gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A tyrosine-rich domain within homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5 is an essential element in the early cardiac transcriptional regulatory machinery (2006)

Homeodomain factor Nkx2-5 is a central component of the transcription factor network that guides cardiac development; in humans, mutations in NKX2.5 lead to congenital heart disease (CHD). We have genetically defined a novel conserved tyrosine-rich domain (YRD) within Nkx2-5 that has co-evolved with its homeodomain. Mutation of the YRD did not affect DNA binding and only slightly diminished transcriptional activity of Nkx2-5 in a context-specific manner in vitro. However, the YRD was absolutely essential for the function of Nkx2-5 in cardiogenesis during ES cell differentiation and in the developing embryo. Furthermore, heterozygous mutation of all nine tyrosines to alanine created an allele with a strong dominant-negative-like activity in vivo: ES cell<-->embryo chimaeras bearing the heterozygous mutation died before term with cardiac malformations similar to the more severe anomalies seen in NKX2.5 mutant families. These studies suggest a functional interdependence between the NK2 class homeodomain and YRD in cardiac development and evolution, and establish a new model for analysis of Nkx2-5 function in CHD.
The Identification of DepB: An Enzyme Responsible for the Final Detoxification Step in the Deoxynivalenol Epimerization Pathway in Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 (2018)

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins found in cereal grains and grains contaminated with DON can cause health issues for both humans and animals and result in severe economic losses. Currently there is no feasible method to remediate affected grains. The development of a biological method for detoxification is becoming increasingly more plausible with the discovery of microbes which can transform DON to a relatively non-toxic stereoisomer, 3-<i>epi</i>-DON. Although bacteria capable of detoxifying DON have been known for some time, it is only recently an enzyme responsible was identified. In <i>Devosia mutans</i> 17-2-E-8 (<i>Devosia</i> sp. 17-2-E-8) a two-step DON epimerization (Dep) pathway, designated as the Dep system, completes this reaction. DepA was recently identified as the enzyme responsible for the conversion of DON to 3-keto-DON, and in this report, DepB, a NADPH dependent dehydrogenase, is identified as the second and final step in the pathway. DepB readily catalyzes the reduction of 3-keto-DON to 3-<i>epi</i>-DON. DepB is shown to be moderately thermostable as it did not lose significant activity after a heat treatment at 55°C and it is amenable to lyophilization. DepB functions at a range of pH-values (5-9) and functions equally well in multiple common buffers. DepB is clearly a NADPH dependent enzyme as it utilizes it much more efficiently than NADH. The discovery of the final step in the Dep pathway may provide a means to finally mitigate the losses from DON contamination in cereal grains through an enzymatic detoxification system. The further development of this system will need to focus on the activity of the Dep enzymes under conditions mimicking industrially relevant conditions to test their functionality for use in areas such as corn milling, fuel ethanol fermentation or directly in animal feed.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Gastric Cancer and Its Expression Is Regulated by the Messenger RNA Stability Factor HuR (2005)

High COX-2 is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Cytoplasmic expression of HuR associates with high COX-2 expression and with reduced survival, and tissue culture experiments show that HuR can regulate expression of COX-2 in gastric cancer cells.
Synthesis and characterization of (.beta.-diketonato)copper(I) alkyne complexes: structural characterization of (hexafluoroacetylacetonato)(diphenylacetylene)copper(I) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of (.beta.-diketonato)copper(I) alkyne complexes: structural characterization of (hexafluoroacetylacetonato)(diphenylacetylene)copper(I)K. M. Chi, H. K. Shin, M. J. Hampden-Smith, T. T. Kodas, and E. N. DueslerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 23, 4293–4294Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00023a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00023a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Subcarrier multiplexing for lightwave networks and video distribution systems (1990)

Applications for subcarrier multiplexing include a variety of analog and digital lightwave transmission systems. An overview of the requirements and capabilities of these systems is presented by describing specific examples of the most popular system types. These examples include multiuser interactive local area networks and multichannel digital, FM, and AM-VSB (vestigal sideband) video distribution systems. Limitations imposed on each by the linearity of directly or externally modulated sources, receiver noise, and relative-intensity noise are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evolving pet robot with emotional model (2002)

Deals with a pet robot with an emotional model. The robot requires several capabilities, such as perceiving, acting, communicating and surviving. Furthermore, it should learn various behaviors through interaction with its owner. This paper focuses on teaching a pet robot tricks or to dance. Basically, the owner can teach these tricks by simple communication based on trial and error. The robot performs the tricks by using a fuzzy controller, and further acquires tricks by a delta rule for online learning and a genetic algorithm for off-line learning. We use "Rag Warrior" as our pet robot. Experimental results show that this robot performs tricks through interaction with its owner.
Mapping the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) to Common Presence and Instant Messaging (CPIM) (2004)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol.Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Simple Models of Human Movement (1995)

Many mathematical models of human movement have sought to represent as much as possible of the complexity of the human body but others, the subjects of this review, are extremely simple. Some treat the body as a point mass walking on rigid, massless legs or bouncing along on a spring. Others incorporate a few limb segments with appropriate masses, operated in some cases by a few muscles with realistic physiological properties. These simple models have been used to tackle questions such as these: why do we walk at low speeds but break into a run to go faster? Why do we change the length of our strides, and the patterns of force we exert on the ground, as we increase speed? Why do high jumpers run up more slowly than long jumpers and set down the take-off leg at a shallower angle? Why do we activate muscles sequentially, when throwing a ball? In every case the explanatory power of the model is enhanced by its simplicity.
Persistent Homology of Collaboration Networks (2013)

Over the past few decades, network science has introduced several statistical measures to determine the topological structure of large networks. Initially, the focus was on binary networks, where edges are either present or not. Thus, many of the earlier measures can only be applied to binary networks and not to weighted networks. More recently, it has been shown that weighted networks have a rich structure, and several generalized measures have been introduced. We use persistent homology, a recent technique from computational topology, to analyse four weighted collaboration networks. We include the first and second Betti numbers for the first time for this type of analysis. We show that persistent homology corresponds to tangible features of the networks. Furthermore, we use it to distinguish the collaboration networks from similar random networks.
A rate-based congestion avoidance and control scheme for packet switched networks (2002)

A congestion avoidance and control scheme that monitors the incoming traffic to each destination and provides rate-based feedback information to the sources of bursty traffic so that sources of traffic can adjust their packet rates to match the network capacity is described. The congestion avoidance mechanism at nodes on the periphery of the network controls incoming traffic so that it does not exceed the capacity of paths to different destinations. The congestion control mechanism at each node monitors the performance of adjacent links and generates rate control messages that warn the sources of traffic before congestion develops. Some existing schemes are reviewed, and the congestion avoidance and control scheme and its applicability to various transport protocols are discussed. Experiments show that the scheme is effective in preventing congestion inside the network and that it manages to restrict the traffic on any overloaded path to 80%-90% of its capacity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biological activity and in vivo clearance of anti-tumor antibody/cytokine fusion proteins (1993)

Several human cytokines including IL-2, GM-CSF, and tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta were engineered as fusion proteins to the carboxyl terminus of a chimeric anti-ganglioside antibody, ch14.18, and expressed in transfected hybridoma cells. All of the fusion proteins were expressed at high levels and were easily purified by affinity or ion-exchange chromatography from culture supernatants. The effect of fusion on antigen binding activity was tested and found to vary with the particular cytokine. No significant decreases in antigen binding were observed, and fusion of IL-2 had the greatest positive effect in a direct antigen binding assay. All fusion proteins maintained normal levels of biological activity except for GM-CSF, which was approximately 20% active, compared to recombinant GM-CSF produced in bacteria. The clearance of the fusion proteins was examined in normal Balb/c mice after intraperitoneal injection or in athymic (nu/nu) mice after intravenous injection and was generally quite rapid, relative to ch14.18. This was mainly due to a very rapid initial clearance rate (alpha phase) since the half-lives of the beta phase of the fusion proteins (about 30 h) were comparable to that of the free antibody (about 58 h). These results demonstrate that biologically active antibody/cytokine fusion proteins can be constructed by genetic engineering. Their relatively rapid clearance may require constant infusion rather than bolus injection in order to achieve clinical efficacy.
Malaria and the ‘last’ parasite: how can technology help? (2018)

Malaria, together with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and hepatitis are the four most deadly infectious diseases globally. Progress in eliminating malaria has saved millions of lives, but also creates new challenges in detecting the 'last parasite'. Effective and accurate detection of malaria infections, both in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals are needed. In this review, the current progress in developing new diagnostic tools to fight malaria is presented. An ideal rapid test for malaria elimination is envisioned with examples to demonstrate how innovative technologies can assist the global defeat against this disease. Diagnostic gaps where technology can bring an impact to the elimination campaign for malaria are identified. Finally, how a combination of microfluidic-based technologies and smartphone-based read-outs could potentially represent the next generation of rapid diagnostic tests is discussed.
Star Polymers via Cross-Linking Amphiphilic Macroinitiators by AGET ATRP in Aqueous Media (2009)

Amphiphilic star polymers with low polydispersity (PDI) and high molecular weight were synthesized by an activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) in aqueous dispersed media using a simple "arm-first" method and linear block copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-PS-Cl) as arm precursors. The amphiphilic block copolymers PEO-PS-Cl with halogen chain-end functionality formed micelles in water and then were cross-linked by the divinyl cross-linkers. Due to the formation of cross-linker swollen micelles before the polymerization was initiated, star-star or star-linear chain reactions were not required for the star formation. The suppressed star-star coupling reactions resulted in the formation of star polymers with low PDI (M(w)/M(n) < 1.1) but still high molecular weight (over 1000 kg/mol).
Self-renewal of hemopoietic stem cells during mixed colony formation in vitro. (1981)

Replating experiments have shown that the self-renewal of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells can be studied in vitro by clonal analysis techniques. The number of daughter stem cells detectable in individual primary clones produced in vitro varies markedly from one clone to another. These findings are consistent with a general model of stem cell differentiation in which the choice to self-replicate or not is ultimately determined at the single-cell level by a mechanism involving a random-event component that is intrinsic to the stem cell itself. Hemopoietic stem cells were identified by their ability to generate macroscopic-sized colonies having a visible erythroid component (i.e., gross red color) in standard methylcellulose assays containing medium conditioned by pokeweed mitogen-treated spleen cells and erythropoietin. In assays of replated primary or secondary colonies, inclusion of irradiated marrow-cell feeders was found to be an additional requirement. The mixed erythroid-megakaryocyte-granulocyte nature of colonies identified simply as macroscopic and erythroid was confirmed by cytochemical stains for lineage-specific markers. Marked variation in self-renewal was a feature of marrow stem cells both before and after maintenance in flask culture, although the overall self-renewal capacity exhibited by flask-cultured cells was approximately 5-fold higher. Variation in self-renewal was not correlated with primary colony size, which also varied over a wide range (0.2-9 X 10(5) nucleated cells per colony). Variation in stem cell self-renewal has been previously associated with hemopoietic stem cell proliferation in vivo. Its persistence in vitro in assays of dilute single-cell suspensions casts doubt on the significance of microenvironmental influences in directing stem cell differentiation.
The Robonaut hand: a dexterous robot hand for space (2003)

A highly anthropomorphic human scale robot hand designed for space based operations is presented. This five finger hand combined with its integrated wrist and forearm has fourteen independent degrees of freedom. The device approximates very well the kinematics and required strength of an astronaut's hand when operating through a pressurized space suit glove. The mechanisms used to meet these requirements are described in detail along with the design philosophy behind them. Integration experiences reveal the challenges associated with obtaining the required capabilities within the desired size.
Alemtuzumab Treatment of Intermediate-1 Myelodysplasia Patients Is Associated With Sustained Improvement in Blood Counts and Cytogenetic Remissions (2010)

Alemtuzumab is safe and active in MDS and may be an attractive alternative to ATG in selected patients likely to respond to IST.
The 2018 Joint International Congress of ILTS, ELITA & LICAGE (2018)

Within the model of donation after circulatory death (DCD), a more severe degree of ischaemia-reperfusion injury occurs, that seems to play a role on the pathogenesis of biliary complications. Aim of the study was to assess the bile duct injury in two different models of ischaemia, DCD and donation after brain death (DBD), in liver transplantation. Histological samples of common bile duct retrieved after liver graft reperfusion, before biliary anastomosis, were evaluated. Severity of donor bile duct injury was assessed on the basis of biliary epithelial cell loss, mural stroma necrosis, inflammation, peribiliary vascular plexus damage, arteriolonecrosis, thrombosis, periluminal and deep peribiliary glands (PBG) damage. Cholangiocyte apoptosis and proliferation in periluminal and deep PBG were evaluated by quantitative TUNEL analysis and PCNA immu- nohistochemical expression. Sixty-two bile duct sample were available for evaluation (2014-2015). A significantly higher number of DCD patients presented necrosis &gt;50% of the bile duct wall [DCD 14/28 (50%), DBD 9/34 (26.5%) p=0.056], peribiliary vascular plexus damage [DCD 8/28 (29%), DBD 3/34 (9%); p=0.053] and periluminal PBG damage [DCD 20/28 (71%), DBD 14/34 (41%); p=0.016], defining the occurrence of severe histological injury, that was significantly more frequent in DCD liver transplant patients [15/28 (53.6%)] compared to DBD [7/34 (20.6%)] (p=0.007). A significant increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation was evidenced in both periluminal (Tunel p=0.029; PCNA p=0.029) and deep PBGs (Tunel p=0.002; PCNA p=0.006) from bile duct sample with severe histolog- ical injury. Bile duct samples from DCD grafts expressed more severe injury at the histological level, defining the new feature of severe histological injury. Bile ducts with severe histological injury showed increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation both on periluminal and deep PBG. This study raises the hypothesis of a correlation between the occurrence of microscopic damage and the development of ischaemic biliary complications. Study supported by ESOT Grant 2017
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized CFU-F can be found in the peripheral blood but have limited expansion potential (2008)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells found lining the bone marrow cavity supporting the growth and differentiation of hematologic progenitors. There is growing evidence that these cells can, under the right circumstances, enter the peripheral circulation. We show that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood contains cells which form colonies and have a similar fibroblastic morphology (termed CFU-F) to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were found at a very low incidence (0.0002%). Mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F were successfully differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. FACS analysis showed that the cells had a similar profile to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Importantly, mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F had limited expansion potential and became senescent 20-25 days after isolation. Mobilized peripheral blood CFU-F also did not have any telomerase activity and displayed significant telomere shortening. The rarity of CFU-F in mobilized peripheral blood and the subsequent pressure to divide in cell culture probably contribute to early cellular senescence. Their potential for use in transplant or gene therapy is, therefore, limited.
SATELLITE CELL REGULATION FOLLOWING MYOTRAUMA CAUSED BY RESISTANCE EXERCISE (2000)

It is generally accepted that the primary mechanisms governing skeletal muscle hypertrophy are satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Specific growth factors and hormones modulate satellite cell activity during normal muscle growth, but as a consequence of resistance exercise additional regulators may stimulate satellite cells to contribute to gains in myofiber size and number. Present knowledge of the regulation of the cellular, biochemical and molecular events accompanying skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance exercise is incomplete. We propose that resistance exercise may induce satellite cells to become responsive to cytokines from the immune system and to circulating hormones and growth factors. The purpose of this paper is to review the role of satellite cells and growth factors in skeletal muscle hypertrophy that follows resistance exercise.
Improving the Efficiency of Conventional Spark-Ignition Engines Using Octane-on-Demand Combustion. Part I: Engine Studies (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper is the first of a two part study which investigates the use of advanced combustion modes as a means of improving the efficiency and environmental impact of conventional light-duty vehicles. This first study focuses on the application of so-called Octane-on-Demand combustion, whereby the fuel anti-knock quality is customized to match the real-time requirements of an otherwise conventional spark-ignition engine. Methanol is utilized as the high octane fuel, while three alternative petroleum-derived fuels with Research octane numbers (RONs) ranging from 61 to 90 are examined as candidates for the lower octane fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experimental engine calibration maps are first developed to quantify the minimum amount of methanol that must be added to each lower octane fuel in order to reproduce the baseline engine performance attained on a market gasoline (RON 95). The properties of the lower octane fuel are shown to affect the engine performance significantly. In particular, the lower octane fuel indirectly defines the evolution of several key fuel properties with engine load. This synergistic relationship ultimately presents a trade-off between minimizing the fuel consumption and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, but can also be exploited to eliminate the traditional constraints on high load engine operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Finally, the benefits and trade-offs associated with Octane-on-Demand are discussed in relation to powertrain design and emissions legislation. These benefits include several opportunities to simplify traditional aftertreatment systems, while also realizing higher pollutant conversion efficiencies. Overall, this work suggests that Octane-on-Demand can enable a degree engine performance and efficiency that is not possible with traditional gasolines, while simultaneously realizing the environmental benefits of lower octane petroleum-derived fuels that require less processing than those offered in the market today.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;