gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-Assisted ALD for the Conformal Deposition of SiO2: Process, Material and Electronic Properties (2012)

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit SiO2 films in the temperature range of Tdep = 50–400°C on Si(100). H2Si[N(C2H5)2]2 and an O2 plasma were used as Si precursor and oxidant, respectively. The ALD growth process and material properties were characterized in detail. Ultrashort precursor doses (~50 ms) were found to be sufficient to reach self-limiting ALD growth with a growth-per-cycle of ~1.2 Å (Tdep = ~200°C) leading to SiO2 films with O/Si ratio of ~2.1. Moreover, the plasma ALD process led to a high conformality (95–100%) for trenches with aspect ratios of ~30. In addition, the electronic (interface) properties of ultrathin ALD SiO2 films and ALD SiO2/Al2O3 stacks were studied by capacitance-voltage and photoconductance decay measurements. The interface quality associated with SiO2 was improved significantly by using an ultrathin ALD Al2O3 capping layer and annealing. The interface defect densities decreased from ~1×1012 eV-1 cm-2 (at mid gap) for single layer SiO2 to &lt;1011 eV-1 cm-2 for the stacks. Correspondingly, ultralow surface recombination velocities &lt;3 cm/s were obtained for n-type Si. The density and polarity of the fixed charges associated with the stacks were found to be critically dependent on the SiO2 thickness (1–30 nm).
GROWTH AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITED MgCdS2 THIN FILMS (2006)

Chemical bath deposited magnesium cadmium sulphide (MgCdS2) thin films on glass slides were studied for its optical properties using spectrophotometers. The optical characterizations show that the band gaps range between 2.30 and 2.60eV which are band gaps close to and higher than the band gaps reported for CdS thin films. The films were found to have average transmittance of greater than 69% in the UV-VISNIR regions while exhibiting reflectance of greater than 9% in the same regions. The estimated data using spectrophotometer show maximum values of refractive index n that range between 2.19 and 2.28, the extinction coefficient k range between 1.57 x 10 -2 and 6.16 x 10 -2 and that of optical conductivity σo between 0.33 x 10 14
Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates the G-protein-coupled Receptor EDG-1 as a Low Affinity Agonist (1998)

EDG-1, an inducible G-protein-coupled receptor from vascular endothelial cells, is a high affinity receptor for sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP) (Lee, M-J., van Brocklyn, J. R., Thangada, S., Liu, C. H., Hand, A. R., Menzeleev, R., Spiegel, S., and Hla, T. (1998) Science 279, 1552-1555). In this study, we show that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a platelet-derived bioactive lipid structurally related to SPP, is an agonist for EDG-1. LPA binds to EDG-1 receptor with an apparent Kd of 2.3 microM. In addition, LPA binding to EDG-1 induces receptor phosphorylation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, as well as Rho-dependent morphogenesis and P-cadherin expression. These data suggest that LPA is a low-affinity agonist for EDG-1. Activation of the endothelial receptor EDG-1 by platelet-derived lipids LPA and SPP may be important in thrombosis and angiogenesis, conditions in which critical platelet-endothelial interactions occur.
Preparation of a New Antivenin by Affinity Chromatography (1985)

Polyacrylamide gel affinity chromatography was employed to isolate and purify antibodies to the antigens of the venoms of four rattlesnakes. The antivenins were studied for their neutralizing properties on a number of pharmacologic preparations. It was found that the purified antibodies (IgG) were more efficacious than the commercially prepared antivenin in neutralizing the lethal, cytolytic, hemorrhagic, platelet aggregating, and other deleterious effects of the venoms. In addition, the purified antibodies gave no evidence of producing anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions in animals sensitized to horse serum. The proposed technique is also more simple than current production methods, is time-saving, and less expensive.
Soluble ST2 predicts elevated SBP in the community (2013)

These findings suggest that sST2 concentrations predict changes in BP physiology typically seen with aging and progressive arterial stiffness. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms by which the ST2/IL-33 pathway may contribute to BP physiology.
30-W/mm GaN HEMTs by Field Plate Optimization (2004)

GaN high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) on SiC were fabricated with field plates of various dimensions for optimum performance. Great enhancement in radio frequency (RF) current-voltage swings was achieved with acceptable compromise in gain, through both reduction in the trapping effect and increase in breakdown voltages. When biased at 120 V, a continuous wave output power density of 32.2 W/mm and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 54.8% at 4 GHz were obtained using devices with dimensions of 0.55×246 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a field-plate length of 1.1 μm. Devices with a shorter field plate of 0.9 μm also generated 30.6 W/mm with 49.6% PAE at 8 GHz. Such ultrahigh power densities are a dramatic improvement over the 10-12 W/mm values attained by conventional gate GaN-based HEMTs.
Inhibitory effects of dietary curcumin on forestomach, duodenal, and colon carcinogenesis in mice. (1994)

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment that is obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn., is a major component of turmeric and is commonly used as a spice and food-coloring agent. The inhibitory effects of feeding commercial grade curcumin (77% curcumin, 17% demethoxycurcumin, and 3% bisdemethoxycurcumin) in AIN 76A diet on carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis in the forestomach, duodenum, and colon of mice were evaluated. Administration p.o. of commercial grade curcumin in the diet inhibited benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumorigenesis in A/J mice, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced duodenal tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice, and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis in CF-1 mice. Dietary commercial grade curcumin was given to mice at: (a) 2 weeks before, during, and for 1 week after carcinogen administration (during the initiation period); (b) 1 week after carcinogen treatment until the end of the experiment (during the postinitiation period); or (c) during both the initiation and postinitiation periods. Feeding 0.5-2.0% commercial grade curcumin in the diet decreased the number of benzo(a)pyrene-induced forestomach tumors per mouse by 51-53% when administered during the initiation period and 47-67% when administered during the postinitiation period. Feeding 0.5-2.0% commercial grade curcumin in the diet decreased the number of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced duodenal tumors per mouse by 47-77% when administered during the postinitiation period. Administration of 0.5-4.0% commercial grade curcumin in the diet both during the initiation and postinitation periods decreased the number of AOM-induced colon tumors per mouse by 51-62%. Administration of 2% commercial grade curcumin in the diet inhibited the number of AOM-induced colon tumors per mouse by 66% when fed during the initiation period and 25% when fed during the postinitiation period. The ability of commercial grade curcumin to inhibit AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis is comparable to that of pure curcumin (purity greater than 98%). Administration of pure or commercial grade curcumin in the diet to AOM-treated mice resulted in development of colon tumors which were generally smaller in number and size as compared to the control group of AOM-treated mice. These results indicate that not only did curcumin inhibit the number of tumors per mouse and the percentage of mice with tumors but it also reduced tumor size. Histopathological examination of the tumors showed that dietary curcumin inhibited the number of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach as well as the number of adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the duodenum and colon.
Widespread use of poly(A) tail length control to accentuate expression of the yeast transcriptome (2007)

Control of poly(A) tail length can affect translation and stability of eukaryotic mRNAs. Although well established for individual cases, it was not known to what extent this type of adjustable gene control is used to shape expression of eukaryotic transcriptomes. Here we report on microarray-based measurements of mRNA poly(A) tail lengths and association with the poly(A)-binding protein Pab1 in S. cerevisiae, revealing extensive correlation between tail length and other physical and functional mRNA characteristics. Gene ontology analyses and further directed experiments indicate coregulation of tail length on functionally and cytotopically related mRNAs to coordinate cell-cycle progression, ribosome biogenesis, and retrotransposon expression. We show that the 3'-untranslated region drives transcript-specific adenylation control and translational efficiency of multiple mRNAs. Our findings suggest a wide-spread interdependence between 3'-untranslated region-mediated poly(A) tail length control, Pab1 binding, and mRNA translation in budding yeast. They further provide a molecular explanation for deadenylase function in the cell cycle and suggest additional cellular processes that depend on control of mRNA polyadenylation.
Using Domains in LDAP/X.500 Distinguished Names (1998)

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) uses X.500compatible distinguished names
Heterogeneity of breakpoints of 11q23 rearrangements in hematologic malignancies identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization. (1993)

Twenty-four patients whose cells contained a variety of 11q23 rearrangements, including translocations, insertions, and an inversion, were studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization with cosmid, phage, and plasmid probes mapped to 11q22-24. In 17 patients, the breakpoints of the common 11q23 translocations involving chromosomes 4, 6, 9, and 19 as well as some uncommon translocations involving 3q23, 17q25, 10p11, and an insertion 10;11 were all located in the breakpoint cluster region of the MLL gene, regardless of age, phenotype of disease, or involvement of a third chromosome. The breakpoints in 11q23 in the other 7 patients with a t(7;11)(p15;q23), inv(11)(p11q23), t(4;11)(q23;q23), der(5)t(5;11)(q13;q23), ins(10;11)(p11;q23q24), t(11;14)(q23;q11), or t(11;18;11) (p15;q21;q23) were located either centromeric to CD3D or telomeric to THY1. Thus, although most 11q23 rearrangements, involve the same breakpoint cluster region of MLL, there is heterogeneity in the breakpoint in some of the rare rearrangements.
Laser assisted boron doping of silicon wafer solar cells using nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses (2011)

In this paper, laser-assisted boron doping of planar and textured silicon wafers is investigated and optimized. Two laser types - a ns laser and a ps laser - are used, both operating at 532 nm. The following laser parameters are varied: pulse energy, repetition rate and laser scribing speed. The boron sources are commercially available spin-on dopant sources. The ps laser gives not satisfactory sheet resistance results and is thus not suitable for creating heavily doped p-type layers using the laser doping approach. In contrast, the ns laser is able to controllably realize heavily doped p-type profiles with desired sheet resistance value of below 100 Ohms/square. On planar surfaces, we realize profiles with a depth of about 0.5-2 μm. Interestingly, on textured samples, the heavily doped profile is found to be much thicker (about 3-5 μm).
Elevated Selecting Levels after Severe Trauma (1996)

A subset of major trauma patients manifest increased levels of circulating E-selectin adhesion molecules after resuscitation. These patients seem to be at increased risk of death and possibly at risk for infections complications and organ failure. Selectin blockade is a potential new immunomodulatory strategy in this subgroup of patients.
Increase in Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Statin Therapy in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

The results of the present study define a novel mechanism of action of statin treatment in patients with stable CAD: the augmentation of circulating EPCs with enhanced functional activity. Given the well-established role of EPCs of participating in repair after ischemic injury, stimulation of EPCs by statins may contribute to the clinical benefit of statin therapy in patients with CAD.
In vitro measurement of quality parameters of stent-catheter systems (2005)

In addition to geometric measurements we evaluated the trackability, crossability of stents in an anatomic coronary model, as well as putatively correlating parameters like bending stiffness and withdrawal forces of the balloon catheter. Five different 3.0mm coronary stent systems (Medtronic AVE S7 15mm, Cordis Bx Sonic 13mm, Guidant Zeta 15mm, Boston Scientific Express 16mm, Biotronik Lekton Motion 15mm) were assessed by measurements of stent geometry and radiopacity estimation as well as by comparison of forces during simulated stenting in a coronary vessel model. The stent diameter in the crimped state was 0.99 – 1.19 mm, and after expansion 3.15 – 3.32 mm. Elastic recoil was 2.6 – 3.3 %. The stents shortened during expansion by 0 – 7.8%. Radiopacity was 15 – 19% above the surrounding grey value. Mean track forces were measured to be 0.89 – 1.11 N while cross forces were 0.04 – 0.11 N. Mean force for pulling back of deflated balloon was 0.6 – 1.1 N. The bending stiffness of the crimped stents was 17.9 – 79.0 N/mm 2 . In the result, geometrical data of the stents showed only a small variability. However, bending stiffness of stents and forces for tracking and crossing the model as well as pulling back the PTCA balloons were remarkable different between systems. Thus, the assessment in a coronary model allows further differentiation of mechanical properties between different stent systems.
Control of octacalcium phosphate and apatite crystal growth by amelogenin matrices (2004)

Tooth enamel, the hardest bioceramic composite in the vertebrate body, is the result of a cascade of intra- and extracellular events. Amelogenins, the principal extracellular matrix protein component of mineralizing enamel, have been considered to play substantial roles in controlling the growth and organization of enamel crystals. Considering octacalcium phosphate (OCP) as a precursor phase of enamel apatite crystallites, we have developed in vitro systems to grow OCP and apatite crystals in amelogenin matrices and therefore to investigate amelogenin–OCP and amelogenin–apatite interactions. This paper reviews our current findings on the effect of amelogenin on the morphology, size, phase and orientation of such crystals.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of two murine 2‘-5‘-oligoadenylate synthetases. Structure-function relationships (1991)

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases constitute a multimember family of interferon-inducible enzymes which need double-stranded RNA as an obligatory cofactor. We have isolated cDNA clones for two new murine synthetases. These two clones, 9-2 and 3-9, encoded proteins of 414 and 363 amino acid residues, respectively, out of which the amino terminal 346 residues were almost identical. They were also very similar to the corresponding regions of human synthetases E16 and E18. On the other hand, the carboxyl-terminal 68 residues of clone 9-2 had no homology with the carboxyl-terminal residues of E18. These murine clones had only 67% amino acid identity with the previously isolated murine synthetase clone L3. 9-2 and 3-9 proteins were expressed efficiently by in vitro transcription and translation of cDNA clones containing the synthetase coding regions preceded by the 5'-untranslated region of the vesicular stomatitis virus NS gene. These in vitro synthetized proteins bound to double-stranded RNA and catalyzed the synthesis of 2'-5' oligoadenylates. A nested set of deletion mutants of the 9-2 clone was produced by restriction digestion and polymerase chain reaction. Functional testing of the corresponding truncated proteins revealed that a region between amino acid residues 104 and 158 was necessary for binding to double-stranded RNA and a region between residues 320 and 344 was necessary for enzyme activity. Moreover substitution of the lysine residue at position 333 by arginine did not affect the enzyme activity.
The Evolution of the Type I Interferons1 (1998)

There are five recognized subtypes within the type I interferons (IFN), IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-delta, IFN-omega, and IFN-tau, although others may remain to be described, and the IFN-omega may have to be subdivided further because of their evident structural complexity. Together, they constitute an ancient family of intronless genes, possibly present in all vertebrates. THe IFNA/IFNB genes originated by duplication of a progenitor after the divergence of birds, most probably about 250 million years ago (MYA). The avian gene itself proceeded to duplicate to form a series of independent subtypes. The IFND, to date described only in the pig, arose from the IFNA lineage before the emergence of mammals about 180 MYA and might, therefore, be generally distributed in present day species. The IFNB, which occurs as a single gene in primates and rodents, have been duplicated in some other orders. Recent events have produced 10 or more genes in bovid species. The IFNA, which are clustered with the IFNW in humans and cattle, exist as multiple genes in all mammals so far examined as a result of a series of duplication events, some of which occurred recently and, therefore, independently in separate mammalian lineages. The IFNW diverged from the IFNA approximately 130 MYA, just prior to the emergence of mammals, and have continued to duplicate since then. The IFNT, which play a role in reproduction of ruminants, arose from an IFNW within the Artiodactyla suborder about 36 MYA and are found only in the suborder Ruminantia. These genes have also continued to duplicate to form an extensive family. Consequently, their involvement in early pregnancy is a feature of ruminants and not of other mammalian species.
High-Q photonic nanocavity (2004)

High Q and ultra-small photonic nanocavity operating at optical communication wavelength is developed using a silicon-based two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab. The cavity is designed based on the concept that light should be confined gently in order to be confined strongly, which means that the envelope function of the cavity electric field profile should be gently varying but remain spatially localized. Structure of a cavity is adjusted to fit the envelope to a Gaussian function that fulfill the two conditions, and a Q factor more than 45,000 and a modal volume of 0.07 &mu;m<sup>3</sup> are successfully realized.
Historical perspective on the chemistry and development of naltrexone. (1981)

The first clinically useful narcotic antagonist was nalorphine. This compound was relatively weak, short-acting, and produced a number of side effects, the most prominent of which were psychotomimetic in nature. For these reasons nalorphine did not qualify as a possible modality for the treatment of heroin addiction. Cyclazocine is a totally synthetic narcotic antagonist which is much more potent and longer acting than nalorphine. It was the first compound used by Martin in clinical trials in postaddicts. However, its dysphoric effects necessitated long induction periods and these CNS effects precluded its use in long-acting delivery systems. Naloxone was a "pure" antagonist which did not produce the psychotomimetic effects of either nalorphine or cyclazocine. Although it is a potent antagonist when given parenterally, it is shorter acting than cyclazocine. Replacement of the N-allyl substituent of naloxone with the cyclopropylmethyl radical of cyclazocine led to naltrexone, which is even more potent than either naloxone or cyclazocine and has a longer duration than naloxone. Because of this favorable combination of properties naltrexone proved to be the drug of choice for inclusion in long-acting delivery systems.
Description of several chemical structure file formats used by computer programs developed at Molecular Design Limited (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDescription of several chemical structure file formats used by computer programs developed at Molecular Design LimitedArthur Dalby, James G. Nourse, W. Douglas Hounshell, Ann K. I. Gushurst, David L. Grier, Burton A. Leland, and John LauferCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1992, 32, 3, 244–255Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00007a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views2878Altmetric-Citations470LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Inverted repeat of a heterologous 3′‐untranslated region for high‐efficiency, high‐throughput gene silencing (2003)

This report describes a method for the easy generation of inverted repeat constructs for the silencing of genes of unknown sequence which is applicable to high-throughput studies. This improved procedure for high-efficiency gene silencing is specific for a target gene, but does not require inverted repeat DNA of the target gene in the construct. The method employs an inverted repeat of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of a heterologous gene, and has been demonstrated using the 3'-UTR region of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is often used as the 3'-UTR for transgene constructs. In a population of independent tomato primary transformants harboring a stably integrated polygalacturonase (PG) transgene driven by a constitutive promoter and linked to an inverted repeat of the nos 3'-UTR, 51 of 56 primary transformants (91% of the population) showed highly effective post-transcriptional silencing of the PG gene, with PG mRNA abundance in ripe fruit reduced by 98% or more. The method was also effective in Arabidopsis, where two different, relatively uncharacterized plant transcription factors were also targeted effectively. This method has the advantage of ease and rapidity in preparation of the constructs, since a gene of interest can be inserted into a binary vector already containing the promoter and the inverted nos domain in a single-cloning step, and does not require any knowledge of the DNA sequence. The approach is suitable for high-throughput gene silencing studies, where it is necessary to investigate the function of hundreds to thousands of uncharacterized genes.