gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric-Field-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in a Nanomagnet Investigated on the Atomic Scale (2014)

Magnetoelectric coupling is studied using the electric field between the tip of a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope and a nanomagnet. Our experiments show that a negative (positive) electric field stabilizes (destabilizes) in-plane magnetization against thermal agitation, whereas it destabilizes (stabilizes) out-of-plane magnetization. We conclude that the electric field E induces a uniaxial anisotropy that favors in-plane magnetization for E<0 and out-of-plane magnetization for E>0. Our experiments demonstrate magnetic manipulation on the atomic scale without exploiting spin or charge currents.
Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: From genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use (2016)

Genetic decoding is not 'frozen' as was earlier thought, but dynamic. One facet of this is frameshifting that often results in synthesis of a C-terminal region encoded by a new frame. Ribosomal frameshifting is utilized for the synthesis of additional products, for regulatory purposes and for translational 'correction' of problem or 'savior' indels. Utilization for synthesis of additional products occurs prominently in the decoding of mobile chromosomal element and viral genomes. One class of regulatory frameshifting of stable chromosomal genes governs cellular polyamine levels from yeasts to humans. In many cases of productively utilized frameshifting, the proportion of ribosomes that frameshift at a shift-prone site is enhanced by specific nascent peptide or mRNA context features. Such mRNA signals, which can be 5' or 3' of the shift site or both, can act by pairing with ribosomal RNA or as stem loops or pseudoknots even with one component being 4 kb 3' from the shift site. Transcriptional realignment at slippage-prone sequences also generates productively utilized products encoded trans-frame with respect to the genomic sequence. This too can be enhanced by nucleic acid structure. Together with dynamic codon redefinition, frameshifting is one of the forms of recoding that enriches gene expression.
Expression of the Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces B cell lymphoma in transgenic mice (1998)

The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of the Epstein-Barr virus has transforming properties in rodent fibroblasts and is expressed in most of the cancers associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection including posttransplant lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and AIDS-related lymphomas. In this study, three lineages of LMP1 transgenic mice were established with LMP1 expressed under the control of the Ig heavy chain promoter and enhancer. Lymphoma developed in all three lineages, and the incidence of lymphoma increased significantly with age with lymphomas developing in 42% of transgenic mice over 18 months. The expression of LMP1 was detected at high levels in the lymphoma tissues but only at trace levels in normal lymphoid tissues. Gene rearrangement of the Ig heavy chain indicated monoclonality or oligoclonality in all lymphomas, some of the lymphoid hyperplastic spleens, and some histologically normal spleens. These data reveal that LMP1, without the expression of other EBV genes, is oncogenic in vivo and indicate that LMP1 is a major contributing factor to the development of EBV-associated lymphomas.
High‐speed template matching algorithm using information of contour points (1992)

Abstract Template matching is a useful technique for matching images. This paper proposes a high‐speed template matching technique which is effective for images that have sharp contours. The method uses only the image contour parts as one‐dimensional templates. Although it can retain fine patterns, the data compression ratio and speed are very high. To improve reliability of matching, gray gradient information and intensity of contour points are used. Also, dilation of contours can reduce several errors due to disturbance of the contour or scaling. The algorithm herein can indicate differences between the template and the target image automatically after the alignment of images. The expanded algorithm applying the sequential similarity detection algorithm (SSDA) method also is discussed. Software simulation proved that the algorithm is 10 or 200 times faster than the conventional template matching technique which uses the cross‐correlation estimation between two‐dimensional (2‐D) template and the target image. This algorithm was applied to special hardware. It can align two 512 × 512 pixels images in 40 ms when the size of the search area is 64 × 64.
A novel micromachined magnetic membrane microfluid pump (2002)

We present results on the design, fabrication, and testing of a new, micromachined magnetic pump for integrated microfluidic systems. Structurally, the pump consists of a magnetic microactuator and two polymer-based one-way diffuser valves. The microactuator is based on a thin membrane made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a soft silicone elastomer. Membrane displacement is caused by the interaction between ferromagnetic pieces (embedded within the thickness of the membrane) and an external magnet. This novel mechanism reduces fabrication and packaging complexity, and allows for remote operation of the micropump without any tether wires for power input. The operation is simple as no precise alignment is required between the external magnet and the pump. PDMS is biocompatible compared to silicon. One future application of this tetherless micropump is implanted biomedical microfluidic systems. We developed a novel micromachining process for embedding ferromagnetic materials within a thin, spin-cast PDMS membrane. Unique pump and diffuser mechanisms that allow for continuous pumping are also developed. Diffuser elements containing no moving parts are fabricated using polymer micromachining techniques. Micro Permalloy pieces are strategically positioned within a 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/, 40-/spl mu/m-thick PDMS membrane. Dimensions and locations of the membrane and the Permalloy pieces are optimized for maximum membrane vertical displacement under a given magnetic field. Experimentally, we have demonstrated successful on-chip fluid pumping. In the presence of an oscillating 2.85/spl times/10/sup 5/-A/m external magnetic field, a 1.2-/spl mu/l/min flow rate was measured for an actuation frequency of 2.9-Hz. The flow rate can be easily varied by the frequency.
Increased levels of inflammatory chemokines in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2009)

We confirmed previous findings of increased MCP-1 levels in CSF of ALS patients. Furthermore, increased levels of IL-8 in CSF suggest a stimulation of a proinflammatory cytokine cascade after microglia activation. We found a tendency for higher MCP-1 values in patients with a shorter diagnostic delay, who are known to have also a shorter survival. This may suggest an association of higher MCP-1 levels with rapidly progressing disease.
Paracetamol in rheumatoid arthritis. (1993)

The need for supplementary analgesic treatment in RA has partially been neglected. Increasing evidence now support that paracetamol supplementation can increase the effect of NSAIDs. A hypothesis may be postulated that prostaglandin (PG) mediated anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs are only marginally increased by higher NSAID doses and that non PG mediated analgesic effects obtained at higher NSAID doses may instead be obtained by supplementing NSAIDs with paracetamol. Combined paracetamol treatment may increase the effect and decrease dose-dependent side-effects of NSAIDs.
The Control of Protein Stability and Association by Weak Interactions with Water: How Do Solvents Affect These Processes? (1993)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Serum melatonin levels in schizophrenic and schizoaffective hospitalized patients (1991)

Conflicting results on changes of the diurnal melatonin rhythms of patients with affective disorders have been reported in the literature. The heterogeneous data may derive from the great discrepancy in the diagnostic criteria of different authors. A study of 12 schizoaffective and chronic schizophrenic psychotic patients found a constant pattern of an obliterated nocturnal melatonin rise only in the latter group. The presence or absence of the nocturnal melatonin rise was determined in drug-free hospitalized patients and remained unchanged despite 2 months of drug treatment including large doses of neuroleptics. This finding, when confirmed in a larger number of patients, could possibly serve as a marker for the type of mental disorder, drug to be applied and response expected.
Functional analysis of yersiniabactin transport genes of Yersinia enterocolitica (2001)

Yersinia enterocolitica O:8, biogroup (BG) IB, strain WA-C carries a high-pathogenicity island (HPI) including iron-repressible genes (irp1-9, fyuA) for biosynthesis and uptake of the siderophore yersiniabactin (Ybt). The authors report the functional analysis of irp6,7,8, which show 98-99% similarity to the corresponding genes ybtP,Q,X on the HPI of Yersinia pestis. It was demonstrated that irp6,7 are involved in ferric (Fe)-Ybt utilization and mouse virulence of Y. enterocolitica, thus confirming corresponding results for Y. pestis. Additionally it was shown that inactivation of the ampG-like gene irp8 did not affect either Fe-Ybt utilization or mouse virulence. To determine whether irp6, irp7 and fyuA (encoding the outer-membrane Fe-Ybt/pesticin receptor FyuA) are sufficient to mediate Fe-Ybt transport/utilization, these genes were transferred into Escherichia coli entD,F and into non-pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, BG IA, strain NF-O. Surprisingly, E. coli entD,F but not Y. enterocolitica NF-O gained the capability to utilize exogenous Fe-Ybt as a result of this gene transfer, although both strains expressed functional FyuA (pesticin sensitivity). These results suggest that besides irp6, irp7 and fyuA, additional genes are required for sufficient Fe-Ybt transport/utilization. Finally, it was shown that irp6, irp7 and fyuA but not irp8 are involved in controlling Ybt biosynthesis and fyuA gene expression: irp6 and/or irp7 mutation leads to upregulation whereas fyuA mutation leads to downregulation. However, fyuA-dependent control of Ybt biosynthesis could be bypassed in a fyuA mutant by ingredients of chrome azurol S (CAS) siderophore indicator agar.
Enhanced IL-6 Production in Aquaporin-4 Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Patients (2010)

Anti-aquaporin-4 (Aqp-4) antibody and complement system have emerged as major pathogenic factors in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). To test the significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6), another important humoral immunity factor, in NMO pathogenesis, we measured serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels of 23 NMO, 11 transverse myelitis, 16 optic neuritis, 27 relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients, and 20 neurologically normal controls. NMO and transverse myelitis patients had higher serum and CSF IL-6 levels than other groups. Particularly, anti-Aqp-4 positive NMO patients (n = 12) had higher serum/CSF IL-6 levels than anti-Aqp-4 negative patients (n = 11) and CSF IL-6 levels correlated with anti-Aqp-4 levels and disease severity of the NMO patients. Our results suggest that IL-6 is involved in NMO pathogenesis presumably via anti-Aqp-4 associated mechanisms.
Determination of the Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A and Its Derivatives in Canned Foods (1999)

Migration of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to food from can enamels and can pull-top seals is reported. Derivatives of DGEBA are also determined in some foods. Levels of DGEBA in the foods surveyed in this study range from nondetected (<0.3 ppb) to 50 mg/kg as determined by liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. Confirmation of the analytes is by gas and/or liquid chromatography with mass spectral analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with 30 degrees specular reflectance/transmittance is used to characterize the coated food contact surfaces. Stability studies with DGEBA in water, acid, and saline solutions show conversion to the hydrolysis products and chloro adducts occurs readily. The presence of DGEBA derivatives in food demonstrates that analysis for DGEBA migration alone is not a good indicator of total migration from can coatings to foods.
Electrically Controllable Liquid Crystal Fresnel Lens (1989)

Two orthogonally aligned liquid crystal lenses with spherical Fresnel zone plate electrode configurations have been demonstrated to focus an unpolarised broadband object with resulting good quality images. Switch on times of 15ms are reported along with modulation depths of 91.5%.
Tocotrienol-induced cytotoxicity is unrelated to mitochondrial stress apoptotic signaling in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells (2005)

Tocotrienols and tocopherols represent the 2 subgroups within the vitamin E family of compounds, but tocotrienols display significantly greater apoptotic activity against a variety of cancer cell types. However, the exact mechanism mediating tocotrienol-induced apoptosis is not understood. Studies were conducted to determine the effects of tocotrienols on mitochondrial-stress-mediated apoptotic signaling in neoplastic +SA mammary epithelial cells grown in vitro. Exposure for 24 h to 0-20 micromol/L gamma-tocotrienol resulted in a dose-responsive increase in +SA cells undergoing apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining. However, tocotrienol-induced apoptosis was not associated with a disruption or loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, or the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, as determined by JC-1 flow cytometric staining and ELISA assay, respectively. Interestingly, apoptotic +SA cells showed a paradoxical decrease in mitochondrial levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bid, Bax, and Bad, and a corresponding increase in mitochondrial levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, suggesting that mitochondrial membrane stability and integrity might actually be enhanced for a limited period of time following acute tocotrienol exposure. In summary, these findings clearly demonstrate that tocotrienol-induced apoptosis occurs independently of mitochondrial stress apoptotic signaling in neoplastic +SA mammary epithelial cells.
Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Are Enriched in Xenogeneic Tumors Following Chemotherapy (2008)

CoCSC are enriched in colon tumors following chemotherapy and remain capable of rapidly regenerating tumors from which they originated. By focusing on the biology of CoCSC, major resistance mechanisms to specific chemotherapeutic agents can be attributed to specific genes, thereby suggesting avenues for improving cancer therapy.
Subtle Changes in the Ageing Human Brain (2006)

Subtle changes in the human brain constitute a third element in addition to plaques and tangles as markers of vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) distribution shows the closest relationship to the severity of dementia. Two features of the distribution (regional selectivity and columnar clustering) provide clues about the structural changes due to normal ageing that may precede tangle formation. It is hypothesized that the columnar organization of the cortex, determines the pattern of pathological spread in AD and, consequently, the pattern of function loss. Minicolum thinning occurs in normal ageing and echoes the selective regional distribution of NFT formation in AD. NFT vulnerability appears to emerge from hierarchical variation in neural plasticity associated with the hierarchical variation in size and spacing of mini and macro-columns in the cortex. Regional differences may involve regional variation in gene expression. Dietary Omega 3 fatty acid intake has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on the cytoarchitectural features that contribute to this cortical hierarchy.
Xtensa: a configurable and extensible processor (2000)

System designers can optimize Xtensa for their embedded application by sizing and selecting features and adding new instructions. Xtensa provides an integrated solution that allows easy customization of both hardware and software. This process is simple, fast, and robust.
A comparative evalation of the benefits of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) operational tests (1994)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1994.
Quantization error and dithering (1994)

Digital storage and transmission promise noise-free images, but it is important to keep in mind that even digital is not perfect. Digital images have their own sources of noise: round-off error and quantization error. Whenever you do any sort of image arithmetic, such as contrast enhancement or compositing, you get roundoff error. In fact, since the arithmetic is often done in only X-bit accuracy, sometimes the round-off error can be substantial. You get quantization error, on the other hand, whenever you go from an analog signal to a digital signal or whenever you go from a high color-resolution signal (for example, 24 bits per pixel) to a low resolution signal (for example, 8 bits per pixel). The author considers the quantization error from analog to digital.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
El mundo de los helados en francia (1991)

Dr. Xiufeng Ye and Dr. Guangfu Chen are both co-corresponding authors. Accordingly, please make the following two corrections to the paper: 1) Add * to the author Xiufeng Ye. 2) *Address correspondence to Dr. Chen guangfu, szchengf@email.szu.edu.cn or Dr. Xiufeng Ye, szrosexiu@ 126.com, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, China.
Electrospray ionization/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometric studies on phosphatidylcholines: The fragmentation processes (2003)

We applied low-energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry to study the fragmentation pathways of the [M + H](+) and [M + Li](+) ions of phosphatidylcholine (PC), generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). It is revealed that the fragmentation pathways leading to loss of the polar head group and of the fatty acid substituents do not involve the hydrogens attached to the glycerol backbone as previously reported. The pathway for formation of the major ion of m/z 184 by loss of the polar head group from the [M + H](+) precursor of a diacyl PC involves the participation of the alpha-hydrogen of the fatty acyl substituents, whereas the H(+) participates in the loss of fatty acid moieties. The alpha-hydrogens of the fatty acid substituents also participate in the major fragmentation processes, including formation of [M + Li-R(x)CO(2)H](+) and [M + Li-59-R(x)CO(2)H](+) ions for the [M + Li](+) ions of diacyl PCs, when subjected to low-energy CAD. These fragmentation processes are deterred by substitution of the fatty acyl moieties with alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxyl groups and consequentially, result in a distinct product-ion spectrum for various PC, including diacyl-, plasmanyl- plasmenyl-, and lyso-PC isomers. The alpha-hydrogens of the fatty acyl substituents at sn-2 are more labile than those at sn-1. This is reflected by the preferential loss of the R(1)CO(2)H over the R(2)CO(2)H observed for the [M + Li](+) ions of diacyl PCs. The spectrum features resulting from the preferential losses permit identification and assignment of the fatty acid moieties in the glycerol backbone. The new fragmentation pathways established by tandem and source CAD tandem mass spectra of various PC molecules, including deuterium-labeling analogs, were proposed. These pathways would clarify the mechanisms underlying the ion formations that lead to the structural characterization of PC molecules.
Developmental Neurobiology Implications from Fabrication and Analysis of Hippocampal Neuronal Networks on Patterned Silane-Modified Surfaces (1998)

We have determined the parameters necessary to fabricate reproducible neuronal patterns which we are using to begin studying fundamental issues in developmental neurobiology. The addition of a beam homogenizer, as well as a new surface preparation, has enabled the routine production of reproducible, high-resolution (2−20 μm) organosilane patterns. The effects of surface preparation and beam dosage were monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and proof of patterning is provided by high-resolution imaging XPS. We also report the guidance of neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth and the creation of reproducibly defined circuits of embryonic (E18−19) rat hippocampal neurons using these patterned surfaces in vitro. We have achieved a >50% rate of pattern formation, and at times the rate approaches 90%. We are using these patterns to address the issue of how geometric pattern cues might be used to affect cell-to-cell communication and we report the preliminary results on the synaptic development of the hippocampal neurons using dual patch-clamp electrophysiology. We monitored neurite outgrowth and the emergence of both spontaneous and evoked synaptic activity for both patterned and unpatterned (control) hippocampal cultures. The results indicate the intriguing possibility that geometry itself may be a modulating or trophic factor for cell development.
Chemokine Signaling and the Management of Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Chemokines and chemokine receptors are widely expressed in the nervous system, where they play roles in the regulation of stem cell migration, axonal path finding, and neurotransmission. Chemokine signaling is also of key importance in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses. The expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and its receptor (CCR2) is upregulated by dorsal root ganglia neurons in rodent models of neuropathic pain. MCP1 increases the excitability of nociceptive neurons after a peripheral nerve injury, and disruption of MCP1 signaling blocks the development of neuropathic pain. In the spinal cord, microglial cells expressing CCR2 are thought to play an active role in the initiation and maintenance of pain hypersensitivity, and MCP1 may also alter the excitability of spinal neurons in some cases. Other predominant sites of CCR2 activation are found in the peripheral nervous system, thereby explaining, at least in some circumstances, the rapid anti-nociceptive effects of peripherally administered CCR2 antagonists. In this article we discuss the relative roles of CCR2 activation in the peripheral and central nervous systems in relation to the phenomenon of neuropathic pain.
Modeling of a resonant tunneling diode optical modulator (2006)

The integration of a double barrier resonant tunneling diode within a unipolar optical waveguide provides electrical gain over a wide bandwidth. Due to the nonlinearities introduced by the double barrier resonant tunneling diode an unipolar InGaAlAs/InP optical waveguide can be employed both as optical modulator and optical detector. The modeling results of a device operating as optical modulator agree with preliminary experimental data, foreseeing for an optimized device modulation depths up to 23 dB with chirp parameter between -1 and 0 in the wavelength range analyzed (1520 nm - 1600 nm).