gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive high and low impedance fault detection method (1994)

An integrated high impedance fault (HIF) and low impedance fault (LIF) detection method is proposed in his paper. For a HIF detection, the proposed technique is based on a number of characteristics of the HIF current. These characteristics are: fault current magnitude; magnitude of the 3rd harmonic current; magnitude of the 5th harmonic current; the angle of the third harmonic current; the angle difference between the third harmonics current and the fundamental voltage; and the negative sequence current of HIF. These characteristics are identified by modeling the distribution feeders in EMTP. Apart from these characteristics, the above ambient (average) negative sequence current is also considered. An adjustable block out region around the average load current is provided. The average load current is calculated at every 18000 cycles (5 minutes) interval. This adaptive feature will not only make the proposed scheme more sensitive to low fault current, but it will also prevent the relay from tripping during the normal load current. In this paper, the logic circuit required for implementing the proposed HIF detection method is also included. With minimal modifications, the logic developed for the HIF detection can be applied to low impedance fault detection. A complete logic circuit which detects both the HIF and LIF is proposed. Using this combined logic, the need of installing separate devices for HIF and LIF detection can be eliminated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diagnosis and Management of Castleman Disease (2014)

UCD and MCD constitute uncommon but well-defined clinicopathologic entities. Although UCD is typically well controlled with local therapy, MCD continues to pose formidable challenges in management. We address historical chemotherapy-based approaches to this disease as well as recently developed targeted therapies, including rituximab and siltuximab, that have improved the outcome for newly diagnosed patients. Ongoing research into the management of MCD is needed.
Design of a three degree of freedom force-reflecting haptic interface (1993)

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1993.
Multiplex Genotyping of Cytochrome P450 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms by Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2007)

The SPC-SBE method provides an efficient means for genotyping SNPs from the CYP450 family. This approach is suitable for automation and can be extended to other genotyping applications.
Highly Aggregated Antibody Therapeutics Can Enhance the in Vitro Innate and Late-stage T-cell Immune Responses (2012)

Aggregation of biotherapeutics has the potential to induce an immunogenic response. Here, we show that aggregated therapeutic antibodies, previously generated and determined to contain a variety of attributes (Joubert, M. K., Luo, Q., Nashed-Samuel, Y., Wypych, J., and Narhi, L. O. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 25118-25133), can enhance the in vitro innate immune response of a population of naive human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This response depended on the aggregate type, inherent immunogenicity of the monomer, and donor responsiveness, and required a high number of particles, well above that detected in marketed drug products, at least in this in vitro system. We propose a cytokine signature as a potential biomarker of the in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to aggregates. The cytokines include IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MMP-2, and TNF-α. IL-6 and IL-10 might have an immunosuppressive effect on the long term immune response. Aggregates made by stirring induced the highest response compared with aggregates made by other methods. Particle size in the 2-10 μm range and the retention of some folded structure were associated with an increased response. The mechanism of aggregate activation at the innate phase was found to occur through specific cell surface receptors (the toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4, FcγRs, and the complement system). The innate signal was shown to progress to an adaptive T-cell response characterized by T-cell proliferation and secretion of T-cell cytokines. Investigating the ability of aggregates to induce cytokine signatures as biomarkers of immune responses is essential for determining their risk of immunogenicity.
The Annotated Cordas (1993)

Cordas v. Peerless Transportation Company appears as a principal case in at least two casebooks on the of Torts, and as a note case in at least three others.
In Pursuit of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells (2007)

Abstract : Recently, various human tumors have been shown to contain cancer stem cells. These cells, although rare, appear to be the only cells that can regenerate tumor and mediate metastasis. Therefore, these rare cancer stem cells may be the only cells that actually matter to a tumor and to therapeutic interventions. Of great interest, these putative cancer stem cells preferentially express markers that are expressed on normal stem/progenitor cells. Prostate cancer (PCa) stem cells have not been definitively identified. Recently, I identified several populations of PCa stem/progenitor cells with different tumorigenicities and primitiveness in human PCa xenografts and cell lines. In this study, we seek to reevaluate the relevancy of my findings in human PCa samples. At present, we have worked with 25 human PCa samples of varying Gleason grades to set up tumorigenicity assays to test tumorigenic potential of CD133 and CD44-positive cells. Importantly, we have performed our homework in terms of fine-tuning conditions to give us prostatospheres and establish primary xenografts in order to carry out our proposed experiments. Preliminary in vitro experiments indicate that CD133 could mark self-renewing PCa stem-like cells in primary PCa samples. We currently have a number of tumorigenicity experiments in incubation and expect to obtain a readout within the next couple of months. We also expect to begin studies on the invasive and metastatic potentials of the populations sorted for our markers of interest in the near future.
TRANSITING THE SUN: THE IMPACT OF STELLAR ACTIVITY ON X-RAY AND ULTRAVIOLET TRANSITS (2015)

Transits of hot Jupiters in X-rays and the ultraviolet have been shown to be both deeper and more variable than the corresponding optical transits. This variability has been attributed to hot Jupiters having extended atmospheres at these wavelengths. Using resolved images of the Sun from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory spanning 3.5 yr of Solar Cycle 24 we simulate transit light curves of a hot Jupiter to investigate the impact of Solar-like activity on our ability to reliably recover properties of the planet's atmosphere in soft X-rays (94 ), the UV (131-1700 ), and the optical (4500 ). We find that for stars with activity levels similar to those of the Sun, the impact of stellar activity results in underestimating the derived radius of the planet in soft X-ray/EUV by up-to 25% or overestimating it by up to 50% depending on whether the planet occults active regions. We also find that in up to 70% of the X-ray light curves the planet transits over bright starspots. In the far-ultraviolet (1600 and 1700 ), we find the mean recovered value of R R * p to be over-estimated by up to 20%. For optical transits we are able to consistently recover the correct planetary radius. We also address the implications of our results for transits of WASP-12 b and HD 189733b at short wavelengths.
Affinity maturation and fine functional mapping of an antibody fragment against a novel neutralizing epitope on human vascular endothelial growth factor (2013)

We have previously reported the isolation of a novel single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), from a phage-displayed human antibody repertoire. This scFv, denominated 2H1, was shown to block the binding of VEGF to its receptor but exhibited a moderate binding affinity. Here, we describe the affinity maturation of the 2H1 scFv. Two phage-displayed libraries were constructed by diversification of the third complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the light (VL) and heavy (VH) chain variable domains of 2H1 using parsimonious mutagenesis. A competitive phage-selection strategy in the presence of the parental scFv as a competitor was used to eliminate low affinity binders. High affinity variants were retrieved from both libraries. An optimized VL variant was designed and constructed by combining recurrent replacements found among selected variants in a single molecule, resulting in an additional affinity increase. Further affinity improvements were achieved by combining this optimized VL with the best VH variants. The final variant obtained here, L3H6, showed an overall affinity improvement of 18-fold over the parental scFv and exhibited an enhanced potency to block the binding of VEGF to its receptor. Using phage display and extensive mutagenesis of VEGF, we determined the fine specificity of L3H6. This functional mapping revealed a novel neutralizing epitope on human VEGF defined by the residues Y25, T71, E72, N100, K101, E103 and R105. The conformational epitope recognized by L3H6 was recapitulated by grafting human VEGF residues into the mouse molecule, providing further confirmation of the nature of the identified epitope.
Encapsulation of Curcumin in Cationic Micelles Suppresses Alkaline Hydrolysis (2008)

The alkaline hydrolysis of curcumin was studied in three types of micelles composed of the cationic surfactants cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). At pH 13, curcumin undergoes rapid degradation by alkaline hydrolysis in the SDS micellar solution. In contrast, alkaline hydrolysis of curcumin is greatly suppressed in the presence of either CTAB or DTAB micelles, with a yield of suppression close to 90%. The results from fluorescence spectroscopic studies reveal that while curcumin remains encapsulated in CTAB and DTAB micelles at pH 13, curcumin is dissociated from the SDS micelles to the aqueous phase at this pH. The absence of encapsulation and stabilization in the SDS micellar solution results in rapid hydrolysis of curcumin.
Platinum(II)-catalyzed hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and triphosphate: phosphorus-31 NMR characterization of kinetic intermediates (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlatinum(II)-catalyzed hydrolysis of pyrophosphate and triphosphate: phosphorus-31 NMR characterization of kinetic intermediatesRathindra N. Bose, Richard D. Cornelius, and Ronald E. ViolaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 9, 1181–1182Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00177a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00177a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adamantane derivatives containing heterocyclic substituents in the bridgehead positions. Synthesis and properties (1996)

Data on the synthesis, transformations, and applications of adamantane derivatives containing heterocyclic substituents in the bridgehead positions are surveyed, described systematically, and analysed. The bibliography includes 202 references.
Prevention of Episodic Migraine with AMG 334, a Human Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Monoclonal Antibody: Phase 2 Study Results and 52-Week Analysis of Open-Label Extension (S26.002) (2016)

Objective:To evaluate long-term prevention of episodic migraine with AMG334, a human anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody. Background:CGRP plays a major role in migraine pathogenesis. Methods:Double-blind phase 2 study (NCT01952574) randomized adults (N=483) with episodic migraine to monthly subcutaneous injections of AMG334 (7-mg, 21-mg, or 70-mg) or placebo (2:2:2:3). Primary endpoint (change from baseline in monthly migraine days) and secondary endpoints (50[percnt] responder rate and change in monthly migraine attacks) were assessed at Week 12. After completing the double blind phase (12-week), patients could continue in an open-label extension (OLE) to receive 70-mg AMG334 up to 5 years. This interim analysis is based on available efficacy data up to week 52 from the ongoing OLE and safety data up to Week 76. Results:Baseline mean (SD) monthly migraine days was 8.7 (2.7). At Week 12, reductions from baseline in monthly migraine days were significantly greater with 70-mg AMG334 than placebo (-3.40 vs -2.28; p=0.021), but not with lower AMG334 doses (p>0.05). Responder rates (50[percnt]) were significantly higher with 70-mg AMG334 than placebo (47[percnt] vs 30[percnt]; p=0.011). Changes in monthly migraine attacks were not statistically significant from placebo. Of 395 eligible patients, 383 entered the OLE. At data cutoff, median exposure was 34.1 weeks. During the OLE, further reductions from baseline in mean monthly migraine days were sustained for at least 52 weeks. At Week 52, 62[percnt], 38[percnt] and 19[percnt] of patients experienced ≥50[percnt], ≥75[percnt], and 100[percnt] reduction from baseline in migraine days, respectively . There were no major safety findings during the double-blind phase; tolerability was similar between AMG334 and placebo. No new safety signals were identified during the OLE. Conclusions:AMG334 70-mg demonstrated sustained efficacy in prevention of episodic migraine. The safety/tolerability profile of AMG334 in this phase 2 study supports continued development.
Simultaneous monitoring of DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis in a multiplexed array of 100 capillaries (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous monitoring of DNA fragments separated by electrophoresis in a multiplexed array of 100 capillariesKyoji. Ueno and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 9, 1424–1431Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00081a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00081a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vaccines Based on Novel Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Elicit Aberrant CD8+T-Cell Responses in Mice (2007)

We recently discovered an expanded family of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that show promise as improved gene therapy vectors. In this study we evaluated the potential of vectors based on several of these novel AAVs as vaccine carriers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag. Studies with mice indicated that vectors based on AAV type 7 (AAV7), AAV8, and AAV9 demonstrate improved immunogenicity in terms of Gag CD8(+) T-cell and Gag antibody responses. The quality of these antigen-specific responses was evaluated in detail for AAV2/8 vectors and compared to results with an adenovirus vector expressing Gag (AdC7). AAV2/8 produced a vibrant CD8(+) T-cell effector response characterized by coexpression of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha as well as in vivo cytolytic activity. No CD8(+) T-cell response generated by any of the AAVs was effectively boosted with AdC7, a result consistent with the finding of a relative lack of cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2) or a central memory phenotype at 3 months after the prime. The primary response to an AdC7 vaccine differed from that generated by AAVs in that the peak effector response evolved into populations of Gag-specific T cells expressing high levels of cytokines, including IL-2, and with effector memory and central memory phenotypes. A number of mechanisms could be considered to explain the aberrant activation of CD8(+) T cells by AAV, including insufficient inflammatory responses, CD4 help, and/or chronic antigen expression and T-cell exhaustion. Interestingly, the B-cell response to AAV-encoded Gag was quite vibrant and easily boosted with AdC7.
The Cellular Origins of the Outer Retinal Bands in Optical Coherence Tomography Images (2014)

On the basis of these findings, we suggest that ascription of the outer retinal band 2 to the inner segment ellipsoid is unjustified, because the ellipsoid is both too thick and proximally located to produce the band.
Cytotoxic T cell responses to multiple conserved HIV epitopes in HIV-resistant prostitutes in Nairobi. (1998)

Many people who remain persistently seronegative despite frequent HIV exposure have HIV-specific immune responses. The study of these may provide information about mechanisms of natural protective immunity to HIV-1. We describe the specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HIV in seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi who are apparently resistant to HIV infection. These women have had frequent exposure to a range of African HIV-1 variants, primarily clades A, C, and D, for up to 12 yr without becoming infected. Nearly half of them have CTL directed towards epitopes previously defined for B clade virus, which are largely conserved in the A and D clade sequences. Stronger responses are frequently elicited using the A or D clade version of an epitope to stimulate CTL, suggesting that they were originally primed by exposure to these virus strains. CTL responses have been defined to novel epitopes presented by HLA class I molecules associated with resistance to infection in the cohort, HLA-A*6802 and HLA-B18. Estimates using a modified interferon-gamma Elispot assay indicate a circulating frequency of CTL to individual epitopes of between 1:3,200 and 1:50,000. Thus, HIV-specific immune responses-particularly cross-clade CTL activity- may be responsible for protection against persistent HIV infection in these African women.
Melatonin in humans physiological and clinical studies. (1978)

Studies are reported of the variation of melatonin in serum, plasma urine and cerebrospinal fluid in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases. The diurnal variation of plasma and urine melatonin found in healthy controls on a regular dark-sleep pattern persisted when the subjects slept in light. The effect of sleep deprivation and of rapid light exposure at night is reported. There was a correlation between melatonin in morning urine and plasma at 2 a.m. Four hours of extended darkness in the morning as well as a 9-hour shift of sleep and activity cycles following travel affected the melatonin rhythm. The night increase in plasma melatonin preceeded both the cortisol and prolactin rise. A single oral dose of 4.3 X 10(5) nmol of melatonin given to a 44-year-old healthy male gave a peak plasma value of 624 nmol/l after 30 min. Plasma melatonin was not affected by electroconvulsive therapy, TRH-injection, L-Dopa or bromoergocryptine orally. Patients with alcoholism, migraine, postoperative pinealoma, panhypopituitarism, hereditary dystonia and schizophrenics on propranolol exhibited a decreased amplitude of their diurnal rhythm of melatonin. Two patients with pituitary tumors had occasional high levels of plasma melatonin. The change in melatonin secretion in human is apparently controlled by a mechanism which is at least party influenced by environmental lighting conditions, drugs and different disease states.
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery is an important risk factor for postoperative surgical site infection: A prospective randomised study (2013)

Nasal S. aureus carriage is an important risk factor for SSI in MMS, conferring an over threefold increase in SSI risk. A pre-operative nasal swab provides a simple and effective risk stratification tool. The use of a topical decolonisation regimen reduces the infection rate in carriers to a level approaching non-carriers without exposure to systemic antibiotics.
Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA expression in primary lung cancer. (1996)

The expression of mRNAs for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined in 42 cases of primary lung cancer tissues (18 adenocarcinomas, 18 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 large cell carcinomas, 3 small cell carcinomas, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma) and 4 human lung cancer cell lines. As seen by reverse transcription-PCR analysis, VEGF mRNAs were expressed predominantly as transcripts for the secretory forms of VEGF (VEGF121 and VEGF165), both in resected lung cancer tissues and in human lung cancer cell lines. The positive ratios of VEGF mRNA according to pathological type were 66.7% (12 of 18) in adenocarcinoma, 72.2% (13 of 18) in squamous cell carcinoma, 100% (2 of 2) in large cell carcinoma, and 67% (2 of 3) in small cell carcinoma. The relative antigen levels of VEGF detected by immunohistochemical examination almost coincided with the relative VEGF mRNA expression levels. Also, we examined the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the same tumor specimens. However, no significant correlation was found between the VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA expression levels. We assessed the relationship between the VEGF121 mRNA expression level and the survival period in patients (n = 17) who underwent a curative operation at stage I of the disease. The median survival of the VEGF high-expression group was 8 months, and that of the VEGF low-expression group was 151 months. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of the high-expression group (n = 6) were 50.0% and 16.7%, respectively. On the other hand, those of the low expression group (n = 11) were 90.9% and 77.9%, respectively. The difference in survival between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). Among eight cases of long-term survival beyond 5 years, seven cases had low or no VEGF121 mRNA expression. In contrast, among 18 cases with VEGF121 mRNA overexpression, 17 cases died due to recurrence. As a marker of tumor angiogenesis, the VEGF121 mRNA expression level may be a significant prognostic indicator of lung cancers in early stages.