gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Phosphatidylserine‐Dependent Antigens on the Surface of Differentiating BeWo Human Choriocarcinoma Cells (1995)

These observations demonstrate that a PS-dependent antigen is expressed on the surface of a model of differentiating cytotrophoblastic cells and should be accessible in vivo to circulating aPLs.
Estrogenic Regulation of Uterine 90-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein * (1988)

Recently two lines of evidence have implicated that cellular heat shock proteins (hsp) may play a role in steroid hormonal regulation of target tissues. One is the demonstration that cellular 90K hsp (hsp-90) can complex with steroid receptors in vitro and inhibit their ability to interact with DNA, and second, the demonstration that in avian oviduct sex steroids can regulate the synthesis of hsp-108. As yet, there is no report that sex steroids can regulate hsp-90 synthesis, especially in mammalian tissues. In these studies we have examined the estrogenic regulation of murine uterine hsp-90. We report that ovariectomy reduces the uterine concentration of hsp-90, and estradiol causes a time-dependent increase in uterine hsp-90 as early as 4 h after steroid administration, reaching a maximum increase of 4-fold between 18-24 h. The effect is specific to estrogens and not elicited by other steroid hormones. It is also target tissue specific, such that it is seen with uterus and vagina and does not occur in nontarget tissue for estradiol, such as spleen. The possible physiological significance of estrogenic stimulation of uterine hsp-90 has been discussed.
The Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of the SH2 Domain from p55blk Kinase (1996)

Signal transduction in B cells is mediated, in part, by the interaction of the cytoplasmic components of the antigen receptor complex and various members of the src family tyrosine kinases. Key to this process appears to be the interaction of the tyrosine kinase SH2 domains with the tyrosine-phosphorylated cytoplasmic domain of Ig-alpha, a disulfide-bonded heterodimeric (with Ig-beta or Ig-gamma) transmembrane protein that noncovalently associates with the antigen receptor immunoglobin chains. In addition to binding to the phosphorylated cytoplasmic domains of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, blk and fyn(T), two members of the src family kinases, have been shown to bind overlapping but distinct sets of phosphoproteins [Malek & Desiderio (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268. 22557-22565]. A comparison of their three-dimensional structures may elucidate the apparently subtle differences required for phosphoprotein discrimination. To begin characterizing the blk/fyn/phosphosphoprotein interactions, we have determined the three-dimensional solution structure of the SH2 domain of blk kinase by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 1H, 13C, and 15N resonances of the SH2 domain of blk kinase were assigned by analysis of multidimensional, double- and triple-resonance NMR experiments. Twenty structures of the blk SH2 domain were refined with the program X-PLOR using a total of 2080 experimentally derived conformational restraints. The structures converged to a root-mean-squared (rms) distance deviation of 0.51 and 0.95 A for the backbone atoms and for the non-hydrogen atoms, respectively. The blk SH2 domain adopts the prototypical SH2 fold. Structurally, blk SH2 is most similar to the crystal structure of the v-src SH2 domain [Waksman et al. (1993) Nature 358.646-653] and superimposes on the crystal structure with an rmsd of 1.52 A for the backbone atoms. The largest deviations occur in the four loops interconnecting beta-strands A-E, which are the least well-defined regions in the NMR structure. Exclusion of these loops lowers this rmsd to 0.82 A. The conformation of the BC loop in the blk SH2 domain is similar to the open conformation in the apo lck SH2 domain, suggesting that, like the lck SH2 domain, the blk SH2 domain may have a gated phosphopeptide binding site. Finally, it is proposed that the amino acid substitution of Lys 88 (blk) for Glu [fyn(T)] is important for the observed differences in specificity between blk and fyn(T) SH2 domains.
Annexins – unique membrane binding proteins with diverse functions (2004)

Annexins are a well-known multigene family of Ca(2+)-regulated phospholipid-binding and membrane-binding proteins. Recent work employing annexin-knockdown or - knockout models has provided new insights into the biological functions of different annexin proteins. Transient annexin depletion by RNA interference and the expression of dominant-negative mutant proteins has revealed roles for the proteins in membrane processes ranging from the control of membrane structure to certain membrane transport phenomena. Although such functions correlate well with the ability of annexins to interact with cellular membranes in a reversible and regulated manner, some activities are membrane independent, probably because annexins can also engage in specific protein-protein interactions. Among other things, this is evident in annexin A1- and A2-knockout mice, which show impaired regulation of neutrophil extravasation and defects in plasmin generation, respectively.
Interaction of a tissue-specific factor with an essential rat growth hormone gene promoter element. (1987)

Rat growth hormone (rGH) gene expression is normally restricted to the anterior pituitary. As a model of this tissue specificity, we compared the transient expression of an rGH-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) hybrid gene in rGH-producing rat pituitary tumor (GC) cells and in non-rGH-producing rat fibroblast (rat-2) cells. Deletion analysis of the rGH portion of this hybrid gene demonstrated that DNA sequences within 140 base pairs 5' to the rGH gene were sufficient for correct cell type-specific expression. Deletion of an additional 35 base pairs of the rGH 5'-flanking DNA resulted in a loss of expression of the transfected hybrid gene and correlated with the interaction of a putative trans-acting factor with this region of the rGH promoter. This factor was detectable by DNase I footprinting in a crude nuclear extract from GC cells but not from rat-2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis of the footprint region caused complete loss of expression of a hybrid gene containing 530 base pairs 5' to the rGH gene. Thus, the interaction of this factor, which we term GC2, is likely to be essential for the tissue-specific expression of the rGH gene.
The risk of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with docetaxel: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2009)

We aimed to assess the incidence of febrile neutropenia in patients with non small cell lung cancer treated with docetaxel as second line chemotherapy by systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Published studies were retrieved and included if they considered docetaxel at the licensed dose after a previous chemotherapy regimen, and reported the proportion of patients getting FN. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the proportion of patients who experience one or more episodes of FN. The pooled, random effects meta-analysis estimate for the proportion of patients who experience one or more episodes of FN on docetaxel was 5.95% (95% CI 4.22-8.31) based on 13 studies, comprising 1609 patients. No significant differences were seen either between studies that permitted the use of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors or between phase II and phase III trials.Evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests that the incidence of FN with docetaxel is around 6% and therefore an important factor to consider in the choice of the chemotherapy regimen.
Sequences within the 5′-flanking region of the S14 gene confer responsiveness to glucose in primary hepatocytes (1989)

The DNA sequences involved in control of S14 gene expression in response to carbohydrate have been studied. The levels of S14 mRNA in primary hepatocytes increase when glucose in the media is elevated from 5.5 to 27.7 mM in the presence of insulin. Following lipofection of primary hepatocytes, plasmids containing S14 genomic sequences from -4316 to +19 relative to the start of transcription were sufficient to confer glucose regulation to the linked marker gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Deletions of the S14 sequences between -4316 and -1601 led to a significant reduction in glucose-stimulated activity with each successive deletion, suggesting the presence of multiple regulatory elements. The response of the transfected construct containing 4316 base pairs of S14 5'-flanking region mimicked changes in the endogenous S14 mRNA levels in all hormonal and nutritional conditions tested, supporting the physiological significance of the response.
Living Organotitanium(IV)-Catalyzed Polymerizations of Isocyanates (1996)

An organotitanium(IV) compound, TiCl3OCH2CF3, 1, was found to polymerize n-hexyl isocyanate to high yields and without the formation of cyclic trimer. CpTiCl2L (L = −OCH2CF3, −N(CH3)2, −CH3), 2−4, respectively, likewise polymerized n-hexyl isocyanate but also polymerized isocyanates in the presence of donor solvents and isocyanates possessing donor functional groups, activated olefins, and strained olefins. The activity of the organotitanium(IV) catalysts decreased with increasing steric bulk about the metal center and increasing electron donation to the metal center from the ligands. The polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate using organotitanium(IV) compounds is living. The PDIs of PHIC synthesized using catalysts 1−4 were found to range from 1.05 to 1.2. The molecular weight of the polymer formed in polymerizations of n-hexyl isocyanate using catalysts 1−4 varied linearly as a function of the monomer-to-initiator ratio and the percent conversion of the polymerization. Polymerizations using 2 can be endcapped quantitatively, and well-defined block copolymers can be synthesized using catalysts 1−4. The kinetics for polymerizations using catalysts 1 and 2 are first-order in both monomer and catalyst (k1 = 8.5 × 10-4 mol L-1 s-1, k-1 = 3.8 × 10-4 s-1). The active endgroup of a polymerization using 3 was observed using IR spectroscopy, and the frequency of the IR stretch (1548 cm-1) was consistent with an η2-amidate endgroup structure. Finally, the kinetic data for the polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate and the known chemistry of CpTiCl2L compounds were found to be consistent with a propagation step that occurs via a bifunctional activation mechanism.
Proteins interacting with the molecular chaperone hsp70/hsc70: physical associations and effects on refolding activity (1997)

We investigated several hsp70/hsc70 interacting proteins and established by two independent techniques that hsp40 and Hop/p60 specifically interact with the 257 residue carboxy-terminal domain of hsp70 while Hap-46 and Hip/p48 bind the 383 residue amino-terminal ATP binding domain. Hap-46 and Hip/p48 competed for binding to hsc70, while Hap-46 had no effect on the binding of either Hop/p60 or hsp40 to hsc70. Hap-46 inhibited the refolding of thermally denatured firefly luciferase in an hsc70 and hsp40 dependent assay, and this effect was largely compensated by Hop/p60. These interacting proteins thus appear to cooperate in affecting the chaperoning activity of hsp70/hsc70.
Pelvic Radiation with Concurrent Chemotherapy Compared with Pelvic and Para-Aortic Radiation for High-Risk Cervical Cancer (1999)

The addition of chemotherapy with fluorouracil and cisplatin to treatment with external-beam and intracavitary radiation significantly improved survival among women with locally advanced cervical cancer.
NONANTIGENICITY AND IMMUNOLOGIC TOLERANCE: THE ROLE OF THE CARRIER IN THE INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE TO THE HAPTEN (1971)

Treatment of adult mice with dinitrophenyl (DNP) bound to isogeneic serum resulted in a specific inability to respond to DNP after challenge with DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The unresponsiveness to the hapten had all the characteristics of immunologic tolerance: it had a definite induction time; it was transient but could be maintained by additional injections of the tolerogen; it was antigen specific and dose dependent. In addition, the induction of tolerance to DNP is dependent on the nature of the carrier. Two main conclusions can be drawn from these data: DNP conjugates of three homopolymers of lysine were found to be nonimmunogenic in mice, yet tolerogenic. Thus, antigenicity is not necessary to induce tolerance. Among the various carriers tested, isogeneic 7S immunoglobulin (IgG) was found to be the most effective to induce and maintain tolerance to the hapten. This suggests that IgG may have a function other than its usual role as an immunoglobulin.
Thrombin-Receptor Antagonist Vorapaxar in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2011)

In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRACER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00527943.).
THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION UPON SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS OF A SO_2 SORBENT FROM FLY ASH (2003)

NaOH,fly ash and H 2O are used in a solid state reaction at 10 atm for 2 days to prepare a basic sodalite Na 8(AlSiO 4) 6·(OH) 2·2H 2O at a temperature of 100℃ and an amorphous aluminosilicate material(FA NSA)coluld be obtained at 300℃.The effect of temperatures on solid state reaction is largely.
Interactive multiuser VEs in the DIVE system (1996)

Multiuser virtual environments (VEs) raise challenging research questions concerning how users interact with objects, applications, and other users, and how distributed VEs behave when the number of users increases. The Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment (DIVE) is a software platform for multiuser VEs that has served as a toolkit for many distributed VE applications. It emphasizes networking and human-computer interaction and supports autonomous behavior-driven objects, collision detection, and audio and 3D navigation.
Variant genotypes of FcγRIIIA influence the development of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected men (2000)

Disturbances in inflammatory cytokine production and immune regulation coupled with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection underlie the current understanding of the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common HIV-associated malignancy. The low affinity Fc gamma receptors (FcgammaR) for IgG link humoral and cellular immunity by mediating interaction between antibodies and effector cells, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. We examined the frequency of polymorphic forms of the low affinity FcgammaRs, FcgammaRIIA, FcgammaRIIIA, and FcgammaRIIIB in 2 cohorts of HIV-infected men with KS and found that the FcgammaRIIIA genotype exerts a significant influence on susceptibility to or protection from KS. The FF genotype was underrepresented in patients with KS, whereas the VF genotype was associated with development of KS. A similar association was observed between FcgammaRIIIA genotypes and HHV-8 seropositivity. These observations suggest a possible role for FcgammaRIIIA in the development of KS during HIV infection.
Troponin (1968)

1. A method for isolation of troponin from native tropomyosin was described. 2. Troponin in combination with tropomyosin restored the whole activity of native tropomyosin in sensitizing the interaction of myosin and actin to Ca ion. 3. Troponin was found to bind nearly 4 moles of Ca per 105 g, of which most were exchangeable. The result of the experiment to determine the binding constant of these Ca binding sites was explained by assuming that half of the binding sites possessed a binding constant of 1.3 × 106 M−1and the remaining half 5×104 M−1. 4. The amount of exchangeable Ca in the contractile system was mainly accounted for by the Ca-binding capacity of troponin, which was not influenced by other contractile proteins or ATP. 5. Cardiac troponin showed a much higher affinity for Sr ion than skeletal troponin. The ratio of the former affinity to the latter was in good agreement with the ratio of the sensitivity to Sr ion of a reconstituted contractile system containing cardiac troponin to that containing skeletal troponin. Based on these findings and the results described above, it was concluded that the sensitivity of a contractile system to Ca ion is solely dependent upon the affinity for Ca ion of the troponin molecule present. 6. The mechanism of troponin regulation of the interaction of actin and myosin was discussed.
Cytokines and Fibrogenesis (1999)

Cytokines play a major role in the development of hepatic fibrosis, the wound-healing response of the liver to chronic injury. Major concepts in defining the role of cytokines in fibrogenesis include (1) Cytokines may be pro- or antifibrogenic; (2) autocrine, paracrine, and matrix-bound sources of cytokines are the most important; and (3) multiple mechanisms of cytokine regulation are essential to fine-tune their effects. The hepatic stellate cell is the key effector of the fibrotic response and both a principal source and target of cytokines. Activation of stellate cells connotes the conversion of a resting vitamin A-rich cell to one which is proliferative, contractile, fibrogenic, and devoid of vitamin A. The features of stellate cell activation provide a framework in which to understand how cytokines drive fibrosis. These features include (1) proliferation; (2) contractility; (3) fibrogenesis; (4) extracellular matrix degradation; (5) chemotaxis; (6) cytokine release; and (7) retinoid loss. The insights gained from illuminating the role of stellate cells has engendered realistic hopes for treating hepatic fibrosis through modulation of cytokine actions.
Autocorrelation function of the polarization-mode dispersion vector (1999)

We derive, for what is believed to be the first time, the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector, which gives information on the bandwidths of the principal states of polarization. We compare the ACF with measured data and find good agreement. Finally, we apply the derived ACF to calculate the average pulse broadening that is due to PMD.
<title>Supercritical fluid processing: opportunities for new resist materials and processes</title> (1996)

Over the past two decades supercritical fluids have been utilized as solvents for carrying out separations of materials as diverse as foods, polymers, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, natural products, and explosives. More recently they have been used for non-extractive applications such as recrystallization, deposition, impregnation, surface modification, and as a solvent alternative for precision parts cleaning. Today, supercritical fluid extraction is being practiced in the foods and beverage industries; there are commercial plants for decaffeinating coffee and tea, extracting beer flavoring agents from hops, and separating oils and oleoresins from spices. Interest in supercritical fluid processing of polymers has grown over the last ten years, and many new purification, fractionation, and even polymerization techniques have emerged. One of the most significant motivations for applying this technology to polymers has been increased performance demands. More recently, with increasing scrutiny of traditional solvents, supercritical fluids, and in particular carbon dioxide, are receiving widespread attention as 'environmentally conscious' solvents. This paper describes several examples of polymers applications, including a few involving photoresists, which demonstrate that as next- generation advanced polymer systems emerge, supercritical fluids are certain to offer advantages as cutting edge processing tools.
Graph-Based Variability Estimation in Single-Trial Event-Related Neural Responses (2010)

Extracting information from multitrial magnetoencephalography or electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is challenging because of the very low SNR, and because of the inherent variability of brain responses. The problem of low SNR is commonly tackled by averaging multiple repetitions of the recordings, also called trials, but the variability of response across trials leads to biased results and limits interpretability. This paper proposes to decode the variability of neural responses by making use of graph representations. Our approach has several advantages compared to other existing methods that process single-trial data: first, it avoids the a priori definition of a model for the waveform of the neural response; second, it does not make use of the average data for parameter estimation; third, it does not suffer from initialization problems by providing solutions that are global optimum of cost functions; and last, it is fast. We proceed in two steps. First, a manifold learning algorithm, based on a graph Laplacian, offers an efficient way of ordering trials with respect to the response variability, under the condition that this variability itself depends on a single parameter. Second, the estimation of the variability is formulated as a combinatorial optimization that can be solved very efficiently using graph cuts. Details and validation of this second step are provided for latency estimation. Performance and robustness experiments are conducted on synthetic data, and results are presented on EEG data from a P300 oddball experiment.
Hydrogen bonding interactions between Starburst dendrimers and several molecules of biological interest (1999)

1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the interactions between poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Starburst dendrimers (SBDs) 1–4 and several biologically important guests (pyridine, quinoline, quinazoline, nicotine and trimethadione). Association constants obtained from changes in the chemical shifts of the amide protons in the host indicate two different interaction sites inside and on the periphery of the dendrimer. Binding at the inner site is inhibited in the ester-terminated dendrimers. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology of rotavirus electropherotypes determined by a simplified diagnostic technique with RNA analysis (1985)

The incidence and RNA electropherotypes of rotavirus in stools or rectal swabs of children with diarrhea were studied for three rotavirus seasons (1981 through 1984) in Philadelphia, Pa. We used a simplified RNA analysis method involving polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Phosphate-buffered saline suspensions of the stools and swab eluates were examined directly by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-silver staining analysis and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (Rotazyme; Abbott Laboratories); electron microscopy was performed on solid stool specimens. The RNA analysis results were compared with electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results and exhibited a sensitivity and specificity greater than or equal to that of electron microscopy or the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ten different electropherotypes were detected among the 68 rotavirus RNA-positive specimens examined over the 3-year study. The predominant electropherotype was different in each season. Our results indicate that the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-silver nitrate strain RNA analysis of simple unextracted stool suspensions is a uniquely useful diagnostic technique; it rapidly provides both a definitive positive result and immediate determination of the RNA electropherotype, which is of value for epidemiological study.