gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bipedal Dynamic Walking in Robotics (1998)

It is easier for bipedal robots to exist in a human oriented environment than for other types of robots. Furthermore, dynamic walking is more efficient than static walking. For a biped robot achieve dynamic balance while walking, a dynamic gait must be developed. Two different approaches to gait generation are presented---an intuitive approach using software for gait animation, and a periodic approach that provides a scalable gait with parameters for controlling step length, step height and step period. A biped robot also requires a control system to ensure the stability of the robot while walking. Various simple control techniques were tried---proportional control and proportional integral control systems were implemented to modify trunk motion in order to compensate for lower limb movement. A seven link biped robot with human proportions was designed and constructed, to apply the developed gaits and control systems. Several experiments were conducted to examine the stability of the...
Oral delivery of nanoparticle-based vaccines (2014)

Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract. Therefore, vaccines delivered to the mucosal tissues can mimic natural infections and provide protection at the first site of infection. Thus, mucosal, especially, oral delivery is becoming the most preferred mode of vaccination. However, oral vaccines have to overcome several barriers such as the extremely low pH of the stomach, the presence of proteolytic enzymes and bile salts as well as low permeability in the intestine. Several formulations based on nanoparticle strategies are currently being explored to prepare stable oral vaccine formulations. This review briefly discusses several molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal immune cell activation and various aspects of oral nanoparticle-based vaccine design that should be considered for improved mucosal and systemic immune responses.
Methionine Sulfoximine, a Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitor, Attenuates Increased Extracellular Potassium Activity during Acute Hyperammonemia (1997)

Hyperammonemia causes glutamine accumulation and astrocyte swelling. Inhibition of glutamine synthesis reduces ammonia-induced edema formation and watery swelling in astrocyte processes. Ordinarily, astrocytes tightly control extracellular K+ activity [K+]e. We tested the hypothesis that acute hyperammonemia interferes with this tight regulation such that [K+]e increases and that inhibition of glutamine synthetase reduces this increase in [K+]e. Ion-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure [K+]e in parietal cortex continuously over a 6-h period in anesthetized rats. After i.v. sodium acetate infusion in eight control rats, plasma ammonia concentration was 33 +/- 26 mumol/L (+/- SD) and [K+]e remained stable at 4.3 +/- 1.6 mmol/L. During ammonium acetate infusion in nine rats, plasma ammonia increased to 594 +/- 124 mumol/L at 2 h and to 628 +/- 135 mumol/L at 6 h. There was a gradual increase in [K+]e from 3.9 +/- 0.7 to 6.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/L at 2 h and 11.8 +/- 6.7 mmol/L at 6 h. In eight rats, L-methionine-D,L-sulfoximine (150 mg/kg) was infused 3 h before ammonium acetate infusion to inhibit glutamine synthetase. At 2 and 6 h of ammonium acetate infusion, plasma ammonia concentration was 727 +/- 228 and 845 +/- 326 mumol/L, and [K+]e was 4.5 +/- 1.9 and 6.1 +/- 3.8 mmol/L, respectively. The [K+]e value at 6 h was significantly less than that obtained with ammonium acetate infusion alone but was not different from that obtained with sodium acetate infusion. We conclude that acute hyperammonemia impairs astrocytic control of [K+]e and that this impairment is linked to glutamine accumulation rather than ammonium ions per se.
Minor Groove Recognition of the Conserved G⋅U Pair at the Tetrahymena ribozyme Reaction Site (1995)

The guanine-uracil (G.U) base pair that helps to define the 5'-splice site of group I introns is phylogenetically highly conserved. In such a wobble base pair, G makes two hydrogen bonds with U in a geometry shifted from that of a canonical Watson-Crick pair. The contribution made by individual functional groups of the G.U pair in the context of the Tetrahymena ribozyme was examined by replacement of the G.U pair with synthetic base pairs that maintain a wobble configuration, but that systematically alter functional groups in the major and minor grooves of the duplex. The substitutions demonstrate that the exocyclic amine of G, when presented on the minor groove surface by the wobble base pair conformation, contributes substantially (2 kilocalories.mole-1) to binding by making a tertiary interaction with the ribozyme active site. It contributes additionally to transition state stabilization. The ribozyme active site also makes tertiary contacts with a tripod of 2'-hydroxyls on the minor groove surface of the splice site helix. This suggests that the ribozyme binds the duplex primarily in the minor groove. The alanyl aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase recognizes the exocyclic amine of an invariant G.U pair and contacts a similar array of 2'-hydroxyls when binding the tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem, providing an unanticipated parallel between protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions.
Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of Andrographis paniculata extracts on skin disease causing pathogenic bacteria (2011)

Non-polar (dichloromethane) and polar (MeOH and aqueous) extracts of Andrographis paniculata (whole plant) were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against 10 skin disease causing bacterial strains (6 gram positive strains; Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus anthracis, Micrococcus luteus) and 4 gram negative strains (Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Neisseria meningitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using disc diffusion method at three different concentrations; 1000, 500 and 250 µg/disc respectively. The extracts showed significant antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains tested. Highest significant antibacterial activity was exerted by the aqueous extract against M. luteus at 1000 µg/disc and the least activity was exhibited by the DCM extract against N. meningitis at 250 µg/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) observed were between 150 to 300 µg/ml and 250 to 400 µg/ml respectively, depending on microorganism and the nature of various extracts. Time-kill experiments indicated that A. paniculataextracts have bactericidal characteristic against most of the Gram positive bacteria and bacteriostatic activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. These results candidly suggest the presence of promising antibacterial substances in the polar as well as non-polar extracts which could be the source of potential phytomedicine for the treatment of skin infections caused by the pathogenic bacterial strains. Our findings explicitly support its traditional claims and form a strong basis for further sincere efforts to explore A. paniculata’s antibacterial potential to treat skin frailties efficaciously.

	 

	Key words: Andrographis paniculata, antimicrobial activity, skin infections, disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, time to kill assay.
Detection algorithm and initial laboratory resultsusing V-BLAST space-time communication architecture (1999)

The signal detection algorithm of the vertical BLAST (Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time) wireless communications architecture is briefly described. Using this joint space-time approach, spectral efficiencies ranging from 20–40 bit/s/Hz have been demonstrated in the laboratory under flat fading conditions at indoor fading rates. Early results are presented.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of N-Arylrolipram Derivatives as Inhibitors of PDE4 Isozymes. (2001)

Structure activity studies of N-phenylrolipram derivatives have led to the identification of highly potent PDE4 inhibitors. The potential of these inhibitors for cellular activity was routinely assessed in an assay of fMLP induced oxidative burst in human eosinophils. Since first generation PDE4 inhibitors have been plagued with a number of unwanted side effects, parallel structure activity studies for competition with the [3H]-rolipram binding site in rat brain were performed. In this fashion 5-[4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(3-methoxybenzyloxy)benzoic acid N',N'-dimethylhydrazide (22) was identified as a potent inhibitor of PDE4 which exhibits >1000 fold selectivity versus PDE3, and is a nanomolar inhibitor in all the cellular assays tested. Studies on the stereoselectivity of PDE4 inhibition of this class of rolipram based compounds revealed, that for example (S)-11 is a more potent inhibitor than (R)-11. This effect can also be observed in primary human cells where the (S)-enantiomer is about 10 fold more potent than the corresponding (R)-enantiomer.
Prevention of carcinoma of cervix with human papillomavirus vaccine. (2002)

Further research is necessary to identify a effective and safe HPV vaccine, routes of administration and characteristics of potential beneficiaries.
Cross-linking Fc receptors on monocytes triggers IL-6 production. Role in anti-CD3-induced T cell activation. (1990)

IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine which is produced by a variety of cells. Therefore it was examined whether anti-CD3-induced T cell activation was associated with the induction of functionally relevant IL-6 in human monocyte accessory cells. Significantly increased amounts of IL-6 were detected in supernatants of anti-CD3-treated PBMC. Stimulation of FACS-sorted greater than 98% pure monocyte accessory cells, but not of highly purified T cells with anti-CD3, resulted in an increased IL-6 production. Furthermore, anti-CD3 significantly enhanced IL-6 mRNA expression in monocyte accessory cells. IL-6 production was not limited to anti-CD3, inasmuch as equivalent IL-6 stimulation could be achieved with a mouse IgG2a isotype control antibody. In contrast to solid phase-bound mouse IgG2a, the soluble form of this antibody failed to induce IL-6 secretion indicating a requirement for Fc gamma RI receptor cross-linking. Moreover, this property may be specific for the Fc gamma RI receptor inasmuch as mouse IgG1 antibodies binding to the Fc gamma RII receptor did not significantly enhance IL-6 production. The role of IL-6 being an additional signal in T cell activation was confirmed by the finding that an anti-IL-6 antiserum was able to suppress anti-CD3-induced T cell activation. These data indicate that binding of anti-CD3 to Fc gamma RI may generate an activation signal towards the monocyte accessory cell leading to the production and secretion of monocyte IL-6, which in turn augments T cell activation, and also may be relevant to a variety of antibody-mediated immune responses against viral and bacterial infections.
Carboxylic ionophores enhance the cytotoxic potency of ligand- and antibody-delivered ricin A chain. (1984)

The highly selective cytotoxicity of site-directed ricin A chain conjugates can be potentiated by membrane-active carboxylic ionophores. The combined use of the two agents results in much faster inactivation of ribosomes and subsequent cell death and lysis. The potency of A chain cytotoxins is correspondingly increased by several orders of magnitude and cells that sparsely express the target antigen or receptor can be killed.
Cloning and sequencing of the genes of 2‐hydoxyglutaryl‐CoA dehydratase from Acidaminococcus fermentans (1989)

Two genomic libraries from Acidaminococcus fermentans DNA constructed with the lambda vectors gt11 and EMBL 3 were screened with antisera raised against 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase. Two clones giving the strongest reaction in the immunoassay were analyzed further, one was a lambda gt11 clone with an insert of 2050 bp and one was a lambda EMBL-3 clone with an insert of approximately 11,000 bp. Escherichia coli cells infected with the lambda gt11 clone expressed the alpha subunit of the dehydratase (Mr, 53,870), whereas with the lambda EMBL-3 clone, the alpha and beta subunits (Mr, 41,857) were detected on Western blots. Restriction fragments of both clones were subcloned in pUC 8 and sequenced by the chain termination method. Thus the complete sequence of the genes of both subunits, hgdA (alpha) and hgdB (beta) were obtained. The genes have the following order: A-B, with an intergenic region of only 2 bp. The deduced amino acid sequences for the alpha and beta subunits were confirmed by four peptides sequenced by protein chemical methods. Both chains are extremely rich in cysteine (13 in alpha, including a CNC and two CC clusters, and nine in beta) but no similarities to other known protein sequences were found.
Natural Products of Abdominal and Metathoracic Scent Glands of Coreoid Bugs1, 2 (1975)

Journal Article Natural Products of Abdominal and Metathoracic Scent Glands of Coreoid Bugs, Get access Jeff R. Aldrich, Jeff R. Aldrich 3 3Present address: Dept. of Entomology, Univ. Georgia, Athens 30602. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Thomas R. Yonke Thomas R. Yonke 4Associate Professor of Entomology. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 68, Issue 6, 17 November 1975, Pages 955–960, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/68.6.955 Published: 17 November 1975 Article history Received: 10 March 1975 Published: 17 November 1975
Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of Sj??gren??s syndrome (1996)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia resulting from lymphocytic infiltrates of the lacrimal and salivary glands. The criteria for the diagnosis of SS continue to be controversial, leading to confusion in the clinical and research literature. It is important to distinguish SS (an idiopathic autoimmune process) from other processes, including hepatitis C infection, autonomic neuropathy, and drug side effects, that can result in sicca symptoms. Recent studies on the pathogenesis of SS in humans and in animal models examine the clonality of the T cell infiltrates, cytokine production by lymphocytes and glandular epithelial cells, neuroendocrine and hormonal factors that affect glandular secretion, and the fine structure of antigens recognized by T and B cells. Studies of SS have allowed comparison of lymphocytes in blood and in the glandular tissue lesions; important differences in the gland microenvironment play an important role in the initiation and perpetuation of the autoimmune process. For example, apoptotic death depends on the balance of Fas, Fas ligand, nuclear factors (eg, bcl-2, bax, and myc), cytokines, neuropeptides, and cell membrane interactions with extracellular matrix. Although increased rates of apoptosis may be present in the blood T cells of SS patients, some glandular T cells are resistant to apoptosis. Recent advances have led to improved understanding of signal transduction in response to cytokines and hormones that play a role in the local and systemic manifestations of SS. New approaches to therapy are designed to improve the qualitative properties of corneal epithelial surface, as well as increase tear volume.
Modulation of Bcl-2 protein levels by an intracellular anti-Bcl-2 single-chain antibody increases drug-induced cytotoxicity in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. (1998)

Extensive experimental evidence suggests that Bcl-2 promotes cell survival by preventing the onset of apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. In addition, Bcl-2 expression has been correlated with resistance and poor response to chemotherapy in a number of cell types. Therefore, this protein represents a logical target for gene therapy strategies designed to achieve selective gene product ablation. In this study, we have developed an approach based upon intracellular expression of single-chain antibodies (sFvs) to achieve modulation of Bcl-2 protein levels in target cells. Using a transient expression system, we show that this intracellular anti-Bcl-2 sFv mediates specific reduction of Bcl-2 levels. This effect significantly enhances drug-mediated cytotoxicity in Bcl-2-overexpressing tumor cells, whereas transfection of the anti-Bcl-2 sFv did not affect the growth rate of the tumor cell lines. This method thus represents a novel and efficient way to selectively abrogate the activity of Bcl-2.
Proteomic analysis reveals that 14-3-3sigma is down-regulated in human breast cancer cells. (2001)

The class of molecular chaperones known as 14-3-3 is involved in the control of cellular growth by virtue of its apparent regulation of various signaling pathways, including the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In breast cancer cells, the sigma form of 14-3-3 has been shown to interact with cyclin-dependent kinases and to control the rate of entry into mitosis. To test for a direct role for 14-3-3 in breast epithelial cell neoplasia, we have quantitated 14-3-3 protein levels using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). We show here that 14-3-3sigma protein is strongly down-regulated in the prototypic breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and in primary breast carcinomas as compared with normal breast epithelial cells. In contrast, levels of the alpha, beta, delta, or zeta isoforms of 14-3-3 were the same in both normal and transformed cells. The data support the idea that 14-3-3sigma is involved in the neoplastic transition of breast epithelial cells by virtue of its role as a tumor suppressor; as such, it may constitute a robust marker with clinical efficacy for this pathology.
A layered video object coding system using sprite and affine motion model (1997)

A layered video object coding system is presented in this paper. The goal is to improve video coding efficiency by exploiting the layering of video and to support content-based functionality. These two objectives are accomplished using a sprite technique and an affine motion model on a per-object basis. Several novel algorithms have been developed for mask processing and coding, trajectory coding, sprite accretion and coding, locally affine motion compensation, error signal suppression, and image padding. Compared with conventional frame-based coding methods, better experimental results on both hybrid and natural scenes have been obtained using our coding scheme. We also demonstrate content-based functionality which can be easily achieved in our system.
Complete Regression of Human Neuroblastoma Xenografts in Athymic Mice After Local Newcastle Disease Virus Therapy (1994)

These experiments may provide an important step in the development of new therapeutic approaches to challenging cancers such as neuroblastoma.
Instruction scheduling for the Motorola 88110 (1993)

The Motorola 88110 is an advanced superscalar design. The processor can issue up to two instructions per cycle among ten functional units, and it includes sophisticated load-store, speculative execution, exception recovery, and branch target buffer facilities. This paper examines several computationally inexpensive instruction scheduling strategies for a post-processor code optimizer for the 88110, including basic block scheduling using reservation tables for writeback buses as well as functional units, delayed branch removal, loop alignment, and special loop entry scheduling. For a set of 32 loop-intensive benchmarks, a combination of delayed branch removal and loop alignment yields the best code improvement. >
Platelet monoamine oxidase B and plasma beta-phenylethylamine in Parkinson's disease (2001)

The increase in platelet MAO-B activity and decrease in plasma PEA concentrations in patients with Parkinson's disease may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of the disease, and these changes are reversed by treatment with selegiline.
Adaptive Recognition by Nucleic Acid Aptamers (2000)

Nucleic acid molecules play crucial roles in diverse biological processes including the storage, transport, processing, and expression of the genetic information. Nucleic acid aptamers are selected in vitro from libraries containing random sequences of up to a few hundred nucleotides. Selection is based on the ability to bind ligand molecules with high affinity and specificity. Three-dimensional structures have been determined at high resolution for a number of aptamers in complex with their cognate ligands. Structures of aptamer complexes reveal the key molecular interactions conferring specificity to the aptamer-ligand association, including the precise stacking of flat moieties, specific hydrogen bonding, and molecular shape complementarity. These basic principles of discriminatory molecular interactions in aptamer complexes parallel recognition events central to many cellular processes involving nucleic acids.
Measuring the local pressure amplitude in microchannel acoustophoresis (2010)

A new method is reported on how to measure the local pressure amplitude and the Q factor of ultrasound resonances in microfluidic chips designed for acoustophoresis of particle suspensions. The method relies on tracking individual polystyrene tracer microbeads in straight water-filled silicon/glass microchannels. The system is actuated by a PZT piezo transducer attached beneath the chip and driven by an applied ac voltage near its eigenfrequency of 2 MHz. For a given frequency a number of particle tracks are recorded by a CCD camera and fitted to a theoretical expression for the acoustophoretic motion of the microbeads. From the curve fits we obtain the acoustic energy density, and hence the pressure amplitude as well as the acoustophoretic force. By plotting the obtained energy densities as a function of applied frequency, we obtain Lorentzian line shapes, from which the resonance frequency and the Q factor for each resonance peak are derived. Typical measurements yield acoustic energy densities of the order of 10 J/m(3), pressure amplitudes of 0.2 MPa, and Q factors around 500. The observed half wavelength of the transverse acoustic pressure wave is equal within 2% to the measured width w = 377 microm of the channel.
Dual band microstrip patch antenna element with parasitic for GSM (2002)

A dual band microstrip patch antenna element, suitable for GSM 900/1800 base station operation is presented. The geometry consists on a smaller patch inside a larger one. Coupling and separation are provided by a U-slot. A single-layer structure has been designed, fabricated and tested. Good agreement has been obtained between theoretical and experimental results. To provide the required bandwidth for the GSM bands a double-layer structure is under analysis.