gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic technologies for angular velocity sensing (2010)

Photonics for angular rate sensing is a well-established research field having very important industrial applications, especially in the field of strapdown inertial navigation. Recent advances in this research field are reviewed. Results obtained in the past years in the development of the ring laser gyroscope and the fiber optic gyroscope are presented. The role of integrated optics and photonic integrated circuit technology in the enhancement of gyroscope performance and compactness is broadly discussed. Architectures of new slow-light integrated angular rate sensors are described. Finally, photonic gyroscopes are compared with other solid-state gyros, showing their strengths and weaknesses.
Field Laser Hazard Calculations (1987)

The authors develop formulae for laser hazard evaluation. Beam diameter, transmitted power through an optical system, nominal ocular hazard distance, and optical density required for eye protection may be calculated. A calculator program is provided which uses experimentally determined laser parameters to return the necessary safety information.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Arterial Blood Pressure Changes and Indices of Pulse Oximetric Plethysmography (2002)

The cyclical respiratory-induced changes in the amplitude of the pulse oximeter waveform can be used to detect normotensive hypovolemia. This study shows that hypotension produces the same effect. Therefore, in hypotensive conditions, we cannot determine the presence of hypovolemia.
Defining the critical gene expression changes associated with expression and suppression of the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype in Ha-ras-transformed cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells. (1993)

Carcinogenesis requires a complex series of genetic changes often involving multiple oncogenes and the inactivation of multiple tumor-suppressor genes. We presently examined the effect of the Krev-1 tumor-suppressor gene on the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of Ha-ras-transformed cloned rat embryo fibroblast (CREF) cells. Ha-ras-transformed CREF cells are morphologically transformed and anchorage independent; produce reduced levels of nm23-H1 (a putative metastasis-suppressor gene product) and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1) transcripts and mRNA compared with CREF cells; produce increased levels of cripto, 94-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (94-kDa GEL), osteopontin (OPN) and transin/stromelysin transcripts and mRNA compared with CREF cells; and are tumorigenic and metastatic in both nude mice and syngeneic rats. Ha-ras-transformed CREF cells coexpressing the Krev-1 gene display a reversion in cellular phenotype and gene expression to that of untransformed CREF cells. However, Ha-ras/Krev-1-coexpressing CREF cells retain, albeit with extended latency periods, both tumorigenic and metastatic potential that is not related directly to the final level of Ha-ras or Krev-1 mRNA or the Ha-ras p21 transforming protein. Development of metastatic potential is, however, directly correlated with a reduction in nm23-H1 and TIMP-1 transcription and mRNA levels and an enhanced expression of cripto, 94-kDa GEL, osteopontin and transin. In contrast, expression of additional tumor-suppressor genes, such as the RB gene and p53, or genes associated with tumorigenesis in other model systems, such as major excreted glycoprotein (MEP), 72-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (72-kDa GEL), fibronectin (FIB), tenascin and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is not altered in a consistent manner during in vitro transformation suppression or escape from tumorigenic and metastatic suppression. These results indicate that Krev-1 suppression of the Ha-ras-transformed/oncogenic phenotype is associated with a distinct program of gene expression changes manifested by altered rates of transcription and steady-state mRNA levels of specific oncogenic-suppressing and oncogenic-inducing genes. These data support a model of Ha-ras-induced metastasis in CREF cells that involves a direct modulation in the expression/suppression of specific combinations of oncogenic-suppressor genes and metastasis-promoting genes that are regulated coordinately in the process of tumor progression.
Characterization of a Calcium‐Binding IgG Myeloma Protein (1974)

A calcium‐binding IgG myeloma protein (A. L.) has previously been described It has now been characterized as an IgG1 lambda protein with two independent binding sites for calcium ions. The sites are localized in the Fab regions. Isolated heavy chains showed no unequivocal binding activity, whereas the light chains were active. The apparent intrinsic association constant for protein A.L., as found by equilibrium dialysis, was 10 4 l/mol.
A New Family of Proteinases is Defined by Several Snake Venom Metalloproteinases (1992)

Recently, the complete amino acid sequences have been determined for several snake venom metalloproteinases from the genera Crotalus, Trimeresurus and Lachesis of the Crotalidae family. Among these are both hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic metalloproteinases. Despite differences in their molecular weights and activities, they all appear to be related through a single ancestral gene, as observed by the comparison of their amino acid sequences. None of these proteins bear significant similarity to any other known protein, with the exception of the zinc binding site demonstrated in thermolysin and other metalloproteinases. Thus we propose that these proteins define a new family of zinc metalloproteinases which is likely to consist of (but is not necessarily limited to) many of the zinc metalloproteinases found in snake venoms.
High temperature Hall effect sensors based on AlGaN∕GaN heterojunctions (2006)

We report on AlGaN∕GaN heterojunction structures for use in Hall effect sensors working over a wide range of temperatures. Room temperature current-related magnetic sensitivity of 55V∕AT at a sheet resistance below 300Ω∕sq and very low temperature cross sensitivity of 103ppm∕°C up to 300°C were obtained for a square-shaped Hall effect sensor. The active layer of the Hall effect sensor is the two-dimensional electron gas formed at the Al0.3Ga0.7N and GaN heterointerface caused by the gradient in the total polarization between the AlGaN barrier and the GaN buffer layer, which results in the positive polarization induced interface charge attracting free electrons. The temperature-dependent transport properties of the heterojunction were analyzed by Hall measurement. The drop of its electron mobility from room temperature to 300°C is mainly due to the enhanced polar optical scattering, while the very stable sheet carrier density contributes to the excellent temperature cross sensitivity of the Hall effect sensor.
Dynamic group communication security (2002)

If multicast communication appears as the most efficient way to send data to a group of participants, it presents also more vulnerabilities to attacks and requires services such as authentication, integrity and confidentiality to transport data securely. We present the protocol, Baal, as a scalable solution to group key management problems and show how Baal resolves the user's revocation problem. This protocol is based on decentralized group key management with only one key shared among group members. We use then Network Simulator ns-2, in order to evaluate the performance of our protocol in the case of group initialization, and compare it with single key distribution center (SKDC) approaches.
A Cavalier approach (2014)

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels suffer from a disproportionate number of inherited diseases. Penny Watson described to Congress 2014 a study on whether a single genetic defect could cause the seemingly unrelated conditions.
Gate-self-aligned n-channel and p-channel germanium MOSFETs (1991)

Gate-self-aligned germanium MOSFETs were fabricated. By gate-self-aligned it is meant that the gate is used as the mask structure for the ion implantation that forms heavily doped source and drain regions (previous self-aligned Ge MOSFETs used a dummy-gate process). A germanium oxynitride gate-dielectric was used to fabricate n- and p-channel germanium inversion-mode MOSFETs with transconductances >100 mS/mm at room temperature at a gate length of 0.6 mu m for both n- and p-channel devices.
ELEMENTAL (2003)

Research Article| March 01 2003 ELEMENTAL John Robert Lee John Robert Lee Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Small Axe (2003) 7 (1): 164–167. https://doi.org/10.1215/-7-1-164 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation John Robert Lee; ELEMENTAL. Small Axe 1 March 2003; 7 (1): 164–167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/-7-1-164 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSmall Axe Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Small Axe Incorporated2003 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Free DNA in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients. (1977)

&lt;p&gt;In this paper we study similarity measures for moving curves which can, for example, model changing coastlines or retreating glacier termini. Points on a moving curve have two parameters, namely the position along the curve as well as time. We therefore focus on similarity measures for surfaces, specifically the Fréchet distance between surfaces. While the Fréchet distance between surfaces is generally NP-hard, we show for variants arising in the context of moving curves that they are polynomial-time solvable or NP-complete depending on the restrictions imposed on how the moving curves are matched. We achieve the polynomial-time solutions by a novel approach for computing a surface in the so-called free-space diagram based on a relation between obstacles.&lt;/p&gt;
Microglial activation and amyloid‐β clearance induced by exogenous heat‐shock proteins (2002)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of fibrillar amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides to form amyloid plaques. Understanding the balance of production and clearance of Abeta peptides is the key to elucidating amyloid plaque homeostasis. Microglia in the brain, associated with senile plaques, are likely to play a major role in maintaining this balance. Here, we show that heat-shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP90, HSP70, and HSP32, induce the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and increase the phagocytosis and clearance of Abeta peptides. This suggests that microglial interaction with Abeta peptides is highly regulated by HSPs. The mechanism of microglial activation by exogenous HSPs involves the nuclear factor kB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 activation. In AD brains, levels of HSP90 were increased in both the cytosolic and membranous fractions, and HSP90 was colocalized with amyloid plaques. These observations suggest that HSP-induced microglial activation may serve a neuroprotective role by facilitating Abeta clearance and cytokine production
Single-Pole Eight-Throw RF MEMS Rotary Switch (2006)

The design, fabrication, and measured performance of a novel single-pole eight-throw radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) rotary switch are described. The concept of this rotary switch is based on the adaptation of the axial gap wobble motor. A prototype switch has been made using separately fabricated stator, rotor, and cap components that are then assembled. A rigorous procedure was setup to investigate the direct current (dc) contact resistance over a total of four million rotor contact closures, with half a million closures made on each of the eight stator contacts. It was found that there was no obvious systematic trend in contact resistance over time. An average contact resistance of 2.5 Omega was recorded; however, values as low as 1.0 Omega were also found. The assembled rotary switch demonstrated an excellent RF performance. With the inclusion of feed lines, the insertion loss was 2.65 dB at 20 GHz, after renormalizing the measurement reference impedance. When the loss of the feed lines is subtracted, the worst-case on-state intrinsic insertion loss of the rotary switch is only 2.16 dB at 20 GHz. A worst-case off-state isolation of 31 dB was also measured over the 20-GHz bandwidth. The effective performance figure-of-merit for this switch in an arbitrary position was calculated to be 10.7 THz. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first example of a true single-pole multiple-throw RF MEMS rotary switch
Fluorogenic substrates for lipases, esterases, and acylases using a TIM‐mechanism for signal release (2007)

3-Acyloxyl-2-oxopropyl ethers of umbelliferone were investigated as new fluorogenic substrates for lipases and esterases. The aliphatic primary alcohol-leaving group released the fluorescent product umbelliferone by an enolization/beta-elimination reaction similar to the triose phosphate isomerase (TIM) reaction. A similarly designed phenylacetamide provided a fluorescent probe for penicillin G acylase, whereby the enolization/beta-elimination sequence from the intermediate aminoketone was very fast and spontaneous even under acidic conditions. The corresponding epoxyketone was not fluorogenic with epoxide hydrolases (EH). These substrates represent periodate-free Clips-otrade mark substrates.
Effects of cytokines combined with high-dose gamma irradiation on the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human ovarian cancers (1996)

Tumor cells from 7 freshly isolated human ovarian tumors and 2 continuous human ovarian cancer cell lines were analyzed for their surface expression of MHC class-1, class 11 and ICAM-1 surface antigens before and after exposure to gamma-irradiation and/or the cytokines TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma. All 7 fresh tumors expressed high levels of MHC class 1 and 1CAM-1 antigens, and levels were markedly up-regulated after exposure to TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma Similarly, class-11 antigens were either induced (3 out of 7 tumors) or significantly up-regulated by TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma. Exposure to high doses of gamma-irradiation also increased the expression of MHC class-1 and ICAM-1 antigens, albeit to a modest degree. MHC class 1 and ICAM-1 antigens expression was much lower on continuous human ovarian cell lines than on the fresh tumors. Exposure of these cells to TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma markedly up-regulated antigen expression to levels comparable to those expressed on the freshly isolated tumors. With the established ovarian cell lines, removal of cytokines caused a rapid down-regulation of antigen expression to basal levels within 6 days, while in the fresh tumors a low level of up-regulation was still present at this time. In contrast, exposure to cytokines followed by high-dose gamma-irradiation resulted in a highly significant and long-lasting expression of each surface antigen which was either up-regulated or induced by the cytokines. These data indicated that the combination of these modalities may be beneficial in generating optimal antigen expression for use of tumor cells in vaccine studies.
Rotavirus isolation and cultivation in the presence of trypsin (1977)

Rotaviruses are generally difficult to isolate and culture in vitro; therefore, virus isolation has not been used as a method of diagnosing this group of agents. The present report describes a simple procedure for isolating bovine rotaviruses directly from feces after pretreatment of fecal samples with trypsin. This procedure resulted in virus isolation from five of five samples that contained virus particles, as demonstrated by electron microscopy, and four of seven samples where virus particles could not be observed but were considered positive by the presence of immunofluorescent-staining cells in feces. Virus could not be isolated from "normal" feces. If the virus was not passaged in the presence of trypsin, the infectivity was gradually lost, but infectivity could be restored again if trypsin was added, resulting in increased virus spread and concomitant increase in virus yield. The application of this technique as a diagnostic tool for bovine and other rotaviruses is briefly discussed.
Plasma Etching of Refractory Gates for VLSI Applications (1984)

The present status of plasma etching of refractory gates is reviewed in the context of high resolution patterning. Etching of various refractory metals (cf. Mo, W) and metal silicides (cf. , , ) is particularly emphasized and discussed in terms of etch rate, anisotropy, etch selectivity over , resist, and other thin film materials. Key issues addressed include choice of etchant (cf. , , ), additive gas (, Ar, He), and reactor configuration (planar plasma, RIE, flexible diode, triode). Factors influencing the control of edge profiles in single‐level and composite gate structures are described. End‐point detection of these plasma processes is reviewed and compared with that developed for silicon etching. Also, basic mechanisms in these processes, such as desorption of reaction products, are discussed with respect to their effect on the etching characteristics of these refractory materials.
Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Turkish Patients With Parkinson’s Disease Affecting Family Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life (2012)

Parkinson's disease (PD) decreases the quality of life (QoL) of both caregivers and patients by increasing stress and burden, and it has a negative impact on their psychological state. In the present study, the authors examined the impact of PD-patient motor and non-motor clinical symptoms on the psychological health, burden, and QoL of Turkish caregivers. The study included 50 patients with PD and their caregivers. Patients' disease severity and disability, motor and non-motor symptoms, disease complications, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were assessed with various scales. Data were analyzed by multiple linear-regression models to identify variables associated with caregiver burden, psychological status, and QoL. Anxiety and depressive symptoms exhibited by the patients significantly affected the psychological state of the caregivers. Caregiver burden was increased by disease severity; the patient's degree of disability, anxiety, and depressive symptoms; and excessive daytime sleepiness. Caregiver QoL was significantly affected by the presence of dyskinesia, sialorrhea, and anxiety symptoms in patients with PD. These findings indicate that caregiving for patients with PD, particularly those in later stages, with psychiatric symptoms, affects caregiver psychological status, QoL, and caregiver burden. These results can be used to develop treatment approaches to improve caregivers' psychological status and QoL and decrease caregiver burden.
Real Time Heart Rate Monitoring from Facial RGB Color Video using Webcam (2016)

Heart Rate (HR) is one of the most important Physiological parameter and a vital indicator of peoples physiological state and is therefore important to monitor. Monitoring of HR often involves hig ...
Wide-band packet radio for multipath environments (1988)

A direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio is described that has versatile signal-processing and local-control capabilities designed to support the functions required of a robust mobile communications network. Noteworthy capabilities include eleven selectable data rates with accurate range measurements in a fading multipath channel. The radio uses a hybrid analog/digital signal processor and nonrepeating spreading codes for suppression of intersymbol interference and jamming. It incorporates two sets of monolithic surface-acoustic-wave convolvers as programmable matched filters with time-bandwidth products of 64 and 2000. The analog matched filters are coupled with binary postprocessing for the functions of detection, RAKE demodulations and ranging measurements over a wide multipath spread. The data rate can be varied in response to channel conditions from 1.45 Mb/s down to 44 b/s with an almost ideal tradeoff in signal-processing gain from 18 dB up to 61 dB prior to multipath combining.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Fast Algorithm for the Minimum Covariance Determinant Estimator (1999)

The minimum covariance determinant (MCD) method of Rousseeuw is a highly robust estimator of multivariate location and scatter. Its objective is to find h observations (out of n) whose covariance matrix has the lowest determinant. Until now, applications of the MCD were hampered by the computation time of existing algorithms, which were limited to a few hundred objects in a few dimensions. We discuss two important applications of larger size, one about a production process at Philips with n = 677 objects and p = 9 variables, and a dataset from astronomy with n = 137,256 objects and p = 27 variables. To deal with such problems we have developed a new algorithm for the MCD, called FAST-MCD. The basic ideas are an inequality involving order statistics and determinants, and techniques which we call “selective iteration” and “nested extensions.” For small datasets, FAST-MCD typically finds the exact MCD, whereas for larger datasets it gives more accurate results than existing algorithms and is faster by orders of magnitude. Moreover, FASTMCD is able to detect an exact fit—that is, a hyperplane containing h or more observations. The new algorithm makes the MCD method available as a routine tool for analyzing multivariate data. We also propose the distance-distance plot (D-D plot), which displays MCD-based robust distances versus Mahalanobis distances, and illustrate it with some examples.
Worth the ‘EEfRT’? The Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as an Objective Measure of Motivation and Anhedonia (2009)

These findings suggest that anhedonia is specifically associated with decreased motivation for rewards, and provide initial validation for the EEfRT as a laboratory-based behavioral measure of reward motivation and effort-based decision-making in humans.
Validation of clinical acceptability of an atlas‐based segmentation algorithm for the delineation of organs at risk in head and neck cancer (2015)

The STEPS algorithm showed better performance than the STAPLE algorithm in segmenting OARs for radiotherapy of the head and neck. It can automatically produce clinically acceptable segmentation of OARs, with results as relevant as manual contouring for the brainstem, spinal canal, the parotids (left/right), and optic chiasm. A substantial reduction in manual labor was achieved when using STEPS even when manual editing was necessary.
ATM-based routing in LEO/MEO satellite networks with intersatellite links (1997)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based concept for the routing of information in a low Earth orbit/medium Earth orbit (LEO/MEO) satellite system including intersatellite links (ISLs) is proposed. Specific emphasis is laid on the design of an ATM-based routing scheme for the ISL part of the system. The approach is to prepare a virtual topology by means of virtual path connections (VPCs) connecting all pairs of end nodes in the ISL subnetwork for a complete period in advance, similar to implementing a set of (time dependent) routing tables. The search for available end-to-end routes within the ISL network is based on a modified Dijkstra (1959) shortest path algorithm (M-DSPA) capable of coping with the time-variant topology. With respect to the deterministic time variance of the considered ISL topologies, an analysis of optimization aspects for the selection of a path at call setup time is presented. The performance of the path search in combination with a specific optimization procedure is-by means of extensive simulations-evaluated for example LEO and MEO ISL topologies, respectively.