gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-phase method for the purification of DNA sequencing reactions (1992)

A solid-phase method for the purification of the single-stranded DNA molecules produced in enzymatic sequencing reactions has been developed. A primer oligonucleotide is synthesized containing a biotin moiety at an internal position. This primer is utilized in enzymatic extension reactions, and the resulting products are bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Contaminating species such as protein, salts, template DNA, and unincorporated or degraded deoxy and dideoxy nucleotide triphosphates may be removed by washing the beads after immobilizing them in the sample tube with a fixed magnet. The resulting pure single-stranded DNA fragments are removed from the solid support by heating in 10 mM EDTA, 95% formamide, loading dye at 90 degrees C, and may then be directly loaded onto a polyacrylamide gel for sequence analysis. This method was used to investigate the effect of various contaminants upon DNA sequence data.
Growth of pyramidal, but not non‐pyramidal, dendrites in long‐term organotypic explants of neonatal rat neocortex chronically exposed to neurotrophin‐3 (1998)

The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and spontaneous bioelectric activity (SBA) on dendritic elongation and branching in long-term isolated organotypic explants of rat neocortex. Viral vector-directed expression of NT3 was used as an effective means to ensure a continuous, local production of the neurotrophic factor. Quantitative light microscopic measurement of dendritic branching patterns was carried out on Golgi-stained materials. Explants were exposed to an adenoviral vector encoding the genetic sequence for neurotrophin-3 (Ad-NT3), or to exogenous additions of the neuropeptide NT3. In order to test for activity-dependent growth effects under control and experimental conditions, explants were exposed to glutamatergic blockade using a cocktail of APV and DNQX. Both Ad-NT3 and NT3 peptide potently promoted apical and basal dendritic growth (elongation and branching) in pyramidal neurons. This growth was observed to be significant in layers II-IV and V. These growth effects were also not activity dependent, inasmuch as they were elicited from explants in which spontaneous bioelectric activity had been suppressed. Non-pyramidal neurons, throughout the neocortical slice, showed no significant dendritic responses to the prolonged presence of NT3. These findings show that pyramidal dendritic growth in long-term neocortical explants responds to at least one neurotrophic growth factor, NT3, and is independent of intrinsic bioelectric activity. The use of viral vectors in delivering a continuous high level of neurotrophic factor within developing neural tissues demonstrates its potential application to in vivo tissues during development, or in the stimulation of neuritogenesis and neuroregeneration following injuries.
Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies (2009)

Critical-sized defects in bone, whether induced by primary tumor resection, trauma, or selective surgery have in many cases presented insurmountable challenges to the current gold standard treatment for bone repair. The primary purpose of a tissue-engineered scaffold is to use engineering principles to incite and promote the natural healing process of bone which does not occur in critical-sized defects. A synthetic bone scaffold must be biocompatible, biodegradable to allow native tissue integration, and mimic the multidimensional hierarchical structure of native bone. In addition to being physically and chemically biomimetic, an ideal scaffold is capable of eluting bioactive molecules (e.g., BMPs, TGF-betas, etc., to accelerate extracellular matrix production and tissue integration) or drugs (e.g., antibiotics, cisplatin, etc., to prevent undesired biological response such as sepsis or cancer recurrence) in a temporally and spatially controlled manner. Various biomaterials including ceramics, metals, polymers, and composites have been investigated for their potential as bone scaffold materials. However, due to their tunable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and controllable biodegradability, polymers have emerged as the principal material in bone tissue engineering. This article briefly reviews the physiological and anatomical characteristics of native bone, describes key technologies in mimicking the physical and chemical environment of bone using synthetic materials, and provides an overview of local drug delivery as it pertains to bone tissue engineering is included.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Autologous Serum Eye Drops with Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Neurotrophic Keratitis (2013)

Both autologous serum eye drops and amniotic membrane transplantation are effective for eyes with neurotrophic corneal ulcers because of many epitheliotrophic factors. Also, we observed that multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation is more effective than autologous serum in deep corneal ulcers with postherpes neurotrophic keratitis in our cases.
Evidence that β-Amyloid Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Is Not Derived by Normal Processing (1990)

The beta-amyloid protein (beta/A4), derived from a larger amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the principal component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APP is an integral membrane glycoprotein and is secreted as a carboxyl-terminal truncated molecule. APP cleavage, which is a membrane-associated event, occurred at a site located within the beta/A4 region. This suggests that an intact amyloidogenic beta/A4 fragment is not generated during normal APP catabolism. Therefore, an early event in amyloid formation may involve altered APP processing that results in the release and subsequent deposition of intact beta/A4.
Production of alternatives to fuel oil from organic waste by the alkane-producing bacterium, Vibrio furnissii M1 (2005)

This is the first report on bacterial hydrocarbon production from organic waste.
Carbon dioxide extraction from air: Is it an option? (1999)

Controlling the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere without limiting access to fossil energy resources is only possible if carbon dioxide is collected and disposed of away from the atmosphere. While it may be cost-advantageous to collect the carbon dioxide at concentrated sources without ever letting it enter the atmosphere, this approach is not available for the many diffuse sources of carbon dioxide. Similarly, for many older plants a retrofit to collect the carbon dioxide is either impossible or prohibitively expensive. For these cases we investigate the possibility of collecting the carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. We conclude that there are no fundamental obstacles to this approach and that it deserves further investigation. Carbon dioxide extraction directly from atmosphere would allow carbon management without the need for a completely changed infrastructure. In addition it eliminates the need for a complex carbon dioxide transportation infrastructure, thus at least in part offsetting the higher cost of the extraction from air.
Analgesic efficacy and safety of tramadol enantiomers in comparison with the racemate: a randomised, double-blind study with gynaecological patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (1995)

The opioid analgesic tramadol is a racemate and consists of 50% (+)- and 50% (-)-enantiomer. This study investigated analgesic efficacy and safety of both enantiomers after intravenous (i.v.) injection in comparison with the racemate. Ninety-eight patients recovering from major gynaecological surgery under opioid-free halothane anaesthesia were treated in a randomised, double-blind study with (+)-tramadol, (-)-tramadol or the racemate. Following an individualised i.v. loading dose up to a maximum of 200 mg, patient-controlled analgesia with demand doses of 20 mg was made available for 24 h. The primary criterion was of efficacy was the decrease of pain intensity on a 5-point verbal rating scale from severe or maximum pain to mild or no pain intensity on a 5-point verbal rating scale from severe or maximum pain to mild or no pain within the first hour after the loading dose. The secondary criterion was patient satisfaction with pain relief during the 24-h observation period stated in the final interview. Patients who terminated the study prematurely were evaluated as non-responders. Of patients treated with (+)-tramadol, tramadol racemate, and (-)-tramadol, 12%, 15%, and 53% of treated patients, respectively, terminated the study prematurely because of inefficacy. Of patients treated with (+)-tramadol, racemate or (-)-tramadol 67%, 48% and 38%, respectively, were considered responders regarding the primary criterion of efficacy (P = 0.061), and 82%, 76%, or 41% with respect to the secondary criterion (P = 0.001). Assessment of laboratory screening, adverse events, vital signs and blood gas monitoring showed no serious drug-related events. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported non-serious side effects and were most often seen with (+)-tramadol. Taking into account both efficacy and safety aspects, the racemate seems to be superior to either enantiomer alone.
Characterization of tetraspanins CD9, CD53, CD63, and CD81 in monocytes and macrophages in HIV-1 infection (2013)

Tetraspanins are a family of membrane-organizing proteins that mediate diverse functions. Little is known of their expression or function in myeloid cells. Here, expression of CD9, CD53, CD63, and CD81, tetraspanins that have been implicated in HIV-1 pathogenesis, were characterized in normal monocyte subsets, in MDM, and in HIV-1-infected donors. We show that tetraspanins are expressed differentially by monocyte subsets, with higher CD9 and CD63 and lower CD53 and CD81 levels on CD14++CD16- monocytes compared with CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ subsets. Maturation of monocytes resulted in increased CD9 expression and apparent relocation of CD63 and CD53 from surface to intracellular membranes. Expression was modulated by cytokines, and CD9 was a marker of anti-inflammatory and CD53 a marker of proinflammatory MDM. Tetraspanin expression on monocyte subsets from HIV-1-infected donors receiving antiretroviral therapy was unchanged compared with that in uninfected donors. However, CD53 expression was inversely correlated with viral load in HIV-1-infected donors not on therapy. This study is the first to comprehensively characterize tetraspanin expression on monocyte subsets and macrophages in health and during HIV-1 infection. It demonstrates regulation of tetraspanin expression by cytokines, and CD53 expression as a novel correlate of a proinflammatory phenotype. This paper characterizes tetraspanins in myeloid cells and shows that tetraspanins are expressed differentially in monocyte subsets and are modified in inflammatory conditions.
Diagnostic application of a monoclonal antibody against small cell lung cancer (1986)

A monoclonal antibody (MOC-1) directed against an antigen present in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was used for diagnostic purposes. After screening of biopsy specimens of lung tumors, MOC-1 was found to react with SCLC (n = 10) and adenocarcinoma of the lung (4 of 9 cases). Except for a few cells in a poorly differentiated tumor, the reaction with squamous cell cancer was negative (n = 6). Staining with MOC-1 by an immunoperoxidase technique on imprints of biopsy specimens procured by rigid bronchoscopy was found to be a reliable and rapid method for diagnosing SCLC (16 of 17 positive). All cytologically proven bone marrow and pleural metastases of SCLC were found by staining on a cytospin preparation with MOC-1. Moreover, in three cytologically negative cases, MOC-1-positive cells were detected.
Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Smoking-Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1994)

A high dietary intake of n-3 fatty acids may protect cigarette smokers against COPD.
Understanding the rate-dependent J–V hysteresis, slow time component, and aging in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells: the role of a compensated electric field (2015)

Ionic displacement modifying the electric field in the device is found as most likely reason for the hysteresis which is examined by separating fast and slow processes and comparing devices with and without blocking layer.
Preparation and mass spectral behaviour of some 5β-cholenoic acids (1979)

Monounsaturated 5 beta-cholanoic acids with double bonds in rings A, B, and C were prepared by POCl3 and ZnCl2 dehydration from natural bile acids with selectively blocked hydroxyl functions. The yields ranged from 15 to 100%. The products were purified by thin-layer and AgNO3 thin-layer chromatography and the structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The methyl ester acetates of the unsaturated 5 beta-cholanoic acids possessed chromatographic properties closely similar to those of the corresponding saturated bile acids. Several characteristic fragments were seen in the mass spectra which, in conjunction with the chromatographic properties, permitted an unambiguous distinction between different monounsaturated acids, and between saturated and unsaturated bile acids of the same number and configuration of functional groups. The 20 5 beta-cholenoic acids examined represent all of the simple chemical and enzymatic dehydration products of natural bile acids and can be completely identified by their combined chromatographic and mass spectral properties.
Interferon γ and interleukin 6 modulate the susceptibility of macrophages to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (2000)

Abstract The effect of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) on infection of macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated. By using a polymerase chain reaction–based viral entry assay and viral infectivity assay, it was demonstrated that IL-6 and IFN-γ augmented susceptibility of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to infection with T-cell tropic CXCR4-utilizing (X4) HIV-1 strains. Consistent with this finding, IFN-γ and IL-6 augmented fusion of MDMs with T-tropic envelope-expressing cells. The enhanced fusion of cytokine-treated MDMs with T-tropic envelopes was inhibited by the CXCR4 ligand, SDF-1, and by T22 peptide. IFN-γ and IL-6 did not affect expression of surface CXCR4 or SDF-1–induced Ca++ flux in MDMs. In contrast to the effect of IFN-γ on the infection of MDMs with X4 strains, IFN-γ inhibited viral entry and productive infection of MDMs with macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1. Consistent with this finding, IFN-γ induced a decrease in fusion with M-tropic envelopes that correlated with a modest reduction in surface CCR5 and CD4 on MDMs. It was further demonstrated that macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-β secreted by cytokine-treated MDMs augmented their fusion with T-tropic–expressing cells and inhibited their fusion with M-tropic envelope-expressing cells. These data indicate that proinflammatory cytokines, which are produced during opportunistic infections or sexually transmitted diseases, may predispose macrophages to infection with X4 strains that, in turn, could accelerate disease progression.
Exploiting RDMA operations for Providing Efficient Fine-Grained Resource Monitoring in Cluster-based Servers (2006)

Efficiently capturing the resource usage in a shared server environment has been a critical research issue in the past several years. With the amount of resources used by each application becoming more and more divergent and unpredictable, the solution to this problem is becoming increasingly important. In the past, several researchers have come up with a number of techniques which rely on coarse-grained monitoring of resources in order to avoid the overheads associated with fine-grained monitoring. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead efficient fine-grained resource monitoring scheme using the advanced Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operation provided by RDMA-enabled interconnects such as InfiniBand (IBA). We evaluate the relative benefits of our approach against traditional approaches in various environments (including micro-benchmarks as well as real applications such as an auction server based on the RUBiS benchmark and the Ganglia distributed monitoring tool). Our results indicate that our approach for fine-grained monitoring can significantly improve the overall system utilization, thereby resulting in up to 25% improvement in the number of requests the cluster-system can admit
Localisation of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors in human atherosclerotic arteries (2004)

This study provides direct evidence of the presence of VEGF proteins and receptors in human physiology and pathology, with variations in both the amounts of VEGF proteins expressed and their cellular distribution in normal arteries compared with atherosclerotic arteries. The presence of VEGFs A-C and their receptors in normal arterial tissue implies that VEGF functions may extend beyond endothelial cell proliferation. Reduced VEGFR-2 staining in atherosclerotic arteries may have implications for the atherosclerosis process and the development of vascular disease and its complications.
Embedding the attribute information into a dithered image (1990)

Abstract Attribute information is indispensable data in the collection and storage of a large amount of image information. If these data are stored together with the image, handling of the materials would become simpler and more reliable. This paper proposes a method to embed the attribute information into a dither image by using the difference of the threshold values of the dither matrix when a multilevel image is binarized. This method can embed the attribute information of about 2 kbytes (equivalent to about 25 percent of the data for the image) into a dithered image of 256 × 256 pixels. The embedded information can be displayed or printed separately at any time. This method can restore the dither image almost perfectly by using the property of the ordered dither method.
New insights into the regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis. (1987)

It is apparent that multiple cellular stages and biologic processes can be identified during megakaryocytopoiesis that are potentially subject to control by hematopoietic growth factors and marrow accessory cell populations. Two classes of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, the colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) and the burst forming unit-megakaryocyte (BFU-MK), have now been detected in normal human bone marrow cells. The BFU-MK by virtue of the greater cellular content of its resultant colonies and the delayed time of appearance of these colonies appears to be a more primitive progenitor cell with a greater proliferative potential than the CFU-MK. A number of hematopoietic growth factors including megakaryocyte colony stimulating factor, (MK-CSF), recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are each capable of increasing cloning efficiency of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells. It is presently unknown whether these factors act directly on the CFU-MK or whether they stimulate marrow accessory cells to elaborate growth factors that influence CFU-MK proliferation. In order to answer this question, the effect of these growth factors on the cloning efficiency of a human megakaryocytic cell line, EST-IU, was examined. Each of these factors was capable of increasing leukemia cell colony formation. One can conclude from these studies that MK-CSF, EPO, and GM-CSF act directly on cells of the megakaryocytic lineage. The physiologic significance of the lineage nonspecific effects of EPO and GM-CSF on megakaryocytopoiesis is yet to be determined. On the basis of these observations, a model of human megakaryocytopoiesis was suggested. Several factors appear able to influence multiple steps in megakaryocytic development, whereas others influence only specific stages or cellular events occurring during megakaryocytopoiesis.
Intensive chemotherapy for peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (1992)

Forty-two patients with previously untreated peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) were treated with an intensive chemotherapy protocol. Either the BACOP or the m-BACOD regimen was used for induction. Patients achieving complete clinical remission after three courses were given intensive consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy similar to the L10/L17M protocol designed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Group for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. There were 27 (64 per cent) males and 15 (36 per cent) females. The median age was 54 years (mean 53, range 15 to 68). Seven of them (17 per cent) had stage I disease, four (10 per cent) stage II, seven (17 per cent) stage III and 24 (57 per cent) stage IV. Eighteen patients (43 per cent) had B symptoms and four (10 per cent) had bulky disease. According to the Working Formulation, the histology was diffuse mixed in 16 patients (38 per cent), diffuse large cell in 18 (43 per cent), diffuse immunoblastic in four (10 per cent) and unclassifiable in four (10 per cent). According to a modified Japanese Lymphoma Study Group's classification, the histology in 24 patients (57 per cent) was the pleomorphic type, in 13 (31 per cent) immunoblastic-lymphadenopathy-like (IBL-like), and in five (12 per cent) unclassifiable. The overall complete remission rate was 67 per cent. Twenty-five per cent of the complete responders relapsed and the DFS of the CR patients was 62 per cent at three years. The overall survival of all patients at three years was 52 per cent. Patients with stage I, II and III disease had significantly better CR rate (100 per cent versus 42 per cent, p = 0.001) and overall survival (82 per cent versus 35 per cent at three years, p = 0.01) than those with stage IV disease but the relapse rate and DFS of CR patients were similar. This study shows that the prognosis of patients with PTCL can be improved by intensive therapy.
Photo-based authentication using social networks (2008)

We present Lineup, a system that uses the social network graph in Facebook and auxiliary information (e.g., "tagged" user photos) to build a photo-based Web site authentication framework. Lineup's underlying mechanism leverages the concept of CAPTCHAs, programs that are designed to distinguish bots from human users. Lineup extends this functionality to help a Web site ascertain a user's identity or membership in a certain group (e.g., an interest group, invitees to a certain event) in order to infer some level of trust. Lineup works by presenting a user with photographs and asking the user to identify subjects in the photo whom a user with the appropriate identity or group membership should know. We present the design and implementation for Lineup, describe a preliminary prototype implementation, and discuss Lineup's security properties, including possible guarantees and threats.
Thermosensitive Kern‐Schale‐Partikel als Träger für Ag‐Nanopartikel: Steuerung der katalytischen Aktivität mithilfe des Phasenübergangs im Netzwerk (2005)

Nanoreaktoren: Metallnanopartikel müssen für Anwendungen in der Katalyse durch Trägersysteme gegen Aggregation stabilisiert werden. Ein solches System, ein thermosensitives Netzwerk aus Poly(N-isopropylacrylamid), das an einem Polystyrolkern angebracht ist, ermöglicht die Steuerung der katalytischen Aktivität von Nanopartikeln durch einen Phasenübergang und lässt sich als steuerbarer Nanoreaktor verwenden (siehe Schema).
Mechanism of Gold-Catalyzed Carbon Material Growth (2008)

We demonstrate that nanosized Au particles have carbon solubility. Au-catalyzed carbon material growth by chemical vapor deposition undergoes a structural change, either a carbon nanowire or a single-walled carbon nanotube, depending on the catalyst particle size. This carbon material growth from Au is derived by the formation of Au-C eutectic nanosized alloy.