gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analgesic domains of interferon-α (2001)

Interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) is not only an immunoregulatory factor, but is also an analgesic molecule. We ever reported that there exist distinct domains in IFNalpha molecule that mediate immune and analgesic effects respectively and inferred that the analgesic domain locates around the 122nd Tyr residue of IFNalpha molecule in the tertiary structure. After the 36th Phe residue, which was located closely to the 122nd Tyr residue in the tertiary structure, was mutated to Ser using site-directed mutagenesis, the analgesic activity of this mutant lost completely, but the antiviral activity of IFNalpha still maintained 40.5% of wild type IFNalpha. The results suggest that the 36th Phe residue is one of the constituent for the analgesic domain of IFNalpha and inferred that the analgesic domain of IFNalpha consists of the 122nd Tyr and the residues around the 122nd in the tertiary structure, which include the 36th Phe.
Natural killer cell clones can efficiently process and present protein antigens (1991)

NK cell clones obtained from three different donors were tested for their ability to present soluble proteins to Ag-specific T cell clones. All NK clones were CD2+CD3-CD56+, whereas the expression of CD16 varied from clone to clone. The NK cell clones were able to process and present tetanus toxoid (TT) to TT-specific T cell clones in a class II HLA restricted manner. The capacity of NK cell clones to function as APC was also observed using the house dust mite allergen Der p I and the Der p I-derived peptide Val89-Cys117. As with EBV-transformed B cell line, NK cell clones could present the peptide 3-13 derived from the 65-kDa heat shock protein of Mycobacterium leprae, but they were unable to present the whole M. leprae Ag. Freshly isolated NK cells, IL-2-activated NK cells, and NK cell lines expanded in vitro could also process and present TT. The ability of the different NK populations to act as accessory cells correlated with their levels of class II HLA expression. These data demonstrate that NK cell clones can efficiently function as APC, however they may be restricted in the types of Ag that they can process.
Multimedia synchronization protocols for broadband integrated services (1991)

Protocols to provide synchronization of data elements with arbitrary temporal relationships of both stream and non-stream broadband traffic types are proposed. It is specified that the provision of a synchronization function be performed within a packet switched network, and, accordingly, a two-level communication architecture is presented. The lower level, called the network synchronization protocol (NSP), provides the ability to establish and maintain individual connections with specified synchronization characteristics. The upper level, the application synchronization protocol (ASP), supports an integrated synchronization service for multimedia applications. The ASP identifies the temporal relationships among an application's data objects and manages the synchronization of arriving data for playout. The proposed NSP and ASP are mapped to the session and application layers of the open-systems-interconnection (OSI) reference model, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. (1989)

This report contains a summary of an extensive survey of autopsy data for mentally retarded persons. Among adults with DS, the brain neuropathology of AD was universal in those age 37 and over; claimed exceptions were indefensible. The behavioral evaluations of the DS adults, however, could be classified into three divisions: 1. "quiescent" (neither seizures nor dementia, 2). "partial" (seizures but no dementia), and 3). "active" (dementia +/- seizures). Thus, it is reasonable to argue that all persons with DS develop AD itself upon aging. However, DS cannot be used uncritically as an AD model since no increased incidence of active AD was found in DS with aging beyond the critical threshold age (mid-30's). Improved accurate quantification of Southern blots produced 100% accuracy in decoding blind samples of DS and non-DS samples. Using this system, DNA levels similar to those of DS have been demonstrated for all categories of AD at a small subsection of chromosome 21 near to, or within the DS DNA location on chromosome 21. Increased amounts of a complete, structural gene sequence were not found (or expected). The results provide evidence for a unitary hypothesis for DS and all forms of AD.
Cooperating knowledge-based systems (1988)

This final report covers work performed under Contract NCC2-220 between NASA Ames Research Center and the Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University. The period of research was from March 1, 1987 to February 29, 1988. Topics covered were as follows: (1) concurrent architectures for knowledge-based systems; (2) methods for the solution of geometric constraint satisfaction problems, and (3) reasoning under uncertainty. The research in concurrent architectures was co-funded by DARPA, as part of that agency's Strategic Computing Program. The research has been in progress since 1985, under DARPA and NASA sponsorship. The research in geometric constraint satisfaction has been done in the context of a particular application, that of determining the 3-D structure of complex protein molecules, using the constraints inferred from NMR measurements.
Inspiratory Efforts Achieved in Use of the Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation System (2009)

Patients with diabetes demonstrated consistent inhalation efforts over two inhalations using the MedTone system. The achieved PIFs and PIPs demonstrate the capacity of this population to obtain sufficient inspiratory effort necessary for delivery of TI using the MedTone inhaler. Adequate postpeak pressures were also revealed, further supporting reliable and sustained inhalation efforts.
Human MT6-matrix metalloproteinase: identification, progelatinase A activation, and expression in brain tumors. (2000)

The localization of proteolytic enzymes at the cell surface is a widely used strategy for facilitating tumor invasion. In this study, we have cloned a new member of the membrane-type subfamily of matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs), a group of enzymes associated with tumor progression. The cloned cDNA encodes a protein of 562 amino acids with a domain organization similar to that of other MT-MMPs, including a prodomain with a cysteine switch, a catalytic domain with the zinc-binding site, a hemopexin-like domain, and a COOH-terminal extension rich in hydrophobic residues. The predicted protein sequence also contains a short insertion of basic residues located between the propeptide and the catalytic domain and involved in the proteolytic activation of MT-MMPs by furin-like enzymes. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of COS-7 cells transfected with the isolated cDNA revealed that the encoded protein is localized at the cell surface. Based on these properties, this novel human matrix metalloproteinase has been called MT6-MMP because it is the sixth identified member of this subfamily of matrix metalloproteinase. Cotransfection of expression plasmids encoding MT6-MMP and progelatinase A resulted in activation of COS-7-secreted progelatinase A, as demonstrated by gelatin zymography. In contrast, transfection of progelatinase A cDNA alone did not lead to the activation of the proenzyme. Northern blot analysis of polyadenylated RNAs isolated from human tissues demonstrated that MT6-MMP is predominantly expressed in leukocytes, lung, and spleen. MT6-MMP was also detected at high levels in SW480 colon carcinoma cells as well as in some anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, but not in normal colon or brain or in meningiomas. On the basis of these results, we propose that MT6-MMP may facilitate tumor progression through its ability to activate progelatinase A at the membrane of cells from colon carcinomas or brain tumors.
Water-soluble, membrane-permeable organic fluorescent nanoparticles with large tunability in emission wavelengths and Stokes shifts (2013)

Entrapment within surface-crosslinked micelles (SCMs) enhanced the emission of conventional hydrophobic fluorescent dyes, endowed them with excellent water solubility and membrane permeability, and greatly expanded the Stokes shifts without any covalent structural modification of the dyes.
Results of the third immunology of leprosy/immunology of tuberculosis antimycobacterial monoclonal antibody workshop (1992)

An international workshop was sponsored by the World Health organization to screen new antimycobacterial monoclonal antibodies and to identify antibodies which could be recommended as standard reagents giving consistent results under differing assay conditions. Fifty-eight antibodies were submitted to the workshop by eight independent laboratories. Nineteen of the antibodies recognized antigens distinct from those identified in earlier workshops, defining at least 10 new protein antigens. Monoclonal antibodies characterized in the workshop provide a set of convenient reagents for further characterization of mycobacterial antigens.
Micromechanics and Advanced Designs for Curved Photodetector Arrays in Hemispherical Electronic‐Eye Cameras (2010)

The fabrication of a hemispherical electronic-eye camera with optimized designs based upon micromechanical analysis is reported. The photodetector arrays combine layouts with multidevice tiles and extended, non-coplanar interconnects to improve the fill factor and deformability, respectively. Quantitative comparison to micromechanics analysis reveals the key features of these designs. Color images collected with working cameras demonstrate the utility of these approaches.
Prevention of T Cell Anergy by Signaling Through the γ c Chain of the IL-2 Receptor (1994)

When stimulated through their antigen receptor without requisite costimulation, T cells enter a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness termed anergy. In this study, signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7 receptors in the presence of antigen was found to be sufficient to prevent the induction of anergy. After culture with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7, Jak3 kinase was tyrosine-phosphorylated, which correlated with the prevention of anergy. Therefore, a signal through the common gamma chain may regulate the decision of T cells to either clonally expand or enter a state of anergy.
The Fasting-induced Adipose Factor/Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Is Physically Associated with Lipoproteins and Governs Plasma Lipid Levels and Adiposity (2005)

Proteins secreted from adipose tissue are increasingly recognized to play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, much less is known about their effect on lipid metabolism. The fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF/angiopoietin-like protein 4/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma angiopoietin-related protein) was previously identified as a target of hypolipidemic fibrate drugs and insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones. Using transgenic mice that mildly overexpress FIAF in peripheral tissues we show that FIAF is an extremely powerful regulator of lipid metabolism and adiposity. FIAF overexpression caused a 50% reduction in adipose tissue weight, partly by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and uncoupling in fat. In addition, FIAF overexpression increased plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Functional tests indicated that FIAF overexpression severely impaired plasma triglyceride clearance but had no effect on very low density lipoprotein production. The effects of FIAF overexpression were amplified by a high fat diet, resulting in markedly elevated plasma and liver triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, and plasma glycerol levels, and impaired glucose tolerance in FIAF transgenic mice fed a high fat diet. Remarkably, in mice the full-length form of FIAF was physically associated with HDL, whereas truncated FIAF was associated with low density lipoprotein. In human both full-length and truncated FIAF were associated with HDL. The composite data suggest that via physical association with plasma lipoproteins, FIAF acts as a powerful signal from fat and other tissues to prevent fat storage and stimulate fat mobilization. Our data indicate that disturbances in FIAF signaling might be involved in dyslipidemia.
Transgenic and gene knock-out mouse models of sickle cell anemia and the thalassemias (1997)

Sickle cell anemia and the thalassemias are globally the most common class of inherited disorders. Current treatment options are limited (transfusion, iron chelation) and are not suited to large-scale use in developing countries where the population of affected individuals is expected to undergo a tremendous increase in the near future. As such, the development of more practical and more permanent therapies is urgently needed. Recently, transgenic and gene knock-out technologies have been used to create mouse models for sickle cell anemia and all of the clinically relevant thalassemias (hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis, hemoglobin H disease, beta-thalassemia intermedia, beta-thalassemia major/Cooley's anemia). These newly developed murine models should play an important role in the development of improved approaches for treating these commonly occurring genetic diseases.
The mitotic kinesin KIF11 is a driver of invasion, proliferation, and self-renewal in glioblastoma (2015)

The proliferative and invasive nature of malignant cancers drives lethality. In glioblastoma, these two processes are presumed mutually exclusive and hence termed "go or grow." We identified a molecular target that shuttles between these disparate cellular processes-the molecular motor KIF11. Inhibition of KIF11 with a highly specific small-molecule inhibitor stopped the growth of the more treatment-resistant glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells (TICs, or cancer stem cells) as well as non-TICs and impeded tumor initiation and self-renewal of the TIC population. Targeting KIF11 also hit the other arm of the "go or grow" cell fate decision by reducing glioma cell invasion. Administration of a KIF11 inhibitor to mice bearing orthotopic glioblastoma prolonged their survival. In its role as a shared molecular regulator of cell growth and motility across intratumoral heterogeneity, KIF11 is a compelling therapeutic target for glioblastoma.
Voice response systems (1983)

article Free Access Share on Voice response systems Authors: D L. Lee Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaView Profile , F H. Lochovsky Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 15Issue 4December 1983 pp 351–374https://doi.org/10.1145/289.292Published:02 December 1983Publication History 8citation620DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads620Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Neuromodulation of detrusor hyper‐reflexia by functional magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots (1996)

Functional magnetic stimulation applied over the sacrum can profoundly suppress detrusor hyper-reflexia in man. It may provide a non-invasive method of assessing patients for implantable electrical neuromodulation devices and as a therapeutic option in its own right.
Fabricating Large Arrays of Microwells with Arbitrary Dimensions and Filling Them Using Discontinuous Dewetting (1998)

This paper describes the fabrication of large (up to 45 cm(2)) arrays of microwells, with volumes as small as ∼3 fL/well and densities as high as 10(7) wells/cm(2). These arrays of microwells are formed by casting an elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), against "masters" prepared by photolithography; arrays of microwells in other polymers can be formed by using a master consisting of posts in PDMS. A straightforward technique, discontinuous dewetting, allows wells to be filled rapidly (typically on the order of 10(4) wells/s) and uniformly with a wide range of liquids. Several rudimentary strategies for addressing microwells are investigated, including electroosmotic pumping and gaseous diffusion.
Wrangler: Interactive Visual Specificationof Data Transformation Scripts (2011)

Though data analysis tools continue to improve, analysts
still expend an inordinate amount of time and effort manipulating
data and assessing data quality issues. Such “data
wrangling” regularly involves reformatting data values or
layout, correcting erroneous or missing values, and integrating
multiple data sources. These transforms are often difficult
to specify and difficult to reuse across analysis tasks,
teams, and tools. In response, we introduce Wrangler, an
interactive system for creating data transformations. Wrangler
combines direct manipulation of visualized data with
automatic inference of relevant transforms, enabling analysts
to iteratively explore the space of applicable operations
and preview their effects. Wrangler leverages semantic data
types (e.g., geographic locations, dates, classification codes)
to aid validation and type conversion. Interactive histories
support review, refinement, and annotation of transformation
scripts. User study results show that Wrangler significantly
reduces specification time and promotes the use of robust,
auditable transforms instead of manual editing.
High gain lateral bipolar transistor (2003)

The authors describe a submicron BiMOS process in which the lateral BJTs (bipolar junction transistors) are so similar to the MOSFETs that no extra process steps are needed. A lateral npn BJT with beta higher than 1000 has been demonstrated. A lateral pnp BJT with high cutoff frequency has been demonstrated, provided the parasitic capacitances are minimized. It is believed that this lateral BJT can be utilized in many applications because it is inherently available in any submicron CMOS process that has been properly designed. Similarly, in a submicron n-well BiCMOS process with vertical npn BJT, a lateral pnp BJT (with high beta ) can be made available without any additional processing if the p-MOSFET is properly designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
FcγRII on Human B Cells Can Mediate Enhanced Antigen Presentation (1996)

The ability of Fc gamma R on monocytes and macrophages to enhance presentation of Ab-bound Ag has been well established. In contrast, studies suggest that Fc gamma RII on B cells functions primarily to suppress B cell responses. We found that presentation of tetanus toxoid (TT) by human EBV-transformed B cells was enhanced by 100- to 1000-fold, when TT was targeted to Fc gamma RII on B cells by using a conjugate consisting of TT covalently linked to anti-human Fc gamma RII mAb 41H16. This enhanced presentation could be blocked by mAb 41H16, heat-aggregated human IgG, or anti-MHC Class II mAb. Similarly, multimeric immune complexes composed to TT and anti-TT mAb, SA13, and 9F12 also enhanced presentation of TT. Furthermore, Fc gamma RII on purified human peripheral blood B cells could also enhance Ag presentation. These studies provide the first clear evidence that Fc gamma RII can participate in enhanced Ag presentation by human B cells and suggest that Fc gamma RII has the potential to play a stimulatory role in human B cell responses to Ag-Ab complexes.
Viruses causing childhood diarrhoea in the developing world (2009)

The review highlights the importance of viral agents of gastroenteritis in developing countries. Wider use of molecular techniques is resulting in rapid identification of new or emerging strains and in the detection of extra-intestinal spread. There is a need to better understand susceptibility and immune response to these agents to be able to design suitable interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CARBOXONIUM HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS. VII. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 2‐BENZYL‐SUBSTITUTED 1,3‐DIOXOLANIUM SALTS (1980)

Abstract Die aus Pinakol (I) und Arylacetylchloriden bei Zusatz von AgClO 4 oder BF 3 ‐Diethylether (Molverhältnis 1:1:2) entstehenden Titelverbindungen (II) lassen sich mit aromatischen Aldehyden (oder deren D.iethylacetalen) glatt zu den Diarylvinyldioxolanium‐Salzen (III) umsetzen; analog erhält man aus (IIa) mit Acetaldehyddiethylacetal (IV).
Neural Stem Cells and the Origin of Gliomas (2005)

Little progress has been made in the treatment of gliomas during the past 25 years. One reason is our poor understanding of the cell of origin in these tumors and of the mechanisms that bring that cell into a malignant state. This review argues that gliomas arise from neural stem cells and discusses the clinical implications of this concept.
Communication of intent in assistive free flyers (2014)

Assistive free-flyers (AFFs) are an emerging robotic platform with unparalleled flight capabilities that appear uniquely suited to exploration, surveillance, inspection, and telepresence tasks. However, unconstrained aerial movements may make it difficult for colocated operators, collaborators, and observers to understand AFF intentions, potentially leading to difficulties understanding whether operator instructions are being executed properly or to safety concerns if future AFF motions are unknown or difficult to predict. To increase AFF usability when working in close proximity to users, we explore the design of natural and intuitive flight motions that may improve AFF abilities to communicate intent while simultaneously accomplishing task goals. We propose a formalism for representing AFF flight paths as a series of motion primitives and present two studies examining the effects of modifying the trajectories and velocities of these flight primitives based on natural motion principles. Our first study found that modified flight motions might allow AFFs to more effectively communicate intent and, in our second study, participants preferred interacting with an AFF that used a manipulated flight path, rated modified flight motions as more natural, and felt safer around an AFF with modified motion. Our proposed formalism and findings highlight the importance of robot motion in achieving effective human-robot interactions.