gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band lineups and deformation potentials in the model-solid theory (1989)

Semiconductor heterojunctions and superlattices have recently shown tremendous potential for device applications because of their flexibility for tailoring the electronic band structure. A theoretical model is presented to predict the band offsets at both lattice-matched and pseudomorphic strained-layer interfaces. The theory is based on the local-density-functional pseudopotential formalism and the ``model-solid approach'' of Van de Walle and Martin. This paper is intended as a self-contained description of the model, suitable for practical application. The results can be most simply expressed in terms of an ``absolute'' energy level for each semiconductor and deformation potentials that describe the effects of strain on the electronic bands. The model predicts reliable values for the experimentally observed lineups in a wide variety of test cases and can be used to explore which combinations of materials and configurations of the strains will lead to the desired electronic properties.
Database and Network Technologies: An Integral Tool for Methane Development (1991)

Abstract Taurus Exploration, Inc., an oil and gas exploration and production division of Energen Corporation, has made a large investment in computer technology as an integral part of its research and development. Computer applications have evolved in a continuing effort to refine and customize available technology. Taurus has developed database applications that are industry specific and that match the business functions of the company. These are relational databases, that is, information that is updated in one file is automatically updated in all other relevant files through the use of file indexing. By employing the use of local and wide area networking, Taurus has developed an automation capability that allows its Methane Department to more effectively track development, production, and associated cost information. Relying on its networking and database capabilities, Taurus can make quick and accurate decisions concerning project development, as well as daily field operations. Taurus has installed local area networks at its corporate headquarters as well as each of its four remote field offices. These local area networks have been integrated into one comprehensive communication tool. Each field office sends current well construction and production tracking data to the main network at Headquarters. Using remote Ethernet bridges and DSU/CSU's (Digital Service Unit/Channel Service Unit) attached to dedicated 56 Kilobits/Sec DDS telephone lines, the four remote network sites have been connected into a single integrated network system. This configuration allows Taurus to maximize employee time and productivity by sending and receiving current well and cost information, electronic mail, and documents. The basic building block for Taurus' database applications is the Advanced Revelation™ (AREV)* programming language. Such intuitive applications are the product of strong design, logical organization, consistent presentation, and the heavy reliance on user input. The system developers need abundant software tools to achieve a flexible environment for prototyping specific functions of the system. Automated filing systems, applications generators, query languages, and programming languages are all key ingredients, but they alone are not the only key to the success of Taurus' database applications.
Embryonic anti-aging niche (2011)

Although functional organ stem cells persist in the old, tissue damage invariably overwhelms tissue repair, ultimately causing the demise of an organism. The poor performance of stem cells in an aged organ, such as skeletal muscle, is caused by the changes in regulatory pathways such as Notch, MAPK and TGF-β, where old differentiated tissue actually inhibits its own regeneration. This perspective analyzes the current literature on regulation of organ stem cells by their young versus old niches and suggests that determinants of healthy and prolonged life might be under a combinatorial control of cell cycle check point proteins and mitogens, which need to be tightly balanced in order to promote tissue regeneration without tumor formation. While responses of adult stem cells are regulated extrinsically and age-specifically, we put forward experimental evidence suggesting that embryonic cells have an intrinsic youthful barrier to aging and produce soluble pro-regenerative proteins that signal the MAPK pathway for rejuvenating myogenesis. Future identification of this activity will improve our understanding of embryonic versus adult regulation of tissue regeneration suggesting novel strategies for organ rejuvenation. Comprehensively, the current intersection of aging and stem cell science indicates that if the age-imposed decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells was understood, the debilitating lack of organ maintenance in the old could be ameliorated and perhaps, even reversed.
Imaging freeform optical systems designed with NURBS surfaces (2016)

The designs of two imaging freeform systems using nonuniform rational basis-spline (NURBS) optical surfaces are described. The first system, a 10 deg×9 degf/2 three-mirror anastigmat has four times higher spatial resolution over the image plane compared with the equivalent conventional rotational aspheric design, and 2.5 times higher resolution compared with a 10th-order XY polynomial freeform design. The mirrors for the NURBS freeform design have more than twice the asphericity than the conventional rotational and XY polynomial designs. In the second system, a Ritchey–Chretien telescope followed by a two-mirror NURBS freeform corrector is compared to a four-mirror Korsch telescope, for imaging to a visible-infrared imaging spectrometer. The freeform corrector design had 70% smaller spot sizes over the field and eliminated the large tertiary required in Korsch type design. Both of these NURBS freeform designs are possible due to a custom optical design code for fast accurate NURBS optimization, which now has parallel raytracing for thousands of NURBS grid points.
Histopathologic Variability in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2009)

OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is based on histologic findings of eosinophilia in the esophageal squamous epithelium in patients presenting with esophageal symptoms. Variability in the degree of squamous epithelial eosinophil infiltration presents a challenge to diagnostic accuracy. We examined the histopathologic features in a well-defined cohort of children with EoE to derive an optimal number of biopsies needed for diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with EoE based on >15 eosinophils per high-power field (eos/HPF) were evaluated. The diagnosis of EoE was based on persistent esophageal eosinophilia following acid suppression therapy. All patients had mid and distal biopsy specimens that were analyzed along with 24-h pH probe studies. RESULTS: A total of 221 biopsy specimens were reviewed with a median of 7.8 (range, 5-8) specimens per patient. Eight patients demonstrated abnormal pH studies. The median eos/HPF was 41 (range, 0-288 eos/HPF). Using a criterion of >15 eos/HPF, the diagnostic sensitivity of a single biopsy was 73%, which increased to 84%, 97% and 100% for two, three and six biopsies, respectively. Five patients (17%) would not have met the criteria for diagnosis if biopsies were only taken from the mid esophagus whereas one patient (3%) would have been missed if only distal biopsies were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Significant histologic variability exists among biopsy specimens from pediatric patients with EoE. Using the criterion of >15 eos/HPF, three biopsy specimens achieved a diagnosis of EoE in 97% of patients. Histopathologic changes consistent with EoE can persist following proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients with EoE and gastroesophageal reflux disease when the latter is defined by increased distal esophageal acid exposure.
High-Throughput Illumina Strand-Specific RNA Sequencing Library Preparation (2011)

INTRODUCTION Conventional Illumina RNA-Seq does not have the resolution to decode the complex eukaryote transcriptome due to the lack of RNA polarity information. Strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-Seq) can overcome these limitations and as such is better suited for genome annotation, de novo transcriptome assembly, and accurate digital gene expression analysis. This protocol describes a simple and robust method to generate ssRNA-Seq libraries for the Illumina sequencing platform. It has significantly increased the throughput to 96 libraries in a two-day preparation while simultaneously lowering the reagent costs to below ten dollars per library. It is compatible with both single-read and paired-end multiplex sequencing and, most importantly, its data can also be used with existing conventional RNA-Seq data. This is a significant advantage, because it enables researchers to switch to ssRNA-Seq even if a large amount of data has already been generated by the nonstrand specific methods.
Stimulation by Soluble CD70 Promotes Strong Primary and Secondary CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Responses In Vivo (2004)

Identification of the signals required for optimal differentiation of naive CD8(+) T cells into effector and memory cells is critical for the design of effective vaccines. In this study we demonstrate that CD27 stimulation by soluble CD70 considerably enhances the magnitude and quality of the CD8(+) T cell response. Stimulation with soluble CD70 in the presence of Ag significantly enhanced the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells and their ability to produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma in vitro. Administration of Ag and soluble CD70 resulted in a massive (>300-fold) expansion of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells in vivo, which was due to the enhanced proliferation and survival of activated T cells. In mice that received Ag and soluble CD70, CD8(+) T cells developed into effectors with direct ex vivo cytotoxicity. Furthermore, unlike peptide immunization, which resulted in a diminished response after rechallenge, CD27 stimulation during the primary challenge evoked a strong secondary response upon rechallenge with the antigenic peptide. Thus, in addition to increasing the frequency of primed Ag-specific T cells, CD27 signaling during the primary response instills a program of differentiation that allows CD8(+) T cells to overcome a state of unresponsiveness. Taken together these results demonstrate that soluble CD70 has potent in vivo adjuvant effects for CD8(+) T cell responses.
Adaptive cross-correlation algorithm for extended scene Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing (2008)

We present an adaptive cross-correlation algorithm for a large dynamic range extended-scene Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We show that it accurately measures very fine image shifts over many pixels under a variety of practical imaging conditions.
Intrathecal release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during stroke (1997)

A growing body of evidence points out the potential role of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of ischaemic brain damage. We have recently demonstrated that stroke patients display an intrathecal production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-6 already within the first 24 h after the beginning of symptoms (Tarkowski et al., 1995). The aim of the present study was to investigate patterns of local inflammatory responses as a consequence of acute stroke. Thirty stroke patients were studied prospectively on days 0-3, 7-9, 21-26 and after day 90 with clinical evaluations, radiological assessments and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine levels. In addition, 15 healthy control CSF samples were used. Significantly increased CSF levels of IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-10 were observed early during the stroke with a peak on day 2 for the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and GM-CSF, and on day 3 for the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. Patients with a brain infarct predominantly located in the white matter showed significantly higher levels of IL-8 in CSF than patients with an infarct mainly located in the grey matter. Also, high levels of intrathecal tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were associated with the presence of white matter disease. Our study demonstrates an intrathecal production of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in patients with stroke, supporting the notion of localized immune response to the acute brain lesion. A better understanding of the inflammatory response in stroke may lead to new treatment strategies.
Optical properties of human skin (2012)

A survey of the literature is presented that provides an analysis of the optical properties of human skin, with particular regard to their applications in medicine. Included is a description of the primary interactions of light with skin and how these are commonly estimated using radiative transfer theory (RTT). This is followed by analysis of measured RTT coefficients available in the literature. Orders of magnitude differences are found within published absorption and reduced-scattering coefficients. Causes for these discrepancies are discussed in detail, including contrasts between data acquired in vitro and in vivo. An analysis of the phase functions applied in skin optics, along with the remaining optical coefficients (anisotropy factors and refractive indices) is also included. The survey concludes that further work in the field is necessary to establish a definitive range of realistic coefficients for clinically normal skin.
Ligand-Sensitized Lanthanide Nanocrystals: Merging Solid-State Photophysics and Molecular Solution Chemistry (2016)

To date, the breadth of scientific research that has been devoted to investigating the photochemical and photophysical behavior of the lanthanide elements has generally fallen into one of two camps: solution studies of luminescent lanthanide metal-ligand complexes or investigations of solid-state nanoparticles, composed primarily of, or doped with, lanthanide lumiphores. In the latter case, most research of lanthanide nanocolloids has precluded any investigations regarding the use of organic ligands to overcome the difficulties associated with f-f excitation of lanthanides. Instead, most work on condensed-phase lanthanide luminescence has centered on strategies such as d-f charge separation in divalent lanthanides and the sensitization of lanthanide excited states using quantum dots. Current work now aims at bridging the camps of condensed-phase lanthanide photophysics and the solution chemistry of ligand-lanthanide molecular complexes. Recent efforts have partly focused on the fundamental characterization of NaGd<sub>1-x</sub>Ln<sub>x</sub>F<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles featuring surface display of the sensitizer ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), showing these structures to be capable of converting absorbed UV light into luminescence from Eu<sup>3+</sup> and Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions. These results suggest such a use of the ligand sensitization as a tool of choice to overcome the constraints of UV solar spectrum/semiconductor band-gap mismatch and low absorption cross sections in solid-state lanthanide systems.
Seismic velocities in transversely isotropic media (1979)

Abstract When a sedimentary earth section is layered on a scale much finer than the wavelength of seismic waves, the waves average the physical properties of the layers; a seismic wave acts as if it were traveling in a single, transversely isotropic solid. We compute the velocities with which P-waves, SV-waves, and SH-waves travel in transversely isotropic solids formed from two-component solids and find the corresponding moveout velocities from t 2 - x 2 plots. The combinations studied are sandstone and shale, shale and limestone, water sand and gas sand, and gypsum and unconsolidated material, one set of typical physical properties being selected for each component of a combination. A reflector at 1524 m and a geophone spread of 0-3048 m are assumed.The moveout velocity for an SH-wave is always the velocity for a wave traveling in the horizontal direction. The P-wave moveout velocity found from surface seismic data can be anywhere from the vertical P-wave velocity to values between those for vertical and horizontal travel; the actual value depends on the elastic parameters and the spread length used for velocity determination. If the two components of the solid have the same Poisson's ratio, the velocity from surface-recorded data is the vertical P-wave velocity. For this case, SH-wave anisotropy can be computed. SV-wave data usually do not have hyperbolic time-distance curves, and the moveout velocity found varies with spread length. Surprisingly, the water sand-gas sand combination gives a medium with negligible anistropy. A two-component combination of gypsum in weathered material gives rise to t 2 - x 2 plots that seem to explain the unusual behavior of near-surface SV-waves seen in field studies reported by Jolly (1956).
Diterpenoids from Saliva plebeia R. Br. and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities (2015)

A new skeleton of diterpenoid, 1,2,3,4,4α,9,10,10α-octahydro-(4α-hydroxyymethyl) -1,1-dimethyl-9-(1-methylethyl)-(2S,3S,4αR,9R,10αS)-2,3,5,7-phenanthrenetertrol, named plebeianiol A (1), along with four known diterpenoids (2-5), were isolated from Salvia plebeia R. Br. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. In the bioactivity tests, compounds 1, 2 and 5 showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 20.0-29.6 µM. In addition, these three compounds had significant inhibitory effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. Compounds 1-3 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced macrophages with IC50 values of 18.0-23.6 µM. These results showed that compounds 1, 2 had significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and might provide basis for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative lesions and inflammation.
Magnetoresistance in Metallic Crystals of La1-xSrxCoO3 (1995)

Magnetotransport properties have been investigated for metallic crystals of La 1- x Sr x CoO 3 ( x =0.20 and 0.30) with perovskite structure. Around the ferromagnetic transition temperature ( T c ), fairly large negative magnetoresistance (MR) has been found. The magnitude of the MR is proportional to square of the magnetization above T c and appears to be enhanced as the metal-insulator compositional phase boundary is approached. The results are discussed in terms of the double exchange mechanism.
Lo sagrado y lo sacrílego en "Le roi des aulnes", de Michel Tournier (1995)

Aquel que est familiarizado con la produccin literaria de Michel Tournier habr visto emerger, entre los compases -a veces
Registration and immobilization in robot-assisted surgery (1995)

Robotic systems for computer-assisted surgery involve both tools and techniques that are new to the surgical arena. Registration and immobilization in particular are key problems. Registration is the spatial alignment of the coordinate frames of the robot, an anatomic object (e.g., a bone), and the preoperative plan (a computer model). Immobilization is necessary to maintain that alignment. We discuss various approaches to registration and immobilization and solutions appropriate for an orthopedic surgical system.
Abnormal in vitro proliferation and differentiation of T colony forming cells in AIDS patients and clinically normal male homosexuals. (1985)

T cell colonies were generated from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 11 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), 17 normal male and female heterosexuals and seven clinically normal male homosexuals. Mononuclear cells were cultured in methylcellulose both in the absence and presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing conditioned medium. Clinically normal homosexuals showed a low number of T4+ (P less than 0.01) but not T8+ cells. The number of T cell colony forming cells (T-CFC) from both AIDS patients and homosexuals was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced compared to T-CFC from normal heterosexuals. In seven and four out of 11 AIDS patients, T-CFC from peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively, were able to generate colonies in the absence of added growth factors and/or mitogenic stimulation. Pooled spontaneous and induced colonies from AIDS patients as well as induced colonies from normal homosexuals were composed of immature cells bearing the T3+, T4+, T6+ T8+ surface phenotype, unlike colonies from normal heterosexuals which displayed mature cells bearing the T3+ T4+ T6- and T3+ T8+ T6- surface phenotype. Moreover, most T-CFC from primary spontaneous and induced colonies had lost their self-renewal capacity either in the absence or the presence of added growth factors. These results suggest that early impairment of T-CFC may play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
Decoding of trellis-encoded signals in the presence of intersymbol interference and noise (1989)

A novel receiver for data-transmission systems using trellis-coded modulation is investigated. It comprises a whitened-matched filter and a trellis decoder which combines the previously separated functions of equalization and trellis-coded modulation (TCM) decoding. TCM encoder, transmission channel, and whitened-matched filter are modeled by a single finite-state machine with combined intersymbol interference and code states. Using ISI-state truncation techniques and the set-partitioning principles inherent in TCM, a systematic method is then developed for reducing the state complexity of the corresponding ISI and code trellis. A modified branch metric is used for canceling those ISI terms which are not represented by the trellis states. The approach leads to a family of Viterbi decoders which offer a tradeoff between decoding complexity and performance. An adaptive version of the proposed receiver is discussed, and an efficient structure for reduced-state decoding is given. Simulation results are presented for channels with severe amplitude and phase distortion. It is shown that the proposed receiver achieves a significant gain in noise margin over a conventional receiver which uses separate linear equalization and TCM decoding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intestinal micropatches for oral insulin delivery (2017)

Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health issue that has almost reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Injectable insulin has been typically utilized for the management of this chronic disease. However, lack of patient compliance with injectable formulations has spurred the development of oral insulin formulations, which although appealing, face several delivery challenges. We have developed novel mucoadhesive intestinal patches, several hundred micrometers in dimension (micropatches) that address the challenges of oral insulin delivery. The micropatches adhere to the intestinal mucosa, release their drug load rapidly within 30 min and are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in vivo. When insulin-loaded micropatches were administered with a permeation enhancer and protease inhibitor, a peak efficacy of 34% drop in blood glucose levels was observed within 3 h. Efficacy further improved to 41% when micropatches were administered in multiple doses. Here, we describe the design of micropatches as an oral insulin formulation and report their in vivo efficacy.