gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria recycle nitrite back to the bioregulator nitric monoxide. (2000)

Nitric monoxide (NO) exerts a great variety of physiological functions. L-Arginine supplies amino groups which are transformed to NO in various NO-synthase-active isoenzyme complexes. NO-synthesis is stimulated under various conditions increasing the tissue of stable NO-metabolites. The major oxidation product found is nitrite. Elevated nitrite levels were reported to exist in a variety of diseases including HIV, reperfusion injury and hypovolemic shock. Denitrifying bacteria such as Paracoccus denitrificans have a membrane bound set of cytochromes (cyt cd1, cyt bc) which were shown to be involved in nitrite reduction activities. Mammalian mitochondria have similar cytochromes which form part of the respiratory chain. Like in bacteria quinols are used as reductants of these types of cytochromes. The observation of one-e- divergence from this redox-couple to external dioxygen made us to study whether this site of the respiratory chain may also recycle nitrite back to its bioactive form NO. Thus, the aim of the present study was therefore to confirm the existence of a reductive pathway which reestablishes the existence of the bioregulator NO from its main metabolite NO2-. Our results show that respiring mitochondria readily reduce added nitrite to NO which was made visible by nitrosylation of deoxyhemoglobin. The adduct gives characteristic triplet-ESR-signals. Using inhibitors of the respiratory chain for chemical sequestration of respiratory segments we were able to identify the site where nitrite is reduced. The results confirm the ubiquinone/cyt be1 couple as the reductant site where nitrite is recycled. The high affinity of NO to the heme-iron of cytochrome oxidase will result in an impairment of mitochondrial energy-production. "Nitrite tolerance" of angina pectoris patients using NO-donors may be explained in that way.
Characterization of a Human Basophil‐Like Cell Line (LAMA‐84) (1996)

LAMA-84, a human leucocytic cell line, which upon establishment was described as having megakaryocytic, erythroid and granulocytic characteristics, was analysed for expression of various differentiation markers. In addition to some of the previously described phenotypic characteristics, this cell line was found to express mRNA for several proteins characteristic for basophilic leucocytes and mast cells. The authors show that LAMA-84 cells express mRNA for the mast cell tryptase, the proteoglycan core protein, carboxypeptidase A and the alpha and beta chains of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI). The authors examined the potential of LAMA-84 to differentiate in serum-free medium or after DMSO or PMA treatment. Depending on the inducing factor, surface expression of the Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain was increased from 20% to 35-50% of the cells and mRNA levels for tryptase were increased in serum-free medium and after DMSO treatment. LAMA-84 was found to express CD13, CDw17, CD29, CD33, CD40, CD45 and CD117. Furthermore, mRNA for the eosinophil/basophil markers Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein and the major basic protein (MBP), as well as the erythrocyte differentiation marker alpha-globin, was detected. However, the authors observed only trace amounts of mRNA for another erythroid differentiation marker (glycophorin), trace amounts of the megakaryocytic marker GPIIIa, and no detectable level of GPIb alpha. By comparing the expression pattern of a panel of differentiation markers in LAMA-84, and a second human cell line (KU812) expressing a basophil phenotype, it is evident that these cell lines, which presently are the only two cell lines identified with basophilic characteristics, share a large number of phenotypic characteristics.
Heat shock proteins of higher plants (1981)

The pattern of protein synthesis changes rapidly and dramatically when the growth temperature of soybean seedling tissue is increased from 28 degrees C (normal) to about 40 degrees C (heat shock). The synthesis of normal proteins is greatly decreased and a new set of proteins, "heat shock proteins," is induced. The heat shock proteins of soybean consist of 10 new bands on one-dimensional NaDodSO(4) gels; a more complex pattern is observed on two-dimensional gels. When the tissue is returned to 28 degrees C after 4 hr at 40 degrees C, there is progressive decline in the synthesis of heat shock proteins and reappearance of a normal pattern of synthesis by 3 or 4 hr. In vitro translation of poly(A)(+)RNAs isolated from tissues grown at 28 and 40 degrees C shows that the heat shock proteins are translated from a new set of mRNAs induced at 40 degrees C; furthermore, the abundant class mRNAs for many of the normal proteins persist even though they are translated weakly (or not at all) in vivo at 40 or 42.5 degrees C. The heat shock response in soybean appears similar to the much-studied heat shock phenomenon in Drosophila.
Typing of hepatitis C virus genomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (1991)

Recently, we reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be classified genetically into two types, HCV-K1 and HCV-K2, which show 67% and 71% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels in a 340 bp region which encodes the NS5 gene Gly-Asp-Asp motif. To develop a rapid method to classify the genomes of HCV isolates, we identified restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products encoding a portion of the NS5 gene. AluI and AccII enabled HCV to be classified into the K1 and K2 types, and Sau96I enabled classification into the K1 type, and the K2a and K2b subtypes. These RFLPs also generally allow Japanese isolates to be distinguished from the prototype (PT, an isolate from the U.S.A.), which is a K1 type. Sequence analysis of the 5'-untranslated regions of Japanese isolates revealed near identity between the K1 type and PT, and 93 to 94% identity between the K1 and K2 types, indicating that there are type K1- and K2-specific RFLPs in this region. Our results suggest that the nucleotide sequences of the K1 and K2 types are different throughout the HCV genome. The incidence of HCV types K1, K2a and K2b, and PT in 50 samples was 74%, 16%, 8% and 2%, respectively.
Long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2001)

Etanercept continued to be safe and well tolerated, and its clinical benefit was sustained for a median of 25 mo and for as long as 43 mo in patients with RA.
Negative Regulation of G1 in Mammalian Cells: Inhibition of Cyclin E-Dependent Kinase by TGF-β (1993)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a naturally occurring growth inhibitory polypeptide that arrests the cell cycle in middle to late G1 phase. Cells treated with TGF-beta contained normal amounts of cyclin E and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (Cdk2) but failed to stably assemble cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes or accumulate cyclin E-associated kinase activity. Moreover, G1 phase extracts from TGF-beta-treated cells did not support activation of endogenous cyclin-dependent protein kinases by exogenous cyclins. These effects of TGF-beta, which correlated with the inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, suggest that mammalian G1 cyclin-dependent kinases, like their counterparts in yeast, are targets for negative regulators of the cell cycle.
Precise real-time kinematic differential GPS using a cellular radio modem (2003)

Summary form only given. A series of tests involving NovAtel's GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor and a NovAtel CRM (cellular radio module) in a differential kinematic setting was conducted in mid 1991 to assess the accuracies of kinematic GPS positioning. NovAtel has recently developed a GPS receiver. This receiver, available initially for OEM applications, has ten dedicated channels and is capable of extremely accurate and high rate measurements of both the C/A code and the L1 carrier phase of the GPS system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunological Characterization of a Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vector Expressing the Human Papillomavirus 16 E1 Protein (2013)

Women showing normal cytology but diagnosed with a persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection have a higher risk of developing high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer than noninfected women. As no therapeutic management other than surveillance is offered to these women, there is a major challenge to develop novel targeted therapies dedicated to the treatment of these patients. As such, E1 and E2 antigens, expressed early in the HPV life cycle, represent very interesting candidates. Both proteins are necessary for maintaining coordinated viral replication and gene synthesis during the differentiation process of the epithelium and are essential for the virus to complete its normal and propagative replication cycle. In the present study, we evaluated a new active targeted immunotherapeutic, a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector containing the E1 sequence of HPV16, aimed at inducing cellular immune responses with the potential to help and clear persistent HPV16-related infection. We carried out an extensive comparative time course analysis of the cellular immune responses induced by different schedules of immunization in C57BL/6 mice. We showed that multiple injections of MVA-E1 allowed sustained HPV16 E1-specific cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice and had no impact on the exhaustion phenotype of the generated HPV16 E1-specific CD8⁺ T cells, but they led to the differentiation of multifunctional effector T cells with high cytotoxic capacity. This study provides proof of concept that an MVA expressing HPV16 E1 can induce robust and long-lasting E1-specific responses and warrants further development of this candidate.
Systemic Elevation of Proinflammatory Interleukin-18 in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Coinfection Versus HIV or HCV Monoinfection (2016)

HIV/HCV coinfection results in significantly elevated serum IL-18. The elevated levels of this proinflammatory cytokine may explain the increased incidence and progression of inflammatory illnesses seen in coinfected individuals.
The Design and Optimization of the PCR (1989)

In the few years since its introduction,1,2,3 the polymerase chain reaction has already become a widespread research technique. Like the PCR itself, the numbers of its practitioners have been accumulating exponentially and will probably continue to do so in the near future as the method finds wider applications in fields other than molecular biology. This popularity of the PCR is primarily due to its apparent simplicity and high probability of success. Reduced to its most basic terms, PCR merely involves combining a DNA sample with oligonucleotide primers, deoxynucleotide triphosphates, and the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase in a suitable buffer, then repetitively heating and cooling the mixture for several hours until the desired amount of amplification is achieved.
Activation of NK Cells and T Cells by NKG2D, a Receptor for Stress-Inducible MICA (1999)

Stress-inducible MICA, a distant homolog of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, functions as an antigen for gammadelta T cells and is frequently expressed in epithelial tumors. A receptor for MICA was detected on most gammadelta T cells, CD8+ alphabeta T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells and was identified as NKG2D. Effector cells from all these subsets could be stimulated by ligation of NKG2D. Engagement of NKG2D activated cytolytic responses of gammadelta T cells and NK cells against transfectants and epithelial tumor cells expressing MICA. These results define an activating immunoreceptor-MHC ligand interaction that may promote antitumor NK and T cell responses.
Production of Anthocyanins byVitisCells in Suspension Culture (1983)

A large amount of anthocyanin was accumulated in the callus tissues of Vitis hybrids without light irradiation. Culture conditions for the production of anthocyanins by Vitis cells in suspension cultures were investigated. High sucrose and low phosphate concentrations brought about a marked increase of anthocyanin formation, while high concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and 2, 4-D repressed the pigment formation. The effects of these nutrients depended on the concentrations of coexistent ones. Regulation of the aeration rate was important for anthocyanin formation in submerged aerated cultures and light irradiation enhanced anthocyanin formation in cultured cells.
The transforming growth factor‐β–bone morphogenetic protein type signalling pathway in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and disease (2013)

Germ-line mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2; BMPR-II) gene, a transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) receptor superfamily member, cause the majority of cases of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subset of pulmonary hypertension (PH) disorders, which also encompass hypoxia-related lung diseases. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), via BMPR-II, activate the canonical Smad1/5/9 pathway, whereas TGFβs (TGFβ1-3) activate the Smad2/3 pathway via the ALK5 receptor. Dysregulated TGFβ1 signalling is pathogenic in fibrotic diseases. We compared two rat PH models, monocrotaline-induced PAH (MCT-PAH) and chronic normobaric hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 10%), to address whether BMPR-II loss is common to PH and permits pathogenic TGFβ1 signalling. Both models exhibited reduced lung BMPR-II expression, but increased TGFβ1 signalling and decreased BMP signalling were observed only in MCT-PAH. Furthermore, a pharmacological ALK5 inhibitor prevented disease progression in the MCT-PAH model, but not in hypoxia. In vitro studies using human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells showed that TGFβ1 directly inhibits BMP-Smad signalling. In conclusion, BMPR-II loss is common to the hypoxic and MCT-PAH models, but systemic ALK5 inhibition is effective only in the MCT model, highlighting a specific role for TGFβ1 in vascular remodelling in MCT-PAH, potentially via direct inhibition of BMP signalling.
Integrated broadband antennas for photonic-enabled millimetre-wave transmission (2020)

The scope of this doctoral thesis is within the development of advanced wireless communication links operating in the millimetre-wave frequency range, contributing in the development of key requirements, on one hand enhancing the radiated power and enabling the steering of the radiated power. This thesis presents a photonic-based approach to support high data rates and meet the requirements that are expected for next generation systems, defined for beyond 5G (also known as 6G), highly mobile steerable devices.&#13;\nWe present advances in the design and optimization of planar antennas on low-cost laminates integrating high-speed photodiodes in hybrid fashion. We present technique for opto-electronic integration with purpose of maximising the power transfer from photodiodes to the antenna. Both the utilise uni-travelling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) and p-i-n photodiode (PIN-PD) are utilised for this purpose. With the successful demonstration of single-element UTC-PD and PIN-PD emitters, we conduct further research to realise integrated emitter arrays. In this respect, a photonic-integrated emitter with planar phased array antennas is developed using UTC-PDs, providing radiated mm-Wave power of up to -2 dBm. We experimentally demonstrate the photonics-enabled beamsteering over a frequency range of 60 GHz to 70 GHz, with a beam scanning range of 30°. Moreover, using the phased array module, the wireless data transmission is also achieved together while performing beamsteering. As a result, this is the first of its kind system demonstration employing integrated photonic emitter, forming the basis for large-scale integrated antenna arrays for 5G systems.&#13;\nAdditionally, we also demonstrate photonics-based terahertz source working in the J-band (220 – 325 GH) frequency. Two modules are developed by integrating a high-speed InGaAs/InGaAsP PIN photodiode in a WR-03 rectangular waveguide WR-3 package for photonic to terahertz conversion. The first device performs direct photonic to THz conversion, providing an output power of -14.4 dBm (36.3 μW). The second device, is based on a hybrid photonic-electronic technique. By photonic-electronic co-integration, the PIN-PD is coupled to a frequency multiplier chip in a single package, providing the photonic generation and frequency multiplication in the same device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realisation of WR-03-integrated emitter based on a PIN photodiode.&#13;\nFinally, thesis presents the design of ultra-wideband detectors based on Schottky barrier diodes assembled in quasi-optic package. The primary goal is to propose a design for the receivers with large baseband bandwidth, capable of operating across frequency bands in mm-Wave and THz range. A record baseband of 25 GHz is achieved using custom-built detectors. For the proof of concept, experiments are conducted using the custom-built devices capable of transmitting more than 12.5 Gbps of data signals on carrier from mm-Wave to sub-THz.
Design Options for High Efficiency Linear Handset Power Amplifiers (2009)

Design techniques for handset power amplifiers are discussed, with emphasis on high efficiency architectures and CMOS technology. Experimental results with prototype circuits including Doherty, envelope tracking, outphasing and digital polar modulation are presented. Future design challenges are also highlighted.
The “Grey” Ghetto: Key Issues Related to Public Policy Research Literature (1990)

“Grey”, “ephemeral”, “fugitive”, and “non‐trade” are terms used to describe the unique publications issued by American private public policy research organizations. These research organizations often publish the best and brightest analytical thinking about public problem‐solving and wield considerable influence in the process of national policymaking. Information professionals, responsible for social science collections, have for decades agonized over issues related to acquiring, cataloging, and organizing this unorthodox literature. Librarians have traditionally viewed this body of literature as too difficult and laborious to locate and inferior by library standards to sit on open shelves among the general collection.
Ascorbate Free-Radical Reduction by Glyoxysomal Membranes (1990)

Glyoxysomal membranes from germinating castor bean (Ricinus communis L. cv Hale) endosperm contain an NADH dehydrogenase. This enzyme can utilize extraorganellar ascorbate free-radical as a substrate and can oxidize NADH at a rate which can support intraglyoxysomal demand for NAD(+). NADH:ascorbate free-radical reductase was found to be membrane-associated, and the activity remained in the membrane fraction after lysis of glyoxysomes by osmotic shock, followed by pelleting of the membranes. In whole glyoxysomes, NADH:ascorbate free-radical reductase, like NADH:ferricyanide reductase and unlike NADH:cytochrome c reductase, was insensitive to trypsin and was not inactivated by Triton X-100 detergent. These results suggest that ascorbate free-radical is reduced by the same component which reduces ferricyanide in the glyoxysomal membrane redox system. NADH:ascorbate free-radical reductase comigrated with NADH:ferricyanide and cytochrome c reductases when glyoxy-somal membranes were solubilized with detergent and subjected to rate-zonal centrifugation. The results suggest that ascorbate free-radical, when reduced to ascorbate by membrane redox system, could serve as a link between glyoxysomal metabolism and other cellular activities.
Improving Children’s Speech Recognition Through Out-of-Domain Data Augmentation (2016)

Children's speech poses challenges to speech recognition due to strong age-dependent anatomical variations and a lack of large, publicly-available corpora. In this paper we explore data augmentation for children's speech recognition using stochastic feature mapping (SFM) to transform out-of-domain adult data for both GMM-based and DNN-based acoustic models. We performed experiments on the English PF-STAR corpus, augmenting using WSJCAM0 and ABI. Our experimental results indicate that a DNN acoustic model for childrens speech can make use of adult data, and that out-of-domain SFM is more accurate than in-domain SFM.
Coherent demodulation of optical quadrature duobinary signal with spectral efficiency of 4 bit/s/Hz per polarization (2007)

We demonstrate demodulation of a 20 Gbits optical quadrature duobinary signal using the digital coherent receiver. The spectral efficiency reaches 4 bits polarisation owing to the narrowband duobinary coded signal and quadrature modulation. (2 pages)
Prevention of endotoxin-induced systemic response by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in mice (2007)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) appear to be important in repair of the chronic lung injury caused by bleomycin in mice. To determine effects of these BMDMSCs on an acute inflammatory response, we injected C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg endotoxin followed either by intravenous infusion of 5 x 10(5) BMDMSCs, the same number of lung fibroblasts, or an equal volume of normal saline solution. Lungs harvested 6, 24, and 48 h and 14 days after endotoxin showed that BMDMSC administration prevented endotoxin-induced lung inflammation, injury, and edema. Although we were able to detect donor cells in the lungs at 1 day after endotoxin, by 14 days no donor cells were detected. BMDMSC administration suppressed the endotoxin-induced increase in circulating proinflammatory cytokines without decreasing circulating levels of anti-inflammatory mediators. Ex vivo cocultures of BMDMSC and lung cells from endotoxemic animals demonstrated a bilateral conversation in which lung cells stimulated proliferation and migration of stem cells and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production by lung cells. We conclude that BMDMSCs decrease both the systemic and local inflammatory responses induced by endotoxin. These effects do not require either lung engraftment or differentiation of the stem cells and are due at least in part to the production of stem cell chemoattractants by the lungs and to humoral and physical interactions between stem cells and lung cells. We speculate that mobilization of this population of BMDMSCs may be a general mechanism for modulating an acute inflammatory response.
Making multimedia meeting records more meaningful (2003)

Meetings contain a large amount of rich project information that is often not documented. Capturing audio and video of a meeting can provide a comprehensive meeting record. However, finding detailed information in that record can be challenging because there is no structural information other than time to help the user navigate. This paper surveys various ways of creating indices into meeting records and introduces the notion of creating indices based upon user interaction with domain-specific artifacts. As an example, we present a prototype system that uses general team artifacts to provide meaningful pointers into the meeting record.
Efficacy of a New Warm Moist Air Device on Tear Functions of Patients With Simple Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2006)

Warm moist air device use provided symptomatic relief of ocular fatigue and improvement of tear stability in patients with MGD. The new warm moist air device seems to be a safe and promising alternative in the treatment of MGD.