gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The hepoxilins. A review. (1999)

This manuscript reviews the literature on hepoxilins to date. It affords a review of the structures, nomenclature, biosynthesis, catabolism and biological actions of the hepoxilins and some of their chemical analogs. Some unpublished data are also presented. The primary biological action of the hepoxilins appears to relate to their ability to release calcium from intracellular stores through a receptor-mediated action. The receptor is intracellular, and appears to be G-protein coupled. The conversion of hepoxilin into its omega-hydroxy catabolite has recently been demonstrated through the action of an omega-hydroxylase. This enzyme is different from that which oxidizes leukotriene B4, as the former activity is lost when the cell is disrupted, while leukotriene B4-catabolic activity is recovered in both the intact and disrupted cell. Additionally, hepoxilin catabolism is inhibited by CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, while leukotriene catabolism is unaffected. As hepoxilins cause the translocation of calcium from intracellular stores in the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, it is speculated that hepoxilin omega-oxidation takes place in the mitochondria, and the omega-oxidation product facilitates accumulation of the elevated cytosolic calcium by the mitochondria. The biological activity of stable analogs of the hepoxilins is also described which inhibit the calcium-releasing actions of neutrophil inflammatory mediators.
The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. (1976)

The relationship between the size distribution of vessels in an implanted tumor, the size distribution of tumor cell clumps collected in the venous effluent of the tumor, and the development of pulmonary metastases have been studied. The purpose is to evaluate the importance of clumps and their site of formation in the metastatic process. The results demonstrate a negative exponential character for both the size distribution of effluent tumor clumps and the tumor vessel population. Tumor trauma or massage increases total tumor cells and clumps released into the effluent. Serial amputation demonstrates that tumor cells are continuously being released on a day-by-day basis in vivo. A linear relationship exists between the proportion of vessels with diameters large enough to pass a tumor clump of a given size and the proportion of clumps of that size within the venous effluent. Injection of tumor cells in clumps of 6 to 7 cells produces a significantly greater number of metaststic foci than does a similar number of single tumor cells; larger clumps produce significantly more metastatic foci than do smaller clumps matched for the number of cells. These studies verify the significance of tumor clumps in the metastatic process. It is suggested that tumor cell clumps arise locally within the vascular bed of the tumor.
Reduction of membrane fouling in the ultrafiltration of binary protein mixtures (1991)

Abstract It is well known that separation efficiency and solute rejection change when two or more proteins are ultrafiltered. This phenomenon is primarily due to membrane fouling and is not significantly influenced by concentration polarization. If membrane fouling is the dominant resistance, then negative transmembrane pressure pulsing might significantly reduce this barrier. A study was performed to determine the effect of negative transmembrane pressure pulsing on solute rejection for an albumin and gamma‐globulin mixture in ultrafiltration. Pulsing improved solute flux for all cross‐flow rates investigated including turbulent conditions by as much as two orders of magnitude. Under certain pulsing conditions, substantially higher solute flux was obtained for operations involving increased concentration polarization. This study reveals that negative transmembrane pressure pulsing can be effective in lowering the solute flux resistance that is observed in binary protein mixture ultrafiltration.
Automatic docking system for recharging home surveillance robots (2011)

This paper presents the development and characterization of a surveillance robot with automatic docking and recharging capabilities for home security. The proposed system is composed of a surveillance robot and a docking station. The palm-sized surveillance robot has a triangular shape with three wheels. It communicates with the general wireless home router through WiFi. It communicates with the docking station through ZigBee and serves as a mobile wireless sensor network gateway. The docking station has a trapezoidal structure with an arc-shaped docking interface. A docking method based on the self-localization of the robot and the infrared detectors of the docking station is proposed. The robot can return to the docking station for recharging operations when the on-board battery is too low. The experimental results show that the prototype robot achieved a success rate of 90% after 60 different docking attempts.
Stable non-covalent functionalisation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by pyrene–polyethylene glycol through π–π stacking (2008)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are good candidates to construct nanostructured, implantable micro-electrodes since they are conductive materials and may increase the overall electrode surface area, and thus the signal/noise ratio. However, the adsorption of biomolecules on CNTs is well-known to lead to a surface passivation. In this context, a surface modification appears essential to overcome these limitations. In this paper, the non-covalent functionalisation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by pyrene–PEG molecules through π–π stacking is presented. We describe in the first part the functionalisation of MWNT powders in aqueous solution for which we obtained a stable dispersion of functionalised MWNTs. The stability of the non-covalently functionalised MWNT dispersion during 7 cycles of dialysis in H2O was studied by UV spectroscopy. The density of pyrene–PEG on the MWNT surface stabilised at about 4 × 1011 molecules mm−2 after 4 cycles of dialysis (all the free pyrene–PEG molecules were removed by dialysis). Next, this non-covalent functionalisation of MWNT arrays on a substrate was examined. After the functionalisation, the increase of the MWNT wettability led to a 50-fold increase of the capacitance of the MWNT nanostructured electrode. Finally, we chose streptavidin, a well-known adhesive protein, as an example to test the efficiency of functionalised MWNTs towards preventing non-specific adsorption. The result shows that the presence of pyrene–PEG on the MWNT surface is indeed efficient.
High conversion and productive catalyst turnovers in cross-metathesis reactions of natural oils with 2-butene (2006)

High conversion and selectivity can be obtained for the cross-metathesis of 2-butene with triglycerides and unsaturated fatty acid esters derived from natural oils. This can be achieved with remarkably high productive catalyst turnovers using second-generation ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts.
High-resolution in situ hybridization using DNA halo preparations (1992)

To improve DNA resolution of fluorescence in situ hybridization we have adapted a nuclear extraction technique, resulting in highly extended DNA loops arranged around the nuclear matrix in a halo-like structure. In situ hybridization signals from alphoid and cosmid DNAs appear as beads-on-a-string, which, according to preliminary experiments, results from the association of individual probe fragments. By multicolor hybridizations we have been able to determine relative map position and to easily detect 10 kb overlap between individual cosmid clones, each of which shows linear beaded signals of ca. 10 microns, suggesting that the DNA is essentially linearized in our protocol. The map configuration can be typically derived from analysis of 5-10 cells only. The resolution range of the technique is at least 10-200 kb, and probably as little as a few kb, thus greatly extending the abilities of the existing FISH methodologies. This novel technique is much more efficient and practicable than pronuclei hybridizations, another method for high resolution FISH, and readily produces results with probes of a variety of genomic origin. In conclusion the DNA halo technique should be able to contribute significantly to the assessment of cosmid and YAC overlaps as well as to the sizing of gaps between adjacent contigs generated in genome projects.
Cultured human ankle and knee cartilage differ in susceptibility to damage mediated by fibronectin fragments (1998)

According to numerous cadaveric, radiographic, and clinical studies, ankle and knee joints differ in susceptibility to osteoarthritis. To test for biochemical differences in susceptibility to damage, a chondrocytic chondrolysis system has been utilized. In this system, fibronectin fragments are added to cultured cartilage explants, resulting in enhanced release of catabolic cytokines, induction of matrix metalloproteinases, temporary suppression of proteoglycan synthesis, and consequently, severe loss of cartilage proteoglycan. We found that the addition of an amino-terminal thrombin-generated 29-kDa fibronectin fragment to cultured knee cartilage from 14 donors (average age: 53 years) usually caused a 30-50% decrease in proteoglycan content by day 7. However, of the ankle cartilage specimens examined from 21 donors (average age: 50 years), only three showed damage by day 7, one by day 14, and six by day 21, and 11 were not damaged until day 28. For eight of the donors (average age: 44 years), both knee and ankle cartilages were obtained: this allowed comparison between tissues from the same donor. The analysis showed that the ankle cartilage was much more refractory to damage than was the knee cartilage from the same donor. These data clearly show differences between ankle and knee cartilage in susceptibility to the fibronectin fragments and suggest the feasibility of use of these fragments for discerning differences in homeostasis of the ankle and knee cartilage.
Toyota's newly developed hybrid powertrain (2002)

Toyota has developed a hybrid powertrain system based on a new concept. This system includes a drive train which features a planetary gear mechanism for division of the drive force and two motor/generators. Computer control is used to optimize engine fuel consumption, minimize exhaust emissions, stop and start the engine and apply regenerative braking. The system also uses newly developed, high-output Ni-MH batteries. Test vehicles fitted with this new hybrid system realized approximately twice the fuel economy of the conventional model and exhibited a high level of potential in terms of minimizing exhaust emissions.
Regulation of plant gene expression by antisense RNA (1990)

Regulation of gene expression by antisense RNA was first discovered as a naturally-occurring phenomenon in bacteria. Recently natural antisense RNAs have been found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms; their in vivo function is, however, obscure. Deliberate expression of antisense RNA in animal and plant systems has lead to successful down-regulation of specific genes. We will review the current status of antisense gene action in plant systems. The recent discovery that 'sense' genes are able to mimic the action of antisense genes indicates that (anti)sense genes must operate by mechanisms other than RNA-RNA interaction.
Prospects for Treatment of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers with Ribavirin, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug (1989)

Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, is active against hemorrhagic fever viruses (with the exception of Ebola virus) in cell culture systems. In model infections with arenaviruses in guinea pigs and monkeys, ribavirin has demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. In therapeutic studies it has not prevented late-onset neurologic disease. In human cases of Lassa fever, it significantly reduces mortality when administered before day 7 of illness to persons at high risk. In rodents and monkeys infected with Rift Valley fever virus, ribavirin therapy resulted in reduced mortality; prophylactic administration to volunteers infected with sandfly fever virus, Sicilian strain, prevented development of illness. Ribavirin increased the number of survivors and the mean time to death in suckling mice infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and in suckling mice infected with Hantaan virus. In the People's Republic of China, ribavirin significantly reduced mortality in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Ribavirin has not been effective in animal models of filoviral and flaviviral infections. The only important adverse effect of ribavirin in humans is manageable, reversible anemia.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Risk of Symptomatic DVT Associated With (2010)

Background: Previous studies undertaken to identify risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-associated DVT have yielded conﬂ icting results. PICC insertion teams and other health-care providers need to understand the risk factors so that they can develop methods to prevent DVT. Methods: A 1-year prospective observational study of PICC insertions was conducted at a 456-bed, level I trauma center and tertiary referral hospital afﬁ liated with a medical school. All patients with one or more PICC insertions were included to identify the incidence and risk factors for symptomatic DVT associated with catheters inserted by a facility-certiﬁ ed PICC team using a consistent and replicated approach for vein selection and insertion.
Rosetting of human red blood cells to thymocytes and thymus-derived cells. (1973)

Human thymocytes bind with human red blood cells (HRBC) and neuraminidase-treated HRBC (nHRBC) forming rosettes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and tonsillar lymphocytes bind to nHRBC but not HRBC. The conditions which lead to nHRBC rosette formation are similar to those required for rosette formation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The rosetting of human lymphocytes to nHRBC does not require serum but is prevented by pretreatment of the lymphocytes with sodium azide, proteolytic enzymes, 50°C for 7 min, or anti-T cell (but not anti-B cell) serum. Peripheral lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia do not rosette with either HRBC or nHRBC. Therefore, the nHRBC rosetting lymphocyte is a living T cell. It is proposed that this in vitro test may simulate an in vivo mechanism for immune surveillance.
Reactions catalyzed by minerals. Part III. The mechanism of spontaneous interlamellar polymerizations in aluminosilicates (1968)

Abstract The spontaneous polymerization of hydroxymethacrylate monomers by the layer aluminosilicate montmorillonite is reported. Saturation of montmorillonite by acrylic monomers gives interlayer complexes of three types, only one of which is susceptible to spontaneous polymerization. Electron‐donating sites situated within the silicate lamellae initiate the spontaneous polymerization which it is suggested proceeds by a mechanism involving radical‐anions. The results of this study together with those reported previously are used to explain the variety of effects noted when aluminosilicates are added to or heated with vinyl or acrylic monomers.
Superhydrophobic Thin Films Fabricated by Reactive Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers (2010)

We report an approach to the fabrication of superhydrophobic thin films that is based on the 'reactive' layer-by-layer assembly of azlactone-containing polymer multilayers. We demonstrate that films fabricated from alternating layers of the azlactone functionalized polymer poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PVDMA) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) exhibit micro- and nanoscale surface features that result in water contact angles in excess of 150º. Our results reveal that the formation of these surface features is (i) dependent upon film thickness (i.e., the number of layers of PEI and PVDMA deposited) and (ii) that it is influenced strongly by the presence (or absence) of cyclic azlactone-functionalized oligomers that can form upon storage of the 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDMA) used to synthesize PVDMA. For example, films fabricated using polymers synthesized in the presence of these oligomers exhibited rough, textured surfaces and superhydrophobic behavior (i.e., advancing contact angles in excess of 150º). In contrast, films fabricated from PVDMA polymerized in the absence of this oligomer (e.g., using freshly distilled monomer) were smooth and only moderately hydrophobic (i.e., advancing contact angles of ~75º). The addition of authentic, independently synthesized oligomer to samples of distilled VDMA at specified and controlled concentrations permitted reproducible fabrication of superhydrophobic thin films on the surfaces of a variety of different substrates. The surfaces of these films were demonstrated to be superhydrophobic immediately after fabrication, but they became hydrophilic after exposure to water for six days. Additional experiments demonstrated that it was possible to stabilize and prolong the superhydrophobic properties of these films (e.g., advancing contact angles in excess of 150° even after complete submersion in water for at least six weeks) by exploiting the reactivity of residual azlactones to functionalize the surfaces of the films using hydrophobic amines (e.g., aliphatic or semi-fluorinated aliphatic amines). Our results demonstrate a straightforward and substrate-independent approach to the design of superhydrophobic and reactive polymer-based coatings of potential use in a broad range of fundamental and applied contexts.
Definition of the Upstream Efficiency Element of the Simian Virus 40 Late Polyadenylation Signal by Using In Vitro Analyses (1992)

The polyadenylation signal for the late mRNAs of simian virus 40 is known to have sequence elements located both upstream and downstream of the AAUAAA which affect efficiency of utilization of the signal. The upstream efficiency element has been previously characterized by using deletion mutations and transfection analyses. Those studies suggested that the upstream element lies between 13 and 48 nucleotides upstream of the AAUAAA. We have utilized in vitro cleavage and polyadenylation reactions to further define the upstream element. 32P-labeled substrate RNAs were prepared by in vitro transcription from wild-type templates as well as from mutant templates having deletions and linker substitutions in the upstream region. Analysis of these substrates defined the upstream region as sequences between 13 and 51 nucleotides upstream of the AAUAAA, in good agreement with the in vivo results. Within this region, three core elements with the consensus sequence AUUUGURA were identified and were specifically mutated by linker substitution. These core elements were found to contain the active components of the upstream efficiency element. Using substrates with both single and double linker substitution mutations of core elements, we observed that the core elements function in a distance-dependent manner. In mutants containing only one core element, the effect on efficiency increases as the distance between the element and the AAUAAA decreases. In addition, when core elements are present in multiple copies, the effect is additive. The core element consensus sequence, which bears homology to the Sm protein complex-binding site in human U1 RNA, is also found within the upstream elements of the ground squirrel hepatitis B and cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation signals (R. Russnak, Nucleic Acids Res. 19:6449-6456, 1991; H. Sanfacon, P. Brodmann, and T. Hohn, Genes Dev. 5:141-149, 1991), suggesting functional conservation of this element between mammals and plants.
40 x 30 cm flat-panel imager for angiography, R&F, and cone-beam CT applications (2001)

Preliminary results are presented from the PaxScan 4030A; a 40x30cm, 2048 x 1536 landscape, flat panel imager, with 194um pixel pitch. This imager builds on our experience with the PaxScan 2520, a 127um real-time flat panel detector capable of both high-resolution radiography and low dose fluoroscopy. While the PS2520 has been applied in C-arms, neuroangiography, cardiac imaging and small area radiographic units, the larger active area of the PaxScan 4030A addresses the broader applications of angiography, general R&F and cone-beam CT. The PaxScan 4030A has the same electrical and software interfaces as the PS2520; however, a number of innovations have been incorporated into the 4030A to increase its versatility. The most obvious change is that the data interface between the receptor and command processor has been reduced to one very flexible and thin fiber-optic cable. A second new feature for the 4030A is the use of split datalines. Split datalines facilitate scanning the two halves of the array in parallel, cutting the readout time in half and increasing the time window for pulsed x-ray delivery to 15ms at 30fps. In addition, split datalines result in lower noise, which, coupled with the larger signal of the 194um pixels, enables high quality imaging at lower fluoroscopy doses rates.
Mixed Mg/Li Amides of the Type R2NMgCl⋅LiCl as Highly Efficient Bases for the Regioselective Generation of Functionalized Aryl and Heteroaryl Magnesium Compounds (2006)

Two are better than one: Mixed lithium-magnesium complexes of the type R2NMgCl⋅LiCl are kinetically highly active bases that convert a range of polyfunctional aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates into the corresponding magnesiated derivatives with high regioselectivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504024_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
DNA conformation and base number simultaneously determined in a nanopore (2007)

When dsDNA polymers containing identical number of base pairs were electrophoresed through a nanopore in a voltage biased silicon nitride membrane, the measured time integral of blocked ionic current (the event-charge-deficit, ecd, Fologea, D., Gershow, M., Ledden, B., McNabb, D. S. et al.., Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1905-1909) for each translocation event was the same regardless of whether the molecules were in a linear, circular relaxed, or supercoiled form. Conversely, when DNA polymers containing different numbers of base pairs were electrophoresed through a nanopore, the ecd depended strongly on, and predicted the value of, the molecule's number of base pairs. Measurements showed that the magnitude of the current blockages was strongly affected by a molecule's form. The current blockages exhibited characteristic differences that distinguished among single-stranded linear, double-stranded linear, circular relaxed, and supercoiled forms. Because the data that establish ecd are usually determined concomitantly with current blockade measurements, our results show that a single nanopore assay can simultaneously determine both DNA conformation and base number.
Peptide Growth Factors and Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Cancer (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1987Peptide Growth Factors and Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Cancer M.B. Sporn and A.B. Roberts M.B. SpornM.B. Sporn More articles by this author and A.B. RobertsA.B. Roberts More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44124-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Peptide Growth Factors and Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 137(3), pp. 588–589 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 3March 1987Page: 588-589 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.B. Sporn More articles by this author A.B. Roberts More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...