gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Flow of Power-Law Non-Newtonian Fluids in Concentric Annuli (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Flow of Power-Law Non-Newtonian Fluids in Concentric AnnuliRichard W. Hanks and Kenneth M. LarsenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1979, 18, 1, 33–35Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160069a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i160069a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1020Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reassessing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition as a Prerequisite for Carcinoma Invasion and Metastasis (2006)

For most carcinomas, progression toward malignancy is accompanied by loss of epithelial differentiation and a shift towards a mesenchymal phenotype. This process, referred to as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), exacerbates motility and invasiveness of many cell types and is often considered a prerequisite for tumor infiltration and metastasis. However, there are numerous examples of advanced carcinomas that adopt some mesenchymal features, yet retain characteristics of well-differentiated epithelial cells. We provide a review of these reports and describe mechanisms to explain the morphologic and molecular heterogeneity and plasticity of malignant carcinoma cells, including incomplete EMT, reversion to an epithelial phenotype, and collective migration. We suggest that these mechanisms can manifest in a series of independent and reversible steps and that EMT represents just one mechanism in the global metastatic carcinoma development process.
Using automatically generated descriptions of human activity to index multi-media data (1991)

Multi-media systems capture, generate, store and render data from a variety of non-textural media-not just video. Yet compared with the world of text, only a few relatively puny mechanisms for indexing and retrieval are provided. A method for automatically indexing any timestamped data set is described. It is being studied as part of an activity to build and evaluate a system to aid human recall, called the AIR project, (activity-based information retrieval). It is being designed to help people retrieve things from 'memory' that they would otherwise find difficult or impossible to retrieve, because, for example, they would not normally keep records on the subject. This system has been called a human memory prosthesis. It exploits a suggested autobiographical model of human memory which observes that one way that humans seem to organize their memory is in episodes. The AIR project team is interested in providing mechanisms for recalling a variety of types of data ranging from electronic or paper documents, information design notes, seminars, snatches of explanations, and impromptu 'how to' tutorials.
TGF-β-induced growth inhibition in B-cell lymphoma correlates with Smad1/5 signalling and constitutively active p38 MAPK (2010)

We suggest that phosphorylation of Smad1/5 is important for the anti-proliferative effects of TGF-β in B-cell lymphoma. Alk-5 was highly expressed in the sensitive cell lines, and might be important for signalling through Smad1/5. Our results indicate a role for p38 MAPK in the regulation of TGF-β-induced anti-proliferative effects.
HpaXm from Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum is a novel harpin with two heptads for hypersensitive response (2009)

A novel harpin-like protein, HpaXm, was described from cotton leaf blight bacteria, Xanthomonas. citri subsp. malvacearum. The hpaXm was found to be localized between hrp2 and hrcC. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete amino acid sequence or solely the 13 highly conserved residues H2N-SEKQLDQLLTQLI-COOH in the N-terminal alpha-helix indicates that HpaXm is evolutionarily closer to HpaGXag and HpaXac than to Hpa1Xoo and Hpa1Xoc. A synthesized peptide containing two heptads, 39-LDQLLTQ-LIMALLQ-52, from the N-terminal alpha-helical region of HpaXm displayed a comparable activity in inducing HR, but other two synthesized derivatives, HpaXmDeltaT44C and HpaXmDeltaM48Q showed a reduced activity of HR. The data from a GST trap test revealed that HpaXm was released into the extracellular medium, hpaXm mutant deficient for the leader peptide (1-MNSLNTQIGANSSFL-15) was unable to be secreted outside cells but still induced HR in tobacco leaves.
Genetic diversity of laboratory gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica): effect of newly introduced wild-caught animals. (1992)

The colony of gray, short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, the primary supplier of this species for research purposes, was founded with nine animals trapped in 1978 in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Since 1984, 14 newly acquired founders from the state of Paraiba, Brazil have contributed to the gene pool of the colony. The animals from Paraiba and their descendants are significantly larger than the founders from Pernambuco and their descendants. The two groups also differ significantly in several measurements of morphologic traits. The changes in proportional contribution of each founder to the colony, and changes in inbreeding coefficients during the colony's history, are evaluated. Using previously established markers and three newly identified markers (ACP2, APRT, and DIA1), we show that the Paraiba-derived animals differ significantly from the original founders in allele frequencies and heterozygosity. The genetic diversity of the colony has been substantially increased by acquisition of the new founders from Paraiba. The colony is highly polymorphic, with 22.2% of loci surveyed by protein electrophoresis being variable. We conclude that the genetic differences between populations and among projects within the colony should be considered in future colony management procedures and in selection of experimental subjects.
Gamma‐retroviral vectors enveloped with an antibody and an engineered fusogenic protein achieved antigen‐specific targeting (2008)

Development of methods to engineer gamma-retroviral vectors capable of transducing target cells in a cell-specific manner could impact the future of the clinical application of gene therapy as well as the understanding of the biology of transfer gene vectors. Two molecular events are critical for controlling the entry of gamma-retroviral vectors to target cells: binding to cell-surface receptors and the subsequent fusion of viral vector membrane and cellular membrane. In this report, we evaluated a method to incorporate a membrane-bound antibody and a fusogenic molecule to provide binding and fusion functions respectively, into gamma-retroviral vectors for targeted gene delivery. An anti-CD20 antibody and a fusogenic protein derived from Sindbis virus glycoprotein could be efficiently co-displayed on the surface of viral vectors. Vectors bearing anti-CD20 antibody conferred their binding specificity to cells expressing CD20. Enhanced in vitro transduction towards CD20-expressing cells was observed for gamma-retroviral vectors displaying both an antibody and a fusogen. We found that the biological activity of the fusogen played an important role on the efficiency of such a targeting strategy and were able to engineer several mutant forms of the fusogen exhibiting elevated fusion function to improve the overall efficiency of targeted transduction. We devised an animal model to show that subcutaneous injection of such engineered vectors to the areas xenografted with target cells could achieve targeted gene delivery in vivo. Taken together, we demonstrated as proof-of-principle a flexible and modular two-molecule strategy for engineering targeting gamma-retroviral vectors.
Immunological defects in mice with a targeted disruption in Bcl-3. (1997)

The proto-oncogene bcl-3 is a member of the IkappaB family. The Bcl-3 protein is known to interact specifically with the p50 and p52 subunits of NFkappaB. However, the function of this interaction is not well understood. To determine the in vivo role of Bcl-3, mice were generated that lack the bcl-3 gene, Bcl 3(-/-). Here we report that Bcl 3(-/-) mice appear developmentally normal, but exhibit severe defects in humoral immune responses and protection from in vivo pathogenic challenges. Relative to wild-type mice, Bcl 3(-/-) mice are unable to clear L. monocytogenes and are more susceptible to infection with S. pneumoniae. This phenotype is similar to that observed in the p50(-/-) mice and the cross between the Bcl-3(-/-) and p50(-/-) mice generates animals with an enhanced phenotype. In accordance with the observed defects in their immune response, the Bcl 3(-/-) mice have normal immunoglobulin levels before and after immunization, but fail to produce antigen-specific antibodies. Additionally, spleens from Bcl-3(-/-) mice are abnormal and void of germinal centers. In contrast, the p50(-/-) mice have normal germinal centers. We propose that in in vivo, Bcl-3 can function independently of p50.
Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor-Dependent Signaling by Ig-Like Transcript 2 (ILT2/CD85j/LILRB1/LIR-1) (2005)

Inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) signal by recruitment of the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 to ITIM. In the present study, we show that, surprisingly, KIR lacking ITIM are able to signal and inhibit in the human NK cell line NK92, but not in mouse NK cells. Signaling by mutant KIR is weaker than the wild-type receptor, does not require the transmembrane or cytoplasmic tail of KIR, and is blocked by overexpression of a catalytically inactive Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 molecule. We also demonstrate that mutant KIR signaling is blocked by Abs, which disrupt the interaction between KIR and human leukocyte Ag-C or Abs, which block the interaction between Ig-like transcript 2 (ILT2) and the alpha3 domain of HLA class I molecules. Thus, although ILT2 expressed in NK92 is insufficient to signal in response to human leukocyte Ag-C alone, ILT2 can signal in a KIR-dependent manner revealing functional cooperation between receptors encoded by two distinct inhibitory receptor families.
The Suppression of Murine Lupus by a Tolerogenic Peptide Involves Foxp3-Expressing CD8 Cells That Are Required for the Optimal Induction and Function of Foxp3-Expressing CD4 Cells (2008)

A peptide, designated human CDR1 (hCDR1), that is based on the CDR1 of an anti-DNA Ab ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in murine models via the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the present study, the involvement of CD8 Tregs in the mode of action of hCDR1 was investigated in SLE-afflicted (NZB x NZW)F1 mice and in SJL mice following immunization with the lupus-inducing anti-DNA mAb that bears a common Id, 16/6Id. Treatment with hCDR1 up-regulated Foxp3-expressing CD8(+)CD28(-) Tregs in association with clinical amelioration of lupus manifestations. Furthermore, the in vivo depletion of the latter cells diminished the clinical improvement and the inhibitory effects of hCDR1 on the secretion of IFN-gamma and resulted in the up-regulation of IL-10. However, the stimulatory effect of hCDR1 on the secretion of TGF-beta was not affected by the CD8 Tregs. In the absence of CD8 Tregs, CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs were unable to expand in the hCDR1-treated mice, and the expression of Foxp3 was reduced, thereby interfering further with the suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs as determined in the in vitro assays. However, CD8 cells from hCDR1-treated mice that were adoptively transferred into SLE-afflicted mice led to up-regulation of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells with intensified Foxp3 expression in the recipient mice. Thus, a functional link between two subsets of Tregs is demonstrated in which CD8(+)CD28(-) Tregs are required for both the optimal expansion and function of lupus ameliorating hCDR1-induced CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs.
Effects of naloxone on β-endorphin during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits (2004)

AIM: To study the effects of naloxone on β -e ndorphin (β-EP) in plasma and myocardium homogenate during myo cardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. METHODS: 45 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into 5 groups (5 rabbits in contro l group, and each 10 rabbits in ischemia group, naloxone protection group, nalox one treatment group and ischemia-reperfusion group). Myocardial ischemia models and myocardial ischemia -reperfusion injury models in rabbits were made by mea ns of ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery and then i nvestigated the change of β-EP in plasma and myocardium homog enate during I/R injury after the protection and treatment with naloxone (an ant agonist of opiate receptor). The blood and myocardium homogenate were taken at d ifferent times in each group. The levels of β-EP were detected with radioimmunology method. RESULTS: The levels of β -EP in plasma began to decrease after 2 h of ischemia, which were s trikingly different to those before ischemia(P0.05), and the levels of β-EP in myocardium homogenate also decreased . Comparing with those before ischemia, the levels of β-EP increased significantly af ter I/R injury (P 0.05 or P 0.01 ), whe reas its levels began to decrease after 4 h of I/R and had no significant di fference in naloxone protection group(P 0.05 ), but the tre atment group showed no significant change(P 0.05 ). The lev els of β-EP in myocardium homogenate had no difference to thos e before ischemia in all of three groups. CONCLUSION: Naloxone m ay effectively reduce the levels of β-EP during myocardial isc hemia and I/R injury, which decrease the injury to blood vessel and myocardium.
Growth of p-type Zinc Oxide Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1997)

The growth of p-type ZnO film was realized for the first time by the simultaneous addition of NH 3 in carrier hydrogen and excess Zn in source ZnO powder. The resistivity was typically 100 Ω·cm. A model showing nitrogen incorporation suggests the possibility of realizing p-type ZnO film of low resistivity by optimizing thermal annealing.
Light-up properties of complexes between thiazole orange-small molecule conjugates and aptamers (2009)

The full understanding of dynamics of cellular processes hinges on the development of efficient and non-invasive labels for intracellular RNA species. Light-up aptamers binding fluorogenic ligands show promise as specific labels for RNA species containing those aptamers. Herein, we took advantage of existing, non-light-up aptamers against small molecules and demonstrated a new class of light-up probes in vitro. We synthesized two conjugates of thiazole orange dye to small molecules (GMP and AMP) and characterized in vitro their interactions with corresponding RNA aptamers. The conjugates preserved specific binding to aptamers while showing several 100-fold increase in fluorescence of the dye (the 'light-up' property). In the presence of free small molecules, conjugates can be displaced from aptamers serving also as fluorescent sensors. Our in vitro results provide the proof-of-concept that the small-molecule conjugates with light-up properties can serve as a general approach to label RNA sequences containing aptamers.
Review of text-to-speech conversion for English (1987)

The automatic conversion of English text to synthetic speech is presently being performed, remarkably well, by a number of laboratory systems and commercial devices. Progress in this area has been made possible by advances in linguistic theory, acoustic-phonetic characterization of English sound patterns, perceptual psychology, mathematical modeling of speech production, structured programming, and computer hardware design. This review traces the early work on the development of speech synthesizers, discovery of minimal acoustic cues for phonetic contrasts, evolution of phonemic rule programs, incorporation of prosodic rules, and formulation of techniques for text analysis. Examples of rules are used liberally to illustrate the state of the art. Many of the examples are taken from Klattalk, a text-to-speech system developed by the author. A number of scientific problems are identified that prevent current systems from achieving the goal of completely human-sounding speech. While the emphasis is on rule programs that drive a format synthesizer, alternatives such as articulatory synthesis and waveform concatenation are also reviewed. An extensive bibliography has been assembled to show both the breadth of synthesis activity and the wealth of phenomena covered by rules in the best of these programs. A recording of selected examples of the historical development of synthetic speech, enclosed as a 33 1/3-rpm record, is described in the Appendix.
Data storage and management requirements for the multimedia computer-based patient medical record (2002)

The business of healthcare management is changing rapidly, heading in the direction of managed care, capitation, and integrated delivery systems. Information management is crucial to the success and competitiveness of these new care delivery systems. A major goal of medical systems designers is to develop a model for a multimedia, computer-based patient medical record (CPR). The fundamental function of a CPR system is to record, monitor, retrieve, and analyze all events associated with an encounter between the patient and the healthcare system. Data components of the CPR include all forms of multimedia information, gathered from various departments within the institution. Users of the data will be diverse and widely distributed. The amount of digital data generated will be approximately two terabytes (TB) of information per year for a medium-sized metropolitan medical institution. Most of the data (by volume) are diagnostic radiological images. This information must remain on-line or near-line for 7-10 years, or longer in many cases. Image and other data of the CPR will be stored as self-defining information objects in a data repository (DR). The DR will be comprised of distributed storage subsystems and a high-level communications interface. Mass storage subsystems and information management systems being developed now will be core technologies of the DR and the CPR.
Activation of the Inflammatory Response System in Autism (2002)

These results suggest that autism may be accompanied by an activation of the monocytic (increased IL-1RA) and Th-1-like (increased IFN-gamma) arm of the IRS. It is hypothesized that increased production of proinflammatory cytokines could play a role in the pathophysiology of autism.
The use of immune-stimulants in fish and shellfish feeds (2000)

Immune-stimulants are chemical substances which activate white blood cells(leukocytes). Such substances may also, but not necessarily, render animals more resistant to infectiousdiseases and reduce the risk of disease outbreaks if administrated prior to situations known to result instress and impaired general performance (e.g. handling, change of temperature and environment,weaning of larvae to artificial feeds) or prior to expected increase in exposure to pathogenic microorganismsand parasites (e.g. spring and autumn blooms in the marine environment, high stockingdensity). In addition, aquaculture may benefit from the use of such immune-stimulants when they areused prior to, and during, developmental phases when the organisms are particularly susceptible toinfectious agents (e.g. the larvae phase of shrimp and marine fish, smoltification in salmon, sexualmaturation). Immune-stimulants may act in synergy with antibiotics and their effects may be enhancedby nutritional factors (e.g. vit. C, selenium), but there is no nutritional factor which on its own can bedefined as an immune-stimulant. Compounds with highly diverse chemical structures have been shownto stimulate white blood cells in vitro, but the majority of such compounds have no relevance forpractical use, due to high toxicity, obscure mode of action and unpredictable effects under farmingconditions. The most promising group of immune-stimulants are the b-1,3/1,6-glucans, because theyhave a well-defined chemical structure and mode of action on the immune system, described in a greatnumber of scientific papers. In addition, b-1,3/1,6-glucans are non-toxic universal “alarm signals”which activate the immune system by the same basic mechanism in all animal groups, from the simplestinvertebrates to man. b-1,3/1,6-Glucans are active not only when injected, but also when administered inthe feed, or on mucosal surfaces. The paper will present data on such effects with reference mainly toexperience from fish and shellfish farming, and discuss how a high-molecular substance, which is nottaken up into the body fluids, can induce a systemic effect.
Selective local lysis and sampling of live cells for nucleic acid analysis using a microfluidic probe (2016)

Heterogeneity is inherent to biology, thus it is imperative to realize methods capable of obtaining spatially-resolved genomic and transcriptomic profiles of heterogeneous biological samples. Here, we present a new method for local lysis of live adherent cells for nucleic acid analyses. This method addresses bottlenecks in current approaches, such as dilution of analytes, one-sample-one-test, and incompatibility to adherent cells. We make use of a scanning probe technology - a microfluidic probe - and implement hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hHFC) to localize multiple biochemicals on a biological substrate in a non-contact, non-destructive manner. hHFC enables rapid recovery of nucleic acids by coupling cell lysis and lysate collection. We locally lysed ~300 cells with chemical systems adapted for DNA or RNA and obtained lysates of ~70 cells/μL for DNA analysis and ~15 cells/μL for mRNA analysis. The lysates were introduced into PCR-based workflows for genomic and transcriptomic analysis. This strategy further enabled selective local lysis of subpopulations in a co-culture of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, validated by characteristic E-cadherin gene expression in individually extracted cell types. The developed strategy can be applied to study cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions locally, with implications in understanding growth, progression and drug response of a tumor.