gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of lactate and pyruvate in human sweat using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography: a noninvasive approach (2012)

The simultaneous determination of lactate and pyruvate in sweat has been performed using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV detection at 220 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the investigated range 0.3 - 350 mm of lactate, 0.003- 1 mm of pyruvate. The sensitivity was good with a limit of detection of 0.03 mm for lactate and 0.001 mm for pyruvate. Recoveries evaluated for the entire procedure were 102 ± 0.1 and 96 ± 0.1 for lactate and pyruvate, respectively. The method was successfully applied to analysis of sweat in 8 athletes at rest (pilocarpine sweating) and during physical exercise.
Patellamide A and C biosynthesis by a microcin-like pathway in Prochloron didemni , the cyanobacterial symbiont of Lissoclinum patella (2005)

Prochloron spp. are obligate cyanobacterial symbionts of many didemnid family ascidians. It has been proposed that the cyclic peptides of the patellamide class found in didemnid extracts are synthesized by Prochloron spp., but studies in which host and symbiont cells are separated and chemically analyzed to identify the biosynthetic source have yielded inconclusive results. As part of the Prochloron didemni sequencing project, we identified patellamide biosynthetic genes and confirmed their function by heterologous expression of the whole pathway in Escherichia coli. The primary sequence of patellamides A and C is encoded on a single ORF that resembles a precursor peptide. We propose that this prepatellamide is heterocyclized to form thiazole and oxazoline rings, and the peptide is cleaved to yield the two cyclic patellamides, A and C. This work represents the full sequencing and functional expression of a marine natural-product pathway from an obligate symbiont. In addition, a related cluster was identified in Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101, an important bloom-forming cyanobacterium.
Cerebral Herniation in Patients With Acute E Liver Failure Is Correlated With Arterial Ammonia Concentration (1999)

Cerebral edema leading to cerebral herniation (CH) is a common cause of death in acute liver failure (ALF). Animal studies have related ammonia with this complication. During liver failure, hepatic ammonia removal can be expected to determine the arterial ammonia level. In patients with ALF, we examined the hypotheses that high arterial ammonia is related to later death by CH, and that impaired removal in the hepatic circulation is related to high arterial ammonia. Twenty-two patients with ALF were studied retrospectively. In addition, prospective studies with liver vein catheterization were performed after development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in 22 patients with ALF and 9 with acute on chronic liver disease (AOCLD). Cerebral arterial-venous ammonia difference was studied in 13 patients with ALF. In all patients with ALF (n = 44), those who developed CH (n = 14) had higher arterial plasma ammonia than the non-CH (n = 30) patients (230 +/- 58 vs. 118 +/- 48 micromol/L; P <. 001). In contrast, galactose elimination capacity, bilirubin, creatinine, and prothrombin time were not different (NS). Cerebral arterial-venous differences increased with increasing arterial ammonia (P <.001). Arterial plasma ammonia was lower than hepatic venous in ALF (148 +/- 73 vs. 203 +/- 108 micromol/L; P <.001). In contrast, arterial plasma ammonia was higher than hepatic venous in patients with AOCLD (91 +/- 26 vs. 66 +/- 18 micromol/L; P <.05). Net ammonia release from the hepatic-splanchnic region was 6.5 +/- 6. 4 mmol/h in ALF, and arterial ammonia increased with increasing release. In contrast, there was a net hepatic-splanchnic removal of ammonia (2.8 +/- 3.3 mmol/h) in patients with AOCLD. We interpret these data that in ALF in humans, vast amounts of ammonia escape hepatic metabolism, leading to high arterial ammonia concentrations, which in turn is associated with increased cerebral ammonia uptake and CH.
CONGENITAL FAMILIAL NONHEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE WITH KERNICTERUS (1952)

Seven patients with congenital familial nonhemolytic jaundice with kernicterus are presented. Six of these were hospitalized and studied. One was diagnosed by history. The abnormality appears to be genetically determined, being inherited most likely as a lethal recessive characteristic. The only abnormal laboratory findings are pronounced elevation of indirect serum bilirubin and delayed excretion of injected bilirubin. Pathologically, bile thrombi in the canaliculi were found in all patients studied, with very slight periportal fibrosis present in the liver sections from Cases 1, 5 and 6. In the single brain examined, Case 2, kernicterus was described. The prognosis is extremely poor, the patients generally dying in the first year of life. No therapeutic measures have been found helpful. The similarity to a previously described disease, familial nonhemolytic jaundice, is discussed.
9-Dicyanomethylene-2,4,7-trinitrofluorene, A New Electron Acceptor (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-Dicyanomethylene-2,4,7-trinitrofluorene, A New Electron AcceptorTapan K. Mukherjee and Leonard A. LevasseurCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 2, 644–646Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01013a504https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01013a504research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A k -anonymous communication protocol for overlay networks (2007)

Anonymity is increasingly important for network applications concerning about censorship and privacy. The existing anonymous communication protocols generally stem from mixnet and DC-net. They either cannot provide provable anonymity or suffer from transmission collision. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach which takes advantage of hierarchical ring structure and mix technique. This proposed protocol is collision free and provides provable k-anonymity for both the sender and the recipient, even if a polynomial time adversary can eavesdrop all network traffic and control a fraction of participants. Furthermore, it can hide the sender and the recipient from each other and thus can be used for anonymous file sharing. The analysis shows the proposed protocol is secure against various attacks. Measurements further demonstrate it is practical.
Chemical and biological studies on a series of lipid-soluble (trans-(R,R)- and -(S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) complexes incorporated in liposomes (1991)

cis-Bis(neodecanoato)(trans-(R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum( II) [L-NDDP] is a liposome incorporated lipophilic cisplatin analogue that has shown promising antitumor activity against tumors resistant to cisplatin and liver metastases in mice. L-NDDP is currently under clinical evaluation. However, NDDP is an isomeric mixture of different species having various isomeric neodecanoic moities as liganded leaving groups. A series of new highly lipid-soluble cis-bis(neodecanoato)(trans-(R,R)- and -(S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) [Pt] complexes, using single isomers of neodecanoic acid, were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques (infrared and 195Pt NMR). Multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) at a molar ratio of 7:3 were used as carriers of the Pt complexes. The efficiency of incorporation of the liposomal-platinum (L-Pt) preparations was greater than 95% and stability in normal saline at 4 degrees C was greater than 95% at day 14 in each case. The iv LD50 values of all L-Pt preparations tested were in the range of 62.3 to 104 mg/kg. The % T/C obtained after a single ip injection of the optimal dose of L-Pt preparations against L1210 leukemia was in the range of 150 to 253 (160 for cisplatin). When a multiple ip injection schedule was used (on days 1, 5, and 9) the L-Pt preparations of R,R complexes (1, 7, and 9) were more active than cisplatin at the optimal dose (% T/C = 257 for each vs 220 for cisplatin). The L-Pt preparations of R,R complexes were also markedly active against L1210 leukemia resistant to cisplatin (% T/C 355, 231, and 185 respectively vs 112 for cisplatin). These studies show that the single isomers of NDDP are comparable to the original isomeric mixture in terms of toxicity and biological activity.
美国外交政策:从武装的人道主义到先发制人的战争(上) (2008)

三、作为帝国主义战略的军事干涉主义1·新的干涉权如果比较冷战时期和当前发生的事情,那么,我们会发现有重要的改变。直到上世纪80年代末,民族国家之间对外政策最基本的原则之一是,在国际事务中至少不公开干涉别国内政。即使美国试图采取干涉手段推翻别国政府和政权,也是基于别国内政,干涉的正当性也是与地缘政治的考虑有关。尽管美国保护资本主义生产关系(这种关系是资本国际化和现代帝国主义的物质基础)的战略利益更明显,但直接干涉那些建立在独立的社会和政治制度基础上的主权国家仍然被认为是违背国际法的。冷战结束以后,许多形式的国际干涉被占主导地位的国家认为是合法的,它们把“保护人权”作为意识形态借口,这事实上直接违反联合国宪章。一个新的原则达成了,即所谓人权先于国家主权。至于该原则的合法性,自由主义的思想家们强调了一个国际性的公民共同体(不仅是国家内的)的出现和民主的道德维度,这反过来意味着非民主国家就没有权利拥有神圣不可侵犯的主权。这就是所谓“新干涉主义”。美国伪装的人道主义基于两个特殊假定。第一是,对主权的尊重依赖于对人权的尊重,这被认为是道德原则。侵犯人权的国家就无权获得主权,就失去了其伦理和政治的合法性。因此,该国就无权诉...
Rapid Synthesis, Screening, and Identification of Xanthone- and Xanthene-Based Fluorophores Using Click Chemistry (2009)

A panel of new fluorophores with emission wavelengths from blue to yellow regions using the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkyne-functionalized xanthones and xanthenes with various azides have been synthesized. Screening of the "click" products led to the identification of "hit" fluorophores which showed a fluorescence increase upon triazole formation. These novel "click" fluorophores could potentially be used for bioconjugation and bioimaging purposes.
d0 Re-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts, Re(⋮CR)(CHR)(X)(Y):  The Key Role of X and Y Ligands for Efficient Active Sites (2005)

DFT(B3PW91) calculations show that the reaction pathways for ethylene metathesis with Re([triple bond]CMe)(=CHMe)(X)(Y) (X/Y = CH2CH3/CH2CH3; CH2CH3/OSiH3; OSiH3/CH2CH3; OCH3/OCH3, CH2CH3/OCH3, and OCF3/OCF3) occur in two steps: first, the pseudo-tetrahedral d0 Re complexes distort to a trigonal pyramid to open a coordination site for ethylene, which remains far from Re (early transition state for C-C bond formation). The energy barrier, determined by the energy required to distort the catalyst, is the lowest for unsymmetrical ligands (X not equal Y) when the apical site of the TBP is occupied by a good sigma-donor ligand (X) and the basal site by a poor sigma-donor (Y). Second, the formation of metallacyclobutanes (late transition state for C-C bond formation) has a low energy barrier for any type of ligands, decreasing for poor sigma-donor X and Y ligands, because they polarize the Re-C alkylidene bond as Re(+delta)=C(-delta), which favors the reaction with ethylene, itself polarized by the metal center in the reverse way. The metallacyclobutane is also a TBP, with apical alkylidyne and Y ligands, and it is stabilized by poor sigma-donor X and Y. The best catalyst will have the more shallow potential energy surface, and will thus be obtained for the unsymmetrical set of ligands with X = a good sigma-donor (alkyl) and Y = a poor sigma-donor (O-based ligand). This rationalizes the high efficiency of well-defined Re alkylidene supported on silica, compared to its homogeneous equivalent, Re([triple bond]CMe)(=CHMe)(OR)2.
Stochastic performance guarantees for mixed workloads in a multimedia information system (2002)

We present an approach to stochastic performance guarantees for multimedia servers with mixed workloads. Advanced multimedia applications such as digital libraries or teleteaching exhibit a mixed workload with accesses to both "continuous" and conventional, "discrete" data, where the fractions of continuous data and discrete data requests vary over time. We assume that a server shares all disks among continuous and discrete data, and we develop a stochastic performance model for the resulting mixed workload, using a combination of analytic and simulation based modeling. Based on this model we devise a round based scheduling scheme with stochastic performance guarantees: for continous data requests, we bound the probability that "glitches" occur and for discrete data requests, we bound the probability that the response time exceeds a certain tolerance threshold. We present early results of simulation studies.
Effect of aminoguanidine on in vivo expression of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of endotoxemic rats. (1996)

Endotoxemia results in the release of multiple mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-infinity), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and nitric oxide (NO), which is thought to be responsible for the hypotension of septic shock. Although there are many reports on the presence of these mediators in serum, in vivo expression of TNF-infinity, IL-1 beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the tissue level has not been studied extensively. We investigated in vivo expression of these cytokines and iNOS in the lungs of rats that were injected with saline, endotoxin or endotoxin plus aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of iNOS. Expression of TNF-infinity, IL-1 beta and iNOS was absent in control (saline treated) but was increased in endotoxin treated animals. In animals treated with endotoxin plus AG (400 mg/kg), expression of iNOS was markedly inhibited whereas there was no effect on expression of TNF-infinity and IL-1 beta. The inhibitory effect of AG was probably dose dependent because a lower concentration of AG (50 mg/kg) showed no change in the expression of iNOS.
LRP-DIT, a putative endocytic receptor gene, is frequently inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. (2000)

A variety of studies suggest that allelic losses at chromosome 2q are associated with aggressive behavior of various forms of human neoplasia. Using a probe to detect homozygous deletions on chromosome 2q21.2 in kidney and bladder cancer cell lines, we identified a new candidate tumor suppressor gene, lipoprotein receptor-related protein-deleted in tumors (LRP-DIT). The predicted LRP-DIT product of 4599 amino acids has extensive homology to a gigantic receptor, LRP1, which mediates endocytosis of multiple proteins from the cell surface. Homozygous deletions in LRP-DIT were detected in 17% (4 of 23) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. The expression of only abnormal transcripts missing portions of the LRP-DIT sequence was demonstrated in an additional 30% (11 of 36) of NSCLC lines. Finally, a missense mutation at codon 3157 was detected in one of four NSCLC lines tested for the large open reading frame. In contrast, no LRP-DIT alterations were identified in a major fraction of SCLC cell lines, indicating that this gene is preferentially inactivated in one histological type of lung cancer. Our data suggest that inactivation of LRP-DIT occurs in at least 40% of NSCLC lines and thus may play an important role in tumorigenesis of NSCLCs.
Quantum Division Circuit Based on Restoring Division Algorithm (2011)

This paper presents a new quantum circuit for implementation of division operation in n-qubit quantum processors based on restoring division algorithm. In the proposed circuit we tried to reduce the number of ancillaqubits as many as possible using quantum fourier transform so that the circuit could be easily generalized for the case of any arbitrary values of dividend and divisor.
Photolysis of unsymmetric azo compounds. cis Azo compound intermediates (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of unsymmetric azo compounds. cis Azo compound intermediatesNed A. Porter and Lawrence J. MarnettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 13, 4361–4367Publication Date (Print):June 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00794a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00794a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Microbial Antigens on Irradiation Mortality in Mice. (1959)

Mortality is reduced by approximately 50% in mice injected with zymosan (1000 γ) or with thermostable antigens from Proteus morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Escherichia coli. Soluble antigens from Gram-positive organisms, however, are ineffective. The greatest reduction of mortality is obtained by means of a Typhoid-Paratyphoid vaccine.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblasts. (1993)

An in vitro model of placental infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was established using human choriocarcinoma-derived trophoblast lines exposed to free HIV-1 or HIV-1-infected lymphocytic and monocytic cells. Virus infectivity was evaluated by measuring both the levels of p24 HIV-1 antigen and reverse transcriptase activity either from indicator MT-4 lymphocytes after co-cultivation with infected trophoblasts or directly from trophoblast cultures. None of the tested trophoblast lines were permissive, in a detectable manner, to infection by cell-free virus. Furthermore, there were no signs of infection when trophoblasts were exposed to HIV-1-carrying ACH-2 and U1 cells with impaired adhesion capacity. However, the exposure to MOLT-4/IIIB lymphocytes or U937/YH5 monocytes that adhere to substrate cells resulted invariably in productive infection. The ultrastructure of the trophoblasts suggests endocytosis of HIV-1. It appears that the infection of the host cell results from the escape of virions from degradation in lysosomes. Alternatively, HIV-1 may enter by budding directly from the lymphocyte surface into the cytoplasm of trophoblasts. These results confirm previous studies and suggest that CD4-negative placental trophoblasts--the only foetal cells in direct contact with maternal blood--can be susceptible to HIV-1 infection.
Metabolic clearance of vasopressin and an analogue resistant to vasopressinase in human pregnancy (1993)

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases fourfold during human pregnancy. To explore whether circulating vasopressinase may play a role in this change, six women underwent a three-tier infusion clearance study, twice, in random order, to determine the MCRs of either AVP or 1-deamino-8-D-AVP (dDAVP, an analogue resistant to degradation by vasopressinase). Volunteers were tested in late pregnancy (LP), 24-48 h postdelivery (PD), and 5-6 (PP1) and 10-12 (PP2) wk postpartum, thus examining MCRs when vasopressinase levels were high, before and after removal of the placenta (LP and PD), and when plasma enzyme activity was becoming (PP1) and became (PP2) undetectable. Manipulation of infusate permitted comparison of MCRs at three plasma levels whose range was similar at each test period. PAVP and PdDAVP (2.2 and 10 pg/ml, respectively, during the initial infusion) increased to 8 and 31 pg/ml, stepwise increments that had no influence on respective MCRs (AVP: 3.4, 2.2, 0.77, and 0.67 l/min during LP, PD, PP1, and PP2 compared with 0.18, 0.21, 0.17, and 0.15 l/min for dDAVP). Comparison of similar and submaximal urinary osmolality revealed PdDAVP values three- to fourfold greater than PAVP. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIIIc levels increased almost fourfold in response to dDAVP during pregnancy, but only doubled in the nonpregnant state; these differences did not reach significance. We conclude that although AVP disposal rates increase fourfold in pregnancy, those of dDAVP change little, suggesting a role of vasopressinase in the increased MCR of AVP in gestation (as well as in the genesis of certain polyuric disorders of pregnancy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Radioimmunotherapy of breast cancer xenografts with monoclonal antibody ICR12 against c-erbB2 p185: comparison of iodogen and N-succinimidyl 4-methyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate radioiodination methods. (1995)

C-erbB2 p185 is a proto-oncogene product expressed in 25-30% of human invasive breast cancers that is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. It is minimally expressed in normal adult tissues (M. F. Press et al., Oncogene, 5: 953-962, 1990). For this reason, it is an attractive target for radioimmunotherapy and other antibody-directed therapies. ICR12 is a rat IgG2a monoclonal antibody directed against a protein epitope of the external domain of the c-erbB2 p185. We performed experiments to optimize the direct iodination of ICR12 with 131I using the IodoGen method, and we found impairment of immunoreactive fraction with increasing specific activity. N-Succinimidyl 4-methyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate (MATE) is a tin ester that can be radioiodinated easily and then coupled to the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues. This method has been shown to have improved uptake in tumors compared with antibody labeled by direct iodination (P. K. Garg et al., Nucl. Med. Biol., 20: 379-387, 1993). ICR12 could be labeled up to 16 mCi/mg by this technique without loss of immunoreactive fraction. Whole-body retention of MATE-labeled ICR12 was less than IodoGen (P < 0.0001). Radioimmunotherapy experiments in athymic mice bearing established MDA MB 361 human breast cancer xenografts showed growth inhibition for > 24 days at a dose of 600 microCi/mouse (P < 0.0001) when labeled by the IodoGen technique, and 12 days using the MATE method (P < 0.0001).