gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad-band dual-polarized single microstrip patch antenna with high isolation and low cross polarization (2002)

This paper presents a new design of a broad-band dual-polarized single microstrip patch antenna with highly decoupled input ports and low cross-polarization (XP) radiation. A prototype of the proposed antenna with center frequency at 1800 MHz is presented. Both the dual linear polarizations have 10-dB return-loss impedance bandwidths greater than 14% and high decoupling between the two input ports (S/sub 21/ less than -40 dB across the entire bandwidths) is obtained. Moreover, the XP radiation in the principal planes of the dual linear polarizations is seen to be less than -20 dB.
Linagliptin monotherapy provides superior glycaemic control versus placebo or voglibose with comparable safety in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo and active comparator‐controlled, double‐blind study (2011)

Linagliptin showed superior glucose-lowering efficacy and comparable safety and tolerability to both placebo and voglibose in Japanese patients with T2DM.
Ultrasensitive profiling and sequencing of N-linked oligosaccharides using standard DNA-sequencing equipment (2001)

The analysis of protein-linked glycans is of increasing importance, both in basic glycobiological research and during the production process of glycoprotein pharmaceuticals. In many cases, the amount of glycoprotein available for typing the glycans is very low. This, combined with the high branching complexity typical for this class of compounds, makes glycan typing a challenging task. We present here methodology allowing the medium-throughput analysis of N-glycans derived from low picomole amounts of glycoproteins using the standard DNA-sequencing equipment available in any life sciences laboratory. The high sensitivity of the overall analytical process (from glycoprotein to results) is obtained using state-of-the-art deglycosylation procedures combined with a highly efficient and reproducible novel postderivatization cleanup step involving Sephadex G10 packed 96-well filterplates. All sample preparation steps (enzymatic deglycosylation with PNGase F, desalting, derivatization with 8-amino-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid, and postderivatization cleanup) are performed using 96-well-based plates. This integrated sample preparation scheme is also compatible with capillary electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS platforms already in use in some glycobiology labs and anticipates the higher throughput that will be offered by the capillary-array-based DNA sequencers currently penetrating the market. The described technology should bring high-performance glycosylation analysis within reach of each life sciences lab and thus help expedite the pace of discovery in the field of glycobiology.
Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men (1995)

There was a strong independent association between low vitamin E status before follow up and an excess risk of diabetes at four years. This supports the theory that free radical stress has a role in the causation of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Portfolio allocation for Bayesian optimization (2011)

Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes has become an increasingly popular tool in the machine learning community. It is efficient and can be used when very little is known about the objective function, making it popular in expensive black-box optimization scenarios. It uses Bayesian methods to sample the objective efficiently using an acquisition function which incorporates the posterior estimate of the objective. However, there are several different parameterized acquisition functions in the literature, and it is often unclear which one to use. Instead of using a single acquisition function, we adopt a portfolio of acquisition functions governed by an online multi-armed bandit strategy. We propose several portfolio strategies, the best of which we call GP-Hedge, and show that this method outperforms the best individual acquisition function. We also provide a theoretical bound on the algorithm’s performance. 1
A quantitative bioassay for erythropoietin, using mouse bone marrow. (1981)

A new in vitro assay for epo using the suspension culture-59Fe incorporation technique has been devised. The assay is based on the use of readily available adult mouse marrow cells. Particular attention has been given to defining conditions that would permit this assay to be applied to the evaluation of epo levels in a wide variety of test samples, including human sera, which contain factors in addition to epo that influence both the level of hemoglobin synthesis obtained and the extent of 59Fe incorporation. To eliminate variability in 59Fe uptake due to uncontrolled additions of transferrin or unlabeled iron from test samples, the assay has been split into two parts separated by a centrifugation and cell wash step. Optimal conditions during the initial 24 hr when cells were exposed to epo were found to include the use of 20% FCS (preselected for its ability to support erythroid colony formation in vitro), 0.1 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, and 2 X 10(6) marrow cells in a final culture volume of 0.5 ml. Optimal labeling during the subsequent 3 hr exposure to [59Fe]ferrous citrate in serum-free medium required the addition of 50 microgram/ml transferrin. Substantial diminution of 59Fe incorporation was observed below 10 and above 150 microgram/ml. Optimal labeling iron concentrations were provided during the labeling period solely by 1 muCi of [59Fe]ferrous citrate (10,000 to 25,000 muCi/mg of Fe). Thus no addition of unlabeled iron was necessary, and reduction of the specific activity of the added 59Fe by exogenous Fe from FCS or test samples was avoided. Careful choice of an appropriate prelabel incubation period (23 to 25 hr) made it possible to measure epo levels from 400 down to 1 mU per 0.5 ml culture, with a corresponding variation in counts of 12-fold. By comparison, the minimum epo level detectable with fetal liver cells under the same conditions was 10 mU/0.5 ml culture, and the maximum range in counts was less than fourfold.
A silicon BiCMOS transceiver front-end MMIC covering 900 and 1900 MHz applications (2002)

A silicon BiCMOS transceiver front-end consisting of a low noise amplifier, power amplifier, and SPDT switch is described. The chip runs off a 5 V supply and requires a single CMOS/TTL control line for switch control. The LNA path has a 22 dB gain and 4 dB noise figure at 900 MHz. The PA has a gain of 22 dB and an output power of 15 dBm. The SPDT switch has an insertion loss of 1.3 dB, and an isolation of 22 dB at 900 MHz.
Multi-Task Learning for Multiple Language Translation (2015)

Daxiang Dong, Hua Wu, Wei He, Dianhai Yu, Haifeng Wang. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Beneficial role of l‐arginine in cardiac matrix remodelling in insulin resistant rats (2008)

SU rats developed insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia, accompanied with increased fat deposition in the heart and enhanced MMP protein expression. Conversely, ARG supplementation prevents these metabolic abnormalities and restored MMP/TIMP-1 balance.
Abnormal kidney development and hematological disorders in PDGF beta-receptor mutant mice. (1994)

Platelet-derived growth factor, a major mitogen and chemoattractant for a number of cell types, is implicated in the processes of wound healing, tumorigenesis, and differentiation and is recognized by two receptors, alpha and beta. To begin understanding the role of these receptors in development, beta-receptor-deficient mice were generated by gene targeting in ES cells. Mutant mice are hemorrhagic, thrombocytopenic, and severely anemic, exhibit a defect in kidney glomeruli because of a lack of mesangial cells, and die at or shortly before birth. However, many cell types and tissues that express the receptor, including major blood vessels and the heart, appear normal in the absence of the receptor. These results indicate that whereas the beta receptor is essential in certain cell types during embryonic development, its broader role may be masked because of compensation by the alpha-subunit.
Genomic chart guiding embryonic stem cell cardiopoiesis (2008)

The present systems biology approach reveals a dynamically integrated and tractable gene network fundamental to embryonic stem cell specification, and represents an initial step towards resolution of a genomic cardiopoietic atlas.
Conformation, energy, and folding ability of selected amino acid sequences. (1995)

Evolutionary selection of sequences is studied with a knowledge-based Hamiltonian to find the design principle for folding to a model protein structure. With sequences selected by naive energy minimization, the model structure tends to be unstable and the folding ability is low. Sequences with high folding ability have only the low-lying energy minimum but also an energy landscape which is similar to that found for the native sequence over a wide region of the conformation space. Though there is a large fluctuation in foldable sequences, the hydrophobicity pattern and the glycine locations are preserved among them. Implications of the design principle for the molecular mechanism of folding are discussed.
Kinetic modeling of 52Fe/52mMn-citrate at the blood-brain barrier by positron emission tomography. (1999)

The kinetics of iron at the blood-brain barrier of the monkey were studied in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and the tracer 52Fe/52mMn-citrate. 52mMn is the beta(+)-emitting daughter nuclide of 52Fe and therefore contributes to the observed signal and background in the PET images and may influence the quantification of physiological relevant iron parameters. The kinetics of pure (52m)Mn-citrate at the blood-brain barrier of the monkey were studied experimentally, and the analysis of the data with a reasonable compartment model led to equal efflux and influx parameters for Mn (1.35 +/- 0.3 x 10(-2) min(-1)). By using complexes between Mn and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, the validity of the proposed model could be confirmed. To describe the observed kinetics of 52Fe/(52m)Mn-citrate, the manganese model was coupled to an iron model, which finally allowed the quantification of two iron-specific parameters: an input rate into global brain tissue of 7.15 +/- 2.6 x 10(-4) min(-1) and a time delay of roughly 24 min to account for the observed activities. The simpler linearization procedure has been proposed and could be applied to all our data sets and is able to replace the complicated nonlinear iron/manganese tracer kinetic model neglecting any influence of manganese on the analysis.
Transforming growth factor-β1–deficient mice: identification of isoform-specific activities in vivo (1996)

A remarkable range of activities has been ascribed to the family of proteins known as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Each plays an important role in development and homeostasis, influencing mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, regulating cellular differentiation, and maintaining control of cell proliferation. Although in vitro comparisons of activity demonstrate a high degree of functional similarity, recent studies of mice with a targeted deletion of the TGF-beta1 gene reveal that true isoform-specific activities do exist in vivo and that the three mammalian isoforms are not functionally redundant. This approach has defined a unique role for TGF-beta1 in the establishment and maintenance of normal immune function, shed new light on the relevance of endogenous TGF-beta1 to the normal wound healing process, and expanded the list of known mechanisms of TGF-beta1 activity to include endocrine functions. Thus, the TGF-beta1-deficient mouse allows the definition of isoform-specific activities, providing an invaluable window through which to view the principal functions of TGF-beta1 in vivo.
Mice lacking Bmp6 function (1998)

Bmp6, a member of the 60A subgroup of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), is expressed in diverse sites in the developing mouse embryo from preimplantation stages onwards. To evaluate roles for Bmp6 signaling in vivo, gene targeting was used to generate a null mutation at the Bmp6 locus. The resulting Bmp6 mutant mice are viable and fertile, and show no overt defects in tissues known to express Bmp6 mRNA. The skeletal elements of newborn and adult mutants are indistinguishable from wild-type. However, careful examination of skeletogenesis in late gestation embryos reveals a consistent delay in ossification strictly confined to the developing sternum. In situ hybridization studies in the developing long bones and sternum show that other BMP family members are expressed in overlapping domains. In particular we find that Bmp2 and Bmp6 are coexpressed in hypertrophic cartilage, suggesting that Bmp2 may functionally compensate in Bmp6 null mice. The defects in sternum development in Bmp6 null mice are likely to be associated with a transient early expression of Bmp6 in the sternal bands, prior to ossification. These sternal defects are slightly exacerbated in Bmp5/6 double mutant animals. Dev. Genet. 22:321–339, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal Near-Infrared Imaging of Myelination (2011)

Myelination is one of the fundamental biological processes in the development of vertebrate nervous system. Disturbance of myelination is found to be associated with progression in many neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Tremendous efforts have been made to develop novel therapeutic agents that prevent demyelination and/or promote remyelination. These efforts need to be accompanied by the development of imaging tools that permit direct quantification of myelination in vivo. In this work, we describe a novel near-infrared fluorescence imaging technique that is capable of direct quantification of myelination in vivo. This technique is developed based on a near-infrared fluorescent probe, 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DBT) that readily enters the brain and specifically binds to myelinated fibers. In vivo imaging studies were first conducted in two animal models of hypermyelination and hypomyelination followed by longitudinal studies in the cuprizone-induced demyelination/remyelination mouse model. Quantitative analysis suggests that DBT is a sensitive and specific imaging probe of myelination, which complements other current myelin-imaging modalities and is of low cost.
Circulating complexes containing IgA and fibronectin in patients with primary IgA nephropathy. (1988)

IgA antibodies from patients with primary IgA nephropathy bind to collagens I, II, and IV. Here we show that this binding is mediated by the collagen-binding site of fibronectin, which occurs in the circulation in complex with IgA. No antibodies binding directly to collagen were identified. The complexes were isolated by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose, both with affinity for fibronectin, followed by adsorption to anti-human IgA immobilized on agarose gel. The presence of fibronectin and IgA antibodies in the isolated complexes is shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretic transfer followed by immunostaining. The presence of an IgA-fibronectin complex in serum and the binding of this complex to collagen demonstrate the necessity of removing fibronectin from serum prior to identifying anti-collagen antibodies.
Identification of a novel CpG DNA class and motif that optimally stimulate B cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell functions (2003)

Recent reports have identified two major classes of CpG motif-containing oligodeoxynucleotide immunostimulatory sequences (ISS): uniformly modified phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), which initiate B cell functions but poorly activate dendritic cells (DCs) to make interferon (IFN)-alpha, and chimeric PS/phosphodiester (PO) ODNs containing runs of six contiguous guanosines, which induce very high levels of plasmacytoid DC (PDC)-derived IFN-alpha but poorly stimulate B cells. We have generated the first reported ISS, C274, which exhibits very potent effects on all human immune cells known to recognize ISS. C274 is a potent inducer of IFN-gamma/IFN-alpha from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and exhibits accelerated kinetics of activity compared with standard ISS. This ODN also effectively stimulates B cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and express costimulatory antigens. In addition, C274 specifically activates PDCs to undergo maturation and secrete cytokines, including very high levels of IFN-alpha. Sequence variation studies based on C274 were used to identify the general motif requirements for this novel and distinct class of ISS. In contrast, chimeric PO/PS CpG-containing ODNs with polyguanosine sequences exert a differential pattern of ISS activity compared with C274, perhaps in part as a result of their greatly different structural nature. This pattern is composed of high IFN-alpha/IFN-gamma induction and low DC maturation in the absence of B cell stimulation. In conclusion, we have generated a novel class of ISS that transcends the limitations ascribed to classes described previously in that it provides excellent stimulation of B cells and simultaneously activates PDCs to differentiate and secrete large amounts of type I IFN.
Inhibition of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐positive tumor growth by vaccination with either full‐length or the C‐terminal end of PSMA (2002)

For experimental immunotherapy of prostate cancer, we used a model system to target a defined region of the extracellular domain of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is a surface antigen expressed by prostate epithelium that is upregulated approximately 10-fold in most prostate tumors. We vaccinated BALB/c mice with NIH3T3 cells cotransfected with pST/neo plus pEF-BOS-based vectors expressing either the full-length 750-amino acid human PSMA or only the C-terminal 180-amino acid region (PSMc). PSMc lies C-terminal to the transferrin receptor-like sequence in the extracellular domain of PSMA. BALB/c mice were injected i.p. 4 times at weekly intervals with vaccine cells. Vaccinated mice were then challenged s.c. with Renca/PSMA, a BALB/c renal cell carcinoma line transfected to express human PSMA. Growth of Renca/PSMA tumors was substantially retarded and host survival significantly prolonged in mice prevaccinated with either 3T3/PSMA or 3T3/PSMc. Furthermore, antiserum from vaccinated mice intensely immunocytochemically stained LNCaP, a PSMA-positive human prostate cancer cell line. In contrast, control mice similarly prevaccinated i.p. with 3T3/neo (NIH3T3 cells transfected with pST/neo alone) developed Renca/PSMA tumors, which were palpable within 2 weeks and lethal by 5 weeks. Serum from 3T3/neo-vaccinated mice did not immunocytochemically stain LNCaP cells. The antitumor activity induced by vaccination with 3T3/PSMc was also demonstrated via growth inhibition of established LNCaP tumors xenografted in athymic mice following passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated mice. Our results suggest that vaccination with PSMc induces adaptive humoral activity, which is directed against the extracellular region of human PSMA and can significantly inhibit human prostate cancer growth in athymic mice, and that administration of antibodies to PSMA may provide a passive treatment modality for immunocompromised patients.
Placebo Effects Mediated by Endogenous Opioid Activity on μ-Opioid Receptors (2005)

Reductions in pain ratings when administered a placebo with expected analgesic properties have been described and hypothesized to be mediated by the pain-suppressive endogenous opioid system. Using molecular imaging techniques, we directly examined the activity of the endogenous opioid system on mu-opioid receptors in humans in sustained pain with and without the administration of a placebo. Significant placebo-induced activation of mu-opioid receptor-mediated neurotransmission was observed in both higher-order and sub-cortical brain regions, which included the pregenual and subgenual rostral anterior cingulate, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the insular cortex, and the nucleus accumbens. Regional activations were paralleled by lower ratings of pain intensity, reductions in its sensory and affective qualities, and in the negative emotional state of the volunteers. These data demonstrate that cognitive factors (e.g., expectation of pain relief) are capable of modulating physical and emotional states through the site-specific activation of mu-opioid receptor signaling in the human brain.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated from Patients with ALS Can Be Differentiated into Motor Neurons (2008)

The generation of pluripotent stem cells from an individual patient would enable the large-scale production of the cell types affected by that patient's disease. These cells could in turn be used for disease modeling, drug discovery, and eventually autologous cell replacement therapies. Although recent studies have demonstrated the reprogramming of human fibroblasts to a pluripotent state, it remains unclear whether these induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be produced directly from elderly patients with chronic disease. We have generated iPS cells from an 82-year-old woman diagnosed with a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These patient-specific iPS cells possess properties of embryonic stem cells and were successfully directed to differentiate into motor neurons, the cell type destroyed in ALS.
Carbon nanotubes, buckyballs, ropes, and a universal graphitic potential (2000)

The potential energies of interaction between two parallel, infinitely long carbon nanotubes of the same diameter, and between ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and a nanotube in various arrangements, were computed by assuming a continuous distribution of atoms on the tube and ball surfaces and using a Lennard-Jones (LJ) carbon-carbon potential. The constants in the LJ potential are different for graphene-graphene and ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ interactions. From these, the constants for tube-${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ interactions were estimated using averaging rules from the theory of dispersion forces. For tubes in ropes, the cohesive energy per unit length, the compressibility, and the equilibrium separation distance were computed as a function of tube radius. For a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule interacting with tubes, the binding energy inside a tube was much higher than on a tube or at the tube mouth. Within a tube, the binding energy was highest at a spherically capped end. The potential energies for tubes of all radii, as well as for interactions between ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules, for a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule outside of a nanotube, between a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule and a graphene sheet, and between graphene sheets, all fell on the same curve when plotted in terms of certain reduced parameters. Because of this, all the potentials can be represented by a simple analytic form, thereby greatly simplifying all computations of van der Waals interactions in graphitic systems. Binding-energy results were all consistent with the recently proposed mechanism of peapod formation based on transmission electron microscopy experiments.