gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mRNA Expression Analysis of Tissue Sections and Single Cells (2001)

Thirty years of literature have shown that changes in mRNA abundance provide insight into cellular functioning. Indeed, mRNA abundance measurements have been used to determine how effective particular drugs are in eliciting cellular responses, in monitoring behavioral responses, and in several other
The ADAMs family of metalloproteases: multidomain proteins with multiple functions (2003)

The ADAMs family of transmembrane proteins belongs to the zinc protease superfamily. Members of the family have a modular design, characterized by the presence of metalloprotease and integrin receptor-binding activities, and a cytoplasmic domain that in many family members specifies binding sites for various signal transducing proteins. The ADAMs family has been implicated in the control of membrane fusion, cytokine and growth factor shedding, and cell migration, as well as processes such as muscle development, fertilization, and cell fate determination. Pathologies such as inflammation and cancer also involve ADAMs family members. Excellent reviews covering various facets of the ADAMs literature-base have been published over the years and we recommend their examination (Black and White 1998; Schlondorff and Blobel 1999; Primakoff and Myles 2000; Evans 2001; Kheradmand and Werb 2002). In this review, we will first discuss the properties of each of the domains of the ADAMs. We will then go on to describe the involvement of ADAMs in selected biological processes. Then, we will highlight recent interesting findings suggesting roles for ADAMs in human disease. Finally, we look to the future and discuss some of the open issues in ADAMs function and regulation.
Tipranavir inhibits broadly protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 clinical samples (2000)

The substantial lack of PI cross-resistance to TPV shown by highly PI-resistant clinical isolates makes TPV an attractive new-generation HIV inhibitor.
Pubovaginal Slings Using Fascia Lata for the Treatment of Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency (1997)

Excellent results can be obtained with fascia lata for the treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency. A long, wide strip of fascia attached to itself allows for precise tensioning and good urethral closure, and minimizes the risk of obstruction.
Prospective Evaluation of Sacral Neuromodulation in Children: Outcomes and Urodynamic Predictors of Success (2016)

Sacral neuromodulation significantly improves quality of life and symptom severity in children with refractory bowel bladder dysfunction. Children gain greater benefit if they show uninhibited bladder contractions on preoperative urodynamic evaluation. Children have a high rate of lead breakage requiring operative revision, which was seen after minor trauma in those with a lower body mass index.
Intradermal delivery of STAT3 siRNA to treat melanoma via dissolving microneedles (2018)

Hyperactivity of signal transducer and activity of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a crucial role in melanoma invasion and metastasis. Gene therapy applying siRNA targeting STAT3 is a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma. In this article, we first fabricated safe and novel dissolving microneedles (MNs) for topical application of STAT3 siRNA to enhance the skin penetration of siRNA and used polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa) as carrier to improve cellular uptake of siRNA. The results showed that MNs can effectively penetrate skin and rapidly dissolve in the skin. In vitro B16F10 cell experiments presented that STAT3 siRNA PEI complex can enhance cellular uptake and transfection of siRNA, correspondingly enhance gene silencing efficiency and inhibit tumor cells growth. In vivo experiments indicated that topical application of STAT3 siRNA PEI complex delivered by dissolving MNs into skin can effectively suppress the development of melanoma through silencing STAT3 gene, and the inhibition effect is dose-dependent. STAT3 siRNA delivery via dissolving MNs is a promising approach for skin melanoma treatment with targeting inhibition efficacy and minimal adverse effects.
A Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate and Chemotherapy’s Future in Lung Cancer (2015)

In this interview we discuss a new trial involving the antibody-drug conjugate IMMU-132 as well as the future of chemotherapy in the treatment of lung cancer.
Immunogenicity of Gonococcal Transferrin Binding Proteins during Natural Infections (2003)

In this study, we examined the immune response during gonococcal infection to the individual transferrin binding proteins by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant transferrin binding protein A (rTbpA) and rTbpB were purified under nondenaturing conditions for use as ELISA antigens. Sera and secretions from culture-positive individuals were analyzed for antibodies to rTbpA and rTbpB and compared to samples from individuals with no history of gonococcal infection. Although antibodies to both rTbpA and rTbpB were detected in serum, in most cases the antibody levels were not significantly different from those measured in the control population. Also, previous history of gonococcal infection did not increase antibody levels in serum, suggesting the lack of an anamnestic response. Analysis of secretion samples revealed antibody levels that were generally below the limits of detection in our assay. Overall, this study demonstrated a paucity of systemic and local antibody responses to rTbps as a result of natural infection and represents a baseline over which a protective antibody response will have to be generated in order to develop an efficacious gonococcal vaccine.
Reducing TLB and memory overhead using online superpage promotion (1995)

Modern microprocessors contain small TLBs that maintain a cache of recently used translations. A TLB's coverage is the sum of the number of bytes mapped by each entry. Applications with working sets larger than the TLB coverage will perform poorly due to high TLB miss rates. Superpages have been proposed as a mechanism for increasing TLB coverage. A superpageis a virtual memory page with size and alignment that are a power of two multiple of the system's base page size. In this paper, we describe online policies for superpage management that monitor TLB miss traffic to decide when a superpage should be constructed. Our policies take into account both the benefit of a superpage promotion (potential for preventing future misses) and the cost (page copying). Although our approach increases the cost of each TLB miss, the net effect is to improve total execution time by eliminating a large number of misses without significantly increasing memory usage, thereby improving system performance.
Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: Isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission (1988)

Neospora caninum infection was diagnosed in 5 young dogs from 2 litters with a common parentage. The pups were born healthy, but developed hind limb paresis 5 to 8 weeks after birth. The predominant lesions were polyradiculoneuritis and granulomatous polymyositis. Neospora caninum was seen microscopically in sections of naturally infected pups, and was isolated in cell cultures, mice, and dogs inoculated with infected canine tissues. Antibodies to N caninum were detected in sera of infected dogs by indirect fluorescent antibody test.
Viral Cre-LoxP tools aid genome engineering in mammalian cells (2017)

We have developed and functionally validated two viral-based Cre-recombinase delivery systems for efficient genome manipulation in various mammalian cells. The ease of gene delivery with the built-in reporters and inducible element enables live cell monitoring, drug selection and temporal knockout, broadening applications of genome editing.
Pronucleotides: Toward thein vivo delivery of antiviral and anticancer nucleotides (2000)

To overcome the many hurdles preventing the use of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides as therapeutics, the development of a prodrug methodology (i.e., pronucleotide) for the in vivo delivery of nucleotides has been proposed as a solution. The ideal pronucleotide should be non-toxic, stable in plasma and blood, capable of being i. v. and/or orally dosed, and intracellularly convertible to the corresponding nucleotide. Although this goal has yet to be achieved, many clever and imaginative pronucleotide approaches have been developed, which are likely to be important pharmacological tools. This review will discuss the major advances and future directions of the emerging field of antiviral and anticancer pronucleotide design and development.
Surface Modification of Hollow Glass Microspheres (2012)

Hollow Glass Microspheres are high-strength, low-density additives made from water resistant and chemically-stable soda-lime-borosilicate glass. These hollow glass microspheres offer a variety of advantages over conventional irregularly-shaped mineral fillers or glass fiber. Their spherical shape helps reduce resin content in a variety of applications. They also create a ball bearing effect that can result in higher filler loading and improved flow. In this research, amine terminated hollow glass microspheres were prepared by adopting three different routes. The results were investigated using FT-IR and SEM to establish the formation of amine groups and observe the morphological structure of the modified HGMs. The results obtained were used to select a suitable less toxic and environmental friendly modification method based on the chemicals used.
Electrooptic phase modulation gas correlation spectroscopy: a laboratory demonstration (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text David M. Rider, J. T. Schofield, J. S. Margolis, and D. J. McCleese, "Electrooptic phase modulation gas correlation spectroscopy: a laboratory demonstration," Appl. Opt. 25, 2860-2862 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The Fetal and Neonatal Pig in Biomedical Research (1974)

The application of fetal and neonatal pigs to research has led to a number of advances in perinatal biology and medicine. Baby pigs have been utilized in diversified areas of biomedical research, including embryology, teratology, nutrition, metabolism and immunology. They have also found use in the study of several pathologic conditions, both spontaneous and iatrogenic, that occur in the human infant.
A fourth ADP/ATP carrier isoform in man: identification, bacterial expression, functional characterization and tissue distribution (2004)

The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) catalyze the exchange of cytosolic ADP for matrix ATP. We have identified and characterized a novel member of the AAC subfamily of mitochondrial metabolite transport proteins, termed AAC4. The AAC4 gene maps to human chromosome 4q28.1, and its product AAC4 is 66-68% identical to human AAC 1-3 and is localized to mitochondria. AAC4 transcripts are exclusively present in liver, testis and brain unlike those of AAC 1-3. Consistent with its belonging to the AAC subfamily, upon heterologous expression and reconstitution into liposomes AAC4 exchanges ADP for ATP by an electrogenic antiport mechanism with high specificity and high sensitivity to carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid.
The influence of food on the disposition of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine and its major metabolites in healthy volunteers (1994)

The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of the antiepileptic oxcarbazepine (OXC) was investigated in healthy volunteers. Six healthy male volunteers were treated with single peroral doses of 600 mg of oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) after overnight fasting or a fat- and protein-rich breakfast. Mean (+/- SD) areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) of the major component in plasma, the active monohydroxy metabolite (MHD), which is responsible for the therapeutic effect in man, were 672 (25) mumol L-1 h when given to the fasted volunteers and 780 (31) mumol L-1 h (p = 0.042) when given after a substantial breakfast. Mean (+/- SD) maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 25.5 (4.8) mumol L-1 when given to the fasted volunteers and 31.4 (5.3) mumol L-1 (p = 0.025) when given after breakfast. Thus, the average AUC was increased by 16% and Cmax by 23% when oxcarbazepine was given with food. The times at which Cmax was reached (tmax) as well as the terminal half-lives were not influenced by concomitant intake of food. The tolerability was the same whether oxcarbazepine was given before or after food in healthy volunteers. The slight effect of food on the kinetics of oxcarbazepine should be of little therapeutic consequence.
Colloidal Au-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA Hybridization (2000)

A new approach to ultrasensitive detection of DNA hybridization based on nanoparticle-amplified surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is described. Use of the Au nanoparticle tags leads to a greater than 10-fold increase in angle shift, corresponding to a more than 1000-fold improvement in sensitivity for the target oligonucleotide as compared to the unamplified binding event. This enhanced shift in SPR reflectivity is a combined result of greatly increased surface mass, high dielectric constant of Au particles, and electromagnetic coupling between Au nanoparticles and the Au film. DNA melting and digestion experiments further supported the feasibility of this approach in DNA hybridization studies. The extremely large angle shifts observed in particle-amplified SPR make it possible to conduct SPR imaging experiments on DNA arrays. In the present work, macroscopic 4 × 4 arrays were employed, and a ∼10 pM limit of quantitation was achieved for 24-mer oligonucleotides (surface density ≤8 × 108 molecules/cm2). Even without further optimization, the sensitivity of this technique begins to approach that of traditional fluorescence-based methods for DNA hybridization. These results illustrate the potential of particle-amplified SPR for array-based DNA analysis and ultrasensitive detection of oligonucleotides.
Phage Therapy for Plant Disease Control (2010)

Bacteria cause a number of economically important plant diseases. Bacterial outbreaks are generally problematic to control due to lack of effective bactericides and to resistance development. Bacteriophages have recently been evaluated for controlling a number of phytobacteria and are now commercially available for some diseases. Major challenges of agricultural use of phages arise from the inherent diversity of target bacteria, high probability of resistance development, and weak phage persistence in the plant environment. Approaches for resistance management--by applying phage mixtures and host-range mutant phages and, for increasing residual activity, by employing protective formulations, avoiding sunlight, and utilizing propagating bacterial strains--resulted in better efficacy and reliability. Deployment of phage therapy as part of an integrated disease management strategy, which includes the use of genetic control, cultural control, biological control, and chemical control, also has been investigated and will likely increase in the future.
Transforming Power Grid Operations (2007)

While computation is used to plan, monitor, and control power grids, some of the computational technologies now used are more than a hundred years old, and the complex interactions of power grid components impede real-time operations. Thus it is hard to speed up “state estimation,” the procedure used to estimate the status of the power grid from measured input. State estimation is the core of grid operations, including contingency analysis, automatic generation control, and optimal power flow. How fast state estimation and contingency analysis are conducted (currently about every 5 minutes) needs to be increased radically so the analysis of contingencies is comprehensive and is conducted in real time. Further, traditional state estimation is based on a power flow model and only provides a static snapshot—a tiny piece of the state of a large-scale dynamic machine. Bringing dynamic aspects into real-time grid operations poses an even bigger challenge. Working with the latest, most advanced computing techniques and hardware, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) intend to transform grid operations by increasing computational speed and improving accuracy. Traditional power grid computation is conducted on single PC hardware platforms. This article shows how traditional power grid computation can be reformulated tomore » take advantage of advanced computing techniques and be converted to high-performance computing platforms (e.g., PC clusters, reconfigurable hardware, scalable multicore shared memory computers, or multithreaded architectures). The improved performance is expected to have a huge impact on how power grids are operated and managed and ultimately will lead to more reliability and better asset utilization to the power industry. New computational capabilities will be tested and demonstrated on the comprehensive grid operations platform in the Electricity Infrastructure Operations Center, which is a newly commissioned PNNL facility for research, development and demonstration of next-generation tools and technologies for enhanced energy infrastructure operations (EIOC sidebar).« less
Characteristics of a Dual-Slotted Circulation Control Wing of Low Aspect Ratio Intended for Naval Hydrodynamic Applications (2004)

Abstract : An experimental investigation was conducted in a water tunnel to explore the application of Coanda-effect circulation control to low aspect ratio wings. The facility was the Large Cavitation Channel in Memphis, TN. The intended application is to high-lift control surfaces (appendages) on underwater naval vehicles. Test results are interpreted in light of both theory and the extensive experience with circulation control (CC) technology at NSWCCD. The semi-span wing test model with a taper ratio of 0.76 was mounted on a load cell; a reflection plane provided for an effective aspect ratio of 2. Dual upper/lower trailing edge tangential jet slots were incorporated for bi-directional force generation. Findings include: finite-span effects on CC augmented lift are consistent with the effects on conventional lift-due-to-angle-of-attack, and cavitation in the Coanda wall jet region does not result in jet detachment or an abrupt lift stall. Wing lift augmentation ratios are up to 36 and meet expectations. Unexpected virtues of a dual-slotted configuration were found that enhance the value of CC to ship and VSTOL aircraft applications. A small flow from the second slot will significantly extend the lift capability beyond that of single slot operation by preventing what is believed to be the adverse effects of excessive turning of the wall jet at high momentum coefficients. Dual slot flow produces a merger of the two wall jets into a free planar jet that enables static thrust vectoring of the jet momentum flux over the full 0-360 degree range. This steerable-jet provides a jet-flap mode of lift development for use at very low vehicle speeds, as an extension of the high efficiency CC mode.
Fabrication of Low-Defectivity, Compressively Strained Ge on Si[sub 0.2]Ge[sub 0.8] Structures Using Aspect Ratio Trapping (2009)

Low-defectivity, compressively strained Ge on was fabricated in oxide trenches using the aspect ratio trapping technique. This was accomplished through the use of pre-epi bakes optimized to remove interfacial impurities which can lead to defective epi layers. Pre-epi bake over the optimum temperature caused the release of stored elastic strain energy in the regions leading to undesirable undulations of the layers. Using the optimum prebake at , thick, compressively strained Ge was grown. It had 1 and 0.45% elastic strain along and perpendicular to the trench direction, respectively, which is well-suited for strained Ge channels in future complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor devices.
Intracellular accumulation of the anti-CD20 antibody 1F5 in B-lymphoma cells. (2002)

In previous experiments, 125I-labeled 1F5 (anti-CD20)was found to kill B-lymphoma cells efficiently and specifically.Unexpectedly, the number of antibody (Ab) molecules taken up per cell was much larger than the number of antigen sites on the cell surface. The present studies were designed to explain this apparent discrepancy. Incubation with fluorophore-conjugated 1F5, using the Raji cell line, demonstrated that the Ab accumulated in large amounts in a juxtanuclear spot. Double labeling showed that the same spot was labeled by transferrin, but the transferrin labeling was much faster (45 min versus 18 h). Experiments with brefeldin A demonstrated that the spot stained was distinct from the Golgi cisternae; thus, it appears to be the endocytic recycling compartment. A fluorescent Fab fragment of 1F5 produced much weaker, barely detectable staining of the juxtanuclear spot. Experiments with three other B-lymphoma cell lines demonstrated marked heterogeneity among them. With Ramos cells, 1F5 and transferrin localized to multiple smaller intracellular spots, rather than a single large spot. There were also major differences between different Abs to CD20, as tested on Raji cells. Rituximab showed some staining of the juxtanuclear spot, but not as homogeneously as the staining with 1F5. B1 and L27 were not tested as thoroughly but did not appear to stain the juxtanuclear spot. Such internalization may have a major impact on the therapy of this tumor type with conjugates of anti-CD20 Abs. However, internalization did not correlate with sensitivity to specific killing by 125I-labeled 1F5.
Support Vector Machines inR (2006)

Being among the most popular and efficient classification and regression methods currently available, implementations of support vector machines exist in almost every popular programming language. Currently four R packages contain SVM related software. The purpose of this paper is to present and compare these implementations.
CORRELATION OF THE LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC CYTOKINE RESPONSE WITH CLINICAL OUTCOME FOLLOWING THERMAL INJURY (1993)

Eighty-eight patients with acute thermal injury were evaluated. Forty-eight hours after injury, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly present in the systemic circulation, lung, normal skin, and thermally injured skin. The presence of TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 proteins in the lung, normal skin, and thermally injured skin were associated with TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA upregulation. Logistic regression analysis controlling for the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index demonstrated that the presence of IL-8 in the lung was associated with early pulmonary physiologic dysfunction (p = 0.006) and nosocomial pulmonary infection (p = 0.040). We conclude that acute thermal injury initiates an early systemic, lung, and skin response involving TNF, IL-6, and IL-8. The TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 protein present in the lung and skin in response to acute thermal injury are generated locally and do not originate from the systemic cytokine pool. The lung cytokine response to acute thermal injury may initiate local organ failure.