gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor on DNA breakage and cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide and ?-radiation (1996)

The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is activated upon recognition of DNA strand breaks by its DNA-binding domain and the stimulation of this nuclear enzyme seems to be an early response of cells exposed to a variety of different DNA-damaging agents. In the present work we evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide and gamma-radiation on DNA strand breaks in human leukocytes in the presence and in the absence of 3-aminobenzamide (3AB), a potent inhibitor of PARP. Our results have shown differences in the role poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by hydrogen peroxide and gamma-radiation. We observed a PARP-dependent recovery of DNA strand breaks at the incubation time of 20-30 min in leukocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide. The repair of DNA strand breaks induced by gamma-radiation seems to be dependent on oxygen radical scavenging and the stimulation of PARP could be related to the protection of DNA strand breaks from hydroxyl radicals.
Mathematical models of hierarchically structured cell populations under equilibrium with application to the epidermis (2003)

There are three categories of keratinocytes in the germinative compartment of the epidermis - stem, transit-amplifying and post-mitotic. Their population structure is hierarchical. This means that stem cells differentiate into transit-amplifying cells which, after a few rounds of division, become post-mitotic cells. The cell processes of birth, differentiation, death and migration affect the composition and proliferation rate of the germinative compartment. These phenomena are quantified by various cell kinetic parameters. In this paper we derive equations that relate these parameters for different models of hierarchically structured cell populations in equilibrium. We include in the models asymmetric and symmetric division, variations in cell-cycle times, apoptosis and variation in the number of transit generations. We conclude that variation in cell-cycle times need only be considered if apoptosis is not negligible. If it is negligible, then only average cell-cycle times are needed. Unfortunately, it is impossible to predict the importance of apoptosis from the available experimental data. However, the strength of its effect is determined by the other parameters, especially the fraction of cycling stem cells. We show that variation in the number of transit generations can have a potentially large effect on cell birth rate. We also show that cell birth rate does not directly depend on the mean transit-amplifying cell-cycle time, only on the mean stem cell-cycle time. We argue that 'homogeneous cell population' equations should not be used to study hierarchical cell populations as has been done in the past. Finally we argue that stem cell parameters and transit-amplifying cell parameters should not be lumped together.
Topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon evaluated in a cutaneous herpes guinea pig model (1989)

The topical delivery of liposomally encapsulated interferon was evaluated in the cutaneous herpes simplex virus guinea pig model. Application of liposomally entrapped interferon caused a reduction of lesion scores, whereas application of interferon formulated as a solution or as an emulsion was ineffective. The method of liposomal preparation rather than the lipid composition of the bilayers appeared to be the most important factor for reducing lesion scores. Only liposomes prepared by the dehydration-rehydration method were effective. This finding implied that the dehydration and subsequent rehydration of the liposomes facilitate partitioning of the interferon into liposomal bilayers, where the drug is positioned for transfer into the lipid compartment of the stratum corneum. Liposomes do not appear to function as permeation enhancers but seem to provide the needed physicochemical environment for transfer of interferon into the skin.
INVERTED OPEN MICROWELLS FOR ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL SORTING OF SINGLE LIVE CELLS (2011)

We present a novel method for the isolation, functional analysis and sorting of single cells or small cellular aggregates. In- verted open microwells featuring a microchannel on top, an open air-fluid interface on bottom side and embedded electrodes were implemented on flexible-PCB technology. Microwell arrays in pitch with standard microtiter plates were implemented. K562 cells were delivered to the microwells and trapped at the air-flow interface. Cell delivery and aggregate formation were controlled by dielectrophoresis. Continuous fluid replacement around the cells during the experiment was demonstrated. After analysis, live cells were easily recovered to standard plates where cell growth was demonstrated.
Recanalization of arteries by laser radiation (1984)

Following the success of balloon angioplasty as a non-operative technique for the recanalization of stenosed arteries, particularly those of the heart itself, work is being carried out to determine whether it would be possible to use laser radiation for this purpose. Both Nd:YAG and argon radiation have been shown to be capable of destroying atheromatous plaque, the major problem in vivo being perforation of the artery wall. The technique shows promise but much experimental work remains to be done.
CD271 as a marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells from diverse sources before culture (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their characteristics are ideal candidates for cellular therapy. Currently, in culture these cells are defined by their adherence to plastic, specific surface antigen expression and multipotent differentiation potential. However, the in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells, before culture, is not so well established. Pre-culture identification markers would ensure higher purity than that obtained with selection based on adherence to plastic. Up until now, CD271 has been described as the most specific marker for the characterization and purification of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This marker has been shown to be specifically expressed by these cells. Thus, CD271 has been proposed as a versatile marker to selectively isolated and expand multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with both immunosuppressive and lymphohematopoietic engraftment-promoting properties. This review focuses on this marker, specifically on identification of mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues. Literature revision suggests that CD271 should not be defined as a universal marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells before culture from different sources. In the case of bone marrow or adipose tissue, CD271 could be considered a quite suitable marker; however this marker seems to be inadequate for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from other tissues such as umbilical cord blood or wharton's jelly among others.
A transient analysis of latchup in bulk CMOS (1983)

This paper presents an analytical model of transient latchup in bulk CMOS that predicts the time-dependent current and voltage characteristics of the parasitic p-n-p-n structure. Not only does the model describe the conditions for transient latchup, but it also predicts a previously unreported phenomenon of dynamic recovery, which we have verified experimentally. Compact Stability criteria are presented for the p-n-p-n structure that delineate the roles of ramp rate and circuit parameters.
A 6.5 GHz monolithic CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (2003)

Phase noise and frequency tuning range are key performance parameters of high-frequency voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). To achieve low phase noise, LC sinusoidal oscillators with high quality factor (Q) are preferred to other topologies, such as inverter-based ring oscillators. The frequency tuning of LC oscillators can be readily achieved with varactor diodes either on-chip or external. The frequency tuning range is often limited by low supply voltage and maximum variable capacitance available to varactors at high frequencies when on-chip inductors are used. Other frequency tuning approaches include varying current in the resonator to alter effective capacitance, or varying relative weighting between two different LC resonators. While the former approach varies loop gain in addition to the phase, the latter requires careful choice of the resonators and their Qs for stable oscillations. This VCO architecture incorporates two coupled fixed-frequency LC oscillators to generate a variable-frequency output by varying the coupling between two oscillators.
Defective interfering viral particles in acute dengue infections (2011)

While much of the genetic variation in RNA viruses arises because of the error-prone nature of their RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, much larger changes may occur as a result of recombination. An extreme example of genetic change is found in defective interfering (DI) viral particles, where large sections of the genome of a parental virus have been deleted and the residual sub-genome fragment is replicated by complementation by co-infecting functional viruses. While most reports of DI particles have referred to studies in vitro, there is some evidence for the presence of DI particles in chronic viral infections in vivo. In this study, short fragments of dengue virus (DENV) RNA containing only key regulatory elements at the 3' and 5' ends of the genome were recovered from the sera of patients infected with any of the four DENV serotypes. Identical RNA fragments were detected in the supernatant from cultures of Aedes mosquito cells that were infected by the addition of sera from dengue patients, suggesting that the sub-genomic RNA might be transmitted between human and mosquito hosts in defective interfering (DI) viral particles. In vitro transcribed sub-genomic RNA corresponding to that detected in vivo could be packaged in virus like particles in the presence of wild type virus and transmitted for at least three passages in cell culture. DENV preparations enriched for these putative DI particles reduced the yield of wild type dengue virus following co-infections of C6-36 cells. This is the first report of DI particles in an acute arboviral infection in nature. The internal genomic deletions described here are the most extensive defects observed in DENV and may be part of a much broader disease attenuating process that is mediated by defective viruses.
Low-dose adrenocorticotropin test in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (2001)

Adrenocortical insufficiency is a serious complication of AIDS. Usually, integrity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in AIDS patients is assessed by measuring basal cortisol levels and cortisol response to 250 microg of ACTH. Recent studies suggest that a lower ACTH dose increases the sensitivity of the procedure. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of adrenal hypofunction in AIDS patients using a low-dose ACTH test (1 microg), evaluated the clinical characteristics that might suggest this diagnosis, and the diseases and/or drugs that could be associated with it. We prospectively evaluated 63 very ill AIDS patients and 16 normal controls. A standard examination assessed the presence of signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Blood samples were collected before and 30 and 40 minutes after an injection of 1 microg 1-24 ACTH. No opportunistic disease, signs, symptoms or drugs were associated with an abnormal cortisol response to ACTH. The lowest stimulated cortisol level in the control group was 18.5 microg/dL; cortisol levels > or = 18 microg/dL were taken to indicate a normal HPA axis. Test results revealed that 12/63 AIDS patients (19%) had an abnormal HPA axis. With these data in mind, we suggest a prospective adrenal function evaluation of all severely ill AIDS patients.
TLR9 agonists as adjuvants for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. (2007)

Distinct immune responses are required for efficient elimination of different pathogens. Programming of the desired type of immune response by safe non-replicating vaccines requires suitable vaccine adjuvants that determine the magnitude and quality of immune responses elicited. Unfortunately, rational vaccine design with a logical choice of adjuvants is hampered by a lack of knowledge about the mechanism(s) of adjuvant activity. Synthetic natural and non-natural oligodeoxynucleotides containing specific motifs centered on a CpG dinucleotide are potent immunostimulatory agents through their binding to toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). The evolutionary conservation of TLR9 function and the broad therapeutic potential of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides make them of considerable interest for use in human and veterinary medicine. Recent advances in the development and utility of TLR9 agonists in prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases are focused on.
Multiplex Imaging of Single Tumor Cells Using Quantum‐Dot‐Conjugated Aptamers (2009)

Aptamers conjugated with quantum dots (QDs) bind to target molecules on the cellular membrane of cancer cells. QDs with a carboxyl terminal are conjugated with three types of tumor-targeting aptamer (see picture). Various types of cancer cell are simultaneously targeted with QD-TTA1 (605nm, light green), QD-AS1411 (655nm, red), and QD-MUC-1 (705nm, violet). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessment of female sexual arousal: Response specificity and construct validity (1995)

Specificity of vaginal pulse amplitude and vaginal blood volume in reaction to visual sexual stimuli was investigated by comparing responses to sexual, anxiety-inducing, sexually threatening, and neutral film excerpts. Subjective sexual arousal, body sensations, emotional experience, skin conductance, and heart rate were monitored along with the genital measures. Self-report data confirmed the generation of affective states as intended. Results demonstrated response specificity of vaginal vasocongestion to sexual stimuli. In terms of both convergent and divergent validity, vaginal pulse amplitude was the superior genital measure. Skin conductance discriminated among stimuli only to a small degree, whereas heart rate failed to discriminate among stimuli altogether.
Screen for Chemical Modulators of Autophagy Reveals Novel Therapeutic Inhibitors of mTORC1 Signaling (2009)

The observation that drugs already approved for human use can reversibly inhibit mTORC1 and stimulate autophagy should greatly facilitate the preclinical and clinical testing of mTORC1 inhibition for indications such as tuberous sclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Parkinson's disease is not associated with the combined α‐synuclein/apolipoprotein E susceptibility genotype (2001)

A recent study showed significant association of sporadic Parkinson's disease with a polymorphism within the α-synuclein gene and closely linked DNA markers on chromosome 4q and the APOE ε4 allele. A combined α-synuclein/APOE-ε4 genotype increased the relative risk of developing Parkinson's disease 12-fold. We failed to confirm this association in a much larger sample of histopathologically proven cases of Parkinson's disease and controls.
Interaction of Rho‐kinase with myosin II at stress fibres (2004)

Rho-kinase and myosin phosphatase cooperatively regulate the phosphorylation level of myosin light chain and are involved in the formation of stress fibres and smooth muscle contraction. Rho-kinase has been known to be localized at stress fibres, but little is known about the mechanism of its localization. Here we identified non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA and IIB as the pleckstrin homology domain-interacting molecules by affinity column chromatography. The pleckstrin homology domain of Rho-kinase binds to myosin II directly in in vitro cosedimentation assay. The C-terminal region of the pleckstrin homology domain was important for this interaction, and the point mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain mutant (W1170A, W1340L) resulted in a decrease in the binding. We also found that the pleckstrin homology domain, but not the pleckstrin homology domain mutant (W1170A, W1340L), was localized at stress fibres in fibroblasts. These results indicate that Rho-kinase is localized at stress fibres through binding of the pleckstrin homology domain to myosin II.
Establishing Microporosity in Open Metal−Organic Frameworks:  Gas Sorption Isotherms for Zn(BDC) (BDC = 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate) (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEstablishing Microporosity in Open Metal−Organic Frameworks: Gas Sorption Isotherms for Zn(BDC) (BDC = 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate)Hailian Li, Mohamed Eddaoudi, Thomas L. Groy, and O. M. YaghiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 33, 8571–8572Publication Date (Web):August 11, 1998Publication History Received14 May 1998Published online11 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981669xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981669xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16948Altmetric-Citations996LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adsorption isotherms,Layers,Materials,Porosity,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Sporotrichum thermophile Growth, Cellulose Degradation, and Cellulase Activity (1987)

The activity of components of the extracellular cellulase system of the thermophilic fungus Sporotrichum thermophile showed appreciable differences between strains; beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was the most variable component. Although its endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and exoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.91) activities were markedly lower, S. thermophile degraded cellulose faster than Trichoderma reesei. The production of beta-glucosidase lagged behind that of endoglucanase and exoglucanase. The latter activities were produced during active growth. When growth was inhibited by cycloheximide treatment, the hydrolysis of cellulose was lower than in the control in spite of the presence of both endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in the culture medium. Degradation of cellulose was a growth-associated process, with cellulase preparations hydrolyzing cellulose only to a limited extent. The growth rate and cell density of S. thermophile were similar in media containing cellulose or glucose. A distinctive feature of fungal development in media incorporating cellulose or lactose (inducers of cellulase activity) was the rapid differentiation of reproductive units and autolysis of hyphal cells to liberate propagules which were capable of renewing growth immediately.
Clinical contributions of exhaled volatile organic compounds in the diagnosis of lung cancer (2017)

Measurements of exhaled VOCs by a double cold-trap method may help diagnose lung cancer and monitor its progression and regression.
Fast spin echo and fast gradient echo MRI with low acoustic noise (2001)

It has been shown previously that a significant reduction of the acoustic noise in standard, slow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences is achieved when the gradient pulses have long sinusoidal ramps. An improvement of this method is now presented for fast gradient echo (FLASH) and fast spin echo (RARE) sequences. The new strategy consists of using a sinusoidal readout pulse with no plateau and extending the phase encoding pulses to the entire readout period. The distribution of k-space samples is no longer equidistant, and images have to be reconstructed with gridding. A reduction of the acoustic noise by 20-40 dBA was obtained with respect to standard sequences installed by the scanner manufacturer, which is 10-20 dBA better than that with the previously proposed method of sinusoidal ramps. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:960-966.
Combination Iron Depletion Therapy (1989)

Iron (Fe) depletion with anti-transferrin (Tf) receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Fe chelators, or gallium (Ga) salts inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of tumor cells. The present studies examined the cytotoxic effects of an IgA anti-human Tf receptor MAb, 42/6, combined with parabactin, a powerful Fe chelator, or Ga nitrate. Parabactin inhibited in vitro growth of human hematopoietic and solid tumor cells, and the rank order of their sensitivities to the Fe chelator was identical to their relative sensitivity to MAb 42/6 as demonstrated in previous studies. When the most parabactin and MAb 42/6-sensitive (HL60 leukemia) and -resistant (KB carcinoma) cells were incubated with various concentrations of parabactin, cell killing was time and dose dependent over the first 24 hours. Little additional cytotoxicity occurred, however, when cells were exposed to parabactin for 48 hours. HL60 cells were slightly more sensitive than KB cells to parabactin cytotoxicity. Addition of optimally effective concentrations of anti-Tf receptor MAb 42/6 to parabactin increased cytotoxicity to HL60 cells over a narrow parabactin dose range but had little effect on cytotoxicity to KB cells. Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with parabactin for 24 hours showed that doses causing variable cytotoxicity increased the percentage of cells in S phase, but higher parabactin concentrations consistently arrested cells in G1 phase or at the G1/S interface. MAb 42/6 also increased toxicity of parabactin to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors and normal marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitors. When HL60 or KB cells were treated with MAb 42/6 combined with Ga nitrate, MAb 42/6 increased cytotoxicity of Ga for HL60 cells but had little or no effect on Ga cytotoxicity to KB cells. In contrast, MAb 42/6 had minimal effects on cytotoxicity of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, isoquinaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, to either HL60 or KB cells. Both hematopoietic and solid tumors were killed by Fe depletion, but the present studies suggested that hematopoietic cells are more sensitive than solid tumor cells to cytotoxic effects of Fe depletion. Combined Fe depletion therapy by the use of MAb 42/6 with an Fe chelator or Ga salt increased toxicity to MAb 42/6-sensitive cells, such as HL60, but was not more effective against MAb 42/6-resistant solid tumor cells. Combination Fe depletion therapy of hematopoietic cell tumors merits evaluation in experimental in vivo tumor systems.