gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of proteins with the Behring Nephelometer. A multicentre evaluation. (1989)

The selective multi-protein analyser Behring Nephelometer was examined according to the ECCLS guidelines in a multicentre evaluation involving five laboratories. IgG, IgA, IgM, C-reactive protein, C3c, C4, apolipoprotein A-I and B were measured in serum, and albumin and IgG were measured in cerebrospinal fluid. All values obtained were included in the evaluation without correcting for outliers. The trial, which lasted three months and involved over 20,000 analyses, basically yielded the following results: 1. The precision was generally better than that of comparative procedures. For the majority of methods, the between-day coefficients of variation were below 4.5%. The highest coefficient of variation was 7.2% (for C-reactive protein) and the lowest 1.35% (for C3c). 2. The fraction of assigned values of control materials varied between 0.95 and 1.08. 3. Good agreement was found with results from the comparison procedures: Beckman ICS, Behring Laser Nephelometer, Hyland Laser Nephelometer. 4. No carry-over effects were observed. 5. No interferences were observed for IgG, IgA and IgM determinations using hyperbilirubinaemic or haemolytic samples. In contrast lipaemic samples and some with monoclonal immunoglobulin M showed an influence on the immunoephelometric reaction. 6. Because of the large measuring range, it is necessary to repeat analyses only in extremely rare cases. 7. During the entire evaluation period no instrument malfunctions or interruptions occurred. As a result of its reliability, the Behring Nephelometer is well suited for routine operation and emergency analyses in medium and large-sized laboratories.
Assay of Clozapine and Risperidone in Commercial Tablets by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (2001)

A simple HPLC-UV method for the assay of clozapine and risperidone in tablets is described. This method was developed using a SymmetryRC18 5-μm reverse-phase column and a methanol/water/dimethylamine (70:30:0.04, v/v/v) mobile phase. Clozapine and risperidone were extracted from tablets with methanol. Absolute recoveries of clozapine and risperidone from tablets were greater than 99 %. Quantitation was linear over the range of 50-500 ng/mL for each analyte (r ≧ 0.997). The relative standard deviation and relative error for intra and interday assays were all Jess than 6 %. The detection limits (S/N = 3, injection 10 μl) were about 15 ng/mL for clozapine and 10 ng/mL for risperidone. The assay purity of commercial tablets was found to be between 94.3 – 103.0 %.
OpenDRM: A Standards Framework for Digital Rights Expression, Messaging and Enforcement (2002)

...Build a platform, or set of protocols, so that it can evolve in any number of ways; don't play God; don't hardwire any single path of development; don't build into it a middle that can meddle with its use. Keep the core simple and let the application (or end) develop the complexity...No one can control how the system will evolve. No single individual gets to set the path the system will follow. It might evolve to follow a path, but it will evolve by the collective choice of many... Lawrence Lessig, Open Code and Open Societies (1999) [OpenCode]
Veterans Administration Acute Stroke (VASt) Study (2003)

Aside from cerebral angiography and ECG, there were no race/ethnic-based disparities in the utilization of a variety of stroke-related procedures and services. The difference in the use of angiography is unlikely to be related to a difference in screening for carotid endarterectomy because there was no difference in the frequency of carotid ultrasonography. The reason ECG was obtained more frequently in nonwhites is uncertain.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyphenols (2003)

In vitro synthesis of polyphenols using isolated enzymes as catalyst via non-biosynthetic pathways is reviewed. Various phenols have been subjected to an oxidative polymerization catalyzed by peroxidase, laccase, or bilirubin oxidase under mild reaction conditions. In most cases, polyphenols with a mixed structure of phenylene and oxyphenylene units have been formed. By utilizing specific enzymatic catalysis, regio- and chemoselective polymerizations have occurred, yielding functional and useful polymers, which are often difficult to synthesize by conventional methodologies. Enzymatic curing of urushiol analogues produces crosslinked polymeric films (“artificial urushi”) with high hardness and good elasticity. Keywords: Polyphenols, polymerizations, chemoselective
Stability analysis of multimachine power networks with linear frequency dependent loads (1982)

This paper presents a more complete stability analysis of a new power system model which was presented in [1]. The essential feature of the model is the assumption of frequency dependent loads. This facilitates a dynamic representation directly in terms of the network structure. Consequently, concepts and results from circuit theory can play a strong role in the stability analysis of the model. The multivariable Popov criterion is used to obtain general Lure-Postnikov type Lyapunov functions which rigorously allow for the presence of (frequency dependent) real power loads. This has not been possible with the previously used model. Results are given for both local (dynamic) stability and for determination of regions of asymptotic (transient) stability.
Organolanthanide hydride chemistry. 3. Reactivity of low-valent samarium with unsaturated hydrocarbons leading to a structurally characterized samarium hydride complex (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganolanthanide hydride chemistry. 3. Reactivity of low-valent samarium with unsaturated hydrocarbons leading to a structurally characterized samarium hydride complexWilliam J. Evans, Ira Bloom, William E. Hunter, and Jerry L. AtwoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5, 1401–1403Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00343a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00343a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views718Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Detection of breast cancer cells using targeted magnetic nanoparticles and ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors (2011)

These results suggest that the antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles are promising reagents to apply to in vivo breast tumor cell detection, and that SQUID-detected magnetic relaxometry is a viable, rapid, and highly sensitive method for in vitro nanoparticle development and eventual in vivo tumor detection.
Thermodynamics of Duplex Formation and Mismatch Discrimination on Photolithographically Synthesized Oligonucleotide Arrays (1997)

Oligonucleotide probes immobilized on solid supports are finding increasingly widespread application in genetic analysis. We seek to provide a better understanding of the fundamental thermodynamic aspects of duplex formation in these systems. Equilibrium melting curves for the adsorption of 10-, 20-, 30-, and 40-base oligonucleotides to 10-, 12-, 14-, 16-, 18-, and 20-base probe sites on an Affymetrix GeneChip® array have been investigated.1 The melt curves are depressed and broadened relative to corresponding solution phase species. Melt curves show multistep behavior above a threshold target concentration that decreases for longer target DNA. Melting temperatures (Tm) are weakly dependent on probe length. Mismatches introduce Tm depressions that are nearly normal at 10-mer probe sites but decrease with increasing probe length. Saturating adsorption densities at perfect match probe sites are less than 10% of the probe density and exceed the corresponding mismatch densities in all cases. The anomalies in the equilibrium data cannot be fully attributed to the presence of truncated probes, and implicate target DNA binding to multiple probes ("probe bridging") and probe-probe interactions that compete with 1:1 probe:target binding.
Curcumin, a Major Constituent of Turmeric, Corrects Cystic Fibrosis Defects (2004)

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The most common mutation, DeltaF508, results in the production of a misfolded CFTR protein that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted for degradation. Curcumin is a nontoxic Ca-adenosine triphosphatase pump inhibitor that can be administered to humans safely. Oral administration of curcumin to homozygous DeltaF508 CFTR mice in doses comparable, on a weight-per-weight basis, to those well tolerated by humans corrected these animals' characteristic nasal potential difference defect. These effects were not observed in mice homozygous for a complete knockout of the CFTR gene. Curcumin also induced the functional appearance of DeltaF508 CFTR protein in the plasma membranes of transfected baby hamster kidney cells. Thus, curcumin treatment may be able to correct defects associated with the homozygous expression of DeltaF508 CFTR.
Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men (2010)

Oral FTC-TDF provided protection against the acquisition of HIV infection among the subjects. Detectable blood levels strongly correlated with the prophylactic effect. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00458393.).
Kappa- and delta-opioids block sympathetically dependent hyperalgesia (1991)

Direct hyperalgesia induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can be blocked by mu- but not delta- or kappa-opioids. However, there is evidence that kappa- and delta-opioid receptors are located on sympathetic postganglionic neuron (SPGN) terminals, which mediate bradykinin (BK) hyperalgesia via SPGN-terminal-dependent production of PGE2. Therefore, we evaluated the antinociceptive effect of delta- and kappa-opioids on BK hyperalgesia. We demonstrate that the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intradermal injection of BK can be blocked by the kappa-opioid agonist trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(-pyrrolidinyl)cyclo-hexyl] benzeneacetamide (U50,488H) and by the delta-opioid agonist (D-Pen2,5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), as well as the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol(DAMGO). Pertussis toxin prevented the inhibition of BK-induced hyperalgesia by U50,488H, DPDPE, or DAMGO. We conclude that the observed peripheral analgesic effects of kappa- and delta-opioid agonists result from actions upon SPGN terminals and that these effects are mediated by inhibitory G-proteins.
The rectal complex of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor , L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) (1964)

Abstract The rectal complex of the mealworm is an example of the ‘cryptonephric’ condition, wherein the distal ends of the Malpighian tubules are closely applied to the rectum and enclosed with it in a special chamber, the perinephric space, which is separated from the rest of the body cavity by the perinephric membrane. Wigglesworth has suggested that this arrangement serves to assist in the removal of water from the faeces by the rectal epithelium, but its physiological mechanism has remained virtually unexplored. In the present work the ability of the rectal complex to remove water from the faeces has been quantified and it is shown that the faecal pellets are in equilibrium with an atmosphere of 90 % relative humidity (average) and sometimes of as low as 75 % relative humidity. The concentration of the perinephric fluid is greater than that of the haemolymph (first observed by Saini); when the insect is deprived of water the freezing-point depression of the perinephric fluid may reach 8 °C at the posterior end of the rectal complex, and is mainly due to some nonelectrolyte. The freezing-point depression of the tubular fluid from the perirectal tubules is always very close to that of the perinephric fluid and can be almost completely accounted for as potassium chloride which may reach a concentration of over 2 m . The perinephric membrane is relatively impermeable to water. Water injected into the rectal lumen is quickly absorbed into the perinephric space and eliminated via the tubules. It is suggested that the physiological mechanism of the rectal complex is as follows. In water-deprivation the concentration of the haemolymph rises and this activates the rectal complex. Activation involves the secretion of potassium chloride from the haemolymph into the perirectal tubules (either directly or indirectly) whereby water is passively drawn into the tubules from the perinephric fluid. The concentration of the perinephric fluid is thereby increased and the work required to be done by the rectal epithelium in removing water from the faeces is decreased.
Fully coupled electrothermal mixed-mode device simulation of SiGe HBT circuits (2001)

It is well known that for the design and simulation of state-of-the-art circuits thermal effects like self-heating and coupling between individual devices must be taken into account. As compact models for modern or experimental devices are not readily available, a mixed-mode device simulator capable of thermal simulation is a valuable source of information, Considering self-heating and coupling effects results in a very complex equation system which can only be solved using sophisticated techniques. We present a fully coupled electrothermal mixed-mode simulation of an SiGe HBT circuit using the design of the /spl mu/A709 operational amplifier. By investigating the influence of self-heating effects on the device behavior we demonstrate that the consideration of a simple power dissipation model instead of the lattice heat flow equation is a very good approximation of the more computation time consuming solution of the lattice heat flow equation.
Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of high glass transition polyimides (1999)

Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers with glass transition temperatures (Tg) as high as 275°C were prepared by covalent bonding of a chromophore to the backbone of hydroxyl polyimides via a Mitsunobu reaction. NLO side-chain polyimides with different polymer backbones and different chromophores were prepared and characterized by second-harmonic generation. Poled films of the polymers have an excellent nonlinear optical response that is stable at elevated temperatures.
Blocking Interhost Transmission of Influenza Virus by Vaccination in the Guinea Pig Model (2009)

Interventions aimed at preventing viral spread have the potential to effectively control influenza virus in all age groups, thereby reducing the burden of influenza illness. For this reason, we have examined the efficacy of vaccination in blocking the transmission of influenza viruses between guinea pigs. Three modes of immunization were compared: (i) natural infection; (ii) intramuscular administration of whole, inactivated influenza virus in 2 doses; and (iii) intranasal inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus in 2 doses. The ability of each immunization method to block the spread of a homologous (A/Panama/2007/99) H3N2 subtype and a heterologous (A/Wisconsin/67/05) H3N2 subtype influenza virus was tested. We found that previous infection through a natural route provided sterilizing immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenges; thus, no transmission to or from previously infected animals was observed. Vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in contrast, did not prevent guinea pigs from becoming infected upon challenge with either virus. Thus, both intranasal inoculation and exposure to an acutely infected guinea pig led to the infection of vaccinated animals. Vaccination with inactivated virus did, however, reduce viral load upon challenge and decrease the number of secondary transmission events from vaccinated animals to naïve cage mates. Vaccination with a live attenuated virus was found to be more efficacious than vaccination with inactivated virus, resulting in sterilizing immunity against homologous challenge and full protection against the transmission of the homologous and heterologous viruses to naïve contacts. In conclusion, we have shown that the guinea pig model can be used to test influenza virus vaccines and that the efficiency of transmission is a valuable readout when vaccine efficacy is evaluated.
Neural traffic sign recognition for autonomous vehicles (2002)

A vision-based vehicle guidance system working in road environments has three main roles: road detection, sign recognition, and obstacles detection. Traffic signs provide very valuable information about the road in order to provide safer and easy driving environment. Traffic signs are designed to be easily recognized by human drivers mainly because their colors and shapes are very different from natural environments. The algorithm presented in this paper makes the best use of these features. The algorithm has two main parts: 1) for detection using the colors and shapes of the signs; and 2) for classification using a neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nonlinear acoustoelectric interactions in GaAs/LiNbO3 structures (1999)

Surface acoustic waves accompanied by very large piezoelectric fields can be created in a semiconductor/piezoelectric hybrid system. Such intense waves interact with the mobile carries in semiconductor quantum well structures in a manner being strongly governed by nonlinear effects. At high sound intensities, a formerly homogeneous two-dimensional electron system breaks up into well confined stripes surfing the wave. As a result, we observe a strong reduction of electronic sound attenuation. On the other hand, large momentum transfer between the electron system and the wave results in nonlinear acoustoelectric effects and acoustoelectric amplification. We describe our experimental findings in terms of a generalized theory of the acoustoelectric effect and discuss the importance for possible device applications.
T cell-mediated immunosuppression as an obstacle to adoptive immunotherapy of the P815 mastocytoma and its metastases. (1981)

Progressive growth of the P815 mastocytoma in semisyngeneic mice evokes the generation of a T cell-mediated mechanism of immunosuppression that inhibits the capacity of passively transferred, tumor-sensitized T cells from regressing this tumor in recipient mice. This conclusion is based on two findings: (a) that it is possible to demonstrate adoptive T cell-mediated regression of established tumors, but only if the tumors are growing in T cell-deficient recipients, and (b) that adoptive T cell-mediated regression of tumors in these recipients can be inhibited by the infusion of splenic T cells from T cell-intact, tumor-bearing donors. The results of additional experiments designed to measure the effect of decreasing the number of suppressor cells and the time that they are infused, relative immune cells, indicate that the function of suppressor cells in this model is to inhibit the replication of passively transferred immune T cells. The results obtained with the P815 mastocytoma are similar to those obtained previously with a chemically induced fibrosarcoma. They show, in addition, that passively transferred immune cells are capable of destroying already seeded metastases in T cell-deficient recipients.
4 Yeast Transposable Elements (1991)

I. INTRODUCTION The transposons of yeast, Ty elements, are members of a widely distributed family of eukaryotic elements called long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retrotransposons. Retrotransposons are organizationally and functionally similar to animal retroviruses. However, they differ in that they do not encode proteins analogous to the env gene products of retroviruses, and they replicate without an obligatory extracellular infection cycle (Fig. 1). The yeast retrotransposons Ty1, Ty2, Ty3, and Ty4, discussed in this review, can be divided into two classes of elements widely represented among eukaryotic species. Ty1 and Ty2 are related to the copia class of plant and animal elements, whereas Ty3 is more closely related to the gypsy class of plant and animal elements and viruses. Ty4 has been discovered recently and seems to be more closely related to Ty1 and Ty2 than to Ty3 (R. Stucka et al., pers. comm.). The greater relatedness of these fungal elements to elements in plants and insects than to each other suggests that they may have moved into ancestors of their current hosts by horizontal transmission. Yeast transposon biology has developed in exciting ways since the discovery of Ty1 10 years ago. This review summarizes those developments and attempts to highlight the ways in which yeast molecular genetics is now being applied to improve our understanding of retrotransposon transcription, replication, and integration. Further information on yeast Ty elements and retrotransposons from a variety of eukaryotes can be found in a number of books and review articles (Shapiro 1983; Varmus and Swanstrom...
Prediction of ketoacyl synthase family using reduced amino acid alphabets (2011)

Ketoacyl synthases are enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and can be classified into five families based on primary sequence similarity. Different families have different catalytic mechanisms. Developing cost-effective computational models to identify the family of ketoacyl synthases will be helpful for enzyme engineering and in knowing individual enzymes' catalytic mechanisms. In this work, a support vector machine-based method was developed to predict ketoacyl synthase family using the n-peptide composition of reduced amino acid alphabets. In jackknife cross-validation, the model based on the 2-peptide composition of a reduced amino acid alphabet of size 13 yielded the best overall accuracy of 96.44% with average accuracy of 93.36%, which is superior to other state-of-the-art methods. This result suggests that the information provided by n-peptide compositions of reduced amino acid alphabets provides efficient means for enzyme family classification and that the proposed model can be efficiently used for ketoacyl synthase family annotation.
Nuclear localizing sequences promote nuclear translocation and enhance the radiotoxicity of the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody HuM195 labeled with 111In in human myeloid leukemia cells. (2006)

We conclude that NLS-peptides routed (111)In-HuM195 to the nucleus of AML cells, where the emitted Auger electrons were lethal. (111)In-NLS-HuM195 is a promising targeted radiotherapeutic agent for AML.