gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral Vectors: History and Perspective (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Adenovirus Background Adenoviruses and the Immune System Molecular Understanding of the Genome and Viral Life Cycle Properties of Adenoviral Vectors that have Attracted Widespread Use Relatively Simple and Reliable Manufacturing Methods Evolution of Adenoviral Vectors Toxicity Profile of Adenoviral Vectors in Relation to Dose and Route of Delivery Potential for Systemic Delivery of Adenoviral Vectors Early Clinical Applications Current Use of Adenoviral Vectors Next Steps Conclusions References
Host and Pathogen Factors Controlling the Rice-Xanthomonas oryzae Interaction (2009)

Rice ( Oryza sativa ) cultivation represents a world laboratory for investigation into bacterial diseases of rice, in particular, and host-parasite interactions, in general, at the molecular, genetic, and genomic levels. The crop, in its various forms, has been under intense cultivation for more
A General, Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Alkylanilines (1994)

Reduction of selected 2,1-benzothiazines with sodium amalgam leads to the formation of 2-alkylanilines in high yield. Since the benzothiazines are ultimately derived from aniline, the process constitutes a general, regioselective functionalization of aniline not readily achieved by other means.
克尔凯郭尔:美学与“审美” (1992)

在克尔凯郭尔著作里,以两种迥然不同方式使用“审美的”(aesthetic)一词。一方面,它与美术意义上的“美学”有关系;另一方面,它又作为伦理学术语用来描述未能达到其伦理潜能的人生。在第二种意义上,克尔凯郭尔将其既应用于“失落的”个人,更普遍地应用于他所生活的时代。在这种情况下,他精心选择了一个具有非常特定内涵的词,而引人注意的是,那些专事“非真实性”和“欺骗”描写
7‐(β‐D‐Arabinofuranosyl)‐2, 4‐dichlor‐7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin – Synthese, selektiver Halogenaustausch und Einfluß glyconischer Schutzgruppen auf die Reaktivität des Aglycons (1984)

Abstract 2,4‐Dichlor‐7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidin ( 1a ) wurde mit der Arabinohalogenose 5 selektiv an N‐7 glycosyliert und das β‐Anomer 7a in 67% Ausbeute erhalten. Debenzylierung mit Bortrichlorid ergibt das 2,4‐Dichlornucleosid 2 , bei dem die Zuordnung der Glycosylierungsposition durch 13 C‐NMR‐Fernkopplung mit dem Anomerenproton erfolgte. Nucleophile Substituenten, womit sich 2 als gemeinsame Vorstufe für die Synthese von ara ‐7‐Desazapurin‐Nucleosiden anbietet. Im Gegensatz freien Nucleosid 2 ist die nucleophile Substitution an der benzylgeschützten Vorstufe 7a stark erschwert.
Digital seismic event recorders: Description and examples from the San Jacinto fault, the imperial fault, the Cerro Prieto fault, and the Oaxaca, Mexico subduction fault (1980)

abstract Digital seismic event recorders in use by the Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE) and by the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) are described. The field-recording systems consist of Kinemetrics 5-sec period seismometers and Geotech 1-sec period seismometers operating with Terra Technology digital event recorders, clock synchronizer, and field playback unit. The basic recorders (DCA-3009s) were modified to provide lower power consumption and greater amplification. The data handling facility consists of a laboratory playback unit which spools data directly into the PRIME computer at CICESE. The playback unit can also be interfaced with a PDP-11 minicomputer to produce data on magnetic tape in a form useful for analysis on the PRIME. The software available includes search and edit capabilities on the PDP-11, and search, edit, timing, and spectral analysis capabilities on the PRIME. Data are shown illustrating that, in the environments studied, very simple seismograms are observed for some events. This indicates that much of the complexity observed in other seismograms (for earthquakes in nearly the same location) is either due to the radiation pattern having a node for S waves in the direction of the station or due to complexity in the source. The quality of the data obtained from digital event recorders promises to yield important results concerning the nature of source complexity and the nature of rupture propagation and high-frequency radiation. These results will, in time, be valuable for understanding and modeling earthquake strong motion.
GPR characterization of buried tanks and pipes (1997)

Abstract Ray-based numerical simulations of monostatic and bistatic GPR responses for several tank and pipe configurations reveal the potential for noninvasive diagnostic evaluations. Examples include discrimination of the material from which a tank is constructed, its size, contents, fluid levels, and shape changes. Ambiguities occur when different configurations give similar responses, and evaluations become less reliable as noise increases. Simulations are able to reproduce the salient features of field GPR data recorded over a metal pipe, and over plastic pipes filled with air, fresh water, and salt water.
Pesticide exposure in honey bees results in increased levels of the gut pathogen Nosema (2012)

Global pollinator declines have been attributed to habitat destruction, pesticide use, and climate change or some combination of these factors, and managed honey bees, Apis mellifera, are part of worldwide pollinator declines. Here we exposed honey bee colonies during three brood generations to sub-lethal doses of a widely used pesticide, imidacloprid, and then subsequently challenged newly emerged bees with the gut parasite, Nosema spp. The pesticide dosages used were below levels demonstrated to cause effects on longevity or foraging in adult honey bees. Nosema infections increased significantly in the bees from pesticide-treated hives when compared to bees from control hives demonstrating an indirect effect of pesticides on pathogen growth in honey bees. We clearly demonstrate an increase in pathogen growth within individual bees reared in colonies exposed to one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide, imidacloprid, at below levels considered harmful to bees. The finding that individual bees with undetectable levels of the target pesticide, after being reared in a sub-lethal pesticide environment within the colony, had higher Nosema is significant. Interactions between pesticides and pathogens could be a major contributor to increased mortality of honey bee colonies, including colony collapse disorder, and other pollinator declines worldwide.
Interferometric ellipsometry (1973)

A new opto-electronic system for ellipsometry, based on laser interferometric principles and capable of giving the relevant information at a high rate (down to 30 ms per Delta , psi pair), is described. The method requires no compensator and may become increasingly important as tunable lasers and wide-range transmitting polarizers become available. Its possible application, in the future, as a sensitive and powerful infrared spectroscopic technique based on phase information is mentioned.
Laser-driven photonic-bandgap fiber optic gyroscope with negligible Kerr-induced drift (2009)

We predict theoretically and confirm experimentally that the Kerr-induced phase drift of a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) operated with a laser instead of a broadband source is virtually eliminated when the sensing coil is made of an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber. This is the first demonstration of a laser-driven FOG with a Kerr-induced drift low enough to meet the inertial navigation requirement for a 10-h transcontinental flight.
Graph Attention Convolution for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Standard convolution is inherently limited for semantic segmentation of point cloud due to its isotropy about features. It neglects the structure of an object, results in poor object delineation and small spurious regions in the segmentation result. This paper proposes a novel graph attention convolution (GAC), whose kernels can be dynamically carved into specific shapes to adapt to the structure of an object. Specifically, by assigning proper attentional weights to different neighboring points, GAC is designed to selectively focus on the most relevant part of them according to their dynamically learned features. The shape of the convolution kernel is then determined by the learned distribution of the attentional weights. Though simple, GAC can capture the structured features of point clouds for fine-grained segmentation and avoid feature contamination between objects. Theoretically, we provided a thorough analysis on the expressive capabilities of GAC to show how it can learn about the features of point clouds. Empirically, we evaluated the proposed GAC on challenging indoor and outdoor datasets and achieved the state-of-the-art results in both scenarios.
Anatomical Distribution of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide and Its Receptor Suggests Additional Functions in the Central Nervous System and Periphery (1999)

A recently identified neuropeptide with PRL-releasing capabilities binds to and activates a previously known orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR10. We initiated a study to define the pharmacology of the peptide/receptor interaction and to identify the distribution of the peptide and its receptor in the central nervous system to elucidate sites of action of the peptide. The PRL-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a C-terminally amidated, 31-amino acid peptide derived from a 98-amino acid precursor. Radioiodinated PrRP-(1-31) binds to its receptor with high affinity (1 nM) and stimulates calcium mobilization in CHOK1 cells stably transfected with the receptor. A series of N-terminal deletions reveals that the PrRP-(12-31) amino acid is equipotent to PrRP-(1-31). Further N-terminal deletions reduce the affinity of the ligand considerably, although PrRP-(25-31) is still able to compete for binding and behaves as an agonist. The arginine residues at position 26 and 30 are critical for binding, as substitution with either lysine or citrulline reduces the affinity substantially. In situ hybridization reveals a distinct tissue distribution for both the peptide and receptor messenger RNAs. The receptor is expressed abundantly in the reticular thalamic nucleus, periventricular hypothalamus, dorsomedial hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema, anterior pituitary, and adrenal medulla. The peptide messenger RNA is expressed in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, nucleus of the solitary tract, ventrolateral reticular nucleus, and intestine. This tissue distribution suggests an alternative function of PrRP than its purported hypophysiotropic function, such as a potential role for PrRP in the central feedback control of neuroendocrine and autonomic homeostasis. Further work using selective agonists and antagonists should help define additional physiological roles of this novel mammalian neuropeptide.
Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1993)

Since time-of-flight mass spectrometers were first introduced, there has been the need to improve mass resolution, which depends largely upon the initial conditions of the ions at the time they are formed. For larger ions, metastable fragmentation presents an even more serious challenge, although such processes may be utilized to obtain product ion mass spectra in instruments equipped with a reflecting field. Initial conditions and internal energy are all determined during the ionization process, so that ion extraction, focusing, detection, recording and other aspects of time-of-flight analyzer design must be suited to the ionization method used. Thus, this chapter presents the basic principles governing time-of-flight mass measurement and resolution, describes the role of reflectrons and other energy focusing devices, and reviews several unique time-of-flight configurations that have been, or are currently being, used.
Use of pyrosequencing and DNA barcodes to monitor variations in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes communities in the gut microbiota of obese humans (2008)

Using DNA barcodes of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes 16S rRNA genes combined with pyrosequencing is a cost-effective method for monitoring relevant changes in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes bacterial communities in microbial ecosystems.
DNA binding and dimerization specificity and potential targets for the TCP protein family (2002)

The TCP domain is a plant-specific DNA binding domain found in proteins from a diverse array of species, including the cycloidea (cyc) and teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene products and the PCF1 and PCF2 proteins. To understand the role in transcriptional regulation of proteins with this domain, we have analysed the DNA binding and dimerization specificity of the TCP protein family using rice PCF proteins, and further evaluated potential targets for the TCP protein. The seven PCF members including five newly isolated proteins, were able to be grouped into two classes, I and II, based on sequence similarity in the TCP domain. Random binding site selection experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed the consensus DNA binding sequences of these two classes to be distinct but overlapping; GGNCCCAC for class I and GTGGNCCC for class II. The TB1 protein from maize, which belongs to class II, had the same specificity as the rice class II proteins, suggesting the conservation of binding specificity between TCP domains from different species. The yeast 2-hybrid assay and EMSA revealed that these proteins tend to form a homodimer or a heterodimer between members of the same class. We searched predicted 5' flanking sequences of Arabidopsis genes for the consensus binding sequences and found that the consensus sites are distributed in the genome at a considerably lower frequency. We further analysed eight promoters containing the class I consensus TCP sites. The transcriptional activities of six promoters were decreased by a mutation of the TCP binding site, which is consistent with the observation that the class I TCP site can confer transactivation function on a heterologous promoter. These results suggest that the two classes of TCP protein are distinct in DNA binding specificity and transcriptional regulation.
Molecular Cloning of hMena (ENAH) and Its Splice Variant hMena+11a: Epidermal Growth Factor Increases Their Expression and Stimulates hMena+11a Phosphorylation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2007)

hMena (ENAH), an actin regulatory protein involved in the control of cell motility and adhesion, is modulated during human breast carcinogenesis. In fact, whereas undetectable in normal mammary epithelium, hMena becomes overexpressed in high-risk benign lesions and primary and metastatic tumors. In vivo, hMena overexpression correlates with the HER-2(+)/ER(-)/Ki67(+) unfavorable prognostic phenotype. In vitro, neuregulin-1 up-regulates whereas Herceptin treatment down-modulates hMena expression, suggesting that it may couple tyrosine kinase receptor signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Herein, we report the cloning of hMena and of a splice variant, hMena(+11a), which contains an additional exon corresponding to 21 amino acids located in the EVH2 domain, from a breast carcinoma cell line of epithelial phenotype. Whereas hMena overexpression consistently characterizes the transformed phenotype of tumor cells of different lineages, hMena(+11a) isoform is concomitantly present only in epithelial tumor cell lines. In breast cancer cell lines, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment promotes concomitant up-regulation of hMena and hMena(+11a), resulting in an increase of the fraction of phosphorylated hMena(+11a) isoform only. hMena(+11a) overexpression and phosphorylation leads to increased p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and cell proliferation as evidenced in hMena(+11a)-transfected breast cancer cell lines. On the contrary, hMena knockdown induces reduction of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and of the proliferative response to EGF. The present data provide new insight into the relevance of actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins and, in particular, of hMena isoforms in coupling multiple signaling pathways involved in breast cancer.
Adenovirus-dependent release of 51Cr from KB cells at an acidic pH. (1984)

When KB cells labeled with 51Cr (1 muCi/ml) were treated with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) at pH 6, 51Cr was released in a concentration-dependent manner with half-maximal release at 1 microgram/ml of virus. The 51Cr release was maximum at 10 micrograms/ml and represented nearly 20% of cell-associated 51Cr. 51Cr release depended on the length of incubation with Ad2 and the pH of the medium; maximum release was at pH 6 with very little release at pH 7.5. An antiserum against the penton base of Ad2 specifically neutralized the ability of Ad2 to release 51Cr. Chloroquine up to 200 microM did not block Ad2-dependent 51Cr release. DEAE-dextran stimulated Ad2-dependent 51Cr release; 4-5-fold stimulation was observed at 50 micrograms/ml of DEAE-dextran. We have compared the ability of Ad2 to release 51Cr with its ability to disrupt endocytic vesicles. Vesicle disruption was independent of pH of the medium in the range of pH 6 to 7.5 and was blocked by chloroquine, whereas, 51Cr release was much greater at pH 6 than at pH 7.5 and was not affected by chloroquine. These results suggest that Ad2 possess a lytic activity which ordinarily lyses acidic endocytic vesicles but, if the cells are maintained at acidic pH, can also directly disrupt the plasma membrane.
Granulocyte Apoptosis and Its Role in the Resolution and Control of Lung Inflammation (1999)

Elucidation of the poorly understood mechanisms by which acute inflammation normally resolves is likely to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of persistent inflammatory states that characterize inflammatory disease and generate new therapeutic targets. We have concentrated on the mechanisms by which granulocytes and their histotoxic contents are cleared from inflamed sites during resolution. Although it had been assumed that extravasated neutrophils disintegrated (undergo necrosis) in situ, we have demonstrated an alternative fate, whereby the cell undergoes apoptosis, a process that has different implications for the control of inflammation. During apoptosis the neutrophil retains its granule contents and loses the ability to secrete them in response to secretagogues. In contrast to necrotic neutrophils, apoptotic neutrophils are ingested by inflammatory macrophages employing novel phagocytic recognition mechanisms that fail to provoke a macrophage proinflammatory response. These recognition mechanisms can be modulated by a number of environmental factors and may represent a pivotal point in the control of inflammation, since if apoptotic granulocytes are not rapidly cleared they undergo secondary necrosis with all the detrimental consequences entailed. The apoptotic clearance pathway is also available to eosinophil granulocytes, but our work suggests that the internal controls may be different from those in neutrophils. For example, corticosteroids delay neutrophil apoptosis but greatly accelerate eosinophil apoptosis, in what may represent a previously unsuspected beneficial mechanism of steroid action in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. Furthermore, such differences may lead to novel therapies based on the specific induction of eosinophil apoptosis. Haslett C. Granulocyte apoptosis and its role in the resolution and control of lung inflammation.
Dynamic Pattern Formation in a Vesicle-Generating Microfluidic Device (2001)

Spatiotemporal pattern formation occurs in a variety of nonequilibrium physical and chemical systems. Here we show that a microfluidic device designed to produce reverse micelles can generate complex, ordered patterns as it is continuously operated far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Flow in a microfluidic system is usually simple-viscous effects dominate and the low Reynolds number leads to laminar flow. Self-assembly of the vesicles into patterns depends on channel geometry and relative fluid pressures, enabling the production of motifs ranging from monodisperse droplets to helices and ribbons.
Ring−Chain Equilibrium in Reversibly Associated Polymer Solutions:  Monte Carlo Simulations (2004)

Living polymers formed by reversible association of spacers (oligomers) terminated by one donor and one acceptor group at the ends are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations (using the bond-fluctuation model). To account for the different chemical nature of the associating groups and spacers, we considered three cases of flexible, semiflexible, and rigid polymers. Rigid polymers have both intrinsic rigidity of spacers and rigidity (entropic penalty) imparted by end groups association. Semiflexible polymers possess only the latter, and flexible polymers do not have any type of rigidity. We have studied the average degree of association for all types of polymers as a function of concentration and spacer length and compared the results with a simple analytical model. We found that above some crossover concentration the association behaviors of all chains follow the same pattern, well-described by the analytical model and depending mainly on the number density of donor/acceptor groups. Below the crossover concentration, the association is governed by the individual characteristics of spacers and differs for chains of different rigidity and chain length. Defined in this way the crossover concentration, ccr, is a measure of the ring-to-chain transition: below ccr ring formation is most favorable, while above ccr linear chain formation dominates. We found that the rigidity (entropic penalty) imparted by end group association defines the behavior above the ccr: the total degree of association of semiflexible chains is much smaller than that for flexible chains of the same concentration and practically coincides with that for rigid chains (despite different spacer rigidity). The crossover concentration, ccr, is a function of spacer length and strongly differs for chains of different rigidity: ≪ < . The rigidity of the spacer has a much stronger impact on ccr compared to the end group rigidity imparted by association.
ILLNESS AND MICROBIAL EXPERIENCES OF NURSERY CHILDREN AT JUNIOR VILLAGE1 (1961)

Journal Article ILLNESS AND MICROBIAL EXPERIENCES OF NURSERY CHILDREN AT JUNIOR VILLAGE Get access JOSEPH A. BELL, JOSEPH A. BELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J. HUEBNER, ROBERT J. HUEBNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LEON ROSEN, LEON ROSEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WALLACE P. ROWE, WALLACE P. ROWE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROGER M. COLE, ROGER M. COLE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRANCIS M. MASTROTA, FRANCIS M. MASTROTA 2Formerly with the National Institutes of Health, now in private practice Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar THOMAS M. FLOYD, THOMAS M. FLOYD 3From the National Naval Medical CenterBethesda 14, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT M. CHANOCK, ROBERT M. CHANOCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RUTH A. SHVEDOFF RUTH A. SHVEDOFF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 74, Issue 3, November 1961, Pages 267–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120219 Published: 01 November 1961 Article history Received: 21 June 1961 Published: 01 November 1961