gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confined Plasmons in Metallic Nanocavities (2001)

We investigate the properties of gold surfaces patterned using a nanoscale "lost wax" technique by electrochemical deposition through a self-assembled latex template. Near-spherical gold nanocavities within the resulting porous films support localized surface plasmons which couple strongly to incident light, appearing as sharp spectral features in reflectivity measurements. The energy of the resonances is easily tunable from ultraviolet to near infrared by controlling the diameter and height of the nanocavities. The energies of these features agree well with the Mie resonances of a perfect spherical void.
Dengue virus nonstructural protein 3 redistributes fatty acid synthase to sites of viral replication and increases cellular fatty acid synthesis (2010)

Dengue virus (DENV) modifies cellular membranes to establish its sites of replication. Although the 3D architecture of these structures has recently been described, little is known about the cellular pathways required for their formation and expansion. In this report, we examine the host requirements for DENV replication using a focused RNAi analysis combined with validation studies using pharmacological inhibitors. This approach identified three cellular pathways required for DENV replication: autophagy, actin polymerization, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Further characterization of the viral modulation of fatty acid biosynthesis revealed that a key enzyme in this pathway, fatty acid synthase (FASN), is relocalized to sites of DENV replication. DENV nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is responsible for FASN recruitment, inasmuch as (i) NS3 expressed in the absence of other viral proteins colocalizes with FASN and (ii) NS3 interacts with FASN in a two-hybrid assay. There is an associated increase in the rate of fatty acid biosynthesis in DENV-infected cells, and de novo synthesized lipids preferentially cofractionate with DENV RNA. Finally, purified recombinant NS3 stimulates the activity of FASN in vitro. Taken together, these experiments suggest that DENV co-opts the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway to establish its replication complexes. This study provides mechanistic insight into DENV membrane remodeling and highlights the potential for the development of therapeutics that inhibit DENV replication by targeting the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway.
TEM‐1 β‐lactamase as a scaffold for protein recognition and assay (2002)

A large number of different proteins or protein domains have been investigated as possible scaffolds to engineer antibody-like molecules. We have previously shown that the TEM-1 beta-lactamase can accommodate insertions of random sequences in two loops surrounding its active site without compromising its activity. From the libraries that were generated, active enzymes binding with high affinities to monoclonal antibodies raised against prostate-specific antigen, a protein unrelated to beta-lactamase, could be isolated. Antibody binding was shown to affect markedly the enzyme activity. As a consequence, these enzymes have the potential to be used as signaling molecules in direct or competitive homogeneous immunoassay. Preliminary results showed that beta-lactamase clones binding to streptavidin could also be isolated, indicating that some enzymes in the libraries have the ability to recognize proteins other than antibodies. In this paper, we show that, in addition to beta-lactamases binding to streptavidin, beta-lactamase clones binding to horse spleen ferritin and beta-galactosidase could be isolated. Affinity maturation of a clone binding to ferritin allowed obtaining beta-lactamases with affinities comprised between 10 and 20 nM (Kd) for the protein. Contrary to what was observed for beta-lactamases issued from selections on antibodies, enzyme complexation induced only a modest effect on enzyme activity, in the three cases studied. This kind of enzyme could prove useful in replacement of enzyme-conjugated antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) or in other applications that use antibodies conjugated to an enzyme.
49.1: A 14.1 inch Full Color AMOLED Display with Top Emission Structure and a‐Si TFT Backplane (2005)

Abstract A structure and a design of device were developed to fabricate large‐scale active matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) display with good color purity and high aperture ratio. With these technologies, we developed a full color 14.1 inch WXGA AMOLED display. For the integration of OLED on an active matrix a‐Si TFT backplane, an efficient top emission OLED is essential since the TFT circuitry covers a large position of the pixel aperture. These technologies will enable up the OLED applications to larger size displays such as desktop monitors and TVs.
Synthesis, mesomorphic properties and potential applications of aryl esters of 4-n-alkylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acids in electrooptic displays (1989)

Abstract The reaction of 4-substituted phenols with 4-n-alkylcyclohexene-1-carbonyl chlorides, which differ in the position of their double bond in the ring, has yielded the corresponding esters. Investigation of their mesophoric properties including the electrooptic parameters of mixtures containing these compounds show that aryl esters of acids containing the double bond in the second position of the cyclohexene fragment are the most promising for use as components of liquid crystal mixtures.
T Cell Costimulation by the TNF Ligand BAFF (2001)

The TNF ligand family member BAFF (B cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family, also called Blys, TALL-1, zTNF-4, or THANK) is an important survival factor for B cells [corrected]. In this study, we show that BAFF is able to regulate T cell activation. rBAFF induced responses (thymidine incorporation and cytokine secretion) of T cells, suboptimally stimulated through their TCR. BAFF activity was observed on naive, as well as on effector/memory T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets), indicating that BAFF has a wide function on T cell responses. Analysis of the signal transduced by BAFF into T cells shows that BAFF has no obvious effect on T cell survival upon activation, but is able to deliver a complete costimulation signal into T cells. Indeed, BAFF is sufficient to induce IL-2 secretion and T cell division, when added to an anti-TCR stimulation. This highlights some differences in the BAFF signaling pathway in T and B cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that BAFF may play a role in the development of T cell responses, in addition to its role in B cell homeostasis.
Therapeutic rescue of neurodegeneration in experimental type 3 diabetes: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with major impairments in insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression and signaling in the brain. These abnormalities increase with severity of dementia, and are associated with deficiencies in energy metabolism and acetylcholine homeostasis. The co-existence of brain insulin/IGF deficiency and resistance suggests that AD may represent a brain-specific form of diabetes, i.e. Type 3 diabetes. This hypothesis is supported by the findings in an experimental animal model in which intracerebral (ic) Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to deplete brain and not pancreatic insulin. The ic-STZ treatment produced brain-specific insulin depletion and insulin resistance are associated with progressive neurodegeneration that shares many features in common with AD. We now demonstrate that early treatment with peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor agonists can effectively prevent ic-STZ-induced neurodegeneration and its associated deficits in learning and memory. These effects were mediated by increased binding to insulin receptors, reduced levels of oxidative stress and tau phosphorylation, and increased choline acetyltransferase expression in the brain, suggesting that insulin sensitizer agents may have therapeutic efficacy in early AD.
Movement disorders : neurologic principles and practice (1997)

Introduction to movement Disorders neuroscience foundations clinical disorders Parkinsonian states tremor disorders dystonic disorders choreatic disorders myoclonic disorders tic disorders cerebellar disorders other movement disorders special considerstions.
Argon Green Laser Photoepilation in the Treatment of Trachomatous Trichiasis (1994)

We describe the treatment of focal trachomatous trichiasis with argon green laser. We treated 70 eyelashes in 17 patients with 80% success and found this treatment modality convenient both for the patient and the practitioner.
Effect of triiodothyronine on rat liver polysome profiles and translational activity of mRNA after partial hepatectomy. (1992)

The administration of 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) (200 micrograms/100 g) to rats immediately after partial hepatectomy led to an increase in total polysome content of residual hepatocytes (as measured 18 h postoperatively) which exceeded that observed after partial hepatectomy in the absence of hormone. The percentage of free ribosome pool remained the same after partial hepatectomy irrespectively on the absence or presence of T3. After partial hepatectomy the sedimentation pattern of total polysomal fraction (isolated 18 h postoperatively) shifted towards smaller aggregates as compared with that isolated from sham operated animals. T3 did not affect this pattern. The translational capacity of mRNA isolated from regenerating liver after 18 h was higher than that of mRNA isolated from sham operated animals. T3 increased the translational capacity of mRNA isolated from regenerating liver if administered immediately after surgery. Two dimensional electrophoresis of translated products showed that one of the typical proteins recently characterized with Mr 25,000 pI 6.9 appeared after partial hepatectomy and was significantly increased when T3 was administered immediately after surgery. These results show that thyroid hormone can enhance some of the characteristics features of liver regeneration involved in the synthesis of proteins typical for the process of liver regeneration.
A fusion protein of interleukin‐11 and soluble interleukin‐11 receptor acts as a superagonist on cells expressing gp130 (1999)

Interleukin-11 is a hematopoietic cytokine that signals via the signal transducer gp130. Although gp130 is ubiquitously expressed, interleukine-11 responsiveness is restricted to cells that express the interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit. The interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit can be functionally replaced by its soluble form indicating that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic parts are not required for signal transduction. Here, we show that a recombinant fusion protein of a fragment of the human interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit ectodomain linked to human interleukine-11 acts as a superagonist on cells expressing gp130 but lacking the membrane-bound interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit. It induces acute phase protein synthesis in hepatoma cells and efficiently promotes proliferation of Ba/F3 cells stably, transfected with gp130. In these bioassays, the fusion protein of a fragment of the human interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit ectodomain linked to human interleukine-11 is 50 times more potent than the combination of interleukine-11 and the soluble interleukine-11 receptor alpha-subunit. Thus, our findings support the concept that covalent fusion of two soluble proteins required for receptor activation dramatically increases their bioactivity.
Autologous retinal pigment epithelium-choroid sheet transplantation in age related macular degeneration: morphological and functional results (2006)

Autologous RPE-choroid sheet transplantation is feasible and a comparatively safe procedure. Microperimetry showed fixation and light perception over the graft with a moderate increase in mean visual acuity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the SurePure Turbulator ultraviolet-C irradiation equipment on inactivation of different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses inoculated in commercially collected liquid animal plasma (2019)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SurePure Turbulator ultraviolet-C (UV-C, 254 nm wavelength) irradiation equipment on inactivation of different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in commercially collected liquid animal plasma. Specifically, Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Swine influenza virus (SIV) as enveloped viruses and Porcine parvovirus (PPV), Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and Senecavirus A (SVA) as non-enveloped viruses, were inoculated in bovine or porcine plasma and subjected to different UV-C irradiation doses (0, 750, 1500, 3000, 6000 and 9000 J/L) using an UV-C device developed for opaque liquid working under turbulent flow. The enveloped viruses tested were inactivated at < 3000 J/L of UV-C, being the dose needed to inactivate 4 log TCID50 (4D) of 1612 J/L for PRV,1004 J/L for PRRSV, 1953 J/L for PEDV, 1639 J/L for SIV, 1641 J/L for CSFV and 1943 J/L for BVDV. The non-enveloped viruses tended to have higher 4D values: 2161 J/L for PPV, 3223 J/L for SVA and 3708 J/L for SVDV. Because the initial viral concentration was <4.0 Log for PCV-2, it was not possible to calculate the 4D value for this virus. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the SurePure Turbulator UV-C treatment system is capable of inactivating significant levels of swine viruses inoculated in commercially collected porcine or bovine plasma. It was concluded that irradiation with UV-C can provide an additional redundant biosafety feature in the manufacturing process of spray-dried animal plasma.
Fabrication of large arrays of metallic nanowires on V-grooved substrates (1995)

Large arrays of Au nanowires down to 50 nm in width are fabricated on V-grooved InP substrates. Holographic laser interference exposure of photoresist and anisotropic etching are used to pattern the surface of InP(001) substrates into V-shaped grooves with a 200 nm period. Next, the patterned substrates are covered with a thin Au film, which is subsequently structured into nanowires using a well controlled wet etching process. Initial characterization confirms that the wires are electrically continuous.
The SOCS box of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 is important for inhibition of cytokine action in vivo (2001)

Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is an essential physiological inhibitor of IFN-gamma signaling. Mice lacking this gene die in the early postnatal period from a disease characterized by hyperresponsiveness to endogenous IFN-gamma. The SOCS box is a C-terminal domain shared with over 30 other proteins that links SOCS proteins to an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and the proteasome, but whether it contributes to inhibition of cytokine signaling is currently disputed. We have deleted only the SOCS box of the SOCS-1 gene in mice and show that such mice have an increased responsiveness to IFN-gamma and slowly develop a fatal inflammatory disease. These results demonstrate that deletion of the SOCS box leads to a partial loss of function of SOCS-1.
The CXCR1 and CXCR2 Receptors Form Constitutive Homo- and Heterodimers Selectively and with Equal Apparent Affinities (2005)

Both homo- and heterodimeric interactions between the CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors were observed following co-expression of forms of these receptors in HEK293 cells using assays, including co-immunoprecipitation, single cell imaging of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, cell surface time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. These interactions were constitutive and unaffected by the presence of the agonist interleukin 8 and selective as no significant interactions were noted between either the CXCR1 or CXCR2 receptor and the alpha(1A)-adrenoreceptor. Saturation bioluminescence resonance energy transfer indicated that heteromeric interactions between CXCR1 and CXCR2 were of similar affinity as the corresponding homomeric interactions. A novel endoplasmic reticulum trapping strategy demonstrated that these interactions were initiated during protein synthesis and maturation and prior to cell surface delivery. These studies indicated that CXCR1-CXCR2 heterodimers are as likely to form in cells co-expressing these two chemokine receptors as the corresponding homodimers and stand in contrast to previous studies indicating an inability of the CXCR1 receptor to homodimerize or to interact with the CXCR2 receptor (Trettel, F., Di Bartolomeo, S., Lauro, C., Catalano, M., Ciotti, M. T., and Limatola, C. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40980-40988).
HER-2-directed, small-molecule antagonists. (2008)

Inactivation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) tyrosine kinase holds significant promise as a cancer treatment hypothesis, making it a high-value target for drug discovery. Screening and structure-based efforts have led to the development of several classes of ATP analog inhibitors of the HER-2 tyrosine kinase. These efforts have been further enhanced by detailed structural information regarding its sibling kinase, the EGF receptor, and structural properties that can be exploited to confer activity and even selectivity toward HER-2 kinase. Signaling and structural studies also suggest a critical involvement of the kinase inactive HER-3 in the regulation of HER-2, creating unique challenges in the efforts to inactivate the latter.
When microspores decide to become embryos — cellular and molecular changesThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology. (2006)

Cultured microspores can be induced to develop into fully functional haploid embryos instead of mature pollen. The ability of these cells to change their development in response to environmental stimuli is an exceptional example of totipotency in plants. Discovering the triggers of embryo development in microspore cultures could lead to a greater understanding of the early stages of embryogenesis in plants and might be used to increase the range of crop plants to which microspore culture can be applied for the production of double haploid homozygous lines. The information might also help to define the general characteristics of pluripotent cells in any organism. In this review, the changes that occur in cellular organization and gene expression in early-stage microspore cultures of several species are discussed. Responding cells in these cultures enlarge, their nuclei are repositioned to their cell centres, and their cytoplasms become filled with fragmented vacuoles. We used flow cytometry to track cellular changes in canola ( Brassica napus L.) microspore cultures as well as microarray analyses and real-time PCR to compare gene expression in embryogenic and nonembryogenic cells. A model for embryogenic cell activation in plants that involves alkalinization, Ca 2+ signaling, and changes in GTPase activity that lead to significant changes in gene expression is discussed.
Development of the hemangioblast defines the onset of hematopoiesis in human ES cell differentiation cultures (2006)

The onset of hematopoiesis in the mouse embryo and in the embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation model is defined by the emergence of the hemangioblast, a progenitor with both hematopoietic and vascular potential. While there is evidence for the existence of a hemangioblast in the mouse, it is unclear if this progenitor develops during the establishment of the human hematopoietic system. In this report, we have mapped hematopoietic development in human ES cell (hESC) differentiation cultures and demonstrated that a comparable hemangioblast population exists. The human hemangioblasts were identified by their capacity to generate blast colonies that display both hematopoietic and vascular potential. These colony-forming cells express the receptor tyrosine kinase KDR (VEGF receptor 2) and represent a transient population that develops in BMP-4-stimulated embryoid bodies (EBs) between 72 and 96 hours of differentiation, prior to the onset of the primitive erythroid program. Two distinct types of hemangioblasts were identified, those that give rise to primitive erythroid cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells and those that generate only the primitive erythroid population and endothelial cells. These findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of the human hemangioblast and in doing so identify the earliest stage of hematopoietic commitment.
Targeting of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles to tumor cells in Vivo by using transferrin receptor pathways (1998)

Human transferrin was covalently coupled to ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles, and the transferrin-USPIO obtained was investigated in vivo in experimental SMT/2A tumor-bearing rats (rat mammary carcinoma). Physicochemical characterization showed an overall size of 36 nm (DLS) with a core size of 5 nm (TEM). Relaxivities were R1 = 23.6 and R2 = 52.1 liter/mmol.s (0.47 T). Bound transferrin was 280 micrograms/mg of iron. Pharmacokinetic investigations revealed a half-life of 17 min in normal rats. The MR evaluation of tumor signal intensity over time showed a 40% (range 25-55%) signal reduction 150 min after injection with the reduction persisting for at least 8 h. Control experiments using the parent USPIO compound or USPIO labeled with a nonspecific human serum albumin (HSA-USPIO) showed a change of only 10% (range 5-15%) in tumor signal intensity over time. The results demonstrate that a combination of the USPIO relaxivity properties with the specificity of transferrin-mediated endocytosis allows in vivo detection of tumors by MR imaging.
Tau Cleavage and Dephosphorylation in Cerebellar Granule Neurons Undergoing Apoptosis (1998)

Cerebellar granule cells undergo apoptosis in culture after deprivation of potassium and serum. During this process we found that tau, a neuronal microtubule-associated protein that plays a key role in the maintenance of neuronal architecture, and the pathology of which correlates with intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease, is cleaved. The final product of this cleavage is a soluble dephosphorylated tau fragment of 17 kDa that is unable to associate with microtubules and accumulates in the perikarya of dying cells. The appearance of this 17 kDa fragment is inhibited by both caspase and calpain inhibitors, suggesting that tau is an in vivo substrate for both of these proteases during apoptosis. Tau cleavage is correlated with disruption of the microtubule network, and experiments with colchicine and taxol show that this is likely to be a cause and not a consequence of tau cleavage. These data indicate that tau cleavage and change in phosphorylation are important early factors in the failure of the microtubule network that occurs during neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, this study introduces new insights into the mechanism(s) that generate the truncated forms of tau present in Alzheimer's disease.
The effect of dexmedetomidine during myringotomy and pressure‐equalizing tube placement in children (2011)

In this trial, we were unable to answer the original question as to the role of dexmedetomidine on time-averaged pain and agitation scores after BMT. However, our findings clearly demonstrate that in children undergoing BMT, at higher doses, dexmedetomidine significantly prolongs length of stay in the PACU.
The AMD opteron processor for multiprocessor servers (2003)

Representing AMD's entry into 64-bit computing, Opteron combines the backwards compatibility of the X86-64 architecture with a DDR memory controller and hypertransport links to deliver server-class performance. These features also make Opteron a flexible, modular, and easily connectable component for various multiprocessor configurations.