gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibodies in Diagnostic Applications (2004)

Immunoassays, or assays that are using antibodies as the specific binding reagents, have become one of the most common methodologies in diagnostic laboratories. In this paper we review different configurations of immunoassays as applied to a variety of analytes and sensitivity limits, along with common detection techniques and strategies. Progress in developing of ultra high affinity antibodies as a direction to improved immunoassays is also reviewed. Finally, we specifically concentrate on determination of antibody binding constants and performing immunoassays at the single molecule level using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS). This technique has become a powerful tool in molecular binding characterizations and assay development, and possibly will grow into a quantitative analytical method suitable for diagnostic tests.
Concepts for Future Nuclear Rocket Propulsion (1958)

The fundamentals, problems, and potentialities of rocket propulsion systems powered by nuclear reactors are presented. (W.L.H.)
Comparison of the Broth Microdilution (BMD) Method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing with the 24-Hour CLSI BMD Method for Testing Susceptibility of Candida Species to Fluconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole by Use of Epidemiological Cutoff Values (2011)

The antifungal broth microdilution (BMD) method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) was compared with CLSI BMD method M27-A3 for fluconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole susceptibility testing of 1,056 isolates of Candida. The isolates were obtained in 2009 from more than 60 centers worldwide and included 560 isolates of C. albicans, 175 of C. glabrata, 162 of C. parapsilosis, 124 of C. tropicalis, and 35 of C. krusei. The overall essential agreement (EA) between EUCAST and CLSI results ranged from 96.9% (voriconazole) to 98.6% (fluconazole). The categorical agreement (CA) between methods and species of Candida was assessed using previously determined epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs). The ECVs (expressed as μg/ml) for fluconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, respectively, were as follows: 0.12, 0.06, and 0.03 for C. albicans; 32, 2, and 0.5 for C. glabrata; 2, 0.25, and 0.12 for C. parapsilosis; 2, 0.12, and 0.06 for C. tropicalis; 64, 0.5, and 0.5 for C. krusei. Excellent CA was observed for all comparisons between the EUCAST and CLSI results for fluconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole, respectively, for each species: 98.9%, 93.6%, and 98.6% for C. albicans; 96.0%, 98.9%, and 93.7% for C. glabrata; 90.8%, 98.1%, and 98.1% for C. parapsilosis; 99.2%, 99.2%, and 96.8% for C. tropicalis; 97.1%, 97.1%, and 97.1% for C. krusei. We demonstrate high levels of EA and CA between the CLSI and EUCAST BMD methods for testing of triazoles against Candida when the MICs were determined after 24 h and ECVs were used to differentiate wild-type (WT) from non-WT strains. These results provide additional data in favor of the harmonization of these two methods.
Cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the genes encoding coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of Citrobacter freundii (1996)

The genes encoding coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of Citrobacter freundii were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The B12-free enzyme was purified to homogeneity. It consists of three types of subunits whose N-terminal sequences are in accordance with those deduced from the open reading frames dhaB, dhaC, and dhaE, coding for subunits of 60,433 (alpha), 21,487 (beta), and 16,121 (gamma) Da, respectively. The enzyme complex has the composition alpha2beta2gamma2. Amino acid alignments with the subunits of the recently sequenced diol dehydratase of Klebsiella oxytoca (T. Tobimatsu, T. Hara, M. Sakaguchi, Y. Kishimoto, Y. Wada, M. Isoda, T. Sakai, and T. Toraya, J. Biol. Chem. 270:7142-7148, 1995) revealed identities between 51.8 and 70.9%.
Control of gene conversion and somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer sequences (2006)

It is thought that gene conversion (GCV) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes occur in two steps: the generation of uracils in DNA by activation-induced cytidine deaminase, followed by their subsequent repair by various DNA repair pathways to generate sequence-diversified products. It is not known how either of the two steps is targeted specifically to Ig loci. Because of the tight link between transcription and SHM, we have investigated the role of endogenous Ig light chain (IgL) transcriptional control elements in GCV/SHM in the chicken B cell line DT40. Promoter substitution experiments led to identification of a strong RNA polymerase II promoter incapable of supporting efficient GCV/SHM. This surprising finding indicates that high levels of transcription are not sufficient for robust GCV/SHM in Ig loci. Deletion of the IgL enhancer in a context in which high-level transcription was not compromised showed that the enhancer is not necessary for GCV/SHM. Our results indicate that cis-acting elements are important for Ig gene diversification, and we propose that targeting specificity is achieved through the combined action of several Ig locus elements that include the promoter.
Expression of p53 and Prognosis in Children with Malignant Gliomas (2002)

Overexpression of p53 in malignant gliomas during childhood is strongly associated with an adverse outcome, independently of clinical prognostic factors and histologic findings.
Survival and Failure Outcomes in Primary Thyroid Lymphomas: A Single Centre Experience of Combined Modality Approach (2013)

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy and represents 2%-5% of all thyroid malignancies and 1%-2.5% of all malignant lymphomas. We present our institute's experience in combined modality management of 16 successive patients of PTL treated from 2005 to 2010. The median age of the patients was 56.0 years. Five patients were males, and 11 patients were females. An enlarging thyroid mass was the most common presenting symptom. 14 patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and 2 patients had follicular lymphoma. The most common stage of presentation was stage II comprising 6 (37.5%) patients. All patients received CCT, and only 12 patients received involved field RT with a median dose of 36.0 Gy. 10 patients (62.5%) had CR, and 6 patients (27.5%) had PR. Eight patients had disease progression in subsequent followup and this included the initial 6 patients with PR. The 5-year DFS was 40.0%, and median DFS was 47 months. The 5-year OS was 41.0%, and median OS was 51 months. Most common presentation in our series was locally advanced tumors. Most of these patients require combined modality management. Risk-adapted and multimodality approach is the need of the hour to achieve good control rates while minimizing treatment related toxicity.
Influence of Selection for Increased Body Weight on the Incidence of Leiomyomas and Leiomyosarcomas in Japanese Quail (1989)

Leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas were observed in adult laying hens from lines of Japanese quail selected solely (HW) or partly (HW-HP; HW-LP) for increased 4-wk BW and the corresponding randombred control (R1). No neoplasms were observed in a line (LW) selected for decreased 4-wk BW based on observations in one generation. Line R1 served as the base population for Lines HW and LW and was maintained without conscious selection for any trait, Lines HW-HP and HW-LP were sublines of Line HW in which the males were selected for increased 4-wk BW and the females were selected for high or low levels of plasma total phosphorus, respectively. Hens of all lines were necropsied after completing a 120-day production period. A high incidence of neoplasms were found in the dorsal and ventral ligaments of the oviduct in the immediate vicinity of the magnum, and the incidence was much greater in the lines selected for increased growth than in Line R1. These results suggest that selection for increased BW in Lines HW, HW-HP, and HW-LP has resulted in genetic changes that are conducive to neoplastic growth. Based on the results of one generation, it appears that selection for decreased 4-wk BW reduced incidence of neoplasms.
Immunomodulatory Effects ofLactobacillus salivariusLS01 andBifidobacterium breveBR03, Alone and in Combination, on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Allergic Asthmatics (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 alone and in combination and their immunomodulatory activity in asthmatic subjects. Subjects affected by allergic asthma were recruited. Initially, LS01 and BR03 were analyzed for their growth compatibility by a broth compatibility assay. To study the antimicrobial activity of probiotic strains, an agar diffusion assay was performed. Finally, cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with LS01 and BR03 was determined by means of specific quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The growth of some clinical pathogens were slightly inhibited by LS01 and LS01-BR03 co-culture supernatant not neutralized to pH 6.5, while only the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was inhibited by the supernatant of LS01 and LS01-BR03 neutralized to pH 6.5. Furthermore, LS01 and BR03 combination was able to decrease the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by PBMCs, leading to an intense increase in IL-10 production. L. salivarius LS01 and B. breve BR03 showed promising probiotic properties and beneficial immunomodulatory activity that are increased when the 2 strains are used in combination in the same formulation.
(Invited) Si, SiGe, Ge, and III-V Semiconductor Nanomembranes and Nanowires Enabled by SiGe Epitaxy (2010)

SiGe epitaxy in conjuction with selective etching lends itself as an excellent method for manufacturing of nanomembranes and nanowires for a variety of semiconductor materials and nano-geometries. Early device application of this technique has been demonstrated for the device architecture of Silicon-On-Nothing (SON) MOSFET and localized SON MOSFET allowing accommodation of a SOI-type MOSFET on a bulk Si wafer. In the meantime, this approach has been successfully extended to multichannel and multi-nanowire devices. Together with the availability of thin Ge layers (e.g. by virtue of Ge condensation), SiGe epitaxy opens up the possibility of a heterogenous co-integration of high efficiency III-V multijunction solar cells, III-V complementary logic, thermovoltaic device structures, lasers, modulators and detectors with Si-based electronics collocated on the same Si substrate. SiGeC epitaxial layers offer an additional engineering window for lattice mismatch and stress control, as well for achieving desirable selectivities of the required selective etches. Furthermore, the nanomembranes and nanowires made available by SiGe epitaxy and selective etches on ubiquitous Si substrates are excellent vehicles for exploration of the differences between the material properties of 3D (bulk)) and 2D (nanomembranes) and 1D (nanowire) systems.
Active-speaker detection and localization with microphones and cameras embedded into a robotic head (2013)

In this paper we present a method for detecting and localizing an active speaker, i.e., a speaker that emits a sound, through the fusion between visual reconstruction with a stereoscopic camera pair and sound-source localization with several microphones. Both the cameras and the microphones are embedded into the head of a humanoid robot. The proposed statistical fusion model associates 3D faces of potential speakers with 2D sound directions. The paper has two contributions: (i) a method that discretizes the two-dimensional space of all possible sound directions and that accumulates evidence for each direction by estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) over all the microphone pairs, such that all the microphones are used simultaneously and symmetrically and (ii) an audio-visual alignment method that maps 3D visual features onto 2D sound directions and onto TDOAs between microphone pairs. This allows to implicitly represent both sensing modalities into a common audiovisual coordinate frame. Using simulated as well as real data, we quantitatively assess the robustness of the method against noise and reverberations, and we compare it with several other methods. Finally, we describe a real-time implementation using the proposed technique and with a humanoid head embedding four microphones and two cameras: this enables natural human-robot interactive behavior.
Hox11 paralogous genes are essential for metanephric kidney induction (2002)

The mammalian Hox complex is divided into four linkage groups containing 13 sets of paralogous genes. These paralogous genes have retained functional redundancy during evolution. For this reason, loss of only one or two Hox genes within a paralogous group often results in incompletely penetrant phenotypes which are difficult to interpret by molecular analysis. For example, mice individually mutant for Hoxa11 or Hoxd11 show no discernible kidney abnormalities. Hoxa11/Hoxd11 double mutants, however, demonstrate hypoplasia of the kidneys. As described in this study, removal of the last Hox11 paralogous member, Hoxc11, results in the complete loss of metanephric kidney induction. In these triple mutants, the metanephric blastema condenses, and expression of early patterning genes, Pax2 and Wt1, is unperturbed. Eya1 expression is also intact. Six2 expression, however, is absent, as is expression of the inducing growth factor, Gdnf. In the absence of Gdnf, ureteric bud formation is not initiated. Molecular analysis of this phenotype demonstrates that Hox11 control of early metanephric induction is accomplished by the interaction of Hox11 genes with the pax-eya-six regulatory cascade, a pathway that may be used by Hox genes more generally for the induction of multiple structures along the anteroposterior axis.
Enhancement of skin permeation of flurbiprofen via its transdermal patches using isopulegol decanoate (ISO-C10) as an absorption enhancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation (2015)

ISO-C10 would be a promising permeation enhancer for improving the in-vitro and in-vivo delivery of flurbiprofen from its transdermal patches.
Synthesis and Properties of Functionalized Polybenzimidazoles for High-Temperature PEMFCs (2009)

Polybenzimidazole (PBI) derivatives having dihydroxy functional groups (poly(2,2′-(dihydroxy-1,4-phenylene)5,5′-bibenzimidazole), 2OH-PBI) were successfully synthesized in poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA). The 2OH-PBI polymer underwent cross-linking reactions during the polymerization in poly(phosphoric acid) via the formation of phosphate bridges between the hydroxy groups of the polymer backbone. Gelation of the polymer solution during the polymerization was avoided by conducting the polymerization at relatively low monomer concentrations. The 2OH-PBI membranes showed higher proton conductivity compared to the unfunctionalized analogue, poly(2,2′-(1,4-phenylene)5,5′-bibenzimidazole) (para-PBI) membranes. Carefully controlled experiments were conducted to analyze separately the effects of both phosphoric acid doping level and polymer structure on the proton conductivity. Both polymer structure and phosphoric acid doping level were important determinants of membrane proton conductivity. The fuel cell performance of 2OH-PBI membranes was evaluated in membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) using standard platinum (Pt) on carbon-based electrodes and Pt alloy on carbon-based cathode electrodes. The higher proton conductivity of the 2OH-PBI membranes did not result in increases in fuel cell performance when tested on Pt electrodes. However, Pt alloy cathode catalysts resulted in an increase in fuel cell performance. The fuel cell performance of 2OH-PBI membranes with Pt alloy cathode catalyst was 0.69 V at 0.2 A/cm2 and 0.49 A/cm2 at 0.6 V at 180 °C under H2/air operation and ambient pressure.
Ontology-enabled pervasive computing applications (2003)

Information technology's rapid evolution has made tremendous amounts of information and services available at our fingertips. However, we still face the frustration of trying to do simple things in the device- and application-rich environments where we live and work. Task computing is defined as computation to fill the gap between the tasks that users want to perform and the services that constitute available actionable functionality. To support task computing, we have implemented a Task Computing Environment including client environment, service discovery mechanism, and Semantic Web services and tools. TCE is composed of several components including STEER (Semantic Task Execution EditoR), White Hole, and PIPE (Pervasive Instance Provision Environment).
Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against non-Hodgkin lymphomas (2004)

Despite the rapid and widespread integration of chimeric CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab, into the management of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its efficacy remains variable and often modest when used as a single agent. To develop more potent reagents, human immunoglobulin transgenic mice were used to generate a panel of immunoglobulin G1kappa (IgG1kappa) CD20 mAbs. All reagents bound strongly to CD20(+) cells and recruited mononuclear cells for the lysis of malignant B cells. However, 2 mAbs, 2F2 and 7D8, were exceptionally active in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), being able to lyse a range of rituximab-resistant targets, such as CD20-low chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), in the presence of human plasma or unfractionated blood. Further analysis showed that 2F2 and 7D8, like rituximab, redistributed CD20 into Triton X-100-insoluble regions of the plasma membrane, but that they had markedly slower off-rates. To determine whether off-rate influenced CDC, a non-complement activating F(ab')(2) antihuman kappa reagent was used. This reagent markedly slowed the off-rate of rituximab and increased its CDC activity to that of 2F2 and 7D8. Thus, with increasing evidence that mAb therapeutic activity in vivo depends on complement activation, these new CD20 reagents with their slow off-rates and increased potency in CDC hold considerable promise for improved clinical activity.
New palladium complexes of cis-fixed bidentate nitrogen ligands as catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew palladium complexes of cis-fixed bidentate nitrogen ligands as catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formationRob Van Asselt and Cornelis J. ElsevierCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 6, 1999–2001Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00042a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00042a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monitoring expertise development during simulated UAV piloting tasks using optical brain imaging (2012)

An accurate assessment of mental workload and expertise level would help improve operational safety and efficacy of human computer interaction for aerospace applications. The current study utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) to investigate the relationship of the hemodynamic response in the anterior prefrontal cortex to changes in mental workload, level of expertise, and task performance during learning of simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) piloting tasks. Results indicated that fNIR measures are correlated to task performance and subjective self-reported measures; and contained additional information that allowed categorizing learning phases. Level of expertise does appear to influence the hemodynamic response in the dorsolateral/ventrolateral prefrontal cortices. Since fNIR allows development of portable and wearable instruments, it has the potential to be deployed in future learning environments to personalize the training regimen and/or assess the effort of human operators in critical multitasking settings.
Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Problem and Applicability Statement (2009)

Current Ethernet (802.1) link layers use spanning tree protocols that
have a number of challenges. These protocols need to strictly avoid
loops, even temporary ones, during route propagation, because of the
lack of header loop detection support. Routing tends not to take full
advantage of alternate paths, or even non-overlapping pairwise paths
(in the case of spanning trees). This document addresses these
concerns and suggests that they can be addressed by applying modern
network layer routing protocols at the link layer. This document
assumes that solutions would not address issues of scalability beyond
that of existing bridged (802.1) links, but that a solution would be
backward compatible with 802.1, including hubs, bridges, and their
existing plug-and-play capabilities.
Beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in vitamin K-dependent proteins. (1983)

A method for the quantitation of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in proteins is described. After hydrolysis in 6 M HCl, the beta-hydroxyaspartic acid released is quantitated on an automatic amino acid analyzer employing a pH 2.0 eluting buffer and postcolumn reaction with o-phthalaldehyde for detection. The sensitivity is about 0.01 nmol. Among vitamin K-dependent proteins, factor IX, factor X, protein C, and protein Z each contain about one residue of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid whereas protein S contains two or three residues. Prothrombin lacks beta-hydroxyaspartic acid as do a number of non-vitamin K-dependent proteins also analyzed.
Serine protease inhibitors serpina1 and serpina3 are down-regulated in bone marrow during hematopoietic progenitor mobilization (2005)

Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells into the blood involves a massive release of neutrophil serine proteases in the bone marrow. We hypothesize that the activity of these neutrophil serine proteases is regulated by the expression of naturally occurring inhibitors (serpina1 and serpina3) produced locally within the bone marrow. We found that serpina1 and serpina3 were transcribed in the bone marrow by many different hematopoietic cell populations and that a strong reduction in expression occurred both at the protein and mRNA levels during mobilization induced by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or chemotherapy. This decreased expression was restricted to the bone marrow as serpina1 expression was maintained in the liver, leading to no change in plasma concentrations during mobilization. The down-regulation of serpina1 and serpina3 during mobilization may contribute to a shift in the balance between serine proteases and their inhibitors, and an accumulation of active neutrophil serine proteases in bone marrow extravascular fluids that cleave and inactivate molecules essential to the retention of hematopoietic progenitor cells within the bone marrow. These data suggest an unexpected role for serpina1 and serpina3 in regulating the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment as well as influencing the migratory behavior of hematopoietic precursors.