gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A chimpanzee serotype-based adenoviral vector as vaccine for CEA (2006)

1399 Adenovirus (Ad) is an attractive vector for genetic vaccine development for its capability to infect several tissues and antigen presenting cells. This property is impaired by pre-existing immunity to the human adenoviruses in most of human population. For this reason, use of uncommon alternative Ad serotypes could overcome this problem. Recently, chimpanzee Ad vectors have been shown to be efficient delivery tools for vaccination protocols. To verify the immunogenic potency of a chimp Ad vector to vaccinate hosts, an E1,E3 deleted recombinant Ad based on the chimpanzee serotype 3 (chAd3) was engineered to express human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) protein. ChAd3-CEA was tested in CEA.Tg mice that express human CEA with a tissue distribution similar to that of humans. CEA.Tg mice were intramuscularly immunized with chAd3-CEA and expression of human CEA was monitored in the serum. Development of a CEA-specific CD8 + T cell response was observed after a single injection and it was comparable in terms of efficacy and kinetics to that of mice immunized with a similar vector based on human serotype 5 (Ad5-CEA) expressing the same transgene. Importantly, the capability of chAd3-CEA to elicit the immune response against CEA was not abrogated in animals pre-exposed to human wt Ad5 and works as booster of immunity elicited by other Ad vectors. In conclusion, our data show that this novel chimp Ad based vaccine vector is able to induce an immune response comparable to Ad5 human serotype and, importantly to break tolerance to a tumor antigen. Moreover, ChAd3 presents the advantage to overcome pre-existing immunity and work in conjunction with Ad vaccines based on common human serotypes.
Salivary Binding Antibodies Induced by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Recombinant gp120 Vaccine (1996)

Salivary binding antibodies induced by candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines in healthy, HIV-1-uninfected volunteers were assessed in a clinical trial evaluating intramuscularly injected HIV-1MN recombinant gp120 (rgp120) vaccine alone or with HIV-1IIIB rgp120 vaccine. The two rgp120 vaccines induced envelope glycoprotein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in whole saliva and serum.
Designing support for remote intensive-care telehealth using the locales framework (1997)

We put forward the locales t%wnework as a model for the principled understanding and analysis of systems support for cooperative work situations. By using the locales framework to identify problems and issues with existing practice and focus discussion on possible solutions, we can articulate requirements for systems design. This is illustrated through a study of inter-and intra-ICU consultation practice across three hospital intensive care units (ICUS). By applying the fkunework to the analysis of existing local and remote work practices, we evolve a family of requirements for a telecommunications-based remote consultation facility, sketch its high-level design and discuss the current status of the project.
Repair of Gaps in Retroviral DNA Integration Intermediates (2000)

Diverse mobile DNA elements are believed to pirate host cell enzymes to complete DNA transfer. Prominent examples are provided by retroviral cDNA integration and transposon insertion. These reactions initially involve the attachment of each element 3' DNA end to staggered sites in the host DNA by element-encoded integrase or transposase enzymes. Unfolding of such intermediates yields DNA gaps at each junction. It has been widely assumed that host DNA repair enzymes complete attachment of the remaining DNA ends, but the enzymes involved have not been identified for any system. We have synthesized DNA substrates containing the expected gap and 5' two-base flap structure present in retroviral integration intermediates and tested candidate enzymes for the ability to support repair in vitro. We find three required activities, two of which can be satisfied by multiple enzymes. These are a polymerase (polymerase beta, polymerase delta and its cofactor PCNA, or reverse transcriptase), a nuclease (flap endonuclease), and a ligase (ligase I, III, or IV and its cofactor XRCC4). A proposed pathway involving retroviral integrase and reverse transcriptase did not carry out repair under the conditions tested. In addition, prebinding of integrase protein to gapped DNA inhibited repair reactions, indicating that gap repair in vivo may require active disassembly of the integrase complex.
Highly scalable on-axis confined cell structure for high density PRAM beyond 256Mb (2005)

We firstly fabricated on-axis confined structure and evaluated based on 64Mb PRAM with 0.12/spl mu/m-CMOS technologies. Ge/sub 2/Sb/sub 2/Te /sub 5/ was confined within small pore, which resulted in low writing current of 0.4mA. The pore is on-axis with upper and lower contacts, which leads to good scalability of PRAM above 256Mb. The confined structure was relatively insensitive to small cell edge damage effect. The on-axis confined structure is a promising candidate for high density PRAM due to low writing current, good scalability, and insensitiveness to edge damage.
Analysis and prediction of VH/VL packing in antibodies (2010)

The packing of V(H) and V(L) domains in antibodies can vary, influencing the topography of the antigen-combining site. However, until recently, this has largely been ignored in modelling antibody structure. We present an analysis of the degree of variability observed in known structures together with a machine-learning approach to predict the packing angle. A neural network was trained on sets of interface residues and a genetic algorithm designed to perform 'feature selection' to define which sets of interface residues could be used most successfully to perform the prediction. While this training procedure was very computationally intensive, prediction is performed in a matter of seconds. Thus, not only do we provide a rapid method for predicting the packing angle, but also we define a set of residues that may be important in antibody humanization in order to obtain the correct binding site topography.
A comparison of normalization methods for high densityoligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias (2003)

Additional figures may be found at http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~bolstad/normalize/index.html
Immunological Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Autologous Tumor Vaccine in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

GM-CSF and autologous vaccine can be given safely in combination to patients with renal cell cancer. We observed treatment related changes in tumor specific circulating lymphocyte populations.
Depsipeptide enhances imatinib mesylate-induced apoptosis of Bcr-Abl-positive cells and ectopic expression of cyclin D1, c-Myc or active MEK abrogates this effect. (2004)

FK228 showed cytotoxicity at the nano-molar level. Combination treatment with STI571 and FK228 enhanced the induction of apoptosis significantly compared with each single treatment, although the histone acetylation level was not changed by the co-treatment. The combination treatment activated caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, but it did not induce any notable change in the expression of Bcl-XL, Bcl-2 and Bax compared with each single treatment. Enhanced apoptosis by the co-treatment was abrogated by ectopic expression of cyclin D1, c-Myc or active MEK CONCLUSION: The combination of FK228 with STI571 is a promising treatment for Bcr-Abl-positive CML, but the activation of the MEK/ERK pathway and its downstream target genes may bring resistance to the co-treatment in leukemic cells.
Nature and the Multiple Functions of the 67-kD Elastin-/Laminin Binding Protein (1994)

Numerous cell types, including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts, monocytes, neutrophils, and several tumor cells express the 67-kD galactolectin, homologous to the alternatively spliced variant of beta-galactosidase. The 67-kD protein resides on the cell surfaces and is capable of interacting with elastin, laminin and collagen type IV. This peripheral membrane protein binds its matrix ligands but only in the absence of galactosugars, whereas binding of galactosugar-containing moieties to its lectin site changes its molecular folding which causes discharge of the ligand and release of the receptor from the cell surface. This review will address the functional significance of the single receptor that interacts with multiple matrix proteins and can be shed from cell surfaces by galactosugars. I will emphasize the role of the 67-kD protein in divergent cellular processes, such as cell-matrix attachment, matrix assembly, cellular chemotaxis, and active migration through the vascular walls.
Gene methylation profiles of normal mucosa, and benign and malignant colorectal tumors identify early onset markers (2008)

Methylated ADAMTS1, MGMT, and MAL are suitable as markers for early tumor detection.
Signal reconstruction using sparse tree representations (2005)

Recent studies in linear inverse problems have recognized the sparse representation of unknown signal in a certain basis as an useful and effective prior information to solve those problems. In many multiscale bases (e.g. wavelets), signals of interest (e.g. piecewise-smooth signals) not only have few significant coefficients, but also <i>those significant coefficients are well-organized in trees</i>. We propose to exploit the <i>tree-structured sparse representation</i> as additional prior information for linear inverse problems with limited numbers of measurements. We present numerical results showing that exploiting the sparse <i>tree</i> representations lead to better reconstruction while requiring less time compared to methods that only assume sparse representations.
Dopaminergic neurons generated from monkey embryonic stem cells function in a Parkinson primate model (2005)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. ES cells are currently the most promising donor cell source for cell-replacement therapy in PD. We previously described a strong neuralizing activity present on the surface of stromal cells, named stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA). In this study, we generated neurospheres composed of neural progenitors from monkey ES cells, which are capable of producing large numbers of DA neurons. We demonstrated that FGF20, preferentially expressed in the substantia nigra, acts synergistically with FGF2 to increase the number of DA neurons in ES cell-derived neurospheres. We also analyzed the effect of transplantation of DA neurons generated from monkey ES cells into 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated (MPTP-treated) monkeys, a primate model for PD. Behavioral studies and functional imaging revealed that the transplanted cells functioned as DA neurons and attenuated MPTP-induced neurological symptoms.
Identification of the volatiles from low density polyethylene film irradiated with an electron beam. (1983)

The odor-producing volatiles produced by electron beam irradiation for the sterilization of polyethylene film were examined and identified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main volatile products in low density polyethylene irradiated with an. electron beam were aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for ca. 35% of the total peak area, and saturated hydrocarbons up to C13 were predominant. Four aldehydes with C2 to C5 carbon atoms, six ketones with C4 to C8, and five carboxylic acids with C2 to C5 were detected. Aldehydes and ketones accounted for ca. 26% of the all volatiles, and carboxylic acids for ca. 18%. Small amounts of alcohols, toluene, and phenol were also found. In a sensory test of the odor from the mixed solution of identified compounds, the odor was found to resemble the off-odor of the irradiated polyethylene.
Increased Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Is Associated With Tumor Progression in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas (2001)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) is a key enzyme in the process of extracellular matrix remodeling involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. The activation of MMP2 involves interplay with the membrane type-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP2). In vitro, activated hepatic stellate cells are a main source of MMP2 and collagen I induces MMP2 activation. The steady-state mRNA levels of MMP2, MT1-MMP, TIMP2, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin gamma1 were compared with MMP2 activity in 55 hepatocellular carcinomas, 47 matching nontumor biopsies and 19 histologically normal livers. In hepatocellular carcinomas, increased collagen I mRNA levels were strongly associated with those of MMP2 (Spearman R =.74, P <.001), MT1-MMP (R =.65, P <.001) and TIMP2 (R = 0.61, P <.001). MMP2 activity was correlated with the mRNA expression of collagen I (R =.45 P <.01), collagen IV (R =.40, P <.01) and laminin gamma1 (R =.33, P <.05). Unlike collagen IV and laminin gamma1 mRNAs, MMP2, MT1-MMP, TIMP2, collagen I mRNA levels were increased in nonencapsulated compared with encapsulated tumors (P <.05). In addition, MMP2 activity was fourfold higher (P <.01) in tumors arising in cirrhotic livers than in those arising in noncirrhotic livers. Moreover, tumor recurrence was associated with 4.6- and 2.8-fold (P <.05) higher collagen I and MMP2 mRNA levels, respectively, in hepatocellular carcinomas arising in cirrhotic livers. Thus, a high extracellular matrix remodeling favors tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinomas.
Involvement of Ras Activation in Human Breast Cancer Cell Signaling, Invasion, and Anoikis (2004)

Although mutated forms of ras are not associated with the majority of breast cancers (<5%), there is considerable experimental evidence that hyperactive Ras can promote breast cancer growth and development. Therefore, we determined whether Ras and Ras-responsive signaling pathways were activated persistently in nine widely studied human breast cancer cell lines. Although only two of the lines harbor mutationally activated ras, we found that five of nine breast cancer cell lines showed elevated active Ras-GTP levels that may be due, in part, to HER2 activation. Unexpectedly, activation of two key Ras effector pathways, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT signaling pathways, was not always associated with Ras activation. Ras activation also did not correlate with invasion or the expression of proteins associated with tumor cell invasion (estrogen receptor alpha and cyclooxygenase 2). We then examined the role of Ras signaling in mediating resistance to matrix deprivation-induced apoptosis (anoikis). Surprisingly, we found that ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/AKT activation did not have significant roles in conferring anoikis resistance. Taken together, these observations show that Ras signaling exhibits significant cell context variations and that other effector pathways may be important for Ras-mediated oncogenesis, as well as for anoikis resistance, in breast cancer. Additionally, because ERK and AKT activation are not strictly associated with Ras activation, pharmacological inhibitors of these two signaling pathways may not be the best approach for inhibition of aberrant Ras function in breast cancer treatment.
Direct Detection of the Hybridization of Synthetic Homo-Oligomer DNA Sequences by Field Effect (1997)

Homo-oligomer DNA strands were immobilized onto silicon/silicon dioxide electrodes using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. These modified substrates were used as working electrodes in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. In-phase and out-of-phase impedances were measured in the range −1 to +1 V with respect to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, with a superimposed 10 mV ac signal at frequencies of 20 and 100 kHz. Ex situ hybridization with complementary oligomer strands, performed at the surface of modified electrodes, is clearly reflected by negative shifts of about 100 mV in the flat-band potential of the semiconductor. Consecutive hybridization−denaturation steps show that the shifts are reproducible and the process is reversible. The in situ hybridization of complementary strands has also been observed with impedance measurements at Si/SiO2 substrates and with the use of a field effect device. The direct detection of hybridization with a field effect device was performed under constant drain current mode, and the corresponding variations observed for the gate potential during hybridization are in good agreement with the flat band potential shifts observed with the impedance experiments. Measurements made in the presence of noncomplementary strands demonstrate the selectivity of the device.
Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation (2008)

The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were arrived at after careful consideration of the available evidence at the time they were written. Health professionals are encouraged to take them fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. The guidelines do not, however, override the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate decisions in the circumstances of the individual patients, in consultation with that patient, and where appropriate and necessary the patient's guardian or carer. It is also the health professional's responsibility to verify the rules and regulations applicable to drugs and devices at the time of prescription.
Intraluminal fiber-optic Doppler imaging catheter for structural and functional optical coherence tomography (2001)

We describe a miniature fiber-optic Doppler imaging catheter for integrated functional and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The Doppler catheter can map blood flow within a vessel as well as image vessel wall structures. A prototype Doppler catheter has been developed and demonstrated for measuring the intraluminal velocity profile in a vessel phantom (conduit). A simple mathematical model is demonstrated to estimate the total flow rate. This estimation technique also enables the spatial range of flow measurements to be extended by approximately two times the normal OCT image-penetration depth. The Doppler OCT catheter could be a powerful device for cardiovascular imaging.
The role of nitric oxide in inflammation and immunity (1998)

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Giant CBM Field Proven in Shanxi (2001)

Qinshui Coalbed Methane Field, the largest one in China, was recently found in the southern part of Qinshui basin in Shanxi Province. Based on the appraisal by experts organized by Ministry of State Land and Resources, the field has a CBM-bearing area of 164.2 square kilometers with the proven geological reserves of 40.210 billion cubic meters and the recoverable reserves of 21.839 billion cubic meters. The field can establish a production capacity for 1 billion cubic meters per year. The CBM field has a stable distribution of CBM layers and abundant reserves. Currently,a total of 29 well have been drilled, of which the highest single-well production is 16000 cubic meters per day. The tested well group is under trial production.
Validating Aurora B as an anti-cancer drug target (2006)

The Aurora kinases, a family of mitotic regulators, have received much attention as potential targets for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Several Aurora kinase inhibitors have been described including ZM447439, which prevents chromosome alignment, spindle checkpoint function and cytokinesis. Subsequently, ZM447439-treated cells exit mitosis without dividing and lose viability. Because ZM447439 inhibits both Aurora A and B, we set out to determine which phenotypes are due to inhibition of which kinase. Using molecular genetic approaches, we show that inhibition of Aurora B kinase activity phenocopies ZM447439. Furthermore, a novel ZM compound, which is 100 times more selective for Aurora B over Aurora A in vitro, induces identical phenotypes. Importantly, inhibition of Aurora B kinase activity induces a penetrant anti-proliferative phenotype, indicating that Aurora B is an attractive anti-cancer drug target. Using molecular genetic and chemical-genetic approaches, we also probe the role of Aurora A kinase activity. We show that simultaneous repression of Aurora A plus induction of a catalytic mutant induces a monopolar phenotype. Consistently, another novel ZM-related inhibitor, which is 20 times as potent against Aurora A compared with ZM447439, induces a monopolar phenotype. Expression of a drug-resistant Aurora A mutant reverts this phenotype, demonstrating that Aurora A kinase activity is required for spindle bipolarity in human cells. Because small molecule-mediated inhibition of Aurora A and Aurora B yields distinct phenotypes, our observations indicate that the Auroras may present two avenues for anti-cancer drug discovery.
Glucagon 1‐21 reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in parenterally fed rats (1991)

The hypothesis that glucagon 1-21 (G1-21) is trophic to the gastrointestinal tract was investigated in the hypoplastic intestine of intravenously maintained rats. Three groups of eight rats were fed parenterally for three days and then were infused with either 0, 20 or 80 micrograms rat-1 day-1 of G1-21 for 3 days. No significant effect on the weight of the stomach, caecum or colon was observed, but both the weight and crypt cell production rate of the small intestine were significantly decreased by G1-21. Plasma enteroglucagon was also decreased by G1-21 treatment. It is concluded that G1-21 does not have a trophic effect on the gastrointestinal tract, and, in fact, has an antiproliferative effect on the small intestine, which could in turn be modulated by decreased levels of endogenous enteroglucagon.
Management of Musculoskeletal Complications of Hemophilia (2003)

Prophylactic treatment from ages 2 to 18 years could prevent the development of hemophilic arthropathy if the concentration of the patient's deficient factor is kept from falling below 1% of normal. Early treatment is of paramount importance because the immature skeleton is very sensitive to the complications of hemophilia. Major hemarthrosis and chronic hemophilic synovitis should be treated aggressively to prevent hemophilic arthropathy. When advanced hemophilic arthropathy is present with severe disability, the aim should be to restore function while minimizing the risk to the patient. Joint debridement is an effective method to achieve this goal, especially around the elbow or ankle, and can be considered an alternative to knee replacement in the younger age groups. Proximal tibial valgus osteotomy is a reliable treatment method for painful genu varum of the mobile hemophilic knee. Supramalleolar tibial varus osteotomy is an attractive alternative to the more commonly used surgical option of arthrodesis. Finally, joint replacement can usually be relied on to restore both mobility and function in a diseased joint. The potential benefits of joint replacement must always be weighed against the long-term sequelae, however, especially loosening and consequent revision surgery.