gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocrinology and paracrinology (1996)

Oestrogen and progesterone are promoters of uterine leiomyoma growth: oestrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) are over-expressed in these tumours. Paradoxically, there is a heterogeneity in responsiveness of leiomyoma growth to oestrogen and progesterone in culture. In this study, leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium were obtained at hysterectomy. The effect of oestrogen and progesterone on steroid receptor maintenance was examined using minced explants. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay and Northern analysis were performed to assess ER and PR protein and mRNA content respectively. There was an approximately 75% decrease in ER and PR protein content within 8 h of incubation in both leiomyoma and myometrium. The presence or absence of oestrogen and/or progesterone had no effect on receptor protein loss. Northern analysis indicated a parallel loss of ER and PR mRNA transcripts. These findings suggest that the ER and PR expression in leiomyoma may require other extracellular factors. In-vitro studies designed to test the effects of sex steroids and their respective inhibitors on growth and function of leiomyoma and myometrial cells should consider this phenomenon.
Loss of heterozygosity of the BRCA1 and other loci on chromosome 17q in human prostate cancer. (1995)

A putative tumor suppressor gene, the BRCA1 gene, on chromosome 17q21 has recently been identified and shown to be mutated in breast and ovarian cancers. We have undertaken the present study to explore the possible involvement of the BRCA1 and/or other potential genes on chromosome 17q in prostate cancer. Twenty-three patients were screened by PCR for loss of heterozygosity at five microsatellite loci spanning the region of 17q12-21. One of the loci (i.e., D17S855) studied is intragenic to the BRCA1. Forty-four and 40% of the informative cases showed loss of heterozygosity at the BRCA1 (D17S855) and D17S856 loci, respectively, whereas 10%, 10%, and 11% of the informative cases were positive for loss of heterozygosity at the D17S250, D17S579, and D17S588 loci, respectively. Overall, 52% (11/21) of the informative cases have allelic loss of at least one locus on chromosome 17q. Our data suggest that the BRCA1 and/or other genes within the interval between BRCA1 and D17S856 on 17q21 may be important in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
Efficient assembly of de novohuman artificial chromosomes from large genomic loci (2005)

Taken together, these results are significant for the development of HAC vector technology, as they enable high-throughput assembly and functional validation of HACs containing any large genomic locus. We have evaluated the impact of different genomic loci on the frequency of HAC formation and identified segments of genomic DNA that appear to facilitate de novo HAC formation. These genomic loci may be useful for identifying discrete functional elements that may be incorporated into future generations of HAC vectors.
A Novel Approach for a Water-Soluble Long-Acting Insulin Prodrug:  Design, Preparation, and Analysis of [(2-Sulfo)-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl]3-insulin (2000)

In this study we designed, prepared, and analyzed a water-soluble, long-acting insulin derivative whose protracted action in vivo is based on a new principle rather than on slower absorption rates of suspended insulin formulations. To this end, we have prepared (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-SO(3)H)(3)-insulin ((FMS)(3)-insulin), a derivative having three 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-SO(3)H (FMS) moieties covalently linked to the three amino side chains of insulin. (FMS)(3)-insulin is soluble in aqueous buffers at neutral pH, at a concentration range of 0.15-0.60 mM, and has about 1% of both the biological potency and the receptor-binding affinity of the native hormone. Upon incubation at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, it undergoes a slow hydrolysis with linear regeneration of insulin possessing full biological potency. A single subcutaneous administration of (FMS)(3)-insulin to streptozocin-treated rats lowered circulating glucose levels for a prolonged period (t(1/2) = 30 h). Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of (FMS)(3)-insulin to healthy rats had a prolonged glucose-lowering effect. In this experimental system, recovery from hypoglycemia proceeded with a t(1/2) value of 14 +/- 1 h, as compared with t(1/2) = 8.0 +/- 1 h for native insulin and t(1/2) = 10.0 +/- 1 h for NPH-insulin. (FMS)(3)-insulin is more resistant to proteolysis and appears to be nonimmunogenic. On the whole, (FMS)(3)(-)insulin represents a prototype version of a water-soluble, long-acting preparation of insulin. It is nearly inactive at the time of administration, and therefore can be administered, at high dose, with no concern for hypoglycemia. Because of its decreased receptor-binding affinity, (FMS)(3)-insulin evades receptor-mediated endocytosis and degradation and, hence, persists for a long period in the circulation. The insulin constituent of the (FMS)(3)-insulin conjugate undergoes a slow, spontaneous activation in the circulatory system, manifesting a prolonged glucose-lowering action in vivo. According to the data presented here, (FMS)(3)-insulin represents a typical prodrug: a compound which by itself shows only marginal activity but over time it is chemically hydrolyzed to the fully active hormone.
Fully automated vision-based loosened bolt detection using the Viola–Jones algorithm (2018)

Many damage detection methods that use data obtained from contact sensors physically attached to structures have been developed. However, damage-sensitive features such as the modal properties of steel and reinforced concrete are sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. These uncertainties are difficult to address with a regression model or any other temperature compensation method, and these uncertainties are the primary causes of false alarms. A vision-based remote sensing system can be an option for addressing some of the challenges inherent in traditional sensing systems because it provides information about structural conditions. Using bolted connections is a common engineering practice, but very few vision-based techniques have been developed for loosened bolt detection. Thus, this article proposes a fully automated vision-based method for detecting loosened civil structural bolts using the Viola–Jones algorithm and support vector machines. Images of bolt connections for training were taken with a smartphone camera. The Viola–Jones algorithm was trained on two datasets of images with and without bolts to localize all the bolts in the images. The localized bolts were automatically cropped and binarized to calculate the bolt head dimensions and the exposed shank length. The calculated features were fed into a support vector machine to generate a decision boundary separating loosened and tight bolts. We tested our method on images taken with a digital single-lens reflex camera.
Studies on Herbicidal Activities of Phenoxypyridines (1970)

Many phenoxypyridines were prepared and their herbicidal activities studied. Most 3- and 4-phenoxypyridines showed no remarkable herbicidal effects. Some 2-phenoxypyridines, however, exhibited high potentials as useful herbicides. 2-(4-Nitrophenoxy)-3,5-dichloropyridine showed particularly promising herbicidal activity. On comparing the activity and structure of the 2-phenoxypyridines with those of the corresponding diphenyl-ethers, the 2-pyridoxy group was nearly equivalent physiologically to the phenoxy group.
Estimation of the Parameters of a Gaussian Mixture Using the Method of Moments (1983)

Given a general n-dimensional bimodal Gaussian mixture, this paper shows how unknown parameters may be found by the method of moments. Three cases are considered-equal modal probabilities, known but not necessarily equal probabilities, and all parameters unknown. The solution involves sample moments no higher than fourth order. For Gaussian mixtures where the number of modes is unknown, fourth-order moments can be used to count them, provided all modes have the same covariance matrix, and their multiplicity is not greater than data dimensionality. Examples of mode-counting and the determination of bimodal parameters are included.
Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 inhibits human breast cancer osteolytic bone metastasis in nude mice through the reduction of bone resorption. (1998)

Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470, 6-O-(N-chloroacetyl-carbamoyl)-fumagillol, semisynthetic analogue of fumagillin, has strong inhibitory activities against in vivo tumor growth and metastasis in a wide variety of tumors. However, it is still unknown whether this agent inhibits bone metastasis. We examined the effects of TNP-470 in a bone metastasis model in nude mice in which intracardiac injection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) produced osteolytic bone metastasis. After inoculation of MDA-231 cells into the left heart ventricle, TNP-470 (30 mg/kg, three times a week) or PBS was s.c. administrated for 4 weeks. After this period, the TNP-470 had reduced not only the number and area of osteolytic bone metastases (approximately 60 and 70%, respectively) but also their radiolucency. Histological examination of the femurs of the untreated group revealed that most of the cancellous bone had been replaced by the metastatic cancer. Numerous active osteoclasts were present along the trabecular bone surface surrounded by the metastatic MDA-231 cancer cells aggressively invading the bone marrow. In contrast, in the bone from TNP-470-treated mice, bone destruction was markedly inhibited, and there were much fewer osteoclasts. In a murine bone marrow culture under 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in which mature functional osteoclasts formed in vitro, TNP-470 significantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. And also, TNP-470 suppressed the in vivo bone resorption in calvaria treated with interleukin-1beta, an osteoclast stimulator. These data suggested that TNP-470 inhibited bone metastasis through not only antitumor action by its angiogenesis inhibition but also by the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption. Our results indicate that TNP-470 should be a potentially beneficial drug to be used in the treatment of osteolytic metastasis.
Tumoral Calcinosis Presenting with Eyelid Calcifications due to Novel Missense Mutations in the Glycosyl Transferase Domain of theGALNT3Gene (2006)

Previously reported GALNT3 mutations in TC have been null mutations. This study shows that missense mutations affecting the glycosyl transferase domain of GalNAc transferase 3 also cause TC. Elevated C-terminal FGF23 fragments with undetectable intact FGF23 suggest that the mutant enzyme lacks the ability to glycosylate FGF23 and that glycosylation by GalNAc transferase 3 is necessary for secretion of functional full-length FGF23.
Elevated seminal plasma myeloperoxidase is associated with a decreased sperm concentration in young men (2017)

Myeloperoxidase is a major neutrophil protein which generates oxidants that are highly reactive, and if present in seminal fluid, could be potentially damaging to spermatozoa. We recruited young males aged 18-35 years, unscreened for fertility status, for a pilot study measuring seminal plasma myeloperoxidase. On three occasions, over a 3-month period, we measured parameters of semen quality and correlated these with seminal myeloperoxidase protein and activity. After baseline measurement, participants were supplemented daily with 250 mg of vitamin C, a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species with antiinflammatory activities. Seminal plasma from eight of the 12 participants had measurable concentrations of myeloperoxidase protein, across a broad range (15-250 ng/mL). Median myeloperoxidase protein concentrations were ~45-fold higher in semen samples with low vs. high sperm concentrations. Seminal plasma myeloperoxidase protein concentration was inversely correlated with the percentage of rapidly motile spermatozoa assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis, and the total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate, but positively correlated with sperm maturity, measured by DNA staining ability. We measured an inverse correlation between semen vitamin C concentration and seminal plasma myeloperoxidase protein concentration, although vitamin C supplementation had no effect on semen quality. Our pilot data suggest that high concentrations of myeloperoxidase were present in the seminal plasma of many of our young participants, and that this may be associated with decreases in semen quality. A larger study is required to confirm these findings.
Bisulfite genomic sequencing: systematic investigation of critical experimental parameters (2001)

Bisulfite genomic sequencing is the method of choice for the generation of methylation maps with single-base resolution. The method is based on the selective deamination of cytosine to uracil by treatment with bisulfite and the sequencing of subsequently generated PCR products. In contrast to cytosine, 5-methylcytosine does not react with bisulfite and can therefore be distinguished. In order to investigate the potential for optimization of the method and to determine the critical experimental parameters, we determined the influence of incubation time and incubation temperature on the deamination efficiency and measured the degree of DNA degradation during the bisulfite treatment. We found that maximum conversion rates of cytosine occurred at 55 degrees C (4-18 h) and 95 degrees C (1 h). Under these conditions at least 84-96% of the DNA is degraded. To study the impact of primer selection, homologous DNA templates were constructed possessing cytosine-containing and cytosine-free primer binding sites, respectively. The recognition rates for cytosine (>/=97%) and 5-methylcytosine (>/=94%) were found to be identical for both templates.
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of atopic disorders (2007)

The prevalence of atopic diseases, including eczema, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, has increased worldwide, predominantly in westernized countries. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental research suggest that microbial stimulation of the immune system influences the development of tolerance to innocuous allergens. The gastrointestinal microbiota composition may be of particular interest, as it provides an early and major source of immune stimulation and seems to be a prerequisite for the development of oral tolerance. In this review the observational studies of the association between the gut microbiota and atopic diseases are discussed. Although most studies indicated an association between the gut microbiota composition and atopic sensitization or symptoms, no specific harmful or protective microbes can be identified yet. Some important methodological issues that have to be considered are the microbiological methods used (traditional culture vs molecular techniques), the timing of examining the gut microbiota, the definition of atopic outcomes, confounding and reverse causation. In conclusion, the microbiota hypothesis in atopic diseases is promising and deserves further attention. To gain more insight into the role of the gut microbiota in the etiology of atopy, large-scale prospective birth cohort studies using molecular methods to study the gut microbiota are needed.
Choice and Manipulation of Retroviral Vectors (2003)

ABSTACT: During the past few years, retroviral vectors have become a very important and widely used means of gene transfer. In the laboratory, their use has expanded the capabilities of investigators to perform important experiments that have solved previously unanswerable biological questions. Retroviral vectors exploit the inherent capacity of retrovkuses to transfer genetic material stably into a cell's genome and subsequently express it in a manner that is generally not detrimental to the host-cell. Initial entry of genetic material into cells via retroviral vectors is so efficient that it permits successful transfer of genes into limiting numbers of cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells in explanted bone marrow, and transfer approaching 100% in tissue-culture experiments. In comparison, chemical and electrical means of gene transfer require large initial numbers of cells and, under optimal circumstances, function at efficiencies several orders of magnitude lower than retroviral vectors, and only in a limited number of specific cell types.
Insulin peptides. Part XXIV. A novel synthesis of the human insulin B chain S-sulphonate (1973)

The fragment condensation method was employed to construct the protected triacontapeptide which contains the amino-acid sequence of the human B chain. The four peptide fragments used in this synthesis were prepared stepwise. The protected triacontapeptide was deblocked by treatment with liquid hydrogen fluoride and the resulting reduced peptide chain was converted into the S-sulphonated derivative by oxidative sulphitolysis. The S-sulphonated chain, purified by chromatography on a CM-cellulose column with a urea–acetate buffer at pH 4·0. was obtained in 33% overall yield, based on the amount of the protected B chain used; a yield of 6–7% was obtained in our original synthesis.
PMI40, an intron-containing gene required for early steps in yeast mannosylation. (1992)

We have previously described a temperature-sensitive pmi40-1 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is defective in glycosylation and secretion because of a thermolabile phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) activity. Inactivation of PMI at the restrictive temperature of 37 degrees C prevents synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions and results in cell death. Here, we report the isolation of the PMI40 gene by complementation of the corresponding mutation. The PMI40 gene contains an efficiently spliced intron which differs from the majority of those so far identified in S. cerevisiae in that it is short and the branch-forming structure has an AACTAAC motif replacing the highly conserved consensus TACTAAC. The 48.2-kDa protein predicted to be encoded by PMI40 contains amino acid sequences corresponding to those of internal peptides derived from purified S. cerevisiae PMI. Deletion of the PMI40 coding sequence results in a strain requiring D-mannose for growth. The PMI40 gene is located on chromosome V, and its transcription is increased 12-fold when cells are grown on D-mannose as sole carbon source instead of D-glucose. PMI enzyme activity, however, is not increased in D-mannose-grown cells, and PMI protein levels remain constant, suggesting that the PMI40 gene is subject to additional levels of regulation.
Sustainable cultural city: Risks and opportunities of cultural tourism development in Hong Kong, Macao and Kaiping (2006)

In the report of a meeting organized by the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) on Economics and Heritage Conservation (Mason 1999: 12), cultural capital was defined as: A concept useful for understanding the position of heritage as an economic phenomenon whose full value cannot be captured by traditional economic categories and tools. Placed alongside other types of capital - physical (buildings, roads etc), natural (environmental resources and systems), and human capital - it was proposed that the addition of cultural capital would improve this way of thinking...Cultural capital views heritage as an asset that appreciates over time.
Single point mutation in adeno-associated viral vectors -DJ capsid leads to improvement for gene delivery in vivo (2016)

Single point mutations on the 251/503 sites of AAV-DJ capsid can lead to a significant improvement for in vivo gene expression. These enhanced AAV vectors have great potential in gene therapy applications.
Renewable Fuel Co-Products - Potential Uses in Asphalt (2012)

An area of rapid growth, particularly in the United States and Europe, is the production of renewable liquid transportation fuels. The potential for using co-products from this rapidly growing manufacturing base as blending components in asphalt is examined in this paper. Preparations of several blends of biofuel co-products in a paving grade asphalt binder were made, and measurements of performance grading properties were taken. In accordance with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T283 to evaluate resistance to moisture damage, asphalt concrete mixtures using the various blends and a somewhat moisture sensitive aggregate were tested. Some of these materials may be useful as binder extenders, having minimal impact on the performance grade while imparting added benefits, as indicated by initial laboratory findings.
Cytostellin: A novel, highly conserved protein that undergoes continuous redistribution during the cell cycle (1992)

Cytostellin, a 240 kDa protein, has been purified from mammalian cells by immunoaffinity chromatography using monoclonal antibody H5. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows diffuse and punctate cytostellin immunoreactivity in interphase nuclei. Nuclease digestion and salt extraction are not required to expose the epitope. The onset of prophase is marked by the appearance of multiple intensely immunofluorescent cytostellin-containing 'bodies' within the nucleus. Nuclear disassembly is heralded by the movement of cytostellin bodies from the nucleus to multiple positions throughout the cell. Cytostellin bodies in metaphase, anaphase and telophase cells are widely dispersed, including some in cell processes far removed from the mitotic spindle apparatus. However, a distinct subset of larger, more intensely staining bodies surrounds the mitotic spindle apparatus. Cytostellin bodies remain in the cytoplasm of the daughter cells and disappear after the appearance of nascent nuclei. Cytostellin is immunologically distinct from other nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and it has been detected by immunoblot analysis in all species tested from yeast to humans. Based upon these findings, we postulate that cytostellin has a cell cycle-dependent function which is conserved in higher and lower eukaryotic cells.
Capillary electrophoresis : theory & practice (1992)

Factors affecting the performance of capillary electophoresis separations - joule heating, electroosmosis, and zone dispersion, P.D. Grossman detection methods in capillary electrophoresis, T.M. Olefirowicz and A.G. Ewing quantitative aspects of capillary electrophoresis analysis, S.E. Moring modes of capillary - free-solution capillary electrophoresis, P.D. Grossman capillary gel electrophoresis, R.S. Dubrow fundamentals of micellar electrolinetic capillary chromatography, M.J. Sepaniak, et al iso-electric focusing in capillaries, S. Hjerten capillary electrophoresis in entangled polymer solutions, P.D. Grossman applications of capillary electrophoresis - capillary electrophoresis separations of peptides - practical aspects and applications, J.C. Colburn protein analysis by capillary electrophoresis, J.E. Wiktorowicz and J.C. Colburn separation of small molecules by high-performance capillary electrophoresis, C.W. Demarest, et al Appendix - trouble-shooting guide to capillary electrophoresis operations, J.C. Colburn and P.D. Grossman chapter references.