gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evoked Potentials in Hyperkinetic and Normal Children Under Certainty and Uncertainty: A Placebo and Methylphenidate Study (1976)

ABSTRACT Differences between hyperkinetic children and normal children and the effects of methylphenidate on hyperkinetic children were investigated under conditions of differential attentional demands. Auditory average evoked potentials were recorded from vertex using a single/double click guessing paradigm under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Under conditions of certainty (low attention), in which the subject was told the identity of each stimulus in advance, few significant group differences were found. Under conditions of uncertainty (high attention), in which the subject was asked to guess which stimulus would be presented, large group differences were found. In response to the second click the P 200 component was found to be smaller and the N 250 component was larger in hyperkinetic children than in normal children. Treatment with methylphenidate “normalized” the evoked potentials of the hyperkinetic children making them more like those of normal children. The findings are believed: 1) to reflect the deficit in attention observed behaviorally in hyperkinetic children, 2) to support a model of hypoarousal in hyperkinetic children, and 3) to reflect the behavioral “normalization” observed in hyperkinetic children treated with melhylphenidate.
Terpenoid biosynthesis from 1-deoxy- d -xylulose in higher plants by intramolecular skeletal rearrangement (1997)

The incorporation of [1-13C]- and [2,3,4,5-13C4]1-deoxy-D-xylulose into beta-carotene, lutein, phytol, and sitosterol in a cell culture of Catharanthus roseus was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The labeling patterns of the isoprene precursors, isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, were obtained from the terpenes by a retrobiosynthetic approach. 13C Enrichment and 13C13C coupling patterns showed conclusively that 1-deoxy-D-xylulose and not mevalonate is the predominant isoprenoid precursor of phytol, beta-carotene, and lutein. Label from 1-deoxyxylulose was also diverted to phytosterols to a minor extent (6% relative to carotene and phytol formation). The data demonstrate that the formation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate from pentulose occurs strictly by an intramolecular rearrangement process.
Embedded DRAM technology compatible to the 0.13 μm high-speed logics by using Ru pillars in cell capacitors and peripheral vias (2002)

High-aspect-ratio Ru pillar technology is developed for 0.15 /spl mu/m embedded DRAMs; the cell size is 0.21/spl mu/m/sup 2/. The paper shows the schematic structure of the cell array and the peripheral transistors. The Ru pillars improve the cell performances and logic delay time of the previously proposed pillar DRAM structures. The typical Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//Ru capacitor shows the equivalent oxide thickness toxeq of 1.1nm and the leakage current of 1nA/cm/sup 2/ at /spl plusmn/O.5V. The Ru pillar is fabricated by etching the sputtered Ru on the CVD-Ru plug. The gate delay of the logic with this embedded DRAM results in smaller than 20% increase of the 0.13 /spl mu/m pure logic without DRAMs. The increase in the contact resistance between Ru and silicon during the 600/spl deg/C annealing to make cell capacitors is effectively suppressed by a barrier metal structure of TiN/Ru.
Beta-actin--an unsuitable internal control for RT-PCR. (2001)

Despite reports confirming cell-cycle dependent gene expression and a number of studies describing specific circumstances in which beta-actin is also regulated, the mRNA for beta-actin remains a widely used housekeeping gene internal control. Utilizing differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we report here the dose-dependent inhibition of beta-actin by matrigel. This was detected by comparison to the very moderate inhibition of the target gene, membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), with results independently confirmed by similar findings on MT1-MMP expression using competitive RT-PCR. Furthermore, RT-PCR of the housekeeping gene 18 Svedberg Units (S) rRNA demonstrated excellent consistency, reproducibility and non-regulation by a matrigel treatment. We conclude that beta-actin is highly regulated by matrigel and therefore unsuitable as an internal control in this treatment. Hence, these findings suggest that researchers have a responsibility to ensure that the housekeeping gene of choice is not regulated in their specific application, as such regulation may dramatically affect the accuracy of their results. This study reinforces the necessity for minimally regulated housekeeping genes such as 18S rRNA, and the superiority of competitive templates as internal controls for quantitative applications of RT-PCR.
Poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) for Reactive Ion Etch Barrier Applications (2001)

The behavior of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) (PFS) under reactive ion etching conditions was investigated. Due to the presence of iron and silicon in the main chain, the polymer was found to be relatively stable toward oxygen plasma etching compared to common organic polymers. Depending on the conditions employed, the etching rate ratio for poly(isoprene) vs poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) ranged from 20:1 to 50:1. During etching, a thin iron- and silicon-containing oxide layer was formed at the surface of the organometallic polymer. The oxide layer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) using depth profiling. Iron was found to be more resistant toward removal by oxygen plasma compared to silicon. Iron in the polymer also makes it resistive to CF4/O2 etching. A regular pattern consisting of parallel lines of PFS on a solid substrate was obtained by micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) (a microcontact printing technique), which could be transferred into the underlying substrate. Under the conditions employed, silicon and silicon nitride substrates were etched at approximately 20 nm/min, whereas no thickness decrease was observed for the poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) film, even after etching times exceeding 10 min.
Identification of Soluble NH2-Terminal Fragment of Glypican-3 as a Serological Marker for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2004)

For detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis, serum alpha-fetoprotein has been widely used, but its sensitivity has not been satisfactory, especially in small, well-differentiated HCC, and complementary serum marker has been clinically required. Glypican-3 (GPC3), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan anchored to the plasma membrane, is a good candidate marker of HCC because it is an oncofetal protein overexpressed in HCC at both the mRNA and protein levels. In this study, we demonstrated that its NH(2)-terminal portion [soluble GPC3 (sGPC3)] is cleaved between Arg(358) and Ser(359) of GPC3 and that sGPC3 can be specifically detected in the sera of patients with HCC. Serum levels of sGPC3 were 4.84 +/- 8.91 ng/ml in HCC, significantly higher than the levels seen in liver cirrhosis (1.09 +/- 0.74 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and healthy controls (0.65 +/- 0.32 ng/ml; P < 0.001). In well- or moderately-differentiated HCC, sGPC3 was superior to alpha-fetoprotein in sensitivity, and a combination measurement of both markers improved overall sensitivity from 50% to 72%. These results indicate that sGPC3 is a novel serological marker essential for the early detection of HCC.
Calcium regulates processing of the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor in a protein kinase C-independent manner. (1994)

Various first messengers linked to phospholipase C, including acetylcholine and interleukin 1, regulate the production both of the secreted form of the amyloid protein precursor (APP) and of amyloid beta-protein. We have now identified intracellular signals which are responsible for mediating these effects. We show that activation of phospholipase C may affect APP processing by either of two pathways, one involving an increase in protein kinase C and the other an increase in cytoplasmic calcium levels. The effects of calcium on APP processing appear to be independent of protein kinase C activation. The observed effects of calcium on APP processing may be of therapeutic utility.
Gene expression in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. (1990)

Abscisic acid (ABA) was discovered in the 1950s to be a phytohormone affecting leaf abscision and bud dormancy. It was soon characterized as a sesquiterpene derived from mevalonate although certain steps of its biosynthesis in plants are still unknown (Li and Walton, 1987; Zeevaart and Creelman, 1988). Continuing work on ABA has shown that it mediates various developmental and physiological processes that affect the agronomic performance of crop plants (Austin et al., 1982; Ramagopal, 1987). These proc? esses include embryo maturation and germination as well as the response of vegetative tissues to osmotic stress (Singh et al., 1987; Zeevaart and Creelman, 1988). ABA levels increase in tissues subjected to osmotic stress by desiccation, salt, or cold (Henson, 1984; Mohapatra et al., 1988). Under these conditions, specific genes are ex? pressed that can also be induced in unstressed tissues by the application of exogenous ABA (Singh et al., 1987; Gomez et al., 1988; Mundy and Chua, 1988). Some of these genes are also expressed during the normal embryogenic program when seeds desiccate and embryos be? come dormant (Dure et al., 1981). Although different sets of ABA-responsive genes exhibit different patterns of de? velopmental and tissue-specific expression, some of them appear to be part of a general reaction to osmotic stress. This system is a normal part of the embryogenic program but is inducible in vegetative tissues at other times in the plant life cycle. Several ABA-responsive genes have now been isolated (Baker et al., 1988; Gomez et al., 1988; Marcotte et al., 1988; Mundy and Chua, 1988; Vilardell et al., 1990; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki et al., 1990). A major goal of the research discussed below is to understand the role these genes play in osmotic stress and desiccation tolerance.
Suppression of human melanoma tumor growth in SCID mice by a human high molecular weight‐melanoma associated antigen (HMW‐MAA) specific monoclonal antibody (2004)

The lack of efficacy of available therapies for the treatment of malignant melanoma has emphasized the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies to prevent melanoma growth. We have tested whether the anti-HMW-MAA mAb 225.28S is able to inhibit human melanoma tumor growth in SCID mice because in vitro data suggested that this antigen plays a role in spreading, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Tumors were established by subcutaneous injection of the human melanoma cell line 518A2 into SCID mice. When tumors reached a size of 5 mm, the mAb 225.28S was administered intravenously 4 times in 3 day intervals at 100 microg/injection. Within 14 days after the first administration of the mAb 225.28S, tumor growth was reduced by 52% as compared to control mice. Three hundred and seven genes of >20,000 genes contained on the GeneChip were changed in their expression level at least 2-fold after administration of the mAb 225.28S. The encoded proteins were mostly components or modifiers of the extracellular matrix, tumor suppressors, and melanogenesis associated proteins. Surprisingly, the administration of the control mAb that did not lead to a significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo resulted in the modulation of two-thirds of these genes. This is the first report of suppression of human melanoma tumor growth in SCID mice by the mAb 225.28S. Our results suggest that anti-HMW-MAA mAbs may represent useful reagents to apply passive immunotherapy to patients with malignant melanoma.
Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration (2005)

Influential theoretical models propose a central role for afferent information from the body in the expression of emotional feeling states. Feedback representations of changing states of bodily arousal influence learning and facilitate concurrent and prospective decision-making. Functional neuroimaging studies have increased understanding of brain mechanisms that generate changes in autonomic arousal during behavior and those which respond to internal feedback signals to influence subjective feeling states. In particular, anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in generating autonomic changes, while insula and orbitofrontal cortices may be specialized in mapping visceral responses. Independently, ventromedial prefrontal cortex is recognized to support processes of internal (self-) reference that predominate in states of rest and disengagement and which putatively serve as a benchmark for dynamic interactions with the environment. Lesion data further highlight the integrated role of these cortical regions in autonomic and motivational control. In computational models of control, forward (efference copies) and inverse models are proposed to enable prediction and correction of action and, by extension, the interpretation of the behavior of others. It is hypothesized that the neural substrate for these processes during motivational and affective behavior lies within the interactions of anterior cingulate, insula, and orbitofrontal cortices. Generation of visceral autonomic correlates of control reinforce experiential engagement in simulatory models and underpin concepts such as somatic markers to bridge the dualistic divide.
Review The inflammatory process of gout and its treatment (2006)

Gouty arthritis is a characteristically intense acute inflammatory reaction that erupts in response to articular deposits of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Important recent molecular biologic advances in this field have given us a clear picture of the mechanistic basis of gouty inflammation. The innate immune inflammatory response is critically involved in the pathology of gout. Specifically, MSU crystals promote inflammation directly by stimulating cells via Toll-like receptor signaling and by providing a surface for cleavage of C5 and formation of complement membrane attack complex (C5b-9), culminating in secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators with a dramatic influx of neutrophils into the joint. Despite the detailed mechanistic picture for gouty inflammation, there are no placebo-controlled, randomized clinical studies for any of the therapies commonly used, although
CAI Is a Potent Inhibitor of Neovascularization and Imparts Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Retinopathy (2004)

CAI almost completely abolished retinal neovascularization in group A, and neovascular fronds involuted after treatment with CAI in group B. Thus, CAI is a potent inhibitor of ischemia-induced neovascularization and also imparts retinal neuroprotection after ischemic injury.
A self-calibrating, multichannel streak camera for inertial confinement fusion applications (2002)

Self-calibrating, multichannel UV streak cameras have been designed, and six units have been deployed on the OMEGA laser system. These instruments acquire 12 channels simultaneously on a low-noise, charge-coupled-device camera in single-shot operation. The instruments can discern temporal features out to a bandwidth of 11 GHz, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio in each channel is 200:1. The unique feature of this system is the self-calibration ability built into it. The geometric distortions, flat field, and sweep speed of each channel can be measured and adjusted on a routine basis. By maintaining a strick regime of weekly calibrations, accurate power-balance measurements on the OMEGA laser can be obtained. These cameras represent a cost-effective solution for power balancing the OMEGA laser system.
Physiologically Relevant Metal Cofactor for Methionine Aminopeptidase-2 Is Manganese (2003)

The identity of the physiological metal cofactor for human methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2) has not been established. To examine this question, we first investigated the effect of eight divalent metal ions, including Ca(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+), on recombinant human methionine aminopeptidase apoenzymes in releasing N-terminal methionine from three peptide substrates: MAS, MGAQFSKT, and (3)H-MASK(biotin)G. The activity of MetAP2 on either MAS or MGAQFSKT was enhanced 15-25-fold by Co(2+) or Mn(2+) metal ions in a broad concentration range (1-1000 microM). In the presence of reduced glutathione to mimic the cellular environment, Co(2+) and Mn(2+) were also the best stimulators (approximately 30-fold) for MetAP2 enzyme activity. To determine which metal ion is physiologically relevant, we then tested inhibition of intracellular MetAP2 with synthetic inhibitors selective for MetAP2 with different metal cofactors. A-310840 below 10 microM did not inhibit the activity of MetAP2-Mn(2+) but was very potent against MetAP2 with other metal ions including Co(2+), Fe(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+) in the in vitro enzyme assays. In contrast, A-311263 inhibited MetAP2 with Mn(2+), as well as Co(2+), Fe(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+). In cell culture assays, A-310840 did not inhibit intracellular MetAP2 enzyme activity and did not inhibit cell proliferation despite its ability to permeate and accumulate in cytosol, while A-311263 inhibited both intracellular MetAP2 and proliferation in a similar concentration range, indicating cellular MetAP2 is functioning as a manganese enzyme but not as a cobalt, zinc, iron, or nickel enzyme. We conclude that MetAP2 is a manganese enzyme and that therapeutic MetAP2 inhibitors should inhibit MetAP2-Mn(2+).
Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites (1996)

Coccidiosis, an intestinal infection caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to several different species of Eimeria, seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of livestock and poultry. Host immune responses to coccidial infection are complex. Animals infected with Eimeria spp. produce parasite-specific antibodies in both the circulation and mucosal secretions. However, it appears that antibody-mediated responses play a minor role in protection against coccidiosis. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in resistance to infection. T lymphocytes appear to respond to coccidial infection through both cytokine production and a direct cytotoxic attack on infected cells. The exact mechanisms by which T cells eliminate the parasites, however, remain unclear. Although limited information is available on the intestinal immune system of chickens, gut lymphoid tissues have evolved specialized features that reflect their role as the first line of defense at mucosal surfaces, including both immunoregulatory cells and effector cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of the avian intestinal immune system and mucosal immune responses to Eimeria spp., providing an overview of the complex cellular and molecular events involved in intestinal immune responses to enteric pathogens.
A Query Language for Information Graphs (1993)

In this paper we propose a database model and query language for information retrieval systems. The information graph model and Graph Object Access Language (GOAL) allow integrated handling of data, information and knowledge along with a variety of specialized objects (e.g., for geographic or multimedia information systems). There is flexible support for hyperbases, thesauri, lexicons, and both relational and object-oriented types of DBMS applications. In this paper we give the first published account of our new, powerful model and language (GOAL), illustrate their use, and compare them with related work.
Isothermal Measurements and Thermal Desorption of Organic Vapors Using SAW Devices (1987)

Donnees sur les mesures des isothermes d'adsorption-desorption et des spectres de thermodesorption d'une serie de vapeurs de composes organiques a l'aide d'un dispositif a ondes acoustiques de surface (SAW)
Interictal high‐frequency oscillations (80–500Hz) in the human epileptic brain: Entorhinal cortex (2002)

Unique high-frequency oscillations of 250 to 500 Hz, termed fast ripples, have been identified in seizure-generating limbic areas in rats made epileptic by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid, and in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. In the rat, fast ripples clearly are generated by a different neuronal population than normally occurring endogenous ripple oscillations (100-200 Hz), but this distinction has not been previously evaluated in humans. The characteristics of oscillations in the ripple and fast ripple frequency bands were compared in the entorhinal cortex of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy using local field potential and unit recordings from chronically implanted bundles of eight microelectrodes with tips spaced 500 microm apart. The results showed that ripple oscillations possessed different voltage versus depth profiles compared with fast ripple oscillations. Fast ripple oscillations usually demonstrated a reversal of polarity in the middle layers of entorhinal cortex, whereas ripple oscillations rarely showed reversals across entorhinal cortex layers. There was no significant difference in the amplitude distributions of ripple and fast ripple oscillations. Furthermore, multiunit synchronization was significantly increased during fast ripple oscillations compared with ripple oscillations (p < 0.001). These data recorded from the mesial temporal lobe of epileptic patients suggest that the cellular networks underlying fast ripple generation are more localized than those involved in the generation of normally occurring ripple oscillations. Results from this study are consistent with previous studies in the intrahippocampal kainic acid rat model of chronic epilepsy that provide evidence supporting the view that fast ripples in the human brain reflect localized pathological events related to epileptogenesis.
Mutational and expressional analyses of SPOP, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in prostate, gastric and colorectal cancers (2012)

Mounting evidence exists that alterations of ubiquitination processes are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a key adaptor for Cul3-based ubiquitination process. Recent studies reported that SPOP may be a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) and somatic mutation of SPOP was detected in prostate cancer (PCA). The aim of this study was to see whether alterations of SPOP protein expression and somatic mutation of SPOP gene are features of cancers. In this study, we analyzed SPOP somatic mutation in 45 gastric (GC), 45 colorectal cancer (CRC) and 45 PCA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Also, we analyzed SPOP protein expression in 60 GC, 60 CRC and 60 PCA by immunohistochemistry. Overall, we detected three somatic missense mutations of SPOP gene in the coding sequences (p.Ser14Leu, p.Tyr87Cys and p.Phe133Leu). The mutations were observed in two PCA and one CRC. Of note, the p.Phe133Leu was a recurrent mutation reported in an earlier study. In the immunohistochemistry, SPOP protein was expressed in normal gastric, colonic and prostate epithelial cells, whereas it was lost in 30% of GC, 20% of CRC and 37% of PCA. Our data indicate that loss of SPOP expression was common in GC, CRC and PCA, but somatic mutation of SPOP in this study was rare in these tumors. Also, the data provide a possibility that loss of expression of SPOP gene might play a role in cancer pathogenesis by altering TSG functions of SPOP.