gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of T15 idiotype dominance. II. Genes unlinked to the Igh locus regulate T15 dominance of the secondary adoptive transfer response to phosphocholine. (1985)

We have studied the idiotype and fine specificity of the secondary immune response to phosphocholine (PC) in C57BL (B10, B10.D2, and B.C8) and BALB (BALB/c, BAB-14, and C.B20) congenic strains of mice. In vivo IgM responses of mice from these two genetic backgrounds differed in their T15 idiotypic representation. BALB strains expressed the T15 idiotype on greater than 90% of their IgM, PC-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC), whereas C57BL strains expressed the T15 idiotype on approximately 50% of their IgM PFC. All strains examined expressed greater than 75% PC-inhibitable, VHPC idiotype-positive, IgM PFC. The IgG3 and IgA memory responses were similar to the IgM memory response; BALB strains produced a higher proportion of T15+ PFC than C57BL strains; however, the majority of IgG3 and IgA PFC in all strains were VHPC+, and PC-inhibitable. In contrast, the IgG1 memory response was not dominated by T15+, VHPC+, PC-inhibitable PFC in any of the strains tested. The IgG1 PFC required nitrophenylphosphocholine (NPPC) for efficient inhibition. The IgG2 memory response generally mimicked the IgG1 response with respect to idiotype and specificity. These data demonstrate that the representation of the T15 idiotype in the anti-PC immune response is determined by genes outside both the MHC and Igh genetic loci. Control of T15 expression in secondary IgM, IgG3, and IgA anti-PC responses was examined by using a cell-mixing protocol with primed T and B cells from BALB/c and B10.D2 mice. T15 representation in these responses was determined by the genotype of the B cell, not by the genotype of the helper T cell. Similarly, the B cell genotype was responsible for the idiotypic profile of a primary, in vitro, T-dependent, anti-PC response.
Thalidomide and its analogs overcome drug resistance of human multiple myeloma cells to conventional therapy (2000)

Although thalidomide (Thal) was initially used to treat multiple myeloma (MM) because of its known antiangiogenic effects, the mechanism of its anti-MM activity is unclear. These studies demonstrate clinical activity of Thal against MM that is refractory to conventional therapy and delineate mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of Thal and its potent analogs (immunomodulatory drugs [IMiDs]). Importantly, these agents act directly, by inducing apoptosis or G1 growth arrest, in MM cell lines and in patient MM cells that are resistant to melphalan, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Dex). Moreover, Thal and the IMiDs enhance the anti-MM activity of Dex and, conversely, are inhibited by interleukin 6. As for Dex, apoptotic signaling triggered by Thal and the IMiDs is associated with activation of related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase. These studies establish the framework for the development and testing of Thal and the IMiDs in a new treatment paradigm to target both the tumor cell and the microenvironment, overcome classical drug resistance, and achieve improved outcome in this presently incurable disease.
Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease. A correlative in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction study. (1991)

The authors studied typical Hodgkin's disease along with the nodular, lymphocyte predominance subtype by both the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization for evidence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). By PCR, EBV DNA was detected in 12/23 cases of typical Hodgkin's disease and 2/13 cases of the nodular, lymphocyte predominance subtype. EBV RNA was detected by in situ hybridization studies within Reed-Sternberg cells and variants in 11/23 cases of typical Hodgkin's disease and 0/13 cases of nodular, lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. Other cells positive for EBV, identified as both B and T cells in double-labeling immunohistochemical/in situ hybridization studies, were found in 20/23 cases of typical Hodgkin's disease, 9/13 cases of nodular, lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease, 4/6 cases of progressive transformation of germinal centers, and 7/10 normal lymphoid tissues. It is concluded that EBV is significantly associated with Reed-Sternberg cells in approximately one-half cases of typical Hodgkin's disease but not in the nodular, lymphocyte predominance subtype. EBV-infected B and T cells are also present in a majority of cases of Hodgkin's disease as well as in reactive conditions.
The World Health Organization MONICA Project (Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): A major international Collaboration (1988)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Pharmacokinetics and Brain Uptake of a Genetically Engineered Bifunctional Fusion Antibody Targeting the Mouse Transferrin Receptor (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are potential new therapeutics for brain diseases. However, MAbs do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The present work describes the genetic engineering of a fusion protein composed of a therapeutic single chain Fv (ScFv) antibody and a mouse/rat chimeric MAb against the mouse transferrin receptor (TfR). The TfRMAb acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the therapeutic ScFv across the BBB in vivo in the mouse. The ScFv is fused to the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the chimeric TfRMAb, and this fusion protein is designated cTfRMAb-ScFv. Chinese hamster ovary cells were permanently transfected, and a high secreting cell line in serum free medium was cloned. The cTfRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was purified to homogeneity on gels and Western blotting with protein G affinity chromatography. The cTfRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was bifunctional and bound both the target antigen, as determined by ELISA, and the mouse TfR, as determined with a radio-receptor assay. The cTfRMAb-ScFv fusion protein was radio-iodinated with the Bolton-Hunter reagent, and a pharmacokinetics study in mice showed that the fusion protein was rapidly cleared from blood with a median residence time of 175 +/- 32 min. The fusion protein was avidly taken up by brain with a % injected dose (ID)/g of 3.5 +/- 0.7, as compared to an MAb with no receptor specificity, which was 0.06 +/- 0.01% ID/g. These studies demonstrate that therapeutic MAbs may be re-engineered as fusion proteins with BBB molecular Trojan horses for targeted delivery across the BBB in vivo.
KRAS gene amplification and overexpression but not mutation associates with aggressive and metastatic endometrial cancer (2012)

These results support that KRAS amplification and KRAS mRNA expression, both increasing from primary to metastatic lesions, are relevant for endometrial carcinoma disease progression.
Protective effect of carbon monoxide in transplantation (2006)

During the last decades due to the development of new immunosuppressive agents and improvements in organ preservation methods, surgical techniques, and postoperative care, organ transplantation has become an ultimate therapeutic option for irreversible organ failure. Early graft survival has significantly improved; however, the long-term outcome remains unsatisfactory. Multiple factors, both immunogenic and non-immunogenic etiologies, are involved in the deterioration of the allografts, and the recent use of expanded criteria donors to overcome the organ shortage may also contribute to the graft losses. Carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly viewed as a poison in high concentrations due to its ability to interfere with oxygen delivery. However, CO is endogenously produced in the body as a byproduct of heme degradation by the heme oxygenase (HO) and has recently received notable attention as a gaseous regulatory molecule. In fact, an augmentation of endogenous CO by induction of HO-1 or exogenously added CO is known to have potent cytoprotective effects in various disease models. Several recent reports have demonstrated that CO provides potent cytoprotective effects in the field of organ and cell transplantation. CO is able to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury, allograft rejection, and xenograft rejection via its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferation effects, suggesting that CO might be a valuable therapeutic option in the field of transplantation. Based on the recent advancement of our understanding of CO as a new therapeutic molecule, this review attempts to summarize the functional roles as well as biological and molecular mechanisms of CO in transplantation and discusses potential CO application to the clinical transplant setting.
PIMR: Parallel and Integrated Matching for Raw Data (2016)

With the trend of high-resolution imaging, computational costs of image matching have substantially increased. In order to find the compromise between accuracy and computation in real-time applications, we bring forward a fast and robust matching algorithm, named parallel and integrated matching for raw data (PIMR). This algorithm not only effectively utilizes the color information of raw data, but also designs a parallel and integrated framework to shorten the time-cost in the demosaicing stage. Experiments show that compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, the proposed algorithm yields a comparable recognition rate, while the total time-cost of imaging and matching is significantly reduced.
Broadband metasurface for independent control of reflected amplitude and phase (2016)

We propose an ultra-thin metasurface to control the amplitudes and phases independently of the reflected waves by changing geometries and orientations of I-shaped metallic particles. We demonstrate that the particles can realize independent controls of reflection amplitudes and phases with a magnitude range of [0, 0.82] and a full phase range of 360° in broad frequency band. Based on such particles, two ultrathin metasurface gratings are further proposed to form anomalous reflection with polarization orthogonal to the incident waves. The simulated and measured results of the presented metasurfaces show very good agreements. The proposed method has potential applications in engineering high-efficiency holography and complex electromagnetic and optical patterns.
Spawn: a distributed computational economy (1992)

The authors have designed and implemented an open, market-based computational system called Spawn. The Spawn system utilizes idle computational resources in a distributed network of heterogeneous computer workstations. It supports both coarse-grain concurrent applications and the remote execution of many independent tasks. Using concurrent Monte Carlo simulations as prototypical applications, the authors explore issues of fairness in resource distribution, currency as a form of priority, price equilibria, the dynamics of transients, and scaling to large systems. In addition to serving the practical goal of harnessing idle processor time in a computer network, Spawn has proven to be a valuable experimental workbench for studying computational markets and their dynamics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of three extracellular matrix degradative enzymes in bladder cancer (2001)

The relationship between expression of extracellular matrix degradative enzymes, angiogenesis and survival of multistage bladder cancer was determined. Expression of 3 extracellular matrix degradative enzymes (metalloproteinase-2, -9 and heparanase) and microvessel formation were examined in 40 resected bladder cancer specimens by immunohistostochemic staining, and then the association of the enzyme expression with angiogenesis and various stages of cancer was investigated. Heparanase protein expression in muscular invasive or lymph-node metastatic cancer was significantly higher than in superficial or nonmetastatic cancer, respectively (69% vs. 8%, p < 0.001, and 80% vs. 40%, p = 0.028, respectively). Interestingly, heparanase was expressed at much higher levels than matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. The mean microvessel count in cancers with heparanase expression was significantly higher than that in cancers without heparanase expression (32.3 +/- 18.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 6.1, p = 0.0008). The microvessel formation was not associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9. The cancer-specific and overall survival rates of patients with heparanase expression were significantly lower than those of patients without it (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that heparanase expression was a significantly independent prognostic factor for both cancer-specific (p = 0.0047) and overall survival (p = 0.0200). Our study suggested that heparanase plays important roles in invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer, and thus, this molecule could be a new molecule to inhibit invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer. Moreover, our results indicate that expression of heparanase could be a new prognostic factor of this disease.
Inactivated Sendai Virus Particles Eradicate Tumors by Inducing Immune Responses through Blocking Regulatory T Cells (2007)

UV-inactivated, replication-defective Sendai virus particles [hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E)] injected into murine colon carcinoma (CT26) tumors growing in syngeneic BALB/c mice eradicated 60% to 80% of the tumors and obviously inhibited the growth of the remainder. Induced adaptive antitumor immune responses were dominant in the tumor eradication process because the effect was abrogated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Murine and human dendritic cells underwent dose-dependent maturation by HVJ-E in vitro. Profiles of cytokines secreted by dendritic cells after HVJ-E stimulation showed that the amount of interleukin-6 (IL-6) released was comparable to that elicited by live HVJ. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that HVJ-E induced a remarkable infiltration of dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into tumors. In addition, CT26-specific CTLs were induced with the evidence of enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation in a CD4+CD25- T cell-dependent manner. On the other hand, conditioned medium from dendritic cells stimulated by HVJ-E rescued CD4+CD25- effector T-cell proliferation from Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression and IL-6 was presumably dominant for this phenomenon. We also confirmed such rescue in mice treated with HVJ-E in vivo. Moreover, antitumor effect of HVJ-E was significantly reduced by an in vivo blockade of IL-6 signaling. This is the first report to show that HVJ-E alone can eradicate tumors and the mechanism through which it induces antitumor immune responses. Because it can enhance antitumor immunity and simultaneously remove Treg-mediated suppression, HVJ-E shows promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer immunotherapy.
CMOS image sensors (2005)

In this article, we provide a basic introduction to CMOS image-sensor technology, design and performance limits and present recent developments and future directions in this area. We also discuss image-sensor operation and describe the most popular CMOS image-sensor architectures. We note the main non-idealities that limit CMOS image sensor performance, and specify several key performance measures. One of the most important advantages of CMOS image sensors over CCDs is the ability to integrate sensing with analog and digital processing down to the pixel level. Finally, we focus on recent developments and future research directions that are enabled by pixel-level processing, the applications of which promise to further improve CMOS image sensor performance and broaden their applicability beyond current markets.
ALOX5AP Gene and the PDE4D Gene in a Central European Population of Stroke Patients (2005)

The present study suggests that sequence variants in the ALOX5AP gene are significantly associated with stroke, particularly in males. Variants in the PDE4D gene are not a major risk factor for stroke in individuals from central Europe. Population differences in allele and haplotype frequencies as well as LD structure may contribute to the observed differences between populations.
A Chemical Synthesis of Periodic Macroporous NiO and Metallic Ni (1999)

A new and general way to prepare porous metals with highly ordered 3D arrays of void spaces is reported here. The technique involves filling the spaces between colloidal crystals in a 3D array with a metal ion solution, and removing the solvent to produce a salt skeleton. The skeleton then undergoes chemical transformation to produce a metallic framework, such as that of Ni (shown in the Figure), with pore sizes of a few hundred nanometers.
CLUSTER AND DUAL-LATERAL DRILLING TECHNOLOGIES OPTIMIZE RUSSIAN WELL PRODUCTION (1997)

Russia's largest drilling contractor, JSC Lukoil-Burenie, uses cluster drilling to improve rig mobilization and dual-lateral drilling to increase production. The company was created in 1995 from organizations formerly part of Lukoil Oil Co. In 1996, Lukoil-Burenie drilled 1,220,000 m (4,003,000 ft), including 1,029,000 m of production and 191,000 m of exploratory drilling. A total of 616 wells were drilled for customers. The company's headquarters is in Samara, Russia.
ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER INTO RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS (1996)

With the ultimate goal of modulating the host immune response in organ transplantation, gene therapy studies have demonstrated that direct plasmid DNA injection into transplanted myocardium can result in detectable levels of transgene expression. However, the restricted distribution and low level of transgene expression evident in these studies have limited its application. Recently, replication-defective adenovirus vectors have been shown to be an efficient gene-transfer vehicle in vivo whose infection does not require target-cell proliferation. In the present study, adenovirus vectors encoding reporter genes were delivered into transplanted hearts by either direct injection into the myocardium or perfusion via aorta of the donor hearts. The efficacy and stability of the transgene expression by perfusion and by direct injection were examined and compared. Using the adenovirus vector encoding the firefly luciferase gene, we found that a higher level of transgene expression was achieved by direct injection, but that more evenly distributed transgene expression was observed in hearts perfused with viral vector. These results were further confirmed by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactoside histochemical staining of another adenoviral vector encoding beta-galactosidase. The transgene expression was not stable and decreased within 1 month with either delivery method. Nevertheless, these results indicate that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer can result in short-term expression of the gene throughout the heart and may be useful as a gene vector in organ transplantation.
Subcellular Localization of the Type II cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (1992)

Diverse biochemical effects of different neurotransmitters or hormones that stimulate cAMP production may occur through activation of compartmentalized pools of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Evidence suggests that compartmentalization of type II PKA is maintained through protein-protein interactions between the regulatory subunit and specific anchoring proteins.
Update on Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium difficile: Resistance Mechanisms and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (2017)

Oral antibiotics such as metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin are therapies of choice for <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection. Several important mechanisms for <i>C. difficile</i> antibiotic resistance have been described, including the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes via the transfer of mobile genetic elements, selective pressure <i>in vivo</i> resulting in gene mutations, altered expression of redox-active proteins, iron metabolism, and DNA repair, as well as via biofilm formation. This update summarizes new information published since 2010 on phenotypic and genotypic resistance mechanisms in <i>C. difficile</i> and addresses susceptibility test methods and other strategies to counter antibiotic resistance of <i>C. difficile</i>.
NMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents as Trace Impurities (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTNMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents as Trace ImpuritiesHugo E. Gottlieb, Vadim Kotlyar, and Abraham NudelmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, IsraelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 21, 7512–7515Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1997Publication History Received27 June 1997Published online17 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971176vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971176vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views779575Altmetric-Citations3033LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Sodium,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Control of the G1/S transition. (1997)

On the basis of current knowledge, control of the G1/S phase transition is largely a matter of regulating a set of specific cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activities. In mammalian cells, the G1/S specific CDK activities are composed of complexes between D type cyclins and either CDK4 or CDK6 and between cyclin E (and possibly cyclin A) and CDK2. A variety of internal and external signals regulate G1/S specific CDKs by modulating cyclin availability, the levels of CDK inhibitory proteins and the phosphorylation status of CDKs. Although much is now known about the regulation of G1/S specific CDKs, the only well characterized substrate to date is the retinoblastoma gene product, RB. Phosphorylation of RB by CDKs neutralizes its cell cycle inhibitory properties, allowing progression of G1 to S phase. Not surprisingly, many components of the cell cycle regulatory machinery, including CDKs, CDK inhibitors and CDK substrates, are important targets of mutations that lead to human malignancy.