gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common and Unique Gene Expression Signatures of Human Macrophages in Response to Four Strains ofMycobacterium aviumThat Differ in Their Growth and Persistence Characteristics (2005)

Classification of pathogenic species according to the distinct host transcriptional responses that they elicit may become a relevant tool for microarray-based diagnosis of infection. Individual strains of Mycobacterium avium, an opportunistic pathogen in humans, have previously been shown to differ in terms of growth and persistence. In order to cover a wide spectrum of virulence, we selected four M. avium isolates (2151SmO, 2151SmT, SE01, TMC724) that have distinct intramacrophage replication characteristics and cause differential activation in human macrophages. Following infection with each of these strains, the expression of 12,558 genes in human macrophages was systematically analyzed by microarray technology. Fifty genes (including genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, signaling, and adhesion molecules) were differentially expressed more than twofold in response to all of the M. avium isolates investigated and therefore constitute a common macrophage signature in response to M. avium. The magnitude of regulation of most of these genes was directly correlated with the host cell-activating capacity of the particular M. avium strain. The regulation of a number of genes not previously associated with mycobacterial infections was apparent; these genes included genes encoding lymphocyte antigen 64 and myosin X. In addition, individual response patterns typical for some M. avium isolates could be defined by the pronounced upregulation of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) (in the case of 2151SmO) or the specific upregulation of SOCS-1 and IL-10 (in the case of SE01) in macrophages. TMC724, a strain of avian origin, could not be classified by any one of these schemes, possibly indicating the limits of pathogen categorization solely by immune response signatures.
AKT2 Inhibition of Cisplatin-induced JNK/p38 and Bax Activation by Phosphorylation of ASK1 (2003)

Cisplatin and its analogues have been widely used for treatment of human cancer. However, most patients eventually develop resistance to treatment through a mechanism that remains obscure. Previously, we found that AKT2 is frequently overexpressed and/or activated in human ovarian and breast cancers. Here we demonstrate that constitutively active AKT2 renders cisplatin-sensitive A2780S ovarian cancer cells resistant to cisplatin, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor or dominant negative AKT2 sensitizes A2780S and cisplatin-resistant A2780CP cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through regulation of the ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway. AKT2 interacts with and phosphorylates ASK1 at Ser-83 resulting in inhibition of its kinase activity. Accordingly, activated AKT2 blocked signaling down-stream of ASK1, including activation of JNK and p38 and the conversion of Bax to its active conformation. Expression of nonphosphorylatable ASK1-S83A overrode the AKT2-inhibited JNK/p38 activity and Bax conformational changes, whereas phosphomimic ASK1-S83D inhibited the effects of cisplatin on JNK/p38 and Bax. Cisplatin-induced Bax conformation change was inhibited by inhibitors or dominant negative forms of JNK and p38. In conclusion, our data indicate that AKT2 inhibits cisplatin-induced JNK/p38 and Bax activation through phosphorylation of ASK1 and thus, plays an important role in chemoresistance. Further, regulation of the ASK1/JNK/p38/Bax pathway by AKT2 provides a new mechanism contributing to its antiapoptotic effects.
Genetic Resistance to Disease in Domestic Animals (1958)

Journal Article Genetic Resistance to Disease in Domestic Animals Get access Genetic Resistance to Disease in Domestic Animals . Hutt Frederick Bruce . 198 pgs. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press , Ithaca, New York . ( 1958 ) Clarence P. Oliver Clarence P. Oliver The University of Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar AIBS Bulletin, Volume 8, Issue 5, November 1958, Pages 42–43, https://doi.org/10.2307/1292578 Published: 01 November 1958
The compressive strength properties of mineral wool slabs: Influence of structure anisotropy and methodical factors (2007)

Abstract This paper presents the research on the structure and compressive stress or compressive strength of mineral wool products. The products of chaotic, directional and combinative fibres structure have been studied visually and microscopically. During mechanical tests it was determined that compressive stress (compressive strength) of the stone wool products is dependent on the direction of the load working to the product major face, test specimen dimensions, force increasing rate, fibres distribution (orientation) and methodical peculiarities.
A VISIBLE ALLELE OF THE MUSCLE GENE sup-10 X OF C. ELEGANS (1986)

In this paper, we extend our previous analyses of a set of genes in Caenorhabditis elegans that are involved in muscle structure and function: unc-93 III, sup-9 II, sup-10 X and sup-11 I. We describe an unusual, visible allele of sup-10, examine how this allele interacts genetically with mutations in other genes of this set and propose that the wild-type products of the unc-93 and sup-10 loci may be components of a protein complex. We also describe a new gene of this set, sup-18 III, and the interaction of sup-18 alleles with mutations in the other genes.
Association of surface ultraviolet B radiation levels with melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in United States blacks. (2000)

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure increases the risk of skin cancer in whites. Motivated by indications that United States geographic variation of relative skin cancer risk in blacks approaches that in whites, we used Poisson regression to estimate the risk of skin cancer in blacks as a function of average annual surface-levels of UVB radiation, measured by Robertson-Berger meters. United States data were used on deaths in 506 state economic areas, 1970-1994, and on incident cases in the nine areas of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1973-1994. For black males, the age-adjusted relative risk of mortality for a 50% increase in UVB radiation was significantly above one for malignant melanoma, 1970-1994 (1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.32) and nearly so for nonmelanoma skin cancer, 1970-1981 (1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.39), for which the time period was chosen to avoid AIDS-related deaths from Kaposi's sarcoma. However, for black females, the relative risk of mortality was not significantly elevated for either skin cancer, and, for both black males and females, the relative risk of incidence was not significantly elevated for melanoma in the period 1973-1994. Incidence data on nonmelanoma skin cancer were not available. Although the public health implication is uncertain because of the much lower absolute risk of skin cancer in blacks compared with whites, the findings suggest that sunlight exposure increases skin cancer risk in blacks.
Sensitisation of visceral afferents by nerve growth factor in the adult rat (1996)

Since there is growing evidence that nerve growth factor (NGF) acts as a mediator of persistent pain states, here we have studied its acute effects on the properties of primary afferent neurones innervating adult rat urinary bladder. Single A delta and C fibres were dissected from the L6 or S1 dorsal roots of urethane anaesthetized rats. The stimulus-response function of these afferents was evaluated with a series of isotonic distensions of the bladder (0-60 cm H2O). The afferents were then studied after filling the bladder with a vehicle solution of 10% DMSO for 30 min, and then again after filling the bladder with a 10 micrograms/ml solution of human recombinant NGF in 10% DMSO. In the control state, and after filling with 10% DMSO, the myelinated and about one-half of the unmyelinated afferents were mechanosensitive with pressure thresholds in the innocuous range and responsiveness extending into the supra physiological, presumed noxious range. The remaining one-half of unmyelinated afferents showed no mechanosensitivity. After filling with NGF, the large majority of units, both myelinated and unmyelinated, sensitised, evidenced by the development of ongoing activity and a leftward shift of stimulus-response functions. Some of the initially nonmechanosensitive units developed a novel mechanosensitivity. The sensitisation began within 30 min of exposure to NGF, and persisted for the period studied (up to the 3 h). In separate experiments, intravesical NGF at concentrations greater than 1 microgram/ml was found to elicit a dose-dependent extravasation of Evan's blue into the bladder. These data support the notion that NGF may be an endogenous mediator in some persistent pain states.
The adult CNS retains the potential to direct region-specific differentiation of a transplanted neuronal precursor cell line (1995)

The chronic survival and differentiation of the conditionally immortalized neuronal cell line, RN33B, was examined following transplantation into the adult and neonatal rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In clonal culture, differentiated RN33B cells express p75NTR and trkB mRNA and protein, and respond to brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment by inducing c-fos mRNA. Transplanted cells, identified using immunohistochemistry to detect beta-galactosidase expression, were seen in most animals up to 24 weeks posttransplantation (the latest time point examined). Stably integrated cells with various morphologies consistent with their transplantation site were observed. In the cerebral cortex, many RN33B cells differentiated with morphologies similar to pyramidal neurons and stellate cells. In the hippocampal formation, many RN33B cells assumed morphologies similar to pyramidal neurons characteristic of CA1 and CA3 regions, granular cell layer neurons of the dentate gyrus, and polymorphic neurons of the hilar region. Identical morphologies were observed in both adult and neonatal hosts, although a greater percentage of beta-galactosidase immunoreactive cells had differentiated in the neonatal brains. These results suggest that RN33B cells have the developmental plasticity to respond to local microenvironmental signals and that the adult brain retains the capacity to direct the differentiation of neuronal precursor cells in a direction that is consistent with that of endogenous neurons.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of p n junctions formed by ion implantation (1991)

Results of scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements of 〈100〉 n- and p-type silicon are reported. Measurements were made in air on surfaces with a native oxide. Different I/V characteristics were observed for differently doped samples, indicating that the surfaces were unpinned. Images are presented of pn junctions formed by the implantation of phosphorus into boron doped Si wafers. The pn junction, or the boundary between implant and substrate regions, was observed in both constant current and constant height scans. The junction was imaged with 125 Å point-to-point resolution.
Molecular analysis of chromosome 20q deletions associated with myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes (1994)

Acquired deletions of the long arm of chromosome 20 are found in several hematologic conditions and particularly in the myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. The spectrum of diseases associated with 20q deletions suggests that such deletions may mark the site of a tumor suppressor gene that contributes to the regulation of normal multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. We present here the first detailed molecular analysis of 20q deletions associated with myeloid disorders. Thirty-four microsatellite primer pairs corresponding to loci on 20q have been used to study DNA samples from two cell lines and from highly purified peripheral blood granulocytes obtained from seven patients. In addition, Southern analysis of cell line DNA has been performed using 19 DNA probes that map to 20q. Three conclusions can be drawn from our results. Firstly, molecular heterogeneity of both centromeric and telomeric breakpoints was demonstrated, thus supporting the existence of a tumor suppressor gene on 20q. In addition many of the breakpoints have been mapped to small genetic intervals. Secondly, our results define a commonly deleted region of 16–21 cM which contains ADA, PLC1, TOP1, SEMG1, and PPGB. Several candidate tumor suppressor genes lie outside the common deleted region including SRC, HCK, p107, PTPN1, and CEBP beta. Thirdly, the data allow integration of genetic and physical maps and have refined the map positions of multiple genes. These results will facilitate attempts to identify candidate hematopoietic tumor suppressor genes on 20q.
Photoimmunotherapy of human ovarian carcinoma cells ex vivo. (1991)

Photodynamic therapy is a relatively new and potentially selective experimental approach to the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Its inherent dual selectivity is reinforced by the use of photosensitizer-monoclonal antibody conjugates. The goal of this study was to evaluate the phototoxicity and selectivity of an immunoconjugate (IC) synthesized from a chlorin derivative chlorin e6-monoethylenediamine monoamide (CMA) as the photosensitizer and an anti-ovarian carcinoma monoclonal antibody OC125. Binding efficiency and specificity of the IC were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and specific covalent linkage of the monoclonal antibody to the photosensitizer was demonstrated by fluorescence and electrophoresis. Phototoxicity was tested against ascites or pleural fluid cells from 15 patients with ovarian and nonovarian cancers. Tumor cells from the fluid were treated with the IC at 3 microM equivalent CMA concentration and irradiated at 654 nm (lambda max CMA in IC) at 25 J/cm2 from an argon ion-pumped dye laser. Phototoxic efficacy was assayed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Ovarian cancer cells exhibited high cytotoxicity with [3H]thymidine incorporation of 2.4 +/- 2.2%, while nonovarian cancer cells under identical conditions exhibited none to reduced cytotoxicity with [3H]thymidine incorporation of 70 +/- 54%. Using a Wilcoxon test, there was a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P less than 0.001). Dose-response curves revealed reciprocity in photosensitizer concentration and fluence. These results demonstrate that photoimmunoconjugates retain significant antigen binding specificity and affinity, are effective in the selective photochemical eradication of target cells, and merit further evaluation as photochemotherapeutic agents.
Proadrenomedullin NH2-terminal 20 peptide has direct vasodilator activity in the cat (1997)

The mechanism by which proadrenomedullin NH2-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) decreases vascular resistance was investigated in the hindlimb vascular bed in the cat. Injections of PAMP, a shortened form of the peptide PAMP-(12-20), and adrenomedullin (ADM) into the hindlimb perfusion circuit elicit dose-related decreases in perfusion pressure. The order of potency was ADM > PAMP > PAMP-(12-20), and the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP-(8-37) had no effect on vasodilator responses to PAMP or ADM. Vasodilator responses to PAMP were increased in duration by the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rolipram, whereas inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase had no effect. Vasodilator responses to PAMP were not altered by treatment with alpha-receptor or adrenergic nerve terminal blocking agents and were similar in innervated and denervated hindlimb preparations. Responses to PAMP were similar when vasoconstrictor tone was increased by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves or infusion of phenylephrine and were not altered by the passage of time. These data suggest that PAMP dilates the hindlimb vascular bed by a direct cAMP-dependent mechanism and that inhibition of norepinephrine release plays little if any role in mediating responses to the peptide in the regional vascular bed of the cat.
Accumulation of polyphosphate granules in Helicobacter pylori cells under anaerobic conditions (2000)

Helicobacter pylori is known to transform to coccoid forms which might be involved in faecal-oral transmission. When the bacteria enter the intestine, they encounter anaerobiosis that is unfavourable for growth. The effect of anaerobiosis was investigated to determine whether H. pylori is viable under such conditions. H. pylori in the late logarithmic growth phase transformed from spiral to coccoid forms when transferred to and incubated anaerobically in fresh medium. Acridine orange staining indicated that the viability of coccoid forms was significantly reduced, but still measurable even at day 5 or 7 of anaerobic culture. The cells retained low but significant levels of the major sigma factor RpoD at day 5 or 7 of anaerobic culture. The cellular structures of coccoid forms contained polyphosphate granules at day 1 and even at day 7 when incubated anaerobically, whereas only a few granules were observed under micro-aerobic conditions. Poor formation of polyphosphate granules in micro-aerobic cultures correlated particularly well with lower levels of acridine orange staining. These results suggest that acridine orange-positive anaerobic coccoid forms are viable to a certain extent and that polyphosphate may support this viability.
Esophageal Injury and Temperature Monitoring During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation (2008)

Background— It is common practice to empirically limit the radiofrequency (RF) power when ablating the posterior left atrium during atrial fibrillation ablation to avoid thermal injury to the esophagus. The objective of this study was to determine whether RF energy delivery limited by luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring is associated with a reduction in esophageal injury compared with a strategy of RF power limitation alone. Methods and Results— Eighty-one consecutive patients who underwent atrial fibrillation ablation followed by esophageal endoscopy were included in this observational study. All patients underwent extraostial electric pulmonary vein isolation by using an electroanatomic mapping system and irrigated RF ablation. All RF applications on the posterior left atrium were limited to 35 W. A commercially available, single-thermocouple esophageal probe was used to monitor LET in a subset of patients (n=67). In these cases, applications were promptly interrupted when LET was ≥38.5�C; further applications were performed at reduced power to obtain a LET &lt;38.5�C. Esophageal endoscopy was performed 1 to 3 days after the procedure. Ablation-related esophageal ulcerations were identified in 9 of 81 (11%) patients. All patients were asymptomatic. Of these 81 patients, LET monitoring during ablation occurred in 67 (83%) of patients. Esophageal injury was observed more frequently (36% versus 6%, P &lt;0.006) in the group without LET monitoring. Conclusions— These data suggest that LET monitoring may be associated with a reduction in esophageal injury compared with power limitation alone.
Detection of the Cancer Marker CD146 Expression in Melanoma Cells with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Label (2010)

The use of highly specific and highly sensitive quantum dots immunofluorescent label is a promising approach for biomedical imaging in cancer cells. Human melanoma cell adhesion molecule CD146, overexpressed on the surface of melanoma cells, is an important target for melanoma diagnostics. We synthesized PEG-COOH capped highly fluorescent CdSe/ZnS QDs and conjugated them with streptavidin to prepare QD-SA label. Then, we used QD-SA to link with biotinylated goat anti-mouse IgG and mouse anti-human CD146 to label CD146 overexpressed on live and fixed cells by FACS and Confocal microscopy. Labeling of target cells was shown to have high brightness, photostability, and specificity. Advantages of QD conjugates over FITC conjugates are discussed. The results indicate that construction based on QD-SA label, biotinylated IgG and CD146 antibody can be successfully used for detection of melanoma cells for biomedical applications.
Implementing interactive configuration management for distributed systems (2002)

The paper describes an environment for interactive configuration management of software for distributed applications and services. Configuration management involves creating the components which form a distributed system; allocating these components to physical nodes and binding the interfaces of the components to each other or to existing services. Components and their required and provided interfaces are represented and accessible in the system-wide domain structure. We describe a graphical configuration environment, based on the Darwin configuration language which is used to create the required configurations and maintain the configuration structure as part of the overall systems management infrastructure. The paper describes a simple example to show how a system can be initially constructed and subsequently reconfigured at run-time without shutting down the system.
Regulation of colony-stimulating activity production from bone marrow stromal cells by the hematoregulatory peptide, HP-5. (1992)

It has been reported that the granulocyte-derived hematoregulatory pentapeptide, HP-5, and its dimer (HP-5b) have potent hematoregulatory properties. The proposed mechanism of action for HP-5b is synergy with colony-stimulating activity (CSA) resulting in enhanced myeloid colony formation in vitro. We now demonstrate that the effects of HP-5b on enhanced colony formation are indirect and mediated by an effect on CSA production by bone marrow stromal cells. Bone marrow stromal cell culture systems from mice, rats, and humans were used as target cells for the action of HP-5 monomer and dimer. Cell-free supernatants from these cultures were assayed for CSA in a murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) assay. Supernatants from stromal cell cultures pulsed for 1 h with HP-5b resulted in increased murine CFU-GM colony proliferation with an estimated half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 1-5 ng/ml. This increase in CFU-GM proliferation was neutralized by anti-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (anti-M-CSF) antibodies. The HP-5 monomer was without effect on constitutive CSA production by stromal cells, but it antagonized HP-5b-induced CSA production in a dose-responsive manner with an estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.2-0.4 ng/ml. The ability of HP-5 monomer to antagonize HP-5b induction of CSA appears specific in that HP-5 monomer failed to alter interleukin 1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stromal cell CSA production.
Novel Thermal Route to an Amorphous, Film-Forming Polymer Latex (1999)

The bacterial storage polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), is remarkable in that while the isolated polymer is crystalline, the polymer is produced and stored in cells in the form of amorphous granules. The amorphous physical state in vivo has been attributed to the slow nucleation kinetics that are operative for small, isolated particles. On isolation, the polymer granules are usually found to crystallize. We report here a new thermal method that returns the purified crystalline particles to a fully amorphous state. In the new method, a suspension of crystalline particles is heated briefly under pressure to a temperature above the polymer Tm and then rapidly cooled. The thermally treated particles have a median size of 0.83 μm and, unlike their crystalline counterparts, form coherent films under ambient conditions. At temperatures where bulk amorphous PHB crystallizes within a few minutes, the suspension of thermally treated particles remains in a metastable amorphous state for at least several weeks.