gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOLUBILIZATION OF APPLE POMACE BY EXTRUSION (1998)

Apple pomace (AP), a fibrous by-product of apple juice processing, was solubilized by a twin-screw extruder. AP was extruded under 14 different operating conditions, where the process variables are controlled in the following ranges: screw speed, 250–350 rpm; feed rate, 30–40 kg/h; moisture, 20–30%. Water soluble index (WSI) increased linearly with specific mechanical energy (SME). Soluble dietary fiber of extruded AP also increased with SME, which in turn decreased the content of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). As a result, total dietary fiber (TDF) remained nearly unchanged. Water holding capacity (WHC) remained nearly constant at low SME, but markedly deceased at high SME due to disintegration of cell wall. Gel filtration of WSP exhibited the structural fragmentation of cell wall by extrusion: the higher SME, the higher fragmentation of SME. Ion exchange chromatography of WSP demonstrated that increasing SME resulted in increasing the extractability of free neutral polysaccharides from the cell wall of AP. It was also found that the degradation of AP cell wall by extrusion preferentially occurred at the arabinogalactan sidechains of pectins.
A novel nucleotide-based thrombin inhibitor inhibits clot-bound thrombin and reduces arterial platelet thrombus formation (1994)

A novel thrombin inhibitor based on single-stranded (ss) deoxynucleotides with the sequence GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG (thrombin aptamer) has been recently discovered. In this study, we tested its efficacy in inhibiting clot-bound thrombin activity and platelet thrombus formation in an ex vivo whole artery angioplasty model. The thrombin aptamer showed a specific dose-dependent inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (0.5 U/mL) in human platelet-rich plasma, with an IC50 of approximately 70 to 80 nmol/L. In an in vitro clot-bound thrombin assay system, heparin, used at clinically relevant concentrations of 0.2 U/mL and 0.4 U/mL, was ineffective in inhibiting clot-bound thrombin (6.5% and 34.9% inhibition at 0.2 U/mL and 0.4 U/mL, respectively). In contrast, the thrombin aptamer at an equivalent anticoagulant concentration inhibited clot-bound thrombin (79.7% inhibition). In an ex vivo whole artery angioplasty model, the thrombin aptamer markedly suppressed the generation of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), whereas heparin at 2 U/mL was ineffective. Compared with a scrambled ssDNA control, the thrombin aptamer reduced platelet deposition by 34.5% +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM, n = 4, P = .09) at low shear rates (approximately 200 s-1) and 61.3% +/- 11% (mean +/- SEM, n = 4, P = .05) at high shear rates (approximately 850 s-1). Thrombin aptamers based on ssDNA molecules represent a new class of thrombin inhibitors with potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties.
Production of a monoclonal antibody to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) which is cross-reactive with Yersinia enterocolitica ST (1990)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against synthetic heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (NAG-ST) was produced. The MAb, namely, 2F, belonged to the immunoglobulin G1 class. Ascitic fluid drawn from pristane-primed BALB/c mice injected with a 2F-producing clone demonstrated anti-NAG-ST activity which could be detected in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay even at a dilution of 1:128,000. Fifty-fold-diluted ascitic fluid could completely neutralize the activity of NAG-ST (synthetic and native) and Vibrio mimicus ST (identical to NAG-ST) in suckling mice. In the same assay, 2F could also neutralize Yersinia enterocolitica ST (Y-ST) but did not neutralize Escherichia coli STh and STp. A similar pattern of reactivity occurred in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with homologous and heterologous toxins. Competitive inhibition curves with synthetic peptides representing NAG-ST and its shorter analogs revealed that aspartic acid located at position 2 from the N terminus of NAG-ST was the essential residue of the recognized epitope. Significantly, in Y-ST, to which 2F cross-reacted, aspartic acid is in the corresponding position as that of NAG-ST, thereby confirming our conclusions that the epitope defining this MAb is aspartic acid.
Spatial-temporal causal modeling for climate change attribution (2009)

Attribution of climate change to causal factors has been based predominantly on simulations using physical climate models, which have inherent limitations in describing such a complex and chaotic system. We propose an alternative, data centric, approach that relies on actual measurements of climate observations and human and natural forcing factors. Specifically, we develop a novel method to infer causality from spatial-temporal data, as well as a procedure to incorporate extreme value modeling into our method in order to address the attribution of extreme climate events, such as heatwaves. Our experimental results on a real world dataset indicate that changes in temperature are not solely accounted for by solar radiance, but attributed more significantly to CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Combined with extreme value modeling, we also show that there has been a significant increase in the intensity of extreme temperatures, and that such changes in extreme temperature are also attributable to greenhouse gases. These preliminary results suggest that our approach can offer a useful alternative to the simulation-based approach to climate modeling and attribution, and provide valuable insights from a fresh perspective.
A Novel Biodegradable System Based on Gelatin Nanoparticles and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres for Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery (1997)

Gelatin nanoparticle-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere composites were prepared by encapsulating protein-loaded gelatin nanoparticles in PLGA microspheres. This encapsulation was conducted by using a phase separation method and a solvent extraction method. The average diameter of the gelatin nanoparticle-PLGA microsphere composites is between 160 and 175 microm. Protein loading efficiency is 93.2% for the nanoparticle-microsphere composite prepared by the phase separation method, while it is 31.31% for the composite prepared by the solvent extraction method. Protein release experiments indicate that this new composite system possesses sustained release characteristics. This system also demonstrates the capability of preventing the denaturation of protein drugs.
Desensitization of Signaling by Oncostatin M in Human Vascular Cells Involves Cytoplasmic Tyr Residue 759 in gp130 but Is Not Mediated by Either Src Homology 2 Domain-containing Tyrosine Phosphatase 2 or Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (2003)

Oncostatin M (OnM) signals through cell surface receptors, which utilize the gp130 subunit. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), OnM transiently elevates mRNA encoding for suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3). By 1 h of OnM treatment, HUVEC become refractory to the restimulation by OnM, measured as failure to reinduce SOCS-3 mRNA. OnM-induced desensitization also prevents responses to other gp130-signaling cytokines (e.g. leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin 11). OnM treatment does not affect gp130 expression levels and desensitizes signaling mediated by a transduced chimeric receptor containing extracellular domains of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRbeta) and the cytoplasmic region of gp130. Interestingly, a chimeric PDGFRbeta-gp130 mutant receptor, in which intracellular Tyr residue 759 of gp130 is replaced by a Phe residue, mediates prolonged signaling and is not cross-desensitized by OnM. Phospho-Tyr759 is the binding site for both SOCS-3 and for Src homology domain 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). In human aortic smooth muscle cells, neither prevention of SOCS-3 protein induction, using STAT3 or SOCS-3 antisense, nor prevention of SHP-2 expression, also with antisense, ablates desensitization. These data suggest that desensitization of vascular cells to OnM is mediated in trans and involves Tyr residue 759 in gp130 but is not mediated by either SOCS-3 or SHP-2, the only two proteins currently known to bind to gp130 at this site.
Multijunction Photovoltaic Technologies for High-Performance Concentrators (2006)

Multijunction solar cells provide high-performance technology pathways leading to potentially low-cost electricity generated from concentrated sunlight. The National Center for Photovoltaics at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has funded different III-V multijunction solar cell technologies and various solar concentration approaches. Within this group of projects, III-V solar cell efficiencies of 41% are close at hand and will likely be reported in these conference proceedings. Companies with well-developed solar concentrator structures foresee installed system costs of $3/watt-half of today's costs-within the next 2 to 5 years as these high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies are incorporated into their concentrator photovoltaic systems. These technology improvements are timely as new large-scale multi-megawatt markets, appropriate for high performance PV concentrators, open around the world
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Accelerate Normal and Diabetic Wound Healing by Increasing Endogenous FGF-2 Release (2008)

This study demonstrates that pulsed electromagnetic fields are able to accelerate wound healing under diabetic and normal conditions by up-regulation of FGF-2-mediated angiogenesis. They also prevented tissue necrosis in response to a standardized ischemic insult, suggesting that noninvasive angiogenic stimulation by pulsed electromagnetic fields may be useful to prevent ulcer formation, necrosis, and amputation in diabetic patients.
Passive optical local networks for telephony applications and beyond (1987)

A new digital telephone system is described using a passive optical network. Downstream transmission is broadcast and optical time-division, multiple-access (OTDMA) is used in the upstream path. The principle advantage of this approach is that exchange resources and fibres are shared between a large number of customers
The Fabrication of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries via Spark Plasma Sintering (2017)

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) has been successfully used to produce all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLibs). Both regular and functionally graded electrodes are implemented into novel three-layer and five-layer battery designs together with solid-state composite electrolyte. The electrical capacities and the conductivities of the SPS-processed ASSLibs are evaluated using the galvanostatic charge-discharge test. Experimental results have shown that, compared to the three-layer battery, the five-layer battery is able to improve energy and power densities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to examine the microstructures of the batteries especially at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. It reveals that the functionally graded structure can eliminate the delamination effect at the electrode–electrolyte interface and, therefore, retains better performance.
Virtual reality technologies for future telecommunications systems (2002)

Preface Overview of Computer-based Virtual Reality (Eunjoo Lee and Algirdas PakUtas) Towards Person-to-person Virtual Reality Telecommunication System (Ryoichi Komiya) Computer-based Virtual Worlds (David Boyer, Allen Ginsberg, Anjum Khan, Mauricio Cortes and Graeme Balfour) Presence Awareness for Future Telecommunications Systems (David Boyer, Allen Ginsberg,Venkat Goud and Mark Handel) Hyperspace Link Method for Virtual Reality Telecommunication System (Kanji Kato and Kazunori Shimamura) Towards Agent-based Collaborative and Interactive Virtual Environments (Lei Guo and Nicolas D. Georganas) Collaborative Virtual Environments for Industrial Training and e-Commerce (J.C. Oliveira, X. Shen and N.D. Georganas) Virtual Reality Application for Networked Dictionary (H. Dujmic, N. Rozic, D. Begusic, J. Ursic and M. Vojnovic) Definition of VRTS (Ryoichi Komiya) A Prototype Terminal Proposal for Virtual Reality Telecommunication System (Nor Azhar Mohd Arif, Mohd Nazri Ramliy and Ryoichi Komiya) A Multi-megavoxel Volumetric 3-D Display System for Distributed Collaboration (Gregg E. Favalora, Deirdre M. Hall, Michael G. Giovinco, Joshua Napoli, Rick K. Dorval and Won S. Chun) Cyber Action: Real-time Human Motion Instruction System using Life-sized Stereoscopic Avatars (Mayuki Ihara, Yoshihiro Shimada and Satoshi Ishibashi) Distributed Gait Measurements (Vladan Papic, Vlasta Zanchi and Ante Krstulovic) Realistic Telecommunications with Somatic Sensation (Tsutomu Miyasato and Ryohei Nakatsu) High-speed Networks and Virtual Reality Telecommunication System (Kanji Kato, Ryoichi Komiya and Kazunori Shimamura) Index.
Standoff gas leak detectors based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2005)

Trace gas sensing and analysis by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) has become a robust and reliable technology accepted for industrial process monitoring and control, quality assurance, environmental sensing, plant safety, and infrastructure security. Sensors incorporating well-packaged wavelength-stabilized near-infrared (1.2 to 2.0 &#956;m) laser sources sense over a dozen toxic or industrially-important gases. A large emerging application for TDLAS is standoff sensing of gas leaks, e.g. from natural gas pipelines. The Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD), a handheld standoff TDLAS leak survey tool that we developed, is replacing traditional leak detection tools that must be physically immersed within a leak to detect it. Employing a 10 mW 1.6 micron DFB laser, the RMLD illuminates a non-cooperative topographic surface, up to 30 m distant, and analyzes returned scattered light to deduce the presence of excess methane. The eye-safe, battery-powered, 6-pound handheld RMLD enhances walking pipeline survey rates by more than 30%. When combined with a spinning or rastering mirror, the RMLD serves as a platform for mobile leak mapping systems. Also, to enable high-altitude surveying and provide aerial disaster response, we are extending the standoff range to 3000 m by adding an EDFA to the laser transmitter.
Substance P in Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Inflammation in many autoimmune syndromes is modulated by the nervous system. This paper reviews important principles of neurogenic inflammation and findings of substance P overexpression in rheumatic diseases. Substance P is a key molecule in activating inflammation after antidromal axoplasmic transport and secretion at the nociceptor. We summarize the results from studies with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematodes, systemic sclerosis, vasculitides, Sjogren syndrome, vasculitides, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, gouty arthritis, fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome and degenerative vertebral spine disorders. Although substance P is associated with many of these diseases, selective receptor blockers have not been effective in therapy. In contrast, the nonselective antagonist capsaicin is beneficial in some conditions. We also discuss a novel therapeutic principle with selective serotonin antagonists that may induce a powerful downregulation of neurogenic inflammation. Keywords: Substance P, neurogenic inflammation, rheumatic diseases, review
Lumbar spinal stenosis: postoperative results in terms of preoperative posture-related pain (1990)

Thirty-three consecutive patients with lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with decompressive surgery aimed at relieving pain. The selection criteria for surgery included marked symptoms and lumbar spinal stenosis demonstrated by myelography. Preoperatively, only 15 patients had claudication; however, 23 experienced relief or exacerbation of symptoms related to changes in posture. A good postoperative result was obtained in 82% of the entire series, but in only 50% of patients whose symptoms were not affected by posture. Of those whose symptoms did have a postural component, a good result was obtained in 96%. The relief of back pain by decompressive surgery was significantly less successful than the relief of leg pain. It is therefore suggested that surgery be restricted to as few levels as possible.
A yeast mating-selection scheme for detection of protein – protein interactions (1994)

International audience
Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IIα Is Required for the Initiation and Maintenance of Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia (2010)

Repeated administration of opioids not only leads to tolerance and dependence, but also results in nociceptive enhancement called opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Nociceptive mediators involved in OIH generation remain poorly understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Ca(2+)/calmodulin-depent protein kinase II (CaMKIIalpha) is critical for OIH. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia was produced by repeated morphine administration or pellet implantation in mice. Correlating with the development of tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, spinal CaMKIIalpha activity was significantly increased in OIH. KN93, a CaMKII inhibitor, dose- and time-dependently reversed OIH and CaMKII activation without impairing locomotor coordination. To elucidate the specific CaMKII isoform involved, we targeted CaMKIIalpha by using small interfering RNA and demonstrated that knockdown of spinal CaMKIIalpha attenuated OIH. Furthermore, morphine failed to induce OIH in CaMKIIalpha(T286A) point mutant mice, although wild-type littermate mice developed robust OIH after repeated treatments with morphine. These data implicate, for the first time, an essential role of CaMKIIalpha as a cellular mechanism leading to and maintaining opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Power-free sequential injection for microchip immunoassay toward point-of-care testing (2005)

This paper presents a simple fluid handling technique for microchip immunoassay. Necessary solutions were sequentially injected into a microchannel by air-evacuated poly(dimethylsiloxane), and were passively regulated by capillary force at the inlet opening. For heterogeneous immunoassay, microchips are potentially useful for reduction of sample consumption and assay time. However, most of the previously reported microchips have limitations in their use because of the needs for external power sources for fluid handling. In this paper, an on-chip heterogeneous immunofluorescence assay without such an external power source is demonstrated. The microchip consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and glass has a simple structure, and therefore is suitable for single-use applications. Necessary solutions were sequentially injected into a microchannel in an autonomous fashion with the power-free pumping technique, which exploits the high solubility and the rapid diffusion of air in PDMS. For deionized water, this method yielded flow rates of 3-5 nL s-1 with reproducibility of 4-10%. The inlet opening of the microchannel functioned as a passive valve to hold the solution when the flow was finished. Rabbit immunoglobulin G (rIgG) and human C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected using the microchannel walls as reaction sites. With the sample consumption of 1 microL and the assay time of approximately 20 min including the antibody immobilization step, the sandwich immunoassay methods for rIgG and CRP exhibited the limits of detection of 0.21 nM (0.21 fmol) and 0.42 nM (0.42 fmol), respectively.
Statics and Dynamics of .omega.-Functionalized Block Copolymers of Styrene and Isoprene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStatics and Dynamics of .omega.-Functionalized Block Copolymers of Styrene and IsopreneG. Floudas, G. Fytas, S. Pispas, N. Hadjichristidis, T. Pakula, and A. R. KhokhlovCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 14, 5109–5118Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00118a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00118a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence Analysis of the Direct Repeat Region in Mycobacterium bovis (2001)

Spoligotyping is a major tool for molecular typing of Mycobacterium bovis. This technique is based on the polymorphism of spacers that separate direct repeats (DRs) in the M. tuberculosis complex DR region. Numerous M. bovis strains show a lack of several spacers which appears as a gap in the spoligotyping pattern. To determine whether these gaps contain alternative spacers not included in the spoligotyping membrane, PCRs using primers that hybridize to the spacers adjacent to the gaps were performed. Comparing the sizes of products obtained by PCR with those deduced from spoligotyping patterns, fragments were selected and sequenced to look for alternative spacers. Upon analysis of the sequences, five alternative spacers were detected, although deletions of spacers are mainly responsible for the observed gaps. The alternative spacers, which are more frequent in M. bovis than in M. tuberculosis, may contribute to increased M. bovis differentiation.
Spatio-temporal organization of behavior (2000)

One of the most widely used terms in the study of human performance is attention. Yet it can also be argued that it is one of the most confusing and misunderstood. Huge variations in performance, from not noticing large changes in images or natural situations, to differences of tens of milliseconds have all been described as attentional effects. We argue that the large disparity in results can be more easily understood in the context of a fairly complete model of human performance that describes the execution of a set of complex natural tasks via a collection of visual routines that extract crucial information from the optical array. The description of visual routines is hierarchical. At the most abstract level, a scheduler must pick a small set of programs for the current tasks. Each program contains steps which are keyed to information in the scene. This is extracted by visual routines which run during a single fixation and extract pertinent information. The library of routines themselves are designed to execute quickly, but their actual performance depends on signal-to-noise characteristics of the imaged scene. The hierarchical description of behavior shows that questions about attention make sense in the context of the descriptive level in which they are embedded. We illustrate these principles with examples of driving behaviors.