gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact wide scan -angle antennas for automotive applications and RF MEMS switchable frequency -selective surfaces. (2004)

The objective of this thesis is to develop antenna systems for automotive radar applications at 24 and 77 GHz, separately and simultaneously, and which combine good performance with wide scan-angle, compactness, and low cost of production. Tapered-slot antennas (TSAs) are used as feed antennas to a single homogeneous spherical Teflon lens. This is a low-cost solution, and due to the small physical cross-section of the feed antennas, a very wide field of view is possible. The dependence of sidelobe level, directivity, and efficiency on the feed location is investigated in simulations and experiment, and a maximum achievable gain of around 38 dB is found. Using a lens with a radius of 6.42lambda<sub> 0</sub> at 77 GHz (25 mm), a sidelobe level of -20 dB and a gain of 29.4 dB is demonstrated which corresponds to a total system efficiency of 49%, not taking the losses in the TSA into account. Next, antenna arrays using a spherical Teflon lens are designed at 24 and 77 GHz with a scan-angle of up to 180&deg; while maintaining a low sidelobe level of -16 to -20 dB. The size of this multibeam antenna design is reduced using a hemispherical Teflon lens with backside metallization instead of a sphere. Further, the feed antennas for 24 and 77 GHz are integrated into a single aperture, using frequency-selective surfaces (FFSs), thus further increasing the compactness of the system. In a related project, this thesis demonstrates the first RF MEMS Switchable frequency-selective surface. A polarization independent FSS using four-legged loaded elements is designed using 2.5 and 3-dimensional electromagnetic solvers and equivalent circuit models. High resistivity bias lines are avoided by connecting the elements through air bridges. The impact of the bias circuitry for normal and oblique incidence is explained and the loading MEMS bridges are placed accordingly. An FSS consisting of 909 unit cells with 3,636 movable membranes is built on a 3<super>&Prime;</super> glass wafer using standard micromachining processes. The measured insertion loss at 30.2 GHz in inidband is 2.0 dB in transmit mode (bridges up) and 27 dB in reflection mode (bridges down). The FSS can also be tuned in an analog fashion with a pass-band center frequency of 30.2 to 29.4 GHz. The power handling of the switchable FSS is estimated to be >60--100 W before any of the bridges is actuated by the RF power for <italic>V<sub> p</sub></italic> = 20--30 V, or before any thermal limits are reached at the center of the array with active air cooling provided.
Motivos de los jóvenes riocuartenses para jugar al voleibol (2004)

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar los principales motivos que orientan a jugadores riocuartenses a practicar el voleibol. Se interesó también por identificar diferencias entre los dos equipos estudiados: el de Centro de Educación Física nº 11 (C11) que practica voleibol recreativo, y el Club Pronóstico (CP)1 que promueve una práctica más competitiva. Como instrumento de medición se utilizó el cuestionario de GILL et all. (1983) que permite clasificar el orden de importancia que los atletas atribuyen a los principales motivos por los cuales juegan voleibol. Los datos fueron analizados según las categorías de motivación elaboradas por Passer, sobre el cuestionario de GILL et all. Entre los resultados se observó que desde la perspectiva estadística los grupos no parecen semejantes, aunque en una primera lectura lo sugieran. Se concluye también que los diferentes objetivos de los dos grupos, mientras que para el equipo del C11 el motivo principal es "desarrollar habilidades" y para el CP es la "aptitud física", inciden en la explicitación de los motivos consignados.
Cellular receptors for advanced glycation end products. Implications for induction of oxidant stress and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions. (1994)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) form by the interaction of aldoses with proteins and the subsequent molecular rearrangements of the covalently linked sugars, eventuating in a diverse group of fluorescent compounds of yellow-brown color. This heterogeneous class of nonenzymatically glycated proteins or lipids is found in the plasma and accumulates in the vessel wall and tissues even in normal aging. As a consequence of hyperglycemia, AGE formation and deposition are much enhanced in diabetes, in which their presence has been linked to secondary complications, especially microvascular disease. This review summarizes the cellular interactions of AGEs and describes the central role of a novel receptor for AGE (RAGE). RAGE, an immunoglobulin superfamily member, mediates the binding of AGEs to endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes, interacts with a lactoferrin-like polypeptide that also binds AGEs, and appears to activate intracellular signal transduction mechanisms consequent to its interaction with the glycated ligand. RAGE is expressed by ECs, mononuclear phagocytes, smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells, and neurons, indicating a potential role in the regulation of their properties in homeostasis and/or their dysfunction in the development of diabetic complications. Since AGEs have been shown to generate reactive oxygen intermediates, tethering of AGEs to the cell surface by their receptors focuses oxidant stress on cellular targets, resulting in changes in gene expression and the cellular phenotype. The discovery of RAGE and development of reagents to block its interaction with AGEs should provide insights into the role of this ligand-receptor interaction in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and, potentially, atherosclerosis.
Site-Specific Discrimination of Cytosine and 5-Methylcytosine in Duplex DNA by Peptide Nucleic Acids (2002)

For site-specific discrimination of cytosine (C) and 5-methylcytosine (mC) in duplex DNA, we developed a new method using peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). The combination of a PNA-assisted DNA displacement complex and a fluorescein-labeled probe oligomer allowed the detection of mC at the defined sites in target DNA using a restriction enzyme. After treatment of the complex with a restriction enzyme, strong fluorescence emission was observed for the complex containing C at the target site, whereas the fluorescence intensity for the complex containing mC was extremely weak.
Action of the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin on glycolytic and glycogenolytic metabolism in adult rat brain cortex and hippocampus (1993)

In sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), a number of metabolic alterations to the brain have been observed soon after the onset of the initial clinical symptoms. In particular, impairments of glucose utilization and related metabolic pathways are prominent and well-established findings in incipient AD, resembling metabolic abnormalities such as have been found in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To mimic these abnormalities, we administered an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to rats and studied the effects of glucose and glycogen metabolism in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus compared with controls. The enzymatic activities studied dropped significantly by 10-30% in brain cortex (cort.) and hippocampus (hc) 3 and 6 weeks after icv STZ injection: hexokinase (15% 3 weeks cort.; 14% 6 weeks cort.; 12% 3 weeks hc; 28% 6 weeks hc), phosphofructokinase (15%; 15%; 24%; 15%), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (10%; 12%; 30%; 19%), pyruvate kinase (22%; 13%; 22%; 28%), glucose-6-phosphatase (10%; 23%; 14%; 19%) and phosphorylase a (22%; 11%; 30%; 15%). The content of glycogen was significantly higher in STZ-treated rats than in control animals (7% 3 weeks and 15% 6 weeks in cortex). In contrast to the reduced enzymatic activities, we observed no changes in the concentrations of the glycolytic intermediates glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, pyruvate, lactate and glucose-1-phosphate. These data clearly indicate reduced glycolytic enzyme activity after icv administration of STZ and suggest gluconeogenesis consequent on abnormalities in glucose breakdown. This model may thus be assumed to be a useful tool to investigate pathogenetic factors involved in sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type.
Biocompatible controlled release polymers for delivery of polypeptides and growth factors (1991)

The development of biocompatible, controlled release systems for macromolecules has provided the opportunity for researchers and clinicians to target and deliver, on site, biologically active factors. This advance has also facilitated the purification and characterization of a number of important biomolecules. These systems include controlled release delivery systems which release proteins through porous polymer matrices, degradable polymeric delivery systems, and modulated polymer release systems. These areas of research will be reviewed with regards to their design, release kinetics, and biocompatibilities. The utilization of these systems to release such biologically important polypeptides as growth factors (e.g., fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-B) as well as a number of important inhibitory factors (e.g., nitrosoureas, angiogenesis inhibitors) in both in vivo and in vitro studies will be discussed.
In Vivo Killing of Porphyromonas gingivalis by Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photosensitization in an Animal Model (2003)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major causative organisms of periodontitis and has been shown to be susceptible to toluidine blue-mediated photosensitization in vitro. The aims of the present study were to determine whether this technique could be used to kill the organism in the oral cavities of rats and whether this would result in a reduction in the alveolar bone loss characteristic of periodontitis. The maxillary molars of rats were inoculated with P. gingivalis and exposed to up to 48 J of 630-nm laser light in the presence of toluidine blue. The number of surviving bacteria was then determined, and the periodontal structures were examined for evidence of any damage. When toluidine blue was used together with laser light there was a significant reduction in the number of viable P. gingivalis organisms. No viable bacteria could be detected when 1 mg of toluidine blue per ml was used in conjunction with all light doses used. On histological examination, no adverse effect of photosensitization on the adjacent tissues was observed. In a further group of animals, after time was allowed for the disease to develop in controls, the rats were killed and the level of maxillary molar alveolar bone was assessed. The bone loss in the animals treated with light and toluidine blue was found to be significantly less than that in the control groups. The results of this study show that toluidine blue-mediated lethal photosensitization of P. gingivalis is possible in vivo and that this results in decreased bone loss. These findings suggest that photodynamic therapy may be useful as an alternative approach for the antimicrobial treatment of periodontitis.
Strontium Extraction with a Polymer-Bound 18-Crown-6 Polyether (1993)

Abstract A 18-C-6 crown ether-functionalized polystyrene network (2.04 mmol 18-C-6/g, noted R-18C6) has been synthesized by reaction of hydroxymethyl-18-crown-6 with the related chloromethylated polymer (5.6 mmol Cl/g, 6.5% crosslinked with divinylbenzene). The extraction of strontium from 1 M LiNO3—LiCl aqueous solutions with R-18C6 has been studied. The experimental data agree with the sorption equilibrium (log K25°C. = 2.52, and the superscript asterisk denotes a polymer bound species). Sr(NO3)2 is selectively extracted with R-18C6 from aqueous nitrate solutions containing trivalent lanthanum and europium. Replacing LiNO3 with HNO3 does not alter the extraction yield. The stripping of Sr(NO3)2 from the polymer network is complete at 60°C in distilled water but, owing to poor water swelling of the resin. the kinetics of extraction and stripping are rather slow.
Pathway analysis of gene signatures predicting metastasis of node-negative primary breast cancer (2007)

We show that divergent gene sets classifying patients for the same clinical endpoint represent similar biological processes and that pathway-derived signatures can be used to predict prognosis. Furthermore, our study reveals that the underlying biology related to aggressiveness of estrogen receptor subgroups of breast cancer is quite different.
Coenzyme Binding during Catalysis Is Beneficial for the Stability of 4-Hydroxyacetophenone Monooxygenase (2005)

The NADPH-dependent dimeric flavoenzyme 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (HAPMO) catalyzes Baeyer-Villiger oxidations of a wide range of ketones, thereby generating esters or lactones. In the current work, we probed HAPMO-coenzyme complexes present during the enzyme catalytic cycle with the aim to gain mechanistic insight. Moreover, we investigated the structural role of the nicotinamide coenzyme. For these studies, we used (i) wild type HAPMO, (ii) the R339A variant, which is active but has a low affinity toward NADPH, and (iii) the R440A variant, which is inactive but has a high affinity toward NADPH. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used as the primary tool to directly observe noncovalent protein-coenzyme complexes in real time. These analyzes showed for the first time that the nicotinamide coenzyme remains bound to HAPMO during the entire catalytic cycle of the NADPH oxidase reaction. This may also have implications for other homologous Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases. Together with the observations that NADP(+) only weakly interacts with oxidized enzyme and that HAPMO is mainly in the reduced form during catalysis, we concluded that NADP(+) interacts tightly with the reduced form of HAPMO. We also demonstrated that the association with the coenzyme is crucial for enzyme stability. The interaction with the coenzyme analog 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (AADP(+)) strongly enhanced the thermal stability of wild type HAPMO. This coenzyme-induced stabilization may also be important for related enzymes.
55Mn ENDOR of the S2-State Multiline EPR Signal of Photosystem II:  Implications on the Structure of the Tetranuclear Mn Cluster (2000)

We have performed continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) and electron spin echo electron nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) experiments on the multiline form of the S2-state of untreated, MeOH-treated, and ammonia-treated spinach photosystem II (PS II) centers. Through simultaneously constrained simulations of the CW-EPR and ESE-ENDOR data, we conclude that four effective 55Mn hyperfine tensors (AX, AY, AZ) are required to properly simulate the experimental data [untreated and MeOH-treated PS II centers (MHz): −232, −232, −270; 200, 200, 250; −311, −311, −270; 180, 180, 240; ammonia-treated PS II centers (MHz): 208, 208, 158; −150, −150, −112; 222, 222, 172; −295, −315, −390]. We further show that these effective hyperfine tensors are best supported by a trimer/monomer arrangement of three Mn(IV) ions and one Mn(III) ion. In this topology, MnA, MnB, and MnC form a strongly exchange coupled core (JAB and JBC < −100 cm-1) while MnD is weakly exchange coupled (JCD) to one end of the trinuclear core. For untreated and MeOH-treated PS II centers, the Mn(III) ion is either MnA or MnC, with a zero-field-splitting of D = −1.25 to −2.25 cm-1. For ammonia-treated PS II centers, the Mn(III) ion is MnD, with a zero-field-splitting of D = +0.75 to +1.75 cm-1. The binding of the ammonia ligand results in a shift of the Mn(III) ion from the trinuclear core to the monomer Mn ion. This structural model can also account for the higher spin of the g = 4.1 signal and the magnetic properties of the S0-state.
A Two-Stage One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of TDP-l-mycarose from Thymidine and Glucose-1-phosphate (2006)

This report describes a procedure combining six enzymes native to Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhi, such as thymidine kinase (TK), thymidylate kinase (TMK), nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK), pyruvate kinase (PK; for ATP regeneration), TDP-glucose synthetase (RfbA), and TDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (RfbB), with five enzymes from Streptomyces fradiae, such as TylX3, TylC1, TylC3, TylK, and TylC2, that resulted in the biosynthesis of TDP-l-mycarose from glucose-1-phosphate and thymidine. This two-stage one-pot approach can be readily applied to the synthesis of other unusual sugars.
Identification of an oncoprotein- and UV-responsive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain. (1993)

The activity of c-Jun is regulated by phosphorylation. Various stimuli including transforming oncogenes and UV light, induce phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73 in the amino-terminal activation domain of c-Jun and thereby potentiate its trans-activation function. We identified a serine/threonine kinase whose activity is stimulated by the same signals that stimulate the amino-terminal phosphorylation of c-Jun. This novel c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), whose major form is 46 kD, binds to a specific region within the c-Jun trans-activation domain and phosphorylates serines 63 and 73. Phosphorylation results in dissociation of the c-Jun-JNK complex. Mutations that disrupt the kinase-binding site attenuate the response of c-Jun to Ha-Ras and UV. Therefore the binding of JNK to c-Jun is of regulatory importance and suggests a mechanism through which protein kinase cascades can specifically modulate the activity of distinct nuclear targets.
Implementation of wireless remote monitoring and control of solar photovoltaic (PV) system (2012)

This paper describes the implementation of a wireless remote monitoring and control system of a solar photovoltaic distributed generator (PV-DG) for microgrids applications. To this aim, a small-scale PV-DG system is implemented using a 1.28 kWp assembly of PV polycrystalline modules connected to a single-phase utility grid through a commercial inverter. Then, a flexible, robust and reliable measurement and control system based on wireless sensor network (WSN) architecture is deployed. The wireless communication technology utilizes a full duplex digital system using the ZigBee protocol, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). The supervisory control system is implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) and a human-machine interface (HMI) software is developed for interacting with and managing remote sensor systems (RSSs).
Pulsar timing and relativistic gravity (1992)

Abstract In addition to being fascinating objects to study in their own right, pulsars are exquisite tools for probing a variety of issues in basic physics. Recycled pulsars, thought to have been spun up in previous episodes of mass accretion from orbiting companion stars, are especially well suited for such applications. They are extraordinarily stable clocks, approaching and perhaps exceeding the long-term stabilities of the best terrestrial time standards. Most of them are found in binary systems, with orbital velocities as large as 10-3 c. They provide unique opportunities for measuring neutron star masses, thereby yielding fundamental astrophysical data difficult to acquire by any other means. And they open the way for high precision tests of the nature of gravity under conditions much more ‘relativistic ’ than found anywhere within the Solar System. Among other results, pulsar timing observations have convincingly established the existence of quadrupolar gravitational waves propagating at the speed of light. They have also placed interesting limits on possible departures of the strong-field nature of gravity from general relativity, on the rate of change of Newton’s constant, G, and on the energy density of low-frequency gravitational waves in the universe.
cDNA Molecular Cloning of Geotrichum candidum Lipase (1989)

The cDNA clone of Geotrichum candidum (Geo.) lipase was isolated from the Geo. cDNA library by colony hybridization using 32P-labeled oligonucleotides corresponding to a partial amino acid sequence of this enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA determined by the dideoxy chain terminating method included some partial amino acid sequences determined by Edman degradation, and the overall amino acid composition deduced from the cDNA coincided with that from amino acid analysis of this protein. The cloned cDNA coded a protein of 554 amino acids and a hydrophobic signal sequence of 19 amino acids. Geo. lipase contained the -Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly- sequence which is believed to form part of the interfacial lipid recognition site.
User-driven quality evaluation of DBpedia (2013)

Linked Open Data (LOD) comprises of an unprecedented volume of structured datasets on the Web. However, these datasets are of varying quality ranging from extensively curated datasets to crowdsourced and even extracted data of relatively low quality. We present a methodology for assessing the quality of linked data resources, which comprises of a manual and a semi-automatic process. The first phase includes the detection of common quality problems and their representation in a quality problem taxonomy. In the manual process, the second phase comprises of the evaluation of a large number of individual resources, according to the quality problem taxonomy via crowdsourcing. This process is accompanied by a tool wherein a user assesses an individual resource and evaluates each fact for correctness. The semi-automatic process involves the generation and verification of schema axioms. We report the results obtained by applying this methodology to DBpedia. We identified 17 data quality problem types and 58 users assessed a total of 521 resources. Overall, 11.93% of the evaluated DBpedia triples were identified to have some quality issues. Applying the semi-automatic component yielded a total of 222,982 triples that have a high probability to be incorrect. In particular, we found that problems such as object values being incorrectly extracted, irrelevant extraction of information and broken links were the most recurring quality problems. With this study, we not only aim to assess the quality of this sample of DBpedia resources but also adopt an agile methodology to improve the quality in future versions by regularly providing feedback to the DBpedia maintainers.
Ring Heat Source Probe for Rapid Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Rocks (1967)

A ring heat source probe has been developed for the rapid determination of thermal conductivity of rocks. In addition to the short period of time required to run the test (2–3 min), sample preparation is minimal, requiring only that parallel flats approximately two cm in diameter be cut or ground on opposite sides of the sample. A calibration chart can be provided with each probe so that thermal conductivity can be obtained from simple experimental data without elaborate calculation.