gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of knee joint cartilage thickness using three‐dimensional magnetic resonance chondro‐crassometry (3D MR‐CCM) (1996)

The objective of this article was to analyze the accuracy and precision with which the quantitative distribution of articular cartilage can be determined in the knee joint using MRI. A three-dimensional (3D) technique that accounts for the out-of-plane deviation of the interface normal in strongly curved joint surfaces (3D MR-CCM) has been developed for cartilage thickness measurements. Eight cadaveric knee-joint specimens and six volunteers were imaged using a fat-suppressed gradient-echo sequence at a resolution of 2 x 0.31 x 0.31 mm3. Cartilage volumes and topographical thickness maps were obtained and compared with those derived from anatomical sections by image analysis. The deviation of the MR volumes from those of the sections was 1-12%, the coefficient of variation after repositioning ranged from 2.9% (patella) to 8.2% (lateral tibial plateau). Between 60% and 80% of all image points could be attributed to identical thickness intervals, less than 20% deviating by more than 0.5 mm. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibilities were very high in both the specimens and the volunteers. In the knee joint, 3D reconstructions of the cartilages, and measurements that take into account the out-of-plane deviation of the interface normals (3D MR-CCM), are required.
High‐resolution DNA melting curve analysis to establish HLA genotypic identity (2004)

High-resolution melting curve analysis is a closed-tube fluorescent technique that can be used for genotyping and heteroduplex detection after polymerase chain reaction. We applied this technique at the HLA-A locus and suggest that this method can be used as a rapid, inexpensive screen between siblings prior to living-related transplantation. At any locus, there are seven general cases of shared alleles among two individuals, ranging from identical homozygous genotypes (all alleles shared) to two heterozygous genotypes that share no alleles. We studied each case using previously typed cell lines to show that identity or non-identity can be determined in all cases by high-resolution melting curve analysis. HLA genotype identity is suggested when two individuals have the same melting curves. Identity is confirmed by comparing the melting curve of a 1:1 mixture with the individual melting curves. Non-identity at the amplified locus changes the heteroduplexes formed in the mixture compared with the original samples and alters the shape of the melting curve. The technique was tested on DNA from a 17-member CEPH family. High-resolution melting curve analysis revealed six different genotypes in the family. The genotype clustering was confirmed by sequence-based typing. Although this technique does not sequence or determine specific HLA alleles, it does rapidly establish identity at highly polymorphic HLA loci. The technique may also prove useful for confirmation of HLA genotypic identity between unrelated individuals prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation.
Proteomic-based identification of haptoglobin-1 precursor as a novel circulating biomarker of ovarian cancer (2004)

Screening for specific biomarkers of early-stage detection of ovarian cancer is a major health priority due to the asymptomatic nature and poor survival characteristic of the disease. We utilised two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of ovarian cancer patients that may be useful as biomarkers of this disease. In this study, 38 ovarian cancer patients at different pathological grades (grade 1 (n=6), grade 2 (n=8) and grade 3 (n=24)) were compared to a control group of eight healthy women. Serum samples were treated with a mixture of Affigel-Blue and protein A (5 : 1) for 1 h to remove high abundance protein (e.g. immunoglobulin and albumin) and were displayed using 11 cm, pH 4-7 isoelectric focusing strips for the first dimension and 10% acrylamide gel electrophoresis for the second dimension. Protein spots were visualised by SYPRO-Ruby staining, imaged by FX-imager and compared and analysed by PDQuest software. A total of 24 serum proteins were differentially expressed in grade 1 (P<0.05), 31 in grade 2 (P<0.05) and 25 in grade 3 (P<0.05) ovarian cancer patients. Six of the protein spots that were significantly upregulated in all groups of ovarian cancer patients were identified by nano-electrospray quadrupole quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (n-ESIQ(q)TOFMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) as isoforms of haptoglobin-1 precursor (HAP1), a liver glycoprotein present in human serum. Further identification of the spots at different pathological grades was confirmed by Western blotting using monoclonal antibody against a haptoglobin epitope contained within HAP1. Immunohistochemical localisation of HAP1-like activity was present in malignant ovarian epithelium and stroma but strong immunostaining was present in blood vessels, areas with myxomatous stroma and vascular spaces. No tissue localisation of HAP1-like immunoreactivity was observed in normal ovarian surface epithelium. These data highlight the need to assess circulating concentration of HAP1 in the serum of ovarian cancer patients and evaluate its potential as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Location-Aware Authentication and Access Control Concepts and Issues (2009)

The paper first discusses motivations why taking into account location information in authentication and access control is important. The paper then surveys current approaches to location-aware authentication, including the notion of context-based flexible authentication policies, and to location-aware access control, with focus on the GEO-RBAC model. Throughout the discussion, the paper identifies open research directions.
Antitumor activity of anti‐C‐ERC/mesothelin monoclonal antibody in vivo (2009)

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer often caused by chronic asbestos exposure, and its prognosis is very poor despite the therapies currently used. Due to the long latency period between asbestos exposure and tumor development, the worldwide incidence will increase substantially in the next decades. Thus, novel effective therapies are warranted to improve the prognosis. The ERC/mesothelin gene (MSLN) is expressed in wide variety of human cancers, including mesotheliomas, and encodes a precursor protein cleaved by proteases to generate C-ERC/mesothelin and N-ERC/mesothelin. In this study, we investigated the antitumor activity of C-ERC/mesothelin-specific mouse monoclonal antibody, 22A31, against tumors derived from a human mesothelioma cell line, ACC-MESO-4, in a xenograft experimental model using female BALB/c athymic nude mice. Treatment with 22A31 did not inhibit cell proliferation of ACC-MESO-4 in vitro; however, therapeutic treatment with 22A31 drastically inhibited tumor growth in vivo. 22A31 induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells, but not macrophages, in vitro. Consistently, the F(ab')(2) fragment of 22A31 did not inhibit tumor growth in vivo, nor did it induce antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Moreover, NK cell depletion diminished the antitumor effect of 22A31. Thus, 22A31 induced NK cell-mediated ADCC and exerted antitumor activity in vivo. 22A31 could have potential as a therapeutic tool to treat C-ERC/mesothelin-expressing cancers including mesothelioma.
The Panoptic Camera - Plenoptic interpolation in an omnidirectional polydioptric camera (2009)

The thesis describes a great new sensor, the Panoptic Camera - a device made of 104 cameras patched on a half sphere. It describes and explains its fundamentals, the reasoning behind and its planned uses. It then covers the whole two-dimensional sparse interpolation problem by describing various methods, then used to provide impressive omnidirectional views.
Distributed audit with secure remote procedure calls (2002)

The authors have designed and implemented an experimental secure remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism and an RPC interface for a distributed audit mechanism running on AIX version 3 on the RISC System/6000. Based on the secure RPC mechanism and the network file system, the authors have designed and implemented a high-level, protocol-transparent interface for a distributed audit mechanism with centralized control. In addition, they implemented a user-friendly interface for distributed audit with Motif widgets on the X Window system. It is noted that the present experimental secure RPC shows a fairly simple alternative to building secure RPCs with an authentication protocol without modifying the RPC runtime and interface. Using RPCs not only significantly reduces the efforts for programming, but also bypasses several technical details such as replayed transactions, which are taken care of by RPC runtime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IL-6 pathway-driven investigation of response to IL-6 receptor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

Our analyses illustrate that the biological activity of a disease-associated molecular pathway may impact the benefit of a therapy targeting that pathway. However, the variation in pathway activity, as measured in blood, may not be a strong predictor. These data suggest that the major contribution to variability in clinical responsiveness to therapeutics in RA remains unknown.
A Survey and an Analysis of Network Slicing in 5G Networks (2018)

5G networks aim to support a number of vertical industries that are characterized by diverse performance requirements. Network slicing is considered to be the key enabler to enhance cellular networks with the desired flexibility to achieve this target. During the past years, the network slicing concept has been thoroughly studied, and the main operational principles have been established. However, the added complexity introduced by network slicing creates some issues that are still under investigation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of solutions proposed by the research community and, more importantly, the latest status of the 3GPP standardization process. This survey covers solutions for all network domains (i.e., access, transport, and core) as well the management of network slices. The article also identifies key topics that need to be further addressed during the following years.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors interact synergistically with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through interruption of both Akt and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of SEK1/JNK (2004)

Interactions between the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor L744832 were examined in human leukemia cells. Combined exposure of U937 cells to subtoxic concentrations of UCN-01 and L744832 resulted in a dramatic increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and loss of clonogenicity. Similar interactions were noted in other leukemia cells (HL-60, Raji, Jurkat) and primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts. Coadministration of L744832 blocked UCN-01-mediated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK), leading to down-regulation of phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein (phospho-CREB) and -p90(RSK) and activation of p34(cdc2) and stress-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SEK/JNK). Combined treatment also resulted in pronounced reductions in levels of phospho-Akt, -glycogen synthase kinase-3 (-GSK-3), -p70(S6K), -mammalian target of rapamycin (-mTOR), -forkhead transcription factor (-FKHR), -caspase-9, and -Bad. Ectopic expression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL but not dominant-negative caspase-8 blocked UCN-01/L744832-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis but did not prevent activation of p34(cdc2) and JNK or inactivation of MEK/ERK and Akt. Enforced expression of myristoylated Akt but not constitutively active MEK significantly attenuated UCN-01/L744832-induced apoptosis. However, dual transfection with Akt and MEK resulted in further protection from UCN-01/L744832-mediated lethality. Finally, down-regulation of JNK1 by siRNA significantly reduced the lethality of the UCN-01/L744832 regimen. Together, these findings suggest that farnesyltransferase inhibitors interrupt the cytoprotective Akt and MAPK pathways while reciprocally activating SAPK/JNK in leukemia cells exposed to UCN-01 and, in so doing, dramatically increase mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
High Precision Robots for Automated Handling of Micro Objects (1994)

Nanotechnology is a key issue in todayÕs and tomorrowÕs development of advanced products. Soon new tools will be needed to automatically handle and assemble micro-sized objects with nanometer precision, or simply to give human beings the capability of operating in those tiny dimensions. Seeing emerging applications in this Þeld, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich (ETHZ) decided to focus an interdisciplinary project on the theme ÒNanoroboticsÓ, i.e. automated handling of microparts with nanometer resolution. In this paper, after a short description of the goals and the approach taken in this project, some important aspects of the design of high precision robots are stressed. It is especially shown that if a minimum of 6 independent degrees-of-freedom (dof) is required to freely position an object in space, redundant robots will lead to less complicated and more efÞcient mechanical structures. It is then shown, that if a global sensor is used, measuring the relation gripper-object, the only requirement for the mechanical structure is a good resolution. Finally, two new 3 dof planar robot designs are presented. Both of them have unlimited range of motion while having a resolution down to 10 nm. One of them has been controlled using a vision feedback under a light microscope and showed very promising results.
Micronutrient and Protein-Fortified Whole Grain Puffed Rice Made by Supercritical Fluid Extrusion (2012)

Supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) was used to produce shelf-stable puffed rice fortified with protein, dietary fiber, and micronutrients. Product ingredients and process parameters were evaluated for end-product nutritional and textural qualities. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) served as a viscosity-lowering plasticizer and blowing agent during the process, which has been shown to produce expanded products with good textural qualities at lower temperatures (~100 °C) than conventional steam-based extrusion (130-180 °C). The fortified puffed rice contained 8% dietary fiber, 21.5% protein, and iron, zinc, and vitamins A and C at their recommended daily values in 100 g of product. The SCFX process allowed for the complete retention of all added minerals, 55-58% retention of vitamin A, and 64-76% retention of vitamin C. All essential amino acids including lysine were retained at exceptionally high levels (98.6%), and no losses were observed due to Maillard reaction or oxidation. All of the essential amino acid contents were equal to the reference protein recommended by FAO/WHO. Soy protein fortification improved the total amount of protein in the final rice products and provided a complementary amino acid profile to that of rice; the lysine content improved from 35 to 60 mg/protein, making the end product an excellent source of complete protein. Thus, SC-CO(2)-assisted extrusion is an effective process-based approach to produce cereal grain-based, low-moisture (5-8%) expanded products fortified with protein and any cocktail of micronutrients, without compromising the end-product sensory or nutritional qualities. These products are ideally suited for consumption as breakfast cereals, snack foods, and as part of nutrition bars for school lunch programs. The balanced nutritional profile and use of staple crop byproducts such as broken rice makes these expanded crisps unique to the marketplace.
Distributed Join Processing Performance Evaluation (1994)

Eficient join acceleration methods illat combine hybrid Imslring, join indices and domain vectors wirh semi-join techniqires to accelerate distribirted joins ore developed. An analyric performance model wliich nllows for poralle1 execirrion of [lie methods nt each join site ir; dadoped to compare the toro1 task dirration time of the methods. The methods are compared over a wide rnnge of memory sizes, semi-join selectiviiies nnd network transmission speeds. The distribiiied join index method performs well if memory size is large and selectiviry is low. The distributed hybrid liosli meiliod oluw.ys lios [lie advontoge ilioi it reqiiires no residiiol dnin IO be siored between riins, howeve< performonce is poor OI low nerwork tronsmission rotes dire to high pre-senitjoin tronsmission reqirirements. The distribiited doinnin vector liasli meiliod performs well in higli selcctiviiy conditions.
IL-1-Independent Role of IL-17 in Synovial Inflammation and Joint Destruction During Collagen-Induced Arthritis (2001)

T cell IL-17 displays proinflammatory properties and is expressed in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Its contribution to the arthritic process has not been identified. Here, we show that blocking of endogenous IL-17 in the autoimmune collagen-induced arthritis model results in suppression of arthritis. Also, joint damage was significantly reduced. In contrast, overexpression of IL-17 enhanced collagen arthritis. Moreover, adenoviral IL-17 injected in the knee joint of type II collagen-immunized mice accelerated the onset and aggravated the synovial inflammation at the site. Radiographic and histologic analysis showed markedly increased joint destruction. Elevated levels of IL-1beta protein were found in synovial tissue. Intriguingly, blocking of IL-1alphabeta with neutralizing Abs had no effect on the IL-17-induced inflammation and joint damage in the knee joint, implying an IL-1 independent pathway. This direct potency of IL-17 was underscored in the unabated IL-17-induced exaggeration of bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis in IL-1beta(-/-) mice. In conclusion, this data shows that IL-17 contributes to joint destruction and identifies an IL-1-independent role of IL-17. These findings suggest IL-17 to be a novel target for the treatment of destructive arthritis and may have implications for tissue destruction in other autoimmune diseases.
Structure of the Human Ornithine Transcarbamylase Gene1 (1988)

Complementary and genomic DNA clones corresponding to the human ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) [EC 2.1.3.3]mRNA have been isolated and analyzed. The OTC gene is about 73 kilobase pairs (kb) long and contains 10 exons interrupted by 9 introns of highly variable sizes. The smallest intron is 80 base pairs and the largest, 21.7 kb. The 5'- and 3'-flanking regions, entire exons and all the exon/intron boundaries were sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of isolated OTC cDNAs as well as the corresponding regions of the genomic DNA were compared with those of human OTC cDNA (Horwich, A.L., Fenton, W.A., Williams, K.R., Kalousek, F., Kraus, J.P., Doolittle, R.F., Koningsberg, W., & Rosenberg, L.E. (1984) Science 224, 1068-1074). We found 20 nucleotide substitutions among these sequences, of which 6 related to amino acid changes. The nature of these nucleotide substitutions is discussed.
Reactive Ion Beam Etching Using a Broad Beam ECR Ion Source (1982)

A broad beam ion source using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge has been newly developed, giving high reliability in operation. The ion source operates at gas pressures higher than about 3×10 -5 Torr, and an ion current density of 1 mA/cm 2 is obtained at an ion extraction voltage of 1000 V. By introducing C 4 F 8 and SiCl 4 into the ion source, SiO 2 and Al are etched at rates greater than 1000 Å/min, with high selectivities and high-accuracy pattern transfer.
Adjunctive Agents in the Management of Chronic Pain (2001)

Chronic pain syndromes include cancer-related pain, postherpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, and central poststroke pain and are common in the elderly. Adjunctive (or adjuvant) analgesics, defined as drugs that do not contain acetaminophen and those not classified as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or opioid agents, play a role in the management of chronic pain. The term "adjunctive" (or "adjuvant") is a misnomer as several of these agents may constitute first-line therapy for many chronic pain syndromes. Tricyclic antidepressants have formed the backbone of therapy for chronic neuropathic pain for years. However, the difficulty with using agents of this class, due to their clinically significant adverse-event potential, has led to the evaluation of other agents, most notably, the antiepileptic drugs. The most useful are gabapentin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. In selected patients, baclofen, mexiletine, and clonidine may be useful as well. Cancer-related pain may respond substantially to corticosteroids, and pain associated with bone metastases to parenteral bisphosphonates and strontium. Practitioners should consider these alternative agents when treating chronic pain.
Role of Histone H3 Lysine 27 Methylation in X Inactivation (2003)

The Polycomb group (PcG) protein Eed is implicated in regulation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in embryonic cells. The Drosophila homolog of the Eed-Ezh2 PcG protein complex achieves gene silencing through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3-K27), which suggests a role for H3-K27 methylation in imprinted X inactivation. Here we demonstrate that transient recruitment of the Eed-Ezh2 complex to the inactive X chromosome (Xi) occurs during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by H3-K27 methylation. Recruitment of the complex and methylation on the Xi depend on Xist RNA but are independent of its silencing function. Together, our results suggest a role for Eed-Ezh2-mediated H3-K27 methylation during initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation and demonstrate that H3-K27 methylation is not sufficient for silencing of the Xi.
A summary of posters presented at the Symposium on Advanced Wound Care: 2003 and 2004. (2005)

Poster topics and study designs presented at the 2003 and 2004 Symposium on Advanced Wound Care were summarized and compared to gain insight into current wound care developments and trends. The percentage of product-related posters increased from 54% in 2003 to 76.5% in 2004. The greatest increase was observed in the so-called physical treatment modalities category (eg, vacuum-assisted closure, electrical stimulation). They represented 11% of poster topics in 2003 compared to more than 25% in 2004. The proportion of laboratory research studies presented decreased from 25% to 10% of posters while the percentage of clinical case studies increased from 40% to 50%. These observations may provide useful information to clinicians and manufacturers.