gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplemental effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis fmbJ on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens (2016)

This study aimed to investigate the supplemental effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis fmbJ (BS fmbJ) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 4 treatments and raised for 6 wk. Each treatment had 6 replicate pens with ten birds per replicate. Birds in the control group (CON) were fed diets without BS fmbJ and antibiotics. The BS groups were fed the basal diets with BS fmbJ at 2 × 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/kg (BS-1 group), BS fmbJ at 3 × 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/kg (BS-2 group), BS fmbJ at 4 × 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/kg (BS-3 group) without antibiotics for 42 d. In the study, dietary supplementation with BS fmbJ significantly improved (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers from 21 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d. At 42 d, the final body weight was increased (P < 0.05) in BS-2 group compared with that in CON. Dietary BS fmbJ significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum IgA and IgG concentrations of broilers after 42 days raising. The glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of serum and liver were increased (P < 0.05), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) contents in serum and liver were decreased (P < 0.05) by BS fmbJ added into the broiler diets. Dietary supplementation with BS fmbJ significantly decreased (P < 0.05) reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in liver mitochondria of broilers. Additionally, the expression of antioxidant enzyme gene including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were improved (P < 0.05) by BS fmbJ added into the broiler diets. Among measuring items of chicken breast meat quality, the drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, L*<sub>24 h</sub>, a*<sub>24 h,</sub> b*<sub>45 min,</sub> and b*<sub>24 h</sub> values were influenced (P < 0.05) by BS fmbJ provided in the diet. Based on these results, Bacillus subtilis fmbJ could be acted as a beneficial feed additive with antioxidant capacity in broiler diets.
Concise encyclopedia biology (1996)

Over 7,000 entries cover the major subjects of biochemistry, botany, ecology, ethology, genetics, molecular biology, paleontology, physiology, and zoology.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases p110α and p110β Regulate Cell Cycle Entry, Exhibiting Distinct Activation Kinetics in G1 Phase (2008)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an early signaling molecule that regulates cell growth and cell cycle entry. PI3K is activated immediately after growth factor receptor stimulation (at the G(0)/G(1) transition) and again in late G(1). The two ubiquitous PI3K isoforms (p110alpha and p110beta) are essential during embryonic development and are thought to control cell division. Nonetheless, it is presently unknown at which point each is activated during the cell cycle and whether or not they both control S-phase entry. We found that p110alpha was activated first in G(0)/G(1), followed by a minor p110beta activity peak. In late G(1), p110alpha activation preceded that of p110beta, which showed the maximum activity at this time. p110beta activation required Ras activity, whereas p110alpha was first activated by tyrosine kinases and then further induced by active Ras. Interference with p110alpha and -beta activity diminished the activation of downstream effectors with different kinetics, with a selective action of p110alpha in blocking early G(1) events. We show that inhibition of either p110alpha or p110beta reduced cell cycle entry. These results reveal that PI3Kalpha and -beta present distinct activation requirements and kinetics in G(1) phase, with a selective action of PI3Kalpha at the G(0)/G(1) phase transition. Nevertheless, PI3Kalpha and -beta both regulate S-phase entry.
The Reductive Half-reaction of Xanthine Oxidase (1996)

The pH dependence and solvent isotope sensitivity of three discrete steps in the reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase have been investigated. The pH dependence of both kcat/Km from steady-state experiments and kred/Kdfrom rapid reaction experiments with xanthine as substrate indicate that enzyme reacts preferentially with the neutral form of substrate and that an ionizable group in the active site having a pKa of approximately 6.6 must be unprotonated for reaction to take place. The solvent kinetic isotope effect on kred/Kd is 2.4, once a uniform shift on going to D2O of approximately 1 unit for both pKa values is taken into account. The pH dependence of the formation and decay of Ered-P formed in the course the reaction of xanthine oxidase with lumazine has also been examined. Formation of this complex exhibits bell-shaped pH dependence, with pKa values of 6.5 and 7.8, consistent with the results obtained with xanthine. Decay of the Ered-P complex is base-catalyzed with a pKa > 11 and exhibits a small solvent kinetic isotope effect of 1.7 at pH/D 8.5. By contrast, the catalytic intermediate giving rise to the "very rapid" EPR signal that is transiently observed in the course of the reaction of enzyme with the substrate 2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine is found to undergo acid-catalyzed breakdown with an associated pKa < 6. Formation and decay of this species exhibit solvent kinetic isotope effects of 2.0 and 3.5 at pH 10. The results are discussed in the context of a specific reaction mechanism for the reductive half-reaction of xanthine oxidase, in which discrete ionizations associated with the molybdenum center of the active site play critical roles in determining the magnitude of the rate constants by which the Mo(IV)-P and Mo(V)-P intermediates form and decay.
Ursolic acid inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 transcription in human mammary epithelial cells. (2000)

We investigated the effects of ursolic acid, a chemopreventive agent, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated human mammary and oral epithelial cells. Treatment with ursolic acid suppressed PMA-mediated induction of COX-2 protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Ursolic acid also suppressed the induction of COX-2 mRNA by PMA. Nuclear run-offs revealed increased rates of COX-2 transcription after treatment with PMA, an effect that was inhibited by ursolic acid. Transient transfections indicated that the effects of PMA were mediated by a cyclic AMP response element in the COX-2 promoter. Ursolic acid inhibited PMA-mediated activation of protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment with PMA increased activator protein-1 activity and the binding of c-Jun to the cyclic AMP response element of the COX-2 promoter, effects that were blocked by ursolic acid. These data are important for understanding the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of ursolic acid.
Growth inhibition of human melanoma cells in nude mice by antisense strategies to the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. (1994)

The growth of human melanoma cells FO-1 in nude mice is strongly inhibited or even abrogated when the cells are stably transfected with a plasmid expressing an antisense RNA to the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) RNA, which causes a marked reduction in the number of IGF-1 receptors. When a tumor arises after a long delay in nude mice, it can be shown that the tumor cells have lost the expression plasmid and that the number of IGF-1 receptors has returned to wild-type levels. The antisense effect is even more remarkable, since the growth of FO-1 melanoma cells in monolayers is not affected by the expression of the antisense RNA. Inhibition of tumorigenesis was also evident when FO-1 melanoma cells were treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to the IGF-1R RNA prior to injection into nude mice. These results confirm in human cells that the IGF-1R plays a dominant role in transformation and tumorigenesis and that its effect on tumorigenesis is more profound than its effect on mitogenesis.
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Reduces Microvascular Permeability and Tissue Oedema during Exercise in Cat Skeletal Muscle (2003)

Based on a proposed increase in the release of the vasodilators nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin during exercise, and the fact that these substances have vascular permeability-reducing properties, this study was designed to evaluate (1) possible effects of exercise on hydraulic permeability, (2) whether permeability and muscle swelling are reduced by an increased release of NO and prostacyclin during exercise and (3) whether NO and prostacyclin are involved in exercise hyperaemia. The study was performed on an autoperfused cat calf muscle preparation with ligated lymph vessels, and exercise was induced by somatomotor nerve stimulation. Change in microvascular hydraulic permeability was estimated by a capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) technique. We found that the marked muscle volume increase after the start of the exercise gradually decreased, reaching an isovolumetric state within 25 min where CFC had decreased by about 25% (p < 0.05). CFC recovered completely after exercise was stopped. The decrease in CFC was abolished during blockade of endogenous NO by the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, but was preserved during blockade of endogenous prostacyclin by tranylcypromine. The muscle volume increase during exercise was about 60% greater with L-NAME than during vehicle or tranylcypromine (p < 0.01). Neither L-NAME nor tranylcypromine had any effect on exercise hyperaemia. We conclude that microvascular hydraulic permeability is reduced during exercise, that this effect reduces exercise-induced muscle swelling, and that the effects are mediated via release of NO. NO and prostacyclin are not involved in exercise hyperaemia.
Robust Brightness Measurement and Exposure Control in Real-Time Video Recording (2010)

The auto exposure control (AEC) system in a video camera selects the suitable aperture size, gain setting, and exposure time such that the exposure best fits the scene brightness. Although a few approaches to AEC have been proposed, most of them lack smart mechanisms to quickly estimate the right exposure when users suddenly change the scene. The problem becomes more serious when some regions in the captured video frame are overexposed or underexposed. In this paper, we propose a robust AEC approach to real-time video recording. The proposed system consists of a well-designed control flow as well as some heuristic rules to scene brightness measurement and exposure adjustment. To get a more accurate estimation on scene brightness, the system adaptively selects suitable sensor operational modes. The proposed auto exposure also includes mechanisms to detect occasional moving objects and the flicker of the fluorescent light. Experimental results proved that the proposed AEC system has good performance under various conditions, and it helps to improve the recorded video quality.
JUDGMENT AND CAUSAL INFERENCE: CRITERIA IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES (1977)

JUDGMENT AND CAUSAL INFERENCE: CRITERIA IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES Get access MERVYN SUSSER MERVYN SUSSER Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health600 W. 168th. St., New York, NY 10032 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 105, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112349 Published: 01 January 1977
Benefits and risks of folic acid to the nervous system (2002)

During three decades of neurological practice I have witnessed a remarkable change in attitudes to the benefits and risks of folic acid therapy in nervous system disorders. In the 1960s all that was known and taught was that folic acid was harmful to the nervous system, especially in precipitating or exacerbating the neurological complications of vitamin B12 deficiency. So deeply held was this view that the possibility of neuropsychological benefits from this vitamin was initially viewed with considerable scepticism.
Identification of two human sperm populations using flow and image cytometry (1994)

Flow cytometric studies of human sperm from fertile men display a constant and characteristic bimodal nonartifactual DNA pattern confirming the existence of two distinct populations. The main population is represented by a peak followed by a shoulder ("marginal population"). The appearance of this marginal population fluctuates with either freezing and thawing or with Percoll gradient centrifugation. We have analyzed both the main and marginal sperm populations by flow cytometry after cell sorting, laser scanning cytometry, light microscopic evaluation, and their sensitivity to DNase digestion. We have observed that the marginal population detected in fertile men represents a sperm group altered in the nuclear condensation, yielding unstable chromatin which appears more stainable with propidium iodide.
Clinical and Cytologic Aspects of Ocular Late-Phase Reaction in the Guinea Pig (1992)

Conjunctival tissue of 12 guinea pigs (6 experimental animals, 6 controls) was sensitized with IgG1 (PCA titer 1:2,000) antisera to dinitrophenol carrier and challenged topically with hapten. Periorbital swelling, conjunctival edema and conjunctival redness were evaluated clinically at 0.5 h and hourly for 12 h, and again at 24 and 48 h. Tears were collected at each time point for cytology. Results showed an early-phase reaction (EPR) peaking at 0.5 h and a late-phase reaction (LPR) peaking at 5-7 h. Periorbital swelling was minimal 4 h after appearance of the EPR. Conjunctival edema and redness increased in both the early and late phases, but without two distinct peaks. However, individual animals in both groups did show biphasic reactions. Tear cytology showed an abnormal increase in neutrophils and eosinophils in the later time periods and was a significant way to detect ocular anaphylaxis. In conclusion, if the presence of two significant peaks of clinical inflammation after one antigen challenge is taken as the narrowest definition of a late phase in anaphylaxis, our results show an ocular LPR occurring in our animal model.
Serine proteases and protease-activated receptor 2-dependent allodynia: A novel cancer pain pathway (2010)

Mediators involved in the generation of pain in patients with cancer are poorly understood. Using a combined molecular, pharmacologic, behavioral, and genetic approach, we have identified a novel mechanism of cancer-dependent allodynia induced by protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). Here we show that human head and neck carcinoma cells have increased levels of proteolytic activity compared to normal human cell controls. Supernatant from human carcinoma cells, but not controls, caused marked and prolonged mechanical allodynia in mice, when administered into the hindpaw. This nociceptive effect was abolished by serine protease inhibition, diminished by mast cell depletion and absent in PAR2-deficient mice. In addition, non-contact co-culture of trigeminal ganglion neurons with human head and neck carcinoma cells increased the proportion of neurons that exhibited PAR2-immunoreactivity. Our results point to a direct role for serine proteases and their receptor in the pathogenesis of cancer pain. This previously unrecognized cancer pain pathway has important therapeutic implications wherein serine protease inhibitors and PAR2 antagonists may be useful for the treatment of cancer pain.
Immunogenicity of FourPlasmodium falciparumPreerythrocytic Antigens inAotus lemurinusMonkeys (1998)

Aotus lemurinus monkeys were immunized with pools of either lipid-tailed peptides injected in PBS or peptides in Montanide ISA-51, all derived from four Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens, namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP. These formulations were well tolerated. Their immunogenicity was demonstrated by the induction of both B- and T-cell responses to most of the peptides studied (of the 12, 10 induced antibody production, 9 induced T-cell proliferative responses, and all 12 induced gamma interferon secretion). Immune responses proved to be long lasting, since some were still detectable 210 days after immunization. Of particular importance is the fact that B- and T-cell responses elicited in this way by synthetic peptides were specific for native parasite proteins on P. falciparum sporozoites and liver stage parasites.
A dc non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma microjet (2012)

A direct current (dc), non-thermal, atmospheric-pressure plasma microjet is generated with helium/oxygen gas mixture as working gas. The electrical property is characterized as a function of the oxygen concentration and show distinctive regions of operation. Side-on images of the jet were taken to analyze the mode of operation as well as the jet length. A self-pulsed mode is observed before the transition of the discharge to normal glow mode. Optical emission spectroscopy is employed from both end-on and side-on along the jet to analyze the reactive species generated in the plasma. Line emissions from atomic oxygen (at 777.4 nm) and helium (at 706.5 nm) were studied with respect to the oxygen volume percentage in the working gas, flow rate and discharge current. Optical emission intensities of Cu and OH are found to depend heavily on the oxygen concentration in the working gas. Ozone concentration measured in a semi-confined zone in front of the plasma jet is found to be from tens to ∼120 ppm. The results presented here demonstrate potential pathways for the adjustment and tuning of various plasma parameters such as reactive species selectivity and quantities or even ultraviolet emission intensities manipulation in an atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma source. The possibilities of fine tuning these plasma species allows for enhanced applications in health and medical related areas.
Experimental Infection of Chimpanzees with Hepatitis G Virus and Genetic Analysis of the Virus (1998)

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) was transmitted to 2 chimpanzees by inoculation with human plasma containing approximately 10(8) genome equivalents (GE) of HGV. The infection was characterized by the late appearance (weeks 10 and 11 after inoculation [pi]) of viremia that persisted throughout the 120-week follow-up. Serum HGV titer increased steadily until it plateaued at 10(6)-10(7) GE/mL. However, despite this relatively high titer, neither of the chimpanzees developed hepatitis. The sequence of the viral genome, recovered from each chimpanzee at week 77 pi, differed from that of the inoculum by 5 nt (2 aa) and 27 nt (2 aa). Two more chimpanzees were inoculated with a first-passage plasma pool. The chimpanzee inoculated with approximately 10(6.7) GE of HGV had viremia at week 1 pi. However, the viral titer increased with the same kinetics as observed in the first passage. The second chimpanzee inoculated with approximately 10(4.7) GE of HGV had late appearance (week 7 pi) of viremia.
Reduction of Neutrophil-mediated Injury to Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Dapsone (1985)

The presence of activated neutrophils in the alveolar structures is thought to contribute to parenchymal cell injury in various acute and chronic lung disorders. This study indicates that dapsone (30 micrograms/ml), an agent with anti-inflammatory properties, can significantly reduce neutrophil-mediated injury to 51Cr-labeled bovine pulmonary artery endothelial (BPAE) cells with a reduction in the injury (expressed as a cytotoxic index) from 65 +/- 3 to 33 +/- 3 (p less than 0.001). Dapsone was unable to protect 51Cr-labeled BPAE cells injured by the chemical generation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or neutrophil-derived, myeloperoxidase-dependent hypohalite ion. In contrast, dapsone significantly inhibited the respiratory burst of the neutrophil, with a reduction in the generation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and conversion of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan (p less than 0.01, all comparisons). Thus, dapsone appears to protect lung parenchymal cells such as endothelial cells from neutrophil-mediated injury by directly inhibiting the respiratory burst of the neutrophil, with a consequent diminution in the generation of toxic, oxygen-derived radicals.
Novel mutation in the FGFR2 gene at the same codon as the Crouzon syndrome mutations in a severe Pfeiffer syndrome type 2 case (1998)

We have studied an infant with cloverleaf skull, proptosis, radioulnar synostosis and broad thumbs and great toes diagnosed as Pfeiffer syndrome type 2. However, there were many overlapping findings with Antley-Bixler syndrome. The patient was found to have a G to T mutation in codon 290 exon 7 of the FGFR2 gene leading to a substitution of a cys for the normal trp at this locus. This is the third mutation characterized at this codon; therefore, this locus appears to be a mutational hotspot in the gene. However, the other known mutations lead to a milder, Crouzon-like phenotype. The introduction of an additional cys into a region characterized by immunoglobulin-type loops maintained by cys S-S crosslinking may provide an explanation for the severity of the clinical findings of this child.
Anti-A60 immunoglobulin G in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive and seronegative patients (1994)

Among patients with pulmonary TB, the sensitivity of testing for anti-A60 IgG was much lower among HIV-seropositive than among HIV-seronegative patients, even from the early stages of HIV-related immunodeficiency. This limits the utility of anti-A60 IgG-antibody testing in the diagnosis of TB among HIV-infected patients.
Precipitation−Redispersion of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Poly(acrylic acid):  Toward Stable Dispersions (2005)

We exploit a precipitation-redispersion mechanism for complexation of short chain polyelectrolytes with cerium oxide nanoparticles to extend their stability ranges. As synthesized, cerium oxide sols at pH 1.4 consist of monodisperse cationic nanocrystalline particles having a hydrodynamic diameter of 10 nm and a molecular weight of 400 000 g mol(-1). We show that short chain uncharged poly(acrylic acid) at low pH when added to a cerium oxide sols leads to macroscopic precipitation. As the pH is increased, the solution spontaneously redisperses into a clear solution of single particles with an anionic poly(acrylic acid) corona. The structure and dynamics of cerium oxide nanosols and their hybrid polymer-inorganic complexes in solution are investigated by static and dynamic light scattering, X-ray scattering, and chemical analysis. Quantitative analysis of the redispersed sol gives rise to an estimate of 40-50 polymer chains per particle for stable suspension. This amount represents 20% of the mass of the polymer-nanoparticle complexes. This complexation adds utility to the otherwise unstable cerium oxide dispersions by extending the range of stability of the sols in terms of pH, ionic strength, and concentration.
Characterization of the NHA1 gene encoding a Na+/H+‐antiporter of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The NHA1 gene (2958 nt) encoding a putative Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (986 aa) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by selection based on increased NaCl tolerance. The putative protein is highly similar to sodium/proton antiporters from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (gene sod2), and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (gene Z-SOD2). Overexpression of the NHA1 gene results in higher and partially pH-dependent tolerance to sodium and lithium; its disruption leads to an increased sensitivity towards these ions.