gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital beamforming in wireless communications (1996)

From the Publisher:
Explosive growth of wireless communications is demanding increased system capacity for mobile communications satellites - and the expert authors of this first-of-a-kind book explore a promising, cost-effective solution: digital beamforming (DBF) technology.

In definitive detail, the authors explain why increasing the bandwidth of existing channels or allocating new frequency bands may not be feasible and why frequency reuse is becoming the most practical means for increasing system capacity. First they review the principles of DBF technology. Then they discuss beamforming techniques and results, state-of-the-art supportive technologies, and promising applications for wireless communications - complete with 165 figures, 300 equations, plus techniques and findings of researchers in related fields. 

This book is an excellent tutorial or reference for understanding, designing, developing, and applying DBF systems in wireless communications. Communications engineers, technicians, managers, researchers, and graduate students alike will find solutions to four key problems:

 Improving a wireless communications system's immunity to multipath fading
 Reducing co-channel interference in a wireless communications system
 Increasing system capacity of a wireless communications system
 Achieving greater antenna array calibration accuracy
Optical Properties of GaN Light Emitting Diodes (1976)

Gallium nitride light emitting diodes (LED's) fabricated on {102} oriented sapphire substrates are found to emit only green light independent of Zn concentration during the i‐layer growth of i‐n structures, while LED's on {0001} substrates are found to be able to emit blue to yellow light by controlling the Zn concentration. In investigating the temperature dependence of electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra, it was found that the spectra consist of two components: blue emission and yellow or green emission. The relative intensity of the blue emission increased with the decrease in temperature. On the other hand, the yellow and green emissions were found to increase in their relative intensities when the temperature was raised to room temperature. These results imply that two kinds of acceptors are formed by doping with Zn into a crystal. The acceptor contributing to the blue emission is located at 0.4 eV above the valence band. The other acceptor responsible for the yellow and green emissions is an impurity band situated at a position higher than 0.8 eV above the valence band.
Structural Modification of Serum Vitamin D 3 -Binding Protein and Immunosuppression in AIDS Patients (1995)

A serum glycoprotein, vitamin D3-binding protein (Gc protein), can be converted by beta-galactosidase of stimulated B lymphocytes and sialidase of T lymphocytes to a potent macrophage-activating factor (MAF), a protein with N-acetylgalactosamine as the remaining sugar moiety. Thus, Gc protein is a precursor for MAF. Treatment of purified Gc protein with immobilized beta-galactosidase and sialidase generates an extremely high-titered MAF (GcMAF). When peripheral blood monocytes/macrophages of 46 HIV-infected patients were treated with GcMAF (100 pg/ml), the monocytes/macrophages of all patients were efficiently activated. However, the MAF precursor activity of plasma Gc protein was low in 16 (35%) of of these patients. Loss of the MAF precursor activity appeared to be due to deglycosylation of plasma Gc protein by alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase found in the patient blood stream. Levels of plasma alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity in individual patients had an inverse correlation with the MAF precursor activity of their plasma Gc protein. Thus, precursor activity of Gc protein and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity in patient blood can serve as diagnostic and prognostic indices.
Quality of Life and Mental Health in Patients with Chronic Diseases Who Regularly Practice Yoga and Those Who Do Not: A Case-Control Study (2013)

While clinical trials have shown evidence of efficacy of yoga in different chronic diseases, subjective health benefits associated with yoga practice under naturalistic conditions have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of regular yoga practice with quality of life and mental health in patients with chronic diseases. Using a case-control design, patients with chronic diseases who regularly practiced yoga were selected from a large observational study and compared to controls who did not regularly practice yoga and who were matched individually to each case on gender, main diagnosis, education, and age (within 5 years). Patients' quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), life satisfaction, and health satisfaction (Questionnaire for Life Satisfaction) were assessed. Patients who regularly practiced yoga (n = 186) had a better general health status (P = 0.012), a higher physical functioning (P = 0.001), and physical component score (P = 0.029) on the SF-36 than those who did not (n = 186). No group differences were found for the mental scales of the SF-36, anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, or health satisfaction. In conclusion, practicing yoga under naturalistic conditions seems to be associated with increased physical health but not mental health in chronically diseased patients.
Probing the SELEX Process with Next-Generation Sequencing (2011)

High affinity aptamers can be readily identified simply by copy number enrichment in the first selection rounds. Based on our results, we suggest a new selection scheme that avoids a high number of iterative selection rounds while reducing time, PCR bias, and artifacts.
The type X collagen gene. Intron sequences split the 5′-untranslated region and separate the coding regions for the non-collagenous amino-terminal and triple-helical domains. (1988)

Type X collagen, expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, consists of homotrimeric molecules with subunits that are only about one-half the size of the polypeptides of fibrillar collagens. In this report we describe for the first time the complete primary structure of type X collagen, based on cloning and sequencing of cDNA and genomic DNA. A comparison between the nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and genomic DNA clones has also allowed determination of the complete exon structure of the type X collagen gene. Our results demonstrate that the primary translation product of the chicken type X collagen mRNA is 682 amino acid residues long with a calculated molecular mass of 67,317 Da for the nonhydroxylated form. This calculated molecular mass is in excellent agreement with the observed electrophoretic mobility of cell-free translation products with both poly(A)+ RNA isolated from chondrocytes as well as RNA transcribed in vitro from a full length cDNA construct. It is also in agreement with the observed size of type X collagen polypeptides isolated from the media of cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes. Thus, our data exclude the possibility of a high molecular weight precursor form of type X collagen. Our results also confirm that the chicken type X gene has a most unusual exon structure when compared to other vertebrate collagen genes. The gene has only three exons. One exon (97 base pairs (bp)), codes for most of the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA, a second exon (159 bp) codes for the signal peptide and a short non-triple-helical domain, while the third exon (2136 bp) contains the coding region for the entire triple-helix and a large non-triple-helical carboxyl domain.
Prospective Randomized Crossover Trial Comparing Continuous and Cyclic Stimulation in InterStim Therapy (2015)

No significant differences were noted in voiding diaries and subjective responses between cyclic and continuous stimulation in InterStim therapy for patients with urge incontinence or frequency.
Finding Functional Features in Saccharomyces Genomes by Phylogenetic Footprinting (2003)

The sifting and winnowing of DNA sequence that occur during evolution cause nonfunctional sequences to diverge, leaving phylogenetic footprints of functional sequence elements in comparisons of genome sequences. We searched for such footprints among the genome sequences of six Saccharomyces species and identified potentially functional sequences. Comparison of these sequences allowed us to revise the catalog of yeast genes and identify sequence motifs that may be targets of transcriptional regulatory proteins. Some of these conserved sequence motifs reside upstream of genes with similar functional annotations or similar expression patterns or those bound by the same transcription factor and are thus good candidates for functional regulatory sequences.
Large-scale cooperative 3D visual-inertial mapping in a Manhattan world (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of cooperative mapping (CM) using datasets collected by multiple users at different times, when the transformation between the users' starting poses is unknown. Specifically, we formulate CM as a constrained optimization problem, where each user's independently estimated trajectory and map are combined in a single map by imposing geometric constraints between commonly-observed point and line features. Furthermore, our formulation allows for modularity since new/old maps (or parts of them) can be easily added/removed with no impact on the remaining ones. Additionally, the proposed CM algorithm lends itself, for the most part, to parallel implementations, hence gaining in speed. Experimental results based on visual and inertial measurements collected from four users within two large buildings are used to assess the performance of the proposed CM algorithm.
Bioreactor cultivation conditions modulate the composition and mechanical properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage (1999)

Cartilaginous constructs have been grown in vitro with use of isolated cells, biodegradable polymer scaffolds, and bioreactors. In the present work, the relationships between the composition and mechanical properties of engineered cartilage constructs were studied by culturing bovine calf articular chondrocytes on fibrous polyglycolic acid scaffolds (5 mm in diameter, 2-mm thick, and 97% porous) in three different environments: static flasks, mixed flasks, and rotating vessels. After 6 weeks of cultivation, the composition, morphology, and mechanical function of the constructs in radially confined static and dynamic compression all depended on the conditions of in vitro cultivation. Static culture yielded small and fragile constructs, while turbulent flow in mixed flasks yielded constructs with fibrous outer capsules; both environments resulted in constructs with poor mechanical properties. The constructs that were cultured freely suspended in a dynamic laminar flow field in rotating vessels were the largest, contained continuous cartilage-like extracellular matrices with the highest fractions of glycosaminoglycan and collagen, and had the best mechanical properties. The equilibrium modulus, hydraulic permeability, dynamic stiffness, and streaming potential correlated with the wet-weight fractions of glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and water. These findings suggest that the hydrodynamic conditions in tissue-culture bioreactors can modulate the composition, morphology, mechanical properties, and electromechanical function of engineered cartilage.
Review Paper: Chitosan Derivatives as Promising Materials for Controlled Drug Delivery (2008)

Chitosan, a natural based-polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, is nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These properties make chitosan a good candidate for the development of conventional and novel drug delivery systems. Chitosan has been found to be used as a support material for gene delivery, cell culture, and tissue engineering. However, practical use of chitosan has been mainly confined to the unmodified forms. For a breakthrough in utilization, especially in the field of controlled drug delivery, graft copolymerization onto chitosan will be a key point, which will introduce desired properties and enlarge the field of the potential applications of chitosan by choosing various types of side chains. Chemical modification of chitosan is useful for the association of bioactive molecules to polymer and controlling the drug release profile. This paper reviews the various methods of preparation of chitosan derivatives intended for controlled drug delivery. From the studies reviewed it is concluded that chitosan derivatives are promising materials for controlled drug and nonviral gene delivery.
Interleukin‐9 potentiates the interleukin‐4‐induced immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgE) production by normal human B lymphocytes (1993)

IgE production by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is known to be triggered upon stimulation by interleukin (IL)-4. In the present study we showed that IL-9, another T cell-derived cytokine, markedly potentiated IgE production induced by suboptimal doses of IL-4, whereas no effect of IL-9 was observed in the absence of IL-4. The potentiating effect of IL-9 appeared to be associated with the increased frequency of IgE-producing cells, as revealed by a specific ELISA-spot assay. Under the same experimental conditions, IL-9 also enhanced the IL-4-induced IgG production but did not elicit IgM production. However, IL-9 did not amplify the IL-4-dependent expression of membrane-bound and soluble low affinity receptor for IgE (CD23). IL-4-induced IgE production was also potentiated by IL-6 but not by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1 beta. The possibility that the activity of IL-9 was mediated by IL-6 released from accessory cells was excluded by the observations that monocyte depletion did not abolish the effect of IL-9 and that IL-9 was still active on fluorescence-assisted cell sorted CD20+ B lymphocytes co-cultured with irradiated murine EL4 cells. In addition, IL-9 was shown to potentiate the IL-4-induced IgG and IgM production by normal human B lymphocytes preactivated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-9 plays a regulatory role in the IL-4-dependent immunoglobulin production.
Design strategies for pulse sequences in multidimensional optical spectroscopies (2001)

A unified description of resonant multiple-pulse experiments in coupled spin-12 systems in NMR spectroscopy and two-level systems in optical spectroscopy is presented. The connection between the NMR product operator formalism and the Liouville space pathways in optical spectroscopy is established. We show how the information obtained in various strong field two and three pulse NMR experiments can be extracted by combining heterodyne detected phase-controlled weak field signals generated at different directions. These results allow the design of sequences of weak optical pulses that accomplish the same goals as strong field multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.
HarDNet: A Low Memory Traffic Network (2019)

State-of-the-art neural network architectures such as ResNet, MobileNet, and DenseNet have achieved outstanding accuracy over low MACs and small model size counterparts. However, these metrics might not be accurate for predicting the inference time. We suggest that memory traffic for accessing intermediate feature maps can be a factor dominating the inference latency, especially in such tasks as real-time object detection and semantic segmentation of high-resolution video. We propose a Harmonic Densely Connected Network to achieve high efficiency in terms of both low MACs and memory traffic. The new network achieves 35%, 36%, 30%, 32%, and 45% inference time reduction compared with FC-DenseNet-103, DenseNet-264, ResNet-50, ResNet-152, and SSD-VGG, respectively. We use tools including Nvidia profiler and ARM Scale-Sim to measure the memory traffic and verify that the inference latency is indeed proportional to the memory traffic consumption and the proposed network consumes low memory traffic. We conclude that one should take memory traffic into consideration when designing neural network architectures for high-resolution applications at the edge.
The perception of speech sounds by the human brain as reflected by the mismatch negativity (MMN) and its magnetic equivalent (MMNm) (2001)

The present article outlines the contribution of the mismatch negativity (MMN), and its magnetic equivalent MMNm, to our understanding of the perception of speech sounds in the human brain. MMN data indicate that each sound, both speech and nonspeech, develops its neural representation corresponding to the percept of this sound in the neurophysiological substrate of auditory sensory memory. The accuracy of this representation, determining the accuracy of the discrimination between different sounds, can be probed with MMN separately for any auditory feature (e.g., frequency or duration) or stimulus type such as phonemes. Furthermore, MMN data show that the perception of phonemes, and probably also of larger linguistic units (syllables and words), is based on language‐specific phonetic traces developed in the posterior part of the left‐hemisphere auditory cortex. These traces serve as recognition models for the corresponding speech sounds in listening to speech. MMN studies further suggest that these language‐specific traces for the mother tongue develop during the first few months of life. Moreover, MMN can also index the development of such traces for a foreign language learned later in life. MMN data have also revealed the existence of such neuronal populations in the human brain that can encode acoustic invariances specific to each speech sound, which could explain correct speech perception irrespective of the acoustic variation between the different speakers and word context.
Performance prediction for concurrent database workloads (2011)

Current trends in data management systems, such as cloud and multi-tenant databases, are leading to data processing environments that concurrently execute heterogeneous query workloads. At the same time, these systems need to satisfy diverse performance expectations. In these newly-emerging settings, avoiding potential Quality-of-Service (QoS) violations heavily relies on performance predictability, i.e., the ability to estimate the impact of concurrent query execution on the performance of individual queries in a continuously evolving workload.
Probabilistic graph and hypergraph matching (2008)

We consider the problem of finding a matching between two sets of features, given complex relations among them, going beyond pairwise. Each feature set is modeled by a hypergraph where the complex relations are represented by hyper-edges. A match between the feature sets is then modeled as a hypergraph matching problem. We derive the hyper-graph matching problem in a probabilistic setting represented by a convex optimization. First, we formalize a soft matching criterion that emerges from a probabilistic interpretation of the problem input and output, as opposed to previous methods that treat soft matching as a mere relaxation of the hard matching problem. Second, the model induces an algebraic relation between the hyper-edge weight matrix and the desired vertex-to-vertex probabilistic matching. Third, the model explains some of the graph matching normalization proposed in the past on a heuristic basis such as doubly stochastic normalizations of the edge weights. A key benefit of the model is that the global optimum of the matching criteria can be found via an iterative successive projection algorithm. The algorithm reduces to the well known Sinkhorn [15] row/column matrix normalization procedure in the special case when the two graphs have the same number of vertices and a complete matching is desired. Another benefit of our model is the straight-forward scalability from graphs to hyper-graphs.
Nucleotide sequence of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene fromZymomonas mobilis (1987)

Pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1), the penultimate enzyme in the alcoholic fermentation pathway of Zymomonas mobilis, converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide. The complete nucleotide sequence of the structural gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis has been determined. The coding region is 1704 nucleotides long and encodes a polypeptide of 567 amino acids with a calculated subunit mass of 60,790 daltons. The amino acid sequence was confirmed by comparison with the amino acid sequence of a selection of tryptic fragments of the enzyme. The amino acid composition obtained from the nucleotide sequence is in good agreement with that obtained experimentally.
Effective therapeutic anticancer vaccines based on precision guiding of cytolytic T lymphocytes (2002)

In natural immune responses CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, reactive with peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on dendritic cells (DC), can drive the maturation of DC that is required for induction of CD8+ cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity. Proper induction, expansion and maintenance of CTL responses are achieved through delicate interactions between CD4+ T cells, DC and CD8+ T cells involving several ligand-receptor pairs. Th cells to a large extent operate through up-regulation of CD40L, which then interacts with CD40 on DC to cause DC maturation. Subsequent CTL induction by activated DC requires CD80/CD86 on the DC to interact with the CD28 costimulatory receptor on CD8+ T cells. For maintenance and full expansion of CTL, interaction of the DC-expressed 4-1BB ligand with its receptor 4-1BB on CTL is also important. Alternative molecular triggers of DC activation that can support induction of powerful CTL responses include agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or ligands of Toll-like receptors (TLR) such as LPS (TLR4 ligand) or oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs (TLR9 ligand). The combination of CpG adjuvant with a 35 amino acid long synthetic peptide comprising both tumor-specific CTL and Th epitopes proved to be a highly effective vaccine formulation capable of inducing therapeutic immunity against human papillomavirus-induced mouse tumors. The recently acquired insights into antigen presentation and costimulatory signals have made possible the development of a new generation of therapeutic anticancer vaccines.
.beta.-Adrenergic antagonists with multiple pharmacophores: persistent blockade of receptors (1983)

beta-Adrenergic antagonists containing from one to four identical pharmacophores were prepared and studied. These compounds had the general structure R2NCH(CH3)CH2[-OCH2CH(CH3)-]2-8NR2, where R is either H or an aryl-OCH2CHOHCH2 group. Synthesis was achieved by reaction of aryl glycidyl ethers with Jeffamines, which are primary diamines used in the manufacture of plastics. The following aryl groups were used: 2-allyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl, 1-naphthyl, and 4-methoxyphenyl. The first three correspond to moieties of the established drugs alprenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol, respectively. The affinities of these compounds for beta-adrenergic receptors of rat heart and lung were estimated by measuring their ability to compete with the specific binding of (-)-[3H]-dihydroalprenolol. Compounds containing one pharmacophore bound to the receptors with affinities comparable to those of the parent drugs and the blockade of receptors could be dissociated by successive washes as easily as were those of the parent drugs. Compounds containing two or three pharmacophores had somewhat lower affinities for receptors, but the resulting blockade was persistent even after successive washing.