gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Similar Evolution of Parabolic Pulses in a Laser (2004)

Self-similar propagation of ultrashort, parabolic pulses in a laser resonator is observed theoretically and experimentally. This constitutes a new type of pulse shaping in mode-locked lasers: in contrast to the well-known static (solitonlike) and breathing (dispersion-managed soliton) pulse evolutions, asymptotic solutions to the nonlinear wave equation that governs pulse propagation in most of the laser cavity are observed. Stable self-similar pulses exist with energies much greater than can be tolerated in solitonlike pulse shaping, and this has implications for practical lasers.
A new morphologically characterized cell wall preparation (whole peptidoglycan) from Bifidobacterium infantis with a higher efficacy on the regression of an established tumor in mice. (1985)

Three kinds of morphologically distinct cell wall preparations were isolated from heat-killed Bifidobacterium infantis and examined for the relative antitumor efficacy with syngeneic Meth A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice. Ultrastructural examinations revealed that cell wall skeleton (CWS) did not retain morphologically recognizable cell wall structure but showed fibrous structure. By contrast, a new cell wall preparation, whole peptidoglycan (WPG), which was isolated from whole cells without being subjected to physically destructive methods, completely retained the intact cell wall structure. When WPG was disrupted by sonic treatment, it retained some degree of physical integrity of cell wall structure, as compared with CWS. The results of chemical analysis indicated that the three cell wall preparations had similar chemical properties. A single s.c. injection of either CWS, WPG, or sonicated WPG in a mixture with tumor cells resulted in a significant suppression of the tumor growth. They were of equally high activity. However, when WPG, sonicated WPG, or CWS was injected intralesionally five times into mice bearing 5-day-old tumors, the incidence of complete tumor regression was demonstrated to decrease in the order of 70, 40, and 20%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity test excluded the possibility that the tumor cell destruction was the result of direct cytotoxicity of the cell wall preparations. From these findings, it was concluded that WPG was an active stimulator of host-mediated response at the tumor-growing sites.
Interleukin-2 and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Therapy in Patients with Relapsed B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Rituximab (2007)

To the Editor: In their article, Berdeja et al. (1) conclude that the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity can be augmented by adoptively transferring in vitro generated lymphokine-activated killer cells, which may overcome the resistance to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who are rituximab refractory. We feel that the conclusion is overstated and that it may mislead clinicians into using this regimen as a standard first-line therapy.Briefly, several early clinical investigations about the combination of interleukin-2 with rituximab have been reported (2, 3); however, although the addition of interleukin-2 augmented natural killer cell expansion and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, all these studies failed to confirm that interleukin-2 enhances the clinical efficacy of rituximab in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients because the encouraging response rate observed was comparable to results with single-agent rituximab (4, 5). Furthermore, although antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is an important effector mechanism for in vivo action of rituximab, other multiple complex mechanisms are involved in response and resistance, such as the cellular microenvironment and monocyte Fc receptor polymorphism, which are not affected by interleukin-2 treatment (6).Finally, it should be noted that in patients who achieved a partial remission or a stable disease, it is not possible to determine the relative contributions of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells because these results might simply reflect a response at a much higher given dose of rituximab (375 mg/m2 on 3 consecutive days), which may overcome adverse pharmacokinetic parameters.
Continuous infusion of T101 monoclonal antibody in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (1986)

We report results of 24-h continuous infusions of murine monoclonal antibody T101 in six patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 10 with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), at doses of 10, 50, 100, or 500 mg. Similar side-effects were seen in CLL and CTCL, including direct toxic effects of therapy, such as fever, sweats, and chilling, and a 30% frequency of allergic manifestations. In vivo binding of T101 to target cells in blood, skin, lymph nodes, tumor masses, and bone marrow was demonstrated. Antigenic modulation occurred rapidly in all cases, and persisted throughout the infusion period. Peak serum T101 levels for equivalent doses were somewhat higher, and persisted longer in CTCL, perhaps because of differences in the number of circulating target cells. Antimouse antibodies were demonstrated in 5 of 10 CTCL vs. 0 of 6 CLL patients. In all five cases, there was a substantial component of T101 specificity in the antimouse response. Brief objective clinical responses were observed in 4 of 10 CTCL and 2 of 6 CLL patients. Acute anti-tumor effects of T101 were substantially more dramatic in CTCL than CLL, but appeared limited by antigenic modulation and the emergence of antimouse antibodies. In view of the in vivo binding and modulation, more durable anti-tumor effects may be achievable with cytotoxic immunoconjugates of this monoclonal antibody.
Active-Braid, a Bioinspired Continuum Manipulator (2017)

This letter reports the concept and design of the active-braid, a novel bioinspired continuum manipulator with the ability to contract, extend, and bend in three-dimensional space with varying stiffness. The manipulator utilizes a flexible crossed-link helical array structure as its main supporting body, which is deformed by using two radial actuators and a total of six longitudinal tendons, analogously to the three major types of muscle layers found in muscular hydrostats. The helical array structure ensures that the manipulator behaves similarly to a constant volume structure (expanding while shortening and contracting while elongating). Numerical simulations and experimental prototypes are used in order to evaluate the feasibility of the concept.
Microgranulomatous Aspergillosis in a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Cure with Voriconazole (1998)

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Human Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Their Conditioned Media Exhibit Therapeutic Equivalence for Diabetic Wound Healing (2010)

Transplantation of human cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is reported to contribute to neovascularization in various ischemic diseases. However, the possible beneficial role and underlying mechanisms in diabetes-impaired wound healing have been less well characterized. In this study, EPC transplantation stimulated keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation substantially as early as 3 days after injury, leading to significantly accelerated wound closure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice, compared to PBS control. RT-PCR analysis showed that EPCs secreted various wound healing-related growth factors. Among them, keratinocyte growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were highly expressed in the EPCs and were present at substantial levels in the EPC-injected dermal tissue. Using EPC-conditioned medium (CM), we found that paracrine factors from EPCs directly exerted mitogenic and chemotactic effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Moreover, injection of EPC-CM alone into the same diabetic wound mice promoted wound healing and increased neovascularization to a similar extent as achieved with EPC transplantation. These results indicate that the beneficial effect of EPC transplantation on diabetic wounds was mainly achieved by their direct paracrine action on keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, rather than through their physical engraftment into host tissues (vasculogenesis). In addition, EPC-CM was shown to be therapeutically equivalent to EPCs, at least for the treatment of diabetic dermal wounds, suggesting that conditioned medium may serve as a novel therapeutic option that is free from allograft-associated immune rejection concern.
Cost-effectiveness of Intra-arterial Thrombolytic Therapy (1988)

We reviewed the clinical course of 23 patients who received 24 intra-arterial infusions of either streptokinase or urokinase to treat 14 arteries and ten arterial grafts that were occluded due to primary thrombosis (22) or artery-artery embolism (two). Time from symptom onset to treatment was one to 28 days (mean, 11 days). Five infusions (21%) were completely successful since symptoms were eliminated without subsequent operation. Seven infusions (29%) were partially successful since thrombolysis aided, limited, or postponed subsequent surgery. Six infusions (25%) were failures since thrombolysis or clinical improvement did not occur and surgery was required. Six infusions (25%) were associated with thrombolytic complications that required urgent operation (less severe complications occurred in an additional 17% of cases [4/24]). Of the 19 patients without complete success after thrombolytic therapy, 16 underwent surgery during the same admission, two were not operable due to distal disease, and one declined operation. Of the 16 operations, 15 (94%) were successful in restoring graft or artery patency and achieving limb salvage, whereas one failed. In the 12 patients with failure or major complications of thrombolytic treatment, all had successful surgical outcome without morbidity. The actual mean cost of thrombolytic treatment was $8200 per patient and was comparable with the actual mean cost of subsequent surgical treatment in the 16 patients who required operation ($8900 per patient). The effective cost of thrombolytic and surgical treatment was calculated by dividing the actual costs by the proportion of successful cases. The effective cost of thrombolytic therapy per complete success was $39,200 and per complete or partial success was $16,500. This was significantly more than the effective cost of $9400 per complete success of surgical therapy.
Immunolipoplexes: An Efficient, Nonviral Alternative for Transfection of Human Dendritic Cells with Potential for Clinical Vaccination (2005)

Genetic manipulation of dendritic cells (DCs) is important in the context of using either mature DCs to immunize patients or immature DCs to induce tolerance. Here, we describe a novel method of transfecting monocyte-derived human DCs using immunolipoplexes containing anti-CD71 or anti-CD205 monoclonal Abs. This results in up to 20% transfection, which can be increased to 20-30% if the immunolipoplexes are used to transfect CD14+ monocytes prior to differentiation into DCs. Transfected DCs can be substantially enriched using a drug-selection protocol during differentiation. Unlike adenoviral transduction, this nonviral transfection does not alter the expression of costimulatory molecules or the production of proinflammatory cytokines by DCs. In addition, DC function is unaltered, as assessed by mixed lymphocyte reactions. To test the feasibility of the immunolipoplexes and selection protocol for therapeutic intervention, we transfected DCs with the immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Allogeneic T cells exposed to IDO-expressing DCs did not proliferate, secreted more IL-10 and less Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and had a higher amount of apoptosis than T cells incubated with control DCs. Furthermore the remaining T cells were rendered anergic to further stimulation by allogeneic DC. These immunolipoplexes, which can be easily and rapidly assembled, have potential for clinical immunization, in particular for tolerance induction protocols.
Investigation of 1T DRAM cell with non-overlap structure and recessed channel (2010)

In this paper, a capacitor-less 1T DRAM cell transistor with non-overlap structure and recessed channel is presented. Because of the non-overlap structure between gate and source/drain, GIDL (Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current is efficiently suppressed at hold condition. This results in more than 1 s retention time at 25°C and 100 ms at 85°C.
Cytochromes P450 of the sophorose lipid-producing yeast Candida apicola: heterogeneity and polymerase chain reaction-mediated cloning of two genes. (1996)

Candida apicola belongs to a group of yeasts producing high amounts of surface-active extracellular glycolipids consisting of sophorose and long-chain-omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acids. The involvement of cytochrome P450 in the synthesis of sophorose lipid by the hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids was suggested from a simultaneous increase of cellular P450 content. Hydroxylation studies indicated the existence of multiple P450 forms capable of hydroxylating not only long-chain fatty acids, but also n-alkanes. In this report, two different P450 DNA fragments amplified in a polymerase chain reaction with heterologous primers and chromosomal DNA of Candida apicola were used as homologous probes for the isolation of full-length clones from a genomic library. The open reading frames of both genes encode proteins of 519 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 58,656 and 58,631, respectively, that contain N-terminal membrane anchor sequences and hallmark residues, in common with other eukaryotic P450s. The deduced amino acid sequences of the C. apicola P450 genes are 84.4% identical. They share 34.5 to 44.1% identity with the proteins of the yeast family CYP52 and about 25% identity with fatty acid hydroxylases of higher eukaryotes (family CYP4A) and of Bacillus megaterium (CYP102). Southern hybridization experiments revealed the existence of further P450-related genes in C. apicola. According to the P450 nomenclature system, the cloned genes were named CYP52E1 and CYP52E2, establishing a new subfamily in yeast family CYP52.
Reprogrammable network packet processing on the field programmable port extender (FPX) (2001)

A prototype platform has been developed that allows processing of packets at the edge of a multi-gigabit-per-second network switch. This system, the Field Programmable Port Extender (FPX), enables packet processing functions to be implemented as modular components in reprogrammable hardware. All logic on the on the FPX is implemented in two Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Packet processing functions in the system are implemented as dynamically-loadable modules.
Human Dentin Matrix Induces Cartilage Formation in vitro by Mesenchymal Cells Derived from Embryonic Muscle (1987)

Dentin matrix was assayed for its potential to elicit chondrogenesis of mesenchymal cells in vitro. The substratum was prepared by demineralization of human tooth root dentin, while embryonic thigh muscle was used as a source of mesenchymal cells. Formation of chondrocytes from mesenchymal cells occurred in the presence of dentin matrix, and in the same sequence as previously shown with substrata of demineralized bone.
Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces (2002)

Eigenface or principal component analysis (PCA) methods have demonstrated their success in face recognition, detection, and tracking. The representation in PCA is based on the second order statistics of the image set, and does not address higher order statistical dependencies such as the relationships among three or more pixels. Higher order statistics (HOS) have been used as a more informative low dimensional representation than PCA for face and vehicle detection. We investigate a generalization of PCA, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA), for learning low dimensional representations in the context of face recognition. In contrast to HOS, kernel PCA computes the higher order statistics without the combinatorial explosion of time and memory complexity. While PCA aims to find a second order correlation of patterns, kernel PCA provides a replacement which takes into account higher order correlations. We compare the recognition results using kernel methods with eigenface methods on two benchmarks. Empirical results show that kernel PCA outperforms the eigenface method in face recognition.
HMG-domain proteins specifically inhibit the repair of the major DNA adduct of the anticancer drug cisplatin by human excision nuclease. (1994)

The most frequent DNA adduct made by the anticancer drug cisplatin, the 1,2-intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link, as well as the minor 1,3-intrastrand d(GpTpG) adduct, were both repaired by an in vitro human excision repair system. Fragments of 27-29 nt containing the platinum damage were excised. The high mobility group (HMG)-domain proteins HMG1 and human mitochondrial transcription factor specifically inhibited repair of the 1,2-intrastrand cross-link by the human excision nuclease. These results suggest that the types and levels of HMG-domain proteins in a given tumor may influence the responsiveness of that cancer to cisplatin chemotherapy and they provide a rational basis for the synthesis of new platinum anticancer drug candidates.
Age‐related changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of fibrillin and elastin mRNAS and proteins in acute cutaneous wounds of healthy humans (1997)

Elasticity and resilience of the skin are determined largely by the elastin framework, whose microfibrillar scaffold is composed of fibrillin. To date, the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of human elastin and fibrillin during wound healing have not been described. Ninety healthy human subjects underwent 4 mm cutaneous punch biopsy wounds from the upper inner arm, which were re-excised from day 3 to 3 months post-wounding. There were marked changes in the patterns of distribution and the amounts of elastin and fibrillin in sun-protected skin with ageing. However, there were no major age-related differences in the mRNA levels for elastin, fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 using in situ hybridization. Elastin and fibrillin appeared in greatest amounts in the wounds of the elderly, particularly in females. A regenerative pattern of elastin and fibrillin arcades at the dermo-epidermal junction was observed in the wounds of aged subjects. mRNA expression of elastin was greatest in the wounds of the aged (from day 3 to day 14 post-wounding) with a similar spatial and temporal pattern to fibrillin-1 expression; this suggests that fibrillin-1 is the major contributor to dermal elastic fibre construction during wound repair. Fibrillin-2 was expressed only in the wounds of the aged and expression was confined to areas proximal to dermal blood vessels. The clear-cut differences in the localization of the two members of the fibrillin family suggest that these have well-defined roles in normal skin and wound tissue. In summary, these data indicate that ageing is associated with increased expression of fibrillin and elastin during acute wound healing and concomitant restoration of the papillary dermal architecture with an improved quality of scarring. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist, HU‐210, Reduces Levodopa‐Induced Rotations in 6‐Hydroxydopamine‐Lesioned Rats (2003)

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the extrapyramidal system associated with dopaminergic neuronal loss in the basal ganglia. However, several other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, gamma-amino-butyric acid and glutamate, are also related to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease patients and their response to levodopa treatment. The co-expression of cannabinoid and dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia suggests a potential role for endocannabinoids in the control of voluntary movement in Parkinson's disease. In the present study we treated unilaterally 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine (6-hydroxydopamine)-lesioned rats with the enantiomers of the synthetic cannabinoid 7-hydroxy-delta6-tetrahydrocannabinol 1,1-dimethylheptyl. Treatment with its (-)- (3R, 4R) enantiomer (code-name HU-210), a potent cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist, reduced the rotations induced by levodopa/carbidopa or apomorphine by 34% and 44%, respectively. In contrast, treatment with the (+)- (3S, 4S) enantiomer (code-name HU-211), an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, as well as the psychotropically inactive cannabis constituent: cannabidiol and its primary metabolite, 7-hydroxy-cannabinol, did not show any reduction of rotational behavior. Our results indicate that activation of the CB1 stimulates the dopaminergic system ipsilaterally to the lesion, and may have implications in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Preferential Costimulation by CD80 Results in IL-10-Dependent TGF-β1+-Adaptive Regulatory T Cell Generation (2008)

Costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86 have different binding preferences and affinities to their receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4. Earlier, we demonstrated that CD80 binds to CTLA-4 with higher affinity and has a role in suppressing T cell response. The current study demonstrates that not only did blockade of CD86 upon Ag presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC) to OVA-specific T cells result in induction of hyporesponsive T cells but also that these T cells could suppress the proliferative response of effector T cells. These T cells showed TGF-beta1 on their surface and secreted TGF-beta1 and IL-10 upon restimulation. Although blockade of CTLA-4 and neutralization of IL-10 profoundly inhibited the induction of these TGF-beta1(+) T cells, their ability to suppress the effector T cell proliferation was abrogated by neutralization of TGF-beta1 alone. Induction of TGF-beta1(+) and IL-10(+) T cells was found to be independent of natural CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, demonstrating that preferential ligation of CTLA-4 by CD80 induced IL-10 production by effector T cells, which in turn promoted the secretion of TGF-beta1. Treatment of prediabetic NOD mice with islet beta cell Ag-pulsed CD86(-/-) DCs, but not CD80(-/-) DCs, resulted in the induction of TGF-beta1- and IL-10-producing cells, significant suppression of insulitis, and delay of the onset of hyperglycemia. These observations demonstrate not only that CD80 preferentially binds to CTLA-4 but also that interaction during Ag presentation can result in IL-10-dependent TGF-beta1(+) regulatory T cell induction, reinstating the potential of approaches to preferentially engage CTLA-4 through CD80 during self-Ag presentation in suppressing autoimmunity.
Chemistry and Biochemistry of Dietary Polyphenols (2010)

Polyphenols are the biggest group of phytochemicals, and many of them have been found in plant-based foods. Polyphenol-rich diets have been linked to many health benefits. This paper is intended to review the chemistry and biochemistry of polyphenols as related to classification, extraction, separation and analytical methods, their occurrence and biosynthesis in plants, and the biological activities and implications in human health. The discussions are focused on important and most recent advances in the above aspects, and challenges are identified for future research.
Lymphangiogenesis: Mechanisms, significance and clinical implications (1997)

Great attention has been directed toward understanding angiogenesis over the past several decades since this phenomenon was reproduced in vitro in endothelial cell and mixed vascular tissue cultures (Folkman and Hauden-schild, 1980; Folkman, 1995). The focus, however, has been almost entirely on blood vessel growth, or what we have termed “hemangiogenesis” (M. Witte and Witte, 1987 c). Yet a vast interstitial fluid circulation suffuses the tissues, bathes the parenchymal cells and interconnects with the blood vasculature via the lymphatic vasculature (Fig. 1). This arc of the circulatory system on the dark side of the blood-tissue interface and its growth (“lymphangiogenesis”) has received scant attention even though lymphatic (re)generation is both vigorous and essential, and disorders of lymphatic dynamics are common, often disfiguring, and occasionally life- and limb-threatening.