gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of urinary CDH and CTH by tandem mass spectrometry in patients hemizygous and heterozygous for Fabry disease (2005)

Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism resulting from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. This deficiency leads to the progressive accumulation, in lysosomes of visceral tissues and in body fluids of hemizygotes, of the glycosphingolipids globotriaosylceramide (CTH, Gb(3) or GL-3) and galabiosylceramide (CDH) and to a lesser extent the blood group AB and B related glycolipids. Elevated levels of the glycosphingolipids are found in the urine of hemizygous males with the classic phenotype, but it is not known whether all symptomatic or asymptomatic heterozygotes have elevated levels. We have therefore measured CTH and CDH quantitatively in a multiplex assay using tandem mass spectrometry in urine from a large cohort (44) of genetically proven or obligate heterozygotes including four with the N215S mutation, from classic hemizygotes (28), from cardiac variant hemizygotes with the N215S mutation (6) and from normal controls. The levels of CTH and CDH were related to both creatinine and sphingomyelin. Urinary CTH was elevated in all 28 classic hemizygotes but only in 4/6 of the cardiac variants. The level was within or just above the normal reference range in the four individuals heterozygous for the N215S mutation but was elevated in 38/40 of the other heterozygotes. Similar results were obtained for CDH, except that only 34/40 heterozygotes had an elevated level. The level of CDH was not elevated in the four heterozygotes and 4/6 of the hemizygotes for the N215S mutation. Combining the levels of CTH and CDH did not improve the discrimination of heterozygotes from controls. The ratio of CDH to CTH was higher in heterozygotes than in hemizygotes. Measurement of urinary CTH gave the best discrimination of heterozygotes from controls.
Open Field Behavior in Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis-Lesioned Rats Treated with Physostigmine and Verapamil (1997)

The present study was done to investigate and compare the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine (0.030, 0.045, 0.060 and 0.075 mg/kg sc) and Ca-antagonist, verapamil (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg sc) on open field behavior in male Wistar rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM). NBM-lesions produced a significant increase and decrease of ambulation and number of inner squares entered, and defecation, respectively, with no influence on grooming in rats exposed to novel environment. Physostigmine and verapamil in all tested doses, given 30 min before the test did not affect the open field behavior in control animals. In contrast to that, physostigmine (0.045, 0.060 and 0.075 mg/kg) and verapamil (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced ambulation and number of inner squares entered in NBM-lesioned rats. Also, physostigmine in a dose of 0.060 mg/kg significantly decreased defecation and in doses of 0.060 and 0.075 mg/kg the grooming, as well. On the other hand, verapamil only in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg significantly increased defecation. It could be concluded that lesions of NBM in rats induced disturbances in the open field behavior, which might be successfully ameliorate by physostigmine and verapamil treatment.
Micro-Raman Spectroscopy for Optical Pathology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2004)

Micro-Raman spectra of formalin-fixed oral squamous normal and carcinoma tissues, stored at room temperature for 2 months, have been recorded. Spectra were recorded both in the epithelial and subepithelial regions of the tissues. No noticeable spectral contamination due to formalin was observed. Very significant differences between spectra of normal epithelial and malignant epithelial samples were found. No such differences in spectra of subepithelial malignant and subepithelial normal samples could be observed. This study shows that spectra from the epithelial region changes drastically because of malignancy-induced biochemical changes in this region. Major differences between normal and malignant spectra seem to arise from the protein composition, conformational/structural changes, and possible increase in protein content in malignant epithelia. The differences between normal epithelial and subepithelial spectra, as expected, arise mainly from the collagen in subepithelial tissue. Principal component analysis of the combined sets of spectra-epithelial and subepithelial, normal and malignant- showed that very good discrimination can be achieved by Raman microspectroscopy. This study thus validates the suitability of formalin-fixed tissues for optical pathology in oral malignancy.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Plays a Role in Hyperpermeability of Diabetic Retinal Vessels (1995)

In rat diabetic retinas, we immunohistochemically looked for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). In nondiabetic retinas, VEGF immunoreactivity was weak and restricted to the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers. On the other hand, in diabetic retinas, VEGF immunoreactivity was markedly increased and was observed in all layers of the retina, especially in the perivascular area. Hyperpermeability of these vessels was confirmed by immunohistochemically detecting extravasation of albumin. These findings indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor plays an important role in blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy.
Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA1 Protein Regulates Viral Latency through Effects on let-7 MicroRNA and Dicer (2014)

The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes in multiple ways to the latent mode of EBV infection that leads to lifelong infection. In this study, we identify a mechanism by which EBNA1 helps to maintain EBV infection in a latent state. This involves induction of a family of microRNAs (let-7 miRNAs) that in turn decreases the level of the cellular protein Dicer. We demonstrate that let-7 miRNAs inhibit the reactivation of latent EBV, providing an explanation for our previous observation that EBNA1 promotes latency. In addition, since decreased levels of Dicer have been associated with metastatic potential, EBNA1 may increase metastases by downregulating Dicer.
Selectable plasmid vectors with alternative and ultrasensitive histochemical marker genes. (1991)

Three different histochemical marker genes--E. coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ), Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH) and human placenta alkaline phosphatase gene (ALP)--were cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector also containing the neomycin resistance gene. After calcium phosphate transfection and G418 sulfate selection of recipient BALB/c 3T3 cells, stable transfectants were pooled for histochemical staining. The lacZ-bearing cells produce aqua blue staining for beta-galactosidase; ADH-bearing cells, blue-black staining for alcohol dehydrogenase; and ALP-bearing cells, red staining for alkaline phosphatase. Cells carrying different marker genes can be easily differentiated by double-staining protocols. In addition, various photographic films can be used to enhance the colors of specific histochemically tagged cell classes. These plasmid vectors, providing selectability with the neomycin resistance gene and ultrasensitivity of alternative histochemical marker genes, will be very effective in virtually any biological system requiring analyses of multiple cell clones or classes in culture model systems or in situ.
Synthesis of Short-Chain Diols and Unsaturated Alcohols from Secondary Alcohol Substrates by the Rieske Nonheme Mononuclear Iron Oxygenase MdpJ (2012)

The Rieske nonheme mononuclear iron oxygenase MdpJ of the fuel oxygenate-degrading bacterial strain Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108 has been described to attack short-chain tertiary alcohols via hydroxylation and desaturation reactions. Here, we demonstrate that also short-chain secondary alcohols can be transformed by MdpJ. Wild-type cells of strain L108 converted 2-propanol and 2-butanol to 1,2-propanediol and 3-buten-2-ol, respectively, whereas an mdpJ knockout mutant did not show such activity. In addition, wild-type cells converted 3-methyl-2-butanol and 3-pentanol to the corresponding desaturation products 3-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and 1-penten-3-ol, respectively. The enzymatic hydroxylation of 2-propanol resulted in an enantiomeric excess of about 70% for the (R)-enantiomer, indicating that this reaction was favored. Likewise, desaturation of (R)-2-butanol to 3-buten-2-ol was about 2.3-fold faster than conversion of the (S)-enantiomer. The biotechnological potential of MdpJ for the synthesis of enantiopure short-chain alcohols and diols as building block chemicals is discussed.
Cardiovascular Death and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Receiving Coronary Stenting Are Predicted by Residual Platelet Reactivity to ADP Detected by a Point-of-Care Assay (2009)

RPR to ADP with clopidogrel therapy, measured by the point-of-care assay VerifyNow P2Y12, is able to detect acute coronary syndrome patients at risk of 12-month cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI. The optimal cutoff value was identified as being 240 P2Y12 reaction units.
Inactivated SARS-CoV Vaccine Prepared from Whole Virus Induces a High Level of Neutralizing Antibodies in BALB/c Mice (2004)

We tested the ability of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice. The inactivated vaccine was prepared by SARS-CoV virus propagation in Vero cells, with subsequent beta-propiolactone inactivation and Sepharose 4FF column chromatography purification. One hundred forty BALB/c female mice were divided into seven groups of 20 mice each. Of the seven groups, three groups were inoculated with 0.1, 1, and 3 microg of the vaccine without adjuvant while three other groups were inoculated at the same three dosages of vaccine with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, respectively. The remaining group was set up as a blank control. Each mouse was inoculated twice at an interval of 3 weeks. One week after the second immunization, mice sera were collected to detect serum neutralizing antibodies. An assay for determining neutralizing antibody titers was developed. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) higher dosages of vaccine induced higher levels of neutralizing antibody titer; (2) the level of neutralizing antibodies induced by the inoculation with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant was slightly higher than that without adjuvant, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Technological considerations for packet radio networks (1975)

The application of packet-switching techniques to radio channels has provided a solution to many computer-communications problems previously unsolved. For example, a packet radio network can readily be designed to provide area coverage at data rates fast enough to support interactive operations for thousands of users having a variety of terminals such as hand-held devices, TTY-like devices, display devices, computers, and unattended sensors. Since the interconnections are by radio, the users can be fixed or mobile, and the network can be easily moved. Furthermore, it can be readily established in remote or primitive areas where a wired network would be impossible, and total connectivity of users will be provided.
Heat shock causes destabilization of specific mRNAs and destruction of endoplasmic reticulum in barley aleurone cells. (1986)

In response to a phytohormone, gibberellic acid, the aleurone layers of barley seeds synthesize and secrete alpha-amylases, which are coded by a set of stable mRNAs. When aleurone layers are subjected to heat shock treatment, the synthesis of alpha-amylase is suppressed while heat shock proteins are induced. The suppression of alpha-amylase synthesis is not the result of translational control as reported in several other systems. Rather, the sequences of alpha-amylase mRNA are rapidly degraded during heat shock as shown by in vitro translation and dot blot hybridization with a cDNA probe. Upon recovery from heat shock, the tissue resumes the synthesis of alpha-amylase in 2-4 hr. However, in the presence of a transcription inhibitor, cordycepin, the resumption of synthesis of alpha-amylase does not take place, indicating that new transcription of alpha-amylase genes is necessary for this recovery process. The degradation of alpha-amylase mRNAs correlates with the rapid destruction of endoplasmic reticulum as observed by electron microscopy, a phenomenon that has not been reported previously as a heat shock response. Since alpha-amylase mRNA is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum via membrane-bound polyribosomes, we suggest that the destruction of the endoplasmic reticulum during heat shock causes the destabilization and the eventual degradation of alpha-amylase mRNA.
Nonpsychoactive Cannabidiol Prevents Prion Accumulation and Protects Neurons against Prion Toxicity (2007)

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation in the CNS of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres), a structurally misfolded isoform of its physiological counterpart PrPsen. Both neuropathogenesis and prion infectivity are related to PrPres formation. Here, we report that the nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol (CBD) inhibited PrPres accumulation in both mouse and sheep scrapie-infected cells, whereas other structurally related cannabinoid analogs were either weak inhibitors or noninhibitory. Moreover, after intraperitoneal infection with murine scrapie, peripheral injection of CBD limited cerebral accumulation of PrPres and significantly increased the survival time of infected mice. Mechanistically, CBD did not appear to inhibit PrPres accumulation via direct interactions with PrP, destabilization of PrPres aggregates, or alteration of the expression level or subcellular localization of PrPsen. However, CBD did inhibit the neurotoxic effects of PrPres and affected PrPres-induced microglial cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that CBD may protect neurons against the multiple molecular and cellular factors involved in the different steps of the neurodegenerative process, which takes place during prion infection. When combined with its ability to target the brain and its lack of toxic side effects, CBD may represent a promising new anti-prion drug.
Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase: effect of NADPH on the selectivity and affinity of diaminobenzylpyrimidines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of dihydrofolate reductase: effect of NADPH on the selectivity and affinity of diaminobenzylpyrimidinesDavid P. Baccanari, Susan Daluge, and R. W. KingCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 20, 5068–5075Publication Date (Print):September 28, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 28 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00263a034https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00263a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
评理查德·罗梯的《哲学与自然的镜子》 (1983)

罗梯的著作已经成了注意的中心。研究学院哲学的学生和教师广泛地认为这本书对于他们的课题的过去、现在和未来谈出了重要的东西。本期《激进哲学》上发表了罗梯访问记,这进一步承认了该书的重要意义。这篇书评将试图对这次访问提供一些背景材料并阐述和评价该书的观点。阐述该书的观点似乎很容易。该书对把哲学视为认识论的传统进行了抨击。认识论自从十七世纪问世以来,人们一直把它作为关于人脑这个自然的镜子中的形象的总的理论来研究。然而,这种思维方式的根源要追溯到西方思想的根基,追溯到希腊人坚持的观点:人的本质是“去认识”,认识要通过直观的类比和使用可以直观到的比喻才能得到表达和阐述。罗梯的主要哲学观点反对上述
Amount of interleukin 12 available at the tumor site is critical for tumor regression. (1996)

The C26 colon carcinoma is resistant to systemic recombinant interleukin 12 (rIL-12) therapy. Transduction of C26 with genes encoding the two subunits of murine IL-12 to release 30-80 pg/ml resulted in delayed tumor onset after injection of 5 x 10(4) cells into syngeneic BALB/c mice and in 40% tumor regression after injection into CD4-depleted mice. Here, we analyzed the activity of rIL-12 (1 microgram/day) against C26 grown into CD4-depleted mice. Like in mice given injections of interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene-transduced C26 cells, depletion of CD4+ cells led to tumor regression in 6 of 14 mice, and immumocytochemical characterization of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes showed abundant infiltration by CD8+ T cells and asialoGM1+ natural killer cells, which were scanty in tumors from nondepleted mice. On the basis of the percentage of tumor regression and leukocyte infiltration we can conclude that, in the C26 system, systemic rIL-12 (1 pmicrogramg/day) produces the same results as 30-80 pg/ml IL-12 released at the tumor site. A new polycistronic retroviral vector was then used to increase the amount of IL-12 produced by C26-transduced cells. C26 cells releasing 5 ng/ml IL-12, nearly 100 times more than the above-mentioned transduced cells, were tumorigenic in less than 50% of the mice given injections of 5 x 10(4) cells. In mice given injections of 5 x 10(5) cells, an initial tumor take of 100% followed by a complete tumor regression. Tumor regression was associated with infiltration of CD8+ and asialoGM1+ cells, and mice that remained tumor free were immune to a rechallenge of nontransduced C26 cells. The results indicate that the amount of IL-12 made available at the tumor site may determine both the type and number of infiltrating leukocytes and the events leading to tumor regression as well as it may overcame host immunosuppression.
A Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor Using Surface Acoustic Wave and Its Evaluation for Wireless Battery-less Sensor Network (2007)

This paper descries a highly sensitive stain sensor using surface wave (SAW) for battery-less wireless sensor network A SAW strain sensor measuring method by observing a shift of a resonant frequency was fabricated and numerically discussed. The SAW strain sensor having 40MHz resonant frequency was designed and fabricated onto a Quartz crystal substrate by micromachining. Tensile testing was carried out using a specimen made of SS400 as a test piece. Detectable strain of the sensor is below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> orders. Since the resolution of frequency in our measurement system in the test was 100Hz, this result is correct in theoretically. This result shows our sensor sensitivity based on theory will be up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> orders in the case of the resonant frequency 1GHz and the resolution frequency 1Hz.
레이다 위상동기를 위한 COHO Unit 의 구현 (1999)

레이다에서 위상측정을 위해서는 송신신호의 위상에 동기 된 안정된 신호를 발생하는 코히어런트 발진기(Coherent Oscillator. COHO)가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 마그네트론 에서 발생하는 송신 펄스 신호에 위상 동기 된 60MHz의 안정된 신호를 발생하는 COHO Unit를 개발하였다. 송신 펄스의 일부분을 이용하여 ILO(Injection Locking Oscillator)에서 송신펄스에 위상 동기 된 신호를 발생한다. 게이트 회로, ILO, 완충증폭기, 펄스발생기 등으로 구성된 레이다 COHO를 설계, 제작하여 성능을 검증하였다.
Treating Depression with Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation: State of the Art and Future Perspectives (2018)

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder, and its treatment is far from satisfactory. There is an urgent need to develop a new treatment for depression. Although still at its early stage, transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promising potential for treating depression. In this article, we first summarize the results of clinical studies on the treatment effect of taVNS on depression. Then, we re-analyze a previous study to identify the specific symptoms taVNS can relieve as indicated by subscores of the 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale in patients with depression. We found that taVNS can significantly reduce multiple symptoms of depression patients, including anxiety, psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbance, and hopelessness. Next, we pose several hypotheses on the mechanism of taVNS treatment of depression, including directly and indirectly modulating the activity and connectivity of key brain regions involved in depression and mood regulation; inhibiting neuro-inflammatory sensitization; modulating hippocampal neurogenesis; and regulating the microbiome-brain-gut axis. Finally, we outline current challenges and lay out the future directions of taVNS treatment of depression, which include (1) intensively comparing stimulation parameters and "dose effect" (treatment frequency and duration) to maximize the treatment effect of taVNS; (2) exploring the effect of taVNS on disorders comorbid with depression (such as chronic pain disorders, cardiovascular disorder, and autism) to provide new "two-for-one" treatment approaches for patients with these disorders; and (3) applying multiple scale methods to explore the underlying mechanism of taVNS.
Met-ase: cloning and distinct chromosomal location of a serine protease preferentially expressed in human natural killer cells. (1993)

A cDNA clone encoding a human NK serine protease was obtained by screening a lambda-gt10 library from the Lopez NK leukemia with the rat natural killer Met-ase (RNK-Met-1) cDNA clone. In Northern blot analysis human Met-ase (Hu-Met-1) cDNA hybridized with a 0.9-kb mRNA in two human NK leukemia cell lines, unstimulated human PBMC, and untreated purified CD3-CD56+ large granular lymphocytes. Unlike other members of the granzyme family that are highly expressed in activated peripheral T cells, the Hu-Met-1 transcript was barely detected in a population of PMA and ionomycin or IL-2-treated high density T cells. Several in vitro cultured Burkitt lymphomas, chronic- and promyeloid leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and colon and ovarian carcinomas and colon and ovarian carcinomas did not express Hu-Met-1 mRNA. Hu-Met-1 mRNA expression in a small number of human T cell tumor lines did not correlate with any particular phenotype or stage of development. The presence of Hu-Met-1 mRNA closely correlated with the Met-ase activity of cellular lysates prepared from these various human peripheral blood subsets and in vitro cultured cell lines. Met-ase activity detected in whole cell lysates of cytotoxic lymphocytes was associated with the cytoplasmic granules of these cells. The nucleotide sequence of the Hu-Met-1 cDNA clone encodes a predicted serine protease of 257 amino acids. The predicted protein is an active enzyme of 232 amino acids with a calculated unglycosylated m.w. of 27,100. Hu-Met-1 is 66% identical to RNK-Met-1 at the amino acid level. The human and rat mature protein sequences conserve the active site His, Asp, and Ser amino acids that form the catalytic triad of serine proteases, all 8 cysteine residues, and several amino acids critical in the formation of the substrate binding pocket. The gene for the Hu-Met-1 serine protease is located on chromosome 19, which distinguishes it from any other member of the human granzyme family.