gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogenAlton Banks Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1990, 67, 3, 215Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1990Published inissue 1 March 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ed067p215RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (595 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of c-myc expression on cell cycle progression. (1994)

We used targeted homologous recombination to disrupt one c-myc gene copy in a diploid fibroblast cell line and found that a twofold reduction in Myc expression resulted in lower exponential growth rates and a lengthening of the G0-to-S-phase transition (M. Shichiri, K. D. Hanson and J. M. Sedivy, Cell Growth Differ. 4:93-104, 1993). Myc is a transcription factor, and the number of target genes whose regulation could result in differential growth rates may be very large. We have approached this problem by examining effects of reduced c-myc expression in three broad areas: (i) secretion of growth factors, (ii) expression of growth factor receptors, and (iii) intracellular signal transduction between Myc and components of the intrinsic cell cycle clock. We have found no evidence that differential medium conditioning can account for the growth phenotypes. Likewise, the expression of receptors for platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor I was the same in diploid and heterozygous cells (platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor are the sole growth factors required by these cells for growth in serum-free medium). In contrast, expression of cyclin E, cyclin A, and Rb phosphorylation were delayed when quiescent c-myc heterozygous cells were stimulated to enter the cell cycle. Expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and Cdk2 was not affected. The timing of cyclin E induction was the earliest observable effect of reduced Myc expression. Our data indicate that Myc contributes to regulation of proliferation by a cell-autonomous mechanism that involves the modulation of cyclin E expression and, consequently, progression through the restriction point of the cell cycle.
Component commonality in multiple-period, assemble-to-order systems (2000)

Abstract It has been clearly demonstrated in the literature that introducing a common component that replaces a number of unique components reduces the overall level of safety stock required to meet service level requirements. Recent work utilizing single-period models has investigated the cost savings (or losses) from doing so. This paper uses a very general multiple-period model, with general demand distributions, any number of products and components, and the objective of minimizing production, holding, and shortage costs. Two scenarios are considered - one that utilizes component commonality and one that does not. Prior results utilizing single-period models indicate that even if the common component is more expensive than the components it replaces, there are many circumstances under which it is still worthwhile to employ it. The surprising results from this paper indicate that this is often not the case in a multiple-period model.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic α-Fluorination of Aldehydes (2005)

The first direct enantioselective catalytic alpha-fluorination of aldehydes has been accomplished. The use of enamine catalysis has provided a new organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective fluorination of aldehydes to generate alpha-fluoro aldehydes, an important chiral synthon for medicinal agent synthesis. The use of imidazolidinone 1 as the asymmetric catalyst has been found to mediate the fluorination of a large variety of aldehyde substrates with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide serving as the electrophilic source of fluorine. A diverse spectrum of aldehyde substrates can also be accommodated in this new organocatalytic transformation. While catalyst quantities of 20 mol % were generally employed in this study, successful halogenation can be accomplished using catalyst loadings as low as 2.5 mol %.
An optical biosensor based upon glucose oxidase immobilized in sol‐gel silicate matrix (1994)

Glucose oxidase immobilized in a transparent silicate gel prepared by a sol-gel method was used as a simple solid-state optical biosensor for glucose. The sensor was based upon the measurement of initial rates of reduction of the FAD prosthetic group of the enzyme in the presence of various concentrations of glucose. The analytical range of the sensor was 1-100 mM, and the measurement time was 2 min. The enzyme was considerably protected by the silicate matrix against leaching, thermal inactivation and even H2O2-dependent inactivation. The sensor was stable in daily use for 6 months.
Current research in preventive dentistry and its impact on the future of dental care. (1991)

To my mind, preventive dentistry has not changed all that much in the last 10 to 15 years. No miracle drug has come on the scene to prevent periodontal disease. There is no caries vaccine to eliminate dental caries. Interestingly, it has been the traditional technologies that have, given the advantage of time, proven their potential. The reality seems to have surpassed even our most optimistic expectations. But while we have learned how to effectively implement these technologies in many instances, the promotion of water fluoridation has lagged. Nevertheless, the improvements in oral health speak well of the work of our predecessors, who shaped the world of modern dental care. It is up to the profession to use existing preventive technologies to their best advantage and to devise even better preventive measures for the 20 per cent to 30 per cent of the population who are at highest risk of caries and periodontal disease. This paper has focused on some points of interest that have been published in the dental literature on preventive dentistry. Other issues represent concerns of the author. I invite comment and discussion on the topics and issues that were raised. Dialogue is healthy.
OX40 ligand and OX40 are increased in atopic dermatitis lesions but do not correlate with clinical severity (2012)

Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of OX40 and OX40L in the pathogenesis of AD though they are not specific to AD and in vitro results suggest complex interaction.
Simplified three-dimensional tissue clearing and incorporation of colorimetric phenotyping (2016)

Tissue clearing methods promise to provide exquisite three-dimensional imaging information; however, there is a need for simplified methods for lower resource settings and for non-fluorescence based phenotyping to enable light microscopic imaging modalities. Here we describe the simplified CLARITY method (SCM) for tissue clearing that preserves epitopes of interest. We imaged the resulting tissues using light sheet microscopy to generate rapid 3D reconstructions of entire tissues and organs. In addition, to enable clearing and 3D tissue imaging with light microscopy methods, we developed a colorimetric, non-fluorescent method for specifically labeling cleared tissues based on horseradish peroxidase conversion of diaminobenzidine to a colored insoluble product. The methods we describe here are portable and can be accomplished at low cost, and can allow light microscopic imaging of cleared tissues, thus enabling tissue clearing and imaging in a wide variety of settings.
IgA deficiency. (1991)

IgA deficiency, the most common primary immunodeficiency, is a very heterogeneous clinical disorder which may be associated with a variety of infections, allergies, autoimmune disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, and genetic disorders. The central phenotypic feature of this immunodeficiency is a B cell differentiation arrest, the extent of which may determine the clinical variability. Integrity of the immunoglobulin genes and their expression by immature B cells in affected individuals suggests an immunoregulatory basis for the B cell arrest. Genetic studies imply that a susceptibility gene in or near the major histocompatibility locus may predispose homozygous individuals to a spectrum of antibody deficiencies which may range from isolated IgA deficiency to panhypogammaglobulinemia. Essential cofactors in the pathogenesis of IgA deficiency include environmental factors, such as certain drugs and viral infections.
Reducing Dynamic Foot Pressures in High-Risk Diabetic Subjects With Foot Ulcerations: A comparison of treatments (1996)

DH Pressure Relief Walkers were as effective as total contact casts to reduce foot pressures at ulcer sites and may be an effective practical addition in the treatment of foot ulcers.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of interleukin 2 in a human tumor T cell line. Degradation of interleukin 2 and evidence for the absence of recycling of interleukin receptors. (1986)

We have previously described a human tumor T cell line, IARC 301, which constitutively expresses biologically functional interleukin 2 (IL2) receptors. The fate of IL2 after binding to surface high affinity receptors was investigated. After a few minutes, IL2 is internalized at 37 degrees C and is subsequently degraded and released in the medium. The half-life for surface high affinity IL2 receptors, as measured in the presence of cycloheximide, is about 1 h and does not depend upon the presence of IL2. After trypsin digestion of cell surface high affinity receptors in the absence of protein biosynthesis, we could not detect any receptor reappearance on the cell membrane, whether IL2 was added or not. Taken together these results show that IL2 receptors are constantly internalized in these cells in the presence or absence of IL2 and that they do not recycle to the plasma membrane after receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Peut-on enquêter sur l'égalité professionnelle sans intervenir ? Retour sur une recherche en entreprise (2011)

National audience
Electrochemical deposition of Cl-doped n-type Cu2O on reduced graphene oxide electrodes (2010)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) electrodes can be applied for the electrochemical deposition of various semiconductor oxides. In this study, we demonstrate the electrochemical deposition of Cl-doped n-type Cu2O (Cl–Cu2O) on rGO electrodes. The structure and properties of the deposited Cl–Cu2O have been investigated extensively. Moreover, the effect of Cl doping on the carrier concentration and photocurrent of Cl–Cu2O has also been investigated. Our study shows significant implications in tailoring the properties of materials deposited on rGO electrodes by using electrochemical methods.
Derivation of an infectious viral RNA by autolytic cleavage of in vitro transcribed viral cDNAs. (1989)

An in vitro transcription system has been developed that utilizes self-processing to adjust 3' termini in transcribed viral RNAs. Transcription vectors were constructed by ligating a cDNA "cassette" containing self-cleavage sequences from the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus (STobRV RNA) with the 3' end of brome mosaic virus (BMV) cDNA clones. Transcripts were obtained either from templates linearized at positions located downstream from the cassette or from nonlinearized plasmids. In both cases, a spontaneous self-cleavage reaction produced BMV RNAs that contained 19 heterologous nucleotides at their 3' ends. These RNAs were biologically active, indicating that 19 extra nucleotides did not remove the infectivity. The progeny BMV RNA isolated from infected plants did not retain the 19-base heterologous sequence. BMV RNAs containing longer 3' heterologous sequences were not infectious. The STobRV self-cleavage cassette is potentially applicable to a variety of RNA systems.
The μFill: A New 96-/384- Well Microplate Reagent Dispenser for HTS and Drug Discovery (2002)

Today's biomedical research requires instrumentation that is both functional and versatile. While high throughput screening (HTS) and drug discovery laboratories require instrumentation that can be automated, pilot assay laboratories may not necessarily need total automation. Towards that end, Bio-Tek has developed the μFill, a 96-/384-well microplate reagent dispenser capable of running stand-alone or computer-controlled as part of a robotics system. The μFill is compatible with both 96- and 384-well microplates, and using a specially designed adaptor can also dispense to deep-well microplates. It is capable of dispensing from 10–3000 μl for 96-well plates and 5–1500 μl for 384-well plates in 1-μl increments. The μFill can dispense 20 μl into a 96-well plate in four seconds and into a 384-well microplate in 12 seconds. The microprocessor-controlled syringe pump is based on a tested, low-maintenance design that requires no calibration, yet provides a high degree of accuracy and precision. The accuracy wit...
The Quantification of Gluconeogenesis in Healthy Men by 2H2O and [2-13C]Glycerol Yields Different Results: Rates of Gluconeogenesis in Healthy Men Measured with 2H2O Are Higher Than Those Measured with [2-13C]Glycerol (2001)

The quantification of gluconeogenesis (GNG) by (2)H2O and [2-(13)C]glycerol and the mass isotopomer dilution analysis of glucose does not involve assumptions regarding the enrichment of the oxaloacetate precursor pool. To compare these two methods we measured GNG in six healthy postabsorptive males under identical, strictly standardized, eucaloric conditions, once after oral administration of (2)H2O and once during a primed continuous infusion of [2-(13)C]glycerol. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was measured by infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose. EGP was not different after (2)H2O administration or during [2-(13)C]glycerol infusion (12.2 +/- 0.7 vs. 11.7 +/- 0.3 micromol/kg.min). However, GNG measured after (2)H2O administration was significantly higher than that during [2-(13)C]glycerol infusion (7.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.6 micromol/kg.min; P = 0.03), representing approximately 60% and 41% of EGP, respectively. The (2)H2O study was repeated during primed continuous infusion of unlabeled glycerol, showing that infusion of glycerol at the rate used in the [2-(13)C]glycerol method does not affect the measurement of GNG with (2)H2O, viz. 7.4 +/- 0.7 without glycerol vs. 7.6 +/- 0.9 micromol/kg.min with glycerol, representing approximately 60% vs. 62% of EGP. In conclusion, GNG measured by (2)H(2)O yields higher results than those measured by [2-(13)C]glycerol. This discrepancy is not merely caused by infusion of glycerol per se. Rather, the discrepancy between both methods probably relates to conceptual problems in underlying assumptions in one or both methods
A dynamic threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) for ultra-low voltage operation (2002)

To extend the lower bound of power supply to ultra-low voltages (0.6 V and below), we propose a dynamic-threshold voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) built on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The threshold voltage of DTMOS drops as the gate voltage is raised, resulting in a much higher current drive than standard MOSFET at low power supply voltages. On the other hand, V/sub t/ is high at V/sub gs/=0, therefore the leakage current is low. We provide experimental results and 2-D device and mixed-mode simulations to analyze DTMOS and compare its performance with a standard MOSFET. These results verify excellent DC inverter characteristics down to V/sub dd/=0.2 V, and good ring oscillator performance down to 0.3 V for DTMOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation and physical mapping of the gene encoding the major sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. (1983)

At least four sigma factors separately bind the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core (beta beta' alpha 2), each conferring a different promoter specificity on the holoenzyme in vitro. Using the Broome-Gilbert immunological screening, we isolated recombinant lambda phages that carry rpoD, the gene for the most abundant sigma factor, sigma 55. These phages encode a 55,000-dalton protein whose size, immunological properties, and peptide map identify it as sigma 55. All the phages have in common two adjacent 3.5-kilobase EcoRI fragments from the B. subtilis chromosome; most carry additional genomic DNA. Deletion analysis localized rpoD to a 1.6-kilobase region, suggested the direction of its transcription, and found two additional genes near rpoD, which code for proteins of 62,000 and 17,000 daltons.
Multidimensional X-Space Magnetic Particle Imaging (2011)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising new medical imaging tracer modality with potential applications in human angiography, cancer imaging, in vivo cell tracking, and inflammation imaging. Here we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that multidimensional MPI is a linear shift-invariant imaging system with an analytic point spread function. We also introduce a fast image reconstruction method that obtains the intrinsic MPI image with high signal-to-noise ratio via a simple gridding operation in x-space. We also demonstrate a method to reconstruct large field-of-view (FOV) images using partial FOV scanning, despite the loss of first harmonic image information due to direct feedthrough contamination. We conclude with the first experimental test of multidimensional x-space MPI.
Multisensor Capacitance Probes for Simultaneously Monitoring Rice Field Soil-Water-Crop-Ambient Conditions (2017)

Multisensor capacitance probes (MCPs) have traditionally been used for soil moisture monitoring and irrigation scheduling. This paper presents a new application of these probes, namely the simultaneous monitoring of ponded water level, soil moisture, and temperature profile, conditions which are particularly important for rice crops in temperate growing regions and for rice grown with prolonged periods of drying. WiFi-based loggers are used to concurrently collect the data from the MCPs and ultrasonic distance sensors (giving an independent reading of water depth). Models are fit to MCP water depth vs volumetric water content (VWC) characteristics from laboratory measurements, variability from probe-to-probe is assessed, and the methodology is verified using measurements from a rice field throughout a growing season. The root-mean-squared error of the water depth calculated from MCP VWC over the rice growing season was 6.6 mm. MCPs are used to simultaneously monitor ponded water depth, soil moisture content when ponded water is drained, and temperatures in root, water, crop and ambient zones. The insulation effect of ponded water against cold-temperature effects is demonstrated with low and high water levels. The developed approach offers advantages in gaining the full soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in a single robust sensor.
Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Kinetics of Response With Ipilimumab (2012)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the immune checkpoint protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4; CD152)-ipilimumab and tremelimumab-have been investigated in metastatic melanoma and other cancers and have shown promising results. Recently, ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. We review the literature on managing the adverse effects and kinetics of tumor regression with ipilimumab and provide guidelines on their management. During treatment with these antibodies, a unique set of adverse effects may occur, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These include rashes, which may rarely progress to life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis, and colitis, characterized by a mild to moderate, but occasionally also severe and persistent diarrhea. Hypophysitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, iridocyclitis, lymphadenopathy, neuropathies, and nephritis have also been reported with ipilimumab. Early recognition of irAEs and initiation of treatment are critical to reduce the risk of sequelae. Interestingly, irAEs correlated with treatment response in some studies. Unique kinetics of response have been observed with CTLA-4 blockade with at least four patterns: (1) response in baseline lesions by week 12, with no new lesions seen; (2) stable disease, followed by a slow, steady decline in total tumor burden; (3) regression of tumor after initial increase in total tumor burden; and (4) reduction in total tumor burden during or after the appearance of new lesion(s) after week 12. We provide a detailed description of irAEs and recommendations for practicing oncologists who are managing them, along with the unusual kinetics of response associated with ipilimumab therapy.
Video and Audio Editing for Mobile Applications (2006)

Video content creation and consumption have been increasingly available for the masses with the emergence of handheld devices capable of shooting, downloading, and playing videos. Video editing is a natural and necessary operation that is most commonly employed by users for finalizing and organizing their video content. With the constraints in processing power and memory, conventional spatial domain video editing is not a solution for mobile applications. In this paper, we present a complete video editing system for efficiently editing video content on mobile phones using compressed domain editing algorithms. A critical factor from usability point of view is the processing speed of the editing application. We show that with the proposed compressed domain editing system, typical video editing operations can be performed much faster than real-time on today's S60 phones
Effects of intermittent lower limb ischaemia on coronary blood flow and coronary resistance in pigs (2007)

The rIPC stimulus leads to reduced coronary resistance and increased flow. This effect, while modified by glibenclamide appears to be a generic effect of remote ischaemia rather than a direct preconditioning effect.
Synthesis of [18F]labelled roflumilast using difluoro[18F]bromo methane as alkylating agent (2001)

Synthesis of [18F]labelled roflumilast using difluoro[18F]bromo methane as alkylating agent