gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin F2 alpha effects on isolated rhesus monkey ciliary muscle. (1995)

The relaxation of precontracted ciliary muscle by PGF2 alpha may help explain how a single topical dose of this prostanoid increases uveoscleral outflow and antagonizes resting myopia in the living monkey.
Chymotrypsin Responsive Hydrogel:  Application of a Disulfide Exchange Protocol for the Preparation of Methacrylamide Containing Peptides (2005)

Methacrylamide groups were selectively coupled to cysteine residues in the presence of amines and alcohols by utilizing a disulfide exchange reaction in aqueous, acidic buffer. The tetrapeptide sequence, CYKC, was used as a cross-linker to create poly(acrylamide) hydrogels that dissolved when subjected to either a flowing or stationary solution of alpha-chymotrypsin. Control hydrogels that were cross-linked with the tetrapeptide, CSKC, were not affected by the same protease solution. In contrast, dissolution of both the CYKC and CSKC cross-linked hydrogel structures was accomplished by using the disulfide reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP). The chemoselective conjugation technique described could have utility for more advanced protease-responsive hydrogels as well as other hybrid materials composed of synthetic and biomacromolecules.
Unprecedented Iron‐Catalyzed Ester Hydrogenation. Mild, Selective, and Efficient Hydrogenation of Trifluoroacetic Esters to Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iron Pincer Complex (2014)

The synthetically important, environmentally benign hydrogenation of esters to alcohols has been accomplished in recent years only with precious-metal-based catalysts. Here we present the first iron-catalyzed hydrogenation of esters to the corresponding alcohols, proceeding selectively and efficiently in the presence of an iron pincer catalyst under remarkably mild conditions.
Toward production of jet fuel functionality in oilseeds: identification of FatB acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases and evaluation of combinatorial expression strategies inCamelinaseeds (2015)

Seeds of members of the genus Cuphea accumulate medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs; 8:0-14:0). MCFA- and palmitic acid- (16:0) rich vegetable oils have received attention for jet fuel production, given their similarity in chain length to Jet A fuel hydrocarbons. Studies were conducted to test genes, including those from Cuphea, for their ability to confer jet fuel-type fatty acid accumulation in seed oil of the emerging biofuel crop Camelina sativa. Transcriptomes from Cuphea viscosissima and Cuphea pulcherrima developing seeds that accumulate >90% of C8 and C10 fatty acids revealed three FatB cDNAs (CpuFatB3, CvFatB1, and CpuFatB4) expressed predominantly in seeds and structurally divergent from typical FatB thioesterases that release 16:0 from acyl carrier protein (ACP). Expression of CpuFatB3 and CvFatB1 resulted in Camelina oil with capric acid (10:0), and CpuFatB4 expression conferred myristic acid (14:0) production and increased 16:0. Co-expression of combinations of previously characterized Cuphea and California bay FatBs produced Camelina oils with mixtures of C8-C16 fatty acids, but amounts of each fatty acid were less than obtained by expression of individual FatB cDNAs. Increases in lauric acid (12:0) and 14:0, but not 10:0, in Camelina oil and at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols resulted from inclusion of a coconut lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase specialized for MCFAs. RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of Camelina β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II, however, reduced 12:0 in seeds expressing a 12:0-ACP-specific FatB. Camelina lines presented here provide platforms for additional metabolic engineering targeting fatty acid synthase and specialized acyltransferases for achieving oils with high levels of jet fuel-type fatty acids.
Mesencephalic type 1 astrocytes rescue dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation (1994)

We have established a primary neuronal culture of the embryonic day 14 rat, ventral mesencephalic region, centered on the A8, A9, and A10 dopaminergic nuclei (approximately 1.0 mm3 of tissue). At 16 hr after plating on a substrate of poly-D-lysine, in a serum-free or serum-supplemented growth medium, using a microisland culturing method, 95% of the cells stained positive for neuron-specific enolase, 20% for tyrosine hydroxylase, and < 5% for vimentin. When the growth medium was supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, the percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the 7th and 10th days in culture, compared with the percentage present at 16 hr after plating. When cultured in a serum-free growth medium, the percentage of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons decreased to < 5% and to 0% by the 5th and 7th days, respectively, while the percentage of GABA-IR neurons increased. The addition of serum to the serum-free culture rescued dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation. The effect of serum was dependent both on the time of addition after plating, and on the percentage added. When the cells were plated in a serum-free medium, on a confluent, type 1 astrocyte monolayer, prepared from the ventral mesencephalon of the embryonic day 16 rat, the survival of dopaminergic neurons increased significantly (p < 0.01) at DIV5, versus survival after plating on poly-D-lysine. Conditioned medium prepared from the same mesencephalic type 1 astrocyte monolayer also rescued dopaminergic neurons from death. The rescue mediated by the astrocyte monolayer or the conditioned medium was not inhibited by the mitotic inhibitor cytosine arabino furanoside (1.0 microM). Type 1 astrocyte monolayers and conditioned media prepared from the striatum and cerebral cortex of the embryonic day 16 rat had weaker trophic effects than those mediated by mesencephalic glia. We conclude that serum deprivation causes the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in a primary culture of the rat E14 ventral mesencephalon. Type 1 astrocytes or the conditioned medium from type 1 astrocytes can rescue dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Bi-directional path tracing (1993)

In this paper we present a new Monte Carlo rendering algorithm that seamlessly integrates the ideas of
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor promotes endothelial cell survival through the activation of Akt/protein kinase B. (2001)

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor (KSHV-GPCR) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma, playing a central role in the promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-driven angiogenesis and spindle cell proliferation. We previously have shown that KSHV-GPCR has oncogenic potential when overexpressed in fibroblasts and is responsible for the expression and secretion of VEGF through the regulation of different intracellular signaling pathways (A. Sodhi et al., Cancer Res., 60: 4873-4880, 2000; C. Bais et al., Nature, 391: 86-89, 1998). Here, we describe that this constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor is able to promote cell survival in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and that this effect is independent of its ability to secrete VEGF because it is not prevented by the expression of antisense constructs for VEGF or the addition of VEGF-blocking antibodies. Instead we found that ectopic expression of KSHV-GPCR potently induces the kinase activity of Akt/protein kinase B in a dose-dependent manner and triggers its translocation to the plasma membrane. This signaling pathway requires the function of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and is dependent on betagamma subunits released from both pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive G proteins. Furthermore, we found that KSHV-GPCR is able to protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells from the apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and that both wortmannin and the expression of a kinase-deficient Akt K179M mutant are able to block this effect. Finally, we observed that the Akt K179M protein also inhibits the activation of nuclear factor-KB induced by KSHV-GPCR, suggesting that this transcription factor may represent one of the putative downstream targets for Akt in the survival-signaling pathway. These results provide further knowledge in the elucidation of the signal transduction pathways activated by KSHV-GPCR and support its key role in promoting the survival of viral-infected cells. Moreover, the present findings also emphasize the importance of this G protein-coupled receptor in the development of KSHV-related neoplasias.
Rapeseed genetic research to improve its agronomic performance and seed quality (2007)

Rapeseed (canola) is the major Canadian oilseed and average annual production was 6,871,600 metric t for the 10-year period 1996-2005. Brassica napus is the only species grown, and only summer annual forms are cultivated in the short season areas of the western Canadian prairie. About 70% of the total production is exported, either as seed (50%) or oil (20%). We utilized inter-specific crosses between B. napus and related species to improve the disease resistance and seed quality of B. napus. We produced yellow-seed forms of B. napus from crosses with B. rapa and B. juncea which have higher seed oil content, and lower meal fiber content to improve the feed value of the meal. We also produced germplasm with high oleic/low linolenic acid content to improve the nutritional value of canola oil as well as its technological qualities for use in the production of solid fats without trans fatty acids. The content of saturated fats in canola oil was reduced to less than 5% of total fatty acids. Inter-specific methodology was also successful in the development of B. juncea mustard as an edible oilseed crop with high yield, disease resistance and seed quality for production in the semiarid regions of the Canadian prairie. This paper will describe the crossing approaches used to develop this germplasm and discuss future research activities for canola improvement.
Total chemical synthesis of enzymes (2003)

The total synthesis, at will, of a wide variety of protein and enzyme molecules is made feasible by modem chemical ligation methods. As Emil Fischer intuitively understood, synthetic access to the enzyme molecule enables the power of chemical science to be applied to elucidating the molecular basis of catalytic function in unprecedented detail.
Isolation and biochemical characterization of the mammalian reovirus type 3 cell-surface receptor. (1985)

A cell-surface receptor for the mammalian reovirus type 3 hemagglutinin was isolated by using antiidiotypic anti-receptor antibodies. The receptor is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 67,000 daltons and a pI of 5.9. Evidence that the isolated structure represents the reovirus receptor was obtained by electrophoretic immunoblot studies, which demonstrated that the 67,000-dalton glycoprotein is the only cell-surface structure recognized by both reovirus type 3 and the anti-receptor immunoglobulin. Comparison of the reovirus receptor on murine thymoma (R1.1) and rat neuroblastoma (B104) cells indicated that similar structures on the cell surface are recognized by the reovirus type 3 and the anti-receptor antibodies as previously suggested from cellular and binding studies. This receptor was found on mouse, rat, monkey, and human cells. Furthermore, diverse tissue types, including lymphoid and neuronal cells, express the receptor structure. The receptor structure is discussed in terms of its role in mediating viral tropism and as an essential cell-surface protein.
Perception for Outdoor Navigation. First Year Report (1990)

Abstract : Research supported by this contract includes perception for road following, terrain mapping for off-road navigation, and systems software for building integrated mobile robots. We overview our efforts for the year, and list our publications and personnel, then provide further detail on several of our subprojects. During the past year, this contract has supported research on color vision for road following; 3-D perception for terrain mapping and cross- country mobility; and system building for autonomous navigation. We have demonstrated autonomous navigation on a variety of roads, including single lane dirt, gravel , and paved; and multi-lane roads with and without lane markings. Our perception modules use a variety of techniques for video processing (clustering theory, symbolic feature detection, neural nets), and for range data analysis (landmark navigation, reflectance processing). We have also integrated position-based navigation (INS and GPS), and combinations of all these techniques into mobile robot systems and demonstrations. Our scientific papers this year include a book (Vision and Navigation: the CMU Navlab), three PhD dissertations, and an MS thesis.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR TRANSPLANTING DISCORDANT ISLETS INTO RATS USING ALGINATE GEL SPHERES (1995)

Lanza, Robert P.; Ecker, Dawn; Kühtreiber, Willem M.; Staruk, James E.; Marsh, Joanne; Chick, William L. Author Information
Centrifugal microfluidic platform for single-cell level cardiomyocyte-based drug profiling and screening (2015)

Drug screening and profiling is an important phase in drug discovery, development, and marketing. However, some profiling tests are not routinely done because of the needed additional technical skills and costly maintenance, which leads to cases of unexpected side effects or adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study presents the design and operation of a microfluidic chip for single-cell level drug screening and profiling as an alternative platform for this purpose. Centrifugation was utilized to trap isolated single and groups of primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in the same chip. In the off-spin operation of the chip, the cells can be observed under a microscope and movies of the beat motion can be recorded. The beat profiles of the cells were generated by image correlation analysis of the recorded video to study the contractile characteristics (beating rate, beating strength, and inter-beat duration). By utilizing this non-invasive tool, long term continuous monitoring, right after trapping, was made possible and cell growth and dynamics were successfully observed in the chip. Media and liquid replacement does not require further centrifugation but instead utilizes capillary flow only. The effect of carbachol (100 μM) and isoproterenol (4 μg mL(-1)) on single cells and groups of cells was demonstrated and the feature for immunostaining (β-actin) applicability of the chip was revealed. Furthermore, these findings can be helpful for the headway of non-invasive profiling of cardiomyocytes and for future chip design and operation of high-throughput lab-on-a-chip devices.
Intravenous Medication Safety and Smart Infusion Systems (2005)

The Institute of Medicine report To Err Is Human: Building a Safe Health System greatly increased national awareness of the need to improve patient safety in general and medication safety in particular. Infusion-related errors are associated with the greatest risk of harm, and "smart" (computerized) infusion systems are currently available that can avert high-risk errors and provide previously unavailable data for continuous quality improvement (CQI) efforts. As healthcare organizations consider how to invest scarce dollars, infusion nurses have a key role to play in assessing need, evaluating technology, and selecting and implementing specific products. This article reviews the need to improve intravenous medication safety. It describes smart infusion systems and the results they have achieved. Finally, it details the lessons learned and the opportunities identified through the use of smart infusion technology at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.
Cross-Linked Polynorbornene-Coated Gold Nanoparticles: Dependence of Particle Stability on Cross-Linking Position and Cross-Linker Structure (2008)

This paper describes the preparation of cross-linked polynorbornene coated gold nanoparticles. The polymer was grown radially from the particle surface using a ring opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and an electrophilic norbornene ester, which was cross-linked using a variety of diamines. The stability of the cross-linked nanoparticles toward oxidative etching by cyanide was evaluated. The rate of etching decreases as diamines with fewer degrees of conformational freedom are used as cross-linkers. The distance of the cross-linking block from the nanoparticle surface was systematically varied. Nanoparticles with the cross-linked block furthest from the surface were etched most slowly. This is suggested to arise as a result of the polymers adopting a mushroom conformation when the cross-linking block is close to the particle surface, while more distal cross-linking results in more rigid polymer chains that are less permeable to the cyanide etchant. These results provide new insight into how fine-tuning the polymer cross-linking architecture can modulate nanoparticle stability.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Sleep-Related Erections in Hypogonadal Men (1990)

Hypogonadal men usually have diminished libido and erectile dysfunction, and testosterone replacement therapy in these men increases sexual activity, erotic thoughts, and self-reported nocturnal erections. The polygraphic assessment of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) provides an objective index of erectile capability and is useful for differentiating psychogenic from organic erectile dysfunction. In this study we evaluated NPT in six hypogonadal adult men during and after termination of androgen therapy. Multinight sleep studies were conducted within 1 week and 7-8 weeks after each man received 20 mg testosterone cypionate, im. The mean serum testosterone level 4-7 days after testosterone injection was 35.9 +/- 3.4 (+/- SE) nmol/L, and it fell to 2.3 +/- 0.9 nmol/L after 7-8 weeks. Significant declines (P less than 0.05) in the number of NPT episodes (3.7 to 2.0), maximum penile circumference increase (24 to 13 mm), and total tumescence time (107 to 55 min) accompanied the fall in the serum testosterone level. No androgen-related changes in the amount or integrity of rapid eye movement sleep were found. Finally, the mean penile rigidity (buckling pressure) decreased from 770 +/- 98 to 590 +/- 81 g (P less than 0.05). Comparison of these results to those in normal men revealed that none of these men met all diagnostic criteria for organic impotence, even 7-8 weeks after discontinuation of testosterone administration. While men with androgen deficiency may have normal NPT, sleep-related erections increase in response to testosterone administration.
Allergic Asthma: Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors (2011)

Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease in which exposure to allergens causes intermittent attacks of breathlessness, airway hyper-reactivity, wheezing, and coughing. Allergic asthma has been called a "syndrome" resulting from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Worldwide, >300 million individuals are affected by this disease, and in the United States alone, it is estimated that >35 million people, mostly children, suffer from asthma. Although animal models, linkage analyses, and genome-wide association studies have identified numerous candidate genes, a solid definition of allergic asthma has not yet emerged; however, such studies have contributed to our understanding of the multiple pathways to this syndrome. In contrast with animal models, in which T-helper 2 (T(H)2) cell response is the dominant feature, in human asthma, an initial exposure to allergen results in T(H)2 cell-dependent stimulation of the immune response that mediates the production of IgE and cytokines. Re-exposure to allergen then activates mast cells, which release mediators such as histamines and leukotrienes that recruit other cells, including T(H)2 cells, which mediate the inflammatory response in the lungs. In this minireview, we discuss the current understanding of how associated genetic and environmental factors increase the complexity of allergic asthma and the challenges allergic asthma poses for the development of novel approaches to effective treatment and prevention.
Camera calibration method used in computer vision coordinate measurement systems (2007)

As one of the key techniques of vision coordinates measurement, camera internal parameters calibration is regarded by technologists and has been researched a lot. Based on the study of regular internal parameters calibration methods such as plane calibration, two-plane calibration, vanishing points calibration, stereo calibration and so on, combined with the requirement of large space vision coordinates measurement for camera internal parameters calibration, this paper brings forward independent internal parameters calibration and virtual stereo calibration methods. A special calibration equipment is used in independent internal parameters calibration to calibrate original points coordinates of camera and distortion parameters of lens, and a virtual target board and bundle adjustment algorithm are used in virtual stereo calibration to calibrate internal parameters. They can be used in large space vision coordinates measurement and get high calibration accuracy.
Biological Qualification of Biomarkers of Chemical-Induced Renal Toxicity in Two Strains of Male Rat (2011)

This study reports the evaluation of four urinary biomarkers of renal toxicity, α-glutathione-S-transferase (α-GST), μ-GST, clusterin, and renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1), in male Sprague-Dawley and Han-Wistar rats given cisplatin, gentamicin, or N-phenylanthranilic acid (NPAA). Kidney injury was diagnosed histopathologically, according to site/nature of renal injury, and graded for severity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of each exploratory renal biomarker with traditional indicators of renal function and injury (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine [sCr] as well as urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase [NAG] and protein). These analyses showed that increased urinary α-GST was superior to BUN, sCr, and NAG for diagnosis of proximal tubular (PT) degeneration/necrosis. Paradoxically, urinary α-GST was decreased in the presence of collecting duct (CD) injury without PT injury (NPAA administration). RPA-1 demonstrated high specificity for CD injury, superior to all of the reference biomarkers. The clusterin response correlated well with tubular injury, whatever the location, particularly when regeneration was present (superior to all of the reference markers for cortical tubular regeneration). There was no conclusive evidence for the diagnostic utility of μ-GST. The data were submitted for qualification review by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. Both agencies concluded that the data justified the qualification of RPA-1 and increased the level of evidence for, and clarified the context of use of, the previously qualified clusterin for use in male rats. These biomarkers can be used in conjunction with traditional clinical chemistry markers and histopathology in Good Laboratory Practice rodent toxicology studies used to support renal safety studies in clinical trials. Qualification of α-GST must await further explanation of the differences in response to PT and CD injury.