gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide area windowless disk plasma lamp of uniform intensity for use in microelectronic film processing (1991)

A wide area windowless plasma disk excited by a soft vacuum electron beam provides a wide area uniform source of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons as well as atomic radicals. Hydrogen and oxygen when excited by the soft vacuum electron beam, emit strong atomic resonance radiation at 121.6 and 130 nm, respectively; in fact up to 8% of the total applied discharge power is emitted as VUV photons. The spatial uniformity of the atomic VUV resonance radiation approaches 6% across a disk 19 cm in diameter. The density of atomic oxygen species generated in the plasma disk has also been experimentally determined using an established polymer film etch rate method as well as with a conventional silver thin film sensor. We employ the disk plasma in a windowless configuration to achieve lower temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) than conventional thermal CVD. The VUV photon flux as well as the radical and excited atomic gas species emitted from the lamp can assist dissociation of feedstock reactant gases as well as assist heterogeneous surface reactions and increase surface mobility of absorbed species allowing for lower temperature CVD. Thin films of an aluminum nitride and hydrogenated amorphous silicon have been deposited at temperature between 100–400 °C. The deposited films show improvement over other plasma and photo-assisted CVD processes in the film quality achieved, the area covered, the substrate temperature required, and the maximum deposition rates that are possible. In situ generation of arsine (AH3) and unsaturated arsenic hydrides AsHx (x≤2) have also been achieved by placing elemental arsenic in an environment rich in atomic hydrogen created from the disk–plasma source.
Microcontact Printing of Uniform Nanoparticle Arrays (2003)

Uniform, close-packed monolayer and bilayer arrays of alkanethiol-coated gold nanoparticles have been used as "ink" for microcontact printing (μCP) following the technique of Xia and Whitesides (see Xia, Y.; Whitesides, G. M. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1997, 77, 596). The process is accomplished in two steps. First, a uniform monolayer of the nanoparticles is self-assembled on a water surface and is transferred intact to a patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp pad by the Langmuir−Schaefer (LS) method. In the case of multilayer printing, this "inking" step is repeated as many times as desired. Because multilayer arrays are assembled on the stamp pad layer-by-layer, adjacent layers may be made up of the same or different particles. The nanoparticles are transferred to a solid substrate by conformal contact of the stamp pad and the substrate. The technique has been used to print patterned monolayer and bilayer arrays on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. The quality of the transferred arrays has been verified optically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This new μCP technique should be applicable to any particles that can be spread as a monolayer on a water surface and promises to be useful for nanofabrication.
Evaluation of the effects of ephedrine on human lymphocytes in the comet assay (2011)

Ephedrine, a natural alkaloid from plants of the genus Ephedra, has a chemical structure similar to catecholamines. It is well established that catecholamines (adraneline, noradrenaline and dopamine) cause genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, the objectives of this investigation were to examine weather ephedrine can exhibit genotoxic effects on isolated human lymphocytes in the Comet assay. Dose-response of human lymphocytes was determined at the concentration range of ephedrine from 0.0005 μM to 500 μM. Three concentrations of ephedrine (1, 50 and 300 μM) which had acceptable cell viability (over 90%) were used for further experiments with inhibitors of DNA reparation (cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea). The obtained results showed that ephedrine did not induce DNA damage in isolated human lymphocytes. However, co-treatment of the negative control with DNA repair inhibitors caused a slight but significant increase of DNA damage, due to an endogenous DNA damage. Interestingly, cells treated with ephedrine and DNA repair inhibitors did not express increased DNA damage. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that ephedrine did not exhibit genotoxic effects on isolated human lymphocytes. This result is in accordance with previous investigations showing negative genotoxicological results for ephedrine using bacterial gene mutation test-systems and in vitro cytogenetic analysis.
Use of alkaline phosphatase fusions to study protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

We have constructed a vector designed to facilitate the study of protein secretion in Bacillus subtilis. This vector is based on a translational fusion between the expression elements and signal sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alkaline protease and the mature coding sequence for Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoA). We show that export of alkaline phosphatase from B. subtilis depends on a functional signal sequence and that alkaline phosphatase activity depends upon secretion. The vector design facilitates the insertion of heterologous coding sequences between the signal and phoA to generate three-part translational fusions. Such phoA fusions are easily analyzed by monitoring alkaline phosphatase activity on agar plates or in culture supernatants or by immunological detection. Exploitation of this methodology, which has proven to be extremely useful in the study of protein secretion in E. coli, has a variety of applications for studying protein secretion in B. subtilis.
A Photoswitchable Olefin Metathesis Catalyst (2017)

A dithienylethene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene-Ru(II) complex was synthesized and found to undergo a reversible photoisomerization which influenced its intrinsic catalytic activity. UV-induced ring-closure enhanced the rate of ring-closing metathesis reactions (kclosed/kopened = 1.4–1.7) and attenuated the rate of ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (kclosed/kopened = 0.56–0.66). Visible light irradiation promoted cycloreversion and restored the initial activity. The ability to switch between the isomeric states of the catalyst was also utilized to modulate the rate of ongoing olefin metathesis reactions via photoirradiation. A computational investigation revealed how steric and electronic effects separately influence the transition states adopted by each form of the catalyst and afforded activation energies that were in agreement with the relative reaction rate constants determined by experiment.
A DFNA5 Mutation Identified in Japanese Families with Autosomal Dominant Hereditary Hearing Loss (2014)

Mutations in DFNA5 lead to autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss (NSHHL). To date, four different mutations in DFNA5 have been reported to cause hearing loss. A 3 bp deletion mutation (c.991-15_991-13del) was identified in Chinese and Korean families with autosomal dominant NSHHL, which suggested that the 3 bp deletion mutation was derived from a single origin. In the present study, we performed genetic screening of mutations in the interval between intron 6 and exon 9 of DFNA5 in 65 Japanese patients with autosomal dominant NSHHL and identified the c.991-15_991-13del mutation in two patients. Furthermore, we compared the DFNA5-linked haplotypes consisting of intragenic SNPs between the reported Chinese and Korean families and found that the Japanese patients showed a shared region spanning 41,874 bp. This is the first report of DFNA5 mutations in Japanese patients with autosomal dominant NSHHL, supporting the suggestion that the 3 bp deletion mutation occurred in their ancestors.
Simultaneous thickness and group index measurement using optical low-coherence reflectometry (1992)

Using high-resolution optical reflectometry, group index and physical thickness can both be determined by precisely measuring optical time delays through a sample. Optical low-coherence reflectometry offers both the high-spatial resolution and large dynamic range required to perform accurate measurements using this technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Vivo Pattern of Lipopolysaccharide and Anti-CD3-Induced NF-κB Activation Using a Novel Gene-Targeted Enhanced GFP Reporter Gene Mouse (2004)

NF-kappa B is a family of transcription factors involved in regulating cell death/survival, differentiation, and inflammation. Although the transactivation ability of NF-kappa B has been extensively studied in vitro, limited information is available on the spatial and temporal transactivation pattern in vivo. To investigate the kinetics and cellular localization of NF-kappa B-induced transcription, we created a transgenic mouse expressing the enhanced GFP (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-kappa B cis elements (cis-NF-kappa B(EGFP)). A gene-targeting approach was used to insert a single copy of a NF-kappa B-dependent EGFP reporter gene 5' of the X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. Embryonic fibroblasts, hepatic stellate cells, splenocytes, and dendritic cells isolated from cis-NF-kappa B(EGFP) mice demonstrated a strong induction of EGFP in response to LPS, anti-CD3, or TNF-alpha that was blocked by the NF-kappa B inhibitors BAY 11-7082 and NEMO-binding peptide. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated RelA binding to the cis-NF-kappa B(EGFP) promoter. Adenoviral delivery of NF-kappa B-inducing kinase strongly induced EGFP expression in the liver of cis-NF-kappa B(EGFP) mice. Similarly, mice injected with anti-CD3 or LPS showed increased EGFP expression in mononuclear cells, lymph node, spleen, and liver as measured by flow cytometry and/or fluorescence microscopy. Using whole organ imaging, LPS selectively induced EGFP expression in the duodenum and proximal jejunum, but not in the ileum and colon. Confocal analysis indicated EGFP expression was primarily found in lamina propria mononuclear cells. In summary, the cis-NF-kappa B(EGFP) mouse will serve as a valuable tool to address multiple questions regarding the cell-specific and real-time activation of NF-kappa B during normal and diseased states.
Metabolic engineering of the mevalonate and non‐mevalonate isopentenyl diphosphate‐forming pathways for the production of health‐promoting isoprenoids in tomato (2004)

The genetic manipulation of both the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways, leading to the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), has been achieved in tomato using 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA (hmgr-1) and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs) genes, respectively. Transgenic plants containing an additional hmgr-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S constitutive promoter, contained elevated phytosterols (up to 2.4-fold), but IPP-derived isoprenoids in the plastid were unaltered. Transgenic lines containing a bacterial dxs targeted to the plastid with the tomato dxs transit sequence resulted in an increased carotenoid content (1.6-fold), which was inherited in the next generation. Phytoene and beta-carotene exhibited the greatest increases (2.4- and 2.2-fold, respectively). Extra-plastidic isoprenoids were unaffected in these lines. These data are discussed with respect to the regulation, compartmentalization and manipulation of isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways and their relevance to plant biotechnology.
Inefficient reprogramming of the hematopoietic stem cell genome following nuclear transfer (2006)

In general, cloning undifferentiated preimplantation embryos (blastomeres) or embryonic stem cells is more efficient than cloning differentiated somatic cells. Therefore, there has been an assumption that tissue-specific stem cells might serve as efficient donors for nuclear transfer because of the undifferentiated state of their genome. Here, we show that this is not the case with adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although we have demonstrated for the first time that mouse HSCs can be cloned to generate offspring, the birth rates (0-0.7%) were lowest among the clones tested (cumulus, immature Sertoli and fibroblast cells). Only 6% of reconstructed embryos reached the morula or blastocyst stage in vitro (versus 46% for cumulus clones; P < 5 x 10(-10)). Transcription and gene expression analyses of HSC clone embryos revealed that they initiated zygotic gene activation (ZGA) at the appropriate timing, but failed to activate five out of six important embryonic genes examined, including Hdac1 (encoding histone deacetylase 1), a key regulator of subsequent ZGA. These results suggest that the HSC genome has less plasticity than we imagined, at least in terms of reprogrammability in the ooplasm after nuclear transfer.
Rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

(1998). Rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 69, The Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 for prevention of musculo-skeletal disorders: Lund, Sweden, April 17–18, 1998, pp. 6-13.
Event-Based Near-Eye Gaze Tracking Beyond 10,000 Hz (2021)

The cameras in modern gaze-tracking systems suffer from fundamental bandwidth and power limitations, constraining data acquisition speed to 300 Hz realistically. This obstructs the use of mobile eye trackers to perform, e.g., low latency predictive rendering, or to study quick and subtle eye motions like microsaccades using head-mounted devices in the wild. Here, we propose a hybrid frame-event-based near-eye gaze tracking system offering update rates beyond 10,000 Hz with an accuracy that matches that of high-end desktop-mounted commercial trackers when evaluated in the same conditions. Our system, previewed in Figure 1, builds on emerging event cameras that simultaneously acquire regularly sampled frames and adaptively sampled events. We develop an online 2D pupil fitting method that updates a parametric model every one or few events. Moreover, we propose a polynomial regressor for estimating the point of gaze from the parametric pupil model in real time. Using the first event-based gaze dataset, we demonstrate that our system achieves accuracies of 0.45°-1.75° for fields of view from 45° to 98°. With this technology, we hope to enable a new generation of ultra-low-latency gaze-contingent rendering and display techniques for virtual and augmented reality.
Dystrophin-associated proteins in muscular dystrophy (1995)

Dystrophin-associated proteins (DAPs) are classified into a few groups, namely, those comprising of dystroglycan complex, sarcoglycan complex, syntrophin complex and others. Subsarcolemmal actin filaments are connected to laminin in the basement membrane through dystrophin and the dystroglycan complex. This system may function to protect muscle fibers from mechanical damage. Furthermore, the sarcoglycan complex is associated with the system. Defects in the components of the protection system or the sarcoglycan complex or both are characteristically found in various muscular dystrophies. The roles of the syntrophin complex are meagerly understood. In this review, the possible roles of laminin, DAPs and dystrophin in each dystrophy are explained.
A 250 k-pixel SIT image sensor operating in its high-sensitivity mode (1991)

A solid-state imaging device which uses a static induction transistor (SIT) is examined. The image sensor consists of 530(H)*490(V) pixels and is suitable for a 2/3-in optical format. An analysis of its operation predicts that the performance of the image sensor can be examined in detail using an equivalent circuit. A noise equivalent irradiance of 1.5*10/sup -4/ mu W/cm/sup 2/, when using light-emitting diodes ( lambda =660 nm) as a light source, was obtained in a frame integration mode. This is comparable to that of a high-sensitivity silicon intensifier target tube, although a large image lag of 80% during the third frame is also present. High sensitivity, is achieved because the gate reset levels of the SIT depend on the exposure and the change of the gate reset levels added to the output signal. It is predicted that the image sensor will be highly sensitive but that it will have a large image lag.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals (2016)

For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from our microbiome, but together we form a 'superorganism' or holobiont, with the microbiome playing a significant role in our physiology and health. The mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, harbouring over 700 species of bacteria that colonise the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. Through recent advances in technology, we have started to unravel the complexities of the oral microbiome and gained new insights into its role during both health and disease. Perturbations of the oral microbiome through modern-day lifestyles can have detrimental consequences for our general and oral health. In dysbiosis, the finely-tuned equilibrium of the oral ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting bacteria to manifest and cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. For practitioners and patients alike, promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This article aims to give an update on our current knowledge of the oral microbiome in health and disease and to discuss implications for modern-day oral healthcare.
Biofilm formation by Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2009)

The ability of bacteria to persist and grow in a biofilm seems to be one of the important factors in both the resistance to antibiotics and the severity of urinary tract inflammation.
Low-loss wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) devices for single-mode systems (1983)

We report here on single-mode microoptic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) devices with two channels located at 1275 and 1345 nm, respectively. Data are presented for four multiplexers and four demultiplexers. The average insertion loss for the multiplexers was 0.5 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.3 dB for the short and long wavelength channels, respectively. For the demultiplexers, the average losses were 0.8 ± 0.2 dB and 1.0 ± 0.1 dB, respectively. The full channel widths of the demultiplexers for 0.5 dB of additional loss were about 22 nm. All measurements included the presence of prototype precision single-mode connectors. The multiplexers were based on interference filters and GRIN lenses with identical single-mode fibers used for inputs and output. The demultiplexers employed diffraction gratings and GRIN lenses with 50- μm core graded-index output fibers. In addition three of the demultiplexers included a third output channel centered at 1521 nm. The 28- dB dynamic range of the monochromator-based test appartus was insufficient to evaluate the crosstalk performance. Measurements on two demultiplexers, using a 1295-nm laser, yielded values of -33 and -38 dB, respectively for the crosstalk in the 1345-nm channel.
Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a Novel Actor in Invasive Growth, Controls Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity (2005)

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD) could function as a cell surface sensor for cell density, controlling the transition between local cell proliferation and tissue invasion in melanoma progression. We have tested the hypothesis that progressive cell clustering controls the proteolytic cascade for activation of gelatinase A/matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which involves formation of an intermediate ternary complex of membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP/MMP-14), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and pro-MMP-2 at the cell surface. Surprisingly, truncation of ALCAM severely impaired MMP-2 activation in a nude mouse xenograft model, in which we previously observed diminished primary tumor growth and enhanced melanoma metastasis. Comparative studies of two-dimensional monolayer and three-dimensional collagen-gel cultures revealed that extensive cell-to-cell contacts, wild-type ALCAM, and cell-to-matrix interactions were all indispensable for efficient conversion of pro-MMP-2 to its active form in metastatic melanoma cells. Truncated, dominant-negative ALCAM diminished MMP-2 activation via reduced transcript levels and decreased processing of MT1-MMP. Failure of the proteolytic cascade after selective ALCAM depletion by RNA interference was mainly due to incomplete MT1-MMP processing, which was otherwise promoted by extensive cell-to-cell contacts. These data attribute a novel signaling role to ALCAM in regulation of proteolysis and support its previously postulated sensor function in invasive growth.
A digital CMOS imager with pixel level analog-to-digital converter and reconfigurable SRAM/counter (2004)

In this paper a CMOS image sensor with on-pixel analog-to-digital converter based on PWM scheme is proposed. The digital pixel sensor includes a novel digital circuit which allows to configure the internal 8-bit memory as a 4-bit counter/memory, so as to reduce the data bit lines routed to each pixel form 8-bit to 4-bit. Hence the total parasitic capacitance as well as power consumption associated with the switching activities of the global data bus lines are reduced. Besides 8-bit precision, the imager can also be configured to 4-bit precision for low resolution frame rate and decreasing overall power consumption. A prototype chip was realized in Alcatel 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Each pixel occupies an area of 46/spl mu/m x 48/spl mu/m with a fill-factor of 14%.
Synthesis of possible metabolites of menazon (1967)

Abstract A product of the peracetic acid oxidation of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐methylthiomethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine is identical with a major urinary metabolite of the aphicide, menazon, in the rat. This product has been shown to be the S ‐oxide 2,4‐diamino‐6‐methylsulphinyl‐methyl‐1, 3, 5‐triazine and not the N ‐oxide.