gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capture of electron-deficient species with aryl halides. New syntheses of hypervalent iodonium ylides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapture of electron-deficient species with aryl halides. New syntheses of hypervalent iodonium ylidesRobert M. Moriarty, B. R. Bailey III, O. Prakash, and Indra PrakashCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5, 1375–1378Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00291a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00291a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1296Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rituximab for Children with Immune Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review (2012)

Randomized controlled studies on effect of rituximab for children with ITP are urgently needed, although a series of uncontrolled studies found that rituximab resulted in a good platelet count response both in children with primary and children secondary ITP. Most adverse events associated with rituximab were mild to moderate, and no death was reported.
Estimation of the frequencies of anti‐MAGE‐3 cytolytic T‐lymphocyte precursors in blood from individuals without cancer (1998)

Attempts to detect a cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in melanoma patients vaccinated with MAGE-3 peptides have been negative so far, even though some tumor regressions have been observed. The detection of such responses may require very sensitive detection assays for CTL precursors. To this end, we set up a method whereby a large number of CD8 T-cell microcultures are stimulated with autologous antigen-presenting cells incubated with a peptide, in the presence of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 during the first week, and IL-2 and IL-7 from the second week. We report here that not only monocyte-derived dendritic cells but also activated T cells incubated with the MAGE-3 antigenic peptide presented by HLA-A2 were effective in activating specific CTL precursors present in the blood of individuals without cancer. These precursors were detected in the CD8 CD45RA subpopulation of T cells. Among the CD8 T-lymphocyte population of blood donors, the frequency of CTL precursors specific for the MAGE-3.A2 antigen ranged from 4 to 17 10 7 . For the MAGE-3 antigenic peptide presented by HLA-A1, this frequency ranged from 0.4 to 3 10 7 . Knowing that several parameters of this procedure still have to be optimized, we will begin to use it to evaluate the CTL precursor frequencies of cancer patients before and after injection of MAGE peptides. Int.
Oncogenes in cellular immortalisation and differentiation (review). (1993)

Oncogenes have been shown to be able to overcome the limited proliferative capacity of normal mammalian cells in culture enforcing them to an immortalised phenotype, which in turn may act as a primary step in tumourigenesis. The oncogenes which display such immortalisation activity have the common feature of nuclear localisation, while the oncogenes which are capable of transforming cells are mainly cytoplasmic. Oncogenes from both families have been shown to interfere with the differentiation processes of several cell types. There is evidence that some of these proto-oncogenes may function as regulators of normal cell differentiation, and when immortalisation occurs this is a process of blocking the cell from achieving a differentiated state. This article focuses on the ability of some oncogenes with different functions, such as myc and ras, to override the limited cellular proliferative capacity and their effects on differentiation; finally it examines the recent implications that some onco-suppressor genes are actively participating in cellular differentiation processes.
The Global Burden of Disease Study (2000)

Because of the epidemiological transition, the global burden of illness has changed. Several factors have contributed to this change, including improvements in maternal and child health, increasing age of populations, and newly recognized disorders of the nervous system. It is now evident that neurologic disorders have emerged as priority health problems worldwide. This is reflected in the Global Burden of Disease Study, jointly published by the World Health Organization and other groups. The proportionate share of the total global burden of disease resulting from neuropsychiatric disorders is projected to rise to 14.7% by 2020. Although neurologic and psychiatric disorders comprise only 1.4% of all deaths, they account for a remarkable 28% of all years of life lived with a disability. This study provides compelling evidence that one cannot assess the neurologic health status of a population by examining mortality statistics alone. Health ministries worldwide must prioritize neurologic disorders, and neurologists must be prepared to provide care for increased numbers of people individually and in population groups.
Carbon Dioxide Removal from Air by Adsorbents (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon Dioxide Removal from Air by AdsorbentsC. J. Major, B. J. Sollami, and Karl KammermeyerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1965, 4, 3, 327–333Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260015a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i260015a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Physiology of Wound Healing and Surgical Wound Care (2000)

Wound healing is a systemic process, which occurs stepwise and involves the stages of hemostasis, inflammation, and repair. Hemostasis with fibrin formation creates a protective wound scab. The scab provides a surface beneath which cell migration and movement of the wound edges can occur. Inflammation brings nutrients to the area of the wound, removes debris and bacteria, and provides chemical stimuli for wound repair. Repair begins immediately after wounding and proceeds rapidly through the processes of epithelialization, fibroplasia, and capillary proliferation into the healing area. Different tissues have their own normal rates of growth during the process of healing. The optimal rate of healing is approached when factors advantageous to healing are present and factors having the ability to disturb or retard the healing processes are controlled or absent. These factors are discussed.
Automatic detection of liver tumors (2008)

Tumor detection in CT liver images is a challenging task. The nature of tumor has a direct effect on the number of voxels being contaminated, as well as on the changes in the observed CT scan. In order to deal with this challenge, in this paper we propose the use of advanced non-linear machine learning techniques to determine the optimal features, as well as the hyperplane that use these features to separate tumoral voxels from voxels corresponding to healthy tissues. Very promising classification results using an important volume of clinically annotated data (86% sensitivity, 82% specificity) demonstrate the potentials of our approach.
Dynamics between Community Safety and Development (2008)

This study aims to examine how community goals of safety and development are interrelated over time. It also seeks to understand how stakeholders of safety and development are organized around their own goals and to explore how community organization for safety can affect the actual levels of safety and development. One small to medium-sized community in Illinois, USA was selected as a test community. The hypothesis drawn from conflict theory was first tested with archival and key informant data over the baseline period, and then tested by extending the baseline policy parameters over a 36-year period of time(2007-2043). The interviews with key informants revealed that development stakeholders were better organized to advocate for their own interests than those of safety. For development an active partnership between the public and private sectors was prominent, while for safety city government was the only main stakeholder group. The results of dynamic simulations supported conflict theory over the baseline period, but failed to support it over the extended period. The initial inverse relationship between safety and development shifted to a positive downward trend from a long-term perspective, in contrast to the hypothesis of conflict theory. Further, community organization for safety helped to increase the actual levels of development as well as safety. These findings inspired additional tests to discover policies promoting safety and development in communities.
Cytoskeletal changes in the hippocampus following restraint stress: Role of serotonin and microtubules (2003)

The aetiology of depression is associated with depletion in central levels of serotonin (5-HT). Hence, a major effect of antidepressant drugs is to increase synaptic 5-HT levels. Stressful conditions have also been shown to affect neuronal plasticity and 5-HT neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Neuronal plasticity, which is typically referred to as a structural adaptation of neurons to functional requirements, requires more dynamic forms of microtubules (cytoskeletal component). The alpha-tubulin, which is the major component of microtubules, can be postranslationally modified and both the tyrosinated (tyr-tub) and acetylated (acet-tub) forms are considered markers of more dynamic or more stable microtubules, respectively. The aim of the present work was to investigate the expression of tyr-tub and acet-tub in the hippocampus of rats submitted to either acute (6 h for 1 day) or sub-chronic (6 h for 4 days every day) restraint stress. In addition, ex vivo hippocampal 5-HT levels were monitored by differential pulse voltammetry to analyse the influence of both stress conditions upon 5-HT levels. Our results showed that the expression of tyr-tub in the hippocampus was significantly decreased to 70 +/- 7% following sub-chronic restraint stress (P < 0.01). In contrast, acute and sub-chronic restraint stress increased the hippocampal expression of acet-tub to 139 +/- 11% and 145 +/- 11% of control, respectively. Finally, 5-HT levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) to 142 +/- 15% and 135 +/- 11% following acute and sub-chronic restraint stress, respectively. The stress-induced cytoskeletal changes observed in the present study suggest that the microtubular network is a potential new pathway that may increase our understanding of stress-related events.
The YABBY Gene DROOPING LEAF Regulates Carpel Specification and Midrib Development in Oryza sativa [W] (2004)

In this article, we report that carpel specification in the Oryza sativa (rice) flower is regulated by the floral homeotic gene DROOPING LEAF (DL) that is distinct from the well-known ABC genes. Severe loss-of-function mutations of DL cause complete homeotic transformation of carpels into stamens. Molecular cloning reveals that DL is a member of the YABBY gene family and is closely related to the CRABS CLAW (CRC) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. DL is expressed in the presumptive region (carpel anlagen), where carpel primordia would initiate, and in carpel primordia. These results suggest that carpel specification is regulated by DL in rice flower development. Whereas CRC plays only a partial role in carpel identity, DL may have been recruited to have the more essential function of specifying carpels during the evolution of rice. We also show that DL interacts antagonistically with class B genes and controls floral meristem determinacy. In addition, severe and weak dl alleles fail to form a midrib in the leaf. The phenotypic analysis of dl mutants, together with analyses of the spatial expression patterns and ectopic expression of DL, demonstrate that DL regulates midrib formation by promoting cell proliferation in the central region of the rice leaf.
RECEPTORS AND PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-GENERATED SECOND MESSENGERS (1985)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
A novel phenotype for an activated macrophage: the type 2 activated macrophage (2002)

Activated macrophages were used as antigen presenting cells (APCs) to determine the extent to which these APCs could influence an adaptive immune response. We show that activated macrophages induced a strong polarized Th1-like T cell response that was predominated by IFN-gamma. However, when antigen was targeted to Fcgamma receptors on these macrophages, their phenotype changed, and they now induced a T cell response that was predominated by IL-4. The initial biasing by activated macrophages toward a Th1-like response was a result of activation of the innate immune response, as macrophages from MyD88(-/-) mice failed to produce Th1-inducing cytokines. The reversal of the Th1 biasing was a result of FcgammaR ligation, as macrophages lacking the FcR common gamma chain failed to reverse this biasing. To show that this biasing could occur in vivo, mice were injected with activated macrophages or activated macrophages whose FcgammaR had been ligated with an irrelevant immune complex. Mice injected with FcgammaR-ligated macrophages made more antibody than those receiving conventionally activated macrophages, and the antibody was predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. These studies demonstrate that FcgammaR ligation on activated macrophages can change the phenotype of these APCs to cells that preferentially drive a Th2-like response. We have termed these cells type 2 activated macrophages.
Small Interfering RNA Targeting Bcl-2 Sensitizes Malignant Melanoma (2003)

Malignant melanoma is a prime example of a treatment-resistant tumor with poor prognosis. Even with innovative treatment regimens, response rates remain low, and the duration of responses is short. More than 90% of all melanomas express the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, shown to contribute to a chemoresistant phenotype in melanoma. We previously demonstrated that antisense-mediated inhibition of Bcl-2 sensitizes malignant melanoma to apoptosis-inducing treatment modalities. In the present study, we evaluated synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) compounds targeting Bcl-2 as a novel approach to downregulate Bcl-2 expression in melanoma cells. siRNA treatment led up to a 19-fold reduction of bcl-2 mRNA levels and only barely detectable Bcl-2 protein expression at low nanomolar concentrations. Silencing of Bcl-2 in melanoma cells by specific siRNA led to a moderate increase in apoptotic cell death and inhibition of cell growth. However, if siRNA compounds targeting Bcl-2 were combined with the apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, a massive increase in apoptotic cell death compared with controls was observed. Notably, the combination of Bcl2 siRNA and low-dose cisplatin resulted in a supra-additive effect, with nearly complete suppression of cell growth, whereas cell growth in cisplatin-only-treated cells was only moderately affected (96% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). These findings underline a key role for Bcl-2 in conferring chemoresistance to melanoma and highlight Bcl-2 siRNA strategies as novel and highly effective tools, with the potential for future targeted therapy of malignant melanoma.
Proteolytic degradation of MAD3 (IϰBα) and enhanced processing of the NF-ϰB precursor p105 are obligatory steps in the activation of NF-ϰB (1993)

We have studied the role of protein turnover in the induction of NF-kappa B DNA binding activity. Treatment of cells with tumour necrosis factor (TNF), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or phorbol esters is shown to be associated with an increase in the rate of p105 to p50 processing, and the loss of immunologically detectable MAD3/I kappa B alpha. Phosphate-labelling experiments indicate that these events are preceded by the phosphorylation of MAD3 and p105. The protease inhibitors TLCK (N alpha-p-Tosyl-L-Lysine Chloromethyl Ketone) and TPCK (N alpha-p-Tosyl-L-Phenylalanine Chloromethyl Ketone) inhibit both p105 to p50 processing and MAD3 degradation, and also cause a complete block to NF-kappa B activation. These data suggest a model for NF-kappa B activation in which phosphorylation destabilises the NF-kappa B/MAD3 complex but that, in vivo, this is insufficient to lead to activation in the absence of an obligatory mechanism that degrades MAD3.
Methylation-Spanning Linker Libraries Link Gene-Rich Regions and Identify Epigenetic Boundaries in Zea mays (2002)

Complex cereal genomes are largely composed of small gene-rich regions intermixed with 5 kb to 200 kb blocks of repetitive DNA. The repetitive DNA blocks are usually 5-methylated at 5'-CG-3' and 5'-CNG-3' cytosines in most or all adult tissues, while the genes are generally unmethylated at these sites. We have developed methylation-spanning linker library (MSLL) technology as a tool to span large methylated DNA blocks and thereby link unmethylated genic regions. MSLL clones contain insertions of large fragments that are size fractionated over gels after complete digestion of total genomic DNA with restriction enzymes that are sensitive to the 5-methylation of cytosines in 5'-CG-3' and 5'-CNG-3' sequences. Our data indicate that the end sequences of maize MSLL clones are greatly depleted in repetitive DNAs and enriched in genes relative to total genomic DNA. Combined with other gene-enrichment approaches, MSLL technology can efficiently generate fully-linked contiguous sequences in complex genomes that are resistant to shotgun sequencing.
High Performance Control of a Single-Phase Shunt Active Filter (2007)

Shunt active power filters are devices connected in parallel with nonlinear and reactive loads which are in charge of compensating these characteristics in order to assure the quality of the distribution network. This work analyzes the dynamics of boost-converter used as an active filter and proposes a control system which guarantees closed-loop performance (power factor close to 1 and current harmonics compensation). Proposed controller is hierarchically decomposed in two control loops, one in charge of shaping the current and the other in charge of assuring the power balance. Differently from other works both control loops are analytically tuned. The work describes both the analytical development and the experimental results showing the good performance of the closed-loop system.
Performance of an Immunoradiometric Assay of Erythropoietin and Results for Specimens from Anemic and Polycythemic Patients (1992)

We evaluated a new commercially available two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA; BioMérieux 125I-EPO CoatRIA) for erythropoietin (EPO) in human serum. The precision (CV) was 4.1% intra-assay and 8% interassay for a serum pool with an EPO concentration of 17 int. units/L; the detection limit was 0.5 int. unit/L, one order of magnitude lower than by classical radioimmunoassay (RIA), although standardization of IRMA and RIA were similar. Results by both IRMA and RIA are compared for normal subjects, patients with nonrenal noninflammatory anemias, patients with beta-thalassemia major, hemodialysis patients, and patients with primary or secondary polycythemia. Values by IRMA compared well with those by RIA in the upper area of the range; IRMA and RIA values for EPO show parallel expected variations with the degree of anemia. However, because of its greater sensitivity and specificity, we consider the IRMA more appropriate than RIA for investigating patients with sub-normal EPO concentrations.
Selective Thymus Settling Regulated by Cytokine and Chemokine Receptors (2007)

Abstract To generate T cells throughout adult life, the thymus must import hemopoietic progenitors from the bone marrow via the blood. In this study, we establish that thymus settling is selective. Using nonirradiated recipient mice, we found that hemopoietic stem cells were excluded from the thymus, whereas downstream multipotent progenitors (MPP) and common lymphoid progenitors rapidly generated T cells following i.v. transfer. This cellular specificity correlated with the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 by a subset of MPP and common lymphoid progenitors but not hemopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, CCR9 expression was required for efficient thymus settling. Finally, we demonstrate that a prethymic signal through the cytokine receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 was required for the generation of CCR9-expressing early lymphoid progenitors, which were the most efficient progenitors of T cells within the MPP population. We conclude that fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 signaling is required for the generation of T lineage-competent progenitors, which selectively express molecules, including CCR9, that allow them to settle within the thymus.
Photoluminescence Enhancement of PEG-Modified YAG:Ce3+ Nanocrystal Phosphor Prepared by Glycothermal Method (2005)

Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce3+) nanocrystals were synthesized in 1,4-butylene glycol (BG) with and without poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by the glycothermal method. The internal quantum efficiency of the photoluminescence (PL) corresponding to the 5d --> 4f transition of Ce3+ in the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal increased from 21.3 to 37.9% by addition of PEG, while no appreciable change in the primary particle size, the crystallite size, and the lattice distortion was recognized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy and 1H --> 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS NMR) confirmed the preferential coordination of PEG to the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal. 27Al single-pulse excitation MAS NMR reveals that the ratio of the 4-fold coordination site to the 6-fold coordination site increased from 0.53 to 0.72 by addition of PEG. We conclude that the surface modification of the YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystal by PEG induces the surface passivation, the prevention of the oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+, the promotion of the incorporation of Ce3+ into YAG and the local structural rearrangement, resulting in the PL enhancement.