gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Topical Therapies in the Management of Cutaneous Disease (2004)

Within the last decade, healthcare providers have had a larger selection of effective novel topical immunomodulatory agents to treat many dermatologic conditions. Novel mechanisms of action of newer topical agents have facilitated differentiation from well-established topical agents such as corticosteroids and 5-fluorouracil. Further, because of a growing understanding of the immune mechanisms within the skin, the opportunity has arisen to use the body's immune system to effectively treat many dermatologic conditions, such as condyloma acuminata, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and atopic dermatitis, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. Imiquimod 5% cream, an immune response modifier, is safe and effective in the treatment of condyloma acuminata, actinic keratosis, and primary superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC). Pimecrolimus cream 1% and tacrolimus ointment (0.1% and 0.03%) are safe and effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. This review highlights newer data on approved and investigational indications for these topical immunomodulatory agents.
Mutual coupling between rectangular dielectric resonator antennas by FDTD (1999)

The mutual coupling between aperture-coupled rectangular dielectric resonator antennas is analysed using the finite-difference time-domain method. The perfectly matched layer is used as absorbing boundary conditions. The voltage excitation source of microstrip structure is based on a simple model, in which the source plane or the terminal plane can be moved very close to the discontinuity so that the computational domain can be reduced substantially. Numerical results are verified by measurements and good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. The method is highly efficient for the analysis of DR array antennas.
Role of Interleukin 10 Transcriptional Regulation in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease (2012)

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties that plays a central role in limiting host immune response to pathogens, thereby preventing damage to the host and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of IL-10 is associated with enhanced immunopathology in response to infection as well as increased risk for development of many autoimmune diseases. Thus a fundamental understanding of IL-10 gene expression is critical for our comprehension of disease progression and resolution of host inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss modes of regulation of IL-10 gene expression in immune effector cell types, including signal transduction, epigenetics, promoter architecture, and post-transcriptional regulation, and how aberrant regulation contributes to immunopathology and disease progression.
Long-term outcome of treatment with infliximab in 614 patients with Crohn's disease: results from a single-centre cohort (2008)

In this large real-life cohort of patients with CD, long-term treatment with IFX was very efficacious to maintain improvement during a median follow-up of almost 5 years and changed disease outcome by decreasing the rate of hospitalisations and surgery.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances cytolytic activity of human natural killer cells. (1987)

The effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha) on human natural killer (NK) function was examined. Lysis of both the NK-sensitive K562 erythroleukemia line and the relatively insensitive renal carcinoma line Cur by nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly enhanced as a result of an 18-hr preincubation with either rTNF alpha or recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2). When cells were preincubated with rTNF alpha and low doses of rIL 2 (1 to 10 U/ml), marked additional augmentation of lysis of both targets was noted which was greater than that caused by either cytokine alone. Similar results were observed when responses of CD16+ large granular lymphocytes selected with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter after staining with the NK-specific monoclonal antibody Leu-11 were examined, indicating that the action of the cytokines was directly on the cytotoxic cells. Augmentation of tumor cell lysis could not be ascribed to a cytolytic activity of rTNF alpha on the targets, because no combination of rIL 2, rTNF alpha, or interferon-gamma caused lysis of K562 or Cur. By flow cytometric analysis, it was found that expression of IL 2 receptors was induced on purified CD16+ large granular lymphocytes by rTNF alpha alone and to an even greater degree by the combination of rTNF alpha and rIL 2. Additional analysis of the expression of surface antigens and blocking studies with monoclonal antibodies showed that enhanced tumor cell lysis was not caused by the augmentation of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1-mediated effector/target interactions. These data indicate that rTNF alpha alone, or in combination with rIL 2, directly augments NK cytotoxic activity.
Genetic variation in putative regulatory loci controlling gene expression in breast cancer (2006)

Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for associations to an unselected whole genome pool of tumor mRNA transcripts in 50 unrelated patients with breast cancer. SNPs were selected from 203 candidate genes of the reactive oxygen species pathway. We describe a general statistical framework for the simultaneous analysis of gene expression data and SNP genotype data measured for the same cohort, which revealed significant associations between subsets of SNPs and transcripts, shedding light on the underlying biology. We identified SNPs in EGF, IL1A, MAPK8, XPC, SOD2, and ALOX12 that are associated with the expression patterns of a significant number of transcripts, indicating the presence of regulatory SNPs in these genes. SNPs were found to act in trans in a total of 115 genes. SNPs in 43 of these 115 genes were found to act both in cis and in trans. Finally, subsets of SNPs that share significantly many common associations with a set of transcripts (biclusters) were identified. The subsets of transcripts that are significantly associated with the same set of SNPs or to a single SNP were shown to be functionally coherent in Gene Ontology and pathway analyses and coexpressed in other independent data sets, suggesting that many of the observed associations are within the same functional pathways. To our knowledge, this article is the first study to correlate SNP genotype data in the germ line with somatic gene expression data in breast tumors. It provides the statistical framework for further genotype expression correlation studies in cancer data sets.
Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. XXXVII. Synthesis and rearrangements of substituted 5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. XXXVII. Synthesis and rearrangements of substituted 5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepineR. Ian Fryer, James V. Earley, and Leo H. SternbachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 12, 3798–3803Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01287a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (749 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Active Feedback Control Using Adaptive Filtering (2004)

In this paper we apply a filtered-X algorithm to an active feedback control structure and derive the transfer function of a closed-loop control system. Simulation studies are then carried out on the closed-loop property while varying the parameters (input frequency, delays in plant, amplitude and phase of modeling filter). Several properties of adaptive feedback control are revealed. Experimental studies on feedback active noise control of noise in a finite duct and a small enclosure are described, and outstanding active noise control effects are achieved. Experimental results of closed-loop frequency response are also provided.
A Comparative Analysis of Social Networking Site Use in Two Distinct Cultures: Evaluating the IT-Culture Conflict (2013)

The popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) continues to grow worldwide, however, with varying acceptance in different regions. This study examines the effects of both culture and gender on the intention to use an SNS. The study compares users from Saudi Arabia, a culture known to be driven by conservative religious values known to influence acceptance and use of new technologies to students from the United States (US), a culture which has been recognized as being more individualistic in behavior. An online survey was used to collect data from both Saudi and US Facebook users. The interaction of gender and culture was found to have an impact on the determinants of intention to use. The strongest effect was found with Saudi females and the beliefs regarding self-presentation through the use of personal images.
Highly Variable Patterns of Linkage Disequilibrium in Multiple Soybean Populations (2007)

Prospects for utilizing whole-genome association analysis in autogamous plant populations appear promising due to the reported high levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD). To determine the optimal strategies for implementing association analysis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), we analyzed the structure of LD in three regions of the genome varying in length from 336 to 574 kb. This analysis was conducted in four distinct groups of soybean germplasm: 26 accessions of the wild ancestor of soybean (Glycine soja Seib. et Zucc.); 52 Asian G. max Landraces, the immediate results of domestication from G. soja; 17 Asian Landrace introductions that became the ancestors of North American (N. Am.) cultivars, and 25 Elite Cultivars from N. Am. In G. soja, LD did not extend past 100 kb; however, in the three cultivated G. max groups, LD extended from 90 to 574 kb, likely due to the impacts of domestication and increased self-fertilization. The three genomic regions were highly variable relative to the extent of LD within the three cultivated soybean populations. G. soja appears to be ideal for fine mapping of genes, but due to the highly variable levels of LD in the Landraces and the Elite Cultivars, whole-genome association analysis in soybean may be more difficult than first anticipated.
Diagnosis of early Lyme disease by polymerase chain reaction amplification and culture of skin biopsies from erythema migrans lesions (1992)

Current laboratory diagnosis of Lyme disease relies on tests for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of the disease. These tests are often unreliable because of a lack of sensitivity and specificity and test-to-test variability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for detection of B. burgdorferi in skin biopsy specimens. Forty-six 2-mm skin biopsy samples were obtained from 44 patients with a clinical diagnosis of erythema migrans, 9 of whom were receiving antibiotic therapy at the time of biopsy. Specimens were ground in BSK medium with separate aliquots taken for culture and PCR. Of the specimens from the untreated group, 57% (21 of 37) were positive by culture and 22% (8 of 37) were culture negative; 22% (8 of 37) of the cultures were uninformative because of contamination. By comparison, 22 (59%) of 37 specimens were positive by PCR amplification. Of 21 culture-positive samples, 13 (62%) were also positive by PCR analysis. Thus, the sensitivity of the PCR was 59 to 62%, based on either a clinical or cultural diagnosis of untreated Lyme disease. None of the nine specimens from antibiotic-treated patients grew in culture, whereas two of the nine were positive by PCR analysis. Given the complexity and time required for culture, PCR is a promising technique for the diagnosis of early Lyme disease.
Risk of Cirrhosis and Primary Liver Cancer in Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency (1986)

Previous reports have suggested an association between homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. To assess the risk of these complications we conducted a retrospective study based on 17 autopsied cases of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency identified during the period 1963 to 1982 in the city of Malmö, Sweden. During the study period, autopsies were performed in 38,250, or 68.2 percent, of all patients in the city who died. From the homozygote frequency in the population, 21 of these were expected to have alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. The disease had been diagnosed in 20, and autopsies had been performed in 17 (1 child and 16 adults). Each autopsied case was matched with four controls selected from the same autopsy register, and the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (ORmh) was calculated. The results indicated a strong relation between alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and cirrhosis (ORmh = 7.8; 95 percent confidence limits, 2.4 to 24.7) and primary liver cancer (ORmh = 20; 95 percent confidence limits, 3.5 to 114.3). When data were stratified according to sex, these associations were statistically significant only for male patients. We conclude that men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may be at higher risk for cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The apparent male predominance suggests the additive effects of exogenous factors.
A Selective Ahead-Of-Time Compiler on Android Device (2012)

The runtime environment of Android is based on its own Java Virtual Machine(JVM) called Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) which is said to be having overhead of interpreting every bytecode to machine code during runtime just like other JVMs. There are already well known techniques to overcome runtime overhead of interpreting and Google has adapted one of them which is Just-In-Time Compiler (JITC) since Android 2.2, Froyo. Google chose trace based JITC to JIT compile only the hottest of hot code by using lazy fashion with counting strategy to minimize memory usage, thus applying various optimization techniques during JIT compilation to generate more efficient machine code is limited. In order to minimize runtime interpreting and compiling overhead, here a selective Ahead-Of-Time Compiler (AOTC) which generates machine code at static compile time with abundant optimization techniques for the selected hot methods by profiling will be introduced. The experimented results show that AOT compiling hot methods at static compile time and letting the others to aim the benefit of runtime JITC gives 5% of performance upgrade in average on ARM11 600MHz target environment.
Pathways Implicated in Tadalafil Amelioration of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

Numerous therapeutic approaches for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD and BMD), the most common X-linked muscle degenerative disease, have been proposed. So far, the only one showing a clear beneficial effect is the use of corticosteroids. Recent evidence indicates an improvement of dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscles in the presence of sustained cGMP levels secondary to a blocking of their degradation by phosphodiesterase five (PDE5). Due to these data, we performed a study to investigate the effect of the specific PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on dystrophic skeletal muscle function. Chronic pharmacological treatment with tadalafil has been carried out in mdx mice. Behavioral and physiological tests, as well as histological and biochemical analyses, confirmed the efficacy of the therapy. We then performed a microarray-based genomic analysis to assess the pattern of gene expression in muscle samples obtained from the different cohorts of animals treated with tadalafil. This scrutiny allowed us to identify several classes of modulated genes. Our results show that PDE5 inhibition can ameliorate dystrophy by acting at different levels. Tadalafil can lead to (1) increased lipid metabolism; (2) a switch towards slow oxidative fibers driven by the up-regulation of PGC-1α; (3) an increased protein synthesis efficiency; (4) a better actin network organization at Z-disk.
Evidence for interstrand quadruplex formation in the dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus 1 genomic RNA. (1993)

Retroviruses package two homologous single-stranded RNA genomes within a gag protein-RNA complex. In mature virion particles, the two RNA strands are thought to associate primarily through direct RNA-RNA interactions, although the structural basis for this stable association is unknown. We now report that a 127-nucleotide (nt) HIV-1NL4-3 RNA fragment (positions 732-858) encompassing the 5' end of the gag gene dimerizes spontaneously under high ionic strength conditions in the absence of any protein cofactor. The HIV-1 RNA dimer is dramatically and specifically stabilized by the monovalent cation potassium. Thermal dissociation of the dimer occurs at 80 degrees C in 100 mM K+ (5 mM Mg2+) but at significantly lower temperatures in the presence of either smaller or larger monovalent cations (100 mM Li+, 40 degrees C; 100 mM Na+, 55 degrees C; 100 mM Cs+, 30 degrees C). Deletion analyses of the 3' end of the 127-nt fragment reveal that an HIV-1 RNA fragment as short as 94 nt (732-825) can dimerize spontaneously, but a further 9-base deletion of the purine-rich sequence, GGGGGAGAA from positions 817 through 825, eliminates dimerization. These experimental results support a model in which HIV-1 RNA dimerizes by forming an interstrand quadruple helix stabilized by guanine (and/or purine)-base tetrads in analogy to the well-known dimerization of telomeric DNA. We speculate that this structure may also mediate the association of genomic HIV-1 RNA in vivo, revealing how RNA itself can achieve the self-recognition required for subsequent genetic recombination.
Organically Modified Silica Nanoparticles Are Biocompatible and Can Be Targeted to Neurons In Vivo (2012)

The application of nanotechnology in biological research is beginning to have a major impact leading to the development of new types of tools for human health. One focus of nanobiotechnology is the development of nanoparticle-based formulations for use in drug or gene delivery systems. However most of the nano probes currently in use have varying levels of toxicity in cells or whole organisms and therefore are not suitable for in vivo application or long-term use. Here we test the potential of a novel silica based nanoparticle (organically modified silica, ORMOSIL) in living neurons within a whole organism. We show that feeding ORMOSIL nanoparticles to Drosophila has no effect on viability. ORMOSIL nanoparticles penetrate into living brains, neuronal cell bodies and axonal projections. In the neuronal cell body, nanoparticles are present in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus. Strikingly, incorporation of ORMOSIL nanoparticles into the brain did not induce aberrant neuronal death or interfered with normal neuronal processes. Our results in Drosophila indicate that these novel silica based nanoparticles are biocompatible and not toxic to whole organisms, and has potential for the development of long-term applications.
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and α4 integrin are important for migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells into lymph nodes (2002)

Malignant lymphocyte migration into lymph nodes is an important aspect of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), yet little is known about the processes involved. Here we demonstrate that CLL cells migrate across vascular endothelium in response to at least 3 chemokines, namely, CCL21, CCL19, and CXCL12. Moreover, transendothelial cell migration (TEM) in response to CCL21 and CCL19 was significantly higher for the malignant B cells of patients who had clinical lymph node involvement as compared with those of patients lacking such organomegaly. Furthermore, the expression of CCR7, the receptor for both CCL21 and CCL19, correlated with clinical lymphadenopathy, and blocking of CCR7 inhibited CLL cell TEM. By using immunohistochemistry we demonstrated that CCL21 and CCL19, but not CXCL12, are located in high endothelial venules and are, therefore, in an appropriate location to induce TEM. Regarding the adhesion receptors involved in TEM, alpha4 (most likely in association with beta1) and alphaLbeta2 were shown to be important in CLL cell TEM in vitro, but only the level of alpha4 expression correlated with the presence of clinical lymphadenopathy. The present studies are the first to shed light on the factors determining CLL cell entry into nodes and define the phenotype of circulating malignant cells likely to determine the pattern of lymph node enlargement in the disease.
Integrating recommendation models for improved web page prediction accuracy (2008)

Recent research initiatives have addressed the need for improved performance of Web page prediction accuracy that would profit many applications, e-business in particular. Different Web usage mining frameworks have been implemented for this purpose specifically Association rules, clustering, and Markov model. Each of these frameworks has its own strengths and weaknesses and it has been proved that using each of these frameworks individually does not provide a suitable solution that answers today’s Web page prediction needs. This paper endeavors to provide an improved Web page prediction accuracy by using a novel approach that involves integrating clustering, association rules and Markov models according to some constraints. Experimental results prove that this integration provides better prediction accuracy than using each technique individually.
Bactericidal Antibody Responses Elicited by a Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine with Overexpressed Factor H–Binding Protein and Genetically Attenuated Endotoxin (2008)

The data illustrate the potential to develop a broadly immunogenic native OMV vaccine that has decreased endotoxin activity and is potentially suitable for testing in humans.