gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Sonic hedgehog peptides in the developing chick and mouse embryo (1995)

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) encodes a signal that is implicated in both short- and long-range interactions that pattern the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), somite and limb. Studies in vitro indicate that Shh protein undergoes an internal cleavage to generate two secreted peptides. We have investigated the distribution of Shh peptides with respect to these patterning events using peptide-specific antibodies. Immunostaining of chick and mouse embryos indicates that Shh peptides are expressed in the notochord, floor plate and posterior mesenchyme of the limb at the appropriate times for their postulated patterning functions. The amino peptide that is implicated in intercellular signaling is secreted but remains tightly associated with expressing cells. The distribution of peptides in the ventral CNS is polarized with the highest levels of protein accumulating towards the luminal surface. Interestingly, Shh expression extends beyond the floor plate, into ventrolateral regions from which some motor neuron precursors are emerging. In the limb bud, peptides are restricted to a small region of posterior-distal mesenchyme in close association with the apical ectodermal ridge; a region that extends 50-75 microns along the anterior-posterior axis. Temporal expression of Shh peptides is consistent with induction of sclerotome in somites and floor plate and motor neurons in the CNS, as well as the regulation of anterior-posterior polarity in the limb. However, we can find no direct evidence for long-range diffusion of the 19 x 10(3) Mr peptide which is thought to mediate both short- and long-range cell interactions. Thus, either long-range signaling is mediated indirectly by the activation of other signals, or alternatively the low levels of diffusing peptide are undetectable using available techniques.
Applications of peptide synthetases in the synthesis of peptide analogues. (1997)

Enzymatically formed peptides show positional variations as well as highly conserved amino acids. In the cases of gramicidin S, tyrocidine, linear gramicidins, enniatins, echinocandins and viridogrisein in vivo and in vitro studies indicate substrate selection at the level of amino acid activation as a major control step. Evidence for proof-reading steps beyond activation has been obtained in penicillin and cyclosporin biosynthesis. Activated substrate analogues may promote the formation of side products such as dipeptides and cyclodipeptides. Modifications of intermediates, such as N-methylation, influence the rates of peptide synthesis. These control steps pose limitations for the application of such enzyme systems in the production of peptide libraries. They may originate from a target oriented evolution of these synthetases.
Effect of ileal infusion of lipid on jejunal motor patterns after a nutrient and nonnutrient meal (1988)

To investigate how ileal lipid delays small bowel transit, pressure activity was recorded at multiple sites in the human small intestine during ileal infusion of either lipid or saline. Initial studies showed that ileal lipid reduced the contraction rate in the jejunum but not in the duodenum or ileum. The effect of ileal lipid was further investigated by recording pressures at seven sites in the jejunum after ingestion of either a nutrient or a nonnutrient meal. The nutrient meal induced an irregular motility pattern; ileal lipid significantly reduced the contraction rate, the percentage of contractions involved in propagated events, the mean length of propagation, and the propagation index. The nonnutrient meal induced a pattern containing discrete clusters of contractions. Ileal lipid significantly reduced the occurrence of contraction clusters and the mean length of propagation. Thus, although the delay in small bowel transit observed during ileal infusion of lipid can be explained by reductions in the rate and the degree of propagation of jejunal contractions, the mechanism varies according to the type of meal.
Cardioprotection by liposome-conjugated sialyl Lewisx-oligosaccharide in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury (1995)

Liposome-conjugated SLex-oligosaccharide attenuates myocardial necrosis and preserves coronary endothelial function following MI/R in vivo. The mechanism appears to be mediated by inhibition of the initial PMN-endothelial interaction and eventual accumulation into the ischaemic cardiac tissue. The liposome-SLex complex may be an efficient drug formulation for acute inflammatory diseases.
Factors Relevant for the Regioselective Cyclopolymerization of 1,6-Heptadiynes, N,N-Dipropargylamines, N,N-Dipropargylammonium Salts, and Dipropargyl Ethers by RuIV−Alkylidene-Based Metathesis Initiators (2008)

The factors relevant for the regioselectivity of insertion of various 1,6-heptadiynes, N,N-dipropargylamines, N,N-dipropargylammonium salts and dipropargyl ethers into different Ru(IV)-alkylidenes, i.e., [Ru(CF(3)COO)(2)(IMesH(2))(CHR), (R = 2,4,5-(MeO)(3)-C(6)H(2) (I1), 2-(2-PrO)-5-NO(2)-C(6)H(3) (I3), 2-(2-PrO)-C(6)H(4) (I4)), [Ru(CF(3)COO)(2)(1,3-dimesityl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(CH-2-(2-PrO)-5-NO(2)-C(6)H(3))] (I2), [Ru(CF(3)COO)(2)(3-mesityl-1-((1'R)-1'-phenylethyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene)(CH-2-(2-PrO)C(6)H(4))] (I5) and [Ru(C(6)F(5)COO)(2)(IMesH(2))(CH-2-(2-PrO)-C(6)H(4))] (I6), (IMesH(2) = 1,3-dimesitylimidazolin-2-ylidene), is described. (13)C NMR experiments revealed that all polymers synthesized by the action of I1-I6 consisted virtually solely (>95%) of five-membered repeat units, i.e., (cyclopent-1-enylene)-1,2-vinylenes, 3,4-(1H-2,5-dihydropyrrylenium)-3,4-vinylenes, and (2-pentyl-2,5-dihydrofurylene)-3,4-vinylenes, respectively. The (13)C NMR-based assignments were supported by the synthesis of model compounds, i.e., (cyclopent-3-ene-1,1-diyldimethylbis(tris(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)carboxylate) (MC1) and N-propyl-N-ethyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolium tetrafluoroborate (MC2), as well as by ene-yne cross metathesis reactions of 3-(propargyloxy)-1-octyne (M6) with trimethylallylsilane. In the polymerization of N-ethyl-N,N-dipropargylamine (M9), an intermediate was isolated that sheds light onto the role of heteroatoms in the 4-position of 1,6-heptadiynes in cyclopolymerization. In addition, in the cyclopolymerization of M9 by I4 the product resulting from back-biting has been isolated and explains for the low polymerization propensity of Ru-alkylidenes for N-alkyl-N,N-dipropargylamines.
An epigenetic mouse model for molecular and behavioral neuropathologies related to schizophrenia vulnerability (2002)

Reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67 expressed by cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneurons are down-regulated in schizophrenia. Because epidemiological studies of schizophrenia fail to support candidate gene haploinsufficiency of Mendelian origin, we hypothesize that epigenetic mechanisms (i.e., cytosine hypermethylation of CpG islands present in the promoter of these genes) may be responsible for this down-regulation. Protracted l-methionine (6.6 mmolkg for 15 days, twice a day) treatment in mice elicited in brain an increase of S-adenosyl-homocysteine, the processing product of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-methionine, and a marked decrease of reelin and GAD67 mRNAs in both WT and heterozygous reeler mice. This effect of l-methionine was associated with an increase in the number of methylated cytosines in the CpG island of the reelin promoter region. This effect was not observed for GAD65 or neuronal-specific enolase and was not replicated by glycine doses 2-fold greater than those of l-methionine. Prepulse inhibition of startle declined at a faster rate as the prepulsestartle interval increased in mice receiving l-methionine. Valproic acid (2 mmolkg for 15 days, twice a day) reverted l-methionine-induced down-regulation of reelin and GAD67 in both WT and heterozygous reeler mice, suggesting an epigenetic action through the inhibition of histone deacetylases. The same dose of valproate increased acetylation of histone H3 in mouse brain nearly 4-fold. This epigenetic mouse model may be useful in evaluating drug efficacy on schizophrenia vulnerability. Hence the inhibition of histone deacetylases could represent a pharmacological intervention mitigating epigenetically induced vulnerability to schizophrenia in individuals at risk.
Detection of Salmonella typhi in the blood of patients with typhoid fever by polymerase chain reaction (1993)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test was developed for the detection of Salmonella typhi in the blood specimens from patients with typhoid fever. Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 343-bp fragment of the flagellin gene of S. typhi. Amplified products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization by using a 32P-labeled 40-base probe internal to the amplified DNA. The nested PCR with two pairs of primers could detect 10 organisms of S. typhi as determined by serial dilutions of DNA from S. typhi. The peripheral mononuclear cells from 11 of 12 patients with typhoid fever confirmed by blood culture were positive for DNA fragment of the flagellin gene of S. typhi, whereas 10 blood specimens of patients with other febrile diseases were negative. With the nested PCR, S. typhi DNAs were detected from blood specimens of four patients with suspected typhoid fever on the basis of clinical features but with negative cultures. We suggest that the PCR technique could be used as a novel diagnostic method of typhoid fever, particularly in culture-negative cases.
Structure and expression of the alkA gene of Escherichia coli involved in adaptive response to alkylating agents. (1984)

Nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment containing the alkA gene and its control region has been determined using a chemical method. Only one open reading frame responsible for 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II was found. The hypothetical polypeptide deduced from the DNA sequence, with a molecular weight of 31,400, has an amino-terminal sequence and total amino acid composition identical to that of purified 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II. We constructed hybrid plasmids carrying an alkA'-lacZ' fusion, with the proper control region for alkA expression. A hybrid polypeptide with beta-galactosidase activity was formed when lac mutant cells harboring such plasmids were incubated with low doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or methylmethane sulfonate. Other DNA-damaging agents, such as ethylmethane sulfonate, nalidixic acid, and ultraviolet light did not induce the enzyme activity. The induction was controlled by the ada and adc, but not by the recA and lexA genes.
Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin and Fibrinolytic Therapy for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation (2005)

In patients 75 years of age or younger who have myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation and who receive aspirin and a standard fibrinolytic regimen, the addition of clopidogrel improves the patency rate of the infarct-related artery and reduces ischemic complications.
Imaging delta- and mu-opioid receptors by PET in lung carcinoma patients. (2007)

These data provide in vivo evidence for the presence of delta- and mu-opioid receptor types in the 3 major human lung carcinomas and suggest the suitability of 11C-MeNTI and 11C-CFN as investigational probes of lung carcinoma biology.
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TEMP) in invasion and proliferation (1999)

Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of natural inhibitors that control the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Four members of this family have been so far characterized in a variety of species. These inhibitors share a similar structural feature characterized by the presence of 12 cysteine residues involved in disulfide bonds and a similar function by their ability to form inhibitory complexes with MMPs. The role of TIMPs in cancer has been the subject of conflicting reports with an antitumor activity reported by some investigators and a growth stimulation activity reported by others. Here we will discuss a series of data obtained in our laboratory supporting a role of TIMPs not only as inhibitors of invasion but also as regulators of cell growth. Using placental development as an example of a regulated invasive process, we have observed that the levels of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 steadily increase between day 14.5 and 17.5 post-coitus. TIMPs are selectively expressed by spongiotrophoblastic cells that separate the labyrinthine zone, rich in fetal blood vessels and maternal blood sinuses, from the zone of giant cells forming the border between fetal and maternal tissues. TIMPs are also potent inhibitors of tumor growth in vivo. In melanoma cells, we have previously reported that over-expression of TIMP-2 inhibits the growth of tumors implanted in the skin of scid mice. This growth inhibition seems independent of angiogenesis but dependent on the collagen matrix. We observed that in the presence of fibrillar type I collagen, melanoma cells undergo a growth arrest at the G1 to S interphase transition of the cell cycle. This arrest is specific to the fibrillar structure of collagen because it is not observed in the presence of non-fibrillar collagen or other ECM components. It is associated with a specific upregulation of the cyclin inhibitor p27KIP1. The data therefore indicate that anchorage independent cells remain sensitive to growth regulatory signals that originate from the ECM and that these signals can specifically block tumor cell cycle. Thus our concept of the role of protease inhibitors such as TIMPs in cancer has substantially changed from an initial focus on inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis to a broader focus on being molecules that--via their function as regulators of the ECM homeostasis--can control tumor cell growth.
Relationship Between Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction, Development, and Life Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans (2007)

Prior studies have shown that disruption of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can result in life extension. Counter to these findings, many mutations that disrupt ETC function in humans are known to be pathologically life-shortening. In this study, we have undertaken the first formal investigation of the role of partial mitochondrial ETC inhibition and its contribution to the life-extension phenotype of C. elegans. We have developed a novel RNA interference (RNAi) dilution strategy to incrementally reduce the expression level of five genes encoding mitochondrial proteins in C. elegans: atp-3, nuo-2, isp-1, cco-1, and frataxin (frh-1). We observed that each RNAi treatment led to marked alterations in multiple ETC components. Using this dilution technique, we observed a consistent, three-phase lifespan response to increasingly greater inhibition by RNAi: at low levels of inhibition, there was no response, then as inhibition increased, lifespan responded by monotonically lengthening. Finally, at the highest levels of RNAi inhibition, lifespan began to shorten. Indirect measurements of whole-animal oxidative stress showed no correlation with life extension. Instead, larval development, fertility, and adult size all became coordinately affected at the same point at which lifespan began to increase. We show that a specific signal, initiated during the L3/L4 larval stage of development, is sufficient for initiating mitochondrial dysfunction-dependent life extension in C. elegans. This stage of development is characterized by the last somatic cell divisions normally undertaken by C. elegans and also by massive mitochondrial DNA expansion. The coordinate effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on several cell cycle-dependent phenotypes, coupled with recent findings directly linking cell cycle progression with mitochondrial activity in C. elegans, lead us to propose that cell cycle checkpoint control plays a key role in specifying longevity of mitochondrial mutants.
DPTSV: A dynamic priority task scheduling strategy for TSS deadlock based on value evaluation (2016)

This paper analyzes the threat of TCG Software Stack (TSS)/TCM Service Module (TSM) deadlock in multi-user environment such as cloud and discusses its causes and mechanism. In addition, this paper puts forward a dynamic priority task scheduling strategy based on value evaluation to handle this threat. The strategy is based on the implementation features of trusted hardware and establishes a multi-level ready queue. In this strategy, an algorithm for real-time value computing is also designed, and it can adjust the production curves of the real time value by setting parameters in different environment, thus enhancing its adaptability, which is followed by scheduling and algorithm description. This paper also implements the algorithm and carries out its performance optimization. Due to the experiment result from Intel NUC, it is shown that TSS based on advanced DPTSV is able to solve the problem of deadlock with no negative influence on performance and security in multi-user environment.
Disruption of cell-cycle control by viral oncoproteins (1993)

Conference Article| November 01 1993 Disruption of cell-cycle control by viral oncoproteins Joseph R. Nevins Joseph R. Nevins 1Section of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (4): 935–938. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210935 Article history Received: July 26 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Joseph R. Nevins; Disruption of cell-cycle control by viral oncoproteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1993; 21 (4): 935–938. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210935 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: Rb, retinoblastoma, SV40, simian virus 40 This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Lattice parameters of gallium nitride (1996)

Lattice parameters of gallium nitride were measured using high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The following samples were examined: (i) single crystals grown at pressure of about 15 kbar, (ii) homoepitaxial layers, (iii) heteroepitaxial layers (wurtzite structure) on silicon carbide, on sapphire, and on gallium arsenide, (iv) cubic gallium nitride layers on gallium arsenide. The differences between the samples are discussed in terms of their concentrations of free electrons and structural defects.
Validation of a real‐time PCR for the quantitative estimation of a G143A mutation in the cytochrome bc1 gene of Pyrenophora teres (2006)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the cytochrome b gene confers resistance to strobilurin fungicides for several fungal pathogens. Therefore, on the basis of a change at amino acid position 143 from glycine to alanine, a real-time PCR assay was established for the quantitative detection of the analogous SNP in the cytochrome b sequence of Pyrenophora teres Drechsler, which causes barley net blotch. Allelic discrimination was achieved by using allele specific primers with artificially mismatched nucleic acid bases and minor groove binding probes. Validation parameters for the lower limits of the working range, namely limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ), were statistically determined by the variance of calibration data, as well as by the variance of the 100% non-strobilurin-resistant allele DNA sample (blank values). It was found that the detection was limited by the variance of blank values (five in 801 458 copies; 0.0006%), whereas the quantification was limited by the variance of calibration data (37 in 801 458 copies; 0.0046%). The real-time PCR assay was finally used to monitor strobilurin-resistant cytochrome b alleles in barley net blotch field samples, which were already classified in in vivo biotests to be fully sensitive to strobilurins. All signals for strobilurin-resistant cytochrome b alleles were below the LOD, and therefore the results are in total agreement with the phenotypes revealed by biotests.
The impact of neuropathic pain on health-related quality of life (2007)

A number of high-quality studies have recently been published that examine the association between neuropathic pain and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The current review identified 52 such studies in patients with six neuropathic pain conditions associated with lesions of either the peripheral (postsurgical neuropathic pain associated with breast and amputation surgery, postherpetic neuralgia, and painful diabetic neuropathy) or central (poststroke pain, spinal cord injury pain, multiple sclerosis pain) nervous system. The results provide strong evidence that the presence and severity of neuropathic pain are associated with greater impairments in a number of important HRQoL domains. However, the evidence also indicates that this impact varies somewhat as a function of the HRQoL domain being considered and that different measures of HRQoL are differentially sensitive to the effects of neuropathic pain. The findings have important implications for the selection of HRQoL domains and measures to use in clinical trials and in clinical research on HRQoL in persons with neuropathic pain and suggest that a biopsychosocial (as opposed to a primarily biomedical) approach would be appropriate for understanding and treating neuropathic pain.
Control of circuit distortion by the derivative superposition method [MMIC amplifier] (1996)

The derivative structure of the characteristics of GaAs FET's naturally gives rise to changes in magnitude and reversals of phase of intermodulation distortion components. An MMIC design method that exploits the phase reversal to achieve control of distortion in an amplifier is presented. An example circuit is designed and its measured performance is compared with that of a conventional amplifier.
Base composition heterogeneity of mammalian DNAs in CsCl-netropsin density gradient. (1976)

DNAs of 15 mammals and some lower organisms were analysed by CsCl-netropsin density gradient centrifugation. Increased resolving power of this method enabled to detect many new components in mammalian DNAs. Distinct components were detected in the density range of the main band. These components found in different mammalian DNAs have probably limited variation in the G+C content. Most of other components seems to be species specific. The DNAs of lower organisms form homogeneous band even in the presence of netropsin. The relation between densities in CsCl-netropsin and CsCl density gradient is nonlinear. This result supports a hypothesis that in high ionic strength netropsin is preferentially bound to (dA.dT) clusters.