gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Fluorescence Imaging and Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement of Light Harvesting Complexes in Intact Photosynthetic Membranes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNear-Field Fluorescence Imaging and Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement of Light Harvesting Complexes in Intact Photosynthetic MembranesRobert C. Dunn, Gary R. Holtom, Laurens Mets, and X. Sunney XieCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 12, 3094–3098Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100063a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100063a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of recombinant bispecific antibodies based on humanized anti-EGFR antibody (2011)

We performed in vitro and in vivo experiments of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) x anti-CD3 bispecific diabody (hEx3-Db) with the IgG-like bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) (hEx3-scFv-Fc and hEx3-scDb-Fc) and the anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody cetuximab to assess the effect of BsAbs on cancer growth inhibition. In vitro, efficacy of the BsAbs and cetuximab were compared by growth inhibition assays of human cell lines of bile duct (TFK-1, HuCC-T1, OCUCh-LM1), epidermoid (A431), gastric (Kato-III), colon (DLD-1, SW480), and breast (SK-BR-3, MCF-7) cancer. In vivo, in three mouse models, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of hEx3-Db and cetuximab, assessed the effect of hEx3-Db alone, and compared the antitumor activity of hEx3-Db with the IgG-like BsAbs. In vitro, hEx3-scFv-Fc showed nearly 100% killing activity for all cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo, hEx3-Db needed CD3-positive phenotypes to induce a growth inhibitory effect. In contrast, IgG-like BsAbs showed monotherapeutic effects in vivo by inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) similar to cetuximab. However, enhancement was not observed when lymphokine-activated killer cells with the T-cell phenotype were co-injected. Results suggest that IgG-like BsAbs could not efficiently direct T lymphocytes toward tumor cells to induce ADCC due to steric hindrance on binding to CD3- and Fc-receptor-positive phenotypes. Although hEx3-scFv-Fc showed high cytotoxicity in vitro, its high molecular weight limits its usefulness. With an in vivo effect comparable to hEx3-scFv-Fc and its realistic molecular weight, hEx3-scDb-Fc shows promise as a novel recombinant therapeutic antibody and may be modified to enhance its potency by prevention of steric hindrance.
THE CATALYTIC COMBINATION OF ETHYLENE AND HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF METALLIC COPPER III. CARBON MONOXIDE AS A CATALYST POISON (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CATALYTIC COMBINATION OF ETHYLENE AND HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF METALLIC COPPER III. CARBON MONOXIDE AS A CATALYST POISONRobert N. Pease and Leland StewartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1925, 47, 5, 1235–1240Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1925https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01682a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01682a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel chiral porous metal–organic framework: asymmetric ring opening reaction of epoxide with amine in the chiral open space (2007)

A novel chiral metal-organic framework, [Cu(2)(5,5'-BDA)(2)] was synthesized by treating chiral 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthalene-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (5,5'-H(2)BDA) with a Cu(II) ion, in which the asymmetric ring opening reaction of an epoxide with amine proceeds efficiently under solvent-free conditions.
Measurement of Glutamate and Glutamine in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Never-Treated Schizophrenic Patients and Healthy Controls by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1997)

Increased glutamine levels in the medial prefrontal region most likely reflect decreased glutamatergic activity in this region in never-treated schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls.
Rituximab Therapy for the Type B Syndrome of Severe Insulin Resistance (2004)

To the Editor: The type B syndrome of severe insulin resistance is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor1 and frequently results in symptomatic hyperglycemia that ...
Bioinspired Colloidal Photonic Crystals with Controllable Wettability (2011)

Because of the combinatorial advantage of their unique light manipulation properties and potential applications in novel optical devices, colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), the periodic arrangement of monodispersed latex spheres, have attracted interest from researchers. In particular, colloidal PCs exhibit structural colors based on interference effects within their periodic structures. The wavelength of these colors lies in the visible range, making them particularly attractive for a variety of applications. Colloidal PCs are extensively used in templating, catalysis, and chromatographic separations. Inspired by biological PCs with both structural color and specific wettability, researchers have fabricated colloidal PCs with controllable wettability as described in this Account. The wettability can be adjusted by the intrinsic roughness of colloidal crystals in combination with the tunable chemical composition of latex surfaces. Changes in the chemical composition of the latex surface under external stimuli, such as light, electricity, and heat, can reversibly control the wettability of PCs. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of latex particles can effectively alter the water adhesive force of superhydrophobic colloidal PCs. Patterned PCs with a variety of wettabilities can be assembled using inkjet printing from well-designed latex suspensions. By combining their structural color and specific wettability, we also exemplify some of the promising applications of colloidal PCs as templates for the construction of hierarchical structures, as indicators for controllable transport of liquid droplets, and as color-based sensors for the monitoring changes in their environment. These findings offer innovative insights into the design of novel colloidal PCs and will be of great importance for further applications of these materials.
Analysis of Time-Series Gene Expression Data: Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities (2007)

Monitoring the change in expression patterns over time provides the distinct possibility of unraveling the mechanistic drivers characterizing cellular responses. Gene arrays measuring the level of mRNA expression of thousands of genes simultaneously provide a method of high-throughput data collection necessary for obtaining the scope of data required for understanding the complexities of living organisms. Unraveling the coherent complex structures of transcriptional dynamics is the goal of a large family of computational methods aiming at upgrading the information content of time-course gene expression data. In this review, we summarize the qualitative characteristics of these approaches, discuss the main challenges that this type of complex data present, and, finally, explore the opportunities in the context of developing mechanistic models of cellular response.
Joint temporal-spatial rate control for adaptive video transcoding (2003)

A joint temporal-spatial rate control method is proposed for adaptive MPEG video transcoding in this work. The proposed rate control scheme adjusts both the frame rate and the frame quantization step size according to the available channel bandwidth to achieve good temporal-spatial quality tradeoff. In the proposed transcoding scheme, motion vectors are reused to facilitate the transcoding speed. Consequently, I and P frames are not skipped in order to maintain the prediction sequential order while some B frames containing more temporal redundancy may be skipped to save the bit rate for image quality enhancement. Skipped frames can be regenerated at the decoder to ensure the full frame rate playback. The TM7 quadratic Rate-Qtz model is adopted in the proposed scheme to calculate the re-quantization step size from a given target bit rate. Simulation results show that the proposed rate control scheme outperforms the MPEG-4 frame level rate control in the average PSNR value when applied to the context of MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 video transcoding. The complexity of the proposed transcoder remains low so that it can be used in real-time applications.
A Novel Cartilage Protein (CILP) Present in the Mid-zone of Human Articular Cartilage Increases with Age (1998)

A novel, somewhat basic noncollagenous protein was purified from guanidine hydrochloride extracts of human articular cartilage using cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography at pH 5, and gel filtration on two serially coupled columns of Superose 6 and Superdex 200. The protein of 91.5 kDa contains a single polypeptide chain substituted with N-linked oligosaccharides. It appeared unique to cartilage as studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblots of various tissue extracts. Its concentration in articular cartilages showed some variability with age being lower in young individuals. It represents a chondrocyte product, since it is synthesized by articular chondrocytes in explant cultures. Interestingly, the distribution of the protein in the articular cartilage provides important information on the nature of chondrocytes at different compartments in the tissue. Thus, chondrocytes in the middle/deeper layers of the tissue in particular, appeared to have produced the protein and deposited it in the interterritorial matrix. The protein was neither seen in the superficial nor in the deepest regions of the articular cartilage. Based on its immunolocalization we have named this protein CILP (cartilage intermediate layer protein).
Reduced suppressive effect of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells on the T cell immune response against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in patients with multiple sclerosis (2005)

Immunoregulatory T cells of (CD4+)CD25+ phenotype suppress T cell function and protect rodents from organ-specific autoimmune disease. The human counterpart of this subset of T cells expresses high levels of CD25 and its role in human autoimmune disorders is currently under intense investigation. In multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), the activation of circulating self-reactive T cells with specificity for myelin components is considered to be an important disease initiating event. Here, we investigated whether MS is associated with an altered ability of (CD4+)CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg) to confer suppression of myelin-specific immune responses. Whereas Treg frequencies were equally distributed in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients and did not differ compared to healthy controls, the suppressive potency of patient-derived (CD4+)CD25high T lymphocytes was impaired. Their inhibitory effect on antigen-specific T cell proliferation induced by human recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte protein as well as on immune responses elicited by polyclonal and allogeneic stimuli was significantly reduced compared to healthy individuals. The effect was persistent and not due to responder cell resistance or altered survival of Treg, suggesting that a defective immunoregulation of peripheral T cells mediated by (CD4+)CD25high T lymphocytes promotes CNS autoimmunity in MS.
Muscle-specific CRISPR/Cas9 dystrophin gene editing ameliorates pathophysiology in a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2017)

Gene replacement therapies utilizing adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors hold great promise for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A related approach uses AAV vectors to edit specific regions of the DMD gene using CRISPR/Cas9. Here we develop multiple approaches for editing the mutation in dystrophic mdx<sup>4cv</sup> mice using single and dual AAV vector delivery of a muscle-specific Cas9 cassette together with single-guide RNA cassettes and, in one approach, a dystrophin homology region to fully correct the mutation. Muscle-restricted Cas9 expression enables direct editing of the mutation, multi-exon deletion or complete gene correction via homologous recombination in myogenic cells. Treated muscles express dystrophin in up to 70% of the myogenic area and increased force generation following intramuscular delivery. Furthermore, systemic administration of the vectors results in widespread expression of dystrophin in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Our results demonstrate that AAV-mediated muscle-specific gene editing has significant potential for therapy of neuromuscular disorders.
Osteopontin Stimulates Tumor Growth and Activation of Promatrix Metalloproteinase-2 through Nuclear Factor-κB-mediated Induction of Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase in Murine Melanoma Cells (2001)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play critical roles in tissue repair, tumor invasion, and metastasis. MMPs are regulated by different cytokines, ECM proteins, and other factors. However, the molecular mechanisms by which osteopontin (OPN), an ECM protein, regulates ECM invasion and tumor growth and modulates MMP activation in B16F10 cells are not well defined. We have purified OPN from human milk and shown that OPN induces pro-MMP-2 production and activation in these cells. Moreover, our data revealed that OPN-induced membrane type 1 (MT1) MMP expression correlates with translocation of p65 (nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)) into the nucleus. However, when the super-repressor form of IkappaBalpha (inhibitor of NF-kappaB) was transfected into cells followed by treatment with OPN, no induction of MT1-MMP expression was observed, indicating that OPN activates pro-MMP-2 via an NF-kappaB-mediated pathway. OPN also enhanced cell migration and ECM invasion by interacting with alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, but these effects were reduced drastically when the MMP-2-specific antisense S-oligonucleotide was used to suppress MMP-2 expression. Interestingly, when the OPN-treated cells were injected into nude mice, the mice developed larger tumors, and the MMP-2 levels in the tumors were significantly higher than in controls. The proliferation data indicate that OPN increases the growth rate in these cells. Both tumor size and MMP-2 expression were reduced dramatically when anti-MMP-2 antibody or antisense S-oligonucleotide-transfected cells were injected into the nude mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report that MMP-2 plays a direct role in OPN-induced cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth and that demonstrates that OPN-stimulated MMP-2 activation occurs through NF-kappaB-mediated induction of MT1-MMP.
Growth disorders and homocysteine metabolism. (1975)

Inherited disorders of homocysteine metabolism produce accelerated growth and arteriosclerosis with myointimal hyperplasia. The growth of cell cultures from cystathionine synthetase deficient individuals with homocystinuria is characterized by abnormal contact inhibition and production of an aggregated proteoglycan matrix which binds excess sulfate. Homocysteic acid, a precursor of sulfate ester, increases the growth rate of normal guinea pigs. Synthesis of homocysteic acid from homocysteine thiolactone is more rapid in the livers of young animals than adults, and hypophysectomy results in a pattern of homocysteine thiolactone metabolism resembling that in liver of adult animals. Homocysteine thiolactone metabolism differs in guinea pig, an herbivorous species, and in rat, an omnivorous species. Sulfate binding by cultured human cells is slightly increased when homocysteic acid is present in the culture medium. These observations suggest a relationship between homocysteic acid and somatomedin, a serum polypeptide which mediates the action of growth hormone. The growth disorders associated with homocystinuria, including arteriosclerosis and accelerated growth, are believed to result from increased conversion of methionine to homocysteine thiolactone and homocysteic acid.
Detoxification of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates for Improved Bioethanol Production (2011)

Lignocelluloses are the most abundant raw materials on Earth comprised of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. After cellulose, hemicellulose is the principal fraction of the plant cell wall that could serve as a potential substrate for the production of value-added products under optimized conditions [Chandel & Singh, 2011; Chandel et al., 2010a; Hahn-Hagerdal et al., 2007; Saha, 2003]. Largely, the secondary cell wall of plants contains cellulose (40– 80%), hemicellulose (10–40%), and lignin (5–25%). The carbohydrate fraction of the plant cell wall can be converted into fermentable monomeric sugars through acidic and/or enzymatic (hemicellulase/cellulase) reactions, which have been exploited to produce ethanol, xylitol, n-butanol and 2, 3-butanediol via microbial fermentation processes [Sun, 2009.; Chandel et al., 2010a; Carvalheiro et al., 2005; Saha, 2003]. Until now the pretreatment is unavoidable necessity, which has been examined and employed extensively in the past [Moiser et al., 2005, Taherzadeh & Karimi 2007; Kumar et al., 2009; Chandel et al., 2010b]. The acidic pretreatment of lignocellulosics hydrolyzes the hemicellulose fraction, enabling subsequent enzymatic digestion of the cellulose in fermentation reaction [Kumar et al., 2009; Chandel et al., 2007a; Chandel et al., 2007b; Chandel et al., 2007c]. However, the non-specificity of acidic treatment led to the formation of complex sugars and compounds inhibitory to the microorganisms for ethanol production [Parawira & Tekere, 2011]. The depolymerization of hemicellulose by chemical process yields xylose as the major fraction and arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose in smaller fractions in addition to potential microbial inhibitors [Chandel et al., 2010a; Girio et al., 2010; Chandel et al., 2009; Chandel et al., 2007a]. These inhibitors can be divided into three major groups (Fig. 1), i.e. organic acids (acetic, formic and levulinic acids), ii. furan derivatives [furfural and 5hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)], iii. phenolic compounds [Chandel et al., 2010a; Chandel et al, 2007b; Mussatto and Roberto, 2004; Palmqvist and Hahn-Hagerdal, 2000a], affecting overall cell physiology and often result in decreased viability, ethanol yield, and productivity [Chandel et al, 2007a; Palmqvist & Hahn-Hagerdal, 2000a]. The ethanologenic microorganisms have ability to degrade some of the inhibitors; however, the toxicity of hydrolysate was determined by the aggregate effect of compounds [Mussatto and Roberto, 2004; Zaldivar et al., 2001]. Progress has been made to achieve higher levels of sugars by diminishing the overall impact of fermentative inhibitors which in-turn improves the fermentability of lignocellulosic hydrolysates [Alriksson et al., 2011; Sun & Liu, 2011;
Always-on Vision Processing Unit for Mobile Applications (2015)

Myriad 2 is a multicore, always-on system on chip that supports computational imaging and visual awareness for mobile, wearable, and embedded applications. The vision processing unit incorporates parallelism, instruction set architecture, and microarchitectural features to provide highly sustainable performance efficiency across a range of computationalImaging and computer vision applications, including those with low latency requirements on the order of milliseconds.
Folding of Fumarase during Mitochondrial Import Determines its Dual Targeting in Yeast (2003)

We have previously proposed that a single translation product of the FUM1 gene encoding fumarase is distributed between the cytosol and mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and that all fumarase translation products are targeted and processed in mitochondria before distribution. Thus, fumarase processed in mitochondria returns to the cytosol. In the current work, we (i) generated mutations throughout the coding sequence which resulted in fumarases with altered conformations that are targeted to mitochondria but have lost their ability to be distributed; (ii) showed by mass spectrometry that mature cytosolic and mitochondrial fumarase isoenzymes are identical; and (iii) showed that hsp70 chaperones in the cytosol (Ssa) and mitochondria (Ssc1) can affect fumarase distribution. The results are discussed in light of our model of targeting and distribution, which suggests that rapid folding of fumarase into an import-incompetent state provides the driving force for retrograde movement of the processed protein back to the cytosol through the translocation pore.
Upregulation of mortalin/mthsp70/Grp75 contributes to human carcinogenesis (2006)

Mortalin, also known as mthsp70/GRP75/PBP74, interacts with the tumor suppressor protein p53 and inactivates its transcriptional activation and apoptotic functions. Here, we examined the level of mortalin expression in a large variety of tumor tissues, tumor-derived and in vitro immortalized human cells. It was elevated in many human tumors, and in all of the tumor-derived and in vitro immortalized cells. In human embryonic fibroblasts immortalized with an expression plasmid for hTERT, the telomerase catalytic subunit, with or without human papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes, we found that subclones with spontaneously increased mortalin expression levels became anchorage-independent and acquired the ability to form tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, overexpression of mortalin was sufficient to increase the malignancy of breast carcinoma cells. The study demonstrates that upregulation of mortalin contributes significantly to tumorigenesis, and thus is a good candidate target for cancer therapy.