gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Control of Immunoreactive Somatomedin Production by Cultured Human Fibroblasts (1981)

Human growth hormone (hGH) is known to be a potent stimulator of somatomedin secretion in vivo. The induction of somatomedin by growth hormone has been difficult to study in vitro, however, because no organ containing a high concentration of somatomedin has been identified. Because fetal mouse explants have been shown to produce somatomedin in vitro, we have undertaken studies to determine whether postnatal human fibroblast monolayers also produce somatomedin, and if so, whether its production is regulated by other hormones. Quiescent human fibroblasts were exposed to serum-free minimum essential medium, and the medium was assayed for somatomedin concentration using a specific radioimmunoassay for somatomedin-C. A progressive rise in immunoreactive somatomedin to 0.08 U/ml per 10(5) cells per 24 h was observed over 72 h of incubation. This was an underestimation of the actual concentration of immunoreactive somatomedin since the amount measured following acid treatment was at least fourfold higher than in the untreated medium. Growth hormone stimulated immunoreactive somatomedin production in a dose-dependent manner: 5 ng hGH/ml = 0.1 U/ml per 10(5) cells; 50 ng hGH/ml = 0.25 U/ml per 10(5) cells. Platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were also stimulatory, but epidermal growth factor, thyroxine, or cortisol had no effect. Media that had been exposed to human fibroblasts stimulated DNA synthesis in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts (a cell type that does not produce somatomedin). Medium-derived immuno-reactive somatomedin eluted from Sephacryl S-200 in two major peaks (150,000 and 8,000 mol wt). The higher molecular weight peak is similar to the one observed when whole serum was used. These studies provide a model system for studying the humoral and nonhumoral factors that control the biosynthesis of somatomedin by human tissues. Since immunoreactive somatomedin production may be a rate-limiting factor for fibroblast growth, the delineation of the hormonal control of somatomedin production should lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling human fibroblast growth.
Enhancing the Performance of Spectroscopic Interferometers Using Slow-Light Media (2007)

We show both theoretically and experimentally that the spectral sensitivity/resolution of an interferometer can be enhanced by introducing a slow-light medium into it, and the enhancement factor equals to the group index of the medium.
SAG, a Novel Zinc RING Finger Protein That Protects Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Redox Agents (1999)

SAG (sensitive to apoptosis gene) was cloned as an inducible gene by 1,10-phenanthroline (OP), a redox-sensitive compound and an apoptosis inducer. SAG encodes a novel zinc RING finger protein that consists of 113 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 12.6 kDa. SAG is highly conserved during evolution, with identities of 70% between human and Caenorhabditis elegans sequences and 55% between human and yeast sequences. In human tissues, SAG is ubiquitously expressed at high levels in skeletal muscles, heart, and testis. SAG is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, and its gene was mapped to chromosome 3q22-24. Bacterially expressed and purified human SAG binds to zinc and copper metal ions and prevents lipid peroxidation induced by copper or a free radical generator. When overexpressed in several human cell lines, SAG protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents (the metal chelator OP and zinc or copper metal ions). Mechanistically, SAG appears to inhibit and/or delay metal ion-induced cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Thus, SAG is a cellular protective molecule that appears to act as an antioxidant to inhibit apoptosis induced by metal ions and reactive oxygen species.
Living Radical Polymerization by Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Holding Initiators:  Precision Synthesis of Tadpole-Shaped Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Polymers (2004)

Incompletely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) with the highly reactive group of trisodium silanolate was used for the synthesis of two initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization, one with a 2-bromoisobutyl group and the other with a chlorosulfonyl group. These initiators were applied to solution polymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate in the presence of a copper complex. In both systems, polymerization proceeded in a living fashion, as indicated by the first-order kinetics of monomer consumption, the evolution of molecular weight in direct proportion to monomer conversion, the good agreement of molecular weight with the theoretical one, and the low polydispersity, thus providing tadpole-shaped polymers with an “inorganic head” of POSS and an “organic tail” of well-defined polymer. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies showed that both thermal degradation and glass transition temperatures of the organic/inorganic hybrid polymers with molecular weights up to about 20 000 were enhanced as compared to those of model polymers without the POSS moiety.
In vivo inhibition of rat stellate cell activation by soluble transforming growth factor β type II receptor: A potential new therapy for hepatic fibrosis (1999)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a well characterized cytokine that appears to play a major role in directing the cellular response to injury, driving fibrogenesis, and, thus, potentially underlying the progression of chronic injury to fibrosis. In this study, we report the use of a novel TGF-beta receptor antagonist to block fibrogenesis induced by ligation of the common bile duct in rats. The antagonist consisted of a chimeric IgG containing the extracellular portion of the TGF-beta type II receptor. This "soluble receptor" was infused at the time of injury; in some experiments it was given at 4 days after injury, as a test of its ability to reverse fibrogenesis. The latter was assessed by expression of collagen, both as the mRNA in stellate cells isolated from control or injured liver and also by quantitative histochemistry of tissue sections. When the soluble receptor was administered at the time of injury, collagen I mRNA in stellate cells from the injured liver was 26% of that from animals receiving control IgG (P < 0.0002); when soluble receptor was given after injury induction, collagen I expression was 35% of that in control stellate cells (P < 0.0001). By quantitative histochemistry, hepatic fibrosis in treated animals was 55% of that in controls. We conclude that soluble TGF-beta receptor is an effective inhibitor of experimental fibrogenesis in vivo and merits clinical evaluation as a novel agent for controlling hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver injury.
Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa Features a Specific Epithelial Expression Pattern of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (2008)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the first step in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. During inflammation IDO can be induced in different cell types resulting in local tryptophan depletion. This inhibits T cell proliferation and may induce apoptosis. High expression of IDO was previously found in inflammatory bowel disease and is thought to represent a mechanism for downregulation of the local immune response. Our aim is to investigate the expression pattern of IDO in normal and inflamed murine and human intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining for IDO was performed on paraffin sections of colon of two mouse models for colitis and their controls and on paraffin sections of human ileum and colon in normal and two different inflammatory conditions, namely inflammatory bowel disease and diverticulitis. IDO immunohistochemistry showed similar results in murine and human tissue. In normal, as well as in inflamed mucosa, some mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were positive for IDO. In inflamed mucosa a specific expression pattern of epithelial IDO was found where epithelial cells flanking ulcers or bordering crypt abscesses showed high IDO expression. Moreover, in human intestinal inflammation, IDO was expressed in ulcer associated cell lineage. Since bacterial invasion is more pronounced in erosions and in crypt abscesses and since IDO activity and the resulting local tryptophan depletion can cause growth arrest of several tryptophan-dependent microorganisms, IDO expression in the vicinity of interruptions of the epithelial barrier may point to a role for IDO as a local anti-infectious agent. Furthermore, expression of IDO at the margin of ulcerations and in the reparative ulcer-associated cell lineage suggests involvement of IDO in repair processes.
New Porphycene Ligands: Octaethyl‐ and Etioporphycene (OEPc and EtioPc)—Tetra‐ and Pentacoordinated Zinc Complexes of OEPc (1993)

Steric interactions of the substituents weaken the strong NH … N hydrogen bonds (typical for porphycenes) in 1 (R = Me, Et) by increasing the N … N distance. As a consequence the coordination of metal ions, in particular of Zn2+ ions, is facilitated. These findings can be expected to give impetus to the research into metalloporphycenes.
Peroxisomal lignoceroyl-CoA ligase deficiency in childhood adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy. (1988)

We previously reported that in childhood adrenoleukodystrophy (C-ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system for very long chain (greater than C22) fatty acids is defective. To further define the defect in these two forms of X chromosome-linked ALD, we examined the oxidation of [1-14C]lignoceric acid (n-tetracosanoic acid, C24:0) and [1-14C]lignoceroyl-CoA (substrates for the first and second steps of beta-oxidation, respectively). The oxidation rates of lignoceric acid in C-ALD and AMN were 43% and 36% of control values, respectively, whereas the oxidation rate of lignoceroyl-CoA was 109% (C-ALD) and 106% (AMN) of control values, respectively. On the other hand, the oxidation rates of palmitic acid (n-hexadecanoic acid) and palmitoyl-CoA in C-ALD and AMN were similar to the control values. These results suggest that lignoceroyl-CoA ligase activity may be impaired in C-ALD and AMN. To identify the specific enzymatic deficiency and its subcellular localization in C-ALD and AMN, we established a modified procedure for the subcellular fractionation of cultured skin fibroblasts. Determination of acyl-CoA ligase activities provided direct evidence that lignoceroyl-CoA ligase is deficient in peroxisomes while it is normal in mitochondrial and microsomes. Moreover, the normal oxidation of lignoceroyl-CoA as compared with the deficient oxidation of lignoceric acid in isolated peroxisomes also supports the conclusion that peroxisomal lignoceroyl-CoA ligase is impaired in both C-ALD and AMN. Palmitoyl-Coa ligase activity was found to be normal in peroxisomes as well as in mitochondria and microsomes. This normal peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA ligase activity as compared with the deficient activity of lignoceroyl-CoA ligase in C-ALD and AMN suggests the presence of two separate acyl-CoA ligases for palmitic and lignoceric acids in peroxisomes. These data clearly demonstrate that the pathognomonic accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in C-ALD and AMN is due to a deficiency of peroxisomal very long chain (lignoceric acid) acyl-CoA ligase.
Standing, walking, running, and jumping on a force plate (1999)

Details are given of an inexpensive force plate designed to measure ground reaction forces involved in human movement. Such measurements provide interesting demonstrations of relations between displacement, velocity, and acceleration, and illustrate aspects of mechanics that are not normally encountered in a conventional mechanics course, or that are more commonly associated with inanimate objects. When walking, the center of mass follows a curved path. The centripetal force is easily measured and it provides an upper limit to the speed at which a person can walk. When running, the legs behave like simple springs and the center of mass follows a path that is the same as that of a perfectly elastic bouncing ball.
Micellar Inorganic-Polymer Hybrid Systems—A Tool for Nanolithography (1999)

A approach to nanolithography based on the self-assembly and formation of mono-micellar films of a diblock-copolymer is reported. The Figure shows the formation of islands using an inorganically modified micellar mask. Au3+ in the micelles leads to islands while the formation of a Au-nanoparticle in each single micelle results in holes, owing to an inversion of the etching rate.
Protein isolation from herring (2005)

The main aim of the project Protein Isolation from Herring was to scale up a new protein isolation technique from lab scale to a continuous pilot plant scale with herring as raw material. Other parts of the project included optimisation of the process on lab scale with herring to facilitate the scale up and to develop methodologies for further processing of the protein isolate produced in the plant by developing dehydration and surimi processing. By reaching those aims the long term vision of the project is that the protein isolate process will increase the part of the Nordic herring catch being used for food production increasing its value and open up new opportunities for the Nordic fish processing industry.
STRAP and Smad7 Synergize in the Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling (2000)

Smad proteins play a key role in the intracellular signaling of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of extracellular polypeptides that initiate signaling from the cell surface through serine/threonine kinase receptors. A subclass of Smad proteins, including Smad6 and Smad7, has been shown to function as intracellular antagonists of TGF-beta family signaling. We have previously reported the identification of a WD40 repeat protein, STRAP, that associates with both type I and type II TGF-beta receptors and that is involved in TGF-beta signaling. Here we demonstrate that STRAP synergizes specifically with Smad7, but not with Smad6, in the inhibition of TGF-beta-induced transcriptional responses. STRAP does not show cooperation with a C-terminal deletion mutant of Smad7 that does not bind with the receptor and consequently has no inhibitory activity. STRAP associates stably with Smad7, but not with the Smad7 mutant. STRAP recruits Smad7 to the activated type I receptor and forms a complex. Moreover, STRAP stabilizes the association between Smad7 and the activated receptor, thus assisting Smad7 in preventing Smad2 and Smad3 access to the receptor. STRAP interacts with Smad2 and Smad3 but does not cooperate functionally with these Smads to transactivate TGF-beta-dependent transcription. The C terminus of STRAP is required for its phosphorylation in vivo, which is dependent on the TGF-beta receptor kinases. Thus, we describe a mechanism to explain how STRAP and Smad7 function synergistically to block TGF-beta-induced transcriptional activation.
Advanced composite high-&#x03BA; gate stack for mixed anion arsenide-antimonide quantum well transistors (2010)

This paper demonstrates the integration of a composite high-κ gate stack (3.3 nm Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -1.0 nm GaSb) with a mixed anion InAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> quantum-well field effect transistor (QWFET). The composite gate stack achieves; (i) EOT of 4.2 nm with <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> gate leakage (ii) low D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> interface (~1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /eV) (iii) high drift μ of 3,900-5,060 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s at N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> of 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> -3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The InAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.8</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.2</sub> MOS-QWFETs with composite gate stack exhibit extrinsic (intrinsic) g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> of 334 (502) μS/μm and drive current of 380 μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0.5V for Lg=1μm.
Cas9-mediated genome editing in the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans (2017)

Although Cas9-mediated genome editing has proven to be a powerful genetic tool in eukaryotes, its application in Bacteria has been limited because of inefficient targeting or repair; and its application to Archaea has yet to be reported. Here we describe the development of a Cas9-mediated genome-editing tool that allows facile genetic manipulation of the slow-growing methanogenic archaeon <i>Methanosarcina acetivorans</i> Introduction of both insertions and deletions by homology-directed repair was remarkably efficient and precise, occurring at a frequency of approximately 20% relative to the transformation efficiency, with the desired mutation being found in essentially all transformants examined. Off-target activity was not observed. We also observed that multiple single-guide RNAs could be expressed in the same transcript, reducing the size of mutagenic plasmids and simultaneously simplifying their design. Cas9-mediated genome editing reduces the time needed to construct mutants by more than half (3 vs. 8 wk) and allows simultaneous construction of double mutants with high efficiency, exponentially decreasing the time needed for complex strain constructions. Furthermore, coexpression the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery from the closely related archaeon, <i>Methanocella paludicola</i>, allowed efficient Cas9-mediated genome editing without the need for a repair template. The NHEJ-dependent mutations included deletions ranging from 75 to 2.7 kb in length, most of which appear to have occurred at regions of naturally occurring microhomology. The combination of homology-directed repair-dependent and NHEJ-dependent genome-editing tools comprises a powerful genetic system that enables facile insertion and deletion of genes, rational modification of gene expression, and testing of gene essentiality.
Rapamycin, Autophagy, and Alzheimer's Disease. (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and multiple pathological lesions. At the molecular level, AD is characterized by overt amyloid β (Aβ) production and tau hyper-phosphorylation. Hence, pharmacological agents that can attenuate Aβ accumulation and tau hyper-phosphorylation have potential promise for treatment of AD. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is believed to be one of such pharmacological agents. It is neuroprotective in neurodegenerative diseases and its primary action is thought to be via enhancement of autophagy, a biological process that not only facilitates the clearance of mutant proteins but also significantly reduces the build-up of toxic protein aggregates such as Aβ. Since rapamycin enhancement of autophagy has been associated with abrogation of AD pathological processes such as clearance of Aβ and neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs) as well as reduction of tau hyper-phosphorylation and improvement of cognition, rapamycin is emerging as a potential therapeutic compound for AD.
Sketching interfaces for computer graphics (2009)

Sketching interfaces are emerging as an alternative authoring method for computer graphics. They allow casual users to create meaningful 3D models and animations quickly without intensive training. This course introduces several sketching systems for computer graphics authoring developed by the presenter as well as some notable systems developed by others. Using live demonstration and videos, the course presents various sketch-based techniques such as geometric modeling, deformation, and animation authoring, and summarizes important issues that should be considered in design of successful sketching interfaces.
Transdifferentiation of pigmented multipotent epithelium during morphallactic development of budding tunicates (1994)

In the budding tunicate, Polyandrocarpa misakiensis, the atrial epithelium is the major formative tissue giving rise to the pharynx, digestive tract, brain and endostyle of a bud. We show here that this multipotent epithelium carries several differentiation markers that are lost in the process of bud development. In both adult animals and growing buds, the atrial epithelium contained orange-pigmented granules in the cytoplasm. In developing buds, on the other hand, the cells committed to organ primordia have lost the granules, taken a cuboidal shape and have a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, like undifferentiated cells. The atrial epithelium was also characterized by ALP expressed on the apical surface of the cell. During budding the enzyme activity disappeared from the atrial epithelium and reappeared in the primordial digestive tract. Immunohistochemical studies suggested strongly that during gut formation, ALP antigens has been switched from the epithelial isoform to the intestinal isoform. These results have shown that in P. misakiensis budding involves transdifferentiation of multipotent, but differentiated epithelium, confirming our previous results (Fujiwara and Kawamura, Dev. Growth Differ. 34:463-472, 1992).
The Evaluation of Recombinant, Chimeric, Tetravalent Antihuman CD22 Antibodies (2004)

The tetravalent anti-CD22 MAbs with intact Fc regions should make effective therapeutic agents for B-cell tumors.