gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms, TGF-? receptor type II, and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured human corneal and limbal fibroblasts by amniotic membrane matrix (1999)

Down-regulation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling system is a strategy for preventing scarring during wound healing. Human corneal and limbal fibroblasts were cultured on the stromal matrix side of preserved human amniotic membrane. The levels of TGF-beta1, beta2, and beta3 and TGF-beta type II receptor transcripts and TGF-beta1 and beta2 proteins were suppressed as early as 8 hr and more dramatically at 24 hr after contact with an amniotic membrane. This suppressive effect was accompanied by down-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin, EDA spliced form of fibronectin, and integrin alpha5. It persisted even when challenged by 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1. In contrast with their counterparts grown on plastic or in collagen gel, such suppression in amniotic membrane cultures remained complete after 1 week of culturing. Cells cultured on amniotic membrane showed significantly reduced [3H]-thymidine incorporation compared to cells cultured on plastic and displayed no DNA fragmentation. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which the TGF-beta signaling system, DNA synthesis, and subsequent myofibroblast differentiation can be suppressed by an amnionic membrane matrix. This action explains in part the antiscarring results of amniotic membrane transplantation used for ocular surface reconstruction, a surgical technique applicable to other subspecialties. It may also explain in part why fetal wound healing is scarless.
Application of Wireless Sensor Networks for Greenhouse Parameter Control in Precision Agriculture (2011)

The technological development in Wireless Sensor Networks made it possible to use in monitoring and control of greenhouse parameter in precision agriculture. In last decades there have been tremendous advancements in technology for agriculture and growth of final yield. Due to uneven natural distribution of rain water it is very crucial for farmers to monitor and control the equal distribution of water to all crops in the whole farm or as per the requirement of the crop. There is no ideal irrigation method available which may be suitable for all weather conditions, soil structure and variety of crops cultures. Green house technology may be the best solution for this solution. All the parameters of greenhouse require a detailed analysis in order to choose the correct method. It is observed that farmers have to bear huge financial loss because of wrong prediction of weather and incorrect irrigation method to crops. In this contest with the evolution in wireless sensor technologies and miniaturized sensor devices, it is possible to uses them for automatic environment monitoring and controlling the parameters of greenhouse, for Precision Agriculture (PA) application. In this paper, we have proposed and analyse the use of Programmable System on Chip Technology (PSoC) as a part of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to monitor and control various parameter of green house.
Red blood cell survival in patients with Hodgkin's disease (1971)

Red blood cell (RBC) survival studies were performed in a series of 22 consecutive patients with Hodgkin's disease. T 1/2 values ranged from 23 to 45 days, with an average of 32.6 ± 7.1 days. Seventy-three percent of the patients had values within the normal limits established in the laboratory (36.6 ± 4.3 days). No correlation was found between T 1/2 values and age, sex, or other laboratory findings such as hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, leukocyte, and eosinophil counts. Some degree of association was observed between RBC survival and stage of the disease. Early stages of the disease had normal T 1/2 values, whereas half of the cases in advanced stages of the disease had a decreased RBC survival.
Prognostic value of mesothelin expression in patients with triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancers (2015)

Expression of mesothelin was observed in 42.3% of patients with TNBC and demonstrated a strong association with tumor grade. However, its expression was not correlated with prognosis.
TAZ Expression as a Prognostic Indicator in Colorectal Cancer (2013)

The Hippo pathway restricts the activity of transcriptional coactivators TAZ (WWTR1) and YAP. TAZ and YAP are reported to be overexpressed in various cancers, however, their prognostic significance in colorectal cancers remains unstudied. The expression levels of TAZ and YAP, and their downstream transcriptional targets, AXL and CTGF, were extracted from two independent colon cancer patient datasets available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, totaling 522 patients. We found that mRNA expressions of both TAZ and YAP were positively correlated with those of AXL and CTGF (p<0.05). High level mRNA expression of TAZ, AXL or CTGF significantly correlated with shorter survival. Importantly, patients co-overexpressing all 3 genes had a significantly shorter survival time, and combinatorial expression of these 3 genes was an independent predictor for survival. The downstream target genes for TAZ-AXL-CTGF overexpression were identified by Java application MyStats. Interestingly, genes that are associated with colon cancer progression (ANTXR1, EFEMP2, SULF1, TAGLN, VCAN, ZEB1 and ZEB2) were upregulated in patients co-overexpressing TAZ-AXL-CTGF. This TAZ-AXL-CTGF gene expression signature (GES) was then applied to Connectivity Map to identify small molecules that could potentially be utilized to reverse this GES. Of the top 20 small molecules identified by connectivity map, amiloride (a potassium sparing diuretic), and tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid) have shown therapeutic promise in inhibition of colon cancer cell growth. Using MyStats, we found that low level expression of either ANO1 or SQLE were associated with a better prognosis in patients who co-overexpressed TAZ-AXL-CTGF, and that ANO1 was an independent predictor of survival together with TAZ-AXL-CTGF. Finally, we confirmed that TAZ regulates Axl, and plays an important role in clonogenicity and non-adherent growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. These data suggest that TAZ could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
Asynchronous stream modeling for large vocabulary audio-visual speech recognition (2001)

Addresses the problem of audio-visual information fusion to provide highly robust speech recognition. We investigate methods that make different assumptions about asynchrony and conditional dependence across streams and propose a technique based on composite HMMs that can account for stream asynchrony and different levels of information integration. We show how these models can be trained jointly based on maximum likelihood estimation. Experiments, performed for a speaker-independent large vocabulary continuous speech recognition task and different integration methods, show that best performance is obtained by asynchronous stream integration. This system reduces the error rate at a 8.5 dB SNR with additive speech "babble" noise by 27 % relative over audio-only models and by 12 % relative over traditional audio-visual models using concatenative feature fusion.
[Infarction in the area of the right anterior choroidal artery and minor hemisphere syndrome: clinical and metabolic study using positron-emission tomography]. (1995)

A 72 year-old right handed woman had a right sided anterior choroidal artery infarction. She presented the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia, and homonymous hemianopsia, as well as complete non-determinant hemisphere syndrome that combined: disorientation for place and time, anosognosia, hemiasomatognosia, left spatial neglect, constructional apraxia and spatial fabulation concerning both the present time and the weeks that preceded the vascular event. Language and verbal memory were normal. Spatial memory could not be studied because of the severity of the neglect. The clinical course was poor: when tested one and a half year post-onset, the hemiplegia, the hemianaesthesia, and the hemianopsia as well as left spatial neglect remained severe. Vestibular caloric stimulation, carried out with left ear cold water irrigation, resulted in brief but clear-cut alleviation of the spatial neglect. An MRI with both axial and coronal slices showed a right-sided infarct affecting the whole posterior limb of the internal capsule including the genu, the posterior part of the globus pallidus, the anterior third of the cerebral peduncle and the amygdala but sparing the thalamus and the corona radiata. This crescent-shaped lesion transected entirely the thalamo-cortical connection fibers which resulted in a "thalamic exclusion". The measurement of brain glucose utilisation with (18F)-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and positron emission tomography performed in the chronic phase (3 months post-onset) showed an exceptionally severe and widespread hypometabolism of the right hemisphere, relative to the left hemisphere, which correlated with both the unusual, severe and protracted non-dominant hemisphere syndrome. All the brain regions on the right side were hypometabolic relative to the left including the temporal region (mostly medial temporal), the left cerebellar lobe, the frontal lobe (mostly prefrontal region), the occipital region and the thalamus. The hypometabolism of the basal ganglia, the sensorimotor area and the parietal cortex was less severe. This most uncommon clinical-metabolic presentation presumably reflects a global thalamo-cortical disconnection inducing a diffuse dysfunction of the whole hemisphere.
CD44 Involvement in Autoimmune Inflammations (2007)

CD44 is a multistructural and multifunctional glycoprotein, the diversity of which is generated by alternative splicing. In this communication we review some aspects related to CD44 structure and function in experimental autoimmune inflammation, focusing on research performed in our own laboratory. We have found that CD44 targeting by antibody, passively injected into DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and NOD mice with type I diabetes or actively generated by CD44 cDNA vaccination of SJL/j mice with autoimmune encephalomyelitis, markedly reduced the pathological manifestations of these diseases by attenuating cell migration of the inflammatory cells and/or by their apoptotic killing. However, genetic deletion of CD44 by knockout technology enhanced the development of CIA because of molecular redundancy mediated by RHAMM (a receptor of hyaluronan-mediated motility). The mechanisms that stand behind these findings are discussed.
Development and characterization of a novel rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus UCD-T2DM rat (2008)

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing, creating a need for T2DM animal models for the study of disease pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. The purpose of this project was to develop a rat model of T2DM that more closely models the pathophysiology of T2DM in humans. The model was created by crossing obese Sprague-Dawley rats with insulin resistance resulting from polygenic adult-onset obesity with Zucker diabetic fatty-lean rats that have a defect in pancreatic beta-cell function but normal leptin signaling. We have characterized the model with respect to diabetes incidence; age of onset; longitudinal measurements of glucose, insulin, and lipids; and glucose tolerance. Longitudinal fasting glucose and insulin data demonstrated progressive hyperglycemia (with fasting and fed glucose concentrations >250 and >450 mg/dl, respectively) after onset along with hyperinsulinemia resulting from insulin resistance at onset followed by a progressive decline in circulating insulin concentrations, indicative of beta-cell decompensation. The incidence of diabetes in male and female rats was 92 and 43%, respectively, with an average age of onset of 6 mo in males and 9.5 mo in females. Results from intravenous glucose tolerance tests, pancreas immunohistochemistry, and islet insulin content further support a role for beta-cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of T2DM in this model. Diabetic animals also exhibit glycosuria, polyuria, and hyperphagia. Thus diabetes in the UC Davis-T2DM rat is more similar to clinical T2DM in humans than in other existing rat models and provides a useful model for future studies of the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of T2DM.
Radiation Damping in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (1982)

Theoretical calculations are presented which show that the enhancement predicted by the particle plasmon model of surface-enhanced Raman scattering is limited by radiation damping. The damping becomes more severe as particle size increases, while the enhancement produced by small particles is limited by surface scattering. Good agreement between theory and experimental measurements of the wavelength dependence of surface-enhanced Raman scattering on lithographically produced microstructures is found when radiation damping is taken into account.
Integrating back, history and bookmarks in web browsers (2001)

Most Web browsers include Back, History and Bookmark facilities that simplify how people return to previously seen pages. While useful, these three facilities all operate on quite different underlying models, which undermines their usability. Our alternative revisitation system uses a single model of a recency-ordered history list to integrate Back, History and Bookmarks. Enhancements include: Back as a way to step through this list; implicit and explicit 'dog-ears' to mark pages on the list (replacing Bookmarks); searching/filtering the list through dynamic queries; and visual thumbnails to promote page recognition.
Imaging prostate cancer with 11C-choline PET/CT. (2006)

11C-Choline PET/CT can accurately detect and locate major areas with PCa and differentiate segments with PCa from those with benign hyperplasia, chronic prostatitis, or normal prostate tissue. The maximal tumoral 11C-choline uptake is related to pT stage.
Exogenous glutamine: The clinical evidence (2007)

We know that critically ill patients suffering from undernutrition with a limited nutritional reserve have a poorer outcome. Furthermore, having a low body mass index has been shown to be an independent predictor of excess mortality in multiple organ failure. Therefore, nutritional support has gained increasing interest in critical illness with the hope of preventing or attenuating the effects of malnutrition. A negative nitrogen balance is the characteristic metabolic feature in critical illness, with the major protein loss derived from skeletal muscle. In particular, glutamine concentrations are rapidly reduced in plasma and muscle. Over the last 20 yrs or so, increasing evidence is emerging to support the use of glutamine supplementation in critical illness. Clinical trials have found a mortality and morbidity advantage with glutamine supplementation. The advantage appears to be greater the more glutamine is given and greater again when given parenterally. Various modes of action have been postulated. Glutamine seems to have an effect on the immune system, antioxidant status, glucose metabolism, and heat shock protein response. However, the benefit of exogenous glutamine on morbidity and mortality is not universally accepted. This review critically appraises the current clinical evidence regarding glutamine supplementation in critical illness.
Influence of the critically ill state on host-pathogen interactions within the intestine: Gut-derived sepsis redefined (2003)

Severe and prolonged states of catabolic stress have been shown to have profound effects on the intestinal tract microflora and intestinal function. Gut-derived sepsis is a term used to describe a state of systemic inflammation with organ dysfunction after severe catabolic stress hypothesized to be initiated and perpetuated by the intestinal tract microflora. Popular notions of the mechanism of this process have suggested that stress promotes the translocation of intestinal bacteria or their toxins into the systemic compartment resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines which participate in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This review is an attempt to redefine the mechanism of gut-derived sepsis by focusing on molecular events that result from host-pathogen interactions within the intestinal tract itself. This evidence-based review posits that gut-derived bacteremia, even with potent nosocomial pathogens, is an event of low proinflammatory potential and, itself, is an insufficient stimulus for the systemic inflammatory response and organ failure state typically seen after severe and prolonged catabolic stress. Mechanisms of this apparent paradox are discussed.
Electrolytic polishing of copper and nickel silver (1965)

Electrolytic polishing was used to obtain 4 types of surfaces on copper and nickel silver (alloy D). A 50% orthophosphoric acid bath was used, and the necessary operating conditions to obtain these surfaces were established. In accordance with current electropolishing theory, the existence of the anode viscous layer and anode surface film was observed, and their role in the polishing process is discussed. By means of metallurgical techniques and surface profile measurements, the 4 types of surfaces are significantly different, and good reproducibility of these surfaces is obtainable. -- AATA
Database of homology‐derived protein structures and the structural meaning of sequence alignment (1991)

The database of known protein three-dimensional structures can be significantly increased by the use of sequence homology, based on the following observations. (1) The database of known sequences, currently at more than 12,000 proteins, is two orders of magnitude larger than the database of known structures. (2) The currently most powerful method of predicting protein structures is model building by homology. (3) Structural homology can be inferred from the level of sequence similarity. (4) The threshold of sequence similarity sufficient for structural homology depends strongly on the length of the alignment. Here, we first quantify the relation between sequence similarity, structure similarity, and alignment length by an exhaustive survey of alignments between proteins of known structure and report a homology threshold curve as a function of alignment length. We then produce a database of homology-derived secondary structure of proteins (HSSP) by aligning to each protein of known structure all sequences deemed homologous on the basis of the threshold curve. For each known protein structure, the derived database contains the aligned sequences, secondary structure, sequence variability, and sequence profile. Tertiary structures of the aligned sequences are implied, but not modeled explicitly. The database effectively increases the number of known protein structures by a factor of five to more than 1800. The results may be useful in assessing the structural significance of matches in sequence database searches, in deriving preferences and patterns for structure prediction, in elucidating the structural role of conserved residues, and in modeling three-dimensional detail by homology.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency* (2000)

More than 90% of cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH, the inherited inability to synthesize cortisol) are caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Females with severe, classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency are exposed to excess androgens prenatally and are born with virilized external genitalia. Most patients cannot synthesize sufficient aldosterone to maintain sodium balance and may develop potentially fatal "salt wasting" crises if not treated. The disease is caused by mutations in the CYP21 gene encoding the steroid 21-hydroxylase enzyme. More than 90% of these mutations result from intergenic recombinations between CYP21 and the closely linked CYP21P pseudogene. Approximately 20% are gene deletions due to unequal crossing over during meiosis, whereas the remainder are gene conversions--transfers to CYP21 of deleterious mutations normally present in CYP21P. The degree to which each mutation compromises enzymatic activity is strongly correlated with the clinical severity of the disease in patients carrying it. Prenatal diagnosis by direct mutation detection permits prenatal treatment of affected females to minimize genital virilization. Neonatal screening by hormonal methods identifies affected children before salt wasting crises develop, reducing mortality from this condition. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement are the mainstays of treatment, but more rational dosing and additional therapies are being developed.
Ophthalmic Molecular Genetics (2004)

The identification of novel RLBP1 mutations in 1 of our 3 probands, all with RPA, is further evidence of genetic (nonallelic) heterogeneity in this disease. The presence of round white deposits in the retina may be observed in those heterozygous for RLBP1. Clinical Relevance Patients with a clinical presentation of RPA can have genetically different mutations. Drusen-like lesions may be observed in heterozygotes in families with this disease and a mutation in RLBP1.
128 x 128 CMOS photodiode-type active pixel sensor with on-chip timing, control, and signal chain electronics (1995)

A 128 X 128 element CMOS active pixel image sensor (APS) with on-chip timing, control, and signal chain electronics has been designed, fabricated and tested. The chip is implemented in 1.2 micrometers n-well process with a 19.2 micrometers pixel pitch. The sensor uses a photodiode-type CMOS APS pixel with in-pixel source follower, row selection and reset transistors. The sensor operates from a +5 V supply and requires only a clock signal to produce video output. The chip performs correlated double sampling (CDS) to suppress pixel fixed pattern noise, and double delta sampling (DDS) to suppress column fixed pattern noise. The on-chip control circuitry allows asynchronous control of an inter frame delay to adjust pixel integration. On-chip control is also provided to select the readout of any size window of interest.
Optimum and suboptimum frame synchronization for pilot-symbol-assisted modulation (1997)

Pilot-symbol-assisted modulation (PSAM) is a method to reduce the effects of fading in mobile communications by periodically inserting known symbols in the data stream. The receiver uses these pilot symbols to derive its amplitude and phase reference. One aspect of this procedure which has not received much attention in the literature is the method used by the receiver to locate the pilot symbols. This paper uses optimum frame synchronization techniques to develop two synchronizers for PSAM systems; one is based on a standard maximum likelihood (ML) estimation formulation, and the other is a sequential testing algorithm. Both methods use a simple quadratic correlation filter with an energy correction factor. Simulation results and a theoretical analysis are presented.