gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a DNA Microarray for Detection and Serotyping of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (2010)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common pathogen worldwide causing infectious diarrhea, especially traveler's diarrhea. Traditional physiological assays, immunoassays, and PCR-based methods for the detection of ETEC target the heat-labile enterotoxin and/or the heat-stable enterotoxin. Separate serotyping methods using antisera are required to determine the ETEC serogroup. In this study, we developed a DNA microarray that can simultaneously detect enterotoxin genes and the 19 most common O serogroup genes in ETEC strains. The specificity and reproducibility of this approach were verified by hybridization to 223 strains: 50 target reference or clinical strains and 173 other strains, including those belonging to other E. coli O serogroups and closely related species. The sensitivity of detection was determined to be 50 ng of genomic DNA or 10(8) CFU per ml of organisms in pure culture. The random PCR strategy used in this study with minimal bias provides an effective alternative to multiplex PCR for the detection of pathogens using DNA microarrays. The assay holds promise for applications in the clinical diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of pathogenic microorganisms.
Bacillus cereusBacteremia in a Preterm Neonate (2003)

Bacillus cereus is an uncommon but potentially serious bacterial pathogen causing infections of the bloodstream, lungs, and central nervous system of preterm neonates. A case of bacteremia caused by B. cereus in a 19-day-old preterm neonate who was successfully treated with vancomycin, tobramycin, meropenem, and clindamycin is described. Implications for the diagnostic laboratory and clinicians when Bacillus species are detected in normally sterile sites are discussed, and the small numbers of infant infections proven to be due to this organism that have been described previously are reviewed.
Screening and In Vitro Testing of Antifolate Inhibitors of Human Cytosolic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase (2015)

Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells toward serine catabolism is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), the enzyme providing one-carbon units by converting serine and tetrahydrofolate (H4 PteGlu) to glycine and 5,10-CH2 -H4 PteGlu, therefore represents a target of interest in developing new chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, 13 folate analogues under clinical evaluation or in therapeutic use were in silico screened against SHMT, ultimately identifying four antifolate agents worthy of closer evaluation. The interaction mode of SHMT with these four antifolate drugs (lometrexol, nolatrexed, raltitrexed, and methotrexate) was assessed. The mechanism of SHMT inhibition by the selected antifolate agents was investigated in vitro using the human cytosolic isozyme. The results of this study showed that lometrexol competitively inhibits SHMT with inhibition constant (Ki ) values in the low micromolar. The binding mode of lometrexol to SHMT was further investigated by molecular docking. These results thus provide insights into the mechanism of action of antifolate drugs and constitute the basis for the rational design of novel and more potent inhibitors of SHMT.
Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia: tight linkage to chromosome 15q. (1995)

Autosomal dominant, uncomplicated familial spastic paraplegia (FSP) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by insidiously progressive lower-extremity spasticity. Recently, a locus on chromosome 14q was shown to be tightly linked with the disorder in one of three families. We performed linkage analysis in a kindred with autosomal dominant uncomplicated FSP. After excluding the chromosome 14q locus, we observed tight linkage of the disorder to a group of markers on chromosome 15q (maximum two-point lod score 9.70; theta = .05). Our results clearly establish the existence of a locus for autosomal dominant FSP in the centromeric region of chromosome 15q. Comparing clinical and genetic features in FSP families linked to chromosome 14q with those linked to chromosome 15q may provide insight into the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Increased lymphangiogenesis in joints of mice with inflammatory arthritis (2007)

Angiogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis, but little is known about the role of lymphangiogenesis in this setting. Here, we examined whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulates osteoclast precursors (OCPs) to produce the lymphatic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and induce lymphangiogenesis. We used TNF-transgenic (Tg) mice and mice with serum-induced arthritis. OCPs were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CD11b+/Gr-1-/lo blood or bone marrow cells and subjected to microarray analysis or were generated from spleen or joint cells and treated with TNF. Expression of VEGFs was analyzed and examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Immunostaining and magnetic resonance imaging were used to quantify lymphatic vessels and volumes of synovium and draining lymph nodes. TNF stimulated VEGF-C expression by OCPs and increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding to an NF-kappaB sequence in the VEGF-C promoter. OCPs from joints of TNF-Tg mice express high levels of VEGF-C. Lymphatic vessel numbers and size were markedly increased in joint sections of TNF-Tg mice and mice with serum-induced arthritis. The severity of synovitis correlated with draining lymph node size. In summary, TNF induces OCPs to produce VEGF-C through NF-kappaB, leading to significantly increased lymphangiogenesis in joints of arthritic mice. The lymphatic system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2006)

The data do not support an important role for SIBO according to commonly used clinical definitions, in IBS. However, mildly increased counts of small-bowel bacteria seem to be more common in IBS, and needs further investigation. Motility alterations could not reliably predict altered small-bowel bacterial flora.
National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001-2010. (2012)

Since 2001, asthma prevalence increased, risk-based rates for visits to private physician offices and deaths declined, and risk-based rates for other types of ambulatory visits and for hospitalizations showed no clear trend.
The unsupported arm: a cause of falsely raised blood pressure readings. (1977)

conversely, have reported it as the presenting feature of the disease after direct pericardial infection.'In our case the history of arthritis might suggest a preceding meningococcal illness with pericarditis, arthritis, and peritonitis as later complications.The undoubted presence of organisms in the pericardial fluid, however, implies a direct bacterial mechanism.Corticosteroids have been advocated to aid resolution of the serous effusions of meningococcal infection.Our patient, however, responded satisfactorily to antibiotics and drainage alone.Effective eradication of the organism is obviously the object of treatment and whether steroids offer further benefit seems still open to question.
Influence of Dioxygen on the Promotional Effect of Bi during Pt-Catalyzed Oxidation of 1,6-Hexanediol (2016)

A series of carbon-supported, Bi-promoted Pt catalysts with various Bi/Pt atomic ratios was prepared by selectively depositing Bi on Pt nanoparticles. The catalysts were evaluated for 1,6-hexanediol oxidation activity in aqueous solvent under different dioxygen pressures. The rate of diol oxidation on the basis of Pt loading over a Bi-promoted catalyst was 3 times faster than that of an unpromoted Pt catalyst under 0.02 MPa of O2, whereas the unpromoted catalyst was more active than the promoted catalyst under 1 MPa of O2. After liquid-phase catalyst pretreatment and 1,6-hexanediol oxidation, migration of Bi on the carbon support was observed. The reaction order in O2 was 0 over Bi-promoted Pt/C in comparison to 0.75 over unpromoted Pt/C in the range of 0.02–0.2 MPa of O2. Under low O2 pressure, rate measurements in D2O instead of H2O solvent revealed a moderate kinetic isotope effect (rateH2O/rateD2O) on 1,6-hexanediol oxidation over Pt/C (KIE = 1.4), whereas a negligible effect was observed on Bi-Pt/C (KIE = 0.9), indicating that the promotional effect of Bi could be related to the formation of surface hydroxyl groups from the reaction of dioxygen and water. No significant change in product distribution or catalyst stability was observed with Bi promotion, regardless of the dioxygen pressure.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3′‐Amino‐3′‐deoxyguanosine from Guanosine (2003)

Abstract 3′‐Amino‐3′‐deoxyguanosine was synthesized from guanosine in eight steps and 58% overall yield. The 2′,3′‐diol of 5′‐ O ‐[( tert ‐butyl)diphenylsilyl]‐2‐ N ‐[(dimethylamino)methylidene]guanosine was reacted with α ‐acetoxyisobutyryl bromide and treated with 0.5 n NH 3 in MeOH to yield 9‐{2′‐ O ‐acetyl‐3′‐bromo‐5′‐ O ‐[( tert ‐butyl)diphenylsilyl]‐3′‐deoxy‐ β ‐ D ‐xylofuranosyl]‐2‐ N ‐[(dimethylamino)methylidene]guanine, which was reacted with benzyl isocyanate, NaH, and then 3.0 n NaOH, and finally with Pd/C (10%) and HCO 2 NH 4 in EtOH/AcOH to afford 3′‐amino‐3′‐deoxyguanosine.
Actions of bevacizumab and ranibizumab on microvascular retinal endothelial cells: similarities and differences (2012)

Both inhibitors had similar effects on retinal endothelial cells; however, some differences were recognised. Although barrier properties were not affected by internalised bevacizumab in vitro, potential adverse effects due to accumulation after repetitive intravitreal injections remain to be investigated.
Sports Related Hand Injuries in Hong Kong (2010)

Objective This study attempted to review the incidence of sports related hand injuries in one of the regional hospitals in Hong Kong and to study the intervention method used in this diagnostic group. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 2009 to review all the referrals from the Department of Accident and Emergency to the Occupational Therapy Department. Injuries related to sports activities or exercises were selected and their demographic information including gender, age, types of sports engaged in, and types of injuries were recorded. Results A total of 596 patients were recorded and 62 of them were identified to have sports related injuries of the hand. Types of injuries included proximal interphalangeal joint volar plate injuries, phalangeal fractures, metacarpal fractures, mallet fingers and gamekeeper's thumb. Twelve different types of sports related injuries were identified, with most injuries caused by contact sports, namely basketball (44%) and football (26%). All patients were treated with standardized splintage and mobilization programme. Seventy-eight percent of the patients completed full course of the therapy and most of them had very satisfactory results in restoration of hand function. Residual problems such as joint stiffness, limitation of full range of motion were found only in five cases. Most of them returned to their previous sports with preventive gadgets. The management of various hand injuries was briefly discussed. Conclusion Incidence of sports related hand injuries appear to be on a rising trend and there should be special training for occupational therapists to provide quality therapy services to those injured.
Target-Dependent B7-H1 Regulation Contributes to Clearance of Central Nervous Sysyem Infection and Dampens Morbidity (2009)

The neurotropic coronavirus JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus persists in oligodendroglia despite the presence of virus-specific CD8 T cells. Expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and B7-H1 were studied during acute and persistent infection to examine whether this negative regulatory mechanism contributes to CNS viral persistence. The majority of CNS-infiltrating CD8 T cells expressed PD-1, with the highest levels on virus-specific CD8 T cells. Moreover, despite control of infectious virus, CD8 T cells within the CNS of persistently infected mice maintained high PD-1 expression. Analysis of virus-susceptible target cells in vivo revealed that B7-H1 expression was regulated in a cell type-dependent manner. Oligodendroglia and microglia up-regulated B7-H1 following infection; however, although B7-H1 expression on oligodendroglia was prominent and sustained, it was significantly reduced and transient on microglia. Infection of mice deficient in the IFN-gamma or IFN-alpha/beta receptor demonstrated that B7-H1 expression on oligodendroglia is predominantly regulated by IFN-gamma. Ab blockade of B7-H1 on oligodendroglia in vitro enhanced IFN-gamma secretion by virus-specific CD8 T cells. More efficient virus control within the CNS of B7-H1-deficient mice confirmed inhibition of CD8 T cell function in vivo. Nevertheless, the absence of B7-H1 significantly increased morbidity without altering demyelination. These data are the first to demonstrate glia cell type-dependent B7-H1 regulation in vivo, resulting in adverse effects on antiviral CD8 T cell function. However, the beneficial role of PD-1:B7-H1 interactions in limiting morbidity highlights the need to evaluate tissue-specific intervention strategies.
Immune Response of Infants and Children to Low-Passage Bovine Rotavirus (Strain WC3) (1986)

A bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) was isolated from a calf in Pennsylvania and adapted to growth in continuous Cercopithecus cell line CV1. A pool for human vaccine trials was produced at the 12th cell culture passage level. After preliminary testing in adults and older children, a dose of 3 X 10(7) plaque-forming units was given by mouth to 52 infants and children aged 5 months to 6 years. No clinical sequelae were detected, and shedding in feces was detected in only 30% of tested infants. A serum-neutralizing antibody response was induced in 95% of 21 infants aged 5 to 11 months; response rates were slightly reduced in older infants. The antibody response was primarily directed toward bovine rotavirus, but a response to human serotype 3 rotavirus was also observed in approximately 50% of vaccinees. After vaccination with WC3, infants with preexisting antibody to rotaviruses of human serotype 1 or 3 frequently exhibited a booster response to those serotypes. WC3 is a candidate rotaviral vaccine deserving larger trials in children.
Nickel Supported on Alkaline Earth Metal–Doped γ-Al2O3–La2O3 as Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane (2020)

Nickel catalysts supported on γ–Al2O3 doped with La2O3 and alkaline earth oxides (MgO, CaO, and SrO) were investigated in the dry reforming of methane. The samples were prepared with wet impregnation method and characterized by BET surface area, X–ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that addition of these dopants decrease the specific surface area (SBET) of oxides and/or catalysts. XRD results revealed the presence of different phases of Al2O3, as well as La(OH)3, La2O2CO3, MgO, CaCO3 and SrCO3. The addition of alkaline earth promoters (MgO, CaO, and SrO) increased the catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts. The Ni/SrLaAl catalyst presented the best activity and stability, which is explained by the strong basicity of strontium. SEM analysis after reaction indicates formation of carbon over the spent catalyst and that addition of strontium stabilized the surface of the catalyst by homogeneous dispersion of the particles.
Immunoreactivity and Guanosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Activating Actions of Various Molecular Forms of Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (2007)

Recent studies support the speculation that different molecular forms of the cardiac hormone BNP with differential biological activity may circulate in heart failure and be detected by conventional assays. In the current study we determined the ability of 3 widely used conventional assays to detect these different forms thought to circulate in heart failure. We also evaluated the ability of pro-BNP (1-108), N-terminal peptide (NT)-pro-BNP (1-76), and BNP 3-32, the latter a cleavage product of BNP 1-32 by dipeptidyl peptidase IV, on an equimolar basis to activate cGMP in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes compared with the biologically active mature BNP 1-32. Specifically, we observed that the Roche NT-pro-BNP assay detected both NT-pro-BNP 1-76 and pro-BNP 1-108 and that Biosite Triage and Shionogi detected both mature BNP 1-32 and the shortened BNP 3-32. Moreover, in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, BNP 1-32 (10(-6) mol/L) activated cGMP. BNP 3-32 demonstrated a similar cGMP activating property in both cardiac cell types. In contrast, the cGMP response to pro-BNP 1-108 and NT-pro-BNP 1-76 was not significantly greater than no treatment alone. We conclude that widely used commercial assays for NT-pro-BNP 1-76 and BNP 1-32 cannot differentiate among pro-, processed, or degraded forms and, thus, may not thoroughly identify circulating BNP forms in heart failure patients. These findings also demonstrate differential cGMP activating properties of BNP forms and, importantly, that pro-BNP 1-108 and NT-pro-BNP 1-76 have reduced cGMP activity in vitro that may have biological relevance to human heart failure.
Facile (2001)

Architectural simulators are essential tools for computer architecture and systems research and development. Simulators, however, are becoming frustratingly slow, because they must now model increasingly complex micro-architectures running realistic workloads. Previously, we developed a technique called fast-forwarding, which applied partial evaluation and mermoization to improve the performance of detailed architectural simulations by as much as an order of magnitude [14]. While writing a detailed processor simulator is difficult, implementing fast-forwarding is even more complex. This paper describes Facile, a domain-specific language for writing detailed, accurate micro-architecture simulators. Architectural descriptions written in Facile can be compiled, using partial evaluation techniques, into fast-forwarding simulators that achieve significant performance improvements with far less programmer effort. Facile and its compiler make this performance-enhancing technique accessible to computer architects.
Treatment plan of myasthenia gravis. (1997)

重症筋無力症(Myasthenia gravis, MG)は,シナプス後膜のニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, AChR)を標的とした自己免疫疾患である.その病因は抗アセチルコリン受容体抗体(AChRAb)が産生されることにあり,診断は臨床症状, AChRAb価,反復神経刺激誘発筋電図,エドロホニウム・テストの結果などを総合的に判断してなされる.治療はいかに患者体内でのAChRAb産生を抑えるかが重要である.治療の主流は胸腺摘出術,ステロイド治療(経口投与,場合によりパルス療法),血液浄化療法などの免疫療法である. MGは現在,生命予後は良好となったが,薬物の副作用に苦しむ患者も少なくない.患者がクオリティーオブライフを享受できるような治療が望まれている.
Active metallic photonic band-gap materials (MPBG): experimental results on beam shaper (2000)

We focus our attention on the possibilities to control the beam radiated by antennas, which are initially omnidirectional using active metallic photonic band-gap materials (AMPBG). In fact, MPBG composed of continuous or discontinuous wires present different and interesting characteristics when they are used as an antenna reflector or a radome. Adding active components on wires allows one to switch from continuous to discontinuous structures. Wires with active elements on can then be placed inside a structure, which shapes the beam radiated by a dipole antenna. Experimental results show that it allows one to switch on/off the beam or to change its shape.
ERK dimers and scaffold proteins: Unexpected partners for a forgotten (cytoplasmic) task (2009)

Signals transmitted by ERK1/2 MAP Kinases regulate the functions of multiple substrates present in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, in similar proportions. In spite of this fact, the prevailing trend of the field has been to focus on the nuclear component, being considered the main executor of ERK biological functions. Following this fashion, scaffold proteins have been often described as modulators of ERK phosphorylation in their route, either as monomers or as dimers, to their ultimate destination at the nucleus. Contrarily, recent findings demonstrate that scaffolds and ERK dimers are essential for the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates. Dimerization is critical for connecting the scaffolded ERK complex to cognate cytoplasmic substrates, while nuclear substrates are activated by ERK monomers. Furthermore, blocking ERK cytoplasmic signals by preventing ERK dimerization, is sufficient for attenuating cellular proliferation, transformation and tumor development. These new results highlight the importance of ERK cytoplasmic signals, disclose an unprecedented functional relationship between scaffold proteins and ERK dimers and identify dimerization as a key determinant of the spatial specificity of ERK signals.
End-to-end Sequence Labeling via Bi-directional LSTM-CNNs-CRF (2016)

State-of-the-art sequence labeling systems traditionally require large amounts of task-specific knowledge in the form of hand-crafted features and data pre-processing. In this paper, we introduce a novel neutral network architecture that benefits from both word- and character-level representations automatically, by using combination of bidirectional LSTM, CNN and CRF. Our system is truly end-to-end, requiring no feature engineering or data pre-processing, thus making it applicable to a wide range of sequence labeling tasks. We evaluate our system on two data sets for two sequence labeling tasks --- Penn Treebank WSJ corpus for part-of-speech (POS) tagging and CoNLL 2003 corpus for named entity recognition (NER). We obtain state-of-the-art performance on both the two data --- 97.55\% accuracy for POS tagging and 91.21\% F1 for NER.
Potentials for improving query processing in spatial databse systems (1993)

Due to the high complexity of objects and queries and also due to extremely large data volumes, spatial database systems impose stringent requirements on the performance of query processing.For improving query performance the following two properties are an absolute necessity: (i) a fast spatial access to the objects and (ii) a fast processing of geometric operations.It has been convincingly demonstrated and it is generally accepted that a fast spatial access can only be achieved by integrating spatial access methods (SAMs) into spatial database systems.However, the huge potential that SAMs open for global clustering in combination with set I/O, thus improving the performance of set-oriented access to large amounts of objects, has rarely been investigated.Furthermore, SAMs must be exploited adequately for improving expensive operations such as the spatial join.Property (ii), fast processing of complex geometric operations, is achieved by the following two building blocks: approximations and decompositions.Good approximations provide an efficient filtering by avoiding unnecessary access and operations on the exact representation.The decomposition of complex spatial objects into simple components substitutes the expensive execution of a computational geometry algorithm for the complex object by multiple executions of simple and fast computational geometry algorithms for simple components.In this paper, we investigate the above mentioned potentials for improving the query performance in spatial database systems in detail.
A robust agorithm for eye detection on gray intensity face without spectacles (2005)

This paper presents a robust eye detection algorithm for gray intensity images. The idea of our method is to combine the respective advantages of two existing techniques, feature based method and template based method, and to overcome their shortcomings. Firstly, after the location of face region is detected, a feature based method will be used to detect two rough regions of both eyes on the face. Then an accurate detection of iris centers will be continued by applying a template based method in these two rough regions. Results of experiments to the faces without spectacles show that the proposed approach is not only robust but also quite efficient.