gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of service orientation at the business level (2005)

In the current business environment in which companies are under increasing pressure not only to increase revenue but also to respond quickly to changing market conditions, companies will be successful only if they transform themselves and become on demand businesses. In this paper we describe the changes needed to effect this transformation, and in particular, we describe the important role played by componentization and by service orientation. We discuss the way componentization enables a business to operate in a value net, a network of partnerships with customers and suppliers supported by real-time information flows and information technology systems. We also describe the need for service orientation to achieve seamless integration of business components. We illustrate these ideas with a case study from the rental car business. Finally, we describe IBM activities in this area and the resulting methods and tools that help businesses deal with these challenges.
Development of a 3D printer using scanning projection stereolithography (2015)

We have developed a system for the rapid fabrication of low cost 3D devices and systems in the laboratory with micro-scale features yet cm-scale objects. Our system is inspired by maskless lithography, where a digital micromirror device (DMD) is used to project patterns with resolution up to 10 µm onto a layer of photoresist. Large area objects can be fabricated by stitching projected images over a 5 cm(2) area. The addition of a z-stage allows multiple layers to be stacked to create 3D objects, removing the need for any developing or etching steps but at the same time leading to true 3D devices which are robust, configurable and scalable. We demonstrate the applications of the system by printing a range of micro-scale objects as well as a fully functioning microfluidic droplet device and test its integrity by pumping dye through the channels.
Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice (2016)

Blood glucose control is the primary strategy to prevent complications in diabetes. At the onset of kidney disease, therapies that inhibit components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are also indicated, but these approaches are not wholly effective. Here, we show that once daily administration of the novel glucose lowering agent, empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor which targets the kidney to block glucose reabsorption, has the potential to improve kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. In male db/db mice, a 10-week treatment with empagliflozin attenuated the diabetes-induced upregulation of profibrotic gene markers, fibronectin and transforming-growth-factor-beta. Other molecular (collagen IV and connective tissue growth factor) and histological (tubulointerstitial total collagen and glomerular collagen IV accumulation) benefits were seen upon dual therapy with metformin. Albuminuria, urinary markers of tubule damage (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL), kidney growth, and glomerulosclerosis, however, were not improved with empagliflozin or metformin, and plasma and intra-renal renin activity was enhanced with empagliflozin. In this model, blood glucose lowering with empagliflozin attenuated some molecular and histological markers of fibrosis but, as per treatment with metformin, did not provide complete renoprotection. Further research to refine the treatment regimen in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy is warranted.
Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual (1998)

Preface Dedication Chapter 1: Antibody Structure And Function Chapter 2: Antibody-Antigen Interactions Chapter 3: Choosing Antibodies Chapter 4: Handling Antibodies Storing Antibodies Purifying Antibodies Labeling Antibodies Chapter 5: Staining Cells Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Protocols For Immunostaining Of Tissue Culture Cells Variations On The Immunostaining Procedure Chapter 6: Staining Tissues Major Constraints Choosing the Correct Antibody Immunostaining Tissues With Polyclonal Or Monoclonal Antibodies Protocols For Staining Tissue Sections Variations For Staining Yeast Variations For Staining Drosophila Protocols For Antigen Retrieval Chapter 7: Immunoprecipitation Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoprecipitation Protocols Variations On The Immunoprecipitation Procedure Chapter 8: Immunoblotting Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoblotting Protocols Variations In The Detection Methods Variations In The Immunoblotting Technique Chapter 9: Immunoaffinity Purification Major Constraints Choosing The Correct Antibody Immunoaffinity Purification With Polyclonal And Monoclonal Antibodies Protocols For Immunoaffinity Purification Variations On Immunoaffinity Purification Chapter 10: Tagging Proteins Major Constraints Why Tag Your Protein Tags For Protein Detection Tags For Protein Purification Choosing The Right Tag Deciding Where To Position The Tag How To Tag Your Protein Chapter 11: Epitope Mapping Determining The Structural Requirements Of An Epitope Choosing An Epitope-mapping Method Mapping By Competition Assay Mapping By Expression Of Gene Fragments Mapping Using Synthetic Peptides Synthesis Or Purchase Of The Peptide Set Alternate Approaches To Epitope Mapping Appendix I: Electrophoresis Appendix II: Protein Techniques Appendix III: General Information Appendix IV: Cautions Appendix V: Trademarks Appendix VI: Suppliers
Proliferative and cytokine responses to a major surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii (1993)

Naturally derived T-cell responses by rats to a 120-kDa major surface glycoprotein (MSG) of rat-derived Pneumocystis carinii were analyzed in vitro. Specific cytokines elicited by the T-cell response to the MSG were also identified. MSG was purified from rat-derived P. carinii by three different techniques: lectin affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroelution, and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The cell-mediated immunity of spleen cells isolated from Lewis rats with and without natural exposure to P. carinii to the purified MSG was studied. Exposure to P. carinii was monitored by the presence or absence of serum antibodies to P. carinii antigens by Western blotting (immunoblotting). A T-cell proliferative response to the MSG was identified only with spleen cells isolated from rats exposed to P. carinii and peaked at 4 days. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the percentage of CD4 cells was significantly increased during the proliferative response to MSG. MSG also elicited secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-2, with peak activity of these cytokines occurring after 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively, of culture. These findings suggest that MSG is important in host T-cell recognition of and immune response to P. carinii by recruitment of inflammatory cells and cytokine production.
Ultrasensitive Detection of microRNAs by Exponential Isothermal Amplification (2010)

Tiny amounts of a given miRNA (0.1 zmol) can be detected accurately and quantitatively by a real-time method based on an exponential amplification reaction (see picture). The proposed method has a wide dynamic range of more than 10 orders of magnitude, can be carried out within 30 minutes under isothermal conditions, and requires no modified DNA probes. It clearly discriminates miRNA sequences that differ by one base. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment: challenges and solutions (2005)

Advances in gene modification and viral therapy have led to the development of a variety of vectors in several viral families that are capable of replication specifically in tumor cells. Because of the nature of viral delivery, infection, and replication, this technology, oncolytic virotherapy, may prove valuable for treating cancer patients, especially those with inoperable tumors. Current limitations exist, however, for oncolytic virotherapy. They include the body's B and T cell responses, innate inflammatory reactions, host range, safety risks involved in using modified viruses as treatments, and the requirement that most currently available oncolytic viruses require local administration. Another important constraint is that genetically enhanced vectors may or may not adhere to their replication restrictions in long-term applications. Several solutions and strategies already exist, however, to minimize or circumvent many of these limitations, supporting viral oncolytic therapy as a viable option and powerful tool in the fight against cancer.
Long-Term Prostacyclin for Pulmonary Hypertension With Associated Congenital Heart Defects (1999)

Chronic PGI2 improves hemodynamics and quality of life in patients with PHT and associated CHD who fail conventional therapy. As previously demonstrated in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, long-term PGI2 may have an important role in the treatment of patients with PHT and associated CHD.
Role of J Chain in Secretory Immunoglobulin Formation (2000)

The joining (J) chain is a small polypeptide, expressed by mucosal and glandular plasma cells, which regulates polymer formation of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM. J-chain incorporation into polymeric IgA (pIgA, mainly dimers) and pentameric IgM endows these antibodies with several salient features. First, a high valency of antigen-binding sites, which makes them suitable for agglutinating bacteria and viruses; little or no complement-activating potential, which allows them to operate in a noninflammatory fashion; and, most importantly, only J-chain-containing polymers show high affinity for the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also known as transmembrane secretory component (SC). This epithelial glycoprotein mediates active external transfer of pIgA and pentameric IgM to exocrine secretions. Thus, secretory IgA (SIgA) and SIgM, as well as free SC, are generated by endoproteolytic cleavage of the pIgR extracellular domain. The secretory antibodies form the 'first line' of defence against pathogens and noxious substances that favour the mucosae as their portal of entry. The J chain is involved in creating the binding site for pIgR/SC in the Ig polymers, not only by determining the polymeric quaternary structure but apparently also by interacting directly with the receptor protein. Therefore, both the J chain and the pIgR/SC are key proteins in secretory immunity.
La conciencia hispanoamericana según Leopoldo Zea (1980)

Este párrafo resume un largo razonamiento que culmina en el análisis de la conciencia histórica hispanoamericana que Leopoldo lea expone como introducción a su estudio sobre el pensamiento latinoamericano. Dicho razonamiento aparecerá constantemente a lo largo de su libro aplicado al análisis particular de cada forma de aquél pensamiento. Por eso es interesante tratar de fijarlo a través del comentario.
Human Autoantibodies Modulate the T Cell Epitope Repertoire but Fail to Unmask a Pathogenic Cryptic Epitope (2005)

Abs can tune the responses of Ag-specific T cells by influencing the nature of the epitope repertoire displayed by APCs. We explored the interaction between human self-reactive T cells and human monoclonal autoantibodies from combinatorial Ig-gene libraries derived from autoimmune thyroiditis patients and specific for the main autoantigen thyroid peroxidase (TPO). All human mAbs extensively influenced the T cell epitope repertoire recognized by different TPO-specific T cell clones. The action of the human mAbs was complex, because sometimes the same Ab suppressed or enhanced the epitopes recognized by the 10 different TPO-specific T cell clones. The human mAbs could modulate the epitope repertoire when TPO was added exogenously and when expressed constitutively on the surface of APCs. However, they could not unmask an immunodominant cryptic TPO epitope. In this study, we show that human autoantibodies influence the activity of self-reactive T cells and prove their relevance in concealing or exposing epitopes recognized by self-reactive T cells. However, our results further stress the biological significance of the immunodominant cryptic epitope we have defined and its potential importance in the evolution of autoimmunity.
Research on static and dynamic characteristics of a compound bearing with tilting pads and rolling bearing (2016)

According to the high stiffness requirement of bearings on spindle systems of precision machine tools, a kind of compound bearing composed of tilting pads and rolling bearing is proposed in this paper. In the start and stop process, the weight of rotor parts is borne by the rolling bearing, and the tilting pads avoid wear. When the spindle is reaching a certain speed, the rolling elements is disengaged from the outer ring of the rolling bearing, and the load is carried by the tilting pad bearing alone. The pivot position of the tilting pads can be defined by two characteristic parameters: Radial Pivot Position Coefficient (RPPC) and Circumferential Pivot Position Coefficient (CPPC). The influence laws of the pivot position parameters on the performance of compound bearing are synthetically analyzed. The results show that the stiffness of compound bearing can be effectively improved by proper design of the two pivot position parameters. The theoretical researches on this new compound bearing in this paper provide reference for bearing design of high stiffness spindle system.
Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines. (1997)

Somatic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes have been observed in sporadic tumors as well as cell lines and xenografts derived from such tumors implicating genetic defects of mismatch repair genes in the development of such tumors. However, the proportion of sporadic tumors in which mismatch repair genes have been inactivated has not been determined accurately. We have analyzed 66 sporadic colorectal tumors for the expression of hMLH1 by immunohistochemistry and identified 4 tumors that do not express hMLH1. These four colorectal tumors, a colon tumor cell line (SW48) and an endometrial tumor cell line (AN3CA), did not express hMLH1, despite the absence of mutations in its coding sequence. Cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was found in these four colorectal tumors, whereas cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was absent in adjacent normal tissue or in nine tumors that expressed hMLH1. In addition, cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was observed in the SW48 and AN3CA cell lines that do not express hMLH1 but not in four tumor cell lines known to express hMLH1 mRNA. Our data indicate that DNA methylation is likely to be a common mode of mismatch repair gene inactivation in sporadic tumors.
Monitoring of Intercalation Stages in Lithium-Ion Cells over Charge-Discharge Cycles with Fiber Optic Sensors (2015)

Lithium (Li)-ion cells have shown great promise as an enabler for clean, renewable energy storage. However, a key factor hindering their mass adoption in fielded renewable energy systems has been management of their functional performance for more effective battery utilization and control over their life. Over the course of charge and discharge cycles, the cell electrode materials undergo reversible material phase changes, known as intercalation stage transitions, which tend to drift or change as the cell ages or degrades. Monitoring these in real-time during fielded use would be very beneficial for effective cell state estimation in battery management systems (BMS). Presently these are only characterizable using special long-duration laboratory tests such as slow scan cyclic voltammetry. This paper focuses on the potential of hair-thin fiber-optic (FO) sensors to monitor intercalation stage transition points. Sharp features were observed in the signals from FO sensors bonded on cells at certain SOC values in a repeatable manner across different cycles at various C rates. These were demonstrated to correlate with intercalation stage transitions. This novel capability enabled by FO sensors can be useful both as a Li-ion cell design characterization tool and for run-time monitoring by BMS.
Regulation of Interleukin-2 Transcription by Inducible Stable Expression of Dominant Negative and Dominant Active Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase in Jurkat T Cells (1996)

Engagement of the T cell receptor induces the activation of several mitogen-activated protein kinase modules, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascades. Whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase is activated by T cell receptor/CD3 ligation alone, activation of JNK requires co-stimulation by the CD28 receptor. Activation of MEKK-1, which acts as a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in the JNK pathway, was also induced by CD3 plus CD28 (CD3/CD28) ligation in Jurkat cells. To study the significance of the JNK cascade in T lymphocytes, we established stable Jurkat cell lines that inducibly express dominant active (DA) or dominant negative (DN) MEKK-1. Whereas expression of DA-MEKK-1 resulted in the constitutive activation of JNK along with the transcriptional activation of the minimal interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter, DN-MEKK-1 inhibited JNK responsiveness during CD3/CD28 co-stimulation. In addition to inhibiting CD3/CD28-induced IL-2 mRNA expression, DN-MEKK-1 abrogated the transcriptional activation of the IL-2 promoter and the distal nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-activating protein 1 (AP-1) response element in that promoter. A c-Jun mutant lacking activation sites for JNK also interfered with the activation of the distal NFAT/AP-1 complex, suggesting that the JNK pathway functions by controlling AP-1 response elements in the IL-2 promoter. Using inducible stable expression of DA- and DN-Ras in Jurkat cells, we found that Ras regulates JNK activation in these cells. Our results suggest that the dual ligation of CD3 and CD28 in T cells triggers a cascade of events that involve Ras, the JNK cascade, and one or more AP-1 response elements in the IL-2 promoter.
FEIBA® safety profile in multiple modes of clinical and home‐therapy application (2004)

The development of neutralizing antibodies to factor VIII or IX therapeutic concentrates remains the most serious and challenging complication in the management of patients with haemophilia A and B. FEIBA, Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Complex, is an activated prothrombin complex concentrate that has been used to treat patients with such complications for almost 30 years. The mechanism of action of FEIBA has been proposed to involve simultaneous FVIII/FIX inhibitor bypassing action in the common, intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. FEIBA is derived from human plasma that undergoes stringent viral screening followed by significant viral inactivation and removal. To date, there have been no confirmed reports of transmission of hepatitis A, B or C, or of human immunodeficiency viruses associated with the use of the current, vapour-heat-treated FEIBA concentrate. The incidence of thrombotic adverse events recorded in the Baxter pharmacovigilance database for the 10-year postmarket period (1990-99) was approximately 4 : 100,000 infusions of FEIBA. Almost all documented thrombotic events with FEIBA occurred with doses that exceeded dosing recommendations, and known risk factors for cardiovascular disease were evident in more than 80% of the patients involved. Overall, clinical data have shown FEIBA to be safe and well-tolerated for use in a wide variety of clinical settings, including treatment of bleeding episodes, management of surgical procedures, home therapy, long-term prophylaxis, and prophylaxis during immune tolerance induction, when used according to dosing guidelines.
Supersonic Nanoparticle Interaction with Suspended CVD Graphene (2016)

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Hemangioblasts from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Generate Multilayered Blood Vessels with Functional Smooth Muscle Cells (2008)

These results demonstrate that hemangioblasts (BCs) generated from hESCs are tripotential and can provide a potentially inexhaustible source of cells for the treatment of human blood and vascular diseases.
Increased levels of p21WAF1/Cip1 in human brain tumors. (1995)

The cdk inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1 (p21), which can be transcriptionally activated by p53, functions to block cell cycle progression. In this study, we analysed the expression of p21 in normal and reactive brain and in gliomas of various malignancy grades. Southern blotting showed no p21 gene deletion. Western blotting and immunohistochemical assay showed that the levels of p21 protein in normal and reactive brain tissue were very low; however, p21 was elevated in a majority of gliomas tested, regardless of their malignancy grades. In glioblastoma multiforme, marked elevation of p21 was observed in samples harboring either wild-type or mutant p53. But, in anaplastic astrocytomas, the level of p21 was not elevated in samples harboring mutant-type p53. Immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded astrocytomas and glioblastomas showed that tumor cells and not contaminating normal cells were positive for p21. Therefore, overexpression of p21 appears to be an early event in the development of glial neoplasms and p53-dependent p21 expression appears to be tumor grade specific.
A column elutriator for extracting cyst nematodes and other small invertebrates from soil samples (1987)

SUMMARY A column soil elutriator (the Wye Washer) for extracting cyst nematodes and other small invertebrates from soil samples is described. Laboratory tests have shown the new equipment to achieve extraction rates equal to or better than existing techniques and to offer operational advantages also. Soil in quantities of up to 1 kg may be processed without drying or subsampling, the equipment can be left unattended once set to work, and can be used to extract a range of target organisms. There is only one working part (a valve) and no electrical parts, but water use and price is high. The Wye Washer is now used in the advisory entomology laboratory at Wye as the standard equipment for extracting cysts of Heterodera and Globodera , for eggs of cabbage root fly ( Delia radicum ) and for cocoons of black currant leaf midge ( Dasineura tetensi ).