gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-beta 1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, and interleukin-8 gene expression is lower in stimulated human neonatal compared with adult mononuclear cells (1994)

Hematopoiesis is developmentally immature in the newborn compared with the adult. Diminished gene expression of several positive hematopoietic regulators has been observed in activated cord compared with adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC; Cairo et al. Pediatr Res, 30:362, 1991 and Cairo et al, Pediatr Res, 31:574, 1992). However, altered expression of negative hematopoietic regulators during states of increased demand may also contribute to the pathogenesis of newborn dyshematopoiesis. To test this hypothesis, we measured protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) in the conditioned media of human umbilical cord and adult MNC using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. There was significantly less TGF-beta 1 in culture supernatants of cord versus adult MNC after 24, 72, and 120 hours of stimulation (P < .05), and significantly less MIP-1 alpha in cord versus adult supernatants after 72 hours and 120 hours of stimulation (P < .01). We then examined the mRNA expression of the negative regulators TGF-beta 1, MIP-1 alpha, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in cord and adult MNC using Northern blot hybridization followed by quantitative densitometry. Cord MNC expressed significantly less TGF-beta 1 mRNA than adult MNC 6 hours and 72 hours after stimulation (P < .001). Cord MNC expressed significantly less MIP-1 alpha mRNA than adult MNC 6 hours (P < .01), 24 hours (P < .001), and 72 hours after stimulation (P < .001). Cord MNC also expressed significantly less IL-8 mRNA than adult MNC 6 hours after stimulation (P < .001). Therefore, decreased mRNA accumulation appears to coincide with reduced cytokine expression in the activated cord MNC. There were no significant differences in the transcription rates determined by nuclear run-on assay of either the TGF-beta 1 or MIP-1 alpha gene in cord versus adult MNC after 6 hours of stimulation, suggesting that the reduced TGF-beta 1 and MIP-1 alpha mRNA in activated cord MNC may be secondary to alteration in posttranscriptional regulation. The present results, together with those of our previous studies, suggest that the altered expression of both positive and negative hematopoietic regulators may be involved in the immaturity of host defense in human neonates.
The Chemistry and Biology of Mucin‐Type O‐Linked Glycosylation (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An evaporative cooler for vegetable crops. (1981)

The low cost of this cooling system makes it especially suitable for small farmers and roadside merchants. It also can be used for short-term storage.
Properties of four human embryonic stem cell lines maintained in a feeder‐free culture system (2003)

Several laboratories have begun evaluating human ES (hES) cell lines; however, direct comparisons between different hES cell lines have not been performed. We have characterized the properties of four human cell lines maintained in feeder-free culture conditions. Quantitative assessment of surface markers, microarray analysis of gene expression patterns, expression of SOX-2, UTF-1, Rex-1, OCT3/4, CRIPTO, and telomerase activity demonstrated similar patterns in all hES cell lines examined. Undifferentiated hES cells do not respond to neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. In addition, the undifferentiated hES cells possess gap junctions. Although similarities in marker expression were observed, allotyping showed that all four lines have a distinct HLA profile, predicting differences in transplantation responses. These data provide the first detailed comparison of different hES cell lines and demonstrate remarkable similarities among lines maintained in identical culture conditions.
Doppelganger (2006)

We introduce Doppelganger, a novel system for creating and enforcing fine-grained, privacy preserving browser cookie policies with low manual effort. Browser cookies pose privacy risks, since they can be used to track users' actions in detail, but some cookies also enable useful functionality, like personalization features. Web browsers currently lack an effective cookie management mechanism. Users must choose between two unpalatable options: a permissive, privacy-compromising policy for every site they visit, or a seemingly endless series of questions to which they must supply underinformed opinions. Doppelganger takes a big step forward: it makes automated determinations of cookies' value to enable a cost-benefit analysis, and offers an automated recovery system when that mechanism---or the user---makes an incorrect judgment. Doppelganger leverages client-side parallelism to automatically and simultaneously explore multiple cookie policies, enabling each user to create her ideal cookie policy. We tackle important and difficult subproblems along the way: mechanisms for recording and replaying web sessions; improved handling of third-party cookies; and enforcing fine-grained, per-site cookie mediation. We implemented Doppelganger as a Firefox extension; we discuss experimental results comparing it to various browser settings, as well as lessons learned from the real-world engineering challenges we faced in our implementation.
A checkpointing strategy for scalable recovery on distributed parallel systems (1997)

In this paper, we describe a new scheme for checkpointing parallel applications on message-passing scalable distributed memory systems. The novelty of our scheme is that a checkpointed application can be restored, from its checkpointed state, in a reconfigured form. Thus, a parallel application may be checkpointed while executing with t1 tasks on p1 processors, and then restarted from the checkpointed state with t2 tasks on p2 processors. As a result, applications can recover from partial failures in the underlying system. Also, the reconfigurable checkpointed states can be migrated from one parallel system to another even if they do not have the same number of processors. We describe a new programming model for implementing a reconfigurable checkpointing scheme for parallel programs. This new model is derived from the DRMS programming model, developed in the context of run-time reconfiguration of parallel applications. A key component of our implementation is the distribution-independent representation of application array data structures in persistent storage. For further optimizing the performance of checkpoint/restart operations, we provide parallel array section streaming operations for such distributed arrays. We present performance data for the reconfigurable checkpointing and restarting of parallel applications and compare that with the performance of conventional forms of checkpointing. Our results demonstrate the advantages of the new scheme we describe.
Isolation and Characterization of an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Encoded by thealdBGene ofEscherichia coli (2005)

An aldehyde dehydrogenase was detected in crude cell extracts of Escherichia coli DH5alpha. Growth studies indicated that the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was growth phase dependent and increased in cells grown with ethanol. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme identified the latter as an aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by aldB, which was thought to play a role in the removal of aldehydes and alcohols in cells that were under stress. The purified enzyme showed an estimated molecular mass of 220 +/- 8 kDa, consisting of four identical subunits, and preferred to use NADP and acetaldehyde. MgCl2 increased the activity of the NADP-dependent enzyme with various substrates. A comparison of the effect of Mg2+ ions on the bacterial enzyme with the effect of Mg2+ ions on human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase revealed that the bacterial enzyme shared kinetic properties with the mammalian enzyme. An R197E mutant of the bacterial enzyme appeared to retain very little NADP-dependent activity on acetaldehyde.
A First Step Towards Automated Detection of Buffer Overrun Vulnerabilities. (2000)

We describe a new technique for finding potential buffer overrun vulnerabilities in security-critical C code. The key to success is to use static analysis: we formulate detection of buffer overruns as an integer range analysis problem. One major advantage of static analysis is that security bugs can be eliminated before code is deployed. We have implemented our design and used our prototype to find new remotely-exploitable vulnerabilities in a large, widely deployed software package. An earlier hand audit missed these bugs. 1. Introduction Buffer overrun vulnerabilities have plagued security architects for at least a decade. In November 1988, the infamous Internet worm infected thousands or tens of thousands of network-connected hosts and fragmented much of the known net [17]. One of the primary replication mechanisms was exploitation of a buffer overrun vulnerability in the fingerd daemon. Since then, buffer overruns have been a serious, continuing menace to system security. If any...
p38 MAP Kinase Is Involved in Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Death in Rat Mesencephalic Neuron‐Glia Cultures (2002)

Immune stimulants, such as the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the human immunodeficiency virus-1 coat protein gp120, or beta-amyloid peptides, lead to glial activation and production of various immune mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. These mediators appear to contribute to neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the signaling pathways, which mediate the neurotoxic effect by the endotoxin, are not understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-induced neurodegeneration using mesencephalic dopaminergic neuron/glia cultures. We have found that the p38 MAPK is important in LPS-induced death of mesencephalic neurons in rat neuron-glia mixed cultures. Upon treatment with 10 ng/ml LPS, the number of dopaminergic neurons decreased by 80% within 48 h, preceded by a significant production of NO by glia. Neuroprotection by selective inhibition of p38 MAPK activity paralleled a decrease in LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These events were significantly reduced by the selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190, but not by the inactive analogue SB202474. Inhibition of iNOS activity and NO production by treatment with GW274150 was also neuroprotective. Although the p38 MAPK inhibitor afforded significant neuroprotection from LPS toxicity in the neuron-glia mixed culture, it failed to protect dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxy-dopamine-induced toxicity, which acts directly on dopaminergic neurons by inducing hydroxyl radical formation from the mitochondria. The results suggest that p38 MAPK in glia plays a significant role in the LPS-induced death of mesencephalic neurons through induction of nitric oxide synthase and resulting NO production.
In Vivo Study of Biodistribution and Urinary Excretion of Surface-Modified Silica Nanoparticles (2008)

The biodistribution and urinary excretion of different surface-modified silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in mice were investigated in situ using an in vivo optical imaging system. Three types of surface-modified SiNPs, including OH-SiNPs, COOH-SiNPs, and PEG-SiNPs with a size of approximately 45 nm, have been prepared with RuBPY doped for imaging purposes. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of these SiNPs followed by fluorescence tracing in vivo using the Maestro in vivo imaging system indicated that OH-SiNPs, COOH-SiNPs, and PEG-SiNPs were all cleared from the systemic blood circulation, but that both the clearance time and subsequent biological organ deposition were dependent on the surface chemical modification of the SiNPs. Thus, for instance, the PEG-SiNPs exhibited relatively longer blood circulation times and lower uptake by the reticuloendothelial system organs than OH-SiNPs and COOH-SiNPs. More interestingly, in vivo real-time imaged dominant signal in bladder and urine excretion studies revealed that all three types of i.v.-injected SiNPs with a size of approximately 45 nm were partly excreted through the renal excretion route. These conclusions were further confirmed through ex vivo organ optical imaging and TEM imaging and energy-dispersed X-ray spectrum analysis of urine samples. These findings would have direct implications for the use of SiNPs as delivery systems and imaging tools in live animals. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the in vivo optical imaging method is helpful for in vivo sensing the biological effects of SiNPs by using luminescent dye doped in the silica matrix as a synchronous signal.
Procedural Justice Shapes Evaluations of Income Inequality: Commentary on Norton and Ariely (2011) (2011)

Research finds that people's reactions to inequality in wealth are more strongly related to their views about the fairness of the procedures of wealth allocation than they are by inequality itself. Hence, the key issue is whether people think markets are procedurally just allocation mechanisms.
Purification of an unusual α-glycuronidase from flavobacteria (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification of an unusual α-glycuronidase from flavobacteriaC. Terry Warnick and Alfred LinkerCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 4, 568–572Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00754a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00754a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjustment in Africa : Update on Reversing Economic Decline in Sub-Saharan Africa (1995)

This study reviews the Bank's experience with adjustment lending to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), from FY80 to FY96. During this period, a total of 163 adjustment operations, for $15 billion have been approved to 37 countries. Of these, a total of 121 have already been evaluated at completion. The study is based on information from all the operations, both completed and ongoing. It focuses on the performance, outcomes, and impact at the country level. Performance is measured first in terms of compliance with conditionality in adjustment lending, and then an overall compliance rating is constructed for each country. The compliance rating is used to classify the countries into three groups: those with good, weak and poor compliance records. Design issues, most notably insufficient attention to borrower ownership, were already identified in the 1993 OED report on adjustment in SSA. The present study revisited and quantified the design issues identified in all of the 121 evaluations at completion. The detailed analysis of compliance with conditionality allows us to look at which types of policy reforms are more frequently included in adjustment operations, and which ones are more often complied with. The main recommendations emerging from the findings of this report are the need for: (i) increased selectivity in adjustment lending; (ii) improved design; and (iii) improved benchmarks and indicators of progress towards the goals of poverty alleviation and fiscal sustainability.
Scheduling using Superposition Coding: Design and Software Radio implementation (2011)

Cellular base stations typically orthogonalize downlink transmissions, although this approach is not always throughput-optimal. Indeed, it can be shown that removing the orthogonality constraint (as in Superposition Coding) can provide significant benefits in some scenarios. Based on this principle, we propose a scheduling algorithm for a two-user downlink that leverages the disparity in their respective channel qualities. By a judicious reallocation of the transmit power and bandwidth, this algorithm improves the throughput to both users vis-à-vis an orthogonal scheme. We design a software-defined radio platform to implement the scheduler and experimentally verify the gains promised by theory.
Adaptive optics for optimization of image resolution (1987)

Adaptive optics can be used to improve the quality of optical imaging instruments otherwise limited in resolution by atmospheric turbulence. To achieve a given level of resolution improvement at the lowest cost, design of adaptive mirrors must be carefully optimized. We have calculated the mean value of the optical transfer function (OTF) of an instrument corrected by adaptive optics using the OTF as a criterion for resolution optimization and describing perturbations through their phase structure function. A fourparameter numerical program has been written to compute the OTF. Assuming that the optics diameter and the perturbation Fried's parameter are known, it then becomes possible to optimize the system by a proper choice of the number of actuators and of the influence diameter, a parameter which characterizes the size of the required corrections.
Novel linked antiviral and antitumor agents related to netropsin and distamycin: synthesis and biological evaluation (1989)

A group of oligopeptides have been synthesized which are structurally related to the natural antiviral antitumor antibiotics netropsin and distamycin bearing two such moieties linked by polymethylene bridges. Cytostatic activity against both human and murine tumor cell lines and their in vitro activity against a range of viruses are reported. Enhanced antiviral activity was obtained against vaccinia virus. As a result of the introduction of the polymethylene linkers [( CH2)n, with n = 1, 2, and 6-8], both the antitumor and antivaccinia virus activity was markedly enhanced, relative to that of the parent compounds netropsin and distamycin. The biological activity of these agents is discussed both in terms of their structural differences and in relation to their minor groove binding to duplex DNA.
CDCP1 Is a Novel Marker for Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2003)

CDCP1 is a transmembrane protein that contains three CUB domains within the extracellular region and a hexalysine stretch within the cytoplasmic region. CDCP1 mRNA is highly expressed in lung and colon tumors and in the erythroleukemic cell line K562. To analyze CDCP1 protein expression, monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular domain of CDCP1 were raised. For this purpose, CDCP1 was overexpressed in NIH-3T3 cells. Balb/c mice were then immunized with the resultant cell line NIH-3T3/huCDCP1. After fusion of SP2/0 cells with immune spleen cells, hybridoma clones were selected that secreted antibodies reacting with NIH-3T3/huCDCP1 cells but not with parental cells. Four antibodies (CUB1-CUB4) were obtained that fulfilled these criteria. Screening of peripheral blood cells revealed that the antibodies did not recognize mature lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, or platelets. In contrast, multi-color analyses revealed that CDCP1 protein is almost exclusively expressed on a subset of CD34(+) stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow. Transplantation of purified CDCP1(+) cells into NOD/SCID mice resulted in engraftment of human cells with multi-lineage differentiation potential, suggesting that CDCP1 is a novel marker for hematopoietic stem cells.
PhiC31 Integrase Induces Efficient Site-Specific Recombination in the Capra hircus Genome (2014)

Streptomyces phage φC31 integrase induces efficient site-specific recombination capable of integrating exogenous genes at pseudo attP sites in human, mouse, rat, rabbit, sheep, Drosophila, and bovine genomes. However, the φC31-mediated recombination between attB and the corresponding pseudo attP sites has not been investigated in Capra hircus. Here, we identified eight pseudo attP sites located in the intron or intergenic regions of the C. hircus genome, and demonstrated different levels of foreign gene expression after φC31 integrase-mediated integration. These pseudo attP sites share similar sequences with each other and with pseudo attP sites in other mammalian genomes, and these are associated with a neighboring consensus motif found in other genomes. The application of the φC31 integrase system in C. hircus provides a new option for genetic engineering of this economically important goat species.
Confidence-based refinement of corrupted depth maps (2012)

images, (b) Initially acquired depth maps (by match propagation [11]) and (c) Depth maps refined by our method. Abstract—This paper present a practical depth-map refine-ment system designed for highly corrupted multiple depth maps. We define a pixel-wise confidence measurement of depth value and apply the three-steps depth-map refinement scheme (i.e.confidence-based depth-map fusion, confidence-weighted bun-dle optimization and super-pixel-based planar propagation) to maximize the whole reliability of depth maps. Our experimental result shows that our refinement algorithm can dramatically improve highly corrupted depth maps acquired by previous approaches. I.
Controlling the Drug Delivery Attributes of Lipid-Based Drug Formulations (1998)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: Liposomes/Anticancer DrugsCancerPlasmid Expression VectorsDrug ReleaseAntisense Oligonucleotides
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Antiviral Protein from the Seeds of Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) (1990)

The complete amino acid sequence of antiviral protein from the seeds of pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) has been determined. This has been done by the sequence analysis of peptides derived by enzymatic digestion with trypsin, pepsin, and lysylendopeptidase, as well as by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The protein consists of 261 amino acid residues containing two disulfide bonds and has a calculated molecular mass of 29167 Da. The two disulfide bonds connect Cys-34 to Cys-258 and Cys-84 to Cys-105. Comparison of this sequence with the sequence of the ricin A-chain shows that there are identical residues at 76 positions in the two molecules (30% identity), having an extended region of highly conserved sequence at positions 170-183 (IQMXSEAARFXYIE). In contrast, the internal regions at positions 77-119 and 141-169 and the C-terminal 15 amino acid residues are less homologous in the two proteins.