gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth-enhanced integral imaging display system with time-multiplexed depth planes using a varifocal liquid lens array (2015)

In this paper, we present a depth enhancing technique for integral imaging (II) system using a varifocal lens array. Expressible depth range of II is restricted in a specific region. If the image gets out of the region, displayed image becomes distorted and broken. The center of the region which called central depth plane (CDP) is defined by the focal length of lens array. In our experiment, liquid lens array is used for II system instead of ordinary solid lens array. The focal length of lens array varies depending on the applied voltage across. As a result, the proposed II system enables control of the location of image planes electrically. With this depth plane controllable system, time multiplexed II system is implemented. For this purpose, two objects of different positions and appropriate voltage level for each object are chosen. In display panel, elemental images for each object are alternately displayed with high frame rate and appropriate voltage levels are applied to the liquid lens array. Because the time period between two sequences is very short, both objects are seems to appear simultaneously. Hence the depth range of the constructed image is enhanced.
MS4A12 Is a Colon-Selective Store-Operated Calcium Channel Promoting Malignant Cell Processes (2008)

Using a data mining approach for the discovery of new targets for antibody therapy of colon cancer, we identified MS4A12, a sequence homologue of CD20. We show that MS4A12 is a cell surface protein. Expression analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed MS4A12 to be a colonic epithelial cell lineage gene confined to the apical membrane of colonocytes with strict transcriptional repression in all other normal tissue types. Expression is maintained upon malignant transformation in 63% of colon cancers. Ca(2+) flux analyses disclosed that MS4A12 is a novel component of store-operated Ca(2+) entry in intestinal cells. Using RNAi-mediated gene silencing, we show that loss of MS4A12 in LoVo colon cancer cells attenuates epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated effects. In particular, proliferation, cell motility, and chemotactic invasion of cells are significantly impaired. Cancer cells expressing MS4A12, in contrast, are sensitized and respond to lower concentrations of epidermal growth factor. In summary, these findings have implications for both the physiology of colonic epithelium as well as for the biology and treatment of colon cancer.
What Is the Evidence That Tumors Are Angiogenesis Dependent? (1990)

Journal Article What Is the Evidence That Tumors Are Angiogenesis Dependent? Get access Judah Folkman Judah Folkman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 4–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.4 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 24 November 1989 Accepted: 27 November 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
Sustained AAV-mediated Dystrophin Expression in a Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy with a Brief Course of Immunosuppression (2007)

Adeno-associated virus-based vector (AAV)-mediated gene delivery has been successful in some animal models of human disease such as the mdx mouse model of human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, recent evidence of immune-mediated loss of vector persistence in dogs and humans suggests that immune modulation might be necessary to achieve successful long-term transgene expression in these species. We have previously demonstrated that direct intramuscular injection of AAV2 or AAV6 in wild-type random-bred dogs resulted in a robust immune response to capsid or capsid-associated proteins. We now demonstrate that a brief course of immunosuppression with a combination of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine (CSP), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is sufficient to permit long-term and robust expression of a canine micro-dystrophin (c-micro-dys) transgene in the skeletal muscle of a dog model for DMD (canine X-linked muscular dystrophy, or cxmd dog) and that its expression restored localization of components of the dystrophin-associated protein complex at the muscle membrane. This protocol has potential applications to human clinical trials to enhance AAV-mediated therapies.
Fully automatic multi‐organ segmentation for head and neck cancer radiotherapy using shape representation model constrained fully convolutional neural networks (2018)

Experiments on clinical datasets of H&N patients demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed deep neural network segmentation method for multi-organ segmentation on volumetric CT scans. The accuracy and robustness of the segmentation were further increased by incorporating shape priors using SMR. The proposed method showed competitive performance and took shorter time to segment multiple organs in comparison to state of the art methods.
Antimicrobial and genotoxic properties of quinoline derivatives. (1994)

We continued our research into the biological properties of quinoline derivatives. Newly synthesized 8-sulfonylquinolines, tested against some representative microbial strains and practically inactive, were also studied for the genotoxic properties. The genotoxicity tests were extended to previously synthesized compounds (some 6-substituted 8-quinolinecarboxylic acids, the amide and some esters of 8-quinolinecarboxylic acid and finally the 8-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and two of its derivatives). Rec-assay and Salmonella-microsome tests showed several compounds to be genotoxic; the mutagenic activity seems to be modulated by the nature of the substituents. The results obtained are discussed with the aim of explaining possible structure-activity relationships.
Discrimination of polymorphic forms of a drug product by localized thermal analysis (2000)

In chemical processing, it is important to distinguish between and identify polymorphic forms. We demonstrate the novel use of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) and localized thermal analysis to distinguish and identify polymorphic forms of the drug cimetidine. These forms cannot be resolved by classical bulk thermal analysis. SThM reveals a sample consisting of a 50 : 50 mixture of the polymorphs contains regions of different thermal conductivity, corresponding to the different polymorphs. Localized thermal analysis of small volumes of pure polymorphic samples (approximately 50 microm3) shows that the origin of the thermal conductivity contrast lies, at least in part, with the presence of a surface water layer on the more hydrophilic polymorph.
Understanding anaphylaxis (2001)

Peanut allergy receives a lot of media coverage but other foods and substances - such as sesame seeds, egg, milk and latex - are also the cause of alarming allergic reactions. What can be done to protect children who have developed an allergy?
Sympathetic Activation in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension and Progression of Organ Damage (1999)

Although animal models of hypertension have clearly shown that high blood pressure is associated with and is probably caused by an increase in sympathetic cardiovascular influences, a similar demonstration in humans has been more difficult to obtain for methodological reasons. There is now evidence, however, of increased sympathetic activity in essential hypertension. This article will review this evidence by examining data showing that plasma norepinephrine is increased in essential hypertension and that this is also the case for systemic and regional norepinephrine spillover, as well as for the sympathetic nerve firing rate in the skeletal muscle nerve district. Evidence will also be provided that sympathetic activation is a peculiar feature of essential hypertension, particularly in its early stages, with secondary forms of high blood pressure not usually characterized by an increased central sympathetic outflow. Humoral, metabolic, reflex, and central mechanisms are likely to be the factors responsible for the adrenergic activation characterizing hypertension, which may also promote the development and progression of the cardiac and vascular alterations that lead to hypertension-related morbidity and mortality, independent of blood pressure values. This represents the rationale for considering sympathetic deactivation one of the major goals of antihypertensive treatment.
Intronic regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 revealed by in vivo transcriptional analysis in ischemia (2005)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays an essential role in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, two processes critical to restoration of tissue perfusion after ischemia. MMP-2 expression is increased in tissue ischemia, but the responsible mechanisms remain unknown. We studied the transcriptional activation of the MMP-2 gene in a model of hindlimb ischemia by using various MMP-2-lacZ reporter mice and chromatin immunoprecipitation. MMP-2 activity and mRNA were increased after hindlimb ischemia. Mice with targeted deletion of MMP-2 had impaired restoration of perfusion and a high incidence of limb gangrene, indicating that MMP-2 plays a critical role in ischemia-induced revascularization. Ischemia induced the expression and binding of c-Fos, c-Jun, JunB, FosB, and Fra2 to a noncanonical activating protein-1 (AP-1) site present in the MMP-2 promoter and decreased binding of the transcriptional repressor JunD. Ischemia also activated the expression and binding of p53 to an adjacent enhancer site (RE-1) and increased expression and binding of nuclear factor of activated T-cells-c2 to consensus sequences within the first intron. Deletion of either the 5' AP-1/RE-1 region of the promoter or substitution of the first intron abolished ischemia-induced MMP-2 transcription in vivo. Thus, AP-1 transcription factors and intronic activation by nuclear factor of activated T-cells-c2 act in concert to drive ischemia-induced MMP-2 transcription. These findings define a critical role for MMP-2 in ischemia-induced revascularization and identify both previously uncharacterized regulatory elements within the MMP-2 gene and the cognate transcription factors required for MMP-2 activation in vivo after tissue ischemia.
Diagnostics and control of radicals in an inductively coupled etching reactor (1995)

Comprehensive measurements of charged particles and neutral radicals in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are performed to understand and control the etching process using a CF4/H2 gas. The electron density in the ICP reactor decreases exponentially in a downstream region while the most abundant ionic species CF+ increases in proportion to the rf power with the CF+3 density almost constant. The neutral radical diagnostics by appearance mass spectrometry indicate 10 times more F atoms and somewhat fewer CFx radicals (x=1–3) in ICP, compared with a high-pressure capacitively coupled plasma diode. Such a small ratio of the CFx density to the F density is possibly a cause of the low etch selectivity of SiO2 to Si in ICP etching. Two innovative methods to achieve the high selectivity in ICPs are demonstrated. One is wall heating (100–200 °C), which leads to a drastic increase in CFx densities with the F density almost constant. The other is a pulse modulation of rf power at 30–50 μs durations where the time-resolved measurement of electron temperatures indicates a 6 μs rise time and a 70 μs decay time. The density ratio CFx/F (x=2,3) increases with decreasing rf-on time. The mechanisms of the radical composition change and the resultant high selectivity in pulsed plasmas are discussed.
A study of high frequency ultrasound scattering from non-nucleated biological specimens (2008)

The high frequency backscatter from cells with a nucleus to cell volume ratio of 0.50 cannot be adequately modeled as a homogeneous sphere. It was hypothesized that the cytoplasm of such cells is of fluid nature. This work attempts to model the ultrasound backscatter (10–62MHz) from some non-nucleated biological specimens. This was done by measuring the backscatter response from individual sea urchin oocytes and comparing it to theoretical predictions in both the time and frequency domains. A good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical results suggesting that the non-nucleated oocytes are of fluid nature.
Detection of Novel Network Attacks Using Data Mining (2003)

This paper introduces the Minnesota Intrusion Detection System (MINDS), which uses a suite of data mining techniques to automatically detect attacks against computer networks and systems. While the long-term objective of MINDS is to address all aspects of intrusion detection, in this paper we present two specific contributions. First, we present MINDS anomaly detection module that assigns a score to each connection that reflects how anomalous the connection is compared to the normal network traffic. Experimental results on live network traffic at the University of Minnesota show that our anomaly detection techniques have been successful in automatically detecting several novel intrusions that could not be identified using state-of-the-art signature-based tools such as SNORT. Many of these have been reported on the CERT/CC list of recent advisories and incident notes. We also present the results of comparing the MINDS anomaly detection module to SPADE (Statistical Packet Anomaly Detection Engine), which is designed to detect stealthy scans.
Formylglycine Aldehyde Tag—Protein Engineering through a Novel Post‐translational Modification (2009)

Oxidation of a specific cysteine residue to C(alpha)-formylglycine is a novel post-translational modification that is directed by a short recognition motif commonly found in pro- and eukaryotic sulfatases. As recently shown by C. Bertozzi and co-workers, this system can be employed in protein engineering to equip proteins with genetically encoded aldehyde tags for site-specific labeling, conjugation and immobilization.
[Electrical stimulation of the genioglossus to improve pharyngeal patency in obstructive sleep apnea: comparison of results obtained during sleep and anesthesia]. (2009)

Contraction of the geniogtossus (GG) has been shown to improve upper airway patency in patients with sleep apnea during sleep and anesthesia. However, a large variability in response exists, requiring selection of adequate patients if GG stimulation should be used as a treatment modality. In the present study, we compared responses in upper airway pressure-flow relationships to electrical stimulation of the GG in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during sleep and mild anesthesia. Nine patients studied during sleep were matched with 9 patients evaluated during propofol anesthesia. Stimulation was performed with fine wire electrodes inserted near the mandibular insertion of the GG. Airflow was measured at muLtiple levels of CPAP, and upper airway collapsibility was defined by the pressure below which airflow ceased (the "critical" pressure, Pcrit). ELectrical stimulation shifted the pressure-flow reLationships toward higher flow Levels in all patients over the entire range of CPAP applied. Pcrit decreased significantly during stimulation-induced contraction of the GG, and similarly in the patients evaluated during sleep and during anesthesia (from 1.6 +/- 2.0 to -1.6 +/- 2.5, and from 1.8 +/- 1.8 to -0.2 +/- 1.8 cmH2O, during steep and anesthesia, respectively, p < 0.01, without a significant change in upstream resistance. Our findings imply that responses in Pcrit to electrical stimulation of the main tongue protrusor during propofoL anesthesia may reflect those observed during sleep, and evaluation of the response of sleep apnea patients to GG stimulation can be evaluated during short anesthesia.
Regulation of Cell Survival by Secreted Proneurotrophins (2001)

Neurotrophins are growth factors that promote cell survival, differentiation, and cell death. They are synthesized as proforms that can be cleaved intracellularly to release mature, secreted ligands. Although proneurotrophins have been considered inactive precursors, we show here that the proforms of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the proforms of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are secreted and cleaved extracellularly by the serine protease plasmin and by selective matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). ProNGF is a high-affinity ligand for p75(NTR) with high affinity and induced p75NTR-dependent apoptosis in cultured neurons with minimal activation of TrkA-mediated differentiation or survival. The biological action of neurotrophins is thus regulated by proteolytic cleavage, with proforms preferentially activating p75NTR to mediate apoptosis and mature forms activating Trk receptors to promote survival.
Identification of Nerve Growth Factor-responsive Element of the TCL1 Promoter as a Novel Negative Regulatory Element (2006)

The serine/threonine kinase, Akt (protein kinase B) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular cell survival. Recently, we demonstrated that the proto-oncogene TCL1, overexpressed in human T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, is an Akt kinase co-activator. Tightly restricted TCL1 gene expression in early developmental cells suggested that the TCL1 gene is regulated at a transcriptional level. To characterize how TCL1 gene expression is regulated, we cloned the 5'-promoter of the TCL1 gene located at human chromosome 14q32. The 5'-TCL1 promoter region contains a TATA box with cis-regulatory elements for Nur77/NGFI-B (nerve growth factor-responsive element (NBRE), CCAAGGTCA), NFkappaB, and fork head transcription factor. Nur77/NGFI-B, an orphan receptor superfamily transcription factor implicated in T-cell apoptosis, is a substrate for Akt. We hypothesized that TCL1 transactivity is regulated through Akt-induced phosphorylation of Nur77/NGFI-B in vivo. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with chromosomal immunoprecipitation assays, wild-type Nur77, but not S350A mutant Nur77, could specifically bind to TCL1-NBRE. A luciferase assay demonstrated that TCL1-NBRE is required for inhibition of TCL1 transactivity upon nerve growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor stimulation, which activates Akt and phosphorylates Nur77. Using a chromosomal immunoprecipitation assay with reverse transcription-PCR, nerve growth factor stimulation inhibited binding of endogenous Nur77 to TCL1-NBRE, in turn, suppressing TCL1 gene expression. The results together establish that TCL1-NBRE is a novel negative regulatory element of Nur77 (NGFI-B). To the best of our knowledge, TCL1-NBRE is the first direct target of Nur77 involving the regulation of intracellular cell death survival. This Akt-induced inhibitory mechanism of TCL1 should play an important role in immunological and/or neuronal development in vivo.
Effects of Neutralization Pattern and Stereochemistry on DNA Bending by Methylphosphonate Substitutions (1997)

Asymmetric phosphate neutralization has been hypothesized to play a role in DNA bending by proteins. Neutralization is thought to involve salt bridges between the negatively charged phosphate backbone of duplex DNA and the cationic amino acids of an approaching protein. According to this model, the resulting unbalanced charge distribution along the duplex DNA induces the double helix to collapse toward the neutralized surface. Previous work has confirmed that DNA bending is induced by the asymmetric incorporation of racemic methylphosphonate linkages creating a neutral region on one face of duplex DNA. Neutralization was accomplished by substitution of three consecutive phosphodiesters on each strand, arranged across one minor groove of the DNA (a total of six neutralized phosphates). We now measure DNA bending induced by a more diffuse patch of neutralization (alternating neutralized and anionic phosphates) and explore the effect of methylphosphonate stereochemistry. DNA duplexes with patches of alternating methylphosphonate and phosphodiester linkages are less bent than DNAs wherein consecutive phosphates are neutralized. Furthermore, duplexes neutralized by incorporation of pure (RP)-methylphosphonate isomers are bent approximately 30% less than duplexes neutralized by racemic methylphosphonates.
Growth of Ultrahigh Density Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests by Improved Catalyst Design (2012)

We have grown vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube forests with an area density of 1.5 × 10(13) cm(-2), the highest yet achieved, by reducing the average diameter of the nanotubes. We use a nanolaminate Fe-Al(2)O(3) catalyst design consisting of three layers of Al(2)O(3), Fe, and Al(2)O(3), in which the lower Al(2)O(3) layer is densified by an oxygen plasma treatment to increase its diffusion barrier properties, to allow a thinner catalyst layer to be used. This high nanotube density is desirable for using carbon nanotubes as interconnects in integrated circuits.
Liver microsomal membrane fluidity and lipid characteristics in vitamin A-deficient rats (1987)

Rat liver microsomes (microsomal fraction) were isolated from vitamin A-deficient and -sufficient rats and analysed for membrane lipid characteristics. Membrane fluidity was found to be significantly decreased in microsomes from the vitamin A-deficient rats, but not in liposomes prepared from lipid extracts. Microsomes from vitamin A-deficient animals showed a significant decrease in C18:2, omega 6 and an increase in C22:5, omega 6 fatty acids.
High Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Narcolepsy with Cataplexy: A Case-Control Study (2008)

The majority of patients with narcolepsy experience a number of symptoms of eating disorders, with an irresistible craving for food and binge eating as the most prominent features. Eating disorder symptomatology interfered with daily activities. These findings justify more attention for eating disorders in the treatment of patients with narcolepsy.
Paste Transfer in the Screening Process (1968)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This discussion describes the relationships of the amount of paste deposited on a ceramic substrate by screening, to certain aspects of the screening process - - such as the mesh size, paste rheology, line width, etc. It is not intended to be a vigorous mathematical or mechanical analysis of the process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The conclusions can be extrapolated not only to an understanding of a part of the mechanism of paste transfer, but to a prediction of screened thickness - - as well as to methods for increasing the uniformity and thickness of screened images. Emulsion screens with stainless steel mesh and etched metal masks are discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
A multiobjective genetic algorithm for feature selection and granularity learning in fuzzy-rule based classification systems (2002)

We propose a new method to automatically learn the knowledge base of a fuzzy rule-based classification system (FRBCS) by selecting an adequate set of features and by finding an appropiate granularity for them. This process uses a multiobjective genetic algorithm and considers a simple generation method to derive the fuzzy classification rules.
Preventing detector blinding attack and other random number generator attacks on quantum cryptography by use of an explicit random number generator (2014)

A particularly successful detector blinding attack has been recently demonstrated on various quantum key distribution (QKD) systems, performing for the first time an undetectable and complete recovery of the key. In this paper two original contributions are given to understanding and prevention of this attack.