gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of anti‐interleukin (IL)‐6 antibody against endotoxin, associated with paradoxically increased IL‐6 levels (1992)

Two rat monoclonal antibodies (6B4 and 20F3) against mouse interleukin (IL)-6 were studied for their effects on the generalized Shwartzman reaction and on cytokine production elicited by endotoxin injections. Both antibodies were found to protect mice against the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Production of interferon and tumor necrosis factor in these animals, as assessed from serum levels, were not consistently affected by the antibody treatment, although rather increased levels were occasionally noted. Paradoxically, however, endotoxin-induced serum levels of IL-6 in anti-IL-6-treated mice were consistently found to be markedly increased and also to persist for longer time periods. The more vigorous and persistent response may have been due to slower elimination, increased synthesis, or a combination of both. Endogenous production of IL-6 in mice may be sufficiently large to supersede the neutralizing potential of an excess of antibody, as was evident from the fact that ascites fluid of the anti-IL-6-producing 6B4 hybridoma was biologically active in the IL-6 assay.
Superconducting transport properties of grain boundaries inYBa2Cu3O7bicrystals (1990)

Previous work on the superconducting transport properties of individual grain boundaries in thin-film bicrystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been extended to provide a more comprehensive picture of their weak-link characteristics. Grain boundaries with three different geometries have been studied; the transport properties of all three types of boundaries are essentially identical, which implies that the poor superconducting coupling between grains is a result of the intrinsic structural disorder at the boundary. The grain-boundary critical current densities in bicrystal films prepared by evaporation and postannealing and by laser ablation are also in good agreement; this result demonstrates that the transport properties are insensitive to preparation technique and, thus, are not dominated by the diffusion of substrate impurities into the boundary region. High grain-boundary resistivities and low ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{c}}$${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{n}}$ products imply that the boundaries act as strong barriers to current flow with locally depressed order parameters. Strong magnetic hysteresis, associated with trapped intragranular flux, is observed; this hysteretic behavior is also responsible for an increase in the grain boundary ${\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{c}}$ for Hp/${\mathrm{r}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{p}\mathit{p}}$&gt;300--500 Oe.
Index (2014)

You have accessDesign for Six SigmaJul 2014IndexStephan Back, Hermann WeigelStephan Back, Hermann Weigelhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446440753.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 293-299Print ISBN: 978-3-446-44046-3eISBN: 978-3-446-44075-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
EGF receptor ligands are a large fraction of in vitro branching morphogens secreted by embryonic kidney (1997)

Much attention has recently focused upon hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a potential regulator of epithelial branching morphogenesis. However, since neither the HGF nor c-met "knockout" mice show abnormal kidney branching morphogenesis, we sought to analyze the relative importance of HGF in in vitro branching morphogenesis compared with other factors secreted by the embryonic kidney. Exploiting an assay that employs kidney epithelial cells (murine inner medullary collecting duct, mIMCD3) seeded in collagen cocultured with the embryonic kidney, we found that a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is highly specific for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), tyrphostin AG1478, inhibited mIMCD3 cell process formation (an early step in branching tubulogenesis) by 40%, whereas high concentrations of neutralizing anti-HGF antibodies had a lesser effect (20% inhibition), suggesting that EGFR ligands account for a larger fraction of branching morphogens secreted by the embryonic kidney than HGF. In addition, when an embryonic epithelial cell line derived from c-met (-/-) mice was cocultured with the embryonic kidney, these c-met (-/-) cells underwent process formation. EGFR ligands but not HGF were able to induce branching tubulogenesis in these cells. All EGFR ligands tested, including EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha, heparin-binding EGF, betacellulin, and amphiregulin, induced mIMCD3 cell tubulogenesis. EGFR ligands caused upregulation of urokinase, urokinase receptor, and matrix metalloprotease-1, and tubulogenesis could be inhibited by the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. Our results support the notion that multiple parallel and potentially redundant growth factor-dependent pathways regulate branching tubulogenesis.
Gene therapy rescues cone function in congenital achromatopsia (2010)

The successful restoration of visual function with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene replacement therapy in animals and humans with an inherited disease of the retinal pigment epithelium has ushered in a new era of retinal therapeutics. For many retinal disorders, however, targeting of therapeutic vectors to mutant rods and/or cones will be required. In this study, the primary cone photoreceptor disorder achromatopsia served as the ideal translational model to develop gene therapy directed to cone photoreceptors. We demonstrate that rAAV-mediated gene replacement therapy with different forms of the human red cone opsin promoter led to the restoration of cone function and day vision in two canine models of CNGB3 achromatopsia, a neuronal channelopathy that is the most common form of achromatopsia in man. The robustness and stability of the observed treatment effect was mutation independent, but promoter and age dependent. Subretinal administration of rAAV5-hCNGB3 with a long version of the red cone opsin promoter in younger animals led to a stable therapeutic effect for at least 33 months. Our results hold promise for future clinical trials of cone-directed gene therapy in achromatopsia and other cone-specific disorders.
Assessing the risk potential of porcine circoviruses for xenotransplantation: consensus primer‐PCR‐based search for a human circovirus (2004)

This result renders the existence of a human circovirus related to the porcine circoviruses more unlikely, nevertheless the presence of such a virus cannot be ruled out.
The Ribosome in Action (2001)

Proteins, one of the basic building blocks of cells, are synthesized by linking amino acids together in macromolecular factories called ribosomes. The 20,000 ribosomes in a bacterial cell translate messenger RNA (mRNA) with remarkable speed and accuracy, and two articles in this issue provide fascinating new insights into how this is achieved. These publications come at a time of rapid progress in structural studies of the ribosome. Within the past year both the 30S and 50S subunit structures have been determined at atomic resolution (1-3); the large subunit (50S) and the small subunit (30S) comprise the whole ribosome (70S). Unlike previous reports, however, Noller, Ramakrishnan, and their co-workers have now more closely approximated the functional state of the ribosome by including transfer RNA (tRNA) and mRNA in their crystals, thus providing views of the ribosome in action.
Vascular stroma formation in carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinoma, and metastatic carcinoma of the breast. (1999)

The generation of vascular stroma is essential for solid tumor growth and involves stimulatory and inhibiting factors as well as stromal components that regulate functions such as cellular adhesion, migration, and gene expression. In an effort to obtain a more integrated understanding of vascular stroma formation in breast carcinoma, we examined expression of the angiogenic factor vascular permeability factor (VPF)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); the VPF/VEGF receptors flt-1 and KDR; thrombospondin-1, which has been reported to inhibit angiogenesis; and the stromal components collagen type I, total fibronectin, ED-A+ fibronectin, versican, and decorin by mRNA in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 113 blocks of breast tissue from 68 patients including 28 sections of breast tissue without malignancy, 18 with in situ carcinomas, 56 with invasive carcinomas, and 8 with metastatic carcinomas. A characteristic expression profile emerged that was remarkably similar in invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and metastatic carcinoma, with the following characteristics: strong tumor cell expression of VPF/VEGF; strong endothelial cell expression of VPF/VEGF receptors; strong expression of thrombospondin-1 by stromal cells and occasionally by tumor cells; and strong stromal cell expression of collagen type I, total fibronectin, ED-A+ fibronectin, versican, and decorin. The formation of vascular stroma preceded invasion, raising the possibility that tumor cells invade not into normal breast stroma but rather into a richly vascular stroma that they have induced. Similarly, tumor cells at sites of metastasis appear to induce the vascular stroma in which they grow. We conclude that a distinct pattern of mRNA expression characterizes the generation of vascular stroma in breast cancer and that the formation of vascular stroma may play a role not only in growth of the primary tumor but also in invasion and metastasis.
Acute atrial arrhythmogenicity and altered Ca2+ homeostasis in murine RyR2-P2328S hearts (2010)

These findings establish acute atrial arrhythmogenic properties in RyR2-P2328S hearts and correlate these with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis in an absence of repolarization abnormalities for the first time.
Distribution and differentiation of A2B5+ glial precursors in the developing rat spinal cord (1994)

In many regions of the rat central nervous system, oligodendrocytes develop from migratory A2B5+ precursor cells. In the rat spinal cord, during early embryonic development the capacity for oligodendrogenesis appears to be restricted to ventral regions of the spinal cord, while cultures of postnatal rat spinal cord contain a distinct population of A2B5+ astrocyte precursors. To determine if, as in other regions of the CNS, spinal cord A2B5+ cells give rise directly to oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, the initial distribution, and subsequent dispersion, proliferation, and differentiation of spinal cord A2B5+ cells have been examined in both explant and dissociated cell cultures. Spinal cord oligodendrocytes develop from A2B5+ cells. At E14, A2B5+ cells are restricted to ventral regions of the spinal cord and as development proceeds they become more uniformly distributed throughout the spinal cord. In explant cultures, greater than 95% of the explants that contain oligodendrocytes also contain A2B5+ cells and a proportion of mature oligodendrocytes retain detectable A2B5 immunoreactivity briefly on their surface. The maturation of spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors occurs in a number of distinct stages characterized by the expression of O4 immunoreactivity, which first appears at E16, and GC immunoreactivity, which first appears at E18. As spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursors acquire O4 immunoreactivity they appear to lose the ability to proliferate in response to PDGF but retain the ability to proliferate in response to bFGF, suggesting that the control of proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursors is, in part, dependent on their maturational state. In the presence of high serum, spinal cord A2B5+ cells fail to develop in isolated E14 dorsal spinal cord cultures, while in ventral cultures they subsequently differentiate into A2B5+ astrocytes suggesting that A2B5+ astrocyte precursors are also initially ventrally located. Unlike oligodendrocyte differentiation, however, the differentiation of spinal cord A2B5+ cells into astrocytes is delayed in early embryonic-derived cultures compared to those from older animals. These observations suggest that local influences may regulate the timing of spinal cord A2B5+ astrocyte development, but not spinal cord oligodendrocyte development.
Effect of cyclic loading on motor efficiency (1988)

A method of sizing motors is proposed which is intended to provide the least energy consumption and more starting torque. The technique compares steady-load motor efficiency with the efficiency when operated on various cyclic load configurations. The performance of unconventional and conventional pumping units is compared for calculated and measured torques. Field data are used to verify the model. For cyclic loads, motors are more efficient when operated near half-load. The reason for improved efficiency when using unconventional units is shown. It is shown that the best efficiency will be achieved with a motor operating at 40-50% of its rating. A ten-point improvement in efficiency is obtained when the motor load changes by a factor of 2 and the final load is near 50%. A motor provides adequate starting torque for a conventional unit only when the motor rating is two times the average load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Desferrithiocin analogue uranium decorporation agents (2009)

While 9 administered p.o. or subcutaneously (s.c.) immediately post-metal is an effective decorporation agent, withholding the dose (s.c.) until 4 h reduced the activity of the compound. Conversion of 9 to its isopropyl ester may circumvent this issue.
Ternäre Halogenide vom Typ A3MX6. V. Synthese, Kristallstrukturen und Natrium‐Ionenleitfähigkeit der ternären Iodide Na3MI6 (M = Sm, Gd–Dy) sowie der Mischkristalle Na3GdBr6‐xIx (1997)

Abstract Das System Na 3 GdBr 6‐X I X zeigt vollständige Mischkristallbildung. Der Einfluß des sukzessiven Austausches von Bromid gegen Iodid auf Struktur und Ionenleitfähigkeit wurde systematisch untersucht. Röntgenographische Untersuchungen an Einkristallen und Pulverproben ergaben, daß der Kryolith‐Typ für x &lt; 1 auftritt [Na 3 GdBr 5,1 I 0,9 monoklin, P2 1 /n, Z = 2, a = 734,6(10), b = 779,5(9), c = 1101(2) pm, β = 90,8(2)°]. Für x &gt; 3 tritt der neue Na 3 GdI 6 ‐Typ auf [monoklin, C2/m, Z = 2, a = 787,5(1), b = 1353,4(2), c = 778,3(1) pm, β = 110,14(1)°; für Na 3 GdBr 2,4 I 3,6 : a = 772,7(4), b = 1323,3(7), c = 765,8(4) pm, β = 110,34(3)°]. Dazwischen beobachtet man eine ebenfalls bisher nicht bekannte Ordnungsvariante zum Na 3 GdI 6 ‐Typ, die eine verdoppelte c‐Achse aufweist [für Na 3 GdBr 4,8 I 1,2 : monoklin, C2/c, Z = 4, a = 751,5(4), b = 1285,7(6), c = 1413,7(7) pm, β = 99,65(2)°]. Leitfähigkeitsmessungen mittels Impedanzspektroskopie zeigen in Bereichen mit unveränderter Kristallstruktur eine schrittweise Abnahme der Aktivierungsenergie mit zunehmendem Iodidgehalt.
Membrane effects of antiinflammatory agents. 1. Interaction of sulindac and its metabolites with phospholipid membrane, a magnetic resonance study (1981)

High-resolution proton NMR and spin-label ESR spectroscopies have been applied to examine the interaction of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sulindac (1) and its active sulfide metabolite (2) and inactive sulfone metabolite (3) with phospholipid membranes. Only weak interactions were observed with 1 and 3, but a strong interaction with 2 was indicated both by specific changes in the proton transverse relaxation rate (1/T2) of different substituents in 2 and by a unique shift in membrane transition temperature in the presence of 2 as measured by the ESR technique. Since the structural differences of these compounds are confined to a single polar substituent, i.e., the oxidation state of the sulfur atom, the strong interaction of the sulfide metabolite (2) with the neutral phospholipid membrane is ascribed to its high partition coefficient in the lipid membrane and its ability to penetrate into the lipid bilayer with the carboxyl group remaining at the polar membrane surface. As evidenced from the ESR spectra of two spin-labels, C5- and C12-doxylstearic acid, no significant change of the membrane fluidity was induced by the interaction of 2 with phospholipid vesicles.
Salmonella typhimurium loci involved in survival within macrophages (1994)

A set of Tn10 mutants of Salmonella typhimurium which have a diminished capacity to survive in murine macrophages and decreased virulence in mice has been described previously. In this study, we characterized 30 of these mutants and determined map locations of Tn10 insertions for 23 of these strains. In addition, short fragments of transposon-flanking DNA were cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined for 23 mutants. Seven mutants carried transposon insertions in known genes, representing six loci: htrA, prc, purD, fliD, nagA, and smpB. The possible roles of these genes in Salmonella virulence are discussed. One insertion was found to be in an unknown gene which shared homology with the open reading frames Bv' and Bv located in the pin inversion system of Shigella boydii. In one mutant, Tn10 was found to be inserted in a gene with significant homology to adhE of Escherichia coli and Clostridium acetobutylicum. The map location and degree of homology indicate that the Salmonella gene encodes a related, but different, dehydrogenase. In 14 of the mutants analyzed, Tn10 was inserted into genes which had no significant homologies to entries in the DNA and protein data bases. In conclusion, 16 insertions define loci, termed ims for impaired macrophage survival, which have not yet been described in S. typhimurium but have been shown previously to be necessary for full virulence in mice. Although most ims loci are distributed randomly throughout the genome, a cluster was found between 75 and 78 min on the Salmonella chromosome.
Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Effects of Multidose Sublingual Triazolam in Healthy Volunteers (2006)

Triazolam is increasing in popularity as a premedication prescribed by dentists to help their fearful and anxious patients tolerate the potentially aversive nature of some dental procedures. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that incremental sublingual dosing of triazolam may be an effective technique for producing conscious sedation in the dental setting. Although promising, no laboratory or clinical data have been available to evaluate the efficacy or safety of this approach. This study was designed to determine the pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of incremental sublingual dosing of triazolam (total, 1.0 mg) in healthy adults. Ten healthy adult volunteers received sublingual triazolam (0.25 mg) followed by additional doses after 60 (0.50 mg) and 90 (0.25 mg) minutes. Plasma triazolam concentrations, clinical effects (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score), and processed electroencephalogram (bispectral index score) were measured intermittently for 3 hours. Plasma triazolam concentrations (mean +/- SD, 5.1 +/- 1.1 ng/mL) and drug effects (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score, 2 +/- 1; and the bispectral index score, 62 +/- 16) were greatest in all subjects at the end of the 3-hour evaluation period. Eight of the subjects had Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores consistent with the definition of deep sedation or general anesthesia (Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score, <3) at some of the later time points in the 180 minutes of data collection. In comparison, 4 of the subjects had bispectral index scores less than 60 during these later time points of data collection. Given the considerable intersubject variability in triazolam concentrations and effects, additional research is needed to assess this multidosing strategy before it can be endorsed as a useful and safe sedation technique for managing fearful and anxious patients in dental practice.
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster (1993)

Introduction. Angiosperms-Flowering Plants. Dicots. Actinidiaceae-Actinidia Family. Amaranthaceae-Amaranth Family. Anacardiaceae-Sumac Family. Asteraceae (Compositae)-Daisy Family. Brassicaceae (=Cruciferae)-Cabbage Family. Chenopodiaceae-Chenopod Family. Convolvulaceae-Morning-Glory Family. Cucurbitaceae-Gourd Family. Ericaceae-Heath Family. Euphorbiaceae-Crown-of-Thorns Family. Fabaceae (=Leguminosae, Papilionaceae + Caesalpiniaceae + Mimosaceae)-Legume Family. Fagaceae-Beech Family. Juglandaceae-Walnut Family. Lauraceae-Laurel Family. Malvaceae-Hibiscus Family. Oleaceae-Lilac Family. Proteaceae-Grevillea Family. Rosaceae-Rose Family. Rubiaceae-Coffee Family. Rutaceae-Citrus Family. Solanaceae-Nightshade Family. Sterculiaceae-Cacao Family. Vitaceae-Grape Family. Monocots. Agavaceae-Century-Plant Family. Araceae-Aroid Family. Arecaceae (Palmae)-Palm Family. Bromeliaceae-Bromeliad Family. Musaceae-Banana Family. Orchidaceae-Orchid Family. Poaceae (Gramineae)-Grass Family. Gymnosperms-Conifers and Allies. Pinaceae-Pine Family. Taxodiaceae-Redwood Family. Discussion and Conclusions. Glossary. References.
Mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene of familial hypercholesterolemic patients detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing. (1995)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) results from mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. We applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to screen for sequence variations in the coding and splice site consensus sequences of the LDLR gene. For amplification of each exon by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), optimal pairs of primers were designed by the MELT 87 computer algorithm. To increase the sensitivity, an artificial GC-clamp was included in either the 5'- or the 3'-end of each fragment. DGGE screening of 32 apparently unrelated heterozygous FH patients revealed 16 unique different aberrant DGGE patterns in 27 patients, while in a group of 32 normal subjects none of these DGGE patterns could be observed, suggesting that the aberrant patterns represent disease-causing mutations. Interestingly, 16 out of 27 patients showed an aberrant DGGE pattern in the part of the gene encoding the ligand binding domain (exons 2-6). Direct solid-phase sequencing of the corresponding exon-specific PCR products revealed the nature of the mutations: three nonsense, four splicing, two frameshift, one silent, and six missense mutations. Six of the mutations have been previously reported, while ten are novel mutations. These results indicate that DGGE provides a reliable method for the detection of the presence of point mutations in the LDLR gene of FH patients, thereby facilitating the introduction of rapid DNA diagnosis for this common and genetically heterogeneous disorder.