gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women (2010)

The means by which vaginal microbiomes help prevent urogenital diseases in women and maintain health are poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal bacterial communities of 396 asymptomatic North American women who represented four ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) were sampled and the species composition characterized by pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. The communities clustered into five groups: four were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii, whereas the fifth had lower proportions of lactic acid bacteria and higher proportions of strictly anaerobic organisms, indicating that a potential key ecological function, the production of lactic acid, seems to be conserved in all communities. The proportions of each community group varied among the four ethnic groups, and these differences were statistically significant [χ(2)(10) = 36.8, P < 0.0001]. Moreover, the vaginal pH of women in different ethnic groups also differed and was higher in Hispanic (pH 5.0 ± 0.59) and black (pH 4.7 ± 1.04) women as compared with Asian (pH 4.4 ± 0.59) and white (pH 4.2 ± 0.3) women. Phylotypes with correlated relative abundances were found in all communities, and these patterns were associated with either high or low Nugent scores, which are used as a factor for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis.
Trp-p8, a novel prostate-specific gene, is up-regulated in prostate cancer and other malignancies and shares high homology with transient receptor potential calcium channel proteins. (2001)

We have identified and cloned a novel gene, trp-p8, by screening a prostate-specific subtracted cDNA library. The 5694-bp cDNA has a 3312-bp open reading frame, which codes for a 1104 amino acid putative protein with seven transmembrane domains. The predicted protein revealed significant homology with the transient receptor potential (trp) family of Ca(2+) channel proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that trp-p8 expression within normal human tissues is mostly restricted to prostate epithelial cells. In situ hybridization analysis showed that trp-p8 mRNA expression was at moderate levels in normal prostate tissue and appears to be elevated in prostate cancer. Notably, trp-p8 mRNA was also expressed in a number of nonprostatic primary tumors of breast, colon, lung, and skin origin, whereas transcripts encoding trp-p8 were hardly detected or not detected in the corresponding normal human tissues.
Determination of the Functional Elements within the Vacuolar Targeting Signal of Barley Lectin (1993)

James E. Dombrowski, Martin R. Schroeder, Sebastian Y. Bednarek, Natasha V. Raikhel, Determination of the Functional Elements within the Vacuolar Targeting Signal of Barley Lectin, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 5 (May, 1993), pp. 587-596
Clinicopathologic features of small pancreatic adenocarconoma: A collective study (1996)

To detect a small PC, a thorough examination may be required in patients with slightly abnormal findings on laboratory tests or imaging modalities, even if the patient is asymptomatic. PC 2 cm or less and belonging to Stage I may be regarded as an early carcinoma, because of its good prognosis.
Deterministic load-balancing schemes for disk-based video-on-demand storage servers (2002)

A video-on-demand (VOD) storage server is a parallel, storage-centric system used for playing a large number of relatively slow streams of compressed digitized video and audio concurrently. Data is read from disks in relatively large chunks, and is then "streamed" out onto a distribution network. The primary design goal is to maximize the ratio of the number of concurrent streams to system cost while guaranteeing glitch-free operation. This paper focuses on load-balancing for the purpose of providing throughput that is independent of viewing choices. At the interdisk level, data striping is the obvious solution, but may lead to a quadratic growth of RAM buffer requirements with system size. At the intradisk level multizone recording results in variable disk throughput. Deterministic schemes for solving each problem are discussed, as well as their joint operation. Finally, efficient staging of data from tertiary storage devices to disk is shown to be possible.
Comparison of the In Vitro Host Range of Recombinant met-Interferon-con 1 , Interferon-α 2a , and Interferon-β (1995)

The antiviral activity of human r-metIFN-con1 was compared with that of IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-beta on a number of human, other primate, rodent, feline, and canine cell lines. Although the specific activities of r-metIFN-con1 and IFN-alpha 2b differed 10-fold, the host range was very similar. The host range of IFN-beta differed from that of r-metIFN-con1 and IFN-alpha 2b in that Vero cells were 100-fold better protected by IFN-beta and MDBK protected at a 100-fold less efficiency. In general, there were only minor differences between the host ranges of the three interferons, human and primate cells being better protected than those of other species. However, the tissue of origin of the cell appears to be more important than the species of origin in defining host range [corrected].
Synthetic fibronectin peptides suppress arthritis in rats by interrupting leukocyte adhesion and recruitment. (1994)

In an experimental model of arthritis, increased leukocyte adhesion is associated with the evolution of acute and chronic synovial inflammation. Whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from control animals bind minimally to fibronectin matrices, PBMC from animals receiving arthropathic doses of bacterial cell walls demonstrate increased integrin mRNA expression and enhanced adhesion. To determine whether this augmented adhesion was causal in the development of synovial pathology, peptides synthesized from several fibronectin domains which inhibited leukocyte adhesion in vitro were administered to arthritic animals either as free peptides or coupled to a carrier molecule. Not only were peptides containing either the RGD or CS-1 cell-binding domains inhibitory to chronic synovial pathology (articular index = 10.5 +/- 0.3 for untreated animals compared to 1.25 +/- 0.25 for RGD and 2.5 +/- 0.7 for CS-1), but three peptides synthesized from the carboxy-terminal 33-kD heparin-binding domain of fibronectin were also found to significantly inhibit leukocyte recruitment and the evolution of arthritis. Based on these data, which are the first to explore the therapeutic potential of heparin-binding fibronectin peptides in chronic inflammation, it appears that antagonism of cellular adhesion and recruitment by fibronectin peptides may provide an important mechanism for modulating the multi-step adhesion process and attenuating aberrant inflammatory responses.
Automatic Summarization of Events from Social Media (2021)

Social media services such as Twitter generate phenomenal volume of content for most real-world events on a daily basis. Digging through the noise and redundancy to understand the important aspects of the content is a very challenging task. We propose a search and summarization framework to extract relevant representative tweets from a time-ordered sample of tweets to generate a coherent and concise summary of an event. We introduce two topic models that take advantage of temporal correlation in the data to extract relevant tweets for summarization. The summarization framework has been evaluated using Twitter data on four real-world events. Evaluations are performed using Wikipedia articles on the events as well as using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) with human readers (MTurkers). Both experiments show that the proposed models outperform traditional LDA and lead to informative summaries.
Chemical composition of sunflower seed hulls (1971)

Abstract The major components of the sunflower seed hull, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were studied Lipids represent 5.17% of the total hull weights, 2.96% of which is wax composed of long chain fatty acids (C14–C28, mainly C20) and fatty alcohols (C12–C30, mainly C22, C24, C26). Hydrocarbon, sterol and triterpene alcohol fractions were also examined. The rest of the lipid fraction is an oil with a composition relatively similar to that of the kernel oil. The protein fraction (4% of the total hull weight) is similar to the protein fraction of the oil cake, although it contains hydroxyproline. The carbohydrate fraction is composed mainly of cellulose, but also of reducing sugars (25.7%), mainly pentoses.
Anti-NKG2A mAb Is a Checkpoint Inhibitor that Promotes Anti-tumor Immunity by Unleashing Both T and NK Cells (2018)

Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only a minority of patients respond to these immunotherapies. Here, we report that blocking the inhibitory NKG2A receptor enhances tumor immunity by promoting both natural killer (NK) and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell effector functions in mice and humans. Monalizumab, a humanized anti-NKG2A antibody, enhanced NK cell activity against various tumor cells and rescued CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell function in combination with PD-x axis blockade. Monalizumab also stimulated NK cell activity against antibody-coated target cells. Interim results of a phase II trial of monalizumab plus cetuximab in previously treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck showed a 31% objective response rate. Most common adverse events were fatigue (17%), pyrexia (13%), and headache (10%). NKG2A targeting with monalizumab is thus a novel checkpoint inhibitory mechanism promoting anti-tumor immunity by enhancing the activity of both T and NK cells, which may complement first-generation immunotherapies against cancer.
High Piezoelectric Longitudinal Coefficients in Sol–gel PZT Thin Film Multilayers (2014)

A five‐layer stack of lead zirconate titanate ( PZT ) thin films with Pt electrodes was fabricated for potential applications in nanoactuator systems. The 1 μm thick PZT films were deposited by a sol–gel technique, the platinum electrodes by sputtering. The PZT films were crack‐free, in spite of the use of silicon as a substrate, suggesting an increased toughness of the metal–ceramic composite. For piezoelectric characterization, the intermediate electrodes were liberated by successive etching of the PZT and Pt layers, obtaining a functional three‐ layer stack. A total thickness change of 5.2 nm was achieved with 10 V, measured by double beam laser interferometry. The small signal response was obtained as 0.49 nm/V. Finite element simulations were made to account for the thickness change in the substrate due to the transverse piezoelectric effect. The average response corresponds to an average d 33,f of 120 pm/V. The multiple annealed buried layers show clearly a better performance with up to 175 pm/V. It is concluded that the electrode interfaces in the interior exhibit higher qualities, as supported by transmission electron microscopy, and that the multiple anneals were beneficial for PZT thin film quality.
Premature Flame Initiation in a Turbocharged DISI Engine - Numerical and Experimental Investigations (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical investigations on pre-ignition in a series-production turbocharged DISI engine. Previous studies led to the conclusion that pre-ignition can be triggered by auto-ignition of oil droplets generated in the combustion chamber. Analysis of more recent experiments shows that a modification of the engine operation parameters that promotes spray/lubricant interaction also increases pre-ignition frequency, while modifications that enhance the speed of chemical reactions (thereby favoring auto-ignition) have little or no influence. The experimental and numerical findings can be explained if we assume the existence of a substance (originating from lubricant/fuel interaction) that displays extremely short ignition delay times.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of Antimalarial Febrifugine Alkaloids (2001)

Reaction of (S)-2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-5-(mesyloxy)pentanal with hydroxylamine in allyl alcohol brought about simultaneous 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the resulting nitrone to allyl alcohol to give three diastereoisomeric adducts, from which (+)-febrifugine and (+)-isofebrifugine, potent antimalarial alkaloids, were synthesized.
An experimental study of the behavior of bubbles and shock waves generated by laser focusing in water. (1987)

This paper deals with an experimental study on the collapsing process of bubbles produced by a focused ruby laser beam in water. The behavior of the collapsing bubbles, and propagation of shock waves induced in the process were observed using double a exposure holographic interferometer and an Ima-Con Camera. The impact pressure was measured by changing the distance between the focusing point of the laser beam and a pressure gauge. Results indicated that the impact pressure induced at the instant of bubble rebound was more intense than that induced at bubble initiation due to the laser focusing, and showed how the impact pressure was attenuated with the distance.
Wave-front reconstruction for compensated imaging (1977)

A critical component in a compensated imaging (CI) system is the wave-front sensor which measures the residual distortion of the wave front after reflecting off the active mirror. The sensor produces estimates of wave-front slopes or phase difference across the aperture. For many applications, the phase differences or slopes are not the most convenient form of data for processing or control, and they must be converted to absolute wave-front phases. This paper analyzes the conversion from phase differences to phases and derives the optimal linear estimator in terms of least noise propagation. Some remarks concerning hardware implementation are also made.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Carotid Body Tumors (1993)

Carotid body tumors are rare although they must always remain part of the differential diagnosis of a neck mass. Sonography as the screening method of choice followed by angiography determines the diagnosis. In 11 patients 12 carotid body tumors were extirpated. The reconstruction of the internal carotid artery with an interposition of the greater saphenous vein was necessary in two cases after resection of the tumor. One patient underwent preoperative embolisation because of a huge tumor. Two postoperative radiotherapies were undertaken because of malignancy in one case and a partially extirpated tumor in the other. After a 9 year follow-up period all patients are alive. One patient suffers from a persistent palsy of the hypoglossal nerve and another complains of permanent headache supposedly caused by the reocclusion of the venous interposition of the carotid artery. In conclusion, our data support the diagnostic strategies in patients with suspected carotid body tumors. Regarding the exact therapeutic regimen, we suggest the surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy in cases of confirmed malignancy or partially resectable lesions.
Mutational analysis of the fingers domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (1992)

Using BspMI cassette vectors, we have constructed a series of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) that cause specific amino acid substitutions within the polymerase domain. The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and RNase H activities of the mutant RTs were assayed. The elucidation of the structure of HIV-1 RT makes it possible to determine the locations of specific mutations in the three-dimensional structure of HIV-1 RT [E. Arnold, A. Jacobo-Molina, R. G. Nanni, R. L. Williams, X. Lu, J. Ding, A. D. Clark, Jr., A. Zhang, A. L. Ferris, P. Clark, A. Hizi, and S. H. Hughes, Nature (London) 357:85-89, 1992; L. A. Kohlstaedt, J. Wang, J. M. Friedman, P. A. Rice, and T. A. Steitz, Science 256:1783-1790, 1992]. The mutations described in this report are between amino acids 25 and 81, within the "fingers" domain of RT (Kohlstaedt et al., Science 256:1783-1790, 1992). It has been suggested that this domain may play a role in positioning the template. Although the fingers domain does not contain the active site for polymerization, several of the mutations within this domain disrupt polymerase activity without significantly affecting RNase H activity.
Animal models of asthma (2007)

Animal models of asthma are a tool that allows studies to be conducted in the setting of an intact immune and respiratory system. These models have highlighted the importance of T-helper type 2 driven allergic responses in the progression of asthma and have been useful in the identification of potential drug targets for interventions involving allergic pathways. However, a number of drugs that have been shown to have some efficacy in animal models of asthma have shown little clinical benefit in human asthmatics. This may be due to a number of factors including the species of animal chosen and the methods used to induce an asthmatic phenotype in animals that do not normally develop a disease that could be characterized as asthma. The range of animal models available is vast, with the most popular models being rodents (inbred mice and rats) and guinea-pigs, which have the benefit of being easy to handle and being relatively cost effective compared with other models that are available. The recent advances in transgenic technology and the development of species-specific probes, particularly in mice, have allowed detailed mechanistic studies to be conducted. Despite these advances in technology, there are a number of issues with current animal models of asthma that must be recognized including the disparity in immunology and anatomy between these species and humans, the requirement for adjuvant during senitization in most models, the acute nature of the allergic response that is induced and the use of adult animals as the primary disease model. Some larger animal models using sheep and dogs have been developed that may address some of these issues but they also have different biology from humans in many ways and are extremely costly, with very few probes available for characterizing allergic responses in the airway in these species. As research in this area continues to expand, the relative merits and limitations of each model must be defined and understood in order to evaluate the information that is obtained from these models and to extrapolate these findings to humans so that effective drug therapies can be developed. Despite these issues, animal models have been, and will continue to be, vital in understanding the mechanisms that are involved in the development and progression of asthma.
Recent advances in the generation of bispecific antibodies for tumor immunotherapy. (2004)

Bispecific antibodies are currently in clinical and preclinical development for the treatment of various cancers. Designed to direct and enhance the body's immune response to specific tumors, bispecific antibodies consist of a targeting domain (typically an antibody fragment that binds to a tumor antigen) linked to a triggering arm that is specific for a cell-surface molecule capable of mediating a phagocytic or lytic response by macrophages, natural killer cells, T-cells, or other effector cells. Recent animal studies have confirmed the therapeutic potential of bispecific antibodies; however, results from clinical trials so far have been less promising and have revealed clear limitations of these molecules, such as immunogenicity and severe side effects caused by mass release of inflammatory cytokines. A second generation of bispecific molecules, bispecific single-chain antibodies and hetero-oligomeric-engineered antibodies, has now been produced by using DNA recombinant technology; these may theoretically improve tumor targeting and minimize side effects, eventually replacing the full-length bispecific antibodies. Over the next few years, several recombinant bispecific antibodies are expected to enter clinical trials and ultimately emerge as new pharmaceutical products. This review briefly summarizes major trends in the development of bispecific antibodies for tumor therapy, and describes a rationale for the generation of novel recombinant molecules.
Basic Control of Reperfusion Effectively Protects Against Reperfusion Injury in a Realistic Rodent Model of Acute Limb Ischemia (2008)

Background— Reperfusion injury is insufficiently addressed in current clinical management of acute limb ischemia. Controlled reperfusion carries an enormous clinical potential and was tested in a new reality-driven rodent model. Methods and Results— Acute hind-limb ischemia was induced in Wistar rats and maintained for 4 hours. Unlike previous tourniquets models, femoral vessels were surgically prepared to facilitate controlled reperfusion and to prevent venous stasis. Rats were randomized into an experimental group (n=7), in which limbs were selectively perfused with a cooled isotone heparin solution at a limited flow rate before blood flow was restored, and a conventional group (n=7; uncontrolled blood reperfusion). Rats were killed 4 hours after blood reperfusion. Nonischemic limbs served as controls. Ischemia/reperfusion injury was significant in both groups; total wet-to-dry ratio was 159±44% of normal ( P =0.016), whereas muscle viability and contraction force were reduced to 65±13% ( P =0.016) and 45±34% ( P =0.045), respectively. Controlled reperfusion, however, attenuated reperfusion injury significantly. Tissue edema was less pronounced (132±16% versus 185±42%; P =0.011) and muscle viability (74±11% versus 57±9%; P =0.004) and contraction force (68±40% versus 26±7%; P =0.045) were better preserved than after uncontrolled reperfusion. Moreover, subsequent blood circulation as assessed by laser Doppler recovered completely after controlled reperfusion but stayed durably impaired after uncontrolled reperfusion ( P =0.027). Conclusions— Reperfusion injury was significantly alleviated by basic modifications of the initial reperfusion period in a new in vivo model of acute limb ischemia. With this model, systematic optimizations of according protocols may eventually translate into improved clinical management of acute limb ischemia.
Semimagnetic Resonant Tunneling Diodes for Electron Spin Manipulation (2000)

Recently, efficient electrical injection of spin polarized electrons into GaAs bas been accomplished by using a semimagnetic II-VI single layer, namely BeMnZnSe, as a spin aligner. In such spin aligner materials. the orientation of the electron spins can only be controlled by varying the magnetic field. Here, we introduce an approach aiming at manipulating spins by an external voltage. For that we developed BeTe/ZnMnSe/BeTe semimagnetic resonant tunneling diodes as a spin injector into nonmagnetic III-V material. By changing the resonance condition from a spin-up to spin-down Zeeman level, it should be possible to actually switch from one spin orientation to the other. An AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs p-i-n Light Emitting Diode was used to detect the efficiency of the spin injection, because the circular polarization of the electroluminescence is a direct measure of the spin polarization of the injected electron current. Although no spin-splitting of the bound electron states in the ZnMNSe quantum well could be observed in current-voltage-measurements. electroluminescence from the LED revealed a high circular polarization of up to 70%, indicating a strongly spin-polarized electron current. The use of a semimagnetic RTD as a spin-switch device would represent a further important step towards spin manipulation in semiconductors.