gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties of strained AlN/GaN superlattices on GaN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2002)

We have studied the temperature dependence of electrical properties of crack-free strained AlN/GaN superlattices (SLs) on GaN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A (0001) sapphire substrate was used. A single AlN on GaN and one and five pairs of AlN/GaN superlattices were grown using N2 carrier gas. The thicknesses of AlN and GaN in the superlattices were 1 and 5 nm, respectively. Hall measurements were performed at 295–20 K. The five pairs of AlN/GaN SLs on GaN showed an electron mobility of 9925 cm2/V s and a sheet carrier density of 1.14×1012 cm−2 at 20 K, and 1354 cm2/V s and 1.14×1012 cm−2 at 295 K.
Dicer-dependent microRNA pathway safeguards regulatory T cell function (2008)

Regulatory T (T reg) cells are indispensable for preventing autoimmunity. Incumbent to this role is the ability of T reg cells to exert their suppressor function under inflammatory conditions. We found that T reg cell-mediated tolerance is critically dependent on the Dicer-controlled microRNA (miRNA) pathway. Depletion of miRNA within the T reg cell lineage resulted in fatal autoimmunity indistinguishable from that in T reg cell-deficient mice. In disease-free mice lacking Dicer in all T cells or harboring both Dicer-deficient and -sufficient T reg cells, Dicer-deficient T reg cells were suppressive, albeit to a lesser degree, whereas their homeostatic potential was diminished as compared with their Dicer-sufficient counterparts. However, in diseased mice, Dicer-deficient T reg cells completely lost suppressor capacity. Thus, miRNA preserve the T reg cell functional program under inflammatory conditions.
Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Novel Resveratrol Glucoside and Glycoside Derivatives (2014)

A UDP glucosyltransferase from Bacillus licheniformis was overexpressed, purified, and incubated with nucleotide diphosphate (NDP) d- and l-sugars to produce glucose, galactose, 2-deoxyglucose, viosamine, rhamnose, and fucose sugar-conjugated resveratrol glycosides. Significantly higher (90%) bioconversion of resveratrol was achieved with α-d-glucose as the sugar donor to produce four different glucosides of resveratrol: resveratrol 3-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol 4'-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol 3,5-O-β-d-diglucoside, and resveratrol 3,5,4'-O-β-d-triglucoside. The conversion rates and numbers of products formed were found to vary with the other NDP sugar donors. Resveratrol 3-O-β-d-2-deoxyglucoside and resveratrol 3,5-O-β-d-di-2-deoxyglucoside were found to be produced using TDP-2-deoxyglucose as a donor; however, the monoglycosides resveratrol 4'-O-β-d-galactoside, resveratrol 4'-O-β-d-viosaminoside, resveratrol 3-O-β-l-rhamnoside, and resveratrol 3-O-β-l-fucoside were produced from the respective sugar donors. Altogether, 10 diverse glycoside derivatives of the medically important resveratrol were generated, demonstrating the capacity of YjiC to produce structurally diverse resveratrol glycosides.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of polyphenols in arthritis (2017)

Polyphenols have been extensively investigated with regard to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulant properties in many inflammatory chronic conditions. The aim of this review is to summarise how these compounds can modulate the inflammatory pathways which characterise the most prevalent arthropathies including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and crystal-induced arthritis. Among polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, carnosol, hydroxytyrosol, curcumin, resveratrol, kaempferol and genistein have been the most widely investigated in arthritis. The most important results of the studies outlined in this article show how polyphenolic compounds are able to inhibit the expression and the release of a number of pro-inflammatory mediators and proteolytic enzymes, the activity of different transcriptional factors and the production of reactive oxygen species in vitro. Studies on animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gout show interesting results in terms of reduced tissue damage, restored cartilage homeostasis, and decreased levels of uric acid, respectively. Despite the multiple protective effects of polyphenols, there are no dietary recommendations for patients affected by rheumatic diseases. Future studies, including intervention trials, should be conducted to determine the relevance of polyphenols consumption or supplementation in arthritis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dynamics of factor VIII interactions determine its immunologic fate in hemophilia A (2008)

Procoagulant factor VIII (FVIII) is either produced endogenously under physiologic conditions, or administered exogenously as a therapeutic hemostatic drug in patients with hemophilia A. In the circulation, FVIII interacts with a multitude of glycoproteins, and may be used for coagulation at the sites of bleeding, eliminated by scavenger cells, or processed by the immune system, either as a self-constituent or as a foreign antigen. The fate of FVIII is dictated by the immune status of the individual, the location of FVIII in the body at a given time point, and the inflammatory microenvironment. It also depends on the local concentration of FVIII and of each interacting partner, and on the affinity of the respective interactions. FVIII, by virtue of its promiscuity, thus constitutes the core of a dynamic network that links the coagulation cascade, cells of the immune system, and, presumably, the inflammatory compartment. We describe the different interactions that FVIII is prone to establish during its life cycle, with a special focus on players of the innate and adaptive immune response. Lessons can be learned from understanding the dynamics of FVIII interactions--lessons that should pave the way to the conception of long-lasting hemostatic drugs devoid of iatrogenic immunogenicity.
Molecular characterization of a novel serine protease involved in activation of the complement system by mannose-binding protein (1994)

Mannose-binding protein (MBP) plays an important role in host defense by recognizing sugar residues on certain pathogens and activating the complement cascade. Recently, we described a new protease, designated MBP-associated serine protease (MASP) which is required for complement activation by MBP. We have cloned the cDNA that encodes this protease and found that the deduced amino acid sequence contains an epidermal growth factor-like domain, two short consensus repeats and a serine protease domain. The overall structure of MASP is similar to serine proteases of the first complement component complex, C1r-C1s. Unlike C1r-C1s, however, MASP has a histidine loop structure common to many serine proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. The MASP gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 3 which is different from C1r-C1s as well as from trypsin and chymotrypsin. These findings suggest that MASP may have emerged prior to C1r-C1s from a common ancestor. This implies that MBP-MASP, a complex of lectin and serine protease, presumably evolved prior to adaptive immune recognition involving antibody and the classical complement pathway.
A video DSP with a macroblock-level-pipeline and a SIMD type vector-pipeline architecture for MPEG2 CODEC (1994)

A video DSP with macroblock-level-pipeline and a SIMD type vector-pipeline architecture (VDSP2) has been developed, using 0.5 /spl mu/m triple-layer-metal CMOS technology. This 17.00 mm/spl times/15.00 mm chip consists of 2.5 M transistors, and operates at 100 MHz. The real-time encoder and decoder specified in the MPEG2 main profile at the main level can be realized with two VDSP2's and a motion estimation (ME) unit, and one VDSP2 respectively, at an 80 MHz clock rate, with a total power dissipation of 4.2 W at 3.3 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Somatomedin Hypothesis: 2001 (2001)

Since the original somatomedin hypothesis was conceived, a number of important discoveries have allowed investigators to modify the concept. Originally somatic growth was thought to be controlled by pituitary GH and mediated by circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I, somatomedin C) expressed exclusively by the liver. With the discovery that IGF-I is produced by most, if not all, tissues, the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-I vs. the circulating form has been hotly debated. Recent experiments using transgenic and gene-deletion technologies have attempted to answer these questions. In the liverspecific igf-1 gene-deleted mouse model, postnatal growth and development are normal despite the marked reduction in circulating IGF-I and IGF-binding protein levels; free IGF-I levels are normal. Thus, the normal postnatal growth and development in these animals may be due to normal free IGF-I levels (from as yet unidentified sources), although the role of autocrine/paracrine IGF-I has yet to be determined.
Cloning, Overproduction, and Characterization of the Escherichia coli Holo-acyl Carrier Protein Synthase (1995)

Holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) transfers the 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-PP) moiety from coenzyme A (CoA) to Ser-36 of acyl carrier protein (ACP) in Escherichia coli. This post-translational modification renders holo-ACP capable of acyl group activation via thioesterification of the cysteamine thiol of 4'-PP. We have purified E. coli ACPS to near homogeneity by exploiting the ability to refold ACPS and reconstitute its activity after elution from an apo-ACP affinity column under denaturing conditions. N-terminal sequencing of ACPS allowed us to identify dpj, an essential gene of previously unknown function, as the structural gene for ACPS. We report herein the 70,000-fold purification of wild-type ACPS and the overproduction and initial characterization of recombinant ACPS from E. coli.
The state as enabler and disruptor : state capture (2016)

The structure and focus of the state can be mobilised to enable real transformation and to disrupt a dysfunctional status quo.
Diversity and multiplexing: a fundamental tradeoff in multiple-antenna channels (2003)

Multiple antennas can be used for increasing the amount of diversity or the number of degrees of freedom in wireless communication systems. We propose the point of view that both types of gains can be simultaneously obtained for a given multiple-antenna channel, but there is a fundamental tradeoff between how much of each any coding scheme can get. For the richly scattered Rayleigh-fading channel, we give a simple characterization of the optimal tradeoff curve and use it to evaluate the performance of existing multiple antenna schemes.
Analysis of protein interactions within the cytokinin‐signaling pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

The signal of the plant hormone cytokinin is perceived by membrane-located sensor histidine kinases and transduced by other members of the plant two-component system. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 28 two-component system proteins (phosphotransmitters and response regulators) act downstream of three receptors, transmitting the signal from the membrane to the nucleus and modulating the cellular response. Although the principal signaling mechanism has been elucidated, redundancy in the system has made it difficult to understand which of the many components interact to control the downstream biological processes. Here, we present a large-scale interaction study comprising most members of the Arabidopsis cytokinin signaling pathway. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we detected 42 new interactions, of which more than 90% were confirmed by in vitro coaffinity purification. There are distinct patterns of interaction between protein families, but only a few interactions between proteins of the same family. An interaction map of this signaling pathway shows the Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer proteins as hubs, which interact with members from all other protein families, mostly in a redundant fashion. Domain-mapping experiments revealed the interaction domains of the proteins of this pathway. Analyses of Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer protein 5 mutant proteins showed that the presence of the canonical phospho-accepting histidine residue is not required for the interactions. Interaction of A-type response regulators with Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer proteins but not with B-type response regulators suggests that their known activity in feedback regulation may be realized by interfering at the level of Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer protein-mediated signaling. This study contributes to our understanding of the protein interactions of the cytokinin-signaling system and provides a framework for further functional studies in planta.
The disappearance kinetics and glomerular deposition of small-latticed soluble immune complexes. (1982)

The disappearance from circulation and the glomerular localization of human serum albumin (HSA) anti-HSA complexes made at fifty-fold antigen excess were examined in mice and compared with the same features of complexes made at five-fold antigen excess. Complexes prepared at fifty-fold antigen excess consisted principally of small-latticed complexes (Ag2Ab2 and Ag1Ab1) that persisted in the circulation after the initial rapid disappearance attributed to extravasation. The presence of small-latticed complexes in the circulation did not lead to glomerular localization of complexes during a 96 hr period. In contrast, when large-latticed soluble complexes, prepared at five-fold antigen excess, were injected, abundant glomerular deposits developed. These observations indicate that the lattice of circulating immune complexes must exceed the Ag2Ab2 structure in order for glomerular deposition to occur.
Intracellular free calcium level and its response to cAMP stimulation in developing Dictyostelium cells transformed with jellyfish apoaequorin cDNA (1994)

A new method is described for measuring intracellular free calcium concentrations, [(Ca2+)i], in the cells of Dictyostelium discoideum transformed with apoaequorin cDNA of the jellyfish, Aequorea victoria. Aequorin, a calcium-specific indicator, was regenerated in vivo from apoaequorin produced in the cells by incubation with coelenterazine. The results showed that [(Ca2+)i] in developing cells markedly increases at the aggregation stage and again at the culmination stage after a temporary drop at the migration stage. Except for the vegetative stage, the cells at all stages of development exhibit a sharp transient increase in [(Ca2+)i] upon stimulation with a cAMP (50 nM) pulse, high responses being observed at the migration and culmination stages. Separated prestalk cells of migrating slugs contain more than twice as much [(Ca2+)i] and show three times as large a response to cAMP stimulation as prespore cells.
Ribonuclease "XlaI," an activity from Xenopus laevis oocytes that excises intervening sequences from yeast transfer ribonucleic acid precursors. (1981)

A ribonuclease (RNase) activity, RNase "XlaI," responsible for the excision of intervening sequences from two yeast transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) precursors, pre-tRNA(Tyr) and pre-tRNA(3Leu), has been purified 54-fold from nuclear extracts of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The RNase preparation is essentially free of contaminating RNase. A quantitative assay for RNase XlaI was developed, and the reaction products were characterized. RNase XlaI cleavage sites in the yeast tRNA precursors were identical to those made by yeast extracts (including 3'-phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini). Cleavage of pre-tRNA(3Leu) by RNase XlaI and subsequent ligation of the half-tRNA molecules do not require removal of the 5' leader or 3' trailer sequences.
Term amniotic membrane is a high throughput source for multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro (2007)

The current study suggests that AM-hMSCs may emerge as a remarkable tool for the cell therapy of multiple diseased tissues. AM-hMSCs may potentially assist both bone and cartilage repair, nevertheless, due to their angiogenic potential, they may also pave the way for novel approaches in the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts which are useful when vascularization of ischemic tissues is required.
Virtual circuit provision in optical networks (1998)

The main challenge in the design of future broadband networks is to efficiently support high-bandwidth multimedia services. Recent advances in the WDM technologies reveal that all optical networks offering multi-gigabit rate per wavelength may soon become economical as the underlying backbone in wide-area networks. Two issues are the essential in the design of this future WDM networks: the support of end-to-end virtual connections, and the support of diverse QoS services. The existing proposals in the design of WDM networks have largely focused on supporting a single type of service, whether it is circuit switching or datagram, and relatively less attention has been given to guaranteeing the Quality-of-Service (QoS) of individual traffic stream at each station. In this paper, we introduce a new hierarchical scheduling framework, in which we separate the flow (VC) scheduling from the transmission scheduling. We show such separation is essential for achieving scalability such that large user population can be accommodated, and also for offering flexibility in that optimal scheduling algorithms can be derived in different level that can be best tuned to the specific system requirements. The salient feature of the proposed scheduling mechanism is that it takes into account potentially different quality of service (QoS) requirements from different traffic flows (VCs). The results show that the proposed mechanism is indeed capable of providing QoS guarantee for both real-time and non-real-time applications while at the same time achieving high overall throughput.
Follow-up evaluation of prostate cancer patients infused with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with PSMA peptides (1997)

The responses observed in this phase I clinical trial are significant and of long duration. Most of the responders were in treatment groups infused with DC pulsed with PSM-P1 or -P2, suggesting the requirement of both components for effective immunotherapy.
Low-angle laser light scattering measurements on highly purified sodium hyaluronate from rooster comb. (1988)

Using highly purified sodium hyaluronate from rooster comb, we studied the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight obtained by the low-angle laser light scattering technique.The equation of the relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is [η]=3.9×10-4×M 0.77 w. Gel permeation chromatography of the hyaluronate preparations was also performed.
Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time of unknown etiology: A prospective study of 100 consecutive cases referred for consultation (1988)

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is frequently used to assess overall competency of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. An abnormal value may be caused by any of several abnormalities along this pathway or by many other variables including the presence of inhibitors, poor collection of the sample, or variables in the laboratory. When the cause for the prolongation is unknown to the requesting physician, the hematologist may be consulted. In this prospective study, the cause and perceived hemostatic risk to 100 consecutive patients referred to use for consultation regarding a prolonged aPTT of previous unknown cause were evaluated. We found that these abnormal aPTTs may be either indicative of a hemostatic defect, in 50% of the cases, or of no particular risk, in 36% of the cases. In 14%, the aPTT was artifactually prolonged. Most (81%) patients with a prolonged aPTT due to a hemostatic defect had an abnormal hemostatic history but some (19%) did not. Even among true abnormal tests, the degree of abnormality indicated little or nothing about hemostatic competency. We conclude that the cause of an abnormal aPTT is more important than the result itself. These data may be of use to those who consult on such matters.
Fluid mechanics of eating, swallowing and digestion – overview and perspectives (2012)

From a very simplistic viewpoint, the human digestive system can be regarded as a long tube (with dramatic variations in diameter, cross-section, wall properties, pumping mechanisms, regulating valves and in-line sensors). We single out a few fluid mechanical phenomena along the trajectory of a food bolus from the mouth to the small intestine and discuss how they influence sensorial perception, safe transport, and nutrient absorption from a bolus. The focus is on lubrication flows between the tongue and palate, the oropharyngeal stage of swallowing and effects of flow on absorption in the small intestine. Specific challenges and opportunities in this research area are highlighted.
Norepinephrine and iloprost improve barrier function of human endothelial cell monolayers: role of cAMP (1991)

The barrier function of human artery endothelial cells was improved by addition of agents that increase the cellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration. Together with a decrease in the passage rate of peroxidase, an increase in the transendothelial electrical resistance was observed. A direct correlation was found between the relative increases in cellular cAMP concentration and the relative decrease in peroxidase passage after incubation of the cells with forskolin (0.25 and 2.5 microM), the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (10 microM), and the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost (10 microM). Norepinephrine (10 microM) reduced the peroxidase passage to a much larger extent (40% reduction) than might be expected on the basis of a small increase of cAMP concentration. This small increase in cAMP (44%) was the result of interactions of norepinephrine with beta-adrenergic receptors, which increase cAMP, and alpha-adrenergic receptors, which decrease cAMP. The relatively strong reduction in permeability (also found in the presence of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine) suggests that an additional cAMP-independent mechanism underlaid the barrier-improving effect of norepinephrine. A marked elevation of cAMP by forskolin was accompanied by a disappearance of F-actin and myosin from stress fibers. They were found diffusely spread over the cell, and F-actin in the cell periphery became prominently visible.
Noncontact common-path Fourier domain optical coherence tomography method for in vitro intraocular lens power measurement (2011)

We propose a novel common-path Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (CP-FD-OCT) method for noncontact, accurate, and objective in vitro measurement of the dioptric power of intraocular lenses (IOLs) implants. The CP-FD-OCT method principle of operation is based on simple two-dimensional scanning common-path Fourier domain optical coherence tomography. By reconstructing the anterior and posterior IOL surfaces, the radii of the two surfaces, and thus the IOL dioptric power are determined. The CP-FD-OCT design provides high accuracy of IOL surface reconstruction. The axial position detection accuracy is calibrated at 1.22 μm in balanced saline solution used for simulation of in situ conditions. The lateral sampling rate is controlled by the step size of linear scanning systems. IOL samples with labeled dioptric power in the low-power (5D), mid-power (20D and 22D), and high-power (36D) ranges under in situ conditions are tested. We obtained a mean power of 4.95/20.11/22.09/36.25 D with high levels of repeatability estimated by a standard deviation of 0.10/0.18/0.2/0.58 D and a relative error of 2/0.9/0.9/1.6%, based on five measurements for each IOL respectively. The new CP-FD-OCT method provides an independent source of IOL power measurement data as well as information for evaluating other optical properties of IOLs such as refractive index, central thickness, and aberrations.