gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with 30% External Quantum Efficiency Based on a Horizontally Oriented Emitter (2013)

Abstract High‐efficiency phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) doped with Ir(ppy) 2 (acac) [bis(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium(III)‐acetylacetonate] in an exciplex forming co‐host have been optically analyzed. This emitter has a preferred orientation with the horizontal to vertical dipole ratio of 0.77:0.23 as compared to 0.67:0.33 in the isotropic case. Theoretical analysis based on the orientation factor ( Θ , the ratio of the horizontal dipoles to total dipoles) and the photoluminescence quantum yield ( q PL ) of the emitter predicts that the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OLEDs with this emitter is about 30%, which matches very well with the experimental data, indicating that the electrical loss of the OLEDs is negligible and the device structure can be utilized as a platform to demonstrate the validity of optical modeling. Based on the results, the maximum EQE achievable for a certain emitting dye in a host can be predicted by just measuring q PL and Θ in a neat film on glass without the need to fabricate devices, which offers a universal plot of the maximum EQE as a function of q PL and Θ .
A review of proton beam radiation therapy (1995)

Beams of protons have been used for radiation treatment for approximately 40 years. This paper provides a short summary of activities from institutions that have contributed to the field over this period. The paper reviews some of the basic interactions of protons with matter that are relevant to radiation treatment and summarizes current knowledge pertaining to the response of biological systems to proton beam radiation. The technical means of producing and delivering proton treatment beams are discussed along with examples of the implementation of these methods at treatment facilities around the world. Finally, the clinical dosimetry of proton beams is summarized and sample data are presented.
Horizontal coseismic deformation of the 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake measured from SPOT satellite images: Implications for the seismic cycle along the western foothills of central Taiwan (2003)

The 1999 Chi‐Chi earthquake, M w = 7.6, broke a major thrust fault along the western foothills of the Central Range of Taiwan. We have measured the horizontal coseismic displacement field by correlating optical satellite images acquired before and after the earthquake. These data reveal the fault trace and a clockwise rotation of surface displacements toward the north with much larger displacements and strain in the hanging wall. At the surface, coseismic slip increases from 5–6 m near the epicenter to 10–11 m to the north. In the epicentral area, we observe a left‐lateral strike‐slip zone trending N125°E, and farther north, a fault zone trending N‐S with a right‐lateral component. The data were modeled using elastic dislocations. The fault geometry consists of a shallow 20–35° east dipping ramp, which soles out into a low dipping décollement at a depth of ∼6 to 8 km. Surface displacements can be satisfactorily modeled, assuming a constant slip azimuth on the main fault plane, close to the azimuth of plate convergence (N305°E ± 5°). At depth, slips along the fault plane evolve from 5–6 m in the south to 7 to 12 m to the north. Our model suggests that the deeper portion of the fault was not activated during the Chi‐Chi earthquake. This zone of slip deficit must break during large earthquakes or be activated during transient episodes of aseismic slip. On the basis of these observations, the western front of the central Taiwan should produce a M = 7 to 7.5 event, about every 150 to 250 years.
Microwave discharges produced by surface waves in argon gas (1987)

Reports on an experiment in argon discharges produced by surface waves at 2.45 GHz. A self-consistent description of these discharges at low pressure (p<10 Torr) is presented. Characteristics such as the electron density, the maintaining electric field (E), the collision frequency for momentum transfer v and the mean power required for maintaining the electron-ion pair theta are determined as functions of the product of the pressure and the plasma diameter. In particular scaling laws are verified for v and theta . It is concluded that experimental surface-wave discharges behave similarly to positive-column discharges.
Transient expression of type IV collagenolytic metalloproteinase by human mononuclear phagocytes. (1986)

A type IV collagenolytic metalloproteinase secreted by human monocytes/macrophages has been isolated and characterized. Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and cultured in vitro exhibited a high type IV collagenolytic activity during the first and second day, but such activity declined markedly over subsequent days. Type IV collagenolytic activity was also transiently elaborated by macrophages isolated from (a) bronchioalveolar lavage of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, (b) primary human colostrum, and (c) peritoneal lavage of a patient with peritonitis. In contrast, macrophages isolated from the bronchioalveolar lavage of normal individuals, or from noninflammatory peritoneal fluids, failed to exhibit type IV collagenolytic activity. A type IV collagenolytic neutral proteinase was purified from macrophages isolated from inflammatory peritoneal fluid. The proteinase has a mass of 67 kDa on gel electrophoresis and is not altered in its migration under reducing conditions. It produces a characteristic 1/4-3/4 cleavage of type IV collagen, and its activity is abolished by treatment with EDTA but not phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. The isoelectric pH of the proteinase is 5.2 as judged by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the proteinase was notable for a high content of serine, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine and no detectable hydroxyproline, cysteine, or methionine residues. The carbohydrate content of the proteinase was 11.2%, and galactose was the most abundant monosaccharide (8.7%) released following acid hydrolysis, followed by glucose (1.3%), mannose (1.2%), and trace amounts of fucose and galactosamine. Such a type IV collagenolytic protease may play an important role during the traversal of the vascular basement membrane by extravasating monocytes. The biochemical characteristics and biologic function of the macrophage proteinase may be similar or identical to the type IV collagenolytic proteinase identified in metastatic tumor cells.
Identification and Molecular Analysis of Rough-Colony-Specific Outer Membrane Proteins of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (1999)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the human mouth, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of early-onset periodontitis. Primary isolates cultured from subgingival plaque exhibit an adherent, rough colony phenotype which spontaneously converts to a nonadherent, smooth phenotype upon in vitro subculture. The rough colony variant produces abundant fimbriae and autoaggregates, while the smooth colony variant is planktonic and produces scant fimbriae. To begin to understand the significance of colony variation in biofilm formation by A. actinomycetemcomitans, outer membrane protein profiles of four isogenic rough and smooth colony variants were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two proteins with relative molecular masses of 43 and 20 kDa were expressed by the rough colony variants exclusively. Expression of these proteins was not found to be dependent on growth phase, oxygen tension, or type of complex medium. N-terminal amino acid sequences of these proteins obtained by Edman degradation were compared with sequences from the University of Oklahoma A. actinomycetemcomitans genome database. Two contiguous open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins having sequence homology with these proteins were identified. The 43-kDa protein (RcpA [rough colony protein A]) was similar to precursor protein D of the general secretion pathway of gram-negative bacilli, while the 20-kDa protein (RcpB [rough colony protein B]) appeared to be unique. The genes encoding these proteins have been cloned from A. actinomycetemcomitans 283 and sequenced. A BLASTX (gapped BLAST) search of the surrounding ORFs revealed homology with other fimbria-related proteins. These data suggest that the genes encoding the 43-kDa (rcpA) and 20-kDa (rcpB) proteins may be functionally related to each other and to genes that may encode fimbria-associated proteins.
Ribonucleotide Reductase Messenger RNA Expression and Survival in Gemcitabine/Cisplatin-Treated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2004)

RRM1 mRNA expression is a crucial predictive marker of survival in gemcitabine/cisplatin-treated patients. Genetic testing of RRM1 mRNA expression levels can and should be used to personalize chemotherapy.
Enzymatic engineering of the porcine genome with transposons and recombinases (2007)

We have demonstrated for the first time that transposons and recombinases are capable of mobilizing DNA into and out of the porcine genome in a precise and efficient manner. This study provides the basis for developing transposon and recombinase based tools for genetic engineering of the swine genome.
Large scale learning and recognition of faces in web videos (2008)

The phenomenal growth of video on the Web and the increasing sparseness of meta information associated with it forces us to look for signals from the video content for search/information retrieval and browsing based corpus exploration. A large chunk of users' searching/browsing patterns are centered around people present in the video. Doing it at scale in videos remains hard due to a) the absence of labeled data for such a large set of people and b) the large variation of pose/illumination/expression/age/occlusion/quality etc in the target corpus. We propose a system that can learn and recognize faces by combining signals from large scale weakly labeled text, image, and video corpora. First, consistency learning is proposed to create face models for popular persons. We use the text-image co-occurrence on the web as a weak signal of relevance and learn the set of consistent face models from this very large and noisy training set. Second, efficient and accurate face detection and face tracking is applied. Last, the key faces in each face track is select by clustering to get compact and robust representation. The face tracks are further clustered to get more representative key faces and remove duplicate key faces. For each cluster of face tracks, a combination of majority voting and probabilistic voting is done with the automatically learned models. The effectiveness of our framework is demonstrated by results on image and video corpora, in which we can achieve 92.68% in 37 million images and 80% top-5-precision in 1500 hours videos.
Identification of a Gene Encoding a Transporter Essential for Utilization of C 4 Dicarboxylates in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2008)

The Corynebacterium glutamicum R genome contains a total of eight genes encoding proteins with sequence similarity to C4-dicarboxylate transporters identified from other bacteria. Three of the genes encode proteins within the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) family, another three encode proteins within the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter family, and two encode proteins within the divalent anion:Na+ symporter (DASS) family. We observed that a mutant strain deficient in one of these genes, designated dcsT, of the DASS family did not aerobically grow on the C4 dicarboxylates succinate, fumarate, and malate as the sole carbon sources. Mutant strains deficient in each of the other seven genes grew as well as the wild-type strain under the same conditions, although one of these genes is a homologue of dctA of the DAACS family, involved in aerobic growth on C4 dicarboxylates in various bacteria. The utilization of C4 dicarboxylates was markedly enhanced by overexpression of the dcsT gene. We confirmed that the uptake of [13C]labeled succinate observed for the wild-type cells was hardly detected in the dcsT-deficient mutant but was markedly enhanced in a dcsT-overexpressing strain. These results suggested that in C. glutamicum, the uptake of C4 dicarboxylates for aerobic growth was mainly mediated by the DASS transporter encoded by dcsT. The expression level of the dcsT gene transiently increased in the early exponential phase during growth on nutrient-rich medium. This expression was enhanced by the addition of succinate in the mid-exponential phase and was repressed by the addition of glucose in the early exponential phase.
Gate-over-driving CMOS architecture for 0.5 V single-power-supply-operated devices (2002)

A gate over driving CMOS (GO-CMOS) architecture for 100MHz operation at a 0.5V Vdd has been proposed. GO-CMOS manages power delivery to the transistors as follows: (1) instead of using a Vt of -0.1V or less for all transistors, the power supply voltage is boosted for logic circuitry with a small load capacitance, (2) the gate voltage of the driver transistors is boosted to drive the heavily-loaded output nodes. Power is supplied to the driver transistors directly from the external supply to avoid stressing the embedded charge pump circuit. This architecture is used because the measured leakage current using Vt of -0.1V or less is over 10-times that of a GO-CMOS circuit even considering that the boosting efficiency is only 36%. To verify GO-CMOS, a 96kb SRAM test chip used GO-CMOS circuits.
Sequelae of Traveler's Diarrhea: Focus on Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2005)

Traveler's diarrhea is usually an acute, self-limited illness; however, in some patients, enteric symptoms can persist for weeks, months, or years. It has been estimated that up to 3% of patients with traveler's diarrhea have symptoms for >30 days. The differential diagnosis includes persistent infection, coinfection, temporary postinfection phenomena, or malabsorptive syndromes. Once these possibilities are excluded, and if symptoms persist, a diagnosis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) becomes more likely. PI-IBS has recently become a topic of considerable clinical and investigative interest, because evidence validating it as a diagnosis and elucidating its pathophysiological mechanisms has accumulated. Epidemiological evidence suggests that PI-IBS is a relatively common sequela of acute gastroenteritis. Experimental evidence suggests that chronic inflammation following acute bacterial infection has a pathophysiological role in the development of PI-IBS. A fuller understanding of these pathophysiological mechanisms will lead to a more directed therapeutic approach and, perhaps, a reevaluation of prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea as a means of primary prevention of PI-IBS.
Measuring Academic Affective States of Students via Brainwave Signals (2011)

Multiple studies show that electroencephalogram (EEG) signals behave differently when humans experience various emotions. The objective of this project is to create a model of human academic emotions (namely: boredom, confusion, engagement and frustration) using EEG signals. Raw EEG signals were collected from nineteen (19) students while solving Berg's Card Sorting Task. Noise reduction was performed using 8Hz-30Hz 10th-Order Butter worth Band pass Filter. The following statistical features of raw EEG signals were computed: mean, standard deviation, mean of absolute first and second differences and standardized mean of absolute first and second differences. The k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines, and Multilayer Perceptron were used as classifiers. Accuracy scores (at their highest) were 54.09%, 46.86% and 40.72% respectively, using batch cross-validation.
Circulating Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Paraoxonase Activity in Preeclampsia (2005)

Preeclampsia is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy, however, little is known about its etiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and paraoxonase (PON1) activity in women with either preeclampsia or normotensive (NT) pregnancy. The study groups included 41 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 33 normotensive pregnant women. In all patients maternal serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TGs) were measured using enzymatic methods. Serum PON1 activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometric methods, and oxLDL was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Serum concentrations of lipid parameters (TC, LDL, VLDL, and TGs) were significantly higher in preeclampsia compared with NT controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively). Serum concentrations of MDA and oxLDL were significantly higher, while PON1 activity was significantly lower in preeclampsia compared with NT controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). A positive correlation was detected between oxLDL and MDA (r = 0.876), and a negative correlation was detected between both MDA and oxLDL and PON1 (r = -0.837 and r = -0.759, respectively). Our data demonstrate that preeclampsia is associated with increased oxLDL and decreased PON1 activity. Elevated oxidative stress, oxLDL, dyslipidemia and decreased PON1 activities may cause vascular endothelial damage and contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
The Medical use of Cannabis in Germany (2002)

The author first describes the history of medical use of cannabis and its revival in the 1990s. He then provides an overview of the legal situation and how this affects doctors and patients if cannabis is prescribed or recommended as treatment. Subsequently, the state of the art of cannabis medication research is described and analyzed. Finally, the public and political discourse that arose in reaction to legal and political efforts to legalize cannabis for medical purposes is described.
The Addison-Wesley photo-atlas of nursing procedures (1984)

The first comprehensive one-volume atlas of nursing procedures written at a professional level, with a clarity students will appreciate. Now, an even greater value in paperback.
Update on Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections and Their Management (2010)

Despite improvements in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) design, application of timely infection control practices, and administration of antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of device placement, CIED infections continue to occur and can be life-threatening. This has prompted the study of all aspects of CIED infections. Recognizing the recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, management, and prevention of CIED infections, the American Heart Association commissioned this scientific statement to educate clinicians about CIED infections, provide explicit recommendations for the care of patients with suspected or established CIED infections, and highlight areas of needed research.
Clinical Implications of Plasma-Based Genotyping With the Delivery of Personalized Therapy in Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2018)

Integration of plasma NGS testing into the routine management of stage IV NSCLC demonstrates a marked increase of the detection of therapeutically targetable mutations and improved delivery of molecularly guided therapy.
Role of GLI2 Transcription Factor in Growth and Tumorigenicity of Prostate Cells (2007)

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been reported in various cancer types including prostate cancer. The GLI2 transcription factor is a primary mediator of Hh signaling. However, its relative contribution to development of prostate tumors is poorly understood. To establish the role of GLI2 in maintaining the tumorigenic properties of prostate cancer cells, we developed GLI2-specific small hairpin RNA. Knockdown of GLI2 in these cells resulted in significant down-regulation of the Hh signaling pathway, followed by inhibition of colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, and growth of xenografts in vivo. Conversely, ectopic expression of Gli2 in nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells resulted in accelerated cell cycle progression, especially transition through G(2)-M, and augmented proliferation. Altogether, our findings suggest that GLI2 plays a critical role in the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells, and GLI2 may potentially become an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARATIVE INFRARED STUDY OF THE SURFACE STRUCTURE AND ACIDITY OF COO(NIO)‐MOO3‐AL2O3 CATALYST PREPARED BY DIFFERENT METHODS (1981)

Abstract Im Verlauf vergleichender IR‐ Untersuchungen der OH‐Gruppen sowie der Oberflächenacidität an nach verschiedenen Verfahren hergestellten Proben von 7‐AI,O3 ,Mo‐Al 2 O 3 ,Co‐Al 2 O 3 sowie C0(Od r Ni)‐ Mo‐Al 2 O 3 werden im Bereich der OH‐Streckschwingungen merkliche Unterschiede bei Co(Ni)‐Mo‐Al 2 O 3 ‐Katalysatoren beobachtet, je nachdem, ob eine gemeinsame oder zweistufige Imprägnierung angewendet wird.
Side Chain Flexibilities in the Human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene Potassium Channel (hERG) Together with Matched-Pair Binding Studies Suggest a New Binding Mode for Channel Blockers (2009)

The cardiac hERG K(+) channel constitutes a long-standing and expensive antitarget for the drug industry. From a study of the flexibility of hERG around its internal binding cavity, we have developed a new structural model of drug binding to hERG, which involves binding orthogonal to the pore channel and therefore can exploit the up to 4-fold symmetry of the tetrameric channel. This binding site has a base formed by four tyrosine side chains that complement reported ligand-based pharmacophores. The model is able to rationalize reduced hERG potency in matched molecular pair studies and suggests design guidelines to optimize against hERG not relying simply on lipophilicity reduction. The binding model also suggests a molecular mechanism for the link between high-affinity hERG binding and C-type inactivation.
Pharmacodynamics of a monoclonal antiphencyclidine Fab with broad selectivity for phencyclidine-like drugs. (1998)

The development of treatment strategies for drug intoxication has been hindered in part by the lack of clinically useful antagonists. Consequently, the major goal of these studies was to determine whether a monoclonal antibody Fab fragment (of IgG) could be used as an effective drug class-selective antagonist and to understand better the dose-response relationships for reversing CNS drug toxicity. Changes in drug-induced locomotor effects in a rat model were used to assess the ability of the antiphencyclidine (anti-PCP) Fab to reverse the behavioral effects of PCP and other potent arylcyclohexylamines. In experiments to determine the pharmacodynamics of Fabinduced antagonism of behavioral effects, the Fab completely reversed all PCP-induced locomotor effects in a Fab dose-dependent manner with a minimal effective dose of 0.18 mole-equivalents of Fab and an ED50 value of about one-third mole-equivalent. The anti-PCP Fab also completely reversed the locomotor effects induced by two other structurally related potent analogs of PCP: 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine and N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine. In addition, pharmacological and immunological selectivity was further tested by treatment of the behavioral effects induced by the structurally unrelated locomotor stimulant (+)methamphetamine. The antibody did not effectively reverse the effects of methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity. These results indicate that antibody-based medications can be developed to treat toxicity caused by classes of drugs as well as by individual drugs.