gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic cytotoxicity of the DNA alkylating agent busulfan, nucleoside analogs and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in lymphoma cell lines (2011)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a promising treatment for lymphomas. Its success depends on effective pre-transplant conditioning regimens. We previously reported on the efficacy of DNA alkylating agent-nucleoside analog (NA) combinations for conditioning in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that a similar combinatory approach can be used for lymphomas. A combination of busulfan (Bu) with two NAs - clofarabine (Clo), fludarabine (Flu) or gemcitabine (Gem) - resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity in lymphoma cell lines. We demonstrated that the [2 NAs + Bu] combination activates a DNA damage response through the ATM-CHK2 and ATM-CHK1 pathways, leading to cell cycle checkpoint activation and apoptosis. Histone modifications and KAP1 phosphorylation are indicative of chromatin relaxation mediated by the nucleoside analogs, which sequentially increase Bu alkylation. Addition of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced chromatin relaxation through increased histone acetylation and further augmented the cytotoxicity of [2 NAs + Bu]. Our results provide a preclinical basis for a clinical trial on using [2 NAs + Bu ± SAHA] combinations as conditioning therapy for patients with chemotherapy-refractory lymphoma undergoing HSCT.
Proposal of a New Auditory Nerve Stimulation Method for Cochlear Prosthesis (1996)

The stimulation electrodes of cochlear implants are covered by a lymph liquid with high electrical conductivity, which causes the transmitted information to be reduced by channel interaction. Even if this problem were solved, the stimulation regions may be discrete; therefore, there may be regions in which the electrode array cannot stimulate selectively. To solve these problems, we proposed a new auditory nerve stimulation method which we call the tripolar electrode stimulation method for cochlear implants. Our method stimulates using 3 adjacent electrodes selected from among the electrodes of the electrode array. The center electrode receives the currents emitted from the electrodes on both sides. We conducted animal experiments using this method. On the basis of the results we obtained, we concluded that our method may succeed in narrowing the stimulation region and continuously moving the stimulation site.
The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. (2002)

Loss of expression of the E-cadherin cell-cell adhesion molecule is important in carcinoma development and progression. Because previous data suggest that loss of E-cadherin expression in breast carcinoma may result from a dominant transcriptional repression pathway acting on the E-cadherin proximal promoter, we pursued studies of cis sequences and transcription factors regulating E-cadherin expression in breast cancer cells. E-box elements in the E-cadherin promoter were found to play a critical negative regulatory role in E-cadherin gene transcription in breast cancer cell lines lacking E-cadherin transcription. The E-box elements had a minimal role in E-cadherin transcription in breast cancer cell lines expressing E-cadherin. Two zinc-finger transcription factors known to bind E-box elements, SLUG and SNAIL, repressed E-cadherin-driven reporter gene constructs containing wild-type promoter sequences but not those with mutations in the E-box elements. Additionally, both SLUG and SNAIL repressed endogenous E-cadherin expression. These findings suggest SLUG and SNAIL are potential repressors of E-cadherin transcription in carcinomas lacking E-cadherin expression. Analysis of the expression patterns of SLUG, SNAIL, and E-cadherin in breast cancer cell lines demonstrated that expression of SLUG was strongly correlated with loss of E-cadherin transcripts. Taken together, the data indicate the E-box elements in the proximal E-cadherin promoter are critical in transcriptional repression of the E-cadherin gene, and SLUG is a likely in vivo repressor of E-cadherin in breast cancer.
Small-kernel superresolution methods for microscanning imaging systems (2006)

Two computationally efficient methods for superresolution reconstruction and restoration of microscanning imaging systems are presented. Microscanning creates multiple low-resolution images with slightly different sample-scene phase shifts. The digital processing methods developed here combine the low-resolution images to produce an image with higher pixel resolution (i.e., superresolution) and higher fidelity. The methods implement reconstruction to increase resolution and restoration to improve fidelity in one-pass convolution with a small kernel. One method uses a small-kernel Wiener filter and the other method uses a parametric cubic convolution filter. Both methods are based on an end-to-end, continuous-discrete-continuous microscanning imaging system model. Because the filters are constrained to small spatial kernels they can be efficiently applied by convolution and are amenable to adaptive processing and to parallel processing. Experimental results with simulated imaging and with real microscanned images indicate that the small-kernel methods efficiently and effectively increase resolution and fidelity.
De Childéric à Clovis : antécédents et conséquences de la bataille de Soissons en 486 (1988)

Werner Karl Ferdinand. De Childéric à Clovis : antécédents et conséquences de la bataille de Soissons en 486. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie, n°3-4, 1988. Actes des VIIIe journées internationales d'archéologie mérovingienne de Soissons (19-22 Juin 1986) pp. 3-7.
Structure of cis-1-{[4-(1-imidazolymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}imidazole–succinic acid complex (1991)

CGS 14796C, C14H20N4.C4H6O4, Mr = 362.43, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 28.148 (4), b = 9.722 (1), c = 19.200 (2) A, beta = 133.06 (1) degree, V = 3838.88 A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.26 Mg m-3, lambda (Cu K alpha) = 1.5418 A, mu 0.702 mm-1, F(000) = 1552, T = 294 K, R = 0.075 for all 3285 reflections. The structure is composed of linear chains of alternating CGS 14796C and succinic acid molecules. The CGS 14796C molecule is in an extended conformation.
Comparison of fibrinogen association with normal and thrombasthenic platelets on exposure to ADP or chymotrypsin (1979)

Although 125I-fibrinogen becomes associated with washed platelets from normal human subjects during ADP-induced shape change and aggregation, 125I-fibrinogen did not become associated with washed plateletes from a thrombasthenic subject during ADP-induced shape change and the platelets did not aggregate. Platelets from control and thrombasthenic subjects were treated with chymotrypsin, which is known to degrade platelet membrane glycoproteins. More 125I-fibrinogen became associated with chymotrypsin-pretreated platelets from normal subejcts than with untreated platelets, and fibrinogen caused the enzyme-treated platelets to aggregate. 125I-fibrinogen did not become associated with chymotrypsin-pretreated thromobasthenic platelets, and fibrinogen did not aggregate them. Thus, there appears to be a defect in thrombasthenic platelets that prevents the association of fibrinogen with them.
Targeting IL-13Rα2-positive cancer with a novel recombinant immunotoxin composed of a single-chain antibody and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (2008)

We have shown previously that high-affinity receptors for interleukin-13 (IL-13Ralpha2) are overexpressed on a variety of solid cancer cells, diseased fibroblasts, and other cells, and a chimeric fusion protein composed of human IL-13 and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-13-PE38) is highly and specifically cytotoxic to these cells in vitro and in vivo. To improve the specificity for the target, we isolated specific antibodies against IL-13Ralpha2 from human single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody phage library and developed immunotoxin by selecting two high-affinity clones of scFv and fused to PE. The fusion chimeric gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and highly purified IL-13R-specific immunotoxin, termed anti-IL-13Ralpha2(scFv)-PE38, was tested for its cytotoxicity. This molecule was highly cytotoxic to U251 glioma and PM-RCC renal cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. The cytotoxic activity was neutralized by purified extracellular domain of IL-13Ralpha2 but not by IL-13, indicating that cytotoxic activity is specific. Anti-IL-13Ralpha2(scFv)-PE38 showed significant antitumor activity in immunodeficient mice with s.c. glioma tumors. Both i.p. and i.t. routes of administration showed antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum tolerated dose of anti-IL-13Ralpha2(scFv)-PE38 was 200 microg/kg i.p. twice daily for 5 days. These results indicate that anti-IL-13Ralpha2(scFv)-PE38 is a highly selective therapeutic agent for cancer therapy and should be further tested in animal models of human cancer.
Mitogenic Effect of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in LNCaP Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells: Role of the High- and Low-Affinity NGF Receptors (2000)

We have investigated the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the androgen-dependent, prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP cell line. Exposure of LNCaP cells to NGF resulted in a significant increase of cell proliferation. The effect was concentration dependent and equally present in serum- or charcoal-stripped serum-supplemented and serum-deprived conditions. The mitogenic action of NGF was accompanied by an enhanced expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and resulted additive to the proliferative effect of dihydrotestosterone. The proliferative effect of NGF appeared to be mediated by the high-affinity NGF receptor, p140trka. Only p140trka, but not the low-affinity NGF receptor, p75LNGFR, was expressed in LNCaP cells; both the proliferative response and the phosphorylation of p140trka upon NGF treatment were prevented by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a. LNCaP cells transiently transfected with the cDNA encoding for p75LNGFR appeared more sensitive to NGF, as demonstrated by the increased number of p75LNGFR-transfected LNCaP cells exposed for 72 h to NGF compared with wild LNCaP cultures. However, p75LNGFR-transfected LNCaP cells rapidly underwent apoptotic death when deprived of NGF. Our study demonstrates the physiological relevance of NGF in the regulation of prostate cell proliferation and the relative contribution of the high- and low-affinity NGF receptors in this control.
Fractals in Rock Physics (1991)

Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil ...Read More
Frequency of Germline Genomic Homozygosity Associated With Cancer Cases (2008)

In our study of 4 different types of solid tumors (our data for 3 types validated in a fourth type), increased germline homozygosity occurred at specific loci. When the germline was heterozygous at these loci, high frequencies of LOH/allelic imbalance occurred at these loci in the corresponding carcinomas.
569. Researches on acetylenic compounds. Part XXI. Reformatsky reactions with propargyl bromides (1949)

H. B. Henbest, E. R. H. Jones and I. M. S. Walls, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2696 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490002696
The biological importance of measuring individual variation (2007)

Functional genomics research using Fundulus heteroclitus has focused on variation among individuals because of the evolutionary importance and value of Fundulus in explaining the human condition (why individual humans are different and are affected differently by stress, disease and drugs). Among different populations and species of Fundulus, there are evolutionarily adaptive differences in gene expression. This natural variation in gene expression seems to affect cardiac metabolism because up to 81% of the variation in glucose utilization observed in isolated heart ventricles is related to specific patterns of gene expression. The surprising result from this research is that among different groups of individuals, the expression of mRNA from different metabolic pathways explains substrate-specific metabolism. For example, variation in oxidative phosphorylation mRNAs explains glucose metabolism for one group of individuals but expression of glucose metabolism genes explains this metabolism in a different group of individuals. This variation among individuals has important implications for studies using inbred strains: conclusions based on one individual or one strain will not necessarily reflect a generalized conclusion for a population or species. Finally, there are surprisingly strong positive and negative correlations among metabolic genes, both within and between pathways. These data suggest that measures of mRNA expression are meaningful, yet there is a complexity in how gene expression is related to physiological processes.
Thiophosphate Analogs of c-di-GMP: Impact on Polymorphism (2009)

Seven phosphorothioate analogs of c-di-GMP (all diastereomers of mono-, di-, and trithiophosphates) were prepared to assess the impact of the thioate substitutions on c-di-GMP polymorphism using 1D (1)H and (31)P NMR, along with 2D NOESY and DOSY, for both the Na(+) and K(+) salts. The K(+) salts display more extensive higher order complex formation than the Na(+) salts, resulting primarily in octamolecular complexes with K(+), but tetramolecular complexes with Na(+). Further, the presence of one or two [S(P)] sulfurs specifically stabilizes anti complexes and/or destabilizes syn complexes, while the presence of two [S(P)] sulfurs promotes extensive aggregation.
Design of arithmetic elements for Burroughs Scientific Processor (1978)

The design criteria and implementation of the Arithmetic Element (AE) of the Burroughs Scientific Processor, a vector machine intended for scientific computation requiring speed of up to 50 million floating-point operations per second, is discussed. An array of 16 AEs operate in lockstep mode, executing the same instruction on 16 sets of data. The 16 AEs are one stage in a pipeline which consists of 17 memory modules, an input alignment network, and an output alignment network. The AE itself is not pipelined. It can perform over one hundred different operations including a floating-point addition, subtraction and multiplication, division, square root, among the others. Eight registers are provided for the storage of intermediate values and results. Modulo 3 residue arithmetic is used for checking hardware failures.
Drainage institutions in Western Europe: England, the Netherlands, France and Germany (2000)

This paper analyzes drainage areas in all the four countries of Western Europe - England, The Netherlands, France and Germany - comprise of low-lying areas, which at one time consisted of vast stretches of marshes, fens, peat and washes. In some cases, they also include those areas which were often inundated by floods. All these lands were and still continue to be agriculturally highly productive after the drainage work was executed. Modern legislation concerning drainage institutions has taken place in the twentieth century in all the four countries. In England, the legislation concerning Internal Drainage Board was enacted in 1930 and amended in 1976. In case of The Netherlands, such a law was passed in 1992. In France, the most recent law passed in 1992 leaves the ownership rights untouched, but limits their significance, since it unifies all categories of water under the nation's common heritage - a concept close to the notion of public trust. In Germany, the new law concerning Water and Land Associations was enacted in 1991 which replaced the regulation of 1937. Drainage laws in all the four countries are based on the following three principles: The responsibility for land drainage rests first and foremost with individual farmers. Land drainage is predominantly a local problem and the decisions regarding it should be taken locally. Those who benefit from land drainage or create a need for it should pay accordingly.
Experimental Evaluation of Second-Line Oral Treatments of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum (1999)

In a murine model of Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis, metronidazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine were less effective than antimonial agents in reducing hepatic parasite load. Ketoconazole potentiated the effect of meglumine antimoniate reference therapy through its marked activity against spleen infection.
Genetic Targeting of the Albumin Locus to Treat Hemophilia (2016)

Goals of gene therapy include the integration of the therapeutic gene into the host genome at expression levels sufficient to ameliorate symptoms. Strategies involving the transcriptional machinery of albumin in the liver have proved effective in a mouse model of hemophilia.
Modeling Side Chains in Peptides and Proteins with the Locally Enhanced Sampling/Simulated Annealing Method (1994)

In this chapter, we present the formal basis of a new optimization method that we call LES (locally enhanced sampling) together with applications to side-chain modeling in peptides and proteins. We examine the relationship between an energy function that is derived from data on small model systems and the correct structure of the protein. The question is: Given a functional form for the potential energy of a macromolecule, are the side-chain coordinates at the global energy minimum similar to the x-ray coordinates? This comparison enables us to detect inaccuracies in the force fields that we used (Brooks et al., 1983; Jorgensen and Tirado-Rives, 1988) and possibly to improve them.KeywordsForce FieldPotential Energy SurfaceFreezing TemperatureResidue TypeMinimum Energy PathThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Laboratory Evaluation of Two Slow-Acting Toxicants Against Formosan and Eastern Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1991)

Topical toxicity, lethal time, and bait acceptance of two slow-acting toxicants, mirex and sulfluramid, were determined for the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). When topically applied to C. formosanus, mirex was slightly less toxic (LD50 = 9.14 μ/g) than sulfluramid (LC50 = 6.95 μ/g). but mirex was approximately 34 times more potent (LD50 = 1.78 μ/g) against R. flavipes than sulfluramid (LD50 = 60.64 μ/g). Mortality of R. flavipes as a function of time was fastest for mirex and slowest for sulfluramid. Lethal time (time to kill 90% of test insects) was similar when C. formosanus was treated with either mirex or sulfluramid. Results of a choice bioassay indicated that concentration thresholds of 10 or 30 ppm in wood treated with sulfluramid were acceptable to C. formosanus and R. flavipes, respectively. These treatments also produced significant mortality (≥68% mortality at ≥4 ppm for C. formosanus, ≥80% mortality at ≥18 ppm for R. flavipes) after an 8-wk exposure. Wood blocks treated with ≤90 ppm mirex were accepted by C. formosanus. Mirex concentrations of ≥10 ppm produced ≥68% mortality. R. flavipes accepted blocks treated with up to 15 ppm of mirex and were killed at significantly higher rates (≥80%) when exposed to blocks treated with ≥9 ppm of mirex.
Steroids. CCLXXVIII.1 Reductions of 19-Substituted Androst-4-en-3-ones and Related Compounds (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. CCLXXVIII.1 Reductions of 19-Substituted Androst-4-en-3-ones and Related CompoundsL. H. Knox, E. Blossey, H. Carpio, L. Cervantes, P. Crabbé, E. Velarde, and J. A. EdwardsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 7, 2198–2205Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01018a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01018a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Function of the apetala-1 gene during Arabidopsis floral development. (1990)

We have characterized the floral phenotypes produced by the recessive homeotic apetala 1-1 (ap1-1) mutation in Arabidopsis. Plants homozygous for this mutation display a homeotic conversion of sepsis into brachts and the concomitant formation of floral buds in the axil of each transformed sepal. In addition, these flowers lack petals. We show that the loss of petal phenotype is due to the failure of petal primordia to be initiated. We have also constructed double mutant combinations with ap1 and other mutations affecting floral development. Based on these results, we suggest that the AP1 and the apetala 2 (AP2) genes may encode similar functions that are required to define the pattern of where floral organs arise, as well as for determinate development of the floral meristem. We propose that the AP1 and AP2 gene products act in concert with the product of the agamous (AG) locus to establish a determinate floral meristem, whereas other homeotic gene products are required for cells to differentiate correctly according to their position. These results extend the proposed role of the homeotic genes in floral development and suggest new models for the establishment of floral pattern.
The continuum-of-addiction: cigarette smoking in relation to price among Americans aged 15-29 (1999)

We studied the relationship between current cigarette smoking and price among 34145 respondents, aged 15-29 years, to the 1992-1993 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey. The price elasticity of current smoking varied inversely with age: -0.831 (S.E. 0.402) for ages 15-17; -0.524 (S.E. 0.256) for ages 18-20; -0.370 (S.E. 0.188) for ages 21-23; -0.202 (S.E. 0.175) for ages 24-26; and -0.095 (S.E. 0.157) for ages 27-29. In response to higher prices, older youth were more likely to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day than to quit entirely. Among 15-17-year-olds, smoking cigarettes 'some days' was more sensitive to price than smoking 'every day'. Cigarette smoking was inversely related to the prices of premium brands, but not discount brands.
A method for signature casting on digital images (2002)

Signature (watermark) casting on digital images is an important problem, since it affects many aspects of the information market. We propose a method for casting digital watermarks on images and we analyze its effectiveness. The satisfaction of some basic demands in this area is examined and a method for producing digital watermarks is proposed. Moreover, immunity to subsampling is examined and simulation results are provided for the verification of the above mentioned topics.
Evaluating Elastic Modulus of Lightweight Aggregate (2003)

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