gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal complex polymer for second harmonic generation and electroluminescence applications (1997)

We report the second harmonic generation and electroluminescent (EL) properties of a soluble metal complex polyurethane (PU). The PU was prepared by the reaction of a zinc Schiff base with 4,4′-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate. The polymer film has been effectively poled under a corona field and its linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were characterized. The results indicated that the NLO effects of the polymer are mainly originated in the distorted coordination tetragonals formed by the central zinc atoms and coordination atoms. The polymer shows strong photoluminescence under a ultraviolet-lamp illumination and can be used as a luminescent material for EL devices.
Improving the latency of 802.11 hand-offs using neighbor graphs (2004)

The 802.11 IEEE Standard has enabled low cost and effective wireless LAN services (WLAN). With the sales and deployment of WLAN based networks exploding, many people believe that they will become the fourth generation cellular system (4G) or a major portion of it. However, the small cell size of WLAN creates frequent hand-offs for mobile users. If the latency of these hand-offs is high, as previous studies have shown, then the users of synchronous multimedia applications such as voice over IP (VoIP) will experience excessive jitter. The dominating factor in WLAN hand-offs has been shown to be the discovery of the candidate set of next access points. In this paper, we describe the use of a novel and efficient discovery method using neighbor graphs and non-overlap graphs. Our method reduces the total number of probed channels as well as the total time spent waiting on each channel. Our implementation results show that this approach reduces the overall probe time significantly when compared to other approaches. Furthermore, simulation results show that the effectiveness of our method improves as the number of non-overlapping channels increases, such as in the 5 GHz band used by the IEEE 802.11a standard.
Synergistic stimulatory effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (7–36) amide and glucose‐dependent insulin‐releasing polypeptide on the endocrine rat pancreas (1989)

The interaction of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulin-releasing polypeptide (GIP) on insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas was studied. The GLP-1 stimulated (0.5 nmol/l), glucose-induced (6.7 mmol/l) insulin secretory answer was enhanced by GIP (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 nmol/l) to the arterial perfusate. This effect was maximal at 1 nmol/l GIP and smaller but still significant at 0.1 nmol/l GIP. The high GIP concentration of 10 nmol/l GIP did not further increase insulin secretion compared to the stimulation by 1 nmol/l GIP. Our data demonstrate an additive synergistic effect of GLP-1 and GIP on the glucose-induced insulin release. This supports the concept of an action "in concert' of gastrointestinal incretin hormones postprandially released on the endocrine pancreas to guarantee adequate insulin answers after meals.
Therapeutic Potential of Glycolipid Ligands for Natural Killer (NK) T Cells in the Suppression of Autoimmune Diseases (2005)

NKT cells emerge as important regulatory cells in autoimmune responses. Abnormalities in the numbers and functions of natural killer T (NKT) cells have been observed in patients with autoimmune diseases as well as in a variety of mouse strains that are genetically predisposed for development of autoimmune diseases. Unlike conventional T cells that recognize peptides in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC), NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I-like protein, CD1d. Recently, we and other groups have demonstrated that administration of glycolipid ligands such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GC ) or its sphingosine truncated derivative, OCH suppressed autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), diabetes in NOD mice and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by inducing T helper (Th) 2 bias of autoimmune T cells. OCH is a unique ligand to stimulate NKT cells to selectively produce Th2 cytokines whereas alpha-GC induces both interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, and is more beneficial for treatment of a wide variety of Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases. The lack of polymorphism of CD1d and cross-reactive responses of mouse and human NKT cells to the same ligand indicates that targeting NKT cells with this ligand may be an attractive means for intervening in human autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present review will focus on the potential roles of NKT cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the recent advances in glycolipid therapy for autoimmune disease models. The molecular mechanism of OCH-induced Th2-selective cytokine secretion will also be discussed.
Genetic polymorphism of the inhibitory IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIb is not associated with clinical outcome in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab (2009)

Polymorphisms of activating FcgammaRIIIa (CD16) and FcgammaRIIa (CD32a) have been found to predict rituximab response, probably because of the relative efficiency of different FcgammaR variants in performing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The inhibitory FcgammaRIIb (CD32b) has an opposing effect on effector cells. Here, we examined whether an FcgammaRIIb 232 isoleucine (I)/threonine (T) polymorphism predicts rituximab response in 101 patients with follicular lymphoma. Eighty-four patients were 232 I/I, 15 were 232 I/T and two were 232 T/T. The response rate was similar among the three groups. The 2-year progression free survival (PFS) and median time to progression (TTP) were not different between I/I and I/T groups. The TTP was not determined in T/T group because of small number of patients. The FcgammaRIIIa 158 V/V and FcgammaRIIa 131 H/H genotypes continued to emerge as independent predictors for higher response rate and longer TTP. This study is the first to determine whether inhibitory FcgammaRIIb play a role in rituximab's anti-tumor effect in humans.
Sleep mode implementation issues in green base stations (2010)

In this paper, we focus on practical issues when implementing sleep mode in base stations. Our aim being to reduce energy consumption without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) perceived by users, we expose some problems that my occur when applying sleep mode and propose practical solutions to cope with the resulting QoS degradation. We namely consider activation time issue that may result in blocking new or handover calls, and the ping-pong effect resulting in unnecessary ON/OFF oscillations. We show, using a realistic large-scale simulator, how to choose sleep mode implementation that achieves the best tradeoff between QoS preservation and energy consumption reduction.
Biodistribution of Fracture-Targeted GSK3β Inhibitor-Loaded Micelles for Improved Fracture Healing (2015)

Bone fractures constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly. Complications associated with osteoporosis drugs and the age of the patient slow bone turnover and render such fractures difficult to heal. Increasing the speed of fracture repair by administration of a fracture-targeted bone anabolic agent could find considerable application. Aspartic acid oligopeptides are negatively charged molecules at physiological pH that adsorb to hydroxyapatite, the mineral portion of bone. This general adsorption is the strongest where bone turnover is highest or where hydroxyapatite is freshly exposed. Importantly, both of these conditions are prominent at fracture sites. GSK3β inhibitors are potent anabolic agents that can promote tissue repair when concentrated in a damaged tissue. Unfortunately, they can also cause significant toxicity when administered systemically and are furthermore difficult to deliver due to their strong hydrophobicity. In this paper, we solve both problems by conjugating the hydrophobic GSK3β inhibitor to a hydrophilic aspartic acid octapeptide using a hydrolyzable bond, thereby generating a bone fracture-targeted water-soluble form of the drug. The resulting amphiphile is shown to assemble into micelles, extending its circulation time while maintaining its fracture-targeting abilities. For measurement of pharmacokinetics, an 125I was introduced at the location of the bromine in the GSK3β inhibitor to minimize any structural differences. Biodistribution studies demonstrate a greater than 4-fold increase in fracture accumulation over healthy bone.
Oxidative C−C Bond-Forming Reaction of Electron-Rich Alkylbenzyl Ether with Trimethylvinyloxysilane (2004)

Treatment of an electron-rich benzyl ether with DDQ at ambient temperature followed by addition of a silyl enol ether undergoes a C-C bond-forming reaction to afford 3-alkoxy-3-phenyl-propionyl compound. This is a general reaction and works well with a variety of silyl enol ethers to give carbonyl products in yields ranging from 10 to 85%.
Sacituzumab for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: the poster child of future therapy? (2018)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that disproportionately impacts younger women and is associated with a poor prognosis. Systemic treatment options for metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) are limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy agents with low response rates. This encouraged the clinical development of sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), an antibody-drug conjugate targeting Trop-2, a potential target in epithelial cancer such as TNBC. Areas covered: We summarize the key features, pharmacokinetics, and the safety and efficacy data of sacituzumab govitecan. We also discuss the future directions of this novel therapeutic agent for mTNBC. Expert opinion: Based on the efficacy and tolerability observed in the phase 1/2 clinical trial, sacituzumab govitecan was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the Food and Drug Administration as ≥3<sup>rd</sup> line therapy for mTNBC. Novel treatment modalities for the management of mTNBC are necessary to improve the care of this aggressive disease. Sacituzumab govitecan represents an important advance in the treatment of mTNBC because of its efficacy and tolerability.
Born a Eunuch - Harmful Inheritance Practices and Human Rights (2003)

The Italians say "nascere con la camicia" (to be born with the shirt); the Spanish say "nacer de pie" (to be born standing up); and the Basque say "hortzekin jaio" (to be born with teeth).The Navajo equivalent of being "born with a silver spoon" translates as being born "with a hand underneath" the person, and that "coddled" person is frowned
The TINA service session graph: a generic call model for multi-media services (2002)

Current IN services are basically services which provide additional capabilities-added value-to telephony calls. Therefore, IN services operate on top of the basic call model for single-connection 2-party-calls. Multiparty calls are provided by IN as an "addendum" to the "normal" basic call. In future broadband networks the basic call is expected to evolve to support multi-party multi-media and multi-connection features. In order to deal with the complexity of such a service, it is necessary to decompose the service and model it as a set of manageable elements. TINA has worked on the definition of an information model which could be used as the basis for the definition of such a future basic call model. This model is referred to as the service session graph. The article covers some TINA basics; session decomposition; and the service session graph.
Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays (1983)

The effect of mutual coupling between array elements on the performance of adaptive arrays is examined. The study includes both steady state and transient performance. An expression for the steady state output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of adaptive arrays, taking into account the mutual coupling between the array elements, is derived. The expression is used to assess the steady state performance of adaptive arrays. The transient response is studied by computing the eigenvalues associated with the signal covariance matrix. The steering vector required to maximize the output SINR of Applebaum-type adaptive arrays in the presence of mutual coupling is also given.
Mechanisms of Action of and Resistance to Antitubulin Agents: Microtubule Dynamics, Drug Transport, and Cell Death (1999)

Although it is widely accepted that antitubulin agents block cell division by inhibition of the mitotic spindle, the mechanism of action of antitubulin agents on microtubules remains to be determined. The classic approach is that vinca alkaloids depolymerize microtubules, thereby increasing the soluble tubulin pool, whereas taxanes stabilize microtubules and increase the microtubular mass. More recent data suggest that both classes of agents have a similar mechanism of action, involving the inhibition of microtubule dynamics. These data suggest that vinca alkaloids and taxanes may act synergistically as antitumor agents and may be administered as combination chemotherapy in the clinic. However, enhanced myeloid and neurologic toxicity, as well as a strong dependence on the sequence of administration, presently exclude these combinations outside the context of clinical trials. Although the multidrug resistance phenotype mediated by Pgp appears to be an important mechanism of resistance to these agents, alterations of microtubule structure resulting in altered microtubule dynamics and/or altered binding of antitubulin agents may constitute a significant mechanism of drug resistance.
Short wheat challenge is a reproducible in-vivo assay to detect immune response to gluten (2012)

It has been reported that interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting T cells reactive to gluten can be detected in the peripheral blood of individuals with treated coeliac disease (CD) after a short consumption of wheat-containing food. By contrast, very little is known about the reproducibility of this in-vivo procedure in the same patient cohort which underwent two, or more, gluten consumptions. Fourteen coeliac patients in remission consumed wheat bread for 3 days; 13 underwent a second gluten challenge after a wash-out of 3-10 months on a strict gluten-free diet. Immune reactivity to gluten was analysed in peripheral blood by detecting IFN-γ before and 6 days after commencing a gluten diet. Gliadin-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells increased significantly on day 6 of the first challenge. These cells resulted as prevalently human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ restricted and with a phenotype of gut homing, as suggested by the expression of β7-integrin. Similarly, reactiveness to gliadin was observed after the second wheat consumption, although with an individual variability of responses at each challenge. Our findings confirmed that the short wheat challenge is a non-invasive approach to investigate the gluten-related immune response in peripheral blood of subjects intolerant to gluten. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the in-vivo procedure can be reproduced in the same subject cohort after a gluten wash-out of at least 3 months. Our study has important implications for the application of this procedure to clinical practice.
Implementing Prenatal Diagnosis Based on Cell-Free Fetal DNA: Accurate Identification of Factors Affecting Fetal DNA Yield (2011)

When samples can be processed within eight hours of blood draw, K(3)EDTA tubes can be used. Prolonged transfer times in K(3)EDTA tubes should be avoided as the proportion of fetal DNA present decreases significantly; in these situations the use of cell stabilising tubes is preferable. The DNA extraction kit used may influence success rate of diagnostic tests.
Shedded neuronal ICAM-5 suppresses T-cell activation (2008)

Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) bind to leukocyte beta2 integrins, which, among other functions, provide costimulatory signals for T-cell activation. ICAM-5 (telencephalin) is expressed in the somadendritic region of neurons of the mammalian brain. The receptor for ICAM-5 is the integrin LFA-1, a major leukocyte integ-rin expressed in lymphocytes and microglia. In conditions of brain ischemia, epilepsy, and encephalitis, the soluble form of ICAM-5 (sICAM-5) has been detected in physiologic fluids. Here, we report that sICAM-5 attenuates the T-cell receptor-mediated activation of T cells as demonstrated by the decreased expression of the activation markers CD69, CD40L, and CD25 (IL-2R). This effect is most clearly seen in CD45ROLow (naive), and not in CD45ROHigh (memory) T cells, and is most effective early in priming, but not in the presence of strong costimulatory signals. Furthermore, sICAM-5 promotes the mRNA expression of the cytokines TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma, but not TNF. The formation of sICAM-5 is promoted by activated T cells through the cleavage of ICAM-5 from neurons. This suggests that ICAM-5 is involved in immune privilege of the brain and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Travellers in many guises: The origins and destinations of dendritic cells (2002)

The migratory behaviour of dendritic cells (DC) is tightly linked to their differentiation state. Precursor DC constitutively repopulate normal tissues from the bloodstream, and are recruited in elevated numbers to sites of inflammation. Whilst maturing in response to antigenic stimulation, DC acquire the capability to enter lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels, thus facilitating their presentation of antigen to naïve T cells. Peripheral blood monocytes constitute a second DC precursor population, which during an inflammatory response are recruited to the affected site where some differentiate into functional DC. The availability of separate DC precursor populations is thought to be significant for the character, amplification and perpetuation of the resultant immune response. In addition, the balance between steady-state trafficking of incompletely activated DC bearing self-antigens from the periphery, and the migration of fully mature DC from inflammatory sites into lymph nodes might have profound effects upon tolerance induction and activation of T cells, respectively.
Antibacterial Activity Directed Isolation of Compounds from Punica granatum (2007)

Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of pomegranate fruit following antibacterial activity directed isolation led to the isolation of pelargonidin-3-galactose, cyanidin-3-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin. All these compounds exhibited substantial activity against species of corynebacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Salmonella, Vibrio cholera, and Escherichia coli. However, all these compounds were more active against Gram-positive species. On comparing the activity of all the isolated pure compounds, it was found that gallic acid showed the highest antibacterial activity against all the tested sensitive strains and the activity of the remaining pure compounds was almost same due to the structural similarities of the compounds. The reason for antibacterial activity of all pure compounds was attributed to their phenolic structure.
Eosinophilia in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1996)

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently are said to have eosinophilia. To evaluate this assumption, the differential blood cell counts of 855 HIV-infected patients were examined over 4 years. All differential cell lines in the HIV-infected population were less than those in a noninfected control group, but the difference was much less pronounced for eosinophils than for the other blood cell components. For HIV-infected patients, the eosinophil count increased and the other blood cell components decreased as the CD4 cell count decreased. The increase in eosinophils was the result of eosinophilia in a subgroup of patients and a preservation of that cell line for the other patients. No etiologic agent was associated with eosinophilia; hence, HIV infection itself may induce proliferation of eosinophils while other cell components are declining.
Temporal Transition of Mechanical Characteristics of HUVEC/MSC Spheroids Using a Microfluidic Chip with Force Sensor Probes (2016)

In this paper, we focus on the mechanical characterization of co-cultured spheroids of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (HUVEC/MSC spheroids). HUVEC/MSC spheroids aggregate during culture, thereby decreasing in size. Since this size decrease can be caused by the contractility generated by the actomyosin of MSCs, which are intracellular frames, we can expect that there is a temporal transition for the mechanical characteristics, such as stiffness, during culture. To measure the mechanical characteristics, we use a microfluidic chip that is integrated with force sensor probes. We show the details of the measurement configuration and the results of mechanical characterization of the HUVEC/MSC spheroids. To evaluate the stiffness of the spheroids, we introduce the stiffness index, which essentially shows a spring constant per unit size of the spheroid at a certain time during measurement. From the measurement results, we confirmed that the stiffness index firstly increased during the days of culture, although after four days of culture, the stiffness index decreased. We confirmed that the proposed system can measure the stiffness of HUVEC/MSC spheroids.
Modeling and evaluation of MIMO systems exploiting channel reciprocity in TDD mode (2005)

The advanced knowledge of forward link channel information enables the optimal transmit waveform to be designed for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna system to exploit the channel's characteristics fully. The reciprocal property of the radio channel makes time division duplex (TDD) an attractive air interface design since the forward link channel information can be derived from the reverse link signal without any explicit feedback. Among the many practical factors that may invalidate the channel reciprocity in TDD mode, this paper focuses on those that are associated with the mismatches among the radio frequency (RF) circuits in the many transmit/receive chains. With a simple model, the sources for the RF mismatches are identified and their calibration requirements are established using simulation.