gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blue-UV-Emitting ZnSe(Dot)/ZnS(Rod) Core/Shell Nanocrystals Prepared from CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals by Sequential Cation Exchange (2012)

Great control over size, shape and optical properties is now possible in colloidal Cd-based nanocrystals, which has paved the way for many fundamental studies and applications. One popular example of such class of nanocrystals is represented by CdSe(spherical core)/CdS(rod shell) nanorods. These can be nearly monodisperse in size and shape and have strong and stable photoluminescence that is tunable in the visible range (mainly by varying the size of the CdSe core). The corresponding Zn-based core/shell nanorods would be good candidates for tunable emission in the blue-UV region. However, while the synthesis of ZnS nanocrystals with elongated shapes has been demonstrated based on the oriented-attachment mechanism, elongated ZnS shells are difficult to fabricate because the more common cubic phase of ZnS has a highly symmetric crystal structure. We report here a procedure based on a sequence of two cation exchange reactions, namely, Cd(2+)⇒Cu(+) and then Cu(+)⇒Zn(2+), by which we transform colloidal CdSe(core)/CdS(shell) nanorods first into into Cu(2)Se/Cu(2)S nanorods, which are then converted into blue-UV fluorescent ZnSe(core)/ZnS(shell) nanorods. The procedure transfers the morphological and structural information of the initial Cd-based nanorods to the Zn-based nanorods. Therefore, the final nanoparticles are made by a ZnSe dot embedded in a rod-shaped shell of wurtzite ZnS. Since in the starting Cd-based nanorods the size of the CdSe core and the length of the CdS shell can be well controlled, the same holds for the final Zn-based rods. In the second step of the exchange reaction (Cu(+)⇒Zn(2+)), a large excess of Zn(2+) ions added over the Cu(+) ions present in the Cu(2)Se/Cu(2)S nanorods is the key requisite to obtain bright, band-edge emission (with quantum yields approaching 15%) with narrow line widths (approaching 75 meV). In these ZnSe/ZnS nanorods, photogenerated carriers appear to be more confined in the core region compared to their parent CdSe/CdS nanorods.
Occurrence of a Highly Heat-Sensitive Spore Subpopulation of Bacillus coagulans STCC 4522 and Its Conversion to a More Heat-Stable Form (1997)

The profile of the survival curves, at different heating temperatures, of B. coagulans STCC 4522 sporulated at 52(deg)C has been studied, focusing on the early moments of treatment. A highly heat-sensitive spore subpopulation that includes more than 90% of the total spore population has been found. This heat-sensitive spore fraction was inactivated after 2 s of treatment at 111(deg)C. Its heat resistance was as much as 200-fold lower than that of the heat-resistant spore fraction (D(inf111(deg)C) of 0.01 min for the heat-sensitive spore fraction compared with D(inf111(deg)C) of 2 min for the heat-resistant fraction). The shape of the survival curve at 108.5(deg)C was modified after a sublethal heat shock at 80(deg)C for 3.5 h, resulting in a straight-line survival curve. The temperature of treatment also influenced the shape of the survival curves. The conversion of the highly heat-sensitive spore subpopulation to a more heat-stable form is discussed.
Stylizing animation by example (2013)

Skilled artists, using traditional media or modern computer painting tools, can create a variety of expressive styles that are very appealing in still images, but have been unsuitable for animation. The key difficulty is that existing techniques lack adequate temporal coherence to animate these styles effectively. Here we augment the range of practical animation styles by extending the guided texture synthesis method of Image Analogies [Hertzmann et al. 2001] to create temporally coherent animation sequences. To make the method art directable, we allow artists to paint portions of keyframes that are used as constraints. The in-betweens calculated by our method maintain stylistic continuity and yet change no more than necessary over time.
Interaction of the FLP recombinase of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 micron plasmid with mutated target sequences. (1986)

The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a site-specific recombinase, the FLP protein, that catalyzes efficient recombination across two 599-base-pair (bp) inverted repeats of the plasmid DNA both in vivo and in vitro. We analyzed the interaction of the purified FLP protein with the target sequences of two point mutants that exhibit impaired FLP-mediated recombination in vivo. One mutation lies in one of the 13-bp repeat elements that had been previously shown to be protected from DNase digestion by the FLP protein. This mutation dramatically reduces FLP-mediated recombination in vitro and appears to act by reducing the binding of FLP protein to its target sequence. The second mutation lies within the 8-bp core region of the FLP target sequence. The FLP protein introduces staggered nicks surrounding this 8-bp region, and these nicks are thought to define the sites of strand exchange. The mutation in the core region abolishes recombination with a wild-type site. However, recombination between two mutated sites is very efficient. This result suggests that proper base pairing between the two recombining sites is an important feature of FLP-mediated recombination.
Lens Crystallins and Their Microbial Homologs: Structure, Stability, and Function (2001)

AbstractReferee: Franz Schmid, Biochemicshes Laboratorium, Universitaet Bayeuth, D-95440 Bayeuth, Germanyabg-Crystallins are the major protein components in the vertebrate eye lens — a as a molecular chaperone and b and g as structural proteins. Surprisingly, the latter two share some structural characteristics with a number of microbial stress proteins. The common denominator is not only the Greek key topology of their polypeptide chains but also their high intrinsic stability, which, in certain microbial crystallin homologs, is further enhanced by high-affinity Ca2+-binding. Recent studies of natural and mutant vertebrate bg-crystallins as well as spherulin 3a from Physarum polycephalum and Protein S from Myxococcus xanthus allowed the correlation of structure and stability of crystallins to be elucidated in some detail. From the thermo-dynamic point of view, stability increments come from (1) local interactions involved in the close packing of the cooperative units, (2) the all-b secondary structure of the Greek-key motif, (3) intramolecular interactions between domains, (4) intermolecular domain interactions, including 3D domain swapping and (v) excluded volume effects due to "molecular crowding" at the high cellular protein concentrations. Apart from these contributions to the Gibbs free energy of stability, significant kinetic stabilization originates from the high activation energy barrier determining the rate of unfolding from the native to the unfolded state. From the functional point of view, the high stability is responsible for the long-term transparency of the eye lens, on the one hand, and the stress resistance of the microorganisms in their dormant state on the other. Local structural perturbations due to chemical modification, wrong protein interactions, or other irreversible processes may lead to protein aggregation. A leading cataract hypothesis is that only after a-crystallin, a member of the small heat-shock protein family, is titrated out does pathological opacity occur. Understanding the structural basis of protein stability in the healthy eye lens is the route to solve the enormous medical and economical problem of cataract.KEY WORDS: : cataractcrystallinseye lensdomain interactionsprotein stabilitystress proteins.
A high-power, diode-pumped 355-nm laser system for micromachining applications (1998)

Summary form only given. Diode-pumped, Q-switched, solid-state lasers are rapidly becoming the preferred laser source in micromachining applications where their high efficiency, reliability, and excellent beam characteristics are important. We have developed a diode-pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser as a replacement for the lamp-pumped devices found in many industrial systems.
Evaluation of alpha-difluoromethylornithine as a potential chemopreventive agent: tolerance to daily oral administration in humans. (1993)

An initial clinical trial of alpha-difluoromethylornithine given p.o. daily for 6 months was carried out in 27 subjects free of disease following surgery for malignancy or in a defined high-risk group for cancer. The aim was to determine the highest nontoxic dose, principal side effects, and pharmacokinetic parameters. The starting dose was 200 mg/m2/day in divided doses with escalation each month in the absence of toxicity to 6400 mg/m2/day or to the highest nontoxic dose, whichever was lower. When the highest nontoxic dose was reached, this dose was continued to complete 26 weeks of treatment. Twenty-two subjects completed 26 weeks of alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment of whom 20 reached a nontoxic dose of at least 1600 mg/m2/day. The dose-limiting toxicity was loss of high-tone auditory acuity on an audiogram. Other side effects included diarrhea, fatigue, joint pain, insomnia, and rash. Pharmacokinetics were linear with dose. Area under the plasma concentration x time curve and maximum plasma concentration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine did not predict for development of ototoxicity. The dose for phase II chemoprevention studies should not exceed 1600 mg/m2/day.
Recent Advances and Prospects in the Differentiation of Pancreatic Cells From Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2010)

Recent studies with human embryonic stem (hES) cells have established new protocols for substantial generation of pancreatic progenitors from definitive endoderm. These findings add to the efficient derivation of definitive endoderm, which is controlled by Wnt and Nodal pathways, and delineate a step forward in the quest for alternative beta-cell sources. It also indicates that critical refining of the available strategies might help define a universal protocol for pancreatic differentiation applicable to several cell lines, therefore offering the possibility for transplantation of immune-matched or patient-specific hES-derived beta-cells. We appraise here the fundamental role that bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, and retinoid signaling play during pancreas development, and describe a fundamental emergence of their combination in recent studies that generated pancreatic cells from hES cells. We finally enumerate some prospects that might improve further differentiation of the progenitor cells into functional beta-cells needed in diabetes cell therapy.
Mini ReviewHuman Interferons Alpha, Beta and Omega (2004)

Type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-omega, IFN-delta and IFN-tau are a family of structurally related, species-specific proteins found only in vertebrates. They exhibit a variety of biological functions, including antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and developmental activities. Human Type I IFNs interact with the human IFN alpha receptor (IFNAR), which is composed of two identified subunits (IFNAR-1 and IFNAR-2). The interaction of IFN-alpha/beta with its receptor components results in the activation of a number of signaling pathways. The regulation of specific genes and proteins contributes to the numerous biological functions of Type I IFNs.
The effect of rate limitation by cytochrome c on the redox state of the ubiquinone pool in reconstituted NADH: cytochrome c reductase (1987)

The kinetic model of Ragan & Cottingham [(1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 811, 13-31] for electron transport through a mobile pool of quinone predicts that, under certain conditions, the normal linear dependence of electron flow on the degree of reduction (or oxidation) of the quinone should no longer be found. These conditions can be met by reconstituted NADH: cytochrome c reductase (Complex I-III from bovine heart) when electron flow is rate-limited by a low concentration of cytochrome c. We show that, in such a system, the dependence of activity (varied by inhibition with rotenone) on the steady-state level of quinone reduction is indeed non-linear and very closely accounted for by the theory.
Terminal Protocols (1980)

Terminal protocols provide basic services for the users of computer networks. This paper presents a survey of the architecture and mechanisms used in current terminal protocols. The paper disusses both parametric terminal protocols such as the CCITT X.3, X.28, and X.29 and virtual terminal protocols, such as the ARPANET TELNET protocol. Many of the problems encountered in terminal protocols recur in more complex forms in the more sophisticated protocols.
1 - 8-GHz GaN-based power amplifier using flip-chip bonding (1999)

We report the first gallium nitride (GaN)-based broad-band power amplifier. The circuit was fabricated on an AlN substrate using AlGaN-GaN power high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), grown on sapphire substrates, which were flip-chip bonded for thermal management. The amplifier employed a modified traveling-wave power amplifier (TWPA) topology that eliminated the backward wave of conventional TWPAs. Using four HEMTs each with 0.75-μm gate length and 0.75-mm gate periphery, a small-signal gain of /spl sim/7 dB was obtained with a bandwidth of 1-8 GHz. At mid-band, an output power of 3.6 W was obtained when biased at V/sub ds/=18 V and 4.5 W when biased at V/sub ds/=22 V.
Rapid Isolation of Antigens from Cells with A Staphylococcal Protein A-Antibody Adsorbent: Parameters of the Interaction of Antibody-Antigen Complexes with Protein A (1975)

The Cowan I strain of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has been used as an adsorbent for antibodies complexed with radiolabeled antigens from cell lysates. This application is advanced as a superior alternative to other methods of immune precipitation for the isolation of antigens. It exploits the high adsorption capacity for IgG molecules by protein A molecules on the cell walls of certain strains of staphylococci, along with the advantageous sedimentation properties of the bacteria. The interaction of immune complexes with the adsorbent was defined initially using a model system of bovine serum albumin with a high excess of rabbit anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies (IgG). The uptake of immune complexes under these conditions was extremely rapid, occurring within seconds, whereas maximum binding of free IgG was much slower. In addition, once bound the complexed antigen could not be displaced from the adsorbent either by large amounts of normal IgG or by extra free antibody. Antigen could be eluted almost completely from the inert adsorbent for analytic or preparative purposes with a variety of solvent systems, such as the detergent SDS in combination with urea and high temperature, and neutral salts with strong lyotropic salting in properties. The efficacy of the protein A-antibody adsorption technique was tested in direct comparisons with a conventional double antibody precipitation method for the isolation of mouse lymphocyte IgM. The bacterial adsorbent not only had a distinct advantage in speed of antigen isolation, but analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS also revealed consistently higher antigen recoveries, lower levels of background radioactivity, and an absence of other cell components which may nonspecifically bind to and complicate analyses using conventional immune precipitates.
Effect of Inhaled Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and a Neutral Endopeptidase Inhibitor on Histamine-Induced Bronchoconstriction (1995)

The reduced ability of inhaled compared with intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to modify bronchial reactivity and tone may be due to degradation of the peptide by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) within the airways. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the effect of thiorphan, an NEP inhibitor, on the protection afforded by inhaled ANP against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in 10 mildly asthmatic patients. Pretreatment with ANP alone attenuated the bronchoconstrictor response to histamine with a mean (SEM) maximum percent fall in FEV1 after histamine of 15.9 (2.9) (p < 0.05) compared with 24 (2.9) after placebo and 24 (4) after pretreatment with thiorphan alone. Prior inhalation of thiorphan greatly enhanced the ANP effect: the mean maximum percent fall after this combination was 5.1 (2.3) (p < 0.01, compared with ANP alone). Our results suggest that airway NEP is important in modulating the effect of inhaled ANP. It may be possible to exploit the guanylyl cyclase pathway, by which ANP acts, in the treatment of asthma by the administration of ANP analogues stable to neutral endopeptidase.
Graphite Nanoplatelet Reinforcement of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers (2005)

Thin graphite nanoplatelets synthesized by an intercalation/exfoliation process are incorporated into a polymer fiber matrix by an electrospinning process, creating ultrafine nanocomposite fibrils (see Figure). Uniform nanofibers of average diameter 300 nm show a modest increase in thermal stability with increasing weight percentage of graphite nanoplatelets. The mechanical properties of the fibrils are examined, and the normalized Young's modulus is found to increase two-fold upon addition of 4 wt.-% graphite nanoplatelets.
Insulin can regulate GLUT4 internalization by signaling to Rab5 and the motor protein dynein (2001)

Insulin stimulates glucose transport by promoting translocation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface. This movement is accomplished by stimulation of GLUT4 exocytosis as well as inhibition of endocytosis. However, the molecular mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. In this study, we found that the GTP-binding protein Rab5 physically associated with the motor protein dynein in immunoprecipitants from both untransfected cells and cells transfected with GFP-Rab5 constructs. Microinjection of anti-Rab5 or anti-dynein antibody into 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased the basal level of surface GLUT4, did not change the insulin-stimulated surface GLUT4 level, and inhibited GLUT4 internalization after the removal of insulin. Photoaffinity labeling of Rab5 with [gamma-(32)P]GTP-azidoanilide showed that insulin inhibited Rab5-GTP loading. By using microtubule-capture assays, we found that insulin also caused a significant decrease in the binding of dynein to microtubules. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 inhibited the effects of insulin on both Rab5-GTP loading and dynein binding to microtubules. In conclusion, these data indicate that insulin signaling inhibits Rab5 activity and the interaction of dynein with microtubules in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner, and that these effects may inhibit the rate of GLUT4 internalization. As such, our results present a previously uncharacterized insulin-signaling pathway involving Rab5, the motor protein dynein, and the cytoskeleton to regulate directional GLUT4 movement, facilitating GLUT4 distribution to the cell surface.
Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Nephrectomy, Interleukin-2 and Cytokine-Primed or CD8(+) Selected Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes from Primary Tumor (1997)

These results demonstrate that immunotherapy with radical nephrectomy, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and IL-2 provides substantial clinical benefit in the majority of patients. Component cellular therapy with enriched cell fractions allows the administration of a more standardized cell product. The present results with nephrectomy, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and IL-2 are encouraging, and a randomized clinical trial of nephrectomy, CD8(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, plus IL-2 versus nephrectomy and IL-2 alone is currently in progress.
Lifestreams (1996)

We contend that managing one's own electronic world can be a frustrating task for most computer users, re- quiring too many separate applications, too many file transfers and format translations, the invention of too many pointless names and the construction of organi- zational hierarchies that too quickly become obsolete. What is needed is a metaphor and system for organiz- ing the electronic bits of paper we all so easily collect, whether we create them ourselves or they come to us in the form of email, downloaded images, web pages, or scheduling reminders. Lifestreams is such a system.
Pharmacokinetics and effects of recombinant human erythropoietin after intravenous and subcutaneous injections in healthy volunteers (1990)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the pharmacokinetics and safety of multiple doses of recombinant human erythropoietin [rHuEPO 150 or 300 U/kg either by intravenous (IV) bolus or subcutaneously (SC)] in normal male subjects demonstrated that rHuEPO had a dose- related effect on the hematocrit independent of the route of administration and that multiple doses of rHuEPO had no direct pressor effects. When rHuEPO was injected IV, a monoexponential decrease in serum EPO level was evident for 18 to 24 hours postdose. Absorption of SC injected rHuEPO occurred more slowly, with relatively low serum EPO levels being maintained for 48 hours. All rHuEPO antibody titer determinations were negative. With the exception of significant increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit, no clinically significant changes occurred. No hypertensive, convulsive, or thrombotic events were observed. Of the adverse experiences observed in 10 subjects, none was considered clinically significant, and none of the subjects dropped out because of adverse experiences.
Computer Assisted Collimation Gamma Camera: A New Approach to Imaging Contaminated Tissues (2000)

Measurement systems with the capability of imaging tissues contaminated with radioactive materials would find relevant applications in medical physics research and possibly in health physics. The latter in particular depends critically on the performance achieved for sensitivity and spatial resolution. An original approach of computer assisted collimation gamma camera (French acronym CACAO) which could meet suitable characteristics has been proposed elsewhere. CACAO requires detectors with high spatial resolution. The present work was aimed at investigating the application of the CACAO principle on a laboratory testing bench using silicon detectors made of small pixels.
Mucosal Barrier in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease (2013)

Background. The mucus layer in the gastrointestinal tract plays important role in host innate defense, regulation of secretion, and absorption processes, maintaining colonization resistance, which composes the integrity of protective mucus barrier in the large intestine. Investigations of mucin expression in the colon mucosa can improve the understanding of protective function of mucosal barrier in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Materials and Methods. 77 patients with UC and CD were examined. Histological analysis of colon mucosa was done by standard method (haematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue at pH 1.0 and 2.5 to determine sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, and goblet cells). To characterize the mucus production the PAS-reaction was performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal mouse antibodies raised against MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, and TFF3 (USBiological, USA). Results. The moderate expression of MUC2 and MUC3 (50.0% and 32.1%, P = 0.03) and high expression of MUC4 and TFF3 in the colon mucosa were observed in all patients with CD. The intensive labeling of MUC4 and TFF3 occurred more often (42.9% and 57.1%, P = 0.03) in patients with CD. The level of expression of secretory MUC2 and transmembrane MUC3 and MUC4 in all patients with UC was low, up to its complete absence (59.2% and 53.1% cases, P = 0.05). TFF3 expression had high and medium staining intensity in patients with UC. Conclusions. Different types of mucins synthesis, secretion, and expression were found in patients with UC and CD. The expression of mucin MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, and TFF3 correlated with the activity of disease and the extent of the inflammatory process in the large intestine. The most pronounced alteration of mucins expression was observed in patients with severe UC and CD.