gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholic Acid Derivatives as 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane Carriers:  Structure and Antimalarial and Antiproliferative Activity (2000)

Cholic acid-derived 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesized in order to explore the influence of steroid carrier on its antimalarial and antiproliferative activity in vitro. Starting with chiral ketones, cis and trans series of diastereomeric tetraoxanes were obtained, and the cis series was found to be approximately 2 times as active as the trans against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 clones. The same tendency was observed against human melanoma (Fem-X) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The amide C(24) termini, for the first time introduced into the carrier molecule of a tetraoxane pharmacophore, significantly enhanced both antimalarial and antiproliferative activity, as compared to the corresponding methyl esters, with cis-bis(N-propylamide) being most efficient against the chloroquine-susceptible D6 clone (IC(50) = 9.29 nM). cis- and trans-bis(N-propylamides) were also screened against PBMC, and PHA-stimulated PBMC, showing a cytotoxicity/antimalarial potency ratio of 1/10 000.
Estimating the absolute position of a mobile robot using position probability grids (1996)

In order to re-use existing models of the environment mobile robots must be able to estimate their position and orientation in such models. Most of the existing methods for position estimation are based on special purpose sensors or aim at tracking the robot’s position relative to the known starting point. This paper describes the position probability grid approach to estimating the robot’s absolute position and orientation in a metric model of the environment. Our method is designed to work with standard sensors and is independent of any knowledge about the starting point. It is a Bayesian approach based on certainty grids. In each cell of such a grid we store the probability that this cell refers to the current position of the robot. These probabilities are obtained by integrating the likelihoods of sensor readings over time. Results described in this paper show that our technique is able to reliably estimate the position of a robot in complex environments. Our approach has proven to be robust with respect to inaccurate environmental models, noisy sensors, and ambiguous situations.
An Approach for Analysis of Protein Toxins Based on Thin Films of Lipid Mixtures in an Optical Biosensor (2000)

Biological membrane-like lipid films were deposited on the sensing surface in an optical biosensor instrument. The membranes were mixtures of biologically occurring lipids. Eight surfaces were prepared, some of which contained various glycolipids as minor components. One was supplemented with membrane proteins. The binding of six protein toxins (cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit, diphtheria toxin, ricin, ricin B subunit, staphylococcal enterotoxin B) and of bovine serum albumin at pH 7.4 and pH 5.2 to each of the sensor surfaces was studied. Each of the seven proteins gave a distinct binding pattern. The assay is rapid and simple, with no need for reagents. The lipid sensor surface is readily regenerated after binding and very stable. The concept with mixed lipid layers and assays at different pHs gives numerous combinations and could be applicable for developing a sensor for protein toxins.
Prevalence of Back Pain in Pregnancy (1991)

The prevalence of back pain was studied in 855 pregnant women who were followed from the 12th week of pregnancy, every 2nd week, until childbirth. The 9-month period prevalence was 49%, with a point prevalence of 22-28% from the 12th week until delivery. Because 22% of the women had back pain at the 12th week of the pregnancy, the 6-month incidence was 27%. Based on pain drawings, back pain was classified into three groups: In one group, pain was localized to the sacroiliac areas and increased as pregnancy progressed; in the other two groups, pain either decreased or did not change, respectively. True sciatica with a dermatomal distribution occurred in only 10 women (1%). Back problems before pregnancy increased the risk of back pain, as did young age, multiparity, and several physical and psychological work factors.
Occurrence of unmodified adenine and uracil at the first position of anticodon in threonine tRNAs in Mycoplasma capricolum. (1987)

Codon usage pattern in the threonine four-codon (ACN) box in Mycoplasma capricolum is strongly biased towards adenine and uracil for the third base of codons. Codons ending in uracil or adenine, especially ACU, predominate over ACC and ACG. This bacterium contains two isoacceptor threonine tRNAs having anticodon sequences AGU and UGU, both with unmodified first nucleotides. It would thus appear that ACN codons are translated in an unusual way; tRNA(Thr)(AGU) would translate the most abundantly used codon ACU exclusively, because adenine at the first anticodon position can, according to the wobble rule, pair only with uracil of the third codon position. The tRNA(Thr)(UGU) would mainly be responsible for translation of three other codons, ACA, ACG, and ACC. Anticodon UGU would also be used for reading codon ACU as a redundancy of tRNA(Thr)-(AGU), as deduced from the mitochondrial code where unmodified uracil at the first anticodon position can pair with adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil by four-way wobble. The tRNA(Thr)(AGU) has much higher sequence homology to tRNA(Thr)(UGU) from M. capricolum (88%), Bacillus subtilis (77%) and Escherichia coli (86%) than to tRNA(Thr)(GGU) from B. subtilis (66%) and E. coli (63%), suggesting that tRNA(Thr)-(AGU) has been derived from tRNA(Thr)(UGU), but not from tRNA(Thr)(GGU).
213Bi-[DOTA0, Tyr3]Octreotide Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy of Pancreatic Tumors in a Preclinical Animal Model (2006)

213Bi-DOTATOC showed dose-related antitumor effects with minimal treatment-related organ toxicity. No acute or chronic hematologic toxicities were observed. Mild, acute nephrotoxicity was observed without evidence of chronic toxicity. 213Bi-DOTATOC is a promising therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for further evaluation.
Arabidopsis ecotypes and mutants that are recalcitrant to Agrobacterium root transformation are susceptible to germ‐line transformation (2000)

Germ-line transformation (vacuum infiltration) is frequently used to transform Arabidopsis thaliana using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We have recently identified several Arabidopsis ecotypes and T-DNA-tagged mutants that are recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cut root segments. Some of these ecotypes and mutants are deficient in their ability to bind bacteria. Some are deficient in T-DNA integration. We report here that using a germ-line transformation protocol we transformed these ecotypes and mutants, including attachment- and integration-defective Arabidopsis plants, with a frequency similar to that of highly susceptible wild-type plants. However, we could not transform otherwise highly susceptible Arabidopsis plants by germ-line or root transformation using several vir and attachment-deficient Agrobacterium mutants. These results indicate that certain plant factors important for transformation may exist in germ-line tissue but may be lacking in some somatic cells.
Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization (1994)

Article Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization Share on Authors: Ken Hinckley University of Virginia, Departments of Neurosurgery and Computer Science University of Virginia, Departments of Neurosurgery and Computer ScienceView Profile , Randy Pausch University of Virginia, University of Virginia, Computer Science University of Virginia, University of Virginia, Computer ScienceView Profile , John C. Goble University of Virginia, Departments of Neurosurgery University of Virginia, Departments of NeurosurgeryView Profile , Neal F. Kassell University of Virginia, Departments of Neurosurgery University of Virginia, Departments of NeurosurgeryView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '94: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsApril 1994 Pages 452–458https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191821Online:24 April 1994Publication History 192citation2,131DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations192Total Downloads2,131Last 12 Months132Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Grid-based online road model estimation for advanced driver assistance systems (2015)

The information about the road course and individual lanes is an important requirement in driver assistance systems and for automated driving applications. It is often stored in a highly accurate offline map so that the road and the lanes are known in advance. However, there exist situations where an offline map can become unusable or invalid. This paper presents a novel approach for a road model estimation solely based on online measurements from sensors mounted on the ego vehicle. It combines perception data like detected lane markings, the movement history of dynamic objects in the vehicle's environment and detected road boundaries into a grid-based road model. This approach allows for an estimation of the road model even when one source of information is not available and offers a redundant source of information about the road, which is necessary in critical applications such as automated driving. The presented approach was tested and evaluated with a prototype vehicle and real sensor data from German highway scenarios.
Efficient Cancer Therapy with a Nanobody-Based Conjugate (2004)

Nanobodies are the smallest fragments of naturally occurring single-domain antibodies that have evolved to be fully functional in the absence of a light chain. Nanobodies are strictly monomeric, very stable, and highly soluble entities. We identified a nanobody with subnanomolar affinity for the human tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen. This nanobody was conjugated to Enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase, and its site-selective anticancer prodrug activation capacity was evaluated. The conjugate was readily purified in high yields without aggregation or loss of functionality of the constituents. In vitro experiments showed that the nanobody-enzyme conjugate effectively activated the release of phenylenediamine mustard from the cephalosporin nitrogen mustard prodrug 7-(4-carboxybutanamido) cephalosporin mustard at the surface of carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing LS174T cancer cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that the conjugate had an excellent biodistribution profile and induced regressions and cures of established tumor xenografts. The easy generation and manufacturing yield of nanobody-based conjugates together with their potent antitumor activity make nanobodies promising vehicles for new generation cancer therapeutics.
Structural organization of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in purified membranes. (1984)

The structural organization of crystalline, membrane-bound (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was studied by negative staining and thin sectioning. The enzyme molecules were induced to form crystalline arrays within fragments of membrane by incubation in defined ionic conditions. The enzyme remained fully active after crystallization. Negative staining and computer processing of images of the crystalline specimens identified two discrete crystalline arrays. The dimensions of the unit cell of one of the arrays were large enough to accommodate an alpha beta protomer; those of the other array, an (alpha beta)2 diprotomer . Thin sections of the crystalline fraction contained a unique membrane complex that was formed from two apposed plasma membranes. The paired membranes in this complex were separated by a center-to-center space of 15 nm containing evenly spaced septa that connected the membrane surfaces; the overall thickness of the entire structure was 22-25 nm. The agglutinin from Ricinus communis, a lectin that binds to the carbohydrate moiety of the beta-subunit of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, decorated the free surfaces of the complex. Therefore, this complex of paired membranes is the result of interactions between the cytoplasmic domains of the enzyme. From measurements of the dimensions of these structures, we estimate the overall length of the enzyme to be approximately 11.5 nm along the axis perpendicular to the plane of the membrane, and the molecular protrudes more (approximately 5 nm) on the cytoplasmic surface than on the extracytoplasmic surface (approximately 2 nm).
Adjuvanticity of α2-Macroglobulin, an Independent Ligand for the Heat Shock Protein Receptor CD91 (2001)

We recently have identified CD91 as a receptor for the heat shock protein gp96. CD91 was identified initially as a receptor for alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M). Gp96 and alpha(2)M are both ligands for CD91. Because gp96-chaperoned peptides can prime CD8(+) T cell responses and are re-presented by APCs, we tested alpha(2)M for similar properties. Our studies show that alpha(2)M binds peptides in vitro and that the peptides, chaperoned by alpha(2)M, efficiently prime peptide-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in mice immunized with alpha(2)M-peptide complexes. Furthermore, peptides chaperoned by alpha(2)M, like those chaperoned by gp96, can be re-presented by CD91(+) APCs on their MHC I molecules. These studies demonstrate that alpha(2)M molecules, like the heat shock protein molecules, are T cell adjuvants that can channel exogenous Ags into the endogenous pathway of Ag presentaion. The remarkable similarities between an intracellular chaperone and an extracellular serum chaperone may have interesting physiological ramifications.
Chaperone Coexpression Plasmids: Differential and Synergistic Roles of DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES in Assisting Folding of an Allergen of Japanese Cedar Pollen, Cryj2, in Escherichia coli (1998)

Plasmids that can be used for controlled expression of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and/or GroEL-GroES chaperone team were constructed in order to facilitate assessment of the effects of these chaperone teams on folding or assembly or recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. A typical pACYC184-based plasmid which was obtained could express the major DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroEL-GroES chaperone teams from separate promoters when L-arabinose and tetracycline, respectively, were added in a dose-dependent fashion. The model protein used to determine whether this system was useful was an allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, Cryj2, which was unstable when it was produced in E. coli K-12. The effects of chaperone coexpression on the folding, aggregation, and stability of Cryj2 were examined in the wild type and in several mutant bacteria. Coexpression of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and/or GroEL-GroES chaperone team at appropriate levels resulted in marked stabilization and accumulation of Cryj2 without extensive aggregation. Experiments performed with mutants that lack each of the chaperone proteins (DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE, GroEL, and GroES) or heat shock transcription factor sigma 32 revealed that both chaperone teams are critically involved in Cryj2 folding but that they are involved in distinct ways. In addition, it was observed that the two chaperone teams have synergistic roles in preventing aggregation of Cryj2 in the absence of sigma 32 at certain temperatures.
Numerical simulation of high-speed impacts involving metallic and non-metallic materials (2017)

High-speed impacts such as ballistic and hurricane debris can cause severe damages due to the high kinetic energies in the impacting objects. A good understanding of the mechanism of high-speed impacts can help develop impact-resistant or protective systems. Experimental studies of high-speed impact problem, though valid and useful, are often limited and challenged by the large, nonlinear deformations and contacts involved in such problems. To this end, physical experiments are best used as a validation tool rather than an exploration tool for new system designs. In this study, nonlinear finite element simulations are performed to evaluate the response of metallic materials (e.g. steels) and nonmetallic materials (e.g. woven fabrics) under high-speed impacts. In addition, the effects of layered structures of different types of materials as well as layer configurations are investigated.
Active transport of γ-aminobutyric acid by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brain (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive transport of γ-aminobutyric acid by membrane vesicles isolated from rat brainBaruch I. KannerCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 7, 1207–1211Publication Date (Print):April 4, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 4 April 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00600a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations227LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (622 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Contribution of cathepsin L to secretome composition and cleavage pattern of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (2011)

Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomal membranes represents a key technique in enabling functional analysis under well-defined conditions. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to selected methods that have been developed to determine membrane protein orientation after reconstitution in liposomes, including approaches based on proteolytic digestion with proteases, site-specific labeling, fluorescence quenching and activity assays. In addition, we briefly highlight new strategies based on single vesicle analysis to address the problem of sample heterogeneity.
CT number distribution and its association with local control and as a marker of lung tumor response to radiation (1998)

An early noninvasive indicator of tumor response to therapy and the ability to predict clinical outcome may potentially enhance disease management. Currently, however, tumor response to therapy is often delayed, potentially compromising disease management. We examined the computed tomography (CT) number or Hounsfield unit distribution to follow lung tumor response to radiation treatment. To help interpret the results, we examined whether the CT number distribution follows a simple two-component model. The CT number distribution was derived from a CT-simulator for 11 patients with lung cancer before and after the initial radiation treatment (1–1.5 months, average 3,407 cGy). Clinical outcomes were followed in 8 patients who received 5,580–6,660 cGy. All patients were scanned serially, using identical radiation imaging parameters (voltage, current, scan time, and slice thickness) in a CT-simulator. The lung tumors were digitally contoured, and software windows were applied to avoid inclusion of lung tissue in the analysis. Histograms and statistical analysis of the CT numbers for the tumor were generated. Radiation-induced CT number or Hounsfield unit (HU) shifts exceeding a threshold (13 HU) in lung tumors were associated with (P = 0.04) local control (⩾10 months). Initial lung tumor size (below 100 cm3) was less well-associated with local control (P = 0.26). The change in standard deviation of the CT numbers (derived from the more careful contouring and using software windows) induced by radiation treatment correlated with the change in average CT number (R2 = 0.71). The change in standard deviation did not correlate with a change in tumor volume (R2 = 0.02). Radiation treatments reduced the average CT number (P < 0.001). In summary, radiation reduces the CT number and this reduction may be associated with local control at 10 months. A two-component model is consistent with lung tumor number distribution and its response to radiation. Radiat. Oncol. Invest. 6:281–288, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Increased DNA binding and sequence discrimination of PNA oligomers containing 2,6-diaminopurine (1997)

The synthesis of a diaminopurine PNA monomer, N-[N6-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2,6-diaminopurine-9-yl] acetyl-N-(2-t-butyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)glycine, and the incorporation of this monomer into PNA oligomers are described. Substitution of adenine by diaminopurine in PNA oligomers increased the T m of duplexes formed with complementary DNA, RNA or PNA by 2.5-6.5 degrees C per diaminopurine. Furthermore, discrimination against mismatches facing the diaminopurine in the hybridizing oligomer is improved. Finally, a homopurine decamer PNA containing six diaminopurines is shown to form a (gel shift) stable strand displacement complex with a target in a 246 bp double-stranded DNA fragment.
Free Energy Calculations by Computer Simulation (1987)

A fundamental problem in chemistry and biochemistry is understanding the role of solvation in determining molecular properties. Recent advances in statistical mechanical theory and molecular dynamics methodology can be used to solve this problem with the aid of supercomputers. By using these advances the free energies of solvation of all the chemical classes of amino acid side chains, four nucleic acid bases and other organic molecules can be calculated. The effect of a site-specific mutation on the stability of trypsin is predicted. The results are in good agreement with available experiments.
High-performance code generation for stencil computations on GPU architectures (2012)

Stencil computations arise in many scientific computing domains, and often represent time-critical portions of applications. There is significant interest in offloading these computations to high-performance devices such as GPU accelerators, but these architectures offer challenges for developers and compilers alike. Stencil computations in particular require careful attention to off-chip memory access and the balancing of work among compute units in GPU devices.