gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Plasma Activation on Hydrophilic Bonding of Si and SiO[sub 2] (2002)

Low-temperature bonding of Si wafers has been studied utilizing reactive ion etching-mode plasma activation. The hydrophilic Si and thermally oxidized Si wafers were exposed to Ar, or plasma prior to bonding in air or vacuum. After plasma treatment the wafers were cleaned in RCA-1 solution and/or deionized water. Strong bonding was achieved at 200°C with all the investigated plasma gases, if proper bonding and cleaning procedures were used. Extended RCA-1 cleaning deteriorated the bond strength, but a short cleaning improved bonding. We found that the activation of the thermal oxide has a larger influence on the bond strength than the activation of the native oxide surface in Si/oxide wafer pairs. We suggest that the plasma treatment induces a highly disordered surface structure, which enhances the diffusion of the water from the bonded interface. As a result of the plasma exposure the number of the surface OH groups is greatly increased enabling strong bonding at a low temperature. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Thrombolysis by thienopyridines and their congeners. (2000)

We propose that anti-platelet thienopyridines, such as ticlopidine or clopidogrel, are thrombolytic owing to endothelial release of prostacyclin (PGI2) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). In this study we used anaesthetised Wistar rats with extracorporal circulation in which arterial blood superfused thrombi which adhered to a strip of collagen. Weight of thrombi was continuously monitored. When administered intravenously, clopidogrel or its R enantiomer deprived of anti-platelet action, both at doses of 3 mg x kg(-1), produced lost in weight of thrombi by 14.1 +/- 1.3% or 16.0 +/- 1.4% (n = 9), and at doses 10 mg x kg(-1) by 28.3 +/- 2.3% or 30.4 +/- 1.9% (n = 8), respectively. Maximum of thrombolysis occurred 30-45 min following the drug administration. Ticlopidine at a dose of 30 mg x kg(-1) reduced weight of thrombi by 33.7 +/- 1.7% (n = 32). Thrombolytic action of ticlopidine was accompanied by a rise in 6!keto-PGF1alpha blood levels from 0.42 +/- 0.10 to 1.58 +/- 0.29 ng x ml(-1) and t-PA antigen plasma levels from 4.70 +/- 1.00 to 12.90 +/- 1.15 ng x ml(-1) (n = 7). Five out of eleven tested thienopyridine congeners with pyrimidine or pyrimidinone instead of pyridine rings had thrombolytic potencies similar to that of clopidogrel (ED30s at a range of 6.2-11.4 mg x kg(-1)). A substantial increase in thrombolytic potency (ED30s at a range of 0.3-2.1 mg x kg(-1)) was observed for congeners in which thienyl ring was condensed with an additional cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl structures or in which thienopyridine complex was replaced for a pyridopyrimidine one. We claim that thienopyridines, independently of their delayed anti-platelet action, do produce immediate thrombolysis in vivo. This new activity emulates capacity of their native, non-metabolised molecules to release prostacyclin and tissue plasminogen activator. We have also shown that structural changes in molecules of thienopyridines may intensify their thrombolytic potency.
Elevated n/sup +//p junctions by implant into CoSi/sub 2/ formed on selective epitaxy for deep submicron MOSFETs (1998)

Very shallow elevated n/sup +//p junctions formed by arsenic implant into or through cobalt silicide (CoSi/sub 2/) formed on selective epitaxial layers and their application to deep submicron n-channel MOSFETs were studied for the first time. PREDICT 1.6 simulation program was employed to choose the desired implant energies and annealing thermal cycle based on theoretically predicted silicide thickness. The implanted CoSi/sub 2/ elevated junctions had low reverse current and no bias voltage dependence up to 5 V. Diffusion current dominated the junction forward current, and good ideality factors close to 1 were obtained. A nearly abrupt junction doping profile was achieved. Deep submicron n-channel MOSFETs incorporating implanted CoSi/sub 2/ elevated junctions were demonstrated. Sharp turn-off and reasonably large drain currents were achieved.
Reflective terahertz imaging of porcine skin burns (2008)

A reflective pulsed terahertz imaging system based on direct detection was developed and used to obtain high-resolution images of a porcine skin specimen with superficial partial-thickness (second-degree) burns. Images were also obtained of the sample through ten layers of dry medical (cotton) gauze with minimal image degradation. The burned and unburned regions of skin had large differences in terahertz reflectivity, displaying clear delineation [20 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) difference signal] between both regions in the images. The terahertz images also exhibited a "halo" surrounding the burn areas that may correlate to the extent of burn injury. The system operated at a center frequency of 500 GHz with 125 GHz of 3 dB bandwidth and used whiskbroom scanning to generate images with a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm. Each pixel was acquired with a 16 ms integration time, resulting in a 40 dB postdetection SNR. The simplicity and high SNR of the reflective terahertz system are promising steps toward real-time terahertz medical imaging.
Advancement of Biomarker Discovery and Validation through the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project (2004)

The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Plasma Proteome Project has mounted a Pilot Phase focussed on key problems essential for standardization of specimen collection, specimen handling, choice of fractionation and analysis technologies, and search engines and databases for protein identifications. This international collaboration will lay the groundwork for many large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies of health and disease.
Structural requirements for 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 1A serotonin receptor potentiation by the biologically active lipid oleamide (1998)

Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid primary amide that possesses sleep-inducing properties in animals and that has been shown to effect serotonergic receptor responses and block gap junction communication. Herein, the potentiation of the 5-HT1A receptor response is disclosed, and a study of the structural features of oleamide required for potentiation of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A response to serotonin (5-HT) is described. Of the naturally occurring fatty acids, the primary amide of oleic acid (oleamide) is the most effective at potentiating the 5-HT2A receptor response. The structural features required for activity were found to be highly selective. The presence, position, and stereochemistry of the delta9-cis double bond is required, and even subtle structural variations reduce or eliminate activity. Secondary or tertiary amides may replace the primary amide but follow a well defined relationship requiring small amide substituents, suggesting that the carboxamide serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor but not donor. Alternative modifications at the carboxamide as well as modifications of the methyl terminus or the hydrocarbon region spanning the carboxamide and double bond typically eliminate activity. A less extensive study of the 5-HT1A potentiation revealed that it is more tolerant and accommodates a wider range of structural modifications. An interesting set of analogs was identified that inhibit rather than potentiate the 5-HT2A, but not the 5-HT1A, receptor response, further suggesting that such analogs may permit the selective modulation of serotonin receptor subtypes and even have opposing effects on the different subtypes.
Wavelength-division multiplexing and demultiplexing on locally sensitized single-mode polymer microstructure waveguides (1990)

A four-channel wavelength-division-(de)multiplexing [WD(D)M] device, operating over optical wavelengths of 543.0 to 632.8 nm, has been successfully fabricated on newly developed locally sensitized polymer (photo-lime gelatin) microstructure waveguides (PMSW’s). The WD(D)M device exhibits a cross talk of less than −40 dB between adjacent channels and a diffraction efficiency of better than 50%. The angular and spectral bandwidths for the device are ~0.2–0.4° and ~4–10 nm, respectively. Such sensitivities can significantly increase the WD(D)M channel density for optical interconnect architectures. Since the PMSW device can be constructed on a variety of substrates, including insulators, semiconductors, conductors, and ceramics, the demultiplexing technique that we report is suitable for use in a variety of optical-computing, signal-processing, and communication applications.
Minihepcidin peptides as disease modifiers in mice affected by β-thalassemia and polycythemia vera (2016)

In β-thalassemia and polycythemia vera (PV), disordered erythropoiesis triggers severe pathophysiological manifestations. β-Thalassemia is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, reduced production of erythrocytes, anemia, and iron overload and PV by erythrocytosis and thrombosis. Minihepcidins are hepcidin agonists that have been previously shown to prevent iron overload in murine models of hemochromatosis and induce iron-restricted erythropoiesis at higher doses. Here, we show that in young Hbb(th3/+) mice, which serve as a model of untransfused β-thalassemia, minihepcidin ameliorates ineffective erythropoiesis, anemia, and iron overload. In older mice with untransfused β-thalassemia, minihepcidin improves erythropoiesis and does not alter the beneficial effect of the iron chelator deferiprone on iron overload. In PV mice that express the orthologous JAK2 mutation causing human PV, administration of minihepcidin significantly reduces splenomegaly and normalizes hematocrit levels. These studies indicate that drug-like minihepcidins have a potential as future therapeutics for untransfused β-thalassemia and PV.
The AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase (1997)

A single entity, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylates and regulates in vivo hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (key regulatory enzymes of sterol synthesis and fatty acid synthesis, respectively), and probably many additional targets. The kinase is activated by high AMP and low ATP via a complex mechanism, which involves allosteric regulation, promotion of phosphorylation by an upstream protein kinase (AMPK kinase), and inhibition of dephosphorylation. This protein-kinase cascade represents a sensitive system, which is activated by cellular stresses that deplete ATP, and thus acts like a cellular fuel gauge. Our central hypothesis is that, when it detects a 'low-fuel' situation, it protects the cell by switching off ATP-consuming pathways (e.g. fatty acid synthesis and sterol synthesis) and switching on alternative pathways for ATP generation (e.g. fatty acid oxidation). Native AMP-activated protein kinase is a heterotrimer consisting of a catalytic alpha subunit, and beta and gamma subunits, which are also essential for activity. All three subunits have homologues in budding yeast, which are components of the SNF1 protein-kinase complex. SNF1 is activated by glucose starvation (which in yeast leads to ATP depletion) and genetic studies have shown that it is involved in derepression of glucose-repressed genes. This raises the intriguing possibility that AMPK may regulate gene expression in mammals. AMPK/SNF1 homologues are found in higher plants, and this protein-kinase cascade appears to be an ancient system which evolved to protect cells against the effects of nutritional or environmental stress.
Characterization of a chimeric aequorin molecule expressed in myeloma cells (1989)

We have constructed a chimeric aequorin consisting of a fragment of the anti-NP immunoglobulin gene fused to the aequorin gene. Expression in a myeloma cell line has produced a Fab'-like molecule that has the ability to bind NIP specifically and generate bioluminescent activity. It takes approximately 8 h at 4 degrees C in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and coelenterazine to regenerate luminescent activity. While the flash kinetics of this recombinant molecule are similar to native aequorin, its quantum efficiency is ten times lower. Preliminary studies have been conducted to ascertain its usefulness for immunoassays. We have shown for this chimeric aequorin 7 x 10(-19) moles can be detected in solution, also it can be used in a solid-phase assay and is stably stored at -70 degrees C for at least 2 months.
Manufacturing compromise (2012)

We investigate the emergence of the exploit-as-a-service model for driveby browser compromise. In this regime, attackers pay for an exploit kit or service to do the "dirty work" of exploiting a victim's browser, decoupling the complexities of browser and plugin vulnerabilities from the challenges of generating traffic to a website under the attacker's control. Upon a successful exploit, these kits load and execute a binary provided by the attacker, effectively transferring control of a victim's machine to the attacker.
Nonlinear filters in image pyramid generation (1991)

The possibility of using nonlinear edge- and detail-preserving median-type filters for image pyramid generation is investigated. Nonlinear interpolation filters should make better use of image structure and the differences between original and interpolated images can be expected to have low entropy as the image information will be removed from them to a high extent. However, there are many other factors which have impact on the entropy of the difference images and the theoretical expectations must be checked experimentally. Several types of detail-preserving median-type filters for interpolation are described. These filters are used in various combinations for the generation of image pyramids. Entropy of differential images is measured and compared to linear filters. The results show that the nonlinear filters perform well on various types of images and give results which are close to the best linear filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transition Metal Dithiolene Near-IR Dyes and Their Applications in Liquid Crystal Devices (2006)

Numerous commercial and military applications exist for guest–host liquid crystal (LC) devices operating in the near- to mid-IR region. Progress in this area has been hindered by the severe lack of near-IR dyes with good solubility in the LC host, low impact on the inherent order of the LC phase, good thermal and chemical stability, and a large absorbance maximum tunable by structural modification over a broad range of the near-IR region. Transition metal complexes based on nickel, palladium, or platinum dithiolene cores show substantial promise in meeting these requirements. These new dye complexes are extraordinarily stable, possess liquid crystalline phases in their own right with the proper terminal functional groups, and can have melting points below room temperature. The latter property is especially significant for producing liquid crystal/dye mixtures with both high dye concentration and good resistance to phase separation. Because transition metal dithiolenes are zerovalent, they can exhibit high solubility in LC hosts (up to 10 wt%). The λmax in these materials can range from 600 to 1500 nm, depending on structure. Depending on their overall molecular geometry and the choice of terminal functional groups, transition metal dithiolenes that show either positive or negative dichroism from the same basic core structure can be readily synthesized. When enantiomerically enriched terminal substituents are employed, nickel dithiolenes can induce a chiral mesophase in a nonchiral nematic host. This finding opens the possibility of generating novel LC mixtures with two degrees of tunability—an electronic absorbance band tunable by synthesis, and a selective reflection band tunable by temperature or applied electric field. In this paper, we overview our past and present activities in the design and synthesis of transition metal dithiolene dyes, show some specific applications examples for these materials as near-IR dyes in LC electro-optical devices, and present our most recent results in the computational modeling of physical and optical properties of this interesting class of organometallic optical materials.
Area-efficient 2-D shift-variant convolvers for FPGA-based digital image processing (2006)

Two-dimensional convolutions are local by nature; hence every pixel in the output image is computed using surrounding information, i.e., a moving window of pixels. Although the operation is simple, the hardware is conditioned by the fact that due to bandwidth efficiency full raster rows must be read from the external memory, and that a row-major image scan should be performed to support shift-variant convolutions. When extending the architectures developed in prior-art to support shift-variant convolutions, we realize that they require large amounts of on-chip memory. While this fact may not have a large cost increase in ASIC implementations, it makes field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implementations expensive or not feasible. In this paper, we propose several novel FPGA-efficient architectures for generating a moving window over a row-wise print path. Because the proposed concepts have different throughput and resource utilization, we provide a criteria to choose the optimum one for any design point.
The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a human colonic antigen associated with ulcerative colitis: cellular localization of the antigen by using the monoclonal antibody. (1987)

We detected in human colon extracts a 40 kDa protein(s) that specifically reacts with tissue-bound IgG obtained from the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis or CCA-IgG. Using the hybridoma technology, we developed monoclonal antibodies to this 40 kDa protein. The specific immunoreactivity of one of the monoclonal antibodies (7E12H12, IgM isotype) against the 40 kDa protein was demonstrated both by ELISA and by immunotransblot. Competitive binding experiments showed that CCA-IgG inhibits the binding of 7E12H12 to the 40 kDa protein, suggesting the recognition of common epitope(s) on the 40 kDa protein by the monoclonal antibody and CCA-IgG. 7E12H12 was used to determine cellular localization of the 40 kDa protein. Biopsy tissue specimens from colon, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, salivary, and mammary glands were obtained. Tissue specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde or in 10% formalin. Sections were sequentially incubated with the hybridoma supernatant, biotinylated anti-mouse IgM, avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. An unrelated hybridoma supernatant was used as control. The monoclonal antibody exclusively recognized colonic epithelial cells both in the crypt and on the luminal surface. Immunoreactivity was present on the plasma membrane chiefly along the basolateral areas of the cells. Plasma membrane localization of the 40 kDa protein was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. All colonic mucosal biopsy specimens from both adult and fetal colon reacted with the monoclonal antibody. None of the biopsy specimens from stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, pancreas, or non-gastrointestinal tissue reacted with the antibody, confirming the organ specificity of the 40 kDa protein. The interaction between this colonic epithelial membrane protein and the CCA-IgG may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Hybrid dc–ac electron gun for fs-electron pulse generation (2007)

We present a new concept of an electron gun for generating subrelativistic few-femtosecond (fs) electron pulses. The basic idea is to utilize a dc acceleration stage combined with an RF cavity, the ac field of which generates an electron energy chirp for bunching at the target. To reduce space charge (SC) broadening the number of electrons in the bunch is reduced and the gun is operated at a megahertz (MHz) repetition rate for providing a high average number of electrons at the target. Simulations of the electron gun were carried out under the condition of no SC and with SC assuming various numbers of electrons in the bunch. Transversal effects such as defocusing after the dc extraction hole were also taken into account. A detailed analysis of the sensitivity of the pulse duration to various parameters was performed to test the realizability of the concept. Such electron pulses will allow significant advances in the field of ultrafast electron diffraction. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Defect Level as a Function of Fault Coverage (1981)

This correspondence presents a single equation relating the defect level of LSI chips to the yield and stuck-at-fault coverage with some assumptions. It is assumed that the faults occur randomly on the chips, which implies no clustering. This concept is extended to modules on boards.
Rate of Absorption and Equilibrium of Carbon Dioxide in Alkaline Solutions. (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate of Absorption and Equilibrium of Carbon Dioxide in Alkaline Solutions.R. V. Williamson and J. H. MathewsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1924, 16, 11, 1157–1161Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50179a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50179a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Integration of call signaling and resource management for IP telephony (1999)

IP telephony presents a tremendous opportunity to service providers to offer both traditional services as well os a range of creative new services. However, there are substantial challenges to be faced in supporting a resource management framework that is adequate for telephony, and in providing a signaling architecture that enables these services while preserving user privacy and preventing theft of service. This article describes the distributed open signaling architecture, a framework for call signaling and resource management that meets these needs. A key contribution of our work is a recognition of the need for coordination between signaling, which controls access to telephony-specific services, and resource management, which controls access to network-layer resources. We evaluate one approach to resource management in the backbone, consistent with our architecture, using signaling for aggregates of flows. Using traces from cells on the AT&T long distance network, we show that the multiplexing gains achieved by such aggregation con achieve most of the benefits of per-flow signaling, while avoiding its overheads. We also evaluate scheduling algorithms in order to understand their effect on the end-to-end delay experienced by voice packets.