gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The what, how, and why of wavelet shrinkage denoising (2000)

Wavelet shrinkage denoising provides a novel method of reducing noise in signals. The author demonstrates 1D and 2D examples, tests the performance of various ideal and practical Fourier- and wavelet-based denoising procedures, and makes recommendations for practitioners. It is is concluded that it is unlikely that one particular wavelet shrinkage denoising procedure will be suitable, no less optimal, for all practical problems. However, it is likely that there will be many practical problems, for which after appropriate experimentation, wavelet-based denoising with either hard or soft thresholding proves to be the most effective procedure. Using wavelet-based denoising of the log-periodogram to estimate the power spectrum might prove to be one such important application with great promise for further development.
Nitazoxanide Kills Replicating and Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Evades Resistance (2009)

We report here that nitazoxanide (NTZ) and its active metabolite kill replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis at low microg/mL levels. NTZ appears to evade resistance, as we were unable to recover resistant colonies, using up to 10(12) colony forming units. Therefore, NTZ is a novel lead compound that kills replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis by a novel mechanism of action, which appears to bypass the development of resistance.
Immunogenomics: recent discoveries (2009)

Immunogenomics is a new research field, which addresses the interface between host and (pathogen) proteome, bridging informatics technology, genomics, proteomics, immunology and clinical medicine. The switch from the paradigm of solely hypothesis-driven immunological research to a more interactive and flexible relationship between classical research and a new discovery-driven approach is termed immunogenomics. This review will focus on the immunogenomics and recent discoveries in Immunogenomics, which are leading to insights into novel immunomodulatory therapies. The research regarding the different aspects of immunogenomics; rather than providing a comprehensive review, we will highlight various factors that influence immunogenomics and how modulation of the immune response may be incorporated into future trends. Keywords- Immunogenomics, Genetic regulation, MS, GC, NMR, microarray
Infections With Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A(H1N1) Virus in the United States (2009)

Oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses circulated widely in the United States during the 2007-2008 influenza season, appeared to be unrelated to oseltamivir use, and appeared to cause illness similar to oseltamivir-susceptible A(H1N1) viruses. Circulation of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses will continue, with a higher prevalence of resistance, during the 2008-2009 season.
Functional Heterogeneity and High Frequencies of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+T Lymphocytes in Healthy Seropositive Donors (2000)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is largely asymptomatic in the immunocompetent host, but remains a major cause of morbidity in immunosuppressed individuals. Using the recently described technique of staining antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells with peptide-HLA tetrameric complexes, we have demonstrated high levels of antigen-specific cells specific for HCMV peptides and show that this may exceed 4% of CD8(+) T cells in immunocompetent donors. Moreover, by staining with tetramers in combination with antibodies to cell surface markers and intracellular cytokines, we demonstrate functional heterogeneity of HCMV-specific populations. A substantial proportion of these are effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as demonstrated by their ability to lyse peptide-pulsed targets in "fresh" killing assays. These data suggest that the immune response to HCMV is periodically boosted by a low level of HCMV replication and that sustained immunological surveillance contributes to the maintenance of host-pathogen homeostasis. These observations should improve our understanding of the immunobiology of persistent viral infection.
Multichannel Blind Source Separation Using Convolution Kernel Compensation (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper studies a novel decomposition technique, suitable for blind separation of linear mixtures of signals comprising finite-length symbols. The observed symbols are first modeled as channel responses in a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) model, while the channel inputs are conceptually considered sparse positive pulse trains carrying the information about the symbol arising times. Our decomposition approach compensates channel responses and aims at reconstructing the input pulse trains directly. The algorithm is derived first for the overdetermined noiseless MIMO case. A generalized scheme is then provided for the underdetermined mixtures in noisy environments. Although blind, the proposed technique approaches Bayesian optimal linear minimum mean square error estimator and is, hence, significantly noise resistant. The results of simulation tests prove it can be applied to considerably underdetermined convolutive mixtures and even to the mixtures of moderately correlated input pulse trains, with their cross-correlation up to 10% of its maximum possible value. </para>
A spiral‐based volumetric acquisition for MR temperature imaging (2017)

Spiral imaging, and RIO imaging in particular, is an effective way to speed up volumetric MR thermometry. Magn Reson Med 79:3122-3127, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Metallcarbonyl‐Synthesen, XXI. Einfache Synthese eines präparativ nützlichen Alkoxy(carbonyl)metallats (1992)

Metal Carbonyl Syntheses, XXI. – Straightforward Synthesis of a Synthetically Useful Alkoxy(carbonyl)metallate Anionic methoxy complexes are formed upon carbonylation of ammonium perrhenate in methanol at 230–240°C. Thus, the dinuclear ionic complex [N(CH 3 ) 4 ][Re 2 (CO) 6 (μ‐OCH 3 ) 3 ] ( 2 ) results in 80% yield at CO pressures of ca. 100 bar, while the trinuclear derivative [N(CH 3 ) 4 ][Re 3 (CO) 9 (μ 3 ‐OCH 3 ) 3 (μ 3 ‐OCH 3 )] ( 3 ) is due to lower pressure conditions (ca. 50 bar); 2 yields the bis(carbene) complex 4 of formula fac ‐Re(CO) 3 L 2 I upon treatment with a bis(imidazolium) iodide, thus demonstrating that carbonylrhenium chemistry not necessarily depends on the availability of Re 2 (CO) 10 .
Benzimidazole nucleosides, nucleotides, and related derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleBenzimidazole nucleosides, nucleotides, and related derivativesLeroy B. Townsend and Ganapathi R. RevankarCite this: Chem. Rev. 1970, 70, 3, 389–438Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60265a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60265a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1208Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passivity of a class of sampled-data systems: Application to haptic interfaces (1997)

Passivity of systems comprising a continuous time plant and discrete time controller is considered. This topic is motivated by stability considerations arising in the control of robots and force-reflecting human interfaces (“haptic interfaces”). Necessary conditions for passivity are found via a small gain condition, and sufficient conditions are found via an application of Parseval's theorem and a sequence of frequency domain manipulations. An example—implementation of a “virtual wall” via a one degree-of-freedom haptic interface—is given and discussed in some detail. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The CORDIC Trigonometric Computing Technique (1959)

The COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer(CORDIC) is a special-purpose digital computer for real-time airborne computation. In this computer, a unique computing technique is employed which is especially suitable for solving the trigonometric relationships involved in plane coordinate rotation and conversion from rectangular to polar coordinates. CORDIC is an entire-transfer computer; it contains a special serial arithmetic unit consisting of three shift registers, three adder-subtractors, and special interconnections. By use of a prescribed sequence of conditional additions or subtractions, the CORDIC arithmetic unit can be controlled to solve either set of the following equations: Y' = K(Y cosλ + X sinλ) X' = K(X cosλ - Y sinλ), or R = K√X <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + Y <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> θ = tan-1 Y/X, where K is an invariable constant. This special arithmetic unit is also suitable for other computations such as multiplication, division, and the conversion between binary and mixed radix number systems. However, only the trigonometric algorithms used in this computer and the instrumentation of these algorithms are discussed in this paper.
C-reactive protein, an early marker of community-acquired sepsis resolution: a multi-center prospective observational study (2011)

Daily CRP measurements after antibiotic prescription were useful as early as Day 3 in identification of Community-Acquired Sepsis patients with poor outcome. The rate of CRP decline during the first five ICU days was markedly associated with prognosis. The identification of the pattern of CRP-ratio response was useful in the recognition of the individual clinical course.
In-vivo effect of ethanol on release of LH-releasing hormone and LH in rats (1989)

The effect of exposure to ethanol on hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) release in vivo was investigated in rats both acutely (i.p. injection) and after 3 days of administration, utilizing a permanent gastric cannula. In both designs, the animals were castrated before being given ethanol and, in both experiments, ethanol successfully lowered the post-castration LH rise compared with control castrated animals. In both the acutely and chronically treated groups, basal LHRH release was not impaired, despite the documented decrease in LH levels. Finally, stimulated LHRH release was investigated with depolarizing concentrations of potassium and, again, no change was noted between the hypothalamic release of this decapeptide in the ethanol-exposed compared with the ethanol-naive animals. Thus, ethanol failed to inhibit basal or stimulated LHRH secretion in the acutely and chronically treated animal. This lack of effect on LHRH occurred despite a concomitant lowering of serum concentrations of LH.
CMOS micromachined structures using transistors in the subthreshold region for thermal sensing (2006)

In this paper, we describe the design and characterization of a CMOS micromachined suspended structure with a PMOS transistor operated in the subthreshold region for thermal sensing. The sensor has an area of 70 µm by 70 µm and the sensing transistor is placed inside a suspended plate of 50 µm by 50 µm. The device is fabricated by successive dry etching steps on a CMOS die. For device characterization, each sensor has an embedded polysilicon heater capable of providing a heating efficiency of 0.84 °C mW−1. The measured MOS output resistance changes from 108.3 MΩ to 90.4 MΩ for a temperature rise of 5.5 °C, which is equivalent to a measured temperature coefficient of resistance −3% °C−1, much better than the value of transistors operated in saturation. The measured input-referred noise voltage from the pre-amp is 7 µV Hz−1/2, equivalent to an input-referred noise temperature of 14.9 mK Hz−1/2.
End-user requirements for high-integrity directory (2002)

Internet development has evolved in three phases; storage, search/retrieval, and pervasive use. (1) The storage phase was utilized initially by scientific computer users. (2) The computer community is presently experiencing the emergence of information search and retrieval in the form of hypermedia with the World-Wide Web. (3) Research is being conducted at several DOE laboratories to integrate information between machines and people enhancing the intrinsic use of computers into their homes and workplaces. With the increase in the use of communication tools such as the WWW on the Internet, private users, organizations, and automated processes alike need reliable access to electronic addressing information. Access to this information is provided via electronic directories. These directories must be infallible. An electronic directory must be as reliable and easy to access as a standard telephone directory service. Users of the directory must be able to trust the integrity of the data, and there must be certain "rights" to guarantee data that is provided on those registrants included in the directory.
A simplified method for the preparation of succinimidyl carbonate polyethylene glycol for coupling to proteins (1993)

An improved method for the activation of polyethylene glycol with commercially available succinimidyl carbonate is described. The activated polyethylene glycol was coupled to proteins in high yield.
Fundamentals of speech recognition (1993)

1. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition. 2. The Speech Signal: Production, Perception, and Acoustic-Phonetic Characterization. 3. Signal Processing and Analysis Methods for Speech Recognition. 4. Pattern Comparison Techniques. 5. Speech Recognition System Design and Implementation Issues. 6. Theory and Implementation of Hidden Markov Models. 7. Speech Recognition Based on Connected Word Models. 8. Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition. 9. Task-Oriented Applications of Automatic Speech Recognition.
Structure‐Based Design of a Highly Constrained Nucleic Acid Analogue: Improved Duplex Stabilization by Restricting Sugar Pucker and Torsion Angle γ (2012)

Dual conformational restriction: a new, highly constrained modification of the α-L-locked nucleic acid (α-L-LNA) scaffold that locks the sugar furanose ring in an N-type configuration and also restricts rotation around torsion angle γ was synthesized. This new modification increases the thermostability of an oligonucleotide duplex compared to using a single mode of constraint alone.
Anti-dementia drugs and hippocampal-dependent memory in rodents (2007)

Abnormalities in hippocampal structure and function are characteristics of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioral tests measuring hippocampal-dependent memory in rodents are often used to evaluate novel treatments for AD and other dementias. In this study, we review the effects of drugs marketed for the treatment of AD, such as the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonist, memantine, in rodent models of memory impairment. We also briefly describe the effects of novel treatments for cognitive impairment in rodent models of memory impairment, and discuss issues concerning the selection of the animal model and behavioral tests. Suggestions for future research are offered.
Control of Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation by CD80/CD86-CD28 Costimulation and Restoration by IL-2 during the Recall Response (2008)

Memory CD8+ T cell responses have been considered to be independent of CD80/CD86-CD28 costimulation. However, recall responses are often severely blunted in CD28-/- mice. Whether this impairment represents a requirement for CD28 costimulation for proper memory CD8+ T cell development or a requirement during the recall response is unknown. Furthermore, how CD28 costimulation affects the phenotype and function of memory CD8+ T cells has not been characterized in detail. In this study, we investigate these questions by studying the role of the CD28 costimulatory pathway in memory CD8+ T cell responses to acute and persistent DNA virus infections. Memory CD8+ T cells against vaccinia virus (VV) infection which develop without CD28 costimulation exhibit lower expression of differentiation markers CD27 and CD122 (IL-15Rbeta). These memory CD8+ T cells also fail to produce IL-2. Our data indicate that for an optimal recall response, CD28 costimulation is required both for T cell priming and also during the recall response. Similar requirements were observed for memory CD8+ T cell responses during persistent infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection, indicating CD28 may play the same role in both acute and persistent infections. Finally, we show deficits in the recall response are restored by IL-2 signaling during recall, but not during priming. The data presented show that CD28 costimulation not only controls the magnitude of the primary response but also affects development of memory CD8+ T cells and is required during the recall response in addition to initial T cell priming.
An Algorithm for Finding Best Matches in Logarithmic Expected Time (1977)

article Free Access Share on An Algorithm for Finding Best Matches in Logarithmic Expected Time Authors: Jerome H. Friedman Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Jon Louis Bentley Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NCView Profile , Raphael Ari Finkel Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Mathematical SoftwareVolume 3Issue 3Sept. 1977 pp 209–226https://doi.org/10.1145/355744.355745Published:01 September 1977Publication History 1,839citation9,602DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,839Total Downloads9,602Last 12 Months857Last 6 weeks164 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Hypoxia-inducible Factor Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Inhibition (2005)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl 4-hydroxylases are a family of iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that negatively regulate the stability of several proteins that have established roles in adaptation to hypoxic or oxidative stress. These proteins include the transcriptional activators HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha. The ability of the inhibitors of HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases to stabilize proteins involved in adaptation in neurons and to prevent neuronal injury remains unclear. We reported that structurally diverse low molecular weight or peptide inhibitors of the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases stabilize HIF-1alpha and up-regulate HIF-dependent target genes (e.g. enolase, p21(waf1/cip1), vascular endothelial growth factor, or erythropoietin) in embryonic cortical neurons in vitro or in adult rat brains in vivo. We also showed that structurally diverse HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors prevent oxidative death in vitro and ischemic injury in vivo. Taken together these findings identified low molecular weight and peptide HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors as novel neurological therapeutics for stroke as well as other diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using CRISPR-Cas systems (2013)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems in bacteria and archaea use RNA-guided nuclease activity to provide adaptive immunity against invading foreign nucleic acids. Here, we report the use of type II bacterial CRISPR-Cas system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genome engineering. The CRISPR-Cas components, Cas9 gene and a designer genome targeting CRISPR guide RNA (gRNA), show robust and specific RNA-guided endonuclease activity at targeted endogenous genomic loci in yeast. Using constitutive Cas9 expression and a transient gRNA cassette, we show that targeted double-strand breaks can increase homologous recombination rates of single- and double-stranded oligonucleotide donors by 5-fold and 130-fold, respectively. In addition, co-transformation of a gRNA plasmid and a donor DNA in cells constitutively expressing Cas9 resulted in near 100% donor DNA recombination frequency. Our approach provides foundations for a simple and powerful genome engineering tool for site-specific mutagenesis and allelic replacement in yeast.
Dose-response Effects of Tri-iodothyroacetic Acid (Triac) and Other Thyroid Hormone Analogues on Glucocorticoid-Induced Skin Atrophy in the Haired Mouse (2002)

Thyroid hormones have an influence on the connective tissue biology of the skin and, theoretically, topically applied thyroid hormones or hormone analogues could have a stimulatory effect on collagen synthesis. In this investigation the effect of topical tri-iodothyroacetic acid (Triac) and other thyroid hormone analogues were tested for their effect in preventing betamethasone-induced skin atrophy in the normal haired mouse. Triac, tri-iodoproprionic acid (Triprop) and the synthetically developed thyroid hormone analogue KB-026 and 2 different Triac cream formulations were applied along with betamethasone on shaved mouse skin. Triac in daily doses of 1 nmol/cm2 and higher was able to block the betamethasone-induced skin atrophy in mice skin. In high doses, Triprop and KB-026 also had a blocking effect. Triac alone had a stimulatory effect on dermal thickness. This study indicates that thyroid hormone analogues may be used to prevent corticosteroid-induced skin atrophy.
Corrosion of magnesium (1993)

Magnesium alloys have high strength/weight ratios, but poor corrosion resistance affects the viability of increased magnesium usage in aerospace and other applications. This review approaches the problem of magnesium corrosion from the standpoint of corrosion science by discussing the thermodynamics, kinetics, and microstructural factors controlling corrosion behaviour. These conditions are then applied to an examination of the types of corrosion that Mg alloys undergo: general, galvanic, pitting, crevice, intergranular, stress corrosion, corrosion fatigue, and high temperature oxidation. Corrosion control measures developed for Mg alloys include the development of high purity or new alloys, rapid solidification, coatings, and surface modification.
What is the optimum dose of type A botulinum toxin for treating neurogenic bladder overactivity? (2006)

The optimum dose of Dysport for incontinence secondary to a neurogenic overactive bladder is not yet defined; 1000 SU probably has a more prolonged effect than 500 SU but exposes the patient to major complications. Further studies evaluating the clinical effect of 750 SU of Dysport are necessary.