gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line reviews: a new application of the Hicom conferencing system (1989)

Hicom is a conferencing system aimed specifically at the UK HCI Community. The initiative to start the community came from the Ergonomics Society's information technology special interest group who set up a working group on electronic mail. This made contact with people with similar interests in bodies such as the British Computer Society and the British Psychological Society. DEC donated a Microvax computer and software, including the VaxNotes conferencing software. The computer is housed at Loughborough University by the HCI Service while their Computer Centre provides the data communication interfaces. Computer Science Company has produced most of the associated management and user documentation. Hicom is run by a team of 20 volunteers, from both industry and academia, who communicate mainly through Hicom. >
Accurate and Reproducible Determination of Lignin Molar Mass by Acetobromination (2012)

The accurate and reproducible determination of lignin molar mass by using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is challenging. The lignin association effects, known to dominate underivatized lignins, have been thoroughly addressed by reaction with acetyl bromide in an excess of glacial acetic acid. The combination of a concerted acetylation with the introduction of bromine within the lignin alkyl side chains is thought to be responsible for the observed excellent solubilization characteristics acetobromination imparts to a variety of lignin samples. The proposed methodology was compared and contrasted to traditional lignin derivatization methods. In addition, side reactions that could possibly be induced under the acetobromination conditions were explored with native softwood (milled wood lignin, MWL) and technical (kraft) lignin. These efforts lend support toward the use of room temperature acetobromination being a facile, effective, and universal lignin derivatization medium proposed to be employed prior to SEC measurements.
Angiogenic factors and preeclampsia (2006)

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the etiology of preeclampsia is still unclear, recent studies suggest that its major phenotypes, hypertension and proteinuria, may be due to an excess of circulating anti-angiogenic growth factors, most notably soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng). sFlt1 is an endogenous protein that is produced by the placenta. sFlt1 is able to bind to the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, thereby neutralizing their functions. High serum concentrations of sFlt1 and low concentrations of free vascular endothelial growth factor and free placental growth factor have been observed during and prior to clinical manifestation of preeclampsia. More recently, serum levels of sEng were also shown to be significantly elevated in preeclamptic women and levels of sEng correlated strongly with disease severity. Therefore, measurement of sFlt1 and sEng in the maternal circulation may be a useful diagnostic and screening tool for preeclampsia. The availability of such a test to predict preeclampsia would have significant impact on current obstetrical care and may help reduce preeclampsia-induced morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on the role of angiogenic factors in normal and abnormal placental development and indicate how measurement of circulating angiogenic factors may help identify women at risk of preeclampsia.
Acute‐phase reactants and the risk of relapse/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: A prospective followup study (2005)

Despite the control of clinical symptoms, corticosteroids do not adequately control the inflammatory process in a subset of patients with PMR who have persistently elevated levels of CRP and IL-6 and who have a higher risk of relapsing.
Connections of midbrain periaqueductal gray in the monkey. I. Ascending efferent projections (1983)

1. To obtain a comprehensive map of the ascending projection of the midbrain periaqueductal gray, small amounts of [3H]leucine were injected into discrete regions of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the monkey. 2. Despite the fact that different regions of the PAG were injected in separate animals, the majority of the PAG's efferent projections to the forebrain remained constant. 3. The diencephalic projection areas include the nucleus reticularis thalami, the nucleus medialis dorsalis, the midline thalamic nuclei, the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, the preoptic area, and the anterior, dorsal, periventricular, ventromedial, periarcurate, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei. 4. More caudal areas receiving a projection from the PAG include the zona incerta and the mesencephalic reticular formation. 5. The main route for PAG-diencephalic projections is through the periventricular bundle. This implies that if a stimulating electrode was placed in this region, both the diencephalic leads to PAG and PAG leads to diencephalic pathways would be stimulated. This observation may explain the wide variety of side effects often encountered in stimulation-produced analgesia in humans. 6. These results support our hypothesis that the PAG functions as a visceral, nociceptive, and cognitive integrator.
Influence of Iron Oleate Complex Structure on Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Formation (2007)

The dependence of iron oxide nanoparticle formation on the structure and thermal properties of Fe oleate complexes has been studied using FTIR, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM. The combination of FTIR, elemental analysis, and DSC allowed us to reveal differences between Fe oleate structures for as-synthesized and postsynthesis treated (drying and extraction with polar solvents) compounds. As-synthesized Fe oleate was found to contain a significant fraction of oleic acid, which works as a modifier altering the decomposition process and as an extra stabilizer during iron oxide nanoparticle formation. The thermal treatment of as-synthesized Fe oleate at 70 °C leads to removal of the crystal hydrate water and dissociation of oleic acid dimers, leading to a more thermally stable iron oleate complex whose final decomposition occurs at about 380 °C. Extraction of the as-prepared iron oleate complex with ethanol and acetone results in the removal of oleic acid, leading to complete reorganization of the Fe oleate complex and a dramatic change of its thermal behavior. It mainly leads to an increase in the iron oxide nucleation temperature, thus decreasing the kinetic separation between nucleation and growth processes and affecting the particle size and particle size distribution. When the separation between these processes was about 5 °C, polydisperse nanoparticles were formed, whereas larger temperature separation values allow the formation of monodisperse nanoparticles with sizes in the 8.5−23.4 nm range. The XRD data indicate that iron oxide nanoparticles contain two phases: wüstite and spinel, with the spinel fraction depending on the conditions of the nanoparticle formation.
Anti-tumor-promoting activities of selected pungent phenolic substances present in ginger. (1999)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has been widely used as a dietary spice, as well as in traditional oriental medicine. The rhizome of ginger contains pungent vanillyl ketones, including [6]-gingerol and [6]-paradol, and has been reported to possess a strong anti-inflammatory activity. These pungent substances have a vanilloid structure found in other chemopreventive phytochemicals, including curcumin. In our study, we found anti-tumor-promoting properties of [6]-gingerol and [6]-paradol. Thus, topical application of [6]-gingerol or [6]-paradol 30 min prior to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) attenuated the skin papillomagenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in female ICR mice. These substances also significantly inhibited the tumor-promoter-stimulated inflammation, TNF-alpha production, and activation of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase in mice. In another study, [6]-gingerol and [6]-paradol suppressed the superoxide production stimulated by TPA in differentiated HL-60 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that pungent vanilloids found in ginger possess potential chemopreventive activities.
An Accelerometer-Based Device for Sleep Apnea Screening (2009)

This paper presents a body-fixed-sensor-based approach to assess potential sleep apnea patients. A trial involving 15 patients at a sleep unit was undertaken. Vibration sounds were acquired from an accelerometer sensor fixed with a noninvasive mounting on the suprasternal notch of subjects resting in supine position. Respiratory, cardiac, and snoring components were extracted by means of digital signal processing techniques. Mainly, the following biomedical parameters used in new sleep apnea diagnosis strategies were calculated: heart rate, heart rate variability, sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respiratory rate, snoring rate, pitch associated with snores, and airflow indirect quantification. These parameters were compared to those obtained by means of polysomnography and an accurate microphone. Results demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an accelerometry-based portable device as a simple and cost-effective solution for contributing to the screening of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and other breathing disorders.
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach: Book Four (1997)

Contents

Part Two: Disorders of Organ System...149
Section 1/Cardiovaskular Disorsers...151
Section 2/Respiratory Disorders...543
Section 3/Gastrointestinal Disorders...663
Section 4/Renal Disorders...867
Section 5/Neurologic Disorders...1161
Section 6/Psychiatric Disorders...1293
Section 7/Endocrinologic Mellitus...1489
Section 8/Gynecologic and Obstetric Disorders...1565
Section 9/Immunologic Disorders...1647
Section10/Bone and Joint Disorders...1689
Section11/Disorders Of The Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat...1763
Section12/Dermatologic Disorders...1815
Section13/Hematologic Disorders...1845
The RelA(p65) Subunit of NF-κB Is Essential for Inhibiting Double-stranded RNA-induced Cytotoxicity (2001)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules generated during virus infection can initiate a host antiviral response to limit further infection. Such a response involves induction of antiviral gene expression by the dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and the NF-kappaB transcription factor. In addition, dsRNA can also induce apoptosis by an incompletely understood mechanism that may serve to further limit viral replication. Here we demonstrate a novel role for the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB in inhibiting dsRNA-induced cell death. dsRNA treatment resulted in caspase 3 activation and apoptotic morphological transformations in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from RelA-/- mice but not from RelA+/+ mice. Such dsRNA-induced killing could be inhibited by expression of either a dominant-negative mutant of PKR or wild-type RelA. Interestingly, caspase 3 activated following dsRNA treatment of RelA-/- MEFs was essential for apoptotic nuclear changes but dispensable for cytotoxicity. A broader specificity caspase inhibitor was also unable to inhibit dsRNA-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that caspase activation is not essential for the induction of cell death by dsRNA in MEFs. However, combined inhibition of caspase 3 and reactive oxygen species production resulted in complete inhibition of dsRNA-induced cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate an essential role for NF-kappaB in protecting cells from dsRNA-induced apoptosis and suggest that NF-kappaB may inhibit both caspase-dependent and reactive oxygen species-dependent cytotoxic pathways.
Laboratory Evaluation of In-Situ Gelled Acids for Carbonate Reservoirs (2001)

Abstract Three different commercial formulations (A,B,C) of in-situ gelled acids are compared in detail at temperatures up to 150 °F and at acid concentrations from 5 to 20 wt% HCl. In-situ gelled acids are claimed to work by a gelation mechanism that occurs at the rock surface as the acid is neutralized. These acids contain a polymer, a crosslinker, and a breaker in addition to other additives. Detailed viscosity measurements of each in-situ gelled acid were made as a function of pH. A new experimental procedure was developed to partially neutralize the in-situ gelled acid, then the viscosity was measured as a function of shear rate in the range 1 to 3000 s-1. Relative reaction rates with reservoir rock of the three in-situ gelled acids were compared at 100 °F. Coreflood experiments were conducted with small acid volumes so that injectivity could be measured before acid breakthrough occurred. In-situ gelled acids significantly retard the rate of acid reaction with reservoir rock. Results showed that acids B and C had similar behavior, while acid A was more reactive with reservoir rock. Viscosity measurements of partially neutralized in-situ gelled acids showed that only with acid C was a significant viscosity maximum observed as the pH of the acid increased. This pH maximum occurred at a value of approximately 2.2 with 5 wt% HCl at 100 °F. In the absence of breaker and crosslinker, acids A and B were very similar, while acid C showed as little as a tenth of the viscosity at low shear rates. Coreflood experiments showed that in some cases, the in-situ gelled acids irreversibly reduced the permeability of reservoir rock.
Treatment of Titanium Dental Implants With Three Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scalers: An In Vivo Study (2007)

VS and PS produced clean, smooth abutment surfaces. Piezoelectric scalers with non-metal tips are suitable for use in dental implant maintenance.
Ascorbic acid stability in aqueous solutions. (1985)

Different water purity provokes a great variation of the stability of ascorbic acid and isoascorbic acid solutions. The effect of temperature on ascorbate aerobic oxidation was assessed by means of Arrhenius plots from which thermodynamic parameters were derived. The presence of bovine serum albumin drastically reduces the vitamin oxidation rate regardless of stereoisomerism. On the other hand the interaction with alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme inhibited by preincubation with vitamin C, does not modify significantly the stability in the experimental conditions used.
Selective Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase. 3. Structure−Activity Relationship of Tricyclics Bearing Imidazoline, Oxadiazole, or Tetrazole Groups (1996)

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is believed to cause antidepressant and possibly antianxiety effects. The previous paper had developed structure-activity relationships (SAR) for in vitro MAO A inhibition by tricyclic N-arylamides. It is shown in this paper that the same in vitro SAR can be carried over to tricyclics whose potentially toxic amide function is replaced by an appropriately substituted imidazoline, a 1,2,4- or 1,3,4-oxadiazole, or an alkylated tetrazole moiety. Dialysis of the inhibitor from the enzyme was used as a measure of reversibility which correlates with a low ability to cause a blood pressure rise with ingested tyramine ("cheese effect").
Role for the IFT-A Complex in Selective Transport to the Primary Cilium (2016)

Intraflagellar transport sub-complex A (IFT-A) is known to regulate retrograde IFT in the cilium. To rigorously assess its other possible roles, we knocked out an IFT-A subunit, IFT121/WDR35, in mammalian cells and screened the localization of more than 50 proteins. We found that Wdr35 regulates cilium assembly by selectively regulating transport of distinct cargoes. Beyond its role in retrograde transport, we show that Wdr35 functions in fusion of Rab8 vesicles at the nascent cilium, protein exit from the cilium, and centriolar satellite organization. Furthermore, we show that Wdr35 is essential for entry of many membrane proteins into the cilium through robust interactions with cargoes and other IFT-A subunits, but the actin network functions to dampen this transport. Wdr35 is mutated in several ciliopathies, and we find that certain disease mutations impair interactions with cargo and other IFT-A subunits. Together, our data link defects in IFT-A mediated cargo transport with disease.
A silicon phthalocyanine and a silicon naphthalocyanine: synthesis, electrochemistry, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA silicon phthalocyanine and a silicon naphthalocyanine: synthesis, electrochemistry, and electrogenerated chemiluminescenceBob L. Wheeler, G. Nagasubramanian, Allen J. Bard, Lee A. Schechtman, and Malcolm E. KenneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7404–7410Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00336a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00336a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2741Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalization error of ensemble estimators (2002)

It has been empirically shown that a better estimate with less generalization error can be obtained by averaging outputs of multiple estimators. This paper presents an analytical result for the generalization error of ensemble estimators. First, we derive a general expression of the ensemble generalization error by using factors of interest (bias, variance, covariance, and noise variance) and show how the generalization error is affected by each of them. Some special cases are then investigated. The result of a simulation is shown to verify our analytical result. A practically important problem of the ensemble approach, ensemble dilemma, is also discussed.
Nanostraws for Direct Fluidic Intracellular Access (2011)

Nanomaterials are promising candidates to improve the delivery efficiency and control of active agents such as DNA or drugs directly into cells. Here we demonstrate cell-culture platforms of nanotemplated “nanostraws” that pierce the cell membrane, providing a permanent fluidic pipeline into the cell for direct cytosolic access. Conventional polymeric track-etch cell culture membranes are alumina coated and etched to produce fields of nanostraws with controllable diameter, thickness, and height. Small molecules and ions were successfully transported into the cytosol with 40 and 70% efficiency, respectively, while GFP plasmids were successfully delivered and expressed. These platforms open the way for active, reproducible delivery of a wide variety of species into cells without endocytosis.
Part-based method on handwritten texts (2012)

This paper reports a trial of handwritten text recog-nition by a part-based method. The part-based method recognizes individual characters by their parts without considering their whole shape. This realizes great ro-bustness to severe deformations. This robustness is also effective for text recognition. Especially, for handwrit-ten texts whose segmentation into individual characters is very difficult by deep touching and heavy slant, the part-based method still can recognize them because it does not request segmentation results to provide their whole shapes. Experimental results using digit se-quences proved this robustness. 1.
Therapeutic advances in idiopathic Parkinsonism (1999)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the only neurodegenerative disorder in which pharmacological intervention has resulted in a marked decrease in morbidity and a significant delay in mortality. The discovery of striatal dopamine deficiency as the neurochemical basis of PD in 1960 was a pivotal event that led to the era of levodopa therapy. Although levodopa produces dramatic improvements in patients' symptoms, it is also associated with adverse effects that can be disabling. Some of these are felt to be related to fluctuating levels of levodopa in the plasma and brain, and as a result, research has focused on drugs that can provide more continuous dopamine receptor stimulation. Dopamine agonists and catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) inhibitors have been valuable adjuncts to levodopa, but until now levodopa has remained the cornerstone of therapy. Recent studies indicate that the newer dopamine agonists may be assuming greater importance in the control of symptoms. Other drugs, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, neurotrophic factors and adenosine receptor antagonists are under investigation. Efforts are being concentrated on understanding the causes and mechanisms involved in the death of dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra. Overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity might play key roles in the genesis of the disease. Therapeutic approaches aimed at correcting these abnormalities may lead to neuroprotective therapy that can inhibit or prevent the relentless progression of nigral neuronal loss. Well- controlled clinical trials using positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) will assist in assessing the putative neuroprotective properties attributed to various agents.
Face Re-Lighting from a Single Image under Harsh Lighting Conditions (2007)

In this paper, we present a new method to change the illumination condition of a face image, with unknown face geometry and albedo information. This problem is particularly difficult when there is only one single image of the subject available and it was taken under a harsh lighting condition. Recent research demonstrates that the set of images of a convex Lambertian object obtained under a wide variety of lighting conditions can be approximated accurately by a low-dimensional linear subspace using spherical harmonic representation. However, the approximation error can be large under harsh lighting conditions thus making it difficult to recover albedo information. In order to address this problem, we propose a subregion based framework that uses a Markov Random Field to model the statistical distribution and spatial coherence of face texture, which makes our approach not only robust to harsh lighting conditions, but insensitive to partial occlusions as well. The performance of our framework is demonstrated through various experimental results, including the improvement to the face recognition rate under harsh lighting conditions.
Global burden of cancer attributable to high body-mass index in 2012: a population-based study (2014)

World Cancer Research Fund International, European Commission (Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship), Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and US National Institutes of Health.