gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD69+ and HLA‐DR+ activation antigens on peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in metastatic breast and ovarian cancer patients: Correlations with survival following active specific immunotherapy (1995)

Lymphocyte activation markers CD69 and HLA-DR were studied in metastatic breast and ovarian cancer patients who received active specific immunotherapy (ASI) using cancer vaccines containing the synthetic tumor-associated antigen sialyl-Tn or the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen conjugated to KLH plus DETOX adjuvant. Breast cancer patients who showed prolonged survival following ASI had lower numbers of total CD69+ and CD4+CD69+ cells prior to ASI compared to patients who died. However, following ASI, the surviving patients showed an increase in CD69+ and CD4+CD69+ cells and the deceased patients showed a decrease. A greater than 50% increase in the percentage of cells bearing the activation marker CD69 is associated with an increase in survival in both ovarian and breast cancer patients. In the surviving breast cancer patients there was a significant decrease in the percentage of non-B lymphocyte HLA-DR+ (CD20-HLA-DR+) cells following cyclophosphamide treatment. A strong positive correlation was found between lymphocyte populations CD20- HLA-DR+ and CD8+CD57+, a putative suppressor cell population. Breast cancer patients who showed a greater than median decrease in CD20-HLA-DR+ lymphocytes following cyclophosphamide treatment had a survival advantage over patients who had less than the median decrease in the percent CD20-HLA-DR+ lymphocytes.
Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (2005)

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by excessive tachycardia during orthostasis. To test the hypothesis that patients with POTS have decreased sympathetic neural responses to baroreflex stimuli, we measured heart rate (HR) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to three baroreflex stimuli including vasoactive drug boluses (modified Oxford technique), Valsalva maneuver, and head-up tilt (HUT) in POTS patients and healthy control subjects. The MSNA response to the Valsalva maneuver was significantly greater in the POTS group (controls, 26 +/- 7 vs. POTS, 48 +/- 6% of baseline MSNA/mmHg; P = 0.03). POTS patients also had an exaggerated MSNA response to 30 degrees HUT (controls, 123 +/- 24 vs. POTS, 208 +/- 30% of baseline MSNA; P = 0.03) and tended to have an exaggerated response to 45 degrees HUT (controls, 137 +/- 27 vs. POTS, 248 +/- 58% of baseline MSNA; P = 0.10). Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity calculated during administration of the vasoactive drug boluses also tended to be greater in the POTS patients; however, this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.15). Baseline MSNA values during supine rest were not different between the groups (controls, 23 +/- 4 vs. POTS, 16 +/- 5 bursts/100 heartbeats; P = 0.30); however, resting HR was significantly higher in the POTS group (controls, 58 +/- 3 vs. POTS, 82 +/- 4 beats/min; P = 0.0001). Our results suggest that POTS patients have exaggerated MSNA responses to baroreflex challenges compared with healthy control subjects, although resting supine MSNA values did not differ between the groups.
Developments in the use ofBacillusspecies for industrial production (2004)

Bacillus species continue to be dominant bacterial workhorses in microbial fermentations. Bacillus subtilis (natto) is the key microbial participant in the ongoing production of the soya-based traditional natto fermentation, and some Bacillus species are on the Food and Drug Administration's GRAS (generally regarded as safe) list. The capacity of selected Bacillus strains to produce and secrete large quantities (20-25 g/L) of extracellular enzymes has placed them among the most important industrial enzyme producers. The ability of different species to ferment in the acid, neutral, and alkaline pH ranges, combined with the presence of thermophiles in the genus, has lead to the development of a variety of new commercial enzyme products with the desired temperature, pH activity, and stability properties to address a variety of specific applications. Classical mutation and (or) selection techniques, together with advanced cloning and protein engineering strategies, have been exploited to develop these products. Efforts to produce and secrete high yields of foreign recombinant proteins in Bacillus hosts initially appeared to be hampered by the degradation of the products by the host proteases. Recent studies have revealed that the slow folding of heterologous proteins at the membrane-cell wall interface of Gram-positive bacteria renders them vulnerable to attack by wall-associated proteases. In addition, the presence of thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases in B. subtilis may be beneficial in the secretion of disulphide-bond-containing proteins. Such developments from our understanding of the complex protein translocation machinery of Gram-positive bacteria should allow the resolution of current secretion challenges and make Bacillus species preeminent hosts for heterologous protein production. Bacillus strains have also been developed and engineered as industrial producers of nucleotides, the vitamin riboflavin, the flavor agent ribose, and the supplement poly-gamma-glutamic acid. With the recent characterization of the genome of B. subtilis 168 and of some related strains, Bacillus species are poised to become the preferred hosts for the production of many new and improved products as we move through the genomic and proteomic era.
Silica-Like Malleable Materials from Permanent Organic Networks (2011)

Permanently cross-linked materials have outstanding mechanical properties and solvent resistance, but they cannot be processed and reshaped once synthesized. Non-cross-linked polymers and those with reversible cross-links are processable, but they are soluble. We designed epoxy networks that can rearrange their topology by exchange reactions without depolymerization and showed that they are insoluble and processable. Unlike organic compounds and polymers whose viscosity varies abruptly near the glass transition, these networks show Arrhenius-like gradual viscosity variations like those of vitreous silica. Like silica, the materials can be wrought and welded to make complex objects by local heating without the use of molds. The concept of a glass made by reversible topology freezing in epoxy networks can be readily scaled up for applications and generalized to other chemistries.
Flocculation of oil-in-water emulsions by detergents (1978)

Detergents have long been used in the stabilization of emulsions (1,2) and these were found probably the most efficient emulsifiers (3, 4). Despite their emulsifying action, we here found, that these materials can be used, equally well, in breaking the emulsions.
Molecular cloning of a novel cytokine cDNA encoding the ninth member of the fibroblast growth factor family, which has a unique secretion property. (1993)

Glia-activating factor (GAF) is a novel heparin-binding growth factor purified from the culture supernatant of a human glioma cell line. It shows a spectrum of activity slightly different from those of other known growth factors. We have isolated the cDNA which encodes human GAF. A homology search revealed that GAF would be the ninth member of the FGF family, and we therefore call it FGF-9. The human FGF-9 cDNA cloned by using oligonucleotide probes encoded a polypeptide consisting of 208 amino acids. Sequence similarity to other members of the FGF family was estimated to be around 30%. Two cysteine residues and other consensus sequences in family members were also well conserved in the FGF-9 sequence. FGF-9 was found to have no typical signal sequence in its N terminus like those in acidic FGF and basic FGF. Acidic FGF and basic FGF are known not to be secreted from cells in a conventional manner. However, FGF-9 was found to be secreted from cells after synthesis despite its lack of a typical signal sequence. It could be detected exclusively in the culture medium of cDNA-transfected COS cells. The amino acid sequence of proteins purified from culture supernatant of the CHO cell line, which was cDNA transfected and selected as a high producer of FGF-9, showed that no peptides were cleaved from the N terminus except the initiation methionine. The rat FGF-9 cDNA was also cloned, and the structural analysis indicated that the PGF-9 gene is highly conserved. Expression of the FGF-9 gene could be detected in the brain and kidney of the adult rat. Restricted gene expression in organs and the unique secretion nature of the protein suggest that FGF-9 plays a physiological role which differs from those of well-characterized acidic FGF and basic FGF.
Rapid Separation of LDL Subclasses by Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation (2003)

This simple method for the detection of sdLDL can differentiate a predominance of sdLDL, is highly reproducible, and can be used preparatively to isolate sdLDL.
Interleukin 4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells. (1988)

Giant multinucleated cells (GMCs) are associated with granulomatous lesions that form in response to various infectious and noninfectious agents. The present study shows that mouse IL-4 induces the in vitro formation of GMCs by factor-dependent bone marrow and alveolar monocytes via cell fusion. GMCs appear 2 d after incubation of cell cultures with 20 U/ml or more of IL-4. Anti-IL-4 mAbs block the appearance of GMCs in these cultures, indicating that IL-4 acts directly on monocytes to promote fusion and does not secondarily induce the production of other soluble fusion factors. In soft agar cultures, IL-4 also causes the aggregation of macrophages and diminishes their migration. The role of IL-4 in a granulomatous inflammatory response is discussed.
A model for cancer-suppressive inflammation (2012)

In oncology, inflammation is generally regarded as a cancer-promoting process only. Here, we argue that this view may represent a misleading oversimplification. We present evidence from our own work and from the literature documenting cancer-suppressive aspects of inflammation. We propose that specific types of inflammation, in particular inflammation driven by tumor-specific Th1 cells, may repress rather than promote cancer. Th1 cells collaborate with tumor-infiltrating M1 macrophages to efficiently recognize and eliminate malignant cells. In a Th1 environment, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor-necrosis factor α (TNFα) enhance anti-cancer immunity. Inducing Th1-type inflammation may significantly improve immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
The Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones (2000)

Thyroid hormone is essential for normal development, differentiation, and metabolic balance. Thyroid hormone action is mediated by multiple thyroid hormone receptor isoforms derived from two distinct genes. The thyroid hormone receptors belong to a nuclear receptor superfamily that also includes receptors for other small lipophilic hormones. Thyroid hormone receptors function by binding to specific thyroid hormone-responsive sequences in promoters of target genes and by regulating transcription. Thyroid hormone receptors often form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors. Heterodimerization is regulated through distinct mechanisms that together determine the specificity and flexibility of the sequence recognition. Amino-terminal regions appear to modulate thyroid hormone receptor function in an isoform-dependent manner. Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor represses transcription through recruitment of a corepressor complex, which also includes Sin3A and histone deacetylase. Ligand binding alters the conformation of the thyroid hormone receptor in such a way as to release the corepressor complex and recruit a coactivator complex that includes multiple histone acetyltransferases, including a steroid receptor family coactivator, p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF), and CREB binding protein (CBP). The existence of histone-modifying activities in the transcriptional regulatory complexes indicates an important role of chromatin structure. Stoichiometric, structural, and sequence-specific rules for coregulator interaction are beginning to be understood, as are aspects of the tissue specificity of hormone action. Moreover, knockout studies suggest that the products of two thyroid hormone receptor genes mediate distinct functions in vivo. The increased understanding of the structure and function of thyroid hormone receptors and their interacting proteins has markedly clarified the molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.
Cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding Microbispora bispora BglB, a thermostable beta-glucosidase expressed in Escherichia coli (1992)

Genomic DNA fragments encoding beta-glucosidase activities of the thermophilic actinomycete Microbispora bispora were cloned into Escherichia coli. Transformants expressing beta-glucosidase activity were selected by their ability to hydrolyze the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside. Two genes encoding beta-glucosidase activity were isolated and distinguished by restriction analysis, Southern hybridization, and the substrate specificities of the encoded enzymes. One gene, bglB, encoded a beta-glucosidase that was expressed intracellularly in E. coli. It exhibited a molecular mass of approximately 52,000 Da by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and 51,280 Da by nondenaturing gradient PAGE, a pI of 4.6, and temperature and pH optima of 60 degrees C and 6.2, respectively. Cloned BglB showed greater activity against cellobiose than against aryl-beta-D-glucosides and was thermostable, retaining about 70% of its activity after 48 h at 60 degrees C. BglB activity is activated two- to threefold in the presence of 2 to 5% (0.1 to 0.3 M) glucose. The DNA sequence of the 2.2-kb insert carrying bglB has been determined. An open reading frame which codes for a protein of 473 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 52,227 Da showed significant homology (40 to 47% identity) with beta-glucosidases from glycosal hydrolase family 1.
Improvements in a Through-Casing Pulsed-Neutron Density Log (2001)

Abstract The practice of measuring the formation density with a standard pulsed-neutron system has been described in the literature1,2,3,4,5, and has been successfully applied in many reservoirs. This success leads to the obvious question: Can a system be developed that is optimized for this measurement? To understand which parameters should be measured, characterized, or require improved response, a more exact analytical model is required. The pulsed-neutron density measurement is based on the transport of gamma rays created by inelastic scattering of fast neutrons. The current density algorithm uses a diffusion model for the gamma ray transport process. This simple model does not include the effect of variations in fast neutron parameters on the process of gamma ray production. As a result, an ambiguity is introduced in the density log that is associated with the dynamic nature of the gamma source. The initial distribution of gamma rays is a function of atom density and hydrogen content and must be properly described as a first step toward a more exact transport model. The pulsed-neutron density measurement is analyzed and optimization is achieved using theoretical models, responses from laboratory formations and test wells, and through computer modeling. Along with data supporting an improved analytical model of the measurement, data is shown for incorporating fast neutron detectors and for optimizing spacings of the gamma ray detectors. As a result of this study, a prototypical detector array is described for improved density response.
Development of Myocardial Constructs Using Modulus-Matched Acrylated Polypropylene Glycol Triol Substrate and Different Nonmyocyte Cell Populations (2011)

Tissue engineering approaches are currently being investigated for the restoration of myocardial function in heart failure patients, most commonly by combining cells with a substrate to form myocardial-like constructs (MCs). The final properties of these constructs are dependant on the characteristics of both the substrate and the cells used for fabrication. To create a construct with the appropriate mechanical properties required for any future therapeutic, we tailored an acrylated polypropylene glycol triol (aPPGT) substrate to the elastic modulus of heart tissue and then investigated the fabrication of MCs. We first assessed the aPPGT substrate alone in vivo, both under normal conditions and in an infarct model in mice, and found that there was a mild foreign body response with good integration of the substrate into the epicardial surface in mice hearts. We next studied the fabrication and properties of MCs by culturing mouse embryonic cardiomyocytes on the aPPGT substrate. To achieve myocardial-like concentrically contractile constructs, cocultures with supportive stromal cells were found to be essential and both mouse heart-derived stromal cells or bone-derived mouse mesenchymal stromal progenitor cells (mMSCs) could be used. These different stromal cell types produced MCs with different properties. The average beating rate of the constructs formed from mouse heart-derived stromal cells was significantly higher those constructs formed using mMSCs. Conversely, the constructs formed using mMSCs had reduced fibrotic extracellular matrix secretion and increased hepatocyte growth factor expression. Both of these mMSC construct properties may enhance integration and therapeutic efficacy of the construct postimplantation on the surface of the infarcted heart. This study thus demonstrates the formation of MCs using mechanically tailored aPPGT substrate and also demonstrates the effects of different stromal cell populations have on the properties of the resultant MCs, both of which are critical for future applications of tissue engineering in heart failure patients.
Thermally stable polymers derived from 2,3,5,6‐tetraaminopyridine (1973)

Abstract The stable trihydrochloride salt of 2,3,5,6‐tetraaminopyridine (TAP) has been found to be a versatile intermediate to a variety of thermally stable polymers such as polybenzimidazoles (PBI), polyimidazopyrrolones (pyrrones), and polybenzimidazobenzophenanthroline (BB polymer). The controlled reactivity of two of the four amino sites of TAP · 3HCl towards diacid halides and dianhydrides makes possible the preparation of high molecular weight, soluble polyamide prepolymers at mild temperatures. PBI, pyrrones, and BB polymer are obtained from the linear polyamide precursors by heating at 150–375°C. Unoptimized cyclized polymers were aged isothermally in air at 600°F (316°C) and found to be superior to analogous polymers described in the literature. Weight retentions of up to 97% were observed after 500 hr in air at 600°F.
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection induces inflammatory changes in the aortas of rabbits (1997)

Chlamydia pneumoniae, a common human respiratory pathogen, has been associated with atherosclerosis in several seroepidemiological studies. Moreover, its presence in lesions of vessel walls has been demonstrated by culture, immunohistochemistry, PCR, and electron microscopy. In this study, we infected intranasally with C. pneumoniae New Zealand White rabbits which had been fed a normal diet. Reinfection was given 3 weeks later. Six of the nine reinfected animals showed inflammatory changes consisting of intimal thickening or fibroid plaques resembling atherosclerosis in 2 to 4 weeks after reinfection. One rabbit had calcified lesions. Immunohistochemistry for C. pneumoniae was strongly positive in the three older affected animals. No lesions were seen in the controls. The results suggest that C. pneumoniae infection is capable of inducing inflammatory atherosclerosis-like changes in the aortas of infected rabbits.
Tunability Analysis of a Graphene-Embedded Ring Modulator (2014)

This letter presents a novel graphene-embedded optical ring modulator that significantly enhances the modulation efficiency and tunability. Due to the enhanced light-matter interaction of graphene-embedded design, the shift rate of the resonance peak has been improved to 1.08 nm per applied voltage, which is two orders of the magnitude higher than previous ring modulators. The narrow bandwidth of the resonant modulator has been ameliorated to 149 GHz. In addition, our proposed modulator exhibits the advantages of high extinction ratio (22.13 dB) and smaller power consumption. Furthermore, a good tolerance of temperature drift (27 K) has been demonstrated in the proposed modulator.
HIV-1, Methamphetamine and Astrocyte Glutamate Regulation: Combined Excitotoxic Implications for Neuro-AIDS (2012)

Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the brain can lead to neurotoxicity when not properly regulated. Excitotoxicity is a direct result of abnormal regulation of glutamate concentrations in the synapse, and is a common neurotoxic mediator associated with neurodegenerative disorders. It is well accepted that methamphetamine (METH), a potent central nervous stimulant with high abuse potential, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 are implicated in the progression of neurocognitive malfunction. Both have been shown to induce common neurodegenerative effects such as astrogliosis, compromised blood brain barrier integrity, and excitotoxicity in the brain. Reduced glutamate uptake from neuronal synapses likely leads to the accumulation of glutamate in the extracellular spaces. Astrocytes express the glutamate transporters responsible for majority of the glutamate uptake from the synapse, as well as for vesicular glutamate release. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocyte-mediated excitotoxicity in the context of METH and HIV-1 are undefined. Topics reviewed include dysregulation of the glutamate transporters, specifically excitatory amino acid transporter-2, metabotropic glutamate receptor(s) expression and the release of glutamate by vesicular exocytosis. We also discuss glutamate concentration dysregulation through astrocytic expression of enzymes for glutamate synthesis and metabolism. Lastly, we discuss recent evidence of various astrocyte and neuron crosstalk mechanisms implicated in glutamate regulation. Astrocytes play an essential role in the neuropathologies associated with METH/HIV-1-induced excitotoxicity. We hope to shed light on common cellular and molecular pathways astrocytes share in glutamate regulation during drug abuse and HIV-1 infection.
Characterization of the Mouse and Rat Relaxin Receptors (2005)

Rodent models have been used for many years to probe the actions of relaxin. Identification of the orthologs of human leucine-rich repeat-containing g-protein-coupled receptor 7 (LGR7), the relaxin receptor, in mouse and rat will enable characterization of the response of LGR7 to relaxin in these species. Partial LGR7 homologous sequences from mouse and rat were discovered in the Celera and NCBI gene databases, amplified, cloned, and sequenced. At the protein level, mouse and rat LGR7 are 85.2% and 85.7% identical to human LGR7. Mouse and rat LGR7 were able to bind to and be activated by relaxin ligands.
Polymeric waveguide polarization splitter with a buried birefringent polymer (1999)

A waveguide polarization splitter is demonstrated based on a low-loss polymer waveguide and a birefringent polyimide. Crosslinkable fluorinated polymers with an excellent stability and a low absorption loss are utilized for the device. The polyimide is buried under one branch of the Y-branch waveguide to enhance the birefringence between the TE and TM modes. By the adiabatic mode evolution, the TE mode is coupled to the branch with the polyimide strip, while the TM mode propagates through the other branch without the polyimide. For the device with a branch angle of 1/400 rad, we obtained a crosstalk less than -20 dB and a fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 3.8 dB.