gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activities of Rhodamine B-Conjugated Gelsolin-Derived Peptides Compared to Those of the Antimicrobial Peptides Cathelicidin LL37, Magainin II, and Melittin (2004)

The growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the search for new antimicrobial agents and the principles by which they work. We report that cell membrane-permeant rhodamine B (RhB)-conjugated peptides based on the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding site of gelsolin can kill the gram-negative organisms Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the gram-positive organism Streptococcus pneumoniae. RhB linkage to the QRLFQVKGRR sequence in gelsolin was essential for the antibacterial function, since the unconjugated peptide had no effect on the bacteria tested. Because RhB-QRLFQVKGRR (also termed PBP10), its scrambled sequence (RhB-FRVKLKQGQR), and PBP10 synthesized from D-isomer amino acids show similar antibacterial properties, the physical and chemical properties of these derivatives appear to be more important than specific peptide folding for their antibacterial functions. The similar activities of PBP10 and all-D-amino-acid PBP10 also indicate that a specific interaction between RhB derivatives and bacterial proteins is unlikely to be involved in the bacterial killing function of PBP10. By using a phospholipid monolayer system, we found a positive correlation between the antibacterial function of PBP10, as well as some naturally occurring antibacterial peptides, and the intrinsic surface pressure activity at the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface. Surprisingly, we observed little or no dependence of the insertion of these peptides into lipid monolayers on the phospholipid composition. These studies show that an effective antimicrobial agent can be produced from a peptide sequence with specificity to a phospholipid not found in bacteria, and comparisons with other antimicrobial agents suggest that the surface activities of these peptides are more important than specific binding to bacterial proteins or lipids for their antimicrobial functions.
Comparative study of tranexamic acid and norethisterone in the treatment of ovulatory menorrhagia (1995)

Tranexamic acid is a safe and effective form of medical therapy in women with menorrhagia and is highly likely to normalise blood loss in women losing 80 to 200 ml prior to treatment. Norethisterone at this dose is not effective therapy for ovulatory menorrhagia.
Public law: An examination of purpose (part I) (1991)

In an era where the private sector increasingly assumes functions which hitherto have been performed by the state, questions are being asked whether public law in its present form should not be revised to better safeguard the interests of the citizens. It is against this backdrop that the article seeks to examine some of the basic questions of public law. Part I will consider approaches used both in England and in Singapore in defining the scope of public law. Part II will seek to examine some implications which may result from a recognition of the present limits of public law when placed against the changing functions of the state, and to consider the purpose for which public law ought to achieve.
Comparison of cefazolin, cefamandole, vancomycin, and LY146032 for prophylaxis of experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis (1988)

We evaluated antibiotic prophylaxis in the rabbit model of experimental endocarditis with three strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis of differing susceptibility patterns. For the first strain, which was highly susceptible to methicillin and cephalosporins, vegetations grew S. epidermidis for all 15 untreated rabbits compared with 1 of 20 rabbits receiving cefazolin, 3 of 20 receiving cefamandole, none of 20 receiving vancomycin, and none of 20 receiving LY146032. For the second strain, which was methicillin resistant but cephalosporin susceptible, vegetations were positive for 14 of 15 untreated controls, 4 of 20 receiving cefazolin, 5 of 22 receiving cefamandole, none of 20 receiving vancomycin, and none of 20 receiving LY146032. For the third strain, which was methicillin resistant and only intermediately susceptible to cephalosporin antibiotics, vegetation cultures were positive for 15 of 17 untreated controls, 14 of 21 receiving cefazolin, 11 of 20 receiving cefamandole, 5 of 20 receiving vancomycin, and 0 of 22 receiving LY146032. In conclusion, these studies in the endocarditis model indicate that cefazolin and cefamandole have some protective value against certain strains of S. epidermidis. Vancomycin and LY146032, however, were more active than cephalosporins for all three strains included in this analysis. These findings support the need for trials of vancomycin and LY146032 prophylaxis in patients undergoing placement of prosthetic heart valves.
Loop-Type Ground Radiation Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications (2013)

A compact ground radiation method for 2.45 and 5.5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. This method is based on two different loop-type current modes that are excited in the ground plane and separately operated at 2.45 and 5.5 GHz, producing a very small-sized antenna with good radiation efficiencies and wide impedance bandwidths. The proposed radiation method requires a small ground clearance of 8.5 mm × 4.5 mm for installing the antenna element. The experimental result shows that a good impedance matching performance is simultaneously achieved at the dual frequency bands and the -10 dB bandwidths are obtained as 120 MHz and 720 MHz at the 2.45 and 5.5 GHz frequency bands, respectively, and good radiation performance is achieved.
Polymeric microspheres as diagnostic tools for cell surface marker tracing. (1986)

The adequate expression of cell-surface receptors and antigens is an important requirement for the functional ability of living cells. A lot of different methods for cell surface marker tracing have been described; however, most of these techniques have disadvantages limiting their wide-scale utilization in routine laboratory and clinical practice. The most recent technique for these purposes, approaching near the ideal one, is based on the use of synthetic microspheric particles made of polymers which are formed mainly by emulsion or radiation polymerization of a variety of monomers. The resulting spherical particles bear hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or other functional groups capable of covalent binding of proteins, dyes, or chemotherapeutic agents. Fluorescent, radioactive or haptenic labels may be introduced already during the polymerization, too. There are three main fields of application of such specific labeled microspheres in cell biology: (1) detection of cell surface markers; (2) studies of phagocytosis mediated via cell surface markers; and (3) cell separation according to cell surface markers. In this review general principles of preparation and applications of polymeric microspheres in cell biology are summarized.
The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation. (1991)

The mechanism of Tat transactivation was studied by treating cell lines containing Tat-defective viruses with purified Tat protein. These cell lines constitutively produce very low levels of virus in the absence of Tat, as measured by p24 antigen levels. Virus production can be increased greater than 30,000-fold by adding exogenous Tat. Tat addition increases mRNA levels early in the viral life cycle, and Tat is required for Rev function to become evident. There is no evidence for a translational effect of Tat. Nuclear run-on experiments show that the increase in mRNA levels is due to an increased efficiency of elongation of nascent transcripts. These results suggest that Tat may be a gene-specific elongation factor.
Immunotherapy Targeting Pathological Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathies (2008)

Immunotherapies that target the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown promise in animal and human studies. Although the first clinical trial was halted because of adverse reactions, this approach has been refined and additional trials are underway. Another important target in AD is the neurofibrillary tangles, composed primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, which correlate well with the degree of dementia. As Abeta and tau pathologies are likely synergistic, targeting both should be more effective and may be essential as early diagnosis prior to cognitive decline is currently not available. Also, Abeta immunotherapy only results in a very limited indirect clearance of tau aggregates in dystrophic neurites, showing the importance of developing a separate therapy that directly targets pathological tau. Our findings in two tangle mouse models indicate that immunization with a phospho-tau derivative reduces aggregated tau in the brain and slows progression of the tangle-related behavioral phenotype. These antibodies enter the brain and bind to pathological tau within neurons. We are currently clarifying further the mechanism of action of this promising therapeutic approach and determining its epitope specificity.
On-chip near-infrared spectroscopy of CO2 using high resolution plasmonic filter array (2016)

We report an ultra-compact, cost-effective on-chip near-infrared spectroscopy system for CO2 sensing using narrow-band optical filter array based on plasmonic gratings with a waveguide layer. By varying the periodicity of the gratings, the transmission spectra of the filters can be continuously tuned to cover the 2.0 μm sensing window with high spectral resolution around 10 nm. Our experimental results show that the on-chip spectroscopy system can resolve the two symmetric vibrational bands of CO2 at 2.0 μm wavelength, which proves its potential to replace the expensive commercial IR spectroscopy system for on-site gas sensing.
Structure and conformation of the 1:1 molecular complex sulfaproxyline–caffeine (1991)

C 16 H 18 N 2 O 4 S•C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 cristallise dans P2 1 /c avec a=12,197, b=34,109, c=12,878 A, β=108,68°, Z=8; affinement jusqu'a R=0,046. L'unite asymetrique contient deux molecules de sulfaproxyline et deux de cafeine. Dans le cristal, les molecules de cafeine sont empilees parallelement les unes aux autres. Lorsqu'elles sont presentes, les liaisons hydrogene sont faibles (D...A>3,0 A), montrant que l'empilement est du a des interactions autres que les liaisons
A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults (2012)

The findings of this study suggest that a high-concentration full-spectrum Ashwagandha root extract safely and effectively improves an individual's resistance towards stress and thereby improves self-assessed quality of life.
Protecting confidential data on personal computers with storage capsules (2009)

Protecting confidential information is a major concern for organizations and individuals alike, who stand to suffer huge losses if private data falls into the wrong hands. One of the primary threats to confidentiality is malicious software on personal computers, which is estimated to already reside on 100 to 150 million machines. Current security controls, such as firewalls, anti-virus software, and intrusion detection systems, are inadequate at preventing malware infection. This paper introduces Storages Capsules, a new approach for protecting confidential files on a personal computer. Storage Capsules are encrypted file containers that allow a compromised machine to securely view and edit sensitive files without malware being able to steal confidential data. The system achieves this goal by taking a checkpoint of the current system state and disabling device output before allowing access a Storage Capsule. Writes to the Storage Capsule are then sent to a trusted module. When the user is done editing files in the Storage Capsule, the system is restored to its original state and device output resumes normally. Finally, the trusted module declassifies the Storage Capsule by re-encrypting its contents, and exports it for storage in a low-integrity environment. This work presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of Storage Capsules, with a focus on exploring covert channels.
Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs (2005)

Human alteration of the nitrogen cycle has resulted in steadily accumulating nitrate in our water resources. The U.S. maximum contaminant level and World Health Organization guidelines for nitrate in drinking water were promulgated to protect infants from developing methemoglobinemia, an acute condition. Some scientists have recently suggested that the regulatory limit for nitrate is overly conservative; however, they have not thoroughly considered chronic health outcomes. In August 2004, a symposium on drinking-water nitrate and health was held at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology meeting to evaluate nitrate exposures and associated health effects in relation to the current regulatory limit. The contribution of drinking-water nitrate toward endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds was evaluated with a focus toward identifying subpopulations with increased rates of nitrosation. Adverse health effects may be the result of a complex interaction of the amount of nitrate ingested, the concomitant ingestion of nitrosation cofactors and precursors, and specific medical conditions that increase nitrosation. Workshop participants concluded that more experimental studies are needed and that a particularly fruitful approach may be to conduct epidemiologic studies among susceptible subgroups with increased endogenous nitrosation. The few epidemiologic studies that have evaluated intake of nitrosation precursors and/or nitrosation inhibitors have observed elevated risks for colon cancer and neural tube defects associated with drinking-water nitrate concentrations below the regulatory limit. The role of drinking-water nitrate exposure as a risk factor for specific cancers, reproductive outcomes, and other chronic health effects must be studied more thoroughly before changes to the regulatory level for nitrate in drinking water can be considered.
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) concentration modulates embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation independently of proliferation (2000)

A major limitation of the widespread use of stem cells in a variety of biotechnological applications is the relatively low level of knowledge about how to maintain these cells in vitro without losing the long-term multilineage growth properties required for their clinical utility. An experimental and theoretical framework for predicting and controling the outcome of stem cell stimulation by exogenous cytokines would thus be useful. An emerging theme from recent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-expansion studies is that a net gain in HSC numbers requires the maintenance of critical signaling ligand(s) above a threshold level. These ligand-receptor complex thresholds can be maintained, for example, by high concentrations of soluble cytokines or by cytokine presentation on cell surfaces. According to such a model, when the relevant ligand-receptor interaction falls below this threshold level, the probability of a differentiation response is increased; otherwise, self-renewal is favored. Taking advantage of the ability of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to maintain embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotentiality at high concentrations, we are testing this model by investigating critical parameters in the control of ES cell responses. We have developed quantitative assays of ES cell differentiation by measuring cell-surface alkaline phosphatase activity, cell-surface stage specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-1 expression, and the ability of ES cells to form embryoid bodies. Examination of ES cell responses over a range of LIF concentrations shows that LIF supplementation has little effect on ES cell-growth rate but significantly alters the probability of a cell undergoing a self-renewal vs. a differentiation division. In vitro culture parameters such as inoculum cell density, medium exchange, as well as cell-intrinsic processes such as autocrine secretion are shown to affect this decision. In addition to yielding new information on stem cell regulation by exogenous factors, these studies provide important clues about culture of these cells and should stimulate further investigations into the mechanistic basis of stem cell differentiation control. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 69: 607–617, 2000.
Simple faecal preparation and efficacy of frozen inoculum in faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection – an observational cohort study (2014)

Preparation of frozen transplants simplifies the practical aspects of faecal microbiota transplantation without loss of efficacy or safety.
The 55 % Solution: A Formula for Molecular Recognition in the Liquid State (1998)

Binding of guests in self-assembled or covalently linked capsules is shown to be related to the occupancy factor or packing coefficient. Optimal binding can be expected when this value (defined as the ratio between the guest volume and the host cavity volume; right) is in the range 0.55±0.09. This is also shown to reflect the space filled in typical organic solvents. An analysis of different guests and hosts capable of reversible binding suggests a rule of general applicability as to what constitutes a good fit.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated barley transformation (1997)

Genetically transformed barley was produced by eco‐cultivating immature embryo explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a binary vector coding for chimaeric bacterial genes, bar and gus , and selecting for bialaphos‐resistant cultures from which plants were regenerated. Integration of both genes was confirmed by gel blot hybridization analysis of DNA from the transformed plants and their progenies. From 1282 embryos, plants were recovered for 54 independently transformed lines, giving a transformation efficiency of 4.2%. Transgene numbers in the different lines ranged from single copy insertion to at least ten copies. Sixteen out of 18 plants grown to maturity were fully fertile. Both marker genes, bar and gus , were expressed and co‐segregated in the T 1 progeny plants. In the majority of cases, the genes showed Mendelian segregation predicted for transgene insertion at a single locus. In one family with multiple transgene insertions, molecular analysis of T 1 and T 2 plants suggested that the T‐DNA had inserted at two unlinked loci.
Smart Grid and Electricity Market (2010)

The analysis of the relationship between the smart grid and the electricity market is a difficult and complicated issue,which is related with lots of aspects and involves lots of unanticipated factors. The preliminary exploration is made. Based on the identification of interaction relationship between the smart grid and the electricity market,the impact of the smart grid on the electricity market is analyzed emphatically as follows. Firstly,the basic function of the smart grid in supporting the market development is analyzed; Secondly,the huge driving forces on the deregulation of power industry by the smart gird are studied,including the change of power industry foundation,the deregulation forces,the reinforcement of ordinary commodity property of electricity and so on; In the end,the perspective traits of the electricity market led by the smart grid are systematically concluded. In addition,the potential significant influence on the market design by the smart grid as well as renewable energy and the corresponding tentative solving ways are intensively analyzed.
Optical Absorptivity Enhancement of SiO2 Thin Film by Ti and Ag Additive (2013)

This paper presents the visible optical absorptivity enhancement of SiO2 thin films by Ti and Ag additive. SiO2 thin films were prepared on glass substrate by sol-gel technique. Methacryloxy propyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS), Titanium isopropoxide (TiP) and Silver nitrate were used as precursors. MAPTMS was dissolved in absolute ethanol with various Ti and Ag content. The physical properties of as-prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron micrograph (TEM). The effects of Ti and Ag addition on optical properties were investigated from its optical absorption measured by UV-VIS Spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). XRD patterns shows the formation of TiO2 and Ag in thin film. The effect of Ti and Ag additive on SiO2 thin films were scrutinized by mean of the optical absorption in visible region. XRD and TEM results disclose the existence of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles in the as-prepared films. It can be observed that the improvement in optical absorption in both UV and visibl e region can be efficiently accomplished by the incorporation of Ti and Ag into SiO2 films.
A new era in periodontal and periimplant regeneration: use of growth-factor enhanced matrices incorporating rhPDGF. (2006)

A new, powerful off-the-shelf wound healing and bone regeneration technology termed growth-factor enhanced matrix (GEM) has recently become available for clinical use. This graft material consists of a concentrated solution of pure recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB), the synthetic form of the body's key natural wound healing stimulator PDGF-BB, and an osteoconductive (bone scaffold) matrix. This is the first available purified, recombinant (synthetic) growth factor product and is the result of over a decade of extensive research. Clinical and animal study results with this graft material demonstrate that it is capable of simultaneously promoting wound healing, regeneration of bone, and acceleration of gingival attach-plent gain in challenging periodontal and periimplant defects.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Protein Misfolding Diseases: Pathological Molecular Environments Versus Quality Control Systems Against Misfolded Proteins (2009)

Diverse human diseases, including various neurodegenerative disorders and amyloidoses, are thought to result from the misfolding and aggregation of disease-causative proteins, and thus are collectively called protein misfolding diseases. Natively folded disease-causative proteins generally undergo a beta-sheet conformational transition through an energetically unfavourable process, and further polymerize into amyloid fibrils. In the case of beta(2)-microglobulin-related amyloidosis, an extracellular protein misfolding disease, many kinds of biological molecules including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and lipids partially unfold beta(2)-microglobulin and catalyse its subsequent nucleus formation. After amyloid fibrils are formed, these biological molecules stabilize the beta(2)-microglobulin fibrils. In the polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases, an intracellular protein misfolding disease, molecular chaperones as well as the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome protein degradation systems, which are called the protein quality control systems, strictly regulate protein misfolding, aggregation and disease progression. A family of extracellular chaperones also binds to misfolded proteins and inhibit amyloid fibril formation in the extracellular space. Protein misfolding and aggregation may be an ideal therapeutic target for protein misfolding diseases in general.