gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yield management: A tool for capacity‐considered service firms (1989)

Abstract Airlines typically sell their seats for a variety of different fares. If customers make reservations early, low fares might be available, but if customers call at the last minute, they will probably have to pay the full fare. Since deregulation, early all airlines have been using a technique called yield management. Yield management allows the airlines to allocate their fixed capacity of seats in the most profitable manner possible. Since the airline's inventory of seats is perishable, the airlines must have a method of quickly and accurately allocating potential demand to capacity. The airline industry has been in the forefront of using management, but yield management has potential application to any firm constrained by capacity. Other services which have adopted yield management include the lodging, rental car, delivery service, rail and cruise line industries. The objective of yield management is to maximize the revenue or yield of the firm. A good yield management system will help the firm decide how much of each type of inventory (whether it be seats on an airplane, rooms in a hotel, or cars in a rental car fleet) to allocate to different types of demand. This article attempts to structure the concept of yield management by reviewing current literature, classifying types of solution approaches, discussing the managerial implications of yield management and presenting a future research agenda. While corporate research on yield management has been performed, most firms are understandably reluctant to share the results of their research with others. Operations management researchers could assist small and medium sized capacity‐constrained firms by developing simple and accurate yield management techniques. The intent of the paper is to focus attention n the yield management and stimulate practical and theoretical research in this area.
Chiral separation in capillary electrophoresis (1995)

A mathematical model which explains separation in chiral capillary electrophoresis is presented. The model is analysed to give a more general solution than previous work and is supported by further experimental work.
An Antibody–Drug Conjugate Directed against Lymphocyte Antigen 6 Complex, Locus E (LY6E) Provides Robust Tumor Killing in a Wide Range of Solid Tumor Malignancies (2015)

Our results identify LY6E as a highly promising molecular ADC target for a variety of solid tumor types with current unmet medical need.
Deriving and verifying time-optimal commands for linear systems (1997)

In high-performance systems that require rapid and precise motion, time-optimal control techniques are regularly employed. Recently proposed techniques have demonstrated that these time-optimal commands can be derived for systems with complicated linear dynamics. When coupled with a strategy for verifying optimality, this derivation scheme can be guaranteed to yield only time-optimal results. The paper outlines a general method for deriving commands and then describes a detailed procedure for verifying their optimality. Experimental results reveal that this approach is both practical and effective.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(chlorin)s from the McMurry Reaction of Formylchlorins (1996)

The first ethylene-bridged bis(chlorins) (for example 1) were obtained by coupling reactions of formylchlorins, either as the nickel(II) or zinc(II) complexes, with lowvalent titanium. They can be partially oxidized at reflux in toluene/acetic acid to afford trans-chlorin/porphyrin compounds, or fully oxidized with isomerization to the cis-configured bis(porphyrin)s.
Images of Obsession (1987)

E very day, a young woman shakes her clothes for a half hour and washes herself for up to six hours, haunted by the thought that germs might infect her with a deadly disease. A man cannot prevent himself from driving back to check every place on the road where he has hit a bump, because thoughts that he has run someone over torment him at every turn. Another man stops cooking for fear he will poison his wife and refuses to use electrical appliances because he worries about causing a fire. These people illustrate some of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a strange brew of recurrent ideas and impulses that are often experienced as repugnant (obsessions) mixed with ritualistic, seemingly senseless behaviors aimed at preventing harm and warding off anxiety (compulsions). An estimated 2 percent of the adult population in the United States suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder at some time in their lives, and one-third of them develop the disorder during childhood. French physician and psychologist Pierre Janet described obsessive-compulsive disorder, using the term psychasthenia, in a classic 1903 publication. Not long afterward, Sigmund Freud conceived of obsessions and compulsions in his patients as complex psychological defenses used to deal with unconscious sexual and aggressive conflicts. In contrast with this long history of clinical observation, little is known about what parts of the brain help to produce the disorder's bizarre thoughts and acts. But that is beginning to change. In the March ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY, scientists at the University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine suggest that there is an imbalance in the energy-conversion rates of two structures in the frontal lobes of obsessivecompulsives. The two brain regions normally work together to help channel and control incoming sensations and perceptions. While this metabolic mismatch accompanies obsessive-compulsive symptoms, says psychiatrist and project director Lewis R. Baxter Jr., it is not necessarily a cause of the disorder.
The Fanconi Anemia/BRCA pathway: new faces in the crowd (2005)

Over the past few years, study of the rare inherited chromosome instability disorder, Fanconi Anemia (FA), has uncovered a novel DNA damage response pathway. Through the cooperation of multiple proteins, this pathway regulates a complicated cellular response to DNA cross-linking agents and other genotoxic stresses. In this article we review recent data identifying new components of the FA pathway that implicate it in several aspects of the DNA damage response, including the direct processing of DNA, translesion synthesis, homologous recombination, and cell cycle regulation. We also discuss new findings that explain how the FA pathway is regulated through the processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination. We then consider the clinical implications of our current understanding of the FA pathway, particularly in the development and treatment of malignancy in heterozygous carriers of FA mutations or in patients with sporadic cancers. We consider how recent studies of p53-mediated apoptosis and loss of p53 function in models of FA may help explain the clinical features of the disease and finally present a hypothesis to account for the specificity of the FA pathway in the response to DNA cross-links.
Profound Loss of Layer II Entorhinal Cortex Neurons Occurs in Very Mild Alzheimer’s Disease (1996)

The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting the neocortex and the hippocampal formation. Layer II of the EC gives rise to the perforant pathway, the major source of the excitatory input to the hippocampus, and layer IV receives a major hippocampal efferent projection. The EC is affected severely in Alzheimer disease (AD), likely contributing to memory impairment. We applied stereological principles of neuron counting to determine whether neuronal loss occurs in the EC in the very early stages of AD. We studied 20 individuals who at death had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0 (cognitively normal), 0.5 (very mild), 1 (mild), or 3 (severe cognitive impairment). Lamina-specific neuronal counts were carried out on sections representing the entire EC. In the cognitively normal (CDR = 0) individuals, there were approximately 650,000 neurons in layer II, 1 million neurons in layer IV, and 7 million neurons in the entire EC. The number of neurons remained constant between 60 and 90 years of age. The group with the mildest clinically detectable dementia (CDR = 0.5), all of whom had sufficient neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD, had 32% fewer EC neurons than controls. Decreases in individual lamina were even more dramatic, with the number of neurons in layer II decreasing by 60% and in layer IV by 40% compared with controls. In the severe dementia cases (CDR = 3), the number of neurons in layer II decreased by approximately 90%, and the number of neurons in layer IV decreased by approximately 70% compared with controls. Neuronal number in AD was inversely proportional to NFT formation and neuritic plaques, but was not related significantly to diffuse plaques or to total plaques. These results support the conclusion that a marked decrement of layer II neurons distinguishes even very mild AD from nondemented aging.
CRISPR-Cas9 DNA Base-Editing and Prime-Editing (2020)

Many genetic diseases and undesirable traits are due to base-pair alterations in genomic DNA. Base-editing, the newest evolution of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas-based technologies, can directly install point-mutations in cellular DNA without inducing a double-strand DNA break (DSB). Two classes of DNA base-editors have been described thus far, cytosine base-editors (CBEs) and adenine base-editors (ABEs). Recently, prime-editing (PE) has further expanded the CRISPR-base-edit toolkit to all twelve possible transition and transversion mutations, as well as small insertion or deletion mutations. Safe and efficient delivery of editing systems to target cells is one of the most paramount and challenging components for the therapeutic success of BEs. Due to its broad tropism, well-studied serotypes, and reduced immunogenicity, adeno-associated vector (AAV) has emerged as the leading platform for viral delivery of genome editing agents, including DNA-base-editors. In this review, we describe the development of various base-editors, assess their technical advantages and limitations, and discuss their therapeutic potential to treat debilitating human diseases.
Studies on the Fibrinogen, Dextran and Phytohemagglutinin Methods of Isolating Leukocytes (1956)

Abstract Studies are presented on the dextran, fibrinogen, and phytohemagglutinin methods of leukocyte separation. Optimal conditions, obtainable yields, detailed directions, advantages and disadvantages of each procedure are presented. It is shown that by using these methods in combinations, leukocyte suspensions of extreme purity may be obtained.
Expression of fgf and fgf receptor genes in human breast cancer (1995)

The family of FGF growth factors is involved in several biological processes and might play an important role in tumorigenesis. We have studied the respective expression of 8 of the 9 characterized FGF genes, and of the 4 known FGF receptor genes, in a panel of 10 tumor-cell lines and 103 breast-tumor samples, using RT-PCR and Northern-blot analyses. FGF1 and FGF2 were expressed in almost all samples, while expression of FGF5, FGF6, FGF7, and FGF9 was more restricted. FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR4 were expressed at high levels in respectively 22%, 4% and 32% of tumors. FGFR3 expression was not detected. The transcript encoding an FGFR1 isoform with 2 immunoglobulin-like domains was the most prevalent.
A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical SystemsIII The Sohncke Theory of Optical Activity (1941)

Reusch and Sohncke have examined the properties of a system containing a large number n of identical retardation plates, each of which is rotated with respect to the one preceding it through the angle ω. The product of n and ω must be equal to μπ, where μ is an integer. Under certain conditions this system is optically equivalent to a simple rotator. This system, which would be very difficult to examine by ordinary methods, is given a treatment which is completely rigorous and which is more general than any given heretofore.
Temporal Release, Paracrine and Endocrine Actions of Ovine Conceptus-Derived Interferon-Tau During Early Pregnancy1 (2015)

The antiviral activity of interferon (IFN) increases in uterine vein serum (UVS) during early pregnancy in sheep. This antiviral activity in UVS collected on Day 15 of pregnancy is blocked by anti-IFN-tau (anti-IFNT) antibodies. Conceptus-derived IFNT was hypothesized to induce IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in endometrium and extrauterine tissues during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, blood was collected from ewes on Days 12-16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Serum progesterone was >1.7 ng/ml in pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) ewes until Day 13, then declined to <0.6 ng/ml by Day 15 in NP ewes. A validated IFNT radioimmunoassay detected IFNT in uterine flushings (UFs) on Days 13-16 and in UVS on Days 15-16 of pregnancy. IFNT detection in UF correlated with paracrine induction of ISGs in the endometrium and occurred prior to the inhibition of estrogen receptor 1 and oxytocin receptor expression in uterine epithelia on Day 14 of pregnancy. Induction of ISG mRNAs in corpus luteum (CL) and liver tissue occurred by Day 14 and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Day 15 in P ewes. Expression of mRNAs for IFN signal transducers and ISGs were greater in the CL of P than that of NP ewes on Day 14. It is concluded that: 1) paracrine actions of IFNT coincide with detection of IFNT in UF; 2) endocrine action of IFNT ensues through induction of ISGs in peripheral tissues; and 3) IFNT can be detected in UVS, but not until Days 15-16 of pregnancy, which may be limited by the sensitivity of the IFNT radioimmunoassay.
Integrated generic architecture for flexible service provision to mobile users (2002)

The evolution of 3/sup rd/ generation mobile systems introduces a new era in advanced multimedia service provision to mobile users. The concepts of service adaptability, downloadability and network reconfigurability based on terminal and user profiles and capabilities are aspects to be considered in the context of future mobile systems and networks enabling new approaches in service provision. A generic architecture and functionality is presented for third party service registration, discovery, management and adaptable provision to mobile users.
Thirteen UDPglucuronosyltransferase genes are encoded at the human UGT1 gene complex locus (2001)

The original novel UGT1 complex locus previously shown to encode six different UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (transferase) genes has been extended and demonstrated to specify a total of 13 isoforms. The genes are designated UGT1A1 through UGT1A13p with four pseudo ones. UGT1A2p and UGT1A11p through UGT1A13p have either nucleotide deletions or flawed TATA boxes and are therefore pseudo. In the 5' region of the locus, the 13 unique exons 1 are arranged in a tandem array with each having its own proximal TATA box element and, in turn, are linked to four common exons to allow for the independent transcriptional initiation to generate overlapping primary transcripts. Only the lead exon in the nine viable primary transcripts is predicted to undergo splicing to the four common exons generating mRNAs with identical 3' ends and transferase isozymes with an identical carboxyl terminus. The unique amino terminus specifies acceptor-substrate selection, and the common carboxyl terminus apparently specifies the interaction with the common donor substrate, UDP-glucuronic acid. In the extended region, the viable TATA boxes are either A(A)TgA(AA)T or AT14AT; in the original locus the element for UGT1A1 is A(TA)7A and TAATT/CAA(A) for all of the other genes. UGT1A1 specifies the critically important bilirubin transferase isoform. The relationships of the exons 1 to each other are as follows: UGT1A2p through UGT1A5 comprises a cluster A that is 87-92% identical, and UGT1A7 through UGT1A13p comprises a cluster B that is 67-91% identical. For the two not included in a cluster, UGT1A1 is more identical to cluster A at 60-63%, whereas UGT1A6 is identical by between 48% and 56% to all other unique exons. The locus was expanded from 95 kb to 218 kb. Extensive probing of clones beyond 218 kb with coding nucleotides for a highly conserved amino acid sequence present in all transferases was unable to detect other exons 1. The mRNAs are differentially expressed in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. This locus is indeed novel, indicating the least usage of exon sequences in specifying different transferase isozymes that have an expansive substrate range.
Two Active Site Divalent Ions in the Crystal Structure of the Hammerhead Ribozyme Bound to a Transition State Analogue (2015)

The crystal structure of the hammerhead ribozyme bound to the pentavalent transition state analogue vanadate reveals significant rearrangements relative to the previously determined structures. The active site contracts, bringing G10.1 closer to the cleavage site and repositioning a divalent metal ion such that it could, ultimately, interact directly with the scissile phosphate. This ion could also position a water molecule to serve as a general acid in the cleavage reaction. A second divalent ion is observed coordinated to O6 of G12. This metal ion is well-placed to help tune the pKA of G12. On the basis of this crystal structure as well as a wealth of biochemical studies, we propose a mechanism in which G12 serves as the general base and a magnesium-bound water serves as a general acid.
Macrocyclization of Linear Peptides Enabled by Amphoteric Molecules (2010)

There has been enormous interest in both naturally occurring and synthetic cyclic peptides as scaffolds that preorganize a given amino acid sequence into a rigid conformation. Such molecules have been employed as nanomaterials, imaging agents, and therapeutics. Unfortunately, the laboratory synthesis of cyclic peptides directly from linear precursors is afflicted by several thermodynamic and kinetic challenges, resulting in low chemical yields and poor chemo- and stereoselectivities. Here we report that amphoteric amino aldehydes can be used for efficient syntheses of cyclic peptides in high yields and selectivities starting from alpha-amino acids or linear peptides. The cyclizations effectively operate at unusually high molar concentrations (0.2 M), while side processes such as epimerization and cyclodimerization are not observed. The products are equipped with sites that allow for a highly specific, late-stage structural modification. The overall efficiency of the macrocyclization is due to the coexistence of nucleophilic and electrophilic reaction centers in amphoteric amino aldehydes.
Abstract 3998: The role of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (2012)

Abstract Background and aims: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer which occurs in high frequency in Southern China. The identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers will be highly beneficial for early stage NPC detection. Previous microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) studies showed that the transfer of an intact human chromosome 11 suppresses the in vivo tumor growth of a NPC cell line (HONE1) in nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. We aim to identify candidate genes which are associated with tumor suppression in NPC. Methods: Differential expression analysis of 19K genes was performed in oligonucleotide microarray hybridization for the chromosome 11 microcell hybrids (MCHs)/ tumor segregants (TSs) pairs to hunt for some other unknown NPC genes. The gene expression of the candidate gene was examined in the NPC cell lines and tumor tissues. Functional analysis of restoration of the candidate gene expression was studied. Results: Using oligonucleotide microarray analysis, Serum Amyloid A 1 (SAA1), mapping close to 11p15.1, was identified as showing consistent down-regulated expression in the TSs, as compared to their parental tumor-suppressing MCHs. Gene expression and protein analyses show that SAA1 was not expressed in the NPC HONE1 recipient cells, tumor segregants, and other NPC cell lines; SAA1 was exclusively expressed in the non-tumorigenic MCHs. The mechanism of SAA1 gene inactivation in these NPC cell lines was attributed to hypermethylation. The clinical relevance of SAA1 in NPC was examined by RT-PCR; 54.8% (23/42) of NPC specimens showed either down-regulation or loss of SAA1 gene expression. After transfection of SAA1 gene into HONE1 cells, a dramatic reduction of colony formation ability was observed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SAA1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in NPC. Acknowledgments Grant support: Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China grant HKU772309 (H.L. Lung) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3998. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3998
Levels of plasma-bound iron in experimental shock in the rabbit and dog (1960)

In order to determine whether plasma iron becomes elevated in other forms of experimental shock as it does in hemorrhagic shock, plasma iron was measured in rabbits subjected to lethal doses of endotoxin or infused with lethal amounts of catecholamines, and in dogs in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion shock. Patterns obtained from these animals were compared with those obtained from rabbits and dogs shocked by hemorrhagic hypotension. In both species hemorrhagic hypotension caused marked elevations in plasma iron, while iron levels were depressed in rabbits treated with endotoxin or lethal infusions of catecholamines and in dogs in shock following SMA-occlusion. The implications of these observations are discussed with respect to differences in tissue oxygen supply in normovolemic and hypovolemic forms of shock and with respect to the presumed role of hyperferremia in the vasculotoxic sequelae of the shock syndrome.
GanedenBC30™ cell wall and metabolites: anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects in vitro (2010)

The data suggest that consumption of GanedenBC30TM may introduce both cell wall components and metabolites that modulate inflammatory processes in the gut. Both the cell wall and the supernatant possess strong immune modulating properties in vitro. The anti-inflammatory effects, combined with direct induction of IL-10, are of interest with respect to possible treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases as well as in support of a healthy immune system.
Determination of Transgene Repeat Formation and Promoter Methylation in Transgenic Plants (2000)

The integration of transgenes into a plant host genome following Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated or direct transformation may occur as a single copy or in the form of tandem repeats. The latter has been associated with promoter methylation and silencing of transgenes. Thus, the early screening of such transgenic plants is desirable for ruling out future repeat-dependent transgene instability. We developed a simple PCR-based method in which primer pairs were specifically designed so that amplifications could only be obtained if the transgene was present in the form of multiple inserts in a transgenic line. The method was established using 35S-rolC transgenic aspen lines showing morphologically visible transgenic silencing. Later, it was possible to screen independent transgenic lines showing no visible marker gene expression. Furthermore, a method was developed in which positive PCR amplification was indicative of promoter methylation. The results were consistent and reproducible across different independent transgenic lines. The methods were quick, reliable, consistent and reproducible, and can be useful for routine screening of transgene silencing in lines derived from many different systems.