gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia: The Antibody Is Not Heparin Specific (1992)

In this study the hypothesis was assessed whether heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) may be caused by an antibody dependent on polysulfated oligosaccharide epitopes, present not only on heparin but also on different polysulfated substances such as dextran sulfate and pentosan polysulfate. We found that the major factor for eliciting platelet activation with sera of HAT type II patients is neither the structure nor the AT III binding capacity of an oligosaccharide, but rather its grade of sulfation. This was shown by in vitro crossreactivity studies with 40 sera of HAT type II patients using unfractionated heparins, LMW heparins (Fragmin, Fraxiparin), enoxaparin, LMW heparinoid (Org 10172 and its subfractions), de-N-sulfated heparin, dermatan sulfate, dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate and dextran. Platelet activation was measured by the heparin induced platelet activation (HIPA) assay and the serotonin release assay (SRA). The platelet activating factor was isolated with the IgG fraction, but did not bind to heparin and dextran sulfate fixed to a solid phase. By isoimmune fixation electrophoresis a monoclonal gammopathy was ruled out in the three sera assessed. The in vivo effect of different LMW heparins and the heparinoid Org 10172 was observed in 10 patients with HAT type II. In a prospective study, a compatible heparin-like anticoagulant was selected for 10 HAT patients for whom further parenteral anticoagulation was required. The only substance that showed no crossreactivity in vitro was the LMW heparinoid Org 10172, which differs from heparin and LMW heparins by its low-grade sulfation. Upon treatment with the heparinoid, all 10 patients had a good clinical outcome, even if they had previously developed thromboembolic complications under LMW heparin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facile Synthesis of Pd–Pt Alloy Nanocages and Their Enhanced Performance for Preferential Oxidation of CO in Excess Hydrogen (2011)

This article describes a new method for the facile synthesis of Pd-Pt alloy nanocages with hollow interiors and porous walls by using Pd nanocubes as sacrificial templates. Differing from our previous work (Zhang, H.; Jin, M. S.; Wang, J. G.; Li, W. Y.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Kim, M. J.; Yang, D. R.; Xie, Z. X.; Xia, Y. Synthesis of Pd-Pt Bimetallic Nanocrystals with a Concave Structure through a Bromide-Induced Galvanic Replacement Reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 6078-6079), we complemented the galvanic replacement (between Pd nanocubes and PtCl(4)(2-)) with a coreduction process (for PdCl(4)(2-) from the galvanic reaction and PtCl(4)(2-) from the feeding) to generate Pd-Pt alloy nanocages in one step. We found that the rate of galvanic replacement (as determined by the concentrations of Br(-) and PtCl(4)(2-) and temperature) and the rates of coreduction (as determined by the type of reductant and temperature) played important roles in controlling the morphology of resultant Pd-Pt alloy nanocages. The Pd-Pt nanocages exhibited both enhanced activity and selectivity for the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in excess hydrogen than those of Pd nanocubes and the commercial Pt/C thanks to the alloy composition and hollow structure. In addition, as the sizes of the Pd-Pt nanocages decreased, they exhibited higher CO conversion rates and lower maximum conversion temperatures due to the increase in specific surface area.
WITH APOLOGIES TO SCHEHERAZADE: TAILS OF 1001 KINESIN MOTORS (1993)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Relaxin Antagonizes Hypertrophy and Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes (2007)

The pregnancy hormone relaxin has recently been shown to be cardio-protective. Despite its well-established antifibrotic actions in the heart, the effects of relaxin on cardiomyocytes (CM) remain to be determined. We investigated effects of isoform 2 of the human relaxin (H2-relaxin) on CM hypertrophy and apoptosis. In cultured neonatal rat CM, phenylephrine (50 microM) and cardiac fibroblast-conditioned medium were used respectively to induce CM hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy was indicated by increased cell size, protein synthesis and gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide. Although H2-relaxin (16.7 nM) alone failed to suppress hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine, it repressed the cardiac fibroblast-conditioned medium-induced increase in protein synthesis by 24% (P<0.05) and reversed the increase in cell size (P<0.001) and atrial natriuretic peptide expression (P<0.01). We further studied the effect of H2-relaxin on CM apoptosis induced by H2O2 (200 microM). Studies of DNA laddering and nuclear staining demonstrated that H2-relaxin treatment reduced H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the Bcl2/Bax ratio in H2-relaxin-treated CM. Further analysis showed that activation of Akt (1.8-fold, P<0.001) and ERK (2.0-fold, P<0.01) were involved in the antiapoptotic action of H2-relaxin in CM, and that Gi/o coupling of relaxin receptors was associated with the H2-relaxin-induced Akt activation in CM. In conclusion, these results extend our current knowledge of the cardiac actions of relaxin by demonstrating that H2-relaxin indirectly inhibits CM hypertrophy and directly protects CM from apoptosis.
STAT proteins: From normal control of cellular events to tumorigenesis (2003)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a family of transcription factors latent in the cytoplasm that participate in normal cellular events, such as differentiation, proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis, and angiogenesis following cytokine, growth factor, and hormone signaling. STATs are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation, which is normally a transient and tightly regulates process. Nevertheless, several constitutively activated STATs have been observed in a wide number of human cancer cell lines and primary tumors, including blood malignancies and solid neoplasias. STATs can be divided into two groups according to their specific functions. One is made up of STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6, which are activated by a small number of cytokines and play a distinct role in the development of T-cells and in IFNgamma signaling. The other group includes STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, activated in different tissues by means of a series of ligands and involved in IFN signaling, development of the mammary gland, response to GH, and embriogenesis. This latter group of STATS plays an important role in controlling cell-cycle progression and apoptosis and thus contributes to oncogenesis. Although an increased expression of STAT1 has been observed in many human neoplasias, this molecule can be considered a potential tumor suppressor, since it plays an important role in growth arrest and in promoting apoptosis. On the other hand, STAT3 and 5 are considered as oncogenes, since they bring about the activation of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and bcl-xl expression, and are involved in promoting cell-cycle progression, cellular transformation, and in preventing apoptosis.
Incorporation of adenosine into ATP: formation of compartmentalized ATP. (1976)

The incorporation of [3H]adenosine, [3H]adenine, and [3H]hypoxanthine into adenine nucleotides of nude (athymic) mouse liver and human hepatoma grown subcutaneously in nude mice was studied. 3H and 32P radioactive labeling in vivo of acid-soluble nucleotides followed by chromatographic procedures indicated that, in contrast to [3H]adenine and [3H]hypoxanthine, [3H]adenosine is preferentially incorporated into ATP in comparison with its incorporation into AMP and ADP. This phenomenon, as well as complementing the recently reported 3-fold increase in total cellular ATP upon treatmen- with 0.5-1.0 mM concentrations of adenosine, indicates the formation from adenosine of compartmentalized ATP that is not produced from either adenine or hypoxanthine. The observed effect is of larger magnitude in the growth-arrested normal liver than in the actively growing tumor.
Safety and Cost Effectiveness of a 10 × 109/L Trigger for Prophylactic Platelet Transfusions Compared With the Traditional 20 × 109/L Trigger: A Prospective Comparative Trial in 105 Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1998)

In 105 consecutive patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (French-American-British M3 excluded), we compared prospectively the risk of bleeding complications, the number of platelet and red blood cell transfusions administered, and the costs of transfusions using two different prophylactic platelet transfusion protocols. Two hundred sixteen cycles of induction or consolidation chemotherapy and 3,843 days of thrombocytopenia less than 25 x 10(9)/L were evaluated. At the start of the study, each of the 17 participating centers decided whether they would use a 10 x 10(9)/L prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger (group A/8 centers) or a 20 x 10(9)/L trigger (group B/9 centers). Bleeding complications (World Health Organization grade 2-4) during treatment cycles were comparable in the two groups: 20 of 110 (18%) in group A and 18 of 106 (17%) in group B (P = .8). Serious bleeding events (grade 3-4) were generally not related to the patient's platelet count but were the consequence of local lesions and plasma coagulation factor deficiencies due to sepsis. Eighty-six percent of the serious bleeding episodes occurred during induction chemotherapy. No patient died of a bleeding complication. There were no significant differences in the number of red blood cell transfusions administered between the two groups, but there were significant differences in the number of platelet transfusions administered per treatment cycle: pooled random donor platelet concentrates averaged 15.4 versus 25.4 (P < .01) and apheresis platelets averaged 3.0 versus 4.8 (P < .05) for group A versus group B, respectively. This resulted in the cost of platelet therapy being one third lower in group A compared with group B without any associated increase in bleeding risk.
α-Sulfur Crystals as a Visible-Light-Active Photocatalyst (2012)

We show that in contrast to conventional compound photocatalysts, α-sulfur crystals of cyclooctasulfur (S(8)) are a visible-light-active elemental photocatalyst. The α-S crystals were found to have the ability not only to generate ·OH radicals but also to split water in a photoelectrochemical process under both UV-vis and visible-light irradiation. Although the absolute activity obtained was low because of the large particle size and poor hydrophilicity of the α-S crystals studied, there is great potential for increasing the activity with the assistance of known strategies such as surface modification, nanoscaling, doping, and coupling with other photocatalysts.
Detection and widespread distribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the vascular system and its possible implications. (1996)

This study is the first in the UK in which C pneumoniae organisms have been found in atherosclerotic vessels and the tendency for the organisms to be present most often in such vessels exhibiting chronic inflammatory changes suggests that a search for them in various forms of arteritis may also be rewarding.
cAMP-Dependent Plasticity at Excitatory Cholinergic Synapses inDrosophilaNeurons: Alterations in the Memory MutantDunce (2000)

It is well known that cAMP signaling plays a role in regulating functional plasticity at central glutamatergic synapses. However, in the Drosophila CNS, where acetylcholine is thought to be a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, cellular changes in neuronal communication mediated by cAMP remain unexplored. In this study we examined the effects of elevated cAMP levels on fast excitatory cholinergic synaptic transmission in cultured embryonic Drosophila neurons. We report that chronic elevation in neuronal cAMP (in dunce neurons or wild-type neurons grown in db-cAMP) results in an increase in the frequency of cholinergic miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs). The absence of alterations in mEPSC amplitude or kinetics suggests that the locus of action is presynaptic. Furthermore, a brief exposure to db-cAMP induces two distinct changes in transmission at established cholinergic synapses in wild-type neurons: a short-term increase in the frequency of spontaneous action potential-dependent synaptic currents and a long-lasting, protein synthesis-dependent increase in the mEPSC frequency. A more persistent increase in cholinergic mEPSC frequency induced by repetitive, spaced db-cAMP exposure in wild-type neurons is absent in neurons from the memory mutant dunce. These data demonstrate that interneuronal excitatory cholinergic synapses in Drosophila, like central excitatory glutamatergic synapses in other species, are sites of cAMP-dependent plasticity. In addition, the alterations in dunce neurons suggest that cAMP-dependent plasticity at cholinergic synapses could mediate changes in neuronal communication that contribute to memory formation.
The EMBL data library (1993)

Journal Article The EMBL data library Get access Catherine M. Rice, Catherine M. Rice European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 1, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Postal address: Data Submissions, EMBL Data Library, Postfech 10.2209, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Telephone: +49-6221-387258 Telefax +49-6221-387519 or 387306 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rainer Fuchs, Rainer Fuchs European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 1, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Desmond G. Higgins, Desmond G. Higgins European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 1, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J. Stoehr, Peter J. Stoehr European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 1, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Graham N. Cameron Graham N. Cameron European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 1, W-6900 Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 13, 1 July 1993, Pages 2967–2971, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.13.2967 Published: 01 July 1993
A novel HBV DNA vaccine based on T cell epitopes and its potential therapeutic effect in HBV transgenic mice (2005)

DNA vaccination represents a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recently, some HBV DNA vaccines have been used in the preliminary clinical trials and exhibited exciting results in chronic HBV carriers. But these vaccines only encoded the single viral antigen, the S or the PreS2/S antigen. In this study, we designed a polytope DNA vaccine encoding multiple T cell epitopes. We found that it induced stronger CTL responses than the vaccine encoding the single antigen in H-2d and H-2b mice, although the CTL response to Ld-restricted epitope suppressed the CTLs to other epitopes in H-2d-restricted mice. Interestingly, heat shock protein 70 as an adjuvant not only enhanced CTL response to the viral antigen but also overcame this epitope suppression. Furthermore, the polytope DNA vaccine resulted in a long-term down-regulation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and inhibition of HBV DNA replication in a HBV transgenic mouse model. Therefore, our research indicates that it is practicable and feasible to design a polytope DNA vaccine for chronic hepatitis B immunotherapy.
Idiopathic Multifocal Choroiditis (2012)

Essex, Rohan W. MBBS, FRANZCO; Wong, James MBBS, FRANZCO; Jampol, Lee M. MD; Dowler, Jonathan MD, FRCOphth; Bird, Alan C. MD, FRCOphth Author Information
Platelet‐derived growth factor is a chemoattractant for vascular smooth muscle cells (1982)

In previous experiments (Grotendorst et al, 1981), we showed that platelet-derived growth factor promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Using a "checkerboard" analysis, we now establish that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) acts as a true chemoattractant for cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Other growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and insulin are not chemoattractants. The chemotactic response occurs before the initiation of DNA synthesis and is not affected by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Chemotaxis occurs at levels of PDGF lower than required for mitogenesis. RNA and protein synthesis are required for the chemotactic response. As found previously in bacteria and leucocytes, we find that methylation reactions are required for the chemotactic response. The possibility is discussed that PDGF acts in vivo at sites of vascular injury to attract smooth muscle cells from the medial layer to the luminal surface, and is involved in the early stages of the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.
Selective-area low-pressure MOCVD of GaInAsP and related materials on planar InP substrates (1993)

Low-pressure MOCVD has been used to grow layers of InP, InGaAs, GaInAsP and quantum well material on planar substrates patterned with silica masks. The thicknesses and, where relevant, the compositions of these selectively grown layers were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, surface profiling, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and spatially resolved photoluminescence. The epitaxial layers were found to be both thicker and richer in indium in the vicinity of a mask. The perturbations in the thickness and composition of material grown around a given mask pattern were independent of the orientation of the pattern with respect to the gas flow and the crystallographic axes of the substrate. Lateral movement of material from the masked regions to the surrounding areas was found to take place in the gas above the water surface. A gas-phase diffusion model based on Laplace's equation was used to analyze the thickness and compositional variations caused by selective growth. The emission wavelength of selectively grown InGaAs/GaInAsP MQW material was shifted by over 100 nm without degradation in emission efficiency. The lasing wavelength of Fabry-Perot lasers fabricated on such material was increased by a similar amount without degradation of threshold current.
[Factor VIII concentrate, highly purified and heated in solution (author's transl)]. (1981)

A process is described to produce a highly purified factor VIII concentrate heated in solution. Pooled cryoprecipitate from citrated plasma is adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide gel. The fibrinogen is removed by heat denaturation in the presence of glycine; factor VIII is precipitated with sodium chloride from the supernatant. The precipitate is dissolved in a saccharose/glycine solution and heated at 60 degrees C for 10 h. The factor VIII is then separated by further precipitation with sodium chloride, the precipitate dissolved, dialysed and sterilized by filtration. The factor VIII concentrate contains approximately 6 units F VIII:C per mg protein. the ratio of F VIII R:Ag/F VIII:C is 3. The product is free from coagulable protein and gamma-globulins. The efficacy of the heating step in the reduction of the hepatitis B-infectious titre was proved in chimpanzees. For this purpose, hepatitis B virus was added to the pooled cryoprecipitate.
Intermolecular interactions from a natural bond orbital, donor-acceptor viewpoint (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermolecular interactions from a natural bond orbital, donor-acceptor viewpointAlan E. Reed, Larry A. Curtiss, and Frank WeinholdCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 6, 899–926Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00088a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00088a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19552Altmetric-Citations15820LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A growth-responsive gene (16C8) in normal mouse fibroblasts homologous to a human collagenase inhibitor with erythroid-potentiating activity: evidence for inducible and constitutive transcripts (1986)

We present the DNA sequence of an essentially full-length cDNA clone of 16C8, a growth factor-inducible gene isolated from a mouse embryo fibroblast cDNA library. The 0.9-kb mRNA encodes an Mr 22,500 protein that has substantial homology to a human protein with the reported abilities to potentiate erythroid differentiation and to inhibit collagenases and other tissue metalloproteinases. The N-terminus of the predicted protein has a hydrophobic nature characteristic of secreted proteins, and two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation are present. The cytoplasmic concentration of 16C8 mRNA is maximal in mid G1 at about 6 h after serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. Northern blot analysis showed a progressive reduction in the size of the induced 16C8 transcripts with increasing time after serum stimulation. This was shown to be due to the reduction in length of the poly(A) tails. S1 analysis of the 5' portion of the mRNA revealed the presence of three different species of transcript, only one of which was inducible.
Heteroepitaxy, polymorphism, and faulting in GaN thin films on silicon and sapphire substrates (1993)

The structure of GaN films grown by electron-cyclotron-resonance-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111), Si(001), basal-plane sapphire, a-plane sapphire, and r-plane sapphire substrates was studied with four-circle x-ray diffractometry. Phase content, domain size, inhomogeneous strain, and in-plane and out-of-plane domain misorientations were measured and compared for films grown on each type of substrate. Wurtzite and zinc blende polymorphs were found to coexist in films grown on Si(111). The two structures grow in the (0002) and (111) orientations, respectively, so that they may transform into each other via stacking faults on close-packed planes. Smaller amounts of zinc blende material were also found in predominately (0002) wurtzitic films on a-plane sapphire and (112̄0) wurtzitic films on r-plane sapphire.