gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions via Adsorption onto Modified Lignin from Pulping Wastes (2005)

The aim for this research is to study inexpensive and effective metal ion adsorbents from biomass sources of modified lignin to offer these adsorbents as replacements for existing commercial materials. The initial concentrations were increased up to 12.7 ppm for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Zn 2+ in order to reach the plateau values which represent saturation of the active points which are available for interaction with metal ions on the lignin samples. The maximum adsorption capacities are 11.3, 17.5, and 7.7 mg per g of the lignin for Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cd 2+ , respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity is higher than 20 mg per g of the lignin for Cu 2+ ion. The maximum adsorption percentage is 96.7 for Pb 2+ for 4 h at 330 K and is 95.0 for Zn 2+ for 10 h at 290 K. The adsorption of all heavy metal ions first increases with pH and almost reaches a plateau value around 4.0 for Cu 2+ , 4.5 for Zn 2+ , 5.0 for Pb 2+ . High adsorption at higher pH values implies that metal ions interact with lignin by ion exchange.
Magnetic-field-induced Fréedericksz transition and the dynamic response of nematic liquid-crystal films with a free surface (1991)

The Fr\'eedericksz transition and the dynamic response of homeotropical liquid-crystal films with a free surface (FS) induced by a perpendicular dc magnetic field have been studied theoretically and experimentally for two nematic substances: 4'-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and 4'-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB). For either one of these two materials, it is found that the critical magnetic field of these two nematic liquid-crystal (NLC) films with a free surface is equal to that of the NLC film with hard boundaries (HB) of the same thickness. This thus demonstrates a very strong orientational anchoring for 5CB and 8CB at the free surface. The intrinsic structures of FS samples are homeotropic, just as the HB ones are. For the dynamic response, the turn-off rates of FS samples are found to be about two times faster than those of the HB ones. This is interpreted with the backflow theory and the lack of positional anchoring on the free surface. Finally, a sensitive approach to determine the viscosity coefficients, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\eta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$, of the NLC film is suggested.
Impulse-based dynamic simulation of rigid body systems (1996)

Dynamic simulation is a powerful application of today's computers, with uses in fields ranging from engineering to animation to virtual reality. This thesis introduces a new paradigm for dynamic simulation, called impulse-based simulation. The paradigm is designed to meet the twin goals of physical accuracy and computational efficiency. Obtaining physically accurate results is often the whole reason for performing a simulation, however, in many applications, computational efficiency is equally important. Impulse-based simulation is designed to simulate moderately complex systems at interactive speeds. To achieve this performance, certain restrictions are made on the systems to be simulated. The strongest restriction is that they comprise only rigid bodies.
The hardest part of rigid body simulation is modeling the interactions that occur between bodies in contact. The most commonly used approaches are penalty methods, followed by analytic methods. Both of these approaches are constraint-based, meaning that constraint forces at the contact points are continually computed and applied to determine the accelerations of the bodies. Impulse-based simulation is a departure from these approaches, in that there are no explicit constraints to be maintained at contact points. Rather, all contact interactions between bodies are affected through collisions; rolling, sliding, resting, and colliding contact are all modeled in this way. The approach has several advantages, including simplicity, robustness, parallelizability, and an ability to efficiently simulate classes of systems that are difficult to simulate using constraint-based methods. The accuracy of impulse-based simulation has been experimentally tested and is sufficient for many applications.
The processing of collisions is a critical aspect of the impulse-based approach. Efficient algorithms are needed for detecting the large number of collisions that occur, without missing any. Furthermore, the physical accuracy of the simulator rests upon the accuracy of the collision response algorithms. This thesis describes these essential algorithms, and their underlying theory. It describes how the algorithms for simple rigid body simulation may be extended to systems of articulated rigid bodies. To prove the method is truly practical, the algorithms have been implemented in the prototype simulator, Impulse. Many experiments performed with Impulse are described.
Experimental Emulsified Diesel and Benzen Investigation (2010)

This study presents an experimental investigation of emulsified fuels as an operating material for vehicle engines. Water in fuel blends is still relatively unknown and unaccepted by the majority of people. Introducing water into the combustion chamber h as been around for more than one time, through water injection systems and emulsification of water into fuel. Adding water to fules will reduce bad emissions of the vehicles. It is found that brake power, engine power and also the engine torque have been improved with the emulsified fuels for both diesel and benzen till 25% water percentage addition.
Biochemical markers in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. (1998)

For many years cardiac markers have been used to classify whether chest pain is attributable to acute myocardial infarction or not. However massive, myocardial infarction is frequently preceded by plaque inflammation and local thrombus formation. Novel cardiac markers focus on detection of these more subtle manifestations of coronary artery disease. Detection of inflammation of coronary artery plaques is best achieved by measurement of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, while thrombus formation may be assessed by testing for fibrin formation and platelet activation. When coronary flow is severely impaired minor myocardial injury will occur and cellular constituents may egress from damaged myocytes. Among the many cardiac markers for myocardial cell necrosis, troponin T revealed the highest sensitivity and cardio-specificity. The superior performance of troponin T has not only refined detection of myocardial cell necrosis but has also improved the risk stratification process and may even facilitate therapeutic decision making in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This review will summarize the characteristics and performance of diagnostic tools used for classification and risk stratification of patients with suspected myocardial injury.
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease—a Brief Review of Epidemiological Studies in Japan (1992)

The relationship between dietary intake and the frequency of cardiovascular disease in Japan during the 20th century is reviewed.
Generation of 30−50 nm Structures Using Easily Fabricated, Composite PDMS Masks (2002)

This communication demonstrates an approach to generate simple nanostructures with critical dimensions down to 30 nm over cm2-sized areas using composite PDMS masks. These masks were patterned with feature sizes down to 100 nm. When used in phase-shifting lithography, these masks generated arrays of structures in photoresist with line widths as small as 30 nm, slots in metal with features down to 40 nm, and wells in epoxy with diameters as small as 100 nm. The wells were used to prepare arrays of uniformly sized nanocrystals of salts.
TURL: Table Understanding through Representation Learning (2020)

Relational tables on the Web store a vast amount of knowledge. Owing to the wealth of such tables, there has been tremendous progress on a variety of tasks in the area of table understanding. However, existing work generally relies on heavily-engineered task-specific features and model architectures. In this paper, we present TURL, a novel framework that introduces the pre-training/fine-tuning paradigm to relational Web tables. During pre-training, our framework learns deep contextualized representations on relational tables in an unsupervised manner. Its universal model design with pre-trained representations can be applied to a wide range of tasks with minimal task-specific fine-tuning. Specifically, we propose a structure-aware Transformer encoder to model the row-column structure of relational tables, and present a new Masked Entity Recovery (MER) objective for pre-training to capture the semantics and knowledge in large-scale unlabeled data. We systematically evaluate TURL with a benchmark consisting of 6 different tasks for table understanding (e.g., relation extraction, cell filling). We show that TURL generalizes well to all tasks and substantially outperforms existing methods in almost all instances.
Flow Cytometric Determination of the Proportions of X- and Y-Chromosome-Bearing Sperm in Samples of Purportedly Separated Bull Sperm (1985)

A rapid assay for determining the proportions of X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm in semen samples would benefit research aimed at sex ratio control through sperm separation. It also would be of value for quality control should a separation technique be developed. Flow cytometric methods capable of measuring sperm DNA content precisely enough to resolve and quantify the X and Y populations in many mammalian species have been developed. They are effective for fresh and cryopreserved sperm of most domestic animals. Results are reported of flow cytometric analyses of bull sperm samples from seven commercial and academic sources after processing with procedures purported to separate the X and Y populations. In no case was enrichment of either sperm population observed. Breeding trials carried out by the sources of two of the sets of samples showed these procedures were ineffective in altering the sex ratio.
Discovery of a High Affinity, Orally Bioavailable Macrocyclic FXIa Inhibitor with Antithrombotic Activity in Preclinical Species (2020)

Oral factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitors may provide a promising new antithrombotic therapy with an improved benefit to bleeding risk profile over existing antithrombotic agents. Herein, we report application of a previously disclosed cyclic carbamate P1 linker which provided improved oral bioavailability in the imidazole-based 13-membered macrocycle to the 12-membered macrocycle. This resulted in identification of compound <b>4</b> with desired FXIa inhibitory potency and good oral bioavailability but high in vivo clearance. Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of heterocyclic core modifications to replace the imidazole core as well as various linkers to the P1 group led to the discovery of compound <b>6f</b>, a potent FXIa inhibitor with selectivity against most of the relevant serine proteases. Compound <b>6f</b> also demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetics (PK) profile (high oral bioavailability and low clearance) in multiple preclinical species. Compound <b>6f</b> achieved robust antithrombotic efficacy in a rabbit efficacy model at doses which preserved hemostasis.
Epidermal growth factor regulates the exchange rate of guanine nucleotides on p21ras in fibroblasts. (1993)

Treatment of intact Rat-1 fibroblasts with epidermal growth factor (EGF) leads to rapid activation of cellular ras-encoded proteins. By using the bacterial toxin streptolysin O to permeabilize these cells, it was shown that the low basal rate at which guanine nucleotides bind to, and dissociate from, ras-encoded protein in quiescent fibroblasts was greatly accelerated by EGF treatment. Nucleotide binding to other proteins was not affected. Stimulation of nucleotide exchange on ras-encoded protein required tyrosine kinase but not phospholipase activity. EGF had no effect on total GTPase-activating protein activity. Regulation of ras-encoded protein in Rat-1 fibroblasts is therefore mediated by stimulation, either directly or indirectly, of ras-encoded protein-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase.
Antigen Clearing from Porcine Heart Valves with Preservation of Structural Integrity (2006)

Bioprostheses currently used for replacement of diseased cardiovascular tissue are preserved and partially protected from immune rejection through chemical fixation. However, after implantation, chemically preserved (fixed) material has limited durability and lacks the ability to revitalize through cellular ingrowth and remodeling. As an alternative to fixation, we aimed at thoroughly removing antigens from tissue, leaving an intact scaffold, suitable for integration and revitalization in the host. Extensive washing of porcine heart valves with a mixture of two detergents (SDS and Triton X-100) yielded an intact matrix devoid of cells and depleted of soluble proteins that was minimally immunogenic in rabbits. A detailed characterization of the biomechanics and durability of the tissue is under way. If the lack of immunogenicity is confirmed in primates, our results would suggest that a detergent-washed, unfixed porcine heart valve can be an attractive non-inflammatory scaffold for heart valve regeneration in humans.
T Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors Can Cause Anaphylaxis in Humans (2013)

T cells can be redirected to overcome tolerance to cancer by engineering with integrating vectors to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). In preclinical models, we have previously shown that transfection of T cells with mRNA coding for a CAR is an alternative strategy that has antitumor efficacy and the potential to evaluate the on-target off-tumor toxicity of new CAR targets safely due to transient mRNA CAR expression. Here, we report the safety observed in four patients treated with autologous T cells that had been electroporated with mRNA coding for a CAR derived from a murine antibody to human mesothelin. Because of the transient nature of CAR expression on the T cells, subjects in the clinical study were given repeated infusions of the CAR-T cells to assess their safety. One subject developed anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest within minutes of completing the third infusion. Although human anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies have been known to develop with CAR-transduced T cells, they have been thought to have no adverse clinical consequences. This is the first description of clinical anaphylaxis resulting from CAR-modified T cells, most likely through IgE antibodies specific to the CAR. These results indicate that the potential immunogenicity of CARs derived from murine antibodies may be a safety issue for mRNA CARs, especially when administered using an intermittent dosing schedule.
The selective estrogen receptor downregulator GDC-0810 is efficacious in diverse models of ER+ breast cancer (2016)

ER-targeted therapeutics provide valuable treatment options for patients with ER+ breast cancer, however, current relapse and mortality rates emphasize the need for improved therapeutic strategies. The recent discovery of prevalent ESR1 mutations in relapsed tumors underscores a sustained reliance of advanced tumors on ERα signaling, and provides a strong rationale for continued targeting of ERα. Here we describe GDC-0810, a novel, non-steroidal, orally bioavailable selective ER downregulator (SERD), which was identified by prospectively optimizing ERα degradation, antagonism and pharmacokinetic properties. GDC-0810 induces a distinct ERα conformation, relative to that induced by currently approved therapeutics, suggesting a unique mechanism of action. GDC-0810 has robust in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of human breast cancer cell lines and patient derived xenografts, including a tamoxifen-resistant model and those that harbor ERα mutations. GDC-0810 is currently being evaluated in Phase II clinical studies in women with ER+ breast cancer.
Spatio-temporal image analysis of particle streaks in micro-channels for low-cost electro-hydrodynamic flow characterization (2011)

Flow characterization is a primary analytical method for performance evaluation of microfluidic devices. With the increasing prevalence of microfluidic devices in recent years, there is a growing need for simple methods of automated flow estimation. In this work, a novel flow diagnostic technique based on image analysis of particle streaks is introduced, to characterize local flow velocities. While 1D velocimetry using particle tracks has occasionally been discussed for macro-scale environments, the use of particle streaks for 2-D flow characterization in micro-channels has not been explored. The proposed technique is qualitatively validated against electrokinetic experiment and numerically validated with simulated flows.
Altered expression of bcl‐2 and bax mRNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord motor neurons (1996)

One of the primary neurodegenerative events occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the selective loss of spinal cord alpha motor neurons. To study the potential role of apoptosis in the degeneration of these motor neurons, in situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of two apoptotic cell death genes, bcl-2 and bax, in control and ALS lumbar spinal cord sections. The strongest hybridization signal for bcl-2 mRNA in neurological and nonneurological control spinal cords was found primarily in lamina IX alpha motor neurons, while a weaker hybridization signal was found in neurons of Clarke's nucleus and the proper sensory nucleus of the dorsal horn. Surviving lamina IX motor neurons in ALS spinal cord sections also expressed bcl-2 mRNA, but at levels that were significantly and selectively decreased (4.7-fold) compared with controls. bax mRNA hybridization signal was detected in several cells throughout the gray matter in control and ALS lumbar spinal cord, but was significantly and selectively increased (2.8-fold) in ALS motor neurons. Given the proposed interactive roles of these genes in apoptosis, the present findings favor a scenario in which this mode of cell death would contribute to spinal cord motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 23. Configurational Assignments in the 4‐Phenyl‐1,3,2λ5‐dioxaphosphorinane Series. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of cis‐2‐Benzylamino‐4‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinane 2‐Oxide. (1989)

Abstract Chlorine displacement in (I) by the amine (II) gives the cis product (III) (space group C2/c).
Modification: A Leader Skill in Group Work (1995)

Abstract Modification is introduced as a group leader skill for processing feedback containing both counterproductive and productive elements. The value and application of modification in group work is clarified. SUMMARY Modification is a leader skill in group work that elicits potentially productive feedback from group members. The intervention assists in protecting group participants from damaging interactions, dealing with negative feedback, and saving face in group. Modification is useful when a group member provides feedback to another participant that conveys both counterproductive and productive elements. The group leader's use of a sequence for modifying assists in understanding and applying the skill. A supportive and convincing tone by the leader is also beneficial in the effective use of modification. Frequently group leaders recognize member feedback to other group participants that would be much more helpful if only stated in a more constructive way. Modification is a group leader skill that intentionally intervenes to make the “if only” an immediate reality in group work.
Alginate hydrogel linked with synthetic oligopeptide derived from BMP-2 allows ectopic osteoinductionin vivo (2000)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique molecules with a specific biological activity for inducing ectopic bone formation when implanted with a suitable carrier matrix. However, incorporation of BMP into the carrier has disadvantages, including early burst release and protein degradation in biological environments. Therefore, we considered that the next greatest challenge in achieving successful clinical use was the development of a carrier system for site-specific delivery of the morphogenetic signal of BMP. In this study, a novel BMP-2-derived oligopeptide, NSVNSKIPKACCVPTELSAI, was coupled covalently to alginate. Then NSVNSKIPKACCVPTELSAI-linked alginate hydrogel composites were implanted into the calf muscle of rats and harvested 3 or 8 weeks after surgery. Ectopic bone formation was observed in alginate hydrogel linked with BMP-2-derived peptide. It is suggested that alginate hydrogel linked with an oligopeptide derived from BMP-2 might provide an alternative system for topical delivery of the morphogenetic signal of BMP-2.
Very low data rate speech compression with LPC vector and matrix quantization (2005)

Frame predictive vector quantization is developed to compress the bit rate for coding the LPC filter coefficients to under 250 bits/sec. An innovative LPC compression technique, matrix quantization, is also developed to compress the LPC filter coefficients to a rate under 150 bits/sec. Subjective evaluation with the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT) finds the proposed techniques to be feasible for intelligible speech transmission at bit rates between 400 bits/sec and 200 bits/sec.
Algorithms in C (1990)

Algorithms in C is a comprehensive repository of algorithms, complete with code. If you're in a pinch and need to code something up fast, this book is the place to look. Starting with basic data structures, Algorithms in C covers an enormous scope of information, with extensive treatment of searching and advanced data structures, sorting, string processing, computational geometry, graph problems, and mathematical algorithms. Although the manual often neglects to provide rigorous analysis, the text surrounding the algorithms provides clear and relevant insight into why the algorithms work.
Model studies toward the synthesis of leukotrienes: hetero-Diels-Alder reactivity of tricarbonyl(diene)iron complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel studies toward the synthesis of leukotrienes: hetero-Diels-Alder reactivity of tricarbonyl(diene)iron complexesWilliam A. Donaldson, Chunlin Tao, Dennis W. Bennett, and Desiree S. GrubishaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 14, 4563–4566Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00014a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00014a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Methods for Screening for Fecal Occult Blood (2005)

Mortality reductions demonstrated with FOBT in clinical trials may not be realized in community practice because of the common use of in-office tests and inappropriate follow-up of positive results. Education of providers and system-level interventions are needed to improve the quality of screening implementation.