gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fruit Maturity, Juice Storage, and Juice Extraction Temperature on Quality of ‘Concord’ Grape Juice (1986)

Abstract A factorial study was designed to examine the effects of fruit maturities, juice extraction temperatures, storage time, and storage temperature on the quality of ‘Concord’ grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) juice. Mature grapes produced juice with superior sensory quality and better objective color initially than less-mature grapes, but juice from grapes at both maturities had similar sensory quality after 18 months. The high extraction temperature (99°C) resulted in juice with better color initially than extraction at 60°, but juice extracted at 85° or 99° resulted in greater browning and loss of total anthocyanins during storage than extraction at 60°. High storage temperature (35°) greatly accelerated quality loss. Sensory color ratings correlated better with a ratio of absorbances at 520/430 nm ( r = 0.95) and a/b ( r = 0.92) than other objective color measurements.
Synthesis of phosphorylated pentasaccharides found on asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of phosphorylated pentasaccharides found on asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains of lysosomal enzymesOm P. Srivastava and Ole HindsgaulCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 13, 2869–2875Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00389a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00389a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lithography Computer Aided Design Technology for Embedded Memory in Logic (1998)

We have developed an optical proximity effect correction (OPC) flow for both, the repetitive memory cell patterns by a simulation-based method and for the random logic application specific IC (ASIC) patterns by a rule-based method. Application results for a 0.28 µm static random access memory (SRAM) cell and 0.25 µm ASIC devices have shown that correction time and final data size were feasible for conventional layout design flow and mask fabrication. Also, our system has achieved significant improvement with respect to pattern printing fidelity between designed and printed resist patterns. In addition to this, an automatic alternative phase shift mask (PSM) pattern layout tool has been developed. Using the tool with a double exposure method, 0.16 µm gate patterns for both logic and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) have been obtained with a positive photoresist. The developed lithography computer aided design (CAD) technology has improved the accuracy of pattern formation for state of the art device fabrication. The fabricated patterns have satisfied the required linewidth accuracy, within ±10% of the design value, ones under the practical exposure-focus window.
Heparin and heparan sulphate protect basic fibroblast growth factor from non-enzymic glycosylation (1999)

Non-enzymic glycosylation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) has recently been demonstrated to decrease the mitogenic activity of intracellular bFGF. Loss of this bioactivity has been implicated in impaired wound healing and microangiopathies of diabetes mellitus. In addition to intracellular localization, bFGF is also widely distributed in the extracellular matrix, primarily bound to heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Nonetheless, it is not clear if non-enzymic glycosylation similarly inactivates matrix-bound bFGF. To investigate this, we measured the effect of non-enzymic glycosylation on bFGF bound to heparin, heparan sulphate and related compounds. Incubation of bFGF with the glycosylating agents glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P; 25 mM) or fructose (250 mM) resulted in loss of 90% and 40% of the mitogenic activity of bFGF respectively. Treatment with G3P and fructose also decreased the binding of bFGF to a heparin column. If heparin was added to bFGF prior to non-enzymic glycosylation, the mitogenic activity and heparin affinity of bFGF were nearly completely preserved. A similar protective effect was demonstrated by heparan sulphate, low-molecular-mass heparin and the polysaccharide dextran sulphate, but not by chondroitin sulphate. Whereas non-enzymic glycosylation of bFGF with G3P impaired its ability to stimulate c-myc mRNA expression in fibroblasts, no such impairment was noticeable when bFGF was glycosylated in the presence of heparin. Taken together, these results suggest that HSPG-bound bFGF is resistant to non-enzymic glycosylation-induced loss of activity. Therefore, alteration of this pool probably does not contribute to impaired wound healing seen in diabetes mellitus.
Analysis of Total Factor Energy Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors on Key Energy-Intensive Industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (2018)

In order to realize the synergistic optimization management of energy efficiency in the key energy-intensive industries of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, this paper calculates the total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) of 27 industries in the Jing-Jin-Ji region. We discover that the manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products, the smelting and processing of ferrous metals, and the production and supply of electric power and heat power are key industries, considering their economic output ratio, energy consumption ratio, and energy efficiency. Then, the Malmquist index is used to decompose the TFEE of key energy-intensive industries. The results show that the TFEE changes in the three major industries in the Jing-Jin-Ji region are caused by technological progress. Hebei has the highest total factor average energy efficiency in the production and supply of electric power and heat power industry, the main reason for this being the spillover effect from Beijing enterprises that have led to significant technological changes in Hebei. Due to similar technological advancements, Tianjin has the highest total factor average energy efficiency in the manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products and the smelting and processing of ferrous metals. Therefore, the Jing-Jin-Ji region should work to increase its technological innovation and enhance its core competitiveness. We should optimize the allocation of resources in specific industries to improve the scale efficiency.
A recursive evaluation algorithm for a class of Catmull-Rom splines (1988)

It is known that certain Catmull-Rom splines [7] interpolate their control vertices and share many properties such as affine invariance, global smoothness, and local control with B-spline curves; they are therefore of possible interest to computer aided design. It is shown here that another property a class of Catmull-Rom splines shares with B-spline curves is that both schemes possess a simple recursive evaluation algorithm. The Catmull-Rom evaluation algorithm is constructed by combining the de Boor algorithm for evaluating B-spline curves with Neville's algorithm for evaluating Lagrange polynomials. The recursive evaluation algorithm for Catmull-Rom curves allows rapid evaluation of these curves by pipelining with specially designed hardware. Furthermore it facilitates the development of new, related curve schemes which may have useful shape parameters for altering the shape of the curve without moving the control vertices. It may also be used for constructing transformations to B&amp;eacute;zier and B-spline form.
Otitis Media (1994)

Otitis media is the most common respiratory tract infection of infancy and early childhood that is managed with antibacterial agents. A bacterial pathogen is isolated from the middle ear fluids of approximately two-thirds of children with acute otitis media; S. pneumoniae is the leading bacterial pathogen followed by nontypable strains of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis. Clearance of bacteria from middle ear fluid without use of antibacterial drugs is evident in studies in which a placebo is used. Whereas pneumococci continued to be isolated from middle ear fluids when the infection was not treated, approximately one-half of infections due to nontypable H. influenzae and up to 80% of those due to M. catarrhalis cleared. The microbiological data suggest that only one-third of patients with acute otitis media require antibacterial therapy for resolution of clinical signs and symptoms. However, without the results of prior tympanocentesis, the physician cannot identify the patients for whom the infection will resolve. Thus, the data support use of antibacterial agents for all episodes of acute otitis media to cover adequately the one-third of children who will need the antimicrobial agent to recover from the infection. Effusion persists in the middle ear for weeks to months after every episode of acute otitis media. Conductive hearing loss of some degree occurs whenever the middle ear space is filled with effusion. Decreased scores in tests of speech and cognitive abilities for infants and children who had prolonged middle ear effusion has stimulated investigators to seek means to reduce the duration of middle ear effusion following acute otitis media. Because the pathogenesis of persistent middle ear effusion is uncertain, the results with medical therapies, including antibiotics and steroids, have been inconsistent. Placement of ventilating or tympanostomy tubes to produce drainage and ventilation of the middle ear and to restore hearing is effective and is now the second most frequent surgical procedure in children (after circumcision), but the criteria for placement of tubes are controversial. Prevention of otitis media is possible by use of chemoprophylaxis or vaccines. Chemoprophylaxis has been effective in children with recurrent acute otitis media by reducing new episodes by 40%-90%. A serum antibody response that is age- and type-specific follows pneumococcal infection and protects against subsequent homotypic infection. Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines are not consistently immunogenic in children > 2 years of age, but experimental conjugate polysaccharide vaccines are immunogenic in infants as young as 2 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Specific Binding of Chromosomal Protein HMG1 to DNA Damaged by the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin (1992)

The mechanism of action of the anticancer compound cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) involves covalent binding to DNA. In an effort to understand the tumor-specific cytotoxicity of such DNA damage, the interactions of these lesions with cellular proteins have been studied. One such protein has been identified as the high-mobility group protein HMG1. Recombinant rat HMG1 binds specifically (dissociation constant 3.7 +/- 2.0 x 10(-7) molar) to DNA containing cisplatin d(GpG) or d(ApG) intrastrand cross-links, which unwind and bend DNA in a specific manner, but not to DNA modified by therapeutically inactive platinum analogs. These results suggest how HMG1 might bind to altered DNA structures and may be helpful in designing new antitumor drugs.
CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. (1989)

A novel cell surface antigen has been identified on a wide range of lymphoid cells and erythrocytes. A mAb YTH 53.1 (CD59) against this antigen enhanced the lysis of human red cells and lymphocytes by homologous complement. Studies of reactive lysis using different species of C56, and of whole serum used as a source of C7-9, indicated that the inhibitory activity of the CD59 antigen is directed towards the homologous membrane attack complex. CD59 antigen was purified from human urine and erythrocyte stroma by affinity chromatography using the mAb YTH 53.1 immobilized on Sepharose, and, following transient expression of a human T cell cDNA library in COS cells, the corresponding cDNA also identified using the antibody. It was found that the CD59 antigen is a small protein (approximately 20 kD as judged by SDS-PAGE, 11.5 kD predicted from the isolated cDNA) sometimes associated with larger components (45 and 80 kD) in urine. The sequence of CD59 antigen is unlike that of other complement components or regulatory proteins, but shows 26% identity with that of the murine LY-6 antigen. CD59 antigen was released from the surface of transfected COS cells by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, demonstrating that it is attached to the cell membrane by means of a glycolipid anchor; it is therefore likely to be absent from the surface of affected erythrocytes in the disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
The activation of human gene MAGE-1 in tumor cells is correlated with genome-wide demethylation. (1996)

Human gene MAGE-1 encodes tumor-specific antigens that are recognized on melanoma cells by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. This gene is expressed in a significant proportion of tumors of various histological types, but not in normal tissues except male germ-line cells. We reported previously that reporter genes driven by the MAGE-1 promoter are active not only in the tumor cell lines that express MAGE-1 but also in those that do not. This suggests that the critical factor causing the activation of MAGE-1 in certain tumors is not the presence of the appropriate transcription factors. The two major MAGE-1 promoter elements have an Ets binding site, which contains a CpG dinucleotide. We report here that these CpG are demethylated in the tumor cell lines that express MAGE-1, and are methylated in those that do not express the gene. Methylation of these CpG inhibits the binding of transcription factors, as seen by mobility shift assay. Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine activated gene MAGE-1 not only in tumor cell lines but also in primary fibroblasts. Finally, the overall level of CpG methylation was evaluated in 20 different tumor cell lines. It was inversely correlated with the expression of MAGE-1. We conclude that the activation of MAGE-1 in cancer cells is due to the demethylation of the promoter. This appears to be a consequence of a genome-wide demethylation process that occurs in many cancers and is correlated with tumor progression.
Increase of extracellular corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity levels in the amygdala of awake rats during restraint stress and ethanol withdrawal as measured by microdialysis (1995)

Previous research has suggested a role for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the anxiogenic effects of stressful stimuli and ethanol withdrawal. This hypothesis was explored in a series of experiments using intracranial microdialysis to monitor CRF-like immunoreactivity (CRF-IR) in the extracellular compartment of the rat amygdala. The synaptic origin of CRF-IR release in the amygdala was determined in vitro by assessing the Ca2+ dependency of 4-aminopyridine stimulated CRF-IR release from tissue preparations of rat amygdala. In vivo experiments were performed in awake rats after the placement of microdialysis probes in the amygdala. In the first experiment, transient restraint stress (20 min) produced an increase of CRF-IR release (basal levels, 1.19 +/- 0.15 fmol/50 microliters; stress levels, 4.54 +/- 1.33 fmol/50 microliters; p < 0.05) that returned to basal values within 1 hr. When 4-aminopyridine (5 mM) was added to the perfusion medium, it consistently increased CRF-IR release (4.83 +/- 0.92 fmol/50 microliters, p < 0.05). In the second experiment, CRF-IR release was measured during ethanol withdrawal in rats previously maintained for 2-3 weeks on a liquid diet containing ethanol (8.5%). Basal CRF-IR levels were 2.10 +/- 0.43 fmol/50 microliters in ethanol exposed rats and 1.30 +/- 0.19 fmol/50 microliters in control rats. During withdrawal, a progressive increase of CRF-IR levels over time was observed, reaching peak values at 10-12 hr after the onset of withdrawal (10.65 +/- 0.49 fmol/50 microliters vs 1.15 +/- 0.30 fmol/50 microliters of control rats, p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual Role of Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in the Activation of Protein Kinase B (1997)

Protein kinase B (PKB) is a proto-oncogene that is activated in signaling pathways initiated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Chromatographic separation of brain cytosol revealed a kinase activity that phosphorylated and activated PKB only in the presence of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3]. Phosphorylation occurred exclusively on threonine-308, a residue implicated in activation of PKB in vivo. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was determined to have a dual role: Its binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of PKB was required to allow phosphorylation by the upstream kinase and it directly activated the upstream kinase.
Structures and specificity of the human kallikrein-related peptidases KLK 4, 5, 6, and 7 (2008)

Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are (chymo)-trypsin-like serine proteinases that are expressed in a variety of tissues such as prostate, ovary, breast, testis, brain, and skin. Although their physiological functions have been only partly elucidated, many of the KLKs appear to be useful prognostic cancer markers, showing distinct correlations between their expression levels and different stages of cancer. Recent advances in the purification of 'new type' recombinant KLKs allowed solution of the crystal structures of KLK4, KLK5, KLK6, and KLK7. Along with these data, enzyme kinetic studies and extended substrate specificity profiling have led to an understanding of the non-prime-side substrate preferences of KLK4, 5, 6, and 7. The shape and polarity of the specificity pockets S1-S4 explain well their substrate preferences. KLK4, 5, and 6 exhibit trypsin-like specificity, with a strong preference for Arg at the P1 position of substrates. In contrast, KLK7 displays a unique chymotrypsin-like specificity for Tyr, which is also preferred at P2. All four KLKs show little specificity for P3 residues and have a tendency to accept hydrophobic residues at P4. Interestingly, for KLK4, 5, and 7 extended charged surface regions were observed that most likely serve as exosites for physiological substrates.
TopHat-Fusion: an algorithm for discovery of novel fusion transcripts (2011)

TopHat-Fusion is an algorithm designed to discover transcripts representing fusion gene products, which result from the breakage and re-joining of two different chromosomes, or from rearrangements within a chromosome. TopHat-Fusion is an enhanced version of TopHat, an efficient program that aligns RNA-seq reads without relying on existing annotation. Because it is independent of gene annotation, TopHat-Fusion can discover fusion products deriving from known genes, unknown genes and unannotated splice variants of known genes. Using RNA-seq data from breast and prostate cancer cell lines, we detected both previously reported and novel fusions with solid supporting evidence. TopHat-Fusion is available at http://tophat-fusion.sourceforge.net/.
High fertilization and implantation rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1993)

Previously reported better fertilization rate after intracytoplasmic single sperm injection (ICSI) than after subzonal insemination of several spermatozoa was confirmed in a controlled comparison of the two procedures in 11 patients. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was carried out in 150 consecutive treatment cycles of 150 infertile couples, who had failed to have fertilized oocytes after standard in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures or who were not accepted for IVF because not enough motile spermatozoa were present in the ejaculate. A single spermatozoon was injected into the ooplasm of 1409 metaphase II oocytes. Only 117 oocytes (8.3%) were damaged by the procedure and 830 oocytes (64.2% of the successfully injected oocytes) had two distinct pronuclei the morning after the injection procedure. The fertilization rate was not influenced by semen characteristics. After 24 h of further in-vitro culture, 71.2% of these oocytes developed into embryos, which were transferred or cryopreserved. Only 15 patients did not have embryos replaced. Three-quarters of the transfers were triple-embryo transfers. High pregnancy rates were noticed since 67 pregnancies were achieved, of which 53 were clinical, i.e. a total and clinical pregnancy rate of 44.7% and 35.3% per started cycle and 49.6% and 39.2% per embryo transfer. A total of 237 supernumerary embryos were cryopreserved in 71 treatment cycles.
Comparative studies of various hyaluronic acids produced by microbial fermentation for potential topical ophthalmic applications (2009)

This work presents a comparative study of various hyaluronic acids (HA) produced by fermentation of either Bacillus subtilis or Streptococcus towards the selection of an optimal molecular weight (MW) HA for the preparation of topical ophthalmic formulations. The influence of HA MW on water binding capacity, sterile filtration, rheological properties, precorneal residence time and ocular tolerance of ophthalmic solutions was investigated. Molecular weight did not affect hydration of hyaluronic acid according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In general, medium MW HA (0.6-1 MDa) resulted in solutions that were superior in terms of sterile filtration and kinematic viscosity requirements compared to high MW HA (>1 MDa). Moreover, all HA-based solutions exhibited well-defined viscoelastic properties that depend on MW. Gamma scintigraphic data indicated that HA MW at 0.1% concentration (w/v) and HA origin did not significantly affect the corneal residence time on rabbit eyes. A 0.3% solution of high MW HA had a prolonged residence time in the precorneal area compared to a medium MW HA at the same concentration. Finally, an in vivo ocular irritation test based on confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (CLSO) conclusively showed the excellent tolerance of both Bacillus-derived HA and Streptococcus-derived HA after topical instillation onto the corneal surface. Overall, this comprehensive work highlights the superiority of medium MW hyaluronic acid for topical ophthalmic formulations based on their physico-chemical and biological properties, tolerance and handling. Such solutions are expected to enhance tear film stability, to allow for maximum comfort, and to exhibit high residence times, while being biocompatible and easy to sterile filter.