gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of mouse fibrinogen-like protein with murine hepatitis virus-induced prothrombinase activity (1995)

Previously, we demonstrated induction of a unique macrophage prothrombinase during infection of BALB/cJ mice by mouse hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3). By immunologic screening, a clone representing this prothrombinase was isolated from a cDNA library and sequenced. The sequence identified this clone as representing part of a gene, musfiblp, that encodes a fibrinogen-like protein. Six additional clones were isolated, and one clone, p11-3-1, encompassed the entire coding region of musfiblp. Murine macrophages did not constitutively express musfiblp but, when infected with MHV-3, synthesized musfiblp-specific mRNA. musfiblp mRNA induction was earlier and significantly greater in BALB/cJ than A/J macrophages. Prothrombinase activity was demonstrated when musfiblp was expressed from p11-3-1 in RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that musfiblp encodes the MHV-induced prothrombinase.
Mechanism of interferon-gamma action. Characterization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in cultured human cells induced by interferon-gamma and evaluation of the enzyme-mediated tryptophan degradation in its anticellular activity. (1988)

Induction by interferon-gamma of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (a tryptophan degradation enzyme) was examined with 11 human cell lines. The enzyme induction was demonstrated in 7 of the 11 cell lines. The induced enzyme in each of the 7 cell lines was identical to the enzyme purified from human placenta, as evidenced by immunoblot analysis with a monoclonal antibody specific to the placental one. The extent of the induction varied largely with the cell line; a relatively high induction was observed with HEL (lung fibroblasts), NY (osteosarcoma), and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma). The enzyme induction was dependent on the concentration of interferon-gamma and occurred 12-18 h after addition of interferon-gamma to the cultures. Interferon-alpha or -beta was completely ineffective in this induction. Interferon-gamma inhibited the growth of the 7 cell lines observed with the enzyme induction, and this growth inhibition was accompanied with a complete deletion of tryptophan (less than 1 microM) in the culture medium by the induction of the enzyme. For two of these cell lines, the inhibition was partially reversed by an addition of exogenous tryptophan to the medium not to be depleted. These findings indicated that the growth inhibition by interferon-gamma was in part explained by the tryptophan depletion in the medium caused by the enzyme induction.
Direct Virus Inactivation of Tachyplesin I and Its Isopeptides from Horseshoe Crab Hemocytes (1991)

Direct virus inactivation of tachyplesin I and related isopeptides, which are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus), was examined against several viruses. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was inactivated by incubation with tachyplesin I and its isopeptides. Influenza A (H1N1) virus was slightly inactivated by tachyplesin I, whereas herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, adenovirus 1, reovirus 2 and poliovirus 1 were resistant to inactivation. The inactivation of VSV by tachyplesin I depended on the concentration, the time and the temperature of incubation. Pretreatment of tachyplesin I with trypsin or lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria entirely abolished the antiviral activity. Electron microscopy of VSV treated with tachyplesin I showed naked and damaged virions. These data suggest that tachyplesin I directly inactivates the VSV by destroying its envelope subunits.
Performance measurements for multithreaded programs (1998)

Multithreaded programming is an effective way to exploit concurrency, but it is difficult to debug and tune a highly threaded program. This paper describes a performance tool called Tmon for monitoring, analyzing and tuning the performance of multithreaded programs. The performance tool has two novel features: it uses "thread waiting time" as a measure and constructs thread waiting graphs to show thread dependencies and thus performance bottlenecks, and it identifies "semi-busy-waiting" points where CPU cycles are wasted in condition checking and context switching. We have implemented the Tmon tool and, as a case study, we have used it to measure and tune a heavily threaded file system. We used four workloads to tune different aspects of the file system. We were able to improve the file system bandwidth and throughput significantly. In one case, we were able to improve the bandwidth by two orders of magnitude.
Probiotics in man and animals (1989)

There is good evidence that the complex microbial flora present in the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals is effective in providing resistance to disease. However, the composition of this protective flora can be altered by dietary and environmental influences, making the host animal susceptible to disease and/or reducing its efficiency of food utilization. What we are doing with the probiotic treatments is re-establishing the natural condition which exists in the wild animal but which has been disrupted by modern trends in conditions used for rearing young animals, including human babies, and in modern approaches to nutrition and disease therapy. These are all areas where the gut flora can be altered for the worse and where, by the administration of probiotics, the natural balance of the gut microflora can be restored and the animal returned to its normal nutrition, growth and health status.
BOOSTING PERFORMANCE IN NEURAL NETWORKS (1993)

A boosting algorithm, based on the probably approximately correct (PAC) learning model is used to construct an ensemble of neural networks that significantly improves performance (compared to a single network) in optical character recognition (OCR) problems. The effect of boosting is reported on four handwritten image databases consisting of 12000 digits from segmented ZIP Codes from the United States Postal Service and the following from the National Institute of Standards and Technology: 220000 digits, 45000 upper case letters, and 45000 lower case letters. We use two performance measures: the raw error rate (no rejects) and the reject rate required to achieve a 1% error rate on the patterns not rejected. Boosting improved performance significantly, and, in some cases, dramatically.
The Serine Protease TMPRSS6 Is Required to Sense Iron Deficiency (2008)

Hepcidin, a liver-derived protein that restricts enteric iron absorption, is the key regulator of body iron content. Several proteins induce expression of the hepcidin-encoding gene Hamp in response to infection or high levels of iron. However, mechanism(s) of Hamp suppression during iron depletion are poorly understood. We describe mask: a recessive, chemically induced mutant mouse phenotype, characterized by progressive loss of body (but not facial) hair and microcytic anemia. The mask phenotype results from reduced absorption of dietary iron caused by high levels of hepcidin and is due to a splicing defect in the transmembrane serine protease 6 gene Tmprss6. Overexpression of normal TMPRSS6 protein suppresses activation of the Hamp promoter, and the TMPRSS6 cytoplasmic domain mediates Hamp suppression via proximal promoter element(s). TMPRSS6 is an essential component of a pathway that detects iron deficiency and blocks Hamp transcription, permitting enhanced dietary iron absorption.
Investigation of diode-pumped 28-μm Er:LiYF_4 lasers with various doping levels (1996)

We report on efficient lasers emission of Er:LiYF(4) at 2.8 microm. The crystals were pumped by InGaAs semiconductor laser emitting near 970 nm. The laser performance was investigated for different doping levels and yielded an optimum doping level of ~15%. At this Er(3+) concentration we achieved a slope efficiency of 35%, which is identical to the quantum defect. Pumping at high power levels permits a true cw output power of 1.1 W at 2.8 microm, which is of interest for several applications based on the strong water absorption in this wavelength range.
[Hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal insufficiency. Physiopathology, clinicoradiological aspects and treatment]. (1994)

Stimulation of PTH secretion and synthesis in chronic renal failure involves direct and indirect factors. The indirect ones are those contributing to a decrease of plasma ionized calcium concentration which stimulates the release of PTH (1) primarily the negative calcium balance due to the iatrogenic reduction of dietary calcium intake associated with an inadequate synthesis of calcitriol, this latter being explained by a reduction in the nephronic mass, the phosphate retention, the acidosis and the retention of uremic toxins (2) more accessorily, the physicochemical dysequilibrium induced by the late occurring hyperphosphatemia. The factors acting directly on the parathyroid gland stimulating synthesis of prepro PTH at its transcription level: not only hypocalcitriolemia but also hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The clinicoradiological manifestations appear late, mostly only after the patient has been put on dialysis. The most precocious sign is the subperiosteal resorption assessed on the hand X-rays. Therefore diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism relies mainly on the measurement of plasma concentration of intact PTH. In dialysis patients the optimal range corresponding to the best bone histology is between 1 an 3 times the upper limit of normal. No such data exist for predialysis patients. Medical treatment of hyperparathyroidism should primarily be preventive, probably in predialysis lipin patient as soon as plasma intact PTH is greater than the normal upper limit. This treatment is based primarily on the prevention of phosphate retention, of negative calcium balance and acidosis by the use of oral alkaline salts of calcium given with the meals in association with appropriate dietary protein and phosphate restriction. Native vitamin D depletion should also be prevented but use of 1 alpha OH vitamin D3 metabolites in controversial: it is reasonable to administer them only when plasma intent PTH is above 3-7 the normal upper limit and when plasma phosphate is below 1.2 in predialysis patients below 1.5 mmol/l in dialysis patients and plasma calcium remains below 2.3 mmol/l in spite of CaCO3 administration. This situation is encountered in less than 50% of the dialysis patients and rarely in predialysis patients. In dialysis patients the calcium concentration in the dialysate should be chosen in relation to the dose of oral calcium and the use of 1 alpha OH vitamin D3. The superiority of the intermittent (oral or intravenous) over the daily oral administration is not yet clinically proven. The surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated when hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia occur under medical treatment, whereas the intact PTH levels remain very high (> 500 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sila-venlafaxine, a Sila-Analogue of the Serotonin/Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor Venlafaxine:  Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analysis, and Pharmacological Characterization (2006)

The serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor rac-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol (rac-venlafaxine, rac-1a) is in clinical use as an antidepressant. The silicon analogue, rac-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1-silacyclohexan-1-ol (rac-sila-venlafaxine, rac-1b), was synthesized in multistep syntheses, starting from tetrachlorosilane or tetramethoxysilane. The corresponding 1-silacyclopentan-1-ol derivative rac-2 was prepared analogously. The sila-venlafaxine enantiomers (R)-1b and (S)-1b were obtained by resolution of rac-1b, using (+)- or (−)-10-camphorsulfonic acid as the resolving agent. Compounds rac-1b, (R)-1b, (S)-1b, rac-1b·HCl, (R)-1b·HCl, (S)-1b·HCl, (R)-1b·HBr, rac-2, and rac-2·HCl were characterized by multinuclear NMR studies and elemental analyses, and rac-1b·HCl, (R)-1b·HBr, and rac-2 were additionally characterized by crystal structure analyses. Compounds rac-1a, rac-1b, rac-2, (R)-1a, (S)-1a, (R)-1b, and (S)-1b were tested as their hydrochlorides for their efficacy in serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine reuptake inhibition assays. Sila-substitution (C/Si switch) of compounds rac-1a, (R)-1a, and (S)-1a (→ rac-1b, (R)-1b, (S)-1b) was found to dramatically influence their pharmacological selectivity profiles with respect to serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine reuptake inhibition. (R)-Sila-venlafaxine ((R)-1b) was identified to have a refined selectivity profile consistent with selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibition. Compounds with this profile may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of various nervous system disorders.
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II regulates notch‐1 signaling in prostate cancer cells (2008)

Notch signaling is associated with prostate osteoblastic bone metastases and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is associated with osteoblastogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Here we show that prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B and PC3, both derived from bone metastases and express Notch-1, have all four isoforms of CaMKII (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). In contrast, prostate cancer cell lines LNcaP and DU145, which are not derived from bone metastases and lack the Notch-1 receptor, both lack the alpha isoform of CaMKII. In addition, DU145 cells also lack the beta-isoform. In C4-2B cells, inhibition of CaMKII by KN93 or gamma-secretase by L-685,458 inhibited the formation of the cleaved form of Notch-1 thus inhibiting Notch signaling. KN93 inhibited down stream Notch-1 signaling including Hes-1 gene expression, Hes-1 promoter activity, and c-Myc expression. In addition, both KN93 and L-685,458 inhibited proliferation and Matrigel invasion by C4-2B cells. The activity of gamma-secretase was unaffected by KN93 but markedly inhibited by L-685,458. Inhibition of the expression of alpha, beta, or gamma-isoform by siRNA did not affect Hes-1 gene expression, however when expression of one isoform was inhibited by siRNA, there were compensatory changes in the expression of the other isoforms. Over-expression of CaMKII-alpha increased Hes-1 expression, consistent with Notch-1 signaling being at least partially dependent upon CaMKII. This unique crosstalk between CaMKII and Notch-1 pathways provides new insight into Notch signaling and potentially provides new targets for pharmacotherapeutics.
Defects in G Protein-Coupled Signal Transduction in Human Disease (1996)

G proteins couple receptors for many hormones and neurotransmitters to effectors that regulate second messenger metabolism. G protein-coupled receptors comprise a superfamily with the common structural feature of a single polypeptide with seven membrane-spanning domains. G proteins themselves are heterotrimers with an alpha subunit that binds guanine nucleotides. In the basal state, G proteins tightly bind GDP; receptor activation allows exchange of bound GDP for GTP that activates the G protein and causes it to modulate effector activity. An intrinsic GTPase activity hydrolyzes bound GTP to GDP thereby deactivating the G protein. The effects (cholera, whooping cough) of bacterial toxins that target G proteins for covalent modification signal the potential importance of G protein dysfunction as a cause of human disease. Conceptually, G protein dysfunction could involve gain or loss of function. For Gs, examples of both types have already been defined. Mutations in G protein-coupled receptors have also been identified in several human diseases. Germline loss of function mutations in rhodopsin, cone opsins, the V2 vasopressin receptor, ACTH receptor, and calcium-sensing receptor are responsible for retinitis pigmentosa, color blindness, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, familial ACTH resistance, and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, respectively. Missense mutations that cause constitutive receptor activation have been identified in the TSH and LH receptors.
Targeting Prion Amyloid Deposits In Vivo (2004)

The diagnosis of prion diseases in humans is challenging due to a lack of specific and sensitive non-invasive tests. Many forms of human prion disease including variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, and 10% of sporadic CJD cases are associated with amyloid deposition. Several positron emission tomography (PET) ligands have recently been developed to directly image beta-amyloid associated with Alzheimer disease. One of them, methoxy-X04, is a fluorescent derivative of Congo red with high binding affinity toward amyloid fibrils and good blood-brain barrier permeability. Using methoxy-X04, we investigated whether amyloid-targeting ligands can be also employed for direct imaging of amyloid deposits associated with some prion diseases. Such a method could potentially become a novel diagnostic approach for these conditions. Studies were performed on MB mice infected with the 87V mouse-adapted scrapie strain. Labeling of PrP amyloid plaques in brains of presymptomatic and symptomatic mice was demonstrated using in vivo transcranial two-photon microscopy after systemic administration of methoxy-X04. During real-time imaging, PrP amyloid deposits could be clearly distinguished 15 min after intravenous administration of methoxy-X04. The ligand showed rapid clearance from brain areas that did not contain amyloid deposits. PrP amyloid deposits could also be detected by direct application of methoxy-X04 on cerebellar sections from GSS patients. These results suggest that methoxy-X04 or similar derivatives could be used as PET imaging agents to improve the diagnosis of human prion diseases associated with amyloid deposition.
Fibre Raman amplifier for 1520 nm band WDM transmission (1998)

A fibre Raman amplifier for 1520 nm band WDM transmission is constructed; its gain exceeds 20 dB and its noise figure is ~5 dB. Using the amplifier, the performance of an optically preamplified receiver and the effect of four-wave mixing suppression in dispersion-shifted fibre transmission are examined.
Approaches to Immunization of Infants and Young Children Against Gastroenteritis Due to Rotaviruses (1980)

Recent studies have shown that in developed countries rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis that requires hospitalization of infants and young children. Although deaths from gastroenteritis are, in general, infrequent in the developed countries, an effective rotavirus vaccine would clearly be of benefit to reduce the heavy toll of morbidity from gastroenteritis due to rotavirus. In the developing countries the impact of diarrheal diseases is staggering. It was recently estimated that in Asia, Africa, and Latin-America during a one-year period there would be 3.5 billion cases of diarrhea and 5-10 million deaths associated with diarrhea; in addition, diarrhea was ranked first in freqency in the categories of disease and mortality. In the developing countries rotaviruses are known to cause diarrhea, but their relative role in this high mortality rate is not yet known. epidemiologic data indicate that development of an effective rotavirus vaccine would reduce morbidity, and they suggest that a vaccine would also reduce a portion of the mortality from diarrheal disease. The prospects and approaches for the development of an effective rotavirus vaccine are presented. The recent successful propagation of rotavirus type 2 in cell culture represents an important step in this regard. In addition, the antigenic relation between human and animal strains offers another possible approach. The need for a live attenuated vaccine is indicated by the prime role played by local intestinal immunity in resistance to rotavirus disease.
A New Route to Diverse 1-Azasugars fromN-Boc-5-hydroxy-3-piperidene as a Common Building Block (2005)

A new general method for the synthesis of a variety of 1-azasugars with a nitrogen atom at the anomeric position is described. The readily available chiral N-Boc-5-hydroxy-3-piperidene 3 is transformed to isofagomine (2), homoisofagomine (13), and 5'-deoxyisofagomine (14) via stereoselective epoxidation and regioselective ring-cleavage in a highly stereocontrolled manner. In addition, the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 3,4,5-trihydroxypiperidines (18-21) classified as 1-azasugar-type glycosidase inhibitors was stereoselectively achieved from the (chiral) piperidene 3.
Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves: another new class of microporous crystalline inorganic solids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves: another new class of microporous crystalline inorganic solidsBrent M. Lok, Celeste A. Messina, R. Lyle Patton, Richard T. Gajek, Thomas R. Cannan, and Edith M. FlanigenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 20, 6092–6093Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00332a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00332a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5638Altmetric-Citations858LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: H2S‐donating sildenafil (ACS6) inhibits superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in arterial endothelial cells: role of protein kinases A and G (2008)

H(2)S inhibited O(2)(*-) formation and upregulation of NADPH oxidase in PAECs through the adenylyl cyclase-PKA pathway. ACS6 may be effective in treating ARDS through both elevation of cAMP and inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 activity.
Retinoic acid accelerates downregulation of the Xist repressor, Oct4, and increases the likelihood of Xist activation when Tsix is deficient (2010)

We conclude that RA treatment leads to premature downregulation of Oct4 and partial derepression of Xist irrespective of X-chromosome counting. RA-induced Xist clusters in male cells do not result in global or stable silencing, and excess cell death is not observed. These data and RA's known pleiotropic effects on ES transcription networks suggest that RA differentation bypasses normal X-inactivation controls and should be used judiciously. We propose that the likelihood of Xist expression is determined by a balance of multiple Xist activators and repressors, and that levels of Oct4 and Tsix are crucial toward achieving this balance.