gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo expression of Galalpha-(1,3)Gal on porcine islet cells is age dependent (2003)

The expression of Galalpha-(1,3)Gal (alphaGal) on porcine islet cells remains controversial. Several groups have reported that porcine islet endocrine cells do not express alphaGal while we have shown in neonatal porcine islets (NPI) that beta cells do express this antigen. We hypothesize that endocrine cells expressing alphaGal on NPI are less mature cells that may have originated from ductal cells and that expression of this antigen disappears as they develop into fully mature beta cells. Thus, we further examined alphaGal expression on various porcine islet cell preparations and correlated this with the proportion of cytokeratin 7 (CK7)-positive ductal cells. In vitro and in vivo expression of alphaGal and CK7 was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in less mature NPI cells compared with matured NPI and adult porcine islet cells while the reverse was observed in the proportion of beta cells. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of CK7-positive cells was detected in the Gal-expressing population compared with non-expressing cells. In contrast, a higher proportion of beta cells was observed in the Gal-negative population compared with the Gal-positive population. These data showed a reduced expression of alphaGal and CK7 as porcine islet cells mature into beta cells suggesting a possible role for alphaGal in the maturation of pancreatic endocrine beta cells.
Device for intervertebral assisted motion: technique and initial results (2007)

The DIAM implant appears to be a useful and effective alternative in the surgical management of a wide range of lumbar disorders. Patient complications are few and satisfaction is high.
Adenosine and tubercidin binding and transport in Chinese hamster ovary and Novikoff rat hepatoma cells (1983)

The uptake of adenosine and tubercidin by control and ATP-deleted wild-type and adenosine kinase-deficient cells was measured by rapid kinetic techniques. Adenosine deamination was inhibited by pretreatment with 2-deoxycoformycin. Control wild-type cells phosphorylated adenosine so rapidly that the kinetics of transport per se could not be assessed unambiguously. ATP depletion and adenosine kinase deficiency did not abolish the conversion of adenosine to nucleotides, but reduced it to such an extent that initial velocities of uptake could be safely construed as transport velocities in both zero-trans and equilibrium exchange modes. The same was true for tubercidin, which was not phosphorylated in adenosine kinase-deficient cells. It accumulated intracellularly, however, to concentrations 50 to 120% higher than those in the extracellular space, apparently due to binding to some intracellular component(s). Binding was not saturated up to a concentration of 200 microM, but seemed to be slow relative to transport. Fits of appropriate integrated rate equations based on the simple carrier model to uptake time courses obtained under these conditions yielded Michaelis-Menten constants for adenosine and tubercidin transport of 100 to 200 microM and maximum velocities of 10 to 30 pmol/microliters cell H2O . sec, whereas the rate of intracellular phosphorylation was maximal at concentrations between 2 and 8 microM. The first-order rate constant (Vmax/Km) for adenosine phosphorylation, however, seemed to be appreciably higher than that for its transport. This indicates that at physiological concentrations, which fall in the first-order range for both processes, adenosine trapping is very efficient. Adenosine, tubercidin, tricyclic nucleoside, 2'-deoxyadenosine, and 3'-deoxyadenosine all inhibited uridine and thymidine transport to about the same extent, whereas pyrazofurin was significantly less effective.
Peptide Bond Synthesis Catalyzed by α-Chymotrypsin (1978)

α-Chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] catalyzed the syntheses of peptide bonds with various N-acylated amino acids or peptides having aromatic or hydrophobic amino acid residues at the C-terminal position as carboxyl components, and amino acid derivatives, peptides or their derivatives as amine components. A neutral pH was most efficient and quite high concentrations of α-chymotrypsin and starting materials were required for synthesis. For amine components, hydrophobic or bulky amino acid residues were useful at the N-terminal position. Stereospecificity was also observed at the N-terminal position of amine components. Peptide synthesis was not usually seen when the products were soluble in the reaction mixture. This could be partly overcome by increasing the concentration of either the carboxyl or the amine component to more than ten times that of the other.
[Adult prostate sarcoma: a report of 6 cases with clinical analysis]. (2007)

Sarcoma of the adult prostate initiates with the symptom of progressive dysuria, which can be diagnosed by DRE test and confirmed by needle biopsy. Early diagnosis and radical surgical resection may offer the best chance of survival, but with poor prognosis.
IL-7 exacerbates chronic colitis with expansion of memory IL-7RhighCD4+mucosal T cells in mice (2004)

We have previously demonstrated that mucosal CD4(+) T cells expressing high levels of IL-7 receptor (IL-7R(high)) are pathogenic cells responsible for chronic colitis. Here we investigate whether IL-7 is directly involved in the expansion of IL-7R(high) memory CD4(+) mucosal T cells and the exacerbation of colitis. We first showed that CD4(+) lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) from wild-type, T cell receptor-alpha-deficient (TCR-alpha(-/-)), and recombinase-activating gene (RAG)-2(-/-)-transferred mice with or without colitis showed phenotypes of memory cells, but only CD4(+) LPLs from colitic mice showed IL-7R(high). In vitro stimulation by IL-7, but not by IL-15 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, enhanced significant proliferative responses and survival of colitic CD4(+), but not normal CD4(+) LPLs. Importantly, in vivo administration of IL-7 mice accelerated the expansion of IL-7R(high) memory CD4(+) LPLs and thereby exacerbated chronic colitis in RAG-2(-/-) mice transferred with CD4(+) LPLs from colitic TCR-alpha(-/-) mice. Conversely, the administration of anti-IL-7R monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the development of TCR-alpha(-/-) colitis with decreased expansion of CD4(+) LPLs. Collectively, the present data indicate that IL-7 is essential for the expansion of pathogenic memory CD4(+) T cells under pathological conditions. Therefore, therapeutic approaches targeting the IL-7R pathway may be feasible in the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
Object allocation in distributed databases and mobile computers (2002)

This paper makes two contributions. First, we introduce a model for evaluating the performance of data allocation and replication algorithms in distributed databases. The model is comprehensive in the sense that it accounts for I/O cost, for communication cost, and for limits on the minimum number of copies of the object (to ensure availability). The second contribution of this paper is the introduction and analysis of an algorithm for automatic dynamic allocation of replicas to processors. Using the new model, we compare the performance of the traditional read-one-write-all static allocation algorithm, to the performance of the dynamic allocation algorithm. As a result, we obtain the relationship between the communication cost and I/O cost for which static allocation is superior to dynamic allocation, and the relationships for which dynamic allocation is superior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases synthesis of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein by osteosarcoma cells. (1980)

Rat osteosarcoma cells respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with a 6-fold increase in intracellular and secreted levels of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone (BGP). The rise in intracellular BGP levels is half-maximal at 6.6 h and precedes the rise in medium BGP levels by 6 h, a time course which is consistent with the postulated steroid hormone action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. This effect is achieved by physiological levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, with half of the maximal response at a vitamin concentration of 0.04 ng/ml. The specificity of this effect for BGP is demonstrated by the absence of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 effect on total protein synthesis by these cells. To our knowledge, BGP is the first example of a bone protein whose rate of synthesis is dramatically and specifically increased by physiological levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The possible functions of BGP in the biological actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone are discussed.
Molecular Markers for Early Detection of Cervical Neoplasia (2004)

Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center forInfectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Healthand Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA1. IntroductionIn the United States, cervical cancer screening pro-grams based on exfoliated cervical cytology (Papsmears) have signiﬁcantly reduced the incidence of in-vasive cervical cancer. As a result of this success,current cervical cancer screening programs in the USare not directed at invasive disease, but at detection ofthe precursors of carcinoma, referred to as dysplasias,squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) or cervical in-traepithelial neoplasias (CIN). The progressive histo-logicandcytologicchangesthatoccurduringthemulti-step process of cervical carcinogenesis can be dividedinto multiple stages, early lesions known as CIN 1 orLSIL and high grade lesions known as CIN 2, 3 orHSIL. The natural history of these cervical cancer pre-cursor lesions is difﬁcult to study because they are usu-ally biopsied or otherwise treated as soon as detected.However, it is clear that CIN 1 and 2 lesions are morelikelytoregressthantoprogresstoinvasivedisease[37,69]. While the risk of progression is greatest for CIN 3lesions, not all of these lesions progress and regressionis recognizedto occurin a signiﬁcantbut variablenum-ber of cases [69]. Because of the slow rate of diseaseprogression, targeting early detection at CIN 3 lesionsis an effective strategy to avoid invasive cancer and at
4′-Thio-β-D-oligoribonucleotides: Nuclease Resistance and Hydrogen Bonding Properties (1995)

Abstract The syntheses and the study of nuclease resistance and hydrogen bonding of modified oligoribonucleotides, i.e. 4′-thio-β-D-oligoribonucleotides (4′-S-RNA), are reported.
Characterization of Bovine Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expressed inE. coli (1996)

Bovine endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was expressed in E. coli as a soluble, catalytically active enzyme using the pCW expression vector coexpressed with a plasmid, pGroELS, encoding the chaperonins groEL and groES. The E. coli BL21 cultures reproducibly synthesized 6-10 mg of recombinant enzyme per liter of culture. The eNOS protein was purified using 2'5'-ADP Sepharose 4B and appeared as a single band of apparent molecular mass 135 kDa on SDS/PAGE. The recombinant resting enzyme is predominantly high spin with an absorbance maximum at 406 nm. The dithionite-reduced, CO-bound form shows an absorbance maximum at 444 nm. The spectral properties of recombinant eNOS from E. coli are identical to those observed with eNOS from stably transfected HEK 293 cells or from baculovirus expression systems. Enzymatic activity of eNOS from E. coli ranged between 68-135 nmol product formed/min/mg at 25 degrees C, using hemoglobin-NO capture or L-citrulline formation assays. The enzyme is replete with heme and flavins and both activity and [3H]-nitroarginine binding were largely dependent on tetrahydrobiopterin. The heterologous expression of eNOS offers a number of advantages over tissue sources of the protein.
Neuropeptides and Langerhans cells (1998)

The immune system and nervous system are intimately related. In addition to neuroendocrine mechanisms, neuropeptides have a variety of effects on immune cells and are responsible at least in part for neurogenic inflammation. The presence of neuropeptides in the skin has been well documented. The influence of neuropeptides on Langerhans cells is the focus of this paper. The physical presence and effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on Langerhans cells is emphasized. Discussion also includes the putative inflammatory and immunologic roles of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, neurotensin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin in the skin.
Retinoic acid signaling sensitizes hepatic stellate cells to NK cell killing via upregulation of NK cell activating ligand RAE1 (2007)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store 75% of the body's supply of vitamin A (retinol) and play a key role in liver fibrogenesis. During liver injury, HSCs become activated and susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell killing due to increased expression of the NK cell activating ligand retinoic acid early inducible gene 1 (RAE-1). To study the mechanism by which RAE-1 is upregulated in HSCs during activation, an in vitro model of cultured mouse HSCs was employed. RAE-1 was detected at low levels in quiescent HSCs but upregulated in 4- and 7-day cultured HSCs (early activated HSCs), whereas 21-day cultured HSCs (fully activated HSCs) lost RAE-1 expression. High levels of RAE-1 in 4- and 7-day cultured HSCs correlated with their susceptibility to NK cell killing, which was diminished by treatment with RAE-1 neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, retinoic acid (RA) and retinal dehydrogenase (Raldh) levels were upregulated in early activated HSCs compared with quiescent or fully activated HSCs. Blocking RA synthesis by the Raldh inhibitor or blocking RA signaling by the retinoic acid receptor antagonist abolished upregulation of RAE-1 whereas treatment with RA induced RAE-1 expression in HSCs. In conclusion, during activation, HSCs lose retinol, which is either secreted out or oxidized into RA; the latter stimulates RAE-1 expression and sensitizes early activated HSCs to NK cell killing. In contrast, fully activated HSCs become resistant to NK cell killing because of lack of RAE1 expression, leading to chronic liver fibrosis and disease.
Using Biofunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles to Capture Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria at Ultralow Concentration (2003)

Covalently linked to vancomycin (Van), chemically stable and highly magnetic anisotropic FePt magnetic nanoparticles (3-4 nm) become water-soluble and capture vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and other Gram-positive bacteria at concentrations approximately 10(1) cfu/mL via polyvalent ligand-receptor interactions. When a pyramidal end of a magnet "focuses" the nanoparticles into approximately 1 mm(2) area, the bacteria can be observed by an optical microscope and further identified by electron micrograph (EM). Compared to the conventional use of magnetic particles (with the sizes of 1-5 microm) in biological separation or drug delivery, magnetic nanoparticles, combined with specific receptor-ligand interactions, promise a sensitive and rapid protocol to detect pathogens.
Phase 1 Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Interleukin-2—Tumor and Immunological Responses (2012)

Preclinical models suggest that focal high-dose radiation can make tumors more immunogenic. We performed a pilot study of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) followed by high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) to assess safety and tumor response rate and perform exploratory immune monitoring studies. Patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had received no previous medical therapy for metastatic disease were eligible. Patients received one, two, or three doses of SBRT (20 Gy per fraction) with the last dose administered 3 days before starting IL-2. IL-2 (600,000 IU per kilogram by means of intravenous bolus infusion) was given every 8 hours for a maximum of 14 doses with a second cycle after a 2-week rest. Patients with regressing disease received up to six IL-2 cycles. Twelve patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis, and 11 completed treatment per the study design. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria were used to assess overall response in nonirradiated target lesions. Eight of 12 patients (66.6%) achieved a complete (CR) or partial response (PR) (1 CR and 7 PR). Six of the patients with PR on computed tomography had a CR by positron emission tomography imaging. Five of seven (71.4%) patients with melanoma had a PR or CR, and three of five (60%) with RCC had a PR. Immune monitoring showed a statistically significantly greater frequency of proliferating CD4(+) T cells with an early activated effector memory phenotype (CD3(+)CD4(+)Ki67(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(-)CCR7(-)CD45RA(-)CD27(+)CD28(+/-)) in the peripheral blood of responding patients. SBRT and IL-2 can be administered safely. Because the response rate in patients with melanoma was significantly higher than expected on the basis of historical data, we believe that the combination and investigation of CD4(+) effector memory T cells as a predictor of response warrant further study.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Facilitates the Repair of Large Colonic Ulcers in 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis in Rats (2005)

These results indicate that intravenous injection of HGF accelerates colonic mucosal repair and reduces infiltration of inflammatory cells in rats with TNBS-induced colitis and suggest that HGF has the potential to be a new therapeutic modality to promote intestinal mucosal repair in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Verifiable secret sharing and multiparty protocols with honest majority (1989)

Under the assumption that each participant can broadcast a message to all other participants and that each pair of participants can communicate secretly, we present a verifiable secret sharing protocol, and show that any multiparty protocol, or game with incomplete information, can be achieved if a majority of the players are honest. The secrecy achieved is unconditional and does not rely on any assumption about computational intractability. Applications of these results to Byzantine Agreement are also presented.
Efficient algorithm for computation of the second-order moment of the subpixel-edge position (2004)

Subpixel-edge detection is the first stage in processing many high-level vision algorithms. However, the study of the statistical properties of such data has remained incomplete in most research. We present a method for estimating the second-order moments of the subpixel-edge position, computed by a deterministic algorithm based on three quadratic interpolations. The algorithm is tested on different types of noise (Gaussian, impulse, colored) and compared with two methods in the literature. The results show that this approach remains accurate even at high noise levels.
Cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic rats expressing a dominant-negative mutant of the natriuretic peptide receptor B (2006)

Natriuretic peptides (NP) mediate their effects by activating membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptors A (NPR-A) or B (NPR-B). Whereas the pathophysiological role of NPR-A has been widely studied, only limited knowledge on the cardiovascular function of NPR-B is available. In vitro studies suggest antiproliferative and antihypertrophic actions of the NPR-B ligand C-type NP (CNP). Because of the lack of a specific pharmacological inhibitor, these effects could not clearly be attributed to impaired NPR-B signaling. Recently, gene deletion revealed a predominant role of NPR-B in endochondral ossification and development of female reproductive organs. However, morphological abnormalities and premature death of NPR-B-deficient mice preclude detailed cardiovascular phenotyping. In the present study, a dominant-negative mutant (NPR-BDeltaKC) was used to characterize CNP-dependent NPR-B signaling in vitro and in transgenic rats. Here we demonstrate that reduced CNP- but not atrial NP-dependent cGMP response attenuates antihypertrophic potency of CNP in vitro. In transgenic rats, NPR-BDeltaKC expression selectively reduced NPR-B but not NPR-A signaling. NPR-BDeltaKC transgenic rats display progressive, blood pressure-independent cardiac hypertrophy and elevated heart rate. The hypertrophic phenotype is further enhanced in chronic volume overload-induced congestive heart failure. Thus, this study provides evidence linking NPR-B signaling to the control of cardiac growth.
Localization of Radioiodinated Monoclonal Antibody in Colorectal Cancer (1987)

HT-29-15 is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody reacting with a neuraminidase-sensitive determinant on a cell-surface antigen (molecular weight, 200,000 daltons) present on the colon cancer cell line HT-29. HT-29-15 was selected for a tumor localization study because the antigen was shown to be present, by immunohistochemical staining, in a high percentage of primary and metastatic colorectal cancers. HT-29-15 labeled with iodine 131 was given intravenously over a dose range of 0.2 to 10.0 mg to 23 patients with colorectal cancer. No significant toxicity was seen. Imaging of hepatic metastases was successful from days 5 to 7. Analysis of tissue radioactivity by biopsy showed that the tumor-liver ratio increased from day 1 to day 7, suggesting more rapid clearance of antibody from normal tissue than from tumor. Thus, tissue biopsy specimens and scintigraphy have shown that imaging of metastatic colorectal cancer is possible with monoclonal antibody HT-29-15. Tissue biopsy specimens are essential for demonstrating specificity of localization. Scans alone provide insufficient evidence of specific localization by monoclonal antibodies. Simultaneous infusion of a nonreactive control antibody would be necessary for specific localization to be demonstrated unequivocally.
Enzymatically active peptide from the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylating toxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1977)

A nontoxic peptide (molecular weight, 26,000), which is active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, has been isolated from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 103 in stationary phase. Like fragment A from diphtheria toxin, the active peptide catalyzed the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as well as the ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 and showed similarities to fragment A in specific activity, kinetic constants, pH optimum, and ionic sensitivity. These results provide strong evidence for a high degree of homology in the structures of their active sites. That the peptide is not identical to fragment A is shown by the fact that it was not neutralized by fragment A-specific antiserum and was different in amino acid composition and pH and thermal labilities. Although definitive evidence is lacking, there are data suggesting that this peptide is a proteolytic fragment from the ADP-ribosylating toxin (exotoxin A; molecular weight, 66,000) produced by the same strain of P. aeruginosa.
Synthese von 1, 2‐annelierten 1, 4‐Benzodiazepinen und 4, 1‐Benzoxazepinen (1982)

Abstract The syntheses of 1, 2‐annelated 1, 4‐benzodiazepines (IV, Y = N) and 4, 1‐benzoxazepines (IV, Y = 0) are described ( Scheme 1 ). The key step is a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2‐substituted piperazines (II, Z = NCH 3 ), piperidines (II, Z = CH 2 ) or pyrrolidines (II, Z= (CH 2 ) 0 ) with activated aryl halides (I).