gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEAP: A Database for Emotion Analysis ;Using Physiological Signals (2011)

We present a multimodal data set for the analysis of human affective states. The electroencephalogram (EEG) and peripheral physiological signals of 32 participants were recorded as each watched 40 one-minute long excerpts of music videos. Participants rated each video in terms of the levels of arousal, valence, like/dislike, dominance, and familiarity. For 22 of the 32 participants, frontal face video was also recorded. A novel method for stimuli selection is proposed using retrieval by affective tags from the last.fm website, video highlight detection, and an online assessment tool. An extensive analysis of the participants' ratings during the experiment is presented. Correlates between the EEG signal frequencies and the participants' ratings are investigated. Methods and results are presented for single-trial classification of arousal, valence, and like/dislike ratings using the modalities of EEG, peripheral physiological signals, and multimedia content analysis. Finally, decision fusion of the classification results from different modalities is performed. The data set is made publicly available and we encourage other researchers to use it for testing their own affective state estimation methods.
Osmotic Loading of Spherical Gels: A Biomimetic Study of Hindered Transport in the Cell Protoplasm (2006)

Osmotic loading of cells has been used to investigate their physicochemical properties as well as their biosynthetic activities. The classical Kedem-Katchalsky framework for analyzing cell response to osmotic loading, which models the cell as a fluid-filled membrane, does not generally account for the possibility of partial volume recovery in response to loading with a permeating osmolyte, as observed in some experiments. The cell may be more accurately represented as a hydrated gel surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane, with the gel and membrane potentially exhibiting different properties. To help assess whether this more elaborate model of the cell is justified, this study investigates the response of spherical gels to osmotic loading, both from experiments and theory. The spherical gel is described using the framework of mixture theory. In the experimental component of the study alginate is used as the model gel, and is osmotically loaded with dextran solutions of various concentrations and molecular weight, to verify the predictions from the theoretical analysis. Results show that the mixture framework can accurately predict the transient and equilibrium response of alginate gels to osmotic loading with dextran solutions. It is found that the partition coefficient of dextran in alginate regulates the equilibrium volume response and can explain partial volume recovery based on passive transport mechanisms. The validation of this theoretical framework facilitates future investigations of the role of the protoplasm in the response of cells to osmotic loading.
A High-Sensitivity, Medium-Density, and Target Amplification–Free Planar Waveguide Microarray System for Gene Expression Analysis of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue (2009)

The presented PWG platform demonstrated excellent sensitivity and precision and is especially well suited for any application for which fast, simple, and robust multiplex assays of RNA in FFPE tissue are required.
Induction of 2,5 oas gene expression and activity is not sufficient for IFN‐γ‐induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation (1995)

We showed earlier that interferon-gamma is a powerful inducer of differentiation of human neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Although 2',5' oligo-adenylate synthetase (2,5 OAS) may play a role in mediating the anti-proliferative and/or differentiative effects of interferons (IFNs), direct evidence is lacking. We have investigated gene and protein expression of the 4 different 2,5 OAS isoforms and their cumulative enzymatic activity in a previously characterized IFN-gamma-sensitive human NB cell line, LAN-5. Analysis of total and poly(A)+ RNA by Northern blot and RT-PCR indicated that expression of the mRNA coding for the 40-, 46-and 69-kDa isoforms was induced in a time- and dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximum after a 36-hr treatment with 1000 IU/ml of IFN-gamma. In the absence of treatment, only the mRNA for the 69-kDa isoform was detectable by RT-PCR. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D showed that 2,5 OAS mRNA was quite stable, with a half-life of about 4 hr. With respect to the protein content, no 2,5 OAS isoform was present in proliferating LAN-5 cells; following IFN-gamma treatment, the 100-, 69-and 46-kDa isoforms became detectable. Accordingly, 2,5 OAS enzymatic activity, virtually undetectable in untreated LAN-5 cells, increased up to 132 pmol oligoadenylate/micrograms protein/hr after 48 hr of treatment, then slowly decreased, remaining detectable up to 96 hr. However, the 2,5 OAS proteins required an exogenous activation by synthetic dsRNA to exert enzymatic activity. It is therefore conceivable that they do not play a biological role in NB cell functions. Moreover, an increase in 2,5 OAS enzymatic activity was also observed in NB cells resistant to the differentiation-promoting activity of IFN-gamma, further suggesting that 2,5 OAS induction was not sufficient to trigger IFN-gamma-dependent neuronal maturation. Furthermore, other differentiation-inducing agents, such as retinoic acid and cytosine arabinoside, or complete proliferative arrest produced by serum deprivation, failed to enhance 2,5 OAS activity, thus indicating that the 2,5 OAS system is not directly involved in mediating other differentiative pathways of NB cells.
High-pressure on-chip mechanical valves for thermoplastic microfluidic devices (2009)

A facile method enabling the integration of elastomeric valves into rigid thermoplastic microfluidic chips is described. The valves employ discrete plugs of elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) integrated into the thermoplastic substrate and actuated using a threaded stainless steel needle. The fabrication process takes advantage of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a sacrificial molding material to isolate the PDMS regions from the thermoplastic flow channels, while yielding smooth contact surfaces with the PDMS valve seats. The valves introduce minimal dead volumes, and provide a simple mechanical means to achieve reproducible proportional valving within thermoplastic microfluidic systems. Burst pressure tests reveal that the valves can withstand pressures above 12 MPa over repeated open/close cycles without leakage, and above 24 MPa during a single use, making the technology well suited for applications such as high performance liquid chromatography. Proportional valve operation is demonstrated using a multi-valve chemical gradient generator fabricated in cyclic olefin polymer.
Generation of new nanomaterials by interfering femtosecond laser processing and its applications (2006)

New nanomaterials such as nanobump, nanomesh, nanobelt were generated by thin film processing by interfering femtosecond laser beams. To split and correlate femtosecond laser, a demagnification optical system with a transmission beam splitter was used. Different interference patterns can be generated depending upon the number of beam, magnification factor and period of the transmission grating. Using the system, a material surface can be processed according to the interference pattern. Metallic single- or multi-layered film was used as a target. A nanobump array was applied to field emission device. In addition, periodic structure could be generated inside transparent material in a single process. This scheme is a new technique to generate new nanomaterials and nanostructures using top-down technique.
Cytomegalovirus Infections Following Renal Transplantation (1981)

This collective review of the literature concerns posttransplantation cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. In the author's view, patients without previous CMV infection are most often infected by viruses transmitted with the transplanted kidney, whereas patients with prior infections can be infected either from this source or by reactivation of latent CMV. Many posttransplantation CMV infections are asymptomatic or yield only mild systemic effects. A few patients suffer life-threatening disease. However, CMV infections might adversely affect survival of both graft and patient by contributing to graft rejection, weakening the graft recipient's immunity, or by other, more direct, means. Currently, there is no effective, specific treatment of these infections. It is predicted that CMV infections will cease to be a problem only when the means are found to specifically block transplantation immunity, thereby eliminating the need for systemic immunosuppression and eliminating low-level host-vs.-graft responses.
Up‐regulation of PSF1 promotes the growth of breast cancer cells (2010)

PSF1 is a subunit of the GINS complex that functions along with the MCM2-7 complex and Cdc45 in eukaryotic DNA replication. Although mammalian PSF1 is predominantly expressed in highly proliferating cells and organs, little is known about the roles of PSF1 in mature cells or cancer cells. We found that PSF1 was expressed at relatively high levels in breast tumor cells, but at low levels in normal breast cells. Knockdown of PSF1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA) slowed the growth of breast cancer cell lines by delaying DNA replication but did not affect proliferation of normal human mammary epithelial cells. Reduced PSF1 expression also inhibited anchorage-independent growth in breast cancer cell lines. These results suggest that PSF1 over-expression is specifically involved in breast cancer cell growth. Therefore, PSF1 inhibition might provide new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
Incorporation of bisphosphonates into adenine nucleotides by amoebae of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum (1994)

Bisphosphonates are a class of synthetic pyrophosphate analogues. Some are known to be potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vivo, but their mechanisms of action are unclear. The order of potency of bisphosphonates as inhibitors of bone resorption closely matches the order of potency as inhibitors of growth of amoebae of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, indicating that bisphosphonates may have a mechanism of action that is similar in both osteoclasts and Dictyostelium. Methylenebisphosphonate and several halogenated derivatives, which have low potency as antiresorptive agents and as growth inhibitors of Dictyostelium, are metabolized intracellularly by Dictyostelium amoebae into methylene-containing adenine nucleotides. We have used a combination of n.m.r. and f.p.l.c. analysis to determine whether incorporation into nucleotides is a feature of other bisphosphonates, especially those that are potent antiresorptive agents. Only bisphosphonates with short side chains or of low potency are incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas those with long side chains or of high potency are not metabolized. Bisphosphonate metabolism in cell-free extracts of Dictyostelium was accompanied by inhibition of aminoacylation of tRNA by several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes were barely affected by the bisphosphonates that were not metabolized. The results indicate that some bisphosphonates are not metabolically inert analogues of pyrophosphate and appear to be metabolized by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The cellular effects of some bisphosphonates may be the result of their incorporation into adenine nucleotides or inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, although the potent bisphosphonates appear to act by a different mechanism.
Cellular Radio and Personal Communications: Selected Readings (1995)

From the Publisher:
This collection of 40 articles will be invaluable to students, practicing engineers, and researchers. Leaders in the field give key information on fundamental system design, speech coding, cellular networking, modulation techniques, and standards in some of the most useful papers available.
Robust estimators for expression analysis (2002)

A hierarchy of simple models is used to design robust estimators meeting these goals for both stand alone and comparative experiments. This algorithm has been validated against an extensive panel of known spike experiments, and shows comparable performance to existing standards.
Anticariogenicity of Calcium Phosphate Complexes of Tryptic Casein Phosphopeptides in the Rat (1995)

Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) stabilize calcium phosphate through the formation of casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate complexes (CPP-CP). The ability of CPP-CP to reduce caries activity was investigated by use of specific-pathogen-free rats inoculated with Streptococcus sobrinus. The animals consumed a defined cariogenic diet free of dairy products. Solutions (100 microL) of the CPP-CP (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0% w/v) were applied to the animals' molar teeth twice daily. Other groups of animals received solutions containing 500 ppm F, the non-phosphorylated peptides of a casein tryptic digest (0.5% w/v), or the calcium-phosphate complex of a synthetic octapeptide, Ac-Glu-Ser(P)-Ile-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu-NHMe, corresponding to the common sequence in the CPP. The CPP-CP significantly reduced caries activity in a dose-response fashion, with 1.0% CPP-CP producing 55% and 46% reductions in smooth surface and fissure caries activity, respectively, being similar to that of 500 ppm F. The anticariogenic effects of CPP-CP and fluoride were additive, since animals receiving 0.5% CPP-CP plus 500 ppm F had significantly lower caries activity than those animals receiving either CPP-CP or fluoride alone. The tryptic digest of casein with the phosphopeptides selectively removed showed no anticariogenic activity. The synthetic octapeptide-calcium phosphate complex significantly reduced caries activity, confirming that this calcium-phosphate-stabilizing portion of the casein phospho-peptides is associated with anticariogenicity. The CPP-CP did not significantly affect the level of S. sobrinus in fissure plaque.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sublimation as a method of matrix application for mass spectrometric imaging (2007)

Common organic matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, were found to undergo sublimation without decomposition under conditions of reduced pressure and elevated temperature. This solid to vapor-phase transition was exploited to apply MALDI matrix onto tissue samples over a broad surface in a solvent-free application for mass spectrometric imaging. Sublimation of matrix produced an even layer of small crystals across the sample plate. The deposition was readily controlled with time, temperature, and pressure settings and was highly reproducible from one sample to the next. Mass spectrometric images acquired from phospholipid standards robotically spotted onto a MALDI plate yielded a more intense, even signal with fewer sodium adducts when matrix was applied by sublimation relative to samples where matrix was deposited by an electrospray technique. MALDI matrix could be readily applied to tissue sections on glass slides and stainless steel MALDI plate inserts as long as good thermal contact was made with the condenser of the sublimation device. Sections of mouse brain were coated with matrix applied by sublimation and were imaged using a Q-q-TOF mass spectrometer to yield mass spectral images of very high quality. Image quality is likely enhanced by several features of this technique including the microcrystalline morphology of the deposited matrix, increased purity of deposited matrix, and evenness of deposition. This inexpensive method was reproducible and eliminated the potential for spreading of analytes arising from solvent deposition during matrix application.
Infliximab (2001)

Infliximab (Remicade, Centocor, Inc.) is an intravenously administered monoclonal antibody to TNF proven effective in the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). Its introduction in October 1998 was heralded by some as the most important addition to therapy for this condition in 50 years. Since then, additional indications have been added as efficacy has been proven in fistulising CD and in rheumatoid arthritis. Even though the costs associated with a single dose are several thousand US dollars, more than 150,000 patients have received infusions since its approval.
The Multiple Logistic Regression Model (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Multiple Logistic Regression Model Fitting the Multiple Logistic Regression Model Testing for the Significance of the Model Confidence Interval Estimation Other Estimation Methods Exercises
A robust dialogue system with spontaneous speech understanding and cooperative response (1997)

A spoken dialogue system that can understand spontaneous speech needs to handle extensive range of speech in comparision with the read speech that has been studied so far. The spoken language has looser restriction of the grammar than the written language and has ambiguous phenomena such as interjections, ellipses, inversions, repairs, unknown words and so on. It must be noted that the recognition rate of the speech recognizer is limited by the trade-off between the looseness of linguistic constraints and recognition precision, and that the recognizer may output a sentence as recognition results which human would never say. Therefore, the interpreter that receives recognized sentences must cope not only with spontaneous sentences but also with illegal sentences having recognition errors. Some spoken language systems focus on robust matching to handle ungrammatical utterances and illegal sentences.
Representation and execution of plan sequences for multi-agent systems (2001)

Integration of planning and execution for single-agent systems has received considerable attention and numerous interesting approaches have been proposed. This is not the case for multi-agent systems, however. We describe one approach to representing joint team activities using a finite state machine augmented with synchronization primitives for orchestration of group activities. This representation encodes a sequence of activities that can be distributed across a team of robots and executed in a coordinated manner. We then show how such a representation can be mapped onto a behavior-based formalism for execution, as supported by a distributed, multi-robot control architecture, CAMPOUT. We demonstrate the proposed mechanisms within the context of a challenging task, where two rovers collectively carry an extended container over rough terrain.
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst Generation in Hippocampal Neurons (2004)

KCNQ channel subunits are widely expressed in peripheral and central neurons, where they give rise to a muscarinic-sensitive, subthreshold, and noninactivating K+ current (M-current). It is generally agreed that activation of KCNQ/M channels contributes to spike frequency adaptation during sustained depolarizations but is too slow to influence the repolarization of solitary spikes. This concept, however, is based mainly on experiments with muscarinic agonists, the multiple effects on membrane conductances of which may overshadow the distinctive effects of KCNQ/M channel block. Here, we have used selective modulators of KCNQ/M channels to investigate their role in spike electrogenesis in CA1 pyramidal cells. Solitary spikes were evoked by brief depolarizing current pulses injected into the neurons. The KCNQ/M channel blockers linopirdine and XE991 markedly enhanced the spike afterdepolarization (ADP) and, in most neurons, converted solitary ("simple") spikes to high-frequency bursts of three to seven spikes ("complex" spikes). Conversely, the KCNQ/M channel opener retigabine reduced the spike ADP and induced regular firing in bursting neurons. Selective block of BK or SK channels had no effect on the spike ADP or firing mode in these neurons. We conclude that KCNQ/M channels activate during the spike ADP and limit its duration, thereby precluding its escalation to a burst. Consequently, down-modulation of KCNQ/M channels converts the neuronal firing pattern from simple to complex spiking, whereas up-modulation of these channels exerts the opposite effect.
Ebola Virus Glycoprotein: Proteolytic Processing, Acylation, Cell Tropism, and Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies (2001)

Using the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotype system, we studied the functional properties of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP). Amino acid substitutions at the GP cleavage site, which reduce glycoprotein cleavability and viral infectivity in some viruses, did not appreciably change the infectivity of VSV pseudotyped with GP. Likewise, removal of two acylated cysteine residues in the transmembrane region of GP showed no discernible effects on infectivity. Although most filoviruses are believed to target endothelial cells and hepatocytes preferentially, the GP-carrying VSV showed greater affinity for epithelial cells than for either of these cell types, indicating that Ebola virus GP does not necessarily have strong tropism toward endothelial cells and hepatocytes. Finally, when it was used to screen for neutralizing antibodies against Ebola virus GP, the VSV pseudotype system allowed us to detect strain-specific neutralizing activity that was inhibited by secretory GP (SGP). This finding provides evidence of shared neutralizing epitopes on GP and SGP molecules and indicates the potential of SGP to serve as a decoy for neutralizing antibodies.
Purification and characterization of the major surface array protein from the avirulent Bacillus anthracis Delta Sterne-1 (1995)

Many prokaryotic organisms possess surface layer (S-layer) proteins that are components of the outermost cell envelope. With immunogold labeling, it was demonstrated that the protein extractable antigen 1 (EA1) was localized on the outer surface and specifically to cell wall fragments from Bacillus anthracis which retained the S layer. When grown in rich medium under aerobic conditions, the avirulent strain Delta Sterne-1 released large amounts of EA1 into the medium. This EA1 had no higher-order structure initially but formed two-dimensional crystals under defined conditions. The released EA1 was purified in aqueous buffers with a three-step procedure and found to have a mass of 95 kDa when subjected to denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). N-terminal sequence data revealed exact identity to the first eight residues of the S-layer protein from B. thuringiensis 4045. Gel permeation chromatography of the purified EA1 under nondenaturing conditions revealed a single peak corresponding to a mass of approximately 400 kDa, suggesting that a tetramer or dimer of dimers was the primary species in solution. SDS-PAGE of EA1 purified in the absence of protease inhibitors revealed specific proteolytic processing to an 80-kDa form, which immunoreacted with polyclonal anti-EA1 antibodies. This proteolytic cleavage of EA1 to 80 kDa was duplicated with purified EA1 and the protease trypsin or pronase.