gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOR OF BACTERIAL SPORES IN AQUEOUS POLYMER TWO-PHASE SYSTEMS (1961)

Sacks, L. E. (Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, California), and Gordon Alderton. Behavior of bacterial spores in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. J. Bacteriol. 82:331-341. 1961.-Free spores of various species of the Bacillaceae enter the upper phase in a two-phase aqueous polymer system containing polyethylene glycol 4000 and potassium phosphate. Vegetative cells appear in the lower phase and subcellular debris is concentrated chiefly at the interface. The high selectivity of the upper phase for spores makes possible the preparation of greatly enriched concentrates of spores directly from complex natural materials, such as soil and feces. Attraction of spores for the upper phase is not diminished by autoclaving and the release of dipicolinic acid. Loss of attraction of spores for the upper phase is associated in time with the shedding of the spore coat, upon outgrowth. The partition behavior of one preparation of Bacillus megaterium showed the presence of two classes of spores.
Electropolymerization of p‐phenylenediamine on Pt‐electrode from aqueous acidic solution: Kinetics, mechanism, electrochemical studies, and characterization of the polymer obtained (2010)

Abstract Electropolymerization of p ‐phenylenediamine ( p PD) on Pt‐electrode from a deoxygenated aqueous acid medium was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique. The kinetic parameters were calculated by means of electrochemical data. The experimentally obtained kinetic equation was R P,E = k E [monomer] 1.23 [acid] 1.24 [electrolyte] 0.94 from the value of the anodic current density. The apparent activation energy ( E a ) is found to be 65.1 kJ mol −1 . The obtained polymer films have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis, and IR spectroscopy. The conductivity of the polymer pellets is 6.3 × 10 −7 S cm −1 . The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization reaction has been discussed. TGA is used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rapid increase in hospitalization and mortality rates for severe sepsis in the United States: A trend analysis from 1993 to 2003* (2007)

The rate of severe sepsis hospitalization almost doubled during the 11-yr period studied and is considerably greater than has been previously predicted. Mortality from severe sepsis also increased significantly. However, case fatality rates decreased during the same study period.
Effect of Long–Term Consumption of a Probiotic Bacterium, <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG, in Milk on Dental Caries and Caries Risk in Children (2001)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC (LGG), has shown antagonism to many bacteria including mutans streptococci. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was designed to examine whether milk containing LGG has an effect on caries and the risk of caries in children when compared with normal milk. 594 children, 1-6 years old, from 18 municipal day-care centres were included. The children received the milk with meals from coded containers 5 days a week in the day-care centres for 7 months. The children's oral health was recorded at baseline and at the end, using WHO criteria. The caries risk was calculated based on clinical and microbiological data, comprising mutans streptococcus levels from dental plaque and saliva. The risk was classified as high if the child had a dmft/DMFT or initial caries score >0, and a mutans streptococcus count > or = 10(5) CFU/ml. The results showed less dental caries in the LGG group and lower mutans streptococcus counts at the end of the study. LGG was found to reduce the risk of caries significantly (OR = 0.56, p = 0.01; controlled for age and gender, OR = 0.51, p = 0.004). The effect was particularly clear in the 3- to 4-year-olds. Thus, milk containing the probiotic LGG bacteria may have beneficial effects on children's dental health.
International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self‐completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for Parkinson's disease: The NMSQuest study (2006)

Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well recognized in clinical practice, either in primary or in secondary care, and are frequently missed during routine consultations. There is no single instrument (questionnaire or scale) that enables a comprehensive assessment of the range of NMS in PD both for the identification of problems and for the measurement of outcome. Against this background, a multidisciplinary group of experts, including patient group representatives, has developed an NMS screening questionnaire comprising 30 items. This instrument does not provide an overall score of disability and is not a graded or rating instrument. Instead, it is a screening tool designed to draw attention to the presence of NMS and initiate further investigation. In this article, we present the results from an international pilot study assessing feasibility, validity, and acceptability of a nonmotor questionnaire (NMSQuest). Data from 123 PD patients and 96 controls were analyzed. NMS were highly significantly more prevalent in PD compared to controls (PD NMS, median = 9.0, mean = 9.5 vs. control NMS, median = 5.5, mean = 4.0; Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and t test, P < 0.0001), with PD patients reporting at least 10 different NMS on average per patient. In PD, NMS were highly significantly more prevalent across all disease stages and the number of symptoms correlated significantly with advancing disease and duration of disease. Furthermore, frequently, problems such as diplopia, dribbling, apathy, blues, taste and smell problems were never previously disclosed to the health professionals.
Carrier Erythrocytes: An Overview (2003)

Application of erythrocytes, the most abundant cells of the human body with desirable physiologic and morphologic characteristics, in drug delivery has been exploited extensively. These cellular carriers, having remarkable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and life-span in circulation, can be loaded by a wide spectrum of compounds of therapeutic value using different chemically, as well as physically, based methods. Most of the characteristics of the erythrocytes, including shape, membrane fragility, deformability, and hematologic indices undergo some degree of irreversible changes during the loading procedure. The efflux pattern of the encapsulated compounds from the carrier erythrocytes covers a wide range between a relatively rapid release (complete release within a few hours) and no detectable release until the cell lysis. A series of methods have been tested successfully for improvement of in vitro storability of the carrier erythrocytes without any significant changes in cell biology as well as drug delivery efficacy. Carrier erythrocytes have been exploited for several potential applications, including intravenous slow release of therapeutic agents, enzyme therapy, drug targeting to reticuloendothelial system (RES), improvement of oxygen delivery to tissues, and preparation of fused cells.
Psychosis in Patients with Narcolepsy as an Adverse Effect of Sodium Oxybate (2014)

Psychotic symptoms in narcolepsy may appear during SXB treatment. Hallucinations resemble those seen in schizophrenia; however, the insight that symptoms are delusional is usually preserved. In case of SXB-induced psychotic symptoms or hallucinations, reducing SXB dose or adding antipsychotic medication can be tried.
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength Pareto approach (1999)

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are often well-suited for optimization problems involving several, often conflicting objectives. Since 1985, various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization have been developed that are capable of searching for multiple solutions concurrently in a single run. However, the few comparative studies of different methods presented up to now remain mostly qualitative and are often restricted to a few approaches. In this paper, four multiobjective EAs are compared quantitatively where an extended 0/1 knapsack problem is taken as a basis. Furthermore, we introduce a new evolutionary approach to multicriteria optimization, the strength Pareto EA (SPEA), that combines several features of previous multiobjective EAs in a unique manner. It is characterized by (a) storing nondominated solutions externally in a second, continuously updated population, (b) evaluating an individual's fitness dependent on the number of external nondominated points that dominate it, (c) preserving population diversity using the Pareto dominance relationship, and (d) incorporating a clustering procedure in order to reduce the nondominated set without destroying its characteristics. The proof-of-principle results obtained on two artificial problems as well as a larger problem, the synthesis of a digital hardware-software multiprocessor system, suggest that SPEA can be very effective in sampling from along the entire Pareto-optimal front and distributing the generated solutions over the tradeoff surface. Moreover, SPEA clearly outperforms the other four multiobjective EAs on the 0/1 knapsack problem.
IL-13 selectively induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. (1995)

Previous studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) have shown that the cytokine IL-4 induces adherence of human eosinophils, but not neutrophils, because of its ability to selectively induce surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Because the cytokine IL-13 shares a number of biologic properties with IL-4, we examined the effect of IL-13 on the expression and function of adhesion molecules on HUVEC. Incubation of HUVEC for 4 to 48 h with IL-13 (0.1 to 15 U/ml) induced surface expression of VCAM-1, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, without significantly affecting expression of E-selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The kinetics and maximal IL-13-induced expression of VCAM-1 were similar to those seen with IL-4. Treatment of HUVEC with an optimal concentration of IL-13 (15 U/ml for 24 h) induced adhesiveness for eosinophils, but not for neutrophils, and adhesion was completely inhibited by mAb recognizing VCAM-1 or alpha 4 integrin (CD49d). These results demonstrate that IL-13, like IL-4, selectively stimulates HUVEC to express functional cell surface VCAM-1 and suggest a possible role for IL-13 in promoting VCAM-1/alpha 4 integrin-dependent accumulation of eosinophils during allergic and other inflammatory reactions in vivo.
In Vitro Activity of RX-P873 against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii (2015)

RX-P873 is a novel antibiotic from the pyrrolocytosine series which exhibits high binding affinity for the bacterial ribosome and broad-spectrum antibiotic properties. The pyrrolocytosines have shown in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains of bacteria known to cause complicated urinary tract, skin, and lung infections, as well as sepsis. Enterobacteriaceae (657), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (200), and Acinetobacter baumannii (202) isolates from North America and Europe collected in 2012 as part of a worldwide surveillance program were tested in vitro by broth microdilution using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology. RX-P873 (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) was >32-fold more active than ceftazidime and inhibited 97.1% and 99.5% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates at MIC values of ≤1 and ≤4 μg/ml, respectively. There were only three isolates with an MIC value of >4 μg/ml (all were indole-positive Protea). RX-P873 (MIC50/90, 2/4 μg/ml) was highly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, including isolates which were nonsusceptible to ceftazidime or meropenem. RX-P873 was 2-fold less active against P. aeruginosa than tobramycin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml; 91.0% susceptible) and colistin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml; 99.5% susceptible) and 2-fold more potent than amikacin (MIC90, 8 μg/ml; 93.5% susceptible) and meropenem (MIC90, 8 μg/ml; 76.0% susceptible). RX-P873, the most active agent against Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC90, 1 μg/ml), was 2-fold more active than colistin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml; 97.0% susceptible) and 4-fold more active than tigecycline (MIC90, 4 μg/ml). This novel agent merits further exploration of its potential against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
Advanced-stage cervical carcinomas are defined by a recurrent pattern of chromosomal aberrations revealing high genetic instability and a consistent gain of chromosome arm 3q (1997)

We have analyzed 30 cases of advanced-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma (stages IIb-IV) by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The most consistent chromosomal gain in the aneuploid tumors was mapped to chromosome arm 3q in 77% of the cases. Acquisition of genetic material also occurred frequently on Iq (47%), 5p (30%), 6p (27%), and 20 (23%). Recurrent losses were mapped on 2q (33%), 3p (50%), 4 (33%), 8p (23%), and 13q (27%). High-level copy number increases were mapped to chromosome 8, chromosome arms 3q, 5p, 8q, 12p, 14q, 17q, 19q, 20p, and 20q, and chromosomal bands 3q26-27, 9p23-24, 11q22-23, and 12p13. In the majority of the cases, the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus genomes was detected. High proliferative activity was accompanied by crude aneuploidy. Increased p21/WAF-I activity, but low or undetectable expression of TP53 were representative for the immunophenotype. This study confirms the importance of a gain of chromosome arm 3q in cervical carcinogenesis and identifies additional, recurrent chromosomal aberrations that are required for progression from stage I tumors to advanced-stage carcinomas.
Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS--100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans (1995)

Although Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcosis have existed for several millennia, a century has passed since the discovery of this encapsulated yeast and its devastating disease. With the advent of the AIDS pandemic, cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality and a frequently life-threatening opportunistic mycosis among patients with AIDS. Both basic and clinical research have accelerated in the 1990s, and this review attempts to highlight some of these advances. The discussion covers recent findings, current concepts, controversies, and unresolved issues related to the ecology and genetics of C. neoformans; the surface structure of the yeast; and the mechanisms of host defense. Regarding cell-mediated immunity, CD4+ T cells are crucial for successful resistance, but CD8+ T cells may also participate significantly in the cytokine-mediated activation of anticryptococcal effector cells. In addition to cell-mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies to the major capsular polysaccharide, the glucuronoxylomannan, offer some protection in murine models of cryptococcosis. Clinical concepts are presented that relate to the distinctive features of cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS and the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.
Binding of the protease-sensitive form of PrP (prion protein) to sulfated glycosaminoglycan and congo red [corrected] (1994)

Congo red and certain sulfated glycans are potent inhibitors of protease-resistant PrP accumulation in scrapie-infected cells. One hypothesis is that these inhibitors act by blocking the association between protease-resistant PrP and sulfated glycosaminoglycans or proteoglycans (e.g., heparan sulfate proteoglycan) that is observed in amyloid plaques of scrapie-infected brain tissue. Accordingly, we have investigated whether the apparent precursor of protease-resistant PrP, protease-sensitive PrP, binds to Congo red and heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with an inhibitory potency like that of heparan sulfate. Protease-sensitive PrP released from the surface of mouse neuroblastoma cells bound to heparin-agarose and Congo red-glass beads. Sucrose density gradient fractionation provided evidence that at least some of the PrP capable of binding heparin-agarose was monomeric. Free Congo red blocked PrP binding to heparin and vice versa, suggesting that these ligands share a common binding site. The relative efficacies of pentosan polysulfate, Congo red, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate in blocking PrP binding to heparin-agarose corresponded with their previously demonstrated potencies in inhibiting protease-resistant PrP accumulation. These results are consistent with the idea that sulfated glycans and Congo red inhibit protease-resistant PrP accumulation by interfering with the interaction of PrP with an endogenous glycosaminoglycan or proteoglycan.
Mondrian Multidimensional K-Anonymity (2006)

K-Anonymity has been proposed as a mechanism for protecting privacy in microdata publishing, and numerous recoding "models" have been considered for achieving ��anonymity. This paper proposes a new multidimensional model, which provides an additional degree of flexibility not seen in previous (single-dimensional) approaches. Often this flexibility leads to higher-quality anonymizations, as measured both by general-purpose metrics and more specific notions of query answerability. Optimal multidimensional anonymization is NP-hard (like previous optimal ��-anonymity problems). However, we introduce a simple greedy approximation algorithm, and experimental results show that this greedy algorithm frequently leads to more desirable anonymizations than exhaustive optimal algorithms for two single-dimensional models.
The increased mucosal mRNA expressions of complement C3 and interleukin-17 in inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the complement system participates in the regulation of T cell functions. To address the local biosynthesis of complement components in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mucosa, we investigated C3 and interleukin (IL)-17 mRNA expression in mucosal samples obtained from patients with IBD. The molecular mechanisms underlying C3 induction were investigated in human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs). IL-17 and C3 mRNA expressions in the IBD mucosa were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The C3 levels in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-17 and C3 mRNA expressions were elevated significantly in the active lesions from ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients. There was a significant positive correlation between IL-17 and C3 mRNA expression in the IBD mucosa. IL-17 stimulated a dose- and time-dependent increase in C3 mRNA expression and C3 secretion in colonic SEMFs. The C3 molecules secreted by colonic SEMFs were a 115-kDa alpha-chain linked to a 70-kDa beta-chain by disulphide bonds, which was identical to serum C3. The IL-17-induced C3 mRNA expression was blocked by p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors (PD98059 and U0216) and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). Furthermore, IL-17-induced C3 mRNA expression was inhibited by an adenovirus containing a stable mutant form of I kappaB alpha. C3 and IL-17 mRNA expressions are enhanced, with a strong correlation, in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. Part of these clinical findings was considered to be mediated by the colonic SEMF response to IL-17.
Toward Assured Data Deletion in Cloud Storage (2020)

Outsourcing data to remote cloud servers can significantly reduce the managing overhead and storage burden for individuals and enterprises. When the data stored in cloud are no longer needed, assured data deletion is a fundamental requirement to ensure that the sensitive data on the cloud can be safely deleted. Salient features of cloud storage such as virtualization, multi-tenancy, high availability and the platform complexity pose various challenges to the assured data deletion, which need to be addressed. In this article, we investigate the system model, desirable security properties as well as the potential solutions to the issues of assured deletion. We present the techniques used to achieve verifiable deletion and propose several methods which satisfy the timeliness, fine granularity and the verification of deletion at the same time. We consider various scenarios such as assured deletion with data transfer, fine-grained access control and data storage with multiple copies. Implementation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed protocols.
Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming (2016)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease linked to elevated blood cholesterol concentrations. Despite ongoing advances in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Continuous retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the subendothelial space causes a local overabundance of free cholesterol. Because cholesterol accumulation and deposition of cholesterol crystals (CCs) trigger a complex inflammatory response, we tested the efficacy of the cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), a compound that increases cholesterol solubility in preventing and reversing atherosclerosis. We showed that CD treatment of murine atherosclerosis reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and CC load and promoted plaque regression even with a continued cholesterol-rich diet. Mechanistically, CD increased oxysterol production in both macrophages and human atherosclerotic plaques and promoted liver X receptor (LXR)-mediated transcriptional reprogramming to improve cholesterol efflux and exert anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo, this CD-mediated LXR agonism was required for the antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects of CD as well as for augmented reverse cholesterol transport. Because CD treatment in humans is safe and CD beneficially affects key mechanisms of atherogenesis, it may therefore be used clinically to prevent or treat human atherosclerosis.
Computerized Analysis of Spike Burst Activity in the Small Intestine (1982)

The myoelectric activity occurring within the intestine is exceedingly complex and existing analytic techniques are tedious and laborious. An automated system has been developed to perform computerized analysis of electrical spike burst activity recorded from multiple small intestinal electrodes. This software data analysis system was developed to 1) recognize individual spike bursts occurring in each of 7 electrodes, 2) measure the duration of the spike burst, and 3) if it propagates the length of intestine (number of electrodes) over which it propagates and the intercontractile time intervals between it and every other burst in the propagation, and 4) perform routine statistical calculations on these data and present the results in tabular and graphical form. This technique accomplishes precise quantification of both temporal and spatial relationships between spike bursts and agrees with manual analytical techniques. It should lead to improved understanding of the relationship between electromechanical events and flow within the intestinal lumen.
Highly Fluorescent, Water-Soluble, Size-Tunable Gold Quantum Dots (2004)

Highly fluorescent, water-soluble, few-atom Au quantum dots have been created that behave as multielectron artificial atoms with discrete, size-tunable electronic transitions throughout the visible and near IR. Correlation of nanodot sizes with emission energies fits the simple relation, EFermi/N1/3, predicted by the jellium model. Providing the "missing link" between atomic and nanoparticle behavior in noble metals, these emissive, water-soluble Au nanoclusters open new opportunities for biological labels, energy transfer pairs, and light emitting sources in nanoscale optoelectronics.