gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User-space protocols deliver high performance to applications on a low-cost Gb/s LAN (1994)

Two important questions in high-speed networking are firstly, how to provide Gbit/s networking at low cost and secondly, how to provide a flexible low-level network interface so that applications can control their data from the instant it arrives. We describe some work that addresses both of these questions. The Jetstream Gbit/s LAN is an experimental, low-cost network interface that provides the services required by delay-sensitive traffic as well as meeting the performance needs of current applications. Jetstream is a combination of traditional shared-medium LAN technology and more recent ATM cell- and switch-based technology. Jetstream frames contain a channel identifier so that the network driver can immediately associate an incoming frame with its application. We have developed such a driver that enables applications to control how their data should be managed without the need to first move the data into the application's address space. Consequently, applications can elect to read just a part of a frame and then instruct the driver to move the remainder directly to its destination. Individual channels can elect to receive frames that have failed their CRC, while applications can specify frame-drop policies on a per-channel basis. Measured results show that both kernel- and user-space protocols can achieve very good throughput: applications using both TCP and our own reliable byte-stream protocol have demonstrated throughputs in excess of 200 Mbit/s. The benefits of running protocols in user-space are well known- the drawback has often been a severe penalty in the performance achieved. In this paper we show that it is possible to have the best of both worlds.
Hydrogen Evolution on Hydrophobic Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2009)

We investigate for the first time hydrophobic carbon nanotube-based electrochemical cells as an alternative solution to hydrogen sorting. We show that the electrically conducting surface of the nanotube arrays can be used as a cathode for hydrogen generation and absorption by electrolyzing water. We support our findings with Raman and gas chromatography measurements. These results suggest that carbon nanotube forests, presenting a unique combination of hydrophobicity and conductivity, are suitable for application in fuel cells and microelectromechanical devices.
Detection limits of several commercial reverse transcriptase enzymes: impact on the low- and high-abundance transcript levels assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (2007)

This study provides a complex overview of the influence of elements such as RT systems, qRTPCR chemistry, amount of background RNA, and transcript abundance on the efficiency of qRT-PCR. Whereas the most significant influencing factor is the presence of inhibitors in the RT systems, total background RNA is also a major influencing component that affects the PCR reaction. Whenever the aim of a study is to obtain a precise gene expression measurement or to profile the global transcriptome (e.g. microarray), the RT step is critical and should be examined with care.
Guided Image Filtering (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel explicit image filter called guided filter. Derived from a local linear model, the guided filter computes the filtering output by considering the content of a guidance image, which can be the input image itself or another different image. The guided filter can be used as an edge-preserving smoothing operator like the popular bilateral filter [1], but it has better behaviors near edges. The guided filter is also a more generic concept beyond smoothing: It can transfer the structures of the guidance image to the filtering output, enabling new filtering applications like dehazing and guided feathering. Moreover, the guided filter naturally has a fast and nonapproximate linear time algorithm, regardless of the kernel size and the intensity range. Currently, it is one of the fastest edge-preserving filters. Experiments show that the guided filter is both effective and efficient in a great variety of computer vision and computer graphics applications, including edge-aware smoothing, detail enhancement, HDR compression, image matting/feathering, dehazing, joint upsampling, etc.
Surface modified polypropylene fibres for use in concrete (1998)

The research project reported on is concerned with the effect of modification of the surface of polypropylene fibre by a new chemical treatment process, oxyfluorination, on the properties of polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete. As a world first, the interfacial bond of polypropylene fibres with the cementitious matrix is improved by increasing the surface free energy of the fibre surface. The reasons for the poor bonding between untreated polypropylene fibre and cementitious matrix are discussed, using the fibre surface free energy and Lewis acid–base interaction concept. The contact angle of water on the polypropylene fibre surface as well as fibre surface free energy components were measured. This showed reduced contact angles, as well as increased acid–base components of the surface free energy because of oxyfluorination. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural properties and impact resistance of the fibrous concrete, reinforced with different types of oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibres, were determined and compared with those of untreated polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete. The results confirmed that the surface modification largely improves the mechanical performance of the fibrous concretes. Restrained plastic and drying shrinkage cracking tests, using restrained slab specimens and steel ring restrained specimens, indicated that the surface oxyfluorinated fibres possess a higher shrinkage cracking resistance than do unmodified fibres. The effect of surface oxyfluorination on the fibre/concrete matrix interfacial bondings was investigated using a fibre pull-out test. A mechanism for this interfacial bonding improvement is proposed. Oxyfluorinated polypropylene fibre surfaces and their interfaces with concrete matrix, compared with that of unmodified fibre, were observed using scanning electronic microscopy. Some field application tests were conducted and the good results that were achieved are presented.
The Ribulose Monophosphate Pathway Substitutes for the Missing Pentose Phosphate Pathway in the Archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis (2006)

The ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway, involving 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS) and 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (PHI), is now recognized as a widespread prokaryotic pathway for formaldehyde fixation and detoxification. Interestingly, HPS and PHI homologs are also found in a variety of archaeal strains, and recent biochemical and genome analyses have raised the possibility that the reverse reaction of formaldehyde fixation, i.e., ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) synthesis from fructose 6-phosphate, may function in the biosynthesis of Ru5P in some archaeal strains whose pentose phosphate pathways are imperfect. In this study, we have taken a genetic approach to address this possibility by using the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1. This strain possesses a single open reading frame (TK0475) encoding an HPS- and PHI-fused protein. The recombinant HPS-PHI-fused enzyme exhibited the expected HPS and PHI activities in both directions (formaldehyde fixing and Ru5P synthesizing). The TK0475 deletion mutant Delta hps-phi-7A did not exhibit any growth in minimal medium, while growth of the mutant strain could be recovered by the addition of nucleosides to the medium. This auxotrophic phenotype together with the catalytic properties of the HPS-PHI-fused enzyme reveal that HPS and PHI are essential for the biosynthesis of Ru5P, the precursor of nucleotides, showing that the RuMP pathway is the only relevant pathway for Ru5P biosynthesis substituting for the classical pentose phosphate pathway missing in this archaeon.
Preventive effects of early anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 treatment on Borna disease in rats (1992)

Borna disease is a virus-induced, immunopathological encephalomyelitis in which CD4+ cells and macrophages dominate the pathological picture. However, significant numbers of CD8+ cells have been morphologically identified in perivascular infiltrates as well. To determine the contribution of different T-cell subsets to the pathogenesis of Borna disease, virus-infected rats were treated with monoclonal antibodies specific for CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Both types of monoclonal antibodies were able to significantly decrease or even prevent the local inflammatory reaction in the brain if given early during the infection. However, CD8-specific monoclonal antibodies appeared to be more effective than antibodies directed against CD4+ cells. Treatment initiated 4 days postinfection did not result in inhibition of encephalitis and disease. Virus titers in the brain of infected rats treated with T-cell-specific antibodies did not differ from titers in untreated infected control animals. The results indicate an important functional role of CD8+ cells, in addition to CD4+ cells, in the pathogenesis of Borna disease.
Cyclic Nucleotides Converge on Brown Adipose Tissue Differentiation (2010)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is rich in mitochondria and can uncouple oxidative phosphorylation to produce heat as a by-product of fatty acid metabolism. This thermogenic effect helps to maintain body temperature and also plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and the regulation of body weight. Both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contribute to the intracellular regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and the differentiation of BAT. New evidence has defined the essential role of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I in a pathway that modulates the RhoA-ROCK pathway and insulin receptor signaling to elicit BAT differentiation and stimulate thermogenesis.
Intracellular distribution of hsp70 during long duration moderate hyperthermia (1998)

Hyperthermia causes cell killing and is also an effective radiosensitizer. In recent years, the protocol of long duration moderate hyperthermia (LDMH) has been used to treat cancer patients in the clinic. However, the results of many studies indicate that some tumour cells may reveal the capability to express chronic thermotolerance, a factor of potentially critical impact in the efficacy of clinical hyperthermia. Previously it has been reported that two out of five human cell lines studied were able to proliferate at 41.1 degrees C. In the present study, the intracellular distribution of hsp70 during LDMH was measured as a potential marker for chronic thermotolerance with continued cell proliferation. In all cell lines studied, hsp70 became localized in the nucleus immediately after the cells were shifted from 37 degrees C to 41.1 degrees C. However, in the two cell lines which recovered and continued to proliferate, NSY42129 and HT29, hsp70 was delocalized from the nucleus within 4 h. Conversely, in the cell lines for which 41.1 degrees C was lethal, hsp70 did not delocalize from the nucleus but rather became localized in the nucleolar regions. Neither the NSY42129 cells nor the HT29 cells showed any preferential nucleolar punctate staining. Thus, it appears that the pattern of hsp70 nuclear localization and delocalization is related to the cells' ability to survive moderate heat shocks.
Updating relational databases through object-based views (1991)

The view-object model provides a formal basis for representing and manipulating object-based views on relational databases. In this paper, we present a scheme for handling update operations on view objects. Because a typical view object encompasses multiple relations, a view-object update request must be translated into valid operations on the underlying relational database. Building on an existing approach to update relational views, we introduce algorithms to enumerate all valid translations of the various update operations on view objects. The process of choosing a translator for view-object update occurs at view-object generation time.
Reaction of phenylglyoxal with aniline under acidic conditions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of phenylglyoxal with aniline under acidic conditionsJohn CorreiaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 17, 3394–3396Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00411a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00411a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Role of EMMPRIN in Tumor Progression (2000)

Abstract : Crucial steps in tumor progression and the process of metastasis, e.g. tumor growth, invasion through extracellular matrices and angiogenesis, involve proteolytic modification of the pericellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. A major class of proteases involved in these processes is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inhibition of MMPs prevents progression and metastasis of several tumor types, including human breast carcinomas, in animal models. In vivo, tumor MMPs are usually produced by stromal cells associated with tumors rather than the tumor cells themselves. The tumor cell surface glycoprotein, EMMPRIN, stimulates MMP production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and may be an important regulator of MMP production during tumorigenesis in vivo. However no direct evidence for its role in tumor progression had been published prior to this study. The focus of this proposal has been to demonstrate directly whether or not EMMPRIN promotes breast cancer progression, whether a role for EMMPRIN in tumor progression may be to promote or induce angiogenesis, and whether approaches can be developed that may have future therapeutic potential. This study has shown that EMMPRIN promotes tumor growth and invasion in an animal model and that interference with the action of EMMPRIN may be an effective way to retard breast carcinoma progression in patients.
Modular synthesis of biologically active phosphatidic acid probes using click chemistry (2009)

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important signaling lipid that plays roles in a range of biological processes including both physiological and pathophysiological events. PA is one of a number of signaling lipids that can act as site-specific ligands for protein receptors in binding events that enforce membrane association and generally regulate both receptor function and subcellular localization. However, elucidation of the full scope of PA activities has proven problematic, primarily due to the lack of a consensus sequence among PA-binding receptors. Thus, experimental approaches, such as those employing lipid probes, are necessary for characterizing interactions at the molecular level. Herein, we describe an efficient modular approach to the synthesis of a range of PA probes that employs a late stage introduction of reporter groups. This strategy was exploited in the synthesis of PA probes bearing fluorescent and photoaffinity tags as well as a bifunctional probe containing both a photoaffinity moiety and an azide as a secondary handle for purification purposes. To discern the ability of these PA analogs to mimic the natural lipid in protein-binding properties, each compound was incorporated into vesicles for binding studies using a known PA receptor, the C2 domain of PKCalpha. In these studies, each compound exhibited binding properties that were comparable to those of synthetic PA, indicating their viability as probes for effectively studying the activities of PA in cellular processes.
Switchable Electrochromic Images Based on a Combined Top–Down Bottom–Up Approach (2004)

The preparation of switchable, high-resolution (360 dpi) electrochromic pictures in sealed transparent and reflective cells is described. Viologens were inkjet printed, chemically amplified, and crosslinked on mesoporous TiO2 thick-film electrodes (see Figure). As a counter electrode, e.g., optically transparent and electrochemically fast CeO2 on mesoporous antimony tin oxide was used.
Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Antisense Oligonucleotide Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (2006)

Constitutively activated STAT3 is essential for the growth, survival, and metastasis of HCC, suggesting that STAT3-targeted therapy may have utility for HCC.
Characteristics of speed sensorless vector controlled dual induction motor drive connected in parallel fed by a single inverter (2003)

In this work, an adaptive observer is applied to each induction motor. Stator currents, rotor fluxes and motor speeds of each motor are estimated by an adaptive observer. The multiple motor drive system is made more stable by applying the average and difference of these estimated values to field oriented control. This paper shows that proposed method mentioned above is effective by using simulation and experimental results.
High‐throughput lensfree imaging and characterization of a heterogeneous cell solution on a chip (2008)

A high-throughput on-chip imaging platform that can rapidly monitor and characterize various cell types within a heterogeneous solution over a depth-of-field of approximately 4 mm and a field-of-view of approximately 10 cm(2) is introduced. This powerful system can rapidly image/monitor multiple layers of cells, within a volume of approximately 4 mL all in parallel without the need for any lenses, microscope-objectives or any mechanical scanning. In this high-throughput lensless imaging scheme, the classical diffraction pattern (i.e., the shadow) of each micro-particle within the entire sample volume is detected in less than a second using an opto-electronic sensor chip. The acquired shadow image is then digitally processed using a custom developed "decision algorithm" to enable both the identification of the particle location in 3D and the characterization of each micro-particle type within the sample volume. Through experimental results, we show that different cell types (e.g., red blood cells, fibroblasts, etc.) or other micro-particles all exhibit uniquely different shadow patterns and therefore can be rapidly identified without any ambiguity using the developed decision algorithm, enabling high-throughput characterization of a heterogeneous solution. This lensfree on chip cell imaging platform shows a significant promise especially for medical diagnostic applications relevant to global health problems, where compact and cost-effective diagnostic tools are urgently needed in resource limited settings.
Structural and energetic consequences of disruptive mutations in a protein core (1992)

We have characterized the properties of a set of variants of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor bearing disruptive mutations in the hydrophobic core. These mutations include some that dramatically alter the total core residue volume (by up to six methylene groups) and some that place a single polar residue into the otherwise hydrophobic core. The structural properties of the purified proteins have been studied by CD spectroscopy, biological activity, recognition by conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The stabilities of the proteins have been measured by thermal and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. Proteins with disruptive core mutations are found to display a continuum of increasingly nonnative properties. Large internal volume changes cause both significant conformational rearrangements and destabilization by up to 5 kcal/mol. Variants with polar substitutions at core positions no longer behave like well-folded proteins but rather display characteristics of molten globules. However, even proteins bearing some of the most disruptive mutations retain many of the crude secondary and tertiary structural features of the wild-type protein. These results indicate that primitive elements of native structure can form in the absence of normal core packing.
Sliding-Mode Sensorless Control of Direct-Drive PM Synchronous Motors for Washing Machine Applications (2009)

A new sensorless field-oriented control of direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous motors based on ldquosliding moderdquo has been studied and applied to domestic washing machine drives. To achieve speed control requirements for the application, a novel sliding-mode observer has been developed by applying the technique of feedback of the ldquoequivalent control.rdquo Armed with the developed algorithms, this observer is able to minimize the estimation error of rotor position at low speeds and guarantee fast convergence of the observer at high speeds in the flux-weakening region. As such, this sensorless control is suitable for domestic washing machine drives demanding wide-speed-range operation. The proposed sensorless control algorithms are implemented in a cost-effective digital controller and tested in a selected prototype washing machine. Both computer simulation and experimental results are illustrated for verification.
Use of soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions to optimize secondary metabolite production (1998)

A valine-overproducing mutant (MA7040, Streptomyces hygroscopicus) was found to produce 1.5 to 2.0 g/L of the immunoregulant, L-683,590, at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale in a simple batch process using soybean oil and ammonium sulfate-based GYG5 medium. Levels of both lower (L-683,795) and higher (HH1 and HH2) undesirable homolog levels were controlled adequately. This batch process was utilized to produce broth economically at the 19 m3 fermentation scale. Material of acceptable purity was obtained without the multiple pure crystallizations previously required for an earlier culture, MA6678, requiring valine supplementation for impurity control. Investigations at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale were conducted, varying agitation, pH, initial soybean oil/ammonium sulfate charges, and initial aeration rate to further improve growth and productivity. Mid-cycle ammonia levels and lipase activity appeared to have an important role. Using mid-cycle soybean oil additions, a titer of 2.3 g/L of L-683,590 was obtained, while titers reached 2.7 g/L using mid-cycle soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions. Both higher and lower homolog levels remained acceptable during this fed-batch process. Optimal timing of mid-cycle oil and ammonium sulfate additions was considered a critical factor to further titer improvements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 580–588, 1998.
Expressions of Aquaporin‐2, Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor, Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanilloid (TRPV)1, and TRPV4 in the Human Endolymphatic Sac (2007)

AQP2, V2-R, and TRPV4 were expressed in the luminal epithelium of human ES. The same characteristic distribution of water and ion channels is seen in the kidney, where a significant amount of fluid is filtrated and resorbed. ES probably plays an active role in the homeostasis of the endolymph.