gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermi Level Pinning and Schottky Barrier Height Control at Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces of InP and Related Materials (1999)

The present status of the various approaches to understand and control Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) on InP and related materials is reviewed. First, a brief survey on the models of Fermi level pinning is given. Then, approaches of SBH control by (1) formation of insulator interlayers, (2) formation of semiconductor interlayers, (3) sulphur and selenium surface treatments, (4) low-temperature metal deposition, (5) plasma surface treatments, and (6) electrochemical deposition are discussed from the viewpoints of the mechanism of SBH increase, the SBH values achieved, the controllability and reproducibility of the process, and the barrier reliability. A particular emphasis is placed on the in-situ electrochemical process recently developed by the author's group where Fermi level pinning seems to be removed.
An Improved in Vitro Bioassay for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Suitable for Measurement of FSH in Unextracted Human Serum* (1987)

FSH bioactivity was measured by means of FSH-dependent aromatase activity (conversion of androgen substrate to estradiol). Assay sensitivity was optimized by the use of immature (7-10 days old) rats as Sertoli cell donors, serum-free medium for incubation, phosphodiesterase inhibitor (methylisobutylxanthinine), serial dilution of FSH in medium containing 1% BSA, delayed addition of FSH for 72 h after cell plating, and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (2.5 X 10(-6) M) as the aromatizable androgen substrate. The method consisted of subjecting the decapsulated immature rat testes to a 2-step collagenase dispersion, plating the cells in medium [Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-Ham's F-10 (1:1)] containing growth factors and methylisobutylxanthinine for 72 h, adding increasing doses of FSH to the standard curve or small volumes of serum to the test vials as well as 19-hydroxyandrostenedione for 24 h, and measuring estradiol by RIA in dilutions of the medium. Using NIAMDD human (h) FSH-2 as the bioassay standard, the useful range of the assay was 0.01-5.0 ng/ml. Specificity was determined by the addition of graded doses of hLH, hTSH, ACTH, hGH, hPRL, and hCG. The minor degree of FSH bioactivity observed in a few hormone preparations was accounted for by the degree of FSH contamination in them. Mean intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 9% and 11%, and the index of precision was 0.049. This bioassay was used to determine the bioactive FSH content of pituitary extracts, tissue culture media, elutions from columns, and isoelectrically focused samples. More importantly, small quantities of human sera gave responses parallel to the standard curve in a minimum of two dilutions. The bio- to immunoreactive ratios, expressed as the mean +/- SEM (NIAMDD-hFSH-2), were 0.66 +/- 0.2 in boys (n = 6), 0.78 +/- 0.2 in pubertal girls (n = 6), 1.18 +/- 0.2 in men (n = 13), 1.24 +/- 0.1 in postmenopausal women (n = 30), 1.94 +/- 0.3 in the follicular phase (n = 19), 6.2 +/- 1.4 in the ovulatory phase (n = 19), and 1.6 +/- 0.4 in the luteal phase (n = 19) of the normal menstrual cycle. These results indicate that the bio- to immunoreactive hFSH ratio in the circulation, is dependent upon the hormonal milieu of the subject.
Animal Studies of Toxic Shock Syndrome (1985)

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was first described in 1978 and since that year over 2990 cases have been reported to the Communicable Disease Center. The estimated case-fatality rate is 5.6%. The disease is characterized by fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation, and involvement of at least three other organ systems. Approximately 85% of the cases are menstrually related and tampon use has been identified as a risk factor. The remaining 15% of the cases occur in both sexes and are not specifically related to age or geographic location. In all cases where sought there is evidence for infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Nearly all S. aureus isolates are phage type 52/29 and elaborate a unique exotoxin (toxic shock toxin). This review explores both the successful and unsuccessful attempts to induce toxic shock or a TSS-like syndrome in animals other than man. The review identifies the baboon as an animal model of TSS and discusses the clinical and pathologic sequellae, in this species, after exposure to purified toxic shock toxin.
The interleukin-2 receptor γ chain maps to Xq13.1 and is mutated in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, SCIDX1 (1993)

The gene encoding the gamma chain of the lymphocyte interleukin-2 receptor has been cloned and shown to be required to associate with the beta chain in order for IL-2 internalization and cell activation to occur (1). We considered this gene, IL2RG, a candidate for the X-linked form of severe combined immunodeficiency at the SCIDX1 locus, in which affected males have impaired lymphocyte development. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrid DNAs, we mapped IL2RG to human Xq13.1, a location within the SCIDX1 critical region established by linkage analysis. The 4.2 kb IL2RG gene was sequenced, and its genomic organization was elucidated. Seven of 19 transformed B-lymphocyte cell lines with independent SCIDX1 mutations had absent or minimal IL2RG mRNA. Unique point mutations were documented to be specifically associated with the disease and the carrier state in four unrelated affected males and their family members: one in a boy with no detectable IL2RG mRNA, in which the mutation ablated a splice donor site; one causing premature chain termination; and two causing distinct amino acid changes. The demonstration of impaired IL2RG mRNA expression in males with X-linked SCID and of unique point mutations in SCIDX1 pedigrees constitutes powerful evidence that the SCIDX1 gene is IL2RG. Noguchi et al. (2) have independently published IL2RG mapping to Xq13 and discovery of mutations in three affected males. The specific pathogenesis of IL2RG mutations and approaches to gene therapy can now be addressed in the X-linked form of SCID.
A comparison between anterior and posterior spinal implant systems. (1975)

In four patients with intractable pain from metastatic cancer, application of current through electrodes placed on the anterior surface of the cord produced analgesia and pain relief below the level of implant without the development of paresthesias. Application of current through electrodes placed on the dorsal columns in these patients also relieved pain, but to a lesser degree and with the development of associated paresthesias. In one patient, application of current from anterior electrodes to posterior electrodes produced a zone of dissociated sensory loss. While it is simpler to implant electrodes over the dorsal columns, the anterior location may be superior when currents are to be applied for the pain relief in the lower lumbar and sacral dermatomes.
Occurrence of neuropathological changes and dementia of Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome (1985)

One hundred brains of patients with Down's syndrome (DS) who died in institutions for chronic care were examined for clinicopathological correlation of Alzheimer's disease. Fifty-one were below and 49 were above age 30 years at death. Tissues from the right, prefrontal, and hippocampal cortices were processed for microscopy using H&E and Bodian-periodic acid-Schiff impregnation. Morphometric evaluations of plaques and tangles were carried out. Plaques or plaques and tangles were found in the brains of 56 patients with DS, 7 below age 30 and 49 above that age. A history of dementia was evident in the medical records of 15 of these patients; of these only 2 were below the age of 30. The brains of the patients with DS who also had clinical dementia had more than twenty plaques or plaques and tangles per 1.5 X 10(6) micron 2 of cortex. The numbers of plaques and tangles found in the brains of the patients with DS above the age of 30 greatly increased with age but varied from brain to brain. These observations suggest a correlation among dementia, the density of plaques and tangles, and age. All 100 brains studied showed early arrest of brain growth and brain atrophy, a condition that may have been due to prenatal arrest of neurogenesis mainly in the granular cell layers, prenatal and postnatal arrest of synaptogenesis, and early aging. Plaques and tangles developed twenty to thirty years earlier and dementia was clinically detected at least three times more frequently (20 to 30%) in DS than it is known to occur in the non-DS population.
A Gene Expression Signature that Can Predict the Recurrence of Tamoxifen-Treated Primary Breast Cancer (2008)

This study identifies a molecular signature specifying a subgroup of patients who do not gain benefits from tamoxifen treatment. These patients may therefore be eligible for alternative endocrine therapies and/or chemotherapy.
Differentiation and Detection of PDGF Isomers and Their Receptors by Tunable Aptamer Capillary Electrophoresis (2009)

Tunable aptamer capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques were developed to enable the separation and detection of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) isomers and their receptors. Using an aptamer that formed a stable complex with the B chain but not with the A chain of PDGF, we were able to tweak the electrophoretic mobilities of the PDGF isomers for their separation. PDGF-AB bound to a single aptamer molecule was well resolved from PDGF-BB bound to two aptamer molecules. Simultaneous determination of 50 pM of two isomers was accomplished in a single analysis. Furthermore, PDGF-AB was used as a connector to bring receptor alpha and fluorescent aptamer into a single complex molecule. As a result, the formation of a (receptor alpha)-(PDGF-AB)-(fluorescent aptamer) ternary complex enabled the detection of the receptor alpha by tunable aptamer CE. A competitive assay was developed to determine receptor beta, making use of the competition between the receptor beta and fluorescent aptamer in binding to PDGF-BB. Detection limits were 0.5 nM for PDGF receptor alpha and 3 nM for receptor beta. Determination of PDGF isomers and their receptors in diluted serum samples showed no interference from the sample matrix.
Prognostic Significance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Protein in Node-Negative Breast Carcinoma (1997)

The results show that cytosolic levels of VEGF in tumor tissue samples are indicative of prognosis for patients with node-negative breast carcinoma.
Architecture overview and data summary of a 5.4 km free-space laser communication experiment (2009)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory designed and built two free-space laser communications terminals, and successfully demonstrated error-free communication between two ground sites separated by 5.4 km in September, 2008. The primary goal of this work was to emulate a low elevation angle air-to-ground link capable of supporting standard OTU1 (2.667 Gb/s) data formatting with standard client interfaces. Mitigation of turbulence-induced scintillation effects was accomplished through the use of multiple small-aperture receivers and novel encoding and interleaver hardware. Data from both the field and laboratory experiments were used to assess link performance as a function of system parameters such as transmitted power, degree of spatial diversity, and interleaver span, with and without forward error correction. This work was sponsored by the Department of Defense, RRCO DDR&E, under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
Identifying potential parallelism via loop-centric profiling (2007)

The transition to multithreaded, multi-core designs places a greater responsibility on programmers and software for improving performance; thread-level parallelism (TLP) will be increasingly relied upon in addition to instruction-level parallelism (ILP) and increased clock frequency. Deciding where to try to parallelize code is difficult, especially for large, complex applications or those where the original developers have moved on. Outer loops are relatively easy targets for parallelization, but traditional profilers focus primarily on functions and hot inner loops. To aid in programmers' parallelization efforts, we introduce the concept of loop-centric profiling to provide a hierarchical view of how much time is spent in a loop and the loops nested within it.This paper introduces two techniques for loop profiling. First, we describe an instrumentation-based approach that gathers highly detailed and accurate information about loop behavior. Second, we present a sampling approach that achieves similar results with negligible overhead. The paper concludes with a case study evaluating the tool on several SPEC 2000 benchmarks.
Fujitsu VP2000 series (2002)

A description is given of the Fujitsu VP2000 series, a new-generation supercomputer supporting full compatibility with previous VP and VP-E series, and with much higher performance. The VP2000 series has a performance range of between 0.5 and 4 GFLOPS. It features a dual scalar processor architecture, expanded main storage, system storage, and connectivity to UNIX environments. The series offers a wide range of vector performance, with the most powerful model being eight times faster than the entry-level model. Whereas Model 10 has a uniprocessor architecture, Model 20 is a dual scalar processor system in which two scalar units can share one vector unit. The VP2000 series has a total of eight models that are field upgradable. The new features in architecture, LSI technology, and software are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Web-based hybrid mobile apps (2016)

This paper describes the contents of a tutorial on web-based hybrid mobile apps. Nowadays millions of mobile apps are downloaded and used all over the world. Mobile apps are distributed via different app stores like Google Play Store, the Apple App Store, the Windows Phone Store. One of the most intriguing challenges in mobile apps development is its fragmentation with respect to mobile platforms (e.g., Android, Apple iOS, Windows Phone). Recently, companies like IBM and Adobe and a growing community of developers advocate web-based hybrid mobile apps development as a possible solution to mobile platforms fragmentation. Web-based hybrid mobile apps are consistent across platforms and built on web standards like HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript.
Broadcast channels (1972)

We introduce the problem of a single source attempting to communicate information simultaneously to several receivers. The intent is to model the situation of a broadcaster with multiple receivers or a lecturer with many listeners. Thus several different channels with a common input alphabet are specified. We shall determine the families of simultaneously achievable transmission rates for many extreme classes of channels. Upper and lower bounds on the capacity region will be found, and it will be shown that the family of theoretically achievable rates dominates the family of rates achievable by previously known time-sharing and maximin procedures. This improvement is gained by superimposing high-rate information on low-rate information. All of these results lead to a new approach to the compound channels problem.
Transcutaneous Raman spectroscopy of bone tissue using a non-confocal fiber optic array probe (2006)

We demonstrate the first transcutaneous Raman spectroscopic measurements of bone tissue employing a fiber optic probe with a uniformly illuminated array of collection fibers. Uniform illumination reduces local power density to avoid damage to specimens. Non-confocal operation provides efficient signal collection, and together with NIR laser excitation (785 nm diode laser) allows good depth penetration enabling recovery of spectra from beneath the skin. Multivariate data reduction is used to resolve Raman spectra of bone tissue from the spectra generated from overlying tissue. The probe utilizes non-confocal optics and uniform illumination allowing the system to collect spectra from above and below the range of best focus while applying a low power density. Despite extensive photon migration in the tissue specimens, the system can resolve transcutaneous signals because the collection cone of each fiber is asymmetric with respect to the center of illumination. Here we report preliminary results of tissue specimens taken from chicken tibia as well as from a human elbow.
Axicons and Their Uses (1960)

The most common axicon is a flat cone. A small source of light on the axis of the cone is imaged into a line along a portion of the axis. In lenses the spot diagram has been useful in evaluating image quality. In axicons a corresponding line diagram where lines take the place of dots is useful. In general, axicon instruments correspond to the usual optical instruments. For example, an axicon may be used as an objective to form a telescope. The resulting axicon telescope may be used in aligning machinery such as paper mills. Similarly, an axicon autocollimator may be used to precisely set mirrors perpendicular to a line. One form of axicon microscope has been tried out for the special purpose of locating the position of shiny surfaces without touching them. A most useful form of optical aligner is the reflection cone axicon. It is used as a straight edge. One example is a reflecting cone of 6 in. diam and maximum range of 40 ft with precision of 5 or 6 wavelengths over the entire range. Another example is a 5 in. diam cone with a range of 10 ft and precisions of about 1 wavelength. In this case the use of a suitable radius for the reflecting surface had the effect of making the image brightness substantially uniform over the 10 ft range. Photo cell pickup has been shown to be successful with very high precisions of setting. This opens the way for automatic machine guiding to very high precisions.
TGFβ promotes conversion of CD16 + peripheral blood NK cells into CD16 − NK cells with similarities to decidual NK cells (2007)

During pregnancy the uterine decidua is populated by large numbers of natural killer (NK) cells with a phenotype CD56(superbright)CD16(-)CD9(+)KIR(+) distinct from both subsets of peripheral blood NK cells. Culture of highly purified CD16(+)CD9(-) peripheral blood NK cells in medium containing TGFbeta1 resulted in a transition to CD16(-)CD9(+) NK cells resembling decidual NK cells. Decidual stromal cells, when isolated and cultured in vitro, were found to produce TGFbeta1. Incubation of peripheral blood NK cells with conditioned medium from decidual stromal cells mirrored the effects of TGFbeta1. Similar changes may occur upon NK cell entry into the decidua or other tissues expressing substantial TGFbeta. In addition, Lin(-)CD34(+)CD45(+) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells could be isolated from decidual tissue. These progenitors also produced NK cells when cultured in conditioned medium from decidual stromal cells supplemented with IL-15 and stem cell factor.
Furin: The Prototype Mammalian Subtilisin-LikeProprotein-Processing Enzyme (1991)

Furin, the translational product of the recently discovered fur gene, appears to be the first known mammalian member of the subtilisin family of serine proteases and the first known mammalian proprotein-processing enzyme with cleavage selectivity for paired basic amino acid residues. Structurally and functionally, it resembles the prohormone-processing enzyme, kexin (EC 3.4.21.61), which is encoded by the KEX2 gene of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most likely, furin is primarily involved in the processing of precursors of proteins that are secreted via the constitutive secretory pathway. Here, we review the discovery of the fur gene and describe the isolation of cDNA clones corresponding to human and mouse fur and to two fur-like genes of Drosophila melanogaster, Dfur1 and Dfur2. We also compare the structural organization of the various deduced furin proteins to that of yeast kexin, and of other members of the subtilisin family of serine proteases. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of biologically active human and mouse furin is evaluated. Finally, the cleavage specificity for paired basic amino acid residues of human and mouse furin is demonstrated by the correct processing of the precursor for von Willebrand factor.
Lifetime limit of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite as electrolyte additive for high voltage lithium ion batteries (2016)

In this work, a failure mechanism of tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSPi), as a popular additive in a LiPF<sub>6</sub> containing electrolyte for lithium ion batteries, is proposed and elucidated for the first time.
Current management of metastatic melanoma (2008)

New strategies are needed to improve treatment response rates and duration of overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Diagnostic Medical Parasitology (2015)

Diagnostic Medical Parasitology is now available on Wiley.comMembers, use the code ASM20 at check out to receive your 20% discount. 
The essential reference for selecting, using, and interpreting methods and results related to human parasitic infections
This major work by Lynne Garcia, a recognized authority on diagnostic parasitology, has been completely updated to include the dramatic changes that have occurred in the field of diagnostic medical parasitology over the past decade. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Sixth Edition, features newly recognized human parasites, improved diagnostic techniques defined by new regulatory requirements, implementation of testing based on molecular techniques, expanded tables and color photographs, and the latest information on parasitic infections.
Diagnostic Medical Parasitology contains two sections within this single volume. The first provides clear, concise diagnostic procedures for clinical laboratory use, including ordering and collection recommendations, techniques for parasite recovery and identification that are relevant throughout the world. This section also thoroughly examines the pros and cons of various diagnostic options, including extensive report comments for result clarification and enhancement.
The second section presents comprehensive discussions of common and uncommon individual human parasites. It provides information related to life cycle, morphology, and clinical disease in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised patient including diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and prevention. There are also expanded sections on artifacts, case histories, and histologic findings that provide discussion and tips related to potential diagnostic problems. Both book sections feature extensive color illustrations related to each technique and parasite presented, as well as expanded color plates of human parasites.
Diagnostic Medical Parasitology is a unique and valuable resource for microbiologists and clinical laboratory scientists/bench technologists in diagnostic laboratories and academic settings, infectious disease physicians, pathologists, health care specialists, and public health professionals.
Diagnostic Medical Parasitology is a critical reference for every microbiology laboratory. It covers all aspects of human medical parasitology and provides detailed, comprehensive, relevant diagnostic methods in one volume. The color images are fantastic for use in assisting you in the identification of parasites. To ensure that your microbiology personnel are employing practical quality procedures in the area of parasitology, you need this book!
Susan E. Sharp, Ph.D., ABMM, FAAM, Director, Regional Microbiology and Molecular Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Kaiser Permanente, Department of Pathology
Hardcover, 1388 pages, full-color illustrations, index.