gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sn/F Pre-Treatments on the Durability of Protective Coatings against Dentine Erosion/Abrasion (2015)

For preventing erosive wear in dentine, coating with adhesives has been suggested as an alternative to fluoridation. However, clinical studies have revealed limited efficacy. As there is first evidence that Sn(2+) increases bond strength of the adhesive Clearfil SE (Kuraray), the aim of the present study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with different Sn(2+)/F(-) solutions improves the durability of Clearfil SE coatings. Dentine samples (eight groups, n=16/group) were freed of smear layer (0.5% citric acid, 10 s), treated (15 s) either with no solution (control), aminefluoride (AmF, 500 ppm F(-), pH 4.5), SnCl2 (800/1600 ppm Sn(2+); pH 1.5), SnCl2/AmF (500 ppm F(-), 800 ppm Sn(2+), pH 1.5/3.0/4.5), or Elmex Erosion Protection Rinse (EP, 500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn(2+), pH 4.5; GABA International), then rinsed with water (15 s) and individually covered with Clearfil SE. Subsequently the specimens were subjected to an erosion/abrasion protocol consisting of 1320 cycles of immersion in 0.5% citric acid (5 °C/55 °C; 2 min) and automated brushing (15 s, 200 g, NaF-toothpaste, RDA 80). As the coatings proved stable up to 1320 cycles, 60 modified cycles (brushing time 30 min/cycle) were added. Wear was measured profilometrically. After SnCl2/AmF, pH 4.5 or EP pre-treatment all except one coating survived. In the other groups, almost all coatings were lost and there was no significant difference to the control group. Pre-treatment with a Sn(2+)/F(-) solution at pH 4.5 seems able to improve the durability of adhesive coatings, rendering these an attractive option in preventing erosive wear in dentine.
Late Caledonian sinistral displacements in Britain: Implications for a three‐plate collision model (1984)

In recent years, most geotectonic syntheses of the North Atlantic Caledonides have adopted a two plate configuration, with a roughly E‐W closure direction between Laurentia and Baltica producing the N‐S striking Scandinavian and East Greenland Caledonides and inducing dextral strike‐slip along the NE‐SW oriented British sector of the Iapetus suture. The North German‐Polish Caledonides are a third arm to the Appalachian‐N. Atlantic Caledonide orogen. Recently, Ziegler has proposed that the mid‐Palaeozoic deformation belts of S. Britain ‐ N. Germany‐Poland and also of central Europe were produced by the northward impact of microcontinental fragments onto the southern margin of the already sutured continental mass of Laurentia‐Baltica. Some ascribe the whole Appalachian orogen to a sequence of terrane accretion events in mid‐Ordovician through mid‐Devonian time. A N‐S collision direction would induce sinistral shear across the British sector of the Iapetus suture. In this paper, we outline the evidence for sinistral displacements within the British Caledonides and for their age. We conclude that the “non‐metamorphic Caledonides” were produced by the northerly accretion of a Cadomian terrane in late Silurian‐early Devonian time, and that this event was entirely separate from the earlier Laurentia‐Baltica collision which produced the post‐Grampian thrust related “metamorphic Caledonides” of Scotland.
T-Cell Signaling Regulated by the Tec Family Kinase, Itk (2010)

The Tec family tyrosine kinases regulate lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation. In T cells, the predominant Tec kinase is Itk, which functions downstream of the T-cell receptor to regulate phospholipase C-gamma. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of Itk kinase structure and enzymatic regulation, focusing on Itk protein domain interactions and mechanisms of substrate recognition. We also discuss the role of Itk in the development of conventional versus innate T-cell lineages, including both alphabeta and gammadelta T-cell subsets. Finally, we describe the complex role of Itk signaling in effector T-cell differentiation and the regulation of cytokine gene expression. Together, these data implicate Itk as an important modulator of T-cell signaling and function.
Reproductive Effort of Female Mountain Quail Induced by Dietary Xanthophyll (2017)

Reproductive effort of quail in the arid American West is closely associated with spring precipitation and soil moisture levels. Profound fecundity during moist springs and weak reproductive effort during dry springs has been demonstrated for several species including the bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and California quail (Callipepla califomica). I tested the effect of dietary xanthophyll on reproductive effort of mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus), a native quail of the American West with a distribution that includes parts of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. Precipitation data combined with trapping results from a wild Mojave population indicate that mountain quail respond to spring precipitation with strong reproductive effort. Xanthophyll is a naturally occurring yellow plant pigment that functions to prevent solarization in plants experiencing high light conditions. Xanthophyll is widely present in plants during green-up. Using captive mountain quail housed outdoors year-round, I experimentally altered dietary xanthophyll levels. Females supplemented with xanthophyll laid eggs at a significantly greater rate than did control females, and also laid more eggs overall. Juvenile females entering their first breeding season rapidly enlarged their reproductive tracts when exposed to dietary xanthophyll early in the breeding season. Juvenile females fed a xanthophyll supplement for two weeks had significantly larger individual ova, oviducts, and total reproductive tracts than did control females. Male mountain quail exhibited enlarged testes and performed reproductive behaviors regardless of diet. Finally, during the breeding season, females sought out and ate significantly more green vegetation than did males. If other quail exhibit a similar response, then these phenomena have great potential for explaining the onset, magnitude, and duration of reproductive effort in undisturbed quail populations, and populations experiencing land use changes that alter the availability of dietary xanthophyll.
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in angiogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. (1995)

In RA, VEGF is synthesized and released by a large number of subsynovial macrophages, fibroblasts surrounding microvessels, vascular smooth muscle cells, and synovial lining cells and may stimulate endothelial proliferation in a paracrine manner via VEGF receptors.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Harness Purinergenic Signaling to Tolerize Human Th1 Cells In Vivo (2014)

The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) in the treatment of alloimmune and autoimmune conditions has generated much interest, yet an understanding of the therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. We therefore explored immune modulation by a clinical-grade BMSC product in a model of human-into-mouse xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (x-GVHD) mediated by human CD4(+) Th1 cells. BMSC reversed established, lethal x-GVHD through marked inhibition of Th1 cell effector function. Gene marking studies indicated BMSC engraftment was limited to the lung; furthermore, there was no increase in regulatory T cells, thereby suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMSC action. BMSC recipients had increased serum CD73 expressing exosomes that promoted adenosine accumulation ex vivo. Importantly, immune modulation mediated by BMSC was fully abrogated by pharmacologic therapy with an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. To investigate the potential clinical relevance of these mechanistic findings, patient serum samples collected pre- and post-BMSC treatment were studied for exosome content: CD73 expressing exosomes promoting adenosine accumulation were detected in post-BMSC samples. In conclusion, BMSC effectively modulate experimental GVHD through a paracrine mechanism that promotes adenosine-based immune suppression.
Comparison of a Standard Regimen (CHOP) with Three Intensive Chemotherapy Regimens for Advanced Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1993)

CHOP is a first-generation, combination-chemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone that has cured approximately 30 percent of patients with advanced stages of intermediate-grade or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in national cooperative-group trials. However, studies at single institutions have suggested that 55 to 65 percent of such patients might be cured by third-generation regimens such as ones consisting of low-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone (m-BACOD); prednisone, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide, followed by cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (ProMACE-CytaBOM); and methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and bleomycin (MACOP-B).
The use of seawater-neutralised bauxite refinery residues (red mud) in environmental remediation programs (1999)

Seawater-neutralised bauxite refinery residues (red mud) have a very high trace metal trapping capacity (&gt;1000 meq/kg), and a high acid neutralisation capacity (≈3.5 moles/kg) that is due to an abundance of amorphous and finely crystalline phases that form weak bases; trace metals bound to the red mud can not be readily leached off. These properties make the seawater-neutralised red mud suitable for treating acid mine drainage, tailings pond waters, and acid sulphate soils; there are also other potential uses. The red mud can be mixed with contaminated liquids or solids, or used to form permeable subsurface barriers that will not impede subsurface water flow but will neutralise any acid and strip trace metals from contaminated water before it reaches natural waterways. This paper describes the properties of seawater-neutralised red mud and the results of trials involving its use in environmental management and remediation applications.
Prion Protein Peptides Induce .alpha.-Helix to .beta.-Sheet Conformational Transitions (1995)

The structures of synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of putative secondary structure in the cellular prion protein PrPC were studied as models for the conformational transition that features in the formation of the pathogenic isoform, PrPSc. Transgenetic studies argue that these PrP isoforms interact during the formation of PrPSc, which involves the unfolding of one or more helices of PrPC followed by refolding into beta-sheets. PrP residues 109-122 (H1), which were predicted to be alpha-helical, form beta-sheets in aqueous buffers, while the longer peptide 104-122 (104H1) and also peptide 129-141 (H2) have coil or alpha-helical structures in solution. Both 104H1 and H2 were converted into beta-sheets upon interaction with H1, as monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The conversion was sequence-specific since mouse (Mo) H1, which differs from Syrian hamster (SHa) at two residues, was inefficient at converting SHa104H1 into the beta-sheet form. In buffers containing 10% acetonitrile, 104H1 was converted into the beta-sheet form by addition of as little as 1% H1. In addition, A beta 11-25 and A beta 25-35 peptides with similar physical properties to H1 were incapable of converting H2 into the beta-sheet form. How well these studies approximate the structural transitions in PrP that underlie the replication of prions remains to be established.
Inhibition of skin tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid receptors (2003)

Nonmelanoma skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies in humans. Different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these tumors are currently being investigated. Given the growth-inhibiting effects of cannabinoids on gliomas and the wide tissue distribution of the two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), we studied the potential utility of these compounds in anti–skin tumor therapy. Here we show that the CB1 and the CB2 receptor are expressed in normal skin and skin tumors of mice and humans. In cell culture experiments pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptors induced the apoptotic death of tumorigenic epidermal cells, whereas the viability of nontransformed epidermal cells remained unaffected. Local administration of the mixed CB1/CB2 agonist WIN-55,212-2 or the selective CB2 agonist JWH-133 induced a considerable growth inhibition of malignant tumors generated by inoculation of epidermal tumor cells into nude mice. Cannabinoid-treated tumors showed an increased number of apoptotic cells. This was accompanied by impairment of tumor vascularization, as determined by altered blood vessel morphology and decreased expression of proangiogenic factors (VEGF, placental growth factor, and angiopoietin 2). Abrogation of EGF-R function was also observed in cannabinoid-treated tumors. These results support a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin tumors.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of N-Substituted Pyrrolidinone-Tethered N-Substituted Piperidines via Ugi Reaction (2010)

Starting with resin-bound glutamic acid, an efficient synthesis of N-substituted pyrrolidinones is described, using the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR). The same methodology is employed to produce N-substituted pyrrolidinone tethered N-substituted piperidines.
P Wave Indices (2009)

Indices of P wave duration and dispersion are accessible from the surface electrocardiogram. Their prolongation reflects inhomogeneous atrial depolarization secondary to insults such as chronically elevated atrial pressure, ischemia, or metabolic stress. In turn, these insults promote atrial structural remodeling and provide a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF). P wave indices have been examined in cardiac and non-cardiac disease states. Prolonged P wave indices have been associated with hypertension, obesity and diabetes, all of which are risk factors for AF. Similarly, prolonged P wave duration and dispersion have been associated with AF recurrence in patients with paroxysmal AF and following cardioversion, and with incident AF following cardiothoracic surgeries. Our review describes the current field of P wave indices. We report the methodology for determining P wave indices. We also describe the strengths and limitations of the current literature on the clinical correlates and prognosis of P wave indices. We suggest future clinical and research directions for P wave indices.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE LUMINESCENCE OF BATHYPELAGIC CRUSTACEA DECAPODA OF THE BERMUDA AREA. (1955)

Summary
Luminescence has been observed in eight species of Decapod Crustacea, including Hymenodora graeilis which has not hitherto been believed to be luminous. Organs previously described as photophores only on the basis of their structure have actually been seen to emit light.

As a result of these observations it is possible to reaffirm the suggestion that the photophores constitute recognition signals, but it seems likely that response involves both young and adult members of the population, so causing swarming with the subsequent facilitation of mating.
Conservation breast treatment: a viable option locally. (1989)

Conservation treatment in carcinoma of the breast is a viable option in the West but is still an uncommon practice locally. Many reasons have been put forth, including the late stage of the tumour we see and the small breast size. This paper presents 25 cases treated by lumpectomy and irradiation with satisfactory cosmetic results, although the follow-up period is short. The introduction of this technique may encourage women to seek treatment earlier, without the fear of losing their breasts.
EphA2 Targeted Chemotherapy Using an Antibody Drug Conjugate in Endometrial Carcinoma (2010)

The preclinical data for endometrial cancer treatment using MEDI-547 show substantial antitumor activity.
Radionuclide angiocardiography: an improved deconvolution technique for improvement after suboptimal bolus injection. (1983)

Deconvolution is a mathematical technique used to improve radionuclide angiocardiography after suboptimal injection of radiopharmaceutical. A new deconvolution algorithm designed to be relatively insensitive to the random errors that occur in experimental data was tested. First-pass radionuclide angiocardiography using iridium-191m was performed to quantitate left-to-right shunting in normal dogs and dogs with atrial septal defects. Deconvolution was used to correct for injection shape. Four quantitation techniques were studied (good injection/no deconvolution, good injection/deconvolution, fragmented injection/no deconvolution, fragmented injection/deconvolution). The mean (p less than .001) and standard deviation (p less than .0001) of the fragmented injection/no deconvolution technique were significantly different from the other three techniques, which were not significantly different from each other (mean or standard deviation) at the p = 0.05 level. This deconvolution method made it possible to accurately quantitate left-to-right shunts even with fragmented injections.
An effective immunomagnetic method for bone marrow purging in T cell malignancies. (1992)

An immunomagnetic method was developed to purge human bone marrow of malignant T cells, for use in conjunction with autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Three monoclonal antibodies anti CD2 (BH1), CD5 (BB8) and CD7 (BF12) were used. In model experiments employing MOLT4 cells it was found that with 50-fold excess of immunobeads relative to antigen-positive cells, the use of each antibody alone resulted in a 3.3-3.6 log tumor cell depletion, as assessed in a sensitive and reproducible clonogenic soft agar assay. When all three antibodies were used in a mixture, a purging efficacy of 5 logs was achieved. Two treatment cycles improved these figures to about 4 logs and more than 5 logs. When MOLT4 cells were mixed 1:10 with fresh bone marrow cells the antibody mixture yielded 3.1 and more than 5 log tumor cell depletion with one and two treatment cycles, respectively. This procedure resulted in only an insignificant reduction of the number of CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM progenitor cells. In two patients autotransplanted with purged marrow, the loss of CFU-GM was 37% and 48%, and no tumor cells could be detected by immunocytochemistry after purging. Rapid and sustained engraftment was achieved and both patients remain in complete remission after more than 20 months.
Single-Molecule Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation by Nanopore Enzymology (2018)

Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a crucial and ubiquitous role in the control of almost all cellular processes. The interplay of protein kinases and phosphatases acting in opposition ensures tight dynamic control of protein phosphorylation states within the cell. Previously, engineered α-hemolysin pores bearing kinase substrate peptides have been developed as single-molecule stochastic sensors for protein kinases. Here, we have used these pores to observe, label-free, the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a single substrate molecule. Further, we investigated the effect of Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> upon substrate and product binding and found that Mn<sup>2+</sup> relaxes active-site specificity toward nucleotides and enhances product binding. In doing so, we demonstrate the power and versatility of nanopore enzymology to scrutinize a critical post-translational modification.
Agouti regulation of intracellular calcium: role of melanocortin receptors (1997)

Several dominant mutations at the murine agouti locus cause a syndrome of marked obesity and insulin resistance. We have recently reported that intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is elevated in viable yellow mice. Because [Ca2+]i has a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, obesity, and hypertension, the role of the purified agouti gene product in regulating [Ca2+]i was evaluated in a number of cell types. Purified murine agouti induced slow, sustained increases in [Ca2+]i in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. In L6 skeletal myocytes, agouti stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i with an apparent concentration eliciting 50% of the maximal response (EC50) of 62 nM. This response was substantially inhibited by Ca2+ entry blockade with nitrendipine. To determine whether melanocortin receptors play a role in agouti regulation of [Ca2+]i, we examined the effect of melanocortin peptides and agouti in cells stably transfected with human melanocortin receptors. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293 cells) transfected with either the human melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) or melanocortin 3 receptor responded to human agouti with slow, sustained increases in [Ca2+]i, whereas nontransfected HEK-293 cells with no melanocortin receptors did not respond to agouti. Dose-response curves in the MC1R line showed that agouti had an EC50 of 18 nM, which is comparable to that for agouti antagonism of (125)I-Nle,D-Phe-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone binding in the same cell line. This direct effect of agouti on stimulating increases in [Ca2+]i suggests a potential mechanism for agouti-induced insulin resistance.
Alternative splicing produces a divergent cytoplasmic tail in the human endothelial thromboxane A2 receptor. (1994)

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) causes contraction of vascular smooth muscle and aggregation of platelets; paradoxically, it also induces formation of the vasodilator and antiaggregant prostacyclin by human endothelium. To determine if the molecular structure of the endothelial TxA2 receptor differs from that of the previously characterized receptor from placenta, we isolated a putative TxA2 receptor cDNA from a human endothelial library. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed a structure of 369 amino acids, in which a novel cytoplasmic tail replaced the carboxyl-terminal portion of the previously characterized TxA2 receptor; this divergence in cytoplasmic domains resulted from the nonsplicing of a potential intron in the placenta TxA2 receptor. Northern hybridization reveals that the expression of the TxA2 receptor in endothelial RNA decreases 6-fold following stimulation with an endoperoxide analog. Polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers specific to each cytoplasmic domain revealed that only the novel receptor was expressed in endothelium, while both receptors were expressed in placenta. Overexpression of the endothelial TxA2 receptor cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells conferred the ability to bind a known receptor antagonist and mobilize Ca2+ in response to TxA2 mimetics. This finding of a new TxA2 receptor in endothelium suggests that a family of these receptors may result from alternative splicing of the cytoplasmic (carboxyl) tail.
Imbalance of stromelysin-1 and TIMP-1 in the mucosal lesions of children with inflammatory bowel disease (2000)

Stromelysin-1 is markedly overexpressed at inflamed sites in patients with IBD whereas TIMP-1 remains unaltered. Excess stromelysin-1 is likely to be responsible for loss of mucosal integrity in IBD.
Improvement in the Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure with Fluoxymesterone (1973)

Fluoxymesterone was administered to 14 severely anemic patients with chronic renal failure stabilized with maintenance hemodialysis. Clinically, significant improvement in erythropoiesis was seen within 3 to 6 months of androgen therapy in 13 of the 14 patients, as reflected by a reduction in transfusion requirements and an increase in hematocrit value. The increase in effective erythropoiesis was documented by the erythroid iron turnover and was accompanied usually by either an increase in measurable serum levels of erythropoietin or a reduction in the marrow transit time, suggesting that the androgen acted primarily by stimulating erythropoietin production. This response did not depend on the presence of residual renal tissue. In the doses given (10 mg/day for women; 30 mg/day for men), fluoxymesterone therapy was unassociated with significant toxicity.