gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant transformation of human melanocytes: induction of a complete melanoma phenotype and genotype. (1992)

Human melanoma provides a model to study malignant transformation and tumor progression. Expression of ras oncogenes in cultured normal human diploid melanocytes has induced a subset of phenotypic traits that are characteristic of malignant melanoma cells, including altered morphology, anchorage independence, induction of class II MHC antigens, up-regulation of the ganglioside GD3, and chromosomal abnormalities. However, other characteristics of melanoma, such as loss of expression of adenosine deaminase-binding protein and tumorigenicity, were not observed. We report here that melanocytes infected with a retrovirus containing the viral Ha-ras oncogene underwent complete transformation, acquiring all phenotypic characteristics of malignant melanomas observed in vivo. Transformation occurred in a sequential manner and was associated with spontaneous chromosomal instability. Cytogenetic analysis of transformed melanocytes indicated that the earliest structural chromosomal abnormalities were isochromosomes 6p and 9q followed by complete loss of chromosome 1p, all common karyotypic abnormalities described in human melanomas. The findings suggest that these chromosome regions which are deleted or relatively deficient may contain genes that are critical for the initiation and progression of the melanoma phenotype.
Double, independent mutational events in the rpsL gene of Escherichia coli: an example of hypermutability? (1993)

A proportion (up to 20%) of newly arising streptomycin-dependent (SmD) colonies of Escherichia coli WP2 contain bacteria where, in addition to a known SmD-determining (primary) mutation in the rpsL gene, there is a further ancillary mutation in the same gene. These ancillary mutations occur at 10 sites between 11 and 201bp away from the primary mutation. Ancillary mutations have been found in mutant colonies arising both spontaneously and after treatment with ultraviolet light and some have been found repeatedly. Ancillary mutations were frequently found to occur in mixed clones with an excess of bacteria carrying only the primary SmD mutation. No ancillary mutations were found in an adjacent non-coding region and there were no coding sequence changes that did not alter the amino acid specified. Although a selective advantage for bacteria containing ancillary mutations could not be demonstrated directly in every case, some small advantage must be presumed to have occurred to explain the absence of mutations at the other sites and particularly at third (wobble) codon positions. Ancillary mutations appear to occur fairly early in the life of a newly arisen SmD mutant clone in some sort of hypermutable process. Whether they are noticed appears to depend on their conferment of some selective advantage on the bacteria carrying them. While the ancillary mutations within rpsL lie close to, and may be consequent upon the formation of a primary SmD mutation, their mechanism of formation appears to be at least to some extent independent and does not involve the recA or umuC genes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination (1991)

A generalization of the coefficient of determination R2 to general regression models is discussed. A modification of an earlier definition to allow for discrete models is proposed.
Competition Between CTL Narrows the Immune Response Induced by Prime-Boost Vaccination Protocols (2002)

Recombinant vaccines encoding strings of virus- or tumor-derived peptides and/or proteins are currently being designed for use against both cancer and infectious diseases. These vaccines aim to induce cytotoxic immune responses against several Ags simultaneously. We developed a novel tetramer-based technique, based on chimeric HLA A2/H-2K(b) H chains, to directly monitor the CTL response to such vaccines in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. We found that priming and boosting with the same polyepitope construct induced immune responses that were dominated by CTL of a single specificity. When a mixture of viruses encoding single proteins was used to boost the polyepitope primed response, CTL of multiple specificities were simultaneously expanded to highly effective levels in vivo. In addition, we show that a preexisting response to one of the epitopes encoded within a polyepitope construct significantly impaired the ability of the vaccine to expand CTL of other specificities. Our findings define a novel vaccination strategy optimized for the induction of an effective polyvalent cytotoxic response.
Physical map of the recA gene. (1979)

We have cloned the recA gene of Echerichia coli K12 and some of its restriction fragments on the plasmid cloning vehicle pBR322. The recA gene was mapped with regard to the restriction sites of EcoRI, BamHI, Pst I, Hha I, Hae III, HinfI, and Taq I restriction endonucleases. The recA promoter was localized by the binding of RNA polymerase to restriction fragments. The initiation point of transcription of recA mRNA and the direction of transcription were determined from in vitro transcription of recA gene fragments and from analysis of the polypeptides made in maxicells that contain plasmids carrying only part of the recA gene.
Sparse channel estimation for OFDM: Over-complete dictionaries and super-resolution (2009)

Wireless multipath channels can often be characterized as sparse, i.e., the number of significant paths is small even when the channel delay spread is large. This can be taken advantage of when estimating the unknown channel frequency response using pilot assisted modulation. Other work has largely focused on the greedy orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, using a dictionary based on an equivalent finite impulse response filter to model the channel. This is not necessarily realistic, as the physical nature of the channel is continuous in time, while the equivalent filter taps are based on baseband sampling. In this paper, we consider sparse channel estimation using a continuous time path-based channel model. This can be linked to the direction finding problem from the array processing literature and solved using the well-known root-MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms, which have no formal time resolution. In addition, we show that a dictionary with finer time resolution considerably improves the performance of OMP and the related Basis Pursuit (BP) algorithm.
CAR-1, a Protein That Localizes with the mRNA Decapping Component DCAP-1, Is Required for Cytokinesis and ER Organization inCaenorhabditis elegansEmbryos (2005)

The division of one cell into two requires the coordination of multiple components. We describe a gene, car-1, whose product may provide a link between disparate cellular processes. Inhibition of car-1 expression in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos causes late cytokinesis failures: cleavage furrows ingress but subsequently regress and the spindle midzone fails to form, even though midzone components are present. The localized accumulation of membrane that normally develops at the apex of the cleavage furrow during the final phase of cytokinesis does not occur and organization of the endoplasmic reticulum is aberrant, indicative of a disruption in membrane trafficking. The car-1 gene has homologues in a number of species, including proteins that associate with RNA binding proteins. CAR-1 localizes to P-granules (germ-line specific ribonucleoprotein particles) and discrete, developmentally regulated cytoplasmic foci. These foci also contain DCAP-1, a protein involved in decapping mRNAs. Thus, CAR-1, a protein likely to be associated with RNA metabolism, plays an essential role in the late stage of cytokinesis, suggesting a novel link between RNA, membrane trafficking and cytokinesis in the C. elegans embryo.
Electro-optic imaging of millimeter-wave field distributions (2002)

imaging of electric field distributions above an open-ended waveguide are performed using an external electro-optic measurement system, demonstrating the ability of this technique for a full analysis of the electric field in terms of its vectorial components at millimeterwave frequencies. Increasing this bandwidth to 110 GHz with frequency multipliers seems realistic.
Enhancement of specific immunoglobulin production in SCID-hu-PBL mice after in vitro priming of human B cells with superantigen. (1995)

Priming of human mature B cells in vitro with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) prior to transplantation of the B cells into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, together with human T-helper cells, resulted in higher and more uniform concentrations of serum IgG in the mice. This indicated that a large number of B cells had become activated, which was supported by the finding that SEA priming resulted in production of immunoglobulin displaying a more normal kappa/lambda ratio than was obtained in the absence of SEA priming. However, IgM concentrations were not affected by SEA priming. Immunization of mice, transplanted with SEA-primed B cells, with both primary and secondary antigens resulted in a high specific IgG response to both types of antigen. The elevated levels of specific antibodies were not merely the consequence of an unspecific stimulation of B cells caused by SEA, as the ratio of specific antibody to total IgG was much higher in animals receiving SEA-primed B cells. Thus, a co-operative effect on immunoglobulin production of stimulating B cells via surface immunoglobulin and help delivered by SEA-activated T-helper cells was indicated. A specific antigen-dependent IgM response to a secondary antigen was observed as well, but was, in contrast to the IgG response, not influenced by SEA priming of B cells. No IgM antibodies with reactivities to the primary antigens were detected in the SCID sera at any time-point after immunization. The results thus indicate that SEA might replace T-cell epitopes in antigens and efficiently recruit an abundance of T-cell help to B cells, resulting in enhanced production of specific IgG antibodies.
Characterization of Quasispecies of Pandemic 2009 Influenza A Virus (A/H1N1/2009) by De Novo Sequencing Using a Next-Generation DNA Sequencer (2010)

Pandemic 2009 influenza A virus (A/H1N1/2009) has emerged globally. In this study, we performed a comprehensive detection of potential pathogens by de novo sequencing using a next-generation DNA sequencer on total RNAs extracted from an autopsy lung of a patient who died of viral pneumonia with A/H1N1/2009. Among a total of 9.4x10(6) 40-mer short reads, more than 98% appeared to be human, while 0.85% were identified as A/H1N1/2009 (A/Nagano/RC1-L/2009(H1N1)). Suspected bacterial reads such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and other oral bacteria flora were very low at 0.005%, and a significant bacterial infection was not histologically observed. De novo assembly and read mapping analysis of A/Nagano/RC1-L/2009(H1N1) showed more than x200 coverage on average, and revealed nucleotide heterogeneity on hemagglutinin as quasispecies, specifically at two amino acids (Gly(172)Glu and Gly(239)Asn of HA) located on the Sa and Ca2 antigenic sites, respectively. Gly239 and Asn239 on antigenic site Ca2 appeared to be minor amino acids compared with the highly distributed Asp239 in H1N1 HAs. This study demonstrated that de novo sequencing can comprehensively detect pathogens, and such in-depth investigation facilitates the identification of influenza A viral heterogeneity. To better characterize the A/H1N1/2009 virus, unbiased comprehensive techniques will be indispensable for the primary investigations of emerging infectious diseases.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Chiral 2-Alkenylaziridines: Palladium(0)-Catalyzed 2,3-cis-Selective Aziridination and Base-Mediated 2,3-trans-Selective Aziridination (2004)

Whereas treatment of the allylic mesylates of N-protected 2-alkyl-4-amino-(E)-2-alken-1-ols with sodium hydride in DMF yields exclusively the corresponding thermodynamically less stable 2,3-trans-2-alkenyl-3-alkylaziridines, exposure of the methyl carbonates of N-protected 2-alkyl-4-amino-(E)-2-alken-1-ols to a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh(3))(4) in THF or 1,4-dioxane affords predominantly the corresponding thermodynamically more stable 2,3-cis-2-alkenyl-3-alkylaziridines. The kinetically favored trans-selective aziridination would be attributed to the allylic 1,3-strain in aza-anionic intermediates. The conformational analysis of the sterically highly congested 2-alkenylaziridines thus obtained is also presented.
Views on Biological, Long-Range Electron Transfer Stir Debate (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTViews on Biological, Long-Range Electron Transfer Stir DebateLatest question is whether protein between redox centers provides pathways to facilitate electron-transfer reactionsRUDY M. BAUMView Author Information C&EN West Coast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 8, 20–23Publication Date (Print):February 22, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 22 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n008.p020https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n008.p020newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Pneumococcal Conjugate Polysaccharide and Free Polysaccharide Vaccines in Elderly Adults: Conjugate Vaccine Elicits Improved Antibacterial Immune Responses and Immunological Memory (2008)

In adults, an initial dose of 7vPnC is likely to elicit higher and potentially more effective levels of antipneumococcal antibodies than is PPV. In contrast with PPV, for which the induction of hyporesponsiveness was observed when used as a priming dose, 7vPnC elicits an immunological state that permits subsequent administration of 7vPnC or PPV to maintain functional antipolysaccharide antibody levels.
SCE as a CASE: an extendible service creation architecture (2002)

A service creation process (or environment) can be seen as a specialized type of a computer-aided software engineering process (or environment), which is tightly coupled with the intelligent network. As such, the following characteristics are considered essential: automatic code generation capability; independence from service control platform; integrated environment; and extendability. This paper examines those characteristics in detail and describes the ways to achieve these characteristics. It also discusses some issues relating to the current standardization activities and results.
Bounded index exponential hashing (1983)

Bounded index exponential hashing, a new form of extendible hashing, is described. It has the important advantages over most of the other extendible hashing variants of both (i) providing random access to any record of a file in close to one disk access and (ii) having performance which does not vary with file size. It is straightforward to implement and demands only a fixed and specifiable amount of main storage to achieve this performance. Its underlying physical disk storage is readily managed and record overflow is handled so as to insure that unsuccessful searches never take more than two accesses. The method's ability to access data in close to a single disk access makes it possible to organize a database, in which files have a primary key and multiple secondary keys, such that the result is a significant performance advantage over existing organizations.
Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond (2019)

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is widely used for imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials down to atomic resolution. Recent advances in detector technology and computational methods have enabled many experiments that record a full image of the STEM probe for many probe positions, either in diffraction space or real space. In this paper, we review the use of these four-dimensional STEM experiments for virtual diffraction imaging, phase, orientation and strain mapping, measurements of medium-range order, thickness and tilt of samples, and phase contrast imaging methods, including differential phase contrast, ptychography, and others.
Evaluation of Two New Commercial Tests for the Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Virus Infection Using NS1 Antigen Detection in Human Serum (2008)

Our findings support the use of diagnostic tools based on the NS1 antigen detection for the diagnosis of acute DENV infection. The immunochromatographic test, Dengue NS1 Ag STRIP-the first rapid diagnostic test for DENV infection-was highly sensitive and specific, and would therefore be a suitable first-line test in the field. The pan-E Dengue Early ELISA was less sensitive than the Platelia test; this two-step ELISA should be combined with DENV IgM antibody detection for the diagnosis of DENV infection.
Cyclodextrin-Based Molecular Machines (2001)

Cyclodextrins have been used as a cyclic component in the construction of supramolecular architectures. Recently they have been studied as a component in the construction of rotaxanes and catenanes. A cyclodextrin ring can translocate in some rotaxane and catenane structures. Therefore, much attention has been given to cyclodextrins as a component of molecular shuttles, motors, and machines. Attempts to design and synthesize molecular-level machines using cyclodextrins as a cyclic component are described.
Protein heterogeneity in the human Ro/SSA ribonucleoproteins. The 52- and 60-kD Ro/SSA autoantigens are encoded by separate genes. (1991)

Two cDNA clones encoding the 52-kD form of a protein present in human Ro/SSA ribonucleoprotein complexes were cloned from a lambda gt11 human thymocyte cDNA library. These clones reacted with lupus patient sera which had anti-52-kD Ro/SSA antibodies, and with affinity-purified anti-52-kD Ro/SSA antibodies. Moreover, affinity-purified antibodies isolated from isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-induced proteins of these clones reacted only with the 52-kD protein of lymphocytes in Western blots and precipitated Ro/SSA hY RNAs, confirming that the clones encode a 52-kD Ro/SSA antigen. The cDNA contains a single open reading frame of 1,425 nucleotides and encodes a predicted 475-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 54,108 D. This protein appears unique in that both a zinc finger and leucine zipper motif are present on this protein. Surprisingly, no homology was found between the 52-kD Ro/SSA gene or protein and three published 60-kD Ro/SSA sequences. However, significant similarity of the 52-kD Ro/SSA was detected with human rfp and mouse rpt-1. These three proteins each contain similar zinc finger motifs in approximately their first 145 amino acid residues. The cDNA and the protein expressed therefrom are useful in the analysis of the structural and functional properties of this autoantigen.
Neuroprotective properties of levosimendan in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury (2010)

Levosimendan represents a promising new pharmacological tool for neuroprotection after brain injury and warrants further investigation in an in vivo model.
Development of a Simple Cell Invasion Assay System. (2000)

Cell invasion assay is important for studying various biological events, such as inflammation, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this study, we developed a simple method for the quantification of cell invasion by using a culture insert with fluorescence blocking micropore membrane (FBM). Fluorescence labeled cells were simply added to a culture insert with a 8 micrompore FBM precoated with Matrigel and incubated for an appropriate duration. Then, the FBM was examined under a fluorescence microscope to count the invaded cell number. By this method, accurate invasion assay is easily performed without the steps of fixation and staining of cells and removal of cells which do not invade.
Design considerations for MRAM (2006)

MRAM (magnetic random access memory) technology, based on the use of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as memory elements, is a potentially fast nonvolatile memory technology with very high write endurance. This paper is an overview of MRAM design considerations. Topics covered include MRAM fundamentals, array architecture, several associated design studies, and scaling challenges. In addition, a 16-Mb MRAM demonstration vehicle is described, and performance results are presented.
Unravelling the Effects of Cl Addition in Single Step CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

The effect of film morphology on the photovoltaic performances is illustrated. Pin holes free and uniform films could be formed by slowing down the crystallization rate through additional of excess CH3NH3+. Though better film coverage is obtained, the device series resistance increases as excess CH3NH3I increases. Thermogravimetric analysis confirms the presence of residual excess CH3NH3I in the final film. When chlorine is added to the CH3NH3+ rich system, CH3NH3Cl is formed and can easily sublime during annealing at 100 °C. A little trace of excess CH3NH3Cl can be detected from thermogravic analysis, and the residual chlorine atoms match with XPS reading.
Functional Polymers and Dendrimers: Reactivity, Molecular Architecture, and Interfacial Energy (1994)

The interaction of polymers with their environment depends largely on the functional groups they carry. Interfaces between different polymers or between polymers and other surfaces can be strengthened through the design of molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and through the control of polymer architecture. The placement of functional groups at polymer chain ends or in well-defined segments can determine the ultimate properties. Three-dimensional synthetic polymers such as dendrimers can be fashioned to encapsulate reactive sites or provide highly controlled surfaces and interfaces.
Europarl: A Parallel Corpus for Statistical Machine Translation (2005)

We collected a corpus of parallel text in 11 languages from the proceedings of the European Parliament, which are published on the web 1. This corpus has found widespread use in the NLP community. Here, we focus on its acquisition and its application as training data for statistical machine translation (SMT). We trained SMT systems for 110 language pairs, which reveal interesting clues into the challenges ahead.