gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitotic activity in non-neoplastic melanocytes in vivo as determined by histochemical, autoradiographic, and electron microscope studies. (1975)

Mitotic figures were demonstrated in the differentiated melanocytes of normal epidermal and nonepidermal tissues without the presence of external stimuli. These dividine melanocytes were present in human and mouse skin, mouse hair, chick feathers, and embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelium. In normal adult human epidermis, dividing melanocytes, though rare, were found in the nonstimulated areas. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine reaction on the melanocytes during mitosis demonstrated activity of the melanin-forming enzyme, tyrosinase, and ultrastructural studies demonstrated the characteristic melanosomes in variour stages of maturation. Other ultrastructural characteristics of the melanocytes during mitosis, except for the Golgi apparatus, which was smaller and less complex, were similar to those seen in well-differentiated nondividing melanocytes. Autoradiographic studies of thymidine incorporation into mouse skin indicated that 0.7% of epidermal melanocytes, when slightly stimulated, are in the S phase. Thus, in vivo differentiation of non-neoplastic melanocytes (to produce pyrosinase and melanosomes) does not preclude their replication by mitotic division.
On the action of Brefeldin A on Sec7-stimulated membrane-recruitment and GDP/GTP exchange of Arf proteins (2005)

Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) proteins form a special class of small GTP-binding proteins in that their activation by GDP/GTP exchange is coupled to their recruitment to membranes using a built-in structural mechanism. These coupled processes are stimulated by GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) that carry a catalytic Sec7 domain, whose basic mechanism has been uncovered by biochemical and structural studies. Crystal structures of intermediates of the GDP/GTP exchange reaction, from which GDP has not dissociated, notably allowed a movie of the exchange reaction to be reconstituted. They showed that Sec7 domains secure Arf-GDP to membranes before they proceed to nucleotide dissociation, and thus are active participants to the coupling of membrane-recruitment to nucleotide exchange. The drug BFA (Brefeldin A) was used to trap the complex that initiates the exchange reaction, providing a structural basis for its inhibition of Arf and its action on the membrane-recruitment of isolated Sec7 domains. Based on the dissection of this basic mechanism, the survey of reported BFA effects in cells on large multidomain ArfGEFs of the BIG1/2 and GBF1 families shows that the levels and compartmental distribution of BFA-induced recruitment of ArfGEFs to membranes cannot be explained from isolated Sec7 domains acting as independent domains. This leads to the hypothesis that Sec7 activity is inhibited in these ArfGEFs by an intramolecular interaction, which would be released by interaction with a compartment-specific receptor.
Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 Inhibits the Peroxidase Activity of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin (2017)

Hemoglobin is the natural carrier of oxygen in red blood cells (RBCs). While intracellular hemoglobin provides life-sustaining oxygen transport, extracellular free hemoglobin displays toxicity due to inherent peroxidase activity generating reactive oxygen species that subsequently react with the hemoglobin molecule to produce toxic heme degradation products resulting in free radicals, oxidative stress damage, and lipid peroxidation. We have recently demonstrated that Peptide Inhibitor of Complement C1 (PIC1) inhibits peroxidase activity of the heme-based enzyme myeloperoxidase. To elucidate whether PIC1 could inhibit peroxidase activity of hemoglobin, we evaluated the consequence of PIC1 on RBC lysates, methemoglobin, and myoglobin using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as an oxidation target. PIC1 reversibly and dose-dependently prevented TMB oxidation to tetramethylbenzidine diimine by RBC lysates, methemoglobin, and myoglobin, having comparable activity to the inhibitor 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide. PIC1 inhibited TMB oxidation of RBC lysates similar to L-cysteine suggesting that the two cysteine residues contained in PIC1 may mediate peroxidase activity. PIC1 also inhibited heme destruction by NaOCl for RBC lysates, hemoglobin, and myoglobin as assayed by preservation of the Soret absorbance peak in the presence of NaOCl and reduction in free iron release. In conclusion, PIC1 inhibits peroxidase activity of hemoglobin and myoglobin likely via an antioxidant mechanism.
Scalable live video streaming to cooperative clients using time shifting and video patching (2004)

We consider the problem of how to enable the streaming of live video content from a single server to a large number of clients. One recently proposed approach relies on the cooperation of the video clients in forming an application layer multicast tree over which the video is propagated. Video continuity is maintained as client departures disrupt the multicast tree, using multiple description coded (MDC) streams multicast over several application layer trees. While this maintains continuity, it can cause video quality fluctuation as clients depart and trees are reconstructed around them. In this paper we develop a scheme using the transmission of a single-description coded video over an application layer multicast tree formed by cooperative clients. Video continuity is maintained in spite of tree disruption caused by departing clients using a combination of two techniques: 1) providing time-shifted streams at the server and allowing clients that suffer service disconnection to join a video channel of the time-shifted stream, and 2) using video patching to allow a client to catch up with the progress of a video program. Simulation experiments demonstrate that our design can achieve uninterrupted service, while not compromising the video quality, at moderate cost
Ribozymes, DNAzymes and Small Interfering RNAs as Therapeutics (2005)

Selective gene silencing by nucleic acid enzymes has provided researchers with a new strategy to block gene expression and drug target validation. Ribozymes, DNAzymes and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are being explored as genetic inhibitors of gene expression as well as potential therapeutics against viral infections, inflammatory disorders, haematological diseases and cancers. We review the mode of action of these molecules, with special emphasis on their construction and the possibility to enhance their serum half-lives via specific chemical modifications. Their potential use in cell cultures and in animal models for disease is also highlighted.
Differential Induction of Cutaneous TNF-α and IL-6 by Topically Applied Chemicals (1997)

Background: Increasing evidence shows that contact allergens and skin irritants can induce or upregulate the cutaneous expression of cytokines, including those that are required for the initiation of immune responses and which participate in inflammatory reactions. Objective: The present investigation compared the ability of the skin allergens oxazolone and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and the skin irritant benzalkonium chloride (BZC) to stimulate the cutaneous expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) in mice. Results: Each chemical tested induced the dosedependent production of IL-6 with similar kinetic profiles. BZC was less effective at provoking increases in this cytokine; concentrations (1%) that caused marked edema failed to stimulate significant changes in IL-6 expression. Under conditions of topical exposure in which each of these chemicals caused a vigorous inflammatory response in the skin, as measured by induced edema and the increased production of IL-6, only oxazolone and DNCB stimulated expression of TNF-α. The failure of BZC to initiate TNF-α production in the skin was not attributable to inhibition of the bioassay used to measure this cytokine and was apparently independent of the stimulation by this chemical of TNF-α inhibitory factors. Conclusion: These data indicate that not all chemicals that have the ability to cause skin irritation and cutaneous inflammation will elicit detectable TNF-α responses and that characterization of cutaneous irritants and allergens on the basis of induced cytokine expression patterns in the skin must be approached with caution.
Conservation of HPV‐16 E6/E7 ORF sequences in a cervical carcinoma (1992)

A cervical carcinoma that contained human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 homologous DNA was analyzed. Each tumor cell genome contained a single, incomplete copy of HPV-16 DNA. The E6 and E7 open reading frames (ORFs) were completely conserved relative to other published HPV-16 sequences. Much of the non-coding region (NCR) was free of base changes, including complete conservation of several regulatory elements. Multiple mutations were identified in the remaining integrated HPV-16 DNA, which was composed of parts of the L1 and E1 ORFs. The extraordinary conservation of the E6/E7 DNA sequence, as compared with other regions of the integrated HPV-16 DNA, supports the role of E6/E7 in tumorigenesis.
Gene therapy of cancer : translational approaches from preclinical studies to clinical implementation (1999)

Genetic and immunologic targets for gene therapy - tumour suppressor genes as targets for cancer gene therapy characterization of specific genetic alterations in cancer cells immunologic targets for the gene therapy of cancer vectors and engineered products for cancer therapy retroviral vector design for cancer gene therapy non-infectious gene transfer and expression systems for cancer gene therapy parvovirus vectors for the gene therapy of cancer antibody-targeted gene therapy cytokine gene therapy using in situ injection of vaccinia virus vectors ribazymes in cancer gene therapy manipulating drug effects through gene therapy - in situ use of suicide genes for cancer therapy transfer of drug resistance genes into haematopoietic progenitors cytosine deaminase as a suicide gene in cancer therapy preemptive and therapeutic uses of suicide genes for cancer and leukaemia targeting oncogenes and growth for gene therapy - gene therapy in vivo of hepatocellular and liver-metastatic colorectal cancer antisense strategies in the treatment of leukemias selective replicating viruses as therapeutic against cancer molecular vaccine strategies for cancer oncogene products as tumours-specific antigens for activation of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity polynucleotide-mediated immunization theory of cancer DNA and dendritic cell-based immunization against cancer genetically modified cells for immunization - engineering cellular cancer vaccines - gene and protein transfer options cancer gene therapy by direct gene transfer of plasmid DNA in cationic lipids ex vivo and in vivo cytoreductive gene therapy for urologic cancers - translation of molecular pharmacology to clinical pharmacology applications for gene transfer in the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer cytokine gene therapy of cancer genetically modified effector cells for immune based immunotherapy -the use of genetically modified haematopoietic stem cells for cancer therapy novel artificial tumour-specific killer cell and intrabody approaches for cancer therapy.
Image generation design for ground-based network training environment (2002)

The SIMNET program, the first large scale application of distributed simulation to tactical team training, is briefly described. Its success has fostered interest in distributed simulation technology and has provided a foundation for the requirements of the next generation of visual systems. The most challenging requirements for such systems specific to the needs of ground based tactical training environments are presented. An architectural approach to the design of an image generator (IG) satisfying these requirements is discussed. This includes a high level system diagram and the architectural concepts which provide solutions to high level occulting, localization of image complexity due to many moving models, dynamic allocation of processing resources, independent scalability of polygon and pixel processing, the need for standard interfaces, and simulation of special environmental effects such as tactical smoke. Architectural efficiencies and performance levels obtained with these methods are quantified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generating fuzzy rules by learning from examples (1992)

A general method is developed to generate fuzzy rules from numerical data. The method consists of five steps: divide the input and output spaces of the given numerical data into fuzzy regions; generate fuzzy rules from the given data; assign a degree of each of the generated rules for the purpose of resolving conflicts among the generated rules; create a combined fuzzy rule base based on both the generated rules and linguistic rules of human experts; and determine a mapping from input space to output space based on the combined fuzzy rule base using a defuzzifying procedure. The mapping is proved to be capable of approximating any real continuous function on a compact set to arbitrary accuracy. Applications to truck backer-upper control and time series prediction problems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Norovirus protein structure and function (2005)

Noroviruses are positive strand RNA viruses that have received increased attention in recent years because their role as etiologic agents in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks is now clearly established. Much has been learned about the epidemiology of these viruses and the extent of genetic diversity among circulating strains. In contrast, progress on understanding the basic mechanisms of virus replication has been far slower due to the inability to cultivate virus in the laboratory. Despite this limitation, significant progress has been made in defining some basic functions of the norovirus proteins, and the structures of two have been solved to near atomic resolution. This minireview summarizes these recent advances in understanding the structure and function of the norovirus proteins and provides speculation about what roles they may play in the virus replication cycle.
Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases (1996)

Review Article| March 01 1996 Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases John E. KAY John E. KAY 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8728 Print ISSN: 0264-6021 The Biochemical Society, London © 19961996 Biochem J (1996) 314 (2): 361–385. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3140361 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John E. KAY; Structure-function relationships in the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases. Biochem J 1 March 1996; 314 (2): 361–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3140361 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. The Biochemical Society, London © 19961996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Analysis of an exact inversion algorithm for spiral cone-beam CT (2002)

In this paper we continue studying a theoretically exact filtered backprojection inversion formula for cone beam spiral CT proposed earlier by the author. Our results show that if the phantom f is constant along the axial direction, the formula is equivalent to the 2D Radon transform inversion. Also, the inversion formula remains exact as spiral pitch goes to zero and in the limit becomes again the 2D Radon transform inversion formula. Finally, we show that according to the formula the processed cone beam projections should be backprojected using both the inverse distance squared law and the inverse distance law.
A pragmatic coding scheme for transmission of 155 MBit/s SDH and 140 MBit/s PDH signals over 72 MHz transponders (1995)

This paper presents a pragmatic coded 8-PSK scheme for transmission of up to 155.52 Mbit/s over existing 72 MHz satellite transponders. The target IF-loopback performance of an integrated 155 Mbit/s modem/codec in development is a BER=10/sup -9/ at an Eb/No=8.0 dB. It is believed this outperforms other known approaches compatible with 72 MHz transponders. The inner code is a rate 8/9 six-dimensional trellis code with 64 states. The outer code is a rate 235/255 Reed-Solomon code. A novel bit error despreader and a symbol interleaver with a depth of 15 are used to match the inner and outer code. The soft-decision trellis decoder is built around a single standard CMOS Viterbi decoder chip operating at 42 Mbit/s. The codec performance has been verified using software simulation of the channel and modem in combination with a hardware decoder. The codec as implemented achieves a BER=10/sup -9/ at an Eb/No=7.5 dB with an ideal 8-PSK modem and a linear AWGN channel.
Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating (1997)

We summarize the problem of measuring an ultrashort laser pulse and describe in detail a technique that completely characterizes a pulse in time: frequency-resolved optical gating. Emphasis is placed on the choice of experimental beam geometry and the implementation of the iterative phase-retrieval algorithm that together yield an accurate measurement of the pulse time-dependent intensity and phase over a wide range of circumstances. We compare several commonly used beam geometries, displaying sample traces for each and showing where each is appropriate, and we give a detailed description of the pulse-retrieval algorithm for each of these cases.
Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of a Racemic Lactide by Using Achiral Salen– and Homosalen–Aluminum Complexes (2007)

Highly isotactic polylactide or poly(lactic acid) is synthesized in a ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide with achiral salen- and homosalen-aluminum complexes (salenH(2)=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylene-1,2-diamine; homosalenH(2)=N,N'-bis(salicylidene)trimethylene-1,3-diamine). A systematic exploration of ligands demonstrates the importance of the steric influence of the Schiff base moiety on the degree of isotacticity and the backbone for high activity. The complexes prepared in situ are pure enough to apply to the polymerizations without purification. The crystal structures of the key complexes are elucidated by X-ray diffraction, which confirms that they are chiral. However, analysis of the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra unambiguously demonstrates that their conformations are so flexible that the chiral environment of the complexes cannot be maintained in solution at 25 degrees C and that the complexes are achiral under the polymerization conditions. The flexibility of the backbone in the propagation steps is also documented. Hence, the isotacticity of the polymer occurs due to a chain-end control mechanism. The highest reactivity in the present system is obtained with the homosalen ligand with 2,2-dimethyl substituents in the backbone (ArCH==NCH(2)CMe(2)CH(2)N==CHAr), whereas tBuMe(2)Si substituents at the 3-positions of the salicylidene moieties lead to the highest selectivity (P(meso)=0.9(8); T(m)=210 degrees C). The ratio of the rate constants in the ROPs of racemic lactide and L-lactide is found to correlate with the stereoselectivity in the present system. The complex can be utilized in bulk polymerization, which is the most attractive in industry, although with some loss of stereoselectivity at high temperature, and the afforded polymer shows a higher melting temperature (P(meso)=0.9(2), T(m) up to 189 degrees C) than that of homochiral poly(L-lactide) (T(m)=162-180 degrees C). The "livingness" of the bulk polymerization at 130 degrees C is maintained even at a high conversion (97-98 %) and for an extended polymerization time (1-2 h).
Mineral requirements for methane fermentation (1990)

Mineral deficiency appears to pose a more critical problem in the anaerobic treatment process than in the aerobic treatment process. Furthermore, the methane fermentation step of anaerobic treatment appears to be the stage most sensitive to mineral deficiency. Commonly the mineral deficiency is a trace metal, and, since the fermentation step is the terminal stage in the treatment process, a build‐up of these reactants (mainly acetate, propionate, butyrate and hydrogen) can adversely affect the overall process. A review of the literature follows concerning the mineral requirements of methane fermentation in order to facilitate a proper understanding of the anaerobic process, especially in its application to treatment of industrial waste waters that are prone to be deficient in certain minerals. Types of limiting nutrients are considered with specific attention given to nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the trace metals, and the physiological role and intracellular concentration of minerals is discussed. An awareness of the mineral requirements of methane fermentation should provide a more rational basis to trouble‐shoot operational problems and therefore encourage the exploitation of the many advantages of this process for the treatment of industrial wastewaters.
Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing: synergistic effects with other growth factors. (1987)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in vitro stimulates DNA synthesis and chemotaxis of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and stimulates collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and collagenase production by fibroblasts. These in vitro properties suggest that PDGF, delivered by platelets to the site of injury in vivo, may play an important role in the initiation of the wound repair process. Studies presented here show that the addition of pure PDGF to a wound site involving the epidermis and dermis has little effect on the morphology or biochemistry of the healing wound. In contrast, the addition of partially purified PDGF resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in the width of the newly synthesized connective tissue and epidermal layers. Autoradiography using [3H]thymidine revealed increased numbers of labeled cells in the new connective tissue and epithelial layers. Furthermore, addition of partially purified PDGF resulted in significant increases in the rate of protein and DNA synthesis and the total content of these components in biopsies taken from the wound site. Similar effects were obtained when insulin-like growth factor I was added in combination with pure PDGF. This combination of factors caused a 2.4-fold increase in the width of the newly formed connective tissue layer and a 95% increase in epidermal thickness compared with controls. Insulin-like growth factor I alone caused no significant morphologic changes. Epidermal growth factor alone or in combination with PDGF resulted in a thickening only of the epidermis. These results indicate that the synergistic actions of other factors with PDGF are important in the modulation of the wound healing process.
Prediction of acute multiple sclerosis relapses by transcription levels of peripheral blood cells (2009)

We conclude that gene expression analysis is a valuable tool that can be used in clinical practice to predict future MS disease activity. Similar approach can be also useful for dealing with other autoimmune diseases that characterized by relapsing-remitting nature.