gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytosol-dependent peroxisomal protein import in a permeabilized cell system. (1993)

Using streptolysin-O (SLO) we have developed a permeabilized cell system retaining the competence to import proteins into peroxisomes. We used luciferase and albumin conjugated with a peptide ending in the peroxisomal targeting sequence, SKL, to monitor the import of proteins into peroxisomes. After incubation with SLO-permeabilized cells, these exogenous proteins accumulated within catalase-containing vesicles. The import was strictly signal dependent and could be blocked by a 10-fold excess of peptide containing the SKL-targeting signal, while a control peptide did not affect the import. Peroxisomal accumulation of proteins was time and temperature dependent and required ATP hydrolysis. Dissipation of the membrane potential did not alter the import efficiency. GTP-hydrolyzing proteins were not required for peroxisomal protein targeting. Depletion of endogenous cytosol from permeabilized cells abolished the competence to import proteins into peroxisomes but import was reconstituted by the addition of external cytosol. We present evidence that cytosol contains factors with SKL-specific binding sites. The activity of cytosol is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment, while the cells contain NEM-sensitive membrane-bound or associated proteins which are involved in the import machinery. The cytosol dependence and NEM-sensitivity of peroxisomal protein import should facilitate the purification of proteins involved in the import of proteins into peroxisomes.
Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991 (1994)

These nationally representative data document a substantial increase in overweight among US adults and support the findings of other investigations that show notable increases in overweight during the past decade. These observations suggest that the Healthy People 2000 objective of reducing the prevalence of overweight US adults to no more than 20% may not be met by the year 2000. Understanding the reasons underlying the increase in the prevalence of overweight in the United States and elucidating the potential consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality present a challenge to our understanding of the etiology, treatment, and prevention of overweight.
Difference in Treatment Outcome in Outpatients With Anxious Versus Nonanxious Depression: A STAR*D Report (2008)

Anxious depression is associated with poorer acute outcomes than nonanxious depression following antidepressant treatment.
Learning Multilevel Distributed Representations for High-Dimensional Sequences (2007)

We describe a family of non-linear sequence models that is substantially more powerful than hidden Markov models or linear dynamical systems. Our models have simple approximate inference and learning procedures that work well in practice. Multilevel representations of sequential data can be learned one hidden layer at a time, and adding extra hidden layers improves the resulting generative models. The models can be trained with very high-dimensional, very non-linear data such as raw pixel sequences. Their performance is demonstrated using synthetic video sequences of two balls bouncing in a box.
Molecular cloning of amyloid cDNA derived from mRNA of the Alzheimer disease brain: coding and noncoding regions of the fetal precursor mRNA are expressed in the cortex. (1988)

To gain insight into factors associated with the excessive accumulation of beta-amyloid in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain, the present studies were initiated to distinguish between a unique primary structure of the AD-specific amyloid precursor mRNA vis a vis other determinants that may affect amyloid levels. Previous molecular cloning experiments focused on amyloid derived from sources other than AD cases. In the present work, we cloned and characterized amyloid cDNA derived directly from AD brain mRNA. Poly(A)+ RNA from AD cortices was used for the preparation of lambda gt11 recombinant cDNA libraries. An insert of 1564 nucleotides was isolated that included the beta-amyloid domain and corresponded to 75% of the coding region and approximately equal to 70% of the 3'-noncoding region of the fetal precursor amyloid cDNA reported by others. On RNA blots, the AD amyloid mRNA consisted of a doublet of 3.2 and 3.4 kilobases. In control and AD cases, the amyloid mRNA levels were nonuniform and were independent of glial-specific mRNA levels. Based on the sequence analysis data, we conclude that a segment of the amyloid gene is expressed in the AD cortex as a high molecular weight precursor mRNA with major coding and 3'-noncoding regions that are identical to the fetal brain gene product.
Multicompartmental analysis of the kinetics of radioiodinated monoclonal antibody in patients with cancer. (1986)

A conceptual biologic model was developed and used to analyze the behavior of 123I-Lym-1 monoclonal antibody against African human B cell lymphoma in patients with B cell lymphoma. Originally, the observed data could not be simulated with parameters for homologous immunoglobulins reported in the literature because of a major processor that was capable of distinguishing this murine immunoglobulin from the patient's own immunoglobulins. With a nonlinear parametric model, the data observed in patients could be fitted to the model. The nonlinear parameter determined the transfer of antibody from the intravascular to a processor compartment, primarily the liver. This transfer was a function of the number of free receptors in the processor. Model simulated curves for the time course of concentration of antibody in the blood for different amounts of injected antibody revealed that blood clearance of radiolabeled antibody was profoundly decreased by increased amount of injected antibody. This model provides an explanation for the observations that tumor imaging is improved with injection of larger amounts of antibody, and a basis for modifying the pharmacokinetic behavior of an antibody in order to optimize radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy.
Cohesive properties and electronic structure of HeuslerL21-phase compoundsNi2XAl (X=Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) (1992)

The ternary (Heusler) L${2}_{1}$-phase compounds ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$XAl (group-IVA or -VA element X=Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Hf, and Ta) have been found to greatly increase the high-temperature creep strength of NiAl. We report here the cohesive properties and electronic structures of these potential high-temperature structural materials in both the Heusler L${2}_{1}$ and the B2 phases determined by means of the all-electron total-energy self-consistent linear muffin-tin orbital method based on the local-density approximation. Our results show that the calculated equilibrium lattice constants of the L${2}_{1}$-structure compounds are in very good agreement with experiment. For ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$TiAl and ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$VAl, the lattice constants are found to match that of NiAl (mismatch is 1.7% and 1.0%, respectively). But for the other four compounds, the mismatch is found to be larger (3.6--5.6%). The difference of the lattice constants in the B2 and the L${2}_{1}$ structures, however, is very small (less than 1%). The formation energy is found to be consistently in favor of the L${2}_{1}$ phase. The Ni d and X d hybridization contributes the most to the cohesion of these compounds whose stability is also made certain by the well-separated filled bonding and empty antibonding states in the density of states. The density of states of the B2 phase is quite similar to that of L${2}_{1}$, but distinctions exist due to their structural differences. The rigid-band approximation is found to work well for these compounds.
Down-regulated γ-catenin expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness in esophageal cancer (2014)

γ-catenin is a tumor suppressor in ESCC and may serve as a prognostic marker. Dysregulated expression of γ-catenin may play important roles in ESCC progression.
Design space exploration for 3D-stacked DRAMs (2011)

3D integration based on TSV (through silicon via) technology enables stacking of multiple memory layers and has the advantage of higher bandwidth at lower energy consumption for the memory interface. As in mobile applications energy efficiency is key, 3D integration is especially here a strategic technology. In this paper we focus on the design space exploration of 3D-stacked DRAMs with respect to performance, energy and area efficiency for densities from 256Mbit to 4Gbit per 3D-DRAM channel. We investigate four different technology nodes from 75nm down to 45nm and show the optimal design point for the currently most common commodity DRAM density of 1Gbit. Multiple channels can be combined for main memory sizes of up to 32GB. We present a functional SystemC model for the 3D-stacked DRAM which is coupled with a SDR/DDR 3D-DRAM channel controller. Parameters for this model were derived from detailed circuit level simulations. The exploration demonstrates that an optimized 1Gbit 3D-DRAM stack is 15× more energy efficient compared to a commodity Low-Power DDR SDRAM part without IO drivers and pads. To the best of our knowledge this is the first design space exploration for 3D-stacked DRAM considering different technologies and real world physical commodity DRAM data.
The gene for a small stable RNA (10Sa RNA) of Escherichia coli (1989)

A gene that codes for a small stable RNA (362 nucleotides) has been sequenced. It is a monocistronic gene, with its own promoter and terminator. It produces a precursor that is about 100 nucleotides longer than the mature RNA with all the extra nucleotides at the 3' end. The gene contains an open reading frame that corresponds to a small protein 25 amino acids long.
Preparation of 2-methylene-.DELTA.4-3-oxo steroids (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2-methylene-.DELTA.4-3-oxo steroidsAndrew J. Manson and David WoodCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 11, 3434–3437Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01286a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01286a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fibromyalgia Syndrome Module at OMERACT 9: Domain Construct (2009)

The objective of the module was to (1) establish a core domain set for fibromyalgia (FM) assessment in clinical trials and practice, (2) review outcome measure performance characteristics, (3) discuss development of a responder index for assessment of FM in clinical trials, (4) review objective markers, (5) review the domain of cognitive dysfunction, and (6) establish a research agenda for outcomes research. Presentations at the module included: (1) Results of univariate and multivariate analysis of 10 FM clinical trials of 4 drugs, mapping key domains identified in previous patient focus group: Delphi exercises and a clinician/researcher Delphi exercise, and breakout discussions to vote on possible essential domains and reliable measures; (2) Updates regarding outcome measure status; (3) Update on objective markers to measure FM disease state; and (4) Review of the issue of cognitive dysfunction (dyscognition) in FM. Consensus was reached as follows: (1) Greater than 70% of OMERACT participants agreed that pain, tenderness, fatigue, patient global, multidimensional function and sleep disturbance domains should be measured in all FM clinical trials; dyscognition and depression should be measured in some trials; and stiffness, anxiety, functional imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers were identified as domains of research interest. (2) FM domain outcome measures have generally proven to be reliable, discriminative, and feasible. More sophisticated and comprehensive measures are in development, as is a responder index for FM. (3) Increasing numbers of objective markers are being developed for FM assessment. (4) Cognitive dysfunction assessment by self-assessed and applied outcome measures is being developed. In conclusion, a multidimensional symptom core set is proposed for evaluation of FM in clinical trials. Research on improved measures of single domains and composite measures is ongoing.
A Comparison of Monodomain and Bidomain Reaction-Diffusion Models for Action Potential Propagation in the Human Heart (2006)

A bidomain reaction-diffusion model of the human heart was developed, and potentials resulting from normal depolarization and repolarization were compared with results from a compatible monodomain model. Comparisons were made for an empty isolated heart and for a heart with fluid-filled ventricles. Both sinus rhythm and ectopic activation were simulated. The bidomain model took 2 days on 32 processors to simulate a complete cardiac cycle. Differences between monodomain and bidomain results were extremely small, even for the extracellular potentials, which in case of the monodomain model were computed with a high-resolution forward model. Propagation of activation was 2% faster in the bidomain model than in the monodomain model. Electrograms computed with monodomain and bidomain models were visually indistinguishable. We conclude that, in the absence of applied currents, propagating action potentials on the scale of a human heart can be studied with a monodomain model.
Mathematical modeling of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling through the phospholipase C pathway: Mechanistic insights and predictions for molecular interventions (2000)

Combining engineering analyses and mathematical modeling with intervention and detection methodologies at the molecular level will allow manipulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways, and therefore rational control of functional processes central to medicine and biotechnology. We have formulated a simple mathematical model of a key signaling pathway required for regulated migration of fibroblasts and other cell types: activation of the intracellular enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and a multitude of other transmembrane receptors. One of the interesting features of this pathway is that the substrate of PLC, the lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), is turned over quite rapidly and must be constantly resupplied to the plasma membrane by a known transfer mechanism. The model, which accounts for regulation of PIP(2) concentration, is sufficiently detailed to explain unique quantitative features of recent experimental data. We find that competitive pathways that deplete PIP(2) from the membrane, as well as receptor-mediated enhancement of PIP(2) supply, must be significant for agreement between model and experiment. Importantly, the mechanistic nature of the model also allowed us to predict the efficacy of various molecular intervention strategies, including overexpression of wild-type and variant proteins in the pathway as well as treatment with specific drug inhibitors. For many parameter conditions the intuitive strategy of targeting the enzyme itself is actually predicted to be relatively inefficient, with a novel and potentially useful alternative being disruption of the reactant supply mechanism.
Induction of Epidermal Growth Factor-Related Polypeptides by 17β-Estradiol in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (1986)

MCF-7 human breast cancer cells release polypeptides related to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) into serum-free culture medium (CM). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 17 beta-estradiol, which is required in vivo for MCF-7 tumor growth in the nude mouse and stimulates the MCF-7 growth rate in vitro, resulted in selectively enhanced growth factor activities in CM. Autostimulatory growth-promoting activity was elevated at least 2-fold, and EGF-like polypeptides were elevated 5-fold but IGF-I immunoreactivity was not elevated. Several species of estrogen-induced receptor-reactive EGF-like polypeptides, suggestive of high molecular weight transforming growth factor alpha, were detected after gel exclusion chromatography of CM extracted with 1 M acetic acid. A 30,000 mol wt peak of EGF receptor competing activity comigrated with a peak of autostimulatory and fibroblast-transforming activity. It is possible that estradiol stimulation of MCF-7 growth and/or tumor formation may depend on induction of EGF-related polypeptide growth factors. EGF-I- and EGF-related polypeptides may act together as autocrine or paracrine growth factors in breast cancer.
Experimental radioimmunotherapy (1993)

Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies have been used for radioimmunotherapy studies with human tumor spheroids and murine and human tumor xenografts in experimental animals. This paper reviews the work that has been performed in these models with different types of cancer, and highlights those papers that have presented dosimetry estimates and attempts to correlate the findings. Radioimmunotherapy studies in multicell spheroids, as a model for micrometastases, have been performed in human neuroblastoma, colon cancer, and melanoma cell lines using 131I-, 125I-, 186Re-, and 212Bi-labeled antibodies. The uniform geometry of the spheroid has allowed radiation dose estimates to be made. Up to three logs of cell kill have been achieved with 131I- and 186Re-specific antibody with minimal toxicity from labeled nonspecific antibody, but 212Bi-antibody had little effect because of its short half-life as shown by Langmuir. It appears that the two most important factors for therapeutic efficacy in this model are good penetration of the radiolabeled antibody and an adequate radionuclide half-life to allow penetration of the immunoconjugate prior to significant radionuclide decay. Radioimmunotherapy studies in animals bearing transplants of colon cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, hepatoma, renal cell carcinoma, neuroblastoma, glioma, mammary carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and bladder cancer have been performed with 131I, 90Y, 186Re, 153Sm, and 177Lu beta emitting, and 212Bi alpha emitting radionuclides conjugated to monoclonal antibodies. A few studies compared different radionuclides in the same model system. The approaches that have been used in these studies to estimate tumor dosimetry include the MIRD approach, thermoluminescent dosimetry, autoradiography, and comparison to external irradiation. The majority of investigators have estimated the dose to tumor and normal organs using MIRD-based calculations (time-activity curve and equilibrium dose constant method). The range of tumor doses has been between 17 and 11 171 mGy/MBq of administered radioactivity. The effectiveness of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy depends on a number of factors relating to the antibody such as specificity, affinity, and immunoreactivity. The density, location, and heterogeneity of expression of tumor-associated antigen within tumors will affect the localization and therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled antibodies, as will physiological factors such as the tumor vascularity, blood flow, and permeability. These factors are discussed and examples are presented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
3D LASSO: REAL-TIME POSE ESTIMATION FROM 3D DATA FOR AUTONOMOUS SATELLITE SERVICING (2005)

The recent development of space flight ready 3D sensors, such as the Neptec Laser Camera System (LCS), allows 3D vision technology to be considered for autonomous missions. These active sensors provide their own illumination and have a small instantaneous field of view, making them immune to dynamic lighting. Harsh and dynamic lighting conditions have severely limited the use of 2D passive camera based space vision systems for mission critical applications. Autonomous robotic servicing missions, such as the Hubble Rescue Vehicle (HRV), will require vision systems that are capable of providing high accuracy pose estimates in real-time while being robust to changes in lighting conditions. This paper describes the 3-Dimensional LCS Algorithms for Spacecraft Servicing On-orbit ( 3D LASSO) system currently under development at Neptec. The project is funded by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) under the Space Technologies Development Program (STDP). The 3D LASSO system is designed to perform real-time tracking and 6 degree of freedom pose estimation of target spacecraft(s) from sparse and noisy 3D data. The approach is compatible with any sensor capable of providing 3D data. The algorithms have been successfully tested with Neptec’s LCS in a variety of test scenarios. Tracking was performed using the random access capability of the sensor which is used to perform rapid, sparse sampling of the target object(s). The data obtained is aligned to a reference model of the target(s) using a newly developed faster version of the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm developed at Neptec. The pose estimate obtained is then used to compute the trajectory of the object(s).
Glycoconjugates : composition, structure, and function (1992)

An Introduction to Glycoproteins, O. P. Bahl Nomenclature of Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides, and Glycoconjugates, Edward C. Kisailus and Howard J. Allen Methods of Carbohydrate Analysis and Structural Determination: Chemical and Enzymatic Methods, Akira Kobata and Kiyoshi Furukawa Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Approaches to Oligosaccharide Structure Elucidation, Anthony S. Serianni Mass Spectometry of Carbohydrates, Roger A. Laine Synthetic Glycoconjugates, Y. C. Lee and Reiko T. Lee Proteoglycans: Structure, Synthesis, Function, V. P. Bhavanandan and E. A. Davidson Glycolipids: Structure, Synthesis, Functions, Samar K. Kundu The Biosynthesis of Serine (Threonine)-N-Acetylgalactosamine-Linked Carbohydrate Moieties, Harry Schachter and Inka Brockhausen Synthesis of Asparagine-Linked Oligosaccharides: Pathways, Genetics, and Metabolic Regulation, Richard D. Cummings Recent Advances in the Development of Potential Inhibitors of Glycosyltransferases, Shaheer H. Khan and Khushi L. Matta Function of Carbohydrate Moieties: Membrane and Nonsecretory Glycoproteins, Minoru Fukuda Function of the Carbohydrate Moieties of Secretory Glycoconjugates, Kenneth Olden, Tet-Kin Yeo, and Kiang-Teck Yeo Mechanisms and Control of Glycoconjugate Turnover, Paul H. Weigel Molecular Biology of Glycosyltransferases and Glycosidases, Joseph T. Y. Lau and Terrance P. O'Hanlon Plant Lectins: Molecular Biology, Synthesis, and Function, Marilynn E. Etzler Microbial Lectins, Nechama Gilboa-Garber and Nachman Garber Invertebrate Lectins: Distribution, Synthesis, Molecular Biology, and Function, Gerardo R. Vasta B-Galactoside-Binding Vertebrate Lectins: Synthesis, Molecular Biology, Function, Reuben Lotan