gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profilaxis postexposición a la rabia: a propósito de un caso (2011)

espanolLa rabia es una enfermedad infecciosa y transmisible producida por un ARN virus de la familia de Rhabdoviridae y del genero Lyssavirus. Esta zoonosis es mortal, cada ano mueren 55.000 personas, pero prevenible en el 100% de los casos. Esta causada por el mordisco o aranazo de un animal rabioso (perros, gatos, murcielagos y monos). En Espana no se da ningun caso desde 1979 gracias a las campanas masivas de vacunacion animal. Se trata de una enfermedad de declaracion obligatoria y urgente en nuestro pais. El tiempo de incubacion es de entre 20 y 60 dias. Cursa con en encefalomielitis aguda que empeora de manera progresiva hasta causar el coma y la muerte. El diagnostico es clinico y con pruebas de laboratorio (LCR, saliva y inmunofluorescencia directa en biopsia de la piel de la nuca). No existe tratamiento antivirico especifico por lo que se tratan basicamente la clinica. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los criterios y la tecnica para la prevencion de la rabia en humanos en Espana despues del contacto con el animal rabioso, sospechoso o desconocido. Para ello se realiza un estudio bibliografico de evidencias con repaso y unificacion de protocolos/guias vigentes. Como resultado presentamos un algoritmo de actuacion ante una mordedura de animal. Ante una mordedura animal no debemos olvidar, a pesar de la nula incidencia en Espana, la profilaxis antirrabica. EnglishRabies is an infectious and transmissible disease caused by an RNA virus of the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Lyssavirus. This zoonosis is mortal, 55,000 people die each year, but 100% preventable cases. It is caused by the bite or scratch from a rabid animal (dogs, cats, bats and monkeys). In Spain there is no case since 1979 thanks to massive vaccination campaigns animal. It is a notificable disease and urgent in our country. The incubation period is between 20 and 60 days. In acute encephalitis presents with progressively worsening to cause coma and death. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratory tests (CSF, saliva, and direct immunofluorescence in skin biopsy of the neck). There is no specific antiviral treatment, so they are basically the clinic. The aim of this paper is to describe the criteria and technique for the prevention of rabies in humans in Spain after contact with the rabid animal, suspected or unknown. This will make a literature review of evidence to review and standardization of protocols/guidelines in force. As a result we present an algorithm for action against an animal bite. Before an animal bite should not be forgotten, despite no impact in Spain, rabies prophylaxis.
Epitaxial MgO on Si(001) for Y-Ba-Cu-O thin-film growth by pulsed laser deposition (1991)

Epitaxial MgO thin films were grown on Si(001) by pulsed laser deposition. In spite of a large (−22.5%) lattice mismatch, epitaxy occurs with alignment of all crystallographic axes. Epitaxial quality and deposition rate are both sensitive to temperature and oxygen pressure. We believe this is the first demonstration of epitaxial MgO on Si. We employ MgO intermediate layers for superconducting epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ/BaTiO3 thin films on Si with a critical current density of 6.7×105 A/cm2 at 77 K.
Optical intensity modulator based on electrically induced periodic structure (2002)

An optical intensity modulator based on electrically induced periodic structure in a pn diode is reported. The interaction of the microwave electric field and the pn junction carriers results in a periodic structure which modulates the light intensity. Simulations have shown that a device 370 /spl mu/m long, operating at -4.0 V, presents a bandwidth of 6.5 GHz at a modulation depth of 0.5 and an optical intrinsic loss of only 0.33 dB.
Mechanism of Formation of Elastin Crosslinks (2000)

We examined the formation of quaternary pyridinium crosslinks of elastin formed by condensation of lysine and allysine residues using the model compounds propanal (allysine) and n-butylamine (lysine) under quasi-physiological conditions. The resulting pyridinium compounds were characterized and the structure compared with the known pyridinium crosslinks. Three pyridinium compounds were identified and the structures were identical with the skeleton of the crosslinking amino acids, desmosine (DES), isodesmosine (IDE), and pentasine. We concluded that a non-enzymatic pathway is available for the spontaneous generation of pyridinium crosslinks. To elucidate the intermediates and the mechanism of the formation of DES and IDE, we synthesized model intermediates from propanal and n-butylamine, and they were allowed to react in three kinds of solvents. Then, the products were analyzed by an ion-pair reverse-phase HPLC. The results of this model system indicated that DES and IDE can be formed by condensation of dehydromerodesmosine with dehydrolysinonorleucine and by condensation of allysine with dehydrolysinonorleucine, respectively. We also describe the mechanism of DES and IDE crosslinking.
LPA and its Analogs-Attractive Tools for Elucidation of LPA Biology and Drug Development (2008)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1- or 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) is a simple phospholipid but displays an intriguing cell biology that is mediated via interactions with both G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptors (GPCRs) and nuclear hormone receptors. So far, seven GPCRs (LPA(1-5) and recently reported GPR87/LPA(6) and P2Y5/LPA(7)) and a nuclear hormone receptor, PPARgamma, have been identified. LPA is predominantly produced in blood and a plasma enzyme, autotaxin, is involved in its production. Recent gene manipulating studies of these proteins have shown that LPA is involved in both pathological and physiological states including brain development, neuropathy pain, implantation, protection against radiation-induced intestinal injury and blood vessel formation. In addition, lipids similar to LPA, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), share common cellular signaling pathways with LPA and are now considered as promising targets of human therapy including immunosuppressant and anti-obesity drugs. Thus, LPA is now one of the most attractive targets for prevention and treatment of various diseases. Receptor-selective antagonists and agonists as well as inhibitors of LPA producing enzymes are undoubtedly useful. Recognition of the ligand, LPA, by each receptor seems to be quite different, as LPA species with various fatty acids at either the sn-1 or sn-2 position of the hydroxy residue activate each receptor quite differently. In the last decade a series of LPA analogs in which the sn-1 or sn-2 hydroxy, acyl chain, glycerol and phosphate group are modified have been created and evaluated by several laboratories. Here we review recent advances in the development of LPA-receptor targeted compounds (agonists and antagonists) and anti-autotaxin inhibitors.
Nutrition and exercise in the management of liver cirrhosis (2014)

Liver cirrhosis (LC) patients often have protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and decreased physical activity. These conditions often lead to sarcopenia, which is the loss of skeletal muscle volume and increased muscle weakness. Recent studies have demonstrated that PEM and sarcopenia are predictors for poor survival in LC patients. Nutrition and exercise management can improve PEM and sarcopenia in those patients. Nutrition management includes sufficient dietary intake and improved nutrient metabolism. With the current high prevalence of obesity, the number of obese LC patients has increased, and restriction of excessive caloric intake without the exacerbation of impaired nutrient metabolism is required for such patients. Branched chain amino acids are good candidates for supplemental nutrients for both obese and non-obese LC patients. Exercise management can increase skeletal muscle volume and strength and improve insulin resistance; however, nutritional status and LC complications should be assessed before an exercise management regimen is implemented in LC patients. The establishment of optimal exercise regimens for LC patients is currently required. In this review, we describe nutritional status and its clinical impact on the outcomes of LC patients and discuss general nutrition and exercise management in LC patients.
Decomposition of Polygons into Convex Sets (1978)

A method is presented for decomposing polygons into convex sets. The method is based upon a Delaunay tessellation of the polygon. It is implemented as a divide-and-conquer technique.
Fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses. (2001)

Fungal infections can be mainly grouped into four types. The invasive forms are acute sinusitis (fulminant), chronic sinusitis (indolent), whereas the non-invasive forms are mycetoma and allergic fungal sinusitis. From December 1993 to December 1997, 27 cases of fungal sinusitis, 22 of which were noninvasive forms, and 5 of which were invasive forms, were treated and are presented in this study. When we classified the patients with fungal sinusitis, 11 were diagnosed as mycetoma, 9 as allergic fungal sinusitis, 3 as acute fulminant sinusitis and 2 as chronic indolent sinusitis, while 2 patients were not included in our four groups of sinusitis. In all mycetoma cases the active agent was Aspergillus. Patients with non invasive forms of sinusitis were all treated with endoscopic sinus surgery. 2 of the patients with invasive forms of sinusitis underwent maxillectomy and they were given Amphotericin-B. With a mean follow up of 20 months, only 3 recurrences were seen. The infection recurred in 2 patients with allergic fungal sinusitis and 1 patient with chronic invasive sinusitis. However, 2 patients with acute fulminant invasive sinusitis died before they were operated on, and 1 patient died postoperatively.
Frequent deletion of chromosome 1p sequences in an aggressive histologic subtype of endometrial cancer (1996)

The molecular genetic events underlying endometrial tumorigenesis are ill-defined at present. We have identified a region on the short arm of chromosome 1 which is frequently deleted in endometrial cancers. The region of deletion has been localized to bands 1p32-33. Deletion of 1p32-33 is seen more frequently in cancers of the highly aggressive papillary serous type than in cancers of the less-aggressive endometrioid type. These data suggest the presence of a tumor suppressor gene on 1p32-33 which is specifically involved in the development of endometrial cancers with poor outcome.
CRISPR Recognition Tool (CRT): a tool for automatic detection of clustered regularly \ninterspaced palindromic repeats (2007)

Background: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) are a novel type of direct repeat found in a wide range of bacteria and archaea. CRISPRs are beginning to attract attention because of their proposed mechanism; that is, defending their hosts against invading extrachromosomal elements such as viruses. Existing repeat detection tools do a poor job of identifying CRISPRs due to the presence of unique spacer sequences separating the repeats. In this study, a new tool, CRT, is introduced that rapidly and accurately identifies CRISPRs in large DNA strings, such as genomes and metagenomes.\nResults: CRT was compared to CRISPR detection tools, Patscan and Pilercr. In terms of correctness, CRT was shown to be very reliable, demonstrating significant improvements over Patscan for measures precision, recall and quality. When compared to Pilercr, CRT showed improved performance for recall and quality. In terms of speed, CRT proved to be a huge improvement over Patscan. Both CRT and Pilercr were comparable in speed, however CRT was faster for genomes containing large numbers of repeats.\nConclusion: In this paper a new tool was introduced for the automatic detection of CRISPR elements. This tool, CRT, showed some important improvements over current techniques for CRISPR identification. CRT's approach to detecting repetitive sequences is straightforward. It uses a simple sequential scan of a DNA sequence and detects repeats directly without any major conversion or preprocessing of the input. This leads to a program that is easy to describe and understand; yet it is very accurate, fast and memory efficient, being O(n) in space and O(nm/l) in time.
AMP-activated protein kinase—an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function (2011)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of energy status that maintains cellular energy homeostasis. It arose very early during eukaryotic evolution, and its ancestral role may have been in the response to starvation. Recent work shows that the kinase is activated by increases not only in AMP, but also in ADP. Although best known for its effects on metabolism, AMPK has many other functions, including regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and disposal, autophagy, cell polarity, and cell growth and proliferation. Both tumor cells and viruses establish mechanisms to down-regulate AMPK, allowing them to escape its restraining influences on growth.
Therapeutic efficacy of anti-Lewis(y) humanized 3S193 radioimmunotherapy in a breast cancer model: enhanced activity when combined with taxol chemotherapy. (2000)

Monoclonal antibody therapy may provide new treatment options in the management of metastatic breast cancer by selectively targeting tumors and producing a therapeutic effect, by delivering radiation or other toxins directly to tumor cells, or by producing an intrinsic immune inflammatory response. The effect of 131I-labeled humanized anti-Lewis(y) monoclonal antibody 3S193 (hu3S193) was compared with that of placebo and radiolabeled huA33 control antibody in a series of radioimmunotherapy experiments in a MCF-7 xenografted BALB/c nude mouse breast cancer model. The maximum tolerated dose of 131I-labeled antibody occurred at 200 microCi/mouse, at which dose level three of six mice that received 131I-hu3S193 showed significant tumor growth inhibition in contrast to no responses in the comparable 131I-huA33 control treatment arm. Breast cancer is an ideal model to test the efficacy of combined modalities given its known sensitivity to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The synergy between radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy was therefore also explored using a combination of 131I-labeled hu3S193 antibody and Taxol using subtherapeutic doses of each agent. The combination of Taxol and 100 microCi of 131I-hu3S193 produced significant tumor inhibition in 80% of mice, whereas no responses were seen with either treatment modality alone or the combination of Taxol and 131I-huA33. These results support a potential therapeutic role of radiolabeled hu3S193 in the treatment of breast cancer, including combination therapy with Taxol, and warrants further investigation of this promising new agent.
Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers (2002)

Chalcogenide-glass fibers based on sulfide, selenide, telluride and their rare-earth-doped compositions are being actively pursued worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, chalcogenide-glass fibers are enabling numerous applications that include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, and imaging, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, IR sources/lasers, amplifiers and optical switches.
Noninvasive Markers of Liver Fibrosis and Inflammation in Chronic Hepatitis B-Virus Related Liver Disease (2006)

Significant hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammation can reliably be predicted using routinely checked tests and HBV DNA levels.
NovoSeven® as a universal haemostatic agent (2000)

Initiation of haemostasis involves the formation of a complex between tissue factor (TF) and activated factor VII (FVIIa) following injury. TF is found in the deeper layers of the vessel wall, in atherosclerotic plaques and in some types of tumour cell and is only exposed to circulating blood after tissue damage. Likewise, FVII is only enzymatically active when complexed with TF (TF/FVIIa). It has recently been shown that the administration of recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa) in high doses (approximately 100 microg/kg) can induce haemostasis in the absence of FVIII and FIX. In addition, from in-vitro studies it appears that rFVIIa can bind with low affinity to the activated platelet surface and, independently of TF, induce the thrombin burst needed for haemostasis. The ability of rFVIIa to compensate for FVIII/FIX deficiency has been proven clinically in haemophilia patients with life- and limb-threatening bleeds. In addition, patients with congenital FVII deficiency have been successfully treated for bleeds with rFVIIa. Recombinant FVIIa has been used in patients with platelet disorders; five patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and one with Bernard-Soulier's thrombasthenia have had bleeding episodes managed effectively. Recombinant FVIIa has also been shown to normalize prothrombin time in patients with liver disease and in warfarin-treated individuals.
Dual Roles for c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in Developmental and Stress Responses in Cerebellar Granule Neurons (2000)

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) typically respond strongly to stress, are implicated in brain development, and are believed to mediate neuronal apoptosis. Surprisingly, however, JNK does not respond characteristically to stress in cultured cerebellar granule (CBG) neurons, a widely exploited CNS model for studies of death and development, despite the regulation of its substrate c-Jun. To understand this anomaly, we characterized JNK regulation in CBG neurons. We find that the specific activity of CBG JNK is elevated considerably above that from neuron-like cell lines (SH-SY5Y, PC12); however, similar elevated activities are found in brain extracts. This activity does not result from cellular stress because the stress-activated protein kinase p38 is not activated. We identify a minor stress-sensitive pool of JNK that translocates with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK4) into the nucleus. However, the major pool of total activity is cytoplasmic, residing largely in the neurites, suggesting a non-nuclear role for JNK in neurons. A third JNK pool is colocalized with MKK7 in the nucleus, and specific activities of both increase during neuritogenesis, nuclear JNK activity increasing 10-fold, whereas c-Jun expression and activity decrease. A role for JNK during differentiation is supported by modulation of neuritic architecture after expression of dominant inhibitory regulators of the JNK pathway. Channeling of JNK signaling away from c-Jun during differentiation is consistent with the presence in the nucleus of the JNK/MKK7 scaffold protein JNK-interacting protein, which inhibits JNK–c-Jun interaction. We propose a model in which distinct pools of JNK serve different functions, providing a basis for understanding multifunctional JNK signaling in differentiating neurons.
Hemicentin, a conserved extracellular member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, organizes epithelial and other cell attachments into oriented line- shaped junctions (2001)

him-4 mutations cause a novel syndrome of tissue fragility, defective cell migration and chromosome instability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Null mutants have abnormal escape reflex, mispositioning of the vas deferens and uterus, and mitotic chromosome loss and multinucleate cells in the germline. The him-4 gene product, hemicentin, is a conserved extracellular matrix protein with 48 tandem immunoglobulin repeats flanked by novel terminal domains. Secreted from skeletal muscle and gonadal leader cells, hemicentin assembles into fine tracks at specific sites, where it contracts broad regions of cell contact into oriented linear junctions. Some tracks organize hemidesmosomes in the overlying epidermis. Hemicentin tracks facilitate mechanosensory neuron anchorage to the epidermis, gliding of the developing gonad along epithelial basement membranes and germline cellularization.
Variation in Copolymer Composition and Molecular Weight of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Generated by Saturation Mutagenesis of Aeromonas caviae PHA Synthase (2007)

Amino acid substitutions at two residues downstream from the active-site histidine of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases are effective for changing the composition and the molecular weight of PHA. In this study, saturation mutagenesis at the position Ala505 was applied to PHA synthase (PhaCAc) from Aeromonas caviae to investigate the effects on the composition and the molecular weight of PHA synthesized in Ralstonia eutropha. The copolymer composition and molecular weight of PHA were varied by association with amino acid substitutions. There was a strong relationship between copolymer composition and PHA synthase activity of the cells. This finding will serve as a rationale for producing tailor-made PHAs.
A Current–Voltage Model for Graphene Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistors (2014)

This paper presents a model for graphene electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGFETs) that incorporates the effects of the graphene-electrolyte interface and quantum capacitance of graphene. The model is validated using experimental data collected from fabricated graphene EGFETs and is employed to extract device parameters such as mobility, minimum carrier concentration, interface capacitance, contact resistance, and effective charged impurity concentration. The proposed graphene EGFET model accurately determines a number of properties necessary for circuit design, such as current-voltage characteristics, transconductance, output resistance, and intrinsic gain. The model can also be used to optimize the design of EGFETs. For example, simulated and experimental results show that avoiding the practice of partial channel passivation enhances the transconductance of graphene EGFETs.
A framework for global optimization of aggregate queries (1997)

With recent emphasis placed by data warehouse applications on aggregate queries with vatious grouping criteria, it is natural to expect muhiple aggregate queries on the same set of tables. In this paper, we provide a fmmework for global optimization of aggregate queries under the concept of aggregate query blocks. We propose an extension to SQL to allow users to define explicit query blocks. The paper coveys the integration of the gZobaZ aggregate optimization with the oprimization of individual queries. We present easy-to-implement optimization algolithms applicable to aggregate query blocks. We show that these algorirhms add minimum overhead to the fofai optimization cost, whiie dramatically reducing the overall execution cost.
Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Modulates Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleavage and Reduces Cerebral Amyloidosis in Alzheimer Transgenic Mice (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides as senile plaques in the brain. Recent studies suggest that green tea flavonoids may be used for the prevention and treatment of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, reduces Abeta generation in both murine neuron-like cells (N2a) transfected with the human "Swedish" mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) and in primary neurons derived from Swedish mutant APP-overexpressing mice (Tg APPsw line 2576). In concert with these observations, we find that EGCG markedly promotes cleavage of the alpha-C-terminal fragment of APP and elevates the N-terminal APP cleavage product, soluble APP-alpha. These cleavage events are associated with elevated alpha-secretase activity and enhanced hydrolysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme, a primary candidate alpha-secretase. As a validation of these findings in vivo, we treated Tg APPsw transgenic mice overproducing Abeta with EGCG and found decreased Abeta levels and plaques associated with promotion of the nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase proteolytic pathway. These data raise the possibility that EGCG dietary supplementation may provide effective prophylaxis for AD.