gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Mineralization of Dense Nanofibrillar Collagen−Bioglass Hybrid Scaffolds (2010)

Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering must meet a number of requirements such as biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, biodegradability, and appropriate biomechanical properties. A combination of type I collagen and 45S5 Bioglass may meet these requirements, however, little has been demonstrated on the effect of Bioglass on the potential of the collagen nanofibrillar three-dimensional mineralization and its influence on the structural and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. In this work, rapidly fabricated dense collagen-Bioglass hybrid scaffolds were assessed for their potential for immediate implantation. Hybrid scaffolds were conditioned, in vitro, in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days and assessed in terms of changes in structural, chemical, and mechanical properties. MicroCT and SEM analyses showed a homogeneous distribution of Bioglass particles in the as-made hybrids. Mineralization was detected at day 1 in SBF, while ATR-FTIR microscopy and XRD revealed the presence of hydroxyl-carbonated apatite on the surface and within the two hybrid scaffolds at days 7 and 14. FTIR and SEM confirmed that the triple helical structure and typical banding pattern of fibrillar collagen was maintained as a function of time in SBF. Principal component analysis executed on ATR-FTIR microscopy revealed that the mineralization extent was a function of both Bioglass content and conditioning time in SBF. Tensile mechanical analysis showed an increase in the elastic modulus and a corresponding decrease in strain at ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as imparted by mineralization of scaffolds as a function of time in SBF and Bioglass content. Change in UTS was affected by Bioglass content. These results suggested the achievement of a hybrid matrix potentially suitable for bone tissue engineering.
Liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase reduces cerebral infarction in cerebral ischemia in rats. (1990)

We studied the role of superoxide radicals in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury using a model of focal cerebral ischemia in 102 rats and liposome-entrapped CuZn-superoxide dismutase, which can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and cell membranes efficiently. The bolus intravenous administration of 25,000 units of liposome-entrapped CuZn-superoxide dismutase elevated superoxide dismutase activities in the blood and brain 1, 2, 8, and 24 hours later as well as in the ischemic hemisphere and contralateral cortex. Determined 24 hours after right middle cerebral and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion by the lack of staining for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, infarct sizes were reduced by 33%, 25%, and 18% in the anterior, middle, and posterior brain slices, respectively, by treatment with liposome-entrapped CuZn-superoxide dismutase. Our data demonstrate that superoxide radicals are important determinants of infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia and that liposome-entrapped CuZn-superoxide dismutase may have pharmacologic value for the treatment of focal cerebral ischemic injury.
The 200 MHz- and 1.5 GHz-band GaAs monolithic quadrature modulator ICs (2002)

The 200-MHz and 1.5-GHz-band quadrature modulator ICs are developed. The ICs integrate a digital frequency divider, double-balanced FET mixers, and a combiner. The power consumptions of the 200-MHz- and 1.5-GHz-band modulator ICs are 100 mW and 160 mW, respectively. These ICs realize low distortion below -50 dBc, and low image and carrier rejections below -40 dBc and they reduce the phase-error to less than 1.1 degrees . The modulator ICs have excellent spectrum efficiency and are useful in realization of small-size and lightweight handy radio telephone equipment. Circuit design, fabrication process, and device performance are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A phase II evaluation of the combination of paclitaxel protein-bound and carboplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2006)

7127 Background: Abraxane (A) is a cremophor free, albumin-bound nanoparticle of paclitaxel (P) approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Belani et al. (JCO 21: 2933–2939, 2003) reported that P 100 mg/m 2 days 1, 8 and 15 q 28 days with C AUC 6 on day 1 led to a 32% response rate in 132 patients (pts) with NSCLC. The median time to progression (TTP) was 35 weeks (wks) for stage IIIB and 29 wks for stage IV. Methods: This study was designed to determine if substituting A for P at an identical dose would lead to an improved response rate, TTP or decreased toxicity. Results: Fifty-six pts with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC previously untreated with chemotherapy were enrolled. The median age was 66 (range 37 - 83); 37 were male and median ECOG performance status was 1 (range 0–2). Thirteen pts were stage IIIB. Metastases included bone (17), liver (7), brain (2) and lymph nodes (16). Currently a total of 239 cycles of therapy have been administered with a median of 4 (range 1–8) cycles per pt. In 194 (81%) full dose A was administered on days 1, 8 and 15. The table below shows toxicities compared to P: Seven pts (13%) experienced grade (G) 1 neuropathy and 3 pts (5%) experienced G 2 neuropathy. Five pts were inevaluable for response due to removal from study after &lt;2 cycles of treatment (2 died from progressive disease, 2 because of toxicity - thrombocytopenia and neutropenia - and 1 refused). Of 51 evaluable pts 1 (2%) had a complete response and 23 patients (45%) achieved a partial response. Four of 10 evaluable stage IIIB pts obtained a PR. Twenty-one pts were stable for at least 12 weeks of whom twenty remain stable at 12–29 weeks and one progressed at 23 weeks. A total of 13 pts have progressed and 3 pts have died. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median TTP is 23 wks and maximum follow up is 34 wks. Conclusions: We conclude that combining A and C is tolerable and active in the treatment of newly-diagnosed NSCLC and antitumor activity compares favorably to that of P/C. Further studies are warranted in this population. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Production and uses of diffractionless beams (1991)

It is proposed to obtain intense optical fields, whose form shows little change in size over long paths, through the use of either conical lenses or spherical lenses showing spherical aberration together with a single projecting lens. The conical lens is shown to produce fields whose transverse structure is given by a zero-order Bessel function J0, while the spherical aberrating lens produces (real or virtual) J0-like transverse structures, provided that the central portion of the aberrating lens is occluded. In all cases projection gives a J0 real-image optical structure. Intensity, size of the transverse structure, and range considerations are developed, and some aspects of optimization are discussed. A negative aberrating lens gives a long range of nearly constant size in the image field, and a universal expression is presented to describe the image size as a function of image distance for this case. Projection with an aberrating projection lens is shown to improve the constancy of the final J0 pattern size dramatically. Typical photographic results are included for beams generated by using a low-power He–Ne laser. Brief considerations of practical uses of diffractionless beams are presented.
Concomitant secretion of prourokinase and a plasminogen activator-specific inhibitor by cultured human monocytes-macrophages (1984)

The plasminogen activator (PA) produced by freshly purified human monocytes-macrophages and histiocytic, lymphoma-derived U 937 cells was analyzed by zymography after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and found to migrate with an apparent Mr of 55,000, identical to that of urokinase (Uk). By immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for the two different types of PA, the enzyme was shown to be immunologically related to urokinase, and not to tissue PA. Urokinase was secreted in the form of the inactive Mr 55,000 zymogen prourokinase, and could be converted to the active Mr 55,000 enzyme by limited proteolysis with plasmin. Conditioned media from cultures of U 937 cells and monocytes-macrophages inhibited the fibrinolytic activity of exogenously added urokinase. Using [125I]-labeled urokinase we observed the formation of an enzyme-ligand complex, which was not dissociated by boiling in SDS and migrated with an apparent Mr 40,000 daltons higher than the free enzyme; since complexed urokinase was functionally inactivated as a PA, the ligand is an inhibitor of urokinase. This inhibitor is different from fibroblast-produced protease- nexin, in that it did not interact with thrombin. These results suggest that plasminogen activation by mononuclear phagocytes can be modulated through the secretion of both (pro)enzyme and a specific inhibitor.
Antiadhesion considerations for UV nanoimprint lithography (2007)

Low surface energy fluorosilane layers are widely used as release coatings for quartz templates in UV nanoimprint lithography, yet they are generally found to degrade with use. It is found that these layers are chemically attacked when used with UV cured methacrylate and vinyl ether resists, as found previously for acrylate resists, leading to the conclusion that low reactivity and not low surface energy is of importance for effective release layers. It is shown that an ion-beam deposited diamondlike carbon release coating is a useful alternative, having both stability in a reactive environment and lower adhesion despite its higher surface energy.
Exogenous Reinfection with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Advanced HIV Infection (1993)

Resistance to antituberculous drugs can develop not only in the strain that caused the initial disease, but also as a result of reinfection with a new strain of M. tuberculosis that is drug-resistant. Exogenous reinfection with multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis can occur either during therapy for the original infection or after therapy has been completed.
Triazolopyrimidine-Based Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors with Potent and Selective Activity against the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (2008)

A Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( PfDHODH) inhibitor that is potent ( KI = 15 nM) and species-selective (>5000-fold over the human enzyme) was identified by high-throughput screening. The substituted triazolopyrimidine and its structural analogues were produced by an inexpensive three-step synthesis, and the series showed good association between PfDHODH inhibition and parasite toxicity. This study has identified the first nanomolar PfDHODH inhibitor with potent antimalarial activity in whole cells (EC50 = 79 nM).
Site-Specific Amphiphilic Magnetic Copolymer Nanoaggregates for Dual Imaging (2015)

Molecular imaging along with combinations of imaging modalities can provide a thorough understanding of disease, in particular, tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers exceptional tissue contrast and resolution; whereas optical imaging provides high sensitivity. Hence a norbornene based copolymer (Nor-Cob-Py-Fol) is reported in this paper as a dual-imaging agent. Nor-Cob-Py-Fol having Co2+ complex, pyrene and poly(ethylene glycol) derived folate, have been synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). All the monomers and polymers are characterized by 1H NMR, IR, GPC, and TGA techniques. The morphology of the copolymer nanoaggregates has been evaluated with DLS, TEM, and SEM techniques. The functionalization of Co2+ to the polymer is monitored by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the presence of Co2+ in the nanoaggregates is confirmed by the EDX (SEM) technique. To prove the MRI capabilities nature of copolymer nanoaggregates, NMR experiment is performed at room temperature. Cell viability studies suggest the biocompatibility nature of the copolymer. Flow cytometry as well as epifluoroscence microscope experiments clearly demonstrate the dual-imaging ability of the newly designed copolymer. The much higher relaxivity ratio (r2/r1) of the present method clearly establishes the superiority of our system as one of the best contrast agents known to the practitioners of magnetic resonance imaging.
Adenomatous transformation of the human anterior pituitary is associated with alterations in integrin expression (1996)

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane molecules that mediate cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion. Because alterations in the adhesive properties of tumor cells influence tumor growth and progression, the distribution of different alpha and beta integrin subunits was studied in both the parenchyma and the connective tissue in 6 normal and 25 adenomatous human anterior pituitaries. All normal parenchymal cells expressed the alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins. By contrast, in adenomatous parenchymal cells the expression of alpha3beta1 was down-regulated and that of alpha6beta4 abrogated. Neoexpression of alphavbeta3 Occurred in the parenchyma of a subset of adenomas. All normal connective tissue cells expressed the alpha1 and beta1 subunits, a third subunit (alpha5) being present in the normal endothelium. By comparison, all adenomatous stromal cells expressed many more integrin subunits (alpha1, alpha3, alpha5, alphav, beta1 and beta3), adenomatous endothelial cells bearing additional subunits (alpha6, beta4 and beta5). Vitronectin, absent from the normal connective tissue, was constantly observed in the adenomatous stroma. To conclude, compared with cells of the normal gland, adenomatous anterior pituitary cells display a decreased expression of integrins whereas the adenomatous stroma expresses a rich repertoire of integrins. These changes are not related to the secretory type, grade or invasiveness of the adenoma. The resulting alterations in the adhesive properties of adenomatous cells could facilitate their dissemination. Enrichment of the integrin repertoire expressed by the adenomatous vasculature is indicative of its dual nature, systemic and tumoral.
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Using Organic Solvents (2006)

Phenyl ethyl alcohol was used for fast and stable dispersion of carbon nanotubes. This solvent, more effective than ethanol and toluene, allows easy dispersion of carbon nanotubes for TEM characterization. For TEM grids prepared at high dilution, it is possible to observe each tube separately. Applying that solvent, it was possible to measure the length, the diameter and the solubility of different carbon nanotubes samples.
Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 8 microsatellite loci implicates a candidate tumor suppressor gene between the loci D8S87 and D8S133 in human prostate cancer. (1994)

To search for specific chromosome 8 aberrations in human prostate cancer, DNA was isolated from 44 human prostate tumor samples. Twenty six tumor samples were obtained from locally progressive tumors by transurethral resection, 12 were from radical prostatectomy specimens, and 6 were from lymph node metastases. Tumor DNAs were screened for allelic losses using 16 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (14 covering the p arm, 2 on the q arm). In general, the detected deletions were large. In 59% of the tumor DNAs, allelic loss of 3 or more 8p loci was observed. Loss of 8p loci occurred in between 36 and 69% of the informative cases; for the two 8q markers, the percentages of loss were 11 and 25%, respectively, indicating preferential loss of (part of) 8p. In one tumor, two separate 8p deletions were found. The percentage of loss of heterozygosity was considerably higher in transurethral resection (65%) and lymph node metastases (83%) than in radical prostatectomy specimens (33%), suggesting that 8p deletion is a relatively late step in tumor progression. The maximal overlapping deleted region in all tumor DNAs is between the distal locus D8S133 and the proximal locus D8S87, indicating the localization of a candidate tumor suppressor gene within this region.
[Synthesis and antifertility actions of gossypol derivatives and phenol aldehydes]. (1989)

A series of trihydroxynaphthaldehydes, polyhydroxybiphenol-asdehydes, polyhydroxybinaphthyl aldehydes and some gossypol derivatives were synthesized for antifertility experimental studies.
A Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship and Pharmacophore Modeling Investigation of Aryl-X and Heterocyclic Bisphosphonates as Bone Resorption Agents (2003)

We have used quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques, together with pharmacophore modeling, to investigate the relationships between the structures of a wide variety of geminal bisphosphonates and their activity in inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. For aryl-X (X = alkyl, oxyalkyl, and sulfanylalkyl) derivatives of pamidronate and one alendronate, a molecular field analysis (MFA) yielded an R(2) value of 0.900 and an F-test of 54 for a training set of 29 compounds. Using reduced training sets, the activities of 20 such compounds were predicted with an average error of 2.1 over a 4000x range in activity. Such good results were only obtained when using the X-ray crystallographic structure of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) bound to the target enzyme, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPP synthase), to guide the initial molecular alignment. For a series of heterocyclic bisphosphonates, use of the MFA method yielded an R(2) of 0.873 and an F-test of 36 for a training set of 26 compounds. Using a reduced training set, the activities of 20 compounds were predicted with an average error of 2.5 over a 2000x range in activity. With the heterocyclic compounds, test calculations indicated the importance of correct choice of protonation of the heterocyclic rings. For example, thiazoles, pyrazoles, and triazoles have low ( approximately 2-3) pK(a) values and the derived bisphosphonates are inactive in bone resorption since they cannot readily be side chain protonated and are thus poor carbocation reactive intermediate analogues. On the other hand, aminothiazoles, imidazoles, pyridyl, and aminopyridyl species typically have pK(a) values in the range approximately 5-9 and, in the absence of unfavorable steric interactions, the corresponding bisphosphonates are generally good inhibitors. However, aminoimidazole bisphosphonates are generally less active, since their pK(a)s ( approximately 11) are so high, due to guanidinium-like resonance, that they cannot readily be deprotonated, which we propose results in poor cellular uptake. The results of pharmacophore modeling using the Catalyst program revealed the importance of two negative ionizable and one positive charge feature for both aryl-X and heterocyclic pharmacophores, together with the presence of a distal hydrophobic feature in the aryl bisphosphonate and a more proximal aromatic feature in the heterocyclic bisphosphonate pharmacophores. When taken together, these results show that it is now possible to predict the activity, within a factor of about 2.3, of a wide range of aryl-X and heterocyclic bisphosphonates. The results emphasize the importance of utilizing crystallographic structural information to guide the initial alignment of extended bisphosphonates, and in the case of heterocyclic bisphosphonates, the importance of side chain protonation state. These simple ideas may facilitate the design of other, novel bisphosphonates, of use in bone resorption therapy, and as antiparasitic and immunotherapeutic agents.
Successful Treatment of Severe Anaphylactic Shock with Vasopressin (2004)

Severe anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening situation that needs immediate treatment of progressive hemodynamic failure. We report two cases of severe anaphylactic shock treated with arginine-vasopressin (AVP): In a 42-year-old male patient anaphylactic shock was caused by the sting of a hornet. At the scene, he was found unconscious, cyanotic, with a heart rate of 130/min without measurable blood pressure. The patient was intubated and ventilated with 100% oxygen, intravenous epinephrine (1 mg over 2 min) had no effect on blood pressure. After injection of 10 IU vasopressin, followed by infusion of 40 IU vasopressin, hemodynamics could be stabilized at once. In the second case, a 47-year-old male patient was stung by a wasp. At the scene he was unconscious, blood pressure was not measurable, heart rate was 140/min. The patient was treated with 40 IU vasopressin followed by rapid infusion of 500 ml NaCl 0.9%. After injection of vasopressin, blood pressure raised to 80/50 mm Hg and heart rate decreased to 90/min. Both patients needed ventilator therapy for several days and recovered fully.
Optical calcium sensors: development of a generic method for their introduction to the cell using conjugated cell penetrating peptides (2004)

Probes Encapsulated By Biologically Localised Embedding (PEBBLEs) are optical sensors with nanometer dimensions fabricated by microemulsion polymerisation. The most beneficial characteristic of these sensors is the protection offered by the sensor matrix which decreases interaction between the fluorophore and the cell. These sensors have been introduced to the cell by a number of methods; however this paper discusses the development of a generic method to facilitate inclusion of this type of sensor in the cell by a simple incubation step. This was achieved by covalent linkage of a synthetic Cell Penetrating Peptide (CPP) based on the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) -1 Tat, to the external sensor matrix. Calcium sensors were used to demonstrate this approach to incorporate the sensors within the cell. Characterisation revealed the calcium sensors were approximately 30 +/- 7 nm in diameter with a slightly negative zeta potential. The sensors demonstrated a linear range of 0-50 microM with negligible interference from a range of cellular ions and protein. Leaching of entrapped dyes from the calcium sensors was determined as 3% in a 24 h period, while photobleaching of the entrapped dye was minimal over a 40 min period. The sensors ability to cross the cell membrane using the covalently attached synthetic Tat peptide is demonstrated. Cellular inclusion of the sensors occurred within a 30 min incubation period.
A high performance sine wave inverter controller with capacitor current feedback and "back-EMF" decoupling (2002)

This paper presents a state space approach to the problem of controlling a single phase PWM inverter with an LC output filter. These types of inverter are often used in uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) where a sine wave output voltage is to be maintained. Output voltage control is structured around an inner filter capacitor current loop where capacitor current is sensed via a single, small current transformer. This avoids the expense of multiple, active current sensors found in alternative designs. Performance of the capacitor current loop is enhanced with active decoupling of both the DC bus and the equivalent "back-EMF" of the output voltage. The output dynamic stiffness of the system is analyzed and plotted. Experimental results yield less than 0.5% total harmonic distortion (THD) at full load (8 kW), with transient response times of less than 200 /spl mu/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Terahertz sensing method for protein detection using a thin metallic mesh (2007)

A label-free biological sensor, which is based on the resonant transmission phenomenon of a thin metallic mesh, is proposed in the terahertz wave region. By using this sensor, we demonstrate the highly sensitive detection of small amounts of protein horseradish peroxidase. For quantitative investigation of the sensitivity of our sensor, horseradish peroxidase was printed on the metallic mesh surface by using a commercial available printer. A distinct shift of the transmission dip frequency is observed for 500pg∕mm2 (11fmol) of horseradish peroxidase printed on the metallic mesh, indicating the significantly high sensitivity of our sensor.