gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal in the Retinoblastoma Gene Product and Its Importance for Biological Activity (1993)

The retinoblastoma gene product, p110RB1, appears to regulate cell growth by modulating the activities of nuclear transcription factors. The elements that specify the transport of p110RB1 into the nucleus have not yet been explored. We now report the identification of a basic region, KRSAEGGNPPKPLKKLR, in the C terminus of p110RB1, which has sequence similarity to known bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs). A two-amino-acid mutation introduced into this putative NLS [to give mutant NLS(NQ)] or deletion of the entire NLS (delta NLS) abrogated exclusive nuclear localization, yielding proteins which were distributed either equally throughout the cell or predominantly in the cytoplasm. A mutant protein [NLS(NQ)/delta 22] containing both the mutated NLS and a deletion of exon 22, previously shown to disrupt the interaction of p110RB1 with several cellular transcription factors and oncoproteins, accumulated only in the cytoplasm. When fused to the C terminus of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, the RB1 NLS directed this protein to the nucleus, indicating that the motif is not only necessary but also sufficient for nuclear transport. Neither NLS(NQ) nor delta NLS was hyperphosphorylated in vivo, but both retained their abilities to interact, in vitro, with simian virus 40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1a, and the cellular transcription factor E2F. When transfected at multiple copy number, the NLS mutant alleles displayed reduced biological activity, measured by inhibition of growth of the osteogenic sarcoma cell line Saos-2, which has no wild-type RB1. Naturally occurring mutations and deletions in exon 25 of RB1 which disrupt the NLS may lead to partial or complete inactivation of p110RB1 and may be responsible for some retinoblastoma and other tumors.
Copolymerization of Ethylene with ω-Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using a Cationic Palladium Complex (2001)

The copolymerization of ethylene with ω-unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters with chain length of C6, C7, C10, C11 and C14 I a–e using the cationic palladium catalyst {[(2,6-i-PrPh)2DABMe2]Pd[(CH2)3COOMe]}SbF6 (II) (DAB: diazabutadiene) was investigated. The effects of temperature, ethylene pressure and comonomer concentration were studied conducting the copolymerization of ethylene and 9-decenoic acid methyl ester as a standard reaction. Branched functionalized polyolefins were produced with molecular weights up to 85 000 g/mol (M̄w) as determined by GPC versus polystyrene calibration standards. Maximum incorporation of polar comonomer of 31 wt.-% were achieved and a maximum ester turnover number (TONester) of 223. Polymers exhibited viscoelastic properties with glass transition temperature of –65 to –55°C.
Reaction of Li with Grain-Boundary Atoms in Nanostructured Compounds (2000)

Intermetallic compounds react with Li to produce high capacity negative electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries. Because of the violent reactions occurring during the alloying process between lithium atoms and the active alloy, the cycle life of these materials is generally poor. In this paper we show that nanostructured , which has a low affinity for lithium, behaves differently from any intermetallic system reported to date. Using in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ Mössbauer spectroscopy, and electrochemical experiments on mechanically alloyed samples of nanostructured , we show that the grain boundaries apparently act as channels to allow Li to enter the particles. The lithium atoms then reversibly react with Sn atoms at and within the grain boundaries to deliver a working capacity of approximately 150 mAh/g with no capacity loss with cycle number. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Data types are values (1985)

An important goal of programming language research is to isolate the fundamenal concepts of languages, those basic ideas that allow us to understand the relationships among various language features. This paper examines one of these underlying notions, that of data type , with particular attention to the treatment of generic or polymorphic procedures and static type-checking.
Vagal-Evoked Activity in the Parafascicular Nucleus of the Primate Thalamus (2005)

The physiological effects of ascending vagal afferent activity in the primate forebrain have not been established, and because vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is useful clinically for treatment of epilepsy and depression, these actions need to be identified. We used a roving microelectrode to record vagal-evoked potentials in the thalamus of the macaque monkey. In addition to the anticipated activation in the gustatory/visceral thalamic relay nucleus, we found an unexpectedly larger and earlier response focus with multi-unit discharges in the adjacent parafascicular nucleus. These data reveal a potent vagal input to this intralaminar nucleus, which is normally considered to be involved in motor control. This finding indicates that a role for this vagal activation site in the anti-epileptic effects of VNS needs to be considered.
Direct and indirect polarimetry for detection in microbore liquid chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect and indirect polarimetry for detection in microbore liquid chromatographyDonald R. Bobbitt and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 9, 1577–1581Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00273a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00273a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation, characterization, and expression of the murine Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) during kidney development. (1991)

The human Wilms' tumor predisposition gene, WT1, is a Cys-His zinc finger polypeptide which appears to be a transcription factor controlling gene expression during embryonic kidney development. In order to analyze the role of the WT1 gene in nephroblast differentiation, we have isolated the murine homolog of human WT1. An extremely high level of amino acid sequence conservation (greater than 95%) extends throughout all regions of the predicted mouse and human WT1 polypeptides. Two alternative splices within the WT1 transcript have been conserved between mice and humans, suggesting that these have functional significance. Expression of the mouse WT1 mRNA in fetal kidney increases during late gestation, peaks just prior to or shortly after birth, and declines dramatically by 15 days postpartum. Developmental regulation of WT1 expression appears to be selective for the kidney. The restriction of WT1 expression to a limited number of tissues is in contrast to previously described tumor suppressor genes. In addition, the narrow window of time during which WT1 is expressed at high levels in the kidney is consistent with the origin of Wilms' tumor from primitive nephroblasts and the postulated role of this gene as a negative regulator of growth.
Effect of Compressed Carbon Dioxide on Microbial Cell Viability (1999)

In order to study the influence of compressed carbon dioxide, over a range of pressures (1.5 to 5.5 MPa) and exposure times (up to 7 h), on the survival of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Enterococcus faecalis, a new pressurizable reactor system was conceived. Microbial cells were inoculated onto a solid hydrophilic medium and treated at room temperature; their sensitivities to inactivation varied greatly. The CO2 treatment had an enhanced efficiency in cell destruction when the pressure and the duration of exposure were increased. The effects of these parameters on the loss of viability was also studied by response-surface methodology. This study showed that a linear correlation exists between microbial inactivation and CO2 pressure and exposure time, and in it models were proposed which were adequate to predict the experimental values. The end point acidity was measured for all the samples in order to understand the mechanism of microbial inactivation. The pHs of the treated samples did not vary, regardless of the experimental conditions. Other parameters, such as water content and pressure release time, were also investigated.
Advanced Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Processing (2006)

Advanced technologies in biopharmaceutical processing , Advanced technologies in biopharmaceutical processing , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
Calcium and the Control of Renin Secretion* (1987)

DURING the past few years, substantial advances have been made in our understanding of renin secretion. Chiefly responsible for the advances is the proposition by Peart (1) that Ca plays a central role in controlling renin secretion as it does in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. This has led to the view, based mainly on indirect evidence, that cytosolic Ca is an intracellular signal which regulates renin secretion through the baroreceptor, macula densa, and neurohormonal pathways. The specific proposal is that factors which physiologically stimulate renin secretion do so by lowering cytosolic Ca, and those which inhibit secretion do so by raising Ca (2). Thus, for example, hemodynamic factors such as renal perfusion pressure and intrarenal tissue pressure, which control renin secretion through the baroreceptor pathway, regulate Ca flux in the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells (2). Increased NaCl load at the macula densa increases adenosine production at the macula densa, and this adenosine acts on the JG cells to raise cytosolic Ca and inhibit renin secretion (3–7). The neurohormonal pathway, by β-adrenergic mechanism, stimulates renin secretion through a cAMP cascade which leads to a reduced cytosolic Ca (3), and, by aadrenergic mechanism, inhibits secretion by increasing Ca inflow and thereby cytosolic Ca (8). Several reviews have appeared which point to Ca as the common signal most likely responsible for controlling renin secretion (2, 3, 8–10). Park and co-workers (11) have recently demonstrated an inverse relationship between renin secretion and cytosolic Ca, thereby providing the first direct evidence to support the proposition of Peart (1).
In Vitro Assays for the Detection of Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activities (2003)

The ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to establish and maintain a latent infection, one of the defining characteristics of a herpesvirus infection, is a complex phenomenon. It requires viral control of the host-cell environment to maintain the latent viral genome indefinitely, even in the presence of cellular activating signals. The consistent detection of the latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) in EBV infection in vivo and the ability of LMP2A to downmodulate signals through the B-cell receptor (BCR) in vitro suggest a vital role of LMP2A in the maintenance of EBV latency. Studies of LMP2A have shown that specific sequences of the amino-terminal domain interact with multiple cellular proteins, downmodulate cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and downmodulate cellular protein tyrosine kinase activities (1–6). These LMP2A functional studies have involved in vitro assays to determine the phosphorylation patterns of both LMP2A and cellular signal transducers before and after BCR crosslinking. In addition, the kinase activities of protein tyrosine kinases potentially downmodulated by LMP2A have been investigated by in vitro auto kinase assays. The methodology for the detection of tyrosine phosphorylated cellular and viral proteins and the detection of the auto kinase activities of cellular protein tyrosine kinases by in vitro kinase assays are described in this chapter.
Microvessel count predicts metastatic disease and survival in non‐small cell lung cancer (1995)

The growth of newly formed vessels, or neoangiogenesis, represents an important step in both physiological and pathological situations: in particular, tumour growth and metastasis require angiogenesis. Microvessel count (MC), which represents a measure of tumour angiogenesis, has been associated with metastatic spread in cutaneous, mammary, prostatic, head and neck, and early-stage lung cancer. In this study, the role of tumour angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator was examined in 253 primary non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Microvessels were counted by highlighting endothelial cells with anti-Factor VIII monoclonal antibody (Mab) in methacarn-fixed tumour samples. In univariat analysis, MC (P< 0.000001), sex (P=0.0036), histotype (P < 0.014), tumour status (P <0.007), and vessel invasion (P < 0.019) were significantly related to hilar and/or mediastinal nodal involvement. However, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC (P<0.000003) retained the most important influence on nodal metastasis. The overall survival analysis calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method revealed that tumours with high MC ( > 25 vessels/field) were significantly associated with increased death risk (log-rank test P = 0.00067; Cox's test P = 0.00046; Gehan's Wilcoxon test P = 0.00108). In 94 patients, the development of metastatic disease during follow-up was significantly related to MC. Indeed, patients who developed metastasis during follow-up showed a higher MC, either as a dichotomous (P = 0.01) or as a continuous (P = 0.003) variable, than patients who had developed no metastasis at the time of the analysis. Moreover, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC retained the most important influence on distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Holographic patterning of polymer dispersed liquid crystal materials for diffractive optical elements (2006)

Liquid crystals are a soft condensed matter phase that share properties with both isotropic liquids and crystalline solids. Composite materials formed from both low molecular weight liquid crystals and polymers are of both fundamental and technological importance. One method for preparing dispersions of polymers and liquid crystals is polymerization-induced phase separation. Photo-polymerization induced phase separation utilizes a mixture of a liquid crystal and a photo curable polymer contained between two indium tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. Irradiation of the homogeneous pre-polymer mixture initiates polymerization, which in turn induces a phase separation between the polymer and liquid crystal. Holographically patterned polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLCs) are a recent descendent of the conventional PDLCs. Rather than a random dispersion of droplets, holographic exposure is used to selectively pattern the liquid crystal phase in well-defined planes creating diffractive optical elements. H-PDLCs can operate in the transmission or reflection diffractive modes, depending on the experimental geometry, and can be switched on and off with voltages just as conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). The realization of a switchable H-PDLC Bragg and Raman-Nath transmission and Bragg reflection gratings written with the 632.8 nm wavelength of He-Ne laser are developed and investigated. The observation of well-defined periodic grating structures, which are characterized with grating periods of 210 nm - 10.5 micron, are discussed in detail. Polymer functionality effects on formation kinetics along with morphology development are examined along with effects of externally applied electric fields on the diffraction efficiency and switching times. Theoretical models for these data are discussed and compared. Future research in this area along with initial experimental results in a new operational mode, the so called &amp;quot;Reverse Mode&amp;quot;, are also examined and discussed.
XPS studies of sodium compound formation and surface segregation in CIGS thin films [solar cells] (2002)

The authors report X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of device-quality CIGS thin films grown on soda-lime glass substrates. The copper atomic concentration profiles within the near-surface region indicate copper depletion, a previously reported observation attributed to the formation of the ternary defect compound Cu(In,Ga)/sub 3/Se/sub 5/. Preferential surface segregation of sodium is also observed. Analyses of their data indicate that the group [I]/[III] atomic concentration ratio {[Cu]+[Na]}/{[In]+[Ga]} is constant to within the accuracy of the measurement. This result is strong evidence that the composition of CIGS films grown by multisource physical vapor deposition in the presence of sodium is thermochemically constrained to lie on the pseudobinary Na(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/-Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ tie-line in the ternary Na/sub 2/Se-Cu/sub 2/Se-(In,Ga)/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ composition diagram.
Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast carcinoma. Correlation with histopathology and dna flow cytometry (1990)

Human breast carcinomas (n = 232) were evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) by immunohistochemical study and by cytosol steroid-binding assay (n = 185). The staining was scored (histoscore) by estimates of relative nuclear staining intensity and the percentage of positively stained carcinoma cells. Of the invasive ductal carcinomas 72% were ER-positive and 55% were PR-positive. The invasive lobular, intraductal, tubular, and mucinous carcinomas were the most frequent ER-positive tumor types, whereas comedo and medullary carcinomas only rarely contained ER. Progesterone receptor was most frequently present in intraductal, tubular, and mucinous carcinomas. Better differentiated tumors with lower histologic grade were significantly associated with high prevalence of immunohistochemically determined ER and PR (P less than 0.0001). Proliferative cell fraction, determined by DNA flow cytometric study (n = 63), was inversely related to ER (P = 0.03) and PR (P = 0.05) status. Aneuploidy was independent of ER or PR content.
Fast Translocation of Proteins through Solid State Nanopores (2013)

Measurements on protein translocation through solid-state nanopores reveal anomalous (non-Smoluchowski) transport behavior, as evidenced by extremely low detected event rates; that is, the capture rates are orders of magnitude smaller than what is theoretically expected. Systematic experimental measurements of the event rate dependence on the diffusion constant are performed by translocating proteins ranging in size from 6 to 660 kDa. The discrepancy is observed to be significantly larger for smaller proteins, which move faster and have a lower signal-to-noise ratio. This is further confirmed by measuring the event rate dependence on the pore size and concentration for a large 540 kDa protein and a small 37 kDa protein, where only the large protein follows the expected behavior. We dismiss various possible causes for this phenomenon and conclude that it is due to a combination of the limited temporal resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio. A one-dimensional first-passage time-distribution model supports this and suggests that the bulk of the proteins translocate on time scales faster than can be detected. We discuss the implications for protein characterization using solid-state nanopores and highlight several possible routes to address this problem.
INHIBITION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE DURING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK INCREASES HEPATIC INJURY (1995)

The function of nitric oxide (NO) in hemorrhagic shock is controversial. Increased NO synthesis has been temporally correlated with severe shock and has been associated with vascular hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictor agents in isolated vascular rings. Its role in local tissue perfusion, however, is unknown. We studied the role of NO in shock-induced hepatic injury in a rodent model of decompensated hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting its synthesis with Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). L-NAME infusion (5 micrograms/kg/min) increased the shock-induced hepatic injury and this effect was reversible with L-arginine. L-NAME had only transient effects on systemic mean arterial blood pressure, which quickly returned to pre-L-NAME levels. We conclude that NO synthesis serves a protective function in preventing shock-induced hepatic injury and we postulate that this effect may be due to modulation of the local hepatic circulation.
Measurement of complexed PSA in the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (2000)

We believe that differential diagnosis with complexed PSA between BPH and prostate cancer is of little use, due to low efficacy when PSA results are extreme.
A prospective study to identify the risk factors associated with acute reactions to platelet and red cell transfusions (1993)

It is generally assumed that febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are an immunologically mediated reaction involving the recipient's plasma and the white cells in the donor unit. This has led to the use of white cell reduction and pretransfusion medication, to try to minimize these reactions. To better understand febrile transfusion reactions, a prospective study was performed in which all patients receiving platelet and red cell transfusions in a tertiary-care medical center were interviewed before and after transfusion to obtain information about the typical presentation of the syndrome. It was found that transfusion reactions were much more frequently associated with platelet transfusion (30.8%) than with red cell transfusion (6.8%, p < 0.0005). The routine use of antipyretics prevented most episodes of fever but did not prevent the occurrence of other symptoms such as chills, cold, and discomfort. The application of logistic regression analysis revealed that the dominant factor determining the risk of a reaction was not white cell contamination, but the age of the component (p < 0.005). The significant relationship between reaction and the increasing age of the component suggests that cytokines released in the component during storage may be responsible for many reactions to blood components.