gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of pore pressure and confining pressure on dynamic elastic properties of Berea Sandstone (1985)

Abstract Compressional- and shear-wave velocities of water-saturated Berea sandstone have been measured as functions of confining and pore pressures to 2 kbar. The velocities, measured by the pulse transmission technique, were obtained at selected pressures for the purpose of evaluating the relative importance of confining pressure and pore pressure on elastic wave velocities and derived dynamic elastic constants. Changes in Berea sandstone velocities resulting from changes in confining pressure are not exactly canceled by equivalent changes in pore pressure. For properties that involve significant bulk compression (compressional-wave velocities and bulk modulus) an incremental change in pore pressure does not entirely cancel a similar change in confining pressure. On the other hand, it is shown that a pore pressure increment more than cancels an equivalent change in confining pressure for properties that depend significantly on rigidity (shear-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio). This behavior (as well as observed wave amplitudes) is related to the presence of high-compressibility clay that lines grains and pores within the quartz framework of the Berea sandstone.
Role of beta 1, beta 2 integrins and ICAM-1 in lung injury after deposition of IgG and IgA immune complexes (1993)

After intrapulmonary deposition of IgG or IgA immune complexes, injury has been recently shown to be CD18-dependent in both cases and E-selection-dependent only in the former case. In our studies further evaluation of the requirements for beta 1 and beta 2 integrins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) has been undertaken. In the IgG immune complex model, which is neutrophil dependent, anti-CD11a reduced injury (as measured by changes in permeability and hemorrhage) by 61 and 43%, respectively, whereas a newly developed anti-CD11b produced minimal protection (16 and 19%, respectively). Treatment of rats with increasing doses (1.5- and 3.0-fold) of antibody to rat CD11b failed to demonstrate additional protective effects in this model of injury. Anti-ICAM-1 reduced the parameters of injury by 61 and 78%, respectively, while anti-VLA-4 reduced the injury parameters by 40 and 35%, respectively. There were reductions in lung content of myeloperoxidase, roughly corresponding to the protective effects of the interventions. In the IgA immune complex model of injury, in which lung macrophages appear to be the effector cells, anti-CD11a reduced the injury parameters (permeability and hemorrhage) by 36 and 33%, respectively, whereas anti-CD11b reduced the parameters of injury by 63 and 67%, respectively. In this model, anti-ICAM-1 reduced the parameters of injury by 61 and 56%, respectively, while anti-VLA-4 reduced the parameters by 77 and 62%, respectively. The cell content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids revealed changes that have been shown to reflect protective interventions in both models of immune complex-induced injury. These findings suggest that, in IgG and IgA immune complex models of lung injury, both VLA-4 and ICAM-1 are required, although lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 is the predominant beta 2 integrin requirement in the IgG immune complex-induced model of injury and Mac-1 is the predominant requirement for IgA immune complex-induced lung injury. Thus, engagement in the lung of adhesion molecules in a manner leading to injury depends on the nature of the inflammatory stimulus and the type of phagocytic cells involved in the development of injury.
Application of Electrolyzed Acid Water to Sterilization of Denture Base Part 1. Examination of Sterilization Effects on Resin Plate. (2001)

Bactericidal activities of electrolyzed strong and weak acid waters for acrylic denture base resin were evaluated in order to discuss the applicability of these waters for sterilization of denture base. Only 1-minute immersion in the electrolyzed strong or weak acid water could completely eliminate the attached bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus 209P, on the resin plate. When the resin was relined with tissue conditioner, 5-minute immersion or 1- to 2-minute ultrasonic cleaning reduced the number of the bacteria from 10(5)/cm2 level to 10(1)/cm2 and no surviving bacteria could be detected after 10-minute treatment. These findings suggest that both the electrolyzed strong and weak acid waters are well applicable to the disinfectant for acrylic denture base showing excellent bactericidal activities in a significantly shorter treatment as compared with the conventional denture cleaning.
Structural Properties of Lateral Collateral Ligament Reconstruction at the Fibular Head (2005)

Although fibular interference fixation is increasingly being described in the literature, the properties of reconstructed lateral collateral ligaments have not previously been quantified.
Potentiation of platinum antitumor effects in human lung tumor xenografts by the angiogenesis inhibitor squalamine: effects on tumor neovascularization. (1999)

Squalamine is a novel anti-angiogenic aminosterol that is postulated to inhibit neovascularization by selectively inhibiting the sodium-hydrogen antiporter exchanger. To determine how to most effectively use this agent in patients with cancer, we examined the antitumor effects of squalamine with or without cytotoxic agents in human lung cancer xenografts and correlated these observations with the degree of tumor neovascularization. No direct cytotoxic effects of squalamine against tumor cells were observed in vitro with or without cisplatin. Squalamine was effective in inhibiting the establishment of H460 human tumors in BALBc nude mice but was ineffective in inhibiting the growth of H460, CALU-6, or NL20T-A human tumor xenografts when administered i.p. to mice bearing established tumors. However, when combined with cisplatin or carboplatin, squalamine increased tumor growth delay by > or =1.5-fold in the three human lung carcinoma cell lines compared with cisplatin or carboplatin alone. No enhancement of antitumor activity was observed when squalamine was combined with paclitaxel, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, or docetaxel. Repeated cycles of squalamine plus cisplatin administration delayed H460 tumor growth >8.6-fold. Squalamine plus cisplatin reduced CD31 vessel formation by 25% compared with controls, squalamine alone, or cisplatin alone; however, no inhibition in CD31 vessel formation was observed when squalamine was combined with vinorelbine. These data demonstrate that the combination of squalamine and a platinum analog has significant preclinical antitumor activity against human lung cancer that is related to the anti-angiogenic effects of squalamine.
Audio-visual speaker recognition for video broadcast news: some fusion techniques (1999)

Audio-based speaker identification degrades severely when there is a mismatch between training and test conditions either due to channel or noise. In this paper, we explore various techniques to fuse video based speaker identification with audio-based speaker identification to improve the performance under mismatched conditions. Specifically, we explore techniques to optimally determine the relative weights of the independent decisions based on audio and video to achieve the best combination. Experiments on video broadcast news data suggest that significant improvements can be achieved by the combination in acoustically degraded conditions.
A non-fullerene acceptor with a fully fused backbone for efficient polymer solar cells with a high open-circuit voltage (2016)

A planar perylene diimide derivative with a high efficiency of 7.33% and high voltage of 0.99 V is presented.
Thiazolidinediones produce a conformational change in peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: binding and activation correlate with antidiabetic actions in db/db mice. (1996)

The thiazolidinediones are novel insulin sensitizers that serve as orally active antidiabetic agents, in rodents, nonhuman primates, and man. We have examined the effects of 4-week oral administration of three thiazolidinediones (AD-5075, BRL 49653, and CS-045) on plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations in obese hyperglycemic db/db mice. All three agents lower plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations. Normal levels of glucose are achieved after treatment with AD-5075 (> 1.7 mg/kg) or BRL 49653 (> or = 30 mg/kg), whereas CS-045 (100 or 300 mg/kg) produces only modest reductions in either parameter. Although the thiazolidinediones have demonstrated insulin-sensitizing activities both in vivo and in vitro, their primary molecular target has been unclear. We have compared the in vivo antidiabetic actions described above with the in vitro activities on peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma). Hamster PPAR gamma 1 was transiently expressed in COS-1 cells to study the binding of [3H]AD-5075. The concentrations of compounds needed to displace radiolabeled AD-5075 from PPAR gamma correlate with their in vivo potency; the Ki values for displacement by cold AD-5075, BRL 49653, and CS-045 are 22, 68, and 1600 nM, respectively. To examine activation of the receptor, it was transiently cotransfected into COS-1 cells with a reporter plasmid containing two copies of a peroxisome proliferator response element. The EC50 values for activation are 2, 6, and 140 nM for AD-5075, BRL 49653, and CS-045, respectively. We have also analyzed limited proteolytic digests of in vitro translated hamster PPAR gamma. The thiazolidinediones produce a conformational change in PPAR gamma analogous to those produced by agonists of other nuclear hormone receptors. In the presence of saturating concentrations of either AD-5075 or BRL 49653, a receptor fragment of 27 kDa is protected from proteolysis by trypsin. These data support the conclusion that the antidiabetic actions of the thiazolidinediones are directly mediated through binding to PPAR gamma and the resulting active conformation of the receptor. Therefore, binding and transactivation assays using PPAR gamma should serve to identify other novel therapeutic agents with potential antidiabetic activities.
Ordered Firing in Petri Nets (1981)

Two simple rules for solving conflicts and for ordering the firings of tronsitions in a Petri net are studied: 1. The "Maximum Strategy" (Salwicki, Müldner) whereby maximal sets of simultaneously fireble transitions are fired. 2. Firing in the order of enabling of transitions by some queue regimes. In both cases the computational power of Petri nets is extended up to the power of counter machines. As a consequence, the reachability, boundedness and liveness problems are all undecidable if the firing of transitions is ordered by the Maximum Strategy or by the considered queue regimes.
Protein analyst--a distributed object environment for protein sequence and structure analysis. (1999)

The software will be available from the Oxford Molecular Biolib web site (http://www. oxmol.co.uk/biolib) and will be free to the academic research community.
Anti-IL-4 as a New Strategy in Allergy (2012)

Allergic diseases are characterized by an overreaction characterized by Th2-type cell response, and as a consequence, an IgE-switched B cell immunity. Obviously, type-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13) and particularly IL-4 have been identified as potential targets for allergy treatment. While initial experiences using anti-IL-4 principles in asthma were rather ambiguous, more recent studies using an IL-4 mute in blocking the IL-4 and IL-13 receptor have shown promising results. Furthermore, our understanding of IL-4 biology is more specific and may promote more targeted interventions. A key function of IL-4 is the induction of 'master switch' transcription factor GATA3 that drives Th2 differentiation and also effectively inhibits the induction of regulatory T cells. Consequences for treatment of allergic diseases are also discussed.
Endothelial cell cytosolic free calcium regulates neutrophil migration across monolayers of endothelial cells. (1993)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) traverse an endothelial cell (EC) barrier by crawling between neighboring EC. Whether EC regulate the integrity of their intercellular adhesive and junctional contacts in response to chemotaxing PMN is unresolved. EC respond to the binding of soluble mediators such as histamine by increasing their cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca++]i) (Rotrosen, D., and J.I. Gallin. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2379-2387) and undergoing shape changes (Majno, G., S. M. Shea, and M. Leventhal. 1969. J. Cell Biol. 42:617-672). Substances such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and thrombin, which increased the permeability of EC monolayers to ions, as measured by the electrical resistance of the monolayers, transiently increased EC [Ca++]i. To determine whether chemotaxing PMN cause similar changes in EC [Ca++]i, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) maintained as monolayers were loaded with fura-2. [Ca++]i was measured in single EC during PMN adhesion to and migration across these monolayers. PMN-EC adhesion and transendothelial PMN migration in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) as well as to interleukin 1 (IL-1) treated EC induced a transient increase in EC [Ca++]i which temporally corresponded with the time course of PMN-EC interactions. When EC [Ca++]i was clamped at resting levels with a cell permeant calcium buffer, PMN migration across EC monolayers and PMN induced changes in EC monolayer permeability were inhibited. However, clamping of EC [Ca++]i did not inhibit PMN-EC adhesion. These studies provide evidence that EC respond to stimulated PMN by increasing their [Ca++]i and that this increase in [Ca++]i causes an increase in EC monolayer permeability. Such [Ca++]i increases are required for PMN transit across an EC barrier. We suggest EC [Ca++]i regulates transendothelial migration of PMN by participating in a signal cascade which stimulates EC to open their intercellular junctions to allow transendothelial passage of leukocytes.
Generation of Live Attenuated Novel Influenza Virus A/California/7/09 (H1N1) Vaccines with High Yield in Embryonated Chicken Eggs (2009)

Several live attenuated influenza virus A/California/7/09 (H1N1) (CA09) candidate vaccine variants that possess the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from the CA09 virus and six internal protein gene segments from the cold-adapted influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) virus were generated by reverse genetics. The reassortant viruses replicated relatively poorly in embryonated chicken eggs. To improve virus growth in eggs, reassortants expressing the HA and NA of CA09 were passaged in MDCK cells and variants exhibiting large-plaque morphology were isolated. These variants replicated at levels approximately 10-fold higher than the rate of replication of the parental strains in embryonated chicken eggs. Sequence analysis indicated that single amino acid changes at positions 119, 153, 154, and 186 were responsible for the improved growth properties in MDCK cells and eggs. In addition, the introduction of a mutation at residue 155 that was previously shown to enhance the replication of a 1976 swine influenza virus also significantly improved the replication of the CA09 virus in eggs. Each variant was further evaluated for receptor binding preference, antigenicity, attenuation phenotype, and immunogenicity. Mutations at residues 153, 154, and 155 drastically reduced viral antigenicity, which made these mutants unsuitable as vaccine candidates. However, changes at residues 119 and 186 did not affect virus antigenicity or immunogenicity, justifying their inclusion in live attenuated vaccine candidates to protect against the currently circulating 2009 swine origin H1N1 viruses.
Development of Minimal Lentivirus Vectors Derived from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIVmac251) and Their Use for Gene Transfer into Human Dendritic Cells (2000)

Lentivirus-derived vectors are very promising gene delivery systems since they are able to transduce nonproliferating differentiated cells, while murine leukemia virus-based vectors can only transduce cycling cells. Here we report the construction and characterization of highly efficient minimal vectors derived from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251). High-fidelity PCR amplification of DNA fragments was used to generate a minimal SIV vector formed from a 5' cytomegalovirus early promoter, the 5' viral sequences up to the 5' end of gag required for reverse transcription and packaging, the Rev-responsive element, a gene-expressing cassette, and the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). Production of SIV vector particles was achieved by transfecting 293T cells with the vector DNA and helper constructs coding for the viral genes and the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G envelope. These SIV vectors were found to have transducing titers reaching 10(7) transducing units/ml on HeLa cells and to deliver a gene without transfer of helper functions to target cells. The central polypurine tract can be included in the minimal vector, resulting in a two- to threefold increase in the transduction titers on dividing or growth-arrested cells. Based on this minimal SIV vector, a sin vector was designed by deleting 151 nucleotides in the 3' LTR U3 region, and this SIV sin vector retained high transduction titers. Furthermore, the minimal SIV vector was efficient at transducing terminally differentiated human CD34(+) cell-derived or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Results show that up to 40% of human primary DCs can be transduced by the SIV vectors. This opens a new perspective in the field of immunotherapy.
Circular Intermediates of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Have Defined Structural Characteristics Responsible for Long-Term Episomal Persistence in Muscle Tissue (1998)

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have demonstrated great utility for long-term gene expression in muscle tissue. However, the mechanisms by which recombinant AAV (rAAV) genomes persist in muscle tissue remain unclear. Using a recombinant shuttle vector, we have demonstrated that circularized rAAV intermediates impart episomal persistence to rAAV genomes in muscle tissue. The majority of circular intermediates had a consistent head-to-tail configuration consisting of monomer genomes which slowly converted to large multimers of >12 kbp by 80 days postinfection. Importantly, long-term transgene expression was associated with prolonged (80-day) episomal persistence of these circular intermediates. Structural features of these circular intermediates responsible for increased persistence included a DNA element encompassing two viral inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) in a head-to-tail orientation, which confers a 10-fold increase in the stability of DNA following incorporation into plasmid-based vectors and transfection into HeLa cells. These studies suggest that certain structural characteristics of AAV circular intermediates may explain long-term episomal persistence with this vector. Such information may also aid in the development of nonviral gene delivery systems with increased efficiency.
Neuroprotection by Selective Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition at 24 Hours After Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia (2002)

Simultaneous and selective inhibition of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase by 2-iminobiotin is a promising strategy for neuroprotection after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.
Evaluating and treating unintentional weight loss in the elderly. (2002)

Elderly patients with unintentional weight loss are at higher risk for infection, depression and death. The leading causes of involuntary weight loss are depression (especially in residents of long-term care facilities), cancer (lung and gastrointestinal malignancies), cardiac disorders and benign gastrointestinal diseases. Medications that may cause nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, dysgeusia and anorexia have been implicated. Polypharmacy can cause unintended weight loss, as can psychotropic medication reduction (i.e., by unmasking problems such as anxiety). A specific cause is not identified in approximately one quarter of elderly patients with unintentional weight loss. A reasonable work-up includes tests dictated by the history and physical examination, a fecal occult blood test, a complete blood count, a chemistry panel, an ultrasensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone test and a urinalysis. Upper gastrointestinal studies have a reasonably high yield in selected patients. Management is directed at treating underlying causes and providing nutritional support. Consideration should be given to the patient's environment and interest in and ability to eat food, the amelioration of symptoms and the provision of adequate nutrition. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has labeled no appetite stimulants for the treatment of weight loss in the elderly.
IL-13 and IFN-γ: Interactions in Lung Inflammation (2001)

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs, such as asthma, are frequently associated with mixed (Th2 and Th1) T cell responses. We examined the impact of critical Th1 and Th2 cytokines, IFN-gamma and IL-13, on the responses in the lungs. In a mouse model of airway inflammation induced by mixed T cell responses, the number of Th1 (IFN-gamma-positive) cells was found to be negatively correlated with airway hyperreactivity. In these mice, blockade of IL-13 partially inhibited airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia but not inflammation. In contrast, in mice that responded with a polarized Th2 response to the same Ag, blockade of IL-13 inhibited airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation. These results indicated that the presence of IFN-gamma would modulate the effects of IL-13 in the lungs. To test this hypothesis, wild-type mice were given recombinant cytokines intranasally. IFN-gamma inhibited IL-13-induced goblet cell hyperplasia and airway eosinophilia. At the same time, IFN-gamma and IL-13 potentiated each other's effects. In the airways of mice given IL-13 and IFN-gamma, levels of IL-6 were increased as well as numbers of NK cells and of CD11c-positive cells expressing MHC class II and high levels of CD86. In conclusion, IFN-gamma has double-sided effects (inhibiting some, potentiating others) on IL-13-induced changes in the lungs. This may be the reason for the ambiguous role of Th1 responses on Th2 response-induced lung injury.
Qualification of a computer program for drill string dynamics (1985)

A four point plan for the qualification of the GEODYN drill string dynamics computer program is described. The qualification plan investigates both modal response and transient response of a short drill string subjected to simulated cutting loads applied through a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit. The experimentally based qualification shows that the analytical techniques included in Phase 1 GEODYN correctly simulate the dynamic response of the bit-drill string system. 6 refs., 8 figs.
Amino acid sequence of homologous rat atrial peptides: natriuretic activity of native and synthetic forms. (1984)

A substance called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), localized in secretory granules of atrial cardiocytes, was isolated as four homologous natriuretic peptides from homogenates of rat atria. The complete sequence of the longest form showed that it is composed of 33 amino acids. The three other shorter forms (2-33, 3-33, and 8-33) represent amino-terminally truncated versions of the 33 amino acid parent molecule as shown by analysis of sequence, amino acid composition, or both. The proposed primary structure agrees entirely with the amino acid composition and reveals no significant sequence homology with any known protein or segment of protein. The short form ANF-(8-33) was synthesized by a multi-fragment condensation approach and the synthetic product was shown to exhibit specific activity comparable to that of the natural ANF-(3-33).
Microsatellite instability as prognostic marker in bladder tumors: a clinical significance (2005)

MSI may be an independent prognostic marker for assessing risk of recurrence in superficial tumors irrespective of the grade. Further studies on progression would help in stratifying the patients of T1G3 for early cystectomy vs bladder preservation protocol.