gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placental Transport and Distribution of Uteroferrin in the Fetal Pig (1982)

Placental transport of uteroferrin (Uf), the progesterone-induced iron transport glycoprotein, and its distribution within the fetus were investigated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase bridge (PAP) technique. In Experiment 1, Uf was localized in endometrial and placental tissues taken from gilts on Days 60, 75, 90 and 105 of pregnancy. Uteroferrin was observed within cells of the endometrial glands and surface epithelium adjacent to placental areolae but not in endometrial surface epithelium between areolae. Heavy staining for Uf was observed in cells of the areolae and was associated with both supra- and infranuclear cytoplasmic vesicles. Vesicles located within the infranuclear cytoplasm were occasionally observed to be releasing their contents into capillaries surrounding the areolae. In Experiment 2, Uf was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples taken from the umbilical vein and artery of fetuses on Day 75 of pregnancy. Uteroferrin concentrations were greater (P less than 0.07) in umbilical vein blood (79.8 +/- 13.1 ng/ml) than in umbilical artery blood (43.9 +/- 13.1 ng/ml). Uteroferrin binding by Day 75 fetal liver membranes was examined in Experiment 3. Binding of 125I-Uf increased linearly with increasing quantities of membrane protein and binding of 125I-Uf was competitively inhibited by adding unlabeled Uf to the assay. In Experiment 4, urine samples were taken from Day 75 fetuses and assayed for beta-mercaptoethanol activated acid phosphatase activity which is indicative of Uf. In addition, urine proteins were analyzed for Uf by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion (ID). Acid phosphatase specific activity was 3.37 +/- 1.83 mumol substrate hydrolyzed/10 min per mg protein. Uteroferrin was detected in two of three urine samples by 2D-PAGE and in three of eight samples by ID. In Experiment 5, tissue distribution of Uf was determined by the PAP technique in liver and kidney tissue taken from fetuses on Day 75 of pregnancy. Staining for Uf was observed in collecting ducts and proximal tubules of kidney tissue, but staining was not observed in liver tissue. These results indicate that Uf is transported by the areolae into the chorioallantoic capillaries and to the fetus by the umbilical vein. Within the fetus Uf is either bound by the liver, probably to supply iron for hematopoiesis, or cleared by the kidney and transported within the urine to the allantoic sac to serve as a temporary iron storage reservoir.
A Comparative Study on Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Enantiomers, Shikonin and Alkannin (1986)

A pharmacological comparison between the enantiomers, shikonin (R) and alkannin (S), was made with regard to their inhibitory effects on the increased capillary permeability and thermal edema in rats, using phenylbutazone as a positive control in both models. The results of experiments have shown that there is no significant difference in the anti-inflammatory activity between the two compounds.
Proteinase C (carboxypeptidase Y) mutant of yeast (1975)

A mutant of yeast lacking proteinase C (carboxypeptidase Y) activity has been found by using a histochemical stain to screen mutagenized colonies. This defect segregates 2:2 in meiotic tetrads. Cell extracts lacked the esterolytic, amidase, and proteolytic activities associated with proteinase C. The absence of proteinase C does not affect mitotic growth and has no obvious effect on the formation of viable ascospores or meiotic segregation. The mutant grows on peptides known to be cleaved by proteinase C in vitro. This finding is consistent with the idea that other enzymes exist in vivo with overlapping substrate specificities.
Behavioral effects of memantine in Alzheimer disease patients receiving donepezil treatment (2006)

Treatment with memantine reduced agitation/aggression, irritability, and appetite/eating disturbances. Memantine reduced agitation/aggression in patients who were agitated at baseline and delayed its emergence in those who were free of agitation at baseline.
Markers and Methods for Cell Sorting of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cell Populations (2007)

Neural cells differentiated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) exhibit broad cellular heterogeneity with respect to developmental stage and lineage specification. Here, we describe standard conditions for the use and discovery of markers for analysis and cell selection of hESC undergoing neuronal differentiation. To generate better-defined cell populations, we established a working protocol for sorting heterogeneous hESC-derived neural cell populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using genetically labeled synapsin-green fluorescent protein-positive hESC-derived neurons as a proof of principle, we enriched viable differentiated neurons by FACS. Cell sorting methodology using surface markers was developed, and a comprehensive profiling of surface antigens was obtained for immature embryonic stem cell types (such as stage-specific embryonic antigen [SSEA]-3, -4, TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60), neural stem and precursor cells (such as CD133, SSEA-1 [CD15], A2B5, forebrain surface embryonic antigen-1, CD29, CD146, p75 [CD271]), and differentiated neurons (such as CD24 or neural cell adhesion molecule [NCAM; CD56]). At later stages of neural differentiation, NCAM (CD56) was used to isolate hESC-derived neurons by FACS. Such FACS-sorted hESC-derived neurons survived in vivo after transplantation into rodent brain. These results and concepts provide (a) a feasible approach for experimental cell sorting of differentiated neurons, (b) an initial survey of surface antigens present during neural differentiation of hESC, and (c) a framework for developing cell selection strategies for neural cell-based therapies.
Mammalian microRNAs: a small world for fine-tuning gene expression (2006)

The basis of eukaryotic complexity is an intricate genetic architecture where parallel systems are involved in tuning gene expression, via RNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and DNA-protein interactions. In higher organisms, about 97% of the transcriptional output is represented by noncoding RNA (ncRNA) encompassing not only rRNA, tRNA, introns, 5' and 3' untranslated regions, transposable elements, and intergenic regions, but also a large, rapidly emerging family named microRNAs. MicroRNAs are short 20-22-nucleotide RNA molecules that have been shown to regulate the expression of other genes in a variety of eukaryotic systems. MicroRNAs are formed from larger transcripts that fold to produce hairpin structures and serve as substrates for the cytoplasmic Dicer, a member of the RNase III enzyme family. A recent analysis of the genomic location of human microRNA genes suggested that 50% of microRNA genes are located in cancer-associated genomic regions or in fragile sites. This review focuses on the possible implications of microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation in mammalian diseases, with particular focus on cancer. We argue that developing mouse models for deleted and/or overexpressed microRNAs will be of invaluable interest to decipher the regulatory networks where microRNAs are involved.
Extracellular Chromatin Is an Important Mediator of Ischemic Stroke in Mice (2012)

Our results indicate that extracellular chromatin is generated and is detrimental during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Targeting DNA and histones may be a new therapeutic strategy to limit injury resulting from ischemic stroke.
Measurement and Correction of Microscopic Head Motion during Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used method for non-invasive study of the structure and function of the human brain. Increasing magnetic field strengths enable higher resolution imaging; however, long scan times and high motion sensitivity mean that image quality is often limited by the involuntary motion of the subject. Prospective motion correction is a technique that addresses this problem by tracking head motion and continuously updating the imaging pulse sequence, locking the imaging volume position and orientation relative to the moving brain. The accuracy and precision of current MR-compatible tracking systems and navigator methods allows the quantification and correction of large-scale motion, but not the correction of very small involuntary movements in six degrees of freedom. In this work, we present an MR-compatible tracking system comprising a single camera and a single 15 mm marker that provides tracking precision in the order of 10 m and 0.01 degrees. We show preliminary results, which indicate that when used for prospective motion correction, the system enables improvement in image quality at both 3 T and 7 T, even in experienced and cooperative subjects trained to remain motionless during imaging. We also report direct observation and quantification of the mechanical ballistocardiogram (BCG) during simultaneous MR imaging. This is particularly apparent in the head-feet direction, with a peak-to-peak displacement of 140 m.
The Movement of the Knee Studied by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2003)

The author's work using magnetic resonance imaging to study the relative movements (the kinematics) of the tibia and femur is reviewed. The description is understood best by reference to comparative anatomy and by dividing the flexion arc into three components. Knee activities take place mainly between 10 degrees and 120 degrees. Over this arc, the articulating surfaces of the femoral condyles are circular in sagittal section and rotate around their center. The medial condyle does not move anteroposteriorly (roll-back does not occur medially). The lateral condyle tends to roll back producing tibial internal rotation with flexion. From full extension to 10 degrees to 30 degrees tibial internal rotation is coupled with flexion. The articulating surfaces medially are a larger radiused anterior femoral facet, which articulates with an upward-sloping tibial facet. Laterally, the femoral condyle rolls forward onto the anterior horn. Flexion beyond 120 degrees only can be achieved passively. Medially, the femur rolls up onto the posterior horn. Laterally, the femur and the posterior horn drop over the posterior tibia.
Single-cell protein-mRNA correlation analysis enabled by multiplexed dual-analyte co-detection (2017)

We have investigated the correlation between proteins and mRNAs in single cells employing an integrated workflow for dual-analyte co-detection. This is achieved by combining the oligo extension reaction (OER), which converts protein levels to DNA levels, with reverse transcription for mRNA detection. Unsupervised gene expression profiling analysis, including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, revealed different aspects of the protein-mRNA relationship. Violin plot analysis showed that some genes exhibited similar distribution patterns for proteins and mRNAs. We also demonstrate that cells can be separated into subpopulations based on their protein-mRNA expression profiles, and that different subpopulations have distinct correlation coefficient values. Our results demonstrated that integrated investigations of mRNA and protein levels in single cells allows comprehensive analysis not attainable at bulk levels.
Apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell growth (2006)

We have previously hypothesized that the development of severe angioproliferative pulmonary hypertension is associated with not only initial endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis followed by the emergence of apoptosis-resistant proliferating EC but also with proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We have demonstrated that EC death results in the selection of an apoptosis-resistant, proliferating, and phenotypically altered EC phenotype. We postulate here that the initial apoptosis of EC induces the release of mediators that cause VSMC proliferation. We cultured EC in an artificial capillary CellMax system designed to simulate the highly efficient functions of the human capillary system. We induced apoptosis of microvascular EC using shear stress and the combined VEGF receptor (VEGFR-1 and -2) inhibitor SU-5416. Flow cytometry for the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine showed that serum-free medium conditioned by apoptosed EC induced proliferation of VSMC, whereas serum-free medium conditioned by nonapoptosed EC did not. We also show that medium conditioned by apoptosed EC is characterized by increased concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and VEGF compared with medium conditioned by nonapoptosed EC and that TGF-beta1 blockade prevented the proliferation of cultured VSMC. In conclusion, EC death induced by high shear stress and VEGFR blockade leads to the production of factors, in particular TGF-beta1, that activate VSMC proliferation.
Purification and characterization of recombinant human fibrinogen (1993)

Our laboratory has been using protein engineering to study the relationship of primary structure to fibrinogen function. In order to examine genetically altered domains in the context of the intact, functional fibrinogen molecule, we have expressed recombinant human fibrinogen in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The cDNA for each fibrinogen chain was individually cloned into the same expression vector. Each vector was cotransfected with the selection vector pRSVneo into CHO cells. In addition, the plasmids encoding Aα and γ were cotransfected with pRSVneo. Cells resistant to G418, a neomycin analogue, were isolated and clonal lines developed. Analysis of these lines demonstrated that CHO cells express and secrete free γ chain, and an Aα-γ complex. To obtain recombinant fibrinogen, the Aα-γ G418-resistant clones were transfected with the Bβ expression plasmid and a second selection vector, pMSVhis. Colonies resistant to neomycin and histidinol were selected and clonal lines obtained. These clones secreted biologically active recombinant human fibrinogen, which was purified from serum-free culture media by protamine-Sepharose chromatography. Analysis of the purified protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gels demonstrated a pattern indistinguishable from plasma fibrinogen. Removal of Asn-linked carbohydrate with glycosidase F revealed the presence of carbohydrate on the Bβ and γ chains, as is seen for plasma fibrinogen.
Functional expression of a human TCRβ gene in transgenic mice (1993)

A functionally rearranged TCR beta (Tcrb) gene was isolated from a cloned human T helper cell recognizing the CS.T3 epitope of Plasmodium falciparum with HLA-DR2. Transgenic mice were generated by co-injection of the human gene together with the mouse Tcrb enhancer. Analysis of transgenic mice shows that the functional Tcrb gene of xenogenic, i.e. human, origin exerts allelic exclusion of endogenous Tcrb genes. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed expression of the human TCR beta chain on virtually all thymocytes and peripheral T cells together with endogenous TCR beta chains and CD3 components. No surface expression of mouse TCR beta chain or rearrangement of endogenous Tcr genes was detectable. Expression of the hybrid receptor causes a reduction in the number of thymocytes and a bias for CD4+CD8- T cells in the thymus as compared with non-transgenic littermates. Peripheral transgenic T cells mount a normal proliferative response against allogeneic targets in mixed lymphocyte reactions. These results show that a hybrid mouse/human TCR is able to pass positive and negative selection in the thymus, and is functional in transgenic mice.
Progressive Attention Guided Recurrent Network for Salient Object Detection (2018)

Effective convolutional features play an important role in saliency estimation but how to learn powerful features for saliency is still a challenging task. FCN-based methods directly apply multi-level convolutional features without distinction, which leads to sub-optimal results due to the distraction from redundant details. In this paper, we propose a novel attention guided network which selectively integrates multi-level contextual information in a progressive manner. Attentive features generated by our network can alleviate distraction of background thus achieve better performance. On the other hand, it is observed that most of existing algorithms conduct salient object detection by exploiting side-output features of the backbone feature extraction network. However, shallower layers of backbone network lack the ability to obtain global semantic information, which limits the effective feature learning. To address the problem, we introduce multi-path recurrent feedback to enhance our proposed progressive attention driven framework. Through multi-path recurrent connections, global semantic information from the top convolutional layer is transferred to shallower layers, which intrinsically refines the entire network. Experimental results on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that our algorithm performs favorably against the state-of-the-art approaches.
Mitotic arrest by benzimidazole analogs in human lymphocyte cultures (1980)

Published reports have suggested the possible association of mutagenic or teratogenic properties of some benzimidazole analogs with induced spindle disruption and consequent mitotic arrest. Studies were conducted to explore this correlation. Seven benzimidazole analogs were evaluated in a human lymphocyte system for ability to block mitosis at metaphase. Confirming the previously reported results, four compounds, mebendazole, parbendazole, cambendazole, and fenbendazole, caused metaphase accumulation, which we found to be dose- and time-related. Minimum effective dose for mebendazole and cambendazole was 10 microgram/ml; for parbendazole, 1 microgram/ml; and for fenbendazole, 100 microgram/ml. The drug-induced mitotic arrest is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that produced by colcemid. No activity was observed with three other compounds, benzimidazole, thiabendazole, and oxfendazole when tested at 100 microgram/ml. Presence of absence of mitotic effects is correlated with reported teratogenicity with five out of the seven analogs. This suggests some utility of mitotic assessments for predicting teratogenicity.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Lipid A Derivative That Contains an Aminogluconate Moiety (2004)

A highly convergent strategy for the synthesis of several derivatives of the lipid A of Rhizobium sin-1 has been developed. The synthetic derivatives are 2-aminogluconate 3 and 2-aminogluconolactone 4, both of which lack C-3 acylation. These derivatives were obtained by the preparation of disaccharides in which the two amino groups and the C-3' hydroxy group could be modified individually with acyl or beta-hydroxy fatty acyl groups. Detailed NMR spectroscopy and MS analysis of 3 and 4 revealed that, even under neutral conditions, the two compounds equilibrate. The synthetic compounds lack the proinflammatory effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as indicated by an absence of tumor necrosis factor production. Although 3 and 4 were able to antagonize E. coli LPS, they were significantly less potent than the synthetic compound 2, which is acylated at C-3, and R. sin-1 LPS; these results indicate that the beta-hydroxy fatty acyl group at C-3 contributes to the antagonistic properties of R. sin-1 LPS. Based on a comparison of the biological responses of the synthetic lipid A derivatives with those of the R. sin-1 LPS and lipid A, the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic moieties appear to be important for the optimal antagonization of enteric LPS-induced cytokine production.
Isolation and characterization of highly purified mosquito oostatic hormone (1985)

Abstract Oostatic hormone, the hormone that inhibits vitellogenesis in mosquitoes, was purified 7,000‐fold with a recovery of 70% from the ovaries of the mosquito Aedes aegypti . The purification procedure included heat treatment and chromatography on ion exchange and gel filtration columns. The hormone is a small peptidelike molecule of molecular weight 2,200 at pH 4.5, which aggregates into larger molecular species of trimer and octamer at pH 7.0 as determined by gel filtration. The hormone is positively charged at pH 7.8 and has a low Rf at pH 9.4 on disc gel electrophoresis. Injection of purified oostatic hormone (9 ng) into female mosquitoes inhibited yolk deposition and vitellogenin synthesis. Activity of the oostatic hormone in the mosquito ovary increased rapidly following blood feeding and reached a maximum after 48 h. Oostatic hormone of A. aegypti injected into autogenous Aedes taeniorhynchus inhibited egg development. Repeated injections of dilute oostatic hormone at 24 h intervals partially arrested egg development, resulting in 60% reduction in the number of eggs laid. This hormone does not block release of egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH) from the mosquito brain but rather appears to act on the ovary.
Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1647 on different parameters of honeybee colonies and bacterial populations of the bee gut (2015)

Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1647, isolated from the intestinal tract of a worker-bee in Salta, Argentina, was delivered to Apis mellifera L. honey bee colonies according to two different administration schedules: 1×10(5) cfu/ml every 15 days (2011) or monthly (2012). The effect of each treatment on the bee-colony performance was monitored by measuring honey production, and the prevalence of varroasis and nosemosis. Worker bees from each assay were randomly captured 3 days after administration and assayed for the following intestinal culturable and defined bacterial populations: total aerobic microorganisms, Bacillus spp. spores, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp. and enterobacteria. Interestingly, both treatments generated a similar increase in honey production in treated colonies compared to controls: 36.8% (every 15 days) and 36.3% (monthly). Nosema index always exhibited a reduction when lactobacilli were administered; in turn, Varroa incidence was lower when the lactobacilli were administered once a month. Moreover, the administration of L. johnsonii CRL1647 every 15 days produced an increase in the total number of aerobic microorganisms and in bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Enterococcus; at the same time, a decrease was observed in the number of total spores at the end of the treatment. The number of enterobacteria was constant and remained below that of control hives at the end of the assay. On the other hand, the delivery of lactobacilli once a month only showed an increase in the number of bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus; meanwhile, viable counts of the remaining microorganisms assayed were reduced. Even though it seems that both treatments were similar, those bee colonies that received L. johnsonii CRL1647 every 15 days became so strong that they swarmed.