gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gluten Stimulation of Coeliac Mucosa In Vitro Induces Activation (CD25) of Lamina Propria CD4H T cells and Macrophages but no Crypt‐Cell Hyperplasia (1993)

Jejunal biopsy specimens from 10 patients with treated coeliac disease and seven non-coeliac controls were challenged in vitro with peptic-tryptic gluten digest. Mucosal T cells were examined in situ by three-colour immunofluorescence staining for expression of the activation marker CD25 (the p55 alpha-chain of interleukin-2 receptor) and the nuclear proliferation marker revealed by monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Intraepithelial T cells expressed CD25 rarely whereas the proportion of activated lamina propria T cells increased (P < 0.002) from median 2.8% (cultured with 20% fetal calf serum alone for 24-48 h) to 10.0% after 24 h with gluten (n = 10; range 1.1-17.4%) and to 10.4% after 48 h (n = 7; range 1.4-17.5%). Such gluten-induced increase of CD25+ T cells was not observed in specimens from non-coeliac control subjects. Crypt-cell hyperplasia and T-cell proliferation (Ki-67+) were observed neither in the coeliac nor in the control mucosae after gluten stimulation. Three-colour staining combining a polyclonal antibody reagent to CD3 and a monoclonal antibody to CD25 with a monoclonal antibody to CD45R0, CD4, CD8, the p75 beta-chain of interleukin-2 receptor, integrin alpha E beta 7, or HLA-DR showed that most of the CD25+ T cells (> 90%) were CD4+CD8-, co-expressed CD45R0 and the p75 beta-chain, and often also the integrin alpha E beta 7 but not HLA-DR. In addition to these activated T cells, a dominating population of CD25+CD3-CD4+ subepithelial pan-HLA-class II+ macrophages (CD68+) with variable expression of the p75 beta-chain was often induced by gluten challenge.
A Fixed-Point Continuation Method for L_1-Regularization with Application to Compressed Sensing (2007)

We consider solving minimization problems with L_1-regularization: min ||x||_1 + mu f(x) particularly for f(x) = (1/2)||Ax-b||M2, where A is m by n and m &lt; n. Our goal is to construct efficient and robust algorithms for solving large-scale problems with dense data, and our approach is based on two powerful algorithmic ideas: operator-splitting and continuation. This paper establishes q-linear convergence rates for our algorithm applied to problems with f(x) convex, but not necessarily strictly convex. We present numerical results for several types of compressed sensing problems, and show that our algorithm compares favorably with three state-of-the-art algorithms when applied to large-scale problems with noisy data.
Gene selection algorithm by combining reliefF and mRMR (2008)

The experimental results show that the mRMR-ReliefF gene selection algorithm is very effective.
High-performance liquid affinity chromatography: rapid immunoanalysis of transferrin in serum. (1988)

We describe a new method for quantitatively measuring substances of clinical interest by high-performance liquid affinity chromatography (HPLAC). As a model system we selected analysis for transferrin in human serum with immobilized antibodies in a high-performance liquid chromatographic system. SelectiSpher-10 Activated Tresyl columns (5 or 10 x 0.5 cm) were used for in situ coupling of polyclonal antibodies to transferrin. The amount of transferrin eluted was determined by integrating the eluted peak at 280 nm. The whole analytical procedure--including injection of sample, washing, elution, and analysis of data--takes only 7 min. We characterized the HPLAC system for analysis of transferrin in several ways: intra-assay CV approximately 3%; inter-assay CV 2-9%; linear response up to 1 mg/mL column volume; detection limit approximately 3 micrograms; analytical recovery 98% +/- 2%; purity of eluted sample greater than 95% (SDS-PAGE). The HPLAC method was compared with "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis, a commonly used method of analysis for transferrin, and there was excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.96, n = 60). Benefits of this HPLAC technique include high precision, rapid analysis, and simplified sample handling.
Chimeric polioviruses that include sequences derived from two independent antigenic sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) induce neutralizing antibodies against FMDV in guinea pigs (1991)

Five poliovirus recombinants containing sequences corresponding to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigenic sites were constructed. Viable virus was recovered from four of these plasmids, in which the VP1 beta B-beta C loop (antigenic site 1) of poliovirus type 1 Sabin had been replaced with sequences derived from the VP1 beta G-beta H loop (antigenic site 1) of FMDV O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K), chimera O1.1 (residues 141 to 154), chimera O1.2 (residues 147 to 156), and chimera O1.3 (residues 140 to 160) or from the beta B-beta C loop of VP1 (antigenic site 3) in chimera O3.1 (residues 40 to 49). One chimera (O1.3) was neutralized by FMDV-specific polyclonal serum and monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic site 1 of FMDV. Chimeras O1.3 and O3.1 induced site-specific FMDV-neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. Chimera O1.3 was capable of inducing a protective response against FMDV challenge in some guinea pigs.
Structural and magnetic properties of the Heusler compound Fe2MnGa (2013)

We report a structural and magnetization study of the Heusler compound Fe2MnGa. The sample shows a single cubic phase with a large Curie temperature (TC) of 750 K. The sample undergoes a disorder induced first-order ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition around the room temperature. This transition results in a mixed AFM and FM phases. A large exchange bias (EB) of 0.12 T is observed for a cooling field of 0.5 T. The EB decreases to a near saturation value of 0.07 T for a cooling field of 7 T. The ac-susceptibility measurements confirm that no spin-glass type of magnetic state is present in the sample.
Metal–ligand geometry relevant to proteins and in proteins: sodium and potassium (2002)

In previous papers [Harding (2001), Acta Cryst. D57, 401-411, and references therein] the geometry of metal-ligand interactions was examined for six metals (Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) using the Protein Data Bank and compared with information from accurately determined structures of relevant small-molecule crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database. Here, the environments of Na(+) and K(+) ions found in protein crystal structures are examined in an equivalent way. Target M(+).O distances are proposed and the agreement with observed distances is summarized. The commonest interactions are with water molecules and the next commonest with main-chain carbonyl O atoms.
Tenascin-C Is a Novel RBPJκ-Induced Target Gene for Notch Signaling in Gliomas (2009)

Tenascin-C (TNC) expression is known to correlate with malignancy in glioblastoma (GBM), a highly invasive and aggressive brain tumor that shows limited response to conventional therapies. In these malignant gliomas as well as in GBM cell lines, we found Notch2 protein to be strongly expressed. In a GBM tumor tissue microarray, RBPJk protein, a Notch2 cofactor for transcription, was found to be significantly coexpressed with TNC. We show that the TNC gene is transactivated by Notch2 in an RBPJk-dependent manner mediated by an RBPJk binding element in the TNC promoter. The transactivation is abrogated by a Notch2 mutation, which we detected in the glioma cell line Hs683 that does not express TNC. This L1711M mutation resides in the RAM domain, the site of interaction between Notch2 and RBPJk. In addition, transfection of constructs encoding activated Notch2 or Notch1 increased endogenous TNC expression identifying TNC as a novel Notch target gene. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of the transcriptional coactivator MAML1 or knocking down RBPJk in LN319 cells led to a dramatic decrease in TNC protein levels accompanied by a significant reduction of cell migration. Because addition of purified TNC stimulated glioma cell migration, this represents a mechanism for the invasive properties of glioma cells controlled by Notch signaling and defines a novel oncogenic pathway in gliomagenesis that may be targeted for therapeutic intervention in GBM patients.
Virus maturation as a new HIV-1 therapeutic target (2009)

Development of novel therapeutic targets against HIV-1 is a high research priority owing to the serious clinical consequences associated with acquisition of resistance to current antiretroviral drugs. The HIV-1 structural protein Gag represents a potential new therapeutic target as it plays a central role in virus particle production yet is not targeted by any of the antiretroviral drugs approved at present. The Gag polyprotein precursor multimerizes to form immature particles that bud from the infected cell. Concomitant with virus release, the Gag precursor undergoes proteolytic processing by the viral protease to generate the mature Gag proteins, which include capsid (CA). Once liberated from the Gag polyprotein precursor, CA molecules interact to reassemble into a condensed conical core, which organizes the viral RNA genome and several viral proteins to facilitate virus replication in the next round of infection. Correct Gag proteolytic processing and core assembly are therefore essential for virus infectivity. In this review, we discuss new strategies to inhibit maturation by targeting proteolytic cleavage sites in Gag or CA-CA interactions required for core formation. The identification and development of lead maturation inhibitors are highlighted.
Modern Information Retrieval (1999)

Information retrieval (IR) has changed considerably in the last years with the expansion of the Web (World Wide Web) and the advent of modern and inexpensive graphical user interfaces and mass storage devices. As a result, traditional IR textbooks have become quite out-of-date which has led to the introduction of new IR books recently. Nevertheless, we believe that there is still great need of a book that approaches the field in a rigorous and complete way from a computer-science perspective (in opposition to a user-centered perspective). This book is an effort to partially fulfill this gap and should be useful for a first course on information retrieval as well as for a graduate course on the topic. The book
Protocol for peer-to-peer networking in mobile environments (2004)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) as well as mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) follow the same idea of creating a network without the help of central entities. However P2P and MANETs operate on different network layers. A combination of both, creates new services and possibilities, but also faces several problems. Introducing P2P computing in ad-hoc networks without considering the particular requirements of ad hoc networks has a poor performance. This paper addresses these problems and introduces the mobile peer-to-peer protocol (MPP) suite as novel approach. It spans from the network layer to the application layer, and tries to reuse existing protocols as far as possible. MPP allows a realistic operation of Peer-to-Peer services over ad hoc networks. The Peer-to-Peer layer must be well aware about the wireless network to minimize the traffic and to cope with frequent route breaks. Additionally the network layer needs knowledge about the Peer-to-Peer application, in order to establish routes only to appropriate communication partners. MPP thus forms the necessary framework to allow the creation of a vast variety of different services over ad hoc networks.
Efficacy of beta 1-adrenergic receptors is lower than that of beta 2-adrenergic receptors. (1993)

We investigated the relative activity at which fully occupied human beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors (beta 1AR and beta 2AR) activate the stimulatory G protein (Gs)/adenylyl cyclase (AC) system in isolated membranes. The receptors were cloned and coexpressed in permanent cell lines at beta 1/beta 2 ratios that varied from 1:2 to 3:1 and at total receptor abundance that ranged from 8 to 2200 fmol/mg of membrane protein. Cell lines expressing beta 1AR or beta 2AR alone were also obtained. Competitive inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated AC activity by the beta 2-selective antagonist ICI 118551 showed in all cases that maximal stimulation elicited by beta 1AR was lower than when it was elicited by equivalent densities of beta 2AR. This was especially noticeable at limiting concentrations of receptor, where the beta 1AR-mediated effect was < 10% of that mediated by beta 2AR. At receptor concentrations > 1000 fmol/mg of protein, stimulation by beta 2AR appeared to reach a maximum, while stimulation by beta 1AR continued to increase, so that at 3200 fmol/mg, beta 1AR-stimulated activity was 80% of beta 2AR-stimulated activity. It is clear that the degree to which a given receptor system is able to activate the Gs/AC system depends not only on its abundance but also on an activity parameter determined by the nature of the receptor, which we refer to as receptor efficacy. For human beta ARs, this efficacy parameter is much lower for the beta 1 subtype than for its beta 2 counterpart. The more effective stimulation of AC through beta 2AR than through beta 1AR is an inherent property of the receptor and not the cell in which it is expressed.
Endoscopic Oncology (2006)

The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication.Notwithstanding, as new research, changes in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings and contraindications.This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug.It is the responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients.Further it is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the Food and Drug Administration status of each drug or device used in their clinical practice.The publisher, editors, and authors are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from the application of the information presented in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the contents in this publication.
Arc based cone-beam reconstruction algorithm using an equal weighting scheme (2007)

Conventionally, the FDK algorithm is used to reconstruct images in many imaging systems where cone-beam projections are acquired from a single circular scanning path in a 2π angular range (full scan mode) and has been heuristically extended to a π+fan angle angular range (short-scan mode). In this paper, a new cone-beam reconstruction algorithm is derived for a single arc source trajectory with an equal weighting scheme. This algorithm is derived in the Katsevich framework. Since the single arc does not satisfy Tuy's data sufficiency condition, the resulting algorithm is an approximate reconstruction algorithm. The feature of one-dimensional (1D) shift-invariant filtering in the conventional FDK algorithm is nicely preserved. The new algorithm includes a voxel dependent backprojection step of weighted combinations of 1D Hilbert filtered data, after an initial differentiation operation. In comparing the new algorithm with the standard FDK: the new algorithm intrinsically handles full scan, short scan and super-short scan modes. Numerical simulations have been performed to validate the algorithm, and demonstrate more quantitatively correct density values when reconstructing points away from the central slice. Noise performance was assessed for both the new algorithm and the FDK algorithm using simulated Poisson noise.
878. Correction of Maternal Phenylketonuria Syndrome in the Pahenu2 Missense Mutant Mouse by r-AAV Mediated Gene Therapy (2004)

The current treatment for Phenylketonuria (PKU) is strict, lifelong, restriction of phenylalanine (Phe) in the diet. While the deleterious effects of PKU are alleviated by diet, patient compliance, especially in adults, can be poor. A second problem is the rise in Maternal PKU Syndrome, the greatly increased incidence of neurological damage in the offspring of PKU mothers who were unable to maintain good physiological control of Phe levels during pregnancy. We have previously reported long-term therapeutic correction of serum Phe levels in the Pahenu2 BTBR mouse model of PKU, using recombinant Type 2 Adeno Associated Virus vectors carrying the mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (rAAV-mPAH). A second rAAV-mPAH vector now contains the WPRE element (rAAV-mPAH-WPRE). Portal vein injection of this vector into male Pahenu2 mice lowered serum phe to therapeutic levels (<0.5 μM) at 10-fold lower doses than vectors lacking the WPRE element. WPRE-containing vectors were able to lower serum Phe levels to physiological levels (0.05-0.1 μM) at vector doses of 2.5 × 1010 I.U. However, as previously reported, female PKU mice were unresponsive to doses effective in males, although a therapeutic reduction is now seen with rAAV-mPAH-WPRE vector doses of 1.5 × 1011 I.U. The presence of a dominant-negative interaction between normal subunits of the PAH tetramer made from the vector-delivered gene and the endogenous PAH missense subunits is a possible explanation of these results (See abstract by Charron et.al.). The relative inefficiency of rAAV gene therapy in treating the Pahenu2 mouse emphasizes the importance of examining the full spectrum of natural (missense as well as null) mutations to evaluate the effectiveness of gene therapy for treating human genetic disease.
Trehazolin, a new trehalase inhibitor. (1991)

During the course of screening for inhibitors of trehalase, we found the pseudodisaccharide termed trehazolin1 (1) in a culture broth of Micromonospora, strain SANK 62390n. This paper describes the isolation, structure determination, and inhibitory activity of trehazolin.
Continuous intravenous infusions of bromodeoxyuridine as a clinical radiosensitizer. (1984)

Twelve patients were treated with continuous intravenous (24-hour) infusions of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at 650 or 1,000 mg/m2/d for up to two weeks. Myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia, was the major systemic toxicity and limited the infusion period to nine to 14 days. However, bone marrow recovery occurred within seven to ten days, allowing for a second infusion in most patients. Local toxicity (within the radiation field) was minimal, with the exception of one of four patients, who underwent abdominal irradiation. Pharmacology studies revealed a steady-state arterial plasma level of 6 X 10(-7) mol/L and 1 X 10(-6) mol/L during infusion of 650 and 1,000 mg/m2/d, respectively. In vivo BUdR uptake into normal bone marrow was evaluated in two patients by comparison of preinfusion and postinfusion in vitro radiation survival curves of marrow CFUc with enhancement ratios (D0-pre/D0-post) of 1.8 (with 650 mg/m2/d) and 2.5 (with 1,000 mg/m2/d). In vivo BUdR incorporation into normal skin and tumor cells using an anti-BUdR monoclonal antibody and immunohistochemistry was demonstrated in biopsies from three patients revealing substantially less cellular incorporation into normal skin (less than 10%) compared with tumor (up to 50% to 70%). We conclude that local and systemic toxicity of continuous infusion of BUdR at 1,000 mg/m2/d for approximately two weeks is tolerable. The observed normal tissue toxicity is comparable with our previous clinical experience with intermittent (12 hours every day for two weeks) infusions of BUdR. Theoretically, a constant infusion should allow for greater incorporation of BUdR into cycling tumor cells and thus, for further enhancement of radiosensitization.
Digital signatures for flows and multicasts (1999)

We present chaining techniques for signing/verifying multiple packets using a single signing/verification operation. We then present flow signing and verification procedures based upon a tree-chaining technique. Since a single signing/verification operation is amortized over many packets, these procedures improve signing and verification rates by one to two orders of magnitude, compared to the approach of signing/verifying packets individually. Our procedures do not depend upon reliable delivery of packets. They also provide delay-bounded signing, and are thus suitable for delay-sensitive flows and multicast applications. To further improve our procedures, we propose several extensions to the Feige-Fiat-Shamir (1987) digital signature scheme to substantially speed up both the signing and verification operations, as well as to allow "adjustable and incremental" verification. The extended scheme, called eFFS, is compared to four other digital signature schemes (RSA, DSA, ElGamal (1985), and Rabin). We compare their signing and verification times, as well as key and signature sizes. We observe that: (1) eFFS is the fastest in signing (by a large margin over any of the other four schemes) and as fast as RSA in verification (tie for a close second behind Rabin (1979)); (2) eFFS allows a tradeoff between memory and signing/verification time; and (3) eFFS allows adjustable and incremental verification by receivers.
Properties of Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing Glycoproteins of Filoviruses and Arenaviruses (2004)

Replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSVs) expressing the type I transmembrane glycoproteins and selected soluble glycoproteins of several viral hemorrhagic fever agents (Marburg virus, Ebola virus, and Lassa virus) were generated and characterized. All recombinant viruses exhibited rhabdovirus morphology and replicated cytolytically in tissue culture. Unlike the rVSVs with an additional transcription unit expressing the soluble glycoproteins, the viruses carrying the foreign transmembrane glycoproteins in replacement of the VSV glycoprotein were slightly attenuated in growth. Biosynthesis and processing of the foreign glycoproteins were authentic, and the cell tropism was defined by the transmembrane glycoprotein. None of the rVSVs displayed pathogenic potential in animals. The rVSV expressing the Zaire Ebola virus transmembrane glycoprotein mediated protection in mice against a lethal Zaire Ebola virus challenge. Our data suggest that the recombinant VSV can be used to study the role of the viral glycoproteins in virus replication, immune response, and pathogenesis.
[Therapeutic effect of L-ornithine-L-aspartate on liver cirrhosis complicated by hepatic encephalopathy]. (2005)

L-ornithine-L-aspartate is effective for hepatic encephalopathy and has not obvious side effect.
Reducing conventional copper signaling in high voltage substations with IEC 61850 process bus system (2009)

This paper describes a practical IEC 61850 process bus architecture suitable for high voltage substations. The presented system eliminates the need for thousands of copper wires in a substation and replaces them with a few fiber optics cables, and can save utilities spending related to current installation and maintenance costs while at the same time increasing worker safety and power system reliability. The paper contains application example as well as description of experience from the real installation of the process bus system at 345 kV substation.