gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-coaxial micro-fabricated feeds for phased array antennas (2010)

This paper presents an overview of recent research at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in the area of passive and active antenna arrays. Specifically, micro-coaxial array feed components, fabricated in the Nuvotronics PolyStrata™ process will be discussed as a means to miniaturized phased array. Performance of broadband Wilkinson dividers covering 2-22GHz (11:1 bandwidth) implemented in micro-coaxial lines for active transmit arrays is presented along with assembly methods for standard surface-mount resistors within the micro-coaxial environment. Integration of active devices with micro-coaxial components for 20W transmitters covering the 4-18GHz band is shown, and challenges associated with high power densities and interconnect parasitic are addressed. Ka-band (38 GHz) hybrids resulting in a 4×4 Buttler matrix with patch-like antennas integrated in PolyStrata™ are presented. The high-performance micro-coaxial environment is highlighted with its advantages and potential limitations. Frequency-scanned array designs for W and G-band operation are compared for PolyStrata™ micro-coaxial and waveguide-fed arrays. Finally, several other related approaches, including spatially-fed beam-forming arrays, are overviewed.
Declining Growth Rate of West Nile Virus in North America (2006)

To determine the demographic history of West Nile virus (WNV) in North America, we employed a coalescent method to envelope coding region data sets for the NY99 and WN02 genotypes. Although the observed genetic diversities in both genotypes were of approximately the same age, the mean rate of epidemiological growth of the WN02 population was approximately three times that of the NY99 population, a finding compatible with the recent dominance of the former genotype. However, there has also been a marked decrease in the recent growth rate of WN02, suggesting that WNV has reached its peak prevalence in North America.
Diastereoisomeric Salt Formation and Enzyme-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution as Complementary Methods for the Chiral Separation of cis-/trans-Enantiomers of 3-Aminocyclohexanol (2010)

This contribution demonstrates the preparative-scale synthesis of (1S,3S)-3-aminocyclohexanol by either enzymatic kinetic resolution of Cbz-protected 3-aminocyclohexanols or direct diastereoisomeric salt formation with (R)-mandelic acid. The salt formation demonstrates how a single enantiomer, (1S,3S)-3-aminocyclohexanol (R)-mandelate, can be effectively isolated from the cis/trans racemic mixture and subsequently converted to the free amine, (1S,3S)-3-aminocyclohexanol, by ion-exchange chromatography. We have also demonstrated how the other three enantiomers of 3-aminocyclohexanol can be prepared by either diastereoisomeric salt formation or enzymatic kinetic resolution.
Photodynamic therapy of arteries. A novel approach for treatment of experimental intimal hyperplasia. (1992)

These data demonstrated that PDT can effectively inhibit the IH response when it is used before or during induction of cellular proliferation in this acute model. Although the long-term implications of PDT in arteries need to be defined, this technique may offer a new method for understanding and treating IH.
Semantic Instance Segmentation with a Discriminative Loss Function (2017)

Semantic instance segmentation remains a challenging task. In this work we propose to tackle the problem with a discriminative loss function, operating at the pixel level, that encourages a convolutional network to produce a representation of the image that can easily be clustered into instances with a simple post-processing step. The loss function encourages the network to map each pixel to a point in feature space so that pixels belonging to the same instance lie close together while different instances are separated by a wide margin. Our approach of combining an off-the-shelf network with a principled loss function inspired by a metric learning objective is conceptually simple and distinct from recent efforts in instance segmentation. In contrast to previous works, our method does not rely on object proposals or recurrent mechanisms. A key contribution of our work is to demonstrate that such a simple setup without bells and whistles is effective and can perform on par with more complex methods. Moreover, we show that it does not suffer from some of the limitations of the popular detect-and-segment approaches. We achieve competitive performance on the Cityscapes and CVPPP leaf segmentation benchmarks.
Effects of PSAG12-IPT Gene Expression on Development and Senescence in Transgenic Lettuce (2001)

An ipt gene under control of the senescence-specific SAG12 promoter from Arabidopsis (P(SAG12)-IPT) significantly delayed developmental and postharvest leaf senescence in mature heads of transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv Evola) homozygous for the transgene. Apart from retardation of leaf senescence, mature, 60-d-old plants exhibited normal morphology with no significant differences in head diameter or fresh weight of leaves and roots. Induction of senescence by nitrogen starvation rapidly reduced total nitrogen, nitrate, and growth of transgenic and azygous (control) plants, but chlorophyll was retained in the lower (outer) leaves of transgenic plants. Harvested P(SAG12)-IPT heads also retained chlorophyll in their lower leaves. During later development (bolting and preflowering) of transgenic plants, the decrease in chlorophyll, total protein, and Rubisco content in leaves was abolished, resulting in a uniform distribution of these components throughout the plants. Homozygous P(SAG12)-IPT lettuce plants showed a slight delay in bolting (4-6 d), a severe delay in flowering (4-8 weeks), and premature senescence of their upper leaves. These changes correlated with significantly elevated concentrations of cytokinin and hexoses in the upper leaves of transgenic plants during later stages of development, implicating a relationship between cytokinin and hexose concentrations in senescence.
The B Cell Coreceptor CD22 Associates with AP50, a Clathrin-Coated Pit Adapter Protein, Via Tyrosine-Dependent Interaction (2003)

The B cell coreceptor CD22 plays an important role in regulating signal transduction via the B cell Ag receptor. Studies have shown that surface expression of CD22 can be modulated in response to binding of ligand (i.e., mAb). Thus, it is possible that alterations in the level of CD22 expression following binding of natural ligand(s) may affect its ability to modulate the Ag receptor signaling threshold at specific points during B cell development and differentiation. Therefore, it is important to delineate the physiologic mechanism by which CD22 expression is controlled. In the current study, yeast two-hybrid analysis was used to demonstrate that CD22 interacts with AP50, the medium chain subunit of the AP-2 complex, via tyrosine-based internalization motifs in its cytoplasmic domain. This interaction was further characterized using yeast two-hybrid analysis revealing that Tyr(843) and surrounding amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of CD22 comprise the primary binding site for AP50. Subsequent studies using transfectant Jurkat cell lines expressing wild-type or mutant forms of CD22 demonstrated that either Tyr(843) or Tyr(863) is sufficient for mAb-mediated internalization of CD22 and that these motifs are involved in its interaction with the AP-2 complex, as determined by coprecipitation of alpha-adaptin. Finally, experiments were performed demonstrating that treatment of B cells with either intact anti-Ig Ab or F(ab')(2) blocks ligand-mediated internalization of CD22. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that internalization of CD22 is dependent on its association with the AP-2 complex via tyrosine-based internalization motifs.
SALSA (2001)

Today, when searching for information on the WWW, one usually performs a query through a term-based search engine. These engines return, as the query's result, a list of Web pages whose contents matches the query. For broad-topic queries, such searches often result in a huge set of retrieved documents, many of which are irrelevant to the user. However, much information is contained in the link-structure of the WWW. Information such as which pages are linked to others can be used to augment search algorithms. In this context, Jon Kleinberg introduced the notion of two distinct types of Web pages: hubs and authorities . Kleinberg argued that hubs and authorities exhibit a mutually reinforcing relationship : a good hub will point to many authorities, and a good authority will be pointed at by many hubs. In light of this, he dervised an algoirthm aimed at finding authoritative pages. We present SALSA, a new stochastic approach for link-structure analysis, which examines random walks on graphs derived from the link-structure. We show that both SALSA and Kleinberg's Mutual Reinforcement approach employ the same metaalgorithm. We then prove that SALSA is quivalent to a weighted in degree analysis of the link-sturcutre of WWW subgraphs, making it computationally more efficient than the Mutual reinforcement approach. We compare that results of applying SALSA to the results derived through Kleinberg's approach. These comparisions reveal a topological Phenomenon called the TKC effect which, in certain cases, prevents the Mutual reinforcement approach from identifying meaningful authorities.
Medium‐sized peptides as built in carriers for biologically active compounds (2005)

A growing number of oligopeptides of natural and/or synthetic origin have been described and considered as targeting structures for delivery bioactive compounds into various cell types. This review will outline the discovery of peptide sequences and the corresponding mid-sized oligopeptides with membrane translocating properties and also summarize de novo designed structures possessing similar features. Conjugates and chimera constructs derived from these sequences with covalently attached bioactive peptide, epitope, oligonucleotide, PNA, drug, reporter molecule will be reviewed. A brief note will refer to the present understanding on the uptake mechanism at the end of each section.
Effects of Tobacco Products on the Attachment and Growth of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts (1999)

Tobacco products inhibit attachment and growth of human PDL fibroblasts. This may partly explain the role of these substances in the progression of periodontitis.
Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with neridronate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2012)

Objective. Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a severely disabling pain syndrome for which no definite treatment has been established. The aim of this multi-centre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to test the efficacy of the amino-bisphosphonate neridronate in patients with CRP-I. Methods. Eighty-two patients with CRP-I at either hand or foot were randomly assigned to i.v. infusion of 100 mg neridronate given four times over 10 days or placebo. After 50 days the former placebo patients were given open label the same regimen of neridronate. Results. Within the first 20 days, visual analogue scale (VAS) score decreased significantly more in the neridronate group. In the following 20 days, VAS remained unchanged in the placebo group and further decreased in the active group by 46.5 mm (95% CI −52.5, −40.5) vs 22.6 mm (95% CI −28.8, −16.3) for placebo group (P < 0.0001). Significant improvements vs placebo were observed also for a number of other indices of pain and quality of life. During the open-extension phase in the formerly placebo group the results of treatment were superimposable on those seen during the blind phase in the active group. A year later none of the patients was referring symptoms linked to CRPS-I. Conclusion. In patients with acute CRPS-I, four i.v. infusions of neridronate 100 mg are associated with clinically relevant and persistent benefits. These results provide conclusive evidence that the use of bisphosphonates, at appropriate doses, is the treatment of choice for CRPS-I. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/, 2007-003372-18.
Fanconi Anemia FANCG Protein in Mitigating Radiation- and Enzyme-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks by Homologous Recombination in Vertebrate Cells (2003)

The rare hereditary disorder Fanconi anemia (FA) is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, congenital skeletal abnormality, elevated susceptibility to cancer, and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking chemicals and sometimes other DNA-damaging agents. Molecular cloning identified six causative genes (FANCA, -C, -D2, -E, -F, and -G) encoding a multiprotein complex whose precise biochemical function remains elusive. Recent studies implicate this complex in DNA damage responses that are linked to the breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in BRCA2, which participates in homologous recombination (HR), are the underlying cause in some FA patients. To elucidate the roles of FA genes in HR, we disrupted the FANCG/XRCC9 locus in the chicken B-cell line DT40. FANCG-deficient DT40 cells resemble mammalian fancg mutants in that they are sensitive to killing by cisplatin and mitomycin C (MMC) and exhibit increased MMC and radiation-induced chromosome breakage. We find that the repair of I-SceI-induced chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) by HR is decreased approximately 9-fold in fancg cells compared with the parental and FANCG-complemented cells. In addition, the efficiency of gene targeting is mildly decreased in FANCG-deficient cells, but depends on the specific locus. We conclude that FANCG is required for efficient HR-mediated repair of at least some types of DSBs.
Purification of two chitinases from Rhizopus oligosporus and isolation and sequencing of the encoding genes (1992)

Two chitinases were purified from Rhizopus oligosporus, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Zygomycetes, and designated chitinase I and chitinase II. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined, and two synthetic oligonucleotide probes corresponding to these amino acid sequences were synthesized. Southern blot analyses of the total genomic DNA from R. oligosporus with these oligonucleotides as probes indicated that one of the two genes encoding these two chitinases was contained in a 2.9-kb EcoRI fragment and in a 3.6-kb HindIII fragment and that the other one was contained in a 2.9-kb EcoRI fragment and in a 11.5-kb HindIII fragment. Two DNA fragments were isolated from the phage bank of R. oligosporus genomic DNA with the synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. The restriction enzyme analyses of these fragments coincided with the Southern blot analyses described above and the amino acid sequences deduced from their nucleotide sequences contained those identical to the determined N-terminal amino acid sequences of the purified chitinases, indicating that each of these fragments contained a gene encoding chitinase (designated chi 1 and chi 2, encoding chitinase I and II, respectively). The deduced amino acid sequences of these two genes had domain structures similar to that of the published sequence of chitinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, except that they had an additional C-terminal domain. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the molecular weights experimentally determined with the two purified enzymes and those deduced from the nucleotide sequences for both genes. Analysis of the N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of both chitinases and comparison of them with the amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences revealed posttranslational processing not only at the N-terminal signal sequences but also at the C-terminal domains. It is concluded that these chitinases are synthesized with pre- and prosequences in addition to the mature enzyme sequences and that the prosequences are located at the C terminal.
Reactive NUCA (2009)

Increases in on-chip communication delay and the large working sets of server and scientific workloads complicate the design of the on-chip last-level cache for multicore processors. The large working sets favor a shared cache design that maximizes the aggregate cache capacity and minimizes off-chip memory requests. At the same time, the growing on-chip communication delay favors core-private caches that replicate data to minimize delays on global wires. Recent hybrid proposals offer lower average latency than conventional designs, but they address the placement requirements of only a subset of the data accessed by the application, require complex lookup and coherence mechanisms that increase latency, or fail to scale to high core counts.
Porous Silicon and Alumina as Chemically Reactive Templates for the Synthesis of Tubes and Wires of SnSe, Sn, and SnO2 (2005)

Three in one: Ordered nanostructures of SnSe, SnO2, and elemental tin (see SEM image) were prepared by template-assisted synthesis in porous alumina and macroporous silicon. The use of the templates as chemical reactants allowed the preparation of all three target materials from the same single-source precursor, Sn(SePh)4.
Ozone-UV irradiation effects on Ba2YCu3O7−x thin films (1988)

We studied the effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in an ozone atmosphere on the electrical properties of Ba2 YCu3 O7−x thin films. The ozone-UV treatment had effects similar to plasma oxidation; it decreased the room-temperature resistivity and increased the zero resistance temperature of 460 nm Ba-Y-Cu-O thin films. Film resistivity decreased by about 25% in 100 min during ozone-UV treatment. This decreasing rate is one order of magnitude lower than plasma treatment. The ozone-UV treatment, however, resulted in a more stable film than the plasma treatment. The rate at which the room-temperature resistivity increased, measured 35 days after the ozone-UV treatment, was 0.06%/day, or about 1/6 that of the plasma treatment.
Linearity of electrical charge injection into charge-coupled devices (1975)

This has been studied by measuring the generated higher harmonic components of a sinusoidal input. Results obtained with various injection methods and device geometries have been compared. Best results, with all harmonic components more than 40 dB below the fundamental, have been obtained for surface channel devices with a potential equilibration method in which the signal is applied to a second input gate, while the first input gate is held at a d.c. reference potential. It is concluded that this version of the potential equilibration method is readily adoptable for CCDs with any number of phases and that, if the active gate areas are suitably enlarged, harmonic distortions of less than -60 dB may be expected.
A fluorimetric and enzymatic method for the estimation of serum total bile acids (1970)

The enzymatic technique using 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for determining bile acids in blood has been modified by measuring the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorimetrically. The increased sensitivity attained enables the concentration of total bile acids in serum to be estimated using 3 ml for normal subjects and 1 ml for jaundiced patients. The range of normal values in serum was found to be 0-4.7 mumol/litre for males and 1.0-8.2 mumol/litre for females.
Biotransformation and transplacental transfer of the anti-viral remdesivir and predominant metabolite, GS-441524 in pregnant rats (2022)

Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan.
The first synchrotron infrared beamlines at the Advanced Light Source: \nspectromicroscopy and fast timing (1999)

Two recently commissioned infrared beamlines on the 1.4 bending magnet port at the Advanced Light Source, LBNL, are described. Using a synchrotron as an IR source provides three primary advantages: increased brightness, very fast light pulses, and enhanced far-IRflux. The considerable brightness advantage manifests itself most beneficially when performing spectroscopy on a microscopic length scale. Beamline (BL) 1.4.3 is a dedicated FTIR spectromicroscopy beamline, where a diffraction-limited spot size using the synchrotron source is utilized. BL 1.4.2 consists of a vacuum FTIR bench with a wide spectral range and step-scan capability. This BL makes use of the pulsed nature of the synchrotron light as well as the far-IR flux. Fast timing is demonstrated by observing the pulses from the electron bunch storage pattern at the ALS. Results from several experiments from both IR beamlines will be presented as an overview of the IR research currently being done at the ALS.
Mutagenesis Studies of Thyroxine Binding to Human Serum Albumin Define an Important Structural Characteristic of Subdomain 2A (1997)

The familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) phenotype results from a natural human serum albumin (HSA) mutant, with histidine instead of arginine at amino acid position 218. This mutation results in an enhanced affinity for thyroxine. In our earlier study, site-directed mutagenesis and a yeast protein expression system were used to synthesize FDH HSA and several other HSA mutants. Measurement of the binding of these HSA mutants to thyroxine and several thyroxine analogs using equilibrium dialysis and quenching of tryptophan 214 fluorescence allowed us to propose a preliminary model of thyroxine binding to the 2A subdomain of wild type and FDH HSA. In this study, we have produced several other HSA mutants. By comparing the binding affinity of these mutants for thyroxine and tetraiodothyroacetic acid to the binding affinity of other mutants, we were able to suggest a new model for thyroxine binding to the 2A subdomain of HSA. We found that the substitution of arginine at position 218 with alanine increased the binding affinity for thyroxine by 2 orders of magnitude relative to the binding affinity of wild type HSA for thyroxine. A more accurate understanding of the mechanism of thyroxine binding to HSA has allowed us to define an important structural characteristic of subdomain 2A, one of the two principal binding sites on HSA for small hydrophobic ligands.
Crystallographic detection of a second ligand binding site in influenza virus hemagglutinin. (1992)

X-ray crystal structures have been determined for several complexes between influenza virus hemagglutinin and derivatives of its cell-surface receptor, sialic acid (Neu5Ac). Difference electron density maps establish the existence of a second binding site in addition to the primary site characterized previously. Three compounds bind to both sites: Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc [(alpha 2-3)sialyllactose], alpha-2-O-(4'-benzylamidocarboxybutyl)-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid, and alpha-2-O-(4'-methylamidocarboxybutyl)-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid; and four other compounds bind only to the primary site: Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc [(alpha 2-6)sialyllactose], alpha-2-O-methyl-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 4-]-acetyl-alpha-2-O-methyl-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid, and 9-amino-9-deoxy-alpha-2-O-methyl-5-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The maps also extend earlier results by showing the location of all three sugar residues of (alpha 2-3)sialyllactose in the primary binding site. The affinity of (alpha 2-3)sialyllactose for the second site was estimated by collecting x-ray diffraction data at various ligand concentrations and was found to be at least four times weaker than its affinity for the primary site. Although it is not yet known whether the second binding site participates in the infection process, it nevertheless offers a potential target for the design of antiviral drugs.
Hydrocortisone Therapy for Patients with Septic Shock (2008)

Hydrocortisone did not improve survival or reversal of shock in patients with septic shock, either overall or in patients who did not have a response to corticotropin, although hydrocortisone hastened reversal of shock in patients in whom shock was reversed. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00147004.)