gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The association between the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) 16 amino acid repeat polymorphism and novelty seeking. (1996)

Ebstein and colleagues have recently reported a significant association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) 16 amino acid repeat polymorphism and the personality trait of Novelty Seeking (NS) in 124 Israeli subjects. This study, and another study conducted in the US (although with a different personality measure) that observed a similar association, have generated wide interest in the identification of the genes involved in personality variation. We have determined D4DR genotypes in two groups of Finnish subjects; 193 psychiatrically screened normal controls and 138 alcoholic offenders and assessed NS with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). In normals, we find no significant association between NS and the 7-repeat allele despite similar allele frequencies and the use of the same personality measure as Ebstein et al. The group of alcoholic offenders have significantly higher NS than normals, however we fail to replicate the previous association in this group and, in fact, find a significant association in the opposite direction as previously observed. These data suggest that D4DR may require re-evaluation as a candidate gene for personality variation.
Molecular Characterization of a Newly Identified Heme-binding Protein Induced during Differentiation of urine Erythroleukemia Cells (1998)

A heme-binding protein with a molecular mass of 22 kDa, termed p22 HBP, was purified from mouse liver cytosol, using blue Sepharose CL-6B. We identified a cDNA encoding p22 HBP, and sequence analysis revealed that p22 HBP comprises 190 amino acid residues (Mr 21,063) and has no homology to any other known heme-binding protein. The p22 HBP mRNA (approximately 1.0 kilobases) is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and is extremely abundant in the liver. cDNA allows for expression of active p22 HBP, with a high affinity for 55Fe-hemin, with a Kd of 26 +/-1.8 nM. The Bmax of hemin binding to p22 HBP was 0.55 +/- 0.021 mol/mol of protein, a value consistent with one heme molecule binding per molecule of protein. The order of potency of different ligands to compete against 55Fe-hemin binding to p22 HBP was hemin = protoporphyrin IX > coproporphyrin III > bilirubin > palmitic acid > all-trans-retinoic acid. Treatment of mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells with dimethyl sulfoxide or hemin resulted in an increase in p22 HBP mRNA. The immunoblot analysis showed that p22 HBP increased with time in dimethyl sulfoxide- and hemin-induced MEL cells. Conversely, transfer of antisense oligonucleotides to p22 HBP cDNA resulted in a decrease of p22 HBP in dimethyl sulfoxide-treated MEL cells, and the heme content in these cells decreased to 66-71% of sense oligonucleotides-transferred cells. Thus, this newly identified heme-binding protein, p22 HBP, may be involved in heme utilization for hemoprotein synthesis and even be coupled to hemoglobin synthesis during erythroid differentiation.
Die Sozialgerichtsbarkeit (1985)

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Formed platelets for low cost regeneratively cooled rocket combustion chambers (1992)

Formed platelet technology can be used to fabricate LO2/LH2-fueled rocket propulsion chambers with higher heat capacity, higher cycle life, and lower pressure drops, in conjunction with lower costs due to the application of high volume production methods. The formed-platelet combustor liner is an assembly of identical platelets, each of which is composed of diffusion-bonded, photoetched laminae with coolant flow passages; the platelets are also joined by diffusion bonding to form the combustor's circumference. Attention is given to the fabrication of a platelet combustion chamber generating 40 Klbf of thrust.
Recombinant Coagulation Factor VIIa: From the Concept to Clinical Application in Hemophilia Treatment in 2000 (2000)

The development of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates markedly improved the management of hemophilia A and B and made home therapy possible. However, treatment of hemophilic patients with acquired inhibitors remained difficult. The preparation of prothrombin complex concentrates, nonactivated or activated, addressed this difficult clinical problem, but their use was associated with serious side effects. Factor VIIa was found to be a safer treatment modality. Factor VIIa per se is inactive and needs tissue factor (TF) to become biologically active. TF serves as the receptor for factor VIIa. TF is expressed from vessel walls only upon injury. Treatment of inhibitor patients with plasma-derived factor VII was found to be successful. This led to the development of recombinant factor VIIa, which was also found to be successful in managing hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Up to this point, large numbers of patients have been treated and few serious side effects have been noted. Because of its unique effects on the hemostasis system, recombinant factor VIIa will be useful for other indications as well, including patients with congenital factor VII deficiency, patients with bleeding and liver function impairment, patients with quantitative and qualitative platelet defects, and individuals who have sustained multiple trauma. The development of recombinant factor VII is reviewed in detail.
Mutations in BRAF and KRAS Characterize the Development of Low-Grade Ovarian Serous Carcinoma (2003)

Activating mutations in KRAS and in one of its downstream mediators, BRAF, have been identified in a variety of human cancers. To determine the role of mutations in BRAF and KRAS in ovarian carcinoma, we analyzed both genes for three common mutations (at codon 599 of BRAF and codons 12 and 13 of KRAS). Mutations in either codon 599 of BRAF or codons 12 and 13 of KRAS occurred in 15 of 22 (68%) invasive micropapillary serous carcinomas (MPSCs; low-grade tumors) and in 31 of 51 (61%) serous borderline tumors (precursor lesions to invasive MPSCs). None of the tumors contained a mutation in both BRAF and KRAS. In contrast, none of the 72 conventional aggressive high-grade serous carcinomas analyzed contained the BRAF codon 599 mutation or either of the two KRAS mutations. The apparent restriction of these BRAF and KRAS mutations to low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and its precursors suggests that low-grade and high-grade ovarian serous carcinomas develop through independent pathways.
A Conducting Salt-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Measurement of Extracellular Lactate Accumulation in Ischemic Myocardium (1997)

In this paper, fabrication, characterization, and physiological application of a miniaturized amperometric lactate biosensor are described. The sensor is based on cross-linked lactate oxidase and tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyano-quinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) charge transfer complex. The sensor was developed for continuous quantitative measurement of the lactate accumulation in ischemic myocardium under severe depletion of oxygen. The sensor was evaluated in vitro at an applied potential of 0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl; it proved to combine all the performance characteristics desired for the present application, such as proper response in absence of oxygen, good operational stability, good accuracy and precision (103.5 +/- 1.2%), adequate response time (t95% = 80 s), and wide linear dynamic range up to 27 mM (r = 0.9998) in N2-saturated solutions and at 37 degrees C. The prepared sensors (n = 12) showed sensitivity of 380 +/- 90 nA/mM, and a background current of 240 +/- 50 nA. The lower limit of detection is 0.4 +/- 0.15 mM with a S/N ratio equal to 3. Results obtained for direct lactate monitoring in ischemic rabbit papillary muscle under no-flow conditions and PO2 < 6 mm Hg are presented.
Expression and Prognostic Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (cdc2) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2000)

The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdc2), cyclin A and cyclin B1 was immunohistochemically studied in 101 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). cdc2 overexpression was directly related to advanced stage, portal invasion, intrahepatic metastasis, poor differentiation, high alpha-fetoprotein level, large size, high Ki-67 labeling index and poor prognosis. Cyclin A and B1 overexpression showed similar tendency to that of cdc2, but they were not recognized as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that cdc2 plays the most crucial role of the G2/M modulators in cell cycle progression and cell proliferation of HCC and significantly predicts the recurrence of this carcinoma.
Improving containment strategies in biopharming (2007)

This review examines the challenges of segregating biopharmed crops expressing pharmaceutical or veterinary agents from mainstream crops, particularly those destined for food or feed use. The strategy of using major food crops as production vehicles for the expression of pharmaceutical or veterinary agents is critically analysed in the light of several recent episodes of contamination of the human food chain by non-approved crop varieties. Commercially viable strategies to limit or avoid biopharming intrusion into the human food chain require the more rigorous segregation of food and non-food varieties of the same crop species via a range of either physical or biological methods. Even more secure segregation is possible by the use of non-food crops, non-crop plants or in vitro plant cultures as production platforms for biopharming. Such platforms already under development range from outdoor-grown Nicotiana spp. to glasshouse-grown Arabidopsis, lotus and moss. Amongst the more effective methods for biocontainment are the plastid expression of transgenes, inducible and transient expression systems, and physical containment of plants or cell cultures. In the current atmosphere of heightened concerns over food safety and biosecurity, the future of biopharming may be largely determined by the extent to which the sector is able to maintain public confidence via a more considered approach to containment and security of its plant production systems.
The hospitalized cases of contact lens induced keratitis in Sweden and their relation to lens type and wear schedule: results of a three-year retrospective study. (1994)

All hospitalized cases of contact lens induced keratitis with stromal involvement among cosmetic wearers in Sweden over a 3-year period were reviewed for risk factors in relation to lens type and wear schedule. Information on every case was obtained from ophthalmology departments. Lens type and wear schedule were identified. The number of lens wearers, subdivided by lens type and wear schedule, was obtained from a study by the Swedish Contact Lens Association. Annual incidence figures were then calculated as expressions of risk factors. There were 30.7 cases per year, on average, of hospitalized lens induced keratitis in Sweden. The annual incidence per 10,000 wearers was 0.51 for daily wear and 3.12 for extended wear of conventional soft lenses, 0.16 for daily wear and 4.17 for extended wear of disposable soft lenses, and 1.21 for daily wear of rigid gas permeable lenses. It may be concluded that daily wear of disposable lenses was associated with significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) less risk of hospitalized keratitis than daily wear of the other lens types. Extended wear of conventional and disposable soft lenses showed a significantly (P < 0.01-0.001) higher risk of hospitalized keratitis than daily wear. However, the two extended wear groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.2). Microbial keratitis was significantly (P < 0.001) more common than sterile (no growth of microbes) keratitis among conventional soft lens wearers, whereas the opposite was true (P < 0.05) among disposable lens wearers.
Topical administration of a multi‐targeted kinase inhibitor suppresses choroidal neovascularization and retinal edema (2008)

Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusions are complicated by neovascularization and macular edema. Multi-targeted kinase inhibitors that inhibit select growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and/or components of their down-stream signaling cascades (such as Src kinases) are rationale treatment strategies for these disease processes. We describe the discovery and characterization of two such agents. TG100572, which inhibits Src kinases and selected receptor tyrosine kinases, induced apoptosis of proliferating endothelial cells in vitro. Systemic delivery of TG100572 in a murine model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused significant suppression of CNV, but with an associated weight loss suggestive of systemic toxicity. To minimize systemic exposure, topical delivery of TG100572 to the cornea was explored, and while substantial levels of TG100572 were achieved in the retina and choroid, superior exposure levels were achieved using TG100801, an inactive prodrug that generates TG100572 by de-esterification. Neither TG100801 nor TG100572 were detectable in plasma following topical delivery of TG100801, and adverse safety signals (such as weight loss) were not observed even with prolonged dosing schedules. Topical TG100801 significantly suppressed laser-induced CNV in mice, and reduced fluorescein leakage from the vasculature and retinal thickening measured by optical coherence tomography in a rat model of retinal vein occlusion. These data suggest that TG100801 may provide a new topically applied treatment approach for ocular neovascularization and retinal edema.
Oil Industry Wastewater Treatment with Fouling Resistant Membranes Containing Amphiphilic Comb Copolymers (2009)

The oil industry produces large volumes of wastewater, including oil well produced water brought to the surface during oil drilling, and refinery wastewater. These streams are difficult to treat due to large concentrations of oil. Ultrafiltration (UF) is very promising for their treatment to remove oil, but has been limited by economic obstacles due to severe membrane fouling. In a recent study, novel UF membranes incorporating the amphiphilic comb copolymer additive polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(ethylene oxide), PAN-g-PEO, were found to exhibit complete resistance to irreversible fouling by several classes of organic foulants (J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 298, 136-146). The current work focuses on application of these novel UF membranes to the treatment of oily wastewater feed streams, employing three industrial samples of oil well produced water and refinery wastewater. UF membranes cast with 20 wt % PAN-g-PEO in PAN achieved removals of dispersed and free oils of over 96% based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) for produced water samples, comparable to a PAN UF commercial membrane control. For refinery wastewater treatment the COD removal values were substantially lower, between 41 and 44%, due to higher contents of dissolved organics. Comb copolymer modified membranes showed significantly better fouling resistance than controls, recovering fully their initial fluxes after a simulated backwash for each of the three wastewater samples tested. The results indicate that UF membranes incorporating PAN-g-PEO can be cleaned completely by physical methods alone, which should extend membrane lifetimes substantially and improve the process economics for treatment of oil-contaminated waters.
Catalytic activity of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. (1995)

Thyroglobulin (Tg)-specific autoantibodies from a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis hydrolyzed radiolabeled Tg, shown by production of several smaller sized products on SDS electrophoresis gels. The apparent Km value for Tg was in the nanomolar range, a property typical of an Ab combining site. The Tg antibodies also hydrolyzed tripeptide-methylcoumarinamide (MCA) substrates with lower affinity, displaying a preference for Arg-MCA and Lys-MCA containing conjugates. The hydrolysis of one of these conjugates, Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA, was inhibited competitively by Tg, suggesting a catalytic site located in the Ab combining site. In control experiments, 1) the hydrolytic activities were removed by immunoadsorption with immobilized anti-human IgG; 2) IgG depleted of the Tg-specific Abs by affinity chromatography did not display Tg and Pro-Phe-Arg-MCA hydrolyzing activities; and 3) the peptide-MCA hydrolyzing activity tracked exactly with the 150-kDa IgG peak on a gel filtration column run in denaturing solvent (6 M guanidine chloride).
Nature of the ligand recognized by a hapten- and carrier-specific, MHC-restricted T cell receptor (1993)

The hapten- and carrier-specific T lymphocyte clone D5 and a T hybridoma (D5h) derived from D5 cells recognize several different protein Ag conjugated with p-azobenzenearsonate (arsonate) presented by the class II MHC protein I-Ad. We show here that the ligand recognized by the D5 TCR is a complex of a haptenated peptide bound to I-Ad. We have identified a peptide fragment generated by enzymatic cleavage of arsonate-conjugated OVA (Ars-OVA), which stimulates D5 cells when presented by I-Ad-bearing APC. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this fragment, OVA(36-50), forms a ligand for D5h cells when it is conjugated with arsonate and presented by cells bearing I-Ad. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, I-Ad-bearing cells present Ars-OVA(36-50), or the longer stimulatory peptide Ars-OVA(33-49), to D5h cells, demonstrating that haptenated synthetic peptides can substitute for naturally processed antigenic peptides. The peptide Ars-OVA(33-49) binds to the major peptide-binding site of I-Ad because it competitively inhibited presentation of the peptide OVA(323-339), previously demonstrated to bind to I-Ad directly in vitro, to the OVA/I-Ad-specific T cell hybridoma 3DO-54.8. The unconjugated OVA(33-49) peptide failed to inhibit the presentation of OVA(323-339), demonstrating that the hapten facilities binding of the peptide to I-Ad. Conversely, the peptide OVA(323-339) competitively inhibited the presentation of Ars-OVA(33-49) to D5h cells, indicating that the two peptides Ars-OVA(33-49) and OVA(323-339) bind to overlapping sites on I-Ad. Amino acid substitutions introduced into the beta 1 domain of I-Ad that affected recognition of OVA(323-339) by 3DO-54.8 cells also affected recognition of Ars-OVA(33-50) by D5h cells, demonstrating that similar regions on I-Ad are required for TCR recognition of conventional as well as haptenated peptides. These results represent the first demonstration that the ligand recognized by a hapten- and carrier-specific T cell clone restricted to an MHC class II protein is a haptenated peptide Ag bound to the MHC molecule.
The Forces that Move Chromosomes in Mitosis (1988)

CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW 431 FORCE ESTIMATES 432 FORCE MEASUREMENTS • 434 Approach... ..... 434 Results 436 Implications 436 COMPARISONS WITH OTHER MOTILE SySTEMS 439 FORCE MEASUREMENTS FROM ELASTIC CONSTANTS 441
Calcium, Vitamin D, and the Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer Among Women (1996)

Available evidence does not warrant an increase in calcium intake to prevent colon cancer, but longer-term studies of both calcium and especially vitamin D in relation to colorectal cancer risk are needed.
Automated learning of decision rules for text categorization (1994)

We describe the results of extensive experiments using optimized rule-based induction methods on large document collections. The goal of these methods is to discover automatically classification patterns that can be used for general document categorization or personalized filtering of free text. Previous reports indicate that human-engineered rule-based systems, requiring many man-years of developmental efforts, have been successfully built to “read” documents and assign topics to them. We show that machine-generated decision rules appear comparable to human performance, while using the identical rule-based representation. In comparison with other machine-learning techniques, results on a key benchmark from the Reuters collection show a large gain in performance, from a previously reported 67% recall/precision breakeven point to 80.5%. In the context of a very high-dimensional feature space, several methodological alternatives are examined, including universal versus local dictionaries, and binary versus frequency-related features.
Microbial Composition of Human Appendices from Patients following Appendectomy (2013)

There are currently limited data available on the microbial composition of the human appendix. It has been suggested, however, that it may serve as a "safe house" for commensal bacteria that can reinoculate the gut at need. The present study is the first comprehensive view of the microbial composition of the appendix as determined by high-throughput sequencing. We have determined that the human appendix contains a wealth of microbes, including members of 15 phyla. Important information regarding the associated bacterial diversity of the appendix which will help determine the role, if any, the appendix microbiota has in human health is presented.
Sodium Nitrite Increases Regional Blood Flow in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. (2005)

Abstract Patients with sickle cell disease have decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, and studies from several groups have confirmed a blunted response to various NO donors in humans and mice with sickle cell disease. Recently published studies show that nitrite induces vasodilation in humans, apparently mediated by conversion of nitrite to NO. This study is designed to determine the potential therapeutic effect of intra-arterial nitrite infusion to restore nitric oxide dependent blood flow in the forearms of patients with sickle cell disease. Venous occlusion strain gauge plethysmography is used to measure the change of forearm blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease, before and after sequential brachial artery infusions of increasing doses of sodium nitrite. In addition, NO responsiveness before and after nitrite infusion is measured by test doses of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Six patients have completed the study and enrollment is continuing. These data indicate that nitrite promotes regional blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease, albeit with a blunted response compared to our healthy control subjects, in whom we previously have found increased blood flow up to 187% with comparable dosing. The significant but blunted response is consistent with the state of nitric oxide resistance to NO donors that has been seen by several groups in patients and mice with SCD. Additionally, we find in these patients that nitrite partially restores SNP responsiveness, with baseline maximal SNP responses more than doubling on average following nitrite infusion, although this finding is preliminary. No adverse effects of nitrite were seen in these six patients. Our early results support a role for nitrite as an NO donor effective in restoring NO-dependent blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease. Additional translational studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of systemic nitrite dosing. Table 1. Forearm Blood Flow Response to Nitrite Infusion Nitrite Dose (micromole/min) Sickle Cell Disease Historical Controls P&amp;lt; .0001 (ANOVA) 0.4 5 +/−7.2% N=6 22 +/−3.2% N=10 4 15 +/− 11% N=6 Not infused 40 49 +/− 8.9% N=6 187 +/− 16%N=18 Table 2. Nitrite Effect on Nitroprusside Responsiveness SNP Dose (micrograms/min) Pre-Nitrite Post-Nitrite P= .02 (RM-ANOVA) N=6 0.8 +21 +/− 5.6% +33 +/− 8.3% 1.6 +15 +/− 5.9% +62 +/− 15.1% 3.2 +29 +/− 6.3% +67 +/− 11.5%