gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enlargement of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and the Pulmonary Artery with a New Biodegradable Patch in Transannular Position (1994)

Absorbable, nonwoven patches made from polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) were implanted as transannular patches into the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery in 13 weanling sheep, the test group. Six sheep, in which a transannular Dacron patch was implanted, served as control group. The test and the control patches were harvested 3-24 months later. The results were documented macroscopically, by histological examination, and by scanning electron microscopy. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha activity was measured in the regenerated tissue and compared with that in the native pulmonary artery. No aneurysms were noted. Regeneration of a neointima and a neomedia, comparable to native arterial tissue, was observed in the test group. In the control group, a neointimal layer was present but no neomedia comparable to native arterial tissue. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed differences in the endothelial structure between the test and control groups. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha activity was present in both the test and control groups. It is concluded that absorbable, nonwoven patches of PHB can be used as a scaffold for tissue regeneration in low-pressure systems. The regenerated vessel had structural and biochemical qualities in common with the native pulmonary artery.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of cDNA Encoding a Lipase from Fusarium heterosporum (1994)

Fusarium heterosporum produces a solvent-tolerant lipase. A 1.3-kbp lipase cDNA was isolated from the cDNA library by colony hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 999 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence contained the N-terminal sequence determined by Edman degradation and the consensus pentapeptide (-Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly-), which is conserved in lipase, esterase, and serine protease. The mature lipase consisted of 301 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 32.7 kDa, preceded by the putative signal peptide or preprosequence. The enzyme was homologous to lipases from Humicola lanuginosa (39% homology), Rhizomucor miehei (32%), Rhizopus delemar (32%), and Rhizopus niveus (32%), and to mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Penicillium camembertii (38%). Comparison of this lipase with these homologous enzymes suggested that the catalytic triad was composed of Ser144, Asp198, and His256, and that the oxyanion hole was formed with Ser 82.
Pharmacokinetic Advantage of an Intranasal Preparation of a Novel Anti-osteoporosis Drug, L-Asp-Hexapeptide-Conjugated Estradiol (2006)

We examined the usefulness of intranasal (i.n.) administration of a novel osteotropic prodrug of estradiol, estradiol-17beta-succinate-(L-aspartate)6 (E2.17D6), for selective drug delivery to bone. E2.17D6 alone or with 5% 2,6-di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DMbetaCD), 5% beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD), or 10% hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as an absorption enhancer was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) mice via the i.n. route. The oral and nasal bioavailability after p.o. or i.n. administration of E2.17D6 (3.7 micromol/kg) in mice amounted to 9.9 and 23.0% of the dose, respectively. The values of nasal bioavailability of E2.17D6 administered with DMbetaCD, betaCD, and HPC were 74.9, 55.8, and 49.1%, respectively. The plasma concentration of E2.17D6 after i.n. administration of E2.17D6-DMbetaCD decreased rapidly to the endogenous level by 6 h, but the concentration in the bone was about 200 times higher than that in plasma, and decreased slowly over a period of about a week. When E2 (total dose 4.4 micromol/kg, i.n., every 3rd day) was administered to OVX mice for 35 d, bone mineral density (BMD), liver weight, and uterus weight increased, whereas E2.17D6-DMbetaCD (total dose 0.44 to 8.8 micromol/kg, i.n., every 7th day) increased only BMD in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, intranasally administered E2.17D6-DMbetaCD has a potent antiosteoporotic effect without side effects, and has potential to provide an improved quality of life for patients with osteoporosis.
A second lineage of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class I genes. (1994)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes typically encode polymorphic peptide-binding chains which are ubiquitously expressed and mediate the recognition of intracellular antigens by cytotoxic T cells. They constitute diverse gene families in different species and include the numerous so-called nonclassical genes in the mouse H-2 complex, of which some have been adapted to variously modified functions. We have identified a distinct family of five related sequences in the human MHC which are distantly homologous to class I chains. These MIC genes (MHC class I chain-related genes) evolved in parallel with the human class I genes and with those of most if not all mammalian orders. The MICA gene in this family is located near HLA-B and is by far the most divergent mammalian MHC class I gene known. It is further distinguished by its unusual exon-intron organization and preferential expression in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. However, the presence of diagnostic residues in the MICA amino acid sequence translated from cDNA suggests that the putative MICA chain folds similarly to typical class I chains and may have the capacity to bind peptide or other short ligands. These results define a second lineage of evolutionarily conserved MHC class I genes. This implies that MICA and possibly other members in this family have been selected for specialized functions that are either ancient or derived from those of typical MHC class I genes, in analogy to some of the nonclassical mouse H-2 genes.
Nitric oxide involvement in tumor-induced immunosuppression. (1994)

The mechanisms of immunosuppression induced by colon cancer in rats were investigated at the systemic and tumor levels. During tumor growth (after i.p. injection of rat colon adenocarcinoma cells in syngeneic BD IX rats), Con A-induced proliferation of splenic mononuclear cells decreased and nitric oxide (NO) production by splenic macrophages increased concomitantly. Incubating splenic mononuclear cells with an inhibitor of NO synthase, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, restored lymphocyte proliferation. A low level of inducible NO synthase mRNA was detectable in tumors by Northern blotting, with a weak increase during tumor growth. The NO concentration measured in the tumor nodules increased weakly parallel to the tumor growth. Five and six weeks after tumor cell injection, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from disaggregated tumors did not proliferate in the presence of Con A. Addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited the production of NO in tumor dissociations and enhanced tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte proliferation. Glyceryl trinitrate (a NO-releasing compound) totally inhibited the lymphocyte proliferation in vitro while it slightly reduced the tumor cell proliferation. T lymphocytes were therefore more sensitive to NO than were tumor cells. Culture medium from tumor cells induced NO production by splenic macrophages, although the factor involved has not yet been identified. Furthermore, tumor cells could also play a part in NO production by tumors because the tumor cells were induced to produce NO by IFN-gamma plus IL-1. These results strongly suggest the participation of NO in the tumor-induced immunosuppression in rats.
Comparison of TNFα to Lipopolysaccharide as an Inflammagen to Characterize the Idiosyncratic Hepatotoxicity Potential of Drugs: Trovafloxacin as an Example (2010)

Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are poorly understood, unpredictable, and not detected in preclinical studies. Although the cause of these reactions is likely multi-factorial, one hypothesis is that an underlying inflammatory state lowers the tolerance to a xenobiotic. Previously used in an inflammation IDR model, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is heterogeneous in nature, making development of standardized testing protocols difficult. Here, the use of rat tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) to replace LPS as an inflammatory stimulus was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with separate preparations of LPS or TNFα, and hepatic transcriptomic effects were compared. TNFα showed enhanced consistency at the transcriptomic level compared to LPS. TNFα and LPS regulated similar biochemical pathways, although LPS was associated with more robust inflammatory signaling than TNFα. Rats were then codosed with TNFα and trovafloxacin (TVX), an IDR-associated drug, and evaluated by liver histopathology, clinical chemistry, and gene expression analysis. TNFα/TVX induced unique gene expression changes that clustered separately from TNFα/levofloxacin, a drug not associated with IDRs. TNFα/TVX cotreatment led to autoinduction of TNFα resulting in potentiation of underlying gene expression stress signals. Comparison of TNFα/TVX and LPS/TVX gene expression profiles revealed similarities in the regulation of biochemical pathways. In conclusion, TNFα could be used in lieu of LPS as an inflammatory stimulus in this model of IDRs.
Toward Social Internet of Vehicles: Concept, Architecture, and Applications (2015)

The main vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) is to equip real-life physical objects with computing and communication power so that they can interact with each other for the social good. As one of the key members of IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has seen steep advancement in communication technologies. Now, vehicles can easily exchange safety, efficiency, infotainment, and comfort-related information with other vehicles and infrastructures using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). We leverage on the cloud-based VANETs theme to propose cyber-physical architecture for the Social IoV (SIoV). SIoV is a vehicular instance of the Social IoT (SIoT), where vehicles are the key social entities in the machine-to-machine vehicular social networks. We have identified the social structures of SIoV components, their relationships, and the interaction types. We have mapped VANETs components into IoT-A architecture reference model to offer better integration of SIoV with other IoT domains. We also present a communication message structure based on automotive ontologies, the SAE J2735 message set, and the advanced traveler information system events schema that corresponds to the social graph. Finally, we provide the implementation details and the experimental analysis to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system as well as include different application scenarios for various user groups.
Geometrical transformation of linear diode-laser arrays for longitudinal pumping of solid-state lasers (1992)

A 200-stripe linear diode-laser array is geometrically transformed into a two-dimensional, symmetric virtual source with symmetric divergence to end pump a Nd:YAG laser. The geometrical transformation is performed by two planes of diffractive optical elements separated by a 2.6-cm gap. Discounting optical losses, a TEM/sub 00/ mode slope efficiency of 56% is demonstrated. Methods of increasing the throughput efficiency of the diffractive elements (currently approximately 50% per element,) are explored. A theoretical model for estimating the maximum useful pump array size in longitudinally pumped rod and fiber lasers shows that this pump geometry is close to optimum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recurrent Network Models for Human Dynamics (2015)

We propose the Encoder-Recurrent-Decoder (ERD) model for recognition and prediction of human body pose in videos and motion capture. The ERD model is a recurrent neural network that incorporates nonlinear encoder and decoder networks before and after recurrent layers. We test instantiations of ERD architectures in the tasks of motion capture (mocap) generation, body pose labeling and body pose forecasting in videos. Our model handles mocap training data across multiple subjects and activity domains, and synthesizes novel motions while avoiding drifting for long periods of time. For human pose labeling, ERD outperforms a per frame body part detector by resolving left-right body part confusions. For video pose forecasting, ERD predicts body joint displacements across a temporal horizon of 400ms and outperforms a first order motion model based on optical flow. ERDs extend previous Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models in the literature to jointly learn representations and their dynamics. Our experiments show such representation learning is crucial for both labeling and prediction in space-time. We find this is a distinguishing feature between the spatio-temporal visual domain in comparison to 1D text, speech or handwriting, where straightforward hard coded representations have shown excellent results when directly combined with recurrent units [31].
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐β][1,2,4]triazole nucleoside analogs (1993)

Abstract Ribosylation of 3‐amino‐5 H ‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ b ][1,2,4]triazole ( 1 ) with l‐ O ‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranose and stannic chloride resulted in the following protected nucleoside analogs: 3‐amino‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐β][1,2,4]triazole ( 4 ), 3‐amino‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐α‐D‐ribofuranosyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐β][1,2,4]triazole ( 5 ), 3‐amino‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐β][1,2,4]triazole ( 5 ), and 3‐(2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl) amino‐5 H ‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ b ]‐[1,2,4]triazole ( 7 ). Compounds 4–6 were deprotected to 3‐amino‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ b ][1,2,4]‐triazole ( 3 ), 3‐amino‐1‐α‐D‐ribofuranosyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,5‐ b ][1,2,4]triazole ( 8 ), and 3‐imino‐ 2H ‐2‐β‐D‐ribo‐furanosyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ b ][1,2,4]triazole ( 9 ), while 7 could not be deprotected without decomposition. Compounds 1, 4, 6, 7 , and 9 were screened and found to have no antiviral activity.
Oblivious Query Processing (2013)

Motivated by cloud security concerns, there is an increasing interest in database systems that can store and support queries over encrypted data. A common architecture for such systems is to use a trusted component such as a cryptographic co-processor for query processing that is used to securely decrypt data and perform computations in plaintext. The trusted component has limited memory, so most of the (input and intermediate) data is kept encrypted in an untrusted storage and moved to the trusted component on ``demand.'' In this setting, even with strong encryption, the data access pattern from untrusted storage has the potential to reveal sensitive information; indeed, all existing systems that use a trusted component for query processing over encrypted data have this vulnerability. In this paper, we undertake the first formal study of secure query processing, where an adversary having full knowledge of the query (text) and observing the query execution learns nothing about the underlying database other than the result size of the query on the database. We introduce a simpler notion, oblivious query processing, and show formally that a query admits secure query processing iff it admits oblivious query processing. We present oblivious query processing algorithms for a rich class of database queries involving selections, joins, grouping and aggregation. For queries not handled by our algorithms, we provide some initial evidence that designing oblivious (and therefore secure) algorithms would be hard via reductions from two simple, well-studied problems that are generally believed to be hard. Our study of oblivious query processing also reveals interesting connections to database join theory.
Selective O-phosphitilation with nucleoside phosphoramidite reagents (1992)

In contrast to tetrazole, pyridine hydrochloride/imidazole converts nucleoside phosphoramidites to intermediates that show a high preference for phosphitilating hydroxyl groups relative to nucleoside amino groups. Use of this activating agent and incorporation of a pyridine hydrochloride/aniline wash step in the synthetic cycles permit synthesis of mixed base twenty-mer oligonucleotides from nucleoside reagents containing unprotected amino groups. This approach should be useful for the synthesis of oligonucleotide analogues containing substituents sensitive to reagents used in conventional deblocking steps. Pyridine hydrochloride itself is an effective reagent for activating nucleoside methylphosphonoamidites and ribonucleoside phosphoramidites, as well as deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites, when high O/N selectivety is not needed.
Phages and the Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens: from Genomic Rearrangements to Lysogenic Conversion (2004)

Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial DNA. Many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. Two situations can be distinguished: Vibrio cholerae, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Clostridium botulinum depend on a specific prophage-encoded toxin for causing a specific disease, whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium harbor a multitude of prophages and each phage-encoded virulence or fitness factor makes an incremental contribution to the fitness of the lysogen. These prophages behave like "swarms" of related prophages. Prophage diversification seems to be fueled by the frequent transfer of phage material by recombination with superinfecting phages, resident prophages, or occasional acquisition of other mobile DNA elements or bacterial chromosomal genes. Prophages also contribute to the diversification of the bacterial genome architecture. In many cases, they actually represent a large fraction of the strain-specific DNA sequences. In addition, they can serve as anchoring points for genome inversions. The current review presents the available genomics and biological data on prophages from bacterial pathogens in an evolutionary framework.
+1730 G/A polymorphism of the estrogen receptor β gene (ERβ) may be an important genetic factor predisposing to endometriosis (2009)

The data suggest that the ERbeta gene +1730 G/A polymorphism can be associated with the risk of endometriosis development, regardless of the stage of the disease.
Distinct methylated profiles in Helicobacter pylori dependent and independent gastric MALT lymphomas (2003)

The distinct methylation pattern together with lack of chromosomal translocation in H. pylori dependent MALT lymphomas suggest that H. pylori dependent and independent MALT lymphomas have a different pathogenesis.
Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by 2-bromooctanoate. Including effects of bromooctanoate on ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis. (1979)

DL-2-Rromooctanoate inhibits fatty acid oxidation in perfused rat liver and in mitochondria isolated from rat liver. Perfusion of livers for 12 min with 0.6 mu bromooctanoate causes complete and irreversible inhibition of ketogenesis from octanoate or oleate. Bromooctanoate also inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate plus pyruvate but not from dihydroxyacetone. In isolated mitochondria, bromooctanoate irreversibly inhibits the oxidation of medium and long chain fatty acids and their L-carnitine esters. The extent of inhibition depends on the concentration of inhibitor and on the concentration of mitochondria. For example, 50% inhibition of palmitoyl L-carnitine oxidation is attained with about 2.5 nmol of bromooctanoate/mg of protein and 100% inhibition is attained with about 6 nmol of bromooctanoate/mg of protein. An energy-dependent activation of bromooctanoate occurs prior to the onset of inhibition. The conversion of bromooctanoate to its inhibitory form is not dependent on carnitine. Direct measurement of the content of coenzyme A and its derivatives in inhibited mitochondria indicates that the inhibitory effects of bromooctanoate are not caused by depletion of mitochondrial free CoA in the form of bromooctanoyl-CoA. Treatment of mitochondria with bromooctanoate does not prevent the subsequent formation of acyl-CoA from added fatty acid substrates. These and other results support the conclusion that an activated derivative of 2-bromooctanoic acid inhibits one or more of the enzymes of p-oxidation.
Double-dummy comparison of suprofen and indometacin sustained release formulations. (1986)

In a randomized double-dummy study a new dosage form of alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)phenylacetic acid (suprofen, Suprol), i.e., suprofen sustained release 600 mg tablets, was compared with indometacin sustained release 75 mg capsules. The test population included 60 hospitalized subjects in severe chronic pain requiring analgesic treatment. The treatment groups were homogeneous as to their anamnestic data. Treatment was given for 3 weeks; the drugs were uniformly administered in the morning and in the evening. The intensity of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to administration of the first dose on day 1 of the therapy, and then for up to 10 h. Further assessments of pain intensity and pain relief were obtained after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of therapy. Comparison of the mean pain intensity (VAS) at the individual rating times revealed statistically significant better pain relief with suprofen than with indometacin already 1 h after the administration (p less than 0.05, multivariate analysis of variance). This statistically significant difference as compared with indometacin was confirmed at all subsequent time points. The weekly assessments of pain intensity showed that the results obtained with suprofen were superior to those with indometacin, although they were not statistically significant. However, pain relief after 2 weeks' treatment with suprofen was significantly superior (p = 0.0061, exact test) to the result observed with indometacin. The results obtained with suprofen in weeks 1 and 3 were superior to those with indometacin, but they were not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Seawall: performance isolation for cloud datacenter networks (2010)

Abstract – While today’s virtual datacenters have hypervi-sor based mechanisms to partition compute resources be-tween the tenants co-located on an end host, they provide little control over how tenants share the network. is opens cloud applications to interference from other tenants, re-sulting in unpredictable performance and exposure to de-nial of service attacks. is paper explores the design space for achieving performance isolation between tenants. We nd that existing schemes for enterprise datacenters suer from at least one of these problems: they cannot keep up with the numbers of tenants and the VM churn observed in cloud datacenters; they impose static bandwidth limits to obtain isolation at the cost of network utilization; they require switch and/or NIC modications; they cannot tol-erate malicious tenants and compromised hypervisors. We propose Seawall, an edge-based solution, that achieves max-min fairness across tenant VMs by sending trac through congestion-controlled, hypervisor-to-hypervisor tunnels.