gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries (2002)

We developed two photo browsers for collections with thousands of time-stamped digital images. Modern digital cameras record photo shoot times, and semantically related photos tend to occur in bursts. Our browsers exploit the timing information to structure the collections and to automatically generate meaningful summaries. The browsers differ in how users navigate and view the structured collections. We conducted user studies to compare the two browsers and an un-summarized image browser. Our results show that exploiting the time dimension and appropriately summarizing collections can lead to significant improvements. For example, for one task category, one of our browsers enabled a 33% improvement in speed of finding given images compared to the commercial browser. Similarly, users were able to complete 29% more tasks when using this same browser.
Apoptotic Cytotoxic Effects of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, FK228, on Malignant Lymphoid Cells (2000)

Histone deacetylases are promising targets for cancer treatment. Here we studied the in vitro effects of a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, FK228 (formerly FR901228), on human leukemia / lymphoma cells and cell lines compared with normal hematopoietic cells. In a lymphoma cell line, Raji, a nanomolar concentration of FK228 induced G1 arrest and / or apoptotic cell death, depending on the concentration and exposure time. Growth of lymphoid cell lines including Raji (N = 13) was inhibited by 50% (IC(50)) after 2-day treatment at concentrations of 0.83 to 1.87 ng / ml. Viability of clinical samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was decreased by 50% at 0.78 +/- 0.46 ng / ml, whereas the IC(50) values for normal mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow were 2.3 +/- 0.96 and 7.8 +/- 1.0 ng / ml, respectively. The IC(50) values for normal progenitor cells were 3.1, 4.4 and 7.8 ng / ml for BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Mix, respectively. Expression levels of HDAC-1 and HDAC-3 proteins, which varied among cell lines, but were stable during the treatment with FK228, did not correlate with the sensitivity to FK288. This novel agent might be useful in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies, because the above concentrations are clinically achievable in vivo according to a recent clinical study.
Nucleotide sequence of the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus. (1982)

The sequence of the transforming region of simian sarcoma virus (SSV) has been determined by using molecularly cloned viral DNA. This region encompassed the 1.0-kilobase pair woolly monkey cell-derived insertion sequence, v-sis, and flanking simian sarcoma-associated viral (SSAV) sequences. A 675-nucleotide-long open reading frame commenced 19 nucleotides within the SSAV sequences to the left of the v-sis helper viral junction and terminated within v-sis itself. Possible promoter and acceptor splice signals were detected in helper viral sequences upstream from this open reading frame, and potential polyadenylylation sites were identified downstream both within v-sis and in helper viral sequences beyond v-sis. The recombinational event that led to the generation of SSV occurred in the middle of two functional codons, indicating that SSAV provided the regulatory elements for transcription as well as the initiation codon for translation of SSV cell-derived transforming sequences.
Substrate properties of site-specific mutant ubiquitin protein (G76A) reveal unexpected mechanistic features of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1). (1994)

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis proceeds via the formation and degradation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates. Ubiquitin (Ub)-activating enzyme (E1) catalyzes the first, MgATP-dependent step in the conjugative reaction sequence. With wild type ubiquitin, the product of the E1 reaction is a ternary complex (E1-Ub-AMP-Ub) containing one thiol-linked ubiquitin (via the Ub COOH terminus, Gly-76) and one tightly bound ubiquitin adenylate. The thiol-linked ubiquitin is subsequently transferred to the thiol of a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2 protein); the latter adduct is the proximal donor of ubiquitin to the target protein. A mutant ubiquitin, bearing a Gly to Ala substitution at the COOH terminus (G76A-ubiquitin), was characterized as a substrate for E1. G76A-ubiquitin 1) supported PPi-ATP exchange poorly (500-fold decrease in kcat/K(m); 2) did not produce detectable AMP-Ub with native E1; 3) produced stoichiometric AMP-Ub with thiol-blocked E1; 4) gave a stoichiometric burst of ATP consumption (1 mol/mol E1) with either native or thiol-blocked E1; 5) supported E1-ubiquitin thiol ester formation with native E1; 6) supported several downstream reactions of the proteolytic pathway at approximately 20% of the rate of wild type ubiquitin. These results indicate that G76A-ubiquitin gives a binary E1 thiol ester complex with native E1, due to the failure of the E1-ubiquitin thiol ester to undergo another round of adenylate synthesis; thus AMP-Ub is detected only if adenylate to thiol transfer is prevented by alkylating E1. The inability of G76A-ubiquitin to support ternary complex formation has implications for E1 active site structure. In other experiments, occupancy of the nucleotide/adenylate site of E1, by either MgATP or AMP-Ub, was found to stimulate ubiquitin transthiolation between E1 and E2 proteins. The intermediacy of ubiquitin adenylate thus provides a previously unrecognized catalytic advantage in the E1 mechanism.
Treatment of Autoimmune Anterior Uveitis with Recombinant TCR Ligands (2006)

RTL constructs suppressed clinical and histologic AU by inhibiting the systemic activation of specific T cells and preventing the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the eye. These findings suggest a possible clinical application of this novel class of peptide/MHC class II constructs in patients with AU that is mediated by T-cell responses to known antigenic peptides.
Über die Beziehung zwischen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Zusammensetzung des Reaktionsproduktes bei Makropolymerisationsvorgängen (1935)

Article Über die Beziehung zwischen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Zusammensetzung des Reaktionsproduktes bei Makropolymerisationsvorgängen was published on October 1, 1935 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 30B, issue 1).
Potent and selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 replication by a class of bicyclams interacting with a viral uncoating event. (1992)

A series of bicyclams have been shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The compounds are inhibitory to the replication of various HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains in various human T-cell systems, including peripheral blood lymphocytes, at 0.14-1.4 microM, without being toxic to the host cells at 2.2 mM. The bicyclam JM2763 is active against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine; AZT)-resistant HIV-1 strains and acts additively with AZT. Mechanism of action studies revealed that the bicyclams (i.e., JM2763) interact with an early event of the retrovirus replicative cycle, which could be tentatively identified as a viral uncoating event.
MCM-41 Organic Modification as Drug Delivery Rate Regulator (2002)

Organic modification with aminopropyl group of two MCM-41 materials having different pore sizes (obtained from trimethylalkylammonium surfactants with different chain sizes (16 and 12 carbon atoms)) has been carried out in order to control the delivery rate of ibuprofen from the siliceous matrix. This functionalization was performed by two different methods: the as-synthesized MCM-41 sample was treated with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (method a), and the MCM-41 was first calcined and then funtionalized by reaction with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (method b). The amount of ibuprofen adsorbed from hexane solution is lower for the C12 derived materials. A slower delivery rate has been observed for method b, whereas a minor influence of the pore size on the delivery rate has been found.
Apolipoproteins in the brain: implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders (2010)

The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body and, owing to the impermeable nature of the blood-brain barrier, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism within this organ is distinct from the rest of the body. Apolipoproteins play a well-established role in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the CNS; however, evidence is emerging that they also fulfill a number of functions that extend beyond lipid transport and are critical for healthy brain function. The importance of apolipoproteins in brain physiology is highlighted by genetic studies, where apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms have been identified as risk factors for several neurological diseases. Furthermore, the expression of brain apolipoproteins is significantly altered in several brain disorders. The purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date assessment of the major apolipoproteins found in the brain (ApoE, ApoJ, ApoD and ApoA-I), covering their proposed roles and the factors influencing their level of expression. Particular emphasis is placed on associations with neurological and psychiatric disorders.
The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis (1998)

International audience
Wavelength dependence for the photoreversal of a psoralen-DNA crosslink (1986)

We report an action spectrum for the photoreversal of a psoralen cross-link joining two self-complementary DNA oligonucleotides. The cross-link was formed between two thymines (T) on opposite strands of the DNA oligomers and 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT). For comparison, we also present an action spectrum for the photoreversal of the isolated diadduct T-HMT-T. The wavelength dependence for the diadduct photoreversal parallels its absorption spectrum. Both the diadduct and the cross-linked DNA can be photoreversed by exposure to light with wavelengths between 240 and 313 nm. We did not observe photoreversal at 334 nm or above. At least two distinct absorption bands appear to contribute to photoreversal. We measured a quantum yield of 0.16 for photoreversal of the isolated diadduct at wavelengths between 240 and 266 nm. For wavelengths above 280 nm, the quantum yield is 0.30. We also observed a preferential photoreversal at the furan end of the psoralen in the T-HMT-T diadduct. In contrast, the cross-linked DNA oligonucleotides preferentially photoreversed at the pyrone end of the psoralen adduct. The rate constant for photoreversal of the cross-linked DNA is larger than that for the isolated diadduct at wavelengths below 300 nm.
Preparation of .beta.,.beta.-difluoro-.alpha.-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with pentafluoropropen-2-ylzinc reagent (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of .beta.,.beta.-difluoro-.alpha.-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with pentafluoropropen-2-ylzinc reagentPeter A. Morken and Donald J. BurtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 1167–1172Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Deposition of Conformal Copper and Nickel Films from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2001)

Device-quality copper and nickel films were deposited onto planar and etched silicon substrates by the reduction of soluble organometallic compounds with hydrogen in a supercritical carbon dioxide solution. Exceptional step coverage on complex surfaces and complete filling of high-aspect-ratio features of less than 100 nanometers width were achieved. Nickel was deposited at 60 degrees C by the reduction of bis(cyclopentadienyl)nickel and copper was deposited from either copper(I) or copper(II) compounds onto the native oxide of silicon or metal nitrides with seed layers at temperatures up to 200 degrees C and directly on each surface at temperatures above 250 degrees C. The latter approach provides a single-step means for achieving high-aspect-ratio feature fill necessary for copper interconnect structures in future generations of integrated circuits.
Cancer Research: Nanomaterials: Applications in Cancer Imaging and Therapy (Adv. Mater. 12/2011) (2011)

Abstract The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non‐invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor‐targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer‐sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti‐cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
Amino Acid Substitutions in the CA Protein of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus That Block Early Events in Infection (1996)

The capsid domain (CA) of the retroviral Gag protein is a major constituent of the virion core. To examine the role of this protein in M-MuLV morphogenesis and replication, a series of substitution mutations affecting the central region of CA were introduced into an infectious proviral DNA. The altered DNAs were introduced into cells, and the resulting lines were analyzed for production of infectious virions. Only one of the replication defective mutants analyzed was blocked in virion assembly. The remaining mutant DNAs induced the formation and release of particles containing genomic RNA and polymerase protein. The reverse transcriptase associated with these mutant virions was capable of transcribing both minus strand strong stop and extended DNA products using the endogenous genomic RNA as template in vitro. Upon infection of fresh cells, however, no viral DNA synthesis could be detected either by Southern analysis or by an RNase protection assay developed specifically to detect intermediate products of reverse transcription. The results indicate that the bulk of the CA mutants are blocked before reverse transcription of the viral genome and suggest an important role for the capsid protein in an early stage of viral replication.
Enhancement of Fibroblast Collagenase (Matrix Metalloproteinase-1)Gene Expression by Ceramide Is Mediated by Extracellular Signal-regulated and Stress-activated Protein Kinase Pathways (1998)

Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 trigger the ceramide signaling pathway, initiated by neutral sphingomyelinase-elicited hydrolysis of cell membrane phospholipid sphingomyelin to ceramide, a new lipid second messenger. Here, we show that triggering the ceramide pathway by sphingomyelinase or C2- and C6-ceramide enhances collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1; MMP-1) gene expression by fibroblasts. C2-ceramide activates three distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in dermal fibroblasts, i.e. extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal-kinase (SAPK/JNK), and p38. Stimulation of MMP-1 promoter activity by C2-ceramide is dependent on the presence of a functional AP-1 cis-element and is entirely inhibited by overexpression of MAPK inhibitor, dual specificity phosphatase CL100 (MAPK phosphatase-1). Activation of MMP-1 promoter by C2-ceramide is also effectively inhibited by kinase-deficient forms of ERK1/2 kinase (MEK1/2) activator Raf-1, ERK1 and ERK2, SAPK/JNK activator SEK1, or SAPKbeta. In addition, ceramide-dependent induction of MMP-1 expression is potently prevented by PD 98059, a selective inhibitor of MEK1 activation, and by specific p38 inhibitor SB 203580. These results show that triggering the ceramide signaling pathway activates MMP-1 gene expression via three distinct MAPK pathways, i.e. ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38, and suggest that targeted modulation of the ceramide signaling pathway may offer a novel therapeutic approach for inhibiting collagenolytic activity, e.g. in inflammatory disorders.
Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2017)

The 3D <i>in vitro</i> NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.
Immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin, its free subunits, and metabolites (1997)

Multiple hCG-related molecules are present in pregnancy serum and urine samples. These include non-nicked hCG (the hormone), nicked hCG, hyper- and hypoglycosylated hCG, hCG missing the C-terminal extension, free alpha-subunit, large free alpha-subunit, free beta-subunit, nicked free beta-subunit, and beta-core fragment. Over 100 immunoassays are sold for quantifying hCG-related molecules in serum or urine. Each measures nonnicked hCG and one of seven combinations of the other hCG-related molecules. This is the source of interassay discordance in hCG determinations. Whereas minor variations are noted in different kit results in normal pregnancy samples (more than twofold variation), much larger variations may be found in two immunoassay results in irregular gestations (spontaneous abortion, aneuploidy, preeclampsia, cancers, and trophoblast disease). Care is needed in choosing an immunoassay. What the assay measures may be more important than its cost or speed. This article reviews the structure of hCG and related molecules. It examines the stability and degradation of hCG, and recognition of hCG-related molecules by different types of immunoassay. Also reviewed are new assays for specifically detecting these other hCG-related molecules.
Target cell specificity of two species of human interferon-alpha produced in Escherichia coli and of hybrid molecules derived from them. (1981)

Plasmids containing cDNAs for human interferon (IfN) alpha-1, IFN alpha-2, and several hybrids of the two cDNAs, all joined identically to an Escherichia coli lac promoter fragment gave rise, in E. coli, to fused interferons (fIFNs) that had very different target-cell specificities. fIFN alpha-1 had a lower specific activity on human WISH cells than on bovine MDBK cells, while fIFN alpha-2 showed the opposite behavior. fIFN hybrids with the NH2-proximal half of fIFN alpha-2 behaved qualitatively like fIFN alpha-1, and those with the NH2-proximal half of fIFN alpha-2, behaved like fIFN alpha-2. On mouse L929 cells, fIFN alpha-2 was almost inactive, while fIFN alpha-1 showed relatively high activity. In this case, the fIFN hybrids with the COOH-proximal half of IFN alpha-1 showed activity on mouse cells, while the reciprocal hybrid did not. In many cases, the activity spectrum of the hybrids was very different from that of either parent. We propose that the IFN molecule has either two binding sites or two regions constituting the binding site, one in the COOH- and the other in the NH2-proximal half. The experimental findings can be accounted for if the fits of the two sites to their receptor counterparts on different cell lines are independent of one another.
A splice variant of human ephrin-A4 encodes a soluble molecule that is secreted by activated human B lymphocytes (2000)

Ephrin-A4 is a ligand for the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptor family of tyrosine kinases. We have identified a secreted form of ephrin-A4, denoted ephrin-A4 (s), which is encoded by an alternatively spliced mRNA and is produced by in vivo activated B cells in tonsils. Blood B cells secrete ephrin-A4 (s) upon stimulation via the B-cell antigen receptor. A subpopulation of tonsil cells in the crypts with a dendritic cell phenotype was shown to express EphA2, an Eph receptor tyrosine kinase that was found to be capable of binding an ephrin-A4 immunoglobulin chimeric protein. We conclude that ephrin-A4 (s) may play a role in the interaction between activated B lymphocytes and dendritic cells in human tonsils. (Blood. 2000;95:221-230)
Theory of the Blue Phase of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1981)

We present a theory of the cholesteric blue phase, assuming a first-order cholesteric-isotropic transition. We show, on the basis of the Oseen-Frank elasticity equations, that the planar helix structure, generally associated with the cholesteric phase, becomes unstable at temperatures near the transition point. It transforms into a phase characterized by a network of disclination lines.
Antineoplastic agents. 150. The structure and synthesis of dolastatin 3 (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic agents. 150. The structure and synthesis of dolastatin 3George R. Pettit, Yoshiaki Kamano, Cedric W. Holzapfel, Wynand J. Van Zyl, Albert A. Tuinman, Cherry L. Herald, Lubomir Baczynskyj, and Jean M. SchmidtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7581–7582Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00258a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts