gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated voice/data system for mobile indoor radio networks (1990)

A centralized, integrated voice/data radio network for fading multipath indoor radio channels is proposed and analyzed. The packets of voice and data are integrated through a movable boundary method. The uplink channel access uses a framed-polling protocol whereas the downlink uses a time-division multiple-access (TDMA) scheme. This system dynamically switches between two transmission rates and uses multiple antennas to maximize the throughput in the fading multipath indoor environment. Throughput and delay characteristics of the system are analyzed using four different techniques. The results are compared with those of Monte Carlo computer simulations. A simple relationship between the number of voice terminals and the throughput of the data traffic are derived for an upper bound of 10-ms delay for the data packets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wnt-3a regulates somite and tailbud formation in the mouse embryo. (1994)

Amphibian studies have implicated Wnt signaling in the regulation of mesoderm formation, although direct evidence is lacking. We have characterized the expression of 12 mammalian Wnt-genes, identifying three that are expressed during gastrulation. Only one of these, Wnt-3a, is expressed extensively in cells fated to give rise to embryonic mesoderm, at egg cylinder stages. A likely null allele of Wnt-3a was generated by gene targeting. All Wnt-3a-/Wnt-3a- embryos lack caudal somites, have a disrupted notochord, and fail to form a tailbud. Thus, Wnt-3a may regulate dorsal (somitic) mesoderm fate and is required, by late primitive steak stages, for generation of all new embryonic mesoderm. Wnt-3a is also expressed in the dorsal CNS. Mutant embryos show CNS dysmorphology and ectopic expression of a dorsal CNS marker. We suggest that dysmorphology is secondary to the mesodermal and axial defects and that dorsal patterning of the CNS may be regulated by inductive signals arising from surface ectoderm.
Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Stellate Cell Activation (1999)

Pathological fibrogenesis in the liver is mediated by activated stellate cells. These cells have a myofibroblastic phenotype with the ability to proliferate and synthesize large quantities of extracellular matrix coniponents. A number of factors have been proposed to initiate and perpetuate the fibrogenic process in stellate cells, including inflammatory cytokines, alterations in the extracellular matrix, growth factors, and oxidative stress. Some recent research has focused on the intracellular signaling pathways that are stimulated by these factors in stellate cells. including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and protein kinase C. This paper will summarize the experimental evidence that implicates these pathways in stellate cell activation, focusing on the effects of exposure to platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and fibronectin. Implications for alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis and future directions for research will also be discussed.
Phosphotriesterase: An Enzyme in Search of Its Natural Substrate (2000)

The bacterial PTE is able to catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphate nerve agents. The active site has been shown to consist of a unique binuclear metal center that has evolved to deliver hydroxide to the site of bond cleavage. The reaction rate for the hydrolysis of activated substrates such as paraoxon is limited by product release or an associated protein conformational change.
Mitomycin C and the endoscopic treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis: Are two applications better than one? (2009)

This prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial suggests that, in the endoscopic management of laryngotracheal stenosis, two applications of MMC given 3-4 weeks apart after airway radial incision and dilation reduces the restenosis rate for 2 to 3 years after treatment when compared to a single application. However, restenosis and delayed symptom recurrence continues so that at 5 years the relapse rates are the same. Thus, MMC may postpone, but does not prevent, the recurrence of symptomatic stenosis in the majority of patients.
Atopic Dermatitis in Children in the United States, 1997–2004: Visit Trends, Patient and Provider Characteristics, and Prescribing Patterns (2007)

Visits for atopic dermatitis in children are increasing. A recommended first-line treatment was prescribed in a minority of the visits.
Spin-polarized electronic current in resonant tunneling heterostructures (2000)

The spin-dependent tunneling phenomenon in symmetric and asymmetric resonant semiconductor heterostructures is employed in a theoretical study to investigate the output tunnel current polarization at zero magnetic field. A simple model of the resonant tunneling structures and a simple one-electron band approximation with spin-orbit interaction are used in this work. It is shown that asymmetry in the electron distribution at the electrode regions provides spin-polarized tunnel current. An approach to optimize this spin-dependent effect is explored theoretically. In asymmetric resonant tunneling structures, we estimate theoretically that the polarization can reach 40% with a moderate applied electric field.
Differentiability of a 4-point Ternary Subdivision Scheme and its Applications. (2006)

Hassan et al. proposed a 4-point ternary interpolatory scheme with smaller sizes of the templates for the local averaging rules and with higher order smoothness property compared to most of the existing binary ones. It can be C 2 -continuous when the subdivision parameter is chosen in a certain range. In this paper, we further investigate its difierentiable properties to extend its application in the generating of smooth curves and surfaces with difierent continuity. Some important results about this scheme such as
Short Communication: An Electronic Probe Versus Milk Progesterone as Aids for Reproductive Management of Small Dairy Herds (1999)

A simple probe especially designed to take electrical resistance measurements at different positions in the anterior vagina of a cow was compared with milk progesterone determinations on 108 cows. Milk samples were taken 3 x weekly, 21 to 60 d postpartum, at the time of insemination, and 21 to 23 d later. Electrical resistance measurements were made on a similar schedule. In 10 other herds, 187 cows had only milk samples taken. No cows with high milk progesterone values became pregnant when inseminated, but the electrical resistance values were less accurate in designating which cows were suitable or unsuitable for insemination. Both low milk progesterone and low electrical resistance values 21 to 23 d after insemination provided an early and accurate indication of a need for reinsemination. These indicators were consistent with 94 to 100% of these cows being diagnosed as not pregnant 6 to 8 wk later. Daily probing, starting about 19 d after a previous insemination, could serve as an early check of pregnancy and assist in identifying cows for immediate reinsemination.
Protein Kinase Cε Actin-binding Site Is Important for Neurite Outgrowth during Neuronal Differentiation (2002)

We have previously shown that protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) induces neurite outgrowth via its regulatory domain and independently of its kinase activity. This study aimed at identifying mechanisms regulating PKCepsilon-mediated neurite induction. We show an increased association of PKCepsilon to the cytoskeleton during neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, neurite induction by overexpression of full-length PKCepsilon is suppressed if serum is removed from the cultures or if an actin-binding site is deleted from the protein. A peptide corresponding to the PKCepsilon actin-binding site suppresses neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation and outgrowth elicited by PKCepsilon overexpression. Neither serum removal, deletion of the actin-binding site, nor introduction of the peptide affects neurite induction by the isolated regulatory domain. Membrane targeting by myristoylation renders full-length PKCepsilon independent of both serum and the actin-binding site, and PKCepsilon colocalized with F-actin at the cortical cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrate that the actin-binding site is of importance for signals acting on PKCepsilon in a pathway leading to neurite outgrowth. Localization of PKCepsilon to the plasma membrane and/or the cortical cytoskeleton is conceivably important for its effect on neurite outgrowth.
Performances of Openhole Completed and Cased Horizontal/Undulating Wells in Thin-Bedded, Tight Sand Gas Reservoirs (2000)

Abstract With the recent advancements in drilling technology, drilling undulating wells, which specifically target various zones in a reservoir, has become a rather routine application. In accordance, drilling engineers are able to steer the well to coincide with pre-established sinusoidal trajectories. This advancement in drilling practices calls for the enhancement of our understanding of the production characteristics of undulating wells. This paper provides an in-depth comparative analysis of production performances of open-hole completed and cased horizontal/sinusoidal wells. Horizontal wells offer great advantages in thin-layered, tight sand gas reservoirs as they increase the productivity through a larger contact area with formations. In this study, a comprehensive performance comparison of open-hole vs. perforated horizontal wells in thin, tight sand gas reservoirs is presented. This is accomplished using a 3-D, single-phase flow model, which is capable of accommodating vertical, horizontal, undulating, perforated, and fractured wells. Effects of drilling damage and crushed zones are considered in the simulations. The parametric study presented in this paper includes various phase angles, shot densities, perforation lengths, and number of fractures. Additionally, the study considers effects of uneven perforation lengths on the topology of the flow fields generated around the perforations. The flow performance comparison is further extended to undulating wells in thin-layered, tight sand gas reservoirs with shale streaks. In the presence of shale streaks, it is observed that undulating wells, which penetrate individual isolated layers, perform more effectively than horizontal wells.
Correlation between the effects of aspirin and dipyridamole on platelet function and prevention of intimal hyperplasia in autologous vein grafts. (1988)

Fifty-four adult mongrel dogs receiving a lipid-supplemented diet were used to determine the effects of aspirin and dipyridamole on vein graft intimal hyperplasia. Twenty-one animals received the diet alone, 17 animals received a combination of dipyridamole and aspirin, while a further 16 animals received dipyridamole. Segments of undistended external jugular vein were anastomosed to bilaterally-divided femoral arteries. The vein grafts were harvested at six weeks and intimal thickness was measured with a Zeiss computerized microscope. Serum cholesterol, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and clotting time was measured before the diet and at two, four and six weeks after operation. Plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and the metabolite of prostacyclin I2 (6-keto PGF1 alpha) were determined by radioimmunoassay before and four weeks following operation. A similar and significant increase in serum cholesterol was observed in all animals receiving lipid supplementation. Platelet counts were significantly decreased in those animals receiving a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole while all other hematological parameters remained unchanged. Plasma TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were unaffected by dipyridamole but were significantly decreased in those animals receiving the combined drug regimen. Intimal thickness measured 59 +/- 6 micron at six weeks in the controls. Dipyridamole reduced intimal thickness to 26 +/- 2 micron while aspirin and dipyridamole decreased intimal thickness to 28 +/- 2 micron. The data indicate that dipyridamole was as effective in reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation as the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole. Furthermore, the data suggest that antiplatelet drug regimens may reduce intimal thickening in autologous vein grafts by a mechanism other than affecting the thromboxane:prostacyclin ratio.
The Effect of Non-inflamed Synovial Fluid on Neutrophil Function in Vitro (1985)

In neutrophils preincubated with non-inflamed synovial fluid, opsonized zymosan-induced O2- production was increased by 232.7 +/- 19.1% and degranulation induced by zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate was increased by 152.8 +/- 21.8% and 217.4 +/- 26.3 respectively. Unstimulated neutrophils were not directly activated by the fluid, nor did it affect their chemotactic response. The activity was not abolished by heat (56 degrees C, 30 min, or 100 degrees C, 3 min) or by treatment with trypsin or hyaluronidase. The activity was not present in the serum albumin-bound lipid extract of the synovial fluid. Thus, this activity may represent a heat- and trypsin-resistant factor which is neither a complement component nor hyaluronic acid. It is proposed that this synovial fluid factor plays a role in increasing the neutrophil killing potential during the inflammatory process.
NetMHCpan-3.0; improved prediction of binding to MHC class I molecules integrating information from multiple receptor and peptide length datasets (2016)

We have developed a neural network-based machine-learning algorithm leveraging information across multiple receptor specificities and ligand length scales, and demonstrated how this approach significantly improves the accuracy for prediction of peptide binding and identification of MHC ligands. The method is available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCpan-3.0 .
A laser plantar pressure sensor for the diabetic foot (2000)

This paper describes the design and development of a high-resolution pressure sensor for use in the field of foot pressure measurement. The device uses an interferometry technique that involves the use of a laser light directed onto a pressure sensitive plate. The pressure plate compresses when a load is applied, and it is this compression which is measured by the interferometry technique. The interference pattern (interferogram) produced represents the pressure distribution across the plate. The interferogram is inputted into the computer using a high pixel CCD camera and video capture card. A fringe analysis program then converts the interferogram into a three-dimensional image of the pressure distribution. A prototype system is described and the initial results show that the system can produce a high resolution image with dynamic capabilities.
SESAME V2 public key and authorisation extensions to Kerberos (2002)

There are increasing requirements for the availability of practical solutions to the problem of providing secure single sign-on for users to applications anywhere on a network, but with affordable security management. Kerberos has been proven to be an effective solution to this problem for a local network, or within closely linked groups of users, but Kerberos is constrained by its current limitations of supporting purely symmetric key distribution, and an identity-based authorisation model. This paper describes how the SESAME (Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-vendor Environment) project has integrated asymmetric key distribution, and authorisation support to extend Kerberos to provide significant scalability and manageability improvements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Melanoma Stem Cells: The Dark Seed of Melanoma (2008)

Cells with stem-cell markers and features have recently been identified in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Melanoma stem-like cells possess many traits of tumor-initiating or tumor stem cells including self-renewal capacity, high tumorigenicity, and differentiation into various mesenchymal lineages, including melanocytic cells. Four subpopulations of melanoma-initiating cells have been distinguished: CD20(+), CD133(+), label-retaining or slow-cycling cells, and side-population cells with high efflux activities. Whether these are distinct or overlapping populations is currently under investigation. Ongoing studies are dissecting and characterizing the hierarchy of these subpopulations within a malignant lesion. Understanding these and the dynamics of clonal dominance will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Identification of Intermediates and Enzymes Involved in the Early Steps of Artemisinin Biosynthesis inArtemisia annua (2005)

An important group of antimalarial drugs consists of the endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin and its derivatives. Only little is known about the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L., particularly about the early enzymatic steps between amorpha-4,11-diene and dihydroartemisinic acid. Analyses of the terpenoids from A. annua leaves and gland secretory cells revealed the presence of the oxygenated amorpha-4,11-diene derivatives artemisinic alcohol, dihydroartemisinic alcohol, artemisinic aldehyde, dihydroartemisinic aldehyde and dihydroartemisinic acid. We also demonstrated the presence of a number of biosynthetic enzymes such as the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase and the--so far unknown--amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylase as well as artemisinic alcohol and dihydroartemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in both leaves and glandular trichomes. From these results, we hypothesise that the early steps in artemisinin biosynthesis involve amorpha-4,11-diene hydroxylation to artemisinic alcohol, followed by oxidation to artemisinic aldehyde, reduction of the C11-C13 double bond to dihydroartemisinic aldehyde and oxidation to dihydroartemisinic acid.
Gain Control in Semiconductor Quantum Dots via State-Resolved Optical Pumping (2009)

Excitonic state-resolved optical pumping experiments were performed on strongly confined semiconductor quantum dots. We demonstrate for the first time that optical gain is dependent upon the initial excitonic state. By prescribing the specific multiexcitonic states which can create, block, and ultimately control optical gain spectra, we recover the theoretically predicted size independence, even in systems which previously showed zero gain. In addition, we show for the first time that stimulated emission in quantum dots can be controlled via specific multiexcitonic interactions.
Effects of stilbene components of the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. on lipid metabolism. (1982)

The effects of the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum SIEB. et ZUCC. ("Kojo-kon" or "Itadori-kon" in Japanese) and its stilbene components (resveratrol and piceid) on lipid metabolism in rats and mice (higher animals) were investigated. Resveratrol and piceid inhibited the deposition of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver of rats fed corn oil-cholesterol-cholic acid mixture. Piceid reduced the serum triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-ch) levels, and atherogenic index [total cholesterolhigh density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-ch)/HDL-ch] in the oil mixture-fed rats. It was found that intraperitoneal or oral administration of resveratrol or piceid reduced triglyceride synthesis from 14C-palmitate in the liver of mice. In contrast, these stilbene components did not affect hormone-induced lipolysis in fat cells from rat eqididymal adipose tissue.
Electric-field tuning s-d exchange interaction in quantum dots (2008)

We investigate theoretically the electron-hole pair states in CdTe quantum dot (QD) containing a single Mn2+ ion by the magneto-optical spectrum tuned by the electric field. It is shown that the electric field does not only tune the spin splitting via the sp-d exchange interaction but also affect significantly the anticrossing behavior in the photoluminescence spectrum. This anticrossing is caused by the s-d exchange interaction and/or the hole mixing effect, which depends sensitively on the shape of the QD.
About Mechanism of Wideband Microwave Radiation at Explosion of Condensed High Explosives (2006)

ConclusionWithin the framework of offered model a number of observable effects find its natural explanation, in particular, the absence of high-frequency radiation at explosions of lead azide charges2. The fact is, that the detonation products can represent themselves an active media only if the composition of detonation products is rather rich in molecules with exited oscillatory degrees of freedom, and a great life time. In a case of lead azide (PbN6,) there is an obvious contradiction between the low heat of explosive transformation (and, hence, the low temperature TH) and large energy of oscillatory excitation of molecules N2 (≅3340°K). For obtaining of wide-band microwave radiation the most optimum for composition are, apparently, the secondary HE such as C α H β N γ O δ .The well-known fact of radiation intensity increase at explosions of charges in shells can be explained by acceleration of destruction process of a conducting layer behind a shock wave. An essential moment is also the influence of both a shell and a way of charge initiation on the radiation pattern.Thus, the considered mechanism of radiation will take effect after some delay from the moment of HE initiation, and this delay time is proportional to weight of HE to power 1/3. In absence of nonlinear effects the average frequency of radiation should decrease during a pulse. The important parameters, influencing the considered mechanism of radiation are: a type of HE and geometry of charge, existence of a shell, the way of initiation, external pressure.
CD47 signals T cell death. (1999)

Activation-induced death of T cells regulates immune responses and is considered to involve apoptosis induced by ligation of Fas and TNF receptors. The role of other receptors in signaling T cell death is less clear. In this study we demonstrate that activation of specific epitopes on the Ig variable domain of CD47 rapidly induces apoptosis of T cells. A new mAb, Ad22, to this site induces apoptosis of Jurkat cells and CD3epsilon-stimulated PBMC, as determined by morphological changes, phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface, uptake of propidium iodide, and true counts by flow cytometry. In contrast, apoptosis was not observed following culture with anti-CD47 mAbs 2D3 or B6H12 directed to a distant or closely adjacent region, respectively. CD47-mediated cell death was independent of CD3, CD4, CD45, or p56lck involvement as demonstrated by studies with variant Jurkat cell lines deficient in these signaling pathways. However, coligation of CD3epsilon and CD47 enhanced phosphatidylserine externalization on Jurkat cells with functional CD3. Furthermore, normal T cells required preactivation to respond with CD47-induced apoptosis. CD47-mediated cell death appeared to proceed independent of Fas or TNF receptor signaling and did not involve characteristic DNA fragmentation or requirement for IL-1beta-converting enzyme-like proteases or CPP32. Taken together, our data demonstrate that under appropriate conditions, CD47 activation results in very rapid T cell death, apparently mediated by a novel apoptotic pathway. Thus, CD47 may be critically involved in controlling the fate of activated T cells.