gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Unmanned Airborne Vehicles and Mobile Robotic Telesurgery in an Extreme Environment (2008)

As unmanned extraction vehicles become a reality in the military theater, opportunities to augment medical operations with telesurgical robotics become more plausible. This project demonstrated an experimental surgical robot using an unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) as a network topology. Because battlefield operations are dynamic and geographically challenging, the installation of wireless networks is not a feasible option at this point. However, to utilize telesurgical robotics to assist in the urgent medical care of wounded soldiers, a robust, high bandwidth, low latency network is requisite. For the first time, a mobile surgical robotic system was deployed to an austere environment and surgeons were able to remotely operate the systems wirelessly using a UAV. Two University of Cincinnati surgeons were able to remotely drive the University of Washington's RAVEN robot's end effectors. The network topology demonstrated a highly portable, quickly deployable, bandwidth-sufficient and low latency wireless network required for battlefield use.
Allergic Hypersensitivity to Lidocaine Hydrochloride (1980)

A 39-year-old man developed allergic hypersensitivity to lidocaine hydrochloride and showed urticarial dermographism. Although hypersensitivity reactions to local anesthetics are rare and are usually due to esters of procaine, reaction to the amides of lidocaine can occur. A review of the literature for the past decade revealed only four reported cases of allergic hypersensitivity to lidocaine hydrochloride.
Observations and consequences of nonuniform aluminum concentrations in the channel regions of AlGaAs channeled-substrate-planar lasers (1987)

Compositional changes in the n-clad layer within the channel region of channel substrate planar (CSP) type semiconductor lasers have been observed. As a consequence, a large optical cavity (LOC) or an enhanced substrate loss (ESL) version of the CSP geometry may result, both of which may have significantly different characteristics from those of a conventional CSP laser. The CSP-LOC generally has a larger near-field spot size, while the ESL-CSP is characterized by an off-axis, asymmetric far-field pattern.
Requirements for Germination ofClostridium sordelliiSporesIn Vitro (2009)

Clostridium sordellii is a spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that can cause toxic shock syndrome after gynecological procedures. Although the incidence of C. sordellii infection is low, it is fatal in most cases. Since spore germination is believed to be the first step in the establishment of Bacilli and Clostridia infections, we analyzed the requirements for C. sordellii spore germination in vitro. Our data showed that C. sordellii spores require three structurally different amino acids and bicarbonate for maximum germination. Unlike the case for Bacilli species, d-alanine had no effect on C. sordellii spore germination. C. sordellii spores germinated only in a narrow pH range between 5.7 and 6.5. In contrast, C. sordellii spore germination was significantly less sensitive to temperature changes than that of the Bacilli. The analysis of the kinetics of C. sordellii spore germination showed strong allosteric behavior in the binding of l-phenylalanine and l-alanine but not in that of bicarbonate or l-arginine. By comparing germinant apparent binding affinities to their known in vivo concentrations, we postulated a mechanism for differential C. sordellii spore activation in the female reproductive tract.
Copper-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization Utilizing Biological and End Group Modified Poly(ethylene-co-butylene) Macroinitiators (2000)

Summary : Copper mediated living radical polymerization can be used with a wide range of functional initiators to produce functional polymers. Block copolymers may be efficiently prepared using macroinitiators. This is demonstrated in this paper by synthesis and characterisation of a cholestrol based initiator and macroinitiators based on mono and difunctional polymers of ethylene and butylène. Polymerization of styrene and methacrylates using Schiff base ligands in conjunction with Cu(I)Br proceeds in a controlled manner yielding homopolymers, A-B diblock and A-BA triblock (co)polymers of defined molecular weight and low polydispersity. Polymers based on methacrylic acid, 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and a random copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate have been synthesized by use of the cholestrol initiator to give resulting water soluble/dispersible polymers.
Insulin Regulates Expression of Metabolic Genes through Divergent Signaling Pathways (1999)

The regulation of metabolic gene expression is a major mechanism by which insulin modulates glucose homeostasis. Defective transcription factors or signal transduction molecules that are required for insulin regulated gene expression could contribute to insulin resistance. The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and hexokinase II (HKII) genes are involved in metabolic processes that represent opposing facets of glucose homeostasis, namely gluconeogenesis and glucose utilization. The regulation of the PEPCK and HKII genes by insulin has been studied in great detail at the level of both transcription and signal transduction. Recent work on the insulin signaling pathways that lead to down-regulation of PEPCK gene expression and upregulation of HKII gene expression has shown that they both require activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) for the transmission of the insulin signal. However, the pathways diverge after PI3K and lead to activation of different downstream effectors. In this paper we review the results of studies on the transcriptional regulation of these genes by insulin and the signal transduction pathways that mediate these responses.
Developmental expression of rat transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA. (1985)

Expression of the gene encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) was examined in developing rat embryos by using a cloned TGF alpha cDNA as a hybridization probe. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from whole fetuses revealed that TGF alpha mRNA was present at relatively high levels in 8- through 10-day-old embryos and then declined to the low or undetectable level, which is characteristic of adult tissues before birth. The level of TGF alpha mRNA present during early gestation was similar to that present in retrovirus-transformed cells in culture, suggesting that TGF alpha expression is not highly localized in the embryo. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that TGF alpha plays a role in development, possibly as a fetal growth factor.
Hepatic glutamine transporter activation in burn injury: role of amino acids and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (2000)

Burn injury elicits a marked, sustained hypermetabolic state in patients characterized by accelerated hepatic amino acid metabolism and negative nitrogen balance. The transport of glutamine, a key substrate in gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, was examined in hepatocytes isolated from the livers of rats after a 20% total burn surface area full-thickness scald injury. A latent and profound two- to threefold increase in glutamine transporter system N activity was first observed after 48 h in hepatocytes from injured rats compared with controls, persisted for 9 days, and waned toward control values after 18 days, corresponding with convalescence. Further studies showed that the profound increase was fully attributable to rapid posttranslational transporter activation by amino acid-induced cell swelling and that this form of regulation may be elicited in part by glucagon. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY-294002 each significantly attenuated transporter stimulation by amino acids. The data suggest that PI3K-dependent system N activation by amino acids may play an important role in fueling accelerated hepatic nitrogen metabolism after burn injury.
Electron Diffraction Patterns of Fibrous and Lamellar Textured Polycrystalline Thin Films. I. Theory (1996)

The reciprocal lattices of fibrous and lamellar textured polycrystalline thin films are analyzed on the basis of the number of distinct angles made between planes of {hkl} families with the texture axis. Tables of the maximum possible number of such distinct angles between any given direction/plane and all faces of a given family of planes for all the crystal systems are included in this paper. Based on these reciprocal lattices, parallel and tilted electron-diffraction-pattern characteristics of the textured films are elucidated. A method of indexing the arced electron diffraction patterns of the textured films is proposed. This method can be applied to both the fibrous and lamellar texture films of all crystal structures. Formulas that relate the angles subtended by diffraction arcs to the distribution angle of the texture axis are presented.
Control of growth and squamous differentiation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells by chemical and biological modifiers and transferred genes. (1989)

The majority of human lung cancers arise from bronchial epithelial cells. The normal pseudostratified bronchial epithelium is composed of basal, mucous, and ciliated cells. This multi-differentiated epithelium usually responds to xenobiotics and physical injury by undergoing basal cell hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. One step of the multistage process of carcinogenesis is thought to involve aberrations in control of the squamous metaplastic processes. Decreased responsiveness to regulators of terminal squamous differentiation may confer a selective clonal expansion advantage to an initiated cell. We studied the effects of endogenous [e.g., transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and serum] and exogenous [e.g., 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol-acetate (TPA), tobacco smoke condensate, and aldehydes] modifiers of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell in a serum-free culture system. NHBE cells are growth inhibited by all of these compounds and induced to undergo squamous differentiation by TGF-beta 1 or TPA. In contrast, lung carcinoma cell lines are relatively resistant to inducers of terminal squamous differentiation which may provide them with a selective growth advantage. Chemical agents and activated protooncogenes (ras,raf,myc) altered the response to endogenous and exogenous inducers of squamous differentiation and caused extended cellular lifespan, aneuploidy, and/or tumorigenicity. The data suggest a close relationship between dysregulation of terminal differentiation pathways and neoplastic transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells.
A REVIEW OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN BREAST CANCER (1979)

A REVIEW OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN BREAST CANCER Get access JENNIFER L. KELSEY JENNIFER L. KELSEY 1Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1979, Pages 74–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036215 Published: 01 March 1979
C9ORF72 repeat expansions in mice cause TDP-43 pathology, neuronal loss, and behavioral deficits (2015)

The major genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a G4C2 repeat expansion in C9ORF72. Efforts to combat neurodegeneration associated with "c9FTD/ALS" are hindered by a lack of animal models recapitulating disease features. We developed a mouse model to mimic both neuropathological and clinical c9FTD/ALS phenotypes. We expressed (G4C2)66 throughout the murine central nervous system by means of somatic brain transgenesis mediated by adeno-associated virus. Brains of 6-month-old mice contained nuclear RNA foci, inclusions of poly(Gly-Pro), poly(Gly-Ala), and poly(Gly-Arg) dipeptide repeat proteins, as well as TDP-43 pathology. These mouse brains also exhibited cortical neuron and cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, astrogliosis, and decreased weight. (G4C2)66 mice also developed behavioral abnormalities similar to clinical symptoms of c9FTD/ALS patients, including hyperactivity, anxiety, antisocial behavior, and motor deficits.
KNOWBOT: An Adaptive Data Base Interface (1991)

A adaptive interface KNOWBOT® was designed to solve some of the problems that face the users of large centralized data bases. The interface applies the neural network approach to information retrieval from a data base. The data base is a subset of the Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System. The interface KNOWBOT preempts an existing data base interface and works in conjunction with it. By design, KNOWBOT starts as a tabula rasa but acquires knowledge through its interactions with the user and the data base. The interface uses its gained knowledge to personalize the data base retrieval process and to induce new queries. The interface also forgets the information that is no longer needed by the user. These self-organizing features of the interface reduce the scope of the data base to the subsets that are highly relevant to the user needs. A proof-of-principal version of this interface has been implemented in Common LISP on a Texas Instruments Explorer I workstation. Experiments with KNOWBOT have been successful in demonstrating the robustness of the model especially with induction and self-organization. This paper describes the design of KNOWBOT and presents some of the experimental results.
P2X4 receptors and neuropathic pain (2013)

Neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition, is a common consequence of damage to the nervous system. Neuropathic pain is often resistant to currently available analgesics. A growing body of evidence indicates that spinal microglia react and undergo a series of changes that directly influence the establishment of neuropathic pain states. After nerve injury, P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) are upregulated in spinal microglia by several factors at the transcriptional and translational levels. Those include the CC chemokine CCL21 derived from damaged neurons, the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in the spinal cord, and the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) expressed in microglia. P2X4R expression in microglia is also regulated at the post-translational level by signaling from other cell-surface receptors such as CC chemokine receptor (CCR2). Importantly, inhibiting the function or expression of P2X4Rs and P2X4R-regulating molecules suppresses the aberrant excitability of dorsal horn neurons and neuropathic pain. These findings indicate that P2X4R-positive microglia are a central player in mechanisms for neuropathic pain. Thus, microglial P2X4Rs are a potential target for treating the chronic pain state.
Loss of the Putative Catalytic Domain of HDAC4 Leads to Reduced Thermal Nociception and Seizures while Allowing Normal Bone Development (2009)

Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) has been associated with muscle & bone development [1]-[6]. N-terminal MEF2 and RUNX2 binding domains of HDAC4 have been shown to mediate these effects in vitro. A complete gene knockout has been reported to result in premature ossification and associated defects resulting in postnatal lethality [6]. We report a viral insertion mutation that deletes the putative deacetylase domain, while preserving the N-terminal portion of the protein. Western blot and immuno-precipitation analysis confirm expression of truncated HDAC4 containing N-terminal amino acids 1-747. These mutant mice are viable, living to at least one year of age with no gross defects in muscle or bone. At 2-4 months of age no behavioral or physiological abnormalities were detected except for an increased latency to respond to a thermal nociceptive stimulus. As the mutant mice aged past 5 months, convulsions appeared, often elicited by handling. Our findings confirm the sufficiency of the N-terminal domain for muscle and bone development, while revealing other roles of HDAC4.
Real-time monitoring of DNA polymerase reactions by a micro ISFET pH sensor (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReal-time monitoring of DNA polymerase reactions by a micro ISFET pH sensorToshinari. Sakurai and Yuzuru. HusimiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 17, 1996–1997Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00041a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00041a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1117Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Adsorption and Detection of Proteins, Including Ferritin, onto Microlens Array Patterned Bioarrays (2007)

Protein arrays continue to increase in importance as tools for analysis of biological samples. This paper describes a new method for preparing bioarrays that is compatible with high throughput manufacturing. First, a native oxide terminated silicon substrate is coated with a monolayer of a polyethylene-glycol-containing silane. The coated substrate is then placed beneath a microlens array (MA) and the array is irradiated with a brief (4 ns) pulse of 532 nm laser light. The MA focuses the laser light onto the substrate, causing monolayer removal. The microlenses in the array employed in this work are square packed and have a spacing of 100 μm, that is, there are 10000 microlenses/cm2 in the optic and therefore 10000 spots/cm2 on surfaces patterned with this array. The patterned substrate is then immersed in a dilute (10-5 M) solution of a protein. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that all of the proteins studied, including avidin, BSA, ferritin, lysozyme, myoglobin, protein A, and streptavidin, adsorb selectively into the spots in the array. The stability of these adsorbed proteins is shown. The retention of activity of avidin after adsorption is demonstrated. Protein localization on the arrays is demonstrated using a microfluidic spotter. Additionally, it is shown that this method can be used to confirm the location of the metal (iron) in ferritin. It should be possible to generalize this analytical method to other metals that are loaded into ferritin
α‐Amylases and approaches leading to their enhanced stability (1992)

The recent state of the knowledge of properties and structure of alpha-amylases is reviewed with the aim of elucidation the basis for their stabilization. Three principal ways for obtaining stable alpha-amylases (isolation of enzymes from extremophiles, production of extremophilic enzymes in mesophiles, and modification of mesophilic enzymes) are discussed separately. Detailed experimental examples are given for modification approaches.
In situ hydrogelation of photocurable gelatin and drug release (2001)

We devised an in situ tissue-adhesive, drug-release technology based on a photoreactive gelatin, which allows in situ drug-incorporated gel formation on living tissues and sustained drug release directly on diseased tissues. Styrene-derivatized gelatins, synthesized by condensation reaction of gelatin with 4-vinylbenzoic acid, were photopolymerized in the presence of a water-soluble camphorquinone derivative as a photoinitiator upon visible-light irradiation to form swollen gels. Using albumin as a drug model, gelation characteristics and drug-release characteristics easily were manipulated by material variables, formulation variables, and operation variables. Tissue adhesivity of the gel was superior to that of fibrin glue. The biologic response, which was evaluated by intraperitoneal implantation in rats, showed that the gel was biodegraded and biosorbed, without cytotoxicity, within a few months after implantation. An in situ processable tissue-adhesive local drug release system effectively may be used to help inhibit tumor recurrence.
Isolation, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator (1989)

Vampire bat saliva contains a plasminogen activator that presumably assists these hematophagous animals during feeding. Here, we report that the vampire bat salivary plasminogen activator, Bat-PA, is homologous to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) but contains neither a kringle 2 domain nor a plasmin-sensitive processing site. Three Bat-PA species corresponding to full-length, finger-, and finger- epidermal growth factor homology domain- forms of t-PA have been isolated. Bat-PA(H), the full-length form, was purified and its activity has been characterized. Bat-PA(H) and t-PA are of similar efficacy when monitored for their abilities to catalyze plasminogen activation in the presence of a fibrin cofactor. Interestingly, Bat-PA activity toward plasminogen is stimulated 45,000-fold in the presence of fibrin I; the corresponding value for t-PA is only 205-fold. Bat-PA(H) is the only Bat-PA species which binds tightly to fibrin, although each of the three species exhibit remarkable stimulation by a fibrin cofactor.
Occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in an aviation fuel handling system and its relationship with fuel fouling. (1998)

Clean, dry and contaminant-free fuel is necessary for safe and economical aircraft operation. Microbial growth in aviation fuel handling systems can alter the quality of the product. This paper reports the occurrence of heterotrophic bacteria and fungi in a handling system of jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel. A total of 350 samples were collected during 1990-1996. The aerobic microorganisms in fuel samples were mainly fungi, 85% of samples containing < or = 100 cfu/l (range 0 (< 1 cfu/l) to 2000 cfu/l). The predominant fungi were Cladosporium and Aspergillus. Water was observed mainly in samples extracted from the drainage pipes of two tanks used frequently as intermediate storage tanks. The aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms found in water samples were mostly bacteria, counts varying from 100 to 8.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml, with 85% of samples containing 10(4)-10(7) cfu/ml. There was a preponderance of Pseudomonas spp. Bacterial contaminants belonging to the genus Flavobacterium and Aeromonas were also identified. Sulphate reducing bacteria were detected in 80% of water samples. It was not possible to assign a maximum microbial contamination level above which maintenance is required and it is suggested that analysis of successive samples from the same site are necessary for this purpose. Microbial sludges produced in the laboratory and collected from a contaminated tank bottom were analysed chemically. The data are presented and discussed. Samples collected from the supply pipes of tanks and refueller trucks during the period surveyed always met the standard specifications.