gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enniatin Production byFusarium tricinctumand its Effect on Germinating Wheat Seeds (1987)

Fusarium tricinctum strains isolated from winter wheat with symptoms of crown and root rot, English ivy with leaf spot, apparently healthy red clover root, or pasture soil produced enniatins. Although enniatins are metabolites of at least five other species in the genus, this is the first report of their production by F. tricinctum. Analysis by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry of extracts from 13 isolates showed that 10 of them were positive for enniatin with concentrations ranging from about 3 to 3.270 .mu.g/g of corn substrate. When enniatin (10-80 .mu.g/ml) was added to the solution in which wheat seeds were germinated, growth reduction of the developing seeds was directly related to the concenrated of enniatin, with root elongation being inhibited more than leaf development.
Microbial approach to the practical monofluorinated chiral synthons (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial approach to the practical monofluorinated chiral synthonsTomoya Kitazume, Takehiko Sato, Tadashi Kobayashi, and Jenq Tain LinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 7, 1003–1006Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00357a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00357a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An analysis of naming conventions for distributed computer systems (1984)

Name servers that collectively manage a global name space facilitate sharing of resources in a large internetwork by providing means of locating named objects. The efficiency with which the name space can be managed is strongly influenced by the adopted naming convention. Structured name spaces are shown to simplify name space management from both an administrative and system viewpoint. Formulae have been derived which allow one to quantitatively measure the effect of the distributed name server configuration on a given client's level of performance. In general, the cost of a name server query can be reduced by distributing replicated copies of name server database entries in a way that exploits the locality of clients' reference patterns.
System reconfiguration and service restoration of primary distribution systems augmented by capacitors using a new level-wise approach (2011)

Ensuring continuous, economical and quality power supply to customers is the primary objective of suppliers. This implies quick restoration of supply in case of faults, to maximum possible load in minimum time with minimum loss. Power quality and network loss can be improved by providing reactive power compensation using capacitors. This paper proposes a new method for system reconfiguration and fault restoration of a distribution network. The approach is applicable to both single and multiple fault cases. The hierarchy of the methodology is downward from the feeder to the bus level. Additionally, an iterative method is proposed for evaluating capacitor size and location by calculating the loss sensitivity index (LSI) of the buses. Compensation is provided to the initial network. Faults are then simulated and the effect of the existing compensation after fault restoration using the proposed method is studied. Later, a new compensation scheme is derived by altering the original scheme. Suitable compensation solution can be decided based on either minimum loss or cost restraints. The proposed method is applied to a 44-bus distribution network of R. K. Nagar, KPTCL, Karnataka, India. Comparison of the network parameters and results after fault restoration without compensation, with initial compensation and after applying the new compensation scheme shows the method is very effective in responding to faults, in practical time periods.

	 

	Key words: Single fault, multiple faults, feeder fault, network line fault, reconfiguration, supply restoration, load shedding, capacitor placement
On the distinctive features of gain coupled DFB lasers and DFB lasers with second-order grating (1993)

The two types of distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers with gain coupling, i.e., true gain coupled lasers (with either a gain or loss grating) and second-order index coupled lasers, are shown to be equivalent mathematically and to some extent also physically. The operation of these DFB lasers, partly based on the overlap of the standing wave pattern in the optical power density with the periodic gain/loss variation, is addressed. It is shown in detail how this special feature leads to important modifications in the expressions for the modal loss or threshold gain, the threshold gain difference, the efficiency and the linewidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of lectin to detect the sugar components of maize root cap slime. (1979)

Free accessAbstractFirst published April 1979Use of lectin to detect the sugar components of maize root cap slime.M Rougier, C Kieda, and M MonsignyVolume 27, Issue 4https://doi.org/10.1177/27.4.448062
The breast cancer-associated MUC1 gene generates both a receptor and its cognate binding protein. (1999)

MUC1 proteins, some of which contain a mucin-like domain and others lacking this region, can be generated from the human breast cancer-associated MUC1 gene by alternative splicing. The MUC1/Y isoform is devoid of the mucin domain and is a cell membrane protein that undergoes transphosphorylation on both serine and tyrosine residues. We have identified cognate binding proteins that specifically interact with the extracellular domain of MUC1/Y. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses clearly revealed the presence of complexes composed of MUC1/Y and its cognate binding proteins in primary breast tumor tissue. MUC1/Y-expressing mammary tumor cells can be specifically targeted, in vivo, with the labeled cognate binding protein. The k(D) of MUC1/Y for its binding proteins was estimated as 1.2 nM. The MUC1/Y binding proteins are also derived from the MUC1 gene and represent the secreted mucin-like polymorphic MUC1 proteins MUC1/SEC and MUC1/REP, which contain a tandem repeat array. Whereas nonposttranslationally modified MUC1/Y bound efficiently to MUC1/SEC, the latter mucin-like protein had to be posttranslationally modified in a cell-type specific manner to bind MUC1/Y. The interaction of MUC1/Y with MUC1/SEC has important biological functional correlates: (a) it induces MUC1/Y phosphorylation; and (b) it has a pronounced effect on cell morphology. These findings suggest that MUC1/Y and MUC1/SEC form an active receptor/ cognate binding protein complex that can elicit cellular responses. The proteins comprising this complex are, thus, generated by alternative splicing from one and the same gene, namely the MUC1 gene.
The hNT Human Neuronal Cell Line Survives and Migrates into Rat Retina (1998)

The present studies were undertaken to determine if hNT cells can survive in the vitreous of the eye and migrate into the retina. The hNT neuronal cell line represents a uniform source of human tissue that may be of use in retinal grafts. hNT cells stored in liquid nitrogen were thawed and labeled with the fluorescent dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiI). Thirty thousand cells in 1 μL were injected epiretinally in rat. At survival times of 3, 14, 28, or 56 days, retinal sections were examined quantitatively by epifluorescence to reveal DiI-labeled cells. hNT cells survived in the vitreous at all time points without evidence of vascularization. At 3 days, essentially no hNT cells were found in deep retina, and only very few were attached to retina. At days 14, 28, and 56, hNT cells were found to cluster on the vitreal/retinal interface, and in deeper layers. The clusters of hNT cells took on the shape of a funnel at 14 days, and inverted funnel at 28 days, and by 56 days, populated the photoreceptor layer as a stratum. It is possible that hNT cells took on the morphology and function of photoreceptors. These results suggest that hNT cells injected epiretinally survive in the vitreous at least 56 days, migrate to the retinal/vitreous interface, and may migrate through the retina. This system permits the independent and quantitative evaluation of survival and migratory trophic responses. © 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
Novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors (2011)

the utility of MEK inhibitors as anticancer agents will depend on careful patient selection based on the presence of mutations in genes such as KRAS and BRAF, the identification of additional predictive biomarkers, and an improved understanding of the benefit of drug combinations utilizing both established and emerging therapeutics.
Microwave Fixation of Fetal Specimens (1977)

Ethanol allows the skeleton of fetuses to be processed rapidly but fixes tissues incompletely. Formalin, on the other hand, preserves tissues well but retards maceration, thereby extending the time between sacrifice and skeletal examination.
Therapeutic Effects of Anti-FGF23 Antibodies in Hypophosphatemic Rickets/Osteomalacia (2009)

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), characterized by renal phosphate wasting, is the most common cause of vitamin D-resistant rickets. It has been postulated that some phosphaturic factor plays a causative role in XLH and its murine homolog, the Hyp mouse. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a physiological phosphaturic factor; its circulatory level is known to be high in most patients with XLH and Hyp mice, suggesting its pathophysiological role in this disease. To test this hypothesis, we treated Hyp mice with anti-FGF23 antibodies to inhibit endogenous FGF23 action. A single injection of the antibodies corrected the hypophosphatemia and inappropriately normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. These effects were accompanied by increased expressions of type IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D-1alpha-hydroxylase and a suppressed expression of 24-hydroxylase in the kidney. Repeated injections during the growth period ameliorated the rachitic bone phenotypes typically observed in Hyp mice, such as impaired longitudinal elongation, defective mineralization, and abnormal cartilage development. Thus, these results indicate that excess actions of FGF23 underlie hypophosphatemic rickets in Hyp mice and suggest a novel therapeutic potential of the FGF23 antibodies for XLH.
In vivo effects of adrenocorticotrophin on the expression of the hamster steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (1998)

In this study, we report the cDNA cloning of hamster adrenal steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and the effect of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) on its expression in vivo. A hamster adrenal cDNA library was screened using an 852 bp fragment obtained by polymerase chain reaction; this fragment corresponds to the entire coding sequence (CDS) of the hamster adrenal StAR cDNA. Ten clones of different lengths were isolated and sequenced. The longest clone was 1564 bp and contained 34 bp in the 5'-untranslated region, 852 bp in the CDS, and 678 bp in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Two polyadenylation signal sequences were found in the 3'-UTR. The CDS of the ten isolated clones was identical, but six of these lacked the last 132 nucleotides in the 3'-UTR, thus indicating that they had used the first polyadenylation signal. The hamster StAR protein contains 284 amino acid residues, and is 91.9% homologous to mouse, 90.5% to rat, 86.4% to human, 85% to porcine, and 82.5% to bovine StAR protein. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of only one StAR gene in the hamster genome. Northern blotting analysis revealed the presence of the StAR mRNA in male and female steroidogenic tissues, namely adrenals and gonads, but not in the liver or in the kidneys of either sex. Three mRNA species of 1.7, 3.1 and 5.3 kb were found in whole hamster adrenals. Administration of ACTH to hamsters provoked increases (two- to threefold) in the adrenal content of the StAR mRNA within 1 h in vivo. Western blotting analysis on adrenal mitochondria showed that the level of StAR protein was also significantly elevated (1.5-fold) 1 h after ACTH treatment.
A novel murine model for the assessment of human CD2-related reagents in vivo (1996)

CD2 is a T cell surface glycoprotein that mediates both cell-cell adhesion and transmembrane signal transduction. To construct a model for the in vivo evaluation of human (h)CD2 function and hCD2-related reagents, hCD2 transgenic mice and murine (m)CD2 knockout mice were crossed, and the F2 generation selected for mCD2-hCD2+ animals by fluorescent flow cytometry. The mCD2-hCD2+ mice are healthy and have a normal distribution of mCD3, mCD4, and mCD8 in thymus, spleen, and lymph node. Therefore expression of the hCD2 transgene does not appear to disrupt normal T cell development. The functionality of hCD2 was demonstrated by T lymphocyte proliferation upon stimulation by combined anti-CD2 plus anti-CD2R (anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3)) mAbs. Anti-T11(2) plus anti-T11(3) anti-human CD2 mAbs also induced proliferation of mCD2+hCD2+ F1 lymphocytes, but not mCD2+hCD2- wild-type murine lymphocytes. Either an anti-murine or the human CD2 specific (anti-T11(1)) mAbs inhibited proliferation in alloantigen, PHA, or anti-CD3 mAb stimulated cultures and inhibited only cells bearing the appropriate cognate CD2. In vivo studies of immune function yielded results consistent with these in vitro assays. Thus, anti-T11(1) mAb suppressed contact sensitivity in vivo in the transgenic/knockout mice. mCD2-hCD2+ mice treated with anti-T11(1) or LFA-3 fusion proteins also showed significant prolongation of cardiac allograft survival. This prolongation was associated both with depletion and down-modulation of CD2 on remaining T cells. These data suggest that the transgenic/knockout mice provide a useful in vivo model for the assessment of hCD2-related reagents and CD2 function, free from any potential interactions with mCD2 and mCD2 ligands.
Effects of proteinase inhibitors on adenylate cyclase (1980)

The effects of a number of proteinase inhibitors on rat ovarian and rat hepatic adenylate cyclase preparations were examined. N alpha-tosylarginine methyl ester, 7-amino-1-chloro-3-L-tosylamidoheptan-2-one, 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-L-tosylamidobutan-2-one, 1-chloro-4-methyl-3-L-tosylamidopentan-2-one and other low-molecular-weight proteinase inhibitors blocked hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase from either source with hepatic preparations requiring higher concentrations. Addition of nucleotides (ATP, GTP, GDP, CTP or ITP) to inhibited ovarian preparations did not reverse inhibition, nor did dithiothreitol reverse phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride-inhibited ovarian adenylate cyclase. The kinetics of the inhibition of rat ovarian adenylate cyclase were examined by following the production of cyclic AMP after the addition of inhibitors to membrane preparations preincubated under assay conditions with human choriogonadotropin, guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate of NaF. 7-Amino-1-chloro-3-L-tosylamidoheptan-2-one, 1-chloro-4-phenyl-3-L-tosylamidobutan-2-one and 1-chloro-4-methyl-3-L-tosylamidopentan-2-one had two effects on human-choriogonadotropin-stimulated adenylate cyclase. At low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.2 mM) there was an irreversible inhibition of hormonally-stimulated cyclase with maximum first-order inhibitory rate constants of 0.05--0.08 min-1. At higher concentrations the irreversible effect persisted, but, in addition, there was a marked decrease in the cyclase initial velocity to 25--50% of that of control values. N alpha-tosylarginine methyl ester had similar effects; at low concentrations (less than or equal to 2 mM) it inhibited irreversibly, and at higher concentrations it decreased the initial velocity (50% at 10 mM). At high concentrations (greater than 3 mM) N alpha-tosylarginine methyl ester also inhibited NaF- and guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imidol]-triphosphate-stimulated cyclase but in a reversible manner. 7-Amino-1-chloro-3-L-tosylamidoheptan-2-one inhibited NaF-stimulated adenylate cyclase in two ways, as for human-choriogonadotropin-stimulated adenylate cyclase, but required 10--20-fold higher concentrations. The low-concentration irreversible effect can be explained by a continual inactive in equilibrium active conversion of adenylate cyclase during hormonal stimulation in which the inactive to active conversion is blocked by the inhibitors. The high-concentration effect is a direct one on the active catalytic moiety of the enzyme.
1,2,3-triazole[4,5-d]pyridazines--IV. Preparation and adenosine receptor binding of new 4 and/or 7 aminoderivatives. (1995)

This paper reports the continuation of the studies on the 4-aminosubstituted 1,2,3-triazole[4,5-d]pyridazine derivatives which had shown binding affinity towards adenosine receptors. Biological results confirmed the greater activity of a benzyl substituent in the 1 position and the receptorial stereoselectivity related to the higher and more selective A1 affinity of the 4-D(+)-alpha-methylbenzylamino enantiomer 1b. The 4-phenylhydrazino substituent has shown an interesting binding activity about equipotent towards A1 and A2 receptorial sites. A surprisingly elevated A1 affinity (Ki = 7 nM), 440 fold higher than A2 affinity, is presented by compound 1d, bearing a m-toluidino substituent.
Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells as an effective cell source for transplantation therapy in stroke (2015)

This review examines stem cells harvested from human amniotic fluid and considers their possible applications in regenerative medicine, specifically for stroke therapy. Providing an early-stage, highly differentiable source of mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid shows the potential to be effective in the development of future stem cell-based transplantation. This paper underscores the importance of pursuing amniotic fluid as a stem cell source in stroke therapy, citing both the characteristics and the demonstrated functional benefits of these cells in animal models. Additional research is required to discover the full range of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells' (AFSCs) applications but these cells have thus far demonstrated the ability to be applied to a wide array of existing and future treatment methods. Both amniotic fluid- and amnion membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) have their merits, and this assessment will accordingly provide a comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of both cell sources.
Fold surface of polyethylene single crystals as assessed by selective degradation studies. II. Refinements of the nitric acid degradation method (1971)

Abstract Detailed critical examinations of three aspects of nitric acid treatment of polyethylene are reported. (1) The endgroups introduced by the nitric acid are examined. It is concluded that in samples degraded to a single‐crystal traverse stage, carboxyl features only as endgroup, and conversely each chain‐end is terminated by such a group. Consequently, the carboxyl content can be used for quantitative characterization of the cut chain length. The function and position of the nitro group remains unexplained. (2) The morphological selectivity of the nitric acid‐induced degradation is scrutinized. It is concluded that the crystal core is attacked and thinned by the acid; the slowing down of the reaction is principally due to accumulation of reaction products. Accordingly, the usual distinction between a vulnerable amorphous layer and a resistant crystal core is not justified on the basis of such degradation experiments. It follows that meaningful structural information is obtained only when the relevant crystal properties are studied as a function of chain cutting, assessed from the molecular weight distribution (GPC), as opposed to that of degradation time alone. (3) The role of sample consistency and reagent strength has been examined. It is demonstrated that for the reaction to be sufficiently uniform throughout the sample for the results to be meaningful, the reaction rate has to be slow compared to the rate at which the reagent diffuses into the specimen. To realize these conditions, finely dispersed samples and weak reagents were found to be favorable
Light regulation of type IV pilus-dependent motility by chemosensor-like elements in Synechocystis PCC6803 (2001)

To optimize photosynthesis, cyanobacteria move toward or away from a light source by a process known as phototaxis. Phototactic movement of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 is a surface-dependent phenomenon that requires type IV pili, cellular appendages implicated in twitching and social motility in a range of bacteria. To elucidate regulation of cyanobacterial motility, we generated transposon-tagged mutants with aberrant phototaxis; mutants were either nonmotile or exhibited an "inverted motility response" (negative phototaxis) relative to wild-type cells. Several mutants contained transposons in genes similar to those involved in bacterial chemotaxis. Synechocystis PCC6803 has three loci with chemotaxis-like genes, of which two, Tax1 and Tax3, are involved in phototaxis. Transposons interrupting the Tax1 locus yielded mutants that exhibited an inverted motility response, suggesting that this locus is involved in controlling positive phototaxis. However, a strain null for taxAY1 was nonmotile and hyperpiliated. Interestingly, whereas the C-terminal region of the TaxD1 polypeptide is similar to the signaling domain of enteric methyl-accepting chemoreceptor proteins, the N terminus has two domains resembling chromophore-binding domains of phytochrome, a photoreceptor in plants. Hence, TaxD1 may play a role in perceiving the light stimulus. Mutants in the Tax3 locus are nonmotile and do not make type IV pili. These findings establish links between chemotaxis-like regulatory elements and type IV pilus-mediated phototaxis.