gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse anti-benzylpenicilloyl IgE monoclonal antibody: preparation, characterization and cross-reactivity. (1987)

Anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO-) monoclonal antibody of the IgE class was prepared from spleens of immune C57BL/6 mice whose sera reacted with BPO-hapten, penicillin G(PCG) polymer, cephalothin (CET)-hapten and CET polymer. Affinity chromatography experiments showed that the haptenic specificity of the IgE monoclonal antibody (designated BIE-13CE) was directed mainly to phenylacetyl portion of BPO group. BIE-13CE antibody reacted on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay with BPO-hapten, CET-hapten, cephaloridine-hapten and CET polymer, but did not react with PCG polymer, ampicillin-hapten, or cefazolin-hapten. These results indicated that the sera of the immune C57BL/6 mice contained IgE antibodies capable of cross-reacting at the monoclonal antibody level with various forms of eliciting antigens and that the cross-reactivity of the antibody could be ascribed essentially to the structural similarity of acyl side chains of the antibiotics. The structure of the CET polymer is also discussed in terms of its PCA reactivity with the monoclonal antibody and analytical and spectral data of the polymer.
A review of semantic segmentation using deep neural networks (2017)

During the long history of computer vision, one of the grand challenges has been semantic segmentation which is the ability to segment an unknown image into different parts and objects (e.g., beach, ocean, sun, dog, swimmer). Furthermore, segmentation is even deeper than object recognition because recognition is not necessary for segmentation. Specifically, humans can perform image segmentation without even knowing what the objects are (for example, in satellite imagery or medical X-ray scans, there may be several objects which are unknown, but they can still be segmented within the image typically for further investigation). Performing segmentation without knowing the exact identity of all objects in the scene is an important part of our visual understanding process which can give us a powerful model to understand the world and also be used to improve or augment existing computer vision techniques. Herein this work, we review the field of semantic segmentation as pertaining to deep convolutional neural networks. We provide comprehensive coverage of the top approaches and summarize the strengths, weaknesses and major challenges.
A new methodology for gray-scale character segmentation and recognition (2002)

Generally speaking, through the binarization of gray-scale images, useful information for the segmentation of touching or overlapping characters may be lost. If we analyze gray-scale images, however, specific topographic features and the variation of intensity can be observed in the character boundaries. We believe that such kinds of clues obtained from gray-scale images should be useful for efficient character segmentation. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for character segmentation and recognition which makes the best use of the characteristics of gray-scale images. In the proposed methodology, the character segmentation regions are determined by using projection profiles and topographic features extracted form gray-scale images. Then the nonlinear character segmentation path in each character segmentation region is found by using multistage graph search algorithm. Finally, in order to confirm the character segmentation paths and recognition results, recognition based segmentation method is adopted.
Identification by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of a 58-kilodalton tumor necrosis factor-inducing protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1993)

We have previously identified proteins in fractions of culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the capacity to induce cytokine production in monocytes, by using a technique we defined as "monocyte Western blotting" (immunoblotting). In this series of experiments, we have extended this technique to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have identified a novel 58-kDa protein of M. tuberculosis which induces production of tumor necrosis factor by human monocytes. Nitrocellulose particles bearing this protein were used to develop murine monoclonal antibodies by the technique of intrasplenic immunization. The protein was purified by preparative isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis and subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. As tumor necrosis factor is a mediator of both pulmonary necrosis and macrophage activation for intracellular killing, this 58-kDa protein may play an important role both in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis and in mycobacterial immunity.
C70 Thin Film Transistors (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTC70 Thin Film TransistorsR. C. HaddonView Author Information Bell Laboratories Lucent Technologies Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974-0636Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3041–3042Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received20 November 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953881whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953881wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views762Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Electrodes,Thin films,Transistors,Ultrahigh vacuum Get e-Alerts
Cerebral Hemorrhage After Passive Anti-Aβ Immunotherapy (2002)

Endothelial expression of human amyloid precursor protein leads to amyloid β in the blood and induces cerebral amyloid angiopathy in knock-in mice,
The role of neutrophil membrane glycoprotein GP-150 in neutrophil adherence to endothelium in vitro (1985)

We have previously described two patients with a congenital defect in neutrophil function characterized by an inability to form pus. The patients' neutrophils lack a membrane glycoprotein of mol wt 150,000 daltons (GP-150) on analysis by SDS-PAGE. This glycoprotein is part of a membrane antigen complex recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 60.3. Addition of MoAb 60.3 to normal neutrophils produces defects in chemotaxis and phagocytosis in vitro similar to those observed in the patients. Since neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelium is prerequisite to neutrophil emigration in vivo, we examined the interaction of the patients' neutrophils and normal neutrophils treated with MoAb 60.3 with cultured endothelium. Adherence was determined as the percentage of 51Cr-labeled purified peripheral blood neutrophils which remained adherent to plastic wells or endothelial monolayers after a 45-minute incubation at 37 degrees C. The percentage of neutrophils from patient 1 remaining adherent to uncoated, fibronectin-coated, or laminin-coated plastic was similar to that observed in normal neutrophils (55% to 84% adherence with normal neutrophils v 73% to 78% adherence with the patient's neutrophils and 63% to 82% adherence with MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils). The adherence of the neutrophils from patient 1 and MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils to human or bovine endothelium in serum-free medium was also not significantly different from that observed in normal neutrophils (less than 10% adherence with normal, MoAb 60.3-treated, and patient neutrophils). In medium containing 10% autologous or heterologous human plasma, however, the adherence of neutrophils from patient 1 or MoAb 60.3-treated normal neutrophils to endothelial monolayers was significantly reduced (35% +/- 7% of normal neutrophils in seven experiments). Although phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (10 ng/mL) and calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) mol/L) markedly increased the adherence of normal neutrophils to endothelial monolayers in serum- free medium (40% to 85% adherence), neither agent increased the adherence of the neutrophils from patient 1 or normal neutrophils treated with MoAb 60.3 (less than 5% adherence). The adherence of PMA- activated neutrophils from patient 2 to endothelial monolayers was also markedly decreased when compared with that of normal neutrophils. Postsecretory cell-free supernatants from PMA-activated normal neutrophils failed to augment adherence of neutrophils from patient 1 (less than 5% adherence).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Biocompatibility of polymeric delivery systems for macromolecules (1981)

We previously reported the use of polymeric delivery systems capable of sustained release of substances with molecular weights up to 2 X 10(6). The current study examined the tissue compatibilities of these slow-release agents and of other polymeric materials. To observe in vivo host responses to specific implants, tests were conducted in the rabbit cornea. The cornea as an implant site has several advantages compared to other organs including its clarity, avascularity, sensitivity, and convenient access to view. Corneas were examined using stereomicroscopy and histology. Two polymers suitable for sustained macromolecular release, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and alcohol-washed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, were noninflammatory. Other polymers considered for sustained macromolecular release, such as polyacrylamide and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), produced significant inflammation.
Two Distinct Congenital Arrhythmias Evoked by a Multidysfunctional Na + Channel (2000)

Abstract —The congenital long-QT syndrome (LQT3) and the Brugada syndrome are distinct, life-threatening rhythm disorders linked to autosomal dominant mutations in SCN5A , the gene encoding the human cardiac Na + channel. It is believed that these two syndromes result from opposite molecular effects: LQT3 mutations induce a gain of function, whereas Brugada syndrome mutations reduce Na + channel function. Paradoxically, an inherited C-terminal SCN5A mutation causes affected individuals to manifest electrocardiographic features of both syndromes: QT-interval prolongation (LQT3) at slow heart rates and distinctive ST-segment elevations (Brugada syndrome) with exercise. In the present study, we show that the insertion of the amino acid 1795insD has opposite effects on two distinct kinetic components of Na + channel gating (fast and slow inactivation) that render unique, simultaneous effects on cardiac excitability. The mutation disrupts fast inactivation, causing sustained Na + current throughout the action potential plateau and prolonging cardiac repolarization at slow heart rates. At the same time, 1795insD augments slow inactivation, delaying recovery of Na + channel availability between stimuli and reducing the Na + current at rapid heart rates. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the Brugada syndrome and identify a new dual mechanism whereby single SCN5A mutations may evoke multiple cardiac arrhythmia syndromes by influencing diverse components of Na + channel gating function. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
TNF-alpha and apoptosis: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. (2002)

TNF-alpha is a key cytokine in innate immune responses and is increased in psoriatic lesions. TNF-alpha has many effects, ranging from inflammation to apoptosis. These effects are reviewed to better understand the role of TNF-alpha as it relates to the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. TNF-alpha increases production of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, NF-kappa B, vasoactive intestinal peptide) and adhesion molecules (e.g. intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, E-selectin). TNF-alpha promotes apoptosis through binding to the TNF-receptor 1; however, psoriatic lesions are hyperproliferative despite an increase in TNF-alpha. This paradox is partially explained as NF-kappa B activation seems to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. The importance of TNF-alpha and apoptosis in psoriasis is shown through the review of clinical trials using anti-TNF-alpha immunobiologics (e.g. etanercept, infliximab) and apoptosis-inducing treatments that result in clinical improvement of the disease.
High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Serum Using the TaqMan Fluorogenic Detection System (2000)

Reproducible quantitative assays to detect viral nucleic acids have proven useful in defining disease progression and following response to therapy in a wide variety of viral infections. We describe the development of a quantitative assay to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA using real-time fluorescent-probe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (TaqMan). The assay is highly reproducible, highly automated, and much more sensitive than the currently used branched-chain DNA (bDNA) assay for HBV. The quantitative PCR assay accurately detected samples ranging from 10 to 10(9) copies of HBV DNA per milliliter. Of 157 serum samples submitted for HBV quantitation, 119 were positive by TaqMan PCR versus only 55 by bDNA (P <.001). All 55 bDNA-positives were positive by TaqMan. Of the 77 samples with detectable HBV-DNA titers below 3.75 x 10(5) copies by TaqMan, only 13 were detected by bDNA. We tested 119 patients negative for all HBV serologic markers, and all tested negative in the TaqMan assay. HBV DNA was detected by TaqMan in 164 of 195 (84%) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive samples. Among hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive samples, median titers were 4. 3 x 10(6) copies/mL versus 322 copies/mL in HBeAg-negative samples (P =.012). The TaqMan assay for HBV DNA is highly sensitive and reproducible and thus appears useful in accurately defining levels of viral replication among persons with HBV infection.
Online anomaly detection with expert system feedback in social networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose examining the participants in various meetings or communications within a social network, and using sequential inference based on these participant lists to quickly and accurately predict anomalies in the content of those communications. The proposed approach consists of two main elements: (1) filtering, or assigning a belief or likelihood to each successive measurement based upon our ability to predict it from previous noisy observations, and (2) hedging, or flagging potential anomalies by comparing the current belief against a time-varying and data-adaptive threshold. The threshold is adjusted based on feedback requested from an expert system. In general, parsing communication data can require nontrivial computational resources, but since parsed data is only used sparingly for feedback, the overall computational complexity of the proposed approach is relatively low. Regret bounds quantify the performance of the proposed approach, and experiments on the Enron email database demonstrate its efficacy.
Use of the cell wall‐less alga Dunaliella bioculata in herbicide screening tests (1988)

SUMMARY An assay was developed using Dunaliella bioculata , a cell wall‐less, unicellular alga with two flagella, to determine whether it could supplement a programme of herbicide screening. Growth was monitored by measuring the optical density of the culture. Additional information was obtained by microscopic examination; lysis of cells, loss of flagella, immobilisation, and bleaching could be readily seen. Comparing 24 commercial herbicides with an untreated check, 20 compounds clearly affected D. bioculata. The assay with D. bioculata can be used as a primary indicator of mode of action; as an example, all members of the chemical class of dinitroanilines affected movement and shape of D. bioculata , probably by influencing microtubule structure.
Mechanisms for Cationic Lipids in Gene Transfer (2003)

For over a decade, cationic lipids have been used for gene transfer both in cell culture and in animals [1,2]. A cationic lipid is a positively charged amphiphile with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail that self-associates in aqueous solution to form either micelles or bilayer liposomes (Table 1). This results in a multivalent particle which can then interact with the negative charges on a polynucleotide, such as DNA. This complex of cationic lipid and DNA has been given the term lipoplex [3].
Fast DST-VII/DCT-VIII With Dual Implementation Support for Versatile Video Coding (2020)

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) recently launched the standardization of the next-generation video coding named Versatile Video Coding (VVC) with the inherited technical framework from its predecessor High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The simplified Enhanced Multiple Transform (EMT) has been adopted as the primary residual coding transform solution, termed Multiple Transform Selection (MTS). In MTS, only the transform set consisting of DST-VII and DCT-VIII remains, excluding the other transform sets and the dependency on intra prediction modes. Significant coding gains are achieved by introducing new DST/DCT transforms, but the full matrix implementation is relatively costly compared to partial butterfly in terms of both software run-time and operation counts. In this work, we exploit the inherent features existing in DST-VII and DCT-VIII. Instead of repeating the element-wise additions and multiplications in full matrix operation, these features can be leveraged to achieve more efficient implementations which only use partial elements to derive the identical results. Existing transform matrices are further tuned to utilize these (anti-)symmetric features. A partial butterfly-type fast algorithm with dual-implementation support is proposed for DST-VII/DCT-VIII transform in VVC. Complexity analysis including operation counts and software run-time are conducted to validate the effectiveness. In addition, we prove the features are perfectly supported by theory. The proposed fast methods achieve noticeable software run-time savings without compromising on coding performance by comparing with the VVC Test Model VTM-3.0. It is shown that under Common Test Condition (CTC) with inter MTS enabled, an average of 9%, 0%, and 3% decoding time savings are achieved for All Intra (AI), Random Access (RA) and Low Delay B (LDB), respectively. Under low QP test condition with inter MTS enabled, the proposed fast methods achieve 1%, 2% and 4% decoding time savings on average for AI, RA, and LDB, respectively.
A 125/115-kDa cell surface receptor specific for vitronectin interacts with the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid adhesion sequence derived from fibronectin. (1985)

Affinity chromatography was used to identify a cell surface receptor for the adhesive protein vitronectin. Detergent extracts of human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells were chromatographed on either vitronectin-Sepharose or Sepharose linked to the synthetic peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, which includes the fibronectin cell attachment sequence Arg-Gly-Asp. Two cell surface proteins with apparent molecular mass of 125 and 115 kDa bound to both columns and were specifically eluted with a solution containing the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro peptide. These proteins could be incorporated into phosphatidylcholine liposomes and mediated the specific binding of these liposomes to vitronectin but not to fibronectin. In contrast, liposomes containing a previously identified 140-kDa fibronectin receptor, which interacts with the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in fibronectin, did not bind to vitronectin. Thus, the fibronectin and vitronectin receptors each recognize the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro peptide but exhibit mutually exclusive reactivities toward fibronectin and vitronectin. These receptors appear to belong to a family of proteins that mediate cell substratum adhesion via related but subtly different specificities.
Intratumoral LAK cell and interleukin-2 therapy of human gliomas (1989)

Adoptive immunotherapy using lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2) offers the possibility of a new treatment for patients with malignant glial tumors. In a clinical trial, the effectiveness of a 5-day treatment cycle of direct intratumoral administration of both LAK cells and IL-2 via a reservoir/catheter system in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas was studied. Ten patients were entered into the study, nine of whom were treated with 15 cycles of LAK cells (0.9 to 21.0 x 10(9) cells) and IL-2 (49 to 450 x 10(3) U/kg). The 10th patient in the study was not treated because of the onset of severe neurological deficits prior to beginning immunotherapy. Of the nine patients treated, one had a partial tumor response to immunotherapy as documented by computerized tomography. Neurological side effects occurred in all patients undergoing treatment and were related to increases in cerebral edema that appeared to be mediated by the immunotherapy. This report demonstrates the present limitations of regional adoptive immunotherapy with LAK cells and IL-2 in the treatment of human glial tumors.
[Value of the plasma measurement of D-dimers in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism]. (1991)

Plasma measurement of D-dimers (DD), which are fibrin-specific degradation products, progressively replaces the cumbersome dosage of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP's) in serum for diagnosis and follow-up of consumption coagulopathies, for diagnosis of prethrombotic states and, potentially, for the control of the efficacy of antithrombotic therapies. Moreover, when the ELISA technique is used, this measurement may be very useful in the diagnosis approach of venous thromboembolic disease. In the present review, data are presented which strongly support the view that a low level of plasma D-dimers (less than 500 micrograms/L when using the ELISA from Stago) allows to exclude the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism with predictive values of 94 % and 100 % respectively. It is suggested that such a diagnostic potential might be very useful in the group of patients with inconclusive perfusion-ventilation scintigraphy (low or indeterminate probability of pulmonary embolism) which represent about 50 % of the patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.
Studies on batch and continuous cultures of Botryococcus braunii: Hydrocarbon production in relation to physiological state, cell ultrastructure, and phosphate nutrition (1985)

The growth of the hydrocarbon-rich alga Botryococcus braunii was studied under "air-lift" conditions using batch and continuous cultures. Large variations in the physiological state of B. braunii were achieved in batch cultures and in continuous cultures with various dilution rates. The possible effects of these variations upon hydrocarbons (nature, relative abundance, location, level, productivity) and also on the production of exocellular polysaccharides were examined. The relationships between the physiological state of B. braunii and its hydrocarbon and polysaccharide production were discussed and compared with those generally observed in unicellular algae. The factors giving rise to the transition from high to low productivity stages were considered. To this end we examined, at first, the variations in cell ultrastructure and the resulting degeneration occurring during batch cultures. Afterward the parallel changes in some parameters of the medium (pH, phosphate level) were determined and their possible relationships with B. braunii growth and hydrocarbon production were discussed. The main features of phosphate nutrition in B. braunii and its effects on hydrocarbons were finally examined.