gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bismuth Nanotubes:  A Rational Low-Temperature Synthetic Route (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTBismuth Nanotubes: A Rational Low-Temperature Synthetic RouteYadong Li, Junwei Wang, Zhaoxiang Deng, Yiying Wu, Xiaoming Sun, Dapeng Yu, and Peidong YangView Author Information Department of Chemistry Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Laboratory and the Key Laboratory of Atomic & Molecular Nanosciences (Ministry of Education, China), Tsinghua University Beijing, 100084, P.R. China Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Physics, Peking University Beijing, 100084, P.R. China Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 40, 9904–9905Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2001Publication History Received17 June 2001Published online14 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016435jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016435jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5600Altmetric-Citations449LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bismuth,Carbon nanotubes,Chemical structure,Nanotubes,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Television (1983)

The eighties continue to show an ever-increasing advancement in television technology. In 1982, manufacturers concentrated on the enhancement of existing equipment, introducing improved models or new systems which expanded and advanced current technology. High definition television and digital television did not make the noteworthy strides they have made in previous years, but development continues at a steady pace. Resulting from the development of HDTV and digital TV, equipment introduced during 1982 showed quality improvement in all areas of the industry. 1982 saw major changes in the size and weight of equipment. Computer-based equipment for control, setup, and operation continues to be of ever-increasing importance to the industry.
Low-density lipoprotein is the major carrier of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma. Relevance to determination of total plasma lipid hydroperoxide concentrations (1996)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been proposed as the principal carrier of hydroperoxides in plasma, based upon data gathered with an HPLC-chemiluminescence technique. To test this hypothesis we have measured total lipid hydroperoxides in native plasma using the ferrous oxidation in Xylenol Orange (FOX) assay and then fractionated plasma into very-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL fractions. Hydroperoxides were found to accumulate principally (more than 65%) in LDL, as judged by hydroperoxide content per amount of protein or cholesterol, or expressed as a proportion of total hydroperoxide in plasma. Plasma was also incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence and absence of 2,2'-azo-bis-(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), an azo-initiator of lipid peroxidation. The majority of hydroperoxides generated in plasma were recovered in the LDL fraction. Furthermore, when isolated lipoproteins were subject to oxidation initiated by AAPH, very-low-density lipoprotein and LDL showed the greatest propensity for hydroperoxide accumulation, whereas HDL seemed relatively resistant. Estimates for plasma and LDL peroxidation based upon techniques which measure total lipid hydroperoxides suggest that levels of hydroperoxides in plasma and LDL are far higher than that those estimates generated by ostensibly more selective techniques. Higher levels of hydroperoxides in LDL than those reported by HPLC-chemiluminescence also seem in greater accordance with other available data concerning LDL oxidation.
Structure and function of ectoapyrase (CD39) (1998)

Although the presence of nucleotidase activities on the extracellular surface of cells has been known for many years, the enzymes responsible for these activities in animal cells have only recently been identified. Here, we describe how we cloned the gene for potato apyrase and, thus, found the way to identify CD39 as the animal cell ectoapyrase. CD39 has two transmembrane domains, one at each end of the molecule, small cytoplasmic NH2- and COOH-terminal domains, and a large extracellular domain with the enzymatic activity. One of the characteristic features of this enzyme is the loss of activity caused by solubilization with detergents. Exploration of this phenomenon revealed that ectoapyrase (CD39) is a tetramer in the membrane; solubilization with Triton X-100 causes dissociation of the tetramer to monomers with concomitant loss of activity. On the other hand, the enzyme can be solubilized with digitonin without loss of activity and retention of the tetrameric state. The conclusion is that the transmembrane segments of the protein are involved in association of the monomers to tetramers. Drug Dev. Res. 45:245–252, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A group of scs elements function as domain boundaries in an enhancer-blocking assay. (1992)

Chromosomes of higher eukaryotes are thought to be organized into a series of discrete and topologically independent higher-order domains. In addition to providing a mechanism for chromatin compaction, these higher-order domains are thought to define independent units of gene activity. Implicit in most models for the folding of the chromatin fiber are special nucleoprotein structures, the domain boundaries, which serve to delimit each higher-order chromosomal domain. We have used an "enhancer-blocking assay" to test putative domain boundaries for boundary function in vivo. This assay is based on the notion that in delimiting independent units of gene activity, domain boundaries should be able to restrict the scope of activity of enhancer elements to genes which reside within the same domain. In this case, interposing a boundary between an enhancer and a promoter should block the action of the enhancer. In the experiments reported here, we have used the yolk protein-1 enhancer element and an hsp70 promoter:lacZ fusion gene to test putative boundary DNA segments for enhancer-blocking activity. We have found that several scs-like elements are capable of blocking the action of the yp-1 enhancer when placed between it and the hsp70 promoter. In contrast, a MAR/SAR DNA segment and another spacer DNA segment had no apparent effect on enhancer activity.
Prognostic Importance of Defibrillator Shocks in Patients with Heart Failure (2008)

Among patients with heart failure in whom an ICD is implanted for primary prevention, those who receive shocks for any arrhythmia have a substantially higher risk of death than similar patients who do not receive such shocks.
Exciton diffusion and optical interference in organic donor–acceptor photovoltaic cells (2001)

The influence of the organic layer thickness on short-circuit photocurrent spectra and efficiency is investigated in heterojunction photovoltaic cells with the electron donor materials poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPc), respectively, together with C60 as electron acceptor material. The main process of photocurrent generation after light absorption, exciton generation, and exciton diffusion in the bulk of the absorbing material is given by the exciton dissociation at the donor–acceptor interface. We determined a strong dependence of the optimum layer thickness of the absorbing material on the exciton diffusion length by systematically varying the layer thickness of the electron donor material. Additionally, a significant photocurrent contribution occurred due to light absorption and exciton generation in the C60 layer with a subsequent hole transfer to PPV, respectively, CuPc at the dissociation interface. Using a simple rate equation for the exciton density we estimated the exciton diffusion lengths from the measured photocurrent spectra yielding (12±3) nm in PPV and (68±20) nm in CuPc. By systematically varying the layer thickness of the C60 layer we were able to investigate an optical interference effect due to a superposition of the incident with backreflected light from the Al electrode. Therefore both the layer thickness of the donor and of the acceptor layer significantly influence not only the photocurrent spectra but also the efficiencies of these heterolayer devices. With optimized donor and acceptor layer thicknesses power conversion efficiencies of about 0.5% under white light illumination were obtained.
Complex signal demodulation and random body movement cancellation techniques for non-contact vital sign detection (2008)

A complex signal demodulation technique is proposed to eliminate the null detection point problem in non-contact vital sign detection. This technique is robust against DC offset in direct conversion system. Based on the complex signal demodulation, a random body movement cancellation technique is developed to cancel out strong noise caused by random body movement in non-contact vital sign monitoring. Multiple transceivers and antennas with polarization and frequency multiplexing are used to detect signals from different body orientations. The noise due to random body movement is cancelled out based on different patterns of the desired and undesired signals. Experiments by highly compact 5–6 GHz portable radar systems have been performed to verify these two techniques.
Isolation and characterization of a novel gene from human glioblastoma multiforme tumor tissue (1997)

Using the technique of DD-PCR (differential display-polymerase chain reaction) we isolated a novel gene (D2-2) that is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme tissue (GMT) as compared to normal brain tissue (NBT). D2-2 is also highly expressed in recurrent glioma, colon tumor metastatic to brain, breast tumors, prostate tumors and a prostate tumor cell line (LNCaP). Northern blot analysis showed that D2-2 is highly expressed in several tumor cell lines (MOLT lymphoblastic leukemia, SW480 colorectal adrenocarcinoma, A549 lung carcinoma, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, 53 HeLa cells, K-562 chronic myelogeneous leukemia and G361 melanoma) as compared to NBT. Additionally, D2-2 is very highly expressed in cell lines derived from glioblastomas, grade IV astrocytomas, normal human fetal astrocytes (NHFA) and glioma. D2-2 is moderately expressed in neuroblastoma, neuroectodermal and medulloblastoma tumor cell lines. D2-2 expression is localized to the frontal lobe, occipital lobe and the cerebellum in the normal brain. Normal tissues such as thyroid, stomach, adrenal cortex, small intestine and pancreas show high expression of D2-2. We also show that D2-2 is expressed 28-fold higher in fetal brain (20 weeks) than in adult brain. Sequence analysis of a 2.0-kb fragment for D2-2 shows no homology to known sequences in the data base. Int. J. Cancer 71:565-572, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Targeted inactivation of Gαidoes not alter cardiac function or β-adrenergic sensitivity (2001)

Inhibitory Galpha(i) protein increases in the myocardium during hypertrophy and has been associated with beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) desensitization, contractile dysfunction, and progression of cardiac disease. The role of Galpha(i) proteins in mediating basal cardiac function and beta-AR response in nonpathological myocardium, however, is uncertain. Transgenic mice with targeted inactivation of Galpha(i2) or Galpha(i3) were examined for in vivo cardiac function with the use of conscious echocardiography and for ex vivo cardiac response to inotropic stimulation with the use of Langendorff blood-perfused isolated hearts and adult ventricular cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography revealed that percent fractional shortening and heart rate were similar among wild-type, Galpha(i2)-null, and Galpha(i3)-null mice. Comparable baseline diastolic and contractile performance was also observed in isolated hearts and isolated ventricular myocytes from wild-type mice and mice lacking Galpha(i) proteins. Isoproterenol infusion enhanced diastolic and contractile performance to a similar degree in wild-type, Galpha(i2)-null, and Galpha(i3)-null mice. These data demonstrate no observable role for inhibitory G proteins in mediating basal cardiac function or sensitivity to beta-AR stimulation in nonpathological myocardium.
Dependence of semiconductor laser linewidth on measurement time: evidence of predominance of 1/ f noise (1985)

Linewidths of 1.3 μm InGaAsP lasers were measured by using delayed self-heterodyne set-ups with two different delay-line lengths, i.e. with two equivalent measurement times. It has been found that in high-power operation the linewidth increases as the measurement time becomes longer, and that this dependence is explained well by a calculation assuming that the 1/f noise in the FM noise spectrum is the predominant cause of the spectral broadening. The significance of this fact in coherent optical communications is discussed.
Enhanced Raman scattering by fractal clusters: Scale-invariant theory (1992)

A scale-invariant theory of Raman scattering of light by fractal clusters is developed. The enhancement factor ${\mathit{G}}^{\mathrm{RS}}$ of Raman scattering is shown to scale in terms of a properly chosen spectral variable X. The critical indices of the enhancement factor are found to be determined by the optical spectral dimension of the fractal. Numerical modeling is carried out and shown to support the analytical results obtained. The theory, which does not contain any adjustable parameters, agrees well with experimental data on surface-enhanced Raman scattering over a wide spectral range.
A Novel, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Suicide Substrate Inhibits Motility and Growth of Lung Cancer Cells (2008)

Although chemokine and growth factor receptors are attractive and popular targets for cancer therapeutic intervention, structure-based targeting of the ligands themselves is generally not considered practical. New evidence indicates that a notable exception to this is macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF, an autocrine- and paracrine-acting cytokine/growth factor, plays a pivotal role in both the initiation and maintenance of neoplastic diseases. MIF possesses a nonphysiologic enzymatic activity that is evolutionarily well-conserved. Although small molecule antagonists of MIFs enzymatic active site have been reported to inhibit biological activities of MIF, universally high IC(50)s have limited their clinical appeal. Using a computational virtual screening strategy, we have identified a unique small molecule inhibitor that serves as a suicide substrate for MIF, resulting in the covalent modification of the catalytically active NH(2)-terminal proline. Our studies further reveal that this compound, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), is approximately 5x to 10x times more potent in blocking MIF-dependent catalysis and lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and anchorage-independent growth than the prototypical MIF inhibitor, ISO-1. Finally, using an in silico combinatorial optimization strategy, we have identified four unique congeners of 4-IPP that exhibit MIF inhibitory activity at concentrations 10x to 20x lower than that of parental 4-IPP.
Differentiation of the Properties of the Branching Isozymes from Maize (Zea mays) (1993)

The multiple forms of branching enzyme (BE) from developing maize (Zea mays) endosperm were purified by modification of previous procedures such that amylase activity could be eliminated completely from the BE preparation. Three distinct assays for BE activity (phosphorylase a stimulation assay, BE linkage assay, and iodine stain assay) were used to characterize and differentiate the properties of the BE isoforms. This study presents the first evidence that the BE isoforms differ in their action on amylopectin. BEI had the highest activity in branching amylose, but its rate of branching amylopectin was less than 5% of that of branching amylose. Conversely, BEII isoforms had lower rates in branching amylose (about 9-12% of that of BEI) and had higher rates of branching amylopectin (about 6-fold) than BEI. The implication of these findings to the mechanism of amylopectin synthesis in vivo are discussed.
Interference without an interferometer: a different approach to measuring, compressing, and shaping ultrashort laser pulses (2008)

The inherent brevity of ultrashort laser pulses prevents a direct measurement of their electric field as a function of time; therefore different approaches based on autocorrelation have been used to characterize them. We present a discussion, guided by experimental studies, regarding accurate measurement, compression, and shaping of ultrashort laser pulses without autocorrelation or interferometry. Our approach based on phase shaping, multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan, provides a direct measurement of the spectral phase. Illustrations of this method include new results demonstrating wavelength independence, compatibility with sub-5fs pulses, and a perfect match for experimental coherent control and biomedical imaging applications.
A review of the direct and indirect effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on vertebrate wildlife (2014)

Concerns over the role of pesticides affecting vertebrate wildlife populations have recently focussed on systemic products which exert broad-spectrum toxicity. Given that the neonicotinoids have become the fastest-growing class of insecticides globally, we review here 150 studies of their direct (toxic) and indirect (e.g. food chain) effects on vertebrate wildlife--mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. We focus on two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and clothianidin, and a third insecticide, fipronil, which also acts in the same systemic manner. Imidacloprid and fipronil were found to be toxic to many birds and most fish, respectively. All three insecticides exert sub-lethal effects, ranging from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, and impaired immune function, to reduced growth and reproductive success, often at concentrations well below those associated with mortality. Use of imidacloprid and clothianidin as seed treatments on some crops poses risks to small birds, and ingestion of even a few treated seeds could cause mortality or reproductive impairment to sensitive bird species. In contrast, environmental concentrations of imidacloprid and clothianidin appear to be at levels below those which will cause mortality to freshwater vertebrates, although sub-lethal effects may occur. Some recorded environmental concentrations of fipronil, however, may be sufficiently high to harm fish. Indirect effects are rarely considered in risk assessment processes and there is a paucity of data, despite the potential to exert population-level effects. Our research revealed two field case studies of indirect effects. In one, reductions in invertebrate prey from both imidacloprid and fipronil uses led to impaired growth in a fish species, and in another, reductions in populations in two lizard species were linked to effects of fipronil on termite prey. Evidence presented here suggests that the systemic insecticides, neonicotinoids and fipronil, are capable of exerting direct and indirect effects on terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate wildlife, thus warranting further review of their environmental safety.
The biology of the Batbug Stricticimex antennatus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in South Africa (1976)

A colony of Stricticimex antennatus Ferris & Usinger from a bat-roost near Pietermaritzburg, Natal, was estimated to contain more than 50000 individuals. The batbugs were observed to feed on Myotis tricolor, Rhinolophus simulator, R. clivosus, Nycteris thebacia, and Hipposideros caffer. People entering the bat-roost were bitten, and several developed skin sensitivity to the bites. In the laboratory batbugs were fed on rabbits and rats, and found to undergo five nymphal instars. Moulting did not take place in unfed individuals. The aggregating and orientation behaviour of the batbugs in response to simple stimuli is descriptionbed.
Regulation of Genome Rearrangement Events during Lymphocyte Differentiation (1986)

Analyses of A-MuLV transformed cell lines have provided fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms which control the rearrangement events leading to the expression of specific antigen receptor genes. These studies have clearly indicated that tissue-specific, developmental stage-specific, and allelically excluded assembly of Ig H and L chain and TCR variable region genes are very strictly regulated processes and, furthermore, that this regulation probably is effected at the level of the accessibility of the individual sets of V gene segments to a common recombinase. More preliminary studies have also suggested that accessibility targeting may be involved in the regulation of directed Ig H chain class-switch recombination events. Currently, we do not understand the nature of "accessible" DNA sequences and we have little understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Ig (and potentially TCR) chains mediate the regulation of specific recombination events by signaling changes in the accessibility of the various loci. However, an ideal model system for the analysis of these questions is currently available in the form of A-MuLV transformed pre-B cell lines which, in a properly regulated fashion, undergo all of the various recombination events associated with the pre-B stage of B cell differentiation.
APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN CANCER THERAPY (1984)

Journal Article APPLICATIONS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN CANCER THERAPY Get access R O DILLMAN, MD, R O DILLMAN, MD University of California San Diego School of Medicine, VA Medical Center, UCSD Cancer CenterSan Diego CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I ROYSTON, MD I ROYSTON, MD University of California San Diego School of Medicine, VA Medical Center, UCSD Cancer CenterSan Diego CA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 3, 1984, Pages 240–246, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071984 Published: 01 September 1984
Substituent effects on tautomerisation constants of alkylaryltriazenes (1982)

Both tautomers of propyl-p-nitrophenyl-, -p-cyanophenyl-, -3,5-dichlorophenyl-, -3,4-dichlorophenyl-, and -p-chlorophenyl-triazenes are directly observable by 1H n.m.r. at 200 MHz in CD3CN at 25 °C. In addition, lower temperature studies enable the two tautomers of propyl-p-methylphenyl- and-p-methoxyphenyl-triazenes to be quantitated. At –45 °C rotamers about the N–N bond of the conjugated tautomers are also separately observable. 13C N.m.r. studies of the p-nitro- and p-chloro-compounds suggest tautomerisation involves the less abundant rotamer of the conjugated tautomer and the unconjugated tautomer. The position of equilibrium at 25 °C is described by log ([C3H7N : NNHAr]/[C3H7NHN : NAr])=(0.67 ± 0.13)–(0.31 ± 0.04)pKa(ArNH3+). 13C, as well as 1H n.m.r. studies indicate that change of solvent to (CD3)2SO, CD3CN–(CD3)2SO, or CD3CN–(CD3)2SO–H2O has little effect. Neither, in the p-nitrophenyl case, does change of the propyl group for benzyl.