gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the Sulfonylurea Receptor Gene in Familial Persistent Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia of Infancy (1995)

Familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by unregulated insulin secretion, is linked to chromosome 11p14-15.1. The newly cloned high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) gene, a regulator of insulin secretion, was mapped to 11p15.1 by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization. Two separate SUR gene splice site mutations, which segregated with disease phenotype, were identified in affected individuals from nine different families. Both mutations resulted in aberrant processing of the RNA sequence and disruption of the putative second nucleotide binding domain of the SUR protein. Abnormal insulin secretion in PHHI appears to be caused by mutations in the SUR gene.
Kinetics of protective antibodies are determined by the viral surface antigen (2004)

Delayed and weak virus neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses represent a hallmark correlating not only with the establishment of persistent infection but also with unsuccessful vaccine development. Using a reverse genetic approach, we evaluated possible underlying mechanisms in 2 widely studied viral infection models. Swapping the glycoproteins (GPs) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV, naturally persisting, noncytolytic, inefficient nAb inducer) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, nonpersisting, cytolytic, potent nAb inducer) transferred the only target of nAb's from either virus to the other. We analyzed the nAb response to each of the 2 recombinant and parent viruses in infected mice and found that nAb kinetics were solely determined by the viral surface GP and not by the virus backbone. Moreover, the slowly and poorly nAb-triggering LCMV virion was a potent immunogenic matrix for the more antigenic VSV-GP. These findings indicate that the viral GP determines nAb kinetics largely independently of the specific viral infection context. They further suggest that structural features of viral GPs or coevolutionary adaptation of the virus's GP to the host's naive B cell repertoire, or both, may critically limit nAb kinetics and improvement of vaccine efficacy.
A robust micro-vibration sensor for biomimetic fingertips (2008)

Controlling grip force in a prosthetic or robotic hand requires detailed sensory feedback information about microslips between the artificial fingertips and the object. In the biological hand this is accomplished with neural transducers capable of measuring micro-vibrations in the skin due to sliding friction. For prosthetic tactile sensors, emulating these biological transducers is a difficult challenge due to the fragility associated with highly sensitive devices. Incorporating a pressure sensor into a fluid-filled fingertip provides a novel solution to this problem by effectively creating a device similar to a hydrophone, capable of recording vibrations from lateral movements. The fluid conducts these acoustic signals well and with little attenuation, permitting the pressure sensing elements to be located in a protected region inside the core of the sensor and removing them from harmpsilas way. Preliminary studies demonstrate that high frequency vibrations (50-400 Hz) can be readily detected when such a fingertip slides across a ridged surface.
The Impact of Solution Agglomeration on the Deposition of Self-Assembled Monolayers (2000)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMS) are commonly produced by immersing substrates in organic solutions containing trichlorosilane coupling agents. Unfortunately, such deposition solutions can also form alternate structures including inverse micelles and lamellar phases. The formation of alternate phases is one reason for the sensitivity of SAM depositions to factors such as the water content of the deposition solvent. If such phases are present, the performance of thin films used for applications such as minimization of friction and stiction in micromachines can be seriously compromised. Inverse micelle formation has been studied in detail for depositions involve 1H-, 1H-, 2H-, 2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) in isooctane. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments have been used to monitor the kinetics of hydrolysis and condensation reactions between water and FDTS. Light scattering experiments show that when hydrolyzed FDTS concentrations reach a critical concentration, there is a burst of nucleation to form high concentrations of spherical agglomerates. Atomic force microscopy results show that the agglomerates then deposit on substrate surfaces. Deposition conditions leading to monolayer formation involve using deposition times that are short relative to the induction time for agglomeration. After deposition, inverse micelles can be converted into lamellar or monolayer structures with appropriate heat treatments if surface concentrations are relatively low.
High DGK-α and Disabled MAPK Pathways Cause Dysfunction of Human Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells That Is Reversible by Pharmacologic Intervention (2012)

CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating T cells (CD8-TILs) are found in many types of tumors including human renal cell carcinoma. However, tumor rejection rarely occurs, suggesting limited functional activity in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we document that CD8-TILs are unresponsive to CD3 stimulation, showing neither lytic activity, nor lytic granule exocytosis, nor IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, no deficits in TCR proximal signaling molecules (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, phospholipase Cγ) were identified. In contrast, distal TCR signaling was suppressed, as T cells of TILs showed strongly reduced steady-state phosphorylation of the MAPK ERK and were unable to increase phosphorylation of ERK and JNK as well as AKT and AKT client proteins (IκB, GSK3) after stimulation. These deficits were tumor-specific as they were not observed in CD8(+) T cells infiltrating non-tumor kidney areas (CD8(+) non-tumor kidney-infiltrating lymphocytes; CD8-NILs). Diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGK-α) was more highly expressed in CD8-TILs compared with that in CD8-NILs, and its inhibition improved ERK phosphorylation and lytic granule exocytosis. Cultivation of TILs in low-dose IL-2 reduced DGK-α protein levels, increased steady-state phosphorylation of ERK, improved stimulation-induced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, and allowed more CD8-TILs to degranulate and to produce IFN-γ. Additionally, the protein level of the AKT client molecule p27kip, an inhibitory cell cycle protein, was reduced, whereas cyclin E, which promotes G1-S phase transition, was increased. These results indicate that the tumor-inflicted deficits of TILs are reversible. DGK-α inhibition and provision of IL-2 signals could be strategies to recruit the natural CD8(+) T cells to the anti-tumor response and may help prevent inactivation of adoptively transferred T cells thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
Formation evaluation by inspection with the borehole televiewer (1970)

Abstract The televiewer takes an oriented acoustic picture of the inside of the well bore in the form of a continuous well log. The resulting log is a representation of the well bore wall as if it were split vertically along magnetic north and laid out flat. Both induced and natural fractures are defined in remarkable detail. Well bores can be filled with any homogeneous liquid such as lease crude oil, water, or drilling mud.Resolution of the tool is sufficient to locate fractures 1/32 inch wide. Examples of natural fractures in extremely fractured formations, in shales, and also drilling-induced fractures are discussed. Fracture orientation information useful for local and regional tectonic studies is presented.
Expression in Escherichia coli of Sin a 1, the Major Allergen from Mustard (1996)

Sin a 1, the major yellow mustard allergen, is a seed storage protein that belongs to the 2S albumin family. It is composed of two disulfide‐bonded polypeptide chains. The cloning of this allergen has been carried out by means of the polymerase chain reaction using non‐degenerate oligonucleotides encoding the N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions of the mature protein as primers. Five genomic nucleotide sequences have been analyzed, encoding both mature polypeptide chains linked by the internal processed fragment. The sequence data show the existence of microheterogeneities at ten positions, demonstrating the polymorphism exhibited by the natural protein. One of the genomic clones was expressed in Escherichia coli by fusion to glutathione S ‐transferase from Schistosoma japonicum. The resulting chimeric protein was purified by affinity chromatography on a glutathione–Sepharose 4B matrix, and digested with thrombin to release the recombinant allergen. The recombinant Sin a 1 is recognized by rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antisera raised against natural Sin a 1, as well as by the IgE of mustard‐sensitive human sera. In addition, recombinant Sin a 1 possesses a high resistance to trypsin digestion, like the native mustard allergen.
SOME AMIDINES OF THE HOLOCAINE TYPE II. ESTER-SUBSTITUTED AMIDINES1 (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME AMIDINES OF THE HOLOCAINE TYPE II. ESTER-SUBSTITUTED AMIDINES1Arthur J. Hill and Mildred V. CoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 12, 3214–3219Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1926https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01691a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (330 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of TNP-470 administered weekly to patients with advanced cancer. (1999)

A Phase I study of angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 was conducted in patients with advanced cancer. TNP-470 (25-235 mg/m2) was administered i.v. over 4 h once a week to patients who had solid tumors refractory to the best available treatment or with a high risk of recurrence and who had normal renal, hepatic, and hematological function and no evidence of coagulopathy. The aims of the study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and the pharmacokinetics of TNP-470 given on a once-weekly schedule. Thirty-six patients, ages 23-75 (median, 54 years), with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 were treated. The number of patients at each dose level (mg/m2) were 6 (25), 3 (50), 3 (75), 3 (100), 3 (133), 12 (177), and 6 (235). The principal toxicities of TNP-470 were dizziness, lightheadedness, vertigo, ataxia, decrease in concentration and short-term memory, confusion, anxiety, and depression, which occurred at doses of 133, 177, and 235 mg/m2. Two patients treated at 235 mg/m2 experienced DLT in the form of grade III cerebellar neurotoxicity after 6 weeks of treatment. Overall, these neurological symptoms were dose-related, had an insidious onset, progressively worsened with treatment, and resolved completely within 2 weeks of stopping the drug. One patient with malignant melanoma had stabilization of the previously growing disease for 27 weeks while on the treatment. Two patients, one with adenocarcinoma of the colon and the other with a soft tissue sarcoma, had no clinically detectable disease but were at high risk for recurrence at the initiation of treatment and received 13 months and > 3 years of treatment, respectively, with no evidence of disease recurrence. The remaining patients had progression of their disease after 1-6 months of treatment. The mean plasma half-life (t(1/2)) of TNP-470 and its principal metabolite, AGM-1883, were extremely short (harmonic mean, t(1/2) of 2 and 6 min, respectively) with practically no drug detectable in the plasma by 60 min after the end of the infusion. MII, an inactive metabolite, had a considerably longer t(1/2) of approximately 2.6 h. Mean peak TNP-470 concentrations were > or = 400 ng/ml at doses > or = 177 mg/m2. On the basis of this study, the maximum tolerated dose of TNP-470 administered on a weekly schedule was 177 mg/m2 given i.v over 4 h. The principal DLT was neurotoxicity, which appeared to be dose-related and was completely reversible. On the basis of the short plasma t(1/2) of TNP-470, exploration of a prolonged i.v. infusion schedule is warranted.
Electrical and dielectric properties of segregated carbon black–polyethylene systems (1990)

Abstract The electrical and dielectric properties of compression‐molded segregated polyethylene‐carbon black mixtures are described in the frequency range between 10 and 8000 kHz as a function of frequency, temperature, and carbon black loading. The segregated systems investigated exhibit insulator‐conductor transitions in the range 0.25–0.65% (volume/volume) carbon black. The dielectric constant and the dissipation factor of the conductive samples are relatively very high in the frequency range studied. The dielectric constant increased sharply with the carbon black concentration, and then increased moderately beyond the insulator‐conductor transition. The dissipation factor‐concentration curves for different carbon blacks show maximum values in the vicinity of the critical concentration values. The dielectric properties of these systems are discussed in terms of interfacial Maxwell‐Wagner polarization effects.
Dental hygiene residential care in a 3‐year dental hygiene education programme in Japan: towards dysphagia management based on the dental hygiene process of care (2007)

This paper reports an evaluation of a residential care practice, which was part of a 'Dysphagia Management' course introduced into a 3-year dental hygiene curriculum in Japan. The clinical practice was performed at a care facility for the elderly people. Dental hygiene interventions, which consisted mainly of professional oral care, were implemented on a client who was bed-bound after suffering from a stroke. As the client had severe tension in muscles around oral cavity, it was difficult for the facility care workers to provide daily oral hygiene care. The goals of the dental hygiene care plan included decreasing tension of oral muscles and reducing periodontal inflammation and halitosis. The dental hygiene interventions were given once a month for 5 months. Evaluation in the fifth month demonstrated relaxation of oral muscles, decrease in plaque accumulation, and improvements in levels of gingival inflammation, indicating the partial achievements of the initial goals. Possibilities for revision of the care plan could call for more active involvement of the facility care workers and client-centered goal setting. This learning experience provided an opportunity for continuing intervention and evaluation of dental hygiene care for the same client. The positive results of our limited interventions further confirmed the importance of professional oral care in organic and functional improvements in oral health for the elderly people.
[The regulation of endometrial and trophoblastic metalloproteinases during blastocyst implantation]. (1994)

The trophoblastic cells of the blastocyst and of the placenta express an invasive phenotype. These cells produce and secrete metalloproteinases which are capable of digesting the extracellular matrix and invade it. The different endometrial cells produce the same enzymes and favour thus the implantation process. Among the numerous endometrial factors that control trophoblastic invasion, the components of the extracellular matrix such as laminin and fibronectin, play an important role. These glycoproteins, control the proteolytic activity of the invading cells by binding to their receptors (integrins) expressed on the cell membrane. When these receptors are distributed in a non polarised way they don't bind their ligands and the cells secrete proteases and invade the endometrium. Conversely, when the receptors are clustered, they bind to their ligands and the cell's invasive behaviour and protease secretion is inhibited. The endometrial extracellular matrix is thus a potent regulator of trophoblast invasion.
Intracellular traffic of the ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP3 to the apical plasma membrane of MDCK and Caco-2 cells: apical targeting occurs in the absence of N-glycosylation (2000)

Glycosylation was considered the major signal candidate for apical targeting of transmembrane proteins in polarized epithelial cells. However, direct demonstration of the role of glycosylation has proved difficult because non-glycosylated apical transmembrane proteins usually do not reach the cell surface. Here we were able to follow the targeting of the apical transmembrane glycoprotein NPP3 both when glycosylated and non-glycosylated. Transfected in polarized MDCK and Caco-2 cells, NPP3 was exclusively expressed at the apical membrane. The transport kinetics of the protein to the cell surface were studied after metabolic (35)S-labeling and surface immunoprecipitation. The newly synthesized protein was mainly targeted directly to the apical surface in MDCK cells, whereas 50% transited through the basolateral surface in Caco-2 cells. In both cell types, the basolaterally targeted pool was effectively transcytosed to the apical surface. In the presence of tunicamycin, NPP3 was not N-glycosylated. The non-glycosylated protein was partially retained intracellularly but the fraction that reached the cell surface was nevertheless predominantly targeted apically. However, transcytosis of the non-glycosylated protein was partially impaired in MDCK cells. These results provide direct evidence that glycosylation cannot be considered an apical targeting signal for NPP3, although glycosylation is necessary for correct trafficking of the protein to the cell surface.
Connecting the sequence dots: shedding light on the genesis of antibodies reported to be designed in silico (2019)

Two recent publications out of the same research laboratory report on structure-based in silico design of antibodies against viral targets without sequence disclosure. Cross-referencing the published data to patent databases, we established the sequence identity of said computationally designed antibodies. In both cases, the antibodies align with high sequence identity to previously reported antibodies of the same specificity. This clear underlying sequence relationship, which is far closer than the antibody templates reported to seed the computational design, suggests an alternative origin of the computationally designed antibodies. The lack of both reproducible computational algorithms and of output sequences in the initial publications obscures the relationship to previously reported antibodies, and sows doubt as to the genesis narrative described therein.
Toward a Sociology of Environmental Flows: A New Agenda for Twenty-First-Century Environmental Sociology (2006)

The emerging sociology of networks and flows, as it can be found in the works of Castells and Urry among others, offers promising perspectives for environmental sociology in rethinking its principle object of study: nature and environment. The sociology of flow perspective takes us beyond the nation-state, helps us to rethink global dynamics, puts an emphasis on the `material dimension¿ of the social and provides new insights into issues of equality and power in relation to environmental flows. Next to these positive points to be derived from the works of Castells and Urry, environmental sociologists will be also confronted with problems or dilemma¿s when working within a network and flow perspective. Noteworthy in this respect are Castells¿ relation between the space of flows and the space of place and Urry¿s emphasis of natural science dynamics at the expense of human agency. When these problems are dealt with in an adequate way, the sociology of networks and flows can help to formulate a new agenda for 21st century environmental sociology.
Phenol oxidation. Part III. Synthesis of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid cularine (1974)

(±)-Cularine has been synthesised via phenolic coupling of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-7-methoxy-2-methylisoquinolin-8-ol; the latter was prepared by a new variant of the Pomeranz–Fritsch synthesis which leads directly to isoquinolines in good yield, with introduction of the 1-benzyl substituent by the Reissert method. Syntheses of open-chain phenolic bis-(2-phenylethyl)amine derivatives related to cularine are also described; however, none of these could be oxidatively coupled to give cularine derivatives. Other routes to 7,8-dioxygenated isoquinolines were also inveestigated, but, although moderately successful, additions of 3,4-dialkoxybenzylmagnesium halides to 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines could not be effected owing to formation of dihydrostibenes from the benzyl halides. The synthesis of a 7,8-dialkoxy-3,4-dihydroquinolone from a bromoindanone is also described.
Asymmetric synthesis of amino acids using sulfinimines (thiooxime S-oxides) (1998)

The occurrence of α- and β-amino acids in biological systems and their exceptional utility as chiral building blocks underlies the importance of new and improved methods for their synthesis in enantiomerically pure form. The intent of this review is to highlight the applications of a new class of chiral imine building block, sulfinimines (thiooxime S-oxides), for the enantioselective synthesis of amino acids and their derivertives.
A 2:1 Molecular Complex of Theophylline and 5-Fluorouracil as the Monohydrate (1995)

Theophylline, 5-fluorouracil and water molecules are packed in parallel sheets in the crystal structure of the title compound, 3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione-5-fluoro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione-water (2/1/1), 2C 7 H 8 N 4 O 2 .C 4 H 3 FN 2 O 2 .H 2 O. The planar molecules are held together within the sheets by hydrogen bonds which include C-H...O interactions. Short linear N-CH 3 ...F and N-CH 3 ...O contacts are also found between molecules within the sheets.
Thermomagnetic residual offset in integrated hall plates (2003)

Integrated Hall plates show self-induced offset due to the current flow in their current leads. The magnetic field surrounding these current leads generates a magnetic offset signal, while their resistive heating causes thermoelectric offset voltages. This paper reports experimental results on these two effects. They are obtained using a novel test structure enabling to separate the two contributions. In addition, the experimental results concerning the thermal behavior of the test structure are compared with finite element (FE) simulations.