gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (1999)

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes involves abnormalities in insulin action, insulin secretion, and endogenous glucose output (EGO). However, the sequence with which these abnormalities develop and their relative contributions to the deterioration in glucose tolerance remain unclear in the absence of a detailed longitudinal study. We measured insulin action, insulin secretion, and EGO longitudinally in 17 Pima Indians, in whom glucose tolerance deteriorated from normal (NGT) to impaired (IGT) to diabetic over 5.1 +/- 1.4 years. Transition from NGT to IGT was associated with an increase in body weight, a decline in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and a decline in the acute insulin secretory response (AIR) to intravenous glucose, but no change in EGO. Progression from IGT to diabetes was accompanied by a further increase in body weight, further decreases in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and AIR, and an increase in basal EGO. Thirty-one subjects who retained NGT over a similar period also gained weight, but their AIR increased with decreasing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Thus, defects in insulin secretion and insulin action occur early in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Intervention to prevent diabetes should target both abnormalities.
PP.01.41 (2015)

Objective: The chest pain is one of the most common problems in clinical medicine and is a main cause of hospitalization. Its risk factors are smoking, diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, dyslipidemia, and others that are similar to the infarction. This study has emerged from the question: nursing consultation influence treatment adherence and clinical stabilization in patients with unstable angina?. To develop skills related to nursing care, implementing such care to the patient with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), focusing on prevention and injury rehabilitation was the objective this study. Design and method: Case study conducted at the medical clinic women in cardiology sector of the a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collection was conducted by interviews, physical examination and data obtained from medical records. Case: Client 53 years old, obese, diabetic and hypertensive, with stable angina for 6 years. She reports have stopped smoking after chest pain, presents unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. The medical records has shown that in 2011 she have had Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) and conducted cardiac catheterization, which found bivascular lesion in the right coronary artery and circumflex branch, Introducing occlusion of both branches. Results: After evaluation of this study was possible to understand that angina attack which led the patient to the hospital was caused by cessation of drug therapy because of related side effects. Conclusions: The nurses develops an important role as an educator. We can conclude that the nursing appointments, focused on individual empowerment can be very effective for improving treatment adherence and self-care.
The topology of the regulatory interactions predics the expression pattern of the segment polarity genes in Drosophila melanogaster (2003)

Expression of the Drosophila segment polarity genes is initiated by a prepattern of pair-rule gene products and maintained by a network of regulatory interactions throughout several stages of embryonic development. Analysis of a model of gene interactions based on differential equations showed that wild-type expression patterns of these genes can be obtained for a wide range of kinetic parameters, which suggests that the steady states are determined by the topology of the network and the type of regulatory interactions between components, not the detailed form of the rate laws. To investigate this, we propose and analyze a Boolean model of this network which is based on a binary ON/OFF representation of transcription and protein levels, and in which the interactions are formulated as logical functions. In this model the spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression are determined by the topology of the network and whether components are present or absent, rather than the absolute levels of the mRNAs and proteins and the functional details of their interactions. The model is able to reproduce the wild type gene expression patterns, as well as the ectopic expression patterns observed in over-expression experiments and various mutants. Furthermore, we compute explicitly all steady states of the network and identify the basin of attraction of each steady state. The model gives important insights into the functioning of the segment polarity gene network, such as the crucial role of the wingless and sloppy paired genes, and the network's ability to correct errors in the prepattern.
Evaluating Natural Language Processors in the Clinical Domain (1998)

Evaluating natural language processing (NLP) systems in the clinical domain is a difficult task which is important for advancement of the field. A number of NLP systems have been reported that extract information from free-text clinical reports, but not many of the systems have been evaluated. Those that were evaluated noted good performance measures but the results were often weakened by ineffective evaluation methods. In this paper we describe a set of criteria aimed at improving the quality of NLP evaluation studies. We present an overview of NLP evaluations in the clinical domain and also discuss the Message Understanding Conferences (MUC) [1-4]. Although these conferences constitute a series of NLP evaluation studies performed outside of the clinical domain, some of the results are relevant within medicine. In addition, we discuss a number of factors which contribute to the complexity that is inherent in the task of evaluating natural language systems.
Giardia sp. Cysts and Infectious Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts in the Feces of Migratory Canada Geese ( Branta canadensis ) (1998)

Fecal droppings of migratory Canada geese, Branta canadensis, collected from nine sites near the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were found in feces at seven of nine sites, and Giardia cysts were found at all nine sites. The oocysts from three sites were infectious for mice and molecularly identified as the zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum. Waterfowl can disseminate infectious C. parvum oocysts in the environment.
A review of attenuation correction techniques for tissue fluorescence (2005)

Fluorescence intensity measurements have the potential to facilitate the diagnoses of many pathological conditions. However, accurate interpretation of the measurements is complicated by the distorting effects of tissue scattering and absorption. Consequently, different techniques have been developed to attempt to compensate for these effects. This paper reviews currently available correction techniques with emphasis on clinical application and consideration given to the intrinsic accuracy and limitations of each technique.
Adverse side‐effects to biological agents (2006)

Biological agents-like cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins are widely used in anti-inflammatory and tumour therapy. They are highly efficient in certain diseases, but can cause a great variety of adverse side-effects. Based on the peculiar features of biological agents a new classification of these adverse side-effects of biological agents is proposed - related but clearly distinct from the classification of side-effects observed with chemicals and drugs. This classification differentiates five distinct types, namely clinical reactions because of high cytokine levels (type alpha), hypersensitivity because of an immune reaction against the biological agent (beta), immune or cytokine imbalance syndromes (gamma), symptoms because of cross-reactivity (delta) and symptoms not directly affecting the immune system (epsilon). This classification could help to better deal with the clinical features of these side-effects, to identify possible individual and general risk factors and to direct research in this novel area of medicine.
Ratiometric Artifact Reduction in Low Power Reflective Photoplethysmography (2011)

This paper presents effective signal-processing techniques for the compensation of motion artifacts and ambient light offsets in a reflective photoplethysmography sensor suitable for wearable applications. A ratiometric comparison of infrared (IR) and red absorption characteristics cancels out noise that is multiplicative in nature and amplitude modulation of pulsatile absorption signals enables rejection of additive noise. A low-power, discrete-time pulse-oximeter platform is used to capture IR and red photoplethysmograms so that the data used for analysis have noise levels representative of what a true body sensor network device would experience. The proposed artifact rejection algorithm is designed for real-time implementation with a low-power microcontroller while being robust enough to compensate for varying levels in ambient light as well as reducing the effects of motion-induced artifacts. The performance of the system is illustrated by its ability to extract a typical plethysmogram heart-rate waveform since the sensor is subjected to a range of physical disturbances.
Reversal of the Malignant Phenotype by an Anti- ras Ribozyme (1992)

In this study a ribozyme (catalytic RNA) was designed to site specifically cleave the mRNA of the activated H-ras gene expressed in human bladder carcinoma EJ cells. The optimal conditions for catalytic cleavage by the ribozyme were demonstrated in vitro. A synthetic DNA encoding the ribozyme was cloned into a mammalian expression vector (pH beta APr-1) and transfected into EJ cells. The expressed ribozyme significantly altered the morphology and suppressed the growth of EJ cells in vitro. These cell lines were examined for their malignant potential in athymic (nude) mice by an orthotopic (transurethral) implantation model, which recapitulates the invasive potential of various bladder carcinomas. EJ tumors expressing the H-ras ribozyme were characterized by a marked reduction in tumor take and invasion compared to those formed by control EJ cells. These differences resulted in almost a twofold increase in survival of mice implanted with ribozyme-containing EJ cells. These results further elucidate the role of ras genes in tumorigenicity and invasion, as well as introduce ribozymes as a new class of anticancer agents.
Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus‐like particles by a heterologous expression system (2004)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant expression of the major viral structural proteins could be an attractive method for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) control. In this study, using the baculovirus system, we generated recombinant viruses that expressed S, E, M and N structural proteins of SARS-CoV either individually or simultaneously. The expression level, size and authenticity of each recombinant SARS-CoV protein were determined. In addition, immunofluorescence and FACS analysis confirmed the cell surface expression of the S protein. Co-infections of insect cells with two recombinant viruses demonstrated that M and E could assemble readily to form smooth surfaced VLPs. On the other hand, simultaneous high level expression of S, E and M by a single recombinant virus allowed the very efficient assembly and release of VLPs. These data demonstrate that the VLPs are morphological mimics of virion particles. The high level expression of VLPs with correct S protein conformation by a single recombinant baculovirus offers a potential candidate vaccine for SARS.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Polymerase Gene: Site of Phosphonoacetic Acid Resistance Mutation in Strain Angelotti is Highly Conserved (1987)

By comparative sequence analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene of strain Angelotti and a phosphonoacetic acid-resistant (PAAr) derivative, the site of the PAAr mutation was identified as a single nucleotide (C----T) conversion within the mapping limits of the known PAAr mutations of strains KOS and 17. The conservative amino acid change at residue 719 from alanine to valine results in a radical change in the properties of the polymerase, rendering the mutant enzyme resistant to PAA and various antiviral compounds. Amino acid homologies as well as secondary structure analysis reveal that the PAAr mutation is contained in a 14 amino acid sequence which is highly conserved, and detected in the central domain of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases.
Effects of Cross-Linking on the Morphology of Structured Latex Particles. 1. Theoretical Considerations (1996)

Cross-linking of the seed latex polymer introduces elastic forces into the thermodynamic analysis of the morphology of composite particles. By determining the elastic storage energy necessary to maintain a deformation within the seed latex particle (as in an occlusion of second-stage polymer), it can be combined with the interfacial energies internal to the particle and at its aqueous phase boundary to compute the total free energy of a specific particle morphology. At low levels of cross-linking it is found that the elastic and interfacial energies are of the same order of magnitude, with the final morphology determined by the balance between them. Elastic energies are dependent upon the state of deformation within the particle, and this makes the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology analysis dependent upon cross-link level, seed latex particle size, stage ratio (second polymer/seed polymer), and the interfacial tensions at the polymer/polymer and polymer/water interfaces. Computational results are presented which show the effects of each of these variables on the predicted morphology.
Effect of exogenous dihydroandrosterone on distribution of histoenzymes in testis of male buffalo calves: An experimental study (2002)

The histoenzymic study was conducted on 8 male buffalo calves by injecting dihydroandrosterone (5 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 α- androsterone-3α, 17B diol)  intramuscularly at a weekly dose of 180 mg in divided doses on alternate days suspended in triolein for 2 months. The control group animals were injeeted with triotein along. The cryostat sections obtained at-20 o C from both control and treated groups were incubated for alkoline phoshatase (AKPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). lactic dehydrogease (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADH diaphorase), cytochrome oxidase (CYO), carbonic anhydrase (CA) and lipids. In seminiferous tubules or cords, the enzyme activity was comparable in both treated and control groups. In Leydig cells of testicular tissues obtained from control animals, the activity of different enzymes was uniformly stronger than treated group that may be due to physiological inacitivity of Leydig cells because of exogenous dihydroandrosterone. In Leydig cells of testis in treated group, the distribution of lipids was more than control animals. This may be due to accumulation of cholesterol, which is a precursor of testosterone in inactive Leydig cells.
Mapping of Atrial Activation With a Noncontact, Multielectrode Catheter in Dogs (1999)

This novel noncontact mapping system can evaluate conduction patterns during sinus rhythm, demonstrate reentry during atrial flutter, and describe right atrial activation during atrial fibrillation. The accuracy of electrogram reconstruction was good at sites <4.0 cm from the balloon center, and thus the system has the ability to perform high-resolution multisite mapping of atrial tachyarrhythmias in vivo.
Endogenous Targets of Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis (2000)

Andrea Steimer, Paolo Amedeo, Karin Afsar, Paul Fransz, Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid, Jerzy Paszkowski, Endogenous Targets of Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 7 (Jul., 2000), pp. 1165-1178
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [gamma]-Gliadin Accumulates in Dense Protein Bodies within the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Yeast (1993)

Following their sequestration into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), wheat storage proteins may either be retained and packaged into protein bodies within this organelle or transported via the Golgi to vacuoles. We attempted to study the processes of transport and packaging of wheat storage proteins using the heterologous expression system of yeast. A wild-type wheat [gamma]-gliadin, expressed in the yeast cells, accumulated mostly within the ER and was deposited in protein bodies with similar density to natural protein bodies from wheat endosperm. This suggested that wheat storage proteins contain sufficient information to initiate the formation of protein bodies in the ER of a heterologous system. Only a small amount of the [gamma]-gliadin was transported to the yeast vacuoles. When a deletion mutant of the [gamma]-gliadin, lacking the entire N-terminal repetitive region, was expressed in the yeast cells, the mutant was unable to initiate the formation of protein bodies within the ER and was completely transported to the yeast vacuole. This strongly indicated that the information for packaging into dense protein bodies within the ER resides in the N-terminal repetitive region of the [gamma]-gliadin. The advantage of using yeast to identify the signals and mechanisms controlling the transport of wheat storage proteins and their deposition in protein bodies is discussed.
Mutant ras oncogenes upregulate VEGF/VPF expression: implications for induction and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. (1995)

The growth of solid tumors in vivo beyond 1-2 mm in diameter requires induction and maintenance of an angiogenic response. This can occur through the release of various angiogenic growth factors from tumor cells. One such factor is vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF), a secreted and specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. We show that one of the most commonly encountered genetic changes detected in human cancer, i.e., expression of mutant ras oncogenes, is associated with marked up-regulation of VEGF/VPF in transformed epithelial cells. Thus, elevation of the levels of both VEGF/VPF mRNA and secreted functional protein were detected in human and rodent tumor cell lines expressing mutant K-ras or H-ras oncogenes, respectively. Genetic disruption of the mutant K-ras allele in human colon carcinoma cells was associated with a reduction in VEGF/VPF activity. Furthermore, pharmacological disruption of mutant RAS protein function in H-ras transformed rat intestinal epithelial cells by treatment with L-739,749 (a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor) caused a significant suppression of VEGF/VPF. The results suggest that dominantly acting ras oncogenes may contribute to the growth of solid tumors in vivo not only by a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation but also indirectly, i.e., by facilitating tumor angiogenesis. Hence, pharmacologically targeting mutant ras oncogenes could conceivably suppress solid tumor growth in vivo, in part, by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
The neurological basis of occupation (2007)

The purpose of the present paper was to survey the literature about the neurological basis of human activity and its relationship to occupation and health. Activities related to neurological function were organized into three categories: those that activate the brain's reward system; those that promote the relaxation response; and those that preserve cognitive function into old age. The results from the literature review correlating neurological evidence and activities showed that purposeful and meaningful activities could counter the effects of stress-related diseases and reduce the risk for dementia. Specifically, it was found that music, drawing, meditation, reading, arts and crafts, and home repairs, for example, can stimulate the neurogical system and enhance health and well-being, Prospective research studies are needed to examine the effects of purposeful activities on reducing stress and slowing the rate of cognitive decline.
A novel protein complex that interacts with the vitamin D3 receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances VDR transactivation in a cell-free system (1998)

Nuclear receptors transduce hormonal signals by binding directly to DNA target sites in promoters and modulating the transcription of linked genes. Receptor-mediated transactivation appears to be potentiated in response to ligand by a number of coactivators that may provide key interactions with components of the transcription preinitiation complex and/or alter chromatin structure. Here, we use the vitamin D3 receptor ligand-binding domain (VDR LBD) as an affinity matrix to identify components of a transcriptionally active nuclear extract that interact with VDR in response to ligand. We describe the purification of a complex of at least 10 VDR interacting proteins (DRIPs) ranging from 65 to 250 kD that associate with the receptor in a strictly 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent manner. These proteins also appear to interact with other, but not all, nuclear receptors, such as the thyroid hormone receptor. The DRIPs are distinct from known nuclear receptor coactivators, although like these coactivators, their interaction also requires the AF-2 transactivation motif of VDR. In addition, the DRIP complex contains histone acetyltransferase activity, indicating that at least one or more of the DRIPs may function at the level of nucleosomal modification. However, we show that the DRIPs selectively enhance the transcriptional activity of VDR on a naked DNA template utilizing a cell-free, ligand-dependent transcription assay. Moreover, this activity can be specifically depleted from the extract by liganded, but not unliganded, VDR-LBD. Overexpression of DRIP100 in vivo resulted in a strong squelching of VDR transactivation, suggesting the sequestration of other limiting factors, including components of the DRIP complex. These results demonstrate the existence of a new complex of novel functional nuclear receptor coactivators.
Fast motif matching revisited: high-order PWMs, SNPs and indels (2016)

janne.h.korhonen@gmail.com.
Coupling of surface plasmon waves in metal/dielectric gap waveguides and single interface waveguides (2007)

Low-loss, high-integration photonic routing may be realized with a surface plasmon waveguide of the vertical metal/dielectric interface on a substrate. End-fire coupling of light into surface plasmon waves through a metal/dielectric/metal gap waveguide coupler and conversion of surface plasmon modes between the gap waveguides and single metal/dielectric interface waveguides is discussed. High efficiency in coupling of incident light into surface plasmons for waveguiding is quantitatively shown. The coupling efficiency of surface plasmons between the gap waveguide and the conjunct single interface waveguide can reach as high as more than 80% at the wavelength of 600 nm.
Observation of Bragg reflection in photonic crystals synthesized from air spheres in a titania matrix (2000)

Three-dimensional photonic crystals made of close-packed air spheres in an interconnected titania matrix have been fabricated using a self-organized template of polystyrene microspheres of 400 nm diameter. The matrix was obtained by vacuum-assisted infiltration of a precursor, with subsequent removal of the microspheres by calcination. Electron microscopy has confirmed the ordering of the structure and the presence of features likely to enlarge the photonic band gap. The reflection spectra of the crystal measured at different angles of incidence are consistent with Bragg’s law and with theoretical calculations, confirming the photonic nature of the material.