gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insecticidal effect of aliphatic alcohols against aquatic stages of Aedes mosquitoes (1983)

Effectiveness of certain long carbon chain aliphatic alcohols as ovicides and larvicides was investigated under laboratory conditions against eggs and larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes scutellaris. Out of the eight alcohols tested, three (1-decanol, 1-undecanol and 1-dodecanol) proved to be very effective. The hatching of mosquito eggs was inhibited at a dosage of 5 to 7 litres/hectare. First, third and fourth instar larvae were killed at a dosage of 3 to 7 litres/hectare. First instar larvae were more sensitive to the alcohols than the older larvae. The shorter carbon chain alcohols (2-mercapto-ethanol, 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol and 2-octanol) proved unsatisfactory due to their volatility and solubility. Longer carbon chain alcohols (1-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol and 1-octadecanol), Which are solid and wax-like at room temperature, proved unsatisfactory when dissolved in hexane and applied to eggs and larvae.
Graphenes as Potential Material for Electronics (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGraphenes as Potential Material for ElectronicsJishan Wu, Wojciech Pisula, and Klaus MüllenView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 3, 718–747Publication Date (Web):February 10, 2007Publication History Received4 April 2006Published online10 February 2007Published inissue 1 March 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068010rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068010rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28215Altmetric-Citations2426LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Carrier dynamics,Molecules,Supramolecular chemistry,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Atomic layer deposited Al2O3 for gate dielectric and passivation layer of single-walled carbon nanotube transistors (2007)

High performance single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs) fabricated with thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 as gate dielectrics and passivation layer are demonstrated. A 1.5μm gate-length SWCNT-FETs with 15nm thick Al2O3 insulator shows a gate leakage current below 10−11A at −2.5V&amp;lt;Vg&amp;lt;+7V, a subthreshold swing of S∼105mV∕decade, and a maximum on current of −12μA at a reverse gate bias of −1V. Lack of hysteresis in IV characteristics and low low frequency noise indicate high quality oxide-nanotube interface achieved utilizing ALD Al2O3 as gate dielectrics and passivation layer.
Practical temporal consistency for image-based graphics applications (2012)

We present an efficient and simple method for introducing temporal consistency to a large class of optimization driven image-based computer graphics problems. Our method extends recent work in edge-aware filtering, approximating costly global regularization with a fast iterative joint filtering operation. Using this representation, we can achieve tremendous efficiency gains both in terms of memory requirements and running time. This enables us to process entire shots at once, taking advantage of supporting information that exists across far away frames, something that is difficult with existing approaches due to the computational burden of video data. Our method is able to filter along motion paths using an iterative approach that simultaneously uses and estimates per-pixel optical flow vectors. We demonstrate its utility by creating temporally consistent results for a number of applications including optical flow, disparity estimation, colorization, scribble propagation, sparse data up-sampling, and visual saliency computation.
Raman Microspectrometry Study of Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation into Sputtered Crystalline V2O5 Thin Films (2008)

Raman microspectrometry has been used to investigate the local structural changes induced by the electrochemical lithium intercalation reaction in crystalline sputtered V2O5 thin films in a liquid electrolyte. Contrary to usual composite electrodes made of a mixture of active material and conductive and binding agents, the use of a pure V2O5 thin film allows a homogeneous Li insertion in the material and a high quality of Raman signatures to be obtained. The Raman spectra of LixV2O5 compounds for 0 < x < 1 are examined as a function of the lithium content and discussed in relation with the X-ray diffraction data pertinent to these h00-oriented thin films and literature data. An assignment of all Raman bands is proposed, and the Raman fingerprint of the ϵ-type phase, whose interlayer distance continuously increases with x, is clearly evidenced all along the Li insertion process: lithium ions rapidly produce an orthorhombic ϵ phase characterized by a vanadyl stretching mode at 984 cm−1 for 0 < x < 0.5, and further Li accommodation induces a splitting into two stretching modes, the first one shifting from 984 to 975 cm−1, the second from x = 0.7 located at a fixed wavenumber of 957 cm−1. Both modes are consistent with the local structure of the ϵ lithium-rich phase called ϵ′ and reflect the existence of two different lithium sites. This work illustrates that the structural changes, in terms of long-range order and local structure, are strongly dependent on the microstructure and morphology of the material.
Characterization of a functionally important and evolutionarily well-conserved epitope mapped to the short consensus repeats of E-selectin and L-selectin. (1992)

Selectins represent a new family of adhesion molecules, expressed by leukocytes and endothelial cells, that are involved in the regulation of leukocyte traffic. Here we have characterized a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) (EL-246) that recognizes both human leukocyte L-selectin (previously called LAM-1, LECAM-1, or gp90MEL-14) and endothelial cell E-selectin (previously called ELAM-1). EL-246 recognized a 110-kD protein expressed on cells transfected with E-selectin cDNA and stained many postcapillary venules in inflamed human tonsil. EL-246 also stained human peripheral blood leukocytes and showed identity with anti-L-selectin mAb in two-color flow cytometric analysis. The expression of the leukocyte EL-246 antigen was regulated in the same manner as L-selectin and EL-246 recognized anti-L-selectin mAb affinity-purified antigen in SDS/PAGE Western blot analysis. Further, L-selectin cDNA transfectants were specifically stained by EL-246. EL-246 blocked greater than 95% of lymphocyte adhesion to peripheral lymph node high endothelial venules and greater than 90% of neutrophil adhesion to E-selectin transfectants. In addition to the EL-246 epitope being expressed on two different human selectins, it was detected on L-selectin from a variety of different animals. Interestingly, domain mapping studies localized the EL-246 epitope to the short consensus repeat (SCR) domains of L-selectin. EL-246 is the first mAb that recognizes two different selectins and potentially defines a functional epitope encoded by the SCR domains. Inhibitors of selectin function targeted to this region would be expected to have the added advantage of simultaneously blocking the activity of two distinct adhesion proteins involved in inflammation.
Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Ion Flux Induced by Various Aggregation States of Amyloid-Beta Peptides. (2011)

The pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves accumulation of amyloid-beta (Ab) peptides into plaques in brain tissues. Two species of Ab peptides, Ab1-40 and Ab1-42, have been identified as the major components of the amyloid plaques. Most studies have reported that the intermediate oligomeric forms of Ab are responsible for neurodegeneration; the exact mechanisms of neurotoxicity, however, are still unclear. An increasing number of evidence indicates that Ab peptides can form pores in neuronal membranes and cause uncontrolled ion flux through cellular membranes, leading to a disruption of the ion homeostasis. In this thesis, with regard to a controversy on the mechanism of Ab-induced ion flux: ion channel formation versus thinning membrane hypotheses, we provided an evidence that Ab can form pores which permit ion flux through the artificial lipid and neuronal membranes, while the proposed membrane thinning effect was due to the residual amounts of the solvent hexafluoroisopropanol, which was used in the preparation procedure. In addition, we used planar lipid bilayer recordings to study the formation of ion channel, and cytotoxicity assays to determine the toxicity of Ab from various preparation methods of Ab. We characterized the aggregation states of Ab using biochemical and biophysical techniques to correlate the relative abundance of aggregated Ab species with pore formation and cytotoxicity. Our statistical analyses revealed that pore formation was correlated most strongly with tetramers to hexamers, while cytotoxicity correlated with tetramers to 18 mers. The partial overlap of Ab oligomers that induced the highest probability of pore formation with those that were most toxic suggests that pore formation is likely a contributing mechanism to the toxicity of Ab. In the second part of this research, we characterized two synthetic molecules containing oligo(ethylene glycol), which self-assemble to form ion channels across lipid membranes. We found that these molecules also exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, which might be appealing as a starting material for the development of antibiotics.
Effects of Surface Structure on the Hydrophobicity and Sliding Behavior of Water Droplets (2002)

Hydrophobicity and sliding behavior of water droplets were investigated on various hydrophobic pillarlike and groove structures prepared on a silicon wafer by dicing and subsequently coating with fluoroalkylsilane. The dominant hydrophobicity mode was changed from Wenzel's mode to Cassie's mode at a smaller roughness than that expected from the calculation based on the sinusoidal surface by Johnson and Dettre. The effect of water intrusion on the microstructure due to droplet weight was revealed to be an important factor governing the water sliding angle on the surface. In a comparison of the sliding behavior of water droplets over pillarlike and groove structures, it was demonstrated that a proper design of the surface with respect to shape and extent of the three-phase line is more effective than the increase of contact angles merely by decreasing the solid−water contact area.
Construction of Tn5 lac, a transposon that fuses lacZ expression to exogenous promoters, and its introduction into Myxococcus xanthus. (1984)

A promoterless trp-lac fusion fragment was inserted near one end of the bacterial transposon Tn5 in the correct orientation to fuse lacZ gene expression to promoters outside Tn5. The resulting transposon, Tn5 lac, retains the kanamycin-resistance gene of Tn5 and transposes in Escherichia coli at 6% the frequency of Tn5 to many different sites in a bacteriophage lambda target. Expression of beta-galactosidase, the product of the lacZ gene, from Tn5 lac insertions in phage lambda depends both on insertion into a transcription unit in the correct orientation and on the regulation of the promoter of the transcription unit, verifying that by transposition Tn5 lac can fuse lacZ expression to outside promoters. An insertion of Tn5 lac in bacteriophage P1 was isolated and used to introduce Tn5 lac into Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium that undergoes multicellular development. Stable kanamycin-resistant transductants are obtained that contain no P1 DNA sequences but have Tn5 lac inserted at different sites in the Myxococcus chromosome. Individual transductants express different levels of beta-galactosidase. A chromogenic substrate of beta-galactosidase, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside, is toxic in Myxococcus when cleaved in large amounts. In principle, Tn5 lac could be used to assay transcription in any bacterium in which Tn5 can transpose and beta-galactosidase can be measured.
Forearm posture and grip effects during push and pull tasks (2010)

Direction of loading and performance of multiple tasks have been shown to elevate muscle activity in the upper extremity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gripping on muscle activity and applied force during pushing and pulling tasks with three forearm postures. Twelve volunteers performed five hand-based tasks in supinated, neutral and pronated forearm postures with the elbow at 90 degrees and upper arm vertical. All tasks were performed with the right (dominant) hand and included hand grip alone, push and pull with and without hand grip. Surface EMG from eight upper extremity muscles, hand grip force, tri-axial push and pull forces and wrist angles were recorded during the 10 s trials. The addition of a pull force to hand grip elevated activity in all forearm muscles (all p < 0.017). During all push with grip tasks, forearm extensor muscle activity tended to increase when compared with grip only while flexor activity tended to decrease. Forearm extensor muscle activity was higher with the forearm pronated compared with neutral and supinated postures during most isolated grip tasks and push or pull with grip tasks (all p < 0.017). When the grip dynamometer was rotated so that the push and pull forces could act to assist in creating grip force, forearm muscle activity generally decreased. These results provide strategies for reducing forearm muscle loading in the workplace. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Tools and tasks designed to take advantage of coupling grip with push or pull actions may be beneficial in reducing stress and injury in the muscles of the forearm. These factors should be considered in assessing the workplace in terms of acute and cumulative loading.
Automatic generation of beam apertures (1993)

In order to specify arbitrarily shaped beam apertures for three-dimensional radiation treatment planning, aperture contours (or outlines) are often manually drawn using a beam's eye view display of the target volume and nearby normal structures. This can be a very time consuming process, and can be impractical for multileaf collimation and computer-aided optimization of a large number of fields. A method has been developed that allows automatic generation of aperture shapes that outline the target volume and may spare neighboring structures whenever desired. Margins of user-specified sizes (positive or negative) around the target and normal structures are also incorporated. For a chosen beam orientation, a 3D surface of each anatomic structure of interest is formed and projected onto a plane at the beam's isocenter. The outlines of each projected object are detected by an edge following algorithm, and margins are added. The outlines of normal structures are combined with that of the target volume to obtain the final aperture shape. This is done by overlaying filled versions of the outlines in such a way that regions of the target overlapped by normal structures are cut away, leaving only the target volume region to be irradiated. The remaining target volume outline is again detected to produce an aperture contour. Normal structures may split the aperture into several pieces, so this method detects any number of disjoint aperture contours. The results of the algorithm are illustrated with apertures generated for nasopharynx and prostate tumors, including sparing of normal tissues.
Nurr1 in Parkinson's disease and related disorders (2005)

In mammals, the transcription factor Nurr1 is expressed early in development and continues to be detectable throughout the organism's lifetime. Nurr1 is involved in the establishment and maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype within specific central nervous system neuronal subpopulations including the nigrostriatal dopamine system. This protein is reduced over the course of normal aging, which is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether Nurr1 expression is affected by PD has not been documented. The present study examined the role of Nurr1 in the maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype within neurons in substantia nigra in PD compared with patients with diagnoses of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) or age-matched-matched controls. In PD, the optical density (OD) of Nurr1 immunofluorescence was significantly decreased in nigral neurons containing alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions. Similarly, the OD of Nurr1 immunofluorescence intensity in the nigra of AD cases was decreased in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In contrast to PD and AD, the OD of Nurr1 immunofluorescence intensity was severely decreased in the neurons with or without NFTs in PSP cases. Decline of Nurr1-ir neuronal number and OD was observed within substantia nigra (SN) neurons in PD but not within hippocampal neurons. The decline in Nurr1-ir expression was correlated with loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence across the four groups. These data demonstrate that Nurr1 deficiency in dopaminergic neurons is associated with the intracellular pathology in both synucleinopathies and tauopathies.
Gene therapy for HIV infection (1995)

The genetic approach to HIV infection is still very young and a number of different stages in the viral life cycle are being studied as targets for gene therapy, using a wide variety of modalities for gene delivery. Several gene therapy protocols for AIDS have been approved and when this article is published these may be in progress. In this chapter the scientific background to these in vivo studies is reviewed.
Zymogen Factor IX Potentiates Factor IXa-Catalyzed Factor X Activation (2000)

Intrinsic factor X activation is accelerated >10(7)-fold by assembly of the entire complex on the activated platelet surface. We have now observed that increasing the concentration of zymogen factor IX to physiologic levels ( approximately 100 nM) potentiates factor IXa-catalyzed activation of factor X on both activated platelets and on negatively charged phospholipid vesicles. In the presence and absence of factor VIIIa, factor IX (100 nM) lowered the K(d,appFIXa) approximately 4-fold on platelets and 2-10-fold on lipid vesicles. Treatment of two factor IX preparations with active-site inhibitors did not affect these observations. Autoradiographs of PAGE-separated reactions containing either (125)I-labeled factor IX or (125)I-labeled factor X showed that the increased factor X activation was not due to factor Xa-mediated feedback activation of factor IX and that there was increased cleavage of factor X heavy chain in the presence of factor IX in comparison with control reactions but only in the presence of both the enzyme and the surface. Since plasma concentrations of prothrombin, factor VII, protein C, or protein S did not by themselves potentiate factor Xa generation and did not interfere with the potentiation of the reaction of factor IX, the effect is specific for factor IX and is not attributable to the Gla domain of all vitamin K-dependent proteins. These observations indicate that under physiologic conditions, plasma levels of the zymogen factor IX specifically increase the affinity of factor IXa for the intrinsic factor X activation complex.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Two Trans-Regulatory Genes ( tat -III, trs ) of HIV-1 (1988)

Point mutations were introduced into the overlapping trans-regulatory genes (tat-III and trs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and the mutants were evaluated for virus expression. The results showed that tat-III has a positive transacting role and is required for transcriptional activation. A chain terminating mutation early in the trs gene resulted in an increase in transcription of viral messenger RNA as measured by nuclear transcription experiments, but only one major species of viral messenger RNA (1.8 kilobases) was detected, and little or no viral structural proteins were made. Thus, the trs gene product is essential for expression of virus structural proteins but, at the same time, may have a negative trans-regulatory role in transcription. Cotransfection of the point mutant proviruses defective in tat or trs with each other or with a complementary DNA clone containing tat and trs sequences restored the normal transcription pattern and subsequent virus production.
Contributions to Organo‐Nickel Chemistry (1988)

Abstract One hundred years of organonickel chemistry have generated a wealth of new knowledge and a history of examples of accidental discoveries which have finally led to industrial applications. The historical development is associated with the names of Mond, Sabatier, Reppe and Ziegler and, with the methods and techniques available today, many of the original discoveries and unsolved problems are attracting renewed attention. For example, 70 years were to go by before a synthesis first conceived by Sabatier could finally be realized. The path leading from nickel‐catalyzed hydrogenation to highly enantioselective homogeneous catalysts is one of the contributions to organonickel chemistry which is described here.
-III spectrin mutation L253P associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 interferes with binding to Arp1 and protein trafficking from the Golgi (2010)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in beta-III spectrin. A mouse lacking full-length beta-III spectrin has a phenotype closely mirroring symptoms of SCA5 patients. Here we report the analysis of heterozygous animals, which show no signs of ataxia or cerebellar degeneration up to 2 years of age. This argues against haploinsufficiency as a disease mechanism and points towards human mutations having a dominant-negative effect on wild-type (WT) beta-III spectrin function. Cell culture studies using beta-III spectrin with a mutation associated with SCA5 (L253P) reveal that mutant protein, instead of being found at the cell membrane, appears trapped in the cytoplasm associated with the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, L253P beta-III spectrin prevents correct localization of WT beta-III spectrin and prevents EAAT4, a protein known to interact with beta-III spectrin, from reaching the plasma membrane. Interaction of beta-III spectrin with Arp1, a subunit of the dynactin-dynein complex, is also lost with the L253P substitution. Despite intracellular accumulation of proteins, this cellular stress does not induce the unfolded protein response, implying the importance of membrane protein loss in disease pathogenesis. Incubation at lower temperature (25 degrees C) rescues L253P beta-III spectrin interaction with Arp1 and normal protein trafficking to the membrane. These data provide evidence for a dominant-negative effect of an SCA5 mutation and show for the first time that trafficking of both beta-III spectrin and EAAT4 from the Golgi is disrupted through failure of the L253P mutation to interact with Arp1.
A Presence Event Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2004)

community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.