gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acetogenesis from H2 and CO2 by methane- and non-methane-producing human colonic bacterial communities (1996)

The purpose of the study was to define the potential for reductive acetogenesis of colonic microflora from six non\u2010methane\u2010 and four methane\u2010excreting human subjects in relation to numbers of the different H2\u2010utilizing microorganisms. Faecal bacterial suspensions were incubated in the presence of NaH13CO3 and under a gas phase composed of either 100% N2 (control) or 80% H2\u201320% N2. The effects of a specific methanogenesis inhibitor or of sulfate supplementation were also determined. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance showed the presence of both single\u2010 and double\u2010labelled acetate in all incubations under hydrogen. H2/CO2\u2010acetogenesis appears to be a quantitatively important activity only in the presence of very low numbers of methanogens. Inhibition of methanogenesis induced a large increase in 13CO2 incorporation into acetate in CH4\u2010producing samples. These results showed that methanogens can efficiently outcompete acetogens in human colonic contents. In contrast, no clear\u2010cut competition for H2 between acetogenesis and dissimilatory sulfate\u2010reduction could be demonstrated. A slight reduction of the acetogenic activity was only observed at the highest sulfate addition (100 mM).
Early detection and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2012)

The long-term prognosis for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains poor, despite advances in treatment options that have been made in the past few decades. Recent evidence suggests that World Health Organization functional class I or II patients have significantly better long-term survival rates than patients in higher functional classes, thus providing a rationale for earlier diagnosis and treatment of PAH. However, early diagnosis is challenging and there is frequently a delay between symptom onset and diagnosis. Screening programmes play an important role in PAH detection and expert opinion favours echocardiographic screening of asymptomatic patients who may be predisposed to the development of PAH (i.e. those with systemic sclerosis or sickle cell disease), although current guidelines only recommend annual echocardiographic screening in symptomatic patients. This article reviews the currently available screening programmes, including their limitations, and describes alternative screening approaches that may identify more effectively those patients who require right heart catheterisation for a definitive PAH diagnosis.
Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. (1988)

Within the context of a double blind randomized controlled parallel trial of 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, we validated WOMAC, a new multidimensional, self-administered health status instrument for patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The pain, stiffness and physical function subscales fulfil conventional criteria for face, content and construct validity, reliability, responsiveness and relative efficiency. WOMAC is a disease-specific purpose built high performance instrument for evaluative research in osteoarthritis clinical trials.
Production of cyclic peptides and proteins in vivo (1999)

Combinatorial libraries of synthetic and natural products are an important source of molecular information for the interrogation of biological targets. Methods for the intracellular production of libraries of small, stable molecules would be a valuable addition to existing library technologies by combining the discovery potential inherent in small molecules with the large library sizes that can be realized by intracellular methods. We have explored the use of split inteins (internal proteins) for the intracellular catalysis of peptide backbone cyclization as a method for generating proteins and small peptides that are stabilized against cellular catabolism. The DnaE split intein from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was used to cyclize the Escherichia coli enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and to produce the cyclic, eight-amino acid tyrosinase inhibitor pseudostellarin F in bacteria. Cyclic dihydrofolate reductase displayed improved in vitro thermostability, and pseudostellarin F production was readily apparent in vivo through its inhibition of melanin production catalyzed by recombinant Streptomyces antibioticus tyrosinase. The ability to generate and screen for backbone cyclic products in vivo is an important milestone toward the goal of generating intracellular cyclic peptide and protein libraries.
Using Linear Algebra for Intelligent Information Retrieval (1995)

Currently, most approaches to retrieving textual materials from scientific databases depend on a lexical match between words in users’ requests and those in or assigned to documents in a database. Because of the tremendous diversity in the words people use to describe the same document, lexical methods are necessarily incomplete and imprecise. Using the singular value decomposition (SVD), one can take advantage of the implicit higher-order structure in the association of terms with documents by determining the SVD of large sparse term by document matrices. Terms and documents represented by 200–300 of the largest singular vectors are then matched against user queries. We call this retrieval method latent semantic indexing (LSI) because the subspace represents important associative relationships between terms and documents that are not evident in individual documents. LSI is a completely automatic yet intelligent indexing method, widely applicable, and a promising way to improve users’ access to many kinds of textual materials, or to documents and services for which textual descriptions are available. A survey of the computational requirements for managing LSI-encoded databases as well as current and future applications of LSI is presented.
Basic toxicology: Fundamentals, target organs, and risk assessment (1985)

General Principles of Toxicology. Testing Procedures for Conventional and Non-target Organ Toxicities. Target Organs and Systems. Toxic Substances and Risk Assessment.
Presence and Outcomes of Kidney Disease in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension (2014)

In a clinical population referred for right heart catheterization, presence of CKD was associated with higher all-cause mortality in those patients with pulmonary hypertension. Mechanisms that may underlie these associations warrant additional studies.
Curcumin, a Novel p300/CREB-binding Protein-specific Inhibitor of Acetyltransferase, Represses the Acetylation of Histone/Nonhistone Proteins and Histone Acetyltransferase-dependent Chromatin Transcription (2004)

Acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins is an important post-translational modification involved in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes and all viral DNA that integrates into the human genome (e.g. the human immunodeficiency virus). Dysfunction of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) is often associated with the manifestation of several diseases. In this respect, HATs are the new potential targets for the design of therapeutics. In this study, we report that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a major curcumanoid in the spice turmeric, is a specific inhibitor of the p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP) HAT activity but not of p300/CBP-associated factor, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, curcumin could also inhibit the p300-mediated acetylation of p53 in vivo. It specifically represses the p300/CBP HAT activity-dependent transcriptional activation from chromatin but not a DNA template. It is significant that curcumin could inhibit the acetylation of HIV-Tat protein in vitro by p300 as well as proliferation of the virus, as revealed by the repression in syncytia formation upon curcumin treatment in SupT1 cells. Thus, non-toxic curcumin, which targets p300/CBP, may serve as a lead compound in combinatorial HIV therapeutics.
Boni iudicatio. L’utilisation du mythe d’Orphée et d’Eurydice dans la Consolation de la Philosophie de Boèce (2013)

Boni iudicatio. The uses of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy Abstract The traditional interpretation of the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice in the Consolation of Philosophy is concerned with the soul’s possibility of turning to the original principles and liberating itself from the constraints of this world. The present paper deepens this interpretation, underlining a Neoplatonic in uence in Boethius’ discourse, clearly visible from the imperatives of a theory of knowledge originating in Plotinian soteriology. Accordingly, the paper illustrates an unexpected meaning of the myth in the light of Plotinus’ theory of self-forgetfulness preceding all acts of knowledge. The soteriological sense of the myth is thereby connected with the ancient and medieval dispute concerning the return of conscience upon itself. Boethius’ position in this context will also be clari ed. Keywords: Myth of Orpheus and Eurydice; self-consciousness; Neoplatonism; Boethian tradition. Medieval Authors: Boethius; Fulgentius of Ruspe; Remigius of Auxerre; Reginon of Prum; William of Conches. Résumé L’interprétation traditionnelle du mythe d’Orphée et d’Eurydice dans la Consolation de la Philosophie a relation est avec la possibilité de l’âme à se tourner vers les premiers principes et de se libérer des contraintes de ce monde. Le présent article approfondit cette interprétation, soulignant l’existence d’une in uence néoplatonicienne dans le discours de Boèce, bien visible depuis les impératifs de la théorie de la connaissance qui a ses origines dans la sotériologie plotinienne. Ainsi, l’article fait évident un sens inattendu du mythe à la lumière de la théorie de Plotin de l’oubli de soi que précède tous les actes de la connaissance. Le sens sotériologique du mythe est ainsi connecté avec la dispute ancienne et médiévale concernant le retour de la conscience sur elle-même. La position de Boèce dans ce contexte deviendra également claire. Mots-clés: Mythe d’Orphée et d’Eurydice; conscience de soi; néoplatonisme; tradition Boétienne.Auteurs médiévaux: Boèce; Fulgence de Ruspe; Rémi d’Auxerre; Réginon de Prüm; Guil- laume de Conches.
Determination of complement activating circulating immune complexes and an example for antigen specific immune complex assays. (1986)

For the screening of complement activating circulating immune complexes a new fluorescence linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Anti-human C3 or anti-human C4 F(ab')2 fragments were coupled to a nitrocellulose matrix. Nitrocellulose pieces of definite size covered with anti-C3 and anti-C4 were incubated with serum samples or standards for 15 min followed by a reaction with a fluorescence labelled anti-human IgG or anti-human-IgM. The nitrocellulose disks were then washed and the remaining fluorescence was read by a solid-phase fluorometer. The method was standardized by a WHO Tetanus toxoid anti-Tetanus immune complex reference substandard. (This standard and further controls were used to prove the reproducibility of the system.) Patients suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases were compared to healthy controls. The best discrimination between patients and controls was demonstrated by the determination of C3-IgG aggregates, followed by C3-IgM, C4-IgG, and C4-IgM aggregates. The easy performance, the stability of necessary chemical substances, the reliable standardization by a reference standard, and the clear-cut differences between patients and healthy control groups proved this test to be suitable for routine purposes. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated by means of an artificial model immune complex that this system can be expanded--by slight modifications--to antigen-specific CIC-assays. A CEA-anti-CEA CIC test is described as an example of an antigen specific CIC test not limited to complement activating CIC, and the data of 127 patients with colorectal carcinoma are given.
Thermal effects on droplet transport in digital microfluidics with applications to chip cooling (2004)

Thermal management has emerged as a critical issue in the design of integrated circuits (ICs). As feature sizes decrease and package densities increase, current package-level cooling techniques will soon become inadequate. While a number of MEMS-based cooling solutions have been proposed to address cooling at the IC level, many are not equipped to address the problem of real-time active and "smart" cooling, where hotter thermal regions (i.e., hot areas) are detected and subsequently cooled at an increased rate. We describe an alternative cooling method, on a platform we call "digital microfluidics", where nanoliter-sized discrete liquid droplets immersed in oil are manipulated. Cooling droplets are actuated independently in user-defined patterns over an array of electrodes by electrowetting, eliminating the need for external pumps. This paper presents the effects of temperature-dependent system parameters on droplet transport in this digital
Absorption and fluorescence of pyrylium salts (1992)

Abstract Absorption and fluorescence of donor‐substituted pyrylium compounds are studied in order to get information of the x‐ and y‐chromophore system and of the role of structural and solvent effects. The experimental results are in accordance with the assumption that the absorption and fluorescence behaviour can be rationalized in terms of intramolecular radiative and non‐radiative charge transfer (charge shift) processes.
Coding of Spatial Audio Compatible with Different Playback Formats (2004)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be
In vivo analysis of the 3′ untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus after in vitro mutagenesis of an infectious cDNA clone (1999)

Large sections of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were deleted from an infectious cDNA clone, and the RNA transcripts from seven deletion mutants were tested sequentially for infectivity in a chimpanzee. Mutants lacking all or part of the 3' terminal conserved region or the poly(U-UC) region were unable to infect the chimpanzee, indicating that both regions are critical for infectivity in vivo. However, the third region, the variable region, was able to tolerate a deletion that destroyed the two putative stem-loop structures within this region. Mutant VR-24 containing a deletion of the proximal 24 nt of the variable region of the 3' UTR was viable in the chimpanzee and seemed to replicate as well as the undeleted parent virus. The chimpanzee became viremic 1 week after inoculation with mutant VR-24, and the HCV genome titer increased over time during the early acute infection. Therefore, the poly(U-UC) region and the conserved region, but not the variable region, of the 3' UTR seem to be critical for in vivo infectivity of HCV.
Epidemiology of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Incidence, Prevalence, Natural History, and Comorbidities (2010)

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) present a group of common and highly disabling chronic conditions that share inflammatory pathways. Several incidence and prevalence studies of IMID during the past decades have reported a considerable variation of the disease occurrence among different populations. Overall, the estimated prevalence of IMID in Western society is 5%-7%. This article provides an overview of studies of the incidence, prevalence, natural history, and comorbidities of IMID.
Hormone‐induced expression of the CHSl gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

When MATa cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been treated with the mating hormone alpha-factor an increase in chitin synthase zymogen, as well as chitin content in the cell-wall fraction, have been reported. With a DNA probe derived from the cloned CHS1 gene that codes for chitin synthase I [Bulawa, C. E., Slater, M., Cabib, E., Au-Young, J., Sburlati, A., Adair, W. L. and Robbins, P. (1986) Cell 46, 213-225] a Northern analysis was conducted of CHS1-specific transcripts. alpha-Factor-treated MATa cells revealed more than sixfold elevated steady-state levels of CHS1 mRNA as compared to control cells. MAT alpha cells responded the same way when treated with a-factor although induction rate was somewhat smaller. After hormone application a rapid increase in CHS1 mRNA levels could be observed that occurred also in the absence of ongoing protein synthesis. In order to minimize possible side effects of CHS1-coding sequences on expression and mRNA stability a CHS1::SUC2 chimaeric gene was constructed where 730 bp of the CHS1 promoter region (+20 bp of the coding region) were fused in frame to a fragment of the SUC2 coding region. The fusion protein exhibits invertase activity that has been used to monitor CHS1 promoter activity. By analysis of shortened versions of the CHS1 promoter a 94-bp DNA fragment has been identified that confers hormone inducibility to the CHS1 promoter. According to the published sequence of the CHS1 gene, this fragment contains four repeats of a TGAAACA consensus sequence previously identified in the alpha-factor-inducible BAR1 promoter [Kronstad, J. W., Holly, J. A. and MacKay, V. L. (1987) Cell 50, 369-377]. This heptamer may represent the cis-acting element involved in mating-hormone-mediated gene expression in yeast.
Permanent Epicardial Pacing in Pediatric Patients (2001)

Steroid epicardial leads demonstrated relatively stable acute and chronic pacing and sensing thresholds. In this evaluation of >200 epicardial leads, lead survival was good, with steroid-eluting leads demonstrating results similar to those found with historical conventional endocardial leads.
Role of the A-Ring of Bryostatin Analogues in PKC Binding:  Synthesis and Initial Biological Evaluation of New A-Ring-Modified Bryologs (2005)

The syntheses of three newly designed bryostatin analogues are reported. These simplified analogues, which lack the A-ring present in the natural product but possess differing groups at C9, were obtained using a divergent approach from a common intermediate. All three analogues exhibit potent, single-digit nanomolar affinity to protein kinase C.
Active specific immunotherapy for melanoma: phase I trial of allogeneic lysates and a novel adjuvant. (1988)

A Phase I trial of active specific immunotherapy for melanoma was performed to measure the toxicity and immunological effects of the therapy. A mixture of mechanical lysates (homogenates) of two melanoma cell lines was injected together with a novel adjuvant, DETOX, into 22 patients. Several types of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to melanoma-associated antigens were measured serially. In the 17 patients with measurable disease, the sizes of lesions were also noted serially. At least six patients per group were injected s.c. with either 100, 200, or 400 antigenic units (approximately 10, 20, and 40 million tumor cell-equivalents) of the lysates mixed with 0.25 ml of DETOX s.c. on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Three patients at each dose level also received 300 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide i.v. 4 days before the start of immunization. Evidence for successful immunization was obtained in 13 of the 22 patients. An increase in the frequency of peripheral blood cytolytic lymphocyte precursors reacting against melanoma cells occurred in 12 patients, as measured by a limiting dilution assay involving in vitro re-exposure to irradiated melanoma cells for 9-10 days. Eight of the 12 patients had received cyclophosphamide. By cold-target competition assays, these cytolytic lymphocytes appeared to be atypical T-cells, which recognized melanoma-associated antigens on several allogeneic lines without apparent major histocompatibility complex restriction. An increase in antibody titers against melanoma-associated antigens, measured by enzyme immunoassay, was found in five of 22 patients, and a change in delayed hypersensitivity against the melanoma lysate, in three patients. Responses were found at all three dosage levels of lysate, without an obvious dose optimum. No toxicity except minor local soreness was noted. Therefore, no maximum tolerable dose was defined. Five of 17 patients with measurable lesions had a remission of their melanoma, two complete and three partial, with three additional minor responses. A patient whose complete remission lasted 5.5 months, has no evidence of disease 22+ months after entry onto the study, with the aid of surgical resection of small s.c. recurrences on two separate occasions. Sites of regression included s.c. nodules, lymph nodes, and pulmonary nodules, with no responses in liver, adrenal gland, or bone. The patients who had an increase in cytolytic lymphocyte precursors comprised all eight with a clinical remission (five major, three minor). In contrast, none of the seven patients lacking an increase in cytotoxic lymphocytes had a clinical response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaccines for Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Universally Needed for Infants (2004)

Rotavirus causes severe and often lifethreatening illness. Universal application of a safe and protective vaccine is justified in both developed and developing nations. Two vaccine candidates, one monovalent (Rotarix) and one multivalent (Rotateq), appear to meet these requirements and are likely to be licensed in the United States in the next 2 or 3 years. Both vaccines exhibited similar safety characteristics. There is little doubt that Rotateq and Rotarix will be shown to be effective for routine protection of infants. Unfortunately, despite numerous clinical trials, the most common serotype (PlaGa) commonly has been encountered as a natural challenge. Therefore, it is not known whether either vaccine possesses advantages in different epidemiological situations. Continuing the analogy with influenza virus, it may be that optimum protection against different serotypes requires a vaccine that is precisely homologous in antigen composition. If so, Rotateq would provide protection against the most common serotype PlaG1 because in includes both Pla and G1 rotavirus reassortants. Further, it would be expected to provide superior protection against G2, G3, and G4 wild-type virus because it contains reassortants of those specificities. In the case of a natural challenge with a serotype that was not G1, G2, G3, or G4, a Rotateq preparation containing a WC3 reassortant expressing the new G serotype could be formulated readily. The monotypic Rotarix may provide ideal protection against the PlaG1 rotavirus because it is composed solely of the PlaG1 strain. It may also provide cross-protection against other rotavirus serotypes adequate to protect against severe and life-threatening disease. In such a case, its monotypic composition may also provide significant economic savings in manufacturing. The resolution of these questions may have to await extensive post-licensure experience with each vaccine. In the future, possible application of rotavirus vaccine for other situations also should be explored, including use in older children to limit nosocomial infection, use in geriatric populations, use in the immunocompromised host, and possibly use in parents and other adults in contact with infants with rotavirus. Both Rotarix and Rotateq likely are to be launched at prices beyond those affordable in the poorest and neediest less-developed countries. It is essential that there be vigorous pursuit of new technologies to manufacture these products at drastically reduced cost if their true lifesaving potential is to be achieved.
Effectiveness of radiolabelled antibodies for radio-immunotherapy in a colorectal xenograft model: a comparative study using the linear–quadratic formulation (2001)

The model improves conceptual understanding of the relationship of parameters affecting therapy and makes it possible to optimize radio-immunotherapy by selecting the most effective antibody and radionuclide according to tumour biology.