gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivation of specific antibody‐producing tissue culture and tumor lines by cell fusion (1976)

Abstract Cell fusion techniques have been used to produce hybrids between myeloma cells and antibody‐producing cells. The hybrid lines derived are permanently adapted to grow in tissue culture and are capable of inducing antibody‐producing tumors in mice. Spleens from mice immunized against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were fused to an 8‐azaguanine‐resistant clone (X63‐Ag8) of MOPC 21 myeloma. Over 50 % of the derived hybrid lines produce and secrete immunoglobulins different from the MOPC 21 myeloma. About 10 % of the hybrid lines exhibit anti‐SRBC activity. The high proportion of antibody‐producing hybrids suggests that the fusion involves a restricted fraction of the spleen cell population, probably cells committed to antibody production. In order to avoid the presence of the MOPC 21 heavy chain in the specific hybrids, another myeloma cell line (NSI/1‐Ag4–1) has been used. This is a nonsecreting variant of the MOPC 21 myeloma which does not express heavy chains. Three anti‐SRBC (probably of the μ, γ 2b and γ 1 classes, respectively) and two anti‐2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (of the μ class) antibody‐producing hybrids have been repeatedly cloned. By random selection and by selection of specific clones according to their lytic activity (clone plaque selection), a number of different lines have been constructed. Such lines express different combinations of the four possible chains of each hybrid line: the myeloma γ and k chains and the specific antibody heavy and light chains. In three cases (Sp1, Sp2 and Sp7) it is shown that only the specific H and L combination has activity and that the myeloma chains are unable to substitute for them. In most cases lines have been derived which no longer express the MOPC 21 chains but only the specific antibody chains.
Dopamine D-2 receptor imaging radiopharmaceuticals: synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro binding of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamide (1988)

In developing central nervous system (CNS) dopamine D-2 receptor imaging agents, enantiomers, R-(+) and S-(-) isomers, of 3-[125I]iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-[(1-ethyl-2- pyrrolidinyl)methyl]benzamide, [125I]IBZM, were synthesized, and their in vitro binding characteristics were evaluated in rat striatum tissue preparation. The (S)-(-)-[125I]IBZM showed high specific dopamine D-2 receptor binding (Kd = 0.43 nM, Bmax = 0.48 pmol/mg of protein). Competition data of various ligands for IBZM binding displayed the following rank order of potency: spiperone greater than (S)-(-)-IBZM greater than (+)-butaclamol much greater than (R)-(+)-IBZM greater than (S)-(-)-BZM greater than dopamine greater than ketanserin greater than SCH23390 much greater than propanolol. The results indicate that [125I]IBZM binds specifically to the dopamine D-2-receptor with stereospecificity. The [123I]IBZM is potentially useful as an imaging agent for the investigation of dopamine D-2 receptors in humans.
Familismo y creencias políticas (1998)

Familism has recently been used as an analytic concept to interpret the change of social attitudes toward family values. This work describes the impact of familism in the postmodern vision of social organization. The relations between familism and political beliefs are analyzed empirically in a group of 550 students, utilizing the concepts of cultural and personal consumerism and democratic life styles. Although the results suggest a negative relation between familism and postmodern beliefs, they also signal the adaptation of the family to postindustrial political changes. The campaigns for family values and some academic investigations resort to the rhetoric of moral discourse to forestall postmodern family life.
Fc-DIRECTED ANTIBODY CONJUGATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED MOLECULAR TARGETING (2009)

In this study, we report the fabrication of engineered iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) antibody to target the tumor antigen HER2. The Fc-directed conjugation of antibodies to the MNPs aids their efficient immunospecific targeting through free Fab portions. The directional specificity of conjugation was verified on a macrophage cell line. Immunofluorescence studies on macrophages treated with functionalized MNPs and free anti-HER2 antibody revealed that the antibody molecules bind to the MNPs predominantly through their Fc portion. Different cell lines with different HER2 expression levels were used to test the specificity of our functionalized nanoprobe for molecular targeting applications. The results of cell line targeting demonstrate that these engineered MNPs are able to differentiate between cell lines with different levels of HER2 expression.
Suppression of multiple narrowband interferers in a spread-spectrum communication system (2000)

We consider the problem of estimating and suppressing many unknown independent and time-varying interferers in a spread-spectrum communication system. The interferers are assumed to be present in a wide frequency range. In order to detect, estimate, and track the interference, we use a bank of hidden Markov model filters operating in the frequency domain. The hidden Markov model filters' outputs are then used to suppress the existing interference. The computational complexity of our scheme is only linear in the number of interferers. The simulation studies show that our proposed novel schemes adapt quickly in tracking the time-varying nature of the interference.
Antigen-bearing immature dendritic cells induce peptide-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells in vivo in humans (2002)

Regulatory T cells (T(R)s) can suppress the function of other effector T cells in the setting of autoimmunity, transplantation, and resistance to tumors. The mechanism for the induction of T(R)s has not been defined. We previously reported that an injection of immature dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with influenza matrix peptide (MP) led 7 days later to antigen-specific silencing of effector T-cell function in the blood of 2 healthy human subjects. Here, we found that interferon-gamma-producing effectors return by 6 months. Importantly, in mixing experiments, CD8(+) T cells from the sample obtained 7 days after injection could suppress MP-specific effectors obtained before injection and those in recovery samples. This suppression or regulation was specific for the immunizing peptide (MP) and cell-dose dependent, and it required contact between the 2 samples. These data show the capacity of immature DCs to induce antigen-specific regulatory CD8(+) T cells in humans.
Expression of unusual immunophenotype combinations in acute myelogenous leukemia (1993)

Immunophenotypes for 272 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) were analyzed using a panel of 22 antibodies. Numerical evidence for unusual coexpressions (present in normal marrow at < or = 0.1%) of surface markers on > or = 10% of the blast cells was found in 85% of all cases. Asynchronous expression of myeloid differentiation antigens occurred in 70% of the cases. Unusual coexpression of T-lymphoid, B-lymphoid, or natural killer (NK) markers with myeloid markers occurred in 38%, 13%, and 21%, respectively, of all AML cases. Two- and three-color analyses confirmed coexpression in 15 of 15 cases, and indicated that these percentages are an underestimate, because coexpression can be demonstrated in cases without numerical overlap. These data indicate that the unusual coexpression of normal differentiation antigens is a common occurrence in AML. Markers in 12 of 13 patients were similar between presentation and relapse, and in two patients, unusual phenotypes detected at first relapse were shown at second relapse, indicating these immunophenotypes are stable in the majority of AML patients. Significant correlations were found between t(8;21) cytogenetics and coexpression of CD19 with CD15 or CD34, t(9;22) and coexpression of CD19 and CD34, and t(15;17) and coexpression of CD2 and myeloid antigens. Multiparameter fluorescence analysis allows detection of unusual phenotypes when the blast counts are < 5% (classical remission). Analysis of 16 patients in remission indicated the presence of presentation phenotypes in 0.2% to 7.9% of the lymphocyte + blast light scatter region, representing 0.03% to 1.4% of the total nucleated marrow cells. Of the 16 patients with > or = 4 months follow-up after detection of these cells, 6 of 6 patients with > or = 0.2% unusual presentation phenotypic marrow cells have relapsed, while 9 of 10 patients with < 0.2% remain in remission. The detection of cells with the unusual presentation phenotype may reflect residual AML cells, and their increase may predict relapse.
Cut detection in video sequences using phase correlation (2000)

A novel algorithm for the detection of cuts in video sequences is proposed. The algorithm uses phase correlation to obtain a measure of content similarity for temporally adjacent frames and responds very well to scene cuts. The algorithm is insensitive to the presence of global illumination changes and noise and outperforms established methods for cut detection. As the proposed scheme is implemented in the frequency domain, the availability of fast hardware makes the scheme attractive for interactive and on-line applications.
HLA-DRB1*0101 and *0405 as protective alleles in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma. (1997)

A variety of malignancies have been linked to major histocompatibility complex genes, including the DRB1 alleles. The association of certain DRB1 antigens with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been both claimed and disclaimed. To determine whether HLA-DRB1 genotypes are associated with RCC, we used the modified PCR-RFLP method for the high-resolution HLA-DRB1 genotyping of 96 Japanese RCC patients. There were no significantly frequent HLA-DRB1 alleles, whereas the DRB1*0101 and *0405 alleles had significantly lower frequencies [P = 0.004, relative risk (RR) = 0.2 and P = 0.002, RR = 0.4) in the RCC patients than in the healthy Japanese controls (n = 1216). Moreover, patients with the HLA-DRB1 *0101 or *0405 allele tended to be in earlier stages and to have less aggressive tumors than patients with neither of these alleles. The corresponding serotyping subclassification, however, showed a significantly lower frequency only for DRB1-DR1 (P = 0.01, RR = 0.3). High-resolution genotyping is essential because the polymorphism of the peptide-binding domain of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules is more precisely determined by genotypes than serotypes. In addition, inherent technical difficulties and potential typing errors render serotyping inefficient. Our data suggest that HLA-DRB1*0101 and *0405 are protective alleles for both RCC development and tumor progression.
Detection of Renal Function Decline in Patients with Diabetes and Normal or Elevated GFR by Serial Measurements of Serum Cystatin C Concentration (2005)

Research on early renal function decline in diabetes is hampered by lack of simple tools for detecting trends (particularly systematic decreases) in renal function over time when GFR is normal or elevated. This study sought to assess how well serum cystatin C meets that need. Thirty participants with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetic Renal Disease Study met these three eligibility criteria: GFR >20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline (based on cold iothalamate clearance), 4 yr of follow-up, and yearly measurements of iothalamate clearance and serum cystatin C. With the use of linear regression, each individual's trend in renal function over time, expressed as annual percentage change in iothalamate clearance, was determined. Serum cystatin C in mg/L was transformed to its reciprocal (100/cystatin C), and linear regression was used to determine each individual's trend over time, expressed as annual percentage change. In paired comparisons of 100/cystatin C with iothalamate clearance at each examination, the two measures were numerically similar. More important, the trends in 100/cystatin C and iothalamate clearance were strongly correlated (Spearman r = 0.77). All 20 participants with negative trends in iothalamate clearance (declining renal function) also had negative trends for 100/cystatin C. Results were discordant for only three participants. In contrast, the trends for three commonly used creatinine-based estimates of GFR compared poorly with trends in iothalamate clearance (Spearman r < 0.35). Serial measures of serum cystatin C accurately detect trends in renal function in patients with normal or elevated GFR and provide means for studying early renal function decline in diabetes.
Investigational Approaches to Pulmonary Hypertension (1991)

Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) revolves around a series of switches in the smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype. Differentiation of SMC from precursor cells causes muscularization of normally non-muscular peripheral arteries; hypertrophy and hyperplasia of existing SMC and increased connective tissue protein synthesis cause thickening of the wall, and migration of SMC into the subendothelial space is the basis of intimal proliferation. To uncover the pathophysiologic mechanisms of these changes, we have used a variety of animal models and cell culture systems. From rats in which hypertensive PVD was induced by exposure to chronic hypoxia or following injection of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, monocrotaline, we have identified increased pulmonary artery (PA) elastolytic activity which occurs early and which accompanies progressive rather than reversible PVD. Inhibition of elastolytic activity prevents or reduces PVD. We are cloning the gene for this new enzyme to study its regulation in PVD. To address the mechanism of SMC proliferation under conditions of high PA pressure and flow, we cultured endothelial cells on Polyvinylchloride membranes and pulsated them at high pressure. This caused reduced synthesis of heparan sulfate. The resulting decrease binding of fibroblast growth factor would lessen its mitogenic effect and modulate SMC proliferation in response to other growth factors from platelets or serum. To study SMC migration, we cultured endothelial and SMC from the ductus arteriosus (a fetal vessel which spontaneously develops intimal proliferation in late gestation). The migratory SMC phenotype is a function of increased production of fibronectin governed by a translational control mechanism, and increased endothelial hyaluronan regulated by transforming growth factor β. SMC migration is also related to impaired assembly of elastin, the result of a chondroitin sulfate-induced decrease in elastin binding proteins and the production of a novel ‘defunct’ 52 kD tropoelastin.
Tasks of emotion research and psychological aesthetics (sensory evaluation) (1993)

(I) Scientific classification of emotion started with Woodworth's classification experiments, yielding circular arrangement of fundamental emotions. Schlosberg arranged this circle on a plane of pleasantness and attention-rejection, adding the third dim.of sleep-tension. Yoshida(1970, 1976) attempted multidimensional scaling of words for emotion, in place of photo-pictures of these emotional expressions. (II) With support of Toyota Foundation, Yoshida's group (1976- 77)asked emotions and emotional reactions to 47 situations experienced, in an industrialized society of Japan. Factor analysis of male and female, young, middle-aged, and older people (one cluster consits of 100 people), yielded several clusters of emotion.One peculiarity is the preponderance of "no response at all, even he or she sees a grave situation, or meets such situations." They do nothing, like looking at a TV sceneary". We regarded it as a sign of so-called "shirake-mood" or a kind of resignation.(III)Experimental aesthetics started with Fechner's contribution. With elaboration of statistical techniques, industrial organizations are eager to know the current status and future trends of consumer preferences. Althoguh only a few reports are available in English, considerable facts are accumulating in Japan. J, Prescott with Yoshida's group (1992) revealed marked change in preference-concentration relationship, compared with Engel's data some 60 years ago.
Leukotriene C4 uses a probenecid-sensitive export carrier that does not recognize leukotriene B4. (1992)

The export of leukotriene (LT) C4 from human eosinophils, a carrier-mediated process that is temperature-dependent and saturable, was characterized further in eosinophils and in two human leukemia cell lines that do not present an intact 5-lipoxygenase pathway. In eosinophils, KG-1 cells, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-differentiated HL-60 cells, the respective Q10 values for temperature-dependent LTC4 export were 3.7, 3.3, and 3.4 and for energy of activation were 28.2 kcal/mol, 23.0 kcal/mol, and 27.8 kcal/mol (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ). When human eosinophils, KG-1 cells, and DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells were preloaded with defined amounts of intracellular LTC4 by incubation with LTA4 and with incremental amounts of a glutathione conjugate, S-dinitrophenyl glutathione (GS-DNP) by sequential incubation with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, GS-DNP inhibited the export of LTC4 in a dose-dependent manner. By plotting the ratio of total GS-DNP (cell retained plus released) to the sum of total GS-DNP plus total LTC4 against the percentage inhibition of LTC4 release, IC40 values of 0.839, 0.803, and 0.841 were obtained for eosinophils, KG-1 cells, and DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells, respectively. When cells preloaded with LTC4 were resuspended in incremental concentrations of the organic acid transport inhibitor, probenecid, there was a dose-dependent decrease in LTC4 release; GS-DNP and probenecid inhibited LTC4 release in a cumulative fashion, whereas neither inhibited the release of LTB4 from preloaded nondifferentiated HL-60 cells. Therefore, LTC4 export from cells of bone marrow origin occurs through a probenecid-sensitive membrane carrier shared by other glutathione conjugates and distinct from the LTB4 carrier export system.
Purification and Properties of Cytidine Deaminase from Normal and Leukemic Granulocytes (1974)

Cytidine deaminase, an enzyme that catalyses the deamination of both cytidine and its nucleoside analogues including the antineoplastic agents cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), has been partially purified from normal and leukemic human granulocytes. The purification procedure included heat precipitation at 70 degrees C, ammonium sulfate precipitation, calcium phosphate gel ion exchange, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme has mol wt 51,000, isoelectric pH of 4.8, and maximum activity over a broad pH range of 5-9.5. The enzyme is stabilized by the presence of the sulfhydryl reagent, dithiothreitol. Cytidine deaminase from normal human granulocytes has a greater affinity for its physiologic substrate cytidine (K(m) = 1.1 x 10(-5) M) than for ara-C (8.8 x 10(-5) M) or 5-azaC (4.3 x 10(-4) M). Halogenated analogues such as 5-fluorocytidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxycytidine also exhibited substrate activity, with maximum velocities greater than that of the physiologic substrates cytidine and deoxycytidine. No activity was observed with nucleotides or deoxynucleotides. The relative maximum velocity of the enzyme for cytidine and its nucleoside analogues remained constant during purification, indicating that a single enzyme was responsible for deamination of these substrates. Tetrahydrouridine (THU) was found to be a strong competitive inhibitor of partially purified deaminase with a K(i) of 5.4 x 10(-8) M. The biochemical properties of partially purified preparations of cytidine deaminase from normal and leukemic cells were compared with respect to isoelectric pH, molecular weight, and substrate and inhibitor kinetic parameters, and no differences were observed. However, normal circulating granulocytes contained a significantly greater concentration of cytidine deaminase (3.52+/-1.86 x 10(3)/mg protein) than chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells (1.40+/-0.70 x 10(3) U/mg protein) or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells (0.19+/-0.17 x 10(3) U/mg protein). To explain these differences in enzyme levels in leukemic versus normal cells, the changes in cytidine deaminase levels associated with maturation of normal granulocytes were studied in normal human bone marrow. Myeloid precursors obtained from bone marrow aspirates were separated into mature and immature fractions by Ficoll density centrifugation. Deaminase activity in lysates of mature granulocytes was 3.55-14.2 times greater than the activity found in the lysates of immature cells. Decreased enzyme activity was also found in immature myeloid cells from a patient with CML as compared to mature granulocytes from the same patient. These observations support the conclusion that the greater specific activity of cytidine deaminase in normal mature granulocytes as compared to leukemic cells is related to the process of granulocyte maturation rather than a specific enzymatic defect in leukemic cells.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of 8-substituted 1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-ones (1981)

Forty-three new 1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-2-ones optionally substituted with 2-(3-indolyl)ethyl, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl, or 2-(1,4-benzodioxan 2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl at the 8 position were prepared for screening as antihypertensive agents in the spontaneous hypertensive rat. For the 8-[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl] compounds the most active were those substituted in the 4 position, where activity was at maximum with the 4-ethyl compound (1). The 8-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl] compounds were less active than their 1,4-benzodioxane counterparts, which were tested as mixtures of erythro and threo diastereoisomers. Both the 4-ethyl-8-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-substituted 38 and (S)-3-methyl-8-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]-substituted 42 were designed as mixed alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Bother compounds lowered blood pressure, but they gave no evidence of working as beta-adrenergic blockers. Examination of 8-[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl]-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]-decan-2-one (8) and 3 methyl-8-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-2-one (29) in the dog showed them to be alpha-adrenergic blockers. Compound 29 was primarily an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, while 8 was more skewed toward alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonism. Tilt-response studies for evaluating the potential for producing orthostatic hypotension showed that both 8 and 29 had little potential for avoiding orthostatic hypotension at therapeutically effective doses.
The Acute-Phase Reactant C-Reactive Protein Binds to Phosphorylcholine-ExpressingNeisseria meningitidisand Increases Uptake by Human Phagocytes (2008)

Neisseria meningitidis is a global cause of meningitis and septicemia. Immunity to N. meningitidis involves both innate and specific mechanisms with killing by serum bactericidal activity and phagocytic cells. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase serum protein that has been shown to help protect the host from several bacterial pathogens, which it recognizes by binding to phosphorylcholine (PC) on their surfaces. Pathogenic Neisseria species can exhibit phase-variable PC modification on type 1 and 2 pili. We have shown that CRP can bind to piliated meningococci in a classical calcium-dependent manner. The binding of CRP to the meningococcus was concentration dependent, of low affinity, and specific for PC. CRP appears to act as an opsonin for N. meningitidis, as CRP-opsonized bacteria showed increased uptake by human macrophages and neutrophils. Further investigation into the downstream effects of CRP-bound N. meningitidis may lead us to a better understanding of meningococcal infection and help direct more effective therapeutic interventions.