gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase of rat colon carcinoma cells tumorigenicity by α(l–2) fucosyltransferase gene transfection (1997)

Fucosylated histo-blood group antigens such as Lewis b, Lewis Y, and H accumulate in colon carcinoma and this is accompanied by a clear increase in alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase activity, a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of these antigens. Yet the biological significance of alpha(1-2) fucosylated structures is not well defined. We have transfected a poorly tumorigenic rat colon carcinoma cell line with the human H blood group alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase cDNA. This resulted in cell surface expression of H antigens with a concomitant decrease of sialic acid substituted and free beta-galactosides. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that H antigens were essentially borne by variants of CD44 carrying amino acid sequences encoded by exon v6. The transfected cells showed increased motility in a wound healing assay, without changing their proliferation rates. Parental and control cells transfected with an empty vector formed small tumors that always regressed after 30 days when injected subcutaneously to syngeneic rats. In contrast, alpha(1-2)fucosyltransferase transfectants were able to form progressive tumors. Increased tumorigenicity was also visible in nude mice. These results demonstrate that alpha(1-2)fucosylated antigens contribute directly to aggressiveness of colon carcinoma cells. This could occur by altering a function of CD44 variants.
CD18 adhesion blockade decreases bacterial clearance and neutrophil recruitment after intrapulmonary E. coli, but not after S. aureus (1997)

Abstract Leukocyte emigration in the lung occurs by both CD18-dependent and -independent mechanisms that are stimulus specific. We examined the effect of CD18 blockade (mAb 60.3) on neutrophil (PMN) emigration into, and bacterial clearance from, the lung. After intravenous treatment with either mAb 60.3 or saline, rabbits were given an intralobar inoculation with 109 colony-forming units of either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli. Four hours after inoculation, lungs were lavaged to assess PMN emigration. CD18 blockade reduced PMN emigration to E. coli by 76% but only 45% to S. aureus. Experiments to determine bacterial recovery from the lungs at 4, 8, and 24 h after inoculation showed that CD18 blockade impaired the early (4 h) clearance of E. coli but not S. aureus. These findings suggest that PMN emigration to intrapulmonary S. aureus is largely CD18-independent. In contrast, intrapulmonary E. coli elicits CD18-mediated PMN emigration. CD18 blockade results in impaired clearance of E. coli but not S. aureus from the lung.
Investigation of 18-channel CWDM arrayed waveguide grating with silica-based waveguide (2016)

Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) are commonly used as multiplexers/demultiplexers in wavelength division multiplexing systems. We design and fabricate a coarse wavelength division multiplexing AWG with a wide free-spectral range. A gull-wing-shaped AWG layout and S-shaped AWG layout are used to understand a wide band range. The spectral difference between each layout is experimentally demonstrated. Our results indicate that the fabricated AWG is suitable for applications such as portable power meters.
CDK5RAP2 gene and tau pathophysiology in late‐onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (2018)

The rs10984186 risk and rs4837766 protective polymorphic variants of the CDK5RAP2 gene might act as potent genetic modifiers for AD risk and/or conversion by modulating the expression of this gene.
Silicon sacrificial layer dry etching (SSLDE) for free-standing RF MEMS architectures (2003)

A novel Silicon Sacrificial Layer Dry Etching (SSLDE) technique using sputtered amorphous or LPCVD polycrystalline silicon as sacrificial layers and a dry fluorine-based (SF/sub 6/) plasma chemistry as releasing process is reported with a detailed experimental study of the release etching step. The process is capable of various applications in surface micromachining process, and can be applied in fabricating RF MEMS switches, tunable capacitors, high-Q suspended inductors and suspended-gate MOSFETs. The developed SSLDE process can release metal suspended beams and membranes with excellent performance in terms of etch rate (up to 15 /spl mu/m/min), Si:SiO/sub 2/ selectivity and is fully compatible with standard MEMS processing equipment and CMOS post-processing.
Synthesis of Immunogenic, but Non-infectious, Poliovirus Particles in Insect Cells by a Baculovirus Expression Vector (1989)

A baculovirus expression vector (AcLeon) derived from Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) was prepared containing the complete 6.6 kb coding region of the P3/Leon/37 strain of poliovirus type 3 placed under the control of the AcNPV polyhedrin promoter. The recombinant virus was used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. As demonstrated by use of the appropriate antibodies, infected insect cells made poliovirus proteins that included the structural proteins VP0, VP1 and VP3. Poliovirus particles were recovered from extracts of the infected cells and demonstrated to be free from detectable levels of RNA and to be non-infectious in tissue culture. After particle purification by CsCl gradient centrifugation and immunization of outbred mice, antibodies to the structural proteins, including neutralizing antibodies, were obtained. Other recombinant baculoviruses, containing the majority of the capsid coding region of P3/Leon/37 (e.g. AcCAP21, nucleotide residues 742 to 3318), made an unprocessed precursor to the poliovirus structural proteins. These data suggested that processing of the poliovirus gene product by the AcLeon construct was catalysed by the poliovirus-encoded proteases. The results demonstrated that antigenic and immunogenic poliovirus proteins and empty particles can be made in insect cells by recombinant baculoviruses.
Therapeutic Arteriogenesis Has Arrived (2001)

he report by Seiler et al 1 on a clinical trial using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to stimulate the growth of coronary collateral vessels is the temporary culminating point of a long history of research that started in the early 1940s with the observation that the pressure measured in the distal stump of an occluded canine coronary (or femoral or carotid) artery rose as a function of time and was caused by the development of a collateral circulation. 2,3 Strandness 4 and Schoop and Jahn 5 were probably the first to measure the pressure in the distal stump of a peripheral artery in the leg of patients for an estimation of residual perfusion.
Glucose deprivation inhibits multiple key gene expression events and effector functions in CD8+ T cells (2008)

We recently reported that differentiation of CD8(+) T cells from the naïve to the effector state involves the upregulation of glucose-dependent metabolism. Glucose deprivation or inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) selectively inhibited production of IFN-gamma but not of IL-2. To determine a more global role of glucose metabolism on effector T-cell function, we performed gene array analysis on CD8(+) effector T cells stimulated in the presence or absence of 2-DG. We observed that expression of only 10% of genes induced by TCR/CD28 signaling was inhibited by 2-DG. Among these were genes for key cytokines, cell cycle molecules, and cytotoxic granule proteins. Consistent with these results, production of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF, cell cycle progression, upregulation of cyclin D2 protein, cytolytic activity, and upregulation of granzyme B protein and also conjugate formation were exquisitely glucose-dependent. In contrast to glucose, oxygen was little utilized by CD8(+) effector T cells, and relative oxygen deprivation did not inhibit these CTL functional properties. Our results indicate a particularly critical role for glucose in regulating specific effector functions of CD8(+) T cells and have implications for the maintenance of the effector phase of cellular immune responses in target tissue microenvironments such as a solid tumor.
Prognostic significance of cathepsins B and L in primary human breast cancer. (1998)

CatB and catL levels measured in routinely prepared cytosols are strong parameters to predict the rate of relapse and the length of survival after treatment of the primary breast tumor.
Farnesyltransferase inhibition in hematologic malignancies: the clinical experience with tipifarnib. (2008)

Increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms associated with various malignancies has allowed researchers to develop agents that selectively target the cellular proteins and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancy. Tipifarnib is a specific and potent farnesyltransferase inhibitor that demonstrates in vivo and in vitro activity against a variety of human cancers. Although tipifarnib was initially thought to target the Ras protein, recent evidence suggests that the presence of ras mutations is not necessary for the antitumor effects of tipifarnib, and that tipifarnib may exert its effects downstream of Ras. The oral administration and favorable toxicity profile of tipifarnib, combined with its activity in a variety of intracellular pathways that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, make it an especially attractive agent for use in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and multiple myeloma. Because hematologic malignancies are likely driven by multiple genetic aberrations, the most effective treatment strategy will likely combine multiple agents with complementary mechanisms of action. Thus, additional studies of combination regimens that incorporate tipifarnib with other antineoplastic agents are crucial. Early results from studies combining tipifarnib with imatinib or etoposide in CML and AML have been promising and warrant further evaluation in larger clinical trials.
Global Surveillance of Emerging Influenza Virus Genotypes by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Thus, rapid RT-PCR/ESI-MS analysis can be used to simultaneously identify all species of influenza viruses with clade-level resolution, identify mixed viral populations and monitor global spread and emergence of novel viral genotypes. This high-throughput method promises to become an integral component of influenza surveillance.
Difference in virus-binding activity of two distinct receptor proteins for mouse hepatitis virus (1996)

The receptor proteins, MHVR1 (Bgp C or splice variant of mmCGM1 containing two ectodomains) and MHVR2 (mmCGM2) have been reported to be functional receptors for MHV, although there was a significant difference in their virus-binding activity as determined by virus overlay protein blot assay (VOPBA). To compare the receptor function of these proteins, their virus-binding capacities were tested by using soluble forms of the proteins which lacked the transmembrane and intracytoplasmic domains. To estimate the amounts of these proteins expressed, an epitope of influenza HA protein, for which specific monoclonal antibody was available, was used as a tag. Recombinant soluble MHVR1 and MHVR2, expressed in RK 13 cells using recombinant vaccinia virus were secreted into the culture fluids of infected cells expressing these proteins. The inhibitory effect on virus infectivity of MHVR1 was shown to be about 500-fold higher than that of MHVR2. A similar disparity was observed in virus binding by VOPBA. These two proteins worked as functional receptors when they were expressed on resistant BHK-21 cells. However, the efficiency of MHV infection in BHK-21 cells expressing MHVR1 was about 30-fold higher, as compared with those expressing MHVR2. These data show that the receptor function of MHVR1 was significantly higher than that of MHVR2 and suggests that the difference in susceptibility between SJL and BALB/c mice might be due to the specific receptor protein expressed in those animals.
Transmembrane Helical Interactions and the Assembly of the T Cell Receptor Complex (1990)

Studies of the subunit interactions of the multicomponent T cell antigen receptor (TCR) revealed that specific pairs of chains have the ability to assemble after transfection into fibroblasts. For one such pair, TCR-alpha and CD3-delta, their ability to assemble was encoded by their transmembrane domains. The specificity of this interaction suggests that well-defined helical interactions in the membrane can explain the assembly of some multichain membrane complexes.
Oligo(dT) primer generates a high frequency of truncated cDNAs through internal poly(A) priming during reverse transcription (2002)

We have analyzed a systematic flaw in the current system of gene identification: the oligo(dT) primer widely used for cDNA synthesis generates a high frequency of truncated cDNAs through internal poly(A) priming. Such truncated cDNAs may contribute to 12% of the expressed sequence tags in the current dbEST database. By using a synthetic transcript and real mRNA templates as models, we characterized the patterns of internal poly(A) priming by oligo(dT) primer. We further demonstrated that the internal poly(A) priming can be effectively diminished by replacing the oligo(dT) primer with a set of anchored oligo(dT) primers for reverse transcription. Our study indicates that cDNAs designed for genomewide gene identification should be synthesized by use of the anchored oligo(dT) primers, rather than the oligo(dT) primers, to diminish the generation of truncated cDNAs caused by internal poly(A) priming.
A Memory Efficient Partially Parallel Decoder Architecture for QC-LDPC Codes (2006)

In this paper, a memory efficient partially parallel decoder architecture suited for high rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes using (modified) min-sum decoding algorithm is proposed. In general, more than thirty percent of memory can be saved over conventional partially parallel decoder architectures. To reduce the computation delay of check-node processing unit, an efficient architecture based on variants of rank order filter is presented. The optimized partially parallel decoder architecture can linearly increase the decoding throughput with small hardware overhead. Consequently, the proposed approach facilitates the applications of LDPC codes in area/power sensitive high speed communication systems
Radiation Induced Latch-Up Modeling of CMOS IC's (1987)

The basic mechanisms of radiation induced latch-up in bulk CMOS IC's have been relatively well understood for quite a while. There have been a number of attempts to quantitatively model these mechanisms and, to a first order, these have been quite successful. However, the ability to take into account second order effects such as conductivity modulation caused by electron-hole pair generation and two-dimensional effects has been lacking. This paper presents the result of applying a two dimensional, time variant, finite difference code (PISCES) to this class of problem. The results make it possible, for the first time, to quantify the effect of variables such as epi-layer thickness and device layout on the initiation of latch-up. In addition, it has been found that even if latch-up is precluded, the gain of the npn transistor multiplies the effect of the photocurrents such that the onset of rail span collapse induced errors will be accelerated.
Ras inhibition in glioblastoma down-regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, causing glycolysis shutdown and cell death. (2005)

Active Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent pathways contribute to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma multiformes (GBM). Here we show that the Ras inhibitor trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) exhibits profound antioncogenic effects in U87 GBM cells. FTS inhibited active Ras and attenuated Ras signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and Akt. Concomitantly, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) disappeared, expression of key glycolysis pathway enzymes and of other HIF-1alpha-regulated genes (including vascular endothelial growth factor and the Glut-1 glucose transporter) was down-regulated, and glycolysis was halted. This led to a dramatic reduction in ATP, resulting in a severe energy crisis. In addition, the expression of E2F-regulated genes was down-regulated in the FTS-treated cells. Consequently, U87 cell growth was arrested and the cells died. These results show that FTS is a potent down-regulator of HIF-1alpha and might therefore block invasiveness, survival, and angiogenesis in GBM.
An Introduction to Logistic Regression: From Basic Concepts to Interpretation with Particular Attention to Nursing Domain (2013)

Nursing researchers need to pay greater attention to guidelines concerning the use and reporting of LR models.
Clinical response and miR-29b predictive significance in older AML patients treated with a 10-day schedule of decitabine (2010)

A phase II clinical trial with single-agent decitabine was conducted in older patients (>or=60 years) with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were not candidates for or who refused intensive chemotherapy. Subjects received low-dose decitabine at 20 mg/m(2) i.v. over 1 h on days 1 to 10. Fifty-three subjects enrolled with a median age of 74 years (range, 60-85). Nineteen (36%) had antecedent hematologic disorder or therapy-related AML; 16 had complex karyotypes (>or=3 abnormalities). The complete remission rate was 47% (n = 25), achieved after a median of three cycles of therapy. Nine additional subjects had no morphologic evidence of disease with incomplete count recovery, for an overall response rate of 64% (n = 34). Complete remission was achieved in 52% of subjects presenting with normal karyotype and in 50% of those with complex karyotypes. Median overall and disease-free survival durations were 55 and 46 weeks, respectively. Death within 30 days of initiation of treatment occurred in one subject (2%), death within 8 weeks in 15% of subjects. Given the DNA hypomethylating effect of decitabine, we examined the relationship of clinical response and pretreatment level of miR-29b, previously shown to target DNA methyltransferases. Higher levels of miR-29b were associated with clinical response (P = 0.02). In conclusion, this schedule of decitabine was highly active and well tolerated in this poor-risk cohort of older AML patients. Levels of miR-29b should be validated as a predictive factor for stratification of older AML patients to decitabine treatment.
A Phage Display System with Unnatural Amino Acids (2004)

We report a general method to display peptide-containing unnatural amino acids on filamentous M13 phage. Five distinct unnatural amino acids were site-specifically incorporated at the N-terminal of the M13 phage minor coat protein pIII. Phages that contain p-azidophenylalanine can undergo a highly specific azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with an alkyne-derivatized fluorophore. The generalization of phage display to include unnatural amino acids should significantly increase the scope of phage display technology.
INCREASE IN CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE-RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG INFANTS IN THE UNITED STATES, 2000–2005 (2008)

Virulence and mortality of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) are increasing in the United States. Infant CDAD hospitalization incidence nearly doubled from 2.8 to 5.1 cases per 10,000 hospitalizations between 2000 and 2005. Because incidence of hospitalizations with other infectious enteritides has remained essentially stable, this growth in CDAD cannot be explained by a gastroenteritis reporting bias.
Processing of Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide Is Suppressed by O-Glycosylation in the Region Close to the Cleavage Site (2009)

Only proBNP that was not glycosylated in the region of the cleavage site could effectively be processed into BNP and NT-proBNP. Site-directed mutagenesis enabled us to ascertain the unique suppressing role of T71-bound O-glycan in proBNP processing.
The Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Ethyl Pyrrole-2-carboxylate. Scope, Limitations, and Application to Synthesis of 7-Substituted Indoles (1988)

The Friedel-Crafts acylation of ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylate (3) was studied under a variety of conditions using various Lewis acids and acyl chlorides.The acylation with some Lewis acids such as BF3 0Et2 gave a mixture of 4and 5-acyl derivatives (5 and L), whereas the acylation with various acyl
Pulsed Field Ablation of Superior Vena Cava: Feasibility and Safety of Pulsed Field Ablation (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Studies have shown that pulsed field ablation (PFA) has excellent effectiveness and safety in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, there are few reports about the application of PFA, especially the alternating current (AC) biphase PFA, in superior vena cava (SVC) isolation, and its effectiveness and safety are still unclear. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the efficacy and safety of the AC biphase PFA for SVC isolation, and to provide evidence for the clinical use of PFA for SVC. <b>Methods:</b> Eight pigs and two dogs were included in the study. PFA was delivered to these pigs and dogs. Pacing threshold and electrogram data were recorded before and after PFA. Voltage mapping of SCV was obtained before, after, and 3 weeks after PFA. At the end, all animals were euthanatized for gross pathology analysis. <b>Results:</b> For eight pigs, the median pacing threshold was 1.5 (1.4, 2.75) mA before PFA, while > 6.0 mA after PFA for all animals. The average electrogram amplitude reduction was 61.33 ± 24.90% for ablations with the initial amplitude≥0.5 mv. For two dogs, pacing threshold change and electrogram amplitude reduction were also observed. No phrenic palsy or sinus node injury was observed during PFA in any animal. Furthermore, voltage mapping showed that the voltage amplitude was significantly decreased in all animals and this could be kept for more than 3 weeks. Moreover, transmural tissue damage with reserved vessel and nerve were shown, no SVC stenosis was found at 3 weeks after PFA. <b>Conclusion:</b> PFA can effectively isolate SVC. Transmural tissue damage of SVC can be achieved without phrenic palsy, sinus node injury nor SVC stenosis.
Neurogenin 2 is required for the development of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons (2006)

Proneural genes are crucial regulators of neurogenesis and subtype specification in many areas of the nervous system; however, their function in dopaminergic neuron development is unknown. We report that proneural genes have an intricate pattern of expression in the ventricular zone of the ventral midbrain, where mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons are generated. Neurogenin 2 (Ngn2) and Mash1 are expressed in the ventral midline, while Ngn1, Ngn2 and Mash1 are co-localized more laterally in the ventricular zone. Ngn2 is also expressed in an intermediate zone immediately adjacent to the ventricular zone at the ventral midline. To examine the function of these genes, we analyzed mutant mice in which one or two of these genes were deleted (Ngn1, Ngn2 and Mash1) or substituted (Mash1 in the Ngn2 locus). Our results demonstrate that Ngn2 is required for the differentiation of Sox2(+) ventricular zone progenitors into Nurr1(+) postmitotic dopaminergic neuron precursors in the intermediate zone, and that it is also likely to be required for their subsequent differentiation into tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons in the marginal zone. Although Mash1 normally has no detectable function in dopaminergic neuron development, it could partially rescue the generation of dopaminergic neuron precursors in the absence of Ngn2. These results demonstrate that Ngn2 is uniquely required for the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.