gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Expression of the Germ Cell Marker Genes MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, BMP15,andVASA in Adult Bovine Tissues, Oocytes, and Preimplantation Embryos1 (2004)

We have cloned the bovine homologue of Mater (maternal antigen that embryos require) cDNA, potentially the first germ cell-specific maternal-effect gene in this species. The 3297 base-pair longest open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 1098 amino acids with a domain organization similar to its human counterpart. By reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction, we have analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of MATER, along with other potential markers of germ cells or oocytes: ZAR1 (zygotic arrest 1), GDF9 (growth and differentiation factor 9), BMP15 (bone morphogenetic protein 15), and VASA. In agreement with a preferential oocyte origin, MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15 transcripts were detected in the oocyte itself at a much higher level than in the gonads, while no significant expression was detected in our panel of somatic tissues (uterus, heart, spleen, intestine, liver, lung, mammary gland, muscle). In situ hybridization confirmed oocyte-restricted expression of MATER and ZAR1 within the ovary, as early as preantral follicle stages. VASA was highly represented in the testis and the ovary, and still present in the oocyte from antral follicles. Maternal MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, and BMP15 transcripts persisted during oocyte in vitro maturation and fertilization and in preimplantation embryo until the five- to eight-cell or morula stage, but transcription was not reactivated at the time of embryonic genome activation.
The Hydroxy Amino Acid in an Asn-X-Ser/Thr Sequon Can Influence N-Linked Core Glycosylation Efficiency and the Level of Expression of a Cell Surface Glycoprotein (1995)

N-Linked glycosylation usually occurs at the sequon, Asn-X-Ser/Thr. In this sequon, the side chain of the hydroxy amino acid (Ser or Thr) may play a direct catalytic role in the enzymatic transfer of core oligosaccharides to the Asn residue. Using recombinant variants of rabies virus glycoprotein (RGP), we examined the influence of the hydroxy amino acid on core glycosylation efficiency. A variant of RGP containing a single Asn-X-Ser sequon at Asn37 was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to change the sequon to either Asn-X-Cys or Asn-X-Thr. The impact of these changes on core glycosylation efficiency was assessed by expressing the variants in a cell-free transcription/translation/glycosylation system and in transfected tissue culture cells. Substitution of Cys at position 39 blocks glycosylation, whereas substitution of Thr dramatically increases core glycosylation efficiency of Asn37 in both membrane-anchored and secreted forms of RGP. The substitution of Thr for Ser also dramatically enhances the level of expression and cell surface delivery of RGP when the sequon at Asn37 is the only sequon in the protein. Novel forms of membrane-anchored and secreted RGP which are fully glycosylated at all three sequons were also generated by substitution of Thr at position 39.
New Strategies for the Design of Catalytic Antibodies (1990)

A new approach is advanced which is aimed at expanding the scope of antibody catalysis. It entails the design and synthesis of haptens that will elicit antibodies to catalyze acyl transfer reactions by a methodology which we term "bait and switch" catalysis. What we have done involves the placement of a point charge on the hapten in close proximity to, or in direct substitution for, a chemical functional group we wish to transform in the respective substrate. The haptenic charge should induce a complementary charge (on an amino acid residue) at the binding site. The substrate will lack this charge but will retain a similar overall structure. The monoclonal antibodies that bind these substrates now have the potential to act as general acids/bases for substrates having hydrolyzable functional groups.
Polymerized-depolymerized vesicles. A reversible phosphatidylcholine-based membrane (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized-depolymerized vesicles. A reversible phosphatidylcholine-based membraneSteven L. Regen, Kazuo Yamaguchi, N. K. P. Samuel, and Maninder SinghCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 20, 6354–6355Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00358a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00358a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intravitreal Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Macular Edema AssociatedWith Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (2004)

Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone appears to be a possibly effective treatment in some patients with macular edema associated with CRVO. Patients with nonischemic CRVO may respond more favorably than patients with ischemic CRVO, and retreatment may be necessary in some patients. In this case series, severe complications were not noted.
Binding site size limit of the 2:1 pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-DNA motif. (1996)

Polyamides containing N-methylimidazole (Im) and N-methylpyrrole (Py) amino acids can be combined in antiparallel side-by-side dimeric complexes for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA. Six polyamides containing three to eight rings bind DNA sites 5-10 bp in length, respectively. Quantitative DNase I footprint titration experiments demonstrate that affinity maximizes and is similar at ring sizes of five, six, and seven. Sequence specificity decreases as the length of the polyamides increases beyond five rings. These results provide useful guidelines for the design of new polyamides that bind longer DNA sites with enhanced affinity and specificity.
Growth-related coordinate regulation of the early N-glycosylation genes in yeast (1994)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALG7, ALG1 and ALG2 genes, whose products function early in the dolichol pathway of protein N-glycosylation, are essential for cell viability, and perturbation in their expression causes G1-specific cell cycle arrest. Here, we show that expression of the ALG7, ALG1 and ALG2 genes is coordinately regulated at the G0/G1 transition point in the yeast life cycle. Carbon starvation, which induces cells to exit from the G1 stage of the mitotic cycle into G0, resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the levels of the early ALG genes' mRNAs. Accordingly, addition of glucose, which stimulates the G0-arrested cells to resume proliferation, resulted in a rapid induction of their mRNAs. Cycloheximide alone also induced the early ALG transcripts, albeit to a much lower extent than glucose. Simultaneous addition of glucose and cycloheximide caused superinduction of these mRNAs, indicating that more than one control level was involved in their activation. Consistent with this, rapid degradation of ALG7, ALG1 and ALG2 mRNAs was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide. These data suggest that in yeast, the early N-glycosylation genes are regulated in a manner similar to that of the early growth-response genes.
20 Gbit/s chirped return-to-zero transmitter withsimplifiedconfiguration using electro-absorption modulator (2000)

A novel chirped return-to-zero transmitter with a simplified configuration that uses an electro-absorption modulator is proposed. Using this transmitter, high fibre input power is achieved (up to +14 dBm) in repeaterless 20 Gbit/s transmission over standard singlemode fibres.
Treatment implications of C9ORF72 (2012)

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common dementia syndrome in patients under the age of 65 years with many features overlapping with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The link between FTD and ALS has been strengthened by the discovery that a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in a non-coding region of the C9ORF72 gene causes both familial and sporadic types of these two diseases. As we begin to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms by which this mutation leads to FTD and ALS (c9FTD/ALS), new targets for disease-modifying therapies will likely be unveiled. Putative C9ORF72 expansion pathogenic mechanisms include loss of C9ORF72 protein function, sequestration of nucleic acid binding proteins due to expanded hexanucleotide repeats, or a combination of the two. New animal models and other research tools informed by work in other repeat expansion neurodegenerative diseases such as the spinocerebellar ataxias will help to elucidate the mechanisms of C9ORF72-mediated disease. Similarly, re-examining previous studies of drugs developed to treat ALS in light of this new mutation may identify novel FTD treatments. Ultimately, research consortiums incorporating animal models and well-characterized clinical populations will be necessary to fully understand the natural history of the c9FTD/ALS clinical phenotypes and identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents that can cure the most common form of genetically determined FTD and ALS.
The use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer for the study of therapeutic targets: application to tyrosine kinase receptors (2007)

During recent years, the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) methodology has emerged as a powerful technique for the study of protein-protein interactions. This review focuses on recent work demonstrating the power of BRET for the study of tyrosine kinase receptors, using insulin and IGF-1 receptors as models. The authors show that BRET can be used to monitor ligand-induced conformational changes within homodimeric insulin and IGF-1 receptors, as well as heterodimeric insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptors. BRET can also be used to study, in real time and in living cells, the interaction of tyrosine kinase receptors with cellular partners negatively or positively involved in the regulation of intracellular signalling (protein tyrosine phosphatases, molecular adaptors). In addition, BRET can be used to develop high-throughput screening assays for the search of molecules with therapeutic interest and could, therefore, constitute a valuable tool for laboratories involved in drug discovery.
Design Gradient Descent Optimal Sliding Mode Control of Continuum Robots (2012)

In this research, a new approach for gradient descent optimal sliding mode controller for continuum robots is proposed. Based on the new dynamic models developed, a novel technique for nonlinear control of continuum manipulators to be employed in various situations has also been proposed and developed. A section of a continuum arm is modeled using lumped model elements (masses, springs and dampers) and control by nonlinear methodology (sliding mode method) and optimization the sliding surface slope by gradient descent method. It is shown that this type of control methodology, although used to a certain model, can be used to conveniently control the dynamics of the arm with suitable tradeoff in accuracy of modeling. This relatively controller is more plausible to implement in an actual real-time when compared to other techniques of nonlinear controller methodology of continuum arms. Principles of sliding mode methodology is based on derive the sliding surface slope and nonlinear dynamic model and applied in the system. Based on the gradient descent optimization method, the sliding surface slope and gain updating factor has been developed in certain and partly uncertain continuum robots. This methodology is represented in certain and uncertain area whose only optimization for certain area and test this optimization for uncertainty. The new techniques proposed and methodologies adopted in this paper supported by MATLAB/SIMULINK results represent a significant contribution to the field of design an optimized nonlinear sliding mode controller for continuum robots. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v1i4.883
An Anti-α-Fetoprotein Antibody-Daunorubicin Conjugate With a Novel Poly-<sc>l</sc>-glutamic Acid Derivative as Intermediate Drug Carrier (1984)

In studies on antitumor antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugates as potential antitumor agents with improved tumor specificity, daunorubicin [(DM) daunomycin] was conjugated with an affinity-purified horse antibody to rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with a novel derivative of poly-L-glutamic acid (PLGA) as the intermediate drug carrier. A single masked thiol group first was introduced by PLGA, and the thiol group was generated from it after the linking of DM to PLGA at the carboxyl groups of PLGA. The thiol group was used selectively for binding PLGA-DM to antibody that had been modified so as to have the maleimide groups. The conjugates (DM:PLGA:immunoglobulin molar ratio, 19.6:2.8:1 or 11.8:1.1:1) were more potent than DM in in vitro cytotoxicity against the AFP-producing rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH66. In therapeutic experiments, the conjugates were more efficacious in prolonging the lives of AH66 hepatoma-bearing DONRYU rats than DM, antibody, a mixture of DM and antibody, or a conjugate similarly prepared with normal horse immunoglobulin.
Protocol for determining enantioselective binding of chiral analytes on chiral chromatographic surfaces (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtocol for determining enantioselective binding of chiral analytes on chiral chromatographic surfacesKenny B. Lipkowitz, David A. Demeter, Richard. Zegarra, Raima. Larter, and Thomas. DardenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 11, 3446–3452Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00219a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Selective Fluorination in Drug Design and Development: An Overview of Biochemical Rationales (2006)

Several strategies used in the rational design and synthesis of fluorinated compounds as potential therapeutic agents are reviewed. Applications of fluorine substitution in empirical SAR studies for lead development also are discussed, along with the implications with respect to fluorine target interactions that can be derived from biological activities.
Regulation of Trichodiene Synthase in Fusarium sporotrichioides and Gibberella pulicaris ( Fusarium sambucinum ) (1989)

The regulation of trichodiene synthase (TS) and its relationship to trichothecene biosynthesis was investigated in Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 and Gibberella pulicaris R-6380. Cultures were analyzed for the presence of TS activity, trichothecenes, and immunodetectable TS polypeptide over a time period of 144 h. Enzyme activity increased from barely detectable to maximum levels over a period of 3 h for F. sporotrichioides, while in G. pulicaris, a steady increase was observed over 144 h. Increases in TS activity of 50-fold for F. sporotrichioides and 10-fold for G. pulicaris R-6380 preceded by several hours the detection of trichothecenes. Immunoblot analysis employing polyclonal serum specific for the enzyme from F. sporotrichioides showed that increases in the levels of TS polypeptide corresponded to the observed changes in enzyme activity for both organisms. These data indicate that the regulation of TS activity is accomplished through increases in its cellular concentration and that TS may serve as a useful indicator of trichothecene biosynthetic activity.
Hb D-Los Angeles Associated with Hb S or β-Thalassemia in Four Mexican Mestizo Families (1999)

Twenty-five individuals were studied from four unrelated Mexican Mestizo families with Hb D-Los Angeles. We observed five compound heterozygotes: four for Hb S and Hb D, and one for Hb D and beta-thalassemia (beta(0) 39 nonsense mutation); 16 heterozygotes: four for Hb S, seven for Hb D, and five for beta-thalassemia, while the remaining four were normal. The four Hb S/Hb D patients had severe hemolytic anemia, while in the Hb D/beta-thalassemia patient, the anemia was similar to that of a beta-thalassemia heterozygote; therefore, Hb D is clinically harmful when it is associated with Hb S. The beta(S) chromosomes were associated with the Benin haplotype in two families and Bantu in one family, while the beta(D) and beta(0) 39 mutations were associated with haplotype 1 [+ - - - - + +]. The Bantu and Benin haplotypes have been found with high frequency in Hb S individuals from the East Coast and Northwestern Mexico. The beta(D) chromosomes from Italy were also shown to be associated with haplotype 1, the most frequently observed haplotype in the world; there are no haplotype studies on beta(D) chromosomes from India or China where Hb D-Los Angeles is most common. Thus, the true origin of this mutation observed in these Mestizo families remains to be elucidated.
Combination Therapy with Cisplatin and Anti–4-1BB: Synergistic Anticancer Effects and Amelioration of Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity (2008)

Anti-4-1BB and cisplatin showed synergistic anticancer effects in the CT-26 colon carcinoma model, producing complete regression in >60% of mice with either preventive or therapeutic treatment. The tumor-free mice formed long-lasting CD8(+) T cell-dependent tumor-specific memory. Anti-4-1BB induced rapid repopulation of T and B cells from cisplatin-mediated lymphopenia and differentiation and expansion of IFN-gamma(+)CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells. Cisplatin facilitated expansion of naïve, effector, and memory CD8(+) T cells; combination therapy produced almost twice as many lymphoid cells as anti-4-1BB alone. Cisplatin increased 4-1BB on antigen-primed T cells and induced 4-1BB de novo on kidney tubular epithelium. Cross-linking of 4-1BB protected the T cells and kidney epithelium from cisplatin-mediated apoptosis by increasing expression of antiapoptotic molecules. Thus, cisplatin-induced 4-1BB provided a mechanism for amelioration of the lymphopenia and nephrotoxicity inherent in cisplatin treatment. We concluded that chemoimmunotherapy with anti-4-1BB and cisplatin is synergistic in tumor killing and prevention of organ-specific toxicity.
SASAPOS, not Sisyphos: Highly Efficient 20-Step One-Pot Synthesis of a Discrete Organic–Inorganic Ion Cluster with a Porphyrin Core (2002)

Cavities, indentations, and pockets aplenty! By means of self-activated silyl-assisted polyonio substitution (SASAPOS), meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin can be nearly quantitatively converted into the twentyfold positively charged polycation 1, within which 20 counterions are housed. The most drastic steric and electronic transformation of a porphyrin derivative to date has thus been achieved easily and efficiently. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z18913_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
IgG Antibody Reactive with Five Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Commercial Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparations (1992)

Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement is recommended for immunoglobulin deficiency, but comparison of the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations (IVIGs) has been hindered by the lack of standardized assays to measure immunoglobulin levels against important bacterial pathogens. IgG reactive with five commonly isolated serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in four commercially available IVIGs was measured by ELISA. Specific antibody to capsular polysaccharide was quantitated before and after adsorption with cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS). All IVIGs contained measurable levels of antibody to the five pneumococcal serotypes, although the levels against an individual serotype varied by as much as sevenfold from one preparation to another. Each IVIG also contained substantial concentrations of IgG reactive with CWPS. The amount of each IVIG that protected mice was nearly identical after the doses were adjusted on the basis of specific IgG measured by ELISA, thereby providing proof in vivo of the validity of this in vitro assay system.
Current understanding of the eutrophication process in Australia. (2001)

During the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, Australia experienced costly algal blooms in many freshwater systems, costing over 200 million Australian dollars annually. Research in the last decade in Australia has shown that eutrophication management strategies implemented in the early 1990s are not optimal. Much of the research on which they are based did not take into account the special features of the Australian landscape: population distribution, land use, soil characteristics, river flows and climate patterns. A number of research programmes initiated in the 1990s are now yielding a better understanding of freshwater ecosystems and eutrophication. Nitrogen appears to limit algal growth as often as phosphorus, and light controls growth more often than either nutrient. Fertilizers are unimportant sources of nutrients throughout the highly productive Murray-Darling Basin with most of the diffuse source phosphorus coming from natural stores in soils. Internal stores of nutrients in river sediments are important in some systems and key issues to be managed are water residence times and stratification. A more promising approach to managing eutrophication in Australian rivers appears to be flow manipulation which addresses both of the key drivers of algal blooms: water residence time and stratification.
Constructing isosurfaces from CT data (1991)

An algorithm that automatically produces polygonal representations of 3-D structures within a volume from a set of cross-sectional images is presented. The method incorporates the requirements necessary for structure analysis to go beyond plain rendering. The algorithm is fully automatic, using local voxel values to determine the connectivity of the surface. The resulting polygons are coherently ordered and connected, and no polygon occurs more than once. Each surface is complete, that is, no holes occur (except as an option, on the boundaries of the volume). The algorithm can be used to describe and visualize normal as well as pathological anatomy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>