gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding Speech Recognition to a Natural Language Interface (1993)

This paper discusses the consequences and implications of this addition, and presents some of the lessons learned in adapting an existing natural language interface to accept spoken input. 1 I. Introduction InterFIS is a natural language interface to the troubleshooting module of the Fault Isolation Shell (FIS), an expert system development tool for the diagnosis of failures in analog electronics equipment (Pipitone et al., 1988). The original interface to FIS used only standard keyboard input, where the appropriate abbreviations for all commands were displayed on the screen in a large list grouped by function (Pipitone et al., 1989). InterFIS is a natural language understanding interface that accepts typed English commands as input (Perzanowski and Potter, 1991). Syntactic analysis is performed by the PROTEUS chart parser (Grishman, 1986), producing an applicationindependent syntactic representation of the input sentence. This intermediate representation is the
Temperature-independent strain sensor using a chirped Bragg grating partially embedded in a glass tube (2003)

We propose a temperature-independent intensity-based strain sensor which uses a chirped grating as a sensor head. The longer wavelength part of the grating is fixed to a glass tube, and hence, the reflected power from grating decreases linearly with strain and is independent of temperature perturbation.
Slot Line on a Dielectric Substrate (1969)

Slot line consists of a narrow gap in a conductive coating on one side of a dielectric substrate, the other side of the substrate being bare. If the substrate's permittivity is sufficiently high, such as /spl epsiv//sub r/ = 10 to 30, the slot-mode wavelength will be much smaller than free-space wavelength, and the fields will be closely confined near the slot. Possible applications of slot line to filters, couplers, ferrite devices, and circuits containing semiconductor elements are discussed. Slot line can be used either alone or with microstrip line on the opposite side of the substrate. A "second-order" analysis yields formulas for slot-line wavelength, phase velocity, group velocity, characteristic impedance, and effect of adjacent electric and magnetic walls.
Real-time, closed-loop dual-wavelength optical polarimetry for glucose monitoring (2010)

The development of a real-time, dual-wavelength optical polarimetric system to ultimately probe the aqueous humor glucose concentrations as a means of noninvasive diabetic glucose monitoring is the long-term goal of this research. The key impact of the work is the development of an approach for the reduction of the time-variant corneal birefringence due to motion artifact, which is still a limiting factor preventing the realization of such a device. Our dual-wavelength approach utilizes real-time, closed-loop feedback that employs a classical three-term feedback controller and efficiently reduces the effect of motion artifact that appears as a common noise source for both wavelengths. In vitro results are shown for the open-loop system, and although the dual-wavelength system helps to reduce the noise, it is shown that closed-loop control is necessary to bring the noise down to a sufficient level for physiological monitoring. Specifically, in vitro measurement results with the closed-loop dual-wavelength approach demonstrate a sensitivity of 12.8 mg/dl across the physiologic glucose range in the presence of time-variant test cell birefringence. Overall, it is shown that this polarimetric system has the potential to be used as a noninvasive measure of glucose for diabetes.
The Notch Ligand JAG1 Is Required for Sensory Progenitor Development in the Mammalian Inner Ear (2006)

In mammals, six separate sensory regions in the inner ear are essential for hearing and balance function. Each sensory region is made up of hair cells, which are the sensory cells, and their associated supporting cells, both arising from a common progenitor. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern the development of these sensory organs. Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of hair cells and supporting cells by mediating lateral inhibition via the ligands Delta-like 1 and Jagged (JAG) 2. However, another Notch ligand, JAG1, is expressed early in the sensory patches prior to cell differentiation, indicating that there may be an earlier role for Notch signaling in sensory development in the ear. Here, using conditional gene targeting, we show that the Jag1 gene is required for the normal development of all six sensory organs within the inner ear. Cristae are completely lacking in Jag1-conditional knockout (cko) mutant inner ears, whereas the cochlea and utricle show partial sensory development. The saccular macula is present but malformed. Using SOX2 and p27kip1 as molecular markers of the prosensory domain, we show that JAG1 is initially expressed in all the prosensory regions of the ear, but becomes down-regulated in the nascent organ of Corti by embryonic day 14.5, when the cells exit the cell cycle and differentiate. We also show that both SOX2 and p27kip1 are down-regulated in Jag1-cko inner ears. Taken together, these data demonstrate that JAG1 is expressed early in the prosensory domains of both the cochlear and vestibular regions, and is required to maintain the normal expression levels of both SOX2 and p27kip1. These data demonstrate that JAG1-mediated Notch signaling is essential during early development for establishing the prosensory regions of the inner ear.
Controlling Neuropathic Pain by Adeno-Associated Virus Driven Production of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin-10 (2005)

Despite many decades of drug development, effective therapies for neuropathic pain remain elusive. The recent recognition of spinal cord glia and glial pro-inflammatory cytokines as important contributors to neuropathic pain suggests an alternative therapeutic strategy; that is, targeting glial activation or its downstream consequences. While several glial-selective drugs have been successful in controlling neuropathic pain in animal models, none are optimal for human use. Thus the aim of the present studies was to explore a novel approach for controlling neuropathic pain. Here, an adeno-associated viral (serotype II; AAV2) vector was created that encodes the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). This anti-inflammatory cytokine is known to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon intrathecal administration, this novel AAV2-IL-10 vector was successful in transiently preventing and reversing neuropathic pain. Intrathecal administration of an AAV2 vector encoding beta-galactosidase revealed that AAV2 preferentially infects meningeal cells surrounding the CSF space. Taken together, these data provide initial support that intrathecal gene therapy to drive the production of IL-10 may prove to be an efficacious treatment for neuropathic pain.
High levels of expression and nuclear localization of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) and CPP32 in favorable human neuroblastomas. (1997)

Neuroblastomas frequently show spontaneous regression and differentiation, which may at least partly be regulated by signaling through nerve growth factor and its receptors, TRK-A and p75LNTR. We studied 52 neuroblastic tumors to test whether the cell death-related proteases, interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE), CPP32, and Ich-1, were involved in the regression of the tumors. High levels of expression of ICE and CPP32 were significantly correlated with a high level of TRK-A expression, single copy of N-myc, younger age, lower stages, and better prognosis. The immunohistochemical studies and Western analyses as well as the terminal dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method revealed that both ICE and CPP32 were translocated from the cytoplasm into the nuclei in regressing, apoptotic tumor cells. Our results suggest that ICE and CPP32 cysteine proteases may play an important role in regulating the apoptotic process of the favorable neuroblastomas.
Compositional control of rovibrational wave packets in the E(1Σg+) “shelf” state of Li2 via quantum-state-resolved intermediate state selection (1997)

Compositional control in the preparation of rovibrational wave packets is demonstrated in the E(1Σg+) state of gas-phase Li2 molecules using ultrafast pump–probe laser spectroscopy combined with quantum-state-resolved intermediate state selection. The intermediate state, from which subsequent ultrafast excitation occurs, is a stationary rovibrational level in the A(1Σu+) state of Li2, produced by cw laser excitation from the ground X(1Σg+) state. The effect that the intermediate state has on the final composition of the wave packet is investigated by comparing the transients resulting from ultrafast pump–probe excitation of two different intermediate states (vA=14, JA=18 versus vA=13, JA=18). In these experiments the pump wavelength is compensated so that in each case the same E-state eigenstates (vE=13–18, JE=JA±1) make up the wave packet, but with different amplitudes. Theory predicts, and experiments confirm, that the relative amplitudes of the rovibrational eigenstates are strongly dependent upon the intermediate state and determine the spatial and temporal evolution of the wave packet. Evidence for this includes differences in the observed pump–probe transients and dramatically different amplitudes of the beat frequencies in the Fourier analysis of the time-domain transients. Theoretical three-dimensional wave packet simulations highlight how the composition of the wave packet is used to vary its spatial and temporal evolution.
Aberrant hyperediting of the myeloma transcriptome by ADAR1 confers oncogenicity and is a marker of poor prognosis (2018)

DNA alterations have been extensively reported in multiple myeloma (MM); however, they cannot yet fully explain all the biological and molecular abnormalities in MM, which remains to this day an incurable disease with eventual emergence of refractory disease. Recent years have seen abnormalities at the RNA levels being reported to possess potential biological relevance in cancers. ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing is an important posttranscriptional mechanism in human physiology, and the biological implication of its abnormality, especially at the global level, is underexplored in MM. In this study, we define the biological implications of A-to-I editing and how it contributes to MM pathogenesis. Here, we identified that the MM transcriptome is aberrantly hyperedited because of the overexpression of ADAR1. These events were associated with patients' survival independent of 1q21 amplifications and could affect patients' responsiveness to different treatment regimes. Our functional assays established ADAR1 to be oncogenic, driving cellular growth and proliferation in an editing-dependent manner. In addition, we identified NEIL1 (base-excision repair gene) as an essential and a ubiquitously edited ADAR1 target in MM. The recoded NEIL1 protein showed defective oxidative damage repair capacity and loss-of-function properties. Collectively, our data demonstrated that ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing is both clinically and biologically relevant in MM. These data unraveled novel insights into MM molecular pathogenesis at the global RNA level.
Measuring Anthropometric Data for HRTF Personalization (2010)

Nowadays, multimodal human-like sensing, e.g. vision, haptics and audition seeks to improve interaction between an operator (human) and a teleoperator (robot) in human centered robotic systems. Head Related Transfer Function (HRTF) based sound rendering techniques, which seek to create a realistic virtual auditory space for listeners, have become a prominent concept in human robot interaction. Applications that demand high quality 3D sound synthesis are usually based on measured HRTFs of listeners. Recently, researchers propose to construct a set of personalized HRTFs using multiple linear regression models between anthropometric data and measured HRTFs, which implies the existence of a training HRTF dataset together with the corresponding anthropometric data. This paper focuses on the measurement of Head-Related transfer Functions (HRTFs) and the corresponding anthropometric data of a listener. Several state-of-the-art techniques of measuring the HRTFs are described. For measuring the anthropometric data, we develop a low budget approach, which enables us to measure the anthropometry of a person within short time at a high accuracy, whereas the hardware costs for the scanning system are significantly reduced.
The Cache Memory Book (1993)

What is Cache Memory? How are Caches Designed? Cache Memories and RISC Processors. Maintaining Coherency in Cached Systems. Cute Cache Tricks. Subject Index.
Formal specification of an access control system (1987)

Abstract Computing facilities networked together but controlled by different administrations pose a problem of access control. Who decides who can use what? We specify a formal model for an access control system which allows users and services from different administrations to communicate with each other, while still allowing the administrators to retain control of their own parts of the network. The model, written in the Z specification language, has been developed as the access control system for ADMIRAL, though it is not specific to ADMIRAL. It provides a framework for administrators to build access control systems to meet their differing requirements. A system based on the model would allow users to log in to a distributed computing system and to make requests for services in any part of the system, without having to provide any more information about themselves. After this initial log in all subsequent access control decisions are handled automatically, and remain invisible to the user unless access is refused.ö We also discuss the experience we have had animating this model in Prolog.
Detailed microbial surveys help improve reservoir characterization (1994)

Application of the Microbial Oil Survey Technique (MOST) as a reservoir characterization tool expands a surface geochemistry technique from exploration into the production industry. The three examples presented show how tightly spaced microbial sampling grids over producing fields are effective tools to delineate reservoir drainage patterns associated with and related to reservoir heterogeneities. Using this surface microbial information with geology and geophysics is a powerful combination for identifying infill target and stepout potential within existing fields. Distinct microbial population patterns identified in these surveys are: (1) decreased microbial populations over or adjacent to producing wells indicating hydrocarbon withdrawal drainage patterns; (2) linear high and low variations of the gas withdrawal patterns which illustrate the compartmentalization of the reservoir; and (3) exploration type, broad microbial highs which indicate either missed horizons or stepout potential in the field.
A Heterologous DNA Priming- Mycobacterium bovis BCG Boosting Immunization Strategy Using Mycobacterial Hsp70, Hsp65, and Apa Antigens Improves Protection against Tuberculosis in Mice (2004)

Tuberculosis is responsible for >2 million deaths a year, and the number of new cases is rising worldwide. DNA vaccination combined with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) represents a potential strategy for prevention of this disease. Here, we used a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach using a combination of DNA plasmids and BCG in order to improve the efficacy of vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. As model antigens, we selected the M. tuberculosis Apa (for alanine-proline-rich antigen) and the immunodominant Hsp65 and Hsp70 mycobacterial antigens combined with BCG. We demonstrated that animals injected with a combination of DNA vectors expressing these antigens, when boosted with BCG, showed increased specific antimycobacterial immune responses compared to animals vaccinated with BCG alone. More importantly, the protection achieved with this regimen was also significantly better than with BCG alone.
Genotypic Characterization of Bradyrhizobium Strains Nodulating Endemic Woody Legumes of the Canary Islands by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Genes Encoding 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) and 16S-23S rDNA Intergenic Spacers, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR Genomic Fingerprinting, and Partial 16S rDNA Sequencing (1998)

We present a phylogenetic analysis of nine strains of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) and other endemic woody legumes of the Canary Islands, Spain. These and several reference strains were characterized genotypically at different levels of taxonomic resolution by computer-assisted analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLPs), 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) RFLPs, and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) genomic fingerprints with BOX, ERIC, and REP primers. Cluster analysis of 16S rDNA restriction patterns with four tetrameric endonucleases grouped the Canarian isolates with the two reference strains, Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110spc4 and Bradyrhizobium sp. strain (Centrosema) CIAT 3101, resolving three genotypes within these bradyrhizobia. In the analysis of IGS RFLPs with three enzymes, six groups were found, whereas rep-PCR fingerprinting revealed an even greater genotypic diversity, with only two of the Canarian strains having similar fingerprints. Furthermore, we show that IGS RFLPs and even very dissimilar rep-PCR fingerprints can be clustered into phylogenetically sound groupings by combining them with 16S rDNA RFLPs in computer-assisted cluster analysis of electrophoretic patterns. The DNA sequence analysis of a highly variable 264-bp segment of the 16S rRNA genes of these strains was found to be consistent with the fingerprint-based classification. Three different DNA sequences were obtained, one of which was not previously described, and all belonged to the B. japonicum/Rhodopseudomonas rDNA cluster. Nodulation assays revealed that none of the Canarian isolates nodulated Glycine max or Leucaena leucocephala, but all nodulated Acacia pendula, C. proliferus, Macroptilium atropurpureum, and Vigna unguiculata.
FlexiGesture : a sensor-rich real-time adaptive gesture and affordance learning platform for electronic music control (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.
A General and Convenient Catalytic Synthesis of Nitriles from Amides and Silanes (2009)

A new and convenient protocol for the catalytic dehydration of aromatic and aliphatic amides using silanes in the presence of catalytic amounts of fluoride is presented. The synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles proceeds with high selectivity under mild conditions. Notably, a wide substrate range is converted in good to excellent yields.
Microparticles as controlled drug delivery carrier for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A brief review (2014)

Ulcerative colitis is the chronic relapsing multifactorial gastrointestinal inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by bloody or mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel dystension, anemia. The annual incidence of ulcerative colitis in Asia, North America and Europe was found to be 6.3, 19.2 and 24.3 per 100,000 person-years. The major challenge in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is appropriate local targeting and drug related side-effects. To overcome these challenges, microparticulate systems seem to be a promising approach for controlled and sustained drug release after oral administration. The main goal of this article is to explore the role of microparticles in ulcerative colitis for the appropriate targeting of drugs to colon. There are different approaches which have been studied over the last decade, including prodrugs, polymeric approach, time released system, pH sensitive system, which show the site specific drug delivery to colon. Among these approaches, microparticulate drug delivery system has been gaining an immense importance for local targeting of drug to colon at a controlled and sustained rate. Combined approaches such as pH dependent and time dependent system provide the maximum release of drug into colon via oral route. This article embraces briefly about pathophysiology, challenges and polymeric approaches mainly multiparticulate systems for site specific drug delivery to colon in sustained and controlled manner so that drug related side-effects by reducing dosage frequency can be minimized.
Insight into and Practical Application of pH‐Controlled Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones in Water (2005)

Much faster, more enantioselective, and more-productive catalysis was attained in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with the Noyori–Ikariya Ru–Ts-dpen catalyst in water under slightly basic conditions (see scheme). At low pH values, the reaction was much less efficient and appears to operate through a different mechanism.
Fast and accurate HLA typing from short-read next-generation sequence data with xHLA (2017)

The HLA gene complex on human chromosome 6 is one of the most polymorphic regions in the human genome and contributes in large part to the diversity of the immune system. Accurate typing of HLA genes with short-read sequencing data has historically been difficult due to the sequence similarity between the polymorphic alleles. Here, we introduce an algorithm, xHLA, that iteratively refines the mapping results at the amino acid level to achieve 99-100% four-digit typing accuracy for both class I and II HLA genes, taking only [Formula: see text]3 min to process a 30× whole-genome BAM file on a desktop computer.
T cell selective apoptosis by a novel immunosuppressant, FTY720, is closely regulated with Bcl‐2 (2002)

1. A novel immunosuppressant FTY720 caused a significant decrease in peripheral T lymphocytes, but not in B lymphocytes upon oral administration. This decrease was mainly a result of FTY720-induced apoptosis. In this study, we confirmed FTY720-induced T cell selective apoptosis using lymphoma cell lines in vitro. 2. Viability loss, DNA fragmentation, Annexin V binding, and caspases activation (caspase-3, -8, and -9) were observed in Jurkat cells (T lymphoma cells), but not significantly in BALL-1 cells (B lymphoma cells). These results indicated that FTY720 selectively induced apoptosis in T cell lymphoma to a greater extent than in B cell lymphoma, a finding that is similar to the result observed when FTY720 was treated with T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in vitro. 3. FTY720 released cytochrome c from mitochondria in Jurkat intact cells as well as from isolated Jurkat mitochondria directly, but not from mitochondria in BALL-1 cells nor from isolated BALL-1 mitochondria. 4. BALL-1 cells and B cells had more abundant mitochondria-localized anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 than did Jurkat cells and T cells. 5. FTY720-induced apoptosis is inhibited by the overexpression of Bcl-2, suggesting that the cellular Bcl-2 level regulates the sensitivity to FTY720.
Optimal Configuration Analysis of a Microgrid-Based Telecom Power System (2006)

This paper presents a systematic microgrid-based telecom power system configuration analysis to establish a possible basis for an optimal design. It compares several configurations using a value function that includes important telecommunication power plant characteristics, such as cost and availability. The comparison yields guidelines on how best to configure the system. Design choices studied include the system main bus voltage, redundancy policy, and the microsource configuration. The analysis indicates that microgrid-based telecom power systems outperform traditional telecom power plants for medium to high-power sites, such as switching centers, and gives similar results for cell sites and low power transmission nodes. Microgrid configurations with an approximate 156 V main dc bus voltage achieve a slightly higher value function than other evaluated options