Organic Light Emitting Devices: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2006)

1 Inorganic Semiconductors for Light-emitting Diodes (E. Fred Schubert, Thomas Gessmann, and Jong Kyu Kim). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Optical Emission Spectra. 1.3 Resonant-cavity-enhanced Structures. 1.4 Current Transport in LED Structures. 1.5 Extraction Efficiency. 1.6 Omnidirectional Reflectors. 1.7 Packaging. 1.8 Conclusion. References. 2 Electronic Processes at Semiconductor Polymer Heterojunctions (Arne C. Morteani, Richard H. Friend, and Carlos Silva). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Charge Capture at Polymer Heterojunctions. 2.3 Exciton Dissociation at Polymer Heterojunctions. 2.4 Morphology-dependent Exciton Retrapping at Polymer Heterojunctions. 2.5 Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 3 Photophysics of Luminescent Conjugated Polymers (Dirk Hertel and Heinz Bssler). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Spectroscopy of Singlet States. 3.3 Optically Induced Charge Carrier Generation. 3.4 Triplet States. 3.5 Resum. Acknowledgement. References. 4 Polymer-Based Light-Emitting Diodes (PLEDs) and Displays Fabricated from Arrays of PLEDs (Xiong Gong, Daniel Moses and Alan J. Heeger). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 LEDs Fabricated from Semiconducting Polymers. 4.3 Accurate Measurement of OLED/PLED Device Parameters. 4.4 Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling in Semiconducting Polymer MIM Diodes. 4.5 Pixilated Displays. 4.6 Thickness Dependence of Electroluminescence Efficiency. 4.7 Limits on the Electroluminescence Efficiency. 4.8 White-light emission. 4.9 Conclusion. Note. Acknowledgement. References. 5 Metal/Polymer Interface Studies for Organic Light-Emitting Devices (Man-Keung Fung, Chun-Sing Lee, and Shuit-Tong Lee). 5.1 Review of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and their Fundamental Interface Studies. 5.2 Polymer Materials, their Preparations, and Experimental Details. 5.3 Chemistry and Electronic Properties of Metal/F8BT. 5.4 Role of Ytterbium and Ytterbium/Cesium Fluoride on the Chemistry of F8BT. 5.5 Highly Efficient and Substrate-Independent Ytterbium/Cesium Fluoride Cathodes. 5.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 The Synthesis of Electroluminescent Polymers (Andrew C. Grimsdale). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Poly(arylene vinylene)s. 6.3 Poly(arylene ethynylene)s. 6.4 Polyarylenes. 6.5 EL Polymers with Isolated Chromophores. 6.6 Stability of EL Polymers. 6.7 Conclusion. References. 7 Charge-transporting and Charge-blocking Amorphous Molecular Materials for Organic Light-emitting Diodes (Yasuhiko Shirota). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Amorphous Molecular Materials. 7.3 Requirements for Materials in OLEDs. 7.4 Amorphous Molecular Materials for Use in OLEDs. 7.5 Charge Transport in Amorphous Molecular Materials. 7.6 Outlook. References. 8 Dendrimer Light-Emitting Diodes (John M. Lupton). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Dendrimer Concept. 8.3 Electroluminescent Dendritic Materials. 8.4 Electronic Properties. 8.5 Dendrimer Devices. 8.6 Dendronized Polymers. 8.7 Conclusions. References. 9 Crosslinkable Organic Semiconductors for Use in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) (Klaus Meerholz, Christoph-David Mller, Oskar Nuyken). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Multiple-Layer Deposition. 9.3 Patterning. 9.4 Conclusion and Outlook. Acknowledgements. References. 10 Hybrid OLEDs with Semiconductor Nanocrystals (Andrey L. Rogach and John M. Lupton). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 LEDs in the Visible based on Composites of Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Polymers or Nanocrystals and Small Organic Molecules. 10.3 Near-infrared LEDs based on Composites of Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Polymers or Small Organic Molecules. 10.4 Concluding Remarks. References. 11 Polymer Electrophosphorescence Devices (Xiaohui Yang and Dieter Neher). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Phosphorescent Dyes. 11.3 Transfer Processes in Polymer Hosts Doped with Phosphorescent Dyes. 11.4 Polymer Phosphorescence Devices based on PVK. 11.5 Phosphorescent Devices with Other Host Polymers. 11.6 Fully Functionalized Polymers. 11.7 Conclusion and Outlook. Acknowledgement. References. 12 Low-threshold Organic Semiconductor Lasers (Daniel Schneider, Uli Lemmer, Wolfgang Kowalsky, Thomas Riedl). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fundamentals of Organic Semiconductor Lasers. 12.3 Low-threshold Organic Lasing. 12.4 Comparison of Organic Laser Properties. 12.5 Electrically Driven Organic Lasers. 12.6 Summary and Outlook. References. Subject Index.