gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ornithine degradation in Clostridium sticklandii. Pyridoxal phosphate and coenzyme A dependent thiolytic cleavage of 2-amino-4-ketopentanoate to alanine and acetyl coenzyme A (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrnithine degradation in Clostridium sticklandii. Pyridoxal phosphate and coenzyme A dependent thiolytic cleavage of 2-amino-4-ketopentanoate to alanine and acetyl coenzyme AI. M. Jeng, R. Somack, and H. A. BarkerCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 14, 2898–2903Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00711a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00711a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation and expression of human CYP7B1 in prostate: Overexpression of CYP7B1 during progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma (2007)

Abstract BACKGROUND Cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 7B1 is involved in many metabolic processes including androgen metabolism. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7B1 is expressed within the prostate and may determine the levels of the natural estrogen receptor β (ERβ) ligand 5α‐androstane‐3β,17β‐diol (3βAdiol) available and hence affect the regulation of prostate proliferation. We hypothesized that CYP7B1 expression is increased in prostate tumors and that promoter methylation contributes to the regulation of CYP7B1 expression in human prostate tissue. METHODS Expression of the CYP7B1 gene and protein in clinical prostate tissues and prostate cancer cell lines were investigated using real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The methylation status of the CYP7B1 gene was analyzed using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). RESULTS The immunohistochemical results demonstrate that high expression of CYP7B1 protein occurs in high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinomas. The ERβ/CYP7B1 mRNA ratio was significantly lower in tumor compared to the non‐tumor area. The MSP analysis indicate that local methylation of CYP7B1 promoter region is an important mechanism involved in down‐regulation of CYP7B1 in human prostate tissue. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that CYP7B1 is overexpressed in high‐grade PIN and in prostate cancer and that local methylation of CYP7B1 promoter region may have significant effect on gene transcription. Prostate 67: 1439–1446, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complex Regulation of CDK2 During Phorbol Ester-Induced Hematopoietic Differentiation (1997)

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment of U937 human leukemic cells results in late G1 cell cycle arrest and terminal monocyte/macrophage-like differentiation. The PMA-induced G1 arrest involves a marked decrease in cdk2 activity, which correlates with total cdk2 dephosphorylation. Here, we show that the levels of cyclin A mRNA and protein markedly decrease during PMA-induced differentiation of U937 cells. In contrast, the level of cyclin E protein remains unchanged and in a complex with cdk2 during the entire course of PMA treatment. During the PMA-induced differentiation, cyclin E-associated cdk2 activity drops markedly. Furthermore, the amount of p27(Kip1) protein associated with cyclin E/cdk2 greatly increases 24 to 72 hours after PMA treatment. The absence of changes in p27(Kip1) mRNA levels by Northern blot suggest that the levels of this protein are controlled by posttranscriptional or posttranslational mechanism(s). These results show that the mechanisms mediating PMA-induced G1 arrest are complex. The inhibition of cdk2 activity is associated with (1) a decrease in cyclin A protein levels, (2) inactivation of cdk2 complexes, and (3) upregulation of p27(Kip1) protein.
Hierarchical Clustering Schemes (1967)

Techniques for partitioning objects into optimally homogeneous groups on the basis of empirical measures of similarity among those objects have received increasing attention in several different fields. This paper develops a useful correspondence between any hierarchical system of such clusters, and a particular type of distance measure. The correspondence gives rise to two methods of clustering that are computationally rapid and invariant under monotonic transformations of the data. In an explicitly defined sense, one method forms clusters that are optimally “connected,” while the other forms clusters that are optimally “compact.”
State Law Governance Of Health Information Technology (2017)

Howdy! So I am new to Texas A&M and that is the official Texas A&M greeting. It is a little awkward for a former California boy to say. Thank you very much to NSU for welcoming me. Thank you to the faculty and staff. It is really an honor to be here.
Prediction of "hot spots" of aggregation in disease-linked polypeptides (2005)

The proposed method might become a useful tool for the future development of sequence-targeted anti-aggregation pharmaceuticals.
mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. (2013)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway is commonly dysregulated in breast cancer. In preclinical studies, hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway has been linked to resistance to both endocrine therapy and trastuzumab (Herceptin). Rapalogs, agents that primarily inhibit mTOR-raptor complex 1, have been studied in combination with endocrine therapy to overcome endocrine resistance.Trials of combination endocrine therapy and rapalogs in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer have demonstrated variable results. However, two independent trials have recently shown that combination everolimus (Afinitor) and tamoxifen or combination everolimus and exemestane (Aromasin) is more effective than either endocrine agent alone. These trials selected patients with cancer refractory to endocrine therapy, which may be important in sensitizing tumors to inhibition of this pathway. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, the early clinical data with combinations of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and anti-HER2 therapies are encouraging. Efforts to identify clinical biomarkers of response or resistance to mTOR inhibitors are ongoing. This review will summarize results of preclinical and clinical studies aswell as ongoing clinical trials with mTOR or dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors.
Incorporating multimedia in distributed object-oriented systems: the importance of flexible management (2002)

The integration of new media types into open distributed systems presents a number of problems. The authors discuss these problems within the context of an experimental distributed multimedia system being designed at Lancaster. Object management is highlighted as being a vital component of their system, and they outline an approach to management termed management by exception. This approach is illustrated by considering the provision of persistence and location transparent invocation in the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of Epstein–Barr Virus with Thymic Carcinoma (1985)

The Epstein–Barr virus is a ubiquitous B-cell lymphocytotropic virus that is known to cause infectious mononucleosis1 and lymphoproliferative disorders in immunodeficient patients2 and has been implicated in the genesis of Burkitt's lymphoma3 and primary intracerebral lymphoma.4 The association of Epstein–Barr virus with epithelial cells has been more puzzling, but recent studies have shown that the virus can penetrate and replicate in some epithelial cells.5 6 7 Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is consistently associated with Epstein–Barr virus.8 Another undifferentiated tumor with histopathological characteristics similar to those of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the thymus. This subtype of thymic carcinomas has a . . .
Fat Transport in Lipoproteins — An Integrated Approach to Mechanisms and Disorders (1967)

Type II Hyperlipoproteinemia159, 192 193 194 195 196 General Definitions. By the Type II lipoprotein pattern we mean an increase in the concentration of lipoproteins that have discrete β mobility by electrophoresis and the normal density and chemical composition of β-migrating lipoproteins. This kind of hyperbeta-lipoproteinemia must be distinguished from another in which the density of the β-migrating lipoproteins is abnormally low, giving rise to a pattern designated as Type III in this system for defining types of hyperlipoproteinemia. The bases for distinguishing the hyperbeta-lipoproteinemia of Types II and III arise from considerable clinical and genetic evidence that they are expressions of different inheritable . . .
Preparation and dissolution characteristics of controlled release diltiazem pellets (1992)

Different series of Diltiazem pellets with slow release of the active substance were prepared, by pan coating technique, using different mixtures of acrylic polymers (Eudragit E, Eudragit L, Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS) as film coating agents. The thickness of the coatings were varied by different amounts of Eudragit. Release profiles of Diltiazem hydrochloride were investigated using USP XX rotating basket method (Erweka DT-D6) with 1000 ml buffer solution (pH values 1.5; 2.2; 5.5; 6.8; 7.0) at 37°C as solvent. In vitro dissolution findings showed that Eudragit coatings gave prolonged release of Diltiazem hydrochloride. The permeability of coatings in gastric and intenstinal juices was found to be influenced by the amount of Eudragit L in the formulation. Also, the drug release rate was found to be dependent on the amount of coating applied. In order to understand the drug release mechanism better, the release data were tested assuming common kinetic models. In the present study square - root of the time plots and Weibull plots were not sufficiently linear, although several correlation coefficients were high. When the goodness of fit of release data to first - order kinetics and Hixson - Crowell ‘s equation was evaluated, the difference between these two models was often noted to be minimal.
T Cell Activation Induces Human Osteoclast Formation via Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2001)

In unstimulated conditions, osteoclast (OC) formation is regulated by stromal cell production of the key osteoclastogenic factors receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). However, the mechanisms of accelerated osteoclastogenesis and bone loss characteristic of inflammatory conditions are poorly understood but appear to involve T cells. In addition, the mechanism by which OCs arise spontaneously in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of stromal cells or added cytokines remains unclear. Using a stromal cell free human osteoclast generating system, we investigated the ability of activated T cells to support osteoclastogenesis. We show that when activated by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA), T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) stimulate human OC formation in vitro. Although both soluble M-CSF and RANKL were detected in activated T cell supernatants, the presence of M-CSF was not essential for macrophage survival or RANKL-dependent osteoclast formation, suggesting that other soluble T cell-derived factors were capable of substituting for this cytokine. We also found that saturating concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) failed to neutralize 30% of the observed OC formation and that T cell conditioned medium (CM) could superinduce osteoclastogenesis in cultures of purified monocytes maximally stimulated by RANKL and M-CSF. Together, these data suggest that activated T cells support osteoclastogenesis via RANKL-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Although not relevant for T cell-induced osteoclastogenesis, secretion of soluble M-CSF is a previously undescribed property of activated T cells.
Tranexamic Acid for Lower GI Hemorrhage: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2017)

Tranexamic acid does not appear to decrease blood loss or improve clinical outcomes in patients presenting with lower GI hemorrhage in the context of this trial. see Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A453.
Oxidative Stress During Platelet‐Activating Factor‐Induced Microvascular Dysfunction (1996)

These findings indicate that most of the oxidants generated in mesenteric tissue exposed to PAF results from the accumulation of activated leukocytes.
Statistical analysis of exacerbation rates in COPD: TRISTAN and ISOLDE revisited (2008)

Various statistical methods have been used to measure the impact of treatment on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Poisson regression has recently been recommended as the appropriate method but the model does not satisfactorily account for variability between patients. In contrast, use of a negative binomial model, which corresponds to assuming a separate Poisson parameter for each patient, offers a more appealing approach. The present paper reviews analysis methods, with particular focus on the negative binomial model. To illustrate the differences that arise from using different analysis methods, we have reanalysed data from two large studies which, among other objectives, investigated the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in reducing COPD exacerbation rates. Using the negative binomial model to reanalyse data from the TRISTAN and ISOLDE studies, the overall estimates of exacerbation rates on each treatment arm are higher and the confidence intervals for comparisons between treatments are wider, but the overall conclusions of TRISTAN and ISOLDE regarding reduction of exacerbations remain unchanged. The negative binomial approach appears to provide a better fit to the distribution of the data than earlier methods and is currently the method of choice. Research needs to continue on further methods to improve the analysis of exacerbation data.
Location of an .alpha.-helix in fragment 96-133 from bovine somatotropin by proton NMR spectroscopy (1988)

By use of two-dimensional NMR techniques most of the proton resonances (greater than 90%) are assigned for the tryptic digest fragment 96-133 of bovine somatotropin in 30% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol-d3/70% H2O. Qualitative analysis of the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) data indicates that a region of alpha-helix spans residues 106-128, while the N- and C-terminal regions assume nonregular structures. Amide-exchange rates and comparison of two-dimensional NOE spectra indicate that the most stable piece of helix spans residues 120-125 and that this piece of helix is stable in water at 25 degrees C. Evidence is given to support the fact that intermolecular association of the helical segments stabilizes the helix.
Progestin-Mediated Changes in Progesterone Receptor Forms in the Normal Human Endometrium* (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies to the human progesterone receptor (PR) were used to detect changes in PR form during the menstrual cycle. In proliferative phase samples, two PR proteins with mol wt (Mr) of 116,000 and 81,000 were detected on protein blots probed with anti-PR monoclonal antibodies. The 116,000 Mr protein was comprised of triplet isoforms, while the 81,000 Mr protein was a singlet. By contrast, protein blot analysis of secretory phase samples revealed a doublet isoform at 116,000 Mr and an 81,000 Mr singlet. Organ culture of human endometrium was used to mimic these changes in PR form in vitro. Although the triplet to doublet conversion was not realized in organ culture, time- and dose-related changes in PR form were achieved which were similar to the in vivo state. Furthermore, these changes preceded the progestin-mediated induction of the enzyme estradiol dehydrogenase in parallel cultures, demonstrating that this is a useful system in which to study the relationship between receptor modulation and initiation and maintenance of biological response.
Inhibition of proliferation by c-myb antisense RNA and oligodeoxynucleotides in transformed neuroectodermal cell lines. (1992)

Transfection of a neuroblastoma cell line with expression vectors containing two different segments of human c-myb complementary DNA in antisense orientation yielded far fewer transfectant clones than did the transfection with the identical segments in sense orientation. In cell clones expressing c-myb antisense RNA, levels of the c-myb protein were down-regulated and the proliferation rate was slower than that of cells transfected with sense constructs or the untransfected parental cell line. Treatment of neuroblastoma and neuroepithelioma cell lines with a c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotide strongly inhibited cell growth. These data indicate a definite involvement of c-myb in the proliferation of neuroectodermal tumor cells extending the role of this protooncogene beyond the hematopoietic system. The availability of cell clones that transcribe c-myb antisense RNA provides a useful tool to study the involvement of other genes in the proliferation and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.
Mechanosensitive Channels: Multiplicity of Families and Gating Paradigms (2004)

Mechanosensitive ion channels are the primary transducers that convert mechanical force into an electrical or chemical signal in hearing, touch, and other mechanical senses. Unlike vision, olfaction, and some types of taste, which all use similar kinds of primary heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein-coupled receptors, mechanosensation relies on diverse types of transducer molecules. Unrelated types of channels can be used for the perception of various mechanical stimuli, not only in distant groups of organisms, but also in separate locations of the same organism. The extreme sensitivity of the transduction mechanism in the auditory system, which relies on an elaborate structure of rigid cilia, filamentous links, and molecular motors to focus force on transduction channels, contrasts with that of the bacterial channel MscL, which is opened by high lateral tension in the membrane and fulfills a safety-valve rather than a sensory function. The spatial scales of conformational movement and force in these two systems are described, and are shown to be consistent with a general physical description of mechanical channel gating. We outline the characteristics of several types of mechanosensitive channels and the functional contexts in which they participate in signaling and cellular regulation in sensory and nonsensory cells.
On p-type doping in GaN—acceptor binding energies (1995)

Photoluminescence investigations on undoped n-type GaN layers grown on 6H-SiC and sapphire reveal the presence of residual acceptors with a binding energy of 230 meV. Their presence in high temperature vapor phase epitaxy grown layers is strongly correlated with the graphite susceptor containing the Ga. Mg as a contamination can be ruled out. In metal organic vapor phase epitaxially grown layers, the metal organic are probably the source of the carbon contamination. It is concluded that carbon on nitrogen sites introduces the most shallow acceptor in GaN. The experimental observations are supported by an estimate of the acceptor binding energy using effective-mass-theory.
Entry into mitosis without Cdc2 kinase activation (1998)

Mouse FT210 cells at 39 degreesC cannot enter mitosis but arrest in G2 phase, because they lack Cdc2 kinase activity as a result of a temperature-sensitive lesion in the cdc2 gene. Incubation of arrested cells with the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor okadaic acid induces morphologically normal chromosome condensation. We now show that okadaic acid also induces two other landmark events of early mitosis, nuclear lamina depolymerization and centrosome separation, in the absence of Cdc2 kinase activity. Okadaic acid-induced entry into mitosis is accompanied by partial activation of Cdc25C and may be prevented by tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors and by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, suggesting that Cdc25C and kinases distinct from Cdc2 are required for these mitotic events. Using in-gel assays, we show that a 45-kDa protein kinase normally activated at mitosis is also activated by okadaic acid independently of Cdc2 kinase. The 45-kDa kinase can utilize GTP, is stimulated by spermine and is inhibited by heparin. These properties are characteristic of the kinase CK2, but immunoprecipitation studies indicate that it is not CK2. The data underline the importance of a tyrosine phosphatase, possibly Cdc25C, and of kinases other than Cdc2 in the structural changes the cell undergoes at mitosis, and indicate that entry into mitosis involves the activation of multiple kinases working in concert with Cdc2 kinase.
Identification of Coenzyme M Biosynthetic Phosphosulfolactate Synthase (2002)

The hyperthermophilic euryarchaeon Methanococcus jannaschii uses coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) as the terminal methyl carrier in methanogenesis. We describe an enzyme from that organism, (2R)-phospho-3-sulfolactate synthase (ComA), that catalyzes the first step in coenzyme M biosynthesis. ComA catalyzed the stereospecific Michael addition of sulfite to phosphoenolpyruvate over a broad range of temperature and pH conditions. Substrate and product analogs moderately inhibited activity. This enzyme has no significant sequence similarity to previously characterized enzymes; however, its Mg(2+)-dependent enzyme reaction mechanism may be analogous to one proposed for enolase. A diverse group of microbes and plants have homologs of ComA that could have been recruited for sulfolactate or sulfolipid biosyntheses.