gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate consensus interferon-alpha YM643-induced depression-like behavior in mice. (2000)

Depression-like behavior induced by YM643, a consensus interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), was evaluated with the tail-suspension test in mice and compared with depression-like behavior induced by sumiferon, a natural IFN-alpha. To investigate the mechanism of IFN-alpha-induced depression-like behavior, the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, and the selective corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist CP-154, 526 on IFN-alpha-induced depression-like behavior were evaluated. Intravenously injected YM643 (2 x 10(8)-2 x 10(9) U/kg) and sumiferon (2 x 10(6)-2 x 10(7) I.U./kg) dose-dependently increased immobility time. Repeated s.c. injection of either YM643 (6 x 10(6)-6 x 10(8) U/kg) or sumiferon (6 x 10(4)-6 x 10(6) I.U./kg) for 7 days also dose-dependently increased immobility time. After i.c.v. injection of either YM643 (2 x 10(6) U/mouse) or sumiferon (6 x 10(4) I.U./mouse), significant prolongation of immobility time also was observed. Pretreatment with imipramine (30 mg/kg s.c.) significantly reduced the YM643- or sumiferon-induced increases in immobility time. CP-154,526 (0.3-3 mg/kg s.c.) dose-dependently reduced YM643- or sumiferon-induced increases in immobility time with ID(50) values of 0.6 mg/kg against YM643 and 1.3 mg/kg against sumiferon. However, neither indomethacin (10 mg/kg s.c.) nor naloxone (3 mg/kg s.c.) had any effect on YM643- or sumiferon-induced increases in immobility time. These results suggest that IFN-alpha centrally induces depression-like behavior in mice that can be alleviated with imipramine. The results also suggest that activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors is involved in IFN-alpha-induced depression-like behavior, but the prostaglandin and opioid systems do not participate in this process.
Active visual alignment of a mobile stereo camera platform (2002)

We present a complete system for automatic alignment and calibration of a stereo pan-tilt camera platform on a mobile robot. The system uses visual data from one or two controlled rotations of the head, and a single forward motion of the robot. We show how the images alone provide head alignment information, camera calibration, and head geometry. We also discuss automatic zeroing of steering angle for a single steering wheel AGV. Results are provided from tests on the working system.
Induction of MGMT expression is associated with temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma xenografts (2008)

Temozolomide (TMZ)-based therapy is the standard of care for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and resistance to this drug in GBM is modulated by the DNA repair protein O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Expression of MGMT is silenced by promoter methylation in approximately half of GBM tumors, and clinical studies have shown that elevated MGMT protein levels or lack of MGMT promoter methylation is associated with TMZ resistance in some, but not all, GBM tumors. In this study, the relationship between MGMT protein expression and tumor response to TMZ was evaluated in four GBM xenograft lines that had been established from patient specimens and maintained by serial subcutaneous passaging in nude mice. Three MGMT unmethylated tumors displayed elevated basal MGMT protein expression, but only two of these were resistant to TMZ therapy (tumors GBM43 and GBM44), while the other (GBM14) displayed a level of TMZ sensitivity that was similar in extent to that seen in a single MGMT hypermethylated line (GBM12). In tissue culture and animal studies, TMZ treatment resulted in robust and prolonged induction of MGMT expression in the resistant GBM43 and GBM44 xenograft lines, while MGMT induction was blunted and abbreviated in GBM14. Consistent with a functional significance of MGMT induction, treatment of GBM43 with a protracted low-dose TMZ regimen was significantly less effective than a shorter high-dose regimen, while survival for GBM14 was improved with the protracted dosing regimen. In conclusion, MGMT expression is dynamically regulated in some MGMT nonmethylated tumors, and in these tumors, protracted dosing regimens may not be effective.
Targeted therapy: An evolving world of lung cancer (2010)

Lung cancer remains one of the most fatal illnesses. Recent development in cancer genomics and molecular targeted therapy leads to a paradigm shift in management of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Patients with activated mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) responded dramatically to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as gefitinib or erlotinib. Multiple randomized studies have showed EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor to be superior to standard first-line chemotherapy in this biomarker-selected population. As the vasculature is considered to be the 'Achillus heel' of the tumour, anti-angiogenic treatment is considered to be a suitable target. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy, although a practical biomarker has not been identified. We have entered an era of personalized therapy for lung cancer and this evolvement holds great promises for better treatment in future.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Inhibits Apoptosis Downstream of Cytochrome c Release and Upstream of Caspase-3 Activation (2000)

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to act as an inhibitor of apoptosis. We have also observed an inhibitory effect of HSP70 on apoptotic cell death both in preheated U937 and stably transfected HSP70-overexpressing U937 (U937/HSP70) cells. However, the molecular mechanism whereby HSP70 prevents apoptosis still remains to be solved. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of HSP70 on apoptotic processes in an in vitro system. Caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation were detected in cytosolic fractions from normal cells upon addition of dATP, but not from preheated U937 or U937/hsp70 cells. Moreover, the addition of purified recombinant HSP70 to normal cytosolic fractions prevented caspase-3 cleavage and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that HSP70 prevents apoptosis upstream of caspase-3 processing. Because cytochrome c was still released from mitochondria into the cytosol by lethal heat shock despite prevention of caspase-3 activation and cell death in both preheated U937 and U937/hsp70 cells, it was evident that HSP70 acts downstream of cytochrome c release. Results obtained in vitro with purified deletion mutants of HSP70 showed that the carboxyl one-third region (from amino acids 438 to 641) including the peptide-binding domain and the carboxyl-terminal EEVD sequence was essential to prevent caspase-3 processing. From these results, we conclude that HSP70 acts as a strong suppressor of apoptosis acting downstream of cytochrome c release and upstream of caspase-3 activation.
Solubility of buffers in aqueous-organic eluents for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (2004)

The authors study the solubility of five buffers commonly used in reversed-phase liquid chromatography as a function of volume fraction in binary mixtures of the aqueous buffer and methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran.
Accomplishments of the DARPA SURAN Program (2002)

The approach and primary achievements of the Survivable, Adaptive Networks (SURAN) Program are summarized. The purpose of the program is to research and develop network technology capable of supporting communication between computers and their users on the modern battlefield. Accomplishments include a comprehensive set of adaptive, robust, and secure network algorithms, an automated laboratory testbed, and an experimental, low-cost, packet radio network that integrates and demonstrates SURAN technology. Open issues for survivable network research are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Potential of Flexible UL/DL Slot Assignment in 5G Systems (2014)

5th Generation (5G) small cells are expected to satisfy the increasing demand for wireless data traffic. In the presence of large scale dense and randomly deployed cells, autonomous and distributed configuration mechanisms are highly desirable. However, small cells typically serve a small number of users, such that sudden traffic imbalances between downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) are expected in the new 5G system. We exploit the flexibility of time-division duplex (TDD) to deal with such imbalances by adapting swiftly to instantaneously varying traffic needs. In this paper we propose a distributed algorithm to deal with these varying traffic requirements. We also exploit the availability of interference rejection capable receivers. Simulation results show that in the presence of the aforementioned features, we can approximately double the session throughput and halve the packet delay in a large number of cases.
Imaging Pancreatic Cancer Using Surface-Functionalized Quantum Dots (2007)

In this study, CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were used as optical contrast agent for imaging pancreatic cancer cells in vitro using transferrin and anti-Claudin-4 as targeting ligands. CdSe/CdS/ZnS was chosen because the CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs have better photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and stability than those of CdSe/ZnS. The transferrin-mediated targeting is demonstrated in both a cell-free coprecipitation assay as well as using in vitro confocal microscopy. Pancreatic cancer specific uptake is also demonstrated using the monoclonal antibody anti-Claudin-4. This targeted QD platform will be further modified for the purpose of developing as an early detection imaging tool for pancreatic cancer.
Insights in Vessel Development and Vascular Disorders Using Targeted Inactivation and Transfer of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, the Tissue Factor Receptor, and the Plasminogen System (1997)

VEGF has been proposed to participate in normal and pathological vessel formation. Surprisingly, lack of only a single VEGF allele resulted in embryonic lethality due to abnormal formation of intra- and extra-embryonic vessels. Homozygous VEGF-deficient embryos, generated by tetraploid aggregation, revealed an even more severe defect in vessel formation. These results (1) suggest a tight regulation of early vessel development by VEGF and, indirectly, the presence of other VEGF-like molecules; (2) reveal an unprecedented lethal phenotype associated with heterozygous deficiency of an autosomal gene, and (3) demonstrate that tetraploid aggregation was a valid and the only method to study the phenotype of the homozyogous VEGF-deficient embryos. The dominant and strict dose-dependent role of VEGF in vivo renders this molecule a desirable therapeutic target for promoting or preventing angiogenesis. Tissue factor (TF) is the principal cellular initiator of coagulation and its deregulated expression has been related to thrombogenesis in sepsis, cancer, and inflammation. However, TF appears to be also involved in a variety of non-hemostatic functions including inflammation, cancer, brain function, immune response, and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Surprisingly, TF deficiency resulted in embryonic lethality due to abnormal extra-embryonic vessel development and defective vitelloembryonic circulation. The abnormal yolk sac vasculature is reminiscent of that observed in embryos lacking VEGF, possibly suggesting that both gene functions are interconnected. These targeting studies extend the recently documented role of TF in tumor-associated angiogenesis and warrant further study of its role in angiogenesis during other pathological disorders. The plasminogen system, via its triggers, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated in thrombosis, arterial neointima formation, and atherosclerosis. Studies in mice with targeted gene inactivation of t-PA, u-PA, PAI-1, the urokinase receptor (u-PAR), and plasminogen (Plg) revealed (1) that deficiency of t-PA or u-PA increase the susceptibility to thrombosis associated with inflammation and that combined deficiency of t-PA:u-PA or deficiency of Plg induces severe spontaneous thrombosis; (2) that vascular injury-induced neointima formation is reduced in mice lacking u-PA-mediated plasmin proteolysis, unaltered in t-PA- or u-PAR-deficient mice and accelerated in PAI-1-deficient mice, but that it can be reverted by adenoviral PAI-1 gene transfer; and (3) that atherosclerosis in mice doubly deficient in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and PAI-1 is reduced after 10 weeks of cholesterol-rich diet. Thus, the plasminogen system significantly affects thrombosis, restenosis, and atherosclerosis.
Monte Carlo docking of oligopeptides to proteins (1992)

A new two-step procedure has been developed for the docking of flexible oligopeptide chains of unknown conformation to static proteins of known structure. In the first step positions and conformations are sampled and the association energy minimized starting from an approximate preselected docking position. The resulting conformations are further optimized in the second step by a Metropolis Monte Carlo minimization, which optimizes each of these structures. The method has been tested on the HIV-1 aspartic proteinase complex with an inhibitor, whose crystallographic structure is known at 2.3 A resolution. Furthermore, the application of this method to the docking of the hendecapeptide 58-68 of the influenza A virus matrix protein to the HLA-A2 molecule produced results which are in agreement with experimental observations in identifying side chains critical for T cell recognition and residues responsible of MHC protein binding.
Effects of long-term treatment (4 years) with pentoxifylline on haemorheological changes and vascular complications in diabetic patients. (1987)

Twenty-one insulin-dependent and 30 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were treated over 48 months with pentoxifylline ('Trental' 400) 1200 mg/day orally. All patients had haemorheological alterations and vascular complications. A marked improvement in erythrocyte deformability and a reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels was already evident after 6 months of therapy; these improvements were maintained throughout the 48 months of the study and were independent of short-term and long-term glycometabolic changes. The normalization of blood rheology pattern was associated with a significant decrease in total urinary protein excretion rate and in urinary albumin excretion rate. An improvement in both microvascular, i.e., retinopathy and nephropathy, and macrovascular, i.e. ischaemic heart disease and peripheral occlusive arterial disease, complications was demonstrated after the long-term trial with pentoxifylline. No side-effects occurred during the observation period. These data suggest that pentoxifylline may have an important role in both the treatment of diabetic haemorheological changes and renal disorders and in the prevention of accompanying degenerative vascular complications.
A review of medical robotics for minimally invasive soft tissue surgery (2009)

This paper provides an overview of recent trends and developments in medical robotics for minimally invasive soft tissue surgery, with a view to highlight some of the issues posed and solutions proposed in the literature. The paper includes a thorough review of the literature, which focuses on soft tissue surgical robots developed and published in the last five years (between 2004 and 2008) in indexed journals and conference proceedings. Only surgical systems were considered; imaging and diagnostic devices were excluded from the review. The systems included in this paper are classified according to the following surgical specialties: neurosurgery; eye surgery and ear, nose, and throat (ENT); general, thoracic, and cardiac surgery; gastrointestinal and colorectal surgery; and urologic surgery. The systems are also cross-classified according to their engineering design and robotics technology, which is included in tabular form at the end of the paper. The review concludes with an overview of the field, along with some statistical considerations about the size, geographical spread, and impact of medical robotics for soft tissue surgery today.
Vaccination with Tat toxoid attenuates disease in simian/HIV-challenged macaques (2000)

The Tat protein is essential for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication and may be an important virulence factor in vivo. We studied the role of Tat in viral pathogenesis by immunizing rhesus macaques with chemically inactivated Tat toxoid and challenging these animals by intrarectal inoculation with the simian/human immunodeficiency virus 89.6PD. Immune animals had significantly attenuated disease with lowered viral RNA, interferon-alpha, and chemokine receptor expression (CXCR4 and CCR5) on CD4(+) T cells; these features of infection have been linked to in vitro effects of Tat and respond similarly to extracellular Tat protein produced during infection. Immunization with Tat toxoid inhibits key steps in viral pathogenesis and should be included in therapeutic or preventive HIV-1 vaccines.
Reliability analysis of disk drive failure mechanisms (2005)

Reliability analyses are performed on the field failure data of various drive families from different drive manufacturers to gain insight into the nature of the underlying failure mechanisms and their contribution to the overall failure rate of the disk drive. The effect of various disk drive firmware changes implemented throughout the operating life of the disk drive and the capacity dependent failure mechanisms are studied in detail. The results obtained from the analysis of three disk drive families shows that a top-level failure rate analysis is not adequate to understand and improve the reliability of disk drives.
Role of the Central Metal Ion and Ligand Charge in the DNA Binding and Modification by Metallosalen Complexes (1997)

Several metal complexes of three different functionalized salen derivatives have been synthesized. The salens differ in terms of the electrostatic character and the location of the charges. The interactions of such complexes with DNA were first investigated in detail by UV-vis absorption titrimetry. It appears that the DNA binding by most of these compounds is primarily due to a combination of electrostatic and other modes of interactions. The melting temperatures of DNA in the presence of various metal complexes were higher than that of the pure DNA. The presence of additional charge on the central metal ion core in the complex, however, alters the nature of binding. Bis-cationic salen complexes containing central Ni(II) or Mn(III) were found to induce DNA strand scission, especially in the presence of co-oxidant as revealed by plasmid DNA cleavage assay and also on the basis of the autoradiogram obtained from their respective high-resolution sequencing gels. Modest base selectivity was observed in the DNA cleavage reactions. Comparisons of the linearized and supercoiled forms of DNA in the metal complex-mediated cleavage reactions reveal that the supercoiled forms are more susceptible to DNA scission. Under suitable conditions, the DNA cleavage reactions can be induced either by preformed metal complexes or by in situ complexation of the ligand in the presence of the appropriate metal ion. Also revealed was the fact that the analogous complexes containing Cu(II) or Cr(III) did not effect any DNA strand scission under comparable conditions. Salens with pendant negative charges on either side of the precursor salicylaldehyde or ethylenediamine fragments did not bind with DNA. Similarly, metallosalen complexes with net anionic character also failed to induce any DNA modification activities.
[Pharmacotherapy of supraventricular arrhythmias. What comes, what remains, what goes?]. (2006)

Supraventricular tachycardias consist of AV-nodal-reentrant-tachycardias, atrioventricular tachycardias with accessory pathways (WPW-syndrome), atrial tachycardias, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Only specific ECG interpretation with an exact arrhythmia classification offers the way to perform modern differential therapy including drug treatment and also interventional therapy modalities. In atrial fibrillation, drug treatment is still first-line therapy: physicians have to make a decision either to follow the rate or rhythm control concept. In case of rhythm control, drug therapy is tailored to the individual patient taking into account the patients symptomatology, left ventricular ejection fraction and nature and degree of an underlying cardiac disease. Drug refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation patients should be considered for interventional treatment like pulmonary vein ablation. Recurrent typical right atrial flutter, AV-nodal-reentrant-tachycardia and all forms of atrioventricular tachycardias however are indications for catheter ablation; long-term drug treatment will only be performed in rare cases.
Ancient Transposable Elements, Processed Pseudogenes, and Endogenous Retroviruses (2007)

The human genome contains a large number of repetitive elements derived from transposable elements (TEs). In addition to active Alu and long interspersed element (LINE or L1) interspersed repeats, the human genome comprises a large number of ancient TEs. These include fossil germ-line insertions of DNA transposons, fossil short interspersed elements (SINEs), L2, and L3 LINEs. Processed pseudogenes and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have amplified more recently in evolutionary history and some of them are still well preserved. Copies of some of the recently extinct TEs continue to contribute to genomic rearrangements by homologous recombination. In this chapter, we review ancient SINE and LINE repeats, processed pseudogenes, HERVs, and DNA transposons. We briefly introduce the genomic structure and replication strategy of these elements, their expression competence, and focus on the contribution of these repeats to human diseases. We also discuss some of the TE-derived genes and regulatory elements.
Breakdown of Atomic-Sized Metallic Contacts Measured on Nanosecond Scale (2011)

We report on a study of atomic-sized metallic contacts on a time scale of nanoseconds using a combined DC and AC circuit. The approach leads to a time resolution 3-4 orders of magnitude faster than the measurements carried out to date, making it possible to observe fast transient conductance-switching events associated with the breakdown, re-formation, and atomic scale structural rearrangements of the contact. The study bridges the wide gap in the time scales between the molecular dynamic simulations and real world experiments, and the method may be applied to study nano- and subnanosecond processes in other nanoscale devices, such as molecular junctions.
Vaccinia virus vectors: new strategies for producing recombinant vaccines (1990)

The development and continued refinement of techniques for the efficient insertion and expression of heterologous DNA sequences from within the genomic context of infectious vaccinia virus recombinants are among the most promising current approaches towards effective immunoprophylaxis against a variety of protozoan, viral, and bacterial human pathogens. Because of its medical relevance, this area is the subject of intense research interest and has evolved rapidly during the past several years. This review (i) provides an updated overview of the technology that exists for assembling recombinant vaccinia virus strains, (ii) discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, (iii) outlines the areas of outgoing research directed towards overcoming the limitations of current techniques, and (iv) provides some insight (i.e., speculation) about probable future refinements in the use of vaccinia virus as a vector.