gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Definition of infection in chronic wounds by Dutch nursing home physicians (2009)

This study investigated the number and type of chronic wounds actually treated by Dutch nursing home physicians (NHPs). It was also the goal to know how many of the treated chronic wounds they considered infected. The NHPs were asked to choose and rank their top five out of several provided criteria for chronic wound infection. After this, the ranking was compared with the choices an international multidisciplinary Delphi group of wound experts made in 2005. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using the information from a self-reported questionnaire in a representative sample of Dutch NHPs. About 361 NHPs (25%) were sent a questionnaire. Of the 361 physicians, 139 (38.5%) filled in and returned the questionnaire of which 121 were valid. Of the NHPs, 73.5% actually treated at least one chronic pressure ulcers (PU), whereas 26.5% did not treat any. Of the responding NHPs,31.6 % treated at least one, but never more than two chronic post surgical wounds , whereas 68.4% of the NHPs treated none [corrected]. Chronic venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers and diabetic ulcers scored infrequently and less than the other two sorts of chronic wounds. Of the Dutch NHPs, 53% considered that none of the PU infected. The other chronic wounds were judged far less frequently to be infected. Dutch NHPs appeared to use more 'traditional' criteria such as 'puss/abscess' and 'malodour' to identify infection and did not change their criteria by wound type. According to this study, NHPs do not frequently see many chronic wounds. The most frequent type of wounds treated was PU. For NHPs, the identification of infection of all types of chronic wounds is difficult. The use of criteria that is not in line with consensus documents may lead to ineffective treatment and even seriously damage patients: the clinical identification of infection is still dependent on experts' opinion. Further research on triggers for the suspicion of wound infection and the development of an evidence-based guideline is necessary.
Studies on the phylogenetic relationship between HL-93 strain and HL J-054 strain of SFGR. (2000)

Aim The 1 9kb rOmpA gene fragment was amplified and sequenced in order to study the phylogenetic relationship of HLJ 054 strain and HL 93 strain isolated in Heilongjiang Province of China Methods The rOmpA gene fragment was amplified by PCR The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by homologous comparison,phylogenetic tree and restriction sites using Winstar DNA soft ware Results The homology of nucleotide and putative amino acid between HL 93 strain and HLJ 054 strain was 99 23% and 99 69% respectively They have the same restriction sites and cluster with each other in the distinct phylogenetic group Conclusion HLJ 054 strain and HL 93 strain should be considered as the same species of SFGR,and suggested namely as R heilongjiangii,which might have divergence between different strains
Store-Operated Calcium Channels (2005)

In electrically nonexcitable cells, Ca(2+) influx is essential for regulating a host of kinetically distinct processes involving exocytosis, enzyme control, gene regulation, cell growth and proliferation, and apoptosis. The major Ca(2+) entry pathway in these cells is the store-operated one, in which the emptying of intracellular Ca(2+) stores activates Ca(2+) influx (store-operated Ca(2+) entry, or capacitative Ca(2+) entry). Several biophysically distinct store-operated currents have been reported, but the best characterized is the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current, I(CRAC). Although it was initially considered to function only in nonexcitable cells, growing evidence now points towards a central role for I(CRAC)-like currents in excitable cells too. In spite of intense research, the signal that relays the store Ca(2+) content to CRAC channels in the plasma membrane, as well as the molecular identity of the Ca(2+) sensor within the stores, remains elusive. Resolution of these issues would be greatly helped by the identification of the CRAC channel gene. In some systems, evidence suggests that store-operated channels might be related to TRP homologs, although no consensus has yet been reached. Better understood are mechanisms that inactivate store-operated entry and hence control the overall duration of Ca(2+) entry. Recent work has revealed a central role for mitochondria in the regulation of I(CRAC), and this is particularly prominent under physiological conditions. I(CRAC) therefore represents a dynamic interplay between endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and plasma membrane. In this review, we describe the key electrophysiological features of I(CRAC) and other store-operated Ca(2+) currents and how they are regulated, and we consider recent advances that have shed insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in this ubiquitous and vital Ca(2+) entry pathway.
Biased combinatorial libraries: novel ligands for the SH3 domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiased combinatorial libraries: novel ligands for the SH3 domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseJames K. Chen, William S. Lane, Andrew W. Brauer, Akito Tanaka, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 26, 12591–12592Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00079a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00079a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Purification, Primary Structure, and Immunological Characterization of the 26-kDa Calsequestrin Binding Protein (Junctin) from Cardiac Junctional Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1995)

Previously we identified a protein of apparent M(r) = 26,000 as the major calsequestrin binding protein in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from cardiac and skeletal muscle (Mitchell, R. D., Simmerman, H. K. B., and Jones, L. R. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1376-1381). Here we describe the purification and primary structure of the 26-kDa calsequestrin binding protein. The protein was purified 164-fold from cardiac microsomes and shown by immunoblotting to be highly enriched in junctional membrane subfractions. It ran as a closely spaced doublet on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and bound 125I-calsequestrin intensely. Cloning of the cDNA predicted a protein of 210 amino acids containing a single transmembrane domain. The protein has a short N-terminal region located in the cytoplasm, and the bulk of the molecule, which is highly charged and basic, projects into the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. Significant homologies were found with triadin and aspartyl beta-hydroxylase, suggesting that all three proteins are members of a family of single membrane-spanning endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Immunocytochemical labeling localized the 26-kDa protein to junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The same gene product was expressed in these two tissues. The calsequestrin binding activity of the 26-kDa protein combined with its codistribution with calsequestrin and ryanodine receptors strongly suggests that the protein plays an important role in the organization and/or function of the Ca2+ release complex. Because the 26-kDa calsequestrin binding protein is an integral component of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane in cardiac and skeletal muscle, we have named it Junctin.
The therapeutic potential of a series of orally bioavailable anti-angiogenic microtubule disruptors as therapy for hormone-independent prostate and breast cancers (2007)

Therapies for hormone-independent prostate and breast cancer are limited, with the effectiveness of the taxanes compromised by toxicity, lack of oral bioavailability and drug resistance. This study aims to identify and characterise new microtubule disruptors, which may have improved efficacy relative to the taxanes in hormone-independent cancer. 2-Methoxy-3-O-sulphamoyl-17beta-cyanomethyl-oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX641), 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17beta-cyanomethyl-oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX640) and 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140) were all potent inhibitors of cell proliferation in a panel of prostate and breast cancer cell lines. STX641 and STX640 significantly inhibited tumour growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. STX641 inhibited both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Despite good in vivo activity, STX641 was not as potent in vivo as STX140. Therefore, STX140 was evaluated in the prostate hormone-independent PC-3 xenograft model. STX140 had superior efficacy to docetaxel, 2-MeOE2 and bevacizumab. In contrast to vinorelbine, no significant toxicity was observed. Furthermore, STX140 could be dosed daily over a 60-day period leading to tumour regression and complete responses, which were maintained after the cessation of dosing. This study demonstrates that STX641 and STX140 have considerable potential for the treatment of hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer. In contrast to the taxanes, STX140 can be dosed orally, with no toxicity being observed even after prolonged daily dosing.
The peptide nucleic acids, efficient tools for molecular diagnosis (Review) (2004)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic analogs of DNA that hybridize with complementary DNAs or RNAs with high affinity and specificity, essentially because of an uncharged and flexible polyamide backbone. Originally conceived as ligand for the recognition of double stranded DNA, the unique physico-chemical properties of PNAs have led to the development of a variety of research and diagnostic assays. Initially used as antisense and antigene reagents, the more recent applications of PNA have involved their use as molecular hybridization probes. Thus, sensitive and robust PNA-dependent methods have been designed for developing anti-cancer drugs, modulating PCR reactions, detecting genomic mutation or labelling chromosomes in situ.
Hepcidin and Host Defense against Infectious Diseases (2015)

Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis in vertebrates. The synthesis of hepcidin is induced by systemic iron levels and by inflammatory stimuli. While the role of hepcidin in iron regulation is well established, its contribution to host defense is emerging as complex and multifaceted. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of hepcidin as a mediator of antimicrobial immunity. Hepcidin induction during infection causes depletion of extracellular iron, which is thought to be a general defense mechanism against many infections by withholding iron from invading pathogens. Conversely, by promoting iron sequestration in macrophages, hepcidin may be detrimental to cellular defense against certain intracellular infections, although critical in vivo studies are needed to confirm this concept. It is not yet clear whether hepcidin exerts any iron-independent effects on host defenses.
Iterative record linkage for cleaning and integration (2004)

Record linkage, the problem of determining when two records refer to the same entity, has applications for both data cleaning (deduplication) and for integrating data from multiple sources. Traditional approaches use a similarity measure that compares tuples' attribute values; tuples with similarity scores above a certain threshold are declared to be matches. While this method can perform quite well in many domains, particularly domains where there is not a large amount of noise in the data, in some domains looking only at tuple values is not enough. By also examining the context of the tuple, i.e. the other tuples to which it is linked, we can come up with a more accurate linkage decision. But this additional accuracy comes at a price. In order to correctly find all duplicates, we may need to make multiple passes over the data; as linkages are discovered, they may in turn allow us to discover additional linkages. We present results that illustrate the power and feasibility of making use of join information when comparing records.
Targets of Drug Action (2000)

This article considers early work from the author's laboratory on muscarinic receptor specificity, subtypes, and conformational variability, with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance in pharmacology and the conformational variants of dihydrofolate reductase and general questions of receptors. It also considers some current approaches to drug development and receptor function, particularly as influenced by increasing knowledge of three-dimensional structure of receptors.
T cell activation via Leu-23 (CD69). (1989)

The CD69 (Leu-23) activation Ag is a phosphorylated 28 to 32-kDa disulfide-linked homodimer that is rapidly induced after lymphocyte activation. CD69 is not present on the surface of peripheral blood resting T cells, but is constitutively expressed by CD3bright thymocytes. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by stimulation of the TCR/CD3 or by phorbol esters directly induces CD69 expression on T cells. In the attempt to elucidate the function of CD69 we investigated the ability of the CD69 glycoprotein to transmit an activation signal. Cross-linking of CD69 by mAb induced a prolonged elevation of intracellular [Ca2+], mostly due to an influx of extracellular Ca2+. This signal alone was unable to effectively activate PKC. When PKC was simultaneously activated by PMA, stimulation of CD69 induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression, enhancement of CD25 expression, and ultimately IL-2-dependent T cell proliferation. Both CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T cells responded to CD69-mediated activation. Stimulation of CD69 induced proliferation of thymocytes as well as peripheral T cells, but both required independent PKC activation by PMA. Cyclosporin A, which does not prevent PKC-induced CD69 expression, completely suppressed CD69-induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression. Although the signal delivered by the CD69 initiates T cell proliferation, it is unable to trigger cytotoxicity programs in CD69+-activated T cells or T cell clones.
The Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation (2002)

Covering: up to 28th February 2002
The vaccinia virus C12L protein inhibits mouse IL-18 and promotes virus virulence in the murine intranasal model (2002)

A bioassay that measured the interleukin (IL)-12-induced production of interferon (IFN)-γ from mouse splenocytes was used to identify a soluble factor in the supernatants of vaccinia virus (VV)-infected cells that inhibited the production of IFN-γ. This soluble factor was expressed by 14 out of 16 VV strains including the Western Reserve (WR) strain, but strains Copenhagen and Tashkent and a mutant of strain WR called 6/2 lacked this activity. The gene encoding this activity was identified as C12L by transferring DNA present in VV WR but missing in VV WR 6/2 into VV Copenhagen and testing for expression of the soluble factor. The C12L protein shows amino acid similarity to IL-18 binding proteins that are encoded by poxviruses, mice and humans, and C12L protein produced from VV or baculovirus inhibited the biological activity of mouse IL-18 in vitro . Thus the inhibition of IL-12-induced IFN-γ production was due to indirect effects of C12L on IL-18, illustrating the synergistic action of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. To study the role of the C12L protein in the virus life-cycle, we constructed a deletion mutant lacking the C12L gene and a revertant virus in which the gene was reinserted into the deletion mutant. In vitro the replication and plaque size of these viruses were indistinguishable. However, infection of BALB/c mice by the intranasal route showed that the deletion mutant was attenuated and induced lower weight loss and signs of illness compared to controls.
Protection against Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Arabidopsis Involves Calcium, Abscisic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid (2002)

Plants, in common with all organisms, have evolved mechanisms to cope with the problems caused by high temperatures. We examined specifically the involvement of calcium, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA) in the protection against heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis. Heat caused increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels (an indicator of oxidative damage to membranes) and reduced survival. Both effects required light and were reduced in plants that had acquired thermotolerance through a mild heat pretreatment. Calcium channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors increased these effects of heating and added calcium reversed them, implying that protection against heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis requires calcium and calmodulin. Similar to calcium, SA, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (a precursor to ethylene), and ABA added to plants protected them from heat-induced oxidative damage. In addition, the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr-1, the ABA-insensitive mutant abi-1, and a transgenic line expressing nahG (consequently inhibited in SA production) showed increased susceptibility to heat. These data suggest that protection against heat-induced oxidative damage in Arabidopsis also involves ethylene, ABA, and SA. Real time measurements of cytosolic calcium levels during heating in Arabidopsis detected no increases in response to heat per se, but showed transient elevations in response to recovery from heating. The magnitude of these calcium peaks was greater in thermotolerant plants, implying that these calcium signals might play a role in mediating the effects of acquired thermotolerance. Calcium channel blockers and calmodulin inhibitors added solely during the recovery phase suggest that this role for calcium is in protecting against oxidative damage specifically during/after recovery.
Utilizing scatter for pixel subspace selection (1999)

Measures of scatter are used in statistical pattern recognition to identify and select important features, computed as linear combinations of the given features. Examples include principal components and linear discriminants. The classic computational procedures require eigenvector decomposition of large matrices, and in the case of images they are only practical for identifying a low dimensional feature subspace. We investigate the case in which the selected features are required to be a subset of the given features. It is shown that the same scatter measures used in the general case can also be used in this discrete selection case, but the computational procedure no longer involves matrix eigenvector decomposition. Instead, the selection of pixels that optimize scatter measures can be accomplished by a very simple and efficient discrete optimization technique that runs in linear time regardless of the subspace size. Applications to clustering and content based indexing are discussed.
High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA. (1987)

We describe a simple calcium phosphate transfection protocol and neo marker vectors that achieve highly efficient transformation of mammalian cells. In this protocol, the calcium phosphate-DNA complex is formed gradually in the medium during incubation with cells and precipitates on the cells. The crucial factors for obtaining efficient transformation are the pH (6.95) of the buffer used for the calcium phosphate precipitation, the CO2 level (3%) during the incubation of the DNA with the cells, and the amount (20 to 30 micrograms) and the form (circular) of DNA. In sharp contrast to the results with circular DNA, linear DNA is almost inactive. Under these conditions, 50% of mouse L(A9) cells can be stably transformed with pcDneo, a simian virus 40-based neo (neomycin resistance) marker vector. The NIH3T3, C127, CV1, BHK, CHO, and HeLa cell lines were transformed at efficiencies of 10 to 50% with this vector and the neo marker-incorporated pcD vectors that were used for the construction and transduction of cDNA expression libraries as well as for the expression of cloned cDNA in mammalian cells.
Efficient Updates for OLAP Range Queries on Flash Memory (2011)

This paper explores efficient ways to use flash memory to store online analytical processing (OLAP) data. The particular type of queries considered are range queries using the aggregate functions SUM, COUNT and AVG. The asymmetric cost of reads and writes for flash memory gives higher importance to how updates are handled in a flash memory environment. A popular data structure used for answering OLAP range-sum queries is the prefix sum cube. It allows the range-sum query to be answered in constant time. However, updating the prefix sum cube is very expensive. To overcome this, the -tree was proposed by Chun et al. (Dynamic update cube for range-sum queries. Proc.
Variation in virulence among oculogenital serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis in experimental genital tract infection (1990)

Seven different oculogenital serovars (D, E, F, G, H, I, and K) of Chlamydia trachomatis were inoculated intravaginally into CF-1 mice, and subsequent infection was monitored. The duration of infection was longest with serovars D and E. This may help to explain clinical surveys which demonstrate a high (50%) prevalence of these serovars. Furthermore, a comparison of the invasiveness of strains D and H demonstrated a much higher frequency of uterine horn infection with serovar D.