gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive IL-18 Expression Is Up-Regulated in Crohn’s Disease (1999)

An imbalance of immunoregulatory factors is believed to contribute to uncontrolled mucosal Th1 cell activation in Crohn's disease (CD). IL-18, a macrophage-like cell-derived cytokine, is involved in Th1 clone development, and IFN-gamma production. Therefore, IL-18 expression was investigated in CD. Whole mucosal intestinal tissue and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) of 12 CD and 9 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 15 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls were tested for IL-18 by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Transcripts for IL-18 were found in all samples tested. However, increased IL-18 mRNA accumulation was detected in both mucosal and LPMC samples from CD in comparison to UC and controls. In CD, transcripts for IL-18 were more abundant in the mucosal samples taken from involved areas. An 18-kDa band consistent with mature IL-18 was predominantly found in CD mucosal samples. In mucosal samples from non-IBD controls, IL-18 was present as a 24-kDa polypeptide. Consistently, active IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) subunit (p20) was expressed in samples from either CD or UC, whereas, in colonic mucosa from non-IBD controls, ICE was synthesized as precursor (p45) only. To confirm that IL-18 produced in CD tissue was functionally active, CD LPMC were treated with a specific IL-18 antisense oligonucleotide. In these cultures, IL-18 down-regulation was accompanied by a decrease in IFN-gamma expression. In aggregate, our data indicate that IL-18 up-regulation is a feature of CD and suggest that IL-18 may contribute to the local immunoinflammatory response in CD.
Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Neuraminidase Inhibitor Oseltamivir in Treating Acute Influenza (2000)

Our data suggest that oral oseltamivir treatment reduces the duration and severity of acute influenza in healthy adults and may decrease the incidence of secondary complications.
Direct interaction of Frizzled‐1, ‐2, ‐4, and ‐7 with PDZ domains of PSD‐95 (2002)

In Drosophila, the frizzled gene plays a critical role in the establishment of tissue polarity, but the function of the Frizzled family of proteins in mammals is largely unknown. Recent evidence suggested that Frizzleds are receptors for the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins which are involved in cell fate determination. However, it is unclear how Frizzled receptors transduce Wnt signals to intracellular signaling components. Here we show that the mouse Frizzled-1, -2, -4 and -7 can bind to proteins of the PSD-95 family, which are implicated in the assembly and localization of multiprotein signaling complexes in the brain. Moreover, PSD-95 can form a ternary complex with Frizzled-2 and the adenomatous polyposis coli protein, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, suggesting that members of the PSD-95 family may serve to recruit intracellular signaling molecules of the Wnt/Frizzled pathway into the vicinity of the receptor.
Study of interface asymmetry in InAs–GaSb heterojunctions (1995)

We present reflection high energy electron diffraction, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the abruptness of InAs–GaSb interfaces. We find that the interface abruptness depends on growth order: InAs grown on GaSb is extended, while GaSb grown on InAs is more abrupt. We first present observations of the interfacial asymmetry, including measurements of band alignments as a function of growth order. We then examine more detailed studies of the InAs–GaSb interface to determine the mechanisms causing the extended interface. Our results show that Sb incorporation into the InAs overlayer and As exchange for Sb in the GaSb underlayer are the most likely causes of the interfacial asymmetry.
VCSEL/CMOS smart pixel arrays for free-space optical interconnects (2002)

This paper describes a VCSEL-Si smart pixel array technology, developed at the University of Colorado, and reports on an optoelectronic processor that is based on these hybrid SPAs. This effort is unique in the processing complexity of the pixels, in the bidirectionary of the optical interconnects, and in the thermosonic bonding of the VCSEL and silicon chips.
The 27-kD diphtheria toxin receptor-associated protein (DRAP27) from vero cells is the monkey homologue of human CD9 antigen: expression of DRAP27 elevates the number of diphtheria toxin receptors on toxin-sensitive cells. (1992)

Diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor associates with a 27-kD membrane protein (DRAP27) in monkey Vero cells. A cDNA encoding DRAP27 was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that DRAP27 is the monkey homologue of human CD9 antigen. DRAP27 is recognized by CD9 antibodies. A human-mouse hybrid cell line (3279-10) possessing human chromosome 5, sensitive to DT, but not expressing CD9 antigen, was used for transfection experiments with DRAP27. When the cloned cDNA encoding DRAP27 was transiently expressed in 3279-10 cells, the total DT binding capacity was three to four times higher than that of untransfected controls. Transfectants stably expressing DRAP27 have an increased number of DT binding sites on the cell surface. Furthermore, the transfectants are 3-25 times more sensitive to DT than untransfected cells, and the sensitivity of these cells to DT is correlated with the number of DRAP27 molecules on the surface. However, when the cloned cDNA was introduced into mouse cell lines that do not express DT receptors, neither an increased DT binding nor enhancement of DT sensitivity was observed. Hence, we conclude that DRAP27 itself does not bind DT, but serves to increase DT binding and consequently enhances DT sensitivity of cells that have DT receptors. 12 proteins related to DRAP27/CD9 antigen were found through homology search analysis. These proteins appear to belong to a new family of transmembrane proteins.
TapLogger (2012)

Today's smartphones are shipped with various embedded motion sensors, such as the accelerometer, gyroscope, and orientation sensors. These motion sensors are useful in supporting the mobile UI innovation and motion-based commands. However, they also bring potential risks of leaking user's private information as they allow third party applications to monitor the motion changes of smartphones.
The consensus sequence YGTGTTYY located downstream from the AATAAA signal is required for efficient formation of mRNA 3′ termini (1985)

Our previous DNA sequence comparisons of 3' terminal portions from equivalent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 genes identified a conserved sequence (consensus YGTGTTYY; Y = pyrimidine) located approximately 30bp downstream from the AATAAA signal. We report here that this signal is located downstream from 67% of the mammalian mRNA 3' termini examined. Using constructions with the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene linked to an HSV 'terminator' fragment, we show that deletions in the 'terminator' reduce CAT activities and the levels of CAT mRNA 3' termini. Specifically: (1) deletions of downstream sequences which extend up to the consensus YGTGTTYY signal reduce CAT levels to values 35% of those obtained with undeleted plasmids, (2) a deletion of a further 14bp, which removes the YGTGTTYY consensus but not the poly A site, reduces CAT activities to 1%-4%. The levels of CAT mRNA 3' termini reflect the reductions in CAT activities however, levels of mRNA 5' termini are unaffected by these deletions. The RNA produced in the absence of the YGTGTTYY signal is present in the cytoplasm although no CAT activity is detectable.
Monolithic Materials: New High-Performance Supports for Permanently Immobilized Metathesis Catalysts (2001)

Back to the roots: Ring-opening metathesis polymerization allows the synthesis of monolithic materials, which may be subject to an in situ derivatization with dihydroimidazolium salts through metathesis graft polymerization. This method offers an attractive route to highly reactive, permanently immobilized metathesis initiators. The picture shows an electron microscope image of the microstructure of the monolithic support.
Sputtered FeCoN soft magnetic thin films with high resistivity (2003)

Fe/sub 70/Co/sub 30/N thin films with thickness from 20 to 1100 /spl Aring/ were prepared by radio- frequency reactive sputtering in an N/sub 2/--Ar mixture. The FeCoN films prepared in a low nitrogen flow rate percentage (<6%) and sputtering pressure (<8 mTorr) have a high B/sub s/ of about 24.0 kG, but a moderate hard-axis coercivity H/sub ch/ of 5-30 Oe. With further increase in N/sub 2/ percentage or sputtering pressure, films become significantly softer, with H/sub ch/ of about 0.1-0.6 Oe, and have a higher resistivity of up to about 160 /spl mu//spl Omega//spl middot/cm. The change in the magnetic properties with nitrogen flow rate percentage and sputtering pressure can be attributed to the formation of an ultrafine grain size nanocrystalline FeCoN thin film as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The soft properties of FeCoN films with nano-sized crystallites remain stable even after being annealed at 270/spl deg/C.
Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum of asymptomatic blood donors and patients with type C chronic liver disease (1993)

We describe a method for quantifying hepatitis C virus RNA in serum. This competitive assay combines reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction and is based on coamplification of the target RNA with known amounts of synthetic mutated RNA. We tested serum samples from 104 hepatitis C virus carriers (9 asymptomatic blood donors and 95 patients with type C chronic liver disease) to determine the relationship between the replicative level of hepatitis C virus and various stages of the carrier states. The amount of circulating hepatitis C virus RNA ranged from 10(4) to 10(9.5) genomes/ml serum. The titer of hepatitis C virus RNA (logarithmic transformed copy numbers of RNA per milliliter of serum) was lower in asymptomatic blood donors (5.4 +/- 2.0) and in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (7.3 +/- 1.1) than in patients with chronic active hepatitis (7.9 +/- 0.8), cirrhosis (7.8 +/- 0.7) or hepatocellular carcinoma (7.9 +/- 0.7). The titer of hepatitis C virus RNA was significantly lower in carriers younger than 40 yr old and correlated positively with the logarithmic transformed serum ALT level. Logistic regression showed that age and titer of hepatitis C virus RNA correlated independently with the stages of liver disease. These results showed that the replicative level of hepatitis C virus is higher in advanced liver disease and that elevation of viral replication may play an important role in liver injury and progression of liver disease. This competitive assay is useful in evaluating the state of viral replication in hepatitis C virus infection.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotype and interleukin-2/ interleukin-10 ratio are associated markers of protection and progression in HIV infection (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolability, rate of viral replication, HIV phenotype, type 1 and type 2 cytokine production, and CD4 counts were cross sectionally analyzed in 63 HIV seropositive (HIV+) individuals to establish possible correlations between virologic and immunologic markers of protection and progression. We observed that these markers are tightly correlated. Thus, lack or low prevalence of HIV isolability and the presence of nonsyncitium inducing strains are associated with the strongest type 1 cytokine production, the weakest type 2 cytokine production, and highest CD4 counts. Conversely, the isolation of highly replicating, syncitium-inducing HIV strains is associated with the weakest type 1 cytokine production, the strongest type 2 cytokine production, and lowest CD4 counts. Additionally, it was determined that the interleukin (IL)-10/IL-2 ratio best discriminates among different virologic scenarios. These data suggest that the virologic and immunologic correlates of disease protection and progression might be associated variables that define two different subsets of HIV+ individuals and lend support to a viro-immunologic hypothesis of HIV infection.
Endocannabinoids: The silent partner of glucocorticoids in the synapse (2009)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The Na+-driven Cl−/HCO3−Exchanger (2000)

The Na(+)-driven Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger is an important regulator of intracellular pH in various cells, but its molecular basis has not been determined. We show here the primary structure, tissue distribution, and functional characterization of Na(+)-driven chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (designated NCBE) cloned from the insulin-secreting cell line MIN6 cDNA library. The NCBE protein consists of 1088 amino acids having 74, 72, and 55% amino acid identity to the human skeletal muscle, rat smooth muscle, and human kidney sodium bicarbonate cotransporter, respectively. The protein has 10 putative membrane-spanning regions. NCBE mRNA is expressed at high levels in the brain and the mouse insulinoma cell line MIN6 and at low levels in the pituitary, testis, kidney, and ileum. Functional analyses of the NCBE protein expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells demonstrate that it transports extracellular Na(+) and HCO(3)(-) into cells in exchange for intracellular Cl(-) and H(+), thus raising the intracellular pH. Thus, we conclude that NCBE is a Na(+)-driven Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger that regulates intracellular pH in native cells.
Improving Shape from Focus Using Defocus Information (2006)

Shape from focus (SFF) method determines the degree of focus in a sequence of observations to estimate the shape of a 3-D object. Existing SFF algorithms use an ad hoc interpolation strategy to account for the error due to the finite step-size by which the translational table is moved while capturing the images. We propose an improved SFF method that uses relative defocus blur derived from actual image data to arrive at the final estimates of the shape of the object. A space-variant image restoration scheme is also proposed to obtain a focused image of the 3-D object. The shape estimates as well as the quality of the restored image using the proposed method are superior to that of traditional SFF
Domain structure and domain-domain interactions in human coagulation factor IX. (1993)

Coagulation factor IX has the modular composition Gla-(EGF)2-SP, where Gla, EGF, and SP represent the gamma-carboxy-Glu-rich, epidermal growth factor-like, and serine protease modules, respectively. The protein melts in two distinct temperature regions. The SP module melts at lower temperature between 42 and 55 degrees C, depending on the pH, with irreversible loss of esterolytic activity. The endotherm corresponding to this transition is readily described by a two-state transition indicating the melting of a single cooperative unit. A thrombin-generated 12-kDa fragment representing the COOH-terminal half of the SP module and a 45-kDa fragment containing the NH2-terminal half of the SP module and the rest of the molecule can be separated by exclusion chromatography in 3 M urea and recombined in its absence. Both fragments retain a compact structure as evidenced by melting transitions near 60 degrees C at neutral pH. This indicates that the SP module contains two independently folded domains that strongly interact with each other and seem to merge into one cooperative unit in the intact protein. At low pH at high temperature a second peak appears which is also observed in a 19-kDa fragment containing the EGF modules. Thermodynamic analysis of this second peak showed that the two EGF modules are independently folded and provided evidence for a weak interaction between them. Fluorescence and CD measurements indicated that the secondary structure of the isolated 6-kDa Gla fragment is substantially increased in the presence of Ca2+. The Ca2+-loaded Gla fragment undergoes a sigmoidal unfolding transition as revealed by fluorescence and CD measurements. This same transition in a 25-kDa Gla-(EGF)2 fragment was stabilized by more than 10 degrees C, indicating a strong interaction between the Ca(2+)-loaded Gla and EGF domains. Thus, factor IX consists of five independently folded interacting domains.
Dehydrated Foods, Chemistry of Browning Reactions in Model Systems (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehydrated Foods, Chemistry of Browning Reactions in Model SystemsJ. E. HodgeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1953, 1, 15, 928–943Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60015a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60015a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8725Altmetric-Citations1621LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photolabile protecting groups for an acetylcholine receptor ligand. Synthesis and photochemistry of a new class of o-nitrobenzyl derivatives and their effects on receptor function (1986)

Two compounds have been synthesized that feature a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl moiety attached directly to the carbamate nitrogen of carbamoylcholine. The well-characterized acetylcholine analogue, carbamoylcholine, was released from these derivatives in response to laser light pulses at wavelengths between 300 and 355 nm. Photolysis products were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. The yield of carbamoylcholine molecules per photon absorbed was 0.25. A short-lived photochromic intermediate in the photolysis reaction was detected by laser flash photolysis. A single laser flash induced an instantaneous increase in absorbance at 406 nm, followed by a first-order decay to products, with a half-time of 0.07 ms for one of the compounds [N-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]carbamoylcholine iodide] in aqueous buffers at pH 7 and 23 degrees C. Decay rates and quantum yields depended on the nature of the substituent on the protecting group. Evidence is presented in support of the conclusion that the transient species is an aci-nitro intermediate that decays directly to carbamoylcholine and therefore determines its rate of release. The photosensitive carbamoylcholine derivatives activated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor only after photolysis, as determined by 86Rb+ flux measurements with membrane vesicles prepared from Torpedo californica and Electrophorus electricus. Before photolysis, the compounds interacted weakly with the acetylcholine-binding sites as shown by competitive inhibition of acetylcholine-stimulated flux at high concentrations. The compounds did not induce receptor desensitization at a significant rate. The new compounds afford several major advantages over other photoactivatable acetylcholine analogues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Echistatin disulfide bridges: Selective reduction and linkage assignment (1993)

Echistatin is the smallest member of the disintegrin family of snake venom proteins, containing four disulfides in a peptide chain of 49 residues. Partial assignment of disulfides has been made previously by NMR and chemical approaches. A full assignment was made by a newly developed chemical approach, using partial reduction with tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine at acid pH. Reduction proceeded in a stepwise manner at pH 3, and the intermediates were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Alkylation of free thiols, followed by sequencer analysis, enabled all four bridges to be identified: (1) at 20 degrees C a single bridge linking Cys 2-Cys 11 was broken, giving a relatively stable intermediate; (2) with further treatment at 41 degrees C the bridges Cys 7-Cys 32 and Cys 8-Cys 37 became accessible to the reagent and were reduced at approx. equal rates; (3) the two bicyclic peptides produced in this manner were less stable and could be reduced at 20 degrees C to a peptide that retains a single bridge linking Cys 20-Cys 39; and (4) the monocyclic peptide can be reduced to the linear molecule at 20 degrees C. Some disulfide exchange occurred during alkylation of the bicyclic intermediates, but results unambiguously show the pattern to be [2-11; 7-32; 8-37; 20-39]. A comparison is made with kistrin, a longer disintegrin whose disulfide structure has been proposed from NMR analysis.
Experimental and Modelling Studies of the Bioconversion of Glycerol to Succinic Acid by Actinobacillus Succinogenes (2008)

An unstructured kinetic model for the growth of Actinobacillus succinogenes on glycerol as the only carbon source is proposed in this study. The model describes cell growth considering both substrate and product inhibition. and its parameters are estimated by fitting the model predictions to experimental data. Substrate consumption and product formation rates are described by the Luedeking-Piret model. The main product of the process is succinic acid while by-products like acetate, formate and ethanol have very low concentrations. The main environmental factors that affect the bioprocess were examined and optimum conditions in terms of yield, final succinic acid concentration and productivity were evaluated by a factorial experimental procedure. The examined parameters were the supply of CO2, the pH level and the redox balance. Experiments using different initial glycerol concentrations at the “optimum” environmental conditions were carried out and simulation studies were performed using the proposed model.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Radical Cyclization in the Synthesis of Natural Products: Seychellene. (1986)

Abstract 2,3‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexenon (I) liefert über den Enolether (II) mit Maleinsäureanhydrid das Addukt (IV), das zum Olefin (V) decarboxyliert.