gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Dual‐Energy Computed Tomography Scoring System for Measurement of Urate Deposition in Gout (2015)

We have developed a novel semiquantitative DECT scoring method for measurement of urate deposition in the feet/ankles. This method fulfills many aspects of the OMERACT filter.
O2 Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells: Activity and Active Site Structural Information for Catalysts Obtained by the Pyrolysis at High Temperature of Fe Precursors (2000)

Catalytic activity for O2 electroreduction in acidic medium has been studied. Catalysts have been produced by pyrolyzing perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) combined with Fe and N precursors. The Fe precursors used in this work are either FeII acetate or Cl−FeIII Tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrin (Cl−FeTMPP). The N precursors are NH3 and/or Cl−FeTMPP. To be able to vary the catalytic activity, two synthesis procedures have been used, varying either the heat-treatment temperature or the Fe content of the pyrolyzed materials. All the catalysts have been studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF SIMS) in order to find out if the relative intensity of one or several secondary ions was following the changes observed in the catalytic activity. Only one ion, FeN2C4+, may be considered as the signature of the catalytic site generated in this work. It has been detected in all prepared catalysts, whatever the Fe precursor or the synthesis procedure was used. It is proposed that this ion is produced under ToF SIMS analysis from part of a 1,10 phenanthrolinic-type structure, which is itself part of the catalytic site. This catalytic site is probably the same as the one obtained by the pyrolysis at high temperature (≥ 800 °C) of N4−Fe macrocycles adsorbed on carbon black. RDE and PEM fuel cell tests demonstrate that the most performing catalysts are those containing 2 wt % Fe as Cl−FeTMPP and 0.2 wt % Fe as Fe acetate. Increasing the Fe content beyond these limits mainly generates catalytically inactive Fe clusters and interferes with the characterization of the high-temperature active site.
Utrophin localization in normal and dystrophin-deficient heart. (1994)

This first localization of utrophin in normal heart (in Purkinje fibers, transverse tubules, and intercalated disks) showed a distinct subcellular localization of this protein with dystrophin, suggesting an important function of this protein in intercellular communication. In dystrophin-deficient hearts of MDX mice, utrophin alone is overexpressed as in skeletal muscle sarcolemma, an area normally occupied by dystrophin but not organized in the same networklike distribution.
The isolation and characterization of abscisic acid‐insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (1984)

Abscisic acid (ABA) insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. were isolated by selecting plants which grew well on a medium containing 10 μ M ABA. From the progeny of approximately 3500 mutagen‐treated seeds, five mutants of at least three different loci were isolated. Three mutants were characterized, moreover, by a reduced seed dormancy and by symptoms of withering, indicating disturbed water relations and, therefore, resembled phenotypically the ABA‐deficient mutants we described earlier in this species. Two mutants showed in addition only a reduction of seed dormancy. Compared to wild type, all mutants showed similar or increased levels of endogenous ABA in developing seeds and fruits (siliquae). The role of the different genes involved is discussed in relation to the mechanism of ABA action.
Simulation of the effects of loudness recruitment and threshold elevation on the intelligibility of speech in quiet and in a background of speech (1993)

These experiments simulated the threshold elevation and loudness recruitment associated with three different types of cochlear hearing loss: Moderate flat (condition R2), severe flat (condition R3), and moderate-to-severe sloping (condition RX). This was done to allow an examination of the effects of these factors on the intelligibility of speech, in isolation from other factors that are normally associated with cochlear hearing loss, such as reduced frequency selectivity. The simulation was performed by splitting the input signal into 13 frequency bands, and processing the envelope in each band so as to create loudness sensations in a normal ear that would resemble those produced in an impaired ear with recruitment. The bands were then recombined. All tests were performed using subjects with normal hearing. For speech in quiet, simulation of hearing loss produced a reduction in the ability to understand low-level speech. However, speech at sufficiently high levels was highly intelligible in all conditions. Linear amplification according to the National Acoustic Laboratory (NAL) prescription gave high intelligibility for speech at normal conversational levels. For speech presented at a fixed input level of 65 dB SPL, against a background of a single competing talker, simulation of hearing loss produced substantial decrements in performance. The speech-to-background ratios in conditions R2 and RX had to be 11-13 dB higher than in the control condition (unprocessed stimuli) to achieve similar levels of performance. Linear amplification according to the NAL prescription improved performance markedly for the conditions simulating flat losses, but was less effective for the condition simulating a sloping loss. This indicates that threshold elevation combined with recruitment produces a loss of intelligibility for speech in the presence of a single competing talker that is only partly compensated by linear amplification of the type typically used in hearing aids.
Identification of a Novel <i>GLA</i> Gene Mutation, p.Ile239Met, in Fabry Disease With a Predominant Cardiac Phenotype (2017)

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, encoding for the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Although hundreds of mutations in the GLA gene have been described, many of them are variants of unknown significance. Here we report a novel GLA mutation, p.Ile239Met, identified in a large Hungarian three-generation family with FD. A 69 year-old female index patient with a clinical history of renal failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 2nd degree AV block was screened for mutation in the GLA gene. Genetic screening identified a previously unreported heterozygous mutation in exon 5 of the GLA gene (c.717A>G; p.Ile239Met). Family screening indicated that altogether 6 family members carried the mutation (5 females, 1 male, average age: 55 ± 16 years). Three family members, including the index patient, manifested the cardiac phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, while two other family members were diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy. Taking affection status as the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy or elevated lyso-Gb3 levels, all affected family members carried the mutation. Linkage analysis of the family gave a two-point LOD score of 2.01 between the affection status and the p.Ile239Met GLA mutation. Lyso-Gb3 levels were elevated in all carrier family members (range: 2.4-13.8 ng/mL; upper limit of normal +2STD: ≤ 1.8 ng/mL). The GLA enzyme level was markedly reduced in the affected male family member (< 0.2 µmol/L/hour; upper limit of normal ± 2STD: ≥ 2.6 µmol/L/hour). We conclude that the p. Ile239Met GLA mutation is a pathogenic mutation for FD associated with predominant cardiac phenotype.
Reconstruction of objects above and below the objective focal plane with dimensional fidelity by FINCH fluorescence microscopy (2012)

Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH) can faithfully reproduce objects above and below the optical plane of focus. However, as in optical imaging, the transverse magnification and optimal reconstruction depth changes based on the longitudinal distance of objects from the focal plane of the input lens with the exception that objects above and below the focal plane are in focus with FINCH and out of focus by standard optical imaging. We have analyzed these effects both theoretically and experimentally for two configurations of a FINCH fluorescence microscopy system. This information has been used to reconstruct a test planar object placed above or below the optical plane of focus with high dimensional and image fidelity. Because FINCH is inherently a super-resolving system, this advance makes it possible to create super-resolved 3D images from FINCH holograms.
Knockout mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 that are devoid of RTX toxins do not activate or kill porcine neutrophils (1995)

The Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae RTX-toxins ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII are important virulence factors of this swine pathogen. It is hypothesized that the Apx toxins are deleterious to defense cells of the host, enabling the bacterium to infect the host. To confirm this, we studied the effect on porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils of mutant strains of A. pleuropneumoniae that were devoid of Apx toxins. For this purpose, we developed a system for targeted mutagenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae based on the conditionally replicating plasmid pVE6063 and insertional mutagenesis by homologous recombination. Employing this system on the reference strain of serotype 1, a strain that secretes ApxI and ApxII, we generated mutant strains that were devoid of ApxI and/or ApxII. We compared the ability of the parent strain and the mutant strains to provoke an oxidative burst in porcine neutrophils and to kill these cells. The parent strain and mutants that secreted either ApxI or ApxII provoked an oxidative burst and killed the neutrophils, whereas mutant strains that were devoid of ApxI and ApxII did not. These experiments indicate the importance of ApxI and ApxII to these profound effects on neutrophils and emphasize the importance of ApxI and ApxII in pathogenesis.
BRET biosensors to study GPCR biology, pharmacology, and signal transduction (2012)

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensors have been extensively used over the last decade to study protein-protein interactions and intracellular signal transduction in living cells. In this review, we discuss the various BRET biosensors that have been developed to investigate biology, pharmacology, and signaling of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs form two distinct types of multiprotein signal transduction complexes based upon their inclusion of G proteins or β-arrestins that can be differentially affected by drugs that exhibit functional selectivity toward G protein or β-arrestin signaling. BRET has been especially adept at illuminating the dynamics of protein-protein interactions between receptors, G proteins, β-arrestins, and their many binding partners in living cells; as well as measuring the formation and accumulation of second messengers following receptor activation. Specifically, we discuss in detail the application of BRET to study dopamine and trace amine receptors signaling, presenting examples of an exchange protein activated by cAMP biosensor to measure cAMP, β-arrestin biosensors to determine β-arrestin recruitment to the receptor, and dopamine D2 receptor and trace amine-associated receptor 1 biosensors to investigate heterodimerization between them. As the biochemical spectrum of BRET biosensors expands, the number of signaling pathways that can be measured will concomitantly increase. This will be particularly useful for the evaluation of functional selectivity in which the real-time BRET capability to measure distinct signaling modalities will dramatically shorten the time to characterize new generation of biased drugs. These emerging approaches will further expand the growing application of BRET in the screening for novel pharmacologically active compounds.
The effect of particle concentration on the coefficient of drag of a spherical particle (2004)

In the simulation of dilute gas-solid flows such as those seen in many industrial applications, the Lagrangian Particle Tracking method is used to track packets of individual particles through a converged fluid field. In the tracking of these particles, the most dominant forces acting upon the particles are those of gravity and drag. In order to accurately predict particle motion, the determination of the aforementioned forces becomes of the upmost importance, and hence an improved drag force formula was developed to incorporate the effects of particle concentration. This study examines the individual effects of particles located both perpendicular and parallel to the flow direction, as well as the effect of a particle entrain within an infinite matrix of evenly distributed particles. Results show that neighbouring particles perpendicular to the flow (Model II) have an effect of increasing the drag force at close separation distances, but this becomes negligible between 5-10 particle diameters depending on particle Reynolds number (Rep). When entrained in an infinite line of particles co-aligned with the flow (Model I), the drag force is remarkably reduce at close separation distances and increases as the distance increases. The results of the infinite matrix of particles (Model III) show that, although not apparent in the individual model, the effect of side particles is experienced many particle diameters downstream.
Petal Effect:  A Superhydrophobic State with High Adhesive Force (2008)

Hierarchical micropapillae and nanofolds are known to exist on the petals' surfaces of red roses. These micro- and nanostructures provide a sufficient roughness for superhydrophobicity and yet at the same time a high adhesive force with water. A water droplet on the surface of the petal appears spherical in shape, which cannot roll off even when the petal is turned upside down. We define this phenomenon as the "petal effect" as compared with the popular "lotus effect". Artificial fabrication of biomimic polymer films, with well-defined nanoembossed structures obtained by duplicating the petal's surface, indicates that the superhydrophobic surface and the adhesive petal are in Cassie impregnating wetting state.
Trade Secrets and the New Realities of the Internet Age (1998)

The author discusses the risks of industrial espionage and the misappropriation of trade secrets in view of the explosive growth of the internet. Good examines the legal challenges facing the evolution of trade secret law and proposes measures that will promote continued protection of proprietary information.
An mRNA structure that controls gene expression by binding FMN (2002)

The RFN element is a highly conserved domain that is found frequently in the 5'-untranslated regions of prokaryotic mRNAs that encode for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) biosynthesis and transport proteins. We report that this domain serves as the receptor for a metabolite-dependent riboswitch that directly binds FMN in the absence of proteins. Our results also indicate that in Bacillus subtilis, the riboswitch most likely controls gene expression by causing premature transcription termination of the ribDEAHT operon and precluding access to the ribosome-binding site of ypaA mRNA. Sequence and structural analyses indicate that the RFN element is a natural FMN-binding aptamer, the allosteric character of which is harnessed to control gene expression.
Improved yields of long PCR products using gene 32 protein (1990)

Journal Article Improved yields of long PCR products using gene 32 protein Get access Klaus Schwarz, Klaus Schwarz Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics II, University of UlmPrittwitzstrasse 43, D-7900 Ulm, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Hansen-Hagge, Thomas Hansen-Hagge Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics II, University of UlmPrittwitzstrasse 43, D-7900 Ulm, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Claus Bartram Claus Bartram Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Pediatrics II, University of UlmPrittwitzstrasse 43, D-7900 Ulm, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 4, 25 February 1990, Page 1079, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.4.1079 Published: 25 February 1990 Article history Received: 11 December 1989 Published: 25 February 1990
A new class of anti‐HIV agents: GAP31, DAPs 30 and 32 (1991)

Three inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been isolated and purified to homogeneity from Euphorbiaceae himalaya seeds (Gelonium multiflorum) and carnation leaves (Dianthus caryophyllus). These proteins, GAP 31 (Gelonium Anti-HIV Protein 31 kDa) and DAPs 30 and 32 (dianthus anti-HIV proteins, 30 and 32 kDa), inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication in a dose-dependent manner with little toxicity to target cells. The therapeutic indices of these compounds are in the order 10(4), suggesting that they may be clinically important agents in the treatment of AIDS. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of these proteins show little homology to those of previously described anti-HIV proteins. The structure-function features of these HIV inhibitors, based on the 40-60 amino acid residues of N-terminal sequences, are examined.
Effect of comorbid anxiety on treatment response and relapse risk in late-life depression: controlled study (2007)

Improved identification and management of anxiety in late-life depression are needed to achieve response and stabilise recovery.
Entropic Trapping and Escape of Long DNA Molecules at Submicron Size Constriction (1999)

We studied the passage of DNA molecules, driven by an electric field, through a microfabricated channel with 90 nm size constrictions. DNA molecules were entropically trapped at the constriction and escaped with a characteristic lifetime. Counterintuitively, longer DNA were found to escape entropic traps faster than shorter ones. DNA molecules overcome the entropic barrier by stretching their monomers into the constriction, which results in the fact that the energy barrier for DNA escape is independent of the chain length.
A novel transcription factor inhibitor, SP100030, inhibits cytokine gene expression, but not airway eosinophilia or hyperresponsiveness in sensitized and allergen‐exposed rat (2001)

1. We examined the effect of SP100030, a novel inhibitor of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B transcription factors, in a rat model of asthma. 2. Sensitized Brown-Norway rats were treated with SP100030 (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 3 days) intraperitoneally prior to allergen challenge. Allergen exposure of sensitized rats induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and also an increase in eosinophils and CD2(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells in the airways together with mRNA expression for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-gamma. 3. Pre-treatment with SP100030 inhibited BAL lymphocyte influx (P<0.03), specifically reduced CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in the airway submucosa (P<0.03), and mRNA expression for IL-2, IL-5, and IL-10 (P<0.05). Neutrophil, eosinophil, and CD4(+) T-cells accumulation in the airways and BHR were not affected by SP100030. 4. Our results indicate that suppression of IL-2 and IL-5 mRNA expression may not necessarily lead to suppression of BHR. The expression of IL-5 mRNA may contribute to the airway accumulation of eosinophils, but does not correlate with the extent of eosinophilia. 5. The joint AP-1 and NF-kappa B inhibitor, SP100030, selectively inhibits CD8(+) T-cells, and mRNA expression of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, but does not inhibit allergen-induced airway eosinophilia and BHR.
Substitution in the Hydantoin Ring. III.1 Halogenation2 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstitution in the Hydantoin Ring. III.1 Halogenation2Renée A. Corral and Orfeo O. OraziCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1100–1104Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structures of the CXCR4 Chemokine GPCR with Small-Molecule and Cyclic Peptide Antagonists (2010)

Chemokine receptors are critical regulators of cell migration in the context of immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. The G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 is specifically implicated in cancer metastasis and HIV-1 infection. Here we report five independent crystal structures of CXCR4 bound to an antagonist small molecule IT1t and a cyclic peptide CVX15 at 2.5 to 3.2 angstrom resolution. All structures reveal a consistent homodimer with an interface including helices V and VI that may be involved in regulating signaling. The location and shape of the ligand-binding sites differ from other G protein-coupled receptors and are closer to the extracellular surface. These structures provide new clues about the interactions between CXCR4 and its natural ligand CXCL12, and with the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120.
COVID-19 and chronological aging: senolytics and other anti-aging drugs for the treatment or prevention of corona virus infection? (2020)

COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is a new emerging zoonotic corona virus of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) family. COVID-19 originated in China and spread world-wide, resulting in the pandemic of 2020. For some reason, COVID-19 shows a considerably higher mortality rate in patients with advanced chronological age. This begs the question as to whether there is a functional association between COVID-19 infection and the process of chronological aging. Two host receptors have been proposed for COVID-19. One is CD26 and the other is ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Interestingly, both CD26 and the angiotensin system show associations with senescence. Similarly, two proposed therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection are Azithromycin and Quercetin, both drugs with significant senolytic activity. Also, Chloroquine-related compounds inhibit the induction of the well-known senescence marker, Beta-galactosidase. Other anti-aging drugs should also be considered, such as Rapamycin and Doxycycline, as they behave as inhibitors of protein synthesis, blocking both SASP and viral replication. Therefore, we wish to speculate that the fight against COVID-19 disease should involve testing the hypothesis that senolytics and other anti-aging drugs may have a prominent role in preventing the transmission of the virus, as well as aid in its treatment. Thus, we propose that new clinical trials may be warranted, as several senolytic and anti-aging therapeutics are existing FDA-approved drugs, with excellent safety profiles, and would be readily available for drug repurposing efforts. As Azithromycin and Doxycycline are both commonly used antibiotics that inhibit viral replication and IL-6 production, we may want to consider this general class of antibiotics that functionally inhibits cellular protein synthesis as a side-effect, for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease.