gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Migration of primed human eosinophils across cytokine-activated endothelial cell monolayers (1992)

Eosinophils are known to adhere to cytokine-activated endothelium. Whereas transendothelial migration for neutrophils is an inevitable consequence of this endothelial-dependent adherence, this has not yet been shown for eosinophils. By means of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE) grown to confluence on microporous filters as an in vitro model of leukocytic migration across postcapillary venules, we have characterized the conditions leading to endothelium-driven transmigration of blood eosinophils from normals and from patients with allergic asthma. Freshly isolated eosinophils from nonallergic donors adhered to interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-activated HUVE, but did not penetrate these monolayers. In contrast, eosinophils from allergic asthma patients showed an increased adherence and transmigration capacity. This increased functional competence was not caused by a difference in density phenotype, because the eosinophils from both groups showed a comparable density distribution over discontinuous Percoll gradients. Moreover, no difference existed within one group among eosinophils harvested from the Percoll density bands 1.080, 1.085, and 1.090 g/mL in terms of transendothelial migration. In vitro cultivation of freshly isolated eosinophils from nonallergic individuals in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-3 induced a stepwise decrease of the density distribution over such gradients. In contrast, eosinophils from patients with allergic asthma directly shifted to a final density of 1.075 g/mL within 24 hours of culture. Notwithstanding the kinetics of density changes, eosinophils from nonallergic donors already expressed the capacity to transmigrate IL-1-activated HUVE monolayers 20 hours after cultivation with different combinations of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5. Inhibition studies with monoclonal antibodies showed that endothelium-driven transmigration of eosinophils predominantly implicates CD11/CD18 structures on the eosinophil surface, whereas no significant inhibition was found with the anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody HP2/1. From cytofluorometric studies, we conclude that spontaneous transmigration of eosinophils from allergic asthma patients is not accompanied by quantitative upregulation of these antigens. Taken together, these results allow the conclusion that blood eosinophils from allergic asthma patients have undergone in vivo priming, mimicked in vitro by cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5, leading to induction of the capacity to migrate across cytokine-activated HUVE monolayers.
ER stress is involved in Aβ‐induced GSK‐3β activation and tau phosphorylation (2008)

Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, one of the characteristic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. The abnormal tau phosphorylation seems to be related to altered activity of kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). Tau pathology is thought to be a later event during the progression of the disease, and it seems to occur as a consequence of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide accumulation. The aim of this work was to investigate whether soluble Abeta1-42, particularly oligomers that correspond to the neurotoxic species involved early in the development of AD, triggers tau phosphorylation by a mechanism involving activation of tau-kinase GSK-3beta. Several studies suggest that GSK-3beta plays a central role in signaling the downstream effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, the involvement of ER Ca(2+) release in GSK-3beta activation and tau phosphorylation induced by Abeta1-42 oligomers was evaluated using dantrolene, an inhibitor of Ca(2+) release through channels associated with ER ryanodine receptors. We observed that Abeta1-42 oligomers increase tau phosphorylation and compromises cell survival through a mechanism mediated by GSK-3beta activation. We also demonstrated that oligomeric Abeta1-42 induces ER stress and that ER Ca(2+) release is involved in oligomer-induced GSK-3beta activation and tau phosphorylation. This work suggests that GSK-3beta can be a promising target for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children (2019)

Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) have been studied more than any other sleep-related movement disorder in the pediatric population. A common feature to both, periodic limb movements, occurs in many other disorders and also in reportedly healthy children and adolescents. In this review, we discuss the different types of limb movements as it pertains to pediatric RLS and PLMD and provides an update on these disorders. Methods A literature search was performed with the following inclusion criteria: English publication, limb movements, leg movements, periodic limb movements of sleep, periodic limb movements during wake, PLMD, RLS, with each of the modifiers, children, pediatric, and adolescents. Identified publications were reviewed and their reference lists were searched for additional relevant publications. Results A total of 102 references were included in this review. These included epidemiological studies, prospective and retrospective studies, case series, observational data, reviews, and consensus guidelines. A critical summary of these findings is presented. Conclusion The limited evidence-based data support the importance of evaluating limb movements in the context of the clinical symptomatology presented by the child or the adolescent. Further research is needed to (1) better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in periodic limb movements as encountered in the pediatric PLMD or RLS patient and their impact on the overall health and well-being, (2) develop objective diagnostic criteria for RLS and differentiate it from its “mimics” in the pediatric population, and (3) establish evidence-based guidelines for treatment.
Room-Temperature Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Self-Healing Polymers (2012)

Polymers that respond in a productive fashion to their environment are under active development as they offer significant advantages over traditional materials. For example, polymers with the ability to self-heal and recover a significant fraction of their initial properties after being subjected to a damage event are of significant interest. Here we study the effect of healing agent viscosity and catalyst activity on self-healing at and near room temperature. The viscosity of the PDMS healing agent was varied from 14 to 40 000 cP, and the tin-based catalysts di-n-butyltin dilaurate, dimethyl-dineodacanoate tin, di-n-butyl bis(2-ethylenehexanoate), tin II oleate, and tetrakis(acetoxydibutyl tinoxy)silane were studied. Both vinyl ester and epoxy matrices were investigated. By optimizing the viscosity of the PDMS healing agent and the catalytic activity, as well as selection of the appropriate adhesion promoter, a PDMS-based self-healing system which healed at room temperature was obtained.
Difference Between Functional and Structural Integrity of Messenger RNA (1973)

Messenger RNA molecules that are structurally stable, as measured by their ability to hybridize to DNA, may nevertheless be considerably less stable in retaining their ability to function in protein synthesis. The structure of the majority of the mRNA of phage S13 decays with a half-life of 10.6 +/- 0.5 min. In contrast, much of the function of the mRNA that is involved in synthesis of a capsid protein (product of the F gene) decays rapidly with a half-life of 1.4 +/- 0.8 min; a residual amount of function decays with a half-life of 14.0 +/- 4.0 min. The measurements were made in the presence of rifampicin, which was used to prevent the formation of new mRNA. A proposed model for the functional decay is based on the polycistronic nature of the mRNA. Degradation of the mRNA would proceed in two steps: the first step would be a fast attack at a region near the 5'-terminus of each molecule that would eliminate the function of the proximal message; the second step would be a slow attack on the remaining messenger molecule precipitating a subsequent rapid degradation of the physical structure.
A new cationic liposome reagent mediating nearly quantitative transfection of animal cells. (1991)

One of the most efficient systems for the expression of genes in the cytoplasm of animal cells utilizes a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Cells infected with this virus are transfected with plasmid DNAs containing the gene to be expressed under T7 promoter control. The major limitation of this system is the efficiency with which DNA is introduced into the cell. Recently, a cationic liposome-mediated transfection reagent has yielded transfection frequencies of greater than 80%. To determine if commercially available cationic lipids could form liposomes that would yield similar transfection efficiencies, we tested liposomes prepared with five different cationic lipids. When used at appropriate concentrations in liposomes that also contained a neutral lipid, four of the five cationic lipids were effective in the transfection of HeLa cells. However, liposomes formed with the neutral lipid and one of the cationic lipids, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), gave transfection frequencies of greater than 95% and had a broad spectrum of effectiveness on a variety of cell lines. Liposomes containing DDAB are an inexpensive, highly efficient and reproducible alternative for the transfection of animal cells and are well suited for use with the vaccinia virus/T7 expression system.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Release Is Higher in Visceral than Subcutaneous Human Adipose Tissue (AT): Implication of Macrophages Resident in the AT (2005)

MCP-1 is correlated with specific macrophage markers, adiposity, and AT localization, but the relationship seems to be related to the number of AT-resident macrophages. Despite this, MCP-1 may be involved in obesity-related health complications, and the decrease of MCP-1 by metformin and thiazolidinediones suggests that these antidiabetic compounds have antiinflammatory properties improving the low-grade inflammatory state observed in obesity.
Lipid Lowering Reduces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Cell Activation in Rabbit Atheroma (2002)

These results establish that lipid lowering can reduce oxidative stress and EC activation in vivo. These mechanisms may contribute to improvement in endothelial function and plaque stabilization observed clinically.
Protein p16 as a marker of dysplastic and neoplastic alterations in cervical epithelial cells (2004)

Overexpression of the protein p16INK4a is typical for dysplastic and neoplastic epithelium of cervix uteri. However p16INK4a-negative CINs and carcinomas do exist. All stages of CINs and carcinomas analyzed are heterogeneous with respect to p16INK4a expression. So p16INK4a-negativity is not a sufficient reason to exclude a patient from the high risk group. As far as normal cervical epithelium is p16INK4a-negative and the ratio p16INK4a-positive/ p16INK4a-negative samples increases at the advanced stages application of immunohisto-/cytochemical test for p16INK4a may be regarded as a supplementary test for early diagnostics of cervical cancer.
Fatty acids and biological activities of crude extracts of freshwater algae from Sindh. (2010)

Seven blue-green and 3 green algae were collected from various freshwater habitats of Sindh, (Pakistan), during January 1997-December 1999. Their methanol extracts revealed 17 saturated, 2 monoynoic, 12 monoenoic, 5 diunsaturated, 5 triunsaturated and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), which were identified by GLC and GC-MS. Palmitoleic acid was the most commonly occurring FA, while C15:0, C16:0, C14:1 and C18:1 were the next commonly occurring acids. The unsaturated acids were found in larger proportion (46.50-70.46%) than saturated FAs (16.8239.20%). The blue-green algae did not differ much from green algae of Sindh in their FAcompositions. Their methanol extracts exhibited poor antibacterial but strong antifungal activities. They showed a significant phytotoxic activity but non-significant cytotoxic and insecticidal activities. The extract of Lyngbya hieronymusii enhanced antitumour activity from 20 to 45% with increase in the concentration of extract. Algae belonging to three phyla (Cyanophycota, Chlorophycota and Charophycota) revealed differences in their FA-compositions as well as their bioactivities.
Conference focuses on microbial enhancement of oil recovery (1982)

The conference proceedings described research developments on MEOR that have occurred during the last 2-3 years, and these are focused in the conclusions that follow: 1. The biopolymer from Xanthamonas campestris is used extensively by the petroleum industry in drilling mud preparations. 2. A biosurfactant product from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG 1 can be prepared in commercial quantities and is proposed for emulsification of crude oils which may be important for cleaning of tanks and pipelines. 3. An extracellular polysaccharide prepared from aerobic fermentation of crude oil has been developed in China and is proposed as a waterflood additive. 4. Salt-tolerant bacteria of the genus Clostridium have been isolated and shown to produce relatively large amounts of carbon dioxide and low molecular weight organic solvents in 6-7% salt solutions. 5. Methods were developed to induce stimulation of indigenous anaerobic bacteria in oil fields for production of methane and other gases. 6. Living cells have been found to be strongly adsorbed on sandstone which restricts the injection of nonspore-forming bacteria unless carrier solutions are developed that inhibit cell adsorption. 7. Laboratory experiments indicate that some bacteria can be injected into high permeability zones to increase the sweep efficiency of a waterflood. 8. more » Mixed bacteria cultures (Gramnegative, facultative rods) have been isolated that produce large amounts of gas and are designated for possible repressurization of oil fields in Canada. 9. A mixed culture has been developed which produces a biosurfactant when fermented aerobically with crude oil that causes a decrease of the phase viscosity of 95% and produces a non-wetting (on glass of steel) emulsion. 10. The biosurfactant produced by Corynebacterium lepus has been demonstrated to be effective for the release of bitumen from tar sands. « less
Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Induces Apoptosis in Cultured Cells (2001)

ABSTRACT The importance of influenza viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans, domestic animals, and poultry is well recognized. Discerning how influenza viruses interact with the host at a cellular level is crucial for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the interplay of cellular and viral factors that may depend on the cell type. However, it is unclear which viral genes induce apoptosis. In these studies, we show that the expression of the nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus is sufficient to induce apoptosis in MDCK and HeLa cells. Further studies showed that the multimerization domain of the NS1 protein but not the effector domain is required for apoptosis. However, this mutation is not sufficient to inhibit apoptosis using whole virus.
Extended DNA-Recognition Repertoire of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA):  PNA−dsDNA Triplex Formed with Cytosine-Rich Homopyrimidine PNA (1997)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an oligonucleotide mimic in which the backbone of DNA has been replaced by a pseudopeptide. Thymine-rich homopyrimidine PNA oligomers have been found to recognize double-stranded DNA targets by displacement of the pyrimidine DNA strand and forming an internal Watson-Crick-Hoogsteen base-paired PNA(pyr)-DNA(pu)-PNA(pyr) triplex. We here show that cytosine-rich homopyrimidine PNA sequences instead add to double-stranded polynucleotide targets as Hoogsteen strands forming PNA(pyr)-DNA(pu)-DNA(pyr) triplexes. Furthermore, PNA strands with homopurine or alternating thymine-guanine sequences are shown to invade their respective DNA targets by displacing the identical DNA strands of the polynucleotides and forming new PNA-DNA duplexes. These results indicate distinct mechanistic variations as to how PNA interacts with a DNA target depending on choice of nucleobases, which could be of importance for future design of gene-specific diagnostic or therapeutic agents.
Algemene infectieleer (2017)

Allereerst wordt de historische ontwikkeling rondom infectieleer geschetst. Daarna wordt een overzicht gegeven van de verschillende soorten micro-organismen (m.o.). De diverse besmettingsroutes worden besproken, alsmede de mogelijke plaatsen waar het lichaam besmet kan worden. Van infecties wordt verder gemeld dat ze een ziekte kunnen veroorzaken met klinische verschijnselen die zich in wisselende hevigheid kunnen voordoen, van subklinisch tot acuut. Onder normale omstandigheden kan het lichaam een afweerreactie op gang brengen tegen een ziekteverwekker. Hierbij worden aspecifieke en specifieke mechanismen in werking gesteld. Als de afweerreactie ongepast heftig wordt, is er sprake van allergie. In bepaalde omstandigheden kan de afweer echter ook tekortschieten, dan is er sprake van een immunodeficiëntie. Tot slot wordt aangegeven hoe infecties voorkomen en bestreden kunnen worden. Bij voorkeur door preventieve therapie, maar als er toch een ontsteking of ziekte bestaat, zal curatieve therapie worden ingezet. Hierbij onderscheiden we causale en symptomatische therapie.
Following enzyme catalysis in real-time inside a fast atom bombardment mass spectrometer (1983)

Experiments involving the monitoring of enzyme catalyzed reactions occurring within a fast atom bombardment mass spectrometer are reported. Data are presented using FAB mass spectrometry to monitor trypsin and dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I catalyzed hydrolysis of their respective assay substrates and for hydrolysis of the peptide (val4) angiotensin III by yeast carboxypeptidase Y. Enzyme catalysis was followed by measuring the decrease of abundance of the [M + H]+ ion of the substrate and the increase of that of the product from a mixture of enzyme and substrate in a glycerol/water matrix placed on the probe inside the mass spectrometer. In addition, results of preliminary experiments to determine the survival of live yeast cells on exposure to FAB mass spectrometry is also presented.
Simultaneous T2* and diffusion measurements with 3He (1997)

It has recently been demonstrated that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of human lungs and airways is possible with hyperpolarized gases such as 3He. Because the influence of the apparent transversal relaxation (T2* decay) and diffusion in 3He imaging have not been quantified, an imaging pulse sequence was developed to measure these two parameters simultaneously. The imaging pulse sequence generates two series of multiply recalled gradient echo images with both different echo-spacings and diffusion-sensitizing gradients. From differences in exponential signal decay between the two series, T2* and diffusion coefficients, D, of both hyperpolarized and unpolarized 3He samples could be measured on a standard clinical imager using a home-built Helmholtz coil. In a hyperpolarized sample of pure 3He values of D = (1.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) m2/s and T2* = 36 +/- 13 ms were measured, while D = (0.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4) m2/s and T2* = 136 +/- 66 ms were found in a Boltzmann-polarized 3He/O2 mixture.
The amino acid sequence of D-ribose-binding protein from Escherichia coli K12. (1983)

The amino acid sequence of the D-ribose-binding protein from Escherichia coli K12 was determined from the DNA sequence of the gene. Protein sequence analyses covering 80% of the protein were consistent with the sequence deduced from the DNA. The mature binding protein has 271 amino acid residues and shows substantial homology to D-galactose-binding protein. A signal peptide sequence of 23 or 25 residues was also deduced from the DNA sequence. It shows the characteristic features of prokaryotic signal peptides.
Involvement of a Leukocyte Adhesion Receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-Induced Syncytium Formation (1989)

Cell fusion (syncytium formation) is a major cytopathic effect of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and may also represent an important mechanism of CD4+ T-cell depletion in individuals infected with HIV. Syncytium formation requires the interaction of CD4 on the surface of uninfected cells with HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 expressed on HIV-infected cells. However, several observations suggest that molecules other than CD4 play a role in HIV-induced cell fusion. The leukocyte adhesion receptor LFA-1 is involved in a broad range of leukocyte interactions mediated by diverse receptor-ligand systems including CD4-class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Possible mimicry of class II MHC molecules by gp120 in its interaction with CD4 prompted an examination of the role of LFA-1 in HIV-induced cell fusion. A monoclonal antibody against LFA-1 completely inhibited HIV-induced syncytium formation. The antibody did not block binding of gp120 to CD4. This demonstrates that a molecule other than CD4 is also involved in cell fusion mediated by HIV.
An Analysis of Autograft Fixation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Rabbit Model (1994)

Fixation and incorporation of a tendon implanted within the bone pose theoretical as well as practical concerns for the surgeon who treats instability problems of the knee. Understanding the physiology involved in graft-bone incorporation is necessary for the appropriate rehabilitation of patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament surgery. The purpose of the study was to examine the histologic and biomechanical changes of a semitendinosus autograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in a rabbit model at the graft-bone tunnel interface in the femur. The results indicate that by 3 weeks, failure of the bone-graft-bone or construction is through the intraarticular portion of the graft, not as a result of pullout from the bone tunnel. Graft fixation of the bone tunnel occurs by an intertwining of graft and connective tissue and anchoring of connective tissue to bone by collagenous fibers and bone formation in the tunnels. The collagenous fibers have the appearance of the Sharpey's fibers seen in an indirect tendon insertion.
Single Polarization-Mode-Beating Frequency Fiber Laser (2009)

We demonstrate a single-frequency fiber laser cavity that allows for measuring changes in the relative phase of two independent orthogonal polarization modes. Longitudinal-mode selection is carried out by a matched-pair of fiber Bragg gratings in a Fabry-Perot configuration and an intracavity polarizing beam splitter allows for adjustments on each polarization independently. The polarization-mode-beating signals generated with this laser are stable over long periods of time, owing to the noise cancellation effect achieved by the common cavity shared by both polarizations. This heterodyne detection scheme allows for measuring changes in frequency as small as 5 kHz, or equivalently, wavelength changes of 40 am (attometers) which are practically impossible to resolve in the wavelength domain. The proposed configuration has possible significance as an ultrasensitive and stable polarimetric optical fiber sensor.