gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes by intra-splenic immunization with allogeneic class I Major Histocompatibility Complex DNA and DC-chol cationic liposomes (1994)

A simple strategy for designing a cancer immunotherapeutic system involves modification of tumor cells from tumor-bearing animals in vivo in such a way that the host can evoke a specific immune response against them. We have expressed allogeneic class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on tumor cells, through ex vivo DNA-mediated gene transfer. These molecules are potent immuno-modulators for the stimulation of strong immune reactions against certain malignancies. In order to achieve efficient gene delivery to tumor cells in vivo we have compared the efficiencies of gene transfer into mammalian tumor cells by the biolistic particle delivery system and cationic liposomes. In this report, we have demonstrated that cationic liposomes prepared by DC-chol and DOPE gives the best efficiency of transfection for tumor cells in vivo. We also showed that a strong anti-H-2K<sup>b</sup> allo-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response could be generated following in vivo immunization of AKR/J mouse spleens with the H-2K<sup>b</sup> gene and DC-chol cationic liposomes. The direct immunization of mouse spleens to induce cell-mediated immunity against exogenous antigens may allow alternative treatment strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
Role of HGF/SF and c‐Met in Morphogenesis and Metastasis of Epithelial Cells (2007)

We have analysed the role of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in the process of morphogenesis and metastasis of epithelial (carcinoma) cells. HGF/SF induces various morphogenic responses in epithelial cells that derive from different tissues when these are grown in three-dimensional gels, e.g. branching tubules in kidney, breast, and prostate epithelial cells, crypt-like structures with brush border in colon epithelial cells, and alveolar-like aggregates in lung and pancreas cells. Epithelial cells are thus able to form complex structures in vitro which resemble the structures formed in the organ they originate from. We also examined the response of human breast carcinoma cells to HGF/SF in vivo. MDA MB 435 cells transfected with HGF/SF were injected into the mammary fat pad of nude mice, where they form tumours which spontaneously metastasize to the lungs. We found that expression of HGF/SF promoted metastasis whereas expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin was inhibitory. Moreover, expression of E-cadherin reconstituted the ability of the cells to form complex structures in response to HGF/SF in vitro. These data demonstrate that the different responses to HGF/SF depend on the state of the epithelial cells: morphogenesis requires epithelial differentiation and cell polarity, whereas metastasis is observed when the cells have lost their epithelial characteristics. Moreover, we have recently identified Gab-1 as a direct-binding substrate of the c-Met receptor. Gab-1 binds to c-Met phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, but not to a number of other tyrosine kinases from different subfamilies. A newly identified proline-rich domain of Gab-1 is responsible for the binding to the bidentate docking site in c-Met. Expression of Gab-1 in epithelial cells is sufficient to induce c-Met-specific cellular responses which include the formation of branching tubules. Thus, Gab-1 seem to correspond to the substrate of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates the epithelial morphogenesis.
Ribozymes and their medical implications (1988)

Certain RNA molecules can mediate their own cleavage or splicing or act as enzymes to promote reactions on substrate RNA molecules. Thus, RNA is not restricted to being a passive carrier of genetic information but can have an active role in directing cellular biochemistry. These findings suggest the possibility that other cellular RNAs, including the RNA components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, of the ribosome, and of various ribonucleoprotein enzymes, are catalysts. RNA enzymes (ribozymes) can be used as sequence-specific RNA cleavage agents in vitro, providing useful tools for biochemical studies of RNA. On a more speculative note, ribozymes directed against viral RNAs have the potential of serving as therapeutic agents. Finally, some infectious agents, including hepatitis 8 virus and perhaps poliovirus and rhinoviruses, are themselves ribozymes, providing potential targets for pharmaceuticals. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3030-3034)
Updating the str and srj (stl) Families of Chemoreceptors in Caenorhabditis Nematodes Reveals Frequent Gene Movement Within and Between Chromosomes (2001)

The seven transmembrane receptor (str) and srj (renamed from stl) families of chemoreceptors have been updated and the genes formally named following completion of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequencing project. Analysis of gene locations revealed that 84% of the 320 genes and pseudogenes in these two families reside on the large chromosome V. Movements to other chromosomes, especially chromosome IV, have nevertheless been relatively common, but only one has led to further gene family diversification. Comparisons with homologs in C. briggsae indicated that 22.5% of these genes have been newly formed by gene duplication since the species split, while also showing that four have been lost by large deletions. These patterns of gene evolution are similar to those revealed by analysis of the equally large srh family of chemoreceptors, and are likely to reflect general features of nematode genome dynamics. Thus large random deletions presumably balance the rapid proliferation of genes and their degeneration into pseudogenes, while gene movement within and between chromosomes keeps these nematode genomes in flux.
Targeted Ablation of miR-21 Decreases Murine Eosinophil Progenitor Cell Growth (2013)

MiR-21 is one of the most up-regulated miRNAs in multiple allergic diseases associated with eosinophilia and has been shown to positively correlate with eosinophil levels. Herein, we show that miR-21 is up-regulated during IL-5-driven eosinophil differentiation from progenitor cells in vitro. Targeted ablation of miR-21 leads to reduced eosinophil progenitor cell growth. Furthermore, miR-21(-/-) eosinophil progenitor cells have increased apoptosis as indicated by increased levels of annexin V positivity compared to miR-21(+/+) eosinophil progenitor cells. Indeed, miR-21(-/-) mice have reduced blood eosinophil levels in vivo and reduced eosinophil colony forming unit capacity in the bone marrow. Using gene expression microarray analysis, we identified dysregulation of genes involved in cell proliferation (e,g, Ms4a3, Grb7), cell cycle and immune response as the most significant pathways affected by miR-21 in eosinophil progenitors. These results demonstrate that miR-21 can regulate the development of eosinophils by influencing eosinophil progenitor cell growth. Our findings have identified one of the first miRNAs with a role in regulating eosinophil development.
Short-Term Retest Reliability of the Halstead-Reitan Battery in a Normal Sample (1987)

Very few studies have examined short-term retest reliability of the Halstead-Reitan Battery in patient samples or normal subjects. The present study examined 3-week retest reliability in a sample of normal healthy subjects. Both psychometric and clinical reliability issues were addressed. On most of the tests the changes between testing were nonsignificant. The measures with the greatest changes were those that appear to incorporate a problem-solving or adaptability component. It was concluded that some of the Halstead-Reitan measures may not be useful in studying short-term changes in performance. On the other hand, most of the measures did not demonstrate significant changes over the 3-week interval and may be useful in examining such short-term changes in performance.
981. Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide 1989-2003: An Overview (2004)

In 1989, Rosenberg et al. performed the first human gene therapy trial when they used a retrovirus to introduce the gene coding for resistance to neomycin into human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes before infusing them into five patients with advanced melanoma (N Engl J Med. 1990, 323(9): 570-8). This study demonstrated the feasibility of using retroviral gene transduction in humans and set the stage for further studies. Since then, over 900 clinical trials have been completed, are ongoing or have been approved worldwide. These trials have been designed to establish feasibility and safety, to demonstrate the reality of expression of therapeutic protein(s) in vivo by the genes transferred and, in some cases, to show therapeutic benefit. In 1990, 2 trials were initiated. The number then climbed rapidly as hopes for early therapeutic success prompted an ever-increasing number of trials. The peak was reached in 1999 with 113 trials initiated. With the realisation that numerous obstacles needed to be overcome, and the occurrence of some untoward effects, the pace slowed somewhat with 53 trials approved in 2003.
Fibroid treatment by transient uterine ischemia (2000)

Background: Since its introduction in 1995 as a treatment for uterine fibroids, uterine artery embolization has proven to be effective as an alternative to hysterectomy. Techniques for occluding these vessels include Gelfoam, Ivalon (PVA) particles, and coils. The success rate of these procedures is remarkable (>85%). Menorrhagia symptoms are generally relieved within 24 hours. The major roadblock to broad-based implementation of uterine artery embolization is that catheter-based therapy is performed by an interventional radiologist. Gynecologists, the gatekeepers for these patients, have no training in angiography and do not perform selective arterial embolization. As a result, only thousands of uterine artery embolizations have been performed, worldwide, over this period, whereas hundreds of thousands of hysterectomies have been performed each year for uterine fibroids. Objective: Our goal has been to develop a set of tools that will allow a gynecologist to occlude the uterine artery transvaginally using ultrasound guidance. Methods: Our work includes visualizing the uterine artery through ultrasonography, tracking an approach to the vessel, and demonstrating vessel occlusion using a suture ligator or RF energy. Occlusion of the vessel has been verified using angiography. Results: The uterine artery was successfully occluded using a transvaginal approach with ultrasound guidance in an animal. Conclusions: We believe this method is applicable for treatment of uterine fibroids as an alternative to uterine artery embolization.
Biodegradable polyurethane based on random copolymer of L‐lactide and ϵ‐caprolactone and its shape‐memory property (2007)

Abstract A series of biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) are synthesized from the copolymer diols prepared from L ‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone (CL), 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, and 1,4‐butanediol. Their thermal and mechanical properties are characterized via FTIR, DSC, and tensile tests. Their T g s are in the range of 28–53°C. They have high modulus, tensile strength, and elongation ratio at break. With increasing CL content, the PU changes from semicrystalline to completely amorphous. Thermal mechanical analysis is used to determine their shape‐memory property. When they are deformed and fixed at proper temperatures, their shape‐recovery is almost complete for a tensile elongation of 150% or a compression of 2‐folds. By changing the content of CL and the hard‐to‐soft ratio, their T g s and their shape‐recovery temperature can be adjusted. Therefore, they may find wide applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 4182–4187, 2007
Comment on “ApoE-Directed Therapeutics Rapidly Clear β-Amyloid and Reverse Deficits in AD Mouse Models” (2013)

Cramer et al. (Reports, 23 March 2012, p. 1503; published online 9 February 2012) demonstrates short-term bexarotene treatment clearing preexisting β-amyloid deposits from the brains of APP/PS1ΔE9 mice with low amyloid burden, providing a rationale for repurposing this anticancer agent as an Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic. Using a nearly identical treatment regimen, we were unable to detect any evidence of drug efficacy despite demonstration of target engagement.
Hydrodynamic comparison of the Penumbra system and commonly available syringes in forced-suction thrombectomy (2013)

Maximizing static and dynamic pressure when performing FST is achieved by aspirating with a syringe possessing both the largest volume and the largest inlet diameter available. Maximizing aspiration force and flow rate is achieved by using the largest catheter possible.
Mammalian subtilisin/kexin isozyme SKI-1: A widely expressed proprotein convertase with a unique cleavage specificity and cellular localization (1999)

Using reverse transcriptase-PCR and degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the active-site residues of subtilisin/kexin-like serine proteinases, we have identified a highly conserved and phylogenetically ancestral human, rat, and mouse type I membrane-bound proteinase called subtilisin/kexin-isozyme-1 (SKI-1). Computer databank searches reveal that human SKI-1 was cloned previously but with no identified function. In situ hybridization demonstrates that SKI-1 mRNA is present in most tissues and cells. Cleavage specificity studies show that SKI-1 generates a 28-kDa product from the 32-kDa brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor, cleaving at an RGLT downward arrowSL bond. In the endoplasmic reticulum of either LoVo or HK293 cells, proSKI-1 is processed into two membrane-bound forms of SKI-1 (120 and 106 kDa) differing by the nature of their N-glycosylation. Late along the secretory pathway some of the membrane-bound enzyme is shed into the medium as a 98-kDa form. Immunocytochemical analysis of stably transfected HK293 cells shows that SKI-1 is present in the Golgi apparatus and within small punctate structures reminiscent of endosomes. In vitro studies suggest that SKI-1 is a Ca2+-dependent serine proteinase exhibiting a wide pH optimum for cleavage of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis: A Fantastic New Adventure (2002)

A significant proportion of patients with coronary artery disease have symptoms refractory to medical treatment, yet are unsuitable for conventional revascularization techniques, like percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. Such patients are potential candidates for alternative forms of coronary revascularization, like therapeutic angiogenesis. This strategy is designed to promote the development of supplemental collateral blood vessels that will act as endogenous bypass conduits. Two major avenues for achieving therapeutic angiogenesis are currently under intense investigation: gene therapy (the introduction of new genetic material into somatic cells to synthesize proteins that are missing, defective, or desired for specific therapeutic purposes) and protein-based therapy (administration of the growth factors, instead of the genes encoding for the growth factors responsible for angiogenesis). This article provides a concise review of the "components" of gene and protein-based therapy, namely, the growth factors, the vector (for gene therapy), the route of delivery, the therapeutic target, the desired therapeutic effect, and quantifiable clinical end points for trials of angiogenesis. Based on preliminary studies, the authors believe that therapeutic angiogenesis represents a promising novel therapy for treatment of the ischemic heart. In the future, angiogenesis will likely be offered as an adjunct to conventional revascularization strategies in subsets of patients who are only "suboptimally" revascularized with conventional techniques, and might evolve into a stand-alone treatment for some patients with nonrevascularizable disease.
Bacterial Meningitis in the United States in 1995 (1997)

Because of the vaccine-related decline in meningitis due to H. influenzae type b, bacterial meningitis in the United States is now a disease predominantly of adults rather than of infants and young children.
Rule extraction from neural networks: modified RX algorithm (2003)

The main challenge in using supervised neural networks in data mining applications is to get explicit knowledge from these models. For this purpose, a study on knowledge acquisition from supervised neural networks employed for classification problems is presented. An algorithm for rule extraction from neural networks, based on the RX algorithm is developed. This algorithm, named modified RX, is experimentally evaluated in two different domains: Iris Plants Database and Pima Indians Diabetes Database. The results are compared to those obtained by classification trees. As far as the efficacy is concerned, one observes that the successful application of the algorithm mainly depends on the knowledge representation acquired by the connectionist model, whereas the efficiency only depends on the neural network training time.
Biochemical and morphological studies on the effects of anthocyans and vitamin E on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. (1993)

The effects of the natural antioxidants-anthocyans and vitamin E (in a solubilized pharmaceutical form) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats are studied. The changes in the activity of serum transaminases (ALAT and ASAT), the content of the reduced glutathione and cytochrome P-450 as well as the intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation are assessed. The anthocyans exert a protective effect comparable to that of vitamin E on liver cells. The favorable effects of the combination of the antioxidants on the content of the reduced glutathione and on the processes of lipid peroxidation are more intensely expressed. The morphological changes occurring in hepatocytes correlate with the results of the biochemical studies. It is evident that both substances have a marked hepatoprotective activity.
Shikimic Acid and Quinic Acid:  Replacing Isolation from Plant Sources with Recombinant Microbial Biocatalysis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTShikimic Acid and Quinic Acid: Replacing Isolation from Plant Sources with Recombinant Microbial BiocatalysisK. M. Draths, David R. Knop, and J. W. FrostView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7, 1603–1604Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1999Publication History Received24 August 1998Published online5 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9830243https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9830243rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2683Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biosynthesis,Contamination,Isolation,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Security and Privacy Objectives for Sensing Applications in Wireless Community Networks (2010)

Wireless Community Networks (WCN) are formed by the integration of user-operated wireless sensor networks that are internetworked by wireless mesh networks available within urban communities. WCNs enable novel applications for the members of the community. These include different sensing applications, where individuals contribute sensor data for further use within their community at large or with well-defined restrictions to certain users. Sensing application scenarios for WCNs differ from traditional sensor network applications with respect to their security and privacy requirements. In this paper, we define three representative scenarios-personal sensing, designated sensing, and community sensing. These scenarios are then studied with respect to their privacy and security implications. In particular, we identify main research questions and highlight the challenges of using various security and privacy approaches from networking and cryptography to make sensing applications in WCNs security and privacy aware.
Extralysosomal Protein Degradation (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
18世纪晚期市民阶级在德国文化中的自我塑造：《奢侈与时尚期刊》研究 (2010)

本文通过研究《奢侈与时尚期刊》来分析18世纪德国市民阶级的自我塑造。它宣扬奢侈品消费加速了经济与社会的发展，也为文化进步和国家民族富裕提供了动力。它主要关注私生活里的文化与社会自身的构建，并帮助市民阶级进行自我塑造且与其他阶级进行区分。它还阐述了时尚与奢侈品消费的重要性与必要性，并驳斥了神学与道学将时尚视为虚荣及道德缺陷的偏见。它认为作为文化差异的一部分，服装特色的区分成为一种衡量人民与国家成熟与否的标尺。时尚发挥了视觉艺术的功能，甚至于也是一种行为艺术。此外，时尚还与身体复杂地联系在一起，两者缺一不可。
Identification of a human epithelial cell surface protein sharing an epitope with the C3d/epstein‐barr virus receptor molecule of B lymphocytes (1989)

This work examines the basis for our earlier observation that certain monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the B-cell-associated C3d/Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) receptor molecule CD21 also react with the surface of some epithelial cells. Of 9 proven anti-CD21 MAbs now examined on frozen sections of human nasopharynx, tonsil and ecto-cervix, only 3 (HB5, anti-B2, AB1) showed staining of stratified epithelium; 2 of these (HB5, anti-B2) also reacted with the surface of epithelial cells freshly dispersed from these sites. The proportion of HB5- and anti-B2-reactive cells in primary epithelial cultures fell to a low but stable level within days of explantation, while almost all permanently established epithelial cell lines, whether SV40 virus-transformed or of malignant origin, were not reactive with either MAb. This contrasts with the pattern of expression of another surface marker also found selectively on cells of the lymphoid and epithelioid lineages, the CDw40 antigen. Staining with CDw40 MAbs on epithelial sections was usually restricted to the basal (proliferating) layer, but the proportion of CDw40-positive cells increased to a relatively high level in normal epithelial cultures; furthermore, most epithelial cell lines expressed this antigen. Immunoprecipitation from the surface of metabolically labelled epithelial cells with the anti-CD21 MAb HB5 yielded a protein of approximate MW 200 kDa, clearly different in size from the 145 kDa CD21 molecule on B cells. This 200 kDa protein was identified on fresh ecto-cervical epithelium, on primary cultures of a laryngeal carcinoma and on one unusual SV40-transformed epithelial cell line. We conclude that stratified human epithelial cells express a 200 kDa surface molecule which is antigenically related to, but not identical with, the CD21 antigen on B cells. It remains to be seen whether this epithelial cell protein can function as an EBV receptor.