gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic structure and amino acid sequence domains of the human La autoantigen. (1988)

La is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein of 47 kDa that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III. Both genomic and complementary DNAs were isolated that encompass the coding sequence of the human La molecule. The genomic clones encompass 11 exons and a putative G/C-rich promoter upstream of the mRNA start site. The cDNA sequence encodes a protein of 408 amino acids and can be divided into two structural domains based upon amino acid content and protease sensitivity. An unusually long stretch of 130 amino acids, much of which was predicted to form a stable alpha-helix, was found near the middle of the protein between the two domains. A ribonucleoprotein (RNP) consensus sequence was found just NH2-terminal to the long alpha-helix. The RNP consensus sequence is split into two exons by the fifth intron. Expression of three separate fragments of the La protein in Escherichia coli showed that a strongly autoimmune-reactive portion resides in the fragment containing the RNP consensus sequence and most of the long alpha-helical core. Autoantibodies from La patients also reacted with the terminal regions of the protein, but the extent of reactivity varied among patients. Differences in reactivity of autoantibodies to each portion of La protein may reflect an evolution of recognition of different epitopes during the development of the autoimmune response. These findings support an antigen-driven mechanism for autoimmune reactivity.
The effect of variation in phosphorus intake on salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorus absorption and faecal endogenous phosphorus excretion in sheep (1985)

SUMMARY Mature sheep fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulae, and fed a pelleted hay diet, were given supplementary phosphorus by continuous infusion into the rumen and the effects on salivary phosphorus secretion, net intestinal phosphorus absorption and faecal endogenous phosphorus excretion were studied. In control periods little phosphorus was excreted in the urine and little increase was seen in response to supplementation, the faeces being the major pathway for excretion. Increasing phosphorus intake led to an increase in net intestinal phosphorus absorption, a rise in plasma phosphate concentration, an increase in salivary phosphorus secretion and an increase in faecal endogenous phosphorus excretion. Overall net intestinal absorptive efficiency for phosphorus did, however, decrease as intake rose so that changes in faecal endogenous phosphorus excretion were in part due to increased salivary phosphorus secretion and in part to a reduction in overall absorptive efficiency. The significance of these changes in relation to the control of phosphorus balance in ruminants is discussed.
An Investigation of the Impact of Molecular Geometry upon Microcapsule Self-Assembly (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Investigation of the Impact of Molecular Geometry upon Microcapsule Self-AssemblyRaymond J. Bergeron, Guo Wei Yao, Gregory W. Erdos, Sam Milstein, Fenglan Gao, William R. Weimar, and Otto Phanstiel IVCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 25, 6658–6665Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00130a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00130a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation and genetic modification of dendritic cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (2003)

We developed a method to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We cultured ES cells for 10 days on feeder cell layers of OP9, in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the latter 5 days. The resultant ES cell-derived cells were transferred to bacteriologic Petri dishes without feeder cells and further cultured. In about 7 days, irregularly shaped floating cells with protrusions appeared and these expressed major histocompatibility complex class II, CD11c, CD80, and CD86, with the capacity to stimulate primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and to process and present protein antigen to T cells. We designated them ES-DCs (ES cell-derived dendritic cells), and the functions of ES-DCs were comparable with those of DCs generated from bone marrow cells. Upon transfer to new dishes and stimulation with interleukin-4 plus tumor necrosis factor alpha, combined with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody or lipopolysaccharide, ES-DCs completely became mature DCs, characterized by a typical morphology and higher capacity to stimulate MLR. Using an expression vector containing the internal ribosomal entry site-puromycin N-acetyltransferase gene or a Cre-lox-mediated exchangeable gene-trap system, we could efficiently generate ES cell transfectants expressing the products of introduced genes after their differentiation to DCs. ES-DCs expressing invariant chain fused to a pigeon cytochrome C epitope presented the epitope efficiently in the context of E(k). We primed ovalbumin (OVA)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by injecting mice with ES-DCs expressing OVA, thus demonstrating immunization with ES-DCs genetically engineered to express antigenic protein. The methods may be applicable to immunomodulation therapy and gene-trap investigations of DCs.
Dysregulation of C/EBPα by mutant Huntingtin causes the urea cycle deficiency in Huntington's disease (2007)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. Using two mouse models of HD, we demonstrate that the urea cycle deficiency characterized by hyperammonemia, high blood citrulline and suppression of urea cycle enzymes is a prominent feature of HD. The resultant ammonia toxicity might exacerbate the neurological deficits of HD. Suppression of C/EBPalpha, a crucial transcription factor for the transcription of urea cycle enzymes, appears to mediate the urea cycle deficiency in HD. We found that in the presence of mutant Htt, C/EBPalpha loses its ability to interact with an important cofactor (CREB-binding protein). Moreover, mutant Htt recruited C/EBPalpha into aggregates, as well as suppressed expression of the C/EBPalpha gene. Consumption of protein-restricted diets not only led to the restoration of C/EBPalpha's activity, and repair of the urea cycle deficiency and hyperammonemia, but also ameliorated the formation of Htt aggregates, the motor deterioration, the suppression of striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the normalization of three protein chaperones (Hsp27, Hsp70 and Hsp90). Treatments aimed at repairing the urea cycle deficiency may provide a new strategy for dealing with HD.
Effect of Dietary trans Fatty Acids on High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Subjects (1990)

The effect of trans fatty acids on the serum lipoprotein profile is at least as unfavorable as that of the cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids, because they not only raise LDL cholesterol levels but also lower HDL cholesterol levels.
Induction of Cellular Immune Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Gag by Two Recombinant Negative-Strand RNA Virus Vectors (2004)

A recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein (rNDV/SIVgag) was generated. The rNDV/SIVgag virus induced Gag-specific cellular immune responses in mice, leading to a specific anti-Gag antiviral immunity. This was evidenced by the inhibition of growth of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing an identical Gag antigen (rVac/SIVgag) but not of wild-type vaccinia virus in rNDV/SIVgag-immunized mice. Among intravenous, intraperitoneal, or intranasal immunization routes, intranasal administration induced the strongest protective response against challenge with rVac/SIVgag. We further demonstrated that these immune responses were greatly enhanced after booster immunization with recombinant influenza viruses expressing immunogenic portions of SIV Gag. The magnitude of the protective immune response correlated with the levels of cellular immune responses to Gag, which were still evident 9 weeks after immunization. These results suggest that rNDV and influenza virus vectors are suitable candidate vaccines against AIDS as well as against other infectious diseases.
Status of the LHC superconducting cable mass production (2002)

Six contracts have been placed with industrial companies for the production of 1200 tons of the superconducting (SC) cables needed for the main dipoles and quadrupoles of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition, two contracts have been placed for the supply of 470 tons of NbTi and 26 tons of Nb sheets. The main characteristic of the specification is that it is functional. This means that the physical, mechanical and electrical properties of strands and cables are specified without defining the manufacturing processes. Facilities for the high precision measurements of the wire and cable properties have been implemented at CERN, such as strand and cable critical current, copper to superconductor ratio, interstrand resistance, magnetization, RRR at 4.2 K and 1.9 K. The production has started showing that the highly demanding specifications can be fulfilled. This paper reviews the organization of the contracts, the test facilities installed at CERN, the various types of measurements and the results of the main physical properties obtained on the first batches. The status of the deliveries is presented.
Quinidine as a resistance modulator of epirubicin in advanced breast cancer: mature results of a placebo-controlled randomized trial. (1994)

Quinidine at this dose does not significantly alter the toxicity profile, response rate, or survival after epirubicin chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. This may be due to ineffective modulation of P-glycoprotein by quinidine or the lack of expression of mdr-1 in a sufficient proportion of cells in these tumors, or alternative mechanisms underlying resistance to epirubicin.
12 Pheromone Response and Signal Transduction during the Mating Process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

I. INTRODUCTION As an alternative to vegetative (mitotic) proliferation, the two different haploid cell types ( a cells and α cells) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to conjugate (“mate”) to form diploids ( a /α cells). The mating process has supplied an experimental system with which to explore the genetic control of cell-type specification and developmental regulation in eukaryotic cells. The mating process has also allowed investigation of the biochemical basis of intercellular signaling and intracellular signal transduction because conjugation is triggered by the mutual exchange of diffusible peptide pheromones that act through cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, study of the mating process has permitted analysis of hormonal regulation of both gene transcription and cell cycle progression, events that lead to a pronounced (but transient) cellular differentiation. Since these subjects were last presented in this forum (Thorner 1981), remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular nature of the genes and gene products involved in controlling and mediating this developmental program. Consequently, numerous reviews of various aspects of mating in S. cerevisiae have appeared over the course of the last decade or so (Nasmyth 1982; Sprague et al. 1983a; Rine 1986; Nasmyth and Shore 1987; Cross et al. 1988; Herskowitz 1988, 1989; Marsh and Herskowitz 1988b; Yoshida et al. 1989; Fields 1990; Sprague 1990, 1991a; Blumer and Thorner 1991; Dolan and Fields 1991; Marsh et al. 1991; Rose 1991; Hirsch and Cross 1992; Lipke and Kurjan 1992; Kurjan 1992; Konopka and Fields 1992). Elsewhere in this series are summarized our current picture of...
Polymers in Mucoadhesive Drug-Delivery Systems: A Brief Note (2009)

Bioadhesion can be defined as the process by which a natural or a synthetic polymer can adhere to a biological substrate. When the biological substrate is a mucosal layer then the phenomena is known as mucoadhesion. The substrate possessing bioadhesive property can help in devising a delivery system capable of delivering a bioactive agent for a prolonged period of time at a specific delivery site. The current review provides a good insight on mucoadhesive polymers, the phenomenon of mucoadhesion and the factors which have the ability to affect the mucoadhesive properties of a polymer.
Liquidity , Trading Rules and Electronic Trading Systems . (1990)

trade policy ; stock market ; prices
Molecular remission of infant B-ALL after infusion of universal TALEN gene-edited CAR T cells (2017)

Autologous T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptor against the B cell antigen CD19 (CAR19) are achieving marked leukemic remissions in early-phase trials but can be difficult to manufacture, especially in infants or heavily treated patients. We generated universal CAR19 (UCART19) T cells by lentiviral transduction of non-human leukocyte antigen-matched donor cells and simultaneous transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene editing of T cell receptor α chain and CD52 gene loci. Two infants with relapsed refractory CD19<sup>+</sup> B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia received lymphodepleting chemotherapy and anti-CD52 serotherapy, followed by a single-dose infusion of UCART19 cells. Molecular remissions were achieved within 28 days in both infants, and UCART19 cells persisted until conditioning ahead of successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This bridge-to-transplantation strategy demonstrates the therapeutic potential of gene-editing technology.
Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (NRs) Using Seed-Mediated Growth Method (2003)

A method is used for preparing gold NRs with aspect ratios ranging from 1.5 to 10 for which the surface plasmon absorption maxima are between 600 and 1300 nm. This method has been adapted from a previously published seed-mediated growth method (Jana et al. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 1389). The disadvantages and limitations of the earlier method (i.e., formation of noncylindrical NRs, φ-shaped particles, and formation of a large fraction of spherical particles) have been overcome by use of a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped seed instead of a citrate-capped one. In a single-component surfactant system, the silver content of the growth solution was used to grow NRs to a desired length. This results in reproducible formation of NRs with aspect ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4.5. To grow longer NRs with aspect ratios ranging from 4.6 to 10, a binary surfactant mixture composed of benzyldimethylhexadecylammoniumchloride (BDAC) and CTAB was used. NRs are grown in this mixture either by aging or by addition of a growth solution suitable to shorter NRs. Effects of the silver ion and the cosurfactant along with the growth mechanism of NRs are discussed.
Serum biomarkers associated with baseline clinical severity in young steroid-naïve Duchenne muscular dystrophy boys (2020)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by loss of dystrophin in muscle, and while all patients share the primary gene and biochemical defect, there is considerable patient-patient variability in clinical symptoms. We sought to develop multivariate models of serum protein biomarkers that explained observed variation, using functional outcome measures as proxies for severity. Serum samples from 39 steroid-naïve DMD boys 4 to <7 years enrolled into a clinical trial of vamorolone were studied (NCT02760264). Four assessments of gross motor function were carried out for each participant over a 6-week interval, and their mean was used as response for biomarker models. Weighted correlation network analysis was used for unsupervised clustering of 1305 proteins quantified using SOMAscan® aptamer profiling to define highly representative and connected proteins. Multivariate models of biomarkers were obtained for time to stand performance (strength phenotype; 17 proteins) and 6 min walk performance (endurance phenotype; 17 proteins) including some shared proteins. Identified proteins were tested with associations of mRNA expression with histological severity of muscle from dystrophinopathy patients (n = 28) and normal controls (n = 6). Strong associations predictive of both clinical and histological severity were found for ERBB4 (reductions in both blood and muscle with increasing severity), SOD1 (reductions in muscle and increases in blood with increasing severity) and CNTF (decreased levels in blood and muscle with increasing severity). We show that performance of DMD boys was effectively modeled with serum proteins, proximal strength associated with growth and remodeling pathways and muscle endurance centered on TGFβ and fibrosis pathways in muscle.
An approach to natural gesture in virtual environments (1995)

This article presents research—an experiment and the resulting prototype—on a method for treating gestural input so that it can be used for multimodal applications, such as interacting with virtual environments. This method involves the capture and use of natural , empty-hand gestures that are made during conventional descriptive utterances. Users are allowed to gesture in a normal continuous manner, rather than being restricted to a small set of discrete gestural commands as in most other systems. The gestures are captured and analyzed into a higher-level description. This description can be used by an application-specific interpreter to understand the gestural input in its proper context. Having a gesture analyzer of this sort enables natural gesture input to any appropriate application.
Decrease of Gray Matter Volume in the Midbrain is Associated with Treatment Response in Medication-Overuse Headache: Possible Influence of Orbitofrontal Cortex (2013)

Patients with chronic daily headache and overuse of analgesics, triptans, or other acute headache compounds, are considered to suffer from medication-overuse headache (MOH). This implies that medication overuse is the cause of headache chronification. It remains a key question why only two-thirds of patients with chronic migraine-like headache and overuse of pain medication improve after detoxification, whereas the remainder continue to have chronic headache. In the present longitudinal MRI study, we used voxel-based morphometry to investigate gray matter changes related to medication withdrawal in a group of humans with MOH. As a main result, we found that only patients with significant clinical improvement showed a significant decrease of previously increased gray matter in the midbrain including periaqueductal gray matter and nucleus cuneiformis, whereas patients without improvement did not. Patients without treatment response had less gray matter in the orbitofrontal cortex. Another striking result is the correlation of treatment response with the amount of orbitofrontal gray matter. Thus, we demonstrate adaptive gray matter changes within the pain modulatory system in patients with MOH who responded to detoxification, probably reflecting neuronal plasticity. Decreased gray matter in the orbitofrontal cortex at baseline may be predictive of poor response to treatment.
Learning with Deep Photonic Neural Networks (2017)

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are computational models used in Machine Learning (ML), based on a large collection of connected simple units called artificial neurons, loosely analogous to axons in a biological brain. Most of the Neural Networks (NNs) work in classical architecture and a few hardware implementations with optical components have been proposed, which facilitates real-time parallel processing of massive data sets. While these Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) are faster and comparable in efficiency with the classical NNs, they lack in scalability and flexibility. We have proposed a scalable and reconfigurable photonic lattice based NN, similar to feedforward neural network, where photonic lattice represents the layer of the network. The superposition property of quantum computations allows photons to process massive data sets faster than electronic circuits. We explicitly tried to exploit quantum coherence for learning. Hardware implementations put restrictions on the weight space of photon as negative weights are not possible, therefore we have modified the Backpropagation algorithm for optimizing the weights of the network to manipulate the quantum states. The proposed architecture is theoretically scalable as any number of photonic lattice can be included and provides a platform to get benefit of photonic lattices with different properties. It can be used in understanding the learning behaviour of NNs in a constrained environment.
Local feature analysis: a general statistical theory for object representation (1996)

AbstractLow-dimensional representations of sensory signals are key to solving many of the computational problems encountered in high-level vision. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used in the past to derive practically useful compact representations for different classes of objects. One major objection to the applicability of PCA is that it invariably leads to global, non-topographic representations that are not amenable to further processing and are not biologically plausible. In this paper we present a new mathematical construction, local feature analysis (LFA), for deriving local topographic representations for any class of objects. The LFA representations are sparse-distributed and, hence, are effectively low-dimensional and retain all the advantages of the compact representations of the PCA. But, unlike the global eigenmodes, they give a description of objects in terms of statistically derived local features and their positions. We illustrate the theory by using it to extract local features for three ensembles: 2D images of faces without background, 3D surfaces of human heads, and finally 2D faces on a background. The resulting local representations have powerful applications in head segmentation and face recognition.
An interactive yield estimator as a VLSI CAD tool (2002)

The yield of a VLSI chip depends, among other factors, on the sensitivity of the chip to defects occurring during the fabrication process. To predict this sensitivity, one usually needs to compute the so-called critical area (A/sub c/) which reflects how many and how large the defects must be in order to result in a circuit failure. The main computational problem in yield estimation is to calculate A/sub c/ efficiently for complicated, irregular layouts. A novel approach is suggested for this problem that results in an algorithm to solve it efficiently. This algorithm is compared to other yield-prediction methods, which use either the Monte-Carlo approach (VLASIC) or a deterministic approach (SCA), and is shown to be faster. It also has the advantage that it can graphically show a detailed defect sensitivity map that can assist a physical designer in improving the yield of his/her layout.