gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Truncated Recombinant Flagellin Subunit Vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni (1999)

ABSTRACT A recombinant protein comprising the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli fused to amino acids 5 to 337 of the FlaA flagellin of Campylobacter coli VC167 was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge by a heterologous strain of campylobacter, Campylobacter jejuni 81-176, in two murine models. The sequence of the flaA gene of strain 81-176 revealed a predicted protein which was 98.1% similar to that of VC167 FlaA over the region expressed in the fusion protein. Mice were immunized intranasally with two doses of 3 to 50 μg of MBP-FlaA, given 8 days apart, with or without 5 μg of the mutant E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT R192G ) as a mucosal adjuvant. The full range of MBP-FlaA doses were effective in eliciting antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses, and these responses were enhanced by adjuvant use, except in the highest dosing group. Stimulation of FlaA-specific intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) responses required immunization with higher doses of MBP-FlaA (≥25 μg) or coadministration of lower doses with the adjuvant. When vaccinated mice were challenged intranasally 26 days after immunization, the best protection was seen in animals given 50 μg of MBP-FlaA plus LT R192G . The protective efficacies of this dose against disease symptoms and intestinal colonization were 81.1 and 84%, respectively. When mice which had been immunized with 50 μg of MBP-FlaA plus LT R192G intranasally were challenged orally with 8 × 10 10 , 8 × 10 9 , or 8 × 10 8 cells of strain 81-176, the protective efficacies against intestinal colonization at 7 days postinfection were 71.4, 71.4, and 100%, respectively.
Aging Better (1998)

Eighteen years ago, the Journal published an article entitled “Aging, Natural Death, and the Compression of Morbidity,” which has been widely cited and hotly debated ever since.1 The author, James Fries, challenged the assumption that the aging of a population is necessarily accompanied by an increasing amount of disability and functional impairment. At least in the developed societies of the world, improvements in public health, nutrition, and medical care have led to large declines in the numbers of deaths in childhood, youth, and middle age. Most people can now expect to live for a period approaching a full life span. . . .
Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Surrogate for Antral Follicle Count for Definition of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2006)

The serum AMH level is an accurate marker of the ovarian early antral follicle number and offers a good diagnostic potency. In situations where accurate ultrasonographic data are not available, AMH could thus be used instead of the follicle count as a diagnostic criterion and incorporated as such in the Rotterdam definition of PCOS.
Meso-Structure Formation for Enhanced Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2005)

[reaction: see text] Formation of a controlled fullerene mesophase within an organic host system has enabled us to create high-power conversion efficiency photovoltaics. This mesophase is formed using thermal gradients that provide a fluidic mobility of the fullerenes allowing for greater dispersion of nanocrystalline 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM) within regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). From this reorganization of the component materials in the matrix the overall efficiency of the system jumps dramatically from the roughly 2.4% to 5.2%.
Thiooligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccines Evoke Antibodies Specific for Native Antigens (2005)

When S is SO much better: Conjugate vaccines that contain S-glycosides induce carbohydrate-specific antibodies that cross react with the corresponding O-glycosides and vice versa. Four distinct systems have been examined, in each of which the antigen-specific response to S-glycosides is either comparable or superior to the response to O-glycosides.
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Antibodies in Human Serum are a Surrogate Marker for In Vivo Protection in a Serum Transfer Mouse Challenge Model (2017)

The immunogenicity of current influenza virus vaccines is assessed by measuring an increase of influenza virus-specific antibodies in a hemagglutination inhibition assay. This method exclusively measures antibodies against the hemagglutinin head domain. While this domain is immunodominant, it has been shown that hemagglutination inhibition titers do not always accurately predict protection from disease. In addition, several novel influenza virus vaccines that are currently under development do not target the hemagglutinin head domain, but rather more conserved sites, including the hemagglutinin stalk. Importantly, antibodies against the hemagglutinin stalk do not show activity in hemagglutination inhibition assays and will require different methods for quantification. In this study, we tested human serum samples from a seasonal influenza virus vaccination trial and an avian H5N1 virus vaccination trial for antibody activities in multiple types of assays, including binding assays and also functional assays. We then performed serum transfer experiments in mice which then received an H1N1 virus challenge to assess the <i>in vivo</i> protective effects of the antibodies. We found that hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) correlated well with protection from weight loss in mice. In addition, we found that weight loss was also inversely correlated with the level of serum antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as measured in a reporter assay. These findings indicate that protection is in part conferred by Fc-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, ELISAs can be used to measure hemagglutinin-specific antibody levels that could serve as a surrogate marker of protection for universal influenza virus vaccines.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Influenza viruses are a serious concern for public health and cause a large number of deaths worldwide every year. Current influenza virus vaccines can confer protection from disease, but they often show low efficacy due to the ever-changing nature of the viruses. Novel vaccination approaches target conserved epitopes of the virus, including the hemagglutinin stalk domain, to elicit universally protective antibodies that also bind to mutated viruses or new subtypes of viruses. Importantly, the hemagglutination inhibition assay-the only assay that has been accepted as a correlate of protection by regulatory authorities-cannot measure antibodies against the hemagglutinin stalk domain. Therefore, novel correlates of protection and assays to measure vaccine immunogenicity need to be developed. In this study, we correlated the results from multiple assays with protection in mice after transfer of human serum and a lethal virus challenge to investigate potential novel serological surrogate markers for protection.
Relay Extensions for the Message Sessions Relay Protocol (MSRP) (2007)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol.Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Prevention of ischemia-induced retinopathy by the natural ocular antiangiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor (2001)

Aberrant blood vessel growth in the retina that underlies the pathology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity is the result of the ischemia-driven disruption of the normally antiangiogenic environment of the retina. In this study, we show that a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis found naturally in the normal eye, pigment epithelium-derived growth factor (PEDF), inhibits such aberrant blood vessel growth in a murine model of ischemia-induced retinopathy. Inhibition was proportional to dose and systemic delivery of recombinant protein at daily doses as low as 2.2 mg/kg could prevent aberrant endothelial cells from crossing the inner limiting membrane. PEDF appeared to inhibit angiogenesis by causing apoptosis of activated endothelial cells, because it induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells and an 8-fold increase in apoptotic endothelial cells could be detected in situ when the ischemic retinas of PEDF-treated animals were compared with vehicle-treated controls. The ability of low doses of PEDF to curtail aberrant growth of ocular endothelial cells without overt harm to retinal morphology suggests that this natural protein may be beneficial in the treatment of a variety of retinal vasculopathies.
Store-dependent and -independent Modes Regulating Ca2+ Release-activated Ca2+ Channel Activity of Human Orai1 and Orai3 (2008)

We evaluated currents induced by expression of human homologs of Orai together with STIM1 in human embryonic kidney cells. When co-expressed with STIM1, Orai1 induced a large inwardly rectifying Ca(2+)-selective current with Ca(2+)-induced slow inactivation. A point mutation of Orai1 (E106D) altered the ion selectivity of the induced Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC)-like current while retaining an inwardly rectifying I-V characteristic. Expression of the C-terminal portion of STIM1 with Orai1 was sufficient to generate CRAC current without store depletion. 2-APB activated a large relatively nonselective current in STIM1 and Orai3 co-expressing cells. 2-APB also induced Ca(2+) influx in Orai3-expressing cells without store depletion or co-expression of STIM1. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB exhibited outward rectification and an inward component representing a mixed calcium and monovalent current. A pore mutant of Orai3 inhibited store-operated Ca(2+) entry and did not carry significant current in response to either store depletion or addition of 2-APB. Analysis of a series of Orai1-3 chimeras revealed the structural determinant responsible for 2-APB-induced current within the sequence from the second to third transmembrane segment of Orai3. The Orai3 current induced by 2-APB may reflect a store-independent mode of CRAC channel activation that opens a relatively nonselective cation pore.
Measurement of T-Cell-Derived Antigen Binding Molecules and Immunoglobulin G Specific toCandida albicansMannan in Sera of Patients with Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (2000)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and T-cell-derived antigen binding molecules (TABM) specific to whole Candida extract and to Candida-derived mannans prepared by both the cetryltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and alkaline degradation (PEAT) methods were measured in the sera of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and controls. In the patients there were significantly higher levels of IgG to both CTAB and PEAT mannans and of TABM to CTAB mannan. TABM specific to CTAB mannan was purified from the serum of a patient with a high titer of this TABM. The purified TABM bound specifically to CTAB mannan and to other yeast and mold extracts. This TABM preparation was associated with transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2), and on specific binding to mannan there was a marked increase in the level of detectable TGF-beta2. This increase in TGF-beta2 level was critically dependent on the relative concentrations of the purified TABM and mannan, being smallest when either was in excess. The TABM specific to CTAB mannan was also shown to inhibit Candida-stimulated gamma interferon production. The results suggest that CTAB mannan-specific TABM may increase susceptibility to vulvovaginal candidiasis in association with a shift in the immune response to the Th2 type.
Cellular microRNA let‐7c inhibits M1 protein expression of the H1N1 influenza A virus in infected human lung epithelial cells (2012)

The influenza virus (IV) triggers a series of signalling events inside host cells and induces complex cellular responses. Studies have suggested that host factors play an essential role in IV replication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that target mRNAs, triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation. Emerging research suggests that host-derived cellular miRNAs are involved in mediating the host-IV interaction. Using miRNA microarrays, we identified several miRNAs aberrantly expressed in IV-infected human lung epithelial cells (A549). Specifically, miR-let-7c was highly up-regulated in IV-infected A549 cells. PITA and miRanda database screening indicated that the let-7c seed sequence is a perfect complementary sequence match to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of viral gene M1 (+) cRNA, but not to PB2 and PA. As detected by a luciferase reporter system, let-7c directly targeted the 3'-UTR of M1 (+) cRNA, but not PB2 and PA. To experimentally identify the function of cellular let-7c, precursor let-7c was transfected into A549 cells. Let-7c down-regulated IV M1 expression at both the (+) cRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, transfection with a let-7c inhibitor enhanced the expression of M1. Therefore, let-7c may reduce IV replication by degrading M1 (+) cRNA. This is the first report indicating that cellular miRNA regulates IV replication through the degradation of viral gene (+) cRNA by matching the 3'-UTR of the viral cRNA. These findings suggest that let-7c plays a role in protecting host cells from the virus in addition to its known cellular functions.
A close examination of performance and power characteristics of 4G LTE networks (2012)

With the recent advent of 4G LTE networks, there has been increasing interest to better understand the performance and power characteristics, compared with 3G/WiFi networks. In this paper, we take one of the first steps in this direction.
Monitoring distributed systems (1987)

The monitoring of distributed systems involves the collection, interpretation, and display of information concerning the interactions among concurrently executing processes. This information and its display can support the debugging, testing, performance evaluation, and dynamic documentation of distributed systems. General problems associated with monitoring are outlined in this paper, and the architecture of a general purpose, extensible, distributed monitoring system is presented. Three approaches to the display of process interactions are described: textual traces, animated graphical traces, and a combination of aspects of the textual and graphical approaches. The roles that each of these approaches fulfill in monitoring and debugging distributed systems are identified and compared. Monitoring tools for collecting communication statistics, detecting deadlock, controlling the non-deterministic execution of distributed systems, and for using protocol specifications in monitoring are also described. Our discussion is based on experience in the development and use of a monitoring system within a distributed programming environment called Jade. Jade was developed within the Computer Science Department of the University of Calgary and is now being used to support teaching and research at a number of university and research organizations.
Comparative Response of Muscle and Subcutaneous Tissue pH During Arterial and Venous Occlusion in Musculocutaneous Flaps (1989)

Clinical measures often fail to detect early tissue ischemia in inadequately perfused flaps. This study investigates the application of a new pH electrode system to monitor tissue metabolism continuously in porcine and human musculocutaneous flaps. Bilateral rectus abdominis flaps based on the deep inferior epigastric pedicle were elevated in eight mixed-breed pigs. Tissue pH was measured in the subcutaneous and muscular layers with miniature glass-tip electrodes. The deep inferior epigastric artery and vein were serially and then concomitantly occluded for 20-minute periods. The decrease in tissue pH was greater following either arterial or pedicle occlusion (each 0.21 +/- 0.03 units) when compared with venous occlusion (0.10 +/- 0.02 units; p less than 0.02). Changes in muscle and subcutaneous hydrogen ion concentration were similar during arterial and venous occlusions (probability not significant). Measurement of subcutaneous pH appears to be a reliable experimental and clinical physiological tool for detecting early tissue ischemia in reconstructive flaps.
A New Task Duplication Based Multitask Scheduling Method (2006)

The paper addresses the problem of scheduling tasks represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG) on distributed environments. Due to the task, communication and resource constraints, the resource matching and task scheduling is NP-hard, even though the number of resources is abounded and task duplication is allowed. A new method named interpersonal relationships evolution algorithm (IREA) is given. The priority rules used are new, relationship number, potentiality, weight and merge degree are defined for cluster's priority, and task potentiality for tasks' priority. The experimental results reveal IREA beats other five algorithms in terms of average performance, and it produces another optimal solution for the classic MJD benchmark
[Formula for calculating the IOL focal power]. (2004)

A formula for calculating the focal IOL power based on SRK-II is suggested and clinically tested. Quadratic non-linear allowances in small (below 23 mm) and big values of the anterior-posterior eye axis are introduced into it, instead of linear allowances, to enhance the calculation accuracy.
Reliability methodology for prediction of micromachined accelerometer stiction (2003)

The accurate prediction of known failure mechanisms is required for success in the integrated circuit marketplace. This study reports an empirically-generated stiction field prediction model methodology for accelerometers prone to stiction failure. A probability distribution function was generated as a function of shock level in g's. Although the population was all very stiction prone, the failure mode is probabilistic and parts have a high survival rate.
Paclitaxel-Loaded Poly(γ-glutamic acid)-poly(lactide) Nanoparticles as a Targeted Drug Delivery System against Cultured HepG2 Cells (2006)

The study was to develop paclitaxel-loaded formulations using a novel type of self-assembled nanoparticles that was composed of block copolymers synthesized from poly(gamma-glutamic acid) and poly(lactide) via a simple coupling reaction. The nanoparticles (the NPs) were prepared with various feed weight ratios of paclitaxel to block copolymer (the P/BC ratio). The morphology of all prepared nanoparticles was spherical and the surfaces were smooth. Increasing the P/BC ratio significantly increased the drug loading content of the prepared nanoparticles, but remarkably reduced the drug loading efficiency. The release rate of paclitaxel from the NPs decreased significantly as the P/BC ratio increased. For the potential of targeting liver cancer cells, galactosamine was further conjugated on the prepared nanoparticles (the Gal-NPs) as a targeting moiety. It was found that the activity in inhibiting the growth of HepG2 cells (a liver cancer cell line) by the Gal-NPs was comparable to that of a clinically available paclitaxel formulation, while the NPs displayed a significantly less activity. This may be attributed to the fact that the Gal-NPs had a specific interaction with HepG2 cells via ligand-receptor recognition. Cells treated with distinct paclitaxel formulations resulted in arrest in the G2/M phase. The arrest of cells in the G2/M phase was highly suggestive of interference by paclitaxel with spindle formation and was consistent with the morphological findings presented herein. In conclusion, the active targeting nature of the Gal-NPs prepared in the study may be used as a potential drug delivery system for the targeted delivery to liver cancers.
Master-slave manipulator based on virtual internal model following control concept (2005)

This paper presents a new control method of master-slave manipulators based on the concept of Virtual Internal Model Following Control, which realizes the master-slave manipulator system with various functions which assist operators as well as bilateral feedback based on external information from sensors or others. In the proposed control system, the virtual internal model is introduced to describe a desired relation between the motion of a master and that of a slave. The external information detected by sensors or others are applied to this model, and the motions of master and slave arms are controlled based on the model. The proposed algorithm is experimentaly applied to the master-slave manipulator with force sensors, and desired response to the external information as well as bilateral feedback is realized.
Solid-state polymerization of diacetylenes (1972)

Differences in the solid-state reactivity of two substituted diacetylenes with identical lattice symmetry (P21/c) are described in terms of the molecular rotational and translational motion necessary for 1,4-addition polymerization. The structural relationship between monomer and polymer has been investigated in detail for the solid-state polymerization of 2,4-hexadiynediol. For the thermal, uv, or γ-ray-induced polymerization of this monomer the same crystallographic relationship was found between the polymer chain direction and the monomer lattice. Mutually reacting monomer molecules are related by a unit-cell translation along the a/c diagonal, which is perpendicular to the unique axis of this monoclinic crystal. X-ray diffraction determination of unit-cell parameters for γ-ray-irradiated samples of differing conversion have confirmed that the polymer enters the monomer lattice as a solid solution and verify the mentioned polymerization mechanism. When these irradiated samples were thermally annealed, phase separation occurred, producing discrete monomer and amorphous polymer phases. Despite the instability of the partially polymerized 2,4-hexadiynediol lattice, ir measurements reveal no free hydroxyl hydrogens either before or after phase separation. Neighboring monomer molecules are indirectly hydrogen bonded together in the c-axis direction, but no hydrogen bonding exists between mutually reacting monomer molecules in disagreement with a previously suggested model for lattice-controlled diacetylene polymerizations. During the polymerization of 2,4-hexadiynediol the center-to-center separation of mutually reacting molecules must change by − 0.44 Å and the conjugated molecular rods must rotate by an angle of at least 28°. This large required molecular rotation suggests that the activation energy for rotation contributes significantly to the activation energy for polymerization. The high entropy of fusion (17.0±1.2 eu) measured for this compound is consistent with low solid-state rotational mobility. No solid-state phase transitions were observed calorimetrically for 2,4-hexadiynediol from − 100°C to the melting point (114.5±0.3°C). The low solid-state reactivity observed for diphenyldiacetylene is reasonable in light of the much larger translation and rotation necessary for 1,4-addition polymerization, respectively, − 1.14 Å and 37.5°. No ethanol insoluble polymer was obtained for γ-ray radiation dosages which resulted in high monomer-to-polymer conversions for 2,4-hexadiynediol. No measurable difference was observed in the melting behavior of γ-ray-irradiated and nonirradiated samples of this high entropy of fusion compound (14.1±0.7 eu).