gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bead-based western for high-throughput cellular signal transduction analyses (2016)

Dissecting cellular signalling requires the analysis of large number of proteins. The DigiWest approach we describe here transfers the western blot to a bead-based microarray platform. By combining gel-based protein separation with immobilization on microspheres, hundreds of replicas of the initial blot are created, thus enabling the comprehensive analysis of limited material, such as cells collected by laser capture microdissection, and extending traditional western blotting to reach proteomic scales. The combination of molecular weight resolution, sensitivity and signal linearity on an automated platform enables the rapid quantification of hundreds of specific proteins and protein modifications in complex samples. This high-throughput western blot approach allowed us to identify and characterize alterations in cellular signal transduction that occur during the development of resistance to the kinase inhibitor Lapatinib, revealing major changes in the activation state of Ephrin-mediated signalling and a central role for p53-controlled processes.
Continuous Testing in Eclipse (2004)

Continuous testing uses excess cycles on a developer's workstation to continuously run regression tests in the background, providing rapid feedback about test failures as source code is edited. It is intended to reduce the time and energy required to keep code well-tested, and to prevent regression errors from persisting uncaught for long periods of time. This paper reports on the design and implementation of a continuous testing feature for Java de- velopment in the Eclipse development environment. Our challenge was to generate and display a new kind of feedback (asynchronous notification of test failures) in a way that effectively reuses Eclipse's extensible architecture and fits the expectations of Eclipse users without interfering with their current work habits. We present the design principles we pursued in solving this challenge: present and future reuse, consistent experience, minimal distraction, and testability. These prin- ciples, and how our plug-in and Eclipse succeeded and failed in accomplishing them, should be of interest to other Eclipse extenders looking to implement new kinds of developer feedback. The continuous testing plug-in is publicly available at http://pag.csail.mit.edu/~saff/continuoustesting.html.
The current state of flexible sigmoidoscopy training in family medicine residency programs. (2006)

More than half of programs offered FS training, but less than half of family medicine graduates were certified by their programs as competent. There were significant differences for FS training by region and program type.
Crystal Structure of 4‐Phenyl‐5‐(2,3,4‐trimetoxyphenyl)‐isoxazole (1997)

Abstract The X‐ray crystal structure of 4‐phenyl‐5‐(2,3,4‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐isoxole, C 18 H 17 NO 4 , (I) has been determined, revealing an interesting lack of coplanarity for the aromatic rings system. This preferred conformation implies reduction of the conjugation degree, as shown by the C(2)‐C(10) and C(3)‐C(4) bond‐length values. The arrangement of the three methoxy substituents is also examined.
Further Analysis of Illegal Migration and Immigration Policy under Risk Preference (2008)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of border enforcement and internal enforcement policies under capital immobility and free capital mobility. Different from the previous studies where host firm is assumed to be risk-neutral, we introduce a framework in which host firm is allowed to exhibit different attitudes to risk and examine how the enforcement policies influence illegal migration. We show that the attitude toward risk of the host firm is important in determining the nature of equilibrium and many results with an assumption of risk neutrality continue to hold if the host firm exhibits a risk-averse attitude. We also show that under international capital mobility, the impacts of two enforcement policies on factor prices are different according to the factor intensity ranking between countries.JEL Classification: F21, F22
A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication (1974)

A protocol that supports the sharing of resources that exist in different packet switching networks is presented. The protocol provides for variation in individual network packet sizes, transmission failures, sequencing, flow control, end-to-end error checking, and the creation and destruction of logical process-to-process connections. Some implementation issues are considered, and problems such as internetwork routing, accounting, and timeouts are exposed.
Recombinant adenovirus is an efficient and non-perturbing genetic vector for human dendritic cells (1999)

Recombinant adenoviral vectors have promise for human gene therapy because of efficient transgene expression in nondividing primary cell types. Dendritic cells (DC) have potential as adjuvants for immune therapy, since they are specialized to capture antigens to form MHC-peptide complexes, migrate to T cell areas in the lymph node, and activate T cells including CD4+ helpers and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We show that several current chemical and physical transfection methods allow < 2 % of DC to express reporter genes but that recombinant adenoviruses, encoding the reporter genes green fluorescent protein and LacZ, efficiently transfect monocyte-derived human DC. Immature DC, generated with IL-4 and GM-CSF, are transfected to 95% efficiency, while mature DC show reduced transfection (50%) and gene expression. Adenovirus-transfected, immature DC exhibit several critical functions. The DC can differentiate in the presence of lipopolysaccharide or a monocyte-conditioned medium to express the surface markers of mature, T cell stimulatory DC including CD25, CD83, and high levels of CD86 and HLA-DR. Transfected DC can also secrete high levels of IL-12 and are potent inducers of T cell growth. Transgene expression in DC is stable for at least 6 days in the presence of the DC survival factor, TRANCE. Therefore adenoviral infection does not perturb the maturation and function of DC. The efficiency of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer prompts the evaluation of this vector in studies of DC biology, including the expression of antigens for active immune therapy.
The expanding search for Majorana particles (2011)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Barbara Goss Levi; The expanding search for Majorana particles. Physics Today 1 March 2011; 64 (3): 20. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3563811 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
1.alpha.,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogs Featuring Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Rings: Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Biological Testing (1995)

Aromatic compounds 2a-c, analogs of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin (calcitriol, 1), and heteroaromatic compounds 4a-c and 5a-c, analogs of 19-nor-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (3), were designed to simulate the topology of their biologically potent parent compounds while avoiding previtamin D equilibrium. Convergent and facile total syntheses of the analogs (+)-2b, (+)-2c, (-)-4b, and (-)-5b were achieved via carbonyl addition of regiospecifically formed organolithium nucleophiles to the enantiomerically pure C,D-ring ketone (+)-17, characteristic of natural calcitriol (1). Likewise, hybrid analogs 20a-c were prepared to determine whether incorporation of a known potentiating side chain would lead to increased biological activity. Preliminary in vitro biological testing showed that aromatic analogs (+)-2b, (+)-2c, and 20a-c as well as heteroaromatic analogs (-)-4b and (-)-5b have very low affinities for the calf thymus vitamin D receptor but considerable antiproliferative activities in murine keratinocytes at micromolar concentration. No biological advantage was observed in this keratinocyte assay for the doubly modified hybrid analogs 20a-c over the singly modified parent (+)-2b. Analog (+)-2b, but surprisingly not the corresponding analog 20b differing from (+)-2b only in the side chain, showed considerable activity in nongenomic opening of calcium channels in rat osteosarcoma cells.
Flow of water between aqueous and vitreous compartments in the rabbit eye (1987)

When fluoresceinated dextran (FD) is injected into the vitreous body of the rabbit, it diffuses out of the eye through the anterior chamber so that the ratio of its concentration in the aqueous to that in the vitreous humor remains constant. The rate of loss of the substance from the eye suggests that the vitreous body is stagnant. After penetrating the vitreous body with a 25-gauge needle through the sclera, the FD fluorescence in the aqueous humor is reduced by a factor of three times on the average. This appears to be because the loss of fluid out of the scleral hole sets up a backward seepage of fluid through the anterior vitreous body, which opposes the diffusion of dextran into the anterior chamber. In contrast, making a needle hole has little effect on the level of sulforhodamine B, a more rapidly diffusing molecule, when it has been injected into the vitreous body, and none at all when it has been introduced into the cornea. The changes in the flow across the aqueous-vitreous interface, as well as the changes in aqueous outflow after an experimental intervention to the eye, may be estimated from a comparison of the changes in fluorescence in the anterior chamber of large and small molecular weight compounds injected into the vitreous body.
Regression of Aflatoxin B 1 -Induced Hepatocellular Carcinomas by Reduced Glutathione (1981)

Reduced glutathione administered to rats bearing aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors caused regression of tumor growth and resulted in survival of the animals. since glutathione is a harmless natural product, it merits further investigation as a potential antitumor drug for humans.
Mechanism of Enhanced Activity of Liposome-Entrapped Aminoglycosides against Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2006)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is inherently resistant to most conventional antibiotics. The mechanism of resistance of this bacterium is mainly associated with the low permeability of its outer membrane to these agents. We sought to assess the bactericidal efficacy of liposome-entrapped aminoglycosides against resistant clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and to define the mechanism of liposome-bacterium interactions. Aminoglycosides were incorporated into liposomes, and the bactericidal efficacies of both free and liposomal drugs were evaluated. To define the mechanism of liposome-bacterium interactions, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), flow cytometry, lipid mixing assay, and immunocytochemistry were employed. Encapsulation of aminoglycosides into liposomes significantly increased their antibacterial activity against the resistant strains used in this study (MICs of > or =32 versus < or =8 microg/ml). TEM observations showed that liposomes interact intimately with the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa, leading to the membrane deformation. The flow cytometry and lipid mixing assays confirmed liposome-bacterial membrane fusion, which increased as a function of incubation time. The maximum fusion rate was 54.3% +/- 1.5% for an antibiotic-sensitive strain of P. aeruginosa and 57.8% +/- 1.9% for a drug-resistant strain. The fusion between liposomes and P. aeruginosa significantly enhanced the antibiotics' penetration into the bacterial cells (3.2 +/- 2.3 versus 24.2 +/- 6.2 gold particles/bacterium, P < or = 0.001). Our data suggest that liposome-entrapped antibiotics could successfully resolve infections caused by antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa through an enhanced mechanism of drug entry into the bacterial cells.
Rapid quantification of DNA methylation by high performance capillary electrophoresis (2000)

The actual methods to evaluate total DNA methylation based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are long and tedious due to the specific running buffers required. In this work, a new open-tube capillary electrophoresis system has been applied to the separation of acid hydrolyzed genomic DNA and so, to the evaluation of genomic DNA methylation. Several running conditions were tested but separation of cytosine and 5-methyl-cytosine was only possible by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle system. The importance of sample dissolution preparation has also been demonstrated. The results of this study open up the possibility of quantification of the relative methylation degree of rapid genomic DNA by a simple method based on high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE).
IV. On the theory of lubrication and its application to Mr. Beauchamp tower’s experiments, including an experimental determination of the viscosity of olive oil (1886)

Abstract 1. Lubrication, or the action of oils and other viscous fluids to diminish friction and wear between solid surfaces, does not appear to have hitherto formed a subject for theoretical treatment. Such treatment may have been prevented by the obscurity of the physical actions involved, which belong to a class as yet but little known, namely, the boundary or surface actions of fluids; but the absence of such treatment has also been owing to the want of any general laws discovered by experiment. The subject is of such fundamental importance in practical mechanics, and the opportunities for observation are so frequent, that it may well be a matter of surprise that any general laws should have for so long escaped detection.
NCAM stimulates the ras‐MAPK pathway and CREB phosphorylation in neuronal cells (1999)

The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM plays an important role in axonal growth, learning, and memory. A signaling pathway has been elucidated in which clustering of the NCAM140 isoform in the neural plasma membrane stimulated the activating phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the transcription factor cyclic AMP response-element binding protein (CREB). NCAM clustering transiently induced dual phosphorylation (activation) of the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) by a pathway regulated by the focal adhesion kinase p125fak, p59fyn, Ras, and MAPK kinase. CREB phosphorylation at serine 133 induced by NCAM was dependent in part on an intact MAPK pathway. c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which is associated with apoptosis and cellular stress, was not activated by NCAM. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway in rat cerebellar neuron cultures selectively reduced NCAM-stimulated neurite outgrowth. These results define an NCAM signal transduction mechanism with the potential for modulating the expression of genes needed for axonal growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 38: 542–558, 1999
Real Time Trajectory Planning for UAVs Using MILP (2006)

A probabilistic finite receding horizon approach for trajectory planning of autonomous air vehicles is presented. The approach is based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) techniques. The risk areas are modelled by dynamic boundaries to direct the vehicle towards the target. Various constraints are formulated to avoid radar zones and collisions, etc. These constraints are extended to be both hard and soft so as to alleviate the infeasibility problem usually encountered. The finite receding horizon approach is numerically stable and can be applied to centralized trajectory planning of a fleet of UAVs in real time. The MILP problem is solved using commercially available software AMPL/CPLEX. Finally the approach is applied to different scenarios with upper and lower bounds on the speed and acceleration of each UAV.
A singularity of PDGF alpha-receptor expression in the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube may define the origin of the oligodendrocyte lineage (1993)

During rat embryogenesis, PDGF alpha receptor (PDGF-alpha R) mRNA is expressed in the ventral half of the spinal cord in two longitudinal columns, one each side of the central canal. Initially, these columns are only two cells wide but the cells subsequently appear to proliferate and disseminate throughout the spinal cord. Our previous studies of PDGF-alpha R expression in the developing CNS suggested that PDGF-alpha R may be a useful marker of the oligodendrocyte lineage in situ. The data presented here complement those studies and lead us to propose that the earliest oligodendrocyte precursors in the spinal cord originate in a very restricted region of the ventricular zone during a brief window of time around embryonic day 14 (E14). In the embryonic brain, migrating PDGF-alpha R+ cells appear to originate in a localized germinal zone in the ventral diencephalon (beneath the foramen of Monro). Our data demonstrate that gene expression and cell fate can be regulated with exquisite spatial resolution along the dorsoventral axis of the mammalian neural tube.
Polarization Effects of Confocal Raman Microspectrometry of Crystal Powders Using Interactive Self-Modeling Analysis (2003)

The collection by confocal Raman microspectrometry in the motorized point-by-point scanning mode of crystalline samples with heterogeneity larger than the spatial resolution (∼1 μm) generates large amounts of useable Raman spectral data. The present selected examples of fine, medium, and coarse crystal powders (anhydrite, CaSO4; calcite, CaCO3; gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O; and (NH4)2SO4) treated by the new Simplisma method combining conventional and second derivative data demonstrate the main role of the crystal size on the number and shape of the resolved spectra. With fine crystal powders (size less than 0.5 μm), well-known powder Raman spectrum characteristics of each compound were extracted. These spectra were often superimposed on a weak baseline. With medium and coarse crystal powders (size more than 1 μm), several significant spectra were extracted for each pure crystalline compound. These spectra were found to be analogous to the polarized spectra previously obtained with oriented large single crystal and were attributed to the several scattering contributions according to the symmetry of the several vibrational modes. The band splittings by the static and dynamic crystal effects can be resolved by the Simplisma approach using the pure variable concept according to the width of the splitting depending on the crystal. These results were explained by theoretical equations deduced from the Raman tensor elements and orientational functions of the crystal-fixed coordinates with respect to the space-fixed coordinates. These findings could provide accurate assignment of the resolved spectra extracted by the Simplisma approach from mixtures with large heterogeneities and can provide meaningful applications to Raman imaging of environmental and material samples.
상완 신경총 손상시 건측 제 7 번 경추신경 전이술 후 건측 상지의 신경 변화 (2001)

Purpose: To evaluate the neurologic abnormalities in the donor limb after contralateral C7 transfer in brachial plexus injury. Materials and Methods: From August 1996 to December 1999, five patients with brachial plexus injury were treated with contralateral C7 nerve root transfer. The average follow up was 16 months(range, 5 to 36 months). The clinical findings were assessed using the British Medical Research Council Grading System, and also measured grip power, pinch power of hand and two point discrimination of the fingers. Results: We had no difference in shoulder abduction and elbow flexion after contralateral C7 transfer. The grip and pinch strength were recovered within 4weeks. Sensory loss occurred in all patients and was noted to be more severe on index and middle finger. Four patients recovered within 2 weeks, one continued till one year. Subjective numbness and pain on percussion minimally persisted until last follow-up. Conclusion: The division of the C7 nerve root resulted in minimal and temporary functional deficit in the donor upper limb.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-carboxy-3,4-methanoprolines, new rigid glutamate analogs. (1995)

6-Carboxy-3,4-methanoprolines were prepared by reacting ethyl diazoacetate with the suitable 3,4-didehydroproline derivative in the presence of rhodium(II)acetate dimer as catalyst. The affinities of the title compounds for displacement of receptor binding to ionotropic and metabotropic (mGluR1 alpha) glutamate receptors were also determined.
Long-Term Survival of Poly-L-Lysine-Alginate Microencapsulated Islet Xenografts in Spontaneously Diabetic NOD Mice (1999)

Problems with Current Therapy for Diabetes Each year, approximately 15,000 new cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are diagnosed in the United States. Diabetes-related health care costs are staggering, and the life expectancy of a teenager is reduced by 30 years from the onset of IDDM. For many patients with IDDM, exogenous insulin therapy is not adequate to prevent the complications of the disease. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) found that intensive insulin therapy delayed the onset and slowed progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM.1 Unfortunately, intensive insulin therapy is not appropriate for many IDDM patients, and even with careful monitoring, DCCT patients had increased episodes of severe hypoglycemia, compared to conventionally treated patients.1 Thus, results of the DCCT support the rationale for transplantation of insulinproducing cells. Several investigators are using genetic engineering to introduce the insulin gene into cells such as bone marrow stem cells from a diabetic patient that could be transplanted back into the same patient. However, the physiological regulation of insulin production, processing, and secretion is so complex that gene therapy remains highly experimental. Pancreas or islet transplantation is a more feasible approach for the near future.
Layer transfer by controlled spalling (2013)

In this communication, we present what may be the simplest method yet devised for removing surface layers from brittle substrates. The process is called controlled spalling technology (CST) and works by depositing a tensile stressor layer on the surface of a substrate, introducing a crack near the edge of the substrate, and mechanically guiding the crack as a single fracture front across the surface. The entire process is performed at room-temperature using only common laboratory equipment. We present here, for the first time, the specific process conditions required for controlled spalling of Ge 〈0 0 1〉 substrates using Ni as the stressor layer. We also illustrate the versatility of CST by removing completed CMOS circuits from a Si wafer and demonstrate functionality of the flexible circuits. Raman spectroscopy of spalled circuits with the Ni stressor intact indicates a residual compressive Si strain of 0.0029, in good agreement with the calculated value of 0.0022. Therefore, CST also permits new opportunities for strain engineering of nanoscale devices.
Nitric Oxide Measurements during Endotoxemia (2001)

The direct measurement of NO concentrations in the rat pulmonary artery demonstrates dynamic changes throughout endotoxemia, which are related to the production of superoxide and the subsequent increase in peroxynitrite. Monitoring endotoxemia with total nitrate plus nitrite is not sensitive to these fluctuations in NO concentration.