gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Vascular Permeability and Ischemic Injury in Gelsolin-Deficient Mice (2003)

Gelsolin is a potent actin filament regulatory protein that controls cytoskeletal assembly and disassembly. Because cellular gelsolin deficiency leads to pronounced actin stress fiber formation and defective chemotaxis, and similar cytoskeletal remodeling results in endothelial barrier dysfunction, we hypothesized that gelsolin deficient mice would exhibit increased vascular permeability. To test this hypothesis, we compared baseline lung lavage (BAL) protein concentration, wet/dry weight ratio, and osmotic reflection coefficient for albumin (sigma alb) in gelsolin-deficient (gsn-/-) and C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice. In addition, we assessed lung permeability in response to ischemia by evaluating BAL protein concentration after 4, 8, or 24 h of left pulmonary arterial (LPA) occlusion, and lung wet/dry weight ratio and histology after 24 h of LPA occlusion, in gsn-/- and wild-type animals, as compared with control and sham-operated mice. Baseline measurements revealed that BAL protein concentration was 18-fold higher in gsn-/- than in wild-type mice, whereas sigma alb averaged 0.62 + 0.15 in wild-type, as compared with 0.31 + 0.05 in gsn-/- animals, indicating that gelsolin deficiency caused increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Ischemia increased lung permeability (BAL protein and lung wet/dry weight) in both wild-type and gsn-/- mice. However, whereas the fold-increase in BAL protein concentration was less in gsn-/- mice (2- to 4-fold) as compared with wild-type (22- to 34-fold), the duration of ischemia-induced permeability changes was prolonged. Lung wet/dry weight and gross histology following ischemia were comparable in wild-type and gsn-/- animals. These data suggest that gelsolin significantly contributes to maintenance of vascular barrier function in the lung.
ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (1989)

An approach to the general problem of signal parameter estimation is described. The algorithm differs from its predecessor in that a total least-squares rather than a standard least-squares criterion is used. Although discussed in the context of direction-of-arrival estimation, ESPRIT can be applied to a wide variety of problems including accurate detection and estimation of sinusoids in noise. It exploits an underlying rotational invariance among signal subspaces induced by an array of sensors with a translational invariance structure. The technique, when applicable, manifests significant performance and computational advantages over previous algorithms such as MEM, Capon's MLM, and MUSIC.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of a tissue-specific promoter for targeted expression of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in cervical carcinoma cells. (1999)

Molecular chemotherapy strategies have been developed for a number of epithelial malignancies based on selective delivery and expression of a toxin-encoding gene into the cancer cells. To date, these strategies have not been explored in the context of carcinoma of the cervix, despite the fact that a variety of factors suggest this as an appropriate disease for this gene therapy approach. One limitation in this respect is that appropriate tissue-specific promoters for selective toxin gene expression have not been defined for cervical carcinoma. In this regard, the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) gene has been shown to be constitutively expressed in many epithelial carcinoma cells including the uterine cervix. Thus, we investigated the utility of the SLPI gene as a tissue-specific promoter for regulatory control of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene for in vitro treatment of cervical carcinoma cells. For this analysis, a gene construct was derived with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under regulatory control of the 5' upstream regions of the SLPI gene. Transient transduction of three human cervical carcinoma cell lines with the SLPI-thymidine kinase (TK) construct was followed by treatment with the prodrug ganciclovir. Crystal violet staining was subsequently used to assess cell viability. In this analysis, it was shown that the SLPI-TK construct directed TK-mediated killing in two of three tested cervical cell lines, with the two cell lines being positive for SLPI. In addition, mixing experiments established that cervical carcinoma cells could exhibit a bystander effect which potentially augments the efficacy of molecular chemotherapy approaches. These findings may allow for the development of efficacious, target-specific, toxin gene therapy strategies for cervical carcinoma in human patients.
Live-attenuatedListeria-based immunotherapy (2013)

For decades Listeria monocytogenes has been used as a model of host-disease immunology, and a considerable body of knowledge has been amassed regarding the complex immune response to L. monocytogenes. Attenuated strains of L. monocytogenes are currently being assessed as therapeutic bacterial vectors to present tumor-associated antigens to the immune system for the clinical treatment of cancer. L. monocytogenes immunotherapy utilizes many synchronous and disparate action mechanisms that stimulate innate and cell-mediated adaptive immunity while reducing immunosuppressive influences in the tumor microenvironment. Other effects not typically associated with immunotherapy include the stimulation of myeloid hematopoiesis and vascular changes that enable chemotaxis. Preliminary clinical results using L. monocytogenes bearing the HPV oncogene E7 indicate good tolerability and a strong efficacy signal, warranting further development. This article reviews the current status of L. monocytogenes as a cancer immunotherapeutic and the complex immune responses that underlie L. monocytogenes immunotherapy.
Methacrolein Production from iso‐Butane Using a Au|Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia|Ag Electrochemical Reaction Cell (1996)

The partial oxidation of iso‐butane to methacrolein over an inert gold electrode was studied at 425 to 475°C, in an electrochemical membrane reactor using yttria‐stabilized zirconia as a solid electrolyte. On applying an external current to the reaction cell, methacrolein was formed at the gold anode with a selectivity of 13 to 19%, depending on the reaction conditions. The formation rate of methacrolein increased linearly with the applied current, while no methacrolein was formed when dioxygen was used as the oxidant. This indicates that iso‐butane is oxidized to methacrolein by oxygen species produced electrochemically at the gold‐YSZ‐gas‐phase three‐phase boundary.
Nestin expression in embryonic human neuroepithelium and in human neuroepithelial tumor cells. (1992)

Nestin is a recently described member of the intermediate filament (IF) protein family that is especially abundant in neuroepithelial stem cells of the rat. The studies described here examine this class VI IF protein in the normal human developing central nervous system (CNS), human brain tumor-derived cell lines, and tissue samples of human CNS tumors. Human nestin exhibited biochemical and immunochemical properties similar to those of rat nestin. Further, as in the rat, nestin was detected immunohistochemically in several different types of immature human CNS cells, i.e. germinal matrix cells, neuroepithelial cells lining the central canal, radial glia and vascular cells. Nestin appeared in these cells at the earliest gestational age (i.e., 6 weeks) examined here and then it declined in all but the vascular cells at later embryonic stages. Nestin also was detected by immunocytochemistry in 6 of 7 primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines and in both of 2 malignant glioma cell lines examined. In these cell lines, nestin co-localized incompletely with bundles of IFs containing other IF proteins (i.e., vimentin, glial filament, neurofilament). Nestin was ubiquitous in a wide variety of brain tumors, but was most prominent in gliomas. The transient expression of nestin in primitive neuroepithelial cells at early stages of human embryogenesis and its abundance in neuroepithelial tumors suggest a role for nestin IFs in cellular events that precede the exit of embryonic CNS stem cells from the cell cycle and the commitment of the progeny of these stem cells to a specific lineage. The subsequent induction of different members of the IF protein family in phenotypically distinct CNS cells (i.e. neurons, glia) and the elimination of nestin from almost all differentiated CNS cells, imply that different classes of IFs subserve functions that are closely linked to the maturational state, as well as the lineage, of CNS cells.
Emerging tools for single-cell analysis: advances in optical measurement technologies (2000)

Cell-Sorting Technology (G. Durack). High-Speed Cell Sorting (G. van den Engh). Rare-Event Detection and Sorting of Rare Cells (J. Leary). Applications of High-Speed Sorting of CD34 ~ + Hematopoietic Stem Cells (T. Leemhuis & D. Adams). Microfabricated Fluidic Devices for Single-Cell Handling and Analysis (D. Beebe). Single DNA Fragment Detection by Flow Cytometry (R. Habbersett, et al.). Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging: New Microscopy Technologies (W. Yu, et al.). Fluorescence Lifetime Flow Cytometry (J. Steinkamp). Application of Fluorescence Lifetime and Two-Photon Fluorescence Cytometry (D. Weaver, et al.). Probing Deep-Tissue Structures by Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy (C.-Y. Dong, et al.). Limits of Confocal Imaging (J. Pawley). Scanning Near-Field Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy in Cell Biology (V. Subramaniam, et al.). White-Light Scanning Digital Microscopy (J. Robinson & B. Gravely). Illumination Sources (H. Shapiro). Camera Technologies for Cytometry Applications (K. Castleman). Index.
Cytogenetic Alterations in Laryngeal Carcinomas (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in laryngeal carcinomas. Biopsy specimens of surgical resections from laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas from 15 patients representing different degrees of histologic differentiation were analyzed in short-term culture. Nine of the 15 tumors were hypodiploid with 41 to 45 chromosomes, and four of the 15 tumors were polyploid with more than 50 chromosomes. The most frequent chromosomal alterations we noted included deletion of the short arm of chromosome 3 in 60%, monosomy of chromosome 11 in 30%, and inversions of chromosome 9 and 16 that were present in 20% of the cases.
Synthesis of Primary Aromatic Amides by Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Halides Using Formamide as an Ammonia Synthon (2001)

Primary aromatic amides were prepared by a palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction of aryl halides in high yields (70-90%) using formamide as the amine source. The reactions require a palladium catalyst in combination with a nucleophilic Lewis base such as imidazole or 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). Aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl bromides and chlorides were converted to the primary amides under mild conditions (5 bar, 120 degrees C) using 1 mol % of a palladium-phosphine complex. Best results were obtained in dioxane using triphenylphosphine as the ligand and DMAP as the base. For activated aryl bromides, a phosphine-to-palladium ratio of 2:1 was sufficient, but less reactive aryl bromides or aryl chlorides required ligand-to-palladium ratios up to 8:1 in order to stabilize the catalyst and achieve full conversion. The influence of catalyst, base, solvent, pressure, and temperature was studied in detail. The mechanism of the reaction could be clarified by isolating and identifying the reaction intermediates. In addition, methylamides and dimethylamides were prepared by the same method using N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide as the amine source.
Particle Size Measurement (2005)

Abstract The size distribution of particles is of importance to a wide variety of particulate systems in the chemical process industries. The compacting and sintering behavior of metallurgical powders, flow characteristics of granular materials, hiding power of paint pigments, and the combustion efficiency of coal and sprayed liquids all depend on particle size. The various means of data representation in particle size measurements are defined and sampling procedures are presented. Methods of size measurement ranging from the historical yet still useful sieving, through the use of modern instrumentation such as laser diffraction equipment and optical counters, are discussed.
Past, Present, and Future Hepatitis C Treatments (2004)

Conventional interferon (IFN) alfa has been used for many years in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. However, few patients achieve sustained virological responses with IFN. Combining IFN with ribavirin improves efficacy considerably, but at the expense of diminished tolerability attributable to ribavirin. Pegylated interferons have improved pharmacokinetic profiles, may be administered once weekly, and are more effective than IFN is alone or in combination with ribavirin. In addition to enhanced efficacy, pegylated interferon alfa-2a (40 kD) also improves health-related quality of life during therapy compared with IFN-based therapy. New adjuvant agents have the potential to further improve sustained response rates and tolerability; however, pegylated interferons will likely remain the backbone of therapy in the foreseeable future. Therapies under development and evaluation for patients with HCV infection include adjunctive use of the antiviral agent amantadine and the immunomodulatory agent thymalfasin. Novel small molecules include the ribavirin analogues, viramidine and levovirin, and BILN 2061, an inhibitor of HCV serine protease. Other therapeutic strategies that have reached the clinic include antisense oligonucleotides (ISIS 14803), nuclease-resistant ribozymes targeting HCV RNA (Heptazyme), human monoclonal antibodie, and human antibody fragments directed at HCV helicase.
Identifying and Characterizing Bacteria in an Era of Genomics and Proteomics (2008)

ABSTRACT The advent of new molecular technologies in genomics and proteomics is shifting traditional techniques for bacterial classification, identification, and characterization in the 21st century toward methods based on the elucidation of specific gene sequences or molecular components of a cell. We discuss current genotypic and proteomics technologies for bacterial identification and characterization, and present an overview of how these new technologies complement conventional approaches. The new methods can be rapid, offer high throughput, and produce unprecedented levels of discrimination among strains of bacteria and archaea. Remaining challenges include developing appropriate standards and methods for these techniques' routine application and establishing integrated databases that can handle the large amounts of data that they generate. We conclude by discussing the impacts of rapid bacterial identification on the environment and public health, as well as directions for future development in this field.
Molecules and Electronic Materials (2002)

Progress reports are a new type of article in Advanced Materials, dealing with the hottest current topics, and providing readers with a critically selected overview of important progress in these fields. It is not intended that the articles be comprehensive, but rather insightful, selective, critical, opinionated, and even visionary. We have approached scientists we believe are at the very forefront of these fields to contribute the articles, which will appear on an annual basis. The article below describes the latest advances in molecular electronics.
Serum interferon levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (1982)

Levels of interferon (IFN) were measured in 81 serum samples from 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a plaque-reduction method and correlated retrospectively with clinical records of disease activity, anti-DNA binding, and serum complement measurements. IFN titers were found to correlate with both clinical disease activity and anti-DNA binding, but no relation was found to serum complement. Most (76.6%, 31 of 41) serum samples obtained during periods of active disease contained measureable amounts of IFN, but only 9.1% (2 of 22) of results of tests on samples obtained during periods of disease quiescence were positive (P less than 0.005). Of samples with clearly elevated anti-DNA binding (greater than 40%), 69.7% (23 of 33) had positive results for IFN, but 57.1% (8 of 14) had negative results when the anti-DNA binding was normal (less than 20%) (P less than 0.005). Measurement of serum IFN titers in patients with SLE, therefore, provides another serologic marker of disease activity. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, the IFN found in the present study was characterized as IFN-alpha, or Type I IFN, on the basis of acid stability and neutralization by antibody to IFN-alpha. Of interest are the questions raised about the origin of IFN in the sera of patients with SLE and what role IFN might have in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease in view of the many documented immunomodulating effects of IFN.
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A TWO-DOSE DACLIZUMAB (ZENAPAX) INDUCTION THERAPY IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS1 (2000)

In the pilot study, induction therapy with daclizumab was safe, facilitated improvement in renal function, and appeared to reduce the incidence of acute rejection. Combination therapy with daclizumab may be an important adjunct in immunosuppressive strategies for liver transplant recipients.
Intelligent management of virtualized resources for database systems in cloud environment (2011)

In a cloud computing environment, resources are shared among different clients. Intelligently managing and allocating resources among various clients is important for system providers, whose business model relies on managing the infrastructure resources in a cost-effective manner while satisfying the client service level agreements (SLAs). In this paper, we address the issue of how to intelligently manage the resources in a shared cloud database system and present SmartSLA, a cost-aware resource management system. SmartSLA consists of two main components: the system modeling module and the resource allocation decision module. The system modeling module uses machine learning techniques to learn a model that describes the potential profit margins for each client under different resource allocations. Based on the learned model, the resource allocation decision module dynamically adjusts the resource allocations in order to achieve the optimum profits. We evaluate SmartSLA by using the TPC-W benchmark with workload characteristics derived from real-life systems. The performance results indicate that SmartSLA can successfully compute predictive models under different hardware resource allocations, such as CPU and memory, as well as database specific resources, such as the number of replicas in the database systems. The experimental results also show that SmartSLA can provide intelligent service differentiation according to factors such as variable workloads, SLA levels, resource costs, and deliver improved profit margins.
NLRP3/IL‐1β mediates denervation during bladder outlet obstruction in rats (2017)

The NLRP3/IL-1β-mediated inflammation pathway plays a significant role in denervation during BOO.
Differentiation of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus by polymerase chain reaction (1999)

Lactobacillus casei, Lact. paracasei and Lact. rhamnosus form a closely related taxonomic group within the heterofermentative lactobacilli. These three species are difficult to differentiate using traditional fermentation profiles. We have developed polymerase chain reaction primers which are specific for each of these species based on differences in the V1 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sixty-three Lactobacillus isolates from cheese were identified using these primers. The 12 Lact. rhamnosus and 51 Lact. paracasei identified in this way were also differentiated using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer.
A Rising Titan:TTNReview and Mutation Update (2014)

The 364 exon TTN gene encodes titin (TTN), the largest known protein, which plays key structural, developmental, mechanical, and regulatory roles in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Prior to next-generation sequencing (NGS), routine analysis of the whole TTN gene was impossible due to its giant size and complexity. Thus, only a few TTN mutations had been reported and the general incidence and spectrum of titinopathies was significantly underestimated. In the last months, due to the widespread use of NGS, TTN is emerging as a major gene in human-inherited disease. So far, 127 TTN disease-causing mutations have been reported in patients with at least 10 different conditions, including isolated cardiomyopathies, purely skeletal muscle phenotypes, or infantile diseases affecting both types of striated muscles. However, the identification of TTN variants in virtually every individual from control populations, as well as the multiplicity of TTN isoforms and reference sequences used, stress the difficulties in assessing the relevance, inheritance, and correlation with the phenotype of TTN sequence changes. In this review, we provide the first comprehensive update of the TTN mutations reported and discuss their distribution, molecular mechanisms, associated phenotypes, transmission pattern, and phenotype-genotype correlations, alongside with their implications for basic research and for human health.
Human Metapneumovirus in Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis (2003)

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect segments of the M (matrix), N (nucleoprotein), and F (fusion) genes of human metapneumovirus in bronchoalveolar fluid from 30 infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Seventy percent of them were coinfected with metapneumovirus. Such coinfection might be a factor influencing the severity of bronchiolitis.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PELARGONOYL‐CYCLIC DECAPEPTIDE ANALOG OF THE ANTIBIOTIC POLYMYXIN B1 (1981)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem polymer gebundenen Threonin (I) wird in 6 Stufen das Pelargnnoylcyclodecapeptid (I‐I) synthetisiert.
Tag Recommendation Based on Social Comment Network (2010)

Tagging has rapidly become a popular way to annotate the content on social network sites. Tags describe the contents of the resource or provide additional contextual and semantical information to make the content more easily browsable and discoverable by others. However, as tagging is not constrained by a controlled vocabulary and a certain number of resources have no comments, tags tend to be noisy and sparse. In this paper we show that a substantial level of local lexical and topical alignment is observable among users who lie close to each other in the social comment network. We analyze a representative snapshot of Flickr and construct comment networks that present the user clusters in which users add comments to the central user’s photos. We find similar users with common interests based on K-Nearest Neighbor and present tag recommendation strategy in local comment context. The results of the evaluation show that tag recommendation based on local lexicon is an effective way to improve collaborative resource sharing in social network.