gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA content analysis of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes in plasma cell malignancies. (1985)

A double fluorescence assay has been employed for the detection of cell surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) and the measurement of nuclear DNA content in the same cell. Following staining for Ig by means of FITC conjugated antibodies directed against heavy or light chains, cell suspensions or cytospin preparations were ethanol fixed and stained with a propidium iodide-RNAse solution. In this way, the cytometric DNA content of circulating B-lymphocytes was analyzed in three patients suffering from plasma cell malignancies with an excess of peripheral blood B-lymphocytes and evidence of aneuploid bone marrow plasma cells. Aneuploid circulating B-lymphocytes with the same DNA stem-line as bone marrow plasma cells were found in two patients with advanced disease but not in the only one we studied at presentation. Aneuploid lymphocytes had surface immunoglobulins bearing the same light chain as the M-protein. In addition, a significant percentage (23%) of cells lacking either surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins proved to be aneuploid in plasma cell leukemia. Nuclear DNA measurement combined with surface or cytoplasmic marker analysis appears to be a reliable method for studying neoplastic lymphoid precursor cells in plasma cell malignancies.
ThinStreams: an architecture for multicasting layered video (2002)

Multicast is a common method for distributing audio and video over the Internet. Since receivers are heterogeneous in processing capability, network bandwidth, and requirements for video quality, a single multicast stream is usually insufficient. A common strategy is to use layered video coding with multiple multicast groups. In this scheme, a receiver adjusts its video quality by selecting the number of multicast groups, and thereby video layers, it receives. Implementing this scheme requires the receivers to decide when to join a new group or leave a subscribed group. This paper presents a new solution to the join/leave problem using ThinStreams. In ThinStreams, a single video layer is multicast over several multicast groups, each with identical bandwidth. ThinStreams separates the coding scheme (i.e., the video layers) from control (i.e., the multicast groups), helping to bound network oscillations caused by receivers joining and leaving high bandwidth multicast groups. This work evaluates the join/leave algorithms used in ThinStreams using simulations and preliminary experiments on the MBONE. It also addresses fairness among independent video broadcasts and shows how to prevent interference between them.
Hydrophobic Interaction‐Mediated Capture and Release of Cancer Cells on Thermoresponsive Nanostructured Surfaces (2012)

Capture and release of cancer cells: a thermoresponsive nanostructured surface is designed to reversibly capture and release cancer cells, wherein hydrophobic interaction helps the realization of target capture/release of cancer cells. The unique nature of the designed platform is based on the synergistic effect of hydrophobic interactions between the smart surface and the hydrophobic anchor (i.e., biotin-BSA), and topographic interactions between the nanostructured substrates and cancer cells.
Emotion and its Expression (2006)

Charles Darwin wrote extensively on emotion in his notebooks and in his book The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, published in 1872. The book included a chapter on blushing that for many years provided the only extended account of the phenomenon in scientific literature, and it is common even today for articles on blushing to cite this chapter. Discussion of emotion and the facial expression of emotion seems a natural starting point for consideration of the blush but it raises the immediate problem of how to deal with a topic that has attracted so much theorising and research, indeed so much controversy. For many years the dominant approach construed the expression of emotion as the visible manifestation of a distinct internal state; more recently there is growing recognition of the social nature of emotion accompanied by an interpretation of expressions as signs that serve communicative functions for the self and others. The first section of the chapter discusses Darwin's analysis of the blush; the second section considers how the study of emotion and its facial expression has marginalised the blush and asks how much this owes to Darwin's influence.KeywordsFacial ExpressionEmotional ExpressionIncrease Blood FlowEmotion WordBasic EmotionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Niacin in Patients with Low HDL Cholesterol Levels Receiving Intensive Statin Therapy (2011)

Among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of less than 70 mg per deciliter (1.81 mmol per liter), there was no incremental clinical benefit from the addition of niacin to statin therapy during a 36-month follow-up period, despite significant improvements in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Abbott Laboratories; AIM-HIGH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00120289.).
Lectin Immunoassay for Macrophage-activating Factor (Gc-MAF) Produced by Deglycosylation of Gc-Globulin: Evidence for Noninducible Generation of Gc-MAF (2000)

The vitamin D-binding protein, also known as group-specific component (Gc) or Gc-globulin, is a 51.2-kDa polymorphic protein of the α2-macroglobulin fraction of human plasma (1). In human population, three common alleles ( Gc1f , Gc1s , and Gc2 ) and >120 rare variant alleles have been classified by isoelectric focusing (2). Gc1f and Gc1s contain sialic acid residues, whereas Gc2 does not (2). Gc-globulin may have an important role in the activation of macrophages and in osteoclast differentiation from monocytes and thus may control bone morphogenesis and remodeling (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). In humans, deglycosylation of Gc-globulin, involving stepwise removal of β-galactose and sialic acid from the trisaccharide, leaving N -acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc), produces a potent macrophage-activating factor (Gc-MAF) (3). GalNAc is considered to have a crucial role in the macrophage-activating and osteoclast-differentiating functions of Gc-MAF because the removal of this sugar has been shown to be associated with the loss or impaired function of macrophages (8)(9). In osteopetrotic rat and mice models (6)(7) and in a single human study (4), indirect data suggested a defect in lysophospholipid-inducible Gc-MAF, although direct estimation of this factor in healthy and diseased states has not been performed.

Gc-MAF estimation has been hampered by the lack of a suitable detection system for determining the sterically exposed GalNAc, which is critical for the activating properties of Gc-MAF. Because no standard preparation of Gc-MAF (as opposed to Gc-globulin) is available, its presence must be inferred from its properties. We here describe a hybrid sandwich lectin-ELISA for the measurement of the sterically exposed GalNAc (10)(11) generated in vitro from Gc-globulin in the plasma of healthy subjects.

Blood was collected from 11 healthy subjects by venipuncture into EDTA sample tubes, and the plasma was separated within 5 min …
In situ hybridization analysis of acquisition and loss of the human multidrug-resistance gene. (1988)

The extent of multidrug-resistance of human KB carcinoma cell lines has been shown to be proportional to the level of expression of the MDR1 gene. Using an in situ hybridization analysis with 35S-labeled RNA probes, we have found that there is some heterogeneity in expression of the MDR1 gene from cell to cell, but that the average level of expression is proportional to the resistance of the cell line. In the absence of selective pressure, a colchicine-selected multidrug-resistant population with a highly amplified MDR1 gene loses its resistance in parallel with the loss of the amplified gene. Loss of resistance also parallels a decrease in MDR1 RNA expression in the whole cell population. Loss of MDR1 expression in this population is highly heterogeneous, with small clusters of cells maintaining expression even after the population as a whole has become relatively sensitive. This heterogenous loss of expression of the MDR1 gene is consistent with random segregation of amplified DNA segments in the selected cells. The analysis of MDR1 RNA expression by in situ hybridization which is validated by this study should be useful in the study of normal human tissue and tumor samples expressing the MDR1 gene.
Enhanced uronic acid content, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory activities of polysaccharides from ginseng fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIW‐1 (2020)

In this study, Panax ginseng was fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIW-1. The crude ginseng polysaccharides were extracted and purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow, and the monosaccharide analysis was performed by GC/MS. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory activities in mice of polysaccharides were determined. Results showed that the uronic acid content of fermented polysaccharide was significantly increased than nonfermented ginseng, showing that the acid polysaccharide was increased after fermentation. And the ginseng polysaccharides between fermented and nonfermented showed different physiological activity after fermentation. Results of the in vitro antioxidant assay showed ginseng polysaccharides after S. cerevisiae GIW-1 fermentation were found to possess higher capacity on scavenging hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radicals. Furthermore, fermented ginseng polysaccharides attenuated increases of liver index and the level of serum AST, and some inflammatory-related factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. Practical applications Microorganism as one of the important tools of biological method has been considered as a more effective and economical way to convert and synthesize natural compounds with more biologically activities. In this paper, we analyze the ginseng polysaccharides after fermented by S. cerevisiae GIW-1. Result showed that fermented ginseng polysaccharides existed superior potency than nonfermented ginseng polysaccharides on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, the content of uronic acid in fermented ginseng polysaccharides have increased. These data maybe provide new insight into the natural antioxidants and impetus the development of ginseng in food industry with improving added value of ginseng products.
A new versatile PC-based lung sound analyzer with automatic crackle analysis (HeLSA); repeatability of spectral parameters and sound amplitude in healthy subjects (1998)

A versatile PC-based lung sound analyzer has been developed for short-term recording and analysis of respiratory sounds in research and clinical applications. The system consists of two sound sensors, a flow sensor, a filtering signal amplifier and a PC with a data acquisition card and software for measurement and analysis of the sounds. The analyses include phonopneumography, time expanded waveform analysis, spectral analysis with time averaged Fast Fourier Transform, frequency analysis in time domain (sonogram), and automatic detection and waveform analysis of crackles. Short-term repeatability of spectral parameters of tracheal and lung sounds was studied in 10 healthy subjects. The coefficients of variation (CoV) of the averaged quartile frequencies (F25, F50 and F75) of lung sounds during flow-controlled tidal breathing were 3.7, 4.0 and 8.9% in expiration and 2.7, 3.5 and 4.5% in inspiration, respectively. CoVs of the averaged F25, F50 and F75 of expiratory tracheal sounds were 6.9, 3.0 and 2.4%, and those of inspiratory tracheal sounds 6.3, 2.6 and 3.3%, respectively. Examples of lung sound analysis of samples containing adventitious sounds such as crackles and wheezes are presented. The results indicate that the median frequency has the best repeatability of quartile frequencies of breath sounds and they suggest that the variations of those parameters are low enough for diagnostic purposes. The results also suggest that the analyzer can be a useful new tool for pulmonary research in the fields of physiological and clinical short-term studies of respiratory sounds.
Macrosialin, a macrophage-restricted membrane sialoprotein differentially glycosylated in response to inflammatory stimuli. (1991)

Rat monoclonal antibody FA/11 has been used to identify macrosialin, a sialoglycoprotein confined to murine mononuclear phagocytes and related cells. Originally identified as a macrophage-associated glycoprotein predominantly localized in intracellular membranes (Smith, M.J., and G.L.E. Koch. 1987. J. Cell Sci. 87:113), the antigen is widely expressed on tissue macrophages, including those in lymphoid areas, and is expressed at low levels on isolated dendritic cells. Immuno-adsorption experiments reported here show that macrosialin is identical to the major 87-115-kD sialoglycoprotein previously identified by lectin blotting in exudate but not resident peritoneal macrophages (Rabinowitz, S., and S. Gordon. 1989. J. Cell Sci. 93:623). Resident peritoneal macrophages express low levels of macrosialin antigen in a glycoform that does not bind 125I wheat germ agglutinin or 125I peanut agglutinin; inflammatory stimuli upregulate expression of this antigen (up to 17-fold), in an alternative glycoform that is detected by these lectins. Pulse-chase experiments reveal a 44-kD core peptide that initially bears high-mannose chains (giving Mr 66 kD) and is subsequently processed to a mature protein of Mr 87-104 kD. Each glycoform contains N-linked glycan, as well as O-linked sugar structures that show alternative processing. Poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures are detected in the exudate cell glycoform only. This new marker for mononuclear phagocytes illustrates two strategies by which macrophages remodel their membranes in response to inflammatory stimuli. Its predominantly intracellular location and restricted cell distribution suggest a possible role in membrane fusion or antigen processing.
Light emission from a Mudlux transcriptional fusion in Salmonella typhimurium is stimulated by hydrogen peroxide and by interaction with the mouse macrophage cell line J774.2 (1993)

Hydrogen peroxide is known to induce a multigenic response in Salmonella typhimurium cells. We have used a Mudlux transcriptional reporter system to identify and isolate fusions in the virulent strain SL1344 which respond to hydrogen peroxide in vitro by light production, and one of these fusions, MPG203, has been further characterized. Transient light production was observed from MPG203 at levels of hydrogen peroxide as low as 10 microM. However, high levels of this toxic oxidizing agent resulted in light suppression, particularly at low bacterial densities. This fusion was also shown to produce light following adhesion to cells of the mouse macrophage cell line J774.2. Furthermore, the response was greatly reduced in the presence of catalase, directly implicating hydrogen peroxide as the eliciting agent and suggesting the involvement of the hydrogen peroxide-induced bacterial stress response in the infection process. Chemiluminescence studies also indicated that inhibition of the respiratory burst may occur as the infection ratio is increased. In addition, the level of light produced from bacteria within individual macrophage cells was shown to vary.
Evaluation of the Hairless Rat as a Model for in Vivo Percutaneous Absorption (1997)

Percutaneous absorption of topically applied mannitol and progesterone was compared in vivo with the hairless and hairy rat. Urinary excretion and skin concentration profiles after topical application of mannitol demonstrated that hairless rat skin was a "leakier" barrier to percutaneous absorption of polar compounds than was hairy rat skin, independent of formulation. Liposomal, but not aqueous mannitol was retained in hairy rat skin (> 0.5% after 12 h), whereas only negligible amounts were retained in hairless rat skin, regardless of formulation. Progesterone absorption from hydroalcohol and liposomal formulations into hairless rat skin was about five times greater than that in hairy rat skin. Skin delipidization by acetone resulted in a dramatic reduction in the cutaneous barrier to systemic mannitol absorption, which was much more pronounced in hairy than in hairless rat skin. Histological findings of patulous cysts and enlarged, highly vascularized sebaceous glands in the hairless rat suggested that these structures may enhance polar pathways and provide a lipophilic reservoir relative to the fully developed hair follicles of the hairy rat. Collectively, the results document percutaneous absorption differences as a function of animal model, and also suggest that follicular structures make a major contribution to passive percutaneous absorption.
Apple Pomace: A Versatile Substrate for Biotechnological Applications (2008)

Apple pomace is the processing waste generated after apple juice manufacturing and represents up to 30% of the original fruit. This solid residue consists of a complex mixture of peel, core, seed, calyx, stem, and soft tissue. This residual material is a poor animal feed supplement because of its extremely low protein content and high amount of sugar. The application of agroindustrial by-products in bioprocesses offers a wide range of alternative substrates, thus helping solve pollution problems related to their disposal. Attempts have been made to use apple pomace to generate several value-added products, such as enzymes, single cell protein, aroma compounds, ethanol, organic acids, polysaccharides, and mushrooms. This article reviews recent developments regarding processes and products that employed apple pomace as a substrate for biotechnological applications.
High-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2014)

We demonstrate carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (CNFETs) with the highest current drive (per unit layout width) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> to-date (>100 µA/µm at 400 nm channel length and 1V V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> ), while simultaneously achieving high I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> /I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> (>5,000). This is the first demonstration of CNFETs with CNT density above 100 CNTs/µm consisting of highly-aligned CNTs and achieving both high current drive and high I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> /I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> . The current drives of the demonstrated CNFETs approach that of similarly-scaled and similarly-biased silicon-based field-effect transistors in production in major semiconductor foundries.
O-linked sugar chain of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects it against polymerization and denaturation allowing it to retain its biological activity. (1990)

Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is a glycoprotein carrying one O-linked sugar chain. To clarify the role of the oligosaccharide in hG-CSF, some biological and physicochemical properties of the deglycosylated hG-CSF and the intact factor were compared. Recombinant hG-CSF produced in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells was sequentially digested with neuraminidase and endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. The deglycosylated hG-CSF was one-third as active as the intact form in the colony-forming assay, but it was almost as active as the intact hG-CSF in the cell proliferation assay using NFS-60 cells (NFS-60 bioassay). Inactivation of the deglycosylated hG-CSF was also found by NFS-60 bioassay after incubation for 2 days at pH values from 7 to 8 and at 37 degrees C. This inactivation was accompanied by polymerization of the factor which did not occur with the glycosylated factor. Circular dichroic and calorimetric analyses demonstrated that the deglycosylated hG-CSF is more sensitive to heat denaturation than the intact form and that the inactivation of both forms of hG-CSF was accompanied by conformational change of the proteins. From these results, it was concluded that the O-linked sugar chain of hG-CSF contributes to the stability of the factor by suppressing polymerization and/or its conformational changes.
LC‐MS/MS Quantitation of Mercapturic Acid Conjugates of Lipid Peroxidation Products as Markers of Oxidative Stress (2010)

Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) leads to the formation of cytotoxic and genotoxic 2-alkenals. LPO products such as 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenal (ONE) have been the subject of many studies due to their association with the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. LPO products are excreted in the urine after conjugation with glutathione (GSH) and subsequent metabolism to mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates. Urinary LPO-MA metabolites are stable end-product metabolites and have gained interest as non-invasive in vivo biomarkers of oxidative stress. This protocol describes a method for the quantitative analysis of LPO-MA metabolites in urine using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Included are protocols for preparation of labeled LPO-MA conjugates from unlabeled LPO products and deuterium labeled MA.
Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database (1997)

A gene cloning strategy based on the screening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database (dbEST) using sequences of mitochondrial housekeeping proteins of yeast was employed to identify the cDNA encoding the precursor of the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL). The 3831 bp h-mtRPOL cDNA is located on chromosome 19p13.3 and encodes a protein of 1230 amino acid residues. The protein sequence shows significant homologies with sequences corresponding to mitochondrial RNA polymerases from lower eukaryotes, and to RNA polymerases from several bacteriophages. The mitochondrial RNA polymerase carries out the central activity of mitochondrial gene expression and, by providing the RNA primers for replication-initiation, is also implicated in the maintenance and propagation of the mitochondrial genome. Genes involved in the control of mtDNA replication and gene expression are attractive candidates for human disorders due to abnormalities of nucleo-mitochondrial intergenomic signalling. The availability of the h-mtRPOL cDNA will allow us to test its role in mitochondrial pathology. In addition, we propose the 'cyberscreening' of dbEST, based on yeast/human cross-species comparison, as a powerful, simple, rapid and inexpensive method, that may accelerate several-fold the molecular dissection of the human mitochondrial proteome.
Scheduling of DSP programs onto multiprocessors for maximum throughput (1993)

A flow graph scheduling algorithm that simultaneously considers pipelining, retiming, parallelism, and hierarchical node decomposition is presented. The ability to simultaneously consider the many types of concurrency allows the scheduler to find efficient multiprocessor solutions for a wide range of DSP applications. It has been implemented as part of a software environment for scheduling DSP programs onto fixed and configurable multiprocessor systems. The results on a set of benchmarks demonstrate that the algorithm achieves near ideal speedups even across programs with different types of concurrency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>