gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overlapped discrete multitone modulation for high speed copper wire communications (1995)

Multicarrier modulation possesses several properties which make it an attractive approach for high speed copper wire communication networks. Among these properties are the ability to efficiently access and distribute multiplexed data streams, and a reduced susceptibility to impulsive, as well as to narrowband channel disturbances. In digital implementations of multicarrier modulation, subcarrier generation and data modulation are accomplished digitally using orthogonal transformations of data blocks. These implementations are particularly efficient with regard to bandwidth utilization and transceiver complexity. In this paper, we present a form of digital multicarrier modulation which we refer to as overlapped discrete multitone, or discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT), modulation. For DWMT modulation, which is based on the application of M-band wavelet filters, the pulses for different data blocks overlap in time, and are designed to achieve a combination of subchannel spectral containment and bandwidth efficiency that is fundamentally better than with other forms of multicarrier modulation. We show that, as a result of the spectral containment feature, DWMT gives a high level of robustness with regard to noise environments and channel variations that are encountered in practice
XII. Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films (1904)

Abstract The present paper contains a discussion of some optical properties of a medium containing minute metal spheres. The discussion is divided into two Parts: the first Part dealing with colours in metal glasses, in which the proportion of volume occupied by metal is small; the second Part dealing with metal films, in which this proportion may have any value from zero to unity. In Part I. the observations of Siedentopf and Zsigmondy beyond the limit of microscopic vision (‘Ann. der Phys.,’ January, 1903) are discussed. It is shown that the particles seen in a gold ruby glass are particles of gold which, when their diameters are less than 0.1μ, are accurately spherical. I have endeavoured to show that the presence of many of these minute spheres to a wave-length of light in the glass will account for all the optical properties of “regular” gold ruby glass, and that the irregularities in colour and in polarisation effects sometimes exhibited by gold glass are due to excessive distance between consecutive gold particles or to excessive size of such particles, the latter, however, involving the former. It is also shown that the radiation from radium is capable of producing in gold glass the ruby colour which is generally produced by re-heating. The method adopted enables us to predict from a knowledge of the metal present in metallic form in a glass what colour that glass will be in its “regular” state.
Dynamic spreading code selection method for PAPR reduction in OFDM-CDMA systems with 4-QAM modulation (2001)

We present a new dynamic spreading code selection technique to obtain low peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing code-division multiple-access (OFDM-CDMA) system with 4-QAM modulation for the down-link in mobile communication. In this method, initially, each user is assigned a low and a high PAPR spreading code, which allows selecting one when the system is operating. The spreading code of each user is dynamically selected so that total PAPR level of the whole user group present in the system is minimized. With the proposed technique, the PAPR level of a system with 10 users and 64 sub-carriers using 64 chip Walsh-Hadamard (WH) codes, can be limited to 15 dB while the worst case theoretical maximum could go up to 28.1 dB. Although 64 chip WH codes are employed to evaluate the performance it can be generalized to all other sets of spreading codes.
A kinetic investigation of the lanthanide DOTA chelates. Stability and rates of formation and of dissociation of a macrocyclic gadolinium(III) polyaza polycarboxylic MRI contrast agent (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA kinetic investigation of the lanthanide DOTA chelates. Stability and rates of formation and of dissociation of a macrocyclic gadolinium(III) polyaza polycarboxylic MRI contrast agentXiangyun Wang, Tianzhu Jin, Vinciane Comblin, Antonio Lopez-Mut, Emile Merciny, and Jean F. DesreuxCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 6, 1095–1099Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00032a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00032a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1609Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stability of a stem-loop involving the initiator AUG controls the efficiency of internal initiation of translation on hepatitis C virus RNA. (2020)

The initiation of translation on the positive-sense RNA genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that occupies most of the 341-nt 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR). Previous studies indicate that this IRES differs from picornaviral IRESs in that its activity is dependent upon RNA sequence downstream of the initiator AUG. Here, we demonstrate that the initiator AUG of HCV is located within a stem-loop (stem-loop IV) involving nt -12 to +12 (with reference to the AUG). This structure is conserved among HCV strains, and is present in the 5'NTR of the phylogenetically distant GB virus B. Mutant, nearly genome-length RNAs containing nucleotide substitutions predicted to enhance the stability of stem-loop IV were generally deficient in cap-independent translation both in vitro and in vivo. Additional mutations that destabilize the stem-loop restored translation to normal. Thus, the stability of the stem-loop is strongly but inversely correlated with the efficiency of internal initiation of translation. In contrast, mutations that stabilize this stem-loop had comparatively little effect on translation of 5' truncated RNAs by scanning ribosomes, suggesting that internal initiation of translation follows binding of the 40S ribosome directly at the site of stem-loop IV. Because stem-loop IV is not required for internal entry of ribosomes but is able to regulate this process, we speculate that it may be stabilized by interactions with a viral protein, providing a mechanism for feedback regulation of translation, which may be important for viral persistence.
Exploiting Unreliability of the PUF to Secure Remote Wireless Sensing (2015)

Wireless sensors attracts increasingly attention from both academia and industry owing to emerging applications built upon them such as Internet of Things, smart home, E-Health, and etc. It becomes a concern that the sensed value should be trusted in such applications scenarios. The security of the sensor used to resort to traditional cryptographic techniques, which, however, only provides limited protection by virtue of its vulnerability to physical attacks and may not economically viable. In this paper, we propose a new sensing methodology making remote sensing highly secure. In particular, we facilitate the susceptibility of physical unclonable function (PUF) to ambient environment variations, acting as a PUF sensor, to grantee the veracity of the sensing value even the PUF sensor is located in an untrusted remote location and the communication channel is also insecure without implementing relatively expensive crypto module. The PUF sensor is costefficient and most importantly anti-counterfeiting, while offers high level security. We demonstrate the practicability of the PUF sensor based on experimental implementations. In addition, we show that the extended sensing functionality of a PUF is actually improving PUF’s resistance against modeling attacks.
Epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen induces localized allergic dermatitis and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after single exposure to aerosolized antigen in mice. (1998)

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and its relationship to asthma remains incomplete. Herein, we describe a murine model of epicutaneous (EC) sensitization to the protein allergen, chicken egg albumin, ovalbumin (OVA), which results in a rise in total and OVA-specific serum IgE and leads to the development of a dermatitis characterized by infiltration of CD3(+) T cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils and by local expression of mRNA for the cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma. A single exposure of the EC sensitized mice to aerosolized OVA induced eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine as assessed by measurement of pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn). These results suggest a possible role for EC exposure to antigen in atopic dermatitis and in the development of allergic asthma.
The surgical applications and implications of cultured human epidermis: a comprehensive review. (1992)

Replacement of skin has long been the ultimate task for surgeons facing skin-resurfacing challenges such as thermal burns and chronic ulcerations. Autologous skin grafts have been the "gold standard" for wound closure, but in patients who are massively burned, the availability of normal skin is the limiting factor. In the past 15 years the technique of in vitro cultivation of human epidermis has been developed in an attempt to deal with the problem of extensive skin loss. Although the technique is costly and arduous, grafting patients who are severely burned with cultured epidermal autografts has proved to be a life-saving measure where few alternatives exist. Cultured allografts have promoted rapid healing and pain relief in patients with chronic ulcers. Although longer follow-up is necessary, recent evidence suggests that cultured epidermis provides a wound cover that is just as durable and esthetically acceptable as conventional split-thickness skin grafts. This article reviews the development and applications of epidermal cell culture.
Uniaxial strain in graphene by Raman spectroscopy:Gpeak splitting, Grüneisen parameters, and sample orientation (2009)

We uncover the constitutive relation of graphene and probe the physics of its optical phonons by studying its Raman spectrum as a function of uniaxial strain. We find that the doubly degenerate ${E}_{2g}$ optical mode splits in two components: one polarized along the strain and the other perpendicular. This splits the $G$ peak into two bands, which we call ${G}^{+}$ and ${G}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, by analogy with the effect of curvature on the nanotube $G$ peak. Both peaks redshift with increasing strain and their splitting increases, in excellent agreement with first-principles calculations. Their relative intensities are found to depend on light polarization, which provides a useful tool to probe the graphene crystallographic orientation with respect to the strain. The 2D and $2{\text{D}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ bands also redshift but do not split for small strains. We study the Gr\"uneisen parameters for the phonons responsible for the $G$, $D$, and ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ peaks. These can be used to measure the amount of uniaxial or biaxial strain, providing a fundamental tool for nanoelectronics, where strain monitoring is of paramount importance
Purification ofMboII methylase (GAAGmA fromMoraxella bovis:site specific cleavage of DNA at nine and ten base pair sequences (1985)

The restriction modification methylase M. Mbo II has been purified using a sensitive oligonucleotide linker assay. The enzyme methylates the Mbo II recognition sequence* GAAGA at adenine to produce GAAGmA. M. Mbo II can be used in conjunction with the methylation dependent restriction endonuclease Dpn I (GmATC) to produce cleavage at the 10 base sequence GAAGATCTTC. When M. Mbo II is used in combination with M. Cla I (ATCGATCGAT), cleavage by Dpn I occurs at the four ten base sequences GAAGATCTTC, GAAGATCGAT, ATCGATCTTC and ATCGATCGAT, which is equivalent to a nine base recognition site. The use of combinations of adenine methylases and Dpn I to generate highly selective DNA cleavages at a variety of sequences up to fourteen base pairs is discussed.
Cytokeratin 14 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases with emphasis on its value in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from other epithelial tumours (2001)

CK14 protein is a useful marker in differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas.
Tethering of the Large Subunits of Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase (1997)

The rpoB and rpoC genes of eubacteria and archaea, coding, respectively, for the beta and beta'-like subunits of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, are organized in an operon with rpoB always preceding rpoC. Here, we show that in Escherichia coli the two genes can be fused and that the resulting 2751-amino acid beta::beta' fusion polypeptide assembles into functional RNA polymerase in vivo and in vitro. The results establish that the C terminus of the beta subunit and the N terminus of the beta' subunit are in close proximity to each other on the surface of the assembled RNA polymerase during all phases of the transcription cycle and also suggest that RNA polymerase assembly in vivo may occur co-translationally.
The Collecting Duct Is the Major Source of Prorenin in Diabetes (2008)

In addition to the juxtaglomerular apparatus, renin is also synthesized in renal tubular epithelium, including the collecting duct (CD). Angiotensin (Ang) II differentially regulates the synthesis of juxtaglomerular (inhibition) and CD (stimulation) renin. Because diabetes mellitus, a disease with high intrarenal renin-Ang system and Ang II activity, is characterized by high prorenin levels, we hypothesized that the CD is the major source of prorenin in diabetes. Renin granular content was visualized using in vivo multiphoton microscopy of the kidney in diabetic Munich-Wistar rats. Diabetes caused a 3.5-fold increase in CD renin, in contrast to less pronounced juxtaglomerular changes. Ang II type 1 receptor blockade with Olmesartan reduced CD renin to control levels but significantly increased juxtaglomerular renin. Using a fluorogenic renin assay, the prorenin component of CD renin content was measured by assessing the difference in enzymatic activity of medullary homogenates before and after trypsin activation of prorenin. Trypsinization caused no change in control renin activity but a 5-fold increase in diabetes. Studies on a CD cell line (M1) showed a 22-fold increase in renin activity after trypsinization and a further 35-fold increase with Ang II treatment. Therefore, prorenin significantly contributes to baseline CD renin. Diabetes, possibly via Ang II, greatly stimulates CD prorenin and causes hyperplasia of renin-producing connecting segments. These novel findings suggest that, in a rat model of diabetes, prorenin content and release from the CD may be more important than the juxtaglomerular apparatus in contrast to the existing paradigm.
The effect of interobserver differences in post‐implant prostate CT image interpretation on dosimetric parameters (2003)

The purpose of this study was to clarify where observers differ in their interpretation of CT scans, and to relate those differences to clinically relevant dosimetric parameters. Twenty unselected patients treated with I-125 or Pd-103 brachytherapy at the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (VAPSHCS) in 2001 were studied. Patients were implanted with I-125 (7 patients, 0.87 mCi/source) or Pd-103 (13 patients, 2.54 U/source). The number of I-125 sources implanted ranged from 52 to 78. The number of Pd-103 sources implanted ranged from 58-144. Post-implant 3 mm CT images were imported into a laptop running Varian Variseed and sent to the four physician investigators, who outlined the prostate independently. Investigators were not coached specifically for this study, beyond their having read prior reports regarding prostate volume determinations. There was moderate interobserver variability in CT volume determination, with the standard deviations as a percent of the mean ranging from 9% to 29% (median: 17%). An average of 14% of implants (range: 5%-20%) would have been judged inadequate based on a minimum V100 of 80%, versus 24% of implants (range: 5%-45%) being judged inadequate based on a minimum D90 of 90% of prescription dose. The greatest variability was seen in prostate length (median standard deviation: 0.57 cm), due to vagaries in base and apical localization. However, the prostatic width and thickness also varied substantially between observers, with median standard deviations of 0.24 and 0.32 cm, respectively. Treatment margin variability was greatest at the anterior border, with a median standard deviation of 0.21 cm +/- 0.10. We believe that CT-based dosimetry, while influenced by CT interpretation, still provides useful general dosimetric calculations, that are likely to be reproducible enough to provide clinically useful information between institutions. The V100 and TMs are less influenced by interobserver CT interpretation variability than is the D90, and may be better suited as interinstitutional quality indices.
Pathways to ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations for Māori in the Auckland and Waitemata regions. (2016)

Interventions to reduce Māori ASH include: timely access to primary care through electronic communications, increased appointment availability, extended opening hours, low cost after-hours care and consistent best management of ASH conditions in general practice through clinical pathways. Facilitated enrolment of ASH patients with no general practitioner could also reduce ASH. Research into transport barriers and enablers for Māori accessing primary care is required to support future interventions.
Switching the Inside and the Outside of Aggregates of Water-Soluble Block Copolymers with Double Thermoresponsivity (2002)

Water-soluble block copolymers were prepared from the nonionic monomer N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and the zwitterionic monomer 3-[N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl]ammoniopropane sulfonate (SPP) by sequential free radical polymerization via the RAFT process. Such block copolymers with two hydrophilic blocks exhibit double thermoresponsive behavior in water: the poly-NIPA block shows a lower critical solution temperature, whereas the poly-SPP block exhibits an upper critical solution temperature. Appropriate design of the block lengths leads to block copolymers which stay in solution in the full temperature range between 0 and 100 degrees C. Both blocks of these polymers dissolve in water at intermediate temperatures, whereas at high temperatures, the poly-NIPA block forms colloidal hydrophobic associates that are kept in solution by the poly-SPP block, and at low temperatures, the poly-SPP block forms colloidal polar aggregates that are kept in solution by the poly-NIPA block. In this way, colloidal aggregates which switch reversibly can be prepared in water, and without any additive, their "inside" to the "outside", and vice versa. The aggregates provide microdomains and surfaces of different character, which can be controlled by a simple thermal stimulus.
Varietal variation in the isoflavone content of subterranean clover: Its estimation by a microtechnique (1965)

The isoflavone content of 46 subterranean clover varieties was estimated by a microtechnique which allowed of the semiquantitative analysis of 100 leaf samples per day. The relative proportions of the three major isoflavones varied greatly between varieties. Twenty-four of the varieties tested were low in formononetin. When crushed leaf blade samples were allowed to stand prior to the addition of ethanol there was a decline in detectable genistein. The rate of decline was dependent on the temperature during standing.
Role for the actomyosin complex in regulated exocytosis revealed by intravital microscopy (2011)

The regulation and the dynamics of membrane trafficking events have been studied primarily in in vitro models that often do not fully reflect the functional complexity found in a living multicellular organism. Here we used intravital microscopy in the salivary glands of live rodents to investigate regulated exocytosis, a fundamental process in all of the secretory organs. We found that β-adrenergic stimulation elicits exocytosis of large secretory granules, which gradually collapse with the apical plasma membrane without any evidence of compound exocytosis, as was previously described. Furthermore, we show that the driving force required to complete the collapse of the granules is provided by the recruitment of F-actin and nonmuscle myosin II on the granule membranes that is triggered upon fusion with the plasma membrane. Our results provide information on the machinery controlling regulated secretion and show that intravital microscopy provides unique opportunities to address fundamental questions in cell biology under physiological conditions.
Technical tip: high-resolution isolation of nanoparticle–protein corona complexes from physiological fluids (2015)

Nanoparticles (NPs) in contact with biological fluids are generally coated with environmental proteins, forming a stronger layer of proteins around the NP surface called the hard corona. Protein corona complexes provide the biological identity of the NPs and their isolation and characterization are essential to understand their in vitro and in vivo behaviour. Here we present a one-step methodology to recover NPs from complex biological media in a stable non-aggregated form without affecting the structure or composition of the corona. This method allows NPs to be separated from complex fluids containing biological particulates and in a form suitable for use in further experiments. The study has been performed systematically comparing the new proposed methodology to standard approaches for a wide panel of NPs. NPs were first incubated in the biological fluid and successively recovered by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation in order to separate the NPs and their protein corona from the loosely bound proteins. The isolated NP-protein complexes were characterized by size and protein composition through Dynamic Light Scattering, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, SDS-PAGE and LC-MS. The protocol described is versatile and can be applied to diverse nanomaterials and complex fluids. It is shown to have higher resolution in separating the multiple protein corona complexes from a biological environment with a much lower impact on their in situ structure compared to conventional centrifugal approaches.