gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of rapid thermal annealing on the precipitation of oxygen in silicon (1989)

We report observations of the effect of heat pulses on the precipitation of oxygen in single-crystal silicon. In our experiments, heat pulses are applied for various durations at a fixed temperature of 1200 °C prior to a two-step precipitation sequence. When no pulse is applied, precipitation is at a maximum and is close to that expected from considerations of solid solubility, provided account is taken of the loss of oxygen due to evaporation. For very short pulses (e.g., 2 s), precipitation is suppressed by several fold. As the length of the pulse is increased to roughly 100 s, the precipitation recovers to its initial value. For very long pulses (greater than 10 000 s), precipitation decreases to nearly zero. There are no further changes in the precipitation characteristics for pulse times up to 50 000 s. We interpret these results in terms of a model in which the thermal pulses modify an initial distribution of heterogeneous nucleation sites. The fraction of heterogeneous sites that survive the two-step precipitation cycle is assumed to decrease continuously during the pulse due to thermal dissolution of sites. For short pulses, the decrease in sites accounts for the suppressed precipitation. For longer pulse times (about 100 s), we believe the recovery of precipitation is due to a reduction by out-diffusion of silicon self-interstitials which otherwise limit the rate of precipitation. For very long pulses (10 000 s), all nuclei have dissolved, so that negligible precipitation occurs. This interpretation is supported by experiments in which the interstitial population is altered by changes in ambient and by experiments in which the effects of more complex pulse sequences are investigated. It is suggested that studies of this type can be used to characterize the defect population of silicon for device applications as well as to investigate precipitation processes.
Low-profile circular disk DR antenna of very highpermittivity excited by amicrostripline (1997)

A microstripline-fed dielectric resonator (DR) antenna disk of very high permittivity is investigated experimentally. The configuration has the advantage of being low-profile and allows the ground plane to be arbitrarily thick for mechanical support and/or heatsink purposes. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the configuration are studied and compared with those of the aperture-coupled version.
Citrus Bioflavonoids in Broiler Diets (1962)

CITRUS bioflavonoids are naturally occurring plant pigments characterized by two aromatic rings linked together by a three carbon aliphatic chain (Horowitz, 1957). The various flavonoids may be sugar free aglycones or glycosides characterized by a substituent group of either a mono or disaccharide made up of rhamnose or glucose or both. The classification of these compounds are further governed by the oxidized or reduced state of the third carbon in the aliphatic chain. A number of bioflavonoid materials have been evaluated for their effect on capillary fragility. Warter et al. (1948) reported that the administration of hesperidin (a bioflavonoid) and ascorbic acid was effective in reducing capillary fragility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Capillary fragility could be expected to lead to an increase in bruising. Ringrose (1953) and Kaiser and Smith (1958) reported that bruising is one of the major causes of downgrading of broilers. In view of the condemnations …
Stereochemistry in a medium-sized ring. Highly diastereoselective N-oxidation of a substituted 3-benzazonine. X-ray crystal structure of an unusual complex between an amine N-oxide and saccharin (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry in a medium-sized ring. Highly diastereoselective N-oxidation of a substituted 3-benzazonine. X-ray crystal structure of an unusual complex between an amine N-oxide and saccharinBruce E. Maryanoff, Masood Parvez, and R. A. OlofsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2, 760–764Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00289a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Case of Osteoblastoma Arising from the Ethmoid Sinus (2002)

Osteoblastoma is a benign bone tumor which commonly occurs in the vertebral column and the long bone of extremities, although the paranasal sinus involvement is very rare. We are reporting a case of benign osteoblastoma of the ethmoid sinus extending maxillary sinus and nasal cavity in a 66-year-old man who presented with progressive exophthalmos and intractable epiphora. The tumor was successfully removed via extended medial maxillectomy through lateral rhinotomy approach. Histologic features showed the central zone of edematous vascular fibrous tissue with scattered trabeculae of osteoid surrounded by the outer layer of dense mature bone. A differential diagnosis is necessary for various kinds of fibro-osseous lesions such as osteoid osteoma, ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2002;45:296-9)
Fatal Congenital Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and a Pancreatic Nodule Morphologically Identical to Focal Lesion of Congenital Hyperinsulinism in an Infant with Costello Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2015)

Costello syndrome is characterized by constitutional mutations in the proto-oncogene HRAS, causing dysmorphic features, multiple cardiac problems, intellectual disability, and an increased risk of neoplasia. We report a male infant with dysmorphic features, born prematurely at 32 weeks, who, during his 3-month life span, had an unusually severe and ultimately fatal manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. Molecular studies in this patient demonstrated the uncommon Q22K mutation in the HRAS gene, diagnostic of Costello syndrome. The major autopsy findings revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital myopathy, and a 1.4-cm pancreatic nodule that was positive for insulin expression and morphologically identical to a focal lesion of congenital hyperinsulinism. Sequencing of KCNJ11 and ABCC8, the 2 most commonly mutated genes in focal lesion of congenital hyperinsulinism, revealed no mutations. While hyperinsulinism is a recognized feature of RASopathies, a focal proliferation of endocrine cells similar to a focal lesion of hyperinsulinism is a novel pathologic finding in Costello syndrome.
Polymerase Chain Reaction: Basic Principles and Routine Practice (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a primer-mediated enzymatic amplification of specifically cloned or genomic DNA sequences (1). This PCR process, invented by Kary Mullis over 10 years ago, has been automated for routine use in laboratories worldwide. The template DNA contains the target sequence, which may be tens or tens of thousands of nucleotides in length. A thermostable DNA polymerase, Taq DNA polymerase, catalyzes the buffered reaction in which an excess of an oligonucleotide primer pair and four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are used to make millions of copies of the target sequence. Although the purpose of the PCR process is to amplify template DNA, a reverse transcription step allows the starting point to be RNA (2–5).
Therapeutic advantage of (90)yttrium- versus (131)iodine-labeled PAM4 antibody in experimental pancreatic cancer. (2001)

These data demonstrate the advantage of (90)Y over (131)I as the radionuclide for PAM4-targeted radioimmunotherapy of xenografted pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the duration and extent of the antitumor response suggests that multiple treatment cycles of (90)Y-PAM4 may provide an effective therapeutic for the control of pancreatic cancer.
Isolation of tyrosine kinase related genes expressed in the early hematopoietic system (1994)

Transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors are involved in cellular interactions which promote proliferation and differentiation of many cell types. To identify receptor tyrosine kinases important in embryonic hematopoietic cell development we have utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and degenerate oligonucleotides for isolation of such genes from mouse yolk sac and fetal liver. Sequence analysis of PCR amplified cDNAs from these hematopoietic sites of day 8 and 14 embryos, resulted in the isolation of nine tyrosine kinase and three serine/threonine kinase related clones. Two of these receptors, tek and flk-1, are expressed in both yolk sac and fetal liver and have been shown previously to be important for endothelial cell development. Two other clones, 9B4 and 9A2 appeared novel upon isolation but have been recently described as ryk and SK2 (rat homologue). Here we describe the twelve isolated kinases, the specific expression patterns of flk-1, tek and ryk kinases and their potential relationship to the development of the hematopoietic system.
Structure-activity relationship of diphenylthiourea antivirals (1980)

The dependence between chemical structure and antiviral activity of N,N'-diphenylthioureas is studied by synthesis and testing of model compounds and use of conformational data. The analysis revealed a number of structural features as essential for the antiviral effect: (1) the presence of an intact -NHC(==S)NH- grouping; (2) the presence of a substituent of the XH type (X = O, NH) in the aromatic ring; (3) the distance between these substituents and the sulfur atom in the 6.68-6.75 A range for the active compounds: (4) a trans conformation of the -C(==S)NH-group bound to the substituted phenyl ring. The directed synthesis of compounds satisfying the above requirements yielded the derivative N-phenyl-N'-(m-aminophenyl)thiourea exhibiting a very high antipicornavirus activity in vitro and several other active analogues (four out of seven synthesized). The possible mechanism of interaction between the active diphenylthiourea derivatives and the viral target is discussed.
Ecosystem dynamics based on plankton functional types for global ocean biogeochemistry models (2005)

Abstract Ecosystem processes are important determinants of the biogeochemistry of the ocean, and they can be profoundly affected by changes in climate. Ocean models currently express ecosystem processes through empirically derived parameterizations that tightly link key geochemical tracers to ocean physics. The explicit inclusion of ecosystem processes in models will permit ecological changes to be taken into account, and will allow us to address several important questions, including the causes of observed glacial–interglacial changes in atmospheric trace gases and aerosols, and how the oceanic uptake of CO 2 is likely to change in the future. There is an urgent need to assess our mechanistic understanding of the environmental factors that exert control over marine ecosystems, and to represent their natural complexity based on theoretical understanding. We present a prototype design for a Dynamic Green Ocean Model (DGOM) based on the identification of (a) key plankton functional types that need to be simulated explicitly to capture important biogeochemical processes in the ocean; (b) key processes controlling the growth and mortality of these functional types and hence their interactions; and (c) sources of information necessary to parameterize each of these processes within a modeling framework. We also develop a strategy for model evaluation, based on simulation of both past and present mean state and variability, and identify potential sources of validation data for each. Finally, we present a DGOM‐based strategy for addressing key questions in ocean biogeochemistry. This paper thus presents ongoing work in ocean biogeochemical modeling, which, it is hoped will motivate international collaborations to improve our understanding of the role of the ocean in the climate system.
Plasmodium falciparum‐inhibitory monoclonal antibodies produced by human hybridomas (1987)

Stable human hybridomas were generated that produced inhibitory anti-Plasmodium falciparum monoclonal antibodies. Peripheral blood lymphocytes, obtained from adults in Liberia, a malaria endemic area, were immortalized with Epstein-Barr virus and then fused with KR4, a human, lymphoblastoid cell line. Stable hybridomas that produced anti-P. falciparum monoclonal antibody were identified by an ELISA assay that used the trophozoite and schizont antigens of both the Honduras I and FCR3 parasite strains. Monoclonal antibodies produced by selected hybridomas derived from lymphocytes of two individuals were subsequently studied. The anti-parasite antibodies were produced at 1-3 micrograms/ml in culture supernatants. All of the monoclonal antibodies bound specifically to trophozoites and schizonts of both strains of parasite in an indirect immunofluorescence assay and inhibited production of ring stage parasites by more than 90% when added to trophozoite or schizont containing erythrocytes in culture. Western immunoblot analysis of antigens obtained from trophozoites and schizonts (parasite age span of 36 to 48 h) was performed using either affinity purified or ammonium sulfate-concentrated monoclonal antibody. Antibody from three hybridomas which bound primarily to antigens of the Honduras 1 strain had Mr of approximately 140,000, 130,000 and 123,000.
Psychosocial considerations for bone marrow transplant recipients (1995)

Psychosocial considerations for bone marrow transplant recipients include not only the patient's reactions to the illness and form of treatment, but also the effect and reactions the patient receives from family, friends and care-givers. This article highlights the particular psychosocial concerns of bone marrow transplant recipients before, during, and after bone marrow transplantation; their perceived quality of life after transplantation; and the impact of family, friends, and caregivers on their hospitalization and recovery phases of transplantation.
Tailoring of Biomimetic High-Density Lipoprotein Nanostructures Changes Cholesterol Binding and Efflux (2011)

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were employed as templates to synthesize spherical, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biomimics (HDL Au NPs) of different sizes and surface chemistries. The effect of size and surface chemistry on the cholesterol binding properties and the ability of the HDL Au NPs to efflux cholesterol from macrophage cells were measured. Results demonstrate that Au NPs may be utilized as templates to generate nanostructures with different physical characteristics that mimic natural HDL. Furthermore, the properties of the HDL Au NPs may be tailored to modulate the ability to bind cholesterol in solution and efflux cholesterol from macrophages. From the conjugates tested, the optimum size and surface chemistry for preparing functional Au NP-templated HDL biomimics were identified.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt and Ras/Raf-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mutations in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (2007)

BRAF mutations appear to play a role in the tumorigenesis of a subset of ATCs, and the majority of lymph node metastases. PIK3CA alterations occur preferentially in the later stages of ATC and were the most relevant events during thyroid cancer progression. The activation of both pathways suggests an important role in ATC dedifferentiation.
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal displays: switching times effect (1998)

Electrooptical and switching properties of polyester resin/nematic liquid crystal composite films have been studied by varying composition, temperature and UV curing time of the matrix. The PDLC films were formed by LC separation in UV polymerization process of the thin layer of oligoester resin between ITO coated glass plates. The electrooptical and response behavior based on the electric field controlled light scattering of the composite films was recorded. The result were interpreted in terms of effective anchoring strength at the interface of polymer and liquid crystal.
Migratory TCP: connection migration for service continuity in the Internet (2003)

Today's Internet services are commonly built over TCP, the standard Internet connection-oriented reliable transport protocol. The endpoint naming scheme of TCP, based on network layer (IP) addresses, creates an implicit binding between a service and the IP address of a server providing it, throughout the lifetime of a client connection. This makes a TCP client prone to all adverse conditions that may affect the server endpoint or the internetwork in between, after the connection is established: congestion or failure in the network, server overloaded, failed or under DoS attack. Studies that quantify the effects of network stability and route availability demonstrate that connectivity failures can significantly impact Internet services. As a result, although highly available servers can be deployed, sustaining continuous service remains a problem. We propose cooperative service model, in which a pool of similar servers, possibly geographically distributed across the Internet, cooperate in sustaining a service by migration of client connections within the pool. The control traffic between servers, needed to support migrated connections, can be carried either over the Internet or over a private network. From client's viewpoint, at any point during the lifetime of its service session, the remote endpoint of its connection may transparently migrate between servers.
Cloning and characterization of a Prevotella melaninogenica hemolysin (1997)

Hemolysins have been proven to be important virulence factors in many medically relevant pathogenic organisms. Their production has also been implicated in the etiology of periodontal disease. Hemolytic strain 361B of Prevotella melaninogenica, a putative etiologic agent of periodontal disease, was used in this study. The cloning, sequencing, and characterization of phyA, the structural gene for a P. melaninogenica hemolysin, is described. No extensive sequence homology could be identified between phyA and any reported sequence at either the nucleotide or amino acid level. As predicted from sequence analysis, this gene produces a 39-kDa protein which has hemolytic activity as measured by zymogram analysis. Unlike many Ca2+-dependent bacterial hemolysins, both the cloned and native PhyA proteins were enhanced by the presence of EDTA in a dose-dependent fashion with 40 mM EDTA allowing maximum activity. Ca2+ and Mg2+ were found to be inhibitory. The hemolytic activity also was found to have a dose-dependent endpoint. Through recovery of hemolytic activity from a spent reaction, this endpoint was shown to be the result of end product inhibition. This is the first report describing the cloning and sequencing of a gene from P. melaninogenica.
Gene expression profiling of advanced lung cancer (2000)

Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm with 85% mortality. To identify new tumor-associated genes, we compared the expression profile of a primary metastasizing adenocarcinoma with normal airway epithelial cells. Two cDNA libraries of up- and downregulated genes were generated, comprising 253 and 299 clones, respectively. The sequence analysis revealed 205 different known genes and 314 cDNA fragments of unknown functions. Northern-blot analysis of 167 clones confirmed differential expression in 58%, and indicated a similar expression pattern in additional lung-cancer cell lines for selected clones, strengthening the value of this model for the identification of new candidate genes in lung carcinogenesis.
Development of an efficient conjugation-based genetic manipulation system for Pseudoalteromonas (2015)

Pseudoalteromonas is commonly found throughout the world's oceans, and has gained increased attention due to the ecological and biological significance. Although over fifty Pseudoalteromonas genomes have been sequenced with an aim to explore the adaptive strategies in different habitats, in vivo studies are hampered by the lack of effective genetic manipulation systems for most strains in this genus. Here, nine Pseudoalteromonas strains isolated from different habitats were selected and used as representative strains to develop a universal genetic manipulation system. Erythromycin and chloramphenicol resistance were chosen as selection markers based on antibiotics resistance test of the nine strains. A conjugation protocol based on the RP4 conjugative machinery in E. coli WM3064 was developed to overcome current limitations of genetic manipulation in Pseudoalteromonas. Two mobilizable gene expression shuttle vectors (pWD2-oriT and pWD2Ery-oriT) were constructed, and conjugation efficiency of pWD2-oriT from E. coli to the nine Pseudoalteromonas strains ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) transconjugants per recipient cells. Two suicide vectors, pK18mobsacB-Cm and pK18mobsacB-Ery (with sacB for counter-selection), were constructed for gene knockout. To verify the feasibility of this system, we selected gene or operon that may lead to phenotypic change once disrupted as targets to facilitate in vivo functional confirmation. Successful deletions of two genes related to prodigiosin biosynthesis (pigMK) in P. rubra DSM 6842, one biofilm related gene (bsmA) in P. sp. SM9913, one gene related to melanin hyperproduction (hmgA) in P. lipolytica SCSIO 04301 and two flagella-related genes (fliF and fliG) in P. sp. SCSIO 11900 were verified, respectively. In addition, complementation of hmgA using shuttle vector pWD2-oriT was rescued the phenotype caused by deletion of chromosomal copy of hmgA in P. lipolytica SCSIO 04301. Taken together, we demonstrate that the vectors and the conjugative protocol developed here have potential to use in various Pseudoalteromonas strains.
Glycoconjugate Data Bank:Structures an annotated glycan structure database and N-glycan primary structure verification service (2007)

Glycobiology has been brought to public attention as a frontier in the post-genomic era. Structural information about glycans has been accumulating in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) for years. It has been recognized, however, that there are many questionable glycan models in the PDB. A tool for verifying the primary structures of glycan 3D structures is evidently required, yet there have been no such publicly available tools. The Glycoconjugate Data Bank:Structures (GDB:Structures, http://www.glycostructures.jp) is an annotated glycan structure database, which also provides an N-glycan primary structure (or glycoform) verification service. All the glycan 3D structures are detected and annotated by an in-house program named 'getCARBO'. When an N-glycan is detected in a query coordinate by getCARBO, the primary structure of the glycan is compared with the most similar entry in the glycan primary structure database (KEGG GLYCAN), and unmatched substructure(s) are indicated if observed. The results of getCARBO are stored and presented in GDB:Structures.