gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the potential to use tumor-associated antigens as targets for antitumor T cell therapy using transgenic mice expressing a retroviral tumor antigen in normal lymphoid tissues. (1993)

A major obstacle to the development of T cell therapy for the treatment of human tumors has been the difficulty generating T cells specifically reactive with the tumor. Most of the characterized human tumor antigens have been classified as tumor associated, because of demonstrable expression at low levels in some normal cells, and thus have not been extensively studied as potential targets of a therapeutic immune response. However, the quantitative difference in expression of such antigens between the tumor and normal cells might permit the generation of antigen-specific T cells capable of selective antitumor and not autoimmune activity. To address this issue, transgenic (TG) mice were generated that expressed low levels of Friend murine leukemia virus (FMuLV) envelope protein in lymphoid cells under the control of an immunoglobulin promoter. This protein is expressed at high levels by a Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia of C57BL/6 (B6) origin, FBL, and has been shown to serve as an efficient tumor-specific rejection antigen in B6 mice. The env-TG mice were tolerant to envelope, as reflected by the failure to detect an envelope-specific response after in vivo priming and in vitro stimulation with preparations of FMuLV envelope. However, adoptively transferred envelope-specific T cells from immunized non-TG B6 mice mediated complete eradication of FBL tumor cells in TG mice, and did not induce detectable autoimmune damage to TG lymphoid tissues. The transferred immune cells were not permanently inactivated in the TG mice, since donor T cells responded to envelope after removal from the TG mice. The lack of autoimmune injury did not reflect inadequate expression of envelope by TG lymphocytes for recognition by T cells, since TG lymphocytes functioned effectively in vitro as stimulators for envelope-specific T cells. The results suggest that this and analogous strains of TG mice may prove useful for elucidating principles for the generation and therapeutic use of tumor-reactive T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens.
Myocyte nuclear mitotic division and programmed myocyte cell death characterize the cardiac myopathy induced by rapid ventricular pacing in dogs. (1995)

In conclusion, the induction of PCNA and Fas may be linked to the activation of myocyte proliferation and programmed cell death in the myocardium with rapid ventricular pacing, and these two cellular responses may play a key role in the development of the congestive dilated myopathy.
Herstellung und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Eiweiß‐Fettsäurekondensaten (1997)

Abstract Eiweiß‐Fettsäurekondensate stellen besonders milde Tenside dar, die auf Basis von Proteinen als nachwachsenden Rohstoffen hergestellt werden. Proteinrohstoffe tierischer oder pflanzlicher Herkunft werden zunächst hydrolysiert und anschließend mit Fettsäurechloriden in einer Schotten‐Baumann‐Reaktion zu Eiweiß‐Fettsäurekondensaten umgesetzt. Im Vergleich zu Tensiden auf fettchemischer oder Kohlenhydratbasis nehmen die Eiweiß‐Fettsäurekondensate wegen ihres hydrophilen Proteinanteils anwendungstechnisch eine Sonderstellung ein. Formulierungstechnisch bedeutsam ist die Tatsache, daß geringe Zusätze an acylierten Proteinhydrolysaten zu reizintensiveren „Massentensiden”︁ deren Hautverträglichkeit überproportional verbessern.
Rapid and Quantitative Detection of Streptococcus mutans with Species-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (1998)

Streptococcus mutans is known to be a prime etiologic agent for the initiation and progression of human dental caries. Rapid, accurate, and quantitative detection of S. mutans will help us better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of dental caries and will help to develop methods for caries diagnosis and risk assessment. This study describes the development of three highly species-specific monoclonal IgG antibodies against S. mutans. The antibodies were used to develop a number of methods that quantitatively detect S. mutans in less <1 min and are sensitive enough to detect a single bacterial cell. These methods could be widely used in basic and clinical studies related to S. mutans and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of caries in humans.
Law, Psychiatry, Society and Child Abuse (2007)

As will become apparent, the identification of child abuse is a multidisciplinary affair, drawing upon the combined but not necessarily compatible wisdom of medicine, law and sociology. This book seeks to provide an account of the journey of child abuse through the evolution of these different perspectives culminating in the legal, clinical and sociological discourse which prevails today. It is hoped that this discussion will serve as a useful backdrop and prelude to examination of the legal issues which have arisen in the context of abuse claims, and that it will assist in explaining judicial attitudes to abuse claims and some of the peculiar difficulties which abuse claimants face.
Improvement of Gemcitabine-Based Therapy of Pancreatic Carcinoma by Means of Oncolytic Parvovirus H-1PV (2009)

In addition to their potential use as monotherapy for pancreatic cancer, parvoviruses can be best combined with gemcitabine in a two-step protocol.
The effects of drought stress on free amino acid accumulation and protein synthesis in Brassica napus (1994)

Changes in the concentrations of free amino acids and specific organic acids were analysed during the induction of drought stress in Brassica napus . Most of the amino acids showed a characteristic linear increase with the induction of drought stress in Brassica leaves, increasing an average of 5.9‐fold over control levels, followed by a reduction in concentration upon rehydration of the plants. Pyruvate concentrations doubled after 4 days of drought stress whereas 2‐oxoglutarate concentrations remained relatively constant. The activities of two of the enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), were also measured. Neither enzyme showed any increase in activity, except when the plants were rehydrated. This suggests that the increase in both alanine and aspartate levels results from the increase in their precursors pyruvate and glutamate and may not require increased enzyme activity. The effect of drought stress upon changes in protein synthesis was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We found that there was an overall decrease in protein synthesis with the induction of drought stress, followed by a resumption of synthesis upon rehydration. In addition, the synthesis of a number of specific polypeptides was found to decrease upon water loss in the leaves.
The Electrochemical Characteristics and Applicability of an Amorphous Sulfide-Based Solid Ion Conductor for the Next-Generation Solid-State Lithium Secondary Batteries (2016)

Sulfide based solid electrolytes are of considerable practical interest for all solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and softness at room temperature. In particular, iodine containing lithium thiophosphate is known to exhibit high ionic conductivity but its applicability in solid-state battery remains to be examined. To demonstrate the possibility of the iodine doped solid electrolyte (SE), LiI-Li3PS4 was used to construct two different types of test cells were prepared, Li/SE/S and Li/SE/LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05 cells. The solid electrolyte, LiI-Li3PS4 showed a high ionic conductivity approximately 1.2 mScm-1 at 25 ℃. Within 100 cycles, the capacity retention was better in Li/SE/S cell, and the red-ox shuttle was not observed due to physical blockage of SE layer. The capacity fade was approximately 4% from the maximum capacity observed at 10th cycle, after 100 cycles in Li/SE/S cell. On the contrary, the capacity fade was much larger in Li/SE/LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05 cell, probably due to the decomposition of the electrolyte at the operating potential range. Nevertheless, both the Li/SE/LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05 and Li/SE/S cells exhibited the high coulombic efficiencies above 99.6% and 99.9% during charge-discharge cycle test, respectively. This fact indicates that a high energy density can be possible without an excess lithium metal anode. In addition, it was particularly interesting that the SE showed a reversible capacity about 260 mAhg-1-SE. This electrolyte may have not only as a role of the ion conduction, but also as a catholite.
Sparse models and sparse recovery for ultra-wideband SAR applications (2014)

This paper presents a simple yet very effective time-domain sparse representation and associated sparse recovery techniques that can robustly process raw data-intensive ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) records in challenging noisy and bandwidth management environments. Unlike most previous approaches in compressed sensing for radar in general and SAR in particular, we take advantage of the sparsity of the scene and the correlation between the transmitted and received signal directly in the raw time domain even before attempting image formation. Our framework can be viewed as a collection of practical sparsity-driven preprocessing algorithms for radar applications that restores and denoises raw radar signals at each aperture position independently, leading to a significant reduction in the memory requirement as well as the computational complexity of the sparse recovery process. Recovery results from real-world data collected by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) UWB SAR systems illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed framework on two critical applications: 1) recovery of missing spectral information in multiple frequency bands and 2) adaptive extraction and/or suppression of radio frequency interference (RFI) signals from SAR data records.
Colorimetric solid-phase minisequencing assay illustrated by detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin Z mutation (1993)

In solid-phase minisequencing, a defined point mutation is detected in microtiter plate-immobilized DNA by a single nucleotide primer extension reaction. We have here developed the method into a colorimetric assay and applied it to the detection of the Z mutation of the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene. We used novel nucleoside triphosphates modified with dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten, permitting detection by anti-DNP-alkaline phosphatase conjugate, with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The Z mutation is detected in two reactions: DNP-labeled dCTP is incorporated when the template is normal, DNP-dUTP when the Z mutation is present. Both modified nucleotides were incorporated with high specificity and with an efficiency similar to that of unmodified nucleotides. The test results are measured by spectrophotometry, yielding quantitative absorbance values. Calculation of the ratio of C to U signal permitted unambiguous distinction of normal homozygous, ZZ homozygous, and ZM heterozygous genotypes. The colorimetric minisequencing assay is rapid, standardized, and automatable, and thus provides an accurate and simple alternative for the analysis of known point mutations.
Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances (2008)

Microalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.
17β-Estradiol inhibits Ca2+-dependent homeostasis of airway surface liquid volume in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia (2008)

Normal airways homeostatically regulate the volume of airway surface liquid (ASL) through both cAMP- and Ca2+-dependent regulation of ion and water transport. In cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic defect causes a lack of cAMP-regulated CFTR activity, leading to diminished Cl- and water secretion from airway epithelial cells and subsequent mucus plugging, which serves as the focus for infections. Females with CF exhibit reduced survival compared with males with CF, although the mechanisms underlying this sex-related disadvantage are unknown. Despite the lack of CFTR, CF airways retain a limited capability to regulate ASL volume, as breathing-induced ATP release activates salvage purinergic pathways that raise intracellular Ca2+ concentration to stimulate an alternate pathway to Cl- secretion. We hypothesized that estrogen might affect this pathway by reducing the ability of airway epithelia to respond appropriately to nucleotides. We found that uridine triphosphate-mediated (UTP-mediated) Cl- secretion was reduced during the periovulatory estrogen maxima in both women with CF and normal, healthy women. Estrogen also inhibited Ca2+ signaling and ASL volume homeostasis in non-CF and CF airway epithelia by attenuating Ca2+ influx. This inhibition of Ca2+ signaling was prevented and even potentiated by estrogen antagonists such as tamoxifen, suggesting that antiestrogens may be beneficial in the treatment of CF lung disease because they increase Cl- secretion in the airways.
Native defects and self-compensation in ZnSe (1992)

Wide-band-gap semiconductors typically can be doped either n type or p type, but not both. Compensation by native point defects has often been invoked as the source of this difficulty. We examine the wide-band-gap semiconductor ZnSe with first-principles total-energy calculations, using a mixed-basis program for an accurate description of the material. Formation energies are calculated for all native point defects in all relevant charge states; the effects of relaxation energies and vibrational entropies are investigated. The results conclusively show that native-point-defect concentrations are too low to cause compensation in stoichiometric ZnSe. We further find that, for nonstoichiometric ZnSe, native point defects compensate both n-type and p-type material; thus deviations from stoichiometry cannot explain why ZnSe can be doped only one way.
Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions (2015)

We present a model that generates natural language descriptions of images and their regions. Our approach leverages datasets of images and their sentence descriptions to learn about the inter-modal correspondences between language and visual data. Our alignment model is based on a novel combination of Convolutional Neural Networks over image regions, bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks over sentences, and a structured objective that aligns the two modalities through a multimodal embedding. We then describe a Multimodal Recurrent Neural Network architecture that uses the inferred alignments to learn to generate novel descriptions of image regions. We demonstrate that our alignment model produces state of the art results in retrieval experiments on Flickr8K, Flickr30K and MSCOCO datasets. We then show that the generated descriptions significantly outperform retrieval baselines on both full images and on a new dataset of region-level annotations.
Hydrazine-Sensitive Thiol Protecting Group for Peptide and Protein Chemistry (2011)

In the search for a new Cys side-chain protecting group that is compatible to the solid-phase peptide synthesis yet can be removed under mild conditions, the Hqm and Hgm groups that are readily deprotected by using aqueous hydrazine have been developed. The utility of these groups for peptide and protein chemistry is tested by the total synthesis of a peptide antibiotic trifolitoxin and the human neutrophil defensin hNP2.
Tumor inhibitors. LXXIII. Maytansine, a novel antileukemic ansa macrolide from Maytenus ovatus (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTumor inhibitors. LXXIII. Maytansine, a novel antileukemic ansa macrolide from Maytenus ovatusS. Morris Kupchan, Y. Komoda, W. A. Court, G. J. Thomas, R. M. Smith, A. Karim, C. J. Gilmore, R. C. Haltiwanger, and R. F. BryanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 4, 1354–1356Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00759a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00759a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations363LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of displaced number states (1990)

Recent developments in quantum optics have led to new proposals to generate number states of the electromagnetic field using conditioned measurement techniques or the properties of atom-field interactions in microwave cavities in the micromaser. The number-state field prepared in such a way may be transformed by the action of a displacement operator; for the microwave micromaser state this could be implemented by the action of a classical current that drives the cavity field. We evaluate some properties of such displaced number states, especially their description in phase space. The photon number distribution is shown to display unusual oscillations, which are interpreted as interference in phase space, analogous to Franck-Condon oscillations in molecular spectra. The possibility of detecting these oscillations is discussed, through the photodetection counting statistics of the displaced number states. We show that the displaced-number-state quantum features are relatively robust when dissipation of the field energy is included.
Potential for optimisation of DC-DC converters for renewable energy by use of high bandgap diodes (2004)

Boost converters are commonly used in stand alone renewable energy systems to operate the photovoltaic (PV) generator in its maximum power point (MPP): output voltage of the solar generator is boosted to the higher level of battery voltage. The use of high switching frequency is beneficial to minimise inductor size maintaining a low ripple on DC current This however may lead to considerable switching losses in transistor and diode, which would undesirably deteriorate efficiency of the conversion. A major influence of diodes' switching behaviour on system efficiency has been identified. This paper describes the results of a current evaluation of different rectifiers in a proven design of boost converter for a voltage level of 100 V and nominal power around 500 W-i. e. of a fast recovery epitaxial diode, of two types of high bandgap gallium arsenide (GaAs) Schottky diodes with different barrier heights and finally of a MOSFET for synchronous rectification with and without soft switching. System losses have been quantified for several operating points-varying current, frequency and switching speed. Those results are compared with the predictions gained from a simplified analytical model. Further, conducted emissions of the converter are evaluated, because diode turn off characteristics are expected to significantly influence EMC behaviour. The paper thus is intended to clarify suitability of the different rectifier technologies for an optimised DC-DC converter by analytical and experimental investigation of system behaviour, leading to a quantification of its major characteristics.
Functional GluR6 Kainate Receptors in the Striatum: Indirect Downregulation of Synaptic Transmission (2000)

Kainate receptors (KARs) are abundantly expressed in the basal ganglia, but their function in synaptic transmission has not been established. In the present study, we show that the GluR6 subunit of KARs is expressed in both substance P- and enkephalin-containing GABAergic projection neurons of the mouse striatum. Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in brain slices, we demonstrate the presence of functional KARs in the dorsal striatum activated by low concentrations of the AMPA/KAR agonist domoate in wild-type but not GluR6-deficient mice. Despite the abundance of KARs, we found no evidence for synaptic activation of these receptors after single or repetitive stimulation of glutamatergic afferents. Domoate induces a transient increase in the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs of small amplitude and a sustained depression of large IPSCs evoked by minimal electrical stimulation within the striatum in wild-type mice but not in GluR6-deficient mice. This depressant effect is inhibited in presence of adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonists, ZM-241385 and SCH-58261. These data strongly suggest that, in striatal neurons, KARs depress GABAergic synaptic transmission indirectly via release of adenosine acting on A(2A) receptors.