gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of nocturnal blood pressure measurement on sleep and blood pressure during sleep. (1996)

Nocturnal hypertension is of diagnostic interest and has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Nighttime blood pressure can easily be measured using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). However, during nocturnal ambulatory blood pressure measurement pump noise, tactile stimuli and pressure produced by cuff inflation may alter the quality of sleep and subsequently influence the physiological fall of night time blood pressure. Eight studies were performed to determine whether non-invasive automated blood pressure monitoring during day and/or night provokes alert reaction, arousal, sleep disturbances and changes in blood pressure and/or heart rate. From these studies it can be concluded: 1) Nighttime blood pressure can be evaluated properly using ABPM. 2) Nocturnal blood pressure is not overestimated by ABPM. 3) ABPM does not induce an alarm reaction and a blood pressure rise when monitored with a silently operating recorder. 4) Sleep is often disturbed by blood pressure measurement without provoking a blood pressure increase. 5) In older patients blood pressure measurement and age-related alterations in sleep quality may influence each other. A patient's protocol has to be carried out and sleep quality should be recorded to provide a proper interpretation of nocturnal blood pressure behavior. ABPM is an important and valuable method to record nocturnal blood pressure for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals (2010)

Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy. As of 2005, over 3% of the total energy consumption in the United States was supplied by biomass, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy. Similarly, the European Union received 66.1% of its renewable energy from biomass, which thus surpassed the total combined contribution from hydropower, wind power, geothermal energy, and solar power. In addition to energy, the production of chemicals from biomass is also essential; indeed, the only renewable source of liquid transportation fuels is currently obtained from biomass.
Structures of the actaplanins (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of the actaplaninsAnn H. Hunt, Thomas K. Elzey, Kurt E. Merkel, and Manuel DebonoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 4, 641–645Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00178a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00178a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of prostaglandin G/H synthase. (1994)

Selective inhibition of the inducible isoform of prostaglandin G/H synthase (cyclooxygenase-2; COX2; EC 1.14.99.1) can be achieved with compounds of the general form of aryl methyl sulfonyls and aryl methyl sulfonamides. DuP 697 and NS-398 are representative examples of these compounds. Both inhibit the constitute (COX1) and inducible (COX2) isoforms of the enzyme with equal potency shortly after mixing, but their potencies increase with time for COX2 selectively. This time-dependent inhibition follows first-order kinetics, and the rate constant for inactivation of COX2 is dose dependent for both compounds. Kinetic analysis allows us to determine KI and kinact (the maximal rate of inactivation) for each inhibitor. The potency of both compounds is substrate concentration dependent, as expected for time-dependent competitive inhibitors. COX2 that has been incubated with these inhibitors, and then extensively dialyzed against buffer, shows no recovery of enzyme activity, while complete recovery of activity is seen for COX1. Thus, these inhibitors irreversibly inactivate COX2 with time, while showing minimal reversible inhibition of COX1. We isolated these inhibitors after long incubation with excess enzyme and subsequent denaturation of the enzyme. Both inhibitors showed no loss of potency resulting from interactions with COX2, suggesting that inhibition is not mediated by covalent modification of the enzyme. These data suggest that binding of these inhibitors to COX2 induces a slow structural transition of the enzyme that results in its selective inactivation.
Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation after excimer photorefractive keratectomy: A case report (1994)

We report the first case, to our knowledge, of phacoemulsification with lens implantation in a patient with previous photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Intraocular lens calculations were performed using manual and automated keratometry. The surgical and postoperative course were uneventful with a good visual outcome. Standard intraocular lens calculation and surgical technique appear to be successful for cataract extraction after photorefractive keratectomy.
Evidence for two distinct retinoic acid response pathways for HOXB1 gene regulation. (1995)

We have recently identified a promoter proximal retinoic acid (RA)-responsive site in the 5' region of the HOXB1 gene. In this report, we have identified the second RA-responsive site in the 3' region of the HOXB1 gene. This site also consists of a DR-2-type target of RA receptor.retinoid X receptor complex (DR-2B) and the binding site for a distinct RA-dependent coactivator termed retinoid-activating protein, which shows a different tissue-specific spectrum from the 5' responsive site. This indicates that the activation of the HOXB1 gene is achieved through two distinct pathways. These data define an unusual regulatory mechanism leading to the establishment of HOXB1 gene expression.
In Vitro and In Vivo Infection of Neural Cells by a Recombinant Measles Virus Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (2000)

This study focused on the in vitro infection of mouse and human neuroblastoma cells and the in vivo infection of the murine central nervous system with a recombinant measles virus. An undifferentiated mouse neuroblastoma cell line (TMN) was infected with the vaccine strain of measles virus (MVeGFP), which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). MVeGFP infected the cells, and cell-to-cell spread was studied by virtue of the resulting EGFP autofluorescence, using real-time confocal microscopy. Cells were differentiated to a neuronal phenotype, and extended processes, which interconnected the cells, were observed. It was also possible to infect the differentiated neuroblastoma cells (dTMN) with MVeGFP. Single autofluorescent EGFP-positive cells were selected at the earliest possible point in the infection, and the spread of EGFP autofluorescence was monitored. In this instance the virus used the interconnecting processes to spread from cell to cell. Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY-5Y) were also infected with MVeGFP. The virus infected these cells, and existing processes were used to initiate new foci of infection at distinct regions of the monolayer. Transgenic animals expressing CD46, a measles virus receptor, and lacking interferon type 1 receptor gene were infected intracerebrally with MVeGFP. A productive infection ensued, and the mice exhibited clinical signs of infection, such as ataxia and an awkward gait, identical to those previously observed for the parental virus (Edtag). Mice were sacrificed, and brain sections were examined for EGFP autofluorescence by confocal scanning laser microscopy over a period of 6 h. EGFP was detected in discrete focal regions of the brain and in processes, which extended deep into the parenchyma. Collectively, these results indicate (i) that MVeGFP can be used to monitor virus replication sensitively, in real time, in animal tissues, (ii) that infection of ependymal cells and neuroblasts provides a route by which measles virus can enter the central nervous system in mouse models of encephalitis, and (iii) that upon infection, the virus spreads transneuronally.
A droplet-based lab-on-a-chip for colorimetric detection of nitroaromatic explosives (2005)

Portable and automated field screening equipment would be very effective in detecting and quantifying explosives at various sites. A droplet-based microfluidic lab-on-a-chip utilizing electrowetting is presented for the colorimetric detection of TNT (trinitrotoluene). The method uses the reaction between nitroaromatics and a strong base which forms the highly colored Jackson-Meisenheimer complex. Microliter-sized droplets of TNT are programmed to transport, mix, and react with potassium hydroxide (KOH) on the microfluidic chip. Colorimetric reactions of TNT are characterized both on a spectrophotometer and on the microfluidic chip. The detection of TNT on the chip is linear in the range of 4-20 /spl mu/g/mL with a time-to-result of 2.5 minutes. It is also observed that the absorbance peaks of DNT (dinitrotoluene) and TNT are mutually independent and that the presence of DNT does not affect the detection of TNT. Electrowetting also does not seem to influence the colorimetric complex as observed from a comparison of results between a spectrophotometer and on-chip.
Analysing popular music: theory, method and practice (1982)

Popular music analysis-why? One of the initial problems for any new field of study is the attitude of incredulity it meets. The serious study of popular music is no exception to this rule. It is often confronted with an attitude of bemused suspicion implying that there is something weird about taking ‘fun’ seriously or finding ‘fun’ in ‘serious things’. Such attitudes are of considerable interest when discussing the aims and methods of popular music analysis and serve as an excellent introduction to this article.
Sharp v. Thomson: the SLC discussion paper (2002)

Background to Scottish Law Commission's paper, problems caused by floating charge and beneficial interest in HL case, including table of diligence and insolvency processes indicating size of problem, and proposals on reversing case.
Yahoo! for Amazon: Sentiment Extraction from Small Talk on the Web (2007)

Extracting sentiment from text is a hard semantic problem. We develop a methodology for extracting small investor sentiment from stock message boards. The algorithm comprises different classifier algorithms coupled together by a voting scheme. Accuracy levels are similar to widely used Bayes classifiers, but false positives are lower and sentiment accuracy higher. Time series and cross-sectional aggregation of message information improves the quality of the resultant sentiment index, particularly in the presence of slang and ambiguity. Empirical applications evidence a relationship with stock values—tech-sector postings are related to stock index levels, and to volumes and volatility. The algorithms may be used to assess the impact on investor opinion of management announcements, press releases, third-party news, and regulatory changes.
Search in the real world: Active visual object search based on spatial relations (2011)

Objects are integral to a robot's understanding of space. Various tasks such as semantic mapping, pick-and-carry missions or manipulation involve interaction with objects. Previous work in the field largely builds on the assumption that the object in question starts out within the ready sensory reach of the robot. In this work we aim to relax this assumption by providing the means to perform robust and large-scale active visual object search. Presenting spatial relations that describe topological relationships between objects, we then show how to use these to create potential search actions. We introduce a method for efficiently selecting search strategies given probabilities for those relations. Finally we perform experiments to verify the feasibility of our approach.
Increased Expression of Genes Converting Adrenal Androgens to Testosterone in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer (2006)

Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer, and most patients respond to androgen deprivation therapies, but they invariably relapse with a more aggressive prostate cancer that has been termed hormone refractory or androgen independent. To identify proteins that mediate this tumor progression, gene expression in 33 androgen-independent prostate cancer bone marrow metastases versus 22 laser capture-microdissected primary prostate cancers was compared using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays. Multiple genes associated with aggressive behavior were increased in the androgen-independent metastatic tumors (MMP9, CKS2, LRRC15, WNT5A, EZH2, E2F3, SDC1, SKP2, and BIRC5), whereas a candidate tumor suppressor gene (KLF6) was decreased. Consistent with castrate androgen levels, androgen-regulated genes were reduced 2- to 3-fold in the androgen-independent tumors. Nonetheless, they were still major transcripts in these tumors, indicating that there was partial reactivation of AR transcriptional activity. This was associated with increased expression of AR (5.8-fold) and multiple genes mediating androgen metabolism (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, SRD5A1, AKR1C2, AKR1C1, and UGT2B15). The increase in aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (AKR1C3), the prostatic enzyme that reduces adrenal androstenedione to testosterone, was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that enhanced intracellular conversion of adrenal androgens to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone is a mechanism by which prostate cancer cells adapt to androgen deprivation and suggest new therapeutic targets.
Evaluation of Demodex folliculorum as a risk factor for the diagnosis of rosacea in skin biopsies. Mexico′s general hospital (1975-2010) (2013)

The presence of D. folliculorum in skin biopsies is associated with the diagnosis of rosacea. The infestation density was increased among the patients with rosacea.
Atomic-level engineering of phase change material for novel fast-switching and high-endurance PCM for storage class memory application (2013)

Storage class memory (SCM) does not need long data retention (since the data are refreshed regularly) but has very stringent requirements on read/write speed and cycling endurance. Even though phase change memory (PCM) is a leading candidate currently no phase change material can satisfy both speed and endurance requirements. This is because although GST-225 is a fast switching material it suffers large volume change when melting thus limited cycling endurance. Attempts to improve the endurance so far must sacrifice switching speed. This work explores new phase change material by atomic-level engineering the doping to GST. The resulting new phase-change material has demonstrated fast switching speed of 20 ns, long endurance of 1G cycles and low reset current of 150 μA in a 128 Mb test chip. Its data retention passed 20 years-55°C criteria with failure rate lower than 10ppm.
Reversal of multidrug resistance by transferrin-conjugated liposomes co-encapsulating doxorubicin and verapamil. (2007)

The combination of TfR targeting and co-encapsulation of DOX and VER was highly effective in overcoming drug resistance in K562 leukemia cells.
Characterization of a protein inhibitor of extracellular proteases produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi (1989)

Erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic bacterium, produces a protease inhibitor which is a low-molecular-weight, heat-stable protein. In addition to its action on the three E. chrysanthemi extracellular proteases A, B and C, it also strongly inhibits the 50 kD extracellular protease of Serratia marcescens. Its structural gene (inh) was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, in which it encodes an active inhibitor which was purified. The nucleotide sequence of the inh gene shows an open reading frame of 114 condons. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified inhibitor was also determined. It indicated the existence of an amino-terminal signal peptide absent from the mature protein. The inhibitor is entirely periplasmic in E. chrysanthemi and partially periplasmic in E. coli.
Internally Controlled Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Adenovirus DNA Load in Serum or Plasma of Transplant Recipients (2005)

Adenoviruses have been recognized as important pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. Particularly in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, the morbidity of the patients and mortality in those patients with disseminated infections have been found to increase over the last few years. Severe infections are predominantly but not exclusively caused by subgroup C adenoviruses. A multiplex real-time PCR assay using molecular beacons as probes was developed to enable monitoring of adenovirus DNA in those patients with simultaneous identification of subgroups. An internal control was coamplified in the multiplex PCR to check for the DNA isolation procedure as well as the presence of inhibitors in the clinical samples. The assay has been applied retrospectively in patient groups with different clinical outcomes of infection. In fatal cases, significantly higher adenovirus loads developed, exceeding even 10(11) copies/ml of serum or plasma. Patients with viral loads over 10(6) copies/ml appear to have an increased risk for fatal complications. This quantitative real-time PCR assay has been prospectively used clinically since 2002 to study the course of adenovirus infection. In addition, the assay provides objective start and end points of therapeutic interventions, including the clinically important evaluation of antiviral drugs.
Irradiation uniformity of directly driven inertial confinement fusion targets in the context of the shock-ignition scheme (2011)

In direct drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) the uniformity of the irradiation of the capsule still represents a crucial issue. The quality of the capsule irradiation in the context of the shock-ignition (SI) scheme has been assessed numerically. Schemes characterized by different directions of irradiation associated with a single laser beam or a bundle of laser beams have been considered. Beam imperfections as power imbalance and pointing errors have been taken into account and show that the focal spot that minimizes the root-mean-square deviation depends on these beam imperfections. We discuss the advantages provided by laser facilities accounting for a large number (up to a few thousand) of beamlets. Preliminarily results concerning the use of the Laser-Megajoule facility associated with a SI scheme will be discussed.
Measurement of pH. Definition, standards, and procedures (IUPAC Recommendations 2002) (2002)

Abstract The definition of a “primary method of measurement ” has permitted a full consideration of the definition of primary standards for pH, determined by a primary method (cell without transference, Harned cell), of the definition of secondary standards by secondary methods, and of the question whether pH, as a conventional quantity, can be incorporated within the internationally accepted system of measurement, the International System of Units (SI, Système International d’ Unités). This approach has enabled resolution of the previous compromise IUPAC 1985 Recommendations [ Pure Appl. Chem. 57 , 531 (1985)]. Furthermore, incorporation of the uncertainties for the primary method, and for all subsequent measurements, permits the uncertainties for all procedures to be linked to the primary standards by an unbroken chain of comparisons. Thus, a rational choice can be made by the analyst of the appropriate procedure to achieve the target uncertainty of sample pH. Accordingly, this document explains IUPAC recommended definitions, procedures, and terminology relating to pH measurements in dilute aqueous solutions in the temperature range 5-50 °C. Details are given of the primary and secondary methods for measuring pH and the rationale for the assignment of pH values with appropriate uncertainties to selected primary and secondary substances.
Distributed algorithms for multicast path setup in data networks (2002)

Establishing a multicast tree in a point-to-point network of switch nodes, such as a wide-area ATM network, can be modeled as the NP-complete Steiner problem in networks. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate two distributed algorithms for finding multicast trees in point-to-point data networks. These algorithms are based on two centralized Steiner heuristics, the shortest path heuristic (SPH) and the Kruskal-based shortest path heuristic (K-SPH), and have the advantage that only the multicast members and nodes in the neighborhood of the multicast tree need to participate in the execution of the algorithm. We compare our algorithms by simulation against a baseline algorithm, the pruned minimum spanning-tree heuristic, which is the basis of many previously published algorithms for finding multicast trees. Our results show that the competitiveness (the ratio of the sum of the heuristic tree's edge weights to that of the best solution found) of both of our algorithms was on the average 25 percent better in comparison to those produced by the pruned spanning-tree approach. In addition, our algorithm's competitiveness in almost all cases was within 10 percent of the best solution found by any of the Steiner heuristics considered, including both centralized and distributed algorithms.
Synthesis of polyamine-linked bis-daunomycin hydrazones and their interaction with DNA. (1989)

A series of bis-anthracycline hydrazones were prepared, compounds 9, containing either two or three secondary amines in the linker chain as well as the corresponding acetyl (10), or benzoyl (11) protected derivatives. Compounds 9 could not be isolated in pure form as they decomposed during semi-preparative h.p.l.c. Compounds 10a-g and 11b were characterized by f.a.b. mass spectrometry. All compounds bis-intercalated into DNA as judged by viscometric lengthening of DNA and by decreased dissociation kinetics from DNA under conditions of SDS sequestration. The secondary amine containing derivatives (9) exhibited dissociation rates less than 10(-5) that of daunomycin. The apparent affinity of these compounds was so great that the dissociation constants could not be quantitated, and they were only liberated from DNA to monomeric species by a slow hydrolysis process of the hydrazone links. Protection of those derivatives containing two amines in the linker by acetyl (10) and benzoyl (11) groups, decreased the dissociation time constant to 490-2900 s (1400-8000 fold slower than daunomycin) with maximal DNA residence time corresponding to a linker length of 14 atoms (approximately 14 A). Addition of a third protected amine in the linker, compound 10g, enhanced the DNA residence time a further three-fold. In vitro inhibition of transcription analysis showed that all of the bis-anthracyclines exhibited a DNA sequence specificity for 5'-CpA-3' sites, with adjacent intercalation sites decreasing in the order CA greater than AC, TC greater than CT greater than GC, CG, CC, TA, and it is apparent that the presence of the basic amino functions in the bridging chain provides for greatly enhanced formation of the drug-DNA complex.