gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human milk oligosaccharides reduce platelet-neutrophil complex formation leading to a decrease in neutrophil β 2 integrin expression (2004)

Human milk is thought by many authorities to be preferable to formula as a source of nutrients for infants. Some of the benefits may stem from its high concentration of unbound oligosaccharides (5-10 g/L). These sugars have structural similarities to selectin ligands, known to mediate important cell-cell interactions in the immune system. Platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC) exist in healthy individuals but have been implicated in disease states. Formation of these complexes requires selectins and as such, could be influenced by human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). Here, we investigate this possibility by examining the effect of HMO on the formation of PNC and activation of associated neutrophils. We collected blood from 10 healthy volunteers, activated platelets with adenosine 5'-diphosphate, and added HMO, oligosaccharide standards, or phosphate-buffered saline as a control. We determined the influence of HMO on PNC formation and adjacent neutrophil activation with fluorescein-activated cell sorter analysis after labeling with antibodies for the platelet marker CD42a and the neutrophil activation marker CD11b. Within physiologically achievable concentrations (6.25-125 microg/mL), an acidic HMO fraction reduced PNC formation up to 20%, which was similar to the effect seen with high concentrations of sialyl-Lewis x. Associated neutrophils showed a dose-dependent decrease in beta 2 integrin expression, up to 30%, at high but physiological concentrations. The neutral HMO fraction had no effect. These results support the hypothesis that acidic HMO serve as anti-inflammatory components of human milk and thus, contribute to the lower incidence of inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis in breast-fed versus formula-fed infants.
Identification and mitigation of NLOS based on channel state information for indoor WiFi localization (2015)

Indoor localization could benefit greatly from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) identification and mitigation, since the major challenge for WiFi indoor ranging-based localization technologies are multipath and NLOS. NLOS identification and mitigation on commodity WiFi devices, however, is challenge due to limited bandwidth and coarse multipath resolution with mere MAC layer RSSI. In this study, we explore and exploit the finer-grained PHY layer channel state information (CSI) to identify and mitigate NLOS. Key to our approach is exploiting several statistical features of CSI, which are proved to be particularly effective. Approach based on machine learning is proposed to identify NLOS and mitigate NLOS error. Experiment results in various indoor scenarios with severe interferences demonstrate that the proposed approach outperform previous threshold-based approaches and mitigate the impact of NLOS conditions perfectly.
The p40 Subunit of Interleukin (IL)-12 Promotes Stabilization and Export of the p35 Subunit (2013)

IL-12 is a 70-kDa heterodimeric cytokine composed of the p35 and p40 subunits. To maximize cytokine production from plasmid DNA, molecular steps controlling IL-12p70 biosynthesis at the posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels were investigated. We show that the combination of RNA/codon-optimized gene sequences and fine-tuning of the relative expression levels of the two subunits within a cell resulted in increased production of the IL-12p70 heterodimer. We found that the p40 subunit plays a critical role in enhancing the stability, intracellular trafficking, and export of the p35 subunit. This posttranslational regulation mediated by the p40 subunit is conserved in mammals. Based on these findings, dual gene expression vectors were generated, producing an optimal ratio of the two subunits, resulting in a ~1 log increase in human, rhesus, and murine IL-12p70 production compared with vectors expressing the wild type sequences. Such optimized DNA plasmids also produced significantly higher levels of systemic bioactive IL-12 upon in vivo DNA delivery in mice compared with plasmids expressing the wild type sequences. A single therapeutic injection of an optimized murine IL-12 DNA plasmid showed significantly more potent control of tumor development in the B16 melanoma cancer model in mice. Therefore, the improved IL-12p70 DNA vectors have promising potential for in vivo use as molecular vaccine adjuvants and in cancer immunotherapy.
Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor beta chain and down-regulates IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenesis. (1993)

Hematopoietic cell phosphatase (HCP) is a tyrosine phosphatase with two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains that is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, including cells whose growth is regulated by interleukin-3 (IL-3). The potential effects of HCP on IL-3-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and growth regulation were examined to assess the role of HCP in hematopoiesis. Our studies demonstrate that, following ligand binding, HCP specifically associates with the beta chain of the IL-3 receptor through the amino-terminal SH2 domain of HCP, both in vivo and in vitro, and can dephosphorylate the receptor chain in vitro. The effects of increasing or decreasing HCP levels in IL-3-dependent cells were assessed with dexamethasone-inducible constructs containing an HCP cDNA in sense and antisense orientations. Increased HCP levels were found to reduce the levels of IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and to dramatically suppress cell growth. Conversely, decreasing the levels of HCP increased IL-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and marginally increased growth rate. These results support a role for HCP in the regulation of hematopoietic cell growth and begin to provide a mechanistic explanation for the dramatic effects that the genetic loss of HCP, which occurs in motheaten (me) and viable motheaten (mev) mice, has on hematopoiesis.
Optical Signal Processing, Computing, and Neural Networks (1992)

From the Publisher:
In recent years, optical computing and optical neural networks research has enriched the field originally known as optical signal processing. Optical Signal Processing, Computing, and Neural Networks is a self-contained textbook that offers an introductory survey which examines photonics, linear and nonlinear signal processing, and numerical, symbolic, and neural computing. This comprehensive sourcebook is a basic text for students who lack an intensive background in optic, electromagnetic, computer, and neural network theories. It will also serve as a working reference for optical physicists and engineers involved in current research and development of modern optical signal processing that includes optical computing and neural networks. The first chapter of this book contains the basic coherent theory and concepts of optical transformation. The second chapter introduces the fundamental concept of optical signal processing and its architectures. The third chapter presents selected applications in coherent optics while the fourth chapter discusses white-light processing and its applications. The advances of spatial-light modulators are discussed as well as hybrid-optical architectures using spatial-light modulators in later chapters. Applications of photorefractive crystals in optical signal processing are presented in chapter 7. Digital-optical computing is described in chapter 8 while optical neural networks and their architectures, designs, and models are thoroughly covered in chapter 9. Examples and experimental results are included throughout the book to emphasize the concepts. Chapters include problem sets, 330 throughout, that reinforce key elements in the text.
Purification of intravenous immunoglobulin G from human plasma – aspects of yield and virus safety (2006)

Plasma-derived intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations have been successfully applied for the prophylactic prevention of infectious diseases in immunodeficient patients. In addition to its replacement therapy of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies, IVIG has found increased use in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. IVIG has become the major plasma product on the global blood product market. The world wide consumption nearly tripled between 1992 and 2003, from 19.4 to 52.6 tons. Classical manufacturing processes of IVIG, but also new strategies for purification are discussed with respect to practicability and yield. Ethanol fractionation is still the basis for most IVIG processes, although isolation and purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by chromatography has gained ground. The efficiency of virus inactivation methods and virus removal techniques in terms of logarithmic reduction factors are analyzed, but also the IgG losses are taken into consideration. Some of these methods also have the ability to separate prions. High pathogen safety and high yields have become the dominant goals of the plasma fractionation industry.
Design of a 10 kW, 500 kHz phase-shift controlled series-resonant inverter for induction heating (2002)

A phase-shift-controlled series-resonant inverter is used as power supply for a 10 kW, 500 kHz induction heating system. Analysis of the system for power regulation with zero voltage switching is presented, including the effect of MOSFET output capacitance. A control scheme is proposed to ensure switch turn-on with zero-voltage for all load conditions. The switching frequency is kept as close as possible to resonance to maintain near-minimal circulating energy. A prototype power supply was built and tested at 10 kW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activation of Jak/STAT proteins involved in signal transduction pathway mediated by receptor for interleukin 2 in malignant T lymphocytes derived from cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma and Sezary syndrome. (1996)

Signaling through the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) involves phosphorylation of several proteins including Jak3, STAT5, and, in preactivated cells, STAT3. In the present study, we examined the functional status of the IL-2R-associated Jak/STAT pathway in malignant T lymphocytes from advanced skin-based lymphomas: anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Sezary syndrome (SzS). Proliferation of three ALCL cell lines (PB-1, 2A, and 2B) was partially inhibited by rapamycin, a blocker of some of the signals mediated by IL-2R, but not by cyclosporin A, FK-506, and prednisone, which suppress signals mediated by the T-cell receptor. All the cell lines expressed on their surface the high-affinity IL-2R (alpha, beta, and gamma c chains). They showed basal, constitutive phosphorylation, and coassociation of Jak3, STAT5, and STAT3. Weak basal phosphorylation of IL-2R gamma c was also detected. In regard to SzS, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 of 14 patients showed basal phosphorylation of Jak3, accompanied by phosphorylation of STAT5 in 9 patients, and STAT3 in 4 patients. However, in vitro overnight culture of SzS cells without exogenous cytokines resulted in markedly decreased Jak3 and STAT5 phosphorylation, which could be reversed by stimulation with IL-2. This indicates that the basal phosphorylation of Jak3 and STAT5 in freshly isolated SzS cells is induced rather than constitutive. The basal activation of the Jak/STAT pathway involved in IL-2R signal transduction in ALCL and SzS cells reported here suggests that this pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, although the mechanism (induced versus constitutive) may vary between different lymphoma types.
Antisense Oligonucleotides Containing an Internal, Non-Nucleotide-Based Linker Promote Site-Specific Cleavage of RNA (1996)

We have designed and synthesized a series of novel antisense methylphosphonate oligonucleotide (MPO) cleaving agents that promote site-specific cleavage on a complementary RNA target. These MPOs contain a non- nucleotide-based linking moiety near the middle of the sequence in place of one of the nucleotide bases. The region surrounding the unpaired base on the RNA strand (i.e. the one directly opposite the non-nucleotide-linker) is sensitive to hydrolytic cleavage catalyzed by ethylenediamine hydrochloride. Furthermore, the regions of the RNA comprising hydrogen bonded domains are resistant to cleavage compared with single-stranded RNA alone. Several catalytic moieties capable of supporting acid/base hydrolysis were coupled to the non-nucleotide-based linker via simple aqueous coupling chemistries. When tethered to the MPO in this manner these moieties are shown to catalyze site-specific cleavage on the RNA target without any additional catalyst.
An Innovative System for Complete Cleanup of a Drill-In Fluid Filter Cake (2004)

Proposal As part of a comprehensive program to develop delayed filter cake breakers, a drill-in fluid with magnesium oxide (mag-ox) bridging particles and an ammonium chloride-based cleanup solution was developed. The mag-ox particles are insoluble in water and standard drill-in fluid-based brine such as sodium chloride, but these particles are readily soluble in ammonium chloride or ammonium citrate. Thus, an ammonium chloride-based cleanup can be formulated that will dissolve the bridging particles and other drill-in fluid components without using acid-based systems. Because this technology was of specific interest for injector well applications, a laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate this novel system. This paper summarizes laboratory work and radial flow loop test results, and discusses possible field applications. Filter-cake cleanup of injection wells can be especially problematic because operational constraints often preclude backflowing the well to remove the residual filter cake. Consequently, injection remains impaired if the residual filter cake is not removed by other means. The highly reactive nature of standard treatments may remove the filter cake at the point of circulation before the treatment can be placed over the entire openhole interval. A need exists for cleanup solutions that have a delayed effect on filter-cake integrity, allowing the cleanup solution to be circulated across the entire interval. Preferably, the treatment&amp;#39;s reaction with the filter cake would commence when the entire solution is in place and continue until the filter cake is uniformly removed. The ideal placement of a treatment would be in the gravel-pack carrier fluid, where it would provide enough of a delayed reaction to allow the gravel pack to be placed with an alpha/beta wave technique before fluid-loss control is lost.
Saturated fatty acids induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis independently of ceramide in liver cells (2006)

Accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues can lead to cell dysfunction and cell death, a phenomenon known as lipotoxicity. However, the signaling pathways and mechanisms linking lipid accumulation to cell death are poorly understood. The present study examined the hypothesis that saturated fatty acids disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and promote apoptosis in liver cells via accumulation of ceramide. H4IIE liver cells were exposed to varying concentrations of saturated (palmitate or stearate) or unsaturated (oleate or linoleate) fatty acids. ER homeostasis was monitored using markers of the ER stress response pathway, including phosphorylation of IRE1alpha and eIF2alpha, splicing of XBP1 mRNA, and expression of molecular chaperone (e.g., GRP78) and proapoptotic (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) genes. Apoptosis was monitored using caspase activity and DNA laddering. Palmitate and stearate induced ER stress, caspase activity, and DNA laddering. Inhibition of caspase activation prevented DNA laddering. Unsaturated fatty acids did not induce ER stress or apoptosis. Saturated fatty acids increased ceramide concentration; however, inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis did not prevent saturated fatty acid-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Unsaturated fatty acids rescued palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis. These data demonstrate that saturated fatty acids disrupt ER homeostasis and induce apoptosis in liver cells via mechanisms that do not involve ceramide accumulation.
Activated Kras and Ink4a/Arf deficiency cooperate to produce metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2003)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks among the most lethal of human malignancies. Here, we assess the cooperative interactions of two signature mutations in mice engineered to sustain pancreas-specific Cre-mediated activation of a mutant Kras allele (KrasG12D) and deletion of a conditional Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor allele. The phenotypic impact of KrasG12D alone was limited primarily to the development of focal premalignant ductal lesions, termed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), whereas the sole inactivation of Ink4a/Arf failed to produce any neoplastic lesions in the pancreas. In combination, KrasG12D expression and Ink4a/Arf deficiency resulted in an earlier appearance of PanIN lesions and these neoplasms progressed rapidly to highly invasive and metastatic cancers, resulting in death in all cases by 11 weeks. The evolution of these tumors bears striking resemblance to the human disease, possessing a proliferative stromal component and ductal lesions with a propensity to advance to a poorly differentiated state. These findings in the mouse provide experimental support for the widely accepted model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in which activated KRAS serves to initiate PanIN lesions, and the INK4A/ARF tumor suppressors function to constrain the malignant conversion of these PanIN lesions into lethal ductal adenocarcinoma. This faithful mouse model may permit the systematic analysis of genetic lesions implicated in the human disease and serve as a platform for the identification of early disease markers and for the efficient testing of novel therapies.
lin-25, a gene required for vulval induction in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

During vulval development in the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite, the fates of six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are influenced by distinct cell signaling events. In one event, a somatic gonadal cell, the anchor cell, induces the three nearest VPCs to adopt vulval cell fates. In another event, lateral signaling between adjacent VPCs specifies one of two different vulval fates, 1 degrees and 2 degrees. Induction of vulval fates by the anchor cell is mediated by a signal transduction pathway involving let-60 Ras, lin-45 Raf, and mpk-1/sur-1 MAP kinase, whereas lateral signaling is mediated by lin-12. We have shown that the mutant phenotype of lin-25, a gene required for VPC fate specification, results from a defect in vulval induction. Genetic epistasis experiments indicate that lin-25 is required in the inductive signaling pathway downstream of let-60 Ras and the Raf/MAP kinase cascade. A decrease in induction also appears to decrease lateral signaling. We have cloned and sequenced the lin-25 gene and shown that it encodes a novel protein that may be a target of the mpk-1/sur-1 MAPK.
Cidofovir for cytomegalovirus infection and disease in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients (2001)

A retrospective study was performed to collect information regarding efficacy and toxicity of cidofovir (CDV) in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Data were available on 82 patients. The indications for therapy were cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in 20 patients, primary preemptive therapy in 24 patients, and secondary preemptive therapy in 38 patients. Of the patients, 47 had received previous antiviral therapy with ganciclovir, foscarnet, or both drugs. The dosage of CDV was 1 to 5 mg/kg per week followed by maintenance every other week in some patients. The duration of therapy ranged from 1 to 134 days (median, 22 days). All patients received probenecid and prehydration. Ten of 20 (50%) patients who were treated for CMV disease (9 of 16 with pneumonia) responded to CDV therapy, as did 25 of 38 (66%) patients who had failed or relapsed after previous preemptive therapy and 15 of 24 (62%) patients in whom CDV was used as the primary preemptive therapy. Of the patients, 21 (25.6%) developed renal toxicity that remained after cessation of therapy in 12 patients. Fifteen patients developed other toxicities that were potentially due to CDV or the concomitantly given probenecid. No toxicity was seen in 45 (61.6%) patients. Cidofovir can be considered as second-line therapy in patients with CMV disease failing previous antiviral therapy. However, additional studies are needed before CDV can be recommended for preemptive therapy.
Electrospun Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Nanofibers for Nanogenerator and Diagnostic Sensor Applications (2017)

This paper presents for the first time that poly( l ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers can show the piezoelectricity along the fiber direction (d 33 ) by using an electrospinning method. First, the electrospun fiber bundles are characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray, and piezoelectric coefficient measurements. The data show that the supercritical CO 2 treatment can greatly enhance the piezoelectricity of electrospun PLLA fibers, which can be resulting from the increased crystallinity of the fibers. Later, it is found that the electrospun PLLA fiber can generate a current of 8 pA and a voltage of 20 mV by a simple push–release process. Further, a single PLLA fiber‐based blood pulse sensor is also fabricated and tested and shows around a 2 pA output for blood pulse. Due to easy fabrication and relatively simple structure, this device enables a broad range of promising future applications in the medical sensor area. image
Tumor-Cut: Segmentation of Brain Tumors on Contrast Enhanced MR Images for Radiosurgery Applications (2011)

In this paper, we present a fast and robust practical tool for segmentation of solid tumors with minimal user interaction to assist clinicians and researchers in radiosurgery planning and assessment of the response to the therapy. Particularly, a cellular automata (CA) based seeded tumor segmentation method on contrast enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, which standardizes the volume of interest (VOI) and seed selection, is proposed. First, we establish the connection of the CA-based segmentation to the graph-theoretic methods to show that the iterative CA framework solves the shortest path problem. In that regard, we modify the state transition function of the CA to calculate the exact shortest path solution. Furthermore, a sensitivity parameter is introduced to adapt to the heterogeneous tumor segmentation problem, and an implicit level set surface is evolved on a tumor probability map constructed from CA states to impose spatial smoothness. Sufficient information to initialize the algorithm is gathered from the user simply by a line drawn on the maximum diameter of the tumor, in line with the clinical practice. Furthermore, an algorithm based on CA is presented to differentiate necrotic and enhancing tumor tissue content, which gains importance for a detailed assessment of radiation therapy response. Validation studies on both clinical and synthetic brain tumor datasets demonstrate 80%-90% overlap performance of the proposed algorithm with an emphasis on less sensitivity to seed initialization, robustness with respect to different and heterogeneous tumor types, and its efficiency in terms of computation time.