gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
''C: A Language for High-Level, Efficient, and Machine-independant Dynamic Code Generation (1995)

Dynamic code generation allows specialized code sequences to be crafted using runtime information. Since this information is by definition not available statically, the use of dynamic code generation can achieve performance inherently beyond that of static code generation. Previous attempts to support dynamic code generation have been low-leveled, expensive, or machine-dependent.
Light as a Growth Regulator: Controlling Plant Biology with Narrow-bandwidth Solid-state Lighting Systems (2008)

In the mission of plant husbandry, light is a critical yet passive entity. The potential to actively implement dynamic lighting strategies to control plant growth and development holds great promise in the future of plant cultivation. In other words, rather than simply using a single stable light condition to maintain photosynthesis, might it be possible to continually adjust fluence rate, wavelength combinations, and photoperiods to actively manipulate plant morphology and production? Research over the past 100 years suggests that it is so, and today's solid-state, narrow bandwidth lighting platforms offer a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis. The goal of this report is to describe the potential use of light as a growth regulator. Here light-emitting diode technology is well suited for the application, because light quantity, quality, photoperiod, and combinations thereof can be controlled with great precision. Specific light combinations may be adjusted throughout the life of a plant to potentially optimize traits of interest such as synchronization of flowering, maintenance of vegetative growth programs, control of plant stature, or acceleration of juvenility. This report describes the plant photosensory networks and how they sense and respond to light. The connection between light and internal hormone stasis is explored and then extended to questions of designing specific regimes to control plant growth and development. The concept of static signaling states is presented as a means to tightly control plant habits, in essence, using light to stabilize plant signal transduction pathways and their associated outcomes. Finally, the concepts presented are applied to the diploid strawberry Fragaria vesca to demonstrate the usefulness of the approach. These experiments provide proof-of-concept and lay a foundation for further studies.
Discovery and Preclinical Pharmacology of a Selective ATP-Competitive Akt Inhibitor (GDC-0068) for the Treatment of Human Tumors (2012)

The discovery and optimization of a series of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine compounds that are ATP-competitive, selective inhibitors of protein kinase B/Akt is reported. The initial design and optimization was guided by the use of X-ray structures of inhibitors in complex with Akt1 and the closely related protein kinase A. The resulting compounds demonstrate potent inhibition of all three Akt isoforms in biochemical assays and poor inhibition of other members of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase/protein kinase G/protein kinase C extended family and block the phosphorylation of multiple downstream targets of Akt in human cancer cell lines. Biological studies with one such compound, 28 (GDC-0068), demonstrate good oral exposure resulting in dose-dependent pharmacodynamic effects on downstream biomarkers and a robust antitumor response in xenograft models in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated. 28 is currently being evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
SET oncoprotein overexpression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a predictor of aggressive disease and a new treatment target (2011)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an incurable leukemia, is characterized by defective apoptosis. We found that the SET oncoprotein, a potent inhibitor of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) tumor suppressor, is overexpressed in primary CLL cells and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell line cells. In CLL, increased levels of SET correlated significantly with disease severity (shorter time to treatment and overall survival). We developed SET antagonist peptides that bound SET, increased cellular PP2A activity, decreased Mcl-1 expression, and displayed selective cytotoxicity for CLL and NHL cells in vitro. In addition, shRNA for SET was cytotoxic for NHL cells in vitro. The SET antagonist peptide COG449 inhibited growth of NHL tumor xenografts in mice. These data demonstrate that SET is a new treatment target in B-cell malignancies and that SET antagonists represent novel agents for treatment of CLL and NHL.
Fungal metabolites. Part 14. Novel potent immunosuppressants, mycestericins, produced by Mycelia sterilia. (1994)

Mycestericins A, B, C, D and E were isolated from the culture broth of Mycelia sterilia ATCC 20349 along with thermozymocidin (= myriocin). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. The acetate of mycestericin C was identical with the acetate of 6,7-dihydromyriocin. Mycestericins suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes in the mouse allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, with a potency similar to that of myriocin.
High-Speed "Immortal" Polymerization of Epoxides Initiated with Aluminum Porphyrin. Acceleration of Propagation and Chain-Transfer Reactions by a Lewis Acid (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Speed "Immortal" Polymerization of Epoxides Initiated with Aluminum Porphyrin. Acceleration of Propagation and Chain-Transfer Reactions by a Lewis AcidMasaki Akatsuka, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 10, 2820–2825Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00088a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00088a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views588Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence of human syndecan indicates a novel gene family of integral membrane proteoglycans. (1990)

The structure of human syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan, has been determined by cloning its full-length cDNA, which codes for the entire 310-amino acid-long core protein, including the NH2-terminal signal peptide. Similar to mouse syndecan (Saunders, S., Jalkanen, M., O'Farrell, S., and Bernfield, M. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 1547-1556), the core protein of human syndecan can be divided into three domains: a matrix-interacting ectodomain containing putative glycosaminoglycan attachment sites, a 25-residue hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain, and a 34-residue cytoplasmic domain. Several interesting conserved structures were revealed by comparing the human syndecan sequence to the murine one. (i) Although the ectodomains are only 70% identical, all putative glycosaminoglycan attachment sites are identical (two of them belong to the consensus sequence SGXG and three others to (E/D)GSG(E/D), as are also (ii) the single putative N-glycosylation site and (iii) the proteinase-sensitive dibasic RK site adjacent to the extracellular face of the transmembrane domain. Furthermore, (iv) the transmembrane domain is 96% identical, as the only change in human syndecan was an alteration of an alanine residue to glycine; and finally, (v) the cytoplasmic domain is 100% identical, including 3 identically located tyrosine residues. Comparison of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains to a third cell-surface proteoglycan, 48K5 from human lung fibroblasts (Marynen, P., Zhang, J., Cassiman, J., Vanden Berghe, H., and David, C. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7017-7024), indicates that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are similar also in this molecule regardless of the presence of a totally nonhomologous ectodomain. Thus, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are unique for these cell-surface proteoglycans, which we propose to be members of a novel gene family of syndecans.
Photoluminescence of Rare‐Earth‐Doped Ca‐α‐SiAlON Phosphors: Composition and Concentration Dependence (2005)

Rare‐earth‐doped Ca‐α‐SiAlON phosphors, with the compositions of (Ca 1−3/2 x RE x ) m /2 Si 12− m − n Al m+n O n N 16− n (RE=Ce, Sm, and Dy, 0.5≤ m =2 n ≤3.0), were prepared by sintering at 1700°C for 2 h under 10 atm N 2 . The concentration of rare earths varied from 3 to 30 at.% with respect to Ca. The photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated as functions of the composition of the host matrix (i.e., m ) and the concentration of rare earths (i.e., x ). The results show that the emission properties can be optimized by tailoring m and x . The Ce 3+ luminescence originating from the 4 f –5 d interconfigurational transitions is greatly affected by the environment surrounding the Ce 3+ ions, which differs from the Sm 3+ or Dy 3+ luminescence arising from the 4 f –4 f intraconfigurational transitions. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to explain the composition and concentration dependence of PL properties.
Effect of Volume Exclusion on the Dimensions of Polymer Chains (1966)

The effect of volume exclusion on the mean-square radius of gyration s2 is treated by use of the empirical expression W0(s)=const s6exp[−(7/2)〈s2〉0−1s2] for the statistical distribution of s for a system of linear chain molecules unperturbed by volume exclusion. Segment interactions within the perturbed molecule are treated in the smoothed-density approximation. The result is α5—α3=Azh(z/α3), where α2=〈s2〉/〈s2〉0, A is a numerical constant, z is the usual parameter proportional to the excluded volume for a segment pair and to the square root of the chain length, and h(ζ) is a function which decreases by almost one-half as ζ increases from 0 to ∞. Asymptotic dependence of α2 on the ⅕th power of the chain length is thus confirmed. Extremely long chains, exceeding 106 bonds, would be required however for realization of this limiting behavior.
The future of electronics manufacturing is revealed in the fine print (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Discovery and Characterization of a Photo-Oxidative Histidine-Histidine Cross-Link in IgG1 Antibody Utilizing 18O-Labeling and Mass Spectrometry (2014)

A novel photo-oxidative cross-linking between two histidines (His-His) has been discovered and characterized in an IgG1 antibody via the workflow of XChem-Finder, (18)O labeling and mass spectrometry (Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 5900-5908). Its structure was elucidated by peptide mapping with multiple proteases with various specificities (e.g., trypsin, Asp-N, and GluC combined with trypsin or Asp-N) and mass spectrometry with complementary fragmentation modes (e.g., collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)). Our data indicated that cross-linking occurred across two identical conserved histidine residues on two separate heavy chains in the hinge region, which is highly flexible and solvent accessible. On the basis of model studies with short peptides, it has been proposed that singlet oxygen reacts with the histidyl imidazole ring to form an endoperoxide and then converted to the 2-oxo-histidine (2-oxo-His) and His+32 intermediates, the latter is subject to a nucleophilic attack by the unmodified histidine; and finally, elimination of a water molecule leads to the final adduct with a net mass increase of 14 Da. Our findings are consistent with this mechanism. Successful discovery of cross-linked His-His again demonstrates the broad applicability and utility of our XChem-Finder approach in the discovery and elucidation of protein cross-linking, particularly without a priori knowledge of the chemical nature and site of cross-linking.
Dezinamide for partial seizures (1994)

DZM showed minimal clinical toxicity and significant efficacy despite lower plasma concentrations than predicted by pharmacokinetics. This trial establishes the suitability of the n-of-1 design to investigational antiepileptic drug trials.
Autoadjusting CPAP Therapy Based on Impedance Efficacy, Compliance and Acceptance (2001)

Constant continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). To enable the pressure to be matched more accurately to actual requirements, and thus increase patient acceptance, an autoadjusting device based on the measurement of upper airway impedance was developed (APAP(FOT)). We investigated the efficacy and compliance in continuous use at home. Fifty-two patients were treated (randomized crossover) with CPAP and APAP(FOT) for 6 wk each. Respiratory disturbances, sleep profile, and arousals improved significantly with both modes (AHI: baseline, 35.1 +/- 26/h; APAP(FOT), 5.0 +/- 5.2; CPAP, 4.3 +/- 6.3; p < 0.001 baseline versus each mode). The mean pressure with APAP(FOT) was significantly reduced as compared with CPAP (CPAP, 7.8 +/- 1.5 cm H2O; APAP(FOT), 5.7 +/- 1.8 cm H2O; p < 0.001). Under APAP(FOT) the pressure was lower than that under CPAP for 81.5 +/- 21% of the time. Although overall use did not differ, 75% of the patients preferred APAP(FOT) for home treatment. We conclude that APAP(FOT) is as efficacious as constant CPAP in the treatment of OSAS. The treatment pressure can be reduced significantly, and sleep microstructure improved with APAP(FOT). These might be the reasons for patient preference of automatic therapy.
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (2008)

Gastroenterology Nursing: September 2008 - Volume 31 - Issue 5 - p 369-370 doi: 10.1097/01.SGA.0000338282.93777.88
N-Myristoyl transferase-mediated protein labelling in vivo (2008)

N-Myristoyl transferase-mediated labelling using a substrate modified with an azide or alkyne tag is described as an efficient and site-selective method for the introduction of a bioorthogonal tag at the N-terminus of a recombinant protein. The procedure may be performed in vitro, or in a single over-expression/tagging step in vivo in bacteria; tagged proteins may then be captured using Staudinger-Bertozzi or 'click' chemistry protocols to introduce a secondary label for downstream analysis. The straightforward synthesis of the chemical and molecular biological tools described should enable their use in a wide range of N-terminal labelling applications.
Lymphomagenicity of recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses. (1980)

Recombinant mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemic viruses, as well as ecotropic and xenotropic viruses, were tested for ability to accelerate or cause development of lymphoma in AKR and other strains of mice. Of the three classes of virus isolated from AKR, only the MCF viruses were able to accelerate development of AKR lymphoma. This fully supports the idea that the MCF viruses are the proximal cause of spontaneous AKR lymphoma. MCF lymphomagenicity was strain specific, however, in that AKR MCF viruses did not induce lymphomas in many murine strains; they were moderately lymphomagenic in C3H/Bi mice and in National Institutes of Health Swiss partially congenic for Akv-1 or Akv-2. In contrast, MCF viruses from nonthymic hematopoietic neoplasms of C3H/Fg, BALB/c, or mice partially congenic for ecotropic virus loci (Akv-1, Akv-2, Fgv-1, C58v-1, and C58v-2) were not able to accelerate or cause lymphomia in AKR or any other mouse strain tested, including some of the strains of origin. MCF lymphomagenicity correlated with thymic origin in the virus and with ability to replicate in the thymus.
Validation of the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score (2004)

Results support the use of this observational pain scoring tool in the triage of children in A&E.
An Efficient Catalyst System for Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Halides with Pinacolborane (2006)

The combination of Pd(dba)2 and bis(2-di-tert-butyl­phosphinophenyl)ether has proven to be efficient for the cross-­coupling of pinacolborane with aryl bromides and chlorides. The substrate scope is broad and the present system enables the synthesis of ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted electron-rich and -deficient arylboronates.
DNA Transposons for Modification of Human Primary T Lymphocytes (2009)

Genetic modification of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL) or hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has been shown to be promising in the treatment of cancer (Nat Rev Cancer 3:35-45, 2003), transplant complications (Curr Opin Hematol 5:478-482, 1998), viral infections (Science 285:546-551, 1999), and immunodeficiencies (Nat Rev Immunol 2:615-621, 2002). There are also significant implications for the study of T cell biology (J Exp Med 191:2031-2037, 2000). Currently, there are three types of vectors that are commonly used for introducing genes into human primary T cells: oncoretroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, and naked DNA. Oncoretroviral vectors transduce and integrate only in dividing cells. However, it has been shown that extended ex vivo culture, required by oncoretroviral-mediated gene transfer, may alter the biologic properties of T cells (Nat Med 4:775-780, 1998; Int Immunol 9:1073- 1083, 1997; Hum Gene Ther 11:1151-1164, 2001; Blood 15:1165-1173, 2002; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1994). HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors have been shown to transduce a variety of slowly dividing or nondividing cells, including unstimulated T lymphocytes (Blood 96:1309-1316, 2000; Gene Ther 7:596-604, 2000; Blood 101:2167-2174, 2002; Hum Gene Ther 14:1089-1105, 2003). However, achieving effective gene transfer and expression using lentivirus vectors can be complex, and there is at least a perceived risk associated with clinical application of a vector based on a human pathogen (i.e., HIV-1). Recently it has been found that oncoretroviral and lentiviral vectors show a preference for integration into regulatory sequences and active genes, respectively (Cell 110:521-529, 2002; Science 300:1749-1751, 2003). Additionally, insertional mutagenesis has become a serious concern, after several patients treated with an oncoretroviral vector for X-linked SCID developed a leukemia-like syndrome associated with activation of the LMO2 oncogene (Science 302:415-419, 2003). Naked DNA-based genetic engineering of human T lymphocytes also requires T cells to be activated prior to gene transfer (Mol Ther 1:49-55, 2000; Blood 101:1637-1644, 2003; Blood 107:2643-2652, 2006). In addition, random integration by electroporation is of low efficiency. We have recently reported that the Sleeping Beauty transposon system can efficiently mediate stable transgene expression in human primary T cells without prior T cell activation (Blood 107:483-491, 2006). This chapter describes methodology for the introduction of SB transposons into human T cell cultures with subsequent integration and stable long-term expression at noticeably high efficiency for a nonviral gene transfer system.
Impact of culture and cryopreservation on MHC class II antigen expression in canine and porcine islets. (1990)

Canine and porcine islets were either cultured for 10 days at 37 degrees C or cryopreserved. The effect of these treatments on MHC class II antigen expression was examined by indirect immunofluorescence test using the class II monoclonal antibody 2MC3. Within untreated canine islets exclusively round shaped cells as leukocytes and monocyte/macrophage like cells with dendritic branches were positive with 2MC3. Porcine islets additionally exhibited strong immunofluorescence of the vascular endothelium. Tissue culture significantly reduced the class II antigen expression in both species. The majority of the untreated canine islets had between 5 and 19 2MC3 positive cells. Cell culture reduced the number of class II positive cells to a maximum of 3 and even 84.9% of the islets were completely negative for class II antigens. Porcine islets showed a total class II antigen loss of the vascular endothelium, whereas leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages remained class II antigen positive. Cryopreservation did not have clear-cut effects on the MHC expression in both species.
Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane (1987)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) occurs in multiple molecular forms differing in their quaternary structure and mode of anchoring to the surface membrane. Attachment is achieved by post-translational modification of the catalytic subunits. Two such mechanisms are described. One involves attachment to catalytic subunit tetramers, via disulfide bridges, of a collagen-like fibrous tail. This, in turn, interacts, primarily via ionic forces, with a heparin-like proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix. A second such modification involve the covalent attachment of a single phosphatidylinositol molecule at the carboxyl-terminus of each catalytic subunit polypeptide; the diacylglycerol moiety of the phospholipid serves to anchor the modified enzyme hydrophobically to the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. The detailed molecular structure of these two classes of acetylcholinesterase are discussed, as well as their biosynthesis and mode of anchoring.
Studies on plant growth‐regulating substances: XXI. The release of pectic substances from wheat coleoptile tissue incubated with solutions of ethylenediamin etetraacetic acid (1966)

SUMMARY The effect on excised wheat coleoptiles of solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, at concentrations which produce a significant growth response in segments of this tissue, was investigated. The removal not only of calcium ions, but also of pectin, from coleoptiles by these solutions of the chelator was demonstrated and the implications of these findings are discussed. An increase in the plasticity of the cell walls is considered to arise from the removal of both of these constituents, and the small extension of the coleoptile segments to be a direct consequence of these changes. The concentration of EDTA required to give either the growth‐regulating response or to cause the loss of pectin and calcium was shown to approach that which also caused visible signs of toxicity, and this was taken as further support for the ‘subacute toxicity’ theory put forward earlier by Fawcett, Wain &amp; Wightman.