gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of 2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and related compounds through carbanion reactions at the 2-methyl group (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctionalization of 2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and related compounds through carbanion reactions at the 2-methyl groupTerry L. Rathman, Mark C. Sleevi, Marie E. Krafft, and James F. WolfeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 11, 2169–2176Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01299a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01299a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vascular access in neonates and infants--indications, routes, techniques and devices, complications. (1995)

Venous cannulation has been in regular use in neonates since the 1940s. This was at first through the umbilical vein, but the frequency of complications lead to other central and peripheral routes being used for infusion of fluid, nutrients and drugs. Today, peripheral venous access is preferred except for high volume fluid resuscitation, reliable infusion of irritant drugs and long-term parenteral nutrition. Intraosseous infusion provides a reliable alternative to peripheral veins for rapid infusion of fluid. Long, thin silastic catheters can be inserted through a peripheral venous cannulae for parenteral nutrition or other central venous infusions as an alternative to direct central venous cannulation using the Seldinger or other techniques. Broviac or Hickman catheters, inserted through a subcutaneous tunnel are only considered when central venous cannulation is likely to be needed for more than six weeks. The most common serious complication of vascular access is infection. Infection associated with central venous catheters is reduced by prophylactic vancomycin or teicoplanin. Other complications of central venous infusion are associated with cannulae malpositioning, bleeding and thrombosis. Distal hypoperfusion may follow arterial cannulation. Modern emergency and intensive care paediatrics is impossible without adequate venous and arterial vascular access. However no other skill for neonatal intensive care causes more anxiety in primary care providers or is more difficult to teach.
The Compensatory Reserve Index Following Injury (2016)

Introduction: Humans are able to compensate for significant blood loss with little change in traditional vital signs. We hypothesized that an algorithm, which recognizes compensatory changes in photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms, could detect active bleeding and ongoing volume loss in injured patients. Methods: Injured adults were prospectively enrolled at a level I trauma center. PPG data collection was conducted using a custom-made pulse oximeter. Waveform data were post-processed by an algorithm to calculate the compensatory reserve index (CRI), measured on a scale of 1 to 0, with 1 indicating fully compensated and 0 indicating no reserve, or decompensation. CRI was compared to clinical findings. Results: Fifty patients were enrolled in the study; 3 had incomplete data, 3 had indeterminate bleeding, 12 were actively bleeding, and 32 were not bleeding. The mean initial CRI of bleeding patients was significantly lower compared with the non-bleeding patients (CRI 0.17, 95% CI = 0.13–0.22 vs. CRI 0.56, 95% CI = 0.49–0.62, P < 0.001). Using a cut-off of 0.21 had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.83 for identifying bleeding patients. CRI had a higher sensitivity than heart rate (75%), systolic blood pressure (63%), shock index (27%), base deficit (29%), lactate (80%), hemoglobin (50%), and hematocrit (50%). During ongoing bleeding, CRI decreased following fluid resuscitation, and conversely increased for patients who were not bleeding. Conclusions: A novel computational algorithm that recognizes subtle changes in PPG waveforms can quickly and noninvasively discern which patients are actively bleeding and continuing to bleed with high sensitivity and specificity in acutely injured patients.
Simple spectrophotometric quantification of urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycan sulfates. (1986)

We describe a simple, rapid, precise, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for measuring urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfate excretion. The GAG sulfates are precipitated with cetylpyridinium chloride, resuspended in water, and mixed with the basic dye 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue to produce a complex with the polyanionic molecule of sulfated GAGs. Absorbance is read at 535 nm. The standard curve for reaction was linear up to 12 micrograms of the different GAGs: dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Within- and between-run precision (CV), measured at three different GAG concentrations (normal and pathological), varied from 1.6% to 2.5% and from 1.8% to 4.5%, respectively. Analytical recovery ranged from 71% to 107%. Urinary GAG excretion, measured by this procedure, correlates (r = 0.837; p less than 0.001) with the values obtained with the borate-carbazole reaction (Anal Biochem 1962;4:330-4).
Stable Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes as Rigid or Flexible, Bulky, Electron‐Rich Ligands for Transition‐Metal Catalysts: A Quaternary Carbon Atom Makes the Difference (2005)

Like NHCs? Not quite: Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) are strong σ-donors and have steric environments that differ dramatically from those of bulky, electron-rich phosphines (A) and cyclic diaminocarbenes (B). These readily available carbenes are desirable ligands for catalysis, as illustrated by the first palladium-mediated α-arylation of ketones and aldehydes with non-activated aryl chlorides at ambient temperature.
Proarrhythmic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Revealed in an In Vitro Coculture Model (2006)

Our results suggest that mixtures of MSCs and NRVMs can produce an arrhythmogenic substrate. The mechanism of reentry is probably increased tissue heterogeneity resulting from electric coupling of inexcitable MSCs with myocytes.
Exploiting the Compromised Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Function of Tumor Cells (2006)

Aneuploidy is a frequent property of cancer cells that arises as a consequence of chromosomal instability (CIN). A major safeguard mechanism protecting cells from CIN is the spindle assembly checkpoint. This checkpoint surveys proper attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and effectively suppresses erroneous chromosome segregation by delaying mitotic progression until proper spindle-chromosome interactions have been established. Several lines of evidence suggest that the development of aneuploidy may be a gradual process that in many cases could result from subtle spindle checkpoint defects that occur during tumorgenesis and steadily weaken spindle checkpoint function. Here we discuss the evidence for this concept and address the question whether normal somatic cells and tumor cells could perhaps exhibit differences in spindle checkpoint regulation that allow the design of more specific anti-tumor strategies that effectively kill tumor cells but spare normal cells.
EPITHELIAL CELL PENETRATION AS AN ESSENTIAL STEP IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF BACILLARY DYSENTERY (1964)

LaBrec, Eugene H., Herman Schneider, Thomas J. Magnani, and Samuel B. Formal. Epithelial cell penetration as an essential step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. J. Bacteriol. 88:1503-1518. 1964.-A parent strain of Shigella flexneri 2a and a colonial mutant derived from it were studied in three animal models. Both strains were equally virulent for mice when living cells suspended in hog gastric mucin were injected by the intraperitoneal route. Feeding the parent strain to starved guinea pigs, followed by the intraperitoneal injection of opium, resulted in the formation of ulcerative lesions in the intestinal tract and in the death of these animals. When the colonial variant was fed to similarly prepared animals, the animals survived and the intestinal tract remained normal. The parent produced diarrheal symptoms and intestinal lesions after its oral administration to rhesus monkeys; the variant caused neither symptoms nor pathology in this species. Studies were carried out to define the characteristics present in the parent strain and absent in the colonial mutant, which would enable the parent to produce ulcerative lesions of the bowel and death in the guinea pig model or intestinal lesions and diarrheal symptoms in the monkey. Neither serological studies nor growth studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo offered a clue to explain this difference. The virulent parent strain was shown to penetrate the bowel epithelium and enter the lamina propria; the avirulent mutant did not do this. Entrance to the lamina propria was by way of the epithelial cell of the mucosa. The avirulent mutant did not possess the capacity to penetrate this cell. This observation was extended to show that the virulent parent possesses the ability to infect and multiply within HeLa cells; furthermore, the organisms are able to penetrate epithelial cells of the guinea pig cornea, causing ulcerative lesions. The avirulent variant possesses neither of these capacities. It is suggested that epithelial cell penetration is a major factor in determining the pathogenicity of dysentery bacilli.
Ethanol production from cellobiose, amorphous cellulose, and crystalline cellulose by recombinant Klebsiella oxytoca containing chromosomally integrated Zymomonas mobilis genes for ethanol production and plasmids expressing thermostable cellulase genes from Clostridium thermocellum (1992)

The Zymomonas mobilis genes for ethanol production have been integrated into the chromosome of Klebsiella oxytoca M5A1. The best of these constructs, strain P2, produced ethanol efficiently from cellobiose in addition to monomeric sugars. Utilization of cellobiose and cellotriose by this strain eliminated the requirement for external beta-glucosidase and reduced the amount of commercial cellulase needed to ferment Solka Floc SW40 (primarily crystalline cellulose). The addition of plasmids encoding endoglucanases from Clostridium thermocellum resulted in the intracellular accumulation of thermostable enzymes as coproducts with ethanol during fermentation. The best of these, strain P2(pCT603T) containing celD, was used to hydrolyze amorphous cellulose to cellobiose and produce ethanol in a two-stage process. Strain P2(pCT603T) was also tested in combination with commercial cellulases. Pretreatment of Solka Floc SW40 at 60 degrees C with endoglucanase D substantially reduced the amount of commercial cellulase required to ferment Solka Floc. The stimulatory effect of the endoglucanase D pretreatment may result from the hydrolysis of amorphous regions, exposing additional sites for attack by fungal cellulases. Since endoglucanase D functions as part of a complex in C. thermocellum, it is possible that this enzyme may complex with fungal enzymes or bind cellulose to produce a more open structure for hydrolysis.
Plant growth-promoting activities of Streptomyces spp. in sorghum and rice (2013)

Five strains of Streptomyces (CAI-24, CAI-121, CAI-127, KAI-32 and KAI-90) were earlier reported by us as biological control agents against Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC). In the present study, the Streptomyces were characterized for enzymatic activities, physiological traits and further evaluated in greenhouse and field for their plant growth promotion (PGP) of sorghum and rice. All the Streptomyces produced lipase, β-1-3-glucanase and chitinase (except CAI-121 and CAI-127), grew in NaCl concentrations of up to 6%, at pH values between 5 and 13 and temperatures between 20 and 40°C and were highly sensitive to Thiram, Benlate, Captan, Benomyl and Radonil at field application level. When the Streptomyces were evaluated in the greenhouse on sorghum all the isolates significantly enhanced all the agronomic traits over the control. In the field, on rice, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced stover yield (up to 25%; except CAI-24), grain yield (up to 10%), total dry matter (up to 18%; except CAI-24) and root length, volume and dry weight (up to 15%, 36% and 55%, respectively, except CAI-24) over the control. In the rhizosphere soil, the Streptomyces significantly enhanced microbial biomass carbon (except CAI-24), nitrogen, dehydrogenase (except CAI-24), total N, available P and organic carbon (up to 41%, 52%, 75%, 122%, 53% and 13%, respectively) over the control. This study demonstrates that the selected Streptomyces which were antagonistic to FOC also have PGP properties.
Meta Halogenation of 1,3-Disubstituted Arenes via Iridium-Catalyzed Arene Borylation (2007)

We report the meta halogenation of 1,3-disubstituted arenes to form 3,5-disubstituted aryl bromides and chlorides by using iridium-catalyzed arene borylation chemistry. Iridium-catalyzed borylation of arenes with B2pin2, followed by reaction of the boronic ester with copper(II) bromide or chloride converts arylboronic esters to the corresponding aryl halides. A variety of arenes containing alkoxy, alkyl, halogen, nitrile, ester, amide, and pivaloyl and TIPS-protected alcohols were converted to the corresponding 3,5-disubstituted aryl bromides and chlorides in yields ranging from 46% to 85%. In addition, 2,6-disubstituted and 3-substituted pyridines were converted to the 4-halo and 5-halopyridines, respectively. The utility of this methodology was demonstrated by the formal conversion of nicotine to Altinicline in three steps with an overall yield of 61% using meta bromination of nicotine as the first step.
[Cytokine storm in the pathogenesis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome associated with surgical insults]. (1996)

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a critical condition developing in the patients under overwhelming surgical insults such as a major surgery, severe trauma, extensive burn, and systemic sepsis. The host response to those surgical insults is the main pathogenetic factor contributing to the development of shock and MODS seen in surgical patients. The proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1), are known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of MODS. In response to surgical insults, macrophages produce and release TNF and IL-1 which subsequently induce the production of other cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, etc.) and other endogenous chemical mediators (growth factors, adhesion molecules, complement cleavage products, thrombin, eicosanoids, PAF, nitric oxides, oxygen-free radicals, granulocyte elastase, etc.) The resultant systemic inflammation may develop into shock and MODS when the primary insults are overwhelming (early MODS) or a second inflammatory insult such as sepsis triggers an exaggerated inflammation. In the patients suffering from MODS, a systemic release of various cytokines is not properly regulated, and the high blood levels of the proinflammatory cytokines induce an autodestructive generalized inflammatory reaction. This condition is termed "Cytokine Storm" by the author. In the cytokine storm, not only proinflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in the blood stream. With the recent understanding of the biological and pathological roles of cytokines and other mediators, a new therapeutic strategy has been developed. In addition to the reduction of the surgical insults, a variety of anti-cytokine therapy and anti-mediator therapy has been tested in an attempt to prevent or treat the life-threatening MODS.
Intermolecular Interactions in Nonorganic Crystal Engineering (2000)

The utilization of noncovalent interactions to construct molecular crystals is evaluated in the context of inorganic and organometallic crystal engineering. The attention is focused on hydrogen-bonding interactions involving metal complexes in which the metal atoms participate in the bonding either directly or as ancillary systems. The role of ionic charges is discussed. It is shown, inter alia, that reproducible and transferable crystal synthesis strategies based on charge-assisted hydrogen bonds can be devised to build periodical supermolecules.
Multicolored Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes (2014)

Bright organic/inorganic hybrid perov-skite light-emitting diodes (PrLEDs) are realized by using CH3 NH3 PbBr3 as an emitting layer and self-organized buffer hole-injection layer (Buf-HIL). The PrLEDs show high luminance, current efficiency, and EQE of 417 cd m(-2) , 0.577 cd A(-1) , and 0.125%, respectively. Buf-HIL can facilitate hole injection into CH3 NH3 PbBr3 as well as block exciton quenching.
Densifying One Permutation Hashing via Rotation for Fast Near Neighbor Search (2014)

The query complexity of locality sensitive hash-ing (LSH) based similarity search is dominated by the number of hash evaluations, and this num-ber grows with the data size (Indyk &amp;amp; Motwani, 1998). In industrial applications such as search where the data are often high-dimensional and binary (e.g., text n-grams), minwise hashing is widely adopted, which requires applying a large number of permutations on the data. This is costly in computation and energy-consumption. In this paper, we propose a hashing technique which generates all the necessary hash evalu-ations needed for similarity search, using one single permutation. The heart of the proposed hash function is a “rotation ” scheme which den-sifies the sparse sketches of one permutation hashing (Li et al., 2012) in an unbiased fash-ion thereby maintaining the LSH property. This makes the obtained sketches suitable for hash ta-ble construction. This idea of rotation presented in this paper could be of independent interest for densifying other types of sparse sketches. Using our proposed hashing method, the query time of a (K,L)-parameterized LSH is reduced from the typical O(dKL) complexity to merely O(KL + dL), where d is the number of nonze-ros of the data vector,K is the number of hashes in each hash table, and L is the number of hash tables. Our experimental evaluation on real data confirms that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the query processing time over minwise hashing without loss in retrieval accuracies. 1.
Study of Receptor-Mediated Neurotoxins Released by HIV-1-Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes Found in Human Brain (1996)

Although there is growing evidence that neurotoxic molecules produced by HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocytes damage neurons, the precise mechanisms of neuronal attack remain uncertain. One class of cytotoxin involves neuronal injury mediated via the NMDA receptor. We examined blood monocytes and brain mononuclear cells isolated at autopsy from HIV-1-infected individuals for the ability to release NMDA-like neuron-killing factors. We found that a neurotoxic amine, NTox, was produced by blood monocytes and by brain mononuclear phagocytes infected with retrovirus. In vivo injections of minute quantities of NTox produced selective damage to hippocampal pyramidal neurons. NTox can be extracted directly from brain tissues infected with HIV-1 and showed structural features similar to wasp and spider venoms. In contrast to NTox, HIV-1 infection did not increase the release of the NMDA excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) from mononuclear cells. Although we found modest elevations of QUIN in the CSF of HIV-1-infected individuals, the increases were likely attributable to entry through damaged blood-brain barrier. Taken together, our data pinpoint NTox, rather than QUIN, as a major NMDA receptor-directed toxin associated with neuro-AIDS.
Copper-Catalyzed β-Boration of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds:  Rate Acceleration by Alcohol Additives (2006)

[reaction: see text] The efficient addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with a copper-diphosphine catalyst has been carried out. A dramatic rate acceleration of the reaction was realized by adding alcohol additives. With use of this procedure, a variety of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds including conjugated substrates at the acid oxidation level such as esters and nitriles were reacted to give to the corresponding beta-boryl carbonyl compounds in high yields.
A programmable axonal propagation delay circuit for time-delay spiking neural networks (2011)

We present an implementation of a programmable axonal propagation delay circuit which uses one first-order log-domain low-pass filter. Delays may be programmed in the 5-50ms range. It is designed to be a building block for time-delay spiking neural networks. It consists of a leaky-integrate-and-fire core, a spike generator circuit, and a delay adaptation circuit.
Arbitrarily primed PCR, ribotyping, and plasmid pattern analysis applied to investigation of a nosocomial outbreak due to Enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit (1994)

In December 1992, Enterobacter cloacae was isolated from the oropharynx and respiratory tract of six ventilated neonates hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital. To establish the spread of the outbreak, 41 strains of E. cloacae were analyzed for genotypic markers by three methods: plasmid profile analysis, ribotyping with EcoRI or PvuII endonuclease, and arbitrarily primed (AP) PCR. The tested strains included 12 isolates from the 6 epidemic cases, 4 isolates from the respiratory tract of 4 children hospitalized in other wards during the same period, 13 isolates from 12 children hospitalized in pediatric units before or after the outbreak, and 12 epidemiologically unrelated isolates. Ribotyping and AP PCR demonstrated that each of the last 12 strains exhibited distinct genomic patterns, as did each of the strains isolated from neonates hospitalized before or after the epidemic peak. Conversely, two clones of strains were found among the isolates recovered in December, with concordant results being obtained by the three typing methods: the first clone included seven strains from five ventilated children in the ICU and two children from another ward; another clone was shared by one neonate in the ICU and an infant from another ward. These results indicate that ribotyping and AP PCR-the latter applied, to our knowledge, for the first time to the genotypic analysis of E. cloacae--represent very discriminatory tools for the investigation of nosocomial outbreaks caused by this species.