gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Conflicting” Motion Cues to the Visual and Vestibular Self- Motion Systems Around 0.06 Hz Evoke Simulator Sickness (2004)

The basic question this research addressed was, how does simulator sickness vary with simulated motion frequency? Participants were 11 women and 19 men, 20 to 63 years of age. A visual self-motion frequency response curve was determined using a Chattecx posture platform with a VR4 head-mounted display (HMD) or a back-projected dome. That curve and one for vestibular self-motion specify a frequency range in which vestibular and visual motion stimuli could produce conflicting self-motion cues. Using a rotating chair and the HMD, a third experiment supported (p < .01) the hypothesis that conflicting cues at the frequency of maximum "crossover" between the curves (about 0.06 Hz) would be more likely to evoke simulator sickness than would conflicting cues at a higher frequency. Actual or potential applications of this work include a preliminary design guidance curve that indicates the frequency range of simulated motion that is likely to evoke simulator or virtual reality sickness; for simulators intended to operate in this frequency range, appropriate simulator sickness interventions should be considered during the design process.
IgG opsonized nuclear remnants from dead cells cause systemic inflammation in SLE (2010)

Deficiencies in the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells have been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). If dying cells are not promptly cleared, they undergo secondary necrosis and release nuclear autoantigens. Secondarily necrotic cell-derived material (SNEC) can be generated in vitro employing various methods. SNEC generated by either methods shows similar DNA content, light scatter characteristics, and binding pattern of dead and dying cell ligands and is readily recognized by autoantibodies (AAb) of many patients with SLE. In whole blood, AAb opsonize SNEC and foster its uptake by blood-borne non-professional phagocytes. We observed a significant secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha by phagocytes which had engulfed different types of opsonized SNEC. Phagocytosis of SNEC and the subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines were strongly influenced by the presence of DNA in this prey, since DNase I treatment reduced both the uptake of SNEC and the induction of IL-8 and TNF-alpha production. In conclusion, the proinflammatory phagocytosis by circulating phagocytes of IgG-opsonized cellular remnants fosters systemic inflammation in SLE.
Delaying the Mitochondrial Decay of Aging with Acetylcarnitine (2004)

Oxidative mitochondrial decay is a major contributor to aging. Some of this decay can be reversed in old rats by feeding them normal mitochondrial metabolites, acetylcarnitine (ALC) and lipoic acid (LA), at high levels. Feeding the substrate ALC with LA, a mitochondrial antioxidant, restores the velocity of the reaction (K(m)) for ALC transferase and mitochondrial function. The principle appears to be that, with age, increased oxidative damage to protein causes a deformation of structure of key enzymes with a consequent lessening of affinity (K(m)) for the enzyme substrate. The effect of age on the enzyme-binding affinity can be mimicked by reacting it with malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation product that increases with age). In old rats (vs. young rats), mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin level, respiratory control ratio, and cellular O(2) uptake are lower; oxidants/O(2), neuron RNA oxidation, and mutagenic aldehydes from lipid peroxidation are higher. Ambulatory activity and cognition decline with age. Feeding old rats ALC with LA for a few weeks restores mitochondrial function; lowers oxidants, neuron RNA oxidation, and mutagenic aldehydes; and increases rat ambulatory activity and cognition (as assayed with the Skinner box and Morris water maze). A recent meta-analysis of 21 double-blind clinical trials of ALC in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease showed significant efficacy vs. placebo. A meta-analysis of 4 clinical trials of LA for treatment of neuropathic deficits in diabetes showed significant efficacy vs. placebo.
Thyroid status influences baroreflex function and autonomic contributions to arterial pressure and heart rate (2001)

The effect of thyroid status on arterial baroreflex function and autonomic contributions to resting blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in conscious rats. Rats were rendered hyperthyroid (Hyper) or hypothyroid (Hypo) with triiodothyronine and propylthiouracil treatments, respectively. Euthyroid (Eut), Hyper, and Hypo rats were chronically instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA). Baroreflex function was evaluated with the use of a logistic function that relates LSNA or HR to MAP during infusion of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Contributions of the autonomic nervous system to resting MAP and HR were assessed by blocking autonomic outflow with trimethaphan. In Hypo rats, the arterial baroreflex curve for both LSNA and HR was shifted downward. Hypo animals exhibited blunted sympathoexcitatory and tachycardic responses to decreases in MAP. Furthermore, the data suggest that in Hypo rats, the sympathetic influence on HR was predominant and the autonomic contribution to resting MAP was greater than in Eut rats. In Hyper rats, arterial baroreflex function generally was similar to that in Eut rats. The autonomic contribution to resting MAP was not different between Hyper and Eut rats, but predominant parasympathetic influence on HR was exhibited in Hyper rats. The results demonstrate baroreflex control of LSNA and HR is attenuated in Hypo but not Hyper rats. Thyroid status alters the balance of sympathetic to parasympathetic tone in the heart, and the Hypo state increases the autonomic contributions to resting blood pressure.
The End Of The Line For Static Cyclic Scheduling? (1993)

One common way of constructing hard real-time systems is to use a number of periodic and sporadic tasks assigned static priorities and dispatched at run-time according to the preemptive priority scheduling algorithm. Most analysis for such systems attempts to find the worst-case response time for each task by assuming that the worst-case scheduling point is when all tasks in the system are released simultaneously. Often, however, a given set of hard real-time tasks will have offset constraints: a number of tasks sharing the same periodic behaviour will be constrained to execute at fixed offsets in time relative to each other. In this situation the assumption of a simultaneous release of all tasks can lead to pessimistic scheduling results. In this paper we derive good response time bounds for tasks with offset information, giving an optimal priority ordering algorithm.
Generation of monoclonal antibodies against human lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma using mice rendered tolerant to normal human lung. (1986)

Four murine monoclonal antibodies against human lung carcinoma were generated using a novel immunization procedure. BALB/c mice were rendered neonatally tolerant to normal human lung tissues and subsequently immunized with human lung tumor tissues. The lower level of antibody-reactivity to the tolerogen was seen in the sera of mice rendered neonatally tolerant as compared with the level of reactivity in the sera of nontolerant mice. The mice which maintained a sufficiently tolerant state were selected for hybridoma production. Two monoclonal antibodies, KM-32 and KM-34, were developed from mice immunized with lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and two other monoclonal antibodies, KM-52 and KM-93, were developed from mice immunized with lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Distribution of antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using membrane fractions prepared from a number of tumorous and normal tissues and various human normal and tumor cell lines. KM-32 recognized a carbohydrate antigen expressed predominantly on lung squamous cell carcinoma cells and its carbohydrate structure appeared to be associated with blood group A antigen. KM-93 recognized a sialylated carbohydrate epitope on the antigen expressed on lung adeno-carcinoma cells and a few other tumor cells. KM-34 and KM-52 detected protein or glycoprotein antigens and they showed predominant reactivity to lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. KM-32 and KM-34 antibodies showed complement-dependent cytotoxicity against a lung tumor cell line. These results suggest that the tolerance technique is useful for efficient screening of murine monoclonal antibodies specific to human tumors. The efficacy of these four monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer will be the subject of a sequential study.
Blastocyst development from supernumerary embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a paternal influence? (1998)

The success of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) warrants further study on the role of paternal factors in early human embryogenesis. To investigate whether poor sperm parameters can influence embryo development, we examined the development of ICSI-fertilized embryos to the blastocyst stage. We present results of blastocyst development from supernumerary ICSI embryos after co-culture on monkey kidney epithelial cells. In addition, we compare the development of supernumerary embryos to the blastocyst stage after ICSI and in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Of 168 supernumerary ICSI embryos, 45 (26.8%) developed to blastocysts. Sperm concentration and morphology did not influence blastocyst development. In contrast, blastocysts arose from spermatozoa that had a significantly higher (P = 0.015) forward progressive motility compared with spermatozoa from those patients who failed to produce blastocysts (42.7% versus 28.2%, respectively). Overall the rate of embryo development to the blastocyst stage after ICSI was lower (26.8%) than that after IVF (47.3%). When the rate of blastocyst development was calculated for patients with three or more supernumerary embryos, it remained significantly higher for the IVF patients than for the ICSI patients (45.6% versus 30.0%). There was no significant difference in the mean cell number and quality of the supernumerary embryos between the IVF and ICSI patients. This study confirms previous reports that have postulated that abnormal spermatozoa may manifest a negative paternal effect on preimplantation embryo development.
Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-Based Formulation of Carbamazepine in the Dog: Comparison with Commercially Available Tablets and Suspensions (1997)

Complexation of carbamazepine with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was performed to provide improved formulations of this widely used antiepileptic drug. Based on this approach, liquid dosage forms were configured for both parenteral and oral use. Intravenous administration of an aqueous carbamazepine x 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CBZ x HPbetaCD) complex at a CBZ dose of 20 mg/kg was well tolerated and generated high initial drug levels that fell monoexponentially as a function of time, yielding a plasma elimination half-life of 38 min. Oral studies were completed with three preparations: a commercially available tablet and suspension, as well as a CBZ x HPbetaCD oral solution. Oral administration of tablets gave erratic and slow absorption, leading to maximum CBZ concentrations (C(max)) of <2 microg/mL, which were manifested only at 2.5 h after drug dosing. The absolute bioavailability of CBZ from the tablets was approximately 25%. Both the suspension and CBZ x HPbetaCD solution gave a significantly improved profile. Thus, the liquid oral dosage forms approximately doubled the oral bioavailability of CBZ compared with the tablets.
Excretion and metabolism of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilide 1,1-dioxide, in rat, dog, monkey, and man (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcretion and metabolism of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxanilide 1,1-dioxide, in rat, dog, monkey, and manJosephine Chiaini, Edward H. Wiseman, and Joseph G. LombardinoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 12, 1175–1177Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00294a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00294a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidoreductive regulation of nuclear factor kappa B. Involvement of a cellular reducing catalyst thioredoxin (1993)

We have investigated an oxidoreductive regulatory pathway for the DNA binding activity of a pleiotropic cellular transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), has been investigated by using NF kappa B prepared from the nucleus and the cytosol of the primary human T lymphocytes. We show that a cellular reducing catalyst thioredoxin (Trx) plays a major role in activation of the DNA binding of NF kappa B in vitro and stimulation of transcription from the NF kappa B-dependent gene expression. We demonstrate evidence suggesting that redox regulation of NF kappa B by Trx might be exerted at a step after dissociation of the inhibitory molecule I kappa B, a cytosolic-anchoring protein for NF kappa B. To examine the effect of Trx in intact cells, we performed transient assay with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-expressing plasmid under the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat and an effector plasmid expressing human Trx. The promoter activity from HIV long terminal repeat was greatly augmented by co-transfecting the Trx-expressing plasmid, whose effect was dependent on the NF kappa B-binding sites. These findings have suggested that cysteine residue(s) of NF kappa B might be involved in the DNA-recognition by NF kappa B and that the redox control mechanism mediated by Trx might have a regulatory role in the NF kappa B-mediated gene expression. These results may also provide a clue to understanding of the molecular process of AIDS pathogenesis and its possible biochemical intervention.
Multiwavelength Fluorescence Otoscope for Video-Rate Chemical Imaging of Middle Ear Pathology (2014)

A common motif in otolaryngology is the lack of certainty regarding diagnosis for middle ear conditions, resulting in many patients being overtreated under the worst-case assumption. Although pneumatic otoscopy and adjunctive tests offer additional information, white light otoscopy has been the main tool for diagnosis of external auditory canal and middle ear pathologies for over a century. In middle ear pathologies, the inability to avail high-resolution structural and/or molecular imaging is particularly glaring, leading to a complicated and erratic decision analysis. Here, we propose a novel multiwavelength fluorescence-based video-rate imaging strategy that combines readily available optical elements and software components to create a novel otoscopic device. This modified otoscope enables low-cost, detailed and objective diagnosis of common middle ear pathological conditions. Using the detection of congenital cholesteatoma as a specific example, we demonstrate the feasibility of fluorescence imaging to differentiate this proliferative lesion from uninvolved middle ear tissue based on the characteristic autofluorescence signals. Availability of real-time, wide-field chemical information should enable more complete removal of cholesteatoma, allowing for better hearing preservation and substantially reducing the well-documented risks, costs and psychological effects of repeated surgical procedures.
A General Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA General Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Diaryl EthersJean-François Marcoux, Sven Doye, and Stephen L. BuchwaldView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 43, 10539–10540Publication Date (Web):October 29, 1997Publication History Received10 June 1997Published online29 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja971901jCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8063Altmetric-Citations340LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Cesium,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds Get e-Alerts
Oncolytic Viruses Targeting Tumor Stem Cells (2014)

A workshop "Targeting Oncolytic Viruses to Tumor Stem Cells," organized by the Division of Cancer Biology, NCI, NIH, was held on September 6, 2013 in Rockville, MD. Seventeen invited experts presented an overview of their current research in this area and discussed the state of current research on the use of oncolytic viruses targeted to stem cells as a potential cancer therapy. The goal was to evaluate the evidence that this approach might increase the efficacy of oncolytic virus therapy and to identify gaps in knowledge that have retarded progress in this area.
The Arabidopsis Receptor Kinase FLS2 Binds flg22 and Determines the Specificity of Flagellin Perception (2005)

Flagellin, the main building block of the bacterial flagellum, acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggering the innate immune response in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the Leu-rich repeat transmembrane receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) is essential for flagellin perception. Here, we demonstrate the specific interaction of the elicitor-active epitope flg22 with the FLS2 protein by chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation. The functionality of this receptor was further tested by heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis FLS2 gene in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cells. The perception of flg22 in tomato differs characteristically from that in Arabidopsis. Expression of Arabidopsis FLS2 conferred an additional flg22-perception system on the cells of tomato, which showed all of the properties characteristic of the perception of this elicitor in Arabidopsis. In summary, these results show that FLS2 constitutes the pattern-recognition receptor that determines the specificity of flagellin perception.
T-cell-dependent B-cell stimulation is H-2 restricted and antigen dependent only at the resting B-cell level. (1980)

Cloned lines of helper thymus-derived (T) cells produce help for bone marrow-derived (B) cell growth and Ig secretion in the presence of histocompatible adherent cells and of specific antigen. This help stimulates histocompatible as well as histoincompatible B-cell blasts polyclonally. Thus, neither antigen nor histocompatibility, but antigen-unspecific factor(s) for growth and Ig secretion are required to stimulate a B-cell blast through the next round of division. On the other hand, only histocompatible, resting, small B cells, and only those binding their specific antigen, can be stimulated by antigen-activated T-cell help to initiate growth and Ig secretion. The preference of the resting B cells for such collaboration with T-cell help is mapped to the K end of the H-2 histocompatibility locus, and probably constitutes the antigen expressed on B cells by the immune response (I) region. It appears that a resting B cell is excited by the binding of specific antigen to surface Ig and by the interaction of its surface Ia antigen with helper T cells. After this dual recognition the excited B cell can be stimulated by the antigen-unspecific factor(s) generated by the interaction of helper T-cells, adherent cells, and antigen to initiate replication.
Containing the cost of third-molar extractions: a dilemma for health insurance. (1983)

No known scientific studies support the extraction of third molars (wisdom teeth) to prevent future disease. Yet, third-molar surgery for this purpose has become so common that in at least one major U.S. health insurance plan, the cumulative cost exceeds that for every other kind of major surgery. Many third molars that are developing normally in adolescents are classified as impacted and removed before they erupt, a practice that results in large expenditures for unnecessary surgery. In addition, the difficulty of the extractions is frequently exaggerated, so that patients and insurance plans are overcharged. Third molar surgery is not without risk of iatrogenic injury. Fracture of the jaw, permanent numbness of the lip (paresthesia), and injury to other teeth may occur. This paper presents a mechanism for containing the cost of third-molar surgery by elimination of payment for nonessential extractions and of the related overcharges. Adoption of this policy by administrators of dental insurance plans would save millions of dollars each year, money that could be better used in providing care for more people with real dental disease.
Detection of Human Metapneumovirus in Clinical Samples by Immunofluorescence Staining of Shell Vial Centrifugation Cultures Prepared from Three Different Cell Lines (2005)

Monoclonal antibody MAb-8 was evaluated for detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in shell vial centrifugation cultures (SVCC). Detection of HMPV was similar in A549, HEp-2, and LLC-MK2 SVCC, and MAb-8 staining was optimal on day 2 postinoculation. Availability of SVCC for HMPV will be of significant benefit to clinical laboratories.