gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Tailoring of Catalyst Nanoparticles for CNT Spatial-Dimension Control (2010)

Electrodeposition is an excellent method for a site-selective and direct fabrication of catalyst nanoparticles for subsequent carbon nanotube (CNT) growth. Nickel nanoparticles with densities as high as and diameters down to are deposited on blanket and patterned TiN wafers. Ni nanoparticles are selectively placed at the bottom of submicrometer vias by through-mask electrodeposition. The spherical nanoparticles all produce aligned multiwalled CNTs. The CNT diameter is directly determined by the diameter of the as-deposited nanoparticles, which is tailored by the electrodeposition conditions. Such control of CNT size, density, and location represents an important step toward the implementation of CNTs in device fabrication.
Synthesis and evaluation of phospholipid analogs as inhibitors of cobra venom phospholipase A2 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and evaluation of phospholipid analogs as inhibitors of cobra venom phospholipase A2Wei Yuan, Richard J. Berman, and Michael H. GelbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 8071–8081Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1473Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ITAM-derived phosphopeptide-containing dendrimers as multivalent ligands for Syk tandem SH2 domain (2009)

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is activated when its tandem SH2 domain (tSH2) binds to a diphosphorylated ITAM motif of e.g. the FcepsilonRI receptor. In this divalent interaction each SH2 domain binds to a phosphotyrosine-containing tetrapeptide motif in ITAM. One of those tetrapeptide sequences was synthesized and conjugated to dendrimers via 'click' chemistry to create a series of functional phosphopeptide-containing dendrimers ranging from a monovalent to an octavalent dendrimer. The affinity of the functionalized dendrimers for Syk tSH2 has been assayed in SPR competition experiments. Both the tetra- and octavalent dendrimer had an affinity in the high nanomolar range, which is approximately 100-fold enhanced compared to the monovalent tetrapeptide, indicating a multivalency effect.
Performance analysis of storage area network switches (2005)

This paper focuses on a switching architecture designed for storage area network (SAN) applications, with a crossbar switching fabric and an aggregate bandwidth of hundreds of Gbps. We describe the architecture and adopt an abstract model of the flow-controlled, credit-based, packet transfer around the switching fabric. The major effects on performance of the credit-based flow control are investigated under different system parameters.
Inclined-substrate deposition of biaxially aligned template films for YBCO-coated conductors. (2001)

No abstract prepared.
Prognostic Breast Cancer Signature Identified from 3D Culture Model Accurately Predicts Clinical Outcome across Independent Datasets (2008)

The 3D-signature accurately predicts breast cancer outcome across multiple datasets and holds prognostic value for both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer. The signature was selected using a novel biological approach and hence holds promise to represent the key biological processes of breast cancer.
Dynamic spectrum access in DTV whitespaces (2009)

In November 2008, the FCC ruled that the digital TV whitespaces be used for unlicensed access. This is an exciting development because DTV whitespaces are in the low frequency range (50-698 MHz) compared to typical cellular and ISM bands, thus resulting in much better propagation characteristics and much higher spectral efficiencies. The FCC has also mandated certain guidelines for short range unlicensed access, so as to avoid any interference to DTV receivers. We consider the problem of WiFi like access (popularly referred to as WiFi 2.0) for enterprizes. We assume that the access points and client devices are equipped with cognitive radios, i.e., they can adaptively choose the center frequency, bandwidth and ower of operation. The access points can be equipped with one or more radios. Our goal is to design a complete system, which (i) does not violate the FCC mandate, (ii) dynamically assigns center frequency and bandwidth to each access point based on their demands and (iii) squeezes the maximum efficiency from the available spectrum. This problem is far more general than prior work that investigated dynamic spectrum allocation in cellular and ISM bands, due to the non-homogenous nature of the whitespaces, i.e., different whitespace widths in different parts of the spectrum and the large range of frequency bands with different propagation characteristics. This calls for a more holistic approach to system design that also accounts for frequency dependent propagation characteristics and radio frontend characteristics. In this paper, we first propose design rules for holistic system design. We then describe an architecture derived from our design rules. Finally we propose demand based dynamic spectrum allocation algorithms with provable worst case guarantees. We provide extensive simulation results showing that (i) the performance of our algorithm is within 94% of the optimal in typical settings and (ii) and the DTV whitespaces can provide significantly higher data rates compared to the 2.4GHz ISM band. Our approach is general enough for designing any system with access to a wide range of spectrum.
The Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Genetic Variant rs5068 Is Associated With a Favorable Cardiometabolic Phenotype in a Mediterranean Population (2013)

The association between the minor allele of rs5068 and a favorable cardiometabolic phenotype that we previously reported in a U.S. population is now replicated in a Mediterranean population in which the G allele of rs5068 is associated with lower blood pressure, BMI, and prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome. These findings may lead to a diagnostic strategy to assess cardiometabolic risk and lay the foundation for the future development of an ANP or ANP-like therapy for metabolic syndrome.
Two-Level Antibacterial Coating with Both Release-Killing and Contact-Killing Capabilities (2006)

Using a combination of an aqueous layer-by-layer deposition technique, nanoparticle surface modification chemistry, and nanoreactor chemistry, we constructed thin film coatings with two distinct layered functional regions: a reservoir for the loading and release of bactericidal chemicals and a nanoparticle surface cap with immobilized bactericides. This results in dual-functional bactericidal coatings bearing both chemical-releasing bacteria-killing capacity and contact bacteria-killing capacity. These dual-functional coatings showed very high initial bacteria-killing efficiency due to the release of Ag ions and retained significant antibacterial activity after the depletion of embedded Ag because of the immobilized quaternary ammonium salts.
Using Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Monoclonal Immunoglobulins in Patients with a Monoclonal Gammopathy (2014)

A monoclonal gammopathy is defined by the detection a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein). In clinical practice, the M-protein is detected by protein gel electrophoresis (PEL) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). We theorized that molecular mass could be used instead of electrophoretic patterns to identify and quantify the M-protein because each light and heavy chain has a unique amino acid sequence and thus a unique molecular mass whose increased concentration could be distinguished from the normal polyclonal background. In addition, we surmised that top-down MS could be used to isotype the M-protein because each immunoglobulin has a constant region with an amino acid sequence unique to each isotype. Our method first enriches serum for immunoglobulins followed by reduction using DTT to separate light chains from heavy chains and then by microflow LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS. The multiply charged light and heavy chain ions are converted to their molecular masses, and reconstructed peak area calculations for light chains are used for quantification. Using this method, we demonstrate how the light chain portion of an M-protein can be monitored by molecular mass, and we also show that in sequential samples from a patient with multiple myeloma the light chain portion of the M-protein was detected in all samples, even those negative by PEL, IFE, and quantitative FLC. We also present top-down MS isotyping of M-protein light chains using a unique isotype-specific fragmentation pattern allowing for quantification and isotype identification in the same run. Our results show that microLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS provides superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods and shows promise as a viable method of detecting and isotyping an M-protein.
Time course of early motor and neuropathological anomalies in a knock‐in mouse model of Huntington's disease with 140 CAG repeats (2003)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the gene encoding huntingtin. The development of therapies for HD requires preclinical testing of drugs in animal models that reproduce the dysfunction and regionally specific pathology observed in HD. We have developed a new knock-in mouse model of HD with a chimeric mouse/human exon 1 containing 140 CAG repeats inserted in the murine huntingtin gene. These mice displayed an increased locomotor activity and rearing at 1 month of age, followed by hypoactivity at 4 months and gait anomalies at 1 year. Behavioral symptoms preceded neuropathological anomalies, which became intense and widespread only at 4 months of age. These consisted of nuclear staining for huntingtin and huntingtin-containing nuclear and neuropil aggregates that first appeared in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Interestingly, regions with early pathology all receive dense dopaminergic inputs, supporting accumulating evidence for a role of dopamine in HD pathology. Nuclear staining and aggregates predominated in striatum and layer II/III and deep layer V of the cerebral cortex, whereas neuropil aggregates were found in the globus pallidus and layer IV/superficial layer V of the cerebral cortex. The olfactory system displayed early and marked aggregate accumulation, which may be relevant to the early deficit in odor discrimination observed in patients with HD. Because of their early behavioral anomalies and regionally specific pathology, these mice provide a powerful tool with which to evaluate the effectiveness of new therapies and to study the mechanisms involved in the neuropathology of HD.
A Parylene Self-Locking Cuff Electrode for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Recording (2014)

The cuff electrode provides a stable interface with the peripheral nerve, which has been widely utilized in both basic research and clinical practice over the past few decades. In this paper, we present a microfabricated, parylene-based self-locking cuff electrode. The cuff diameter can be adjusted to accommodate the nerve properly during implantation. This type of cuff electrodes is easy to implant and the cuff was made of the thin, flexible, and biocompatible parylene substrate. Moreover, the integrated parylene cable and pads facilitate the connection with external circuits. Electrochemical properties of electrode sites were characterized by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The average impedance magnitude and average charge delivery capacity of the Pt electrodes are 8.3 kQ (at 1 kHz) and 2.8 mC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. Using the proposed cuff electrodes, the evoked compound action potentials of the rat sciatic nerve were successfully recorded. Electrical stimulation tests proved the feasibility of selective stimulation of tibial and peroneal fascicles within the rat sciatic nerve. This type of cuff electrodes induced only a benign foreign body reaction and did not damage the axons within the rat sciatic nerve over 11 weeks of an implantation period.
Conformational constraint in protein ligand design and the inconsistency of binding entropy (2008)

It is an accepted practice in ligand design to introduce conformational constraint with the expectation of improving affinity, justified by the theoretical possibility that an unfavorable change in binding entropy will be reduced. This rationale of minimizing the entropic penalty through imposing structural constraints upon a ligand, however, has been voiced more often than verified. Here we examine three modified cyclic peptides, along with multiple versions of their linear control analogs, and determine their thermodynamic parameters when binding the same host, the third PDZ domain (PDZ3) of the mammalian postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) protein. To begin a two-stage investigation, the initial evaluation involved solution binding studies with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which provided the changes in Gibbs free energy (DeltaG), enthalpy (DeltaH), and entropy (TDeltaS) upon formation of the protein-ligand complex. In the second stage, a selected macrocycle along with two matched linear controls were subjected to more rigorous analysis by ITC, which included (1) change in heat of buffer ionization (DeltaH(ion)) titrations, to examine the role of proton transfer events; (2) change in heat capacity (DeltaC(p)) determinations, to indirectly probe the nature of the binding surface; and (3) osmotic stress experiments, to evaluate desolvation effects and quantitate water release. Together, these demonstrate that the entropic relationship between a macrocyclic ligand and a linear counterpart can be a complex one that is difficult to rationalize. Further, the addition of constraint can, counterintuitively, lead to a less favorable change in binding entropy. This underscores the need to use matched linear control ligands to assure that comparisons are made in a meaningful manner.
N6,C8-Disubstituted Adenosine Derivatives as Partial Agonists for Adenosine A1 Receptors (1996)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of N6, C8-disubstituted derivatives of adenosine as potential partial agonists for adenosine receptors is described. Via three routes, two series of compounds were prepared, viz., N6-cyclopentyladenosine derivatives 3a-e and C8-(cyclopentylamino)adenosine analogs 3e and 9a-d, respectively. The X-ray structure determination of one of these compounds, N6-ethyl-8(cyclopentylamino)adenosine (9b), was carried out (orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) (No. 19) with a = 11.039(3), b = 8.708(2), and c = 24.815(12) angstrom, Z=4,R1=0.0974,R2(W) = 0.2455). Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding, the ribose moiety of this compound is in an anti conformation. The compounds were tested in vitro in radioligand binding studies, yielding their affinities for A1 and A2a adenosine receptors. All compounds appeared A1 selective, with affinities in the high nanomolar, low micromolar range. On A1 receptors the so-called GTP shift was also determined, i.e., the ratio between the affinities measured in the presence and absence of 1 mM GTP. All GTP shifts (values between 1.1 and 3.8) were lower than the GTP shift for CPA (6.0). This GTP shift appeared indicative for partial agonism in vivo, since the N6-cyclopentyladenosine derivatives showed lower intrinsic activities than the prototypic full agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine on the decrease in heart rate in conscious, normotensive rats.
Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology (1997)

Widespread use of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to differentiate strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor the transmission of tuberculosis has been hampered by the need to culture this slow-growing organism and by the level of technical sophistication needed for RFLP typing. We have developed a simple method which allows simultaneous detection and typing of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and reduces the time between suspicion of the disease and typing from 1 or several months to 1 or 3 days. The method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal DR locus, which contains a variable number of short direct repeats interspersed with nonrepetitive spacers. The method is referred to as spacer oligotyping or "spoligotyping" because it is based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides. Most of the clinical isolates tested showed unique hybridization patterns, whereas outbreak strains shared the same spoligotype. The types obtained from direct examination of clinical samples were identical to those obtained by using DNA from cultured M. tuberculosis. This novel preliminary study shows that the novel method may be a useful tool for rapid disclosure of linked outbreak cases in a community, in hospitals, or in other institutions and for monitoring of transmission of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis. Unexpectedly, spoligotyping was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
Assessment of effects of protein binding on daptomycin and vancomycin killing of Staphylococcus aureus by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (1990)

Initial clinical trials with daptomycin (2 mg/kg per day) were prematurely suspended because of unexplained treatment failures in patients with bacteremia who were treated with daptomycin, despite in vitro data indicating that the gram-positive cocci causing the infection were susceptible to daptomycin. One explanation for these clinical failures may relate to the relatively high degree of daptomycin protein binding (94%). To evaluate the impact of protein on daptomycin activity, a two-chamber in vitro pharmacodynamic model was used to study and compare the interaction between Staphylococcus aureus (clinical isolate) and either daptomycin or vancomycin, each in the presence and absence of physiologic human albumin concentrations. Low-dose (2 mg/kg) daptomycin, high-dose (6 mg/kg) daptomycin, and 10 mg of vancomycin per kg beta-phase elimination serum-concentration-versus-time curves were simulated by using this in vitro pharmacodynamic model. The bacterial kill rates by all three regimens were decreased in the presence of albumin (P less than 0.0002). The average times required for a 99% kill of the initial S. aureus inocula (approximately 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml) without albumin were 0.81 (low-dose daptomycin), 0.33 (high-dose daptomycin), and 6.18 (vancomycin) h. The average times required for a 99% kill of S. aureus with albumin were 7.66 (low-dose daptomycin), 0.95 (high-dose daptomycin), and 10.52 (vancomycin) h. These data demonstrate that, depending on the concentration of daptomycin, the presence of albumin can profoundly diminish the bactericidal activity of daptomycin.
The Therapeutic Potential of Ribozymes (1998)

Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules that recognize their target RNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. They can therefore be used to inhibit deleterious gene expression (by cleavage of the target mRNA) or even repair mutant cellular RNAs. Targets such as the mRNAs of oncogenes (resulting from base mutations or chromosome translocations, eg, ras or bcr-abl) and viral genomes and transcripts (human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 [HIV-1]) are ideal targets for such sequence-specific agents. The aim of this review is therefore to introduce the different classes of ribozymes, highlighting some of the chemistry of the reactions they catalyze, to address the specific inhibition of genes by ribozymes, the problems yet to be resolved, and how new developments in the field give hope to the future for ribozymes in the therapeutic field.
Clinical trials: Some reflections (1982)

The principles and historical development of clinical trials are outlined briefly. Some issues that extend the basic philosophy first put forward by Sir Austin Bradford Hill 40 years ago and that will need consideration in the future application of clinical trials are discussed.
Platelet‐derived and insulin‐like growth factors stimulate regeneration of periodontal attachment in monkeys (1992)

Regeneration of cementum, ligament, bone and new attachment was achieved by introducing mixtures of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor into debrided lesions of experimentally induced periodontitis in monkeys. This growth factor therapeutic regimen induced the regeneration of nearly 50% of the lost attachment within 4 weeks. New attachment in some cases included regeneration of horizontally resorbed interdental septa. These observations suggest that predictable, clinically significant gains in new attachment may be possible through the use of highly purified human recombinant growth factors delivered to debrided lesions of adult periodontitis in appropriate, inert carrier vehicles.