gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of human very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and characterization of its deficiency in seven patients. (1995)

Mitochondrial very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) was purified from human liver. The molecular masses of the native enzyme and the subunit were estimated to be 154 and 70 kD, respectively. The enzyme was found to catalyze the major part of mitochondrial palmitoylcoenzyme A dehydrogenation in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and skin fibroblasts (89-97, 86-99, 96-99, and 78-87%, respectively). Skin fibroblasts from 26 patients suspected of having a disorder of mitochondrial beta-oxidation were analyzed for VLCAD protein using immunoblotting, and 7 of them contained undetectable or trace levels of the enzyme. The seven deficient fibroblast lines were characterized by measuring acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenation activities, overall palmitic acid oxidation, and VLCAD protein synthesis using pulse-chase, further confirming the diagnosis of VLCAD deficiency. These results suggested the heterogenous nature of the mutations causing the deficiency in the seven patients. Clinically, all patients with VLCAD deficiency exhibited cardiac disease. At least four of them presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This frequency (> 57%) was much higher than that observed in patients with other disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation that may be accompanied by cardiac disease in infants.
Intracellular signaling of transcription and secretion of type IV collagen after angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy in cultured proximal tubular cells. (1991)

Physiologic concentrations of angiotensin II (AII) can induce cellular hypertrophy in murine proximal tubular epithelium (MCT cells). This response is characterized by an increase in cell size, new protein synthesis, and by the secretion of new basement membrane type IV collagen in the absence of cellular proliferation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the second messengers of these AII-induced cellular events with special reference to the increase in type IV collagen secretion. In initial experiments we observed that pretreatment of MCT cells with agents that increase concentrations of intracellular cAMP, like forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP, and isobutyl-methyl-xanthine abolish AII-induced amino acid incorporation, but have no effect on control cells or on their proliferation. In addition, 10(-8) M AII significantly decreased the concentration of intracellular cAMP. Phorbolesters were without significant effect on the hypertrophy or proliferation of AII-stimulated MCT cells or their rested controls. The transfection of MCT cells with reporter genes containing regulatory elements for type IV collagen revealed that the stimulatory effects of AII on collagen type IV depend, at least to some extent, on an increase in gene transcription. Agents increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations inhibited the AII-induced increase in transcription and secretion of collagen type IV, but had no effect on MCT cells grown in media without AII. Our findings provide evidence that AII-induced changes in tubular epithelium leading to the secretion of type IV collagen are mediated by a decrease in intracellular cAMP.
The Prevalence and Disability Burden of Adult Migraine in England and their Relationships to Age, Gender and Ethnicity (2003)

This study estimates the 1-year prevalence of migraine in adults in England in relation to the major demographic variables of age, gender and ethnicity, and describes some of its features, including aspects of consequential disability. A telephone survey was conducted of a random sample (n = 4007) of the population aged 16-65 years of mainland England using a previously validated diagnostic interview. The response rate was 76.5%. Overall, 7.6% of males and 18.3% of females reported migraine with or without aura within the last year meeting diagnostic criteria closely approximate to those of the International Headache Society. Prevalence of migraine varied with age, rising through early adult life and declining in the late 40s and early 50s. Prevalence was higher in Caucasians than in other races. Attack rates were > or = 1/month in most migraineurs, and most experienced interference with daily activities in > or = 50% of their attacks. On average, an estimated 5.7 working days were lost per year for every working or student migraineur, although the most disabled 10% accounted for 85% of the total. Results were in keeping with those from surveys in other countries. If these findings in mainland England are projected to the entire UK population, we estimate that 5.85 million people aged 16-65 years experience 190 000 migraine attacks every day and lose 25 million days from work or school each year because of them. Migraine is an important public health problem in the UK, associated with very substantial costs.
Cloning and Characterization of Type III Iodothyronine Deiodinase from the Fish Oreochromis niloticus (1999)

Type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the inner ring deiodination (IRD) of T 4 and T 3 to the inactive metabolites rT 3 and 3,3Ј-diiodothyronine (3,3Ј-T2), respectively.Here we describe the cloning and characterization of complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for D3 in fish (Oreochromis niloticus, tilapia).This cDNA contains 1478 nucleotides and codes for a protein of 267 amino acids, including a putative selenocysteine (Sec) residue, encoded by a TGA triplet, at position 131.The deduced amino acid sequence shows 57-67% identity with frog, chicken, and mammalian D3, 33-39% identity with frog, fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and mammalian D2, and 30 -35% identity with fish (tilapia), chicken, and mammalian D1.The 3Ј UTR contains a putative Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element.Recom-
Dynamics of constitutive heterochromatin: two contrasted kinetics of genome restructuring in early cloned bovine embryos (2009)

Efficient reprograming of the donor cell genome in nuclear transfer (NT) embryos is linked to the ability of the embryos to sustain full-term development. As the nuclear architecture has recently emerged as a key factor in the regulation of gene expression, we questioned whether early bovine embryos obtained from transfer of cultured fibroblasts into enucleated oocytes would adopt an embryo-like nuclear organization. We studied the dynamics of constitutive heterochromatin in the stages prior to embryonic genome activation by distribution analysis of heterochromatin protein CBX1 (HP1), centromeric proteins CENPA and CENPB, and histone H3 three-methylated at lysine 9. Then we applied descriptive, quantitative, and co-localization analyses. A dramatic reorganization of heterochromatic blocks of somatic donor cells was first observed in the late one-cell stage NT embryos. Then at two- and four-cell stages, we found two types of NT embryos: one displaying noncondensed heterochromatin patches similar to IVF embryos, whereas the second type displayed condensed heterochromatin blocks, normally observed in IVF embryos only after the eight-cell stage. These analyses discriminate for the first time two contrasted types of nuclear organization in NT embryos, which may correspond to different functional states of the nuclei. The relationship with the somatic nucleus reprograming efficiency is discussed.
Graph theoretic methods for the analysis of structural relationships in biological macromolecules: Research Articles (2005)

Subgraph isomorphism and maximum common subgraph isomorphism algorithms from graph theory provide an effective and an efficient way of identifying structural relationships between biological macromolecules. They thus provide a natural complement to the pattern matching algorithms that are used in bioinformatics to identify sequence relationships. Examples are provided of the use of graph theory to analyze proteins for which three-dimensional crystallographic or NMR structures are available, focusing on the use of the Bron-Kerbosch clique detection algorithm to identify common folding motifs and of the Ullmann subgraph isomorphism algorithm to identify patterns of amino acid residues. Our methods are also applicable to other types of biological macromolecule, such as carbohydrate and nucleic acid structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation Ex Vivo of TGF-β-Producing Regulatory T Cells from CD4+CD25− Precursors (2002)

Previously we reported that TGF-beta has an important role in the generation and expansion of human "professional" CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in the periphery that have a cytokine-independent mechanism of action. In this study we used low-dose staphylococcal enterotoxin to induce T cell-dependent Ab production. We report that TGF-beta induces activated CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells to become Th3 suppressor cells. While stimulating CD4(+) cells with TGF-beta modestly increased expression of CD25 and intracellular CTLA-4 in primary cultures, upon secondary stimulation without TGF-beta the total number and those expressing these markers dramatically increased. This expansion was due to both increased proliferation and protection of these cells from activation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, adding as few as 1% of these TGF-beta-primed CD4(+) T cells to fresh CD4(+) cells and B cells markedly suppressed IgG production. The inhibitory effect was mediated by TGF-beta and was also partially contact dependent. Increased TGF-beta production was associated with a decreased production of IFN-gamma and IL-10. Depletion studies revealed that the precursors of these TGF-beta-producing CD4(+) suppressor cells were CD25 negative. These studies provide evidence that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory cells in human blood consist of at least two subsets that have TGF-beta-dependent and independent mechanisms of action. TGF-beta has an essential role in the generation of both of these T suppressor cell subsets from peripheral T cells. The ability to induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells to become regulatory cells ex vivo has the potential to be useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and to prevent transplant rejection.
Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Ulcers and Risk of Death (1996)

Pressure ulcers that develop during acute hospitalization are not associated with reduced 1-year survival among high risk older persons after adjusting for nutritional and functional status, global measures of disease severity and co-morbidity, and noninfectious hospital complications.
Meaningful survey of German Goldsmithing Masterpieces (2010)

The early seventeenth century ushered in a new era of secular patronage. The highly skilled goldsmiths of Augsburg and Nuremberg created objects of spectacular beauty and complexity to fill the rising demand for objects of unparalleled luxury to adorn the buffets and kunstkammers of princes and patricians.
An Outbreak of Venomous Spider Bites in a Citrus Grove (1995)

An outbreak of necrotizing spider bites in citrus groves in the Aravah valley of southern Israel is reported. Bites were clinically diagnosed to be due to the brown recluse spider Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) (Loxoscelidae), one of the most common spiders identified in the groves. The distribution of L. rufescens in this area appears to be restricted to one locality, suggesting that it was a point introduction. This report suggests a previously unreported risk for workers in citrus groves and describes an ecologic intervention consisting of tree pruning and clearing of ground cover that appears to have been successful in reducing the incidence of bites.
Myelopoietic enhancing effects of murine macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and 2 on colony formation in vitro by murine and human bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. (1989)

Two recently identified and purified murine macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1 and MIP-2 were tested in vitro both alone, and in combination with purified recombinant (r) murine (mu) GM-CSF, natural (n)muCSF-1, or rhuman (hu)G-CSF, for effects on mouse marrow CFU-GM, in combination with erythropoietin for effects on mouse marrow BFU-E, and in combination with rhuGM-CSF or rhuG-CSF for effects on human marrow CFU-GM. MIP-1 and MIP-2 did not stimulate, but did enhance by up to threefold, colony formation of mouse CFU-GM co-stimulated by rmuGM-CSF and nmuCSF-1, but not by rhuG-CSF, in the absence or presence of serum. MIP-1 and MIP-2 were maximally active at concentrations greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml and the actions appeared to be initiated during the DNA synthetic portion of the cell cycle. Neither MIP-1 nor MIP-2 at up to 1 microgram/ml had any effect on mouse BFU-E, in the absence or presence of erythropoietin. Both MIP-1 and MIP-2 had direct acting effects on purified mouse CFU-GM. The cloning efficiency of 200 purified cells plated with 50 U muCSF-1 was 82% with and 43% without MIP; the cloning efficiency with 50 U rmuGM-CSF was 65% with and 35% without MIP. MIP effects were not mimicked by bacterial LPS, rhuIL-1 alpha, rhuIL-6, or rmuIL-4, and were neutralized by their respective specific antibodies. MIP-1 and MIP-2 also enhanced endogenously stimulated and rhuGM-CSF-, but not rhuG-CSF-, stimulated colony formation by human marrow CFU-GM. These results demonstrate a new role for MIP-1 and MIP-2 in vitro as myelopoietic enhancing activities for CFU-GM.
The Kinesin Motor KIF3A Is a Component of the Presynaptic Ribbon in Vertebrate Photoreceptors (1999)

Kinesin motors are presumed to transport various membrane compartments within neurons, but their specific in vivo functions, cargoes, and expression patterns in the brain are unclear. We have investigated the distribution of KIF3A, a member of the heteromeric family of kinesins, in the vertebrate retina. We find KIF3A at two distinct sites within photoreceptors: at the basal body of the connecting cilium axoneme and at the synaptic ribbon. Immunoelectron microscopy of the photoreceptor ribbon synapse shows KIF3A to be concentrated both at the ribbon matrix and on vesicles docked at the ribbon, a result that is consistent with the presence of both detergent-extractable and resistant KIF3A fractions at these synapses. KIF3A is also present in the inner plexiform layer, again at presynaptic ribbons. These findings suggest that within a single cell, the photoreceptor, one kinesin polypeptide, KIF3A, can serve two distinct functions, one specific for ribbon synapses.
Orthogonally functionalizable copolymers based on a novel reactive carbonate monomer (2010)

Abstract A novel N ‐hydroxy succinimide‐based carbonate monomer that allows direct synthesis of polymers incorporating a reactive carbonate group in the side chain was synthesized. This new monomer was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methylether methacrylate using free‐radical polymerization to obtain organo‐ and water‐soluble reactive copolymers. Copolymerization of the activated carbonate monomer with an azide‐containing monomer and N ‐hydroxy succinimide‐containing activated ester monomer provided orthogonally functionalizable copolymers. The pendant reactive carbonate groups of the copolymers were functionalized with amines to obtain carbamates. Polymers capable of orthogonal functionalization could be selectively functionalized as desired using subsequent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition or amidation reactions. The novel monomer and the copolymers were characterized by 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. The efficient stepwise orthogonal functionalization of the copolymers were examined via 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Continuous variable quantum cryptography (1999)

We propose a quantum cryptographic scheme in which small phase and amplitude modulations of cw light beams carry the key information. The presence of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type correlations provides the quantum protection.
Haptic Feedback in a Telepresence System for Endoscopic Heart Surgery (2007)

The implementation of telemanipulator systems for cardiac surgery enabled heart surgeons to perform delicate minimally invasive procedures with high precision under stereoscopic view. At present, commercially available systems do not provide force-feedback or Cartesian control for the operating surgeon. The lack of haptic feedback may cause damage to tissue and can cause breaks of suture material. In addition, minimally invasive procedures are very tiring for the surgeon due to the need for visual compensation for the missing force feedback. While a lack of Cartesian control of the end effectors is acceptable for surgeons (because every movement is visually supervised), it prevents research on partial automation. In order to improve this situation, we have built an experimental telemanipulator for endoscopic surgery that provides both force-feedback (in order to improve the feeling of immersion) and Cartesian control as a prerequisite for automation. In this article, we focus on the inclusion of force feedback and its evaluation. We completed our first bimanual system in early 2003 (EndoPAR Endoscopic Partial Autonomous Robot). Each robot arm consists of a standard robot and a surgical instrument, hence providing eight DOF that enable free manipulation via trocar kinematics. Based on the experience with this system, we introduced an improved version in early 2005. The new ARAMIS system (Autonomous Robot Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery) has four multi-purpose robotic arms mounted on a gantry above the working space. Again, the arms are controlled by two force-feedback devices, and 3D vision is provided. In addition, all surgical instruments have been equipped with strain gauge force sensors that can measure forces along all translational directions of the instrument's shaft. Force-feedback of this system was evaluated in a scenario of robotic heart surgery, which offers an impression very similar to the standard, open procedures with high immersion. It enables the surgeon to palpate arteriosclerosis, to tie surgical knots with real suture material, and to feel the rupture of suture material. Therefore, the hypothesis that haptic feedback in the form of sensory substitution facilitates performance of surgical tasks was evaluated on the experimental platform described in the article (on the EndoPAR version). In addition, a further hypothesis was explored: The high fatigue of surgeons during and after robotic operations may be caused by visual compensation due to the lack of force-feedback (Thompson, J., Ottensmeier, M., &amp; Sheridan, T. 1999. Human Factors in Telesurgery, Telmed Journal, 5 (2) 129–137.).
A predictive framework for retrieving the best answer (2008)

In a question answering (QA) system, each user interaction with the system is different and since there are a variety of arguably correct answers to complex questions, identifying factors for improving the quality of the retrieved answer is difficult. This research aims to develop a framework that identifies predictive variables for the best quality answer in a QA system. It was found that accuracy, completeness and relevance were predictors of best answer. We believe that these findings can serve to guide future developments in the answer extraction modules in the QA systems.
Impulsive Noise Characterization of In-Vehicle Power Line (2008)

Impulsive noise can have a great influence on the performance of in-vehicle power line communication systems. Intensive noise measurements in the time domain were thus carried out on five different vehicles. Preliminary trials were first made on a stationary vehicle and the motor idling, but the characteristics of the measured low-amplitude pulses greatly vary from one car to another. We thus emphasize the characteristics of high-amplitude pulses, greater than 70 mV, observed when the vehicles were moving in traffic, during a 20-min trip. Noise is statistically characterized in terms of duration, frequency content, peak amplitude, and time interval between successive pulses. Stochastic models based on mathematical distribution functions and fitting the experimental distribution of the various pulse characteristics are proposed. It has been found that interarrival time, i.e., the time interval between two successive pulses, is rather short and would be thus the most critical parameter when optimizing the power line communication physical layer.
Single-Therapy Androgen Suppression in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (2000)

Survival after therapy with an LHRH agonist was equivalent to that after orchiectomy. No evidence shows a difference in effectiveness among the LHRH agonists. Survival rates may be somewhat lower if a nonsteroidal antiandrogen is used as monotherapy.
Modeling and model validation of the impact of the economy on the credit risk of credit card portfolios (2010)

Since the global credit crunch, lenders have recognized how critical it is to assess the default risk of portfolios of consumer borrowing under different economic environments. We describe a Markov chain model for revolving consumer credit accounts based on consumers' behavioral scores that includes the impact of the economy on the risk migration of credit card accounts. We use two credit card data sets, one from Hong Kong and one from the UK, to validate the model, and hence provide empirical evidence to encourage lenders to use macroeconomic measurements to estimate the default risk in credit card portfolios. The models show how economic variables such as unemployment and price indexes have an impact, both directly, by changing the dynamics of the credit scores, and indirectly, by affecting how many credit card accounts become inactive or reactive themselves. The model also shows the difference in impact that economic changes have on transactors and revolvers.
Substitution of porcine small intestinal submucosa for rabbit Achilles tendon, an experimental study. (2002)

Substitution of porcine SIS for injured Achilles tendon is effective, thus proving the feasibility of in vivo tissue engineering technology.
Disruption and eradication ofP. aeruginosabiofilms using nitric oxide-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides (2015)

Biofilm disruption and eradication were investigated as a function of nitric oxide- (NO) releasing chitosan oligosaccharide dose and the results compared with control (i.e., non-NO-releasing) chitosan oligosaccharides and tobramycin. Quantification of biofilm expansion/contraction and multiple-particle tracking microrheology were used to assess the structural integrity of the biofilm before and after antibacterial treatment. While tobramycin had no effect on the physical properties of the biofilm, NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides exhibited dose-dependent behavior with biofilm degradation. Control chitosan oligosaccharides increased biofilm elasticity, indicating that the scaffold may mitigate the biofilm disrupting power of nitric oxide somewhat. The results from this study indicate that nitric oxide-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides act as dual-action therapeutics capable of eradicating and physically disrupting P. aeruginosa biofilms.
The Effect of Curing Conditions on Compression Strength and Porosity of Metakaolin‐Based Geopolymers (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Conclusions