gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polystyrene Layers Grafted to Epoxy-Modified Silicon Surfaces (2000)

Carboxylic acid- and anhydride-terminated polystyrenes of different molecular weights from 4500 to 672 000 were grafted from melt onto silicon substrates modified with epoxysilane monolayer. The grafted chains are densely packed with a density close to the known value for the bulk material. The tethered polymer layers are very smooth, uniform, mechanically stable, and cover homogeneously the modified silicon. At the degree of polymerization (N) close to the critical molecular weight, the grafting process is the most effective, resulting in the grafted unperturbed macromolecules. We suggest that the grafting from the reactive polymer melt is controlled by steric constraints through the minimum available free volume between the grafted macromolecules, which is reachable by another reactive end. This volume correlates with the size of monomeric unit and varies very little with the molecular weight.
Implementation of high density embedded 3-dimensional MIM capacitor integrated in compatible logic process (2016)

In this paper, we develop a cylinder-type embedded Metal Insulator Metal (e3DMIM) capacitor with high density without significantly impact transistors using low temperature High-K dielectrics in compatible logic process.
Probing the role of the proximal heme ligand in cytochrome P450cam by recombinant incorporation of selenocysteine (2009)

The unique monooxygenase activity of cytochrome P450cam has been attributed to coordination of a cysteine thiolate to the heme cofactor. To investigate this interaction, we replaced cysteine with the more electron-donating selenocysteine. Good yields of the selenoenzyme were obtained by bacterial expression of an engineered gene containing the requisite UGA codon for selenocysteine and a simplified yet functional selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS). The sulfur-to-selenium substitution subtly modulates the structural, electronic, and catalytic properties of the enzyme. Catalytic activity decreases only 2-fold, whereas substrate oxidation becomes partially uncoupled from electron transfer, implying a more complex role for the axial ligand than generally assumed.
Phylogenetical relationship based on groE genes among phenotypically related Enterobacter, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Serratia and Erwinia species. (1997)

In an attempt to define the phylogenetical relationship among 17 phenotypically related species of genera Enterobacter, Pantoea, Serratia, Klebsiella and Erwinia, we determined almost all of their groE operon sequences using the polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing method. The number of nucleotide substitutions per site was 0.12+/-0.030. The value was 3.6-fold higher than that of 16S rDNA. As a result, we were successful in constructing molecular phylogenetic trees which had a finer resolution than that based on the 16S rDNA sequences. The phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences of groE operons indicated that the members of genera Enterobacter, Pantoea and Klebsiella were closely related to each other, while Serratia and Erwinia species except Erwinia carotovora, made distinct clades. The close relationship between Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae, that had been suggested by biochemical tests and DNA hybridization, was also supported by our molecular phylogenetic trees.
Contextual dynamics of group-based sharing decisions (2011)

In this paper we investigate how decisions made while using a granular access control mechanism for sharing photographs are influenced by contextual factors and properties relating to the identities of contacts. We develop analytical models using logistic regression to understand relationships between variables that affect sharing decisions. We also investigate how predefined, static groups for privacy control cope with the challenge of sharing large amounts of content associated with numerous different contexts, and test whether they need to be adjusted to suit particular contexts.
Display of Fas Ligand Protein on Cardiac Vasculature as a Novel Means of Regulating Allograft Rejection (2003)

This study shows for the first time that exogenous proteins can be displayed on the endothelium of solid organs for therapeutic purposes. This approach provides a convenient and rapid means of displaying exogenous proteins on the surface of cells, tissues, and solid organs, with broad research and therapeutic implications.
Calcium sparks in smooth muscle (2000)

Local intracellular Ca(2+) transients, termed Ca(2+) sparks, are caused by the coordinated opening of a cluster of ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle cells. Ca(2+) sparks are activated by Ca(2+) entry through dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, although the precise mechanisms of communication of Ca(2+) entry to Ca(2+) spark activation are not clear in smooth muscle. Ca(2+) sparks act as a positive-feedback element to increase smooth muscle contractility, directly by contributing to the global cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]) and indirectly by increasing Ca(2+) entry through membrane potential depolarization, caused by activation of Ca(2+) spark-activated Cl(-) channels. Ca(2+) sparks also have a profound negative-feedback effect on contractility by decreasing Ca(2+) entry through membrane potential hyperpolarization, caused by activation of large-conductance, Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) channels. In this review, the roles of Ca(2+) sparks in positive- and negative-feedback regulation of smooth muscle function are explored. We also propose that frequency and amplitude modulation of Ca(2+) sparks by contractile and relaxant agents is an important mechanism to regulate smooth muscle function.
C&EN talks with Jennifer Doudna, CRISPR pioneer (2017)

It’s been less than five years since University of California, Berkeley, biochemist Jennifer Doudna and colleagues unveiled the gene-editing tool CRISPR in Science (2012, DOI: 10.1126/science.1225829), but its use among researchers across the globe has already exploded. Last April, for example, Sichuan University scientists announced that they had used CRISPR to program T cells from the immune system of a person with lung cancer to kill tumor cells (Nature 2016, DOI: 10.1038/nature.2016.20988). And late last year, a UC Berkeley team reported harnessing the technology to correct the genetic mutation responsible for sickle cell anemia in stem cells from patients with the disease (Sci. Transl. Med. 2016, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9336). Doudna didn’t set out to develop a far-reaching gene-editing tool years ago. Initially, her team wanted to uncover the role of CRISPRs—short for “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats”—which are repetitive sequences of RNA hidden in the genomes of many bacteria. Eventually,
The Melbourne Epidemiology Group (2006)

The Melbourne Epidemiology Group (MEG) was founded in 1985 by Graham Giles and John Hopper for the purpose of bringing epidemiologically interested parties together for the useful interactions. However there was problem of growth as it failed to appeal to everyone.
Nucleotide Sequence of a Brassica napus Clp Homolog (1994)

The chloroplast envelope plays a major role in a number of important biochemical processes including the import of plastid proteins. Most plastid proteins are synthesized as precursors and are then imported from the cytosol into the organelle via a posttranslational mechanism. The protein translocation process is believed to involve a number of factors residing in the envelope membrane. Despite the current emergence of reports conceming the characterization of the chloroplast protein import apparatus, the mechanism by which precursor proteins traverse the envelope membrane still involves a number of unidentified components (see review by Sol1 and Alefsen, 1993). The chloroplast protein import machinery clearly involves many components that need to be identified and characterized, considering the complexity of the protein translocation process, as demonstrated in the mitochondrion and the ER. One of our strategies for identifying components of the
A quantum chemical study of the self-directed growth mechanism of styrene and propylene molecular nanowires on the silicon (100) 2×1 surface (2002)

We use density functional theory to investigate the self-directed growth mechanism of molecular nanowires on the Si (100)-2×1 monohydride surface from the molecular precursors styrene (H2C=CH–C6H5) and propylene (H2C=CH–CH3). The reaction is initiated using a scanning tunneling microscope tip to create a Si dangling bond on the surface. This dangling bond then attacks the C=C π bond to form a Si–C bond and a C radical. Next, the C radical abstracts a H atom from a neighboring surface site, which results in a new Si dangling bond to propagate the chain reaction. For the case of H2C=CH–C6H5 the predicted hydrogen abstraction barrier of 18.0 kcal/mol from a neighboring dimer along the dimer row for C–H bond formation is smaller than H2C=CH–C6H5 desorption energy of 22.6 kcal/mol. On the other hand, for the case of H2C=CH–CH3 the predicted hydrogen abstraction barrier of 10.8 kcal/mol for C–H bond formation from a neighboring dimer is significantly larger than H2C=CH–CH3 desorption barrier of 2.7 kcal/mol. Consequently, the predicted barriers indicate that the self-directed growth of nanowires on (100) silicon using styrene occurs while a self-directed chain reaction using propylene should not occur, in agreement with experimental observations.
A System for the Rapid Acquisition of Surface Potential Maps of Human Skeletal Muscle Motor Units (1980)

Inability to predict the intramusclar orientation, depth, and distribution of a motor unit's muscle fibers within a human skeletal muscle complicates unit size estimation. A data collection system is described that is suitable for systematic study of this problem.
THE BENCHMARK BETA, CAPM, AND PRICING ANOMALIES (1994)

Journal Article THE BENCHMARK BETA, CAPM, AND PRICING ANOMALIES Get access CHEOL S. EUN CHEOL S. EUN Department of Finance, College of Business and Management, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 46, Issue 2, April 1994, Pages 330–343, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042132 Published: 01 April 1994
Development and characterization of 3D, nano-confined multicellular constructs for advanced biohybrid devices. (2011)

This is the final report for the President Harry S. Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering (LDRD project 130813) awarded to Dr. Bryan Kaehr from 2008-2011. Biological chemistries, cells, and integrated systems (e.g., organisms, ecologies, etc.) offer important lessons for the design of synthetic strategies and materials. The desire to both understand and ultimately improve upon biological processes has been a driving force for considerable scientific efforts worldwide. However, to impart the useful properties of biological systems into modern devices and materials requires new ideas and technologies. The research herein addresses aspects of these issues through the development of (1) a rapid-prototyping methodology to build 3D bio-interfaces and catalytic architectures, (2) a quantitative method to measure cell/material mechanical interactions in situ and at the microscale, and (3) a breakthrough approach to generate functional biocomposites from bacteria and cultured cells.
HER2-Targeted Gene Transfer (1997)

Selective transfer of genes to specific cells remains a barrier to successful utilization of somatic gene therapy. We hypothesized that the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2, also called ErbB2), a membrane tyrosine kinase highly expressed in many epithelial tumors, could be an immunological target for gene transfer. To test this hypothesis in vitro, we non-covalently linked a luciferase expression vector (pRSVLuc) to a humanized HER2 antibody (rhuMAbHER2) covalently modified with poly-L-lysine bridges (PL). This complex (PL-rhuMAbHER2) was tested for its ability to direct gene transfer to HER2 expressing cells in vitro using NIH3T3 (HER2 nonexpressing) and NIH3T3.HER2 (HER2 expressing) cell lines as a model system. Twenty-four hours after exposing NIH3T3.HER2 cells to the PL-rhuMAbHER2-pRSVLuc complexes and 100 microM chloroquine, luciferase expression was 180-fold higher than that obtained from a conjugate made with an isotype-matched antibody against an irrelevant target. Exposing the HER2-expressing adenocarcinoma cell lines BT474 and SKBR3 to the HER2-targeted complexes also resulted in successful gene transfer and expression. Gene transfer was specific for the HER2 receptor, because preincubation of HER2-expressing cells with unconjugated rhuMAbHER2 decreased complex-mediated luciferase expression by 95%. These studies suggest that HER2 may be an appropriate target for selective gene transfer and that PL-rhuMAbHER2-DNA complexes may be a useful vehicle for directing gene transfer to cells that express HER2.
Dual Chromophore‐Nitroxides: Novel Molecular Probes, Photochemical and Photophysical Models and Magnetic Materials (2007)

Over the last decades scientists have faced growing requirements in novel methods of fast and sensitive analysis of antioxidant status of biological systems, spin redox probing and spin trapping, investigation of molecular dynamics, and of convenient models for studies of photophysical and photochemical processes. In approaching this problem, methods based upon the use of dual chromophore-nitroxide (CN) compounds have been suggested and developed. A CN consists of two molecular sub-functionality (a chromophore and a stable nitroxide radical) tethered together by spacers. In the dual compound the nitroxide is a strong intramolecular quencher of the fluorescence from the chromophore fragment. Reduction to hydroxylamine, oxidation of the nitroxide fragment or addition of an active radical yield the fluorescence increase and the parallel decay of the fragment electron spin resonance (ESR) signal. At certain conditions the dual molecules undergo photomagnetic switching and form excited state multi-spin systems. These unique properties of CN were intensively exploited as the basis for several methodologies, which include molecular probing, modeling intramolecular photochemical and photophysical processes, and construction of new magnetic materials.
Limitations of Using Regression and Mean Separation Analyses for Describing the Response of Crop Yield to Defoliation: A Case Study of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Potato (1998)

The relationship between Irish potato tuber yield, Solanum tuberosum L., and defoliation by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), was investigated and the use of regression and mean separation analyses as a basis for developing economic injury levels were compared. The type of statistical analysis used to describe this relationship greatly affected the interpretation of data. Mean separation (=multiple-comparison) procedures were inadequate to detect accurately defoliation levels tolerated by potato, because these procedures did not have significant statistical power to detect small reductions in yield. Similarly, regression analyses failed to identify a level of defoliation tolerable to potato because a consistent biological relationship between yield and defoliation could not be determined. For example, a quadratic term (nonlinear) in the analysis of variance was significant in only 2 of 8 experiments, and the relationship between 'Atlantic' and 'Superior' yield and defoliation in these experiments was concave, indicating that yield losses were greatest at low levels of defoliation. A plateau model (nonlinear) suggested that Atlantic potato could tolerate low levels of defoliation (1.8-13% in 4 of 6 data sets), but it did not fit data for the variety Superior. Although a negative linear model provided a statistically significant fit to 7 of 8 data sets (average slopes [±SEM] for Atlantic and Superior were -0.12 ± 0.01 and -0.15 ± 0.03 T/ha per the percentage of defoliation, respectively), it is likely that a linear model underestimates the actual level of defoliation that potato can tolerate, especially at low levels. The implications of these findings for the development of economic injury levels and economic thresholds for the Colorado potato beetle on potato are discussed.
An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Voluntary and Stimulus-Driven Orienting of Attention (2005)

Attention can be voluntarily directed to a location or automatically summoned to a location by a salient stimulus. We compared the effects of voluntary and stimulus-driven shifts of spatial attention on the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in humans, using a method that separated preparatory activity related to the initial shift of attention from the subsequent activity caused by target presentation. Voluntary shifts produced greater preparatory activity than stimulus-driven shifts in the frontal eye field (FEF) and intraparietal sulcus, core regions of the dorsal frontoparietal attention network, demonstrating their special role in the voluntary control of attention. Stimulus-driven attentional shifts to salient color singletons recruited occipitotemporal regions, sensitive to color information and part of the dorsal network, including the FEF, suggesting a partly overlapping circuit for endogenous and exogenous orienting. The right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a core region of the ventral frontoparietal attention network, was strongly modulated by stimulus-driven attentional shifts to behaviorally relevant stimuli, such as targets at unattended locations. However, the TPJ did not respond to salient, task-irrelevant color singletons, indicating that behavioral relevance is critical for TPJ modulation during stimulus-driven orienting. Finally, both ventral and dorsal regions were modulated during reorienting but significantly only by reorienting after voluntary shifts, suggesting the importance of a mismatch between expectation and sensory input.
Smart Porous Silicon Nanoparticles with Polymeric Coatings for Sequential Combination Therapy (2015)

In spite of the advances in drug delivery, the preparation of smart nanocomposites capable of precisely controlled release of multiple drugs for sequential combination therapy is still challenging. Here, a novel drug delivery nanocomposite was prepared by coating porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles with poly(beta-amino ester) (PAE) and Pluronic F-127, respectively. Two anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX), were separately loaded into the core of PSi and the shell of F127. The nanocomposite displayed enhanced colloidal stability and good cytocompatibility. Moreover, a spatiotemporal drug release was achieved for sequential combination therapy by precisely controlling the release kinetics of the two tested drugs. The release of PTX and DOX occurred in a time-staggered manner; PTX was released much faster and earlier than DOX at pH 7.0. The grafted PAE on the external surface of PSi acted as a pH-responsive nanovalve for the site-specific release of DOX. In vitro cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that the DOX and PTX coloaded nanoparticles exhibited a better synergistic effect than the free drugs in inducing cellular apoptosis. Therefore, the present study demonstrates a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of combination cancer therapies by precisely controlling the release kinetics of different drugs.
Mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannoside is a natural antigen for CD1d-restricted T cells (2004)

A group of T cells recognizes glycolipids presented by molecules of the CD1 family. The CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are primarily considered to be self-reactive. By employing CD1d-binding and T cell assays, the following structural parameters for presentation by CD1d were defined for a number of mycobacterial and mammalian lipids: two acyl chains facilitated binding, and a polar head group was essential for T cell recognition. Of the mycobacterial lipids tested, only a phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM) fulfilled the requirements for CD1d binding and NKT cell stimulation. This PIM activated human and murine NKT cells via CD1d, thereby triggering antigen-specific IFN-gamma production and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and PIM-loaded CD1d tetramers identified a subpopulation of murine and human NKT cells. This phospholipid, therefore, represents a mycobacterial antigen recognized by T cells in the context of CD1d.
Interanimal "Memory" Transfer: Results from Brain and Liver Homogenates (1970)

Sixty mice received either shock or no shock in a shuttle box, or nonspecific stress in another apparatus. Brain and liver homogenates from these animals were then injected into 120 naive recipients, who were all tested in the shuttle box. Subjects receiving brain or liver from shocked or stressed donors had significantly higher latencies than control counterparts. These results are interpreted in terms of stress, rather than a memory transfer hypothesis.
Inert Phosphorescent Nanospheres as Markers for Optical Assays (2001)

A simple encapsulation technique is presented to produce highly phosphorescent, inert nanospheres that are suitable luminescent markers. It is based on the coprecipitation of phosphorescent ruthenium(II)-tris(polypyridyl) complexes and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) derivatives from a solution in N,N-dimethylformamide. The beads precipitate in the form of very small aggregates of spherical shape and a typical particle diameter of less than 50 nm. This process allows the encapsulation of phosphorescent and fluorescent dyes in an individual nanosphere provided that they are sufficiently lipophilic. Quenching by oxygen is negligible due to the use of PAN. The nanospheres were characterized with respect to their spectral properties (quantum yields of the luminophores, brightness, luminescence decay time), stability in aqueous buffered suspensions, and in terms of size, shape, and surface charge of the particles, as well as storage stability, quenching by oxygen, and dye leaching.
Vacuum-gapped film bulk acoustic resonator for low-loss mass sensing in liquid (2009)

This paper describes a novel design of a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) without significant reduction of Q factor in liquid environments. The new design employs a vacuum gap to prevent acoustic energy loss in liquid. The Q factor was measured to be about 153 in the air and 140 in the water. We found that the Q factor is reduced only 9% in water, while the Q factor of a normal FBAR in the water is drastically decreased down to about 20 (more than 85% reduction). The device exhibited excellent liquid mass sensing capability due to the Q factor in liquid kept as high as in the air.
Sub-Nyquist sampling based narrowband interference mitigation in UWB impulse radio (2012)

Based on characteristics of sparsity and significance of the narrowband interference (NBI) signal in the fast Fourier transform domain even at sub-Nyquist sampling rate, a novel NBI detection and mitigation scheme is proposed. An orthogonal matrix for projecting the discrete-time NBI signal into a zero vector is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
Reflectivity of integrated optical filters based on elliptic Bragg reflectors (1990)

Spectral properties of integrated optical filters and wavelength division multiplexers where Bragg reflectors composed of confocal elliptic grating lines are used for wavelength selection as well as focusing are calculated. It is shown that such reflectors can focus light from one focal point to the other focal point with almost unity reflectivity and diffraction-limited resolution. For most cases of practical interest, the reflection spectrum is almost identical to the reflection spectrum of a one-dimensional Bragg reflector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>