gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced telemetry system using CP-QPSK Band-Pass modulation technique suitable for smart pill medical application (2008)

A new approach of continuous phase QPSK Band-Pass modulation technique is being developed as enhancement to the QPSK modulation scheme for inductive data transmission (NFC). The modulation is based on Gaussian filtering of the phase transition from one state to the other rather than discontinuity in phase shift. The carrier is based on low frequency 115 KHz suitable for human body energy penetration due to its large skin-depth and lower inductive power attenuation. The complete signal processing is done digitally, external coil and capacitor is used for transceiver interface. The telemetry assists a smart pill swallowed by human being to trigger an actuator for drug delivery, record temperature, or perform diagnostic task inside the body. The smart pill includes 32bit processor, 16 Kbyte memory, temperature sensor, telemetry unit, and additional external peripheries. The complete system is designed, embedded in one SoC, and realized on ASIC with chip-area less than 14 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Sub-dekahertz Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of199Hg+ (2000)

Using a laser that is frequency locked to a Fabry-Perot etalon of high finesse and stability, we probe the 5d(10)6s (2)S(1/2)(F = 0)<-->5d(9)6s(2) (2)D(5/2)(F = 2) Deltam(F) = 0 electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled 199Hg+ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observe Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm ( 1.06x10(15) Hz), yielding a line Q approximately 1.6x10(14). We perform a preliminary measurement of the 5d(9)6s(2) (2)D(5/2) electric-quadrupole shift due to interaction with the static fields of the trap, and discuss the implications for future trapped-ion optical frequency standards.
A maize embryo-specific gene encodes a proline-rich and hydrophobic protein. (1992)

A gene from maize that encodes a hybrid proline-rich protein (HyPRP) formed by two well-defined domains, proline-rich and hydrophobic, respectively, has been characterized at the level of its structure and expression. The proline-rich domain is composed of elements PPYV and PPTPRPS, similar to those found in PRP proteins from soybean. The hydrophobic domain is rich in cysteine and is similar to seed proteins, mainly to a soybean hydrophobic seed protein. In maize, HyPRP is encoded by a single gene, and its mRNA accumulates in immature maize zygotic embryos, with a maximum accumulation between 12 and 18 days after pollination. The HyPRP mRNA can also be detected in ovary prior to pollination. In situ hybridization experiments on embryo sections show an expression of the gene in scutellum and in nonvascular cells from the embryo axis. Functional hypotheses related to HyPRP are discussed.
The Oligo(A) Tail on Histone mRNA Plays an Active Role in Translational Silencing of Histone mRNA during Xenopus Oogenesis (2004)

Metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs end in a stem-loop sequence. The one known exception is the histone mRNA in amphibian oocytes, which has a short oligo(A) tail attached to the stem-loop sequence. Amphibian oocytes also contain two proteins that bind the 3' end of histone mRNA: xSLBP1, the homologue of the mammalian SLBP, and xSLBP2, which is present only in oocytes. xSLBP2 is an inhibitor of histone mRNA translation, while xSLBP1 activates translation. The short A tail on histone mRNAs appears at stage II to III of oogenesis and is present on histone mRNAs throughout the rest of oogenesis. At oocyte maturation, the oligo(A) tail is removed and the xSLBP2 is degraded, resulting in the activation of translation of histone mRNA. Both SLBPs bind to the stem-loop with the oligo(A) tail with similar affinities. Reporter mRNAs ending in the stem-loop with or without the oligo(A) tail are translated equally well in a reticulocyte lysate, and their translation is stimulated by the presence of xSLBP1. In contrast, translation of the reporter mRNA with an oligo(A) tail is not activated in frog oocytes in response to the presence of xSLBP1. These results suggest that the oligo(A) tail is an active part of the translation repression mechanism that silences histone mRNA during oogenesis and that its removal is part of the mechanism that activates translation.
Electroactive Superelongation of Carbon Nanotube Aggregates in Liquid Crystal Medium (2007)

We report an effect of superelongation of carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregates driven by the electric field in a liquid crystal (LC) medium. The CNT aggregates started to elongate above a certain threshold field and sustained the elongation up to nearly 400% in the linear region with a large electroactive constant of 70 (V/microm)-1. The original morphology of the CNT aggregates was restored upon removal of the field. The elongation was fully reversible below a certain breakdown field, irrespective of the nematic or isotropic phase of the LC medium. The overall process involved (i) the alignment of CNT aggregates to increase the dipole energy of aggregates in the presence of the bias voltage, (ii) stretching of the CNTs by sliding-out from the bundles, and (iii) the entropic elasticity that restores the randomly entangled CNT network of the original aggregates after suppression of the bias voltage.
Flow sorting of X and Y chromosome‐bearing mammalian sperm: Activation and pronuclear development of sorted bull, boar, and ram sperm microinjected into hamster oocytes (1988)

Flow cytometric techniques were used to measure relative DNA content of X and Y chromosome-bearing bull, boar, and ram sperm populations and to separate the two sex-determining populations. Neat semen was prepared for flow cytometric analysis by washing, light sonication, and staining with 9 microM Hoechst 33342. Computer analysis of the bimodal histograms showed mean X-Y DNA differences of 3.9, 3.7, and 4.2% for bull, boar, and ram, respectively. Flow cytometric reanalysis of sorted bull, boar, and ram sperm showed purities greater than 90%. Bull, boar, and ram sperm nuclei were microinjected into hamster oocytes. Microinjected sperm were either unsorted, sorted, unsorted plus dithiothreitol (DTT) exposure, or sorted plus DTT exposure. Following microinjection, eggs were incubated 3 hr, fixed, and stained. A total of 579 eggs was observed for sperm activation (decondensation or formation of a male pronucleus). A lower percentage of sorted than unsorted (3 vs. 23%) boar sperm was activated (P less than .05). However, sorted and unsorted DTT-exposed boar sperm or sorted and unsorted bull or ram sperm, regardless of DTT treatment, did not differ significantly. Sorted sperm nuclei of both rams and bulls exhibited higher activation rates than sorted boar sperm (P less than .05). Treatment of sperm with DTT increased the activation rate (P less than .05) for sorted boar sperm but not for bull or ram sperm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops in the treatment of dry eyes. (1995)

Sodium hyaluronate drops applied in six daily doses could not be demonstrated to offer advantages over conventional tear supplies in the improvement of subjective symptoms, but may play a role in maintaining a healthy corneal epithelium.
PEG-PE Micelles Loaded with Paclitaxel and Surface-Modified by a PBR-Ligand: Synergistic Anticancer Effect (2008)

Selective ligands to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) may induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. An overexpression of PBR in certain cancers allowed us to consider the use of highly selective ligands to PBR for receptor-mediated drug targeting to tumors. With this in mind, we prepared PBR-targeted nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (PEG-PE micelles) loaded with the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PCL) to test possible synergistic anticancer effects. PEG2k-PE-based polymeric micelles with and without PCL were prepared in HBS, pH 7.5, and conjugated with a PBR-ligand (CB86) in 0.45% of DMSO. The cytotoxic effect of such micelles against the LN 18 human glioblastoma cell line was studied in cell culture. The micelles maintained their size and size distribution and remained intact without drug release after the PBR-ligand conjugation. The PCL-loaded PBR-targeted micelles showed a significantly enhanced toxicity against human glioblastoma LN 18 cancer cells in vitro. Thus, PBR-targeted nanopreparations may potentially serve as a new nanomedicine for targeted cancer therapy.
SPITFIRE: toward a semantic web of things (2011)

The developed world is awash with sensors. However, they are typically locked into unimodal closed systems. To unleash their full potential, access to sensors should be opened such that their data and services can be integrated with data and services available in other information systems, facilitating novel applications and services that are based on the state of the real world. We describe our vision and architecture of a Semantic Web of Things: a service infrastructure that makes the deployment and use of semantic applications involving Internet-connected sensors almost as easy as building, searching, and reading a web page today.
Aromatic-Aromatic Interaction: A Mechanism of Protein Structure Stabilization (1985)

Analysis of neighboring aromatic groups in four biphenyl peptides or peptide analogs and 34 proteins reveals a specific aromatic-aromatic interaction. Aromatic pairs (less than 7 A between phenyl ring centroids) were analyzed for the frequency of pair type, their interaction geometry (separation and dihedral angle), their nonbonded interaction energy, the secondary structural locations of interacting residues, their environment, and their conservation in related molecules. The results indicate that on average about 60 percent of aromatic side chains in proteins are involved in aromatic pairs, 80 percent of which form networks of three or more interacting aromatic side chains. Phenyl ring centroids are separated by a preferential distance of between 4.5 and 7 A, and dihedral angles approaching 90 degrees are most common. Nonbonded potential energy calculations indicate that a typical aromatic-aromatic interaction has energy of between -1 and -2 kilocalories per mole. The free energy contribution of the interaction depends on the environment of the aromatic pair. Buried or partially buried pairs constitute 80 percent of the surveyed sample and contribute a free energy of between -0.6 and -1.3 kilocalories per mole to the stability of the protein's structure at physiologic temperature. Of the proteins surveyed, 80 percent of these energetically favorable interactions stabilize tertiary structure, and 20 percent stabilize quaternary structure. Conservation of the interaction in related molecules is particularly striking.
Dabrafenib in the treatment of advanced melanoma (2013)

Advanced melanoma has long been a challenging malignancy to treat due to a relative paucity of efficacious therapeutic options. However, the identification of activating BRAF mutations in approximately 50% of patients with cutaneous melanoma has ushered in the era of targeted therapy for melanoma patients. Similar to the first-in-class selective serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf inhibitor vemurafenib, dabrafenib is highly efficacious in melanoma patients with BRAF V600E mutations, with response rates of approximately 50% and progression-free survival of 6 months. There is data to suggest that dabrafenib not only shows activity in V600E-mutated melanoma, but also in non-V600E BRAF-mutated disease such as V600K. There is also early data to suggest that dabrafenib is effective in controlling metastases in the brain. Combining dabrafenib with the selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib has been effective in improving both the progression-free survival and overall survival of melanoma patients over those patients treated with dabrafenib alone. Dabrafenib is still being evaluated in several clinical trials in melanoma as well as a variety of other solid tumors with BRAF mutations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved dabrafenib as a single agent for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adult patients with BRAF V600E mutation.
Timolol induces HSV-1 ocular shedding in the latently infected rabbit. (1987)

Timolol iontophoresis into the eye can induce herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) shedding in rabbits latently infected with HSV-1 strain McKrae. Anodal iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol was done at 0.8 mAmp for 8 min once a day for 3 consecutive days. Viral shedding was determined by the presence of HSV-1 in the preocular tear film obtained by eye swabs. In two experiments, iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol resulted in all eyes (18/18) shedding HSV-1 for an average duration of 4.3 days. When 5.0% timolol was applied topically to rabbit eyes supersensitized by iontophoresis of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD), all eyes (10/10) shed virus for an average duration of 2.9 days. All eyes (12/12) receiving iontophoresis of 6-HD, pre- and posttreatment with topical application of 5.0% timolol, and posttreatment with topical application of 1.0% epinephrine shed virus for an average duration of 3.6 days. Eyes treated with topical application of 5.0% timolol alone showed no difference in HSV-1 ocular shedding, compared with untreated eyes. We concluded that both iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol and topical application of 5.0% timolol to adrenergically supersensitized eyes induced HSV-1 shedding reliably and with a high frequency, and that topically applied timolol does not block the HSV-1 ocular shedding induced by epinephrine in adrenergically supersensitized eyes.
Characterization of JG024, a pseudomonas aeruginosa PB1-like broad host range phage under simulated infection conditions (2010)

Phage JG024 is a suitable broad host range phage which could be used in phage therapy. Phage infection experiments under simulated chronic lung infection conditions showed that alginate production reduces phage infection efficiency.
Tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors block invasin-promoted bacterial uptake by epithelial cells (1992)

The ability to enter into (invade) mammalian cells is an essential virulence determinant of many pathogenic bacteria and intracellular parasites. These organisms are internalized by host cells upon attachment to their surface. However, the mechanisms used by intracellular parasites to induce internalization into host cells have not been defined. We found that the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine blocks invasion by some pathogenic bacteria, including Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Using Escherichia coli containing the cloned Y. enterocolitica invasion gene inv (which codes for invasin, an integrin-binding protein), we found that staurosporine inhibits invasion by blocking bacterial internalization. Two specific tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin, also block the internalization but not the binding of bacteria, suggesting that bacterial uptake may be dependent on the activity of this enzyme class in host HeLa cells. In contrast to invasion promoted by invasin, the invasion of HeLa cells by Salmonella typhimurium is not inhibited by any of these drugs.
T Cell Activation and the Cytoskeleton (2000)

Ligation of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulates protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), which regulate intracellular calcium and control the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes. PTKs activated by antigen receptors and costimulatory molecules also couple to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and control the activity of Ras- and Rho-family GTPases. T cell signal transduction is triggered physiologically by antigen in the context of antigen presenting cells (APC). The formation of stable and prolonged contacts between T cells and APCs is not necessary to initiate T cell signaling but is required for effective T cell proliferation and differentiation. The stabilization of the T cell/ APC conjugate is regulated by intracellular signals induced by antigen receptors and costimulators. These coordinate the regulation of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and organize a specialized signaling zone that allows sustained TCR signaling.
Selection and Characterization of Microorganisms Utilizing Thaxtomin A, a Phytotoxin Produced by Streptomyces scabies (1998)

Thaxtomin A is the main phytotoxin produced by Streptomyces scabies, a causal agent of potato scab. Thaxtomin A is a yellow compound composed of 4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5-dioxopiperazine. A collection of nonpathogenic streptomycetes isolated from potato tubers and microorganisms recovered from a thaxtomin A solution were examined for the ability to grow in the presence of thaxtomin A as a sole carbon or nitrogen source. Three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates grew in thaxtomin A-containing media. Growth of these organisms resulted in decreases in the optical densities at 400 nm of culture supernatants and in 10% reductions in the thaxtomin A concentration. The fungal isolates were identified as a Penicillium sp. isolate and a Trichoderma sp. isolate. One bacterial isolate was associated with the species Ralstonia pickettii, and the two other bacterial isolates were identified as Streptomyces sp. strains. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes were determined in order to compare thaxtomin A-utilizing actinomycetes to the pathogenic organism S. scabies and other Streptomyces species. The nucleotide sequences of the gamma variable regions of the 16S ribosomal DNA of both thaxtomin A-utilizing actinomycetes were identical to the sequence of Streptomyces mirabilis ATCC 27447. When inoculated onto potato tubers, the three thaxtomin A-utilizing bacteria protected growing plants against common scab, but the fungal isolates did not have any protective effect.
Implementation of a RAIM Monitor in a GPS Receiver and an Integrated GPS/IRS (1990)

Honeywell has developed a sensor unit (GPSSU) and an integrated
GPS/IRS (GPIRU) complying with the 743 and 704 ARINC standards for commercial avionics. A snap shot RAIM integrity monitor based on the parity space concept has been developed and is an integral part of these systems. This article discusses the algorithm and the
implementation of the algorithm in the GPSSU and GPIRU. It considers the interface between the monitor and other equipment such as
Flight Management Computer and navigation filters as well as testability. The ability of the snap shot RAIM monitor to isolate a failing satellite when the geometry allows will also be discussed. Results from simulation and tests of prototype equipment are presented. The predicted coverage in terms of detection and isolation for a 24 satellite constellation using the RAIM algorithm is included and related to current and future FAA requirements.
New, Highly Ion‐Conductive Crystals Precipitated from Li2S–P2S5 Glasses (2005)

Novel sulfide lithium-ion conducting materials are synthesized by crystallization of mechanically milled Li2S–P2S5 glasses. High ambient-temperature conductivities (σ) compared with other electrolytes (see Figure) and a low conduction activation energy are achieved by the formation of a highly conductive new crystalline phase.
A soliton ring network (1993)

The recent demonstration of ultrafast, cascadable, all-optical soliton gates, although with long latency and at an early stage of research, opens the possibility of niche exploitation in architectures whose performance is primarily limited by the absence of a few such logic elements. A candidate system is a widely distributed, self-routing short packet, slotted ring system running at peak rates well beyond that of the conventional electronic hosts at each access node. The authors describe an architecture for a system with a 1.25 GHz packet rate, 32-bit payload, and 100 Gb/s peak bit rate serving a few hundred user nodes. An optical format is retained by through-going node traffic, so that the overhead of conversion to/from electronics is incurred only at the source and destination. This design effort has served to sharpen their understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of using such gates in carefully chosen applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunologic Tolerance to Allergenic Protein Determinants: Properties of Tolerance Induced in Mice Treated with Conjugates of Protein and a Synthetic Copolymer of D-Glutamic Acid and D-Lysine (D-GL) (1979)

Conjugates of proteins and the synthetic copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (protein-D-GL) reproducibly induce significant unresponsiveness to the protein antigens in experimental mice. Proteins studied include ovalbumin and antigen E of ragweed extract, the major allergen of ragweed pollen. The unresponsive state 1) can be induced in both unsensitized and previously sensitized experimental animals, 2) is selectively confined to responses of the IgE antibody class, 3) is long lasting, and 4) is highly antigen specific. IgE antibody responses can also be suppressed by administering comparable doses of unconjugated protein alone; however, the unresponsive state induced in this manner is only transient and rebound production of IgE antibody is often observed. Results from the studies of the cellular basis of the protein-D-GL induced unresponsiveness demonstrate that 1) protein-D-GL conjugates do not induce unresponsiveness at the level of protein-specific B cells, 2) tolerance is not induced by virtue of a detectable antigen-specific suppressor T cell mechanism, 3) tolerance is most probably induced in the antigen-specific helper T cell populations. The significant IgE-selective and antigen-specific tolerogenic activity of protein-D-GL conjugates make these compounds potential candidates for use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of IgE-mediated human allergic disorders induced by protein allergens.
Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy (2013)

In solid tumors, targeted treatments can lead to dramatic regressions, but responses are often short-lived because resistant cancer cells arise. The major strategy proposed for overcoming resistance is combination therapy. We present a mathematical model describing the evolutionary dynamics of lesions in response to treatment. We first studied 20 melanoma patients receiving vemurafenib. We then applied our model to an independent set of pancreatic, colorectal, and melanoma cancer patients with metastatic disease. We find that dual therapy results in long-term disease control for most patients, if there are no single mutations that cause cross-resistance to both drugs; in patients with large disease burden, triple therapy is needed. We also find that simultaneous therapy with two drugs is much more effective than sequential therapy. Our results provide realistic expectations for the efficacy of new drug combinations and inform the design of trials for new cancer therapeutics. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00747.001.
Average body-wave radiation coefficients (1984)

Abstract Averages of P- and S-wave radiation patterns over all azimuths and various ranges of takeoff angles (corresponding to observations at teleseismic, regional, and near distances) have been computed for use in seismological applications requiring average radiation coefficients. Various fault orientations and averages of the squared, absolute, and logarithmic radiation patterns have been considered. Effective radiation patterns combining high-frequency direct and surfacere-flected waves from shallow faults have also been derived and used in the computation of average radiation coefficients at teleseismic distances. In most cases, the radiation coefficients are within a factor of 1.6 of the commonly used values of 0.52 and 0.63 for the rms of P- and S-wave radiation patterns, respectively, averaged over the whole focal sphere. The main exceptions to this conclusion are the coefficients for P waves at teleseismic distances from vertical strike-slip faults, which are at least a factor of 2.8 smaller than the commonly used value.