gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel peripheral nervous system myelin protein (PMP-22/SR13) (1992)

We have recently described a novel cDNA, SR13 (Welcher, A. A., U. Suter, M. De Leon, G. J. Snipes, and E. M. Shooter. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:7195-7199), that is repressed after sciatic nerve crush injury and shows homology to both the growth arrest-specific mRNA, gas3 (Manfioletti, G., M. E. Ruaro, G. Del Sal, L. Philipson, and C. Schneider, 1990. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:2924-2930), and to the myelin protein, PASII (Kitamura, K., M. Suzuki, and K. Uyemura. 1976. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 455:806-816). In this report, we show that the 22-kD SR13 protein is expressed in the compact portion of essentially all myelinated fibers in the peripheral nervous system. Although SR13 mRNA was found in the central nervous system, no corresponding SR13 protein could be detected by either immunoblot analysis or by immunohistochemistry. Northern and immunoblot analysis of SR13 mRNA and protein expression during development of the peripheral nervous system reveal a pattern similar to other myelin proteins. Furthermore, we demonstrate by in situ mRNA hybridization on tissue sections and on individual nerve fibers that SR13 mRNA is produced predominantly by Schwann cells. We conclude that the SR13 protein is apparently exclusively expressed in the peripheral nervous system where it is a major component of myelin. Thus, we propose the name Peripheral Myelin Protein-22 (PMP-22) for the proteins and cDNA previously designated PASII, SR13, and gas3.
Sequential model selection for word sense disambiguation (1997)

Statistical models of word-sense disambiguation are often based on a small number of contextual features or on a model that is assumed to characterize the interactions among a set of features. Model selection is presented as an alternative to these approaches, where a sequential search of possible models is conducted in order to find the model that best characterizes the interactions among features. This paper expands existing model selection methodology and presents the first comparative study of model selection search strategies and evaluation criteria when applied to the problem of building probabilistic classifiers for word-sense disambiguation.
SiO[sub 2] Chemical Vapor Deposition at Room Temperature Using SiCl[sub 4] and H[sub 2]O with an NH[sub 3] Catalyst (2000)

Silicon dioxide films were deposited at room temperature using a catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reaction. The film growth was accomplished using the reaction and catalyzed with ammonia . The catalyst lowered the required temperature for CVD from >900 K to 313–333 K. The ammonia also reduced the and pressures required for efficient CVD from several torr to >500 mTorr. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to optimize the reactant pressures, catalyst pressure, and reaction temperature. The ellipsometric investigations measured CVD rates that varied from 0.1 Å/min to >16 Å/min depending on temperature and reactant pressures. Rutherford backscattering measurements obtained nearly stoichiometric films with a Si/O ratio of 1:2.1. Atomic force microscopy images displayed a smooth surface topography with a roughness similar to CVD films grown at high temperatures. Catalysis by the Lewis base may be general and may facilitate the low temperature CVD of other materials. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Envelope Tracking GaAs HBT PA performance characterization under high load mismatch conditions (2012)

Handset RF power amplifiers modules (PAM) are often operated into mismatched antenna loads due to reflections from nearby objects. We present experimental results comparing the performance of a GaAs HBT PAM operating in fixed supply and Envelope Tracking (ET) modes under high load mismatch conditions. For a load mismatch voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 3:1 at the PAM output plane, the maximum adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) compliant output power was >;2dB greater in ET mode than in fixed supply mode for a given DC input power, across all load phase angles. Furthermore, the PAM error vector magnitude (EVM) was found to be substantially independent of load mismatch and output power when operated in ET mode. The measured EVM in ET mode was less than 1.8% across all load phase angles for 3:1 VSWR over an output RF power range of 15 to 28dBm.
Electron-Hole Pair Creation at Ag and Cu Surfaces by Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen and Deuterium (1999)

Hot electrons and holes created at Ag and Cu surfaces by adsorption of thermal hydrogen and deuterium atoms have been measured directly with ultrathin metal film Schottky diode detectors on Si(111). When the metal surface is exposed to these atoms, charge carriers are excited at the surface, travel ballistically toward the interface, and have been detected as a chemicurrent in the diode. The current decreases with increasing exposure and eventually reaches a constant value at the steady-state coverage. This is the first direct evidence of nonadiabatic energy dissipation during adsorption at transition metal surfaces.
Shp2/MAPK signaling controls goblet/paneth cell fate decisions in the intestine (2014)

In the development of the mammalian intestine, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signals control stem cell maintenance and their differentiation into absorptive and secretory cells. Mechanisms that regulate differentiation of progenitors into the three secretory lineages, goblet, paneth, or enteroendocrine cells, are not fully understood. Using conditional mutagenesis in mice, we observed that Shp2-mediated MAPK signaling determines the choice between paneth and goblet cell fates and also affects stem cells, which express the leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 5 (Lgr5). Ablation of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in the intestinal epithelium reduced MAPK signaling and led to a reduction of goblet cells while promoting paneth cell development. Conversely, conditional mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (Mek1) activation rescued the Shp2 phenotype, promoted goblet cell and inhibited paneth cell generation. The Shp2 mutation also expanded Lgr5+ stem cell niches, which could be restricted by activated Mek1 signaling. Changes of Lgr5+ stem cell quantities were accompanied by alterations of paneth cells, indicating that Shp2/MAPK signaling might affect stem cell niches directly or via paneth cells. Remarkably, inhibition of MAPK signaling in intestinal organoids and cultured cells changed the relative abundance of Tcf4 isoforms and by this, promoted Wnt/β-catenin activity. The data thus show that Shp2-mediated MAPK signaling controls the choice between goblet and paneth cell fates by regulating Wnt/β-catenin activity.
Polyamine analogue induction of the p53-p21WAF1/CIP1-Rb pathway and G1 arrest in human melanoma cells. (1999)

Although polyamines are well recognized for their critical involvement in cell growth, the cell cycle specificity of this requirement has not yet been characterized with respect to the newly delineated regulatory pathways. We recently reported that polyamine analogues having close structural and functional similarities to the natural polyamines produce a distinct G1 and G2-M cell cycle arrest in MALME-3M human melanoma cells. To determine a molecular basis for this observation, we examined the effects of N1,N11-diethylnorspermine on cell cycle regulatory proteins associated with G1 arrest. The analogue is known to deplete polyamine pools by suppressing biosynthetic enzymes and potently inducing the polyamine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. Treatment of MALME-3M cells with 10 microM N1,N11-diethylnorspermine caused an increase in hypophosphorylated Rb, which correlated temporally with the onset of G1 arrest at 16-24 h. Rb hypophosphorylation was preceded by an increase in wild-type p53 (approximately 100-fold at maximum) and a concomitant increase in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21; approximately 5-fold at maximum). Another cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27KIP1, and cyclin D increased slightly, whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p130 remained unchanged. Induction of p21 protein was accompanied by an increase in p21 mRNA, whereas induction of p53 protein was not, suggesting transcriptional activation of the former and posttranscriptional regulation of the latter. SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells, which contain a mutated p53, failed to induce p53 or p21 and did not arrest in G1. Rather, these cells rapidly underwent programmed cell death within 48 h. Overall, these findings provide the first indication of the cell cycle regulatory pathways by which polyamine antagonists such as analogues might inhibit growth in cells containing wild-type p53 and further suggest a mechanistic basis for differential cellular responses to these agents.
ES&T’s Best Papers of 2009 (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTES&T's Best Papers of 2009Jerald L. SchnoorCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 7, 2219Publication Date (Web):March 10, 2010Publication History Published online10 March 2010Published inissue 1 April 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es100678thttps://doi.org/10.1021/es100678teditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3532Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (45 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Desalination,Environmental science,Redox reactions,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
Nucleotide Sequence of fruA, the Gene Specifying Enzyme IIfru of the Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent Sugar Phosphotransferase System in Escherichia coli K12 (1988)

The Enzyme IIfru of the phosphoenolpyruvate- (PEP-) dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), which catalyses the uptake of fructose and its concomitant phosphorylation to fructose 1-phosphate by Escherichia coli, is specified by a gene designated fruA. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.5 kb PvuII restriction fragment spanning fruA+, cloned on a plasmid, was determined. This fragment contained three open reading frames (ORFs) but only one complete ORF, 1689 base pairs long, which was preceded by a well-defined Shine-Dalgarno sequence and ended with a rho-independent transcription terminator. The amino acid sequence deduced from this DNA corresponds to that of a protein of 563 amino acids (57.5 kDa), which has the hydropathic profile expected of an integral membrane protein (average hydropathy = 0.40) and which is characterized by a number of well-marked hydrophobic loops that may correspond to membrane-spanning regions. There is relatively little overall homology between this protein and those of other Enzymes II of the PTS but there is considerable correspondence between the region surrounding one of the six histidine residues (His381) of Enzyme IIfru and those surrounding the particular histidines of other Enzymes II, and of HPr, known to be involved in phosphorylation. A plasmid carrying the complete fruA+ nucleotide sequence, but not that of any other functional protein, fully restored the ability of fruA mutants to grow on fructose and of extracts of fruA mutants to phosphorylate fructose, which confirms that the nucleotide sequence determined species Enzyme IIfru.
Design and fabrication of a low-cost, multispectral imaging system (2008)

This paper reports the design and construction of a low-cost, multispectral imaging system using a single, large format CCD and an array of 18 individual lenses coupled to individual spectral filters. The system allows the simultaneous acquisition of 18 subimages, each with potentially different optical information. The subimages are combined to create a composite image, highlighting the desired spectral information. Because all the subimages are acquired simultaneously, the composite image shows no motion artifact. Although the present configuration uses 17 narrow bandpass optical filters to obtain multispectral information from a scene, the system is designed to be a general purpose, multiaperture platform, easily reconfigured for other multiaperture imaging modes.
A stochastic model for primary HIV infection: optimal timing of therapy (1999)

The simulations suggest that from the perspective of viral diversity, therapy should be started at the viral set-point. Starting treatment earlier involves a risk of the selective outgrowth of drug-resistant mutants, which are transiently present at the viral peak during primary infection.
629. VEGF Promoter-Based Conditionally Replicative Adenoviruses Are Useful for the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2004)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma, MPM is an asbestos-related malignancy characterized by rapidly progressive and diffusely local growth, late metastases, and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy, alone or in combination, is not effective, and the majority of patients with MPM die within 2 years regardless of treatment. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The tumor formation of malingnant mesothelioma depends on angiogenesis in which the VEGF produced by cancer cells plays a pivotal role. In our previous work, we developed a conditionally replication-competent adenovirus (CRAd) in which the expression of E1 is controlled by the human VEGF promoter, AdVEGFE1. This virus achieved good levels of viral replication in lung cancer cells and induced a substantial anti-cancer effect in vitro and in vivo. Since many MPM tumors are known to produce VEGF, VEGF promoter based CRAd has a potential to suppress a VEGF expressing MPM tumor growth. Six MPM cell lines tested showed the significant VEGF mRNA and protein expression. The cancer cell killing effect by AdVEGFE1 was roughly correlated with the extent of VEGF mRNA expression and the results of luciferase assay using AdVEGFLuci. We also investigated the in vivo anticancer effect of AdVEGFE1 to MPM tumor established in the pleural space of the nude mice. In this experiment, only two MPM cell lines were selected by the tumor forming ability after the screening of all six MPM cell lines. When these intact MPM cells were pre-mixed with infected cells by AdVEGFE1 at the ratio of 10%, tumor formation was suppressed significantly. A direct injection of AdVEGFE1 to pleural space of tumor-bearing nude mice at day 15 improved the survival time, and furthermore, repeat injections at day 15, 22, and 29 showed better results. These results suggest the VEGF promoter based CRAd is the promising strategy for the MPM tumors. We are now investigating the viral replication in MPM in vivo.
New Centromere Autoantigens Identified in Systemic Sclerosis Using Centromere Protein Microarrays (2013)

CENP-P and CENP-Q were identified as novel ACA autoantigens by CENP microarray assays followed by validation of ELISA and Western blotting. Both of them have prognostic utility for interstitial lung disease. CENP-P was associated with renal disease in an ACA-negative cohort.
The active site of blood coagulation factor Xa. Its distance from the phospholipid surface and its conformational sensitivity to components of the prothrombinase complex. (1987)

The location of the active site of membrane-bound factor Xa relative to the phospholipid surface was determined both in the presence and absence of factor Va using fluorescence energy transfer. Factor Xa was reacted with 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl- glutamylglycylarginyl(DEGR) chloromethyl ketone to yield DEGR-Xa, an analogue of factor Xa with a fluorescent dye attached covalently to the active site. When DEGR-Xa was titrated with phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine vesicles containing octadecylrhodamine, fluorescence energy transfer was observed between the donor dyes in the active sites of the membrane-bound enzymes and the acceptor dyes at the outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer. Based on the dependence of the efficiency of singlet-singlet energy transfer upon the acceptor density and assuming kappa 2 = 2/3, the distance of closest approach between the active site probe and the surface of the phospholipid bilayer averaged 61 A in the absence of factor Va and 69 A in the presence of factor Va. These direct measurements show that the active site of factor Xa is located far above the membrane surface. Also, association of factor Xa with factor Va on the membrane surface to form the prothrombinase complex results in a substantial movement of the active site of the enzyme relative to the membrane surface. The 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl emission in the complete prothrombinase complex was distinct from that in any other combination of components. It therefore appears that the optimum conformation of the prothrombinase active site is achieved only when factor Va, Ca2+, and a membrane surface interact simultaneously with factor Xa. Thus, in addition to its previously demonstrated ability to stimulate factor Xa binding to membranes, factor Va, upon association with factor Xa on a phospholipid surface, allosterically induces a particular active site conformation in factor Xa and also positions the active site at the correct distance above the membrane for prothrombin activation.
Crowds (1998)

In this paper we introduce a system called Crowds for protecting users' anonymity on the world-wide-web. Crowds, named for the notion of “blending into a crowd,” operates by grouping users into a large and geographically diverse group (crowd) that collectively issues requests on behalf of its members. Web servers are unable to learn the true source of a request because it is equally likely to have originated from any member of the crowd, and even collaborating crowd members cannot distinguish the originator of a request from a member who is merely forwarding the request on behalf of another. We describe the design, implementation, security, performance, and scalability of our system. Our security analysis introduces degrees of anonymity as an important tool for describing and proving anonymity properties.
Defining the actions of transforming growth factor beta in reproduction (2002)

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family are pleiotropic cytokines with key roles in tissue morphogenesis and growth. TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 are abundant in mammalian reproductive tissues, where development and cyclic remodelling continue in post-natal and adult life. Potential roles for TGFbeta have been identified in gonad and secondary sex organ development, spermatogenesis and ovarian function, immunoregulation of pregnancy, embryo implantation and placental development. However, better tools must now be employed to map more precisely essential functions and the regulatory networks governing their activity. Gene ablation and transgenic models are expected to provide novel insights into distinct physiological activities for each TGFbeta isoform in normal reproductive function and reproductive pathologies. It is also necessary to consider the mechanisms controlling TGFbeta activation from latent precursor forms, and receptor and binding protein expression. Smad intracellular signalling circuitry and modulation by environmental stimuli through cross-talk with other signal transduction pathways will further constrain TGFbeta action. This review examines existing evidence for TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 regulation of male and female reproductive biology, and highlights prospects for future research.
Neural Stimulation with a Carbon Nanotube Microelectrode Array (2006)

We present a novel prototype neural interface using vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) pillars as microelectrodes. Functionalized hydrophilic CNT microelectrodes offer a high charge injection limit (1-1.6 mC/cm2) without faradic reactions. The first repeated in vitro stimulation of hippocampal neurons with CNT electrodes is demonstrated. These results suggest that CNTs are capable of providing far safer and more efficacious solutions for neural prostheses than previous metal electrode approaches.
A multiresolution framework to MEG/EEG source imaging (2001)

A new method based on a multiresolution approach for solving the ill-posed problem of brain electrical activity reconstruction from electroencephaloram (EEG)/magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals is proposed in a distributed source model. At each step of the algorithm, a regularized solution to the inverse problem is used to constrain the source space on the cortical surface to be scanned at higher spatial resolution. We present the iterative procedure together with an extension of the ST-maximum a posteriori method [1] that integrates spatial and temporal a priori information in an estimator of the brain electrical activity. Results from EEG in a phantom head experiment with a real human skull and from real MEG data on a healthy human subject are presented. The performances of the multiresolution method combined with a nonquadratic estimator are compared with commonly used dipolar methods, and to minimum-norm method with and without multiresolution. In all cases, the proposed approach proved to be more efficient both in terms of computational load and result quality, for the identification of sparse focal patterns of cortical current density, than the fixed scale imaging approach.