gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Uridine 5'-Triphosphate Plus Amiloride on Mucociliary Clearance in Adult Cystic Fibrosis (1996)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal airway epithelial electrolyte transport leading to viscous airway secretions that are difficult to clear. By enhancing Cl- secretion onto and blocking Na+ absorption from the airway surface, treatment with aerosolized uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) plus amiloride may improve the rheology of airway secretions and enhance mucociliary clearance in patients with CF. After performing safety studies of aerosolized UTP/amiloride in adult patients with CF, we investigated the effects of inhaled vehicle and UTP/amiloride on mucociliary clearance of [99mTc] iron oxide particles from the airways of adult patients with CF (n = 14). We found no clinically significant adverse effects from inhalation of therapeutic doses of UTP/amiloride. Mean baseline peripheral clearance rates during the first 40 min of clearance measurements were significantly less in patients with CF than in normal subjects (mean +/- SE: 0.30 +/- 0.05 versus 0.54 +/- 0.07%/min, respectively; p = 0.01). Aerosolized UTP and amiloride in combination improved mucociliary clearance from the peripheral airways of the CF lungs to near normal values (0.51 +/- 0.09%/min; p = 0.04) during this period. These data support the concept for the use of UTP in combination with amiloride as therapy to improve clearance of secretions from the lungs of patients with CF.
Come and Be Served (2015)

Current commodity RFID systems incur high communication overhead due to severe tag-to-tag collisions. Although some recent works have been proposed to support parallel decoding for concurrent tag transmissions, they require accurate channel measurements, tight tag synchronization, or modifications to standard RFID tag operations. In this paper, we present BiGroup, a novel RFID communication paradigm that allows the reader to decode the collision from multiple COTS (commodity-off-the-shelf) RFID tags in one communication round. In BiGroup, COTS tags can directly join ongoing communication sessions and get decoded in parallel. The collision resolution intelligence is solely put at the reader side. To this end, BiGroup examines the tag collisions at RFID physical layer from constellation domain as well as time domain, exploits the under-utilized channel capacity due to low tag transmission rate, and leverages tag diversities. We implement BiGroup with USRP N210 software radio that is able to read and decode multiple concurrent transmissions from COTS passive tags. Our experimental study gives encouraging results that BiGroup greatly improves RFID communication efficiency, i.e., 11× performance improvement compared to the alternative decoding scheme for COTS tags and 6× gain in time efficiency when applied to EPC C1G2 tag identification.
Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells (1996)

Immobihzatron of enzymes, cells, and organelles has expanded greatly in the past 30 years as the advantages of immobilization have been evaluated and utilized in analyttcal, biotransformation, and med
Identification of the probable inhibitory reactive sites of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors human cystatin C and chicken cystatin. (1987)

When an excess of human cystatin C or chicken cystatin was mixed with papain, an enzyme-inhibitor complex was formed immediately. The residual free cystatin was then progressively converted to a form with different electrophoretic mobility and chromatographic properties. The modified cystatins were isolated and sequenced, showing that there had been cleavage of a single peptide bond in each molecule: Gly11-Gly12 in cystatin C, and Gly9-Ala10 in chicken cystatin. The residues Gly11 (cystatin C) and Gly9 (chicken cystatin) are among only three residues conserved in all known sequences of inhibitory cystatins. The modified cystatins were at least 1000-fold weaker inhibitors of papain than the native cystatins. An 18-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 4-21 of cystatin C did not inhibit papain but was cleaved at the same Gly-Gly bond as cystatin C. When iodoacetate or L-3-carboxy-trans-2,3-epoxypropionyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidin o)butane was added to the mixtures of either cystatin with papain, modification of the excess cystatin was blocked. Papain-cystatin complexes were stable to prolonged incubation, even in the presence of excess papain. We conclude that the peptidyl bond of the conserved glycine residue in human cystatin C and chicken cystatin probably is part of a substrate-like inhibitory reactive site of these cysteine proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily and that this may be true also for other inhibitors of this superfamily. We also propose that human cystatin C and chicken cystatin, and probably other cystatins as well, inhibit cysteine proteinases by the simultaneous interactions with such proteinases of the inhibitory reactive sites and other, so far not identified, areas of the cystatins. The cleavage of the inhibitory reactive site glycyl bond in mixtures of papain with excess quantities of cystatins is apparently due to the activity of a small percentage of atypical cysteine proteinase molecules in the papain preparation that form only very loose complexes with cystatins under the conditions employed and degrade the free cystatin molecules.
Space-time constellation-rotating codes maximizing diversity and coding gains (2002)

We apply algebraic number theoretic tools to designing linear space-time constellation-rotating (ST-CR) block codes. With an arbitrary number of M transmit- and N receive-antennas, our ST-CR designs achieve a rate of 1 symbol/second and enjoy maximum diversity gains MN over quasi-static fading channels. When M is an Euler number, /spl phi/(P) for P/spl ne/0 (mod 4), or, when M=2/sup m/ for some positive integer m, the designed ST-CR precoders also maximize coding gains over QAM constellations. When M takes other integer values, we construct a method to design precoders with large coding gains that can be computed explicitly. Simulations corroborate our theoretical findings.
Cell adhesion and growth on synthetic elastomeric matrices containing ARG‐GLY–ASP–SER–3 (1992)

Synthetic elastomeric polypeptide matrices based on the repeating amino acid sequences of elastin have biophysical and biological properties which are favorable for prosthetic materials. An important requirement envisaged for some applications is the ability to support cell adhesion and growth. The X20-poly-(GVGVP), the gamma-irradiation cross-linked elastomeric matrix based on the repeating pentamer Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly, and X20-poly[n(GVGVP), (GRGDSP)] containing the covalently incorporated cell adhesion sequence Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) were synthesized. These matrices were tested for their ability to support the adhesion and growth of bovine aortic endothelial cells and of bovine ligamentum nuchae fibroblasts. Adhesion experiments carried out in albumin-containing media showed that matrices containing 60:1, 40:1, and 20:1 ratios of (GVGVP):(GRGDSP) supported maximal cell attachment, that matrices containing 100:1 exhibited an intermediate level of attachment and that matrices composed of 500:1 and (GVGVP) alone were very poor supports for cell attachment. Serum in the media promoted submaximal cell attachment to X20-poly(GVGVP) but did not permit substantial cell growth. Cell growth was supported by matrices having high ratios of (GRGDSP). Ratios of 60:1, 40:1, and 20:1 supported three population doublings of endothelial cells over 3 days resulting in confluent matrix-adherent monolayers. Ratios of 40:1 and 20:1 similarly supported the growth of fibroblasts.
Down-Regulation of the Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORγt Is Essential for T Lymphocyte Maturation (2000)

Thymocyte development is a tightly regulated process. CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) immature thymocytes exhibit distinct phenotypic features from mature T cells; they express only 10% of surface TCR that are found on mature T cells and do not proliferate and produce IL-2 in response to stimulation. In this report we show that transgenic expression of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR gamma t in mature T cells down-regulates their surface TCR expression. The ROR gamma t transgene inhibits IL-2 production by mature T cells, and this inhibition may be partially due to the inhibitory effect of ROR gamma t on c-Rel transcription. Furthermore, ectopic expression of ROR gamma t inhibits the proliferation of mature and immature T cells. These results, together with its predominant expression in DP thymocytes, suggest that ROR gamma t controls these distinct phenotypic features of DP thymocytes. Our data suggest that down-regulation of ROR gamma t expression in thymocytes is essential for their maturation.
Regioselective Preparation of Pterin 6-Triflate and Its Application to 6-Substituted Pterin Synthesis (2002)

4-Butoxypteridine 6-triflate is prepared selectively from 4-butoxypteridine 8-oxide by a reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, and the triflate group can be replaced by various nucleophiles with functional groups.6-Substituted pterins (2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one), such as biopterin, neopterin and folic acid, are found out from almost all kinds of living organisms, and tetrahydro derivatives of these pterins are known to play important rolls as cofactors in various metabolic systems. 1 For example, (6R)-tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases which oxidize phenylalanine and tyrosine to tyrosine and L-DOPA, respectively. 2(6R)-Tetrahydrobiopterin is also known to be a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases. 3On the other side, (6S)-tetrahydrofolate is a very important cofactor for C1 transfer processes in nucleic acid biosyntheses and an indispensable nutrient for cell growth. 4In addition, since some 6-substituted pteridine derivatives can inhibit the actions of dihydrofolate reductase activating folic acid, these compounds can be used as strong anticancer agents like methotrexate which is one of the most staple chemotherapeuticals. 5 These biochemical and pharmaceutical interests have encouraged the investigations on efficient synthetic methodologies for 6-substituted pteridines.Practical procedures of
Electronic Detection of Biomarkers by Si Field-Effect Transistor from Undiluted Sample Solutions with High Ionic Strengths (2010)

In this study, we have developed a new detection method using Si field effect transistor (FET)-type biosensors, which enables the direct monitoring of antigen-antibody binding within very high-ionic-strength solutions such as 1<TEX>$\times$</TEX>PBS and human serum. In the new method, as no additional dilution or desalting processes are required, the FET-type biosensors can be more suitable for ultrasensitive and real-time analysis of raw sample solutions. The new detection scheme is based on the observation that the strength of antigen-antibody-specific binding is significantly influenced by the ionic strength of the reaction solutions. For a prostate specific antigen (PSA), in some conditions, the binding reaction between PSA and anti-PSA in a low-ionic strength reaction solution such as 10 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> phosphate buffer is weak (reversible), while that in high-ionic strength reaction solutions such as 1<TEX>$\times$</TEX>PBS or human serum is strong.
Non organ based laboratory markers in systemic sclerosis. (2003)

Candidate markers for endothelial cell, lymphocyte and fibroblast function in systemic sclerosis have been reviewed. Autoantibody measurement and general inflammatory markers were considered the minimum requirements, with other markers needing further evaluation.
Regulation of Rubisco activation in antisense plants of tobacco containing reduced levels of Rubisco activase (1998)

Following an increase in photon flux density (PFD), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) undergoes a slow activation which substantially limits the rate of photosynthesis. This activation process is mediated in part by Rubisco activase. Antisense DNA plants of tobacco were used to quantify the degree to which activase limits Rubisco activation. Reductions in leaf activase content caused proportional reductions in the rate of Rubisco activation following a PFD increase from 110 to 1200 micromol m(-2) sec(-1). This was the case for activase levels up to and slightly beyond normal wild-type activase levels. Activase therefore has a flux control coefficient of unity with respect to the Rubisco activation flux. Such a high control coefficient has rarely been measured for any metabolic system, and this is the highest control coefficient measured for an important photosynthetic flux. In contrast, the rate of Rubisco inactivation in leaves following a drop in PFD of 1200 to 110 micromol m(-2) sec(-1) was unchanged by a 60% reduction in activase levels. Despite the high degree of control that activase exerts over the rate of activation, and thus non-steady-state photosynthesis, it was shown that steady-state photosynthesis was largely unaffected by activase concentration until it was reduced below approximately 15% of the wild-type level. The significance of these results and their implications for published models of Rubisco activation are discussed.
Transition-metal organometallic compounds. 8. Arene exchange reactions of bis(naphthalene)chromium (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition-metal organometallic compounds. 8. Arene exchange reactions of bis(naphthalene)chromiumBenjamin F. Bush, Vincent M. Lynch, and J. J. LagowskiCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 6, 1267–1275Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/om00149a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Advances in allergy management (2002)

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of allergy has moved to the molecular level, while study of epidemiology and genetics has revealed risks of developing allergies based on environmental and genetic profiles, and pharmacoeconomic data have enabled accurate measurement of the immense burden of allergic disease. These advances in allergy research have affected its management, particularly the search for new antiallergy therapies. New therapies should intervene in the systemic allergy inflammatory cascade and provide clinical efficacy that extends to multiple allergic disease states. In addition, these new therapies should present no additional safety issues, offer improvements over existing therapies, and have an impact on disease‐impaired quality of life. In vitro studies show that desloratadine, a new, once‐daily, nonsedating, selective histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonist, blocks the systemic allergy cascade at multiple points. Desloratadine 5 mg once daily relieves the symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria and of both seasonal (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis. In patients with concomitant asthma and SAR, asthma symptoms are relieved and β 2 ‐agonist medication use is decreased by desloratadine. Unlike many other second‐generation histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonists, desloratadine provides the added benefit of efficacy against nasal obstruction in SAR. Desloratadine improves quality of life by decreasing the impact of allergic symptoms on sleep and on daily activities.
Thermochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose to enhance methane fermentation: I. Monosaccharide and furfurals hydrothermal decomposition and product formation rates (1988)

Over a pH range 1-4 and temperatures from 170 to 230 degrees C, the decomposition rates of xylose, galactose, mannose, glucose, 2-furfural, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) were pseudo first order. The effect of temperature and pH on the pseudo first-order decomposition rate constants was modeled using the Arrhenius equation and acid-base catalysis, respectively. Decomposition rates of the monosaccharides were minimum at a pH 2-2.5. Above pH 2.5, the monosaccharide decomposition was base catalyzed, with acid catalysis occurring at a pH of less than 2 for glucose. The furfurals were subject to acid catalysis at below ca. pH 3.5. The hydrothermal conversion of glucose to its decomposition products during thermochemical Pretreatment can be modeled as a combination of series and parallel reactions. The formation rates of identified soluble products from glucose decomposition, 5-HMF and levulinic acid, were also functions of temperature and pH. The rate of 5-HMF formation relative to glucose decomposition decreased as the pH increased from 2.0 to 4.0, with levulinic acid formation only detected when the pH was 2.5 or less. For glucose decomposition, humic solids accounted for ca. 20% of the decomposition products.
Design of Integrated Bioinfiltration-Detention Urban Retrofits with Design Storm and Continuous Simulation Methods (2009)

This article presents the elements involved in the design of a bioretention planter/trench infiltration-detention system as part of a very large-scale urban retrofit project. The prototype system was designed to intercept all of the runoff from a synthetic 5.08-mm 24-h rainfall event. Diverted flows were conveyed into bioretention planter for treatment. The bioretention systems were fingerprinted into areas comprising 0.8% of the contributory drainage areas, with an associated stone trench comprising another 3.4%. As layered systems, an approach that is capable of modeling vertical flows in addition to dynamic routing of outflows is used. The system was first modeled using HydroCAD, a design storm event modeling software. A four-compartment node system is used to model the dynamics of flow through the layers. The system was then modeled using SWMM 5.0.014 continuous simulation software. The resulting response to a design storm was computed by both of these models to compare the results of each method. The resulting SWMM model was then run on the 2005 design year rainfall distribution. Under existing conditions, over 60% of annual runoff volume exceeded the 3.50 L⋅s−1⋅ha−1(0.05 cfs-ac−1) threshold for initiation of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Nearly all runoff was intercepted by the planter/trench infiltration system and even with a soil infiltration rate of only 2.54 mm⋅h−1, 47% was infiltrated, and less than 6% was discharged at rates that could initiate CSOs. The number of CSO exceedance pulses was reduced from 233 to 6, a reduction of 97%. The volume of flows exceeding the CSO threshold decreased by 90% in the planter/trench system.
Palladium-Catalyzed C−CN Activation for Intramolecular Cyanoesterification of Alkynes (2011)

Conditions for the C-CN activation and intramolecular cyanoesterification of alkynes to provide butenolides in good to excellent yields are presented. Pd catalysts, high temperatures/short reaction times (microwave irradiation), and Lewis basic solvents minimized competitive decarbonylation. Less sterically encumbered, electron-rich alkynes underwent cyanoesterification with greater ease compared to sterically encumbered, electron-deficient alkynes. The results led to the hypothesis that migratory insertion of the alkyne, rather than C-CN activation, might be the product-determining step.
Euthanasia, the ultimate abandonment. (1990)

In this issue we are pleased to publish the address given recently by Mrs Rita Marker of the Anti-euthanasia Task Force (USA) at a press conference in the House of Commons in London. It offers a most informative update on the development of euthanasia discussion in the United States. We must be grateful that the situation elsewhere is different. In Germany, as a recent correspondent told the Editor, the memory of euthanasia under the Nazis is still too fresh for there to be such a development. Even in Holland there are moves to develop a hospice programme, to offer a radically alternative approach to terminal care. Yet in Britain the idea of the living will is beginning to catch on, and we do well to take note of how it is being used in the United States as a gateway to euthanasia.
Impact of calreticulin mutations on clinical and hematological phenotype and outcome in essential thrombocythemia (2013)

Mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene were recently discovered in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) lacking the JAK2V617F and MPLW515 mutations, but no information is available on the clinical correlates. In this series, CALR mutations were found in 15.5% of 576 World Health Organization-defined ET patients, accounting for 48.9% of JAK2 and MPL wild-type (wt) patients. CALR-mutated patients were preferentially male and showed higher platelet count and lower hemoglobin and leukocyte count compared with JAK2- and MPL-mutated patients. Patients carrying the CALR mutation had a lower risk of thrombosis than JAK2- and MPL-mutated patients; of interest, their risk was superimposable to patients who were wt for the above mutations. CALR mutation had no impact on survival or transformation to post-ET myelofibrosis. Genotyping for CALR mutations represents a novel useful tool for establishing a clonal myeloproliferative disorder in JAK2 and MPL wt patients with thrombocytosis and may have prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
Poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in ultraviolet irradiated human fibroblasts. (1983)

Exposure of human fibroblasts to 5 J/m2 of UV light resulted in a rapid increase of up to 1500% in the intracellular content of poly(ADP-ribose) and a rapid depletion of its metabolic precursor, NAD. When added just prior to UV treatment, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide, totally blocked both the increase of poly(ADP-ribose) and decrease in NAD for up to 2.5 h. Addition of 3-aminobenzamide at the time of maximal accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) resulted in a decrease to basal levels with a half-life of approximately 6 min. The rates of accumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) and depletion of NAD were increased in the presence of either 1-beta-arabinofuranosylcytosine or hydroxyurea. Since these agents are known to cause an additional accumulation of DNA strand breaks following UV irradiation, these data provide evidence for a mechanism in which the rate of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis following DNA damage is regulated in intact cells by the number of DNA strand breaks. Under conditions in which the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) was blocked, DNA repair replication induced by UV light was neither stimulated nor inhibited.