gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell elongation factor of Vibrio hollisae (1995)

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio hollisae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, produces an extracellular toxin which elongates Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We purified this toxin to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200, hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and affinity chromatography. The toxin is heat labile and sensitive to proteases, with an isoelectric point of about 6.5 and molecular weights of about 83,000 and 80,000, as estimated by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The toxin did not react with immunoaffinity-purified antibodies to cholera toxin in a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in a Western blot, and its activity could not be neutralized by anti-cholrea toxin serum. Mixed gangliosides and gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, Gq1b, GT1b, GD2, GD3, GM2, and GM3 failed to block its activity. Elongation of CHO cells induced by the toxin was not accompanied by an increase in the levels of cyclic AMP. The toxin induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice. These results and the lack of homology between V. hollisae DNA and DNA coding for cholera toxin or the heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli suggest that the V. hollisae toxin is structurally and functionally different from other CHO cell-elongating toxins.
Identification of immunosuppressive fractions from the rat submandibular salivary gland. (1992)

It had previously been suggested that the submandibular gland (SMG) of mice and rats may contain in vivo immunosuppressive factor(s). To identify such factor(s), we used a multi-step purification procedure of rat SMG extracts. Gel filtration chromatography of the SMG crude extract resulted in two pools of fractions with significant effects on lymphocyte reactivity in the in vitro concanavalin A (Con A) bioassay. Of these two pools, only the one with lower molecular weight resulted in the prolongation of murine skin allograft survival, the suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to picryl chloride and the decrease in number of direct (IgM) plaque-forming cells against sheep red blood cells. Fractionation of this low molecular weight (LMW) pool through hydrophobic interaction chromatography resulted in three protein fractions designated A, B and C. Of these fractions only fraction A produced significant suppression of the DTH response. Further purification of fraction A with anion exchange chromatography produced two fractions with immunosuppressive activity in the DTH response. One fraction demonstrated on SDS-PAGE a single component of 40,000 MW, while the other had two components of 30,000 and 40,000 MW respectively.
Recombinant aprotinin homologue with new inhibitory specificity for cathepsin G (1991)

The substitution of amino acids in the reactive site of aprotinin, a bovine serine proteinase inhibitor with potent activity against trypsin, plasmin and tissue kallikrein, led to a change in specificity of the inhibitor. Twelve new aprotinin variants prepared by recombinant DNA technology and expressed in Escherichia coli clearly demonstrated that the neighbouring groups of the P1 residue, in particular P'2, contribute to the specificity of the inhibitor, while earlier investigations on semisynthetically prepared variants revealed the importance of the P1 residue in dominating the inhibitory specificity. Recombinant aprotinin variants which act specifically against chymotrypsin-like proteinases, were obtained by substitution of the amino acids in position P1 and P'2 by hydrophobic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine and leucine. Some of these variants, particularly those with phenylalanine or leucine substitutions, were also found to exhibit inhibitory activity against cathepsin G with an equilibrium constant of dissociation Ki of 10(-8) M. Inhibitory specificity against cathepsin G was not found in any semisynthetic variant prepared earlier.
Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Thin Films with Nonmetallic Optical and Electronic Properties (1998)

Self-assembled multilayer thin films consisting of alternating layers of ∼6-nm Au nanoparticles and α,ω-dithiols have been prepared on glass substrates. They have been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, ellipsometry, scanning tunneling microscopy, and temperature-dependent conductivity measurements. The electronic and optical properties of the thin film material are nonmetallic, and the Au particles maintain their individual character without fusion to larger units. Electronic conduction within the films occurs via activated electron hopping.
Antiangiogenicity of docosahexaenoic acid and its role in the suppression of breast cancer cell growth in nude mice. (1999)

The addition of the omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 4%, to a 20% (wt/wt) fat diet containing 4% linoleic acid (LA, n-6 FA) partially suppressed the growth of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line as solid tumors in athymic nude mice. This reduced tumor growth was associated with significant inhibition of cell proliferation, as indicated by diminished Ki-67 nuclear proliferation marker expression, and an increase in TUNEL positive (apoptotic) cells (both p<0.001). The microvessel counts were also reduced in tumors from the DHA-supplemented dietary group of mice (p<0.001), and this suppression of angiogenesis was positively correlated with loss of Ki-67 expression. Tumor vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) concentrations were not reduced in the DHA-fed mice. It is postulated that the antiangiogenicity of DHA in this breast cancer model is related to our demonstrated inhibition of LA-derived prostaglandin E2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 15-HETE synthesis, reducing the paracrine stimulation by these known angiogenic eicosanoids on microvessel endothelial cells.
Breast, ovarian, and endometrial malignancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis (2011)

An increased lymphoma risk is well documented in systemic lupus (SLE). Less attention has been focused on women's cancers, even though SLE affects mostly females. Our objective was to estimate the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers in SLE, relative to the general population. Data were included from five recent studies of large SLE cohorts. The number of cancers observed was determined for each cancer type. The expected number of malignancies was ascertained from general population data. The parameter of interest was the standardised incidence ratio (SIR), the ratio of observed to expected malignancies. The five studies included 47 325 SLE patients (42 171 females) observed for 282 553 patient years. There were 376 breast cancers, 66 endometrial cancers, and 44 ovarian cancers. The total number of cancers observed was less than that expected, with SIRs of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.85) for breast cancer, 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.91) for endometrial cancer, and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.90) for ovarian cancer. Data strongly support a decreased risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers in SLE. This may be due to inherent differences in women in SLE (vs the general population) regarding endogenous oestrogen, other medications, and/or genetic make-up.
Rational Control of Viscoelastic Properties in Multicomponent Associative Polymer Networks (2005)

We report here the formation and dynamic mechanical properties of metallo-supramolecular networks formed by mixtures of bis-Pd(II) and Pt(II) cross-linkers with poly(4-vinylpyridine) in DMSO. Precise control over the dynamic mechanical properties of the bulk materials is achieved through the dissociation kinetics of the metal−ligand coordination bond responsible for cross-linking, the density of the cross-links, and the relative amounts of multiple cross-links. In networks formed from multiple types of cross-linkers, discrete contributions from each type of cross-linker are evident in the bulk mechanical properties, rather than an average of the contributing species. The heterogeneous rheology is consistent with simple models, to the extent that complex viscoelastic responses can be rationally engineered.
Patterns of DNA‐Labeled and scFv‐Antibody‐Carrying Lipid Vesicles Directed by Material‐Specific Immobilization of DNA and Supported Lipid Bilayer Formation on an Au/SiO2 Template (2003)

Spots before the eyes: A material-specific surface modification protocol was developed to allow surface-directed immobilization of DNA-labeled lipid vesicles. The potential of similarly immobilized vesicles to act as carriers for water-soluble or transmembrane proteins in, for example, protein-chip applications was demonstrated. The picture shows how fluorescent vesicles labeled with different DNA strands have been directed to one of two complementary-DNA-modified Au spots surrounded by an inert supported lipid bilayer on SiO2.
The Chemistry of NO ‐ and HNO ‐Producing Diazeniumdiolates (2010)

Abstract Although most diazeniumdiolates (R‐N(O)=NO − Na + ) are stable as solid salts, current interest in their chemistry stems from their ability to produce nitric oxide (NO), nitroxyl (HNO), and/or a mixture of NO and HNO upon decomposition in aqueous solution. Following a discussion concerning the synthesis of diazeniumdiolates, this chapter focuses on how the substituent (R) and experimental conditions influence decomposition chemistry and NO/HNO production. Representative applications of NO‐ and HNO‐producing diazeniumdiolates are also provided.
The specific interaction of Cibacron and related dyes with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and lactate dehydrogenase (1978)

1. Reactive Blue 2 (Cibacron Blue 3G-A) is a competitive inhibitor of bovine heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (K(i) 0.3mum). The K(i) increases with increasing temperature, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are not largely responsible for the binding of the dye. Another 25 sulphonated aromatic dyes are also competitive inhibitors of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (K(i) values in the range of 0.06-13.6mum). 2. These dyes (covalently linked to Dextran 40) inhibit bovine heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Reactive Blue 2 (covalently linked to Dextran 40) is a competitive inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase (K(i) 0.4mum). 3. Bovine heart cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is retained on a column of Reactive Blue 2-Sephacryl S-200 and can be eluted from the column by 3':5'-cyclic AMP. 4. A variety of the dyes (either free or covalently linked to Dextran 40) are competitive inhibitors of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase. 5. The effectiveness of a wide range of structurally dissimilar dyes as competitive inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase compromises proposals for the use of Reactive Blue 2 as a specific probe for the dinucleotide-binding structural domain present in many dehydrogenases and kinases. Detailed information of the various dyes used has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50089 (7 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.
Protein phosphatase 2A activates the proapoptotic function of BAD in interleukin- 3–dependent lymphoid cells by a mechanism requiring 14-3-3 dissociation (2001)

BAD is a proapoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of proteins, which play a major role in regulating apoptosis in cytokine-dependent hematopoietic cells. The function of BAD is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. Deprivation of survival factors induces BAD dephosphorylation, resulting in apoptosis. Serine-threonine phosphatase activity dephosphorylated BAD in interleukin-3-dependent FL5.12 lymphoid cells. Inhibition of PP2A activity by treatment of cells with PP2A-selective inhibitors, okadaic acid and fostriecin, prevented BAD dephosphorylation in these cells. Conversely, BAD dephosphorylation was not inhibited by the PP1-selective inhibitor tautomycin. In cell-free extracts, BAD phosphatase activity was also inhibited by the PP2A-selective inhibitors okadaic acid and fostriecin, but not by the PP1-specific protein inhibitor I-2. Dissociation of 14-3-3 from BAD was a prerequisite for BAD dephosphorylation in vitro, suggesting a mechanism by which 14-3-3 can regulate the activation of the proapoptotic function of BAD in vivo. Significantly, the inhibition of BAD phosphatase activity rescued cell death induced by survival factor withdrawal in FL5.12 cells expressing wild-type BAD but not phosphorylation-defective mutant BAD. These data indicate that PP2A, or a PP2A-like enzyme, dephosphorylates BAD and, in conjunction with 14-3-3, modulates cytokine-mediated survival.
Guiding Movement by Coupling Taus (1998)

Studies of sensory guidance of movement in animals show that large nervous systems are not necessary for accurate control, suggesting that guidance may be based on some simple principles. In search for those principles, a theory of guidance of movement is described, which has its roots in Gibson's pathfinding work on visual control of locomotion (J. J. Gibson, 1958/this issue). The theory is based on the use of the simple but powerful variable tau, the time-to-closure of a gap at the current gap closure rate (whatever the gap's dimension—distance, angle, force, etc.); and on the principle of tau-coupling (keeping two Ts in constant ratio). In this article, I show how tau-coupling could be used to synchronize movements and regulate their kinematics. Supportive experimental results are reported. I also show theoretically how sensory-taus, defined on sensory input arrays, can specify motion-taus through tau-coupling; how the braking procedure of keeping tau.dot stable is a particular case of tau.coupling; and how tools for steering (e.g., limbs, whole bodies, cars, or aircraft) could be built from tau-couplings, which would enable steering control in a variety of situations, including steering straight and curved courses to goals, steering and controlling speed at the same time, steering around obstacles, and asymptoting on surfaces as when landing. Some movements also involve intrinsic guidance from within, and a hypothesis on intrinsic guidance by tau is introduced, supported by experiments spanning different activities.
The Lincoln TX-2 computer development (1957)

The TX-2 is the newest member of a growing family of experimental computers designed and constructed at the Lincoln Laboratory of M.I.T. as part of the Lincoln program for the study and development of large-scale, digital computer systems suitable for control in real time. Although, in general characteristics and design philosophy, it owes a great deal to its predecessors, Whirlwind I and the Memory Test Computer, the Lincoln TX-2 incorporates several new developments in components and circuits, memories, and logical organization. It is the purpose of this paper to summarize these new features and to give some idea of the historical development and general design objectives of the TX-2 program. Fig. 1 shows TX-2 in its present development stage.
Tools and methodologies for low power design (1997)

Designing for low power has becomeincreasingly important in a wide variety ofapplications, including wireless telephony, mobilecomputing, high performance computing, and highspeed networking. Despite reductions in powersupply voltages, power consumption continues to riseand demands increased support from EDA tools andmethodologies. Various tools have emerged toaddress different levels of the power problem, yetconventional methodologies often focus on the lowleverage aspects. This paper will survey existingcommercial tools used in low power design andpresent them in the context of an architecture focusedlow power design methodology.
Organ formation caused by nucleic acid from different class.--Urodele DNA mediated balancer formation in goldfish. (1977)

DNA was isolated from visceral organs of urodele and injected into fertilized eggs of goldfish. Approximately 1% of the young fish developed one balancer. From gross and microscopical structures, site of development, and nature of absorption, it resembles the balancer of urodelian species.
Exchanging Faces in Images (2004)

Abstract Pasting somebody's face into an existing image with traditional photo retouching and digital image processing tools has only been possible if both images show the face from the same viewpoint and with the same illumination. However, this is rarely the case for given pairs of images. We present a system that exchanges faces across large differences in viewpoint and illumination. It is based on an algorithm that estimates 3D shape and texture along with all relevant scene parameters, such as pose and lighting, from single images. Manual interaction is reduced to clicking on a set of about 7 feature points, and marking the hairline in the target image. The system can be used for image processing, virtual try‐on of hairstyles, and face recognition. By separating face identity from imaging conditions, our approach provides an abstract representation of images and a novel, high‐level tool for image manipulation. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Animation
Discrete TCR Repertoires and CDR3 Features Distinguish Effector and Foxp3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Induced Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (2010)

Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) expressing the Foxp3 transcription factor are critical modulators of autoimmunity. Foxp3(+) Tregs may develop in the thymus as a population distinct from conventional Foxp3(-) αβ T cells (Tconvs). Alternatively, plasticity in Foxp3 expression may allow for the interconversion of mature Tregs and Tconvs. We examined >160,000 TCR sequences from Foxp3(+) or Foxp3(-) populations in the spleens or CNS of wild-type mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to determine their relatedness and identify distinguishing TCR features. Our results indicate that the CNS-infiltrating Tregs and Tconvs arise predominantly from distinct sources. The repertoires of CNS Treg or Tconv TCRs showed limited overlap with heterologous populations in both the CNS and the spleen, indicating that they are largely unrelated. Indeed, Treg and Tconv TCRs in the CNS were significantly less related than those populations in the spleen. In contrast, CNS Treg and Tconv repertoires strongly intersected those of the homologous cell type in the spleen. High-frequency sequences more likely to be disease associated showed similar results, and some public TCRs demonstrated Treg- or Tconv-specific motifs. Different charge characteristics and amino acid use preferences were identified in the CDR3β of Tregs and Tconvs infiltrating the CNS, further indicating that their repertoires are qualitatively distinct. Therefore, discrete populations of Tregs and Tconvs that do not substantially interconvert respond during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Differences in sequence and physical characteristics distinguish Treg and Tconv TCRs and imply dissimilar Ag recognition properties.
Kondo Effect in Electromigrated Gold Break Junctions (2005)

We present gate-dependent transport measurements of Kondo impurities in bare gold break junctions, generated with high yield using an electromigration process that is actively controlled. Thirty percent of measured devices show zero-bias conductance peaks. Temperature dependence suggests Kondo temperatures approximately 7 K. The peak splitting in magnetic field is consistent with theoretical predictions for g = 2, though in many devices the splitting is offset from 2g mu(B)B by a fixed energy. The Kondo resonances observed here may be due to atomic-scale metallic grains formed during electromigration.
Vidian nerve resection in chronic hypertrophic non allergic rhinitis: effects on histamine content, number and rate of degranulation processes of mast cells in nasal mucosa. (1985)

The effects of Vidian nerve resection on the histamine content, number and rate of degranulation processes of mast cells in the respiratory tract of the nasal mucosa in patients with intractable chronic hypertrophic non-allergic rhinitis (CHNAR) have been investigated at various times after surgery. Preliminary data are also presented on the effects of Vidian nerve stimulation on the same parameters. The Vidian nerve was stimulated during surgery before resection. After neurotomy the histamine content was significantly lower than before but the values became less low with the passing of time. The number of mast cells per microscopic field and their degranulation index were significantly lower after surgery than before it. Stimulation determines a significant reduction in the number of mast cells per microscopic field and a parallel reduction in histamine content. These data establish a relationship between cholinergic activity and secretory response of mast cells and demonstrate a role of the parasympathetic nerve supply in the pathogenesis of CHNAR. The great reduction in the number of mast cells and histamine content also suggests that the parasympathetic nerve supply could play a role in the regulation of histamine synthesis and uptake.
HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 Genetic Markers and Clinical Presentation in Celiac Disease (2002)

The genetic markers investigated may prove useful for diagnosing and managing celiac disease. With some clinical variables, correlations not previously described were found. These correlations have a moderate strength and, therefore, must be confirmed by other studies.
Better manage your human capital (2006)

In Brief Employees are assets. You can enhance staff value through investment…and as employee value increases, so does your organization’s capacity.
Towards endothelial-cell-directed cancer immunotherapy: in vitro expression of human recombinant cytokine genes by human and mouse primary endothelial cells. (1996)

Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of cytokine gene transfer to enhance the antitumor activities of host immune cells. Endothelial cells forming the vascular supply of tumors may be useful vehicles for the delivery of cytokine molecules in order to effect tumor immunotherapy. In order to determine whether primary endothelial cells can express cytokine transgenes efficiently, we constructed two retroviral vectors containing a cDNA encoding either recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) or recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2), called LNCIL-1 alpha and LNCIL-2 respectively, and studied the expression of the two cytokines in vitro in non-immortalized endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) transduced with LNCIL-1 alpha or LNCIL-2 secreted 1.8-33 ng/10(6) cells/24 h and 40-246.7 ng/10(6) cells/24 h of biological active rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-2 respectively. Mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MMEC) transduced with LNCIL-1 alpha and LNCIL-2 secreted 1.5 ng/10(6) cells/24 h and 5.8-24.7 ng/10(6) of biologically active rhIL-1 alpha and rhIL-2 proteins respectively. Cocultivation of HUVEC/IL-2 and MMEC/IL-2 with normal human bone marrow cells generated potent cytotoxic activity against K562, Daudi and other cell targets in a 51Cr-release assay. While IL-2 transgene-expressing HUVEC and MMEC retained their normal morphology, rhIL-1 alpha transgene expression inhibited the growth and altered the morphology of both HUVEC and MMEC in culture. The cytokine-gene-transduced endothelial cells retained other endothelial cell features, including uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and expression of von Willebrand factor, and were euploid as shown by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate that endothelial cells, by sustaining the production of biologically active rhIL-2 at levels that are sufficient for the activation of potent cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, may be useful agents for cancer gene therapy.