gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mac-2-binding glycoproteins. Putative ligands for a cytosolic beta-galactoside lectin. (1991)

Mac-2, a galactose-binding lectin secretion by activated macrophages, is the major non-integrin laminin-binding protein in these cells. Mac-2 is also expressed by epithelial cells in the intestine and kidney. We wished to identify intestinal glycoproteins other than laminin that have a high affinity for Mac-2 and that could be considered as candidate ligands or partners for this lectin in intestinal epithelium. Certain lines of human colon adenocarcinoma cells produce two Mac-2-binding glycoproteins (M2BP-1 and M2BP-2) that were identified by their avid association with Mac-2 following detergent lysis and immunoprecipitation. These glycoproteins do not share a common epitope with Mac-2, and the interaction between Mac-2 and these proteins is mediated through the carbohydrate-binding domain of Mac-2 and sugar moieties on M2BP-1 and M2BP-2. M2BP-1 (98 kDa) and M2BP-2 (70 kDa) were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and were specifically eluted with either galactose or lactose. Peptide maps revealed that M2BP-1 and M2BP-2 are structurally related. M2BP-1 is secreted and could conceivably associate with Mac-2 extracellularly. N-terminal sequence analysis of M2BP-2 suggests that these glycoproteins represent a unique subset of candidate ligands for this mammalian beta-galactoside lectin.
A versatile communication module for controlling RNA folding and catalysis (2002)

To exert control over RNA folding and catalysis, both molecular engineering strategies and in vitro selection techniques have been applied toward the development of allosteric ribozymes whose activities are regulated by the binding of specific effector molecules or ligands. We now describe the isolation and characterization of a new and considerably versatile RNA element that functions as a communication module to render disparate RNA folding domains interdependent. In contrast to some existing communication modules, the novel 9-nt RNA element is demonstrated to function similarly between a variety of catalysts that include the hepatitis delta virus, hammerhead, X motif and Tetrahymena group I ribozymes, and various ligand-binding domains. The data support a mechanistic model of RNA folding in which the element is comprised of both canonical and non-canonical base pairs and an unpaired nucleotide in the active, effector-bound conformation. Aside from enabling effector-controlled RNA function through rational design, the element can be utilized to identify sites in large RNAs that are susceptible to effector regulation.
Micro sequential injection: fermentation monitoring of ammonia, glycerol, glucose, and free iron using the novel lab-on-valve system (2001)

Using an integrated lab-on-valve manifold in a microfluidic sequential injection format (microSI), automated sample processing has been developed for off-line and on-line monitoring of small-scale fermentations. Spectrophotometric assays of ammonia, glucose, glycerol, and free iron were downscaled to use micro-quantities of commercial reagents. By monitoring the reaction rate, the response curves in a stopped-flow mode generate linear calibration curves for ammonia [r2 = 1.000 (0.9% SE)], glycerol [r2 = 0.999 (1.1% SE)], glucose [r2 = 0.999 (1.1% SE)], and free iron [r2 = 0.999 (1.5% SE)]. Since sample dilution and reagent quantities are easily adjusted within the programmable SI format, the lab-on-valve system can accommodate samples over a wide concentration range (ammonia: 3-1200 ppm; glycerol: 20-120 ppm; glucose: 35-1000 ppm; and free iron: 80-400 ppm). This work demonstrates the key advantages of miniaturization through the reduction of sample and reagent use, minimizing waste and providing a compact yet reliable instrument. The lab-on-valve manifold uses a universal hardware configuration for all analyses, only requiring changes in software protocol and choice of reagents. All of these features are of particular importance to small-scale experimental fermentation where multiple analyte analyses are needed in real-time using small sample volumes. It is hoped that this first real-life application of the lab-on-valve manifold will serve not only as a model system to downscale assays in a practical fashion, but will also inspire and promote the use of the integrated microSI manifold approach for a wider range of biotechnological applications.
Feature correspondence by interleaving shape and texture computations (1996)

The correspondence problem in computer vision is basically a matching task between two or more sets of features. We introduce a vectorized image representation, which is a feature-based representation where correspondence has been established with respect to a reference image. The representation consists of two image measurements made at the feature points: shape and texture. Feature geometry, or shape, is represented using the (x,y) locations of features relative to the some standard reference shape. Image grey levels, or texture, are represented by mapping image grey levels onto the standard reference shape. Computing this representation is essentially a correspondence task and in this paper we explore on automatic technique for "vectorizing" face images. Our face vectorizer alternates back and forth between computation steps for shape and texture, and a key idea is to structure the two computations so that each one uses the output of the other. In addition to describing the vectorizer, an application to the problem of facial feature detection is presented.
Mutual Authentication, Confidentiality, and Key MANagement (MACKMAN) system for mobile computing and wireless communication (2002)

In any distributed networked environment, security systems for network access and communication are necessary to allow legitimate hosts on the network to access the network services while denying non-registered hosts. Ideally, such systems should ensure both confidentiality and integrity of messages exchanged over the network. We discuss the deficiencies with the registration and authentication services provided by Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), and IS-41. Next, we present the design of the Mutual Authentication, Confidentiality, and Key MANagement (MACKMAN) system to provide a more secure registration and authentication service for mobile computing and wireless communication. The capabilities provided by MACKMAN include registration of legitimate hosts with the network, mutual authentication, and data confidentiality and integrity in a mobile and wireless environment. Data confidentiality and integrity are provided by using the public key Elliptic Curve RSA (ECRSA) cryptosystem in conjunction with a hierarchy of certification authorities for key distribution and management.
Hydrodynamic delivery of DNA (2003)

Hydrodynamic delivery is an efficient and inexpensive procedure to deliver a wide range of nucleic acids to hepatic tissues and other organs in vivo. The successful application of hydrodynamic delivery is dependent on the rapid injection of a large aqueous volume containing DNA, RNA or other molecules into the vasculature of the liver. In this review, the development of the procedures for hydrodynamic delivery will be described and the parameters necessary for attaining maximal gene expression will be highlighted. A review of the mechanisms for transfecting hepatocytes, as well as potential uses of this approach in various research and clinical applications, will also be discussed.
Genetic and Biochemical Studies of Nonenzymatic Endosperm Proteins (1987)

The endosperm of common wheat contains a great number of nonenzymatic storage proteins that are the components of gluten, one of the most intricate naturally occurring protein complexes. Where wheat is marketed as pure cultivars, cultivar identification may be necessary to determine or assure quality. It also may be desirable to identify genotypes used in breeding programs. Wheat cultivar identification by electrophoresis of glutenin is less common than by electrophoresis of gliadin. To a large degree, the functional and nutritional qualities of wheat are related to its proteins. Since all protein fractions are extremely heterogeneous, high-resolution techniques such as electrophoresis may yield much qualitative and quantitative information, and it is likely that such data may be related to quality. Several techniques, including electrophoresis, chromatography, im-munochemistry, and sequence analysis of endosperm proteins, can be used to better understand the biology, biochemistry, and genetics of wheat.
Physiological effects of work stress and pesticide exposure in tree planting by British Columbia silviculture workers (1993)

Tree planters in British Columbia have reported symptoms that are congruent with musculoskeletal stress and organophosphate or carbamate pesticide intoxication. The purpose of this research was to determine the existence of any physiological or biochemical correlate supporting the existence of these potential hazards in tree planting. Worker's health complaints were assessed from regularly distributed questionnaires. Blood samples were obtained from 14 male and three female Canadian subjects before and after tree planting work on 10 occasions throughout a tree planting season. The strenuous physical challenge of tree planting was confirmed by a significant elevation of serum enzyme activity (ESEA) at the beginning of the season, which did not return to a normal level during the remainder of the season. Significant (p < or = 0.05) inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) postwork was observed in 15.9% of individuals, and a significant group mean prework-postwork difference of AChE or plasma pseudocholinesterase (PChE) was observed on two days of testing, indicating a potential toxicological hazard from pesticide absorption. No correlation was found between the degree of ESEA or cholinesterase inhibition and the number of health complaints.
Curd Tension of Milk and its Relationship to Firmness of Curd in Cheesemaking (1936)

Summary In experiments on over 300 samples of milk the following observations were made: The Hill curd test was found not satisfactory for determining the firmness of curd in milk to be used for making cheese. The rennet curd tension as measured by means of the Hill Curd-O-Meter was entirely suitable for this purpose, and the determination of rennet coagulation time was fairly satisfactory. The pH values of milks bore a very definite relation to the rennet coagulation time and to the rennet curd tension, and bore a less definite relation to the Hill curd tension. The pH seemed to be a major factor in influencing the rennet coagulation time, while the percentage of casein was found to be more important in influencing the rennet curd tension. Milks stable to rennet were usually stable to alcohol. Stability to both rennet and alcohol was increased when milk was stored at 2° to 52° C. for from a few hours to several days. Stability to both rennet and alcohol was decreased by the addition of CaCl 2 . Homogenization markedly decreased the rennet curd tension of whole milk but did not change that of skimmilk; this process did not change the rennet coagulation time of either whole or skimmilk. Removal of milk fat by separation increased the rennet curd tension and caused a slight increase rather than a decrease in the rennet coagulation time. These observations lead'to the conclusion that the curd-softening effect of homogenization is due principally to an increase in the dispersion of the fat, the dispersed fat acting as a physical hindrance to the aggregation of the casein molecules and micellae. Pasteurization caused a noticeable softening of milk curd and caused a slight increase in rennet coagulation time. The presence of mastitis caused an increase in pH, an increase in rennet coagulation time, and a decrease in rennet curd tension.
A 5‐Year Safety and Efficacy Evaluation with Fibrel in the Correction of Cutaneous Scars Following One or Two Treatments (1991)

In a multicenter clinical trial 300 patients were treated with Fibrel, 4 weeks following a negative skin test, for the correction of cutaneous scars. Fibrel treatment was restricted to one or two implants in a maximum of four scars. The scar corrections were evaluated by the physician, the patient, and also via an objective photogrammetric method. At the end of 1 year the percentage of scars with moderate, marked, or complete correction were 65, 63.3, and 85.8% according to physician, patient, and photogrammetric evaluations, respectively. A cohort of 111 patients were followed for up to 2 years and 87 patients were followed up to 5 years postimplantation. The physician and patient evaluations showed 55.1 and 50.6%, respectively, of the scars in the moderate, marked, or complete correction category at the end of 5 years with only one or two treatments. Safety evaluations included tests for antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and presence of antibodies to Fibrel and their crossreactivity to human collagen I and III. These tests did not show any causal relationship to Fibrel treatments and the patients did not have any untoward immunologic symptoms. The data from these patients demonstrate that one or two Fibrel treatments are effective in maintaining greater than 50% correction of depressed cutaneous scars up to 5 years with negligible adverse sequelae and no untoward immunologic symptoms.
Pollen—pistil interactions during pollen-tube growth (1996)

Plant sexual reproduction relies on intimate interactions between the pollen and the pistil. These largely extracellular interactions lead to cellular activities within the pollen, enabling the transport of the male gametes by the pollen-tube growth process to the ovules for fertilization. Recent analyses of pollen surface molecules and extracellular matrix molecules along the pollen-tube growth pathway have produced insights into the molecular and biochemical bases of some of these interactions. These studies, together with the genetic analysis of sexual reproduction, are elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying pollination and fertilization.
Towards standardisation of cell-free DNA measurement in plasma: controls for extraction efficiency, fragment size bias and quantification (2014)

Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is becoming an important clinical analyte for prenatal testing, cancer diagnosis and cancer monitoring. The extraction stage is critical in ensuring clinical sensitivity of analytical methods measuring minority nucleic acid fractions, such as foetal-derived sequences in predominantly maternal cfDNA. Consequently, quality controls are required for measurement of extraction efficiency, fragment size bias and yield for validation of cfDNA methods. We evaluated the utility of an external DNA spike for monitoring these parameters in a study comparing three specific cfDNA extraction methods [QIAamp circulating nucleic acid (CNA) kit, NucleoSpin Plasma XS (NS) kit and FitAmp plasma/serum DNA isolation (FA) kit] with the commonly used QIAamp DNA blood mini (DBM) kit. We found that the extraction efficiencies of the kits ranked in the order CNA kit > DBM kit > NS kit > FA kit, and the CNA and NS kits gave a better representation of smaller DNA fragments in the extract than the DBM kit. We investigated means of improved reporting of cfDNA yield by comparing quantitative PCR measurements of seven different reference gene assays in plasma samples and validating these with digital PCR. We noted that the cfDNA quantities based on measurement of some target genes (e.g. TERT) were, on average, more than twofold higher than those of other assays (e.g. ERV3). We conclude that analysis and averaging of multiple reference genes using a GeNorm approach gives a more reliable estimate of total cfDNA quantity.
Enhancement of coherent charge oscillations in coupled quantum wells by femtosecond pulse shaping (1994)

The effect of femtosecond pulse shaping on the amplitude of optically excited coherent charge oscillations in degenerate coupled quantum wells is analyzed. In the absence of dephasing, the final oscillating polarization after the end of the shaped pulse depends only on the optical power spectrum; pulse shaping cannot enhance the final coherent polarization. However, appropriately shaped ultrashort pulses can lead to strong peaks in the oscillating dipole during the laser pulse. I present a method for designing waveforms capable of producing strong peaks in the coherent polarization and illustrate this approach by giving several examples. The computed results indicate the possibility of enhancing the peak oscillating dipole (and hence the resulting terahertz emission) by at least a factor of 4.
PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression in NSCLC Indicate a Favorable Prognosis in Defined Subgroups (2015)

One major finding of our study is the identification of a prognostic implication of PD-L1 in subsets of NSCLC patients with pulmonary SCC, with increased tumor size, with a positive lymph node status and NSCLC patients who received adjuvant therapies. This study provides first data for immune-context related risk stratification of NSCLC patients. Further studies are necessary both to confirm this observation and to evaluate the predictive value of PD-1 and PD-L1 in NSCLC in the context of PD-1 inhibition.
Further analysis of nucleic acids in purified scrapie prion preparations by improved return refocusing gel electrophoresis (1992)

Although increasingly unlikely, the possibility of a scrapie-specific nucleic acid carried by infectious prion particles is still unresolved. Return refocusing gel electrophoresis was developed to detect homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleic acids extracted from highly purified scrapie prion preparations. This method was improved with respect to the size range from 13 to 1100 nucleotides (nt) over which analyses could be performed. The yield of nucleic acid, particularly of small DNA oligonucleotides and polyadenylated RNA, was determined after deproteinization and two-phase extraction. Despite extensive nuclease digestions some small polynucleotides remained. Although a scrapie-specific nucleic acid cannot be excluded, the results further define the possible characteristics of a hypothetical molecule. If homogeneous in size, such a molecule would be &lt;80 nt in length at a particle-to-infectivity ratio near unity, if heterogeneous, scrapie-specific nucleic acids would have to include molecules smaller than 240 nt.
Über die Synthese von 2‐Methylmercapto‐1.3.4‐thiodiazinen und deren Umlagerung in Pyrazolderivate (1959)

Abstract Die Darstellung von 2‐Methylmercapto‐1.3.4‐thiodiazinen durch Kondensation von Dithiocarbazinsäure‐methylester mit α‐Halogenketoverbindungen in alkalischem Medium wird beschrieben. Die entstehenden 1.3.4‐Thiodiazinderivate sind relativ instabil und erleiden leicht eine Ringverengung zu den entsprechenden 3‐Methylmercapto‐pyrazolen. Hierbei scheidet sich der Ringschwefel z. T. in elementarer Form ab. Diese Ergebnisse sind ein weiterer Beweis dafür, daß die Pyrazolbildung aus Thiohydraziden und α‐Halogenketoverbindungen über die Stufe der 1.3.4‐Thiodiazine verläuft.
High Connectivity Between Reduced Cortical Thickness and Disrupted White Matter Tracts in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

The direct relationship between white and gray matter structural pathology has not been previously demonstrated in subjects with long-standing type 1 diabetes. The relationship between posterior white matter microstructural integrity disruption and lower cortical thickness demonstrated using a novel DTI connectivity technique suggests a common or interrelated pathophysiological mechanism in type 1 diabetes.
Delayed Hypersensitivity and Granulomatous Response After Immunization with Protein Antigens Associated with a Mycobacterial Glycolipid and Oil Droplets (1976)

Abstract A mycobacterial glycolipid (P3) mixed with protein antigens in oil-in-water emulsion induced lasting delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and granulomatous inflammation after intradermal injection into guinea pigs. This did not occur when P3 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were given in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The oil-in-water emulsions consisted of microscopic oil droplets suspended in aqueous medium. By separating oil and aqueous phases from BSA + P3 emulsion it was shown that antigen retained with oil droplets led to DH and granuloma formation. The association of antigen with oil droplets was P3 dependent and was quantitated with 125I-labeled BSA. The same phenomenon occurred with 125I-labeled rabbit γ-globulin (RGG) + P3 emulsion. Fluorescein-conjugated RGG was observed in a particulate state within or on oil droplets in emulsion containing P3. These physical characteristics of antigen + P3 emulsion appeared to be important for immunogenicity.
The i486 CPU: executing instructions in one clock cycle (1990)

The author discusses the design goals of the i486 development program, which were to ensure binary compatibility with the 386 microprocessor and the 387 math coprocessor, increase performance by two to three times over a 386/387 processor system at the same clock rate, and extend the IBM PC standard architecture of the 386 CPU with features suitable for minicomputers. A cache integrated into the instruction pipeline lets this 386-compatible processor achieve minicomputer performance levels. The design and performance of the on-chip cache and the instruction pipeline are examined in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reactivity of a mouse/human chimeric anti-GM2 antibody KM966 with brain tumors. (1995)

With the aim of investigating the passive immunotherapy of brain tumors, we examined the binding of a mouse/human chimeric anti-ganglioside GM2 antibody KM966 to various organs and brain tumors. Frozen sections of 51 surgically resected brain tumors were stained with antibody KM966. Fourteen gliomas out of 16 were stained positively with antibody KM966. Eleven positive sections demonstrated homogenous staining. No specific binding to normal gray matter and white matter was observed. Some cases of meningiomas, neurinomas and metastatic brain tumors were stained with KM966 but with less frequency and intensity than gliomas. In addition, KM966 demonstrated strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human malignant glioma cells. These results showed that antibody KM966 will be useful for passive immunotherapy of malignant gliomas.