gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iodine-123-4-amino-3-iodobenzylguanidine, a new sympathoadrenal imaging agent: comparison with iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine. (1986)

Iodine-123-4-amino-3-iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]AIBG), an analog of 123I metaiodobenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG), has an advantage in having a more rapid and simple synthesis. This, combined with animal data that suggested a greater affinity of the new radiopharmaceutical for the autonomic innervation of the myocardium led us to study the biodistribution of [123I]AIBG in three men with metastatic pheochromocytoma. In all instances, [123I]AIBG revealed the same metastatic deposits shown by [123I]MIBG. Iodine-123 AIBG uptake, however, was greater than [123I]MIBG in lung, gut, and spleen. These higher backgrounds may pose diagnostic problems in some cases.
Flexibility of Charged and Uncharged Polymer-like Micelles (1998)

We have performed a series of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and static light scattering (SLS) experiments with dilute and semidilute solutions of polymer-like micelles formed by C16E6 in D2O at two different temperatures (T = 26 °C, 35 °C). The local structure has been investigated by applying indirect Fourier transformation and square-root deconvolution techniques. We demonstrate that the micelles maintain their locally cylindrical structure in this temperature regime despite the significant change in the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant. Detailed information on the micellar flexibility has been obtained from the SANS data by applying a nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure based upon a numerical expression for the single-chain scattering function of a worm-like chain with excluded volume effects. Particular attention has been given to the determination of quantitative numbers for the “intrinsic” persistence length as well as for the contribution from electrostatic interactions upon the addition of a small fraction of an ionic surfactant. The results have been compared with predictions from theoretical models for polyelectrolytes.
Deep joint demosaicking and denoising (2016)

Demosaicking and denoising are the key first stages of the digital imaging pipeline but they are also a severely ill-posed problem that infers three color values per pixel from a single noisy measurement. Earlier methods rely on hand-crafted filters or priors and still exhibit disturbing visual artifacts in hard cases such as moiré or thin edges. We introduce a new data-driven approach for these challenges: we train a deep neural network on a large corpus of images instead of using hand-tuned filters. While deep learning has shown great success, its naive application using existing training datasets does not give satisfactory results for our problem because these datasets lack hard cases. To create a better training set, we present metrics to identify difficult patches and techniques for mining community photographs for such patches. Our experiments show that this network and training procedure outperform state-of-the-art both on noisy and noise-free data. Furthermore, our algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than the previous best performing techniques.
Human CTLs to Wild-Type and Enhanced Epitopes of a Novel Prostate and Breast Tumor-Associated Protein, TARP, Lyse Human Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

Vaccine therapy for prostate and breast cancer may have potential for treating these major causes of death in males and females, respectively. Critical to the development of tumor-specific vaccines is finding and characterizing novel antigens to be recognized by CD8(+) T cells. To define new CD8(+) T-cell tumor antigens, we determined two wild-type HLA-A2 epitopes from a recently found tumor-associated protein, TARP (T-cell receptor gamma alternate reading frame protein), expressed in prostate and breast cancer cells. We were also able to engineer epitope-enhanced peptides by sequence modifications. Both wild-type and enhanced epitopes induced peptide-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in A2K(b) transgenic mice. In vitro restimulation of human CD8(+) T cells from a prostate cancer patient resulted in CD8(+) T cells reactive to the peptide epitopes that could lyse HLA-A2(+) human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) expressing TARP. Epitope-specific human CD8(+) T cells were also enumerated in patients' peripheral blood by tetramer staining. Our data suggest that HLA-A2-binding TARP epitopes and enhanced epitopes discovered in this study could be incorporated into a potential vaccine for both breast and prostate cancer.
Elevated Plasma Renin Activity Associated with Renal Dysfunction (1986)

Elevated plasma renin activity (PRA) has been documented in patients with established acute renal failure. To study the association of PRA and renal dysfunction, 53 patients who were at risk of developing acute renal failure had serial measurements of PRA, renal function, and urinary beta 2-microglobulin. Those entered for study had pneumonia, septicaemia, volume loss with hypotension, or major surgical procedures with complications. Patients were divided into groups of abnormal or normal renal function. Abnormal renal function was defined by an elevated plasma urea and/or creatinine level with a submaximal urine urea to plasma urea ratio. The mean values of PRA for the abnormal and normal renal function groups, respectively, were 29 and 5.2 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.0001) and for beta 2-microglobulin 16.2 and 6.4 micrograms/l X 10(3) (p less than 0.0005). A linear regression of the logs of PRA to beta 2-microglobulin for the total group of patients gave an r value of 0.526 (p less than 0.001). These data show an association of PRA to renal dysfunction and tubular injury/dysfunction in the prerenal phase of renal failure, suggesting an effect of the renin-angiotensin system at this phase. It is not possible, however, to conclude from our study that the renin-angiotensin system has a direct role in the development of established acute tubular necrosis, since only 3 patients fell within this category.
A predominant group-specific neutralizing epitope of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 maps to residues 342 to 511 of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 (1991)

Recombinant native human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 (residues 1 to 511) expressed in insect cells quantitatively adsorbed the group-specific neutralizing antibodies found in human sera. However, these antibodies were not adsorbed by envelope fragment 1 to 471 or 472 to 857 or by both fragments sequentially, even though together they add up to the full-length gp160 sequence. A hybrid envelope glycoprotein was constructed with residues 342 to 511 of the HIV-1 sequence and residues 1 to 399 of the simian immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence to vary the HIV-1 sequence while preserving its conformation. This hybrid glycoprotein quantitatively adsorbed human neutralizing antibodies, while native simian immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein did not. These results identify a new neutralizing epitope that depends on conformation and maps to residues 342 to 511 of gp120. It overlaps the extended CD4-binding site but is distinct from the V3 loop described previously (K. Javaherian et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:6768-6772, 1989; J. R. Rusche et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3198-3202). Since it is conserved among diverse HIV-1 isolates, this new epitope may be a suitable target for future vaccine development.
Tumor Necrosis Factor: The molecules and Their Emerging Role in Medicine (1992)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Application of silver staining to the rapid typing of the polymorphism of HLA‐DQ alleles, by enzymatic amplification and allele‐specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (1991)

A rapid and highly sensitive silver staining method, originally developed for the detection of proteins, was slightly modified to detect nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels. The second exons of the histocompatibility antigen HLA-DQA 1 and DQB 1 genes were selectively amplified from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Digestion of the PCR products by endonucleases, followed by their size-separation on polyacrylamide gels and visualization by silver staining, allowed us to define the HLA-DQ alleles of the genomic DNA. The intensity of staining of digested PCR-amplified DNA is linear from at least 8 to 18 ng for fragments of lengths ranging from approximately 40 to 200 bp. Thus, silver staining in combination with PCR and allele-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism provides a simple, safe, and rapid method for accurate definition of HLA-DQ alleles at the nucleotide level in the clinical typing laboratory.
MR imaging of joints: analytic optimization of GRE techniques at 1.5 T. (1992)

To clarify the choice of imaging parameters for optimal gradient-recalled echo MR scanning of joints, we analyzed the behavior of contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios for spoiled (i.e., fast low-angle shot [FLASH] or spoiled GRASS) and steady-state (i.e., gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state [GRASS] or fast imaging with steady precession) techniques at 1.5 T. The analysis is based on tissue characteristics derived from spin-echo measurements of hyaline cartilage and synovial fluid signal in the patellofemoral joints of 11 volunteers. Separate analysis of contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios for multiplanar (long TR) acquisitions shows that these parameters are each improved compared with single-slice methods. At TRs greater than 250 msec, there is no significant difference in the contrast behavior of FLASH and GRASS. For optimal contrast-to-noise ratio (synovial fluid-cartilage), the best multiplanar sequence (for TE less than 23 msec) is with a short TE and a large flip angle (e.g., 400/9/73 degrees [TR/TE/flip angle]). If a single-scan or three-dimensional technique is desired, than a GRASS sequence at minimal TR and TE and intermediate flip angle (18/9/32 degrees) is best. For optimal signal-to-noise ratio (for both synovial fluid and hyaline cartilage), the best multiplanar sequence uses a short TE and an intermediate flip angle (e.g., 400/9/30 degrees). If a short TR, high signal-to-noise technique is desired, then GRASS (18/9/13 degrees) is superior to FLASH.
Real-time point-of-care measurement of impaired renal function in a rat acute injury model employing exogenous fluorescent tracer agents (2013)

Renal function assessment is needed for the detection of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is now widely accepted as the best indicator of renal function, and current clinical guidelines advocate its use in the staging of kidney disease. The optimum measure of GFR is by the use of exogenous tracer agents. However current clinically employed agents lack sensitivity or are cumbersome to use. An exogenous GFR fluorescent tracer agent, whose elimination rate could be monitored noninvasively through skin would provide a substantial improvement over currently available methods. We developed a series of novel aminopyrazine analogs for use as exogenous fluorescent GFR tracer agents that emit light in the visible region for monitoring GFR noninvasively over skin. In rats, these compounds are eliminated by the kidney with urine recovery greater than 90% of injected dose, are not broken down or metabolized in vivo, are not secreted by the renal tubules, and have clearance values similar to a GFR reference compound, iothalamate. In addition, biological half-life of these compounds measured in rats by noninvasive optical methods correlated with plasma derived methods. In this study, we show that this noninvasive methodology with our novel fluorescent tracer agents can detect impaired renal function. A 5/6th nephrectomy rat model is employed.
[Women and health professions in Puerto Rico: 1990]. (1998)

The main aim of the present study was to analyse the sex distribución for the health related professions in Puerto Rico. This was a descriptive investigation. The data was obtained from the Census of Population and Housing of Puerto Rico, 1990 and the fifth register of health professionals, 1989-92 from the Health Department of Puerto Rico. It was observed that women in the 90's are still participating, in the health professions, in occupations traditionally of their gender. Nevertheless, it has been observed an increased in the women's participation in those occupations usually performed by men such as: veterinary and podiatry. Women tend to be employed more frequently by the government. Men, on the other hand, are concentrated on those occupations with the highest prestige and status, in the health professions. In addition, a high proportion of men are employed on their own. In terms of income, women earn less income than men for almost all the health occupations taken into account.
Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide (2010)

An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described. Currently, Hummers' method (KMnO(4), NaNO(3), H(2)SO(4)) is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. We have found that excluding the NaNO(3), increasing the amount of KMnO(4), and performing the reaction in a 9:1 mixture of H(2)SO(4)/H(3)PO(4) improves the efficiency of the oxidation process. This improved method provides a greater amount of hydrophilic oxidized graphene material as compared to Hummers' method or Hummers' method with additional KMnO(4). Moreover, even though the GO produced by our method is more oxidized than that prepared by Hummers' method, when both are reduced in the same chamber with hydrazine, chemically converted graphene (CCG) produced from this new method is equivalent in its electrical conductivity. In contrast to Hummers' method, the new method does not generate toxic gas and the temperature is easily controlled. This improved synthesis of GO may be important for large-scale production of GO as well as the construction of devices composed of the subsequent CCG.
Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning (2010)

Humans and animals can learn that specific sensory cues in the environment predict aversive events through a form of associative learning termed fear conditioning. This learning occurs when the sensory cues are paired with an aversive event occurring in close temporal proximity. Activation of lateral amygdala (LA) pyramidal neurons by aversive stimuli is thought to drive the formation of these associative fear memories; yet, there have been no direct tests of this hypothesis. Here we demonstrate that viral-targeted, tissue-specific expression of the light-activated channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in LA pyramidal cells permitted optical control of LA neuronal activity. Using this approach we then paired an auditory sensory cue with optical stimulation of LA pyramidal neurons instead of an aversive stimulus. Subsequently presentation of the tone alone produced behavioral fear responses. These results demonstrate in vivo optogenetic control of LA neurons and provide compelling support for the idea that fear learning is instructed by aversive stimulus-induced activation of LA pyramidal cells.
Target study for heavy ion beam fusion (1984)

Heavy ion beam driven implosion of multilayered, single-shell targets for inertial confinement fusion are investigated by ID-simulation. Features characteristic of heavy ion energy deposition are studied. The ion beam energy and the tamper/absorber configuration which give optimum hydrodynamic efficiency and fuel ignition are found for a reactor-size target. A comparison of different pulse shapes with and without prepulse is presented. Implosion by a single-box pulse is found to give superior hydrodynamic efficiency and spherical stability. In addition to these specific results, general features of ion driven implosions are discussed and a brief description of the target code MINIHY is given.
Comparison of multiple scattering theories with experimental measurements in emulsions (1992)

The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient of a series of n-hexadecane-in-water emulsions have been measured as a function of disperse phase volume fraction (φ=0 to 0.56), particle size (r32=0.1 to 1.8 μm), and frequency ( f=0.2 to 7 MHz). These measurements are compared with predictions of the velocity and attenuation made using the multiple scattering theories of Waterman and Truell [J. Math. Phys. 2, 512–537 (1962)], Lloyd and Berry [Proc. Phys. Soc. London 91, 678–688 (1967)], and Ma et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 2779–2782 (1990)] in the long wavelength limit. All the theories give good agreement with the experimental measurements for dilute emulsions (φ&amp;lt;0.13). In the more concentrated emulsions the theories agree less well, especially at low frequencies and particle sizes. Possible reasons for the discrepancies between the theories and experimental results are discussed.
Solid State Radio Engineering (1980)

Radio Communication Systems. Electrical Noise. Resonant Circuits and Impedance Transformation. Small--Signal High--Frequency Amplifiers. Sinewave Oscillators. Phase--Locked Loops. Mixers. Modulation. Amplitude Modulation Receivers. FM and PM Receivers. Television Receivers. Linear Power Amplifiers. Tuned Power Amplifiers. High--Efficiency Power Amplifiers. CW, FN, and AM Transmitters. Single--Sideband Transmitters. Index.
Effects of C2-Alkylation, N-Alkylation, and N,N‘-Dialkylation on the Stability and Estrogen Receptor Interaction of (4R,5S)/(4S,5R)-4,5-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-imidazolines (2004)

(4R,5S)/(4S,5R)-4,5-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-imidazolines bearing 2,2'-H (3a), 2,2'-Cl (3b), 2,2',6-Cl (3c), and 2,2'-F (3d) substituents in the aromatic rings were C2-alkylated (5a-i), N-alkylated (7, 7a-c), and N,N'-dialkylated (9a-c). The synthesis started from the diastereomerically pure (1R,2S)/(1S,2R)-1,2-diamino-1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanes 1a-d, which were cyclized to the imidazolines 2a-d and 4a-i with triethylorthoesters or iminoethers. Ether cleavage with BBr(3) yielded the (4R,5S)/(4S,5R)-4,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-imidazolines 3a-d and 5a-i. The N-alkylation and N,N'-dialkylation of 2b, employed for obtaining 7a-c and 9a-c, were performed prior to the ether cleavage with alkyl iodine in dry THF. By use of HPLC, the influence of the substitution patterns in the aromatic rings and alkyl chains at the C2- or N-atoms on the hydrolysis rate of the imidazolines was studied under in vitro conditions. It appeared that only imidazolines with C2- or N-alkyl substituents show sufficient stability to interact as heterocycles with the estrogen receptor (ER). The resulting gene activation was monitored in a luciferase assay using ERalpha-positive MCF-7-2a breast cancer cells stably transfected with the plasmid ERE(wtc)luc. It is interesting to note that C2-alkylation led to a strong reduction or even a complete loss of activity whereas N-alkylation improved the estrogenic profile. The (4R,5S)/(4S,5R)-N-ethyl-4,5-bis(2-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-imidazoline 7b has proven to be the most active compound in this structure-activity relationship study (EC(50) = 0.015 microM).
Liquid chromatography analysis of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin isomers on porous graphitic carbon (2004)

The retention behaviour of the three positional isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin was investigated on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column. The influence of the mobile phase composition (nature and concentration of organic and electronic modifiers) was studied as well as the effect of column temperature. These hydrophilic and anionic analytes were highly retained on the PGC stationary phase compared to octadecyl bonded phases. The retention is mainly governed by a reversed-phase mechanism with electronic interaction playing a secondary role. An increase in solute retention and efficiency with temperature was observed. Successful isocratic separation with satisfactory baseline resolution of the three isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin was achieved at 75 degrees C on a Hypercarb column by using ammonium acetate as electronic modifier in water-acetonitrile (83:17). The chromatographic methodology developed can be easily used for relative quantification of each isomer within a mixture and can be applied for semi-preparative purification of each one. The evaporative light scattering detector allows the detection of these non UV-visible absorbing molecules.
Is there a reality in Industrial Augmented Reality? (2011)

In the spirit of the seminal article by Brooks [12] that surveys the field of Virtual Reality to evaluate its level of applicability, we study the readiness of Industrial Augmented Reality (IAR). We have been hearing about IAR since Mizell and Caudell [14] first gave a name to AR, but how many applications broke out of the lab to be used by non-developers? In reviewing the literature, we note the amazing progress made in display technology, rendering and tracking. Given these improvements, one might expect AR-based industrial products to flourish. Unfortunately, this is still not the case. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of industrial AR applications. We organize the different applications of IAR over the life-cycle of products, in order to draw some parallels between the different proposed concepts and offer a clear taxonomy for future applications. We also propose and apply a rubric to evaluate existing IAR systems in order to highlight reasons for success and offer guidelines in the hope that it will help IAR become “really real”.
A Multi-Band Hybrid Balanced Antenna (2006)

The design of antennas for small user equipment has for many years relied on the use of unbalanced designs – usually ingenious variants of monopoles and inverted-L antennas. As the size of the equipment is reduced, unbalanced antennas become increasingly problematical because their input impedance and radiation properties become strongly dependent on the size of the groundplane and their position on it.
A critical comparison of platelet preparation methods (2006)

We present a literature-based review of the relative merits of apheresis-derived and whole-blood-derived platelets. Additional studies are needed in order to define the optimal proportion of the platelet supply from apheresis collections and the choice of whole-blood-derived production method for US blood providers.
Attenuation of rodent lung ischemia–reperfusion injury by sphingosine 1-phosphate (2008)

Objective. Lung ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, a sequela of transplantation characterized by alveolar damage, edema and inflammation in donor lungs, remains a significant cause of transplant failure despite improvements in lung preservation techniques. We investigated the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a potent vascular barrier-protective agent, in a rat model of IR injury. Material and methods. S1P (26.5 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle was administered 15 min prior to ischemia via pulmonary artery ligation (1 h) and subsequent reperfusion (2 h). Lung vascular permeability and inflammation were assessed. Results. Animals pretreated with S1P exhibited reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cells (32% decrease; p<0.05), BAL neutrophils (63% decrease; p<0.04), and BAL albumin content (57% decrease; p<0.04) compared to controls. Lung myeloperoxidase activity, an index of parenchymal leukocyte infiltration, was also attenuated in S1P-treated animals (63% decrease; p<0.05). Finally, consistent with the pronounced anti-inflammatory effects of S1P, BAL fluid from animals pretreated with S1P was notable for decreased levels of IL-6 (48% decrease; p<0.01), IL-1β (58% decrease; p<0.05), and IL-2 (92% decrease; p<0.001). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that S1P reduces IR injury and may serve as an effective adjunct to lung preservation strategies prior to transplantation.