gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Estrogen, Androgen, and Progestin on Sexual Psychophysiology and Behavior in Postmenopausal Women* (1990)

To assess the contribution of gonadal steroids to sexual behavior in aging women, we conducted a 10-week, double-blind, hormone replacement study of 40 naturally menopausal women (mean age, 58.3 yr). Prospective measurements of basal and stimulated vaginal vasocongestion and daily self-reports of mood, physical symptoms, sexual behavior, and perceived sexual pleasure were collected. Daily treatments were either conjugated equine estrogen, i.e. Premarin (P; 0.625 mg), Premarin and medroxyprogesterone acetate, i.e. Provera (PP; 0.625 and 5 mg, respectively), Premarin and methyltestosterone (PT; 0.625 and 5 mg, respectively), or placebo (PL). Compared to placebo, hormone treatment had significantly reduced hot flashes in the P and PP groups by week 4 and in the PT group by week 5. Headaches were reduced in the P vs. PL group, only. Hormone treatment did not significantly alter mood ratings, sexual behaviors, or psychophysiologically measured sexual arousal. PT treatment significantly increased reports of pleasure from masturbation compared to the other three groups, underscoring the apparent contribution of androgens to self-stimulatory behavior. However, the data suggest that in these physically and sexually healthy women, gonadal steroids do not influence major components of sexual functioning, including arousal and a wide variety of sexual activity and experience.
Generation of pancreatic β cells from mesenchymal stem cells to treat type 1 diabetes (2014)

Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease in which pancreatic β cells are destroyed by self-autoimmune attack. There are approximately 40 million T1D patients at 2011 in the world and this number will exceed 50 million by 2030. Patients who suffered T1D would have to receive insulin injections their whole life. Clinical studies show that transplantation of islets is a sufficient cure for aiding patient to relief from diabetes-related symptoms. However, the lack of applicable donor cells limits the treatment. Thus, a new source and approach to replace the loss of β cells for diabetes need to be investigated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of stromal stem cells that can be isolated from adult tissues. Their multipotency and low immunogenicity are explored as a new treatment for generative medicine. Recent studies in stem cell therapy based on the generation of β cells from MSCs showed that MSCs may be a promising source of β cell in diabetes therapy. In this review, we summarize the studies on MSCs-based endogenous β cell regeneration or differentiation to insulin-producing cell (IPC) in vitro. Conclusion Transplantation of MSCs or IPCs differentiated from MSCs may be potential therapy to treat type 1 diabetes.
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia With Thin Corpus Callosum (2006)

Our findings in HSP-TCC further confirm its worldwide distribution and genetic heterogeneity, and they significantly reduce the candidate SPG11 interval.
Should we pay the patient? Review of financial incentives to enhance patient compliance (1997)

Financial incentives can improve patient compliance.
Structure–function relationships of complement receptor type 1 (2001)

Human complement receptor type 1 (CR1) is a large, multifunctional glycoprotein which is a member of the regulators of complement activation family. Like other members of this family, it is composed mainly of tandemly arranged modules, each about 60-70 amino acids long, known as complement control protein repeats (CCPs). Each domain folds independently and contains a hydrophobic core wrapped in beta sheets. These domains mediate interactions with C3/C4-derived fragments. CR1 is the most versatile inhibitor of both classical and alternative pathway C3 and C5 convertases due to its decay-accelerating activity and co-factor activity for C3b/C4b cleavage. Moreover, CR1 plays a major role in immune complex clearance due to its high affinity for C3b and C4b. CR1 is an excellent model to study structure-function relationships because its functions are mediated by two distinct but highly homologous sites, each composed of three CCPs. CR1 derivatives carrying just one active site were used to define critical sequences/amino acids. This was achieved by testing functional profiles of the proteins carrying a mutated active site produced by substituting peptides/amino acids with their counterparts from the other site. These mutated proteins, of which we analyzed over 100, permitted the fine mapping of the functional sites. CR1 on primate erythrocytes varies in size. In most cases it is smaller and has fewer active sites than does human CR1. This variation was used to determine that increased copy number (3,000 to 20,000 versus 300 for human CR1) compensates for a smaller size. Moreover, studies of primate CR1 led to the finding that subtle differences in the critical areas, as compared to human sites, produce active sites with a broader functional repertoire. These alterations ensure that short CR1 forms possess similar biologic activities to the large CR1 forms. There is much interest in producing therapeutic agents to inhibit unwanted complement activation. Based on these structure-function analyses, smaller and more potent complement inhibitors derived from CR1 can be produced.
The society of text: hypertext, hypermedia, and the social construction of information (1989)

Introduction - thought and language in a virtual environment, Edward Barrett. Part 1 Hypertext and hypermedia - designing systems for the online user: online information, hypermedia, and the idea of literacy, Philip Rubens online information - what do people want? what do people need?, Roger A. Grice hypertext in context, David S. Herrstrom and David G. Massey hypertext and intelligent interfaces for text retrieval, Patricia Ann Carlson. Part 2 Multimedia and nonlinear information architectures: investigations in multimedia design documentation, Matthew E. Hodges, et al supporting collaboration in hypermedia - issues and experiences, Peggy M. Irish and Randall H. Trigg the missing link - why we're all doing hypertext wrong, Norman Meyrowitz reflections on authoring, editing and managing hypertext, Ben Shneiderman authoring tools for complex document sets, Janet H. Walker limited freedom - linear reflections on nonlinear texts, Joseph T. Jaynes from database to hypertext via electronic publishing - an information odyssey, R. John Brockmann, et al. Part 3 The social perspective - writers, management and the online environment: trends in the emerging profession of technical communication, John Kirsch reconstruction of a profession - new roles for writers in the computer industry, Muriel Zimmerman online writing from an organizational perspective, Robert Krull consulting skills for technical writers, Lawrence B. Levine how to manage educational computing initiatives - lessons from the first five years of Project Athena at MIT, Jacqueline A. Stewart textual intervention, collaboration and the online environment, Edward Barrett. Part 4 Sensemaking, learning and the online environment: techniques of user message design - developing a user message system to support co-operative work, Christine M. Neuwirth hand-crafted hypertext - lessons from the ACM experiment, Liora Alschuler the evaluation of online help systems - a conceptual model, Thomas M. Duffy, et al escher effects in online text, Judith Ramey using Word-Knowledge reasoning for question answering, Jill Gaulding and Boris Katz learning by doing with simulated intelligent help, John M. Carroll and Amy P. Aaronson.
Fine active calibration of camera position/orientation through pattern recognition (2002)

Precise information on an object, which is obtained through pattern recognition, is fused into an active calibration process. The calibration process can be classified into two modes, i.e., passive and active calibration. Passive calibration is possible by using images of calibration grids pre-located at a reference position with fixed size, while active calibration is performed using images of real objects, which are to be manipulated. In most active calibration processes, either based upon a line-correspondence scheme or upon a point-correspondence scheme, clear images of the object are required. Even with uncontaminated images, there exist errors in estimating the position and orientation of a camera due to lens distortion and limited number of pixels, as well as inherent errors due to the perspective model of a camera. These problems are being tackled in various ways since there is no simple and solid approach. In this paper, precise position and shape information of an object, which is obtained by a pattern recognition procedure, is integrated into the calibration process based upon a point-correspondence scheme to improve the accuracy in estimating the position/orientation of a camera. Experiments are performed to show the improvement in this accuracy.
High availability in clustered multimedia servers (2002)

Clustered multimedia servers, consisting of interconnected nodes and disks, have been proposed for large-scale servers that are capable of supporting multiple concurrent streams which access the video objects stored in the server. As the number of disks and nodes in the cluster increases, so does the probability of a failure. With data striped across all disks in a cluster, the failure of a single disk or node results in the disruption of many or all streams in the system. Guaranteeing high availability in such a cluster becomes a primary requirement to ensure continuous service. In this paper, we study mirroring and software RAID schemes with different placement strategies that guarantee high availability in the event of disk and node failures while satisfying the real-time requirements of the streams. We examine various declustering techniques for spreading the redundant information across disks and nodes and show that random declustering has good real-time performance. Finally, we compare the overall cost per stream for different system configurations. We derive the parameter space where mirroring and software RAID apply, and determine optimal parity group sizes.
SIMPLE: Interactive Analytics on Patent Data (2010)

Intellectual Properties (IP), such as patents and trademarks, are one of the most critical assets in today's enterprises and research organizations. They represent the core innovation and differentiators of an organization. When leveraged effectively, they not only protect freedom of action, but also generate significant opportunities in licensing, execution, long term research and innovation. In this paper, we expand upon a previous paper describing a solution called SIMPLE, which mines large corpus of patents and scientific literature for insights. In this paper we focus on the interactive analytics aspects of SIMPLE, which allow the analyst to explore large unstructured information collections containing mixed information in a dynamic way. We use real-world case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of interactive analytics in SIMPLE.
Macrophage Formation of Angiostatin during Inflammation (1998)

Angiostatin is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and the growth of metastatic foci. Recent studies have indicated that neoplastic cells can generate angiostatin directly or in cooperation with tumor-associated macrophages. In studies reported here, we determined whether angiostatin is generated in mice under non-neoplastic settings. Utilizing murine RAW264.7 macrophages and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, we demonstrate that angiostatin-like fragments are generated as a byproduct of the proteolytic regulation of membrane-bound plasmin. Plasmin proteolysis and subsequent loss in membrane-bound plasmin activity requires active plasmin but was unaffected by inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Lysine binding fragments of plasmin, isolated from macrophage-conditioned media utilizing affinity chromatography, appeared as a major (48 kDa) and two minor bands (42 and 50 kDa) in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were immunoreactive with anti-kringle 1-3 IgG. Each peptide begins with Lys77 and contains the entire sequence of angiostatin. The affinity isolated plasmin fragments inhibited bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Lavage fluid recovered from the peritoneal cavities of mice previously injected with thioglycollate contained angiostatin-like plasmin fragments similar to those generated in vitro. This is the first demonstration that angiostatin-like plasmin fragments are generated in a non-neoplastic inflammatory setting. Thus, in addition to regulating pericellular plasmin activity, proteolysis of plasmin generates inactive kringle-containing fragments expressing angiostatic properties.
Single‐junction InGaP/GaAs solar cells grown on Si substrates with SiGe buffer layers (2002)

Abstract Single junction InGaP/GaAs solar cells displaying high efficiency and record high open‐circuit voltage values have been grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on Ge/graded SiGe/Si substrates. Open‐circuit voltages of 980 mV under AM0 conditions have been verified to result from a single GaAs junction, with no evidence of Ge‐related sub‐cell photoresponse. AM0 efficiencies close to 16% have been measured for a large number of small‐area cells, the performance of which is limited by non‐fundamental current losses due to significant surface reflection resulting from&gt; 10% front‐surface metal coverage and wafer handling during the growth sequence for these prototype cells. It is shown that at the material quality currently achieved for GaAs grown on Ge/SiGe/Si substrates, namely a 10 ns minority‐carrier lifetime that results from complete elimination of anti‐phase domains, and maintaining a threading dislocation density of ∼8 × 10 5 cm −2 , 19–20% AM0 single‐junction GaAs cells are imminent. Experiments show that the high performance is not degraded for larger‐area cells, with identical open‐circuit voltages and higher short‐circuit current (due to reduced front metal coverage) values being demonstrated, indicating that large‐area scaling is possible in the near term. Comparison with a simple model indicates that the voltage output of these GaAs‐on‐Si cells follows the ideal behavior expected for lattice‐mismatched devices, demonstrating that unaccounted‐for defects and issues that have plagued other methods to epitaxially integrate III–V cells with Si are resolved by using SiGe buffers and proper GaAs nucleation methods. These early results already show the enormous and realistic potential of the virtual SiGe substrate approach for generating high‐efficiency, lightweight and strong III–V solar cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Trip router with individualized preferences (TRIP): incorporating personalization into route planning (2006)

Popular route planning systems (Windows Live Local, Yahoo! Maps, Google Maps, etc.) generate driving directions using a static library of roads and road attributes. They ignore both the time at which a route is to be traveled and, more generally, the preferences of the drivers they serve. We present a set of methods for including driver preferences and time-variant traffic condition estimates in route planning. These methods have been incorporated into a working prototype named TRIP. Using a large database of GPS traces logged by drivers, TRIP learns time-variant traffic speeds for every road in a widespread metropolitan area. It also leverages a driver’s past GPS logs when responding to future route queries to produce routes that are more suited to the driver’s individual driving preferences. Using experiments with real driving data, we demonstrate that the routes produced by TRIP are measurably closer to those actually chosen by drivers than are the routes produced by routers that use static heuristics.
A cancer family syndrome in twenty-four kindreds. (1988)

A search of the Cancer Family Registry of the National Cancer Institute revealed 24 kindreds with the syndrome of sarcoma, breast carcinoma, and other neoplasms in young patients. Cancer developed in an autosomal dominant pattern in 151 blood relatives, 119 (79%) of whom were affected before 45 years of age. These young patients had a total of 50 bone and soft tissue sarcomas of diverse histological subtypes and 28 breast cancers. Additional features of the syndrome included an excess of brain tumors (14 cases), leukemia (9 cases), and adrenocortical carcinoma (4 cases) before age 45 years. These neoplasms also accounted for 73% of the multiple primary cancers occurring in 15 family members. Six of these patients had second cancers linked to radiotherapy. The diversity of tumor types in this syndrome suggests pathogenetic mechanisms which differ from hereditary cancers arising in single organs or tissues. The syndrome is presently diagnosed on clinical grounds; laboratory markers are needed to identify high-risk individuals and families and to provide insights into susceptibility mechanisms that may be shared by a wide variety of cancers.
Sodium Binding Site of Factor Xa:  Role of Sodium in the Prothrombinase Complex (2000)

The nature of residue 225 on a consensus loop in serine proteases determines whether a protease can bind Na+. Serine proteases with a Pro at this position are unable to bind Na+, but those with a Tyr or Phe can bind Na+. Factor Xa (FXa), the serine protease of the prothrombinase complex, contains a Tyr at this position. Na+ is also known to stimulate the amidolytic activity of FXa toward cleavage of small synthetic substrates, but the role of Na+ in the prothrombinase complex has not been investigated. In this study, we engineered a Gla-domainless form of FX (GDFX) in which residue Tyr225 was replaced with a Pro. We found that Na+ stimulated the cleavage rate of chromogenic substrates by FXa or GDFXa ∼8−24-fold with apparent dissociation constants [Kd(app)] of 37 and 182 mM in the presence and absence of Ca2+, respectively. In contrast, Na+ minimally affected the cleavage rate of these substrates by the mutant, and no Kd(app) for Na+ binding to the mutant could be estimated. Unlike the wild-type enzyme, the reactivity of the mutant with antithrombin was independent of Na+ and impaired ∼32-fold. Ca2+ improved the reactivity of the mutant with antithrombin ∼5-fold. Affinity of the mutant for binding to factor Va was weakened and its ability to activate prothrombin was severely impaired. Further studies with the wild-type prothrombinase complex revealed that FXa binds to factor Va with a similar Kd(app) of 1.1−1.8 nM in the presence of Na+, K+, Li+, Ch+, and Tris+ and that the catalytic efficiency of prothrombinase is enhanced less than 1.5-fold by the specific effect of Na+ in the reaction buffer. These results suggest that (1) the loop including residue 225 (225-loop) is a Na+ binding site in FXa, (2) the Na+- and Ca2+-binding loops of FXa are allosterically linked, and (3) the Tyr conformer of the 225-loop is critical for factor Xa function; however, both Na+-bound and Na+-free forms of factor Xa in the prothrombinase complex can efficiently activate prothrombin.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Bit1, An Apoptosis-Associated Mitochondrial Protein (2009)

Bit1 (Bcl2-inhibitor of transcription 1) is a mitochondrial protein that was found eliciting caspase-independent apoptosis when released into the cytoplasm, where it forms a complex with AES (amino-terminal enhancer of split). In our research, cytosolic fraction of suspended cultured human ovarian cancer cells was taken as immunogen, and recombined protein Bit1-His was used to select hybridomas. Two hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Bit1 were obtained by routine murine hybridoma technique. The MAbs were characterized by indirect ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, and it was found that they recognized distinct epitopes. The sandwich method to detect sera Bit1 was established, and a distinct difference of sera Bit1 between the ovarian carcinoma patients and normal controls was found. To conclude, these MAbs against human Bit1 may be useful for exploring the tumor apoptosis mechanism and monitoring patients' clinical data.
A Phagosome-to-Cytosol Pathway for Exogenous Antigens Presented on MHC Class I Molecules (1995)

Peptides from endogenous proteins are presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, but antigens (Ags) in the extracellular fluids are generally not. However, pathogens or particulate Ags that are internalized into phagosomes of macrophages (M phi s) stimulate CD8 T cells. The presentation of these Ags is resistant to chloroquine but is blocked by inhibitors of the proteasome, a mutation in the TAP1-TAP2 transporter, and brefeldin A. Moreover, phagocytosis of a ribosomal-inactivating protein inhibited M phi protein synthesis. These results demonstrate that M phi s transfer Ags from phagosomes into the cytosol and that endogenous and exogenous Ags use a final common pathway for class I presentation.
Carotid Artery Stenosis: Cost-effectiveness of Assessment of Cerebrovascular Reserve to Guide Treatment of Asymptomatic Patients (2014)

CVR testing can be a cost-effective tool to identify asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis who are most likely to benefit from revascularization.
Recurrent Positive Selection at Bgcn, a Key Determinant of Germ Line Differentiation, Does Not Appear to be Driven by Simple Coevolution with Its Partner Protein Bam (2006)

Surveys of nucleotide sequence polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans were performed at 2 interacting loci crucial for gametogenesis: bag-of-marbles (bam) and benign gonial cell neoplasm (bgcn). At the polymorphism level, both loci appear to be evolving under the expectations of the neutral theory. However, ratios of polymorphism and divergence for synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations depart significantly from neutral expectations for both loci consistent with a previous observation of positive selection at bam. The deviations suggest either an excess of synonymous polymorphisms or an excess of nonsynonymous fixations at both loci. Synonymous evolution appears to conform to neutrality at bam. At bgcn, there is evidence of positive selection affecting preferred synonymous mutations along the D. simulans lineage. However, there is also a significantly higher rate of nonsynonymous fixations at bgcn within D. simulans. Thus, the deviation from neutrality detected by the McDonald-Kreitman test at these 2 loci is likely due to the selective acceleration of nonsynonymous fixations. Differences in the pattern of amino acid fixations between these 2 interacting proteins suggest that the detected positive selection is not due to a simple model of coevolution.