gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Identification for Heavy-Truck Stability Control (1996)

SUMMARY In this paper a new procedure is proposed to predict the vehicle behaviour when the vehicle is approaching to some critical point (roll-over, jackknifing). The on-board computer automatically identifies some of the vehicle's parameters, and runs the vehicle model getting the information from the sensors installed on the vehicle. When the vehicle approaching to some stability limit the safety system is activated. An adaptive linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller is calculated at each time step of the identification phase as an estimate of the plant parameters from which the parameters of the LQG controller are updated. Meanwhile the parameters of the controller are modified in order to get an adaptive robust controller with the attractive properties of the linear quadratic (LQ) controller in such a way that loop transfer recovery (LTR) of the original state feedback is achieved.
Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA after cellular exposure to ionizing radiation. (1989)

We report that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA is increased after treatment with x-rays in certain human sarcoma cells. An increase in TNF-alpha mRNA is accompanied by the increased production of TNF-alpha protein. TNF-alpha enhances radiation lethality in both TNF-alpha-producing and -nonproducing tumor cells. These data suggest that, in addition to the direct cytotoxic effects of x-rays, production of TNF-alpha may add to radiation lethality through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Combinations of TNF-alpha and therapeutic radiation may be useful in clinical cancer therapy.
War of the wards (2003)

Fighting hospital-acquired infections will take more than a ban on flowers for patients, says Richard Wilson
Inhibition of Experimental Allergic Airways Disease by Local Application of a Cell-Penetrating Dominant-Negative STAT-6 Peptide (2007)

Allergic airways disease is initiated and perpetuated by an aberrant Th2 inflammatory response regulated in part by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, each of which induces activation of the STAT-6 transcription factor. Data from murine models indicate that the clinical manifestations of acute asthma are STAT-6 dependent, and thus, STAT-6 is a target for drug development in allergic airways disease. We designed a novel chimeric peptide (STAT-6 inhibitory peptide (STAT-6-IP)) comprised of a sequence predicted to bind to and inhibit STAT-6, fused to a protein transduction domain, to facilitate cellular uptake of the STAT-6-binding peptide. Our data demonstrate that the STAT-6-IP inhibited OVA-induced production of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in vitro. In contrast, the STAT-6-IP did not affect production of IFN-gamma, demonstrating specificity for Th2 cytokine inhibition. Following intranasal administration, the STAT-6-IP was localized to epithelial cells in the airways. Finally, in in vivo murine models of allergic rhinitis and asthma, intranasal delivery of the STAT-6-IP inhibited OVA-induced lung inflammation and mucus production as well as accumulation of eosinophils and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and OVA-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness. Together these data show that local application of cell-penetrating peptide inhibitors of STAT-6 has significant potential for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Dihydrotestosterone upregulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and ERBB2 in androgen receptor-positive bladder cancer cells (2011)

Androgen receptor (AR) signals play important roles in bladder carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, including EGFR and ERBB2, leads to bladder cancer cell growth and correlates with poor patients' prognosis. However, cross talk between AR and EGFR/ERBB2 pathways in bladder cancer remains poorly understood. In AR-positive bladder cancer UMUC3 and TCC-SUP cells, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased the expression of EGFR and ERBB2 both in mRNA and in protein levels, and an anti-androgen hydroxyflutamide antagonized the effect of DHT. The necessity of AR was confirmed by silencing the receptor, using short hairpin RNA (shRNA), in UMUC3 cells, as well as by expressing the receptor in AR-negative 5637 cells. Of note were much higher basal levels of EGFR and ERBB2 in UMUC3-control-shRNA than in UMUC3-AR-shRNA and those of EGFR in 5637-AR than in 5637-V. DHT additionally upregulated the levels of phosphorylation of EGFR (pEGFR) and its downstream proteins AKT (pAKT) and ERK1/2 (pERK), induced by EGF treatment, in AR-positive cells. Immunohistochemistry on cystectomy specimens showed strong associations between expressions of AR and EGFR (P=0.0136), pEGFR (P=0.0041), ERBB2 (P=0.0331), or pERK (P=0.0274), but not of pAKT (P=0.5555). The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests further revealed that positivity of AR (P=0.0005), EGFR (P=0.2425), pEGFR (P=0.1579), ERBB2 (P=0.2997), or pERK (P=0.1270) and negativity of pAKT (P=0.0483) were associated with tumor progression. Our results indicate that AR activation upregulates the expression of EGFR and ERBB2 in bladder cancer cells. AR signals may thus contribute to the progression of bladder cancer via regulation of the EGFR/ERBB2 pathways.
Automated Synthesis of Gene Fragments (1981)

The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the active core of human recombinant cystathionine β-synthase: an enzyme involved in vascular disease (2001)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a unique heme enzyme that catalyzes a PLP-dependent condensation of serine and homocysteine to give cystathionine. Deficiency of CBS leads to homocystinuria, an autosomal recessively inherited disease of sulfur metabolism. A truncated form of CBS in which the C-terminal amino-acid residues have been deleted has been prepared. The truncated CBS subunits form a dimer, in contrast to the full-length subunits which form tetramers and higher oligomers. The truncated CBS yielded crystals diffracting to 2.6 A which belong to space group P3(1) or P3(2). This is the first comprehensive structural investigation of a PLP and heme-containing enzyme.
On the generation mechanisms of short-scale unbalanced modes in rotating two-layer flows with vertical shear (2005)

We report on the results of a laboratory investigation using a rotating two-layer annulus experiment, which exhibits both large-scale vortical modes and short-scale divergent modes. A sophisticated visualization method allows us to observe the flow at very high spatial and temporal resolution. The balanced long-wavelength modes appear only when the Froude number is supercritical (i.e. $F\,{&gt;}\,F_\mathrm{critical}\,{\equiv}\, \upi^2/2$ ), and are therefore consistent with generation by a baroclinic instability. The unbalanced short-wavelength modes appear locally in every single baroclinically unstable flow, providing perhaps the first direct experimental evidence that all evolving vortical flows will tend to emit freely propagating inertia–gravity waves. The short-wavelength modes also appear in certain baroclinically stable flows. We infer the generation mechanisms of the short-scale waves, both for the baro-clinically unstable case in which they co-exist with a large-scale wave, and for the baroclinically stable case in which they exist alone. The two possible mechanisms considered are spontaneous adjustment of the large-scale flow, and Kelvin–Helmholtz shear instability. Short modes in the baroclinically stable regime are generated only when the Richardson number is subcritical (i.e. $\hbox{\it Ri}\,{&lt;}\,\hbox{\it Ri}_\mathrm{critical}\,{\equiv}\, 1$ ), and are therefore consistent with generation by a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. We calculate five indicators of short-wave generation in the baroclinically unstable regime, using data from a quasi-geostrophic numerical model of the annulus. There is excellent agreement between the spatial locations of short-wave emission observed in the laboratory, and regions in which the model Lighthill/Ford inertia–gravity wave source term is large. We infer that the short waves in the baroclinically unstable fluid are freely propagating inertia–gravity waves generated by spontaneous adjustment of the large-scale flow.
Myosin light chain kinase inhibitors ML-7 and ML-9 inhibit mouse lung carcinoma cell attachment to the fibronectin substratum (1991)

We studied the effects of various protein kinase inhibitors on the attachment of mouse lung carcinoma 3LL cells to the fibronectin (FN) substratum. Calmodulin antagonists (W-7 and W-13) and myosin light chain kinase inhibitors (ML-7 and ML-9) exhibited the inhibitory effect for the attachment, while inhibitors of protein kinases A and C were ineffective. Since Arg-Gly-Asp-containing hexapeptide blocked the attachment, cell surface FN receptor appeared to be involved in this mechanism. These results support the hypothesis that the cell attachment requires the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in association with the phosphorylation of myosin light chain which would lead to the clustering of the cell surface FN receptors.
Perspective: machines for RNAi (2005)

RNA silencing pathways convert the sequence information in long RNA, typically double-stranded RNA, into approximately 21-nt RNA signaling molecules such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). siRNAs and miRNAs provide specificity to protein effector complexes that repress mRNA transcription or translation, or catalyze mRNA destruction. Here, we review our current understanding of how small RNAs are produced, how they are loaded into protein complexes, and how they repress gene expression.
Blood Lipids and Human Atherosclerosis (1950)

The transport of cholesterol and other lipids of serum is almost wholly in the form of very large molecular complexes of these lipids with variable amounts of protein. The exact components present in the blood of a particular individual may be quantitatively described both as to character and concentration by ultracentrifugal flotation of these components in the analytic ultracentrifuge. With this technic it is possible to demonstrate the presence of certain lipid and lipoprotein components which are related to coronary atherosclerosis, to hypertension and to other diseases associated with atherosclerosis, such as diabetes mellitus, the nephrotic syndrome and hypothyroidism. The blood level of these components may be influenced by dietary means. The blood level of these components is poorly correlated with the analytic serum cholestrol determined by the Schoenheimer-Sperry method.
Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide (1971)

Abstract Three random basic copolymers of amino acids were tested for their effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). One of these copolymers denoted as Cop 1, composed of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and tyrosine, with a molecular weight of 23 000, showed a marked suppressive effect on the disease. The intravenous administration of Cop 1 in physiological saline, as late as 5 days following the challenge with the disease‐inducing dose of the basic encephalitogenic protein, reduced the clinical incidence of EAE from 64% in the control group to 22%; the histological lesions were also decreased both in prevalence and in severity. The suppressive effect on the disease attained by the synthetic copolymer is of the same order of magnitude as that previously reported for the basic encephalitogen. The effect of the copolymers appears to be specific, since neither an acidic amino acid copolymer, nor unrelated basic proteins, had any protective action. On the other hand, a second batch of Cop 1 showed activity identical to that of the first batch. The potential applicability of this non‐encephalitogenic and non‐immunosuppressive material is discussed.
Evidence of Oxidant Damage in Huntington's Disease: Translational Strategies Using Antioxidants (2008)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, emotional disturbances, dementia, and weight loss. It is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG repeat in the gene coding for the protein, huntingtin. Although no one specific interaction of mutant huntingtin has been suggested to be the pathologic trigger, a large body of evidence suggests that, in both the human condition and in HD mice, oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of HD. Increased levels of oxidative damage products, including protein nitration, lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation, and exacerbated lipofuscin accumulation, occur in HD. Strong evidence exists for early oxidative stress in HD, coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction, each exacerbating the other and leading to an energy deficit. If oxidative damage plays a role in HD, then therapeutic strategies that reduce reactive oxygen species may ameliorate the neurodegenerative process. Two such strategies, using coenzyme Q(10) and creatine, have been proposed. Although each agent has had limited efficacy in HD patients, the optimal therapeutic dose may have been underestimated. High-dose coenzyme Q(10) and creatine are safe and tolerable in HD patients and are currently under investigation. In addition, there are parallels in reducing markers of oxidative stress in both HD mice and HD patients after treatment. It is likely that high-dose coenzyme Q(10), creatine, or both agents, will represent a cornerstone defense in ameliorating the progression of HD.
1997-1998 ANNA annual reports. National report: state of the association. (1998)

It is not possible in this space to thank or identify each volunteer who has assisted us in moving forward the mission of ANNA. There are literally hundreds of such talented individuals. These dedicated individuals, working together as a team, create an environment where ordinary people accomplish extraordinary things. ANNA's tremendous success as the professional association of choice for over 10,000 nurses practicing in nephrology, transplantation, and related therapies is the sum of these extraordinary things. If you know or work with some of these people, take a moment to thank them for their time, efforts, and talent. It is because of this commitment that together, we continue to advance the practice of nephrology nursing.
A Field Guide to Foldamers (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Field Guide to FoldamersDavid J. Hill, Matthew J. Mio, Ryan B. Prince, Thomas S. Hughes, and Jeffrey S. MooreView Author Information Roger Adams Laboratory, Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105; and 3M Adhesive Technology Center, 3M Center, 201-3N-04, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 12, 3893–4012Publication Date (Web):December 12, 2001Publication History Received5 September 2001Published online12 December 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990120thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990120tresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18727Altmetric-Citations2096LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Conformation,Foldamers,Genetics,Oligomers Get e-Alerts
Cytokinin Oxidase Gene Expression in Maize Is Localized to the Vasculature, and Is Induced by Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid, and Abiotic Stress (2003)

Cytokinins are hormones that play an essential role in plant growth and development. The irreversible degradation of cytokinins, catalyzed by cytokinin oxidase, is an important mechanism by which plants modulate their cytokinin levels. Cytokinin oxidase has been well characterized biochemically, but its regulation at the molecular level is not well understood. We isolated a cytokinin oxidase open reading frame from maize (Zea mays), called Ckx1, and we used it as a probe in northern and in situ hybridization experiments. We found that the gene is expressed in a developmental manner in the kernel, which correlates with cytokinin levels and cytokinin oxidase activity. In situ hybridization with Ckx1 and transgenic expression of a transcriptional fusion of the Ckx1 promoter to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene revealed that the gene is expressed in the vascular bundles of kernels, seedling roots, and coleoptiles. We show that Ckx1 gene expression is inducible in various organs by synthetic and natural cytokinins. Ckx1 is also induced by abscisic acid, which may control cytokinin oxidase expression in the kernel under abiotic stress. We hypothesize that under non-stress conditions, cytokinin oxidase in maize plays a role in controlling growth and development via regulation of cytokinin levels transiting in the xylem. In addition, we suggest that under environmental stress conditions, cytokinin oxidase gene induction by abscisic acid results in aberrant degradation of cytokinins therefore impairing normal development.
DAF-9, a cytochrome P450 regulatingC. eleganslarval development and adult longevity (2002)

The daf-9 gene functions to integrate transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-like signaling pathways to regulate Caenorhabditis elegans larval development. Mutations in daf-9 result in transient dauer-like larval arrest, abnormal reproductive development, molting defects and increased adult longevity. The phenotype is sterol-dependent, and dependent on the activity of DAF-12, a nuclear hormone receptor. Genetic tests show that daf-9 is upstream of daf-12 in the genetic pathways for larval development and adult longevity. daf-9 encodes a cytochrome P450 related to those involved in biosynthesis of steroid hormones in mammals. We propose that it specifies a step in the biosynthetic pathway for a DAF-12 ligand, which might be a steroid. The surprising cellular specificity of daf-9 expression (predominantly in two sensory neurons) supports a previously unrecognized role for these cells in neuroendocrine control of larval development, reproduction and life span.
Exhaled breath analysis: the new frontier in medical testing (2008)

With each breath we exhale, thousands of molecules are expelled in our breath and each one of us has a 'breathprint' that can tell a lot about his or her state of health. While this may be news to some, it should not be to people in medicine. For one can argue that the field of breath analysis is as old as the field of medicine itself. Hippocrates described fetor oris and fetor hepaticus in his treatise on breath aroma and disease, Lavoisier and Laplace in 1784 showed that respiration consumes oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide [1], Nebelthau in the mid 1800s showed that diabetics emit breath acetone [2], and Anstie in 1874 isolated ethanol from breath (which is the basis of breath alcohol testing today) [3].
Exenatide (2007)

Exenatide is the first in a new class of compounds, which possess similar activity to the naturally-occurring hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). It mirrors many of the effects of GLP-1, improving glycaemic control through a combination of mechanisms, which include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and reduced appetite. Phase III clinical trials showed exenatide therapy for 30 weeks significantly reduced glycated haemoglobin, and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose compared with baseline when added to metformin and sulfonylureas or a combination of the two, with an average weight loss of approximately 2 kg. Exenatide can also be used in combination with thiazolidinediones and may be an alternative to insulin in patients requiring additional therapy. In patients with established Type 2 diabetes, control of both glycaemia and body weight are important to minimise the risk of future diabetes complications. Open-label extensions from these pivotal trials demonstrate that patients treated with exenatide for < or = 3 years sustained the reductions in glycaemic control achieved at 30 weeks and had a progressive reduction in body weight. Exenatide is generally well tolerated; nausea is the most commonly reported side effect, but can be significantly reduced when a target dose of exenatide is achieved in patients with gradual dose titration. Hypoglycaemia has been encountered in clinical trials of exenatide, especially on initiation of therapy with sulfonylureas (not with metformin). Exenatide may enable patients with Type 2 diabetes to improve glycaemic control and reduce or eliminate the risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain.
Breaking up the correlation between efficacy and toxicity for nonviral gene delivery (2007)

Nonviral nucleic acid delivery to cells and tissues is considered a standard tool in life science research. However, although an ideal delivery system should have high efficacy and minimal toxicity, existing materials fall short, most of them being either too toxic or little effective. We hypothesized that disulfide cross-linked low-molecular-weight (MW) linear poly(ethylene imine) (MW<4.6 kDa) would overcome this limitation. Investigations with these materials revealed that the extracellular high MW provided outstandingly high transfection efficacies (up to 69.62+/-4.18% in HEK cells). We confirmed that the intracellular reductive degradation produced mainly nontoxic fragments (cell survival 98.69+/-4.79%). When we compared the polymers in >1,400 individual experiments to seven commercial transfection reagents in seven different cell lines, we found highly superior transfection efficacies and substantially lower toxicities. This renders reductive degradation a highly promising tool for the design of new transfection materials.