gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secretion of lipoprotein lipase by macrophages in culture. (1981)

Cultured macrophages were shown to synthesize and constitutively secrete a triglyceride lipase identified as lipoprotein lipase on the basis of the following criteria: 1) it required apolipoprotein C-II for optimal activity; 2) it exhibited maximal activity at pH 8.2; 3) it was inhibited by 1 M NaCl; 4) it bound tightly to a heparin-Sepharose affinity gel and was eluted with buffer containing 1.5 M NaCl; and 5) the quantity of enzyme released from macrophages was enhanced by heparin. Cycloheximide treatment of macrophage cultures blocked the spontaneous secretion of lipoprotein lipase. Macrophage secretion of lipoprotein lipase may be relevant to the role of this cell in atherogenesis.
Radar observations of field-aligned plasma propagations associated with NASA's PMG experiment (1994)

NASA's Plasma Motor Generator (PMG) tethered satellite mission was launched in June 1993 to verify the ability of hollow cathode plasma sources to couple electric currents from an electrodynamic tether into the ambient ionospheric plasma. This large-scale coupling process resulted in turbulent plasma signatures associated with the orbiting plasma generator, which propagated over great distances along the earth's geomagnetic field lines. VHF radars in Hilo, Hawaii and Jicamarca, Peru recorded observations of these field- aligned disturbances as part of the experiment. Based on analysis of these radar observations and tracking data of PMG's orbit, the effective propagation velocity of these traveling plasma waveforms was calculated to be of the order of 1000 meters per second. Detection of these disturbances, associated with PMG's passage overhead, supports the existence of a phantom current loop allowing current flow along the magnetic field lines of the earth and into the lower ionosphere from either end of an electrodynamic tether.
Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969)

Part I. A Theory of Speech Acts: 1. Methods and scope 2. Expressions, meaning and speech acts 3. The structure of illocutionary acts 4. Reference as a speech act 5. Predication Part II. Some Applications of the Theory: 6. Three fallacies in contemporary philosophy 7. Problems of reference 8. Deriving 'ought' from 'is' Index.
Enhancement of Phosphorescence of Ir Complexes Bound to Conjugated Polymers:  Increasing the Triplet Level of the Main Chain (2006)

Conjugated fluorene-alt-pyridine and fluorene-alt-thiophene polymers containing phosphorescent iridium complexes have been synthesized. Exchanging the 2,5-linked pyridine group with the 3,4-linked thiophene group resulted in a blue shift in the absorption and emission spectra of the conjugated polymers. Upon incorporation of the thienyl unit, phosphorescent quantum yields of films increased from 0.05 to 0.20 and electrophosphorescent external quantum efficiencies increased from 0.32 to 0.84%. These results are attributed to raising the triplet energy of the main chain polymer, with respect to the Ir phosphor, thereby reducing quenching of the phosphor by the main chain.
Genetic immunization for the melanoma antigen MART-1/Melan-A using recombinant adenovirus-transduced murine dendritic cells. (1997)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that process and present antigenic peptides and are capable of generating potent T-cell immunity. A murine tumor model was developed to evaluate methods of genetic immunization to the human MART-1/Melan-A (MART-1) melanoma antigen. A poorly immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma line (NFSA) was stably transfected with the MART-1 gene. This transfected tumor [NFSA(MART1)] grows progressively in C3Hf/Kam/Sed (H-2k) mice. Partial protection against a challenge with NFSA(MART1) could be achieved with i.m. injections of a MART-1 expression plasmid or with systemic administration of an adenovirus vector expressing MART-1. However, superior protection was achieved when granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor/interleukin-4-differentiated murine DCs transduced with an adenovirus vector expressing MART-1 were used for immunization. Both partial and complete protection could be achieved with i.v. administration of MART-1-engineered DCs. Splenocytes from immunized mice contained MHC class 1-restricted CTLs specific for MART-1. This preclinical model of genetic immunization supports a therapeutic strategy for human melanoma.
Antibiotic administration to patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes does not eradicate intra-amniotic infection (2007)

(1) Antibiotic administration (ceftriaxone, clindamycin, and erythromycin) rarely eradicates intra-amniotic infection in patients with preterm PROM; (2) intra-amniotic inflammation developed in one-third of patients who did not have inflammation at admission, despite antibiotic administration; (3) a sub-group of patients with documented inflammation of the amniotic cavity demonstrated a decrease in the intensity of the inflammatory process after antibiotic administration.
Impairment of V(D)J Recombination in Double-Strand Break Repair Mutants (1993)

Cells maintain the integrity of their genome through an intricate network of repair systems that recognize and remove lesions from DNA. The only known site-directed recombination process in vertebrates is the V(D)J recombination of lymphocyte antigen receptor genes. A large panel of cell lines deficient in DNA repair were tested for the ability to perform V(D)J recombination after introduction of the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes. Two mutants failed to generate normal V(D)J recombination, and further analysis provided evidence for two distinct nonlymphoid-specific genes that encode factors involved in both DNA repair and V(D)J recombination.
Glucokinase Mutations, Insulin Secretion, and Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays a key role in glucose sensing by the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells, and mutations in the gene encoding this enzyme are a common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a form of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal-dominant inheritance and onset before 25 years of age. Twenty-eight different mutations in this gene have been identified in subjects with MODY. Clinical studies have shown that subjects with MODY due to mutations in glucokinase have elevated fasting and postprandial glucose levels with normal first-phase insulin secretory responses to intravenous glucose injection and normal insulin secretion rates over a 24-h period. However, the dose-response curve relating glucose and insulin secretion rate obtained during graded intravenous glucose infusions was shifted to the right in subjects with glucokinase mutations, indicating decreased sensitivity to glucose. In normal subjects, the beta-cell was most sensitive to an increase in glucose concentration between 5.5 and 6.0 mM, whereas in patients with glucokinase mutations, the maximum responsiveness was increased to 6.5 to 7.5 mM glucose. These studies indicate that glucokinase is an important component of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta-cell.
Amine precursor therapy: Manipulation of brain amine activity with precursor amino acid (1997)

Amine precursor therapies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and their neurochemical background are reviewed historically. Furthermore, peculiar or artificial amino acids, which are metabolized into the brain amines or their derivatives and promised their clinical application of treatment for morbid conditions, are also introduced.
Nucleotide sequence and characteristics of a Ty element from yeast (1985)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a complete yeast Ty element (Ty-pY109) which is located near a tRNA(Lys1) gene. The element is 5912 bp in length; the internal domain is flanked by two identical delta sequences of 331 bp. Ty-pY109 contains two large open reading frames (ORFs) which overlap by 38 bp; the putative proteins consist of 440 and 1328 amino acid residues, respectively. The organisation of the coding sequences in Ty resembles that found in retroviral proviruses and the copia-like elements in Drosophila. Partial homologies have been found between Ty-ORF1 and tnpA from Tn3, and Ty-ORF2 and a reverse transcriptase-like domain (1,2).
Hardmask technology for sub-100 nm lithographic imaging (2003)

The importance of hardmask technology is becoming increasingly evident as the demand for high-resolution imaging dictates the use of ever-thinner resist films. An appropriately designed etch resistant hardmask used in conjunction with a thin resist can provide the combined lithographic and etch performance needed for sub-100 nm device fabrication. We have developed a silicon-based, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) prepared material that performs both as an antireflective coating (ARC) and a hardmask and thus enables the use of thin resists for device fabrication. This ARC/hardmask material offers several advantages over organic bottom antireflective coatings (BARC). These benefits include excellent tunability of the material's optical properties, which allows superior substrate reflectivity control, and high etch selectivity to resist, exceeding 2:1. In addition, this material can serve as an effective hardmask etch barrier during the plasma etching of dielectric stacks, as the underlying silicon oxide etches eight times faster than this material in typical fluorocarbon plasma. These properties enable the pattering of features in 1-2 &mu;m dielectric stacks using thin resists, imaging that would otherwise be impossible with conventional processing. Potential extendibility of this approach to feature sizes below 100nm has been also evaluated. High resolution images as small as 50nm, have been transferred into a 300nm thick SiO<sub>2</sub> layer by using Si ARC/hardmask material as an etch mask. Lithographic performance and etch characteristics of a thin resist process over both single layer and index-graded ARC/hardmask materials will be shown.
The use of maleic anhydride for the reversible blocking of amino groups on polypeptide chains (1969)

1. Maleic anhydride was shown to react rapidly and specifically with amino groups of proteins and peptides. Complete substitution of chymotrypsinogen was achieved under mild conditions and the extent of reaction could be readily determined from the spectrum of the maleyl-protein. 2. Maleyl-proteins are generally soluble and disaggregated at neutral pH. Trypsin splits the blocked proteins only at arginine residues and there is frequently selectivity in this cleavage, e.g. in yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and pig glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. 3. The group is removed by intramolecular catalysis at acid pH. The half-time was 11-12hr. at 37 degrees at pH3.5 in in-maleyl-lysine or in maleyl-chymotrypsinogen. 4. The unblocking reaction can be used as the basis for a ;diagonal'-electrophoretic separation of lysine peptides and N-terminal peptides, as shown by studies with beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
Development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for detection and subtyping of cholix toxin variant genes of Vibrio cholerae (2014)

Cholix toxin (ChxA) is an exotoxin reported in Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139. Apart from its prototype (ChxA I) we have recently identified two novel variants of this toxin, ChxA II and ChxA III. Our previous investigations indicated that the first two variants may instigate extra-intestinal infections and ChxA II can be more lethal than ChxA I in mice. However, all three cholix toxins (ChxA I to III) failed to show any enterotoxicity in rabbit ileal loops. In this study we developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to differentiate all three chxA variants to further understand the importance of each subtype. By using 53 V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains harbouring chxA genes, which were previously categorized by sequencing, and various other strains as negative controls, the PCR-RFLP assay showed 100 % typability and specificity. Furthermore, when applied to differentiate additional V. cholerae strains, which were also screened for the chxA gene by colony hybridization, this assay identified chxA I and chxA II genes among 18.5 % and 4.5 % of non-O1/non-O139 strains (n = 178), respectively. One non-O1/non-O139 strain was untypable due to the insertion of an IS911-like element. Interestingly, the chxA I gene was detected in 10 out of 137 cholera toxin gene-negative V. cholerae O1 strains. These results suggest that the PCR-RFLP assay developed in this study can be a rapid and simple method to differentiate the chxA subtypes.
Suptavumab for the Prevention of Medically Attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants (2020)

NCT02325791.
Polysaccharide drug delivery systems based on pectin and chitosan (2010)

Chitosans and pectins are natural polysaccharides which show great potential in drug delivery systems. Chitosans are a family of strongly polycationic derivatives of poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This positive charge is very important in chitosan drug delivery systems as it plays a very important role in mucoadhesion (adhesion to the mucosal surface). Other chitosan based drug delivery systems involve complexation with ligands to form chitosan nanoparticles with can be used to encapsulate active compounds. Pectins are made of several structural elements the most important of which are the homogalacturonan (HG) and type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) regions often described in simplified terms as the "smooth" and "hairy" regions respectively. Pectin HG regions consist of poly-glacturonic acid residues which can be partially methyl esterified. Pectins with a degree of methyl esterification (DM) > 50% are known as high methoxyl (HM) pectins and consequently low methoxyl (LM) pectins have a DM less than 50%. Low methoxyl pectins are of particular interest in drug delivery as they can form gels with calcium ion (Ca2+) which has potential applications especially in nasal formulations. In this chapter we will discuss the physicochemical properties of both chitosans and pectins and how these translate to current and potential drug delivery systems.
Metro ethernet - deploying the extended campus using ethernet technology (2004)

Ethernet has been one of the most influential technologies for local area networks (LANs) and is now getting ready for deployment in metropolitan and wide area networks. Activities in the standard bodies reflect the new role of Ethernet - often referred to as "metro or WAN Ethernet ". ITU, IEEE and IETF are all working on solutions that not only expand the reach of Ethernet, but also enable new, innovative services. Starting with a brief look at the driving forces for metro Ethernet this paper will identify four canonical services for Ethernet MAN/WAN and discuss related deployment issues of the different service options. Topics such as security, routing protocol effects and multicast distribution, QoS, and layer-2 inter-working was discussed in the context of point-to-point and multipoint Ethernet services. The paper concludes with a look at redundancy and loop avoidance for large layer-2 provider networks - including a discussion of the current approaches in VPLS as well as new proposals, which lead to a generic solution for redundancy in large layer-2 provider networks.
Possible False-Positive Metastatic Prostate Cancer on an In-111 Capromab Pendetide Scan as a Result of a Pelvic Kidney (1999)

A 61-year-old man who had a radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate 8 months before now had a Gleason score of 9 and a prostate-specific antigen level that had increased to 0.6 since the surgery. An In-111 capromab pendetide scan was ordered to determine the presence and extent of disease. SPECT images of the pelvis showed asymmetric uptake in the left posterior pelvis suggestive of metastatic disease in the left internal iliac nodes. Correlation with the preoperative CT images revealed a low-lying pelvic kidney in this location, which explained this worrisome appearance.
ECG manifestations of myocardial ischemia (1980)

Exercise ECG is widely used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The most common ECG sign of myocardial ischemia is flat or down-sloping ST-segment depression of 1.0 mm or greater. This report draws attention to other much less common, but possibly equally important, ECG manifestations of myocardial ischemia. Serial ECGs obtained during the treadmill stress test of a 40-year-old man with angiographically proven coronary artery disease exhibited virtually all known ECG signs of ischemia, namely, ST-segment depression, ST-segment elevation and alternans, intraventricular conduction abnormalities, and U-wave inversion.
Functional domains of the 67-kDa laminin receptor precursor. (1991)

We report the characterization of two functional domains of the metastasis-associated 67-kDa laminin receptor (67-LR). Using synthetic peptides deduced from the cDNA sequence of the 37-kDa precursor of the laminin receptor (37-LRP) as well as their corresponding affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies, we identified a unique laminin binding site as well as a membrane-associated domain of the receptor. In laminin dot blot and solid phase radioligand assays, a 20 amino acid synthetic peptide (IPCNNKGAHSVGLMWWMLAR, amino acid residues 161-180, designated peptide G) specifically bound to laminin with high affinity (Kd = 5 x 10(-8) M). Peptide G also specifically eluted the 67-LR from a laminin affinity column. Peptide G and laminin reacted with a 1:1 stoichiometry, suggesting that there is one recognition site on laminin for the peptide G domain. Immunofluorescence studies, performed on permeabilized and nonpermeabilized human A2058 melanoma cells using 10 different affinity-purified antibodies to distinct regions of the 37-LRP, identified an unusually short membrane-associated domain that was consistent with a computer predicted transmembrane domain (residues 86-101). Our data demonstrate for the first time that the 37-LRP has two functional domains consistent with the characteristics of the mature 67-LR. Furthermore, we propose peptide G as a potential inhibitor of tumor cell interactions with laminin.
Effects of Ca2+ and K+ channel blockers on nerve impulses recorded from guinea‐pig postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals. (1995)

1. A focal extracellular suction electrode was used to investigate the contributions of K+ and Ca2+ currents to the nerve impulse recorded from sympathetic nerve terminals innervating the guinea-pig vas deferens in vitro. 2. Perfusing the electrode with Cd2+ (0.1-0.5 mM) had little effect on the configuration of the nerve impulse. 3. Perfusing the electrode with Ba2+ (1-3 mM) caused the appearance of a second negative-going component of the nerve impulse. Local application of Cd2+ (0.1 mM) had little affect on this component of the nerve impulse. 4. Perfusing the electrode with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and/or tetraethylammonium (TEA) caused the appearance of a second negative-going component of the nerve impulse. This component has been termed the late negative-going component (LNC). 5. The LNC produced by local application of 1 mM 4-AP and 10 mM TEA was not changed when the solution perfusing the electrode contained no added Ca2+, 10 mM Ca2+ or omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.1 microM). Perfusion of the electrode with Cd2+ (0.1 mM) reduced the amplitude and slowed the time course of the LNC. 6. The LNC was markedly inhibited when the organ bath was perfused with TEA (10 mM) or 4-AP and TEA (1 and 10 mM, respectively). In some experiments the LNC was completely abolished. 7. The LNC was reduced in amplitude and slowed in time course when the solution perfusing the organ bath contained no added Ca2+. A similar effect on the LNC was observed when the solution perfusing the organ bath contained omega-conotoxin GVIA (0.1 microM), charybdotoxin (0.05 microM) or low concentrations of TEA (0.3-1 mM) or Ba2+ (10-500 microM). 8. Bath application of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.1-0.3 microM) did not detectably change the LNC. 9. The results demonstrate that the LNC produced by the local application of K+ blockers is due primarily to K+ efflux from sites outside the recording electrode and that a part of the change in conductance that underlies this component is due to opening of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. The failure to detect an effect of clonidine on the LNC suggests that activation of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors does not change either the K+ or the Ca2+ conductance of the nerve terminals.
Synthesis of macrocyclic tetramines by metal ion assisted cyclization reactions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of macrocyclic tetramines by metal ion assisted cyclization reactionsE. Kent. Barefield, F. Wagner, and Keith D. HodgesCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 6, 1370–1377Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50160a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50160a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Increased mRNA expression of ADAMs in renal cell carcinoma and their association with clinical outcome (2004)

ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are cell-surface proteins with adhesion and protease activity which play important roles in many biological processes. Little is known about their role in cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the quantitative expression of the ADAMs in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to associate expression levels with clinicopathological data. We investigated the mRNA expression of ADAM-8, -17, -19, -28, ADAM-TS1, and ADAM-TS2 in paired tissue samples from cancerous and non-cancerous parts of the kidneys of 27 patients with RCC who underwent tumour nephrectomy. Measurements were performed by means of the quantitative real-time RT-PCR on a LightCycler instrument. ADAM-8, -17, and -19 were significantly higher expressed (p<0.05 at least) in cancerous compared with the matched non-cancerous tissue in pT1 and > or =pT2 tumours, ADAM-28 and ADAM-TS2 only in pT1 tumours, and ADAM-TS1 was not differently expressed. All ADAMs except ADAM-TS1 showed an increase of expression in the non-cancerous tissue with rising pT stage suggesting an early involvement of ADAMs in the development of RCC. The expression of ADAM-8 was related to a shorter survival of patients and was the best predictor of distant metastases. Our results indicate a potential role for ADAMs in RCC and that the overexpression might be a useful predictive tool.