gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power microwave GaN/AlGaN HEMTs on semi-insulating silicon carbide substrates (1999)

Record performance of high-power GaN/Al/sub 0.14/-Ga/sub 0.86/N high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC substrates is reported. Devices of 0.125-0.25 mm gate periphery show high CW power densities between 5.3 and 6.9 W/mm, with a typical power-added efficiency (PAE) of 35.4% and an associated gain of 9.2 dB at 10 GHz. High-electron mobility transistors with 1.5-mm gate widths (12×125 μm), measured on-wafer, exhibit a total output power of 3.9 W CW (2.6 W/mm) at 10 GHz with a PAE of 29% and an associated gain of 10 dB at the -2 dB compression point. A 3-mm HEMT, packaged with a hybrid matching circuit, demonstrated 9.1 W CW at 7.4 GHz with a PAE of 29.6% and a gain of 7.1 dB. These data represent the highest power density, total power, and associated gain demonstrated for a III-nitride HEMT under RF drive.
Nitric oxide – cyclic GMP pathway regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation: implications in vascular diseases (1998)

The role of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in the regulation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype was examined using a transfected cell culture system. Repetitively passaged VSMC do not express PKG and exist in the synthetic phenotype. Transfection of PKG-l alpha cDNA, or the active catalytic domain of PKG-l alpha, resulted in the appearance of VSMC having a morphology consistent with the contractile phenotype. PKG-expressing cells also contained markers for the contractile phenotype (for example, smooth muscle specific myosin heavy chain, calponin, alpha-actin) and reduced levels of synthetic phenotype markers (osteopontin, thrombospondin). PKG-transfected VSMC have also reduced the levels of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 2, consistent with the establishment of a more contractile phenotype. The regulation of PKG expression in VSMC is largely undefined; however, continuous exposure of cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells with nitric oxide (NO)-donor drugs or cyclic nucleotide analogues reduced the expression of PKG. These results suggest that PKG occupies a critical role in VSMC phenotype and that suppression of PKG expression during inflammation or injury promotes a more synthetic state of the VSMC.
Domain Organization and Evolution of Multifunctional Autoprocessing Repeats-in-Toxin (MARTX) Toxin in Vibrio vulnificus (2010)

The objective of this study was to analyze multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin domain organization within the aquatic species Vibrio vulnificus as well as to study the evolution of the rtxA1 gene. The species is subdivided into three biotypes that differ in host range and geographical distribution. We have found three different types (I, II, and III) of V. vulnificus MARTX (MARTX(Vv)) toxins with common domains (an autocatalytic cysteine protease domain [CPD], an α/β-hydrolase domain, and a domain resembling that of the LifA protein of Escherichia coli O127:H6 E2348/69 [Efa/LifA]) and specific domains (a Rho-GTPase inactivation domain [RID], a domain of unknown function [DUF], a domain resembling that of the rtxA protein of Photorhabdus asymbiotica [rtxA(PA)], and an actin cross-linking domain [ACD]). Biotype 1 isolates harbor MARTX(Vv) toxin types I and II, biotype 2 isolates carry MARTX(Vv) toxin type III, and biotype 3 isolates have MARTX(Vv) toxin type II. The analyzed biotype 2 isolates harbor two identical copies of rtxA1, one chromosomal and the other plasmidic. The evolutionary history of the gene demonstrates that MARTX(Vv) toxins are mosaics, comprising pieces with different evolutionary histories, some of which have been acquired by intra- or interspecific horizontal gene transfer. Finally, we have found evidence that the evolutionary history of the rtxA1 gene for biotype 2 differs totally from the gene history of biotypes 1 and 3.
The regulatory regions of the rice tungro bacilliform virus promoter and interacting nuclear factors in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1995)

The Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) promoter confers phloem-specific gene expression in transgenic rice plants. A series of promoter deletion mutants were fused with the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase A (uidA) reporter gene and introduced into transgenic rice plants. The RTBV promoter confers substantially stronger expression in shoots than in roots. A fragment of the promoter comprising nucleotides -164 to +45 relative to the transcriptional start site contains sufficient information for phloem-specific gene expression. Within this region, nucleotides -164 to -43 were essential for promoter function since deletion of this fragment dramatically reduced promoter activity. Gel-retardation assays identified two groups of rice nuclear factors (RNFG1 and RNFG2) that bind to the -164 to +45 promoter fragment. Competition and DNasel footprinting experiments indicated that RNFG1 bound to nucleotides -3 to +8 (Box I) while RNFG2 bound to nucleotides -53 to -39 (Box II). Interactions between the two groups of factors were observed. In addition, we found differences in the binding of nuclear factors from shoots versus from roots, in agreement with the different activities of the promoter in these two organs. It is proposed that binding of RNFG1 and RNFG2 between nucleotides -164 to +45 is essential for the tissue-specific expression of this promoter.
Robotic Emotional Expression Generation Based on Mood Transition and Personality Model (2012)

This paper presents a method of mood transition design of a robot for autonomous emotional interaction with humans. A 2-D emotional model is proposed to combine robot emotion, mood, and personality in order to generate emotional expressions. In this design, the robot personality is programmed by adjusting the factors of the five factor model proposed by psychologists. From Big Five personality traits, the influence factors of robot mood transition are determined. Furthermore, a method to fuse basic robotic emotional behaviors is proposed in order to manifest robotic emotional states via continuous facial expressions. An artificial face on a screen is a way to provide a robot with a humanlike appearance, which might be useful for human-robot interaction. An artificial face simulator has been implemented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Questionnaire surveys have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method by observing robotic responses to a user's emotional expressions. Preliminary experimental results on a robotic head show that the proposed mood state transition scheme appropriately responds to a user's emotional changes in a continuous manner.
Identification of a corner tunneling current component in advanced CMOS-compatible bipolar transistors (1991)

A corner tunneling current component in the reverse-biased emitter-base junction of advanced CMOS compatible polysilicon self-aligned bipolar transistors has been identified by measuring base current as a function of temperature, bias voltage, and emitter shape. This current is found to be an excess tunneling current caused by an increase in defect density in the corners of the emitter and gives rise to three-dimensional effects in small-geometry devices. The devices used for this study were selected from batches aimed at optimizing the emitter-base system. For this reason, the starting material was n-type ( approximately 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/) and provided the collector regions of the transistors. The intrinsic base and lightly doped extrinsic base regions were both implanted at 30 keV to a dose of 1*10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/. The activation anneal was performed at 1060 degrees C for 20 s in a rapid thermal annealer. Under such conditions, the emitter-base junction is located about 600 AA below the polysilicon-substrate interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Homologous recombination in mammalian cells mediates formation of a functional gene from two overlapping gene fragments. (1983)

Chinese hamster cells with a lesion in the CAD gene (cell line Urd-A) require exogenous uridine to survive. Uridine prototrophs could be isolated after introducing two recombinant plasmids containing overlapping fragments of a cloned Syrian hamster CAD gene. In contrast, no uridine prototrophs were obtained after introducing a plasmid containing only one of the two overlapping fragments. DNA restriction analysis showed that the prototrophic transformants contain a functional CAD gene which was formed by a recombination event in the overlapping region of the two clones. Most of the recombination events involved homologous exchanges, and some of them apparently were reciprocal. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the donated sequences were integrated at a single chromosomal site which was different in each transformant. These results demonstrate the existence of a recombination system(s) in mammalian cells that can catalyze homologous exchanges. Recombination between donated sequences is a means by which this system can be characterized and also utilized for the production of novel gene fusions.
TRPM5 is a transient Ca 2+ -activated cation channel responding to rapid changes in [Ca 2+ ] i (2003)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a diverse family of proteins with structural features typical of ion channels. TRPM5, a member of the TRPM subfamily, plays an important role in taste receptors, although its activation mechanism remains controversial and its function in signal transduction is unknown. Here we characterize the functional properties of heterologously expressed human TRPM5 in HEK-293 cells. TRPM5 displays characteristics of a calcium-activated, nonselective cation channel with a unitary conductance of 25 pS. TRPM5 is a monovalent-specific, nonselective cation channel that carries Na+, K+, and Cs+ ions equally well, but not Ca2+ ions. It is directly activated by [Ca2+]i at concentrations of 0.3-1 microM, whereas higher concentrations are inhibitory, resulting in a bell-shaped dose-response curve. It activates and deactivates rapidly even during sustained elevations in [Ca2+]i, thereby inducing a transient membrane depolarization. TRPM5 does not simply mirror levels of [Ca2+]i, but instead responds to the rate of change in [Ca2+]i in that it requires rapid changes in [Ca2+]i to generate significant whole-cell currents, whereas slow elevations in [Ca2+]i to equivalent levels are ineffective. Moreover, we demonstrate that TRPM5 is not limited to taste signal transduction, because we detect the presence of TRPM5 in a variety of tissues and we identify endogenous TRPM5-like currents in a pancreatic beta cell line. TRPM5 can be activated physiologically by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-producing receptor agonists, and it may therefore couple intracellular Ca2+ release to electrical activity and subsequent cellular responses.
Cascade polymers. 35. pH dependence of hydrodynamic radii of acid-terminated dendrimers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCascade polymers. 35. pH dependence of hydrodynamic radii of acid-terminated dendrimersGeorge R. Newkome, James K. Young, Gregory R. Baker, Robert L. Potter, Laurent Audoly, David Cooper, Claus D. Weis, Kevin Morris, and Charles S. Johnson Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 9, 2394–2396Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00061a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00061a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 gD Elicit Robust CD4+Th1 Immune Responses and Are Protective in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Vaginal Challenge (2006)

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vectors offer an attractive approach for the induction of robust cellular and humoral immune responses directed against human pathogen target antigens. We evaluated rVSV vectors expressing full-length glycoprotein D (gD) from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in mice and guinea pigs for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against genital challenge with wild-type HSV-2. Robust Th1-polarized anti-gD immune responses were demonstrated in the murine model as measured by induction of gD-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increased gamma interferon expression. The isotype makeup of the serum anti-gD immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was consistent with the presence of a Th1-CD4+ anti-gD response, characterized by a high IgG2a/IgG1 IgG subclass ratio. Functional anti-HSV-2 neutralizing serum antibody responses were readily demonstrated in both guinea pigs and mice that had been immunized with rVSV-gD vaccines. Furthermore, guinea pigs and mice were prophylactically protected from genital challenge with high doses of wild-type HSV-2. In addition, guinea pigs were highly protected against the establishment of latent infection as evidenced by low or absent HSV-2 genome copies in dorsal root ganglia after virus challenge. In summary, rVSV-gD vectors were successfully used to elicit potent anti-gD Th1-like cellular and humoral immune responses that were protective against HSV-2 disease in guinea pigs and mice.
Optoacoustic imaging with synthetic aperture focusing and coherence weighting (2004)

Optoacoustic imaging takes advantage of high optical contrast and low acoustic scattering and has found several biomedical applications. In the common backward mode a laser beam illuminates the image object, and an acoustic transducer located on the same side as the laser beam detects the optoacoustic signal produced by thermoelastic effects. A cross-sectional image is formed by laterally scanning the laser beam and the transducer. Although the laser beam width is generally narrow to provide good lateral resolution, strong optical scattering in tissue broadens the optical illumination pattern and thus degrades the lateral resolution. To solve this problem, a combination of the synthetic aperture focusing technique with coherence weighting is proposed. This method synthesizes a large aperture by summing properly delayed signals received at different positions. The focusing quality is further improved by using the signal coherence as an image quality index. A phantom comprising hair threads in a 1% milk solution was imaged with an optoacoustic imaging system. The results show that the proposed technique improved lateral resolution by 400-800% and the signal-to-noise ratio by 7-23 dB over conventional techniques.
Multi-View Perceptron: a Deep Model for Learning Face Identity and View Representations (2014)

Various factors, such as identity, view, and illumination, are coupled in face images. Disentangling the identity and view representations is a major challenge in face recognition. Existing face recognition systems either use handcrafted features or learn features discriminatively to improve recognition accuracy. This is different from the behavior of primate brain. Recent studies [5, 19] discovered that primate brain has a face-processing network, where view and identity are processed by different neurons. Taking into account this instinct, this paper proposes a novel deep neural net, named multi-view perceptron (MVP), which can untangle the identity and view features, and in the meanwhile infer a full spectrum of multi-view images, given a single 2D face image. The identity features of MVP achieve superior performance on the MultiPIE dataset. MVP is also capable to interpolate and predict images under viewpoints that are unobserved in the training data.
Advanced Hepatic Ablation Technique for Creating Complete Cell Death: Irreversible Electroporation (2010)

In an animal model, IRE proved to be a fast, safe, and potent ablative method, causing complete tissue death by means of apoptosis. Cell death is seen with full preservation of periablative zone structures, including blood vessels, bile ducts, and neighboring nonablated tissues.
Cardiac Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and their Assembly into Engineered Heart Muscle (2012)

The advent of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells has created the unique opportunity for the development of a wide variety of humanized cellular tools for basic research, as well as industrial and clinical applications. It has, however, become apparent that embryonic stem cell derivatives in classical monolayer or embryoid body culture do not resemble bona fide tissues, mainly because of their limited organotypic organization and maturation in these culture formats. This shortcoming may be addressed by tissue engineering technologies aiming at the provision of a "natural" growth environment to facilitate organotypic tissue assembly. In this unit, we provide two harmonized basic protocols for (1) cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells under serum-free conditions and (2) the assembly of the stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into engineered heart muscle. This protocol can be easily adapted to bioengineer heart muscle also from other stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, including cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Tissue-Specific Calpain Predominantly Expressed in the Digestive Tract (1998)

In the course of the genomic cloning of nCL-2, a stomach-specific calpain, we identified a genomic clone encoding a novel member of the calpain large subunit family and designated it 'nCL-4'. First, using exon sequences, we cloned the cDNA for mouse nCL-4. Based on this sequence, we also cloned the cDNAs for rat and human nCL-4. In the case of human nCL-4, the longest open reading frame encodes 690 amino acid residues (Mr 79095) with equal sequence similarities (50-55%) to both ubiquitous and organ-specific calpain large subunits from mammals. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that nCL-4 is highly conserved among mammals. nCL-4 can be aligned without significant deletions or insertions, and, thus, like other calpains, can be divided into four domains (I-IV). The significant similarity of domains II and IV to those in conventional calpain large subunits suggests the potential protease activity and Ca2+-binding ability of nCL-4. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNA for nCL-4 is expressed predominantly in stomach and small intestine but not in uterus, suggesting specialized functions of nCL-4 in the digestive tract. When overexpressed in COS-7 cells, a specific band for nCL-4 was detected. In addition, the gene coding for nCL-4 was localized on human chromosome 1.
Chlorine precursor route (CPR) chemistry to poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)‐based light emitting diodes (1995)

Thin film organic electrolumiscent devices based on poly 2,3‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene (DP‐PPV, see Fig.) have been fabricated using the chlorine‐precursor route. Devices with the configuration Mg/DP/‐PPV/ITO are shown to have an external quantum efficiency for green electroluminescence of 0.1%, a value comparable to the efficiency of CA/PPV devices. magnified image
Triggered Cell Release from Materials Using Bioadhesive Photocleavable Linkers (2011)

A light-controlled method for cell release by means of surface modification with photolabile linkers is presented. This approach is applicable to any material, provided that the linker is properly designed, and provides direct control over the molecular interactions involved in cell adhesion. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Uncovering Molecular Bases Underlying Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Inhibitor Selectivity (2015)

Abnormal alteration of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is implicated in many types of diseases including cancer and heterotopic ossifications. Hence, small molecules targeting BMP type I receptors (BMPRI) to interrupt BMP signaling are believed to be an effective approach to treat these diseases. However, lack of understanding of the molecular determinants responsible for the binding selectivity of current BMP inhibitors has been a big hindrance to the development of BMP inhibitors for clinical use. To address this issue, we carried out in silico experiments to test whether computational methods can reproduce and explain the high selectivity of a small molecule BMP inhibitor DMH1 on BMPRI kinase ALK2 vs. the closely related TGF-β type I receptor kinase ALK5 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) tyrosine kinase. We found that, while the rigid docking method used here gave nearly identical binding affinity scores among the three kinases; free energy perturbation coupled with Hamiltonian replica-exchange molecular dynamics (FEP/H-REMD) simulations reproduced the absolute binding free energies in excellent agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the binding poses identified by FEP/H-REMD led to a quantitative analysis of physical/chemical determinants governing DMH1 selectivity. The current work illustrates that small changes in the binding site residue type (e.g. pre-hinge region in ALK2 vs. ALK5) or side chain orientation (e.g. Tyr219 in caALK2 vs. wtALK2), as well as a subtle structural modification on the ligand (e.g. DMH1 vs. LDN193189) will cause distinct binding profiles and selectivity among BMP inhibitors. Therefore, the current computational approach represents a new way of investigating BMP inhibitors. Our results provide critical information for designing exclusively selective BMP inhibitors for the development of effective pharmacotherapy for diseases caused by aberrant BMP signaling.