gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PhotoSketch: Internet Image Montage (2009)

Figure 1: A simple freehand sketch is automatically converted into a photo-realistic picture by seamlessly composing multiple images discovered online. The input sketch plus overlaid text labels is shown in (a). A composed picture is shown in (b); (c) shows two further compositions. Discovered online images used during composition are shown in (d). We present a system that composes a realistic picture from a simple freehand sketch annotated with text labels. The composed picture is generated by seamlessly stitching several photographs in agree-ment with the sketch and text labels; these are found by searching the Internet. Although online image search generates many inap-propriate results, our system is able to automatically select suitable photographs to generate a high quality composition, using a filter-ing scheme to exclude undesirable images. We also provide a novel image blending algorithm to allow seamless image composition. Each blending result is given a numeric score, allowing us to find an optimal combination of discovered images. Experimental results show the method is very successful; we also evaluate our system us-ing the results from two user studies. 1
Effective tumor immunization induced by cells of elevated membrane-lipid microviscosity. (1979)

The immunogenicity of a series of mouse tumor lines propagated in vivo (T and B lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinoma) was tested after alteration of the cell membrane-lipid microviscosity. Tumor cells used for immunization were first treated to alter the lipid content, then irradiated and injected intraperitoneally into syngeneic mice. A second identical immunization was performed 14 days later. The degree of immunization in the treated mice was assessed by survival time after challenge with untreated viable tumor cells of the same origin as the immunizing cells. For all tumors tested, enrichment of the immunizing cells with cholesterol or cholesteryl hemisuccinate, which increased the membrane-lipid microviscosity significantly, afforded a marked increase in immunization, compared to that obtained with cells that were only irradiated. Furthermore, in over 90% of the mice that were pretreated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate-enriched cells, tumor growth after the challenge was not detectable. Because the lipid-modifying treatments of the immunizing cells involve no toxic substances, these results may provide the basis for a potent approach to immunotherapy of human cancer.
Oxygenation of α-Methylstyrene with Molecular Oxygen, Catalyzed by 10-Methylacridinium Ion via Photoinduced Electron Transfer (2003)

Photooxygenation of α-methylstyrene with oxygen occurs efficiently in the presence of 10-methylacridinium perchlorate (AcrH+ClO4-) under visible light irradiation in oxygen-saturated acetonitrile (MeCN) to yield acetophenone as the main oxygenated product. No photoinduced oxygenation of α-methylstyrene occurs in the absence of AcrH+ under otherwise the same experimental conditions. Little photodegradation of AcrH+ occurs in the present photocatalytic system, which provides a clean method of photoinduced oxygenation reaction with molecular oxygen, alternate to the ene reaction of singlet oxygen. The photocatalytic oxygenation of α-methylstyrene with oxygen is shown to proceed via photoinduced electron transfer from α-methylstyrene to the singlet excited state of AcrH+ (1AcrH+*) on the basis of the fluorescence quenching of 1AcrH+* by α-methylstyrene, the quantum yield determination, and the detection of radical intermediates by laser flash photolysis and ESR measurements.
A concentration-independent method to measure exchange rates in PARACEST agents (2010)

The efficiency of chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (CEST) agents is largely determined by their water or proton exchange kinetics, yet methods to measure such exchange rates are variable and many are not applicable to in vivo measurements. In this work, the water exchange kinetics of two prototype paramagnetic agents (PARACEST) are compared by using data from classic NMR line-width measurements, by fitting CEST spectra to the Bloch equations modified for chemical exchange, and by a method where CEST intensity is measured as a function of applied amplitude of radiofrequency field. A relationship is derived that provides the water exchange rate from the X-intercept of a plot of steady-state CEST intensity divided by reduction in signal caused by CEST irradiation versus 1/omega(1)(2), referred to here as an omega plot. Furthermore, it is shown that this relationship is independent of agent concentration. Exchange rates derived from omega plots using either high-resolution CEST NMR data or CEST data obtained by imaging agree favorably with exchange rates measured by the more commonly used Bloch fitting and line-width methods. Thus, this new method potentially allows access to a direct measure of exchange rates in vivo, where the agent concentration is typically unknown.
cyl encodes a putative cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase lacking the conserved tyrosine autophosphorylation site (Y416src). (1991)

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel tyrosine kinase family member, named cyl (consensus tyrosine-lacking kinase), from the K562 human leukemia cell line. The deduced cyl protein lacks signal and transmembrane sequences but contains features of known cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, including amino-terminal SH3 and SH2 domains. However, having very short amino and carboxy termini, cyl does not seem to belong to any of the previously characterized subfamilies of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, cyl lacks the highly conserved tyrosine autophosphorylation site (Y416src) in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain. The cyl gene is located on human chromosome 15. It is expressed ubiquitously as two independently regulated mRNA species of 2.6 and 3.4 kb in human leukemia cell lines and fetal tissues.
dedupv1: Improving deduplication throughput using solid state drives (SSD) (2010)

Data deduplication systems discover and remove redundancies between data blocks. The search for redundant data blocks is often based on hashing the content of a block and comparing the resulting hash value with already stored entries inside an index. The limited random IO performance of hard disks limits the overall throughput of such systems, if the index does not fit into main memory. This paper presents the architecture of the dedupv1 dedupli-cation system that uses solid-state drives (SSDs) to improve its throughput compared to disk-based systems. dedupv1 is designed to use the sweet spots of SSD technology (random reads and sequential operations), while avoiding random writes inside the data path. This is achieved by using a hybrid deduplication design. It is an inline deduplication system as it performs chunking and fingerprinting online and only stores new data, but it is able to delay much of the processing as well as IO operations.
Precise Manipulation of Chromosomes in Vivo Enables Genome-Wide Codon Replacement (2011)

We present genome engineering technologies that are capable of fundamentally reengineering genomes from the nucleotide to the megabase scale. We used multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) to site-specifically replace all 314 TAG stop codons with synonymous TAA codons in parallel across 32 Escherichia coli strains. This approach allowed us to measure individual recombination frequencies, confirm viability for each modification, and identify associated phenotypes. We developed hierarchical conjugative assembly genome engineering (CAGE) to merge these sets of codon modifications into genomes with 80 precise changes, which demonstrate that these synonymous codon substitutions can be combined into higher-order strains without synthetic lethal effects. Our methods treat the chromosome as both an editable and an evolvable template, permitting the exploration of vast genetic landscapes.
Clinical Significance of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Determined by the Simple Precipitation Method (2004)

These results suggest that measurement of small dense LDL-C by the present precipitation method is useful to evaluate atherogenic risk and may be applicable to routine clinical examination.
On-line analysis of CdSe nanoparticle formation in a continuous flow chip-based microreactor (2004)

The online analysis of cadmium selenide nanoparticle formation in continuous-flow microfluidic reactors is described. The as-produced particles exhibit sharp excitonic absorption and emission peaks (∼30–40 nm) with relatively high quantum efficiencies (∼10%). The mean size and dispersity of the particles, determined using on-line fluorescence detection, may be controlled by varying the reaction temperature and/or the flow rate. The microfluidic approach provides considerable control over nucleation/growth processes and is a promising strategy for the direct production of near-monodisperse nanoparticles without recourse to further size selection.
Sustained Functional Improvement by Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Small Molecule BB3 after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats and Mice (2015)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), efficacious in preclinical models of acute central nervous system injury, is burdened by administration of full-length proteins. A multiinstitutional consortium investigated the efficacy of BB3, a small molecule with HGF-like activity that crosses the blood-brain barrier in rodent focal ischemic stroke using Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) and Good Laboratory Practice guidelines. In rats, BB3, begun 6 hours after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) reperfusion, or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) onset, and continued for 14 days consistently improved long-term neurologic function independent of sex, age, or laboratory. BB3 had little effect on cerebral infarct size and no effect on blood pressure. BB3 increased HGF receptor c-Met phosphorylation and synaptophysin expression in penumbral tissue consistent with a neurorestorative mechanism from HGF-like activity. In mouse tMCAO, BB3 starting 10 minutes after reperfusion and continued for 14 days improved neurologic function that persisted for 8 weeks in some, but not all measures. Study in animals with comorbidities and those exposed to common stroke drugs are the next steps to complete preclinical assessment. These data, generated in independent, masked, and rigorously controlled settings, are the first to suggest that the HGF pathway can potentially be harnessed by BB3 for neurologic benefit after ischemic stroke.
Conductivity of living intracranial tissues (2001)

Resistivity values were measured from living human brain tissue in nine patients. A monopolar needle electrode was used with a measurement frequency of 50 kHz. Mean values were 3.51 Ohms m for grey matter and 3.91 Ohms m for white matter. Cerebrospiral fluid had a mean value of 0.80 Ohms m. Values for tumour tissues were dependent on the type of tumour and ranged from 2.30 to 9.70 Ohms m.
Factor X deficiency: clinical manifestation of 102 subjects from Europe and Latin America with mutations in the factor 10 gene (2006)

Inherited factor X deficiency (FXD) is a rare (1:1,000,000) recessive bleeding disorder. The clinical and laboratory phenotypes of FXD are poorly correlated and few regional studies on the genotype and the clinical manifestations of FXD are known. To understand the association between clinical manifestations and causative genotype, detailed evaluation of bleeding pattern in a high number of patients is needed. This international study analysed the phenotype and genotype of 102 subjects from Central Europe (Germany, Poland and Slovakia) and Latin America (Costa Rica and Venezuela) with causative mutations in the F10 gene, via sequencing. Twenty-eight homozygous, seven compound-heterozygous and 67 heterozygous FXD subjects were characterized. Twenty-nine different causative mutations, including 15 novel mutations, were analysed. Spontaneous bleeding symptoms in 42 symptomatic individuals (26 homozygous, seven compound heterozygous and nine heterozygous) comprised easy bruising (55%), haematoma (43%), epistaxis (36%), haemarthrosis (33%), intracranial haemorrhage (ICH; 21%), and gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage (12%). The manifestation of bleeding symptoms in 9 of 67 (13%) symptomatic heterozygous subjects is described. The bleeding patterns of the enrolled patients showed differences that are associated with the types of F10 mutation, and the corresponding genotypes. The homozygous patients were evaluated for genotype-phenotype correlation. The results suggested that ICH seems to be associated with the F10 mutation Gly380Arg, and possibly with the mutations IVS7-1G>A and Tyr163delAT. A tentative association of other mutations to severe symptoms such as haemarthrosis and GI haemorrhage is reported. The severity of FXD, the genotype-phenotype association, and the results of regional studies are discussed.
Molecular Basis of Perhydrolase Activity in Serine Hydrolases (2005)

Changing substrates: A mutation that forms a cis-proline–peptide bond in a loop structure close to the active site of an aryl esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens converts the enzyme into a perhydrolase (see picture). The switch in activity is explained by a new hydrogen bond formed between a backbone carbonyl oxygen atom and the peroxy deacylation intermediate. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z463006_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Sertraline Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1999)

The safety and efficacy of sertraline versus placebo were examined in a group of nondepressed outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Patients with moderate-to-severe OCD were recruited at 10 sites. After a 1-week placebo lead-in, patients were treated in a double-blind fashion for 12 weeks with sertraline or placebo. Sertraline was administered at a starting dose of 50 mg/day, with flexible titration up to 200 mg/day. The efficacy measures were the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale (NIMH), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) Severity of Illness and Improvement subscales. One hundred sixty-seven patients were randomly assigned and received at least one dose of double-blind medication: 86 received sertraline and 81 received placebo. All efficacy measures showed significantly greater improvement in the sertraline group from the end of week 8 until the end of week 12. Significantly greater improvement (p < 0.05) in the sertraline group first became apparent by the end of week 3 on the Y-BOCS and the CGI Improvement scale, and by the end of weeks 6 and 8, respectively, on the NIMH and CGI Severity scale. Sertraline was well tolerated, without serious adverse effects. In conclusion, sertraline was safe and effective in the treatment of patients with OCD.
Control of Eye Movements (1981)

The sections in this article are: 1 Purposes of eye Movements 1.1 Vestibuloocular Reflex 1.2 Afoveate Saccadic System 1.3 Optokinetic System 1.4 Visual Stabilization 1.5 Pursuit System 1.6 Saccadic System 1.7 Vergence System 2 Oculomotor Plant 2.1 Motoneuron Behavior 2.2 Movement and Muscle Fiber Types 2.3 Stretch Afferents 2.4 Muscle Mechanics 2.4.1 Statics 2.4.2 Dynamics 3 Vestibuloocular Reflex 3.1 Properties of Reflex 3.1.1 High Frequencies 3.1.2 Low Frequencies 3.1.3 Gain 3.2 Semicircular Canals 3.3 Central Pathways 3.3.1 Transforming Cupula Time Constant 3.3.2 Neural Integrator 3.3.3 Summary 3.4 Otolith Reflex 3.5 Neurophysiology of Reflex 3.5.1 Spatial Organization 3.5.2 Vertical Reflex Signals 3.5.3 Horizontal Reflex Signals 3.5.4 Cell Types in Brain Stem 3.5.5 Signal Conversions 3.5.6 Cerebellar Connections 4 Optokinetic System 4.1 Properties of Optokinetic Nystagmus 4.2 Model of Optokinetic-Vestibular Cooperation 4.3 Neurophysiology of Optokinetic System 4.3.1 Input 4.3.2 Output 4.3.3 Central 5 Saccadic System 5.1 Properties of Rapid Eye Movements 5.1.1 Metrics 5.1.2 Timing 5.1.3 Saccades and Quick Phases 5.2 Properties of Quick-Phase System 5.3 Properties of Saccadic System 5.3.1 Microsaccades 5.3.2 Sampled-Datalike Behavior 5.3.3 Perception of Visual Direction 5.3.4 Coordinate Systems 5.4 Neurophysiology of Saccades 5.4.1 Burst Cells Drive Saccades 5.4.2 Integration of Pulse 5.4.3 Models of Pontine-Pulse Generation 5.4.4 Cerebellum 5.4.5 Superior Colliculus 5.4.6 Higher Centers 6 Pursuit System 6.1 Stabilization System 6.2 Properties of Pursuit 6.3 Neurophysiology of Pursuit 6.3.1 Flocculus 6.3.2 Brain Stem 6.4 Models of Pursuit 7 Vergence System 7.1 Properties of Vergence Movements 7.2 Neurophysiology of Vergence 8 Plasticity and Repair 8.1 Gain of Vestibuloocular Reflex 8.2 Recovery from VIIIth Nerve Lesions 8.3 Saccadic Plasticity 8.4 Plasticity of Vergence Tone 9 Measuring Eye Movements 9.1 Noncontact Methods 9.1.1 Photography 9.1.2 Electrooculogram 9.1.3 Corneal Reflection 9.1.4 Differential Limbus Reflection 9.1.5 Double-Image Tracking Devices 9.2 Contact Methods 9.2.1 Optical Lever 9.2.2 Magnetic Search Coil Method
Determination of the 13C/12C Carbon Isotope Ratio in Carbonates and Bicarbonates by 13C NMR Spectroscopy (2017)

This paper is the first study focused on the innovative application of <sup>13</sup>C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy to determine the bulk <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C carbon isotope ratio, at natural abundance, in inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates. In the past, <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy (irm-<sup>13</sup>C NMR) was mainly used to measure isotope ratio monitoring with the potential of conducting <sup>13</sup>C position-specific isotope analysis of organic molecules with high precision. The reliability of the newly developed methodology for the determination of stable carbon isotope ratio was evaluated in comparison with the method chosen in the past for these measurements, i.e., isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), with very encouraging results. We determined the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C ratio of carbonates and bicarbonates (∼50-100 mg) with a precision on the order of 1‰ in the presence of a relaxation agent, such as Cr(acac)<sub>3</sub>, and CH<sub>3</sub><sup>13</sup>COONa as an internal standard. The method was first applied to soluble inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates and then extended to insoluble carbonates by converting them to Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, following a simple procedure and without observing isotopic fractionation. Here, we demonstrate that <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy can also be successfully adopted to characterize the <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C isotope ratio in inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates with applications in different fields, such as cultural heritage and geological studies.
Inhibition of the Antibody Production by Acetaminophen Independent of Liver Injury in Mice. (2002)

The causal relationship between the inhibition of antibody production and liver injury induced by single doses of acetaminophen (APAP) was investigated in mice. The liver injury and antibody production were evaluated using the serum transaminase activity and the number of antibody forming cells against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), respectively. The relevance of APAP hepatotoxicity with inhibiting antibody production was elucidated in fasted and fed mice treated with a single oral administration of APAP. In fasted mice, the oral administration of APAP produced serious liver injury, while it was not the case in the fed mice. As the antibody production was measured under these conditions, APAP significantly depressed the antibody production in fed mice as well as in fasted mice. The rate of B220 positive cells in the splenocytes was significantly decreased by APAP administration in both the fasted and fed mice. Splenocytes proliferative responses following mitogenic stimulation with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide were inhibited by APAP. Moreover, APAP added directly to the splenocyte culture also inhibited the in vitro antibody-producing response to SRBC. These findings indicate that the APAP-induced depression of antibody production may not be a secondary response to APAP-hepatitis, but may be a primary response to APAP.
Surface modification of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) nanocomposite polymer as a stent coating for enhanced capture of endothelial progenitor cells (2013)

An unmet need exists for the development of next-generation multifunctional nanocomposite materials for biomedical applications, particularly in the field of cardiovascular regenerative biology. Herein, we describe the preparation and characterization of a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) nanocomposite polymer with covalently attached anti-CD34 antibodies to enhance capture of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). This material may be used as a new coating for bare metal stents used after balloon angioplasty to improve re-endothelialization. Biophysical characterization techniques were used to assess POSS-PCU and its subsequent functionalization with anti-CD34 antibodies. Results indicated successful covalent attachment of anti-CD34 antibodies on the surface of POSS-PCU leading to an increased propensity for EPC capture, whilst maintaining in vitro biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. POSS-PCU has already been used in 3 first-in-man studies, as a bypass graft, lacrimal duct and a bioartificial trachea. We therefore postulate that its superior biocompatibility and unique biophysical properties would render it an ideal candidate for coating medical devices, with stents as a prime example. Taken together, anti-CD34 functionalized POSS-PCU could form the basis of a nano-inspired polymer platform for the next generation stent coatings.
HAVCR/KIM-1 Activates the IL-6/STAT-3 Pathway in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Determines Tumor Progression and Patient Outcome (2014)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the third most prevalent urological cancer, claims more than 100,000 lives/year worldwide. The clear cell variant (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of this disease. While commonly asymptomatic, more than 30% of ccRCC are diagnosed when already metastatic, resulting in a 95% mortality rate. Notably, nearly one-third of organ-confined cancers treated by nephrectomy develop metastasis during follow-up care. At present, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to screen, diagnose, and monitor renal cancers are clearly needed. The gene encoding the cell surface molecule HAVCR1/KIM-1 is a suggested susceptibility gene for ccRCC and ectodomain shedding of this molecule may be a predictive biomarker of tumor progression. Microarray analysis of 769-P ccRCC-derived cells where HAVCR/KIM-1 levels have been upregulated or silenced revealed relevant HAVCR/KIM-1-related targets, some of which were further analyzed in a cohort of 98 ccRCC patients with 100 month follow-up. We found that HAVCR/KIM-1 activates the IL-6/STAT-3/HIF-1A axis in ccRCC-derived cell lines, which depends on HAVCR/KIM-1 shedding. Moreover, we found that pSTAT-3 S727 levels represented an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Our results suggest that HAVCR/KIM-1 upregulation in tumors might represent a novel mechanism to activate tumor growth and angiogenesis and that pSTAT-3 S727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC.