gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of thrombopoietin alone and a combination of cytochalasin B and ethylene glycol bis(β‐aminoethyl ether) N,N′‐tetraacetic acid‐AM on the survival and function of autologous baboon platelets stored at 4°C for as long as 5 days (2004)

Addition of thrombopoietin or cyto-chalasin B and EGTA-AM to PLTs before 4 degrees C storage did not prevent exponential loss of PLTs.
Genomic structure of tbe large RNA segment of infectious bursal disease virus (1986)

The larger RNA segment of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV: Australian strain 002-73) has been characterized by cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. We believe IBDV is the first birnavirus to be sequenced and so have confirmed the coding region by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of intact viral proteins and several tryptic peptide fragments. The large RNA segment encodes in order the 37-kDa, 28-kDa and 32-kDa proteins within a continuous open reading frame and the primary translation product appears to be subsequently processed into the mature viral proteins. The large protein precursor is still processed into the 32-kDa host protective immunogen when expressed as a fusion protein in E. coli. These results are in marked contrast to the predictions from in vitro translation data that birnavirus genomes are expressed as polycistronic templates. We can now propose that birnaviruses, in particular IBDV, possess monocistronic segments and that the precursor is proteolytically processed in vivo. The sequence data presented for the 32-kDa host protective immunogen may provide the basic information needed for the production of an effective subunit vaccine against this commercially important virus.
Octree textures (2002)

Texturing using a set of two dimensional image maps is an established and widespread practice. However, it has many limitations. Parameterizing a model in texture space can be very difficult, particularly with representations such as implicit surfaces, subdivision surfaces, and very dense or detailed polygonal meshes. This paper proposes the use of a new kind of texture based on an octree, which needs no parameterization other than the surface itself, and yet has similar storage requirements to 2D maps. In addition, it offers adaptive detail, regular sampling over the surface, and continuity across surface boundaries. The paper addresses texture creation, painting, storage, processing, and rendering with octree textures.
Characterization and purification of helveticin J and evidence for a chromosomally determined bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus helveticus 481 (1986)

Lactobacillus helveticus 481 produced an antimicrobial agent active against five closely related species. The sensitive indicators included L. helveticus 1846 and 1244, L. bulgaricus 1373 and 1489, and L. lactis 970. The antimicrobial compound was active at neutral pH under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and heat (30 min at 100 degrees C), and demonstrated a bactericidal mode of action against sensitive indicators. These data confirmed that antimicrobial activity of L. helveticus 481 was mediated by a bacteriocin, designated helveticin J. Production of helveticin J was maximized in an anaerobic fermentor held at a constant pH of 5.5. Ultrafiltration experiments on culture supernatants containing the bacteriocin revealed that helveticin J was present as an aggregate with a molecular weight in excess of 300,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of helveticin J purified through Sephadex chromatography resolved a 37,000-dalton protein band with bacteriocin activity. L. helveticus 481 was shown to harbor a single 8-megadalton plasmid (pMJ1008). Isolates cured of pMJ1008 were phenotypically identical to plasmid-bearing cells in fermentation patterns, helveticin J activity, and immunity spectra. The data provided evidence for a chromosomal location of helveticin J and host immunity determinants.
Silk‐Molded Flexible, Ultrasensitive, and Highly Stable Electronic Skin for Monitoring Human Physiological Signals (2013)

Flexible and transparent E-skin devices are achieved by combining silk-molded micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) ultrathin films. The E-skin sensing device demonstrates superior sensitivity, a very low detectable pressure limit, a fast response time, and a high stability for the detection of superslight pressures, which may broaden their potential use as cost-effective wearable electronics for healthcare applications.
Testosterone substitution with a new transdermal, hydroalcoholic gel applied to scrotal or non-scrotal skin: a multicentre trial (2005)

Efficacy, safety and tolerability suggest TGW as a favourable treatment for hypogonadal patients.
Cost effectiveness of implementing ESC guidelines for treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure in the Nordic countries (2018)

Iron deficiency therapy in HF with ferric carboxymaltose compared with placebo is estimated to both improve health-related quality of life and save healthcare costs in all Nordic countries. A well-organized healthcare management of HF patients can enable the implementation of ESC-recommended treatment of iron deficiency without need for additional resources.
The role of the mGluR allosteric modulation in the NMDA-hypofunction model of schizophrenia. (2009)

Schizophrenia is one of the most important forms of psychiatric illness and may be chronic and highly disabling. It has been suggested that specific neurochemical abnormality is due to dopaminergic overactivity in the brain. Schizophrenia is currently thought to be associated with a hypoglutamatergic state that is mimicked by acute Phencyclidine (PCP), an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype. Administration of PCP or ketamine in rodents has been used to model aspects of schizophrenia. Taken into consideration the role of glutamatergic system in development of schizophrenia and involvement of striatal dopaminergic receptors in generation of schizophrenia symptoms, it was planned to study functional interaction between NMDA and metabotropic glutamatergic receptors 5 (mGluR5) in schizophrenia-associated behavioral and memory disturbance and the role of mGluRs allosteric modulation in cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity. In our experiments investigation of dose-dependent effects of ketamine revealed that 0.3mg/kg ketamine induces statistical changes most of behavioral and cognitive parameters in rats. Changes in emotional state showed decrease of the number and total duration of groomings in open field experiments as wall as in passive avoidance task. Decrease of motor activity was also detected, while no significant changes were observed in number of defecations. In T-maze test it was shown that spatial memory was damaged. To determine whether mGlu5 and NMDA receptor interact to regulate complex behaviors that are relevant to cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia we focused on assessing whether the selective mGlu5 receptor antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine MPEP mimics or exacerbates the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist. Ketamine-induced memory disturbance was significantly increased after injection of mGluR5 negative allosteric modulators MPEP. In In vitro experiments the agonist at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRI) (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl-glycine (DHPG,100 microM) evoked a persistent depression of the second component (N2) of the cortico-striatal field potential in rat slices. DHPG-induced plasticity was not NMDA-dependent. mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator MPEP diminishes the inhibition of synaptic responses induced by DHPG and completely blocked the late phase of depression. Our behavioral and in vitro data suggested that between NMDA and mGlu5 receptors there are functional interaction. Thus in some neurological or psychiatric disorders with NMDA dysfunction pharmacological manipulation of mGlu5 receptors could have therapeutic use.
23.4: Characteristics and Reliabilities of the Ion Beam Irradiated Polyimide as an LC Alignment Layer (2005)

Abstract In order to check stability and reliability of ion beam irradiated polyimide as an liquid crystal alignment layer of the fringe field switching mode, we measured cell parameters and anchoring energy of LC cell. By applying it to the actual 10.4″ XGA panel, the image sticking and reliability were checked and compared with those of the conventional rubbing process. From this work we found the possibility of an LC alignment layer based on ion beam irradiated polyimide.
Inactivation of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ distorts T-cell development and causes multiple organ inflammation (2007)

Mice lacking both the p110gamma and p110delta isoforms display severe impairment of thymocyte development. Here, we show that this phenotype is recapitulated in p110gamma-/-/p110delta(D910A/D910A) (p110gamma(KO)delta(D910A)) mice where the p110delta isoform has been inactivated by a point mutation. Moreover, we have examined the pathological consequences of the p110gammadelta deficiency, which include profound T-cell lymphopenia, T-cell and eosinophil infiltration of mucosal organs, elevated IgE levels, and a skewing toward Th2 immune responses. Using small-molecule selective inhibitors, we demonstrated that in mature T cells, p110delta, but not p110gamma, controls Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Thus, the pathology in the p110gammadelta-deficient mice is likely to be secondary to a developmental block in the thymus that leads to lymphopenia-associated inflammatory responses.
Pulmonary insulin delivery by means of the Technosphere™ drug carrier mechanism (2005)

Technosphere/Insulin (TI) is a formulation of regular human insulin designed for efficient transport across the respiratory epithelium into the circulation. The drug carrier mechanism achieves a fast systemic insulin uptake (maximum time approximately 15-20 min), a fast onset of action (maximum activity approximately 25-30 min) and a short duration of action (approximately 2 h). Bioavailability, relative to subcutaneous injection, was established to be between 30 and 50% with a linear dose-response relationship and low variability. In all published short-term studies, TI was well tolerated. Provided a reliable long-term safety profile, TI may become a suitable alternative to subcutaneous injection for prandial insulin delivery. TI offers the possibility of new treatment regimens, especially in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Bactericidal effects of non-thermal argon plasma in vitro, in biofilms and in the animal model of infected wounds (2010)

Non-thermal (low-temperature) physical plasma is under intensive study as an alternative approach to control superficial wound and skin infections when the effectiveness of chemical agents is weak due to natural pathogen or biofilm resistance. The purpose of this study was to test the individual susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria to non-thermal argon plasma and to measure the effectiveness of plasma treatments against bacteria in biofilms and on wound surfaces. Overall, Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to plasma treatment than Gram-positive bacteria. For the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and Escherichia coli, there were no survivors among the initial 10(5) c.f.u. after a 5 min plasma treatment. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria was species- and strain-specific. Streptococcus pyogenes was the most resistant with 17 % survival of the initial 10(5) c.f.u. after a 5 min plasma treatment. Staphylococcus aureus had a strain-dependent resistance with 0 and 10 % survival from 10(5) c.f.u. of the Sa 78 and ATCC 6538 strains, respectively. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecium had medium resistance. Non-ionized argon gas was not bactericidal. Biofilms partly protected bacteria, with the efficiency of protection dependent on biofilm thickness. Bacteria in deeper biofilm layers survived better after the plasma treatment. A rat model of a superficial slash wound infected with P. aeruginosa and the plasma-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strain Sa 78 was used to assess the efficiency of argon plasma treatment. A 10 min treatment significantly reduced bacterial loads on the wound surface. A 5-day course of daily plasma treatments eliminated P. aeruginosa from the plasma-treated animals 2 days earlier than from the control ones. A statistically significant increase in the rate of wound closure was observed in plasma-treated animals after the third day of the course. Wound healing in plasma-treated animals slowed down after the course had been completed. Overall, the results show considerable potential for non-thermal argon plasma in eliminating pathogenic bacteria from biofilms and wound surfaces.
Reactive Glia Express Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 After Transient Global Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat (1996)

These results indicate that both reactive astrocytes and microglia contain elevated levels of cPLA2. Induction of cPLA2 was confined to areas of neurodegeneration and likely precedes its onset. The results suggest that reactive glia may play a role in the pathophysiology of delayed neuronal death after transient global forebrain ischemia.
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of Very Large DNA Molecules (1988)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Generation of Alveolar Epithelial Spheroids via Isolated Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2014)

No methods for isolating induced alveolar epithelial progenitor cells (AEPCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been reported. Based on a study of the stepwise induction of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), we identified carboxypeptidase M (CPM) as a surface marker of NKX2-1(+) "ventralized" anterior foregut endoderm cells (VAFECs) in vitro and in fetal human and murine lungs. Using SFTPC-GFP reporter hPSCs and a 3D coculture system with fetal human lung fibroblasts, we showed that CPM(+) cells isolated from VAFECs differentiate into AECs, demonstrating that CPM is a marker of AEPCs. Moreover, 3D coculture differentiation of CPM(+) cells formed spheroids with lamellar-body-like structures and an increased expression of surfactant proteins compared with 2D differentiation. Methods to induce and isolate AEPCs using CPM and consequently generate alveolar epithelial spheroids would aid human pulmonary disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
Wortmannin, a microbial product inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase. (1992)

We have found that a fungal strain, Talaromyces wortmannin KY12420, produces a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). This active product, designated as MS-54, was isolated and purified from the culture broth of the fungus and identified as wortmannin. The inhibition of MLCK by wortmannin was prevented by a high concentration of ATP. The activity of the catalytic domain, which was disclosed by partial tryptic digestion, was also inhibited by wortmannin. These results suggest that wortmannin acts at or near to the catalytic site of the enzyme. It was shown clearly by kinetic analyses, preincubation studies, and dialysis experiments that the inhibitory action of wortmannin on MLCK was irreversible. Under the condition of preincubation for 3 min, 0.3 microM wortmannin inhibited the activity of MLCK, while 10 microM wortmannin had no effect on the activities of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and had little effect on protein kinase C activity. These data expressed clearly the marked selectivity of the compound for MLCK. Furthermore, wortmannin also inhibited both the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and the contraction in rat thoracic aorta stimulated with KCl, which indicates the effectiveness of the compound in the cellular level as an MLCK inhibitor.
Evidence for frequent gene conversion in the steroid 21-hydroxylase P-450(C21) gene: implications for steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (1988)

Oligonucleotide probes specific for the deleterious mutations harbored in the P-450(C21)A pseudogene and oligonucleotide probes specific for the corresponding sequences in the B gene were prepared to examine the molecular lesions in the P-450(C21) gene of P-450(C21)-deficient patients. Using these gene-specific probes, we performed Southern blot analyses of genomic DNAs from 11 patients and eight normal individuals. At least one allele of the B gene (the 3.7-kb TaqI fragment) in a patient was inactivated by mutations caused by recombination with the A gene. The A genes in normal individuals and patients seemed to be replaced frequently (i.e., 10/19 individuals) in their 3' portions by B gene sequences. All of these alterations occurred without changing the characteristic length (3.2 kb) of the TaqI fragment of the A gene, a result strongly suggesting that frequent gene conversions and/or intragenic recombinations have happened in the P-450(C21) genes. Densitometric analysis of the autoradiograms from hybridization experiments revealed extensive variation (from one to five copies) in the copy number of the A gene (the 3.2-kb TaqI fragment) whereas that of the B gene (the 3.7-kb TaqI fragment) was relatively constant at two or three copies.
Soluble P-Selectin in the Plasma of Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases (1994)

We measured the soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in plasma of 54 patients with connective tissue diseases and 12 normal controls by a 2-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Our purpose was 2-fold: to determine (1) whether the level of sP-selectin of such patients is higher than normal, and (2), if it is, whether it correlates with any of the laboratory data currently available. The mean levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were 306, 1,048 and 844 ng/ml, respectively, compared with 220 ng/ml for controls. The mean levels in patients with SLE and nephropathy, MCTD and either nephropathy or thrombosis, and malignant RA were 351, 1,116 and 1,721 ng/ml, respectively. No correlation was found between the levels of sP-selectin and other laboratory data (WBC, CRP, ESR, antinuclear antibody, RF, aCL) except the number of platelets (y = 0.057, r = 0.37). In the clinical course of patients with lupus nephritis and MCTD with nephropathy, sP-selectin became a sensitive parameter. Thus, the level of sP-selectin is higher than normal in patients with connective tissue diseases, especially when complications exist, and it does not correlate with any of the laboratory data currently available except the number of platelets. Measurement of sP-selectin levels should be included in the laboratory tests of patients with connective tissue diseases, especially when complicated by nephropathy or thrombosis.
PD-loop: A complex of duplex DNA with an oligonucleotide (1998)

A stable complex between duplex DNA and an oligonucleotide is assembled with the aid of a DNA synthetic mimic, peptide nucleic acid (PNA). Homopyrimidine PNAs are known to invade into short homopurine tracts in duplex DNA forming P-loops. We have found that P-loops, formed at two closely located purine tracts in the same DNA strand separated by a mixed purine-pyrimidine sequence, merge and open the double helix between them. The opposite DNA strand, which is not bound with PNA, exposes and becomes accessible for complexing with an oligonucleotide via Watson-Crick pairing. As a result, the PD-loop emerges, which consists of locally open duplex DNA, PNA "openers," and an oligonucleotide. The PD-loop stability and sequence specificity are demonstrated by affinity capture of duplex DNAs by using biotinylated oligonucleotides and streptavidin-covered magnetic beads. The type of complex formed by PNAs, an oligonucleotide and duplex DNA we describe, opens ways for development of various in vitro and in situ hybridization techniques with duplex DNA and may find applications in DNA nanotechnology and genomics.
Tryptophan Fluorescence Quenching by Methionine and Selenomethionine Residues of Calmodulin:  Orientation of Peptide and Protein Binding (1998)

The two interaction surfaces of the dumbbell-shaped calcium-regulatory protein calmodulin (CaM) are rich in the amino acid Met. In this work we have used fluorescence spectroscopy to study the role of these Met residues in binding the single Trp residue that is found in many CaM-binding domain peptides. This approach is facilitated by the absence of Trp residues in CaM. In addition to the wild-type protein, we studied CaM containing the unnatural amino acid selenomethionine (SeMet), which was biosynthetically substituted for its nine Met residues. Furthermore, a CaM mutant protein in which all four Met residues in the C-terminal domain were mutated to Leu, and the N-terminal domain contained either Met or the unnatural SeMet, was studied. The Trp fluorescence quantum yield of many Trp-containing CaM-binding peptides increases upon binding to calcium-CaM. Moreover, the emission wavelength of the Trp fluorescence is blue-shifted from 353 to 325-333 nm. These parameters indicate movement of Trp from a solvent exposed to a hydrophobic environment. The fluorescence results obtained with these four CaM variants showed that Se is very effective at quenching Trp fluorescence in the calmodulin-bound peptides from myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and CaM kinase I, while S is somewhat effective (Se > S > C). The quenching effect is markedly distance dependent, as it only influences the Trp residue of the bound peptide (<=7 A) but has little effect on the two Tyr residues in the C-terminal domain of CaM (>=10 A). Since the Trp fluorescence quenching is very dramatic, the protein containing Leu's in the C-terminal domain and SeMet's in the N-terminal domain allowed us to directly determine the orientation of the MLCK and CaM kinase I peptides bound to CaM; in both cases the Trp residue binds to the C-terminal domain of CaM. Our data indicate that SeMet quenching of Trp fluorescence could become a simple and useful tool for studies of protein folding, and protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions.
Homogeneous immunoassay based on chemiluminescence energy transfer. (1983)

The chemiluminescent compound aminobutylethyl-isoluminol (ABEI) and its isothiocyanate derivative have been coupled to a range of haptens (progesterone, cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP) and protein antigens (IgG, C9). All the derivatives were chemiluminescent, immunologically active, and stable for more than six months. When the ABEI-labeled antigens bind to their respective fluorescein-labeled antibodies, there is a shift in the ratio of chemiluminescence at 460 nm (blue) to that at 525 nm (green). This nonradiative energy transfer was used to establish homogeneous immunoassays, which require no separation step. These assays were at least as sensitive as the conventional radioimmunoassays and could accurately measure substances in serum (i.e., for IgG, results correlated by r = 0.96 relative to those by 125I assay) and tissue extracts (cyclic AMP, r = 0.91 relative to 3H assay), and also were used to evaluate the kinetics of antibody-antigen binding. Chemiluminescence energy transfer provides a new method for quantifying ligand-ligand interactions in the 10(-15) to 10(-18) mol range without first separating bound and free ligand. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate chemical events in single cells and intact cells.