gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estradiol and fibulin-1 inhibit motility of human ovarian- and breast-cancer cells induced by fibronectin (1998)

Ovarian-cancer cells are characterized by their ability to invade freely the peritoneal cavity. Estradiol stimulates the proliferation of estrogen-receptor(ER)-positive ovarian-cancer cells, as well as expression of fibulin-1, a fibronectin-binding extracellular matrix protein. Using a modified Boyden-chamber assay, we have evaluated the respective roles of estradiol and fibulin-1 on cell motility, one of the earlier steps of tumor invasion. The effect of estradiol was examined on the random and directional migration of different ER-positive ovarian-cancer cell lines. The effect of fibulin-1 was studied on the motility of the MDA-MB231 breast-cancer cell line, which does not express fibulin-1. We found that when fibronectin (FN) was used as an attractant, estradiol decreased the cell motility of 2 ER-positive ovarian-cancer cell lines, BG-1 and SKOV3, but had no effect on 2 ER-negative cell lines, PEO14 and MDA-MB231. The inhibitory effect of estradiol was not observed when collagen (type 1 or 4) or laminin were used as attractants. Fibulin-1 was found to inhibit haptotactic migration of MDA-MB231 cells to FN in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that both estradiol and fibulin-1 inhibit cancer cell motility in vitro and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor invasion.
New insights into the function of noncoding RNA and its potential role in disease pathogenesis. (1999)

All polyadenylated RNAs expressed in mammalian tissues are assumed to be transported to the cytoplasm where they direct the synthesis of a protein product. This mainstream view of the function of polyadenylated transcripts is currently being challenged by the identification of a novel class of genes which, although they encode polyadenylated RNA, do not make a translated protein. Many of these noncoding RNAs are developmentally regulated or show highly restricted patterns of gene expression, and their functions are providing important insight into RNA-based mechanisms of gene expression, genomic imprinting, cell cycle progression, and differentiation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of mammalian noncoding RNAs, and to highlight their potential for identifying new pathways of human disease.
An essential role for retinoid signaling in anteroposterior neural patterning (1997)

The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is induced by signals emanating from the dorsal mesoderm, or organizer, that divert the ectoderm away from an epidermal and towards a neural fate. Additional signals from the organizer pattern the neural ectoderm along the anteroposterior axis. We devised highly specific methods utilizing constitutively active or dominant negative receptors to evaluate the role of retinoids in neural patterning. Microinjection of these reagents either augments or reduces retinoid signaling in specific regions of the embryo. We show that increased receptor activity suppresses anterior neural structures while dominant negative receptors lead to anterior enhancement. Similarly, microinjection of the dominant negative receptor leads to the loss of posterior marker genes. We demonstrate that retinoid receptors comprise a critical component in neural posteriorization and are required for proper neuronal differentiation. These results support a quantitative role for retinoid signaling in regionalization of the CNS.
Clinical Manifestations and Therapy of Lactobacillus Endocarditis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature (1986)

A case of Lactobacillus casei endocarditis that occurred on a Carpentier-Edwards porcine valve is reported. A review of the literature, which yielded 23 other reports of endocarditis due to this organism, suggests that Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis. Typically, it occurs in a patient with preexisting structural heart disease (20 of 24 [83%]) and often with some form of recent dental infection or manipulation (18 of 24 [75%]). Six (25%) of 24 patients died of this infection; however, only one (5%) of 19 who were treated with adequate antimicrobial therapy died. The response to antimicrobial therapy was better in the more recent cases. Of those 18 patients who completed a full course of therapy, seven (39%) experienced a relapse; five of these were cured of their infection with a second course of antimicrobial therapy, which usually included higher doses of intravenous penicillin. Our case represents the second reported case that required surgical intervention for cure. Embolic phenomena occurred in 10 (42%) of 24 cases. Various combinations of antibiotics have been successful in achieving cure; however, at present, high-dose penicillin (greater than 25 million units/day) in combination with an aminoglycoside for a period of six weeks appears to be the optimum therapy.
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces death receptor 5 expression through mRNA stabilization independently of PPARγ and potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis (2006)

15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), the terminal derivative of the PGJ series, is emerging as a potent antineoplastic agent among cyclopentenone prostaglandins derivatives and also known as the endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). On the other hand, death receptor 5 (DR5) is a specific receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is one of the most promising candidates for new cancer therapeutics. Here, we report that 15d-PGJ(2) induces DR5 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, resulting in the synergistic sensitization of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human neoplastic cells, such as Jurkat human leukemia cells or PC3 human prostate cancer cells. 15d-PGJ(2) significantly increased DR5 mRNA stability, whereas it did not activate DR5 promoter activity. Synthetic PPARgamma agonists, such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, did not mimic the DR5-inducing effects of 15d-PGJ(2), and a potent PPARgamma inhibitor GW9662 failed to block DR5 induction by 15d-PGJ(2), suggesting PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. Cotreatment with 15d-PGJ(2) and TRAIL enhanced the sequential activation of caspase-8, caspase-10, caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bid. DR5/Fc chimera protein, zVAD-fmk pancaspase inhibitor, and caspase-8 inhibitor efficiently blocked the activation of these apoptotic signal mediators and the induction of apoptotic cell death enhanced by cotreatment with 15d-PGJ(2) and TRAIL. Moreover, a double-stranded small interfering RNA targeting DR5 gene, which suppressed DR5 up-regulation by 15d-PGJ(2), significantly attenuated apoptosis induced by cotreatment with 15d-PGJ(2) and TRAIL. These results suggest that 15d-PGJ(2) is a potent sensitizer of TRAIL-mediated cancer therapeutics through DR5 up-regulation.
Total synthesis of the antifungal agent papulacandin D (1995)

Condensation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-gluconolactone with tert-butyl[2-lithio-3,5-di-(triisopropylsilyloxy)benzyloxy]dimethylsilane, protection of the resultant spiroketal with di(tert-butyl)silyl di(trifluoromethanesulfonate), selective O-3′-esterification and deprotection gives papulacandin D.
Stretchable, Transparent, Ultrasensitive, and Patchable Strain Sensor for Human–Machine Interfaces Comprising a Nanohybrid of Carbon Nanotubes and Conductive Elastomers (2015)

PSS). This sensor, which can detect small strains on human skin, was created using environmentally benign water-based solution processing. We attributed the tunability of strain sensitivity (i.e., gauge factor), stability, and optical transparency to enhanced formation of percolating networks between conductive SWCNTs and PEDOT phases at interfaces in the stacked PU-PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT/PU-PEDOT:PSS structure. The mechanical stability, high stretchability of up to 100%, optical transparency of 62%, and gauge factor of 62 suggested that when attached to the skin of the face, this sensor would be able to detect small strains induced by emotional expressions such as laughing and crying, as well as eye movement, and we confirmed this experimentally.
A Minisonicator To Rapidly Disrupt Bacterial Spores for DNA Analysis (1999)

Concerns about the use of anthrax spores as a weapon of mass destruction have motivated the development of portable instruments capable of detecting and monitoring a suspected release of the agent. Optimal detection of bacterial spores by PCR requires that the spores be disrupted to make the endogenous DNA available for amplification. The entire process of spore lysis, PCR, and detection can take several hours using conventional methods and instruments. In this report, a minisonicator and prototype spore lysis cartridge were built to disrupt Bacillus spores in 30 s for rapid, real-time PCR analysis. Utilization of the minisonicator improved PCR analysis by decreasing the limit of detection, reducing the time of detection, and increasing the signal amplitude. Total time of spore disruption and detection using the minisonicator and a microchip PCR instrument was less than 15 min.
Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing (1966)

Experimental and theoretical results are described on the enhancement of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) and mixing in KDP by the use of optical resonance. Both resonance of the harmonic and of the fundamental are considered. Large enhancements are possible for resonators with low loss. Using a planoconcave harmonic resonator containing 1.23 cm of KDP, the authors achieved a loss < 4 percent per pass. This resulted in an enhancement of ∼ 500 times the harmonic power internal to the resonator and ∼ 10 times external to the resonator. When resonating, the fundamental enhancements of ∼ 5 were observed. The theory includes the effect of double refraction. This results in a coupling coefficient of the generated harmonic power to the transverse modes of the harmonic resonator. The experimental results are in substantial agreement with the theory.
Effect of JAK Inhibitors on Release of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 from Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2015)

These data suggest that the novel JAK inhibitor, PF1367550, is more potent than PF956980 and that JAK pathway inhibition in airway epithelium could provide an alternative anti-inflammatory approach for glucocorticosteroid-resistant diseases including COPD.
Group Key Management Protocol (GKMP) Architecture (1997)

This specification proposes a protocol to create grouped symmetric keys and distribute them amongst communicating peers.This protocol has the following advantages: 1) virtually invisible to operator, 2) no central key distribution site is needed, 3) only group members have the key, 4) sender or receiver oriented operation, 5) can make use of multicast communications protocols.
Diastolic Dysfunction in Hypertensive Heart Disease Is Associated With Altered Myocardial Metabolism (1999)

Myocardial HEP metabolism is altered in patients with hypertensive heart disease. In addition, there is an association between impaired LV diastolic function and altered myocardial HEP metabolism in humans. The level of myocardial PCr/ATP is most likely determined by the level of cardiac work load.
Proteasome Inhibitors Trigger NOXA-Mediated Apoptosis in Melanoma and Myeloma Cells (2005)

Patients with metastatic melanoma or multiple myeloma have a dismal prognosis because these aggressive malignancies resist conventional treatment. A promising new oncologic approach uses molecularly targeted therapeutics that overcomes apoptotic resistance and, at the same time, achieves tumor selectivity. The unexpected selectivity of proteasome inhibition for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells, prompted us to define the mechanism of action for this class of drugs, including Food and Drug Administration-approved bortezomib. In this report, five melanoma cell lines and a myeloma cell line are treated with three different proteasome inhibitors (MG-132, lactacystin, and bortezomib), and the mechanism underlying the apoptotic pathway is defined. Following exposure to proteasome inhibitors, effective killing of human melanoma and myeloma cells, but not of normal proliferating melanocytes, was shown to involve p53-independent induction of the BH3-only protein NOXA. Induction of NOXA at the protein level was preceded by enhanced transcription of NOXA mRNA. Engagement of mitochondrial-based apoptotic pathway involved release of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, and apoptosis-inducing factor, accompanied by a proteolytic cascade with processing of caspases 9, 3, and 8 and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase. Blocking NOXA induction using an antisense (but not control) oligonucleotide reduced the apoptotic response by 30% to 50%, indicating a NOXA-dependent component in the overall killing of melanoma cells. These results provide a novel mechanism for overcoming the apoptotic resistance of tumor cells, and validate agents triggering NOXA induction as potential selective cancer therapeutics for life-threatening malignancies such as melanoma and multiple myeloma.
Structure-activity relationships from molecular similarity matrices (1993)

An alternative method for determining structure-activity correlations is presented. Ligand molecules are described using data matrices derived from the results of N by N (each molecule compared to every other) molecular similarity calculations. The matrices were analyzed using a neural network pattern recognition technique and partial least squares statistics, with the results obtained compared to those achieved using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The molecular series used in the study comprised 31 steroids. The resultant pattern recognition analysis showed clustering of compounds with high, intermediate, and low affinity into separate regions of the neuron output plots. The cross-validated correlation coefficients obtained from statistical analyses of the matrices against steroid binding data compared well with those achieved using CoMFA. These results show that data matrices derived from molecular similarity calculations can provide the basis for rapid elucidation of both qualitative and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Modeling defect-feature interactions in the presence of aberrations (2001)

Programmed defects about 0.4 ?/NA in size are introduced in strong phase-shifting masks to produce exposure-sensitive printable artifacts for measuring lens aberrations. The programmed defects add interferrometric-like reference electric fields that coherently interact with the side-lobes of aberration sensitive pattern layouts to produce artifacts. The artifacts are separate but adjacent printed defects. The patterns are suitable for rapid reading by automatic wafer inspection equipment and directly indicate the levels of specific Zemike aberrations. High sensitivity to 0.01 X and good orthogonality with 12% confounding are possible for coma and trifoil. Results for even aberrations such as focus, astigmatism and spherical 3rd order are poor for 180° phase defect-probes but warrant further investigation with 90° phase.
The synthesis of phosphonate esters; an extension of the Mitsunobu reaction (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis of phosphonate esters; an extension of the Mitsunobu reactionDavid A. CampbellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6331–6335Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00049a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1325Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Increased sensitivity for detection of micrometastases in bone-marrow/peripheral-blood stem-cell products from breast-cancer patients by negative immunomagnetic separation (1998)

Immunocytochemical detection (ICC) of isolated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM) is currently the most established method for monitoring early dissemination in epithelial cancer. However, the low sample size that can practically be analyzed restricts the sensitivity and reliability of the ICC method. To be able to analyze larger samples, a negative immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique, utilising anti-CD45-conjugated Dynabeads, has been developed. Tumor-cell enrichment by depletion of CD45-expressing mononuclear cells (MNC) is followed by ICC for detection of the cytokeratin (CK)-positive (+) epithelial cells. In this study, bone-marrow samples (n = 165) and peripheral-blood-progenitor-cell (PBPC) apheresis products (n = 22) from breast-cancer patients were analyzed. The negative IMS analysis of 1 to 2 x 10(7) MNC was compared with ICC analysis of 2 x 10(6) unseparated MNC. Negative IMS resulted in 85% mean depletion of MNC. The results showed that 11.7% of the samples were positive by ICC analysis of unseparated MNC, as compared with 23.5% after negative IMS. In samples presenting > 10 CK+ cells, a 4-fold higher number of positive cells was detected by the negative IMS technique. Moreover, there was no evidence for general enrichment of false-positive cells. Altogether our results show that negative IMS is an efficient enrichment method for sensitive detection of CK+ cells in BM/PBPC products from breast-cancer patients. This opens the possibility for further characterization of micrometastatic tumor cells.
Immunomodulation at the initiation of phototherapy and photochemotherapy (1995)

The numbers and function of circulating lymphocyte subsets are within normal ranges in patients with psoriasis and are not affected by 4 weeks of ultraviolet (UV) therapy, except for a suppression in natural killer (NK) cell activity. However, it is possible that immunomodulation might occur at the initiation of phototherapy with a return to control values on more prolonged UV exposure. Thus, in this study the responses of 15 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis undergoing broad-band UVB therapy, 10 narrow-band (311-313 nm) UVB therapy and 10 PUVA therapy were compared. In each case, samples were taken immediately before starting treatment and 1 week later. Broad-band UVB and PUVA therapy had no effect on NK activity, but a significant reduction was found in the group receiving narrow-band UVB. In vitro lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and to herpes simplex virus antigens did not alter with therapy, except there was a significant increase in mitogen responses (at optimal mitogen concentrations only) in the narrow-band UVB group. Generally no alterations in overall percentages of circulating mononuclear cells were found in any group. Samples were taken from the epidermis of the forearm and back of the patients receiving narrow-band UVB for the quantification of urocanic acid (UCA) isomers. The total UCA concentration remained unchanged after 1 week of therapy, while the percentage of cis-UCA increased significantly at both sites in the majority of patients. However, this rise did not correlate with the decrease in NK cell activity and the two parameters may not be related causally.
Managing options risk with genetic algorithms (2002)

The Black-Scholes model asserts that a portfolio consisting of a short (long) call and its long (short) underlying asset earns the riskless rate of return if the portfolio hedge ratio is continuously rebalanced so that its asset price sensitivity, also known as delta, is kept equal to zero. In practice, delta rebalancing does not represent a perfect hedge because of market friction not accounted for in the Black-Scholes model. Researchers have studied hedging in a discrete-time framework and the impact on return due to transaction costs. Because of these and other factors, the distribution of returns on a delta-hedged portfolio departs substantially from the guaranteed riskless return of the Black-Scholes model. In a realistic scenario, investors wanting to hedge their portfolios are often faced with the problem of finding a tradeoff strategy between the extremes of minimizing risk by frequent rebalancing and minimizing cost by limiting the number of trades. The article addresses a tradeoff strategy issue by formulating a general hedging strategy aimed at optimizing the portfolio return distribution via periodic adjustments of portfolio weights, according to the hedger's preference toward investment in an imperfect market. The parameters that determine trading decisions are computed by simulating the portfolio behavior with genetic optimization of the return distribution. The author applies the trading strategy to two classic examples of hedge of a short call position and its results are briefly discussed. Finally, he addresses extensions and limitations of this new strategy.
Pulse arrival time and ballistocardiogram application to blood pressure variability estimation (2009)

This work presents a system which estimates blood pressure variability (BPV) via pulse arrival time (PAT) using two distinct methods. Three heart rate estimates are acquired from beat-to-beat time interval extraction of electrocardiogram (ECG), finger photoplethysmogram (PPG), and ballistocardiogram (BCG). Using both ECG and BCG as reference signals, PAT is computed. Since PAT variability (PATV) is correlated to blood pressure variability, the system obtains an estimation of both heart rate variability (HRV) and BPV, parameters which carry vast information to characterize physiological and pathological states. Since BCG has not been studied yet as an alternative to EGG in PAT calculations, this study focus on the correlation of these two PATV estimates.
Prediction of Fracture Energy and Flaw Size in Glasses from Measurements of Mirror Size (1974)

Fracture strengths (δ), fracture‐initiating flaw sizes, and mirror radii ( r ), as outlined by either the mist or the hackle boundary, were measured for silicate and nonsilicate glasses (e.g. As 2 S 3 and glassy carbon). For all glasses, δr 1/2 = constant. The average ratios of inner and outer mirror radii to flaw size were ∼10:1 and ∼13:1, respectively, for most of the glasses. Critical fracture energies calculated from either flaw or mirror size agreed very well with those obtained by double‐cantilever‐beam measurements.