gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-response effects of pegylated human megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet production and function in nonhuman primates (1996)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the physiologic Mpl-ligand regulating platelet production. Pegylated human recombinant megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF), a truncated polypeptide Mpl-ligand derivitized with poly-(ethylene glycol), induces megakaryocyte endoreduplication and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the dose-response effects of PEG-rHuMGDF on pharmacokinetics, megakaryocytopoiesis, platelet production, and platelet function were characterized for dosing 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, or 2.5 micrograms/kg/d in 22 baboons for 28 days. Daily subcutaneous injections of PEG-rHuMGDF produced linear log-dose responses in (1) steady-state trough plasma levels of PEG-HuMGDF (P < 10(-3)); (2) marrow megakaryocyte volume (P < 10(-3)), ploidy (P < 10(-4)), and number (P < .01); and (3) peripheral platelet concentrations (P < 10(-4)) and platelet mass turnover (P < 10(-3)). Platelet morphology, life span, and recovery were normal, and peripheral leukocyte, neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts were not significantly affected by PEG-rHuMGDF (P > .1 in all cases). PEG-rHuMGDF at 0.5 micrograms/kg/d produced similar blood concentrations of Mpl-ligand and platelets as 10 times the dose of rHu-MGDF (5.0 micrograms/kg/d), reflecting the extended plasma half-life achieved through pegylation. Whereas PEG-rHuMGDF did not induce platelet aggregation in vitro, platelet aggregatory responsiveness induced by thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP1-6) and collagen was transiently enhanced ex vivo during the initial few days of PEG-rHuMGDF administration. However, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation was not enhanced ex vivo by PEG-rHuMGDF therapy. 111In-platelet deposition on segments of homologous endarterectomized aorta (EA) and vascular graft (VG) interposed in arteriovenous femoral shunts increased in direct proportion to the circulating platelet concentration (P < 10(-4) for both EA and VG); 125l-fibrin accumulation was not affected by PEG-rHuMGDF-induced increases in peripheral platelet counts. Changes in platelet production and function produced by PEG-rHuMGDF returned to baseline within 2 weeks after discontinuing treatment. Thus, in nonhuman primates, PEG-rHuMGDF increases platelet production in a linear log-dose-dependent manner by stimulating megakaryocyte endoreduplication and new megakaryocyte formation from marrow hematopoietic progenitors. These findings suggest that appropriate dosing of PEG-rHuMGDF therapy during periods of chemotherapy-induced marrow suppression may maintain hemostatic concentrations of peripheral platelets without increasing the risk of thrombosis.
Novel Immunomodulator FTY720 Is Phosphorylated in Rats and Humans To Form a Single Stereoisomer. Identification, Chemical Proof, and Biological Characterization of the Biologically Active Species and Its Enantiomer (2005)

In vivo phosphorylation of FTY720 (1) in rats and humans resulted exclusively in the biologically active (S)-configured enantiomer, which was proven by an ex vivo o-phthaldialdehyde derivatization protocol especially elaborated for phosphates of 1. Starting from the prochiral amino alcohol 1, racemic and enantiomerically pure phosphates of 1 were synthesized. Pure enantiomers were obtained after purification of a partially protected key intermediate on an enantioselective support. The absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray diffraction.
Hybrid Diagnosis with Unknown Behavioral Modes (2002)

A novel capability of discrete model-based diagnosis methods is the ability to handle unknown modes where no assumption is made about the behavior of one or several components of the system. This paper incorporates this novel capability of model-based diagnosis into a hybrid estimation scheme by calculating partial filters. The filters are based on causal and structural analysis of the specified components and their interconnection within the hybrid automaton model. Incorporating unknown modes provides a robust estimation scheme that can cope, unlike other hybrid estimation and multi-model estimation schemes, with unmodeled situations and partial information.
Detection, isolation and complete amino acid sequence of an aeroallergenic protein from rapeseed flour (1997)

Background Seed proteins have been found to cause hypersensitivity by ingestion or inhalation. Rapeseed fiour was responsible for allergic symptoms in a patient, who develops into allergy to mustard spice. Objective To determine the presence of allergenic proteins in rapeseed fiour, and analyse the structure of the main component and its crossreactivity with the mustard allergeti. Methods SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and subsequent immunoblotting with a serum from a rapeseed allergic patient were performed to detect IgE-binding proteins. Proteolytic digestiotis and high performance liquid chromatography were used to obtain the peptides from the allergenic BnIII napin from rapeseed flour. Automatic Edman degradations were carried out to determine their amino acid sequences, which were compared with other sequences in nucleotide and amino acid sequence databases. Crossreactivity assays were carried out by ELISA inhibition using sera from a rapeseed allergic patient and from patients allergic to mustard. Results The 2S albumins of rapeseed were recognized by the serum from a patient allergic to this seed. The most abundant isoform of the allergenic napins, Bnlll, was used for structural and immunological analysis. The protein consists of two different chains of 9.5 and 4,5 kDa. Their complete amino acid sequences were determined. The protein exhibited structural relationships with other napin-like storage proteins from seeds. IgE and IgG crossreactivity between rapeseed and mustard allergens was also demonstrated. Considering the structural and immunological data, certain polypeptide regions are suggested to be involved in the allergenicity of these proteins. Conclusions Rapeseed contains 2S storage proteins which may cause allergy in hypersensitive individuals. These proteins exhibit great sequence similarity with 2S albumins from different seeds. Crossreactivity between mustard and rapeseed flours can be explained by sequetice homology.
Detection of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Receptor Expression in Experimental Atherosclerotic Lesions (2001)

Radiolabeled MCP-1 may be a useful tracer for imaging monocyte/macrophage-rich experimental atherosclerotic lesions.
Review article: what I do now to manage adenocarcinoma risk, and what I may be doing in 10 years' time (2004)

This article summarizes the present recommendations for the screening, surveillance and treatment of Barrett's oesophagus, and identifies those areas in which change seems likely within the next decade. As a result of economic constraints and emerging data on ethnic variations in the frequency of Barrett's oesophagus, future screening programmes will probably focus on those individuals most likely to develop Barrett's adenocarcinomas: older white men whose gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms are of long duration. The present surveillance strategy for patients with Barrett's oesophagus relies heavily on random biopsy sampling of the oesophagus to find dysplasia. In the future, biomarkers other than dysplasia may be used to identify patients at high risk for carcinogenesis, and physicians may use endoscopic techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, to identify areas of dysplasia for biopsy sampling. Indirect evidence suggests that super-aggressive antisecretory therapy and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce the risk of cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Well-designed prospective studies will be needed to determine whether these treatments have sufficient efficacy in cancer prophylaxis to justify the large numbers needed to treat. Finally, recent data are reviewed, which suggest that the gastro-oesophageal junction is exposed repeatedly to concentrated acid and to potentially genotoxic concentrations of nitric oxide generated from dietary nitrate. Future studies on carcinogenesis in Barrett's oesophagus may well focus on the combined roles of nitric oxide and gastric acid.
Shaping gain for AWGN channel by non-uniform constellation in LDPC-Coded system (2008)

It is commonly believed that there is a gap between the channel capacity and the highest achievable rate of equiprobable uniform constellation. To achieve shaping gain, non-uniform constellation following a Gaussian distribution has been designed for the AWGN channel and discussed widely along with Turbo codes. In this paper, we investigate the effect of non-uniform constellation and propose a scheme to achieve shaping gain for AWGN channel and also multipath channel using low density parity check (LDPC) codes with different rates of 0.40.6 and 0.8. Simulation results show that, non-uniform 64-QAM or 8-PAM can offer shaping gain of approximately 0.23 dB for LDPC coding rate of 0.6 over AWGN channel in DTMB system.
Small molecule-mediated protein knockdown as a new approach to drug discovery (2016)

Research into degradation of cellular proteins induced by small molecule agents known as Protacs has gathered pace recently. This article reviews recent progress and assesses the challenges to be addressed to enable clinical evaluation of agents.
Total synthesis of 26-hydroxyepothilone B and related analogues (1997)

A series of 26-substituted epothilones B (3, 22, 23a–n and 24a–h,j–l,o) have been constructed by total synthesis involving a selective Wittig olefination, an aldol reaction and a macrolactonization as key steps.
Ueber Fluorescenz und Phosphorescenz I. Abhandlung (1888)

von E&?hard W%edemann
Foci formation of P53‐binding protein 1 in thyroid tumors: Activation of genomic instability during thyroid carcinogenesis (2007)

Defective DNA damage response (DDR) can result in genomic instability (GIN) and lead to the transformation into cancer. P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved DDR proteins. Because 53BP1 molecules localize at the sites of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and rapidly form nuclear foci, the presence of 53BP1 foci can be considered as a cytologic marker for endogenous DSBs reflecting GIN. Although it has been proposed that GIN has a crucial role in the progression of thyroid neoplasms, the significance of GIN during thyroid tumorigenesis remains unclear, particularly in patients. We analyzed, therefore, the level of GIN, as detected with immunofluorescence of 53BP1, in 40 cases of resected thyroid tissues. This study demonstrated a number of nuclear 53BP1 foci in thyroid cancers, suggesting a constitutive activation of DDR in thyroid cancer cells. Because follicular adenoma also showed a few 53BP1 nuclear foci, GIN might be induced at a precancerous stage of thyroid tumorigenesis. Furthermore, high-grade thyroid cancers prominently exhibited an intense and heterogeneous nuclear staining of 53BP1 immunoreactivity, which was also observed in radiation-associated cancers and in mouse colonic crypts as a delayed response to a high dose ionizing radiation, suggesting increased GIN with progression of cancer. Thus, the present study demonstrated a difference in the staining pattern of 53BP1 during thyroid carcinogenesis. We propose that immunofluorescence analysis of 53BP1 expression can be a useful tool to estimate the level of GIN and, simultaneously, the malignant potency of human thyroid tumors.
Lane-Change Fuzzy Control in Autonomous Vehicles for the Overtaking Maneuver (2008)

The automation of the overtaking maneuver is considered to be one of the toughest challenges in the development of autonomous vehicles. This operation involves two vehicles (the overtaking and the overtaken) cooperatively driving, as well as the surveillance of any other vehicles that are involved in the maneuver. This operation consists of two lane changes-one from the right to the left lane of the road, and the other is to return to the right lane after passing. Lane-change maneuvers have been used to move into or out of a circulation lane or platoon; however, overtaking operations have not received much coverage in the literature. In this paper, we present an overtaking system for autonomous vehicles equipped with path-tracking and lane-change capabilities. The system uses fuzzy controllers that mimic human behavior and reactions during overtaking maneuvers. The system is based on the information that is supplied by a high-precision Global Positioning System and a wireless network environment. It is able to drive an automated vehicle and overtake a second vehicle that is driving in the same lane of the road.
A DFT Study of the Amination of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes:  Reactivity and Curvature (2005)

The first principles density functional theory (DFT) approach (GGA-PW91/DNP) was used to study the addition reaction of methylamine to fullerenes C(50) and C(60) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (5,5) and (10,0). To understand the relationship between reactivity and curvature, various addition sites have been investigated for comparisons. The DFT calculation results showed that the reaction energy of the addition of methylamine onto C(60) or the closed caps of (5,5) and (10,0) is rather low. Moreover, the reaction at a few sites even appears exothermic. However, the reaction on the perfect sidewall of the nanotubes is always endothermic, and the reaction energy is much higher than that on the caps. The energetically preferable addition sites are the carbon atoms located at the vertexes formed with five-, five-, six-membered rings on C(50) or five-, five-, seven-membered rings on defects of nanotubes. The systematic theoretical study revealed that the pyramidalization and pi-orbital misalignment could result in an increased reactivity of these pentagon-pentagon fusion sites. The reactivity depends on the pyramidalization angle, which is a quantitative measurement of the local curvature and strain of the reaction center.
A complex regulatory DNA element associated with a major histocompatibility complex class I gene consists of both a silencer and an enhancer. (1991)

A novel regulatory element which contributes to the regulation of quantitative, tissue-specific differences in gene expression has been found between -771 and -676 bp upstream of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene, PD1. Molecular dissection of this element reveals the presence of two overlapping functional activities: an enhancer and a silencer. Distinct nuclear factors bind to the overlapping enhancer and silencer DNA sequence elements within the regulatory domain. The levels of factors binding the silencer DNA sequence in different cell types are inversely related to levels of class I expression; in contrast, factors binding the enhancer DNA sequence can be detected in all cells. In cultured cell lines, inhibition of protein synthesis leads to the rapid loss of silencer complexes, with a concomitant increase in both enhancer complexes and MHC class I RNA. From these data, we conclude that a labile silencer factor competes with a constitutively expressed, stable enhancer factor for overlapping DNA-binding sites; the relative abundance of the silencer factor contributes to establishing steady-state levels of MHC class I gene expression.
Harmonic Maps of Nonovientable Surfaces into Complex Grassmann Manifolds (1995)

We study harmonic maps of nonorientable surfaces into complex Grassmannians. J. C. Wood coded a factorable harmonic maps of a Riemann surfaces into a complex Grassmannian by a sequence of holomorphic maps of the surface into Grassmannians. We investigate codes of harmonic maps of nonorientable surfaces. Especially the degrees of codes are studies.
Whiteness and political purpose in the noose , an antilynching play by Tracy Mygatt (2002)

Abstract The article examines the first known US antilynching play by a white woman, Tracy Mygatt's The Noose (1919). Early takes up the notion of the antilynching drama as a site of political struggle, exploring the interface between social movement culture and personal identity and art production. Specifically, she explores how Mygatt, a feminist, socialist, and pacifist activist, sought to connect the politics of lynching in the South with that region's hegemonic white supremacist patriarchal system. She argues that Mygatt found white women complicit in lynching and used her play as a vehicle for urging politically aware white women to develop a strategy of resistance to it well before the formation in the 1930s of an organized white women's movement against lynching.
Ultrasmall Rigid Particles as Multimodal Probes for Medical Applications (2011)

Ultrasmall but multifunctional: Rigid imaging particles that are smaller than 5 nm in size can be obtained in a top-down process starting from a core–shell structure (core=gadolinium oxide; shell=polysiloxane). They represent the first multifunctional silica-based particles that are sufficiently small to escape hepatic clearance and enable animal imaging by four complementary techniques. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An IF digitizing receiver for a combined GPS/GSM terminal (1998)

For the purpose of traffic telematics (route guidance, fleet management etc.) one needs terminals on the vehicle for the quasi-simultaneous reception of cellular phone (GSM) and satellite navigation (GPS). A conventional approach uses two complete receivers for these two tasks. We describe a cost-saving solution for a combined receiver which relies on the TDM structure of the GSM signal. Our solution is based on an bandpass-sigma-delta ADC for IF digitizing.
MAGNET II: a metropolitan area network based on asynchronous time sharing (1990)

MAGNET II is a testbed for integrated networks. It was designed and implemented based on requirements of real-time network management and control. Quality-of-service requirements explicitly appear in the design specifications of the network on the media access level. Switching is based on the concept of asynchronous time sharing. The core of the network distinguishes between three traffic classes. The quality of service of these classes is monitored and controlled by the traffic-control architecture of the network. Monitoring is supported by observation units distributed throughout the system. The main network resources, switching bandwidth, communication bandwidth, and buffer space, are observable and controllable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
APD: the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (2003)

An antimicrobial peptide database (APD) has been established based on an extensive literature search. It contains detailed information for 525 peptides (498 antibacterial, 155 antifungal, 28 antiviral and 18 antitumor). APD provides interactive interfaces for peptide query, prediction and design. It also provides statistical data for a select group of or all the peptides in the database. Peptide information can be searched using keywords such as peptide name, ID, length, net charge, hydrophobic percentage, key residue, unique sequence motif, structure and activity. APD is a useful tool for studying the structure-function relationship of antimicrobial peptides. The database can be accessed via a web-based browser at the URL: http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.html.
A simple and rapid method for the determination of recombinant retrovirus titer by G418 selection. (1996)

We have developed a simple and rapid method for the determination of retroviral titer by G418 selection which is both accurate and reproducible. NIH3T3 cells were transduced with recombinant retroviral vectors harboring the neo gene and selected in the presence of the antibiotic G418 for 3 days. Cells were then trypsinized, harvested, and counted on a hemacytometer. The control NIH3T3 cells were completely dead 3 days after treatment with G418, while cells transduced with retroviral vectors containing the neo gene produced an average of 15 progeny cells per colony. To estimate viral titer, therefore, the total number of trypsinized G418-resistant cells was divided by 15. Retroviral titers measured by this method did not differ significantly from those determined by the conventional method based on counts of G418-resistant colonies 10-14 days after G418 selection. The method worked well with various retroviral constructs and its efficacy was not influenced by cDNA insert. This method not only reduces the amount of work but also shortens the time needed for determining viral titer.
Isolated and Connected Word Recognition--Theory and Selected Applications (1981)

The art and science of speech recognition have been advanced to the state where it is now possible to communicate reliably with a computer by speaking to it in a disciplined manner using a vocabulary of moderate size. It is the purpose of this paper to outline two aspects of speech-recognition research. First, we discuss word recognition as a classical pattern-recognition problem and show how some fundamental concepts of signal processing, information theory, and computer science can be combined to give us the capability of robust recognition of isolated words and simple connected word sequences. We then describe methods whereby these principles, augmented by modern theories of formal language and semantic analysis, can be used to study some of the more general problems in speech recognition. It is anticipated that these methods will ultimately lead to accurate mechanical recognition of fluent speech under certain controlled conditions.
Protein p53 and inducer-mediated erythroleukemia cell commitment to terminal cell division. (1983)

Inducer-mediated murine erythroleukemia cell (MELC) differentiation provides a model for examining factors determining terminal cell differentiation. The nuclear protein, p53, has been implicated as a potential determinant of cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. In this study p53 content and synthesis, during inducer-mediated MELC differentiation, has been examined with monoclonal antibodies to p53. A decrease in p53 synthesis and content was demonstrated during induced differentiation. As determined by cell cycle fractionation, the decrease in p53 is manifest at all stages of the cell cycle. Hemin, which induces globin mRNA accumulation but not terminal cell division, fails to decrease p53 content. A MELC variant resistant to inducer-mediated commitment to terminal cell division also fails to decrease p53 levels in response to inducers. These experiments suggest that p53 is implicated in MELC cell proliferation and that an induced decrease in p53 may be responsible for G1 phase prolongation and terminal G1 arrest.