gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Stability of the structure and antigenic determinants of adenovirus type 1 native hexon to proteases]. (1986)

Hexon capsomers of human adenovirus type 1 (h1) labeled by iodine 125 were digested in a native state (trimers) by trypsin, chymotrypsin or papain, and the resulting hydrolysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In each case, a discrete and temporally stable pattern of relatively large fragments was revealed. The degree of hexon polypeptide hydrolysis was maximal for papain, intermediate for chymotrypsin and minimal for trypsin, the largest fragments in the digest being 32, 40 and 80 kD, respectively. At room temperature, all the electrophoretically discernible hexon proteolytical fragments were held together in structures resembling intact hexon trimers and could be regarded as "hexon cores", of which papain hexon cores were the most stable during SDS-PAGE. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis revealed a complete absence of native hexon antigenicity in thermodenaturated fragments of hexon protease digests, while native trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain hexon cores could be precipitated by hexon-specific antibodies. The immunoprecipitated material contained all of the hexon fragments found in appropriate hexon cores and retained the structure of the original cores. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain hexon cores were shown to possess at least part of native Ad h1 hexon antigenic determinants of each of the following specificities: species-specific (epsilon), cross-reactive with hexon of human adenoviruses (h3 and h6), simian adenovirus (sim 16), bovine adenoviruses (bos 3 and bos 7) and avian adenovirus (Aviadenovirus gal 1 or CELO). Thus, the full spectrum of known hexon antigenic determinants (species-specific to intergenus-crossreactive) is at least portly stable against protease attack of native hexon capsomers.
Fibrotic Myofibroblasts Manifest Genome-Wide Derangements of Translational Control (2008)

These findings establish the power of systems level genome-wide analysis to provide mechanistic insights into fibrotic disorders such as IPF. Our data point to derangements of translational control downstream of aberrant beta 1 integrin signaling as a fundamental component of IPF pathobiology and indicates that TGF-beta -driven EMT is one source for IPF myofibroblasts.
The role of business process reengineering in health care. (1994)

Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management philosophy capturing attention in health care. It combines some new, old, and recycled management philosophies, and, more often than not, is yielding positive results. BPR's emphasis is on the streamlining of cross-functional processes to significantly reduce time and/or cost, increase revenue, improve quality and service, and reduce risk. Therefore, it has many applications in health care. This article provides an introduction to the concept of BPR, including the definition of BPR, its origin, its champions, and factors for its success.
Positive allosteric modulation reveals a specific role for mGlu2 receptors in sensory processing in the thalamus (2011)

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) modulation of sensory processing in the rat ventrobasal thalamic nucleus (VB) has been extensively studied in vivo. However, it is not yet known what the relative contributions are of the Group II mGlu receptor subtypes (mGlu2 and mGlu3) to this modulation, nor to what extent these receptors may be activated under physiological conditions during this process. Using single-neurone recording in the rat VB in vivo with local application of the selective Group II agonist LY354740 and the subtype selective mGlu2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY487379, our findings were twofold. Firstly, we found that there is an mGlu2 component to the effects of LY354740 on sensory responses in the VB. Secondly, we have demonstrated that application of the PAM alone can modulate sensory responses of single neurones in vivo. This indicates that mGlu2 receptors can be activated by endogenous agonist following physiological sensory stimulation. We speculate that the mGlu2 subtype could be activated under physiological stimulus-evoked conditions by 'glutamate spillover' from synapses between excitatory sensory afferents and VB neurones that can lead to a reduction in sensory-evoked inhibition arising from the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). We propose that this potential mGlu2 receptor modulation of inhibition could play an important role in discerning relevant information from background activity upon physiological sensory stimulation. Furthermore, this could be a site of action for mGlu2 PAMs to modulate cognitive processes.
Hemopoietic colony-forming cells in umbilical cord blood with extensive capability to generate mono- and multipotential hemopoietic progenitors. (1982)

We report identification of a unique class of human hemopoietic colony-forming cells with extensive ability to generate progenitors for secondary colonies. Mononuclear cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood formed colonies consisting of 40-500 blast cells after 25 d of incubation in methylcellulose culture in the presence of erythropoietin and medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes. Replating of these blast cell colonies revealed that 100% of the primary colonies had the ability to generate secondary colonies, including multipotential colonies. These colonies could be distinguished from other hemopoietic colonies in situ by the complete absence of signs of terminal differentiation. Replating of granulocyte-erythrocyte-macrophage-megakaryocyte (GEMM) colonies, consisting of an average of 2 x 10(4) cells, revealed less capacity for secondary colony formation. This human blast cell colony assay may provide a method for quantitation of more primitive hemopoietic stem cells than progenitors for GEMM colonies (CFU-GEMM) in man.
[Risk factors and pathogenic microorganisms in patients with insufficient esophagojejunostomy after gastrectomy]. (1998)

With the exception of the choice of suture techniques the identified clinical risk factors cannot be avoided or influenced therapeutically due to a lack of potentially curative treatment alternatives. In contrast potentially pathogenic bacilli associated with leakage can be prevented from coming in contact with anastomoses thereby preventing infection and leakage.
Adhesion Through Silane Coupling Agents (1970)

ABSTRACTABSTRACTFrom a study of silane coupling agents in reinforced plastics, a general mechanism of adhesion to hydrophilic mineral surfaces has been devised. According to this theory, adhesion of polymers to dissimilar surfaces is described as a dynamic equilibrium of making and breaking of adhesion bonds between polymer segments and the surface through the agency of a low molecular weight material—usually water. A dynamic equilibrium at the interface allows relaxation of thermal stresses. Water resistance results from a favorable equilibrium toward bonding through polar groups in the polymer. Silanol groups generally give optimum bonding to hydrophilic mineral surfaces.Such a dynamic mechanism of adhesion not only explains many complex adhesion problems of plastics to mineral surfaces, but also is compatible with the adhesion of ice, barnacles and tooth plaque to surfaces in an aqueous environment and with the requirements for rubber reinforcement by finely divided particulate fillers.
Selective and Rapid Uptake of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 in Brain (1998)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors effectively transfer and express foreign genes in the brain. The transferred genes, however, are selectively expressed in neurons, and the cause of this specificity is not understood. To address this question, wild-type AAV-2 capsids were covalently labeled with the fluorophore, Cy3, and infused into the inferior colliculus or the hippocampus. Using antibodies to identify neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), or oligodendrocytes (OX-42), clear neuron-specific uptake of the virus was observed as early as 6 min after the start of the infusion. By 30 min postinfusion, AAV particles were present in the nucleus of neurons, yet in both the inferior colliculus and hippocampus, a subset of neurons did not take up the virus particles. No AAV particles were found in astrocytes 1.5 min or 24 hr after virus infusion. Interestingly, 1 hr postinfusion, no AAV particles were found in microglia, yet by 24 hr postinfusion, a punctate pattern of AAV particles was found in microglia. To test whether virus uptake correlated with vector-transduced cells, an rAAV-CMV-GFP virus was infused. By 3 days postinfusion, GFP was localized to neuronal populations with no expression in astrocytes or microglia, similar to that of fluorescent virus uptake. These findings demonstrate that in brain, AAV particles rapidly bind and enter primarily neurons with a pattern similar to that of in vivo vector transduction. In addition, these studies indicate that viral binding and uptake, independent of promoter tropism, can explain the specificity of AAV brain transduction. Thus, this first description of AAV kinetic disposition in vivo should facilitate targeted application of this vector for human brain gene therapy.
Application of FGF-2 to Modulate Herpetic Stromal Keratitis (2006)

These results suggest that treatment of FGF-2 has therapeutic effects on herpetic SK progression via its role in wound healing.
Photoacoustic imaging of clinical metal needles in tissue (2010)

The ability to visualize and track temporarily or permanently implanted metal devices is important in many applications ranging from diagnosis to therapy. Specifically, reliable imaging of metal needles is required in today's clinical settings. Currently, ultrasound is utilized to image a needle inserted into tissue in real time. However, the diagnostic value and tracking ability of these images depends highly on the orientation of the needle, and also its proximity to regions of interest in the tissue. We examine the use of photoacoustic imaging combined with current ultrasound imaging methods to obtain high-contrast images of commonly used needles in the body. Experiments were performed using 21 G and 30 G needles inserted into ex vivo porcine tissue and tissue-mimicking phantoms. The needles and surrounding tissue were imaged using an ultrasound imaging system interfaced with the pulsed laser source necessary for photoacoustic imaging. The results suggest that photoacoustic imaging, combined with ultrasound imaging, is capable of real-time, high-contrast, and high-spatial-resolution visualization of metal implants within anatomical landmarks of the background tissue.
Preparation of Amorphous Metal-Oxide-Core Polymer-Shell Nanoparticles via a Microemulsion-Based Sol−Gel Approach (2003)

A general route toward surface-functionalized amorphous metal oxide nanoparticles via a sol−gel approach is presented. Modified metal alkoxides were obtained by the substitution of alkoxide groups against functionalized pentane-2,4-dione derivatives, which had potential initiating sites for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Surface-modified amorphous metal oxide nanoparticles of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, yttrium, and vanadium were synthesized using these novel precursors in a microemulsion-based sol−gel process. Particles with diameters below 200 nm were prepared, and the resulting surface-functionalized colloids were used as macroinitiators in ATRP reactions. The combination of the two well controllable processes, i.e., microemulsions for the formation of the inorganic core and ATRP for the polymer shell, allows for the good control over the composition and morphology of these core−shell systems.
Cloning of the Full-Length Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Genome as an Infectious and Self-Excisable Bacterial Artificial Chromosome for Analysis of Viral Pathogenesis (2003)

Rigorous investigation of many functions encoded by cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) requires analysis in the context of virus-host interactions. To facilitate the construction of rhesus CMV (RhCMV) mutants for in vivo studies, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cassette was engineered into the intergenic region between unique short 1 (US1) and US2 of the full-length viral genome by Cre/lox-mediated recombination. Infectious virions were recovered from rhesus fibroblasts transfected with pRhCMV/BAC-EGFP. However, peak virus yields of cells infected with reconstituted progeny were 10-fold lower than wild-type RhCMV, suggesting that inclusion of the 9-kb BAC sequence impeded viral replication. Accordingly, pRhCMV/BAC-EGFP was further modified to enable efficient excision of the BAC vector from the viral genome after transfection into mammalian cells. Allelic exchange was performed in bacteria to substitute the cre recombinase gene for egfp. Transfection of rhesus fibroblasts with pRhCMV/BAC-Cre resulted in a pure progeny population lacking the vector backbone without the need of further manipulation. The genomic structure of the BAC-reconstituted virus, RhCMV-loxP(r), was identical to that of wild-type RhCMV except for the residual loxP site. The presence of the loxP sequence did not alter the expression profiles of neighboring open reading frames. In addition, RhCMV-loxP(r) replicated with wild-type kinetics both in tissue culture and seronegative immunocompetent macaques. Restriction analysis of the viral genome present within individual BAC clones and virions revealed that (i) RhCMV exhibits a simple genome structure and that (ii) there is a variable number of a 750-bp iterative sequence present at the S terminus.
The reliability of three psoriasis assessment tools: Psoriasis area and severity index, body surface area and physician global assessment (2017)

Comparing the PASI, PGA and BSA, it was shown that the PGA had the highest inter-rater reliability, whereas the BSA had the highest intra-rater reliability. The PASI showed intermediate values in terms of interand intra-rater reliability. None of the 3 assessment instruments showed a significant advantage over the other. A reliable assessment of psoriasis severity requires the use of several independent evaluations simultaneously.
Rapid cloning of HLA-A,B cDNA by using the polymerase chain reaction: frequency and nature of errors produced in amplification. (1990)

A method for cloning full-length HLA-A,B cDNA (1.1 kilobases) by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Six HLA-A,B alleles (HLA-A2, -A25, -B7, -B37, -B51, and -B57) were cloned, and their structures were determined. Multiple PCR clones for each allele were sequenced to obtain both an accurate consensus sequence and an "authentic" clone having that sequence. Sequences from 50 clones encoding five different alleles permit assessment of the frequency and nature of PCR-produced errors. These include recombinations, deletions, and insertions in addition to point substitutions. Authentic clones were obtained at a frequency of between 30% and 70%, and analysis of three or four clones generally should be sufficient for characterization of an allele.
Students, Vocationalism and Progressive Education (1989)

(1989). Students, Vocationalism and Progressive Education. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 70-86.
von Willebrand disease: advances in pathogenetic understanding, diagnosis, and therapy (2013)

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common autosomally inherited bleeding disorder. The disease represents a range of quantitative and qualitative pathologies of the adhesive glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF). The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the type 2 qualitative variants of VWF are now well characterized, with most mutations representing missense substitutions influencing VWF multimer structure and interactions with platelet GPIbα and collagen and with factor VIII. The molecular pathology of type 3 VWD has been similarly well characterized, with an array of different mutation types producing either a null phenotype or the production of VWF that is not secreted. In contrast, the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for type 1 VWD remain only partially resolved. In the hemostasis laboratory, the measurement of VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo are key components in the diagnostic algorithm for VWD, although the introduction of direct GPIbα-binding assays may become the functional assay of choice. Molecular genetic testing can provide additional benefit, but its utility is currently limited to type 2 and 3 VWD. The treatment of bleeding in VWD involves the use of desmopressin and plasma-derived VWF concentrates and a variety of adjunctive agents. Finally, a new recombinant VWF concentrate has just completed clinical trial evaluation and has demonstrated excellent hemostatic efficacy and safety.
High Dopant Activation and Diffusion Suppression of Phosphorus in Ge Crystal with High-Temperature Implantation By Two-Step Microwave Annealing (2016)

In this Letter, high-temperature ion implantation and low-temperature microwave annealing were employed to achieve maximum n-type active concentration, which can be fully activated in germanium. To use the characteristic of microwave annealing more effectively, two-step microwave annealing was also employed. In the first step annealing, a high-power (1200 W; 425 °C) microwave was used to achieve solid-state epitaxial regrowth (SPER) and enhance microwave absorption. In the second step of annealing, unlike in conventional thermal annealing, which requires a higher energy to activate the dopant, a low-power (900W;375 °C) microwave was used to achieve lowest sheet resistance 78Ω/□ and maximum active concentration 1.025×10 20 P/cm 3 , which close to its solid solubility limit of 2×10 20 P/cm 3 .
Pulse Shape Discrimination in Impure and Mixed Single-Crystal Organic Scintillators (2011)

Neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD) utilized for detection of high-energy neutrons with organic scintillators was investigated using a model system of mixed diphenylacetylene-stilbene single crystals of different compositions. The results of the studies, which include experimental tools of crystal growth and characterization combined with computer simulation, showed that the presence of impurities with lower bandgap energies can be a major factor influencing PSD properties of organic materials. Depending on the concentration, an impurity may suppress or increase the rate of excited triplet state interaction leading, respectively, to a complete disappearance or enhancement of PSD, consistent with a percolation threshold. The results are applied to produce novel materials with controlled decay characteristics. Single crystals with a large fraction of delayed light and enhanced PSD have been grown for high energy neutron detection, while crystals with suppressed delayed light were produced for use as low-afterglow scintillators for energetic neutron detection in time-of-flight experiments.
DOGR1 and DOGR2: Two genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that confer 2‐deoxyglucose resistance when overexpressed (1995)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes (DOGR1 and DOGR2) that are able to confer 2-deoxyglucose resistance when they are overexpressed. These genes are very similar, sharing 92% identity at the protein level. They code for two isoenzymes with 2-deoxyglucose-6 phosphate (2-DOG-6P) phosphatase activity. These enzymes have been purified and characterized. DogR1p shows an optimum pH of 6, an optimum temperature of 30 degrees C and a KM on 2-DOG-6P of 17 mM. DogR2p shows a similar optimum pH, but the optimum temperature is 40 degrees C and it exhibits a KM on 2-DOG-6P of 41 mM. Both enzymes require 10 mM-MgCl2 for maximal activity and they are inhibited by inorganic phosphate.
The gastrointestinal tract and glucose tolerance (2004)

The gastrointestinal tract plays an important part in glucose tolerance. In this review we have examined how factors altering gastric emptying, insulin secretion in response to meal ingestion, and gastric emptying contribute to the maintenance and deterioration of glucose tolerance.
Genetic Bit Analysis: a solid phase method for typing single nucleotide polymorphisms (1994)

A new method for typing single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA is described. In this method, specific fragments of genomic DNA containing the polymorphic site(s) are first amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using one regular and one phosphorothioate-modified primer. The double-stranded PCR product is rendered single-stranded by treatment with the enzyme T7 gene 6 exonuclease, and captured onto individual wells of a 96 well polystyrene plate by hybridization to an immobilized oligonucleotide primer. This primer is designed to hybridize to the single-stranded target DNA immediately adjacent from the polymorphic site of interest. Using the Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I or the modified T7 DNA polymerase (Sequenase), the 3' end of the capture oligonucleotide is extended by one base using a mixture of one biotin-labeled, one fluorescein-labeled, and two unlabeled dideoxynucleoside triphosphates. Antibody conjugates of alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase are then used to determine the nature of the extended base in an ELISA format. This paper describes biochemical features of this method in detail. A semi-automated version of the method, which we call Genetic Bit Analysis (GBA), is being used on a large scale for the parentage verification of thoroughbred horses using a predetermined set of 26 diallelic polymorphisms in the equine genome.
Pharmacologically Enhanced Spinal Cord Stimulation for Pain: An Evolving Strategy (2011)

SUMMARY Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) as treatment for chronic neuropathic pain has developed into an important therapeutic strategy. However, several studies indicate that as many as 30-50% of patients do not respond sufficiently to technically well-functioning SCS. Experimental studies have revealed some of the possible neuronal systems and transmitters involved in SCS. Based on such data, a new strategy has been suggested: "pharmacologically enhanced spinal cord stimulation" using receptor active drugs to improve the therapeutic effect. The present article reviews the animal data on which clinical trials have been based and summarizes the clinical experience up to the present. Relevant data exist for intrathecal baclofen as an adjuvant to SCS, but trials with clonidine and adenosine have also been performed. Available basic studies indicate that other substances might also prove useful in future trials. The present data thus only announce the beginning of 'drug-enhanced spinal stimulation'.
Effects of external cations and mutations in the pore region on C-type inactivation of Shaker potassium channels. (1993)

After removal of N-type inactivation in Shaker K channels another inactivation process remains (C-type inactivation). The C-type inactivation time course is reversibly slowed when external [K+] increases. The effect of K+ is mimicked by Rb+ and, with less potency, by the less permeant ions Na+, Cs+, and NH4+. These results, which can be explained by the foot-in-the-door model of gating, could reflect the variable interaction of cations with amino acids in the ion-conducting pore. Mutations at position 449 (near the outer mouth of the pore) produce drastic changes in C-type inactivation kinetics and in its interaction with monovalent cations. Replacement of threonine in the wild-type by glutamic acid or lysine leads to a hundred-fold acceleration of inactivation (time constant approximately 25 ms). In contrast, placing valine at this position results in channels that do not inactivate in 45 s. Moreover, high K+, besides slowing down the inactivation kinetics, produces an increase in current amplitude despite a concomitant decrease in K+ driving force. This second effect, which is larger in mutants with faster inactivation kinetics, is caused by an increase in the number of channels that open on depolarization. Thus, C-type inactivation is a process influenced by the ionic composition of the external milieu which strongly depends on the amino acid at position 449 in the pore region. These findings may help to explain the variability in inactivation kinetics observed in the various types of K channels.