gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic of regulatory CD25high and activated CD134+ (OX40) T lymphocytes during acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (2004)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a major complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In murine models, freshly isolated or ex vivo expanded CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells (Treg) are able to ameliorate GVHD while maintaining graft-versus-leukaemia reactions. However, in the human setting, prospective studies of this population and its interaction with activated non-regulatory CD134(+) (OX40) lymphocytes during post-transplant follow-up are lacking. In this study, we prospectively quantified CD4(+)CD25(high) and activated CD134(+) lymphocytes in 119 peripheral blood samples from 35 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Fifty-five samples obtained less than 100 d after allogeneic BMT, were not statistically different regarding CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg or CD134(+) lymphocytes compared with those obtained from patients with (n = 35) or without (n = 20) acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD was associated with a small, but not statistically significant, increase in the number of Treg (9.9 vs. 6.7 x 10(6)/L). However, the CD134/CD25(high) ratio was significantly higher during chronic GVHD (cGHVD) when compared with either patients without cGVHD (67.7 +/- 40.3 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.9, P < 0.01) or cGVHD after treatment (67.7 +/- 40.3 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.8, P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the suppressive activity of CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg could be abrogated in vivo during cGVHD by CD134 expression in a much higher number of activated donor T lymphocytes. In addition to CD4(+)CD25(high)ex vivo expansion protocols, OX40 blocking might be crucial to optimize the use of Treg to prevent GVHD.
High‐yield diacylglycerol formation by solid‐phase enzymatic glycerolysis of hydrogenated beef tallow (1994)

Abstract Diglyceride (DG) was prepared by reaction of hydrogenated beef tallow and glycerol in the presence of a Psesudomonas lipase. The yield of DG depended strongly on the reaction temperature. After initial incubation at 60°C for 2 h, followed by the first temperature shift down to 55°C for 4 h and then the second shift down to 48°C for up to 3 d, the reaction mixture became solid and a yield of approximately 90% DG was obtained. About 95% of total DG was 1,3‐DG. The yield of DG was also dependent on the glycerol (GL) to triglyceride (TG) molar ratio. At the molar ratio of 1∶2 (GL/TG), the enzyme‐catalyzed reaction was highly efficient and utilized essentially all of the glycerol. The free fatty acid (FFA) content at equilibrium depended on the water concentration in the glycerol phase. The initial rate of FFA formation was low and was hardly affected by the moisture content between 0.5 and 4%, but, at higher water content (4–6.7%), there was a small increase in the rate.
Activator‐independent formation of a closed complex between σ54‐holoenzyme and nifH and nifU promoters of Klebsiella pneumoniae (1992)

The alternative sigma factor sigma 54 is required for transcription of nitrogen fixation genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other diazotrophs. The nif genes, and other E sigma 54-dependent genes whose products are necessary for a wide range of processes, are postively regulated. A unifying model that is well supported by studies on nif and other nitrogen-regulated (ntr) genes includes the central tenet that sigma 54 confers upon core RNA polymerase the ability to recognize and bind specific promoter sequences, but not the ability to isomerize to the open complex without assistance from the appropriate activator protein. Direct physical evidence for formation of an activator-independent complex between E sigma 54 and the NifA-dependent K. pneumoniae nifH and nifU promoters has, to date, been lacking. Using purified components we have now demonstrated formation of the closed complex at these promoters, indicating that it is an intermediate along the pathway to open complex formation. The closed complex was not detected when conserved features of the promoter were altered by mutation, nor was its stability increased when integration host factor protein was bound adjacent to the E sigma 54 recognition sequence.
Optimal spatial filtering of single trial EEG during imagined hand movement (2000)

The development of an electroencephalograph (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) requires rapid and reliable discrimination of EEG patterns, e.g., associated with imaginary movement. One-sided hand movement imagination results in EEG changes located at contra- and ipsilateral central areas. We demonstrate that spatial filters for multichannel EEG effectively extract discriminatory information from two populations of single-trial EEG, recorded during left- and right-hand movement imagery. The best classification results for three subjects are 90.8%, 92.7%, and 99.7%. The spatial filters are estimated from a set of data by the method of common spatial patterns and reflect the specific activation of cortical areas. The method performs a weighting of the electrodes according to their importance for the classification task. The high recognition rates and computational simplicity make it a promising method for an EEG-based brain-computer interface.
Self-Adaptive Thresholding And Its Application To Extracting Nuclei In Glomeruli Of Human Kidneys (1997)

The authors propose a feature-feedback variable thresholding method in which feature information of the thresholded result is used to tune the thresholding in a proper state where an optimal thresholded result can be obtained, and thus one that is close-loop variable thresholding different from the usual variable thresholding. An original image is convolved with a two-dimensional Gaussian function, and the convolved (blurred) image is used as a surface threshold at which the original image is thresholded. For the thresholded binary image, the selected feature value of extracted objects is calculated, and the value is fed bade to the set value known in advance. The space constant σ of the Gaussian is adjustedaccording to the error between the two values recursively until a proper result is given. The proposed method is applied to extracting nuclei in the glomeruli of human kidneys, where feature selection and the relation between the selected feature and the space constant σ of the Gaussian are discussed. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
CRISPR/Cas9 and Genome Editing in Drosophila (2013)

Recent advances in our ability to design DNA binding factors with specificity for desired sequences have resulted in a revolution in genetic engineering, enabling directed changes to the genome to be made relatively easily. Traditional techniques for generating genetic mutations in most organisms have relied on selection from large pools of randomly induced mutations for those of particular interest, or time-consuming gene targeting by homologous recombination. Drosophila melanogaster has always been at the forefront of genetic analysis, and application of these new genome editing techniques to this organism will revolutionise our approach to performing analysis of gene function in the future. We discuss the recent techniques that apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system to Drosophila, highlight potential uses for this technology and speculate upon the future of genome engineering in this model organism.
Cancer/Testis Genes in Multiple Myeloma: Expression Patterns and Prognosis Value Determined by Microarray Analysis (2007)

Cancer-testis (CT) Ags are expressed in testis and malignant tumors but rarely in nongametogenic tissues. Due to this pattern, they represent attractive targets for cancer vaccination approaches. The aims of the present study are: 1) to assess the expression of CT genes on a pangenomic base in multiple myeloma (MM); 2) to assess the prognosis value of CT gene expression; and 3) to provide selection strategies for CT Ags in clinical vaccination trials. We report the expression pattern of CT genes in purified MM cells (MMC) of 64 patients with newly diagnosed MM and12 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, in normal plasma cell and B cell samples, and in 20 MMC lines. Of the 46 CT genes interrogated by the Affymetrix HG-U133 set arrays, 35 are expressed in the MMC of at least one patient. Of these, 25 are located on chromosome X. The expression of six CT genes is associated with a shorter event-free survival. The MMC of 98% of the patients express at least one CT gene, 86% at least two, and 70% at least three CT genes. By using a set of 10 CT genes including KM-HN-1, MAGE-C1, MAGE-A3/6/12, MAGE-A5, MORC, DDX43, SPACA3, SSX-4, GAGE-1-8, and MAGE-C2, a combination of at least three CT genes-desirable for circumventing tumor escape mechanisms-is obtained in the MMC of 67% of the patients. Provided that the immunogenicity of the products of these 10 CT genes is confirmed, gene expression profiling could be useful in identifying which CT Ags could be used to vaccinate a given patient.
Chimaeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for tumour immunotherapy (2017)

Chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, as one of the cancer immunotherapies, have heralded a new era of treating cancer. The accumulating data, especially about CAR-modified T cells against CD19 support that CAR T-cell therapy is a highly effective immune therapy for B-cell malignancies. Apart from CD19, there have been many trials of CAR T cells directed other tumour specific or associated antigens (TSAs/TAAs) in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. This review will briefly summarize basic CAR structure, parts of reported TSAs/TAAs, results of the clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapies as well as two life-threatening side effects. Experiments in vivo or in vitro, ongoing clinical trials and the outlook for CAR T-cell therapies also be included. Our future efforts will focus on identification of more viable cancer targets and more strategies to make CAR T-cell therapy safer.
An analysis of forty‐two wegener's granulomatosis patients treated with methotrexate and prednisone (1995)

Weekly low-dose MTX was shown in this study to be an acceptable alternative form of therapy for selected patients with WG who do not have immediately life-threatening disease or who have developed serious cyclophosphamide-associated toxicity.
Organic Multilayer White Light Emitting Diodes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOrganic Multilayer White Light Emitting DiodesMarko Strukelj, Rebecca H. Jordan, and Ananth DodabalapurView Author Information AT & T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5, 1213–1214Publication Date (Web):February 7, 1996Publication History Received28 September 1995Published online7 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953302nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953302nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Diodes,Electrodes,Layers,Light,Thin films Get e-Alerts
The Present and Future of Angiogenesis-Directed Treatments of Colorectal Cancer (2006)

The level of angiogenic activity in colorectal tumors has been shown to be a determinant of survival. Recent trials established that, in both the first- and second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, the addition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-directed antibody bevacizumab to chemotherapy significantly prolongs survival compared to chemotherapy alone. Those trials provided proof of principle that inhibition of angiogenesis has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of treatment of this disease. Oral agents directed toward VEGF receptor signaling are in advanced development, but none to date has proven beneficial in phase III trials in advanced colorectal cancer. Additional trials are needed to determine if improved pharmacological characteristics of the small molecules can be modified to replicate the activity of the antibody or if mechanistic differences require a more specific approach. Since bevacizumab has minimal activity as a single agent, a key question for future therapeutic development relates to the interaction between antiangiogenic strategies and cytotoxic therapies. We hypothesize that bevacizumab may potentiate the efficacy of cytotoxics not solely by alterations of tumor interstitial pressure but also by promoting sensitivity to proapoptotic signals consequent upon nutrient and oxygen withdrawal.
Deletions of neuraminidase and resistance to oseltamivir may be a consequence of restricted receptor specificity in recent H3N2 influenza viruses (2009)

H3N2 viruses from 2003 to the present have reduced requirement for NA when passaged in MDCK cells and are resistant to NA inhibitors, possibly by a novel mechanism of narrow receptor specificity such that virus particles do not self-aggregate. These viruses delete internal regions of the NA RNA during passage and are resistant to oseltamivir. However, deletions are independently generated at each passage, suggesting that virus with a full length NA RNA segment initiates the first round of infection.
Neurite outgrowth on a step gradient of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS‐PG) (1992)

Sulfated proteoglycans (PGs) may play a significant role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. They are present in axon-free regions of the developing nervous system and repel elongating neurites in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. The addition of growth-promoting molecules, such as laminin, can modify the inhibitory effect of PGs on neurite outgrowth (Snow, Steindler, and Silver, 1990b). Substrata containing a high-PG/low-laminin ratio completely inhibit neurite outgrowth, while normal, unimpeded outgrowth is observed on low-PG/high-laminin substrata. Therefore, different patterns of neurite outgrowth may result from regulation of the ratio of growth-promoting molecules to growth-inhibiting molecules. Using video microscopy, embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRG), chicken retinal ganglia neurons (RGC), and rat forebrain neurons (FB) were analyzed as they extended processes from a substratum consisting of laminin alone onto a step gradient of increasing concentrations of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG) bound to laminin. In contrast to neurite outgrowth inhibition that occurs at the border of a single stripe of high concentration of CS-PG (Snow et al., 1990b and this study), growth cones grew onto and up CS-PG presented in a step-wise graded distribution. Although the behavior of the different cell types was unique, a common behavior of each cell type was a decrease in the rate of neurite outgrowth with increasing CS-PG concentration. These data suggest that appropriate concentrations of growth-promoting molecules combined with growth-inhibiting molecules may regulate the direction and possibly the timing of neurite outgrowth in vivo. The different responses of different neuronal types suggest that the presence of sulfated PG may have varying effects on different aspects of neuronal development.
Real-time flat-panel detector-based-volume tomographic angiography imaging: detector evaluation (2000)

The purpose of this study is to characterize a real time flat panel detector (FPD)-based imaging system for cone beam volume tomographic digital angiography (CBVTDA) applications. A prototype FPD-based imaging system has been designed and constructed on a modified GE 8800 CT scanner. This system is evaluated for CBVTDA using two phantoms. The system is first characterized in terms of linearity and dynamic range of the detector, the effect of image lag and scatter on the image quality, low contrast resolution and high contrast spatial resolution. The results indicate that the FPD-based imaging system can achieve 2lp/mm spatial resolution and provide appropriate low contrast resolution for intravenous CBVTDA angiography with clinically acceptable entrance exposure level.
Protocol for collection and HPLC analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds in breath (1995)

This noninvasive method for collection and analysis of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones in human breath may enable assessment of lipid peroxidation and metabolic status in vivo. Breath samples are drawn through silica cartridges impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, which traps carbonyls as their hydrazone derivatives. The hydrazone derivatives are eluted from the cartridges with acetonitrile, separated by reversed-phase HPLC, and quantified spectrophotometrically. Using this method, we have measured formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, 2-butanone, butanal, pentanal, and hexanal. Recoveries of carbonyls added to Douglas bags were > 90%, except for 2-butanone, which was 86.2%. The overall CVs for sampling plus analyzing duplicate aliquots of breath were < 11%. The results indicate that this protocol can be used to monitor changes of carbonyl production by analyzing expired air, which may, with further study, indicate physiological and pathological status.
Simultaneous structure and texture image inpainting (2003)

An algorithm for the simultaneous filling-in of texture and structure in regions of missing image information is presented in this paper. The basic idea is to first decompose the image into the sum of two functions with different basic characteristics, and then reconstruct each one of these functions separately with structure and texture filling-in algorithms. The first function used in the decomposition is of bounded variation, representing the underlying image structure, while the second function captures the texture and possible noise. The region of missing information in the bounded variation image is reconstructed using image inpainting algorithms, while the same region in the texture image is filled-in with texture synthesis techniques. The original image is then reconstructed adding back these two sub-images. The novel contribution of this paper is then in the combination of these three previously developed components, image decomposition with inpainting and texture synthesis, which permits the simultaneous use of filling-in algorithms that are suited for different image characteristics. Examples on real images show the advantages of this proposed approach.
Fractal analysis of bidimensional profiles and application to electromagnetic scattering from soils (2002)

This communication addresses relevancy of fractals as descriptors of bare soils and fractal dimension of the ultra wide band scattered field as a discriminating feature for them. The box counting method is described and applied to numerically generated profiles, experimental soil profiles and simulated scattered fields. The experimental soil profiles are found to exhibit a fractal behavior. It is shown that a monotonous relation links profile and scattered field fractal dimensions.
Activated Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IIγ Is a Critical Regulator of Myeloid Leukemia Cell Proliferation (2008)

Ca(2+) signaling is an important component of signal transduction pathways regulating B and T lymphocyte proliferation, but the functional role of Ca(2+) signaling in regulating myeloid leukemia cell proliferation has been largely unexplored. We observe that the activated (autophosphorylated) Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIgamma (CaMKIIgamma) is invariably present in myeloid leukemia cell lines as well as in the majority of primary acute myelogenous leukemia patient samples. In contrast, myeloid leukemia cells induced to terminally differentiate or undergo growth arrest display a marked reduction in this CaMKIIgamma autophosphorylation. In cells harboring the bcr-abl oncogene, the activation (autophosphorylation) of CaMKIIgamma is regulated by this oncogene. Moreover, inhibition of CaMKIIgamma activity with pharmacologic agents, dominant-negative constructs, or short hairpin RNAs inhibits the proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells, and this is associated with the inactivation/down-regulation of multiple critical signal transduction networks involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3beta)/beta-catenin pathways. In myeloid leukemia cells, CaMKIIgamma directly phosphorylates Stat3 and enhances its transcriptional activity. Thus, CaMKIIgamma is a critical regulator of multiple signaling networks regulating the proliferation of myeloid leukemia cells. Inhibiting CaMKIIgamma may represent a novel approach in the targeted therapy of myeloid leukemia.
Genes regulated by androgen in the rat ventral prostate (1997)

Genes that are regulated by androgen in the prostate were studied in the rat. Four of the less than 10 genes that are down-regulated by androgen in the ventral prostate of a 7-day castrated rat were identified; their mRNAs decayed with identical kinetics. Twenty-five of the estimated 56 genes that are up-regulated by androgen in the castrated prostate have been isolated. The up-regulated genes fall into two kinetic types. Early genes are significantly up-regulated by 6.5 hr whereas the delayed genes respond mainly after 24 hr from the time of androgen replacement. These androgen-response genes are also regulated in the prostate by castration, indicating that these genes could play important roles in androgen-induced regrowth and/or castration-induced regression of the prostate during hormonal manipulation. A survey of the tissue specificity showed that the androgen-response gene expression program in the prostate is mainly prostate-specific. Total RNA Northern blot analysis detects the expression of about 16 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes in the prostate only. Four up-regulated genes and one down-regulated gene are regulated by androgen in both the prostate and seminal vesicles but not in other organs. The expression of the remaining androgen-response genes is not limited to the prostate but is only responsive to androgen in the prostate. This survey of the androgen-response gene expression program provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of androgen action in the prostate.