gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the flavin reductase gene (fre) of Escherichia coli and construction of a plasmid for overproduction of the enzyme (1991)

The enzyme NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase (flavin reductase) catalyzes the reduction of soluble flavins by reduced pyridine nucleotides. In Escherichia coli it is part of a multienzyme system that reduces the Fe(III) center of ribonucleotide reductase to Fe(II) and thereby sets the stage for the generation by dioxygen of a free tyrosyl radical required for enzyme activity. Similar enzymes are known in other organisms and may more generally be involved in iron metabolism. We have now isolated the gene for the E. coli flavin reductase from a lambda gt11 library. After DNA sequencing we found an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 233 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 26,212 and with an N-terminal segment identical to that determined by direct Edman degradation. The coding sequence is preceded by a weak ribosome binding site centered 8 nucleotides from the start codon and by a promoterlike sequence centered at a distance of 83 nucleotides. In a Kohara library the gene hybridized to position 3680 on the physical map of E. coli. A bacterial strain that overproduced the enzyme approximately 100-fold was constructed. The translated amino acid sequence contained a potential pyridine nucleotide-binding site and showed 25% identity with the C-terminal part of one subunit (protein C) of methane monooxygenase from methanotropic bacteria that reduces the iron center of a second subunit (protein A) of the oxygenase by pyridine nucleotides.
Polyfluorenes with Phosphonate Groups in the Side Chains as Chemosensors and Electroluminescent Materials (2005)

Polyfluorenes (P1 and P2) with phosphonate groups in the side chains were designed and synthesized. Their absorption and photoluminescence spectra in solutions are solvent dependent and exhibit a red shift up to 14 and 6 nm, respectively, with increasing solvent polarity. The polymers are highly soluble in ethanol with a solution photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.74. Polymer P2 in thin film cast from ethanol shows high intrachain order as revealed by red-shifted absorption spectrum and emission spectrum along with well-resolved vibronic structure. Both P1 and P2 are highly sensitive and selective Fe3+ sensory materials, and the sensitivity is much higher than that of model compounds 3 and 4. The highest sensitivity was observed with polymer P1, and a 210-fold fluorescence quenching in dichloromethane was achieved. Polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) were also fabricated to investigate the electroluminescent properties. A luminous efficiency of 1.49 cd/A with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.171, 0.131) at 100 cd/m2 and a maximum brightness of 1750 cd/m2 have been demonstrated.
Augmenting the social space of an academic conference (2004)

Academic conferences provide a social space for people to present their work, learn about others' work, and interact informally with one another. However, opportunities for interaction are unevenly distributed among the attendees. We seek to extend these opportunities by allowing attendees to easily reveal something about their background and interests in different settings through the use of <i>proactive displays</i>: computer displays coupled with sensors that can sense and respond to the people nearby. We designed, implemented and deployed a suite of proactive display applications at a recent academic conference: <i>AutoSpeakerID</i> augmented formal conference paper sessions; <i>Ticket2Talk</i> augmented informal coffee breaks. A mixture of qualitative observation and survey response data are used to frame the impacts of these applications from both individual and group perspectives, highlighting the creation of new opportunities for both interaction and distraction. We end with a discussion of how these social space augmentations relate to the concepts of focus and nimbus as well as the problem of shared interaction models.
Amino acid sequence of alcohol dehydrogenase from the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobium brockii (1989)

The complete amino acid sequence of alcohol dehydrogenase of Thermoanaerobium brockii (TBAD) is presented. The S-carboxymethylated protein was cleaved at methionine residues (with cyanogen bromide) to provide a set of 10 nonoverlapping fragments accounting for 90% of the sequence. These fragments were then overlapped and aligned, and the sequence was completed by using peptides generated by proteolytic cleavage at lysine residues (with Achromobacter protease I). The protein subunit contained 352 amino acid residues corresponding to a molecular weight of 37,652. The sequence showed about 35% identity with that of the prokaryotic Alcaligenes eutrophus alcohol dehydrogenase and about 25% identity with any one of the eukaryotic alcohol/polyol dehydrogenases known today. Of these, only 18 residues (5%) are strictly conserved: 11 Gly, 2 Asp, and 1 each of Cys, His, Glu, Pro, and Val.
Fabrication of Al-Matrix Composites Reinforced with Amino Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2011)

Amino functionalized boron nitride nanotubes were used as the reinforcement material for the fabrication of Al-matrix composites using powder metallurgy process. It was found that the mechanical properties of these composites were improved significantly as compared to pure Al composites fabricated under similar conditions. The microhardness of these composites was found to improve by five times and compressive strength by 300% as compared to pure Al composites under similar processing conditions. The enhanced mechanical properties of these composites can be attributed to the proper dispersion of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in Al matrix and the formation of a strong interfacial bonding between BNNTs and Al matrix under the processing conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the formation of transition layer of AlB2 which might lead to a better load transfer from Al matrix to the BNNTs. Further, these composites are believed to withstand high temperatures as compared to Al matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes and, therefore, can be used for applications where lightweight and high strength materials are desired with stability at elevated temperatures.
Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Nab-Paclitaxel in High Risk Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy (2009)

Neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel was well tolerated. Similar to our experience with neoadjuvant docetaxel there were no pathological complete responses, although a possible histological antitumor effect was observed.
Low-Dose Transdermal Testosterone Therapy Improves Angina Threshold in Men With Chronic Stable Angina (2000)

Low-dose supplemental testosterone treatment in men with chronic stable angina reduces exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.
Aptamer-Based Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery for Photodynamic Therapy (2010)

A specialized G-rich DNA structure, G-quadruplex, has been studied for its special physical characteristics and biological effects. Herein we report a novel strategy of using G-quadruplex as a drug carrier to target cancer cells for photodynamic therapy (PDT). A G-quadruplex forming AS1411 aptamer could be physically conjugated with six molecules of porphyrin derivative, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP4), to fabricate the apt-TMP complex. The TMPyP4 molecules in the complex were identified to bind tightly to the aptamer by intercalation and outside binding. Because the G-quadruplex structure is known to target the overexpressed nucleolin in cancer cells, in this study, the effect of the G-quadruplex structure as a carrier for the delivery of TMPyP4 into cancer cells by nucleolin-mediated internalization was investigated. The results showed that the apt-TMP complex exhibited a higher TMPyP4 accumulation in MCF7 breast cancer cells than in M10 normal epithelium cells. After treated with light for 180 s, the photodamage in MCF7 cells was larger than in M10 cells. These results indicated that the TMPyP4 delivery and uptake were mediated by the specific interaction of the apt-TMP complex with nucleolin on the cellular surface and that the use of the AS1411 aptamer as a drug carrier may be a potential tactic in cancer therapy.
Decoder-Side Motion Vector Derivation for Block-Based Video Coding (2012)

A decoder-side motion vector derivation algorithm for hybrid video coding is proposed. The algorithm is based on template matching and aims to reduce motion parameter bit-rate by re-estimating the applicable motion parameters at the decoder side. An average bit-rate savings of about 6%-8% is observed compared to the reference H.264/AVC. Decoder-side motion vector derivation was included in multiple proposals for the new High Efficiency Video Coding standard. This paper details and analyzes the algorithm and discusses its relation to other coding tools.
Neurotoxicity of Commonly Used Antineoplastic Agents (1974)

Nitrogen Mustard (NSC-762)Nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) is the prototype of the "alkylating agent" class of Cytotoxic drugs. Favorable therapeutic effects from nitrogen mustard are common in Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas and some solid tumors. The major toxicities of nitrogen mustard are bone-marrow suppression and gastrointestinal disturbances.There have been no reports of serious or life-threatening neurologic toxicity due to intravenous nitrogen mustard when conventional doses were used, except for a recent case presented by Bethlenfalvay and Bergin.85 They described a patient with Hodgkin's disease in whom chills, fever, hemiplegia, and coma developed within one week after each of two . . .
Improved Protection from Primary Ocular HSV-1 Infection and Establishment of Latency Using Multigenic DNA Vaccines (2004)

The 5gP DNA vaccine appeared to be more effective than the corresponding protein subunit vaccine, regardless of adjuvant. Emulsification of the 5gP protein in ISA 720 appeared to be more effective than emulsification in Freund's adjuvant.
Cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in Ehrlich and Yoshida carcinomas. A new, membrane-permeant chelator of heavy metals reveals that these ascites tumor cell lines have normal cytosolic free Ca2+. (1985)

The intracellularly trappable fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2 was used to measure free cytosolic Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, in the two highly dedifferentiated tumor cell lines, Ehrlich and Yoshida ascites carcinomas. It was found that these carcinoma cells can trap quin-2 similarly to normal cells, but [Ca2+]i was apparently significantly lower than in any normal cell tested previously with this method. By using a new lipid-soluble heavy metal chelator TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine), which crosses artificial and natural membranes, it was found that endogenous heavy metals are responsible for partially quenching quin-2 fluorescence trapped inside the cells. Although the quenching of intracellular quin-2 fluorescence is quantitatively more relevant in these ascites carcinomas, TPEN was effective also in normal cells like lymphocytes and granulocytes. Both in the normal and especially in the malignant cell lines [Ca2+]i can be grossly underestimated at low intracellular quin-2 concentrations. Endogenous heavy metal quenching is thus a potential source of artifact when [Ca2+]i is measured with quin-2. When corrected for quin-2 fluorescence quenching by intracellular heavy metals, [Ca2+]i and basic regulatory mechanisms of [Ca2+]i homeostasis in Ehrlich and Yoshida carcinomas are similar to those of nontransformed cells.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON LACTAMS. LII. A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF α‐SUBSTITUTED β‐LACTAMS (1977)

Abstract Substituierte Essigsäuren (I) und Imine (II) können mit Hilfe von Saccharylchlorid (III) und Triäthylamin in guten Ausbeuten in β‐Lactame (2‐Azetidinone) (IV) übergeführt werden.
Intraperitoneal VEGF Inhibition Using Bevacizumab: A Potential Approach for the Symptomatic Treatment of Malignant Ascites? (2009)

Despite overall improvements in oncological care in the palliative setting, symptomatic malignant ascites remains a severe clinical problem. This form of effusion is known to be widely resistant to established modes of systemic therapy. Accordingly, frequent paracentesis often represents the only effective way for symptom relief in patients with advanced cancer. This invasive mode of therapy, however, is often very burdensome for the patient who is already severely distressed by the underlying malignancy. Recently, the trifunctional monoclonal antibody catumaxomab given i.p. has shown symptom relief in patients with ovarian cancer and malignant ascites. On another front, the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells has been identified as a main factor promoting the i.p. secretion of fluid. Accordingly, recent evidence suggests that targeting VEGF may have the potential to suspend the ascites production resulting from peritoneal metastasis. Here, we review preclinical and clinical data supporting this hypothesis. We show current evidence suggesting that the i.p. application of the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, which is already in use as an i.v. therapeutic drug for a variety of tumors, might represent an effective way to prevent local fluid accumulation. Because such an effect would result in significant relief for patients, future clinical studies should stringently assess the effectiveness of this targeted therapy for the treatment of malignant i.p. effusions.
The Fibrinolytic System in Neoplasia (1996)

During activation of the fibrinolytic system plasminogen is converted to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). t-PA is predominantly released from endothelial cells, u-PA primarily by renal parenchymal cells. The activation of plasminogen is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasmin is controlled by alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. The fibrinolytic system is not only involved in the intravascular dissolution of fibrin (thrombi), it also plays a vital role in normal physiologic reproduction, wound repair, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Fibrinolysis is also a vital component in the pathogenesis of neoplastic disease. It is essential in releasing cells from their primary site of origin, providing nutrition for neoplastic cell growth and promoting cell mobility and motility. In neoplastic cells the degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins is facilitated by excessive expression of u-PA, t-PA, and u-PAR. In many forms of carcinoma increased expression of u-PAR and u-PA is associated with significantly shorter survival. Greater expression of u-PA in breast cancer cells, for example, is associated with shorter survival and increased relapse rate. Progressively aggressive neoplastic cells evidence high expression of u-PA and u-PAR activities, variable expression of t-PA, and enhanced PAI-1 and PAI-2 activities. In acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, poor outcome correlates with high t-PA levels. In acute progranulocytic leukemia there is a high incidence of DIC. Neoplastic prostatic tissue also expresses high u-PA activity and the more aggressive the cell line, the greater the number of u-PAR and the higher the u-PA activity. In gynecologic malignancies, a greater expression of u-PA in combination with cathepsin D is associated with widespread disease and poor prognosis. High u-PA values were also seen in patients with brain, gastric, and hepatic malignancies. It is evident that the plasminogen-plasmin system is a vital component in the biology of neoplastic disease and that it is, in theses conditions, in no way beneficial to the host.
Imaging of the active B1 field in vivo (1996)

The authors describe a method for accurate in vivo multislice imaging of the active component of the B1 field which is based on a previously proposed method, which uses the signal intensity ratio of two images measured with different excitation angles, and a repetition time TR 5 > or = 5 T1. The new method essentially reduces repetition and scan time by means of an additional compensating pulse. The suppression of T1 effects by this pulse are verified with simulations and measurements. Further investigations concerned the influence of slice selective excitation and magnetization transfer in multislice imaging to the B1 field determination. The stability and accuracy of the presented method is shown by several phantom and in vivo measurements. With the described method the active B1 field can be determined in vivo in 23 cross-sections in less than 6 min.
[Studies on the pharmacokinetics of lidamycin in mice and dogs using bioassay]. (2004)

Active concentrations and pharmacokinetics of lidamycin were obtained by bioassay method successfully. There are species differences and single and multi-dosing differences in the pharmacokinetics of lidamycin.
One-Pot Synthesis of Arylboronic Acids and Aryl Trifluoroborates by Ir-Catalyzed Borylation of Arenes (2007)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of arylboronic acids and aryl trifluoroborates in a one-pot sequence by Ir-catalyzed borylation of arenes is reported. To prepare the arylboronic acids, the Ir-catalyzed borylation is followed by oxidative cleavage of the boronic ester with NaIO4. To prepare the aryltrifluoroborate, the Ir-catalyzed borylation is followed by displacement of pinacol by KHF2. These two-step sequences give products that are more reactive toward subsequent chemistry than the initially formed pinacol boronates.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS FOR THE TEACHING OF FOODS (1977)

The purpose of this project was to explore, develop, and evaluate personalized audio-visual materials for use with students in a beginning foods laboratory. A film and slide series were developed to be presented to a sample of six Consumer Foods Management Laboratory students. A test used to evaluate student acceptance of both the film and slide series revealed acceptance of both. Students evaluated the film as adequate but the slide series was more than adequate. Individual respondents showed little uniformity among their overall evaluation of both the film and slide series. This tended to reveal the most reliable evaluations, whereas uniformity may have revealed that respondents did evaluate each statement separately. A subjective test given to both control (conventional teaching methods used) and test group respondents following each laboratory experience revealed no significant differences using chi-square tests between either the conventional method or the personalized audiovisual in each case. Use of the sign test revealed that the conventional methods used were best, but the difference between the scores of the film group and conventional method group was believed not to be significant educationally.
Detailed Composition-Based Model for Predicting the Cetane Number of Diesel Fuels (2005)

We have developed a simple composition-based model for predicting the cetane number of diesel fuels with general applicability to any diesel fuel regardless of the refining process it originates from. The cetane number is correlated to a total of 129 different hydrocarbon lumps determined by a combination of supercritical fluid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectroscopic methods. A total of 203 diesel fuels are considered in this study derived from various diesel-range refinery process streams and their commercial blends. Across the multitude of such process streams and blends, the model predicts the cetane number with a standard error of 1.25 numbers, which is well within the experimental error of the measurement.
Flood Basalts and Hot-Spot Tracks: Plume Heads and Tails (1989)

Continental flood basalt eruptions have resulted in sudden and massive accumulations of basaltic lavas in excess of any contemporary volcanic processes. The largest flood basalt events mark the earliest volcanic activity of many major hot spots, which are thought to result from deep mantle plumes. The relative volumes of melt and eruption rates of flood basalts and hot spots as well as their temporal and spatial relations can be explained by a model of mantle plume initiation: Flood basalts represent plume "heads" and hot spots represent continuing magmatism associated with the remaining plume conduit or "tail." Continental rifting is not required, although it commonly follows flood basalt volcanism, and flood basalt provinces may occur as a natural consequence of the initiation of hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents.
Helix is a helix is a helix? (1997)

The experimental approach has been to perform “host–guest” experiments in which the effect of individually substituting each “guest” amino acid on the stability of a “host” protein or peptide is measured. As a result of such studies, a quantitative ranking of the propensity of each amino acid to adopt a α-helical or β-sheet conformation is obtained (3, 4). Of key importance is the selection of the host protein or peptide and the local environment of the guest site. If such measurements are to be meaningful the aim, in so far as it is experimentally feasible, is to isolate the guest site from interactions with neighboring residues. The goal is to measure only the free energy associated with the unfolded-to-helix transition. To date, several different hosts have been employed, initially block copolymers (5) and more recently short, designed peptides (6–9) and small natural proteins (10 …
L‐type amino‐acid transporter 1 as a novel biomarker for high‐grade malignancy in prostate cancer (2008)

To find reliable biomarkers for high-grade malignancy, the relationship between immunohistochemical L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression of biopsy samples, determined with the newly developed monoclonal antibody against human LAT1, and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer, was investigated. The intensity and score of immunohistochemical LAT1 expression of first biopsy samples were assessed using the modified Sinicrope et al. method and were found to be correlated with poor survival for the study group of 114 surgically treated patients as a whole (P = 0.0002 and 0.0270, respectively). LAT1 intensity further had a significant relationship (P = 0.0057) with prognosis in pathological T3 + T4 groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that the LAT1 intensity and score were more reliable prognostic markers, compared with the Gleason score and the Ki-67 labeling index. A relationship of the LAT1 intensity and score with prognosis could also be confirmed in 63 patients with inoperable cancer (P = 0.0070 and <0.0001, respectively). Similarly, significant differences in prognosis were confirmed in clinical T3 + T4 groups (P = 0.0091 and 0.0244, respectively). Moreover, the combination of LAT1 expression and Gleason score was found to have a more reliable correlation with prognosis. Thus, elevated LAT1 expression in prostate cancers is a novel independent biomarker of high-grade malignancy, which can be utilized together with the Gleason score, which is mainly dependent on cellular and structural atypia, to assess prognosis.