gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal AnalysisH. E. KissingerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 11, 1702–1706Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60131a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60131a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23157Altmetric-Citations10930LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser in situ keratomileusis: Literature review of a developing technique (1998)

We reviewed papers published in peer-reviewed journals describing techniques and results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and summarized the instruments used, nomograms, preoperative and postoperative refractions, predictability, outcome, safety, and complications. We performed a similar review of abstracts published in the abstract books of the 1996 meeting of the International Society of Refractive Surgery, the 1997 meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, and the 1997 meeting of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. The number of LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) patients described in the abstracts were sorted by city. Mean weighted latitudes were calculated and compared for each procedure. The mean preoperative refraction in the papers was -12.59 diopters (D), which was statistically higher than that in the abstracts, -8.71 D (P < .001), and the mean postoperative refraction, -1.10 and + 0.93 D, respectively. The mean percentage of cases within +/- 1.00 D was 67.0% in the papers and 82.5% in the abstracts. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better was achieved in 49.2% of eyes in the papers and 83.2% of those in the abstracts; a UCVA of 20/20 or better was achieved in 22.0 and 56.6%, respectively. The portion of eyes that lost two or more lines of best corrected visual was 8.0% in the papers and 0.9% in the abstracts. Complications in the papers included irregular flap (4.0%), incomplete cut (2.5%), free cap (4.9%), perforated lenticule (2.6%), short flap (3.0%), sliding flap (1.4%), interface debris (6.8%), central island (5.3%), decentration (4.7%), epithelial ingrowth (4.3%), induced astigmatism (5.1%), wrinkles (5.9%), haze (8.7%), night vision problems (14.0%), and reoperation (8.2%), Mean latitude for LASIK cases (27.00 degrees +/- 13.73 [SD] was significantly lower than that for PRK cases (42.85 +/- 11.7 degrees). Visual outcomes of LASIK surgery show significant improvements when recent abstracts are compared with published papers. This may reflect continued improvement in the surgical techniques, surgeons' skills, and visual outcomes.
Activated human lymphocytes and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas express a homologue of the rat metastasis-associated variant of CD44. (1993)

A recently described splice variant of CD44 expressed in metastasizing cell lines of rat tumors, has been shown to confer metastatic potential to nonmetastasizing rat pancreatic carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines. Using antibodies raised against a bacterial fusion protein encoded by variant CD44 sequences, we have explored the expression of variant CD44 glycoproteins on human lymphoid cells and tissues and on non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Normal lymphohematopoietic cells express barely detectable low levels of variant CD44 glycoproteins, whereas T lymphocytes, upon activation by mitogen or antigen, transiently upregulate expression of specific CD44 variant glycoproteins. The reaction pattern of various antibodies indicates that these CD44 variants contain the domain encoded by exon v6, which is part of the variant that in the rat confers metastatic capability. It is interesting that overexpression of v6 was also found in several aggressive, but not low-grade, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Design and synthesis of substrate‐based inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin type B metalloprotease (2003)

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) metalloproteases and related proteases are the most selective proteases known. X-ray crystal structures suggest that the native enzymes exist in catalytically incompetent forms that must be activated by substrate binding. In order to characterize the postulated substrate-induced conformational changes, we synthesized a series of transition state analog inhibitors (TSI) in which the dipeptide cleavage site has been replaced by tetrahedral intermediate analogs within the minimal substrate peptide sequence. Reduced amide, alpha-hydroxyamide, alpha-thio-amide, and hydroxyethylamine analogs of -Gln-Phe- were incorporated via solid phase peptide synthesis into 35-mer analogs of the minimal peptide substrate sequence. The synthesis, characterization, and inhibition kinetics for four series of compounds against holotoxin BoNT/B is described. The alpha-thiol amide derivatives of the 35-mer substrate were found to inhibit BONT/B in the low micromolar range.
A Microelectrode/Microelectronic Hybrid Device for Brain Implantable Neuroprosthesis Applications (2004)

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a microminiaturized "neuroport" for brain implantable neuroprosthesis applications, using an analog CMOS integrated circuit and a silicon based microelectrode array. An ultra-low power, low-noise CMOS preamplifier array with integral multiplexing was designed to accommodate stringent thermal and electrophysiological requirements for implantation in the brain, and a hybrid integration approach was developed to fabricate a functional microminiaturized neuroprobe device. Measurements showed that our fully scalable 16-channel CMOS amplifier chip had an average gain of 44 dB, bandwidth from 10 Hz to 7.3 kHz, and an equivalent input noise of approximately 9 microVrms with an average power consumption per preamplifier of 52 microW, which is consistent with simulation results. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have measured local field potentials from thalamocortical brain slices of rats, showing oscillatory behavior with an amplitude about 0.5 mV and a period ranging 80-120 ms. The results suggest that the hybrid integrated neuroport can form a prime platform for the development of a next level microminiaturized neural interface to the brain in a single implantable unit.
Designing Dendrimers Based on Transition-Metal Complexes. Light-Harvesting Properties and Predetermined Redox Patterns (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesigning Dendrimers Based on Transition-Metal Complexes. Light-Harvesting Properties and Predetermined Redox PatternsVincenzo Balzani, Sebastiano Campagna, Gianfranco Denti, Alberto Juris, Scolastica Serroni, and Margherita VenturiView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, 98166 Villaggio S. Agata, Messina, Italy, and Istituto di Chimica Agraria, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 1, 26–34Publication Date (Web):January 20, 1998Publication History Received15 July 1997Published online20 January 1998Published inissue 20 January 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar950202dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar950202dresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3094Altmetric-Citations765LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dendrons,Ligands,Metals,Oxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Cell Localization and Redistribution of the 67 kD Laminin Receptor and α6βl Integrin Subunits in Response to Laminin Stimulation: An Immunogold Electron Microscopy Study (1994)

The 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR), one of several cell surface laminin-binding proteins, is involved in the interactions between cancer cells and laminin during tumor invasion and metastasis. A 37 kDa polypeptide (37LRP), previously identified as the 67LR precursor, is abundantly present in the cytoplasm and has been implicated in polysome formation. To better understand the cellular localization of the 67LR and its precursor, transmission electron microscopic studies of human melanoma A2058 cells were carried out using immunogold labeling and a variety of antibodies: (a) affinity purified antibodies directed against 37LRP cDNA-derived synthetic peptides; (b) anti-67LR monoclonal antibodies raised against intact human small cell lung carcinoma cells; and (c) monoclonal antibodies against the subunits of the integrin laminin receptor, alpha 6 beta 1. Double-labeling immunocyto-chemistry revealed that anti-67LR monoclonal antibodies as well as anti-37 LRP antibodies recognized antigens that were localized in the cytoplasm in electron dense structures. As expected, cell membrane labeling was also observed. Surprisingly, alpha 6 and beta 1 integrin subunits were detected in the same cytoplasmic structures positive for the 67LR and the 37LRP. After addition of soluble laminin to A2058 cells in suspension, the number of labeled cytoplasmic structures increased especially in the vicinity of the plasma membrane, and were exported onto the cell surface. Neither fibronectin nor BSA induced such an effect. The data demonstrate that the 67 LR and the 37 LRP antibodies detect colocalized antigens that are in cytoplasmic structures with alpha 6 beta 1 integrin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collaborative clinical pharmacokinetics service in a community hospital (1984)

A clinical pharmacokinetics service (CPS) operated through the collaborative efforts of the pharmacy and laboratory in a community hospital is described. Pharmacokinetic interpretations of aminoglycoside, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, digoxin, and theophylline concentrations are provided routinely by the CPS; other drug assays are interpreted upon physician request. The CPS is operated by two pharmacokinetics pharmacists and a clinical pharmacy coordinator during the week; pharmacy residents and staff pharmacists in decentralized areas assist on the weekends. Pharmacists assign sampling times to all assay requests unless otherwise specified by the physician. Pharmacy, nursing, laboratory, and medical staffs are involved in an ongoing quality-assurance monitoring program. During a recent one-year period, more than 100 pharmacokinetic consultations each were provided monthly for theophylline, digoxin, and antibiotic assays. Through the cooperation of the pharmacy and laboratory departments, the clinical pharmacokinetics service in this community hospital provides a valuable service to patients and serves as an educational forum for pharmacy and medical staffs.
Model‐guided design of ligand‐regulated RNAi for programmable control of gene expression (2008)

Progress in constructing biological networks will rely on the development of more advanced components that can be predictably modified to yield optimal system performance. We have engineered an RNA-based platform, which we call an shRNA switch, that provides for integrated ligand control of RNA interference (RNAi) by modular coupling of an aptamer, competing strand, and small hairpin (sh)RNA stem into a single component that links ligand concentration and target gene expression levels. A combined experimental and mathematical modelling approach identified multiple tuning strategies and moves towards a predictable framework for the forward design of shRNA switches. The utility of our platform is highlighted by the demonstration of fine-tuning, multi-input control, and model-guided design of shRNA switches with an optimized dynamic range. Thus, shRNA switches can serve as an advanced component for the construction of complex biological systems and offer a controlled means of activating RNAi in disease therapeutics.
Mitochondria: a target for cancer therapy (2005)

Mitochondria, the cells powerhouses, are essential for maintaining cell life, and they also play a major role in regulating cell death, which occurs upon permeabilization of their membranes. Once mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) occurs, cells die either by apoptosis or necrosis. Key factors regulating MMP include calcium, the cellular redox status (including levels of reactive oxygen species) and the mobilization and targeting to mitochondria of Bcl-2 family members. Contemporary approaches to targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy use strategies that either modulate the action of Bcl-2 family members at the mitochondrial outer membrane or use specific agents that target the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore. The aim of this review is to describe the major mechanisms regulating MMP and to discuss, with examples, mitochondrial targeting strategies for potential use in cancer therapy.
Distinct roles of the receptor tyrosine kinases c-ErbB and c-Kit in regulating the balance between erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (1997)

In the bone marrow, multipotent and committed hematopoietic progenitors have to closely regulate their balance between sustained proliferation without differentiation (self renewal) and entering a terminal differentiation pathway. A useful model to analyze this regulation at the molecular level is committed avian erythroid progenitors. These are induced to undergo long-term self renewal by the ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) c-ErbB, in cooperation with steroid hormone receptors. This self-renewal induction by c-ErbB even occurs in the presence of differentiation factors (erythropoietin and insulin). Under the same conditions, the RTK c-Kit is unable to sustain erythroid progenitor self renewal, stimulating cell proliferation without arresting terminal differentiation. Two mechanisms are involved in these differential activities of c-Kit and c-ErbB. The first one, differential regulation of receptor expression, proved to be of minor importance, because c-Kit was unable to induce self renewal, even if exogenously expressed from a retrovirus at high levels. Rather our results support the second mechanism, i.e., that receptor-specific signal transduction is responsible for the differential biological activity of c-Kit and c-ErbB: (a) specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tryphostins) were found which selectively inhibited the biological function of either c-Kit or c-ErbB in erythroblasts but did not affect ligand-induced autophosphorylation of either RTK; and (b) c-ErbB selectively induced SHC phosphorylation and STAT5 activation. The Ras pathway was similarly activated by c-Kit and c-ErbB. The c-ErbB-specific tyrphostin AG30 specifically blocked STAT5 activation, implicating this signal transducer in c-ErbB-induced self renewal.
Breast Cancer Prevention Trial Shows Major Benefit, Some Risk (1998)

cover simple laboratory tests that can identify which new drugs will be good bone-preserving agents and which will be good at preventing breast or uterine cancers, or heart disease.
Minimal resource allocation network (MRAN) for call admission control (CAC) of ATM networks (2002)

The project was undertaken essentially as a technical investigation of the utility of the minimal resource allocation network (MRAN) in the implementation of call admission control (CAC) on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. CAC is a fundamental mode of traffic management of ATM networks. The model development, simulation and testing were conducted with the aid of the simulation tool-Optimized Network Engineering Tools (OPNET) Version 6. In order to evaluate, the performance of the MRAN facilitated CAC scheme; a comparative study was done with existing conventional algorithms. This was an essential pre-requisite and an integral part of the technical study. The purpose of a call admission controller is to block incoming calls, thus reducing congestion in the network while maintaining quality of service (QoS). Conventional CAC controllers face certain drawbacks that are overcome with the use of neural networks. In this research initiative, the MRAN neural network algorithm has been used for predictive dynamic bandwidth allocation for the facilitation of a more efficient call admission controller. The MRAN is a minimal radial basis function (RBF) neural network which is a sequential learning algorithm.
Real time kinetics of restriction endonuclease cleavage monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1994)

The kinetics of PaeR7 endonuclease-catalysed cleavage reactions of fluorophor-labeled oligonucleotide substrates have been examined using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). A series of duplex substrates were synthesized with an internal CTCGAG PaeR7 recognition site and donor (fluorescein) and acceptor (rhodamine) dyes conjugated to the opposing 5' termini. The time-dependent increase in donor fluorescence resulting from restriction cleavage of these substrates was continuously monitored and the initial rate data was fitted to the Michaelis-Menten equation. The steady state kinetic parameters for these substrates were in agreement with the rate constants obtained from a gel electrophoresis-based fixed time point assay using radiolabeled substrates. The FRET method provides a rapid continuous assay as well as high sensitivity and reproducibility. These features should make the technique useful for the study of DNA-cleaving enzymes.
Characterization of immune response as an indicator of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine efficacy (1998)

Quantitation of antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide has been an active area of investigation associated with the development of polysaccharide and subsequently polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. These clinical studies indicate that there are several serologic parameters associated with Hib vaccine efficacy in infants. Efficacious vaccines elicit polysaccharide-specific antibodies in infants; they prime the immune system for an anamnestic response; the immune response is long-lived through the period of greatest risk for disease; and the elicited antibodies have functional activity as demonstrated in bactericidal and opsonophagocytic assays or protection in an infant rat challenge model. The immune response to different Hib vaccines varies both quantitatively and qualitatively. With the introduction of routine Hib vaccine immunization, vaccine performance can rely on these serologic parameters. Quantitative serologic assays, the radio-antigen binding and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, have been developed and standardized. The quality of the antigen as well as optimization of all assay steps and reagents are key to ensuring specific and reproducible antibody quantitation.
MSEED: A program for the rapid analytical determination of accessible surface areas and their derivatives (1992)

Abstract An algorithm for the rapid analytical determination of the accessible surface areas of solute molecules is described. The accessible surface areas as well as the derivatives with respect to the Cartesian coordinates of the atoms are computed by a program called “MSEED,” which is based in part on Connolly's analytical formulas for determining surface area. Comparisons of the CPU time required for MSEED, Connolly's numerical algorithm DOT, and a program for surface area determination (ANA) based on Connolly's analytical algorithm, are presented. MSEED is shown to be as much as 70 times faster than ANA and up to 11 times faster than DOT for several proteins. The greater speed of MSEED is achieved partially because nonproductive computation of the surface areas of internal atoms is avoided. A sample minimization of an energy function, which included a term for hydration, was carried out on MET‐enkephalin using MSEED to compute the solvent‐accessible surface area and its derivatives. The potential employed was ECEPP/2 plus an empirical potential for solvation based on the solvent‐accessible surface area of the peptide. The CPU time required for 150 steps of minimization with the potential that included solvation was approximately twice as great as the CPU time required for 150 steps of minimization with the ECEPP/2 potential only.
Isolation and characterization of three Ca2+-dependent β-galactoside-specific lectins from snake venoms (1984)

Three lactose-inhibited lectins from the venoms of the snakes Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (southern copperhead), Ancistrodon piscivorous leukostoma (western cottonmouth moccasin) and Crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) have been isolated and newly characterized. The three lectins are similar to thrombolectin, a lectin isolated from the venom of Bothrops atrox (fer-de-lance) (Gartner, Stocker & Williams, 1980), with regard to sugar specificity, Mr, Ca2+ requirements and sensitivity to reducing agents. Each lectin is a dimer (Mr 28 000) consisting of monomers (Mr 14 000) indistinguishable on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Haemagglutination activity is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ and is inhibited by reducing agents. The lectins are not identical and can be distinguished on the basis of relative affinities for inhibiting sugars, isoelectric points and immunoprecipitation assays using anti-(cottonmouth lectin) serum.