gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deliberately provoking local inflammation drives tumors to become their own protective vaccine site (2008)

Anti-cancer immunotherapies aim to generate resolution of all existing tumors, including inaccessible ones, and provide long-term protection against recurrence. This is rarely achieved. Thus, we aimed to determine if the tumor microenvironment could be turned into a potent 'self'-vaccine site. Our target was to eradicate larger tumor burdens. Our models respond to single-agent immunotherapies; however, they fail at a precisely defined 'cut-off' tumor burden. Thus, this system was used to define the immune mechanisms required to mediate regression of larger tumors that are resistant to mono-immunotherapies. We report that direct injection of IL-2 with agonist anti-CD40 antibody into the tumor bed resulted in permanent resolution of treated and untreated distal tumors. Tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and neutrophils collaborated to eradicate treated tumors, IFNgamma was not critical and protective memory was preserved. This approach relied only on tumor antigens expressed within the tumor microenvironment. It also avoided systemic toxicities, did not require chemotherapy or surgery and is clinically useful because only one tumor site has to be accessible for treatment. We conclude that provoking intra-tumoral inflammation skews the tumor microenvironment from tumorigenic to immunogenic, resulting in the resolution of treated and untreated distal tumors, as well long-term protective memory.
The conformations of oligosaccharides related to the ABH and Lewis human blood group determinants (1980)

Nuclear magnetic resonance properties are shown to be in good accord with those that are expected for synthetic oligosaccharides in the conformations which are predicted by hard-sphere molecular modelling and taking into consideration the important contribution by the exo-anomeric effect. The studies involve first a comparison of the β D Gal(1 → 3)β D GlcNAc (Type 1) and β D Gal(1 → 4)β D GlcNAc (Type 2) disaccharide structures based mainly on 13 Cmr and then an examination of the relationships between the calculated conformations and 1 Hmr and 13 Cmr parameters for human blood group determinants which are derived from the Type 1 core disaccharide. Among the structures examined are the di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides for the ABH and Lewis antigenic determinants. Certain immunological–conformational relationships are noted.
pilO, a gene required for glycosylation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin (1995)

Nucleotide sequencing of a region downstream from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin structural gene, pilA, revealed an ORF potentially able to code for a protein of M(r) 50,862. This ORF, called pilO, was flanked by a tRNAthr gene, which was followed by a transcriptional termination sequence. The tRNAthr gene and the termination sequence were nearly identical to sequences found immediately adjacent to the pilA gene of several P. aeruginosa strains. A 2200 base mRNA strand, which contained both the pilO and pilA transcripts, was produced from this region, while a 650 base transcript containing only pilA was present in a 100-fold excess over the longer transcript. Hyperexpression of the pilA gene in a PilO- strain resulted in normal pilus-specific phage sensitivity and twitching motility. The pilin produced by this strain had a lower apparent M(r) and a more neutral pl compared to that produced by a strain containing a functional pilO gene. This pilin failed to react with a sugar-specific reagent which recognized pilin produced by the strain containing a functional pilO gene.
Phylogenetic diversity of soda lake alkaliphiles (1996)

16S rRNA genes from a range of aerobic chemoorganotrophic, alkaliphilic soda lake Bacteria and Archaea have been sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Gram-negative alkaliphiles were found to be confined to the γ3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria, with many isolates related to the Halomonas/Deleya group. Gram-positive alkaliphiles were found in both high % G + C and low % G + C divisions of the Gram-positive lineage, with many isolates being related to the Bacillus group, others to Arthrobacter spp. Alkaliphilic Archaea were relatively closely related to members of the genera Natronococcus and Natronobacterium. An anaerobic, thermophilic isolate has been assigned to a new genus within the Thermotogales.
Modulation of Na,K-ATPase and Na-ATPase Activity by Phospholipids and Cholesterol. I. Steady-State Kinetics (2001)

The effects of phospholipid acyl chain length (n(c)), degree of acyl chain saturation, and cholesterol on Na,K-ATPase reconstituted into liposomes of defined lipid composition are described. The optimal acyl chain length of monounsaturated phosphatidylcholine in the absence of cholesterol was found to be 22 but decreased to 18 in the presence of 40 mol % cholesterol. This indicates that the hydrophobic matching of the lipid bilayer and the transmembrane hydrophobic core of the membrane protein is a crucial parameter in supporting optimal Na,K-ATPase activity. In addition, the increased bilayer order induced by both cholesterol and saturated phospholipids could be important for the conformational mobility of the Na,K-ATPase changing the distribution of conformations. Lipid fluidity was important for several parameters of reconstitution, e.g., the amount of protein inserted and the orientation in the liposomes. The temperature dependence of the Na,K-ATPase as well of the Na-ATPase reactions depends both on phospholipid acyl chain length and on cholesterol. Cholesterol increased significantly both the enthalpy of activation and entropy of activation for Na,K-ATPase activity and Na-ATPase activity of Na,K-ATPase reconstituted with monounsaturated phospholipids. In the presence of cholesterol the free energy of activation was minimum at a lipid acyl chain length of 18, the same that supported maximum turnover. In the case of ATPase reconstituted without cholesterol, the minimum free energy of activation and the maximum turnover both shifted to longer acyl chain lengths of about 22.
Variation in optical coherence tomography signal quality as an indicator of retinal nerve fibre layer segmentation error (2011)

When combined with a signal quality parameter, the variation of signal quality between A-scans provides significant information about the quality of an OCT scan and can be used as a predictor of segmentation error.
Towards Pervasive Augmented Reality: Context-Awareness in Augmented Reality (2016)

Augmented Reality is a technique that enables users to interact with their physical environment through the overlay of digital information. While being researched for decades, more recently, Augmented Reality moved out of the research labs and into the field. While most of the applications are used sporadically and for one particular task only, current and future scenarios will provide a continuous and multi-purpose user experience. Therefore, in this paper, we present the concept of Pervasive Augmented Reality, aiming to provide such an experience by sensing the user's current context and adapting the AR system based on the changing requirements and constraints. We present a taxonomy for Pervasive Augmented Reality and context-aware Augmented Reality, which classifies context sources and context targets relevant for implementing such a context-aware, continuous Augmented Reality experience. We further summarize existing approaches that contribute towards Pervasive Augmented Reality. Based our taxonomy and survey, we identify challenges for future research directions in Pervasive Augmented Reality.
Subunit Vaccination of Mice against New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Comparison of Three Proteins Expressed in Amastigotes and Six Adjuvants (2000)

A mixture of well-defined recombinant antigens together with an adjuvant that preferentially stimulates specific gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting helper type 1 CD4(+) T cells (Th1 cells) presents a rational option for a vaccine against leishmaniasis. The potential of this approach was investigated in murine infections with Leishmania mexicana, which are characterized by the absence of a parasite-specific Th1 response and uncontrolled parasite proliferation. A mixture of three antigens (glycoprotein 63, cysteine proteinases, and a membrane-bound acid phosphatase), which are all expressed in amastigotes, the mammalian stage of the parasite, were used for the immunization of C57BL/6 mice in combination with six adjuvants (interleukin 12 [IL-12], Detox, 4'-monophosphoryl lipid A, QS-21, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and Corynebacterium parvum). All six vaccine formulations containing the mixture of recombinant antigens were protective against challenge infections with promastigotes, the insect stage of the parasite, in that mice controlled and healed infections but developed transient and, in certain cases, accentuated disease. The most effective adjuvants were IL-12 followed by Detox. Further studies using these two adjuvants showed that a similar protective effect was observed with a mixture of the corresponding native proteins, and mice which had controlled the infection showed a preponderance of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) T cells in the lymph nodes draining the lesion. Using the recombinant proteins individually, it is shown that the relatively abundant cysteine proteinases and glycoprotein 63, but not the acid phosphatase, are able to elicit a protective response. The results are discussed in comparison to previous studies with subunit vaccines and with respect to cell biological aspects of antigen presentation in Leishmania-infected macrophages.
CoSLAM: Collaborative Visual SLAM in Dynamic Environments (2012)

This paper studies the problem of vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in dynamic environments with multiple cameras. These cameras move independently and can be mounted on different platforms. All cameras work together to build a global map, including 3D positions of static background points and trajectories of moving foreground points. We introduce intercamera pose estimation and intercamera mapping to deal with dynamic objects in the localization and mapping process. To further enhance the system robustness, we maintain the position uncertainty of each map point. To facilitate intercamera operations, we cluster cameras into groups according to their view overlap, and manage the split and merge of camera groups in real time. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can work robustly in highly dynamic environments and produce more accurate results in static environments.
Adult bone marrow stem cells for cell and gene therapies: Implications for greater use (2002)

There is excitement generated almost daily about the possible uses of stem cells to treat human disease. Much of the interest of late is generated by embryonic stem cells (ESCs). As exciting as ESCs may be, they are quite controversial for moral reasons, given their source. They are also scientifically controversial since they are much less well understood than the original, long-standing, and clinically successful hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). HSCs have the distinct advantage of being reasonably well characterized and have been proven in the clinic. They can be isolated by simple procedures directly from the bone marrow or from peripheral blood after being stimulated (mobilized). They can then be manipulated and delivered to a patient, often producing a cure. Their biology provides the paradigm by which all other stem cells are judged, and they have little in the way of moral controversy surrounding them given they are isolated from adults who have consented to the procedure. Another putative stem cell has gained momentum in the last few years; the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). MSCs appear to have much in common with HSCs. They were originally characterized from bone marrow, are capable of differentiating along multiple lineages and, at least in vitro, have significant expansion capability. Unlike HSCs, they have not yet been definitively shown to function as stem cells, despite their ability to differentiate into various mesenchymal cell types under the right culture conditions. Still, there is mounting evidence these cells may be useful, if not as true stem cells then at least as vehicles for emerging cell and gene therapies, especially in the field of tissue engineering. While this is an important endpoint, it is more important to thoroughly understand stem cell biology. That understanding can then be applied toward the ultimate goal of using these cells not just for various forms of therapy, but rather as a tool to discover the mechanisms and means to bring about directed repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. The excitement of HSCs and MSCs has been muted somewhat by the excitement surrounding ESCs, primarily due to the fact HSCs and MSCs are viewed as limited to specific cell types while ESCs could potentially be applied to any cell type. Recent information indicates HSCs, MSCs, and other cells in general may have more universal differentiation abilities than previously thought.
Two-channel surface-normal wavelength division demultiplexer using substrate guided waves in conjunction with multiplexed waveguide holograms (1995)

We report a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) using collinear surface-normal input and output coupling. The reported device employs polymer-based multiplexed waveguide holograms in conjunction with substrate guided waves. A two-channel WDDM device operating at 700 and 738 nm with diffraction angles of 45° and 50° are demonstrated. The peak diffraction efficiencies of 80% and 77% are measured for these two channels. A crosstalk of −31 dB between the two channels is measured. Variations of the diffraction efficiencies and of the bandwidths as a function of film thickness and index modulation are further considered. A good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental results is obtained.
The Bluetooth radio system (2000)

A few years ago it was recognized that the vision of a truly low-cost, low-power radio-based cable replacement was feasible. Such a ubiquitous link would provide the basis for portable devices to communicate together in an ad hoc fashion by creating personal area networks which have similar advantages to their office environment counterpart, the local area network. Bluetooth/sup TM/ is an effort by a consortium of companies to design a royalty-free technology specification enabling this vision. This article describes the radio system behind the Bluetooth concept. Designing an ad hoc radio system for worldwide usage poses several challenges. The article describes the critical system characteristics and motivates the design choices that have been made.
A Successive Decoding Strategy for Channels With Memory (2007)

This paper presents a new technique for communication over channels with memory where the channel state is unknown at the transmitter and receiver. A deep interleaver combined with successive decoding decomposes a channel with memory into an array of parallel memoryless channels on which a conventional coding system can operate individually. The problems of joint channel estimation and decoding thus are separated without loss of capacity. This technique achieves channel capacity and so may be used to evaluate the capacities of different channels. A general information-theoretic framework is developed and applied to intersymbol interference (ISI), finite-state Markov, and Rayleigh-fading channels. A full system implementation, which performs within 1.1 dB of the channel capacity upper bound, is presented for the Rayleigh-fading channel
Recent developments: Breast cancer (2002)

As our understanding of the biology of breast cancer continues to improve, treatment of the disease continues to change. Although the ultimate goal of treatment remains improved survival, increasing emphasis is now put on less morbid treatments and improving quality of life. Prevention remains a major focus, particularly in women at high risk of developing breast cancer because of mutations in susceptibility genes. In this article, we review the current prevention strategies in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, data on sentinel node biopsy for axillary staging, and trials of new endocrine treatments for advanced breast cancer.
Memory array architecture and decoding scheme for 3 V only sector erasable DINOR flash memory (1993)

A memory array configuration and a decoder circuits for the DINOR flash memory have been described. The hierarchical row decoder and the compact source line driver realize 1K byte sector erasure without increasing the decoder area. The decoder pitch has been relaxed to one driver per two word lines. Narrow threshold voltage distribution has been realized by the bit-by-bit programming control and the low threshold voltage detection circuit, which achieves high speed random access time at low Vcc. A 4 Mb test device was fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS triple well process and a typical access time of 90 ns was obtained at Vcc of 3 V.
Antitumor efficacy of TRA-8 anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in a human breast cancer model. (2003)

The TRA-8 anti-DR5 antibody alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation has striking antitumor efficacy in breast cancer xenograft models. Additional studies with other tumor types and chemotherapy agents are warranted. These studies support the generation of a humanized TRA-8 for introduction into early clinical trials.
Collective multi-label classification (2005)

Common approaches to multi-label classification learn independent classifiers for each category, and employ ranking or thresholding schemes for classification. Because they do not exploit dependencies between labels, such techniques are only well-suited to problems in which categories are independent. However, in many domains labels are highly interdependent. This paper explores multi-label conditional random field (CRF)classification models that directly parameterize label co-occurrences in multi-label classification. Experiments show that the models outperform their single-label counterparts on standard text corpora. Even when multi-labels are sparse, the models improve subset classification error by as much as 40%.
Preparation and Steric Structure of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Saturated or Partially Saturated 1,3-Heterocycles Containing a Saturated Isoindolone Moiety (1994)

From cis-2-(p-methylbenzoyl)-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1) and dien- do-3-(p-methylbenzoyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (2) with α,ω-alkylenediamines, the perhydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindolone (3), the corresponding perhydropyrimido and perhydrodiazepino derivatives (4) and (5) and their methylene-bridged tetracyclic analogues (6-8) were obtained. Compound (1) and ethanolamine yielded the perhydro-1,3-oxazo- lo [2,3-a]isoindolone derivative (9), while (1) with 3-amino-1-propanol or 2-aminoethanethiol gave the homologous saturated 1,3-oxazino deriva- tive (10) and thiazoloisoindolone derivative (11), respectively. On boiling in xylene, (9) was transformed to the hydroxyethylisoindolone (12). From (1) and o-phenylenediamine, the trans-isoindolo[2,1-a]benzi- midazole derivative (13) was formed, while (1) and o-aminothiophenol gave the partly saturated cis-benzthiazole analogue (14)
Glutathione Participates in the Regulation of Mitophagy in Yeast (2009)

The antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine prevented the autophagy-dependent delivery of mitochondria to the vacuoles, as examined by fluorescence microscopy of mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis of mitochondrial proteins. The effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine was specific to mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Indeed, autophagy-dependent activation of alkaline phosphatase and the presence of hallmarks of non-selective microautophagy were not altered by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine was not related to its scavenging properties, but rather to its fueling effect of the glutathione pool. As a matter of fact, the decrease of the glutathione pool induced by chemical or genetical manipulation did stimulate mitophagy but not general autophagy. Conversely, the addition of a cell-permeable form of glutathione inhibited mitophagy. Inhibition of glutathione synthesis had no effect in the strain Deltauth1, which is deficient in selective mitochondrial degradation. These data show that mitophagy can be regulated independently of general autophagy, and that its implementation may depend on the cellular redox status.
Three-Dimensional Imaging Methods Based on Multiview Images (2005)

Three-dimensional imaging methods, based on parallaxes as their depth cues, can be classified into the stereoscopic providing binocular parallax only, and multiview providing both binocular and motion parallaxes. In these methods, the parallaxes are provided by creating a viewing zone with use of either a special optical eyeglasses or a special optical plate as their viewing zone-forming optics. For the stereoscopic image generations, either the eyeglasses or the optical plate can be employed, but for the multiview the optical plate or the eyeglasses with a tracking device. The stereoscopic image pair and the multiview images are presented either simultaneously or as a time sequence with use of projectors or display panels. For the case of multiview images, they can also be presented as two images at a time according to the viewer's movements. The presence of the viewing zone-forming optics often causes undesirable problems, such as appearance of moire/spl acute/ fringes, image quality deterioration, depth reversion, limiting viewing regions, low image brightness, image blurring, and inconveniences of wearing.
Clinical Pharmacology of Potassium Channel Openers (1992)

Opening of K+ channels in cell membranes with resulting increase in K+ conductance, shifts the membrane potential in a hyperpolarizing direction towards the K+ equilibrium potential. Hyperpolarization reduces the opening probability of ion channels involved in membrane depolarization and excitation is reduced. K+ channel openers are believed to hyperpolarize smooth muscle cells by a direct action on the cell membrane. The best known members of the group are cromakalim, nicorandil and pinacidil, but several new compounds are being evaluated. In addition, it has recently been shown that also clinically well-known drugs like, e.g. diazoxide and minoxidil exhibit K+ channel opening properties. Nicorandil and new compounds containing nitro groups have a dual mechanism of action, also activating guanylate cyclase, an effect that contributes to their cardiovascular effect profile. K+ channel openers have a wide range of effects. Some of their properties and actions are summarized, and their present applications and/or potential for future application, in e.g. hypertension, angina pectoris, asthma, bladder instability, and several other disorders are discussed. It is concluded that K+ channel openning represents an interesting pharmacological principle with many potential clinical applications. However, most available drugs do not seem to have a sufficient tissue selectivity to be useful therapeutic alternatives. Before the potential of the new members of the group on clinical trials can be properly evaluated, clinical experiences are needed.