gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fish Oil Supplementation Prevents Neointima Formation in Nonhypercholesterolemic Balloon-Injured Rabbit Carotid Artery by Reducing Medial and Adventitial Cell Activation (2000)

We asked whether balloon-injured neointima formation in the presence of high/low serum cholesterol (CT) levels might be affected by dietary supplementation with fish oil (FO). To test this hypothesis, we examined the differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis profile of smooth muscle cell (SMC) and adventitial cell response to a mild injury induced via a Fogarty catheter in the carotid artery of adult rabbits that had been fed a standard chow or 0.5% CT-enriched diet starting 4 weeks before the lesion. One week before surgery, animals received FO supplementation. This regimen was continued for the following 3 weeks. The effect of FO on the early proliferative/migratory response of carotid SMCs was also examined in 2- and 7-day-injured normocholesterolemic rabbits. As controls, animals subjected to 3-week endothelial injury and animals kept on a 7-week CT diet were used. Carotid cryosections from the various animal groups were evaluated for morphometry (image analysis), differentiation (immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies specific for smooth muscle markers, ie, myosin isoforms, SM22, and fibronectin), proliferation (bromodeoxyuridine incorporation), and apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling). FO treatment significantly reduced the development of intimal thickening in normocholesterolemic rabbits but had no efficacy in the presence of relatively higher serum CT levels. At day 2 (adventitia) and day 7 (neointima, media, and adventitia), the proliferation index of SMCs in FO-treated injured rabbits was markedly lower than in untreated injured controls. Concomitantly with the antiproliferative effect, FO was able to decrease the size of 2 cell types involved in the cell growth response to endothelial injury, namely, the "fetal-type" medial SMC subpopulation and the fibroblast-derived adventitial myofibroblasts. Thus, in our experimental conditions, a low CT level is a permissive condition for FO to prevent neointima formation to a considerable extent. This event is attributable to the early postinjury effect of FO on SMC/adventitial cell proliferation/differentiation patterns.
Pain in Sickle Cell Disease (1991)

The "pain rate" (episodes per year) is a measure of clinical severity and correlates with early death in patients with sickle cell anemia over the age of 20. Even when the fetal hemoglobin level is low, one can predict that small increments in the level may have an ameliorating effect on the pain rate and may ultimately improve survival. This outcome is particularly encouraging to investigators studying hydroxyurea and other treatments designed to increase the fetal hemoglobin level.
Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2007)

Like many epithelial tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. We developed an immunodeficient mouse model to test the tumorigenic potential of different populations of cancer cells derived from primary, unmanipulated human HNSCC samples. We show that a minority population of CD44 + cancer cells, which typically comprise &lt;10% of the cells in a HNSCC tumor, but not the CD44 − cancer cells, gave rise to new tumors in vivo . Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CD44 + cancer cells have a primitive cellular morphology and costain with the basal cell marker Cytokeratin 5/14, whereas the CD44 − cancer cells resemble differentiated squamous epithelium and express the differentiation marker Involucrin. The tumors that arose from purified CD44 + cells reproduced the original tumor heterogeneity and could be serially passaged, thus demonstrating the two defining properties of stem cells: ability to self-renew and to differentiate. Furthermore, the tumorigenic CD44 + cells differentially express the BMI1 gene, at both the RNA and protein levels. By immunohistochemical analysis, the CD44 + cells in the tumor express high levels of nuclear BMI1, and are arrayed in characteristic tumor microdomains. BMI1 has been demonstrated to play a role in self-renewal in other stem cell types and to be involved in tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that cells within the CD44 + population of human HNSCC possess the unique properties of cancer stem cells in functional assays for cancer stem cell self-renewal and differentiation and form unique histological microdomains that may aid in cancer diagnosis.
Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Cancer (2014)

Depressive symptoms are common among patients with cancer, and both psychological stress and physiological factors have been implicated in the etiology of depression. Scientific progress in this area is challenged by the changing nature of psychological and physiological processes over the course of cancer diagnosis and treatment. The article by Wu and colleagues in the current issue of Psychosomatic Medicine provides an example of thoughtful consideration of the complex longitudinal relationships between psychological stress, physiology, and depressive symptoms. These findings are put into context by discussing broader challenges in this area, with a focus on the contribution of inflammatory processes caused by cancer and/or its treatment to depressive and related sickness behavior symptoms. We outline several regulatory pathways by which cortisol, inflammatory processes, and depressive symptoms may interact in the context of cancer and highlight implications of these interactions for tumor progression. Additional research is needed to delineate these pathways and advance scientific understanding of the biobehavioral mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms in the context of cancer, with important implications for the development of effective interventions for patients undergoing initial cancer treatment, as well as for long-term survivors.
Roles of TolC-Dependent Multidrug Transporters of Escherichia coli in Resistance to β-Lactams (2003)

AcrAB exports some beta-lactam antibiotics in the periplasm out of cells via an outer-membrane channel, TolC. It has been reported that eight drug transporters in Escherichia coli cooperate with TolC. In this study, the roles of the drug exporters of E. coli in beta-lactam resistance were examined. We found that five of five resistance-nodulation-cell division-type drug exporters confer beta-lactam antibiotic resistance, while no other drug exporters confer any beta-lactam resistance even when they cooperate with TolC.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression in human colorectal cancer tissues (2000)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) functions specifically to induce lymphangiogenesis. We examined the relationship between expression of VEGF-C and clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer. The expression of VEGF-C in the 99 primary tumours and 18 metastatic lymph nodes from colorectal cancer patients was examined immunohistochemically. To verify VEGF-C mRNA expression, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out. The expression of VEGF-C correlated with lymphatic involvement, lymph nodes metastasis, and depth of invasion. On the other hand, correlations were nil with regard to gender of the patients, histologic type, venous involvement, and liver metastasis. The expression of VEGF-C in metastatic lymph nodes was fairly consistent with this expression in the primary tumour. Survival time was shorter for VEGF-C positive groups than for VEGF-C negative ones, but with no statistically significant difference. RT-PCR findings revealed that the expression of VEGF-C mRNA correlated mostly with that of VEGF-C protein expression. VEGF-C may play an important role in lymphatic spread of colorectal cancer.
KIM127, an Antibody that Promotes Adhesion, Maps to a Region of CD18 that Includes Cysteine-Rich Repeats (1995)

A series of fusion proteins have been generated between human and mouse CD18. These proteins have been used to carry out preliminary mapping studies on a number of anti-CD18 antibodies including KIM127 an antibody that promotes CD18-dependent adhesion. This antibody maps to a region of the CD18 molecule between amino acids 406 and 570 in a region containing cysteine-rich repeats.
COX-2: A Molecular Target for Colorectal Cancer Prevention (2005)

Cyclooxygenase (COX), a key enzyme in the prostanoid biosynthetic pathway, has received considerable attention due to its role in human cancers. Observational and randomized controlled studies in many different population cohorts and settings have demonstrated protective effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; the inhibitors of COX activity) for colorectal cancers (CRCs). COX-2, the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, is overexpressed in early and advanced CRC tissues, which portends a poor prognosis. Experimental studies have thus identified important mechanisms and pathways by which COX-2 plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been approved for use as adjunctive therapy for patients with familial polyposis. The role of COX-2 inhibitors is currently being evaluated for use in wider populations.
Genetics and human conception: DNA-based X-enriched sperm separation as an adjunct to preimplantation genetic testing for the prevention of X-linked disease (1995)

We report the world's first clinical pregnancy resulting from DNA-based enrichment for X-bearing human spermatozoa, for prevention of X-linked hydrocephalus. Sperm separation was followed by embryo biopsy and nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for gender determination. Enriched populations of X-bearing spermatozoa ranging from 80 to 89% pure as determined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) resulted in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) rates indistinguishable from normal IVF procedures (65%). In two separate biopsy procedures, 7/9 and 15/16 of the resulting embryos were determined to be female by multiplex PCR. Embryo transfer resulted in a karyotypically normal female fetus. This technique should be widely applicable to gender selection for the prevention of genetic disorders.
The histopathology of coeliac disease (1999)

In this paper, we review the histological features of coeliac disease and propose a standardized report scheme based on the Marsh classification. Furthermore, terms used by pathologists are defined. The most important histological differential diagnoses are given, as well as a definition of the different clinical forms of coeliac disease such as symptomatic, silent, latent, potential, treated and refractory coeliac disease.
Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Recommendation Statement (2020)

This statement summarizes the current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for ovarian cancer and the supporting evidence, and updates the 1996 recommendations contained in the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition: Periodic Updates.1 In 1996, the USPSTF recommended against routine screening for ovarian cancer (a “D” recommendation). Explanations of the ratings and of the strength of overall evidence are given in Appendix A and in Appendix B, respectively. The complete information on which this statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available in the brief evidence update “Screening for Ovarian Cancer,”2 available through the USPSTF Web site at http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov and through the National Guideline Clearinghouse™ (http://www.guideline.gov). The recommendation statement and brief evidence updates are also available from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Publications Clearinghouse in print through subscription to the Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Third Edition: Periodic Updates.
Scalable and multi-service passive optical access infrastructure using variable optical splitters (2006)

We present mobile and wired services network on passive optical access infrastructure using variable optical splitters. An optical budget gain of about 2.25 dB is obtained. Variable splitters can be remotely powered through a fiber-optic link.
Riluzole as a Neuroprotective Drug for Spinal Cord Injury: From Bench to Bedside (2015)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event resulting in permanent loss of neurological function. To date, effective therapies for SCI have not been established. With recent progress in neurobiology, however, there is hope that drug administration could improve outcomes after SCI. Riluzole is a benzothiazole anticonvulsant with neuroprotective effects. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a safe and well-tolerated treatment for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mechanism of action of riluzole involves the inhibition of pathologic glutamatergic transmission in synapses of neurons via sodium channel blockade. There is convincing evidence that riluzole diminishes neurological tissue destruction and promotes functional recovery in animal SCI models. Based on these results, a phase I/IIa clinical trial with riluzole was conducted for patients with SCI between 2010 and 2011. This trial demonstrated significant improvement in neurological outcomes and showed it to be a safe drug with no serious adverse effects. Currently, an international, multi-center clinical trial (Riluzole in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study: RISCIS) in phase II/III is in progress with riluzole for patients with SCI (clinicaltrials.gov, registration number NCT01597518). This article reviews the pharmacology and neuroprotective mechanisms of riluzole, and focuses on existing preclinical evidence, and emerging clinical data in the treatment of SCI.
Scalable, fault-tolerant management of Grid Services (2007)

The service-oriented architecture has come a long way in solving the problem of reusability of existing software resources. Grid applications today are composed of a large number of loosely coupled services. While this has opened up new avenues for building large, complex applications, it has made the management of the application components a nontrivial task. Use of services existing on different platforms, implemented in different languages and presence of variety of network constraints further complicates management. This paper investigates problems that emerge when there is a need to uniformly manage a set of distributed services. We present a scalable, fault-tolerant management framework. Our empirical evaluation shows that the architecture adds an acceptable number of additional resources for providing scalable, fault-tolerant management framework.
Sputum neutrophils as a biomarker in COPD: findings from the ECLIPSE study (2010)

Sputum neutrophil measurements in COPD are associated weakly with FEV1 % predicted and health status. Sputum neutrophil measurements were dissociated from exacerbation rates, emphysema and systemic inflammation.
The Scavenger Protein Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophages (AIM) Potentiates the Antimicrobial Response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Enhancing Autophagy (2013)

Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), a scavenger protein secreted by tissue macrophages, is transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear receptor Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) heterodimer. Given that LXR exerts a protective immune response against M. tuberculosis, here we analyzed whether AIM is involved in this response. In an experimental murine model of tuberculosis, AIM serum levels peaked dramatically early after infection with M. tuberculosis, providing an in vivo biological link to the disease. We therefore studied the participation of AIM in macrophage response to M. tuberculosis in vitro. For this purpose, we used the H37Rv strain to infect THP-1 macrophages transfected to stably express AIM, thereby increasing infected macrophage survival. Furthermore, the expression of this protein enlarged foam cell formation by enhancing intracellular lipid content. Phagocytosis assays with FITC-labeled M. tuberculosis bacilli indicated that this protein was not involved in bacterial uptake; however, AIM expression decreased the number of intracellular cfus by up to 70% in bacterial killing assays, suggesting that AIM enhances macrophage mycobactericidal activity. Accordingly, M. tuberculosis-infected AIM-expressing cells upregulated the production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, real-time PCR analysis showed increased mRNA levels of the antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and defensin 4B. These increases were concomitant with greater cellular concentrations of the autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and LC3II, as well as enhanced acidification of mycobacterial phagosomes and LC3 co-localization. In summary, our data support the notion that AIM contributes to key macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis.
Water Subsidies in Southern California: Do They Exist and Have They Contributed to Urban Sprawl? A Comment on an Article by Steven P. Erie and Pascale Joassart-Marcelli Titled 'Unraveling Southern California's Water/Growth Nexus: Metropolitan Water District Policies and Subsidies for Suburban Development, 1928-1996' (2000)

authored a paper reviewing the financing methods of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) and analyzing the relationship between this financing and historical growth in Southern California.
Tuber‐specific silencing of asparagine synthetase‐1 reduces the acrylamide‐forming potential of potatoes grown in the field without affecting tuber shape and yield (2012)

Simultaneous silencing of asparagine synthetase (Ast)-1 and -2 limits asparagine (ASN) formation and, consequently, reduces the acrylamide-forming potential of tubers. The phenotype of silenced lines appears normal in the greenhouse, but field-grown tubers are small and cracked. Assessing the effects of silencing StAst1 and StAst2 individually, we found that yield drag was mainly linked to down-regulation of StAst2. Interestingly, tubers from untransformed scions grafted onto intragenic StAst1/2-silenced rootstock contained almost the same low ASN levels as those in the original silenced lines, indicating that ASN is mainly formed in tubers rather than being transported from leaves. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that overexpression of StAst2 caused ASN to accumulate in leaves but not tubers. Thus, ASN does not appear to be the main form of organic nitrogen transported from leaves to tubers. Because reduced ASN levels coincided with increased levels of glutamine, it appears likely that this alternative amide amino acid is mobilized to tubers, where it is converted into ASN by StAst1. Indeed, tuber-specific silencing of StAst1, but not of StAst2, was sufficient to substantially lower ASN formation in tubers. Extensive field studies demonstrated that the reduced acrylamide-forming potential achieved by tuber-specific StAst1 silencing did not affect the yield or quality of field-harvested tubers.
Directed Evolution of an Enantioselective Enzyme through Combinatorial Multiple-Cassette Mutagenesis (2001)

Recombinant methods work exceedingly well in the directed evolution of an enantioselective enzyme. For the kinetic resolution of the ester rac-1 by a lipase [Eq. (a)] three steps were applied: 1) Generation of mutants by the error-prone polymerase chain reaction (epPCR), 2) identification of “hot spots” in the enzyme by epPCR and simplified combinatorial multiple-cassette mutagenesis (CMCM), and 3) extension of the process of CMCM to cover a defined region of protein sequence space. From lass then 40 000 enzyme varients generated, one was found which catalyzes the reaction with almost 50-times higher enantioselectivity than the wild-type enzyme.
SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED QUINOLYLAMINES. DERIVATIVES OF 4-AMINO-7-CHLOROQUINOLINE (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED QUINOLYLAMINES. DERIVATIVES OF 4-AMINO-7-CHLOROQUINOLINEG. BRYANT BACHMAN, GEORGE E. BENNETT, and ROBERT S. BARKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 6, 1278–1284Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01152a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01152a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Derivation of the blackbody radiation spectrum from the equivalence principle in classical physics with classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation (1984)

A derivation of Planck's spectrum including zero-point radiation is given within classical physics from recent results involving the thermal effects of acceleration through classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation. A harmonic electric-dipole oscillator undergoing a uniform acceleration $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{a}}$ through classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation responds as would the same oscillator in an inertial frame when not in zero-point radiation but in a different spectrum of random classical radiation. Since the equivalence principle tells us that the oscillator supported in a gravitational field $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{g}}=\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{a}}$ will respond in the same way, we see that in a gravitational field we can construct a perpetual-motion machine based on this different spectrum unless the different spectrum corresponds to that of thermal equilibrium at a finite temperature. Therefore, assuming the absence of perpetual-motion machines of the first kind in a gravitational field, we conclude that the response of an oscillator accelerating through classical zero-point radiation must be that of a thermal system. This then determines the blackbody radiation spectrum in an inertial frame which turns out to be exactly Planck's spectrum including zero-point radiation.
A Post-Vaccinal Inclusion Body Encephalitis in Dogs (1974)

Two separate episodes of an encephalitis occurred in dogs after the administration of a few batches of a combined, live attenuated distemper/hepatitis virus vaccine. The lesions consisted of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in large neurones, together with a nonsuppurative encephalitis and malacia of the ventral pontine gray matter. The presence of nucleocapsid, indistinguishable from that seen in distemper infection, indicates that a distemper or distemper-like virus was directly involved.