the proposed scheme.
Large-scale localization from wireless signal strength (2005)

In Proc. of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2005. Knowledge of the physical locations of mobile devices such as laptops or PDA’s is becoming increasingly important with the rise of location-based services such as specialized web search, navigation, and social network applications; further-more, location information is a key foundation for high-level activity inferencing. In this paper we propose a novel tech-nique for accurately estimating the locations of mobile de-vices and their wearers from wireless signal strengths. Our technique estimates time-varying device locations on a spa-tial connectivity graph whose outdoor edges correspond to streets and whose indoor edges represent hallways, staircases, elevators, etc. Use of a hierarchical Bayesian framework for learning a signal strength sensor model allows us not only to achieve higher accuracy than existing approaches, but to over-come many of their limitations. In particular, our technique is able to (1) seamlessly integrate new access points into the model, (2) make use of negative information (not detecting an access point), and (3) bootstrap a sensor model from sparse training data. Experiments demonstrate various properties of our system.
Maze routing with buffer insertion and wiresizing (2000)

We propose an elegant formulation of the Maze Routing with Buffer Insertion and Wiresizing pr oblem as a graph-the oretic shortest path problem. This formulation provides time and space performance improvements over previously proposed dynamic-programming based techniques. R outing c onstr aints such as wiring obstacles and restrictions on buffer locations and types are easily inc orporated in the formulation. Furthermore, efficient softwar e routines solving shortest path problems in existing graph applic ation libraries can be applied. We construct a BP-Graph such that the length of every path in this graph is e qual to the Elmore delay. Therefore, finding the minimum Elmore delay path becomes a finite shortest path problem. The buffer choices and insertion locations are repr esente d as the vertices in the BP-Graph. The inter connect wir es are sized by constructing a look-up table for buffer-to-buffer wir esizing solutions. We also provide a technique that is able to tremendously improve the runtime. Experiments show improvements over previously proposed methods.
Role of Expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase in Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2004)

These data suggest that FAK plays an important role in promoting tumor progression, especially vascular invasion, in HCC. FAK could play an important role in HCC progression and would be a novel target for HCC therapeutics as well as a prognostic marker.
Self-Assembly of Ordered, Robust, Three-Dimensional Gold Nanocrystal/Silica Arrays (2004)

We report the synthesis of a new nanocrystal (NC) mesophase through self-assembly of water-soluble NC micelles with soluble silica. The mesophase comprises gold nanocrystals arranged within a silica matrix in a face-centered cubic lattice with cell dimensions that are adjustable through control of the nanocrystal diameter and/or the alkane chain lengths of the primary alkanethiol stabilizing ligands or the surrounding secondary surfactants. Under kinetically controlled silica polymerization conditions, evaporation drives self-assembly of NC micelles into ordered NC/silica thin-film mesophases during spin coating. The intermediate NC micelles are water soluble and of interest for biolabeling. Initial experiments on a metal-insulator-metal capacitor fabricated with an ordered three-dimensional gold nanocrystal/silica array as the "insulator" demonstrated collective Coulomb blockade behavior below 100 kelvin and established the current-voltage scaling relationship for a well-defined three-dimensional array of Coulomb islands.
Use of Olefin Metathesis to Link Phosphinimide−Cyclopentadienyl Ligand Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Ethylene Polymerization Activity (2008)

Efforts to link phosphinimide and cyclopentadienyl ligands via metathesis were undertaken. To this end, the allylic phosphinimine t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2C(Me2)PNSiMe3 (1) and the Ti complexes t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2C(Me2)PNTi(Cp)Cl2 (2), t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2C(Me2)PNTi(C5Me5)Cl2 (3), and t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2C(Me2)PNTi(C5H4CH2CH═CH2)Cl2 (4) were prepared. Attempts to effect olefin metathesis on 4 using either [Cl2(PCy3)2Ru═CHPh] or [Cl2(PCy3)(H2IMes)Ru═CHPh] as the catalyst were unsuccessful. Alternatively, the phosphinimine t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2)PNSiMe3 (5) was found to undergo olefin isomerization upon conversion to the phosphinimines t-Bu2(MeCH═CH)PNH (6) and t-Bu2(MeCH═CH)PNTi(NMe2)3 (7), t-Bu2(MeCH═CH)PNTiCl3 (8), and t-Bu2(MeCH═CH)PNTiCl3(THF) (8·THF). Direct reaction of 5 with TiCl4 gave t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2)PNTiCl3 (9), which was readily converted to t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2)PNTi(C5H4C(Me)═CH2)Cl2 (10). Repeated attempts to effect a ring closure by olefin metathesis resulted in no reaction. However, the species t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2)PNTi(CpCH2CH═CH2)Cl2 (11) was readily methylated to give t-Bu2(CH2═CHCH2)PNTi(CpCH2CH═CH2)Me2 (12), and 11 in the presence of [Cl2(PCy3)2Ru═CHPh] underwent olefin metathesis to give t-Bu2(CpCH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiCl2 (13). Subsequent reaction with 9-BBN gave t-Bu2(CpCH2CH2CH(B(C8H14)CH2)PNTiCl2 (14), while alkylation gave t-Bu2(CpCH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiMe2 (15). In a similar fashion, the species t-Bu2(C5Me4CH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiCl2 (20), t-Bu2(C5Me4CH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiMe2 (21), t-Bu2(C9H6CH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiCl2 (24), and t-Bu2(C9H6CH2CH═CHCH2)PNTiMe2 (25) were prepared. A number of these compounds were screened for their ability to effect olefin polymerization using MAO, B(C6F5)3, or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] as the activator. In general, active single-site catalysts were obtained, yielding high molecular weight polyethylene, although the activities were lower with MAO than with boron-based activators. Crystal structures of 3, 8·THF, 13, 15, and 20 are reported.
Acute Mixed Lineage Leukemia With an inv(8)(p11q13) Resulting in Fusion of the Genes for MOZ and TIF2 (1998)

Chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia have led to the discovery of many genes involved in normal hematopoiesis and in malignant transformation. We have identified the fusion partners in an inv(8)(p11q13) from a patient with acute mixed lineage leukemia. We show by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, Southern blotting, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that the genes for MOZ, monocytic leukemiazinc finger protein, and TIF2,transcriptional intermediary factor 2, are involved in the inv(8)(p11q13). We demonstrate that the inversion creates a fusion between the 5′ end of MOZ mRNA and the 3′ end of TIF2 mRNA maintaining the translational frame of the protein. The predicted fusion protein contains the zinc finger domains, the nuclear localization domains, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain, and a portion of the acidic domain ofMOZ, coupled to the CREB-binding protein (CBP) interaction domain and the activation domains of TIF2. The breakpoint is distinct from the breakpoint in the t(8;16)(p11;p13) translocation in acute monocytic leukemia with erythrophagocytosis that fuses MOZ with CBP. The reciprocalTIF2-MOZ fusion gene is not expressed, perhaps as a result of a deletion near the chromosome 8 centromere. TheMOZ-TIF2 fusion is one of a new family of chromosomal rearrangements that associate HAT activity, transcriptional coactivation, and acute leukemia. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Fibrin Glue as a Hemostatic Agent in Hepatic and Splenic Trauma (1990)

Fibrin glue is a biologic hemostatic agent that coagulates and seals upon application. It is made by combining human fibrinogen concentrate with standard thrombin solutions containing calcium. Similar to epoxy glue, the two components are applied simultaneously in equal volumes resulting in an almost instantaneous formation of a coagulum. Fibrinogen concentrate is prepared in the blood bank from single donor plasma. Fibrin glue can be applied topically or injected into the parenchyma of solid organs. Twenty-six patients sustained hepatic or splenic trauma from May through August 1989--17 liver and nine splenic injuries. The glue was effective after one application in 21 patients and after a second in five. Hemostasis was achieved despite coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia in eight patients. There were no re-explorations for bleeding, and nine complications occurred in six patients. Our experience suggests fibrin glue is an effective, underutilized adjunctive hemostatic agent in trauma.
Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana–Fusarium graminearum interactions and identification of variation in resistance among ecotypes (2006)

SUMMARY Fusarium graminearum causes fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and other cereals. Resistance of wheat to FHB is incomplete and the defence mechanisms involved are poorly understood owing to the complex genome and long life cycle of the host. A robust and reproducible bioassay system was established for the study of interactions between F. graminearum and Arabidopsis by wound inoculation of detached leaves embedded in agar medium. Amendment of the inoculum with deoxynivalenol enhanced symptom development and conidial production. Colonization of leaf tissue was by both inter- and intracellular growth and extensive cell death was observed ahead of advancing hyphae indicating the presence of phytotoxic compounds or host-initiated programmed cell death. Expression of defence response genes associated with jasmonic acid/ethylene and salicylic acid pathways indicated that both pathways were activated in response to F. graminearum with expression of the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathways being more enhanced than that of the salicylic acid pathway, as expected for a necrotrophic pathogen. A large variation in resistance among Arabidopsis ecotypes was revealed. The ecotype Col-0 was significantly more resistant than Ler using both the detached leaf and a detached flower assay. Foliar resistance was shown to be controlled largely by a single genetic factor on chromosome 4 near the RFLP marker O6455. The detached leaf assay described herein provides a means to enable fundamental studies on the defence mechanisms of Arabidopsis in response to F. graminearum.
Nocturnal Hypoxia Is Associated With Silent Cerebrovascular Disease in a High-Risk Japanese Community-Dwelling Population (2005)

Based on the study results, SDB assessed by overnight pulse oximetry was associated with silent cerebral disease in a high-risk, community-dwelling Japanese population.
Verification of high dose rate brachytherapy dose distributions with EBT3 Gafchromic film quality control techniques (2013)

It is essential that quality control (QC) techniques are developed to keep pace with modern high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Current QC methods may be insufficient to fully assure the accuracy of 3D-optimized dose delivery. This work presents an evaluation of Gafchromic EBT3 film, with multi-channel analysis, in HDR dose environments for advanced QC and commissioning. 'Film-array in water' and 'three-channel Solid Water block' purpose-designed phantoms are utilized. Dose and dose-rate dependency and practical film usage has been evaluated. EBT3 measurements of dose with radial distance from a HDR source are compared to Monte Carlo data. Semi-3D dose distributions around clinical HDR applicators are compared to treatment plans. The measurement of delivery accuracy for inverse-planned pseudo-clinical test cases, with correct delivery and simulated treatment errors, has also been investigated. Local gamma criteria of 3%, 3 mm is recommended with passing rates of at least 96% typically achieved. The system is sensitive to simulated errors in HDR delivery, with significant reductions of passing rate. It has been demonstrated that EBT3 Gafchromic film, in combination with multi-channel analysis, is appropriate for applicator, treatment unit and planning system commissioning measurements as well as practical routine QC to confirm agreement of planned and delivered complex HDR brachytherapy dose distributions.