gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering Artificial Antigen-presenting Cells to Express a Diverse Array of Co-stimulatory Molecules (2007)

To facilitate the therapeutic application of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we have developed a cell-based artificial APC (aAPC) system by engineering K562 cells with lentiviruses to direct the stable expression and secretion of a variety of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines. Here we report the use of a combinatorial lentiviral gene transfer approach to achieve long-term stable expression of at least seven genes in the K562 parental cell line. Expression of various combinations of genes on the aAPC enables the precise determination of human T-cell activation requirements, such that aAPCs can be tailored for the optimal propagation of T-cell subsets with specific growth requirements and distinct functions. The aAPCs support ex vivo growth and long-term expansion of functional human CD8 T cells without requiring the addition of exogenous cytokines, in contrast to the use of natural APCs. Distinct populations of T cells can be expanded with aAPCs expressing CD137L (4-1BBL) and/or CD80. Finally, the aAPCs provide an efficient platform to expand genetically modified T cells and to maintain CD28 expression on CD8 T cells. Therefore, K562-based aAPCs have therapeutic potential for adoptive immunotherapies and vaccinations.
Effect of management policy upon 120 Type 1 diabetic pregnancies: policy decisions in practice (1999)

The target range for blood glucose control in labour of 4-7 mmol/l minimizes maternal hypoglycaemia in labour and the data indicate that an upper limit of 8 mmol/l would not increase the risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Fresh thought is required about the matter of preventing congenital abnormalities by achieving better pre-pregnancy and peri-conception blood glucose control.
Outlook for Advanced Semiconductor Process and Manufacturing Technologies (2003)

OVERVIEW: Semiconductor manufacturers’ particular emphasis is on providing LSI (large-scale integration) devices as best solutions in its lineup of microcomputer-based specialty products. This will involve not only performance and functionality, but an equal emphasis on holding down costs, achieving exceptional reliability, and minimizing time to market in developing new products. Supporting these efforts are semiconductor device technology and manufacturing equipment built by Hitachi Group, common technologies developed through national projects and consortiums, and highreliability high-yield manufacturing technologies. By combining a silicon technology platform based on these manufacturing technologies and core technology-based devices, the Hitachi Group contributes to produce a wide range of specialty products and responds quickly to new user demands. Takahiro Onai, Dr.Eng. Shinichiro Kimura, Dr.Eng. Kazuyuki Suko Hiroshi Miyazaki, Dr.Eng. Fumiko Yano, Dr.Eng.
Antibody to very late activation antigen 4 prevents antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and cellular infiltration in the guinea pig airways. (1994)

This report examines the effect of an anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) HP1/2 on antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine, and on eosinophil and T lymphocyte infiltration in the airways of guinea pigs sensitized and challenged by aerosolized ovalbumin and used 24 h thereafter. The intravenous administration of 2.5 mg/kg of HP1/2, but not of its isotype-matched mAb 1E6, 1 h before and 4 h after antigen inhalation, markedly inhibited the increased bronchopulmonary responses to intravenous methacholine, as well as airway eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in bronchial tissue. HP1/2 also suppressed the antigen-induced infiltration of the bronchial wall by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, identified by immunohistochemical technique using specific mAbs that recognize antigenic epitopes of guinea pig T cells. Treatment with HP1/2 also resulted in a significant increase in the number of blood eosinophils, suggesting that inhibition by anti-VLA-4 mAb of eosinophil recruitment to the alveolar compartment may partially account for their accumulation in the circulation. These findings indicate that eosinophil and lymphocyte adhesion and subsequent infiltration into the guinea pig airways that follow antigen challenge are mediated by VLA-4. Furthermore, concomitant inhibition of antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and of cellular infiltration by anti-VLA-4 mAb suggests a relationship between airway inflammation and modifications in the bronchopulmonary function.
Using servers to enhance control system capability (1999)

Many traditional control systems include a distributed collection of front end machines to control hardware. Back end tools are used to view, modify, and record the signals generated by these front end machines. Software servers, which are a middleware layer between the front and back ends, can improve a control system in several ways. Servers can enable on-line processing of raw data, and consolidation of functionality. In many cases data retrieved from the front end must be processed in order to convert the raw data into useful information. These calculations are often redundantly performed by different programs, frequently offline. Servers can monitor the raw data and rapidly perform calculations, producing new signals which can be treated like any other control system signal, and can be used by any back end application. Algorithms can be incorporated to actively modify signal values in the control system based upon changes of other signals, essentially producing feedback in a control system. Servers thus increase the flexibility of a control system. Lastly, servers running on inexpensive UNIX workstations can relay or cache frequently needed information, reducing the load on front end hardware by functioning as concentrators. Rather than many back end tools connecting directly to the front end machines, increasing the work load of these machines, they instead connect to the server. Servers like those discussed have been used successfully at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to provide functionality such as beam steering, fault monitoring, storage of machine parameters, and on-line data processing. The authors discuss the potential uses of such servers, and share the results of work performed to date.
Systemic pharmacokinetics following intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, bevacizumab or aflibercept in patients with neovascular AMD (2014)

NCT02118831.
Clonal derivation of white and brown adipocyte progenitor cell lines from human pluripotent stem cells (2019)

Taken together, these data demonstrate that self-renewing adipocyte progenitor cells can be derived from hES cells and that they are functionally like BAT cells but with unique properties that might be advantageous for basic research and for development of cell-based treatments for metabolic diseases.
Epithelial Transport in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2014)

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the most versatile tissues in the organism, responsible for providing a tight barrier between dietary and bacterial antigens and the mucosal and systemic immune system while maintaining efficient digestive and absorptive processes to ensure adequate nutrient and energy supply. Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are associated with a breakdown of both functions, which in some cases are clearly interrelated. In this updated literature review, we focus on the effects of intestinal inflammation and the associated immune mediators on selected aspects of the transepithelial transport of macronutrients and micronutrients. The mechanisms responsible for nutritional deficiencies are not always clear and could be related to decreased intake, malabsorption, and excess losses. We summarize the known causes of nutrient deficiencies and the mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease-associated diarrhea. We also overview the consequences of impaired epithelial transport, which infrequently transcend its primary purpose to affect the gut microbial ecology and epithelial integrity. Although some of those regulatory mechanisms are relatively well established, more work needs to be done to determine how inflammatory cytokines can alter the transport process of nutrients across the gastrointestinal and renal epithelia.
Neuropathic Extremity Pain and Spinal Cord Stimulation (2006)

Neuropathic pain of the extremities can be well treated with neurostimulation techniques. Over the past decade, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become more elegant and sophisticated, especially as technological improvements have enabled newer techniques of neurostimulation and more precise targeting of electrically excitable neuronal structures within the spinal canal. These structures include the dorsal columns, the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ), and spinal nerve roots (traversing and/or exiting nerve roots). It is thus more appropriate now to think in terms of intraspinal neurostimulation (INS) rather than SCS, per se. The balanced application of neurostimulation techniques at more than one intraspinal neuronal structure can significantly augment the therapeutic efficacy of INS. A type of “Dual Modality” stimulation technique can be particularly efficacious, as seen with combined nerve root stimulation and dorsal column stimulation (DCS). It is believed that this improved therapeutic effect may stem from the application of neurostimulatory pulses to influence pain pathways other than the dorsal columns (e.g., the lateral spinothalamic tract). In this way, neurostimulation influences a greater number of neuronal systems within the central nervous system (CNS) to effect both stimulatory and inhibitory modulation of the pain signals. New technologies have enabled implanters the opportunity to explore new horizons of neurostimulation therapy for the treatment of chronic neuropathic extremity pain.
Review article: gastric emptying in functional gastrointestinal disorders (2004)

Although delayed gastric emptying has been described in several functional gastrointestinal disorders, and appears to be especially common in functional dyspepsia, the relationship of this finding to symptoms and basic pathophysiology is difficult to define. The delineation of the interactions between delayed gastric emptying, on the one hand, and symptom pathogenesis, on the other, has been hampered by several factors. These include the limitations of the methodology itself, the extent of overlap between the various functional disorders and the sensitivity of gastric emptying to factors external to the stomach, be they elsewhere within the gastrointestinal tract, in the central nervous system or in the environment. In many instances, delayed gastric emptying is an epiphenomenon, reflecting the overlap between inadequately defined functional syndromes, shared pathophysiology or the activation of physiological interactions between the various organs of the gut. In others, it may imply a truly diffuse motor disorder. The disappointments attendant on attempts to alleviate symptoms through approaches designed to accelerate gastric emptying should therefore not come as a surprise. Pending the definition of the true significance of delayed gastric emptying in all functional gastrointestinal disorders, caution should be exerted in the interpretation of this finding in a patient with functional symptoms.
A single-stranded architecture for cotranscriptional folding of RNA nanostructures (2014)

Artificial DNA and RNA structures have been used as scaffolds for a variety of nanoscale devices. In comparison to DNA structures, RNA structures have been limited in size, but they also have advantages: RNA can fold during transcription and thus can be genetically encoded and expressed in cells. We introduce an architecture for designing artificial RNA structures that fold from a single strand, in which arrays of antiparallel RNA helices are precisely organized by RNA tertiary motifs and a new type of crossover pattern. We constructed RNA tiles that assemble into hexagonal lattices and demonstrated that lattices can be made by annealing and/or cotranscriptional folding. Tiles can be scaled up to 660 nucleotides in length, reaching a size comparable to that of large natural ribozymes.
Molecular structure of a gene, VMA1, encoding the catalytic subunit of H(+)-translocating adenosine triphosphatase from vacuolar membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

Subunit a of the vacuolar membrane H(+)-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a catalytic site for ATP hydrolysis. N-terminal sequences of six tryptic peptides of the subunit were determined. Based on the peptide sequence information, a 39-base oligonucleotide probe was synthesized, and the gene encoding the subunit (VMA1) was isolated from a genomic DNA library by hybridization. The nucleotide sequence of the gene predicts a polypeptide of 1,071 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 118,635 daltons, which is much larger than the value 67 kDa estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. N- and C-terminal regions of the deduced sequence (residues 1-284 and 739-1,071) are very similar to those of the catalytic subunits of carrot (69 kDa) and Neurospora crassa (67 kDa) vacuolar membrane H(+)-ATPases (62 and 73% identity over 600 residues, respectively). The homologous regions also show about 25% sequence identity over 400 residues with beta-subunits of F0F1-ATPases. In contrast, the internal region containing 454 amino acid residues (residues 285-738) shows no detectable sequence similarities to any known ATPase subunits and instead is similar to a yeast endonuclease encoded by the HO gene. None of the six tryptic peptides is located in this internal region. Northern blotting analysis detected a single mRNA of 3.5 kilobases, indicating that the gene has no introns. Although the reason for the discrepancy in molecular mass is unclear at present, these results suggest that a novel processing mechanism, which might involve a post-translational excision of the internal region followed by peptide ligation, operates on the yeast VMA1 product. The VMA1 gene has proven to be the same gene as the TFP1 gene (Shih, C.-K., Wagner, R., Feinstein, S., Kanik-Ennulat, C., and Neff, N. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 3094-3103) whose dominant mutant allele (TFP1-408) confers a dominant trifluoperazine resistance and Ca2(+)-sensitive growth. This and our findings suggest that the vacuolar membrane H(+)-ATPase participates in maintenance of cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis.
Intratumoral injection of a CpG oligonucleotide reverts resistance to PD-1 blockade by expanding multifunctional CD8 + T cells (2016)

Despite the impressive rates of clinical response to programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade in multiple cancers, the majority of patients still fail to respond to this therapy. The CT26 tumor in mice showed similar heterogeneity, with most tumors unaffected by anti-PD-1. As in humans, response of CT26 to anti-PD-1 correlated with increased T- and B-cell infiltration and IFN expression. We show that intratumoral injection of a highly interferogenic TLR9 agonist, SD-101, in anti-PD-1 nonresponders led to a complete, durable rejection of essentially all injected tumors and a majority of uninjected, distant-site tumors. Therapeutic efficacy of the combination was also observed with the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and MCA38 colon carcinoma tumor models that show little response to PD-1 blockade alone. Intratumoral SD-101 substantially increased leukocyte infiltration and IFN-regulated gene expression, and its activity was dependent on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and type I IFN signaling. Anti-PD-1 plus intratumoral SD-101 promoted infiltration of activated, proliferating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and led to a synergistic increase in total and tumor antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing both IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, PD-1 blockade could alter the CpG-mediated differentiation of tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells into CD127<sup>low</sup>KLRG1<sup>high</sup> short-lived effector cells, preferentially expanding the CD127<sup>high</sup>KLRG1<sup>low</sup> long-lived memory precursors. Tumor control and intratumoral T-cell proliferation in response to the combined treatment is independent of T-cell trafficking from secondary lymphoid organs. These findings suggest that a CpG oligonucleotide given intratumorally may increase the response of cancer patients to PD-1 blockade, increasing the quantity and the quality of tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells.
Nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with placement of a collagen drainage device (1995)

Since the advent of trabeculectomy with antimetabolite therapy, there have been few changes in the surgical management of glaucoma. This is the first report of a new technique, nonpenetrating trabeculectomy with placement of a collagen drainage device. The procedure facilitates aqueous drainage without entering the human eye. Meticulous surgical dissection of the trabecular meshwork is required with creation of an external filtration tract and subscleral positioning of a collagen device to facilitate aqueous drainage. With this procedure, the surgeon can avoid common complications of glaucoma surgery such as synechias, overfiltration, hypotony, intraocular infection, uveal prolapse, and failed surgical blebs. The procedure and device have been used extensively in Russia.
Dobesilate in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-mediated pathways participate in many of the cellular events implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Thus, targeting FGF signals may be potentially therapeutic in the treatment of psoriasis. We report for the first time on a 43-year-old man with chronic-type plaque psoriasis with a daily topical treatment of dobesilate, a new FGF inhibitor. As early as at day 14, the patient had cleared or achieved excellent improvement of psoriatic skin lesions. Topical dobesilate offers the potential for treatment of plaque psoriasis without atrophy or other local side effects associated with the use of topical corticosteroids.
Dynamics of a laser driven molecular motor (1995)

Using molecular dynamics methods, we have simulated several model graphite nanometer-scale laser driven motors. To our knowledge, this is the first study of laser excitation of a nanometer-scale device. The motors consisted of two concentric graphite cylinders (shaft and sleeve) with one positive and one negative electric charge attached to the shaft; rotational motion of the shaft was induced by applying one or sometimes two oscillating laser fields. The shaft cycled between periods of rotational pendulum-like behavior and unidirectional rotation (motor-like behavior). The motor on and off times strongly depended on the motor size, field strength and frequency, and relative location of the attached positive and negative charges. In addition, the two-laser simulations showed much larger motor on times and more stable rotation than one-laser simulations. A mathematical model of the overall process was obtained by employing computational neural networks (CNNs). A CNN was able to 'learn' the mapping from size, charge position, frequency, and strength of the electric field to the motor on and off times. This multidimensional, nonlinear mapping was determined to within an average accuracy of 2% and could be used to determine initial parameters that would lead to better overall performance of the nanomotor.
Clear Cell Papulosis: A Case Report (2016)

Clear cell papulosis (CCP) is an extremely rare entity, as only about two dozen cases have been reported to date in the English literature [1]. In CCP, white papules arise and cluster bilaterally along the mammary line, usually over the lower abdomen and pubis [2]. There is a predisposition for persons of Asian or Hispanic descents and most cases have been found in healthy children younger than 6 years old [1,3]. Typically, the lesions spontaneously resolve with age [4]. Microscopically, the lesions are composed of aberrant cells derived from sweat gland epithelial cells that grow in a pagetoid pattern in the epidermis [2]. CCP provides evidence for the potential precursor cells for cutaneous Paget’s disease [5]. Pathologists should include CCP in the differential diagnosis of whitish maculopapular lesions in the mammary line.
A Baculovirus Blocks Insect Molting by Producing Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyl Transferase (1989)

The predicted amino acid sequence of a newly identified gene of the insect baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was similar to several uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyl transferases and at least one UDP-glucosyl transferase. Genetic and biochemical studies confirmed that this gene encodes an ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase (egt). This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to ecdysteroids, which are insect molting hormones. Expression of the egt gene allowed the virus to interfere with normal insect development so that molting was blocked in infected larvae of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
Factors controlling prolific gas production from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs: Implications for resource assessment, prospect development, and risk analysis (2004)

Low-permeability reservoirs from the Greater Green River basin of southwest Wyoming are not part of a continuous-type gas accumulation or a basin-center gas system in which productivity is dependent on the development of enigmatic sweet spots. Instead, gas fields in this basin occur in low-permeability, poor-quality reservoir rocks in conventional traps. We examined all significant gas fields in the Greater Green River basin and conclude that they all occur in conventional structural, stratigraphic, or combination traps. We illustrate this by examining several large gas fields in the Greater Green River basin and suggest that observations derived from the Greater Green River basin provide insight to low-permeability, gas-charged sandstones in other basins. We present evidence that the basin is neither regionally gas saturated, nor is it near irreducible water saturation; water production is both common and widespread. Low-permeability reservoirs have unique petrophysical properties, and failure to fully understand these attributes has led to a misunderstanding of fluid distributions in the subsurface. An understanding of multiphase, effective permeability to gas as a function of both varying water saturation and overburden stress is required to fully appreciate the controls on gas-field distribution as well as the controls on individual well and reservoir performance. Low-permeability gas systems such as those found in the Greater Green River basin do not require a paradigm shift in terms of hydrocarbon systems as some have advocated. We conclude that low-permeability gas systems similar to those found in the Greater Green River basin should be evaluated in a manner similar to and consistent with conventional hydrocarbon systems.To date, resource assessments in the Greater Green River basin have assumed a widespread, continuous-type resource distribution. Failure to recognize some of the fundamental elements of low-permeability reservoirs has led to an underappreciation of the risks associated with exploration and development investment decisions in these settings and likely a significant overestimation of available resource levels.
Clickable bifunctional radiometal chelates for peptide labeling (2010)

Novel synthetic methods for producing an array of chelates for use in "click"-radiolabeling of peptides are described, and their reactivity with regards to subsequent conjugation and radiolabeling is discussed.