gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second Definitive Test of Proposed Models for the Origin of the CC-1065 and Duocarmycin DNA Alkylation Selectivity (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecond Definitive Test of Proposed Models for the Origin of the CC-1065 and Duocarmycin DNA Alkylation SelectivityDale L. Boger and Douglas S. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4, 1443–1444Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00109a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00109a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Attainment of High Resolution Holographic Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (1971)

Two methods are described to attain high resolution holographic spectroscopy. One is an interferometer construction to record the localized interference fringes on the photographic plate directly. The limitation due to the use of an imaging lens is removed. The other is the application of heterodyning techniques to holographic spectroscopy. By this method, a hologram with high resolving power is recorded on relatively low resolution photographic film.
Potent α4β1 Peptide Antagonists as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents (1997)

The migration, adhesion, and subsequent extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. The integrin adhesion receptor alpha 4 beta 1 expressed on leukocytes binds to the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and to the cytokine inducible vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) at inflamed sites. Binding of alpha 4 beta 1 to VCAM-1 initiates firm adhesion of the leukocyte to the vascular endothelium followed by extravasation into the tissue. Monoclonal antibodies generated against either alpha 4 beta 1 or VCAM-1 can moderate this inflammatory response in a variety of animal models. Recently peptides containing a consensus LDV sequence based on the connecting segment-1 (CS-1) of fibronectin and cyclic peptides containing an RCD motif have shown promise in modulating leukocyte migration and inflammation presumably by blocking the interaction of alpha 4 beta 1 with VCAM-1. Here we describe novel, highly potent, cyclic peptides that competitively inhibit alpha 4 beta 1 binding to VCAM-1 and fibronectin at sub nanomolar concentrations. The structure of a representative analog was determined via NMR spectroscopy and used to facilitate optimization of peptide leads. The peptides discussed here utilize similar functional groups as the binding epitope of VCAM-1, inhibit lymphocyte migration in vivo, and are highly selective for alpha 4 beta 1. Furthermore the structure--activity relationships described here have provided a template for the structure-based design of small molecule antagonists of alpha 4 beta 1-mediated cell adhesion processes.
Chromosomal Instability in Oral Cancer Cells (2005)

Chromosomal instability is a common feature of human tumors, including oral cancer. Although a tumor karyotype may remain quite stable over time, chromosomal instability can lead to 'variations on a theme' of a clonal cell population, often with each cell within a tumor possessing a different karyotype. Thus, chromosomal instability appears to be an important acquired feature of tumor cells, since propagation of such a diverse cell population may facilitate evasion of standard therapies. There are several sources of chromosomal instability, although the primary causes appear to be defects in chromosomal segregation, telomere stability, cell-cycle checkpoint regulation, and the repair of DNA damage. Our understanding of the biological basis of chromosomal instability in cancer cells is increasing rapidly, and we are finding that the seemingly unrelated origins of this phenomenon may actually be related through the complex network of cellular signaling pathways. Here, we review the general causes of chromosomal instability in human tumors. Specifically, we address the state of our knowledge regarding chromosomal instability in oral cancer, and discuss various mechanisms that enhance the ability of cancer cells within a tumor to express heterogeneous karyotypes. In addition, we discuss the clinical relevance of factors associated with chromosomal instability as they relate to tumor prognosis and therapy.
Stressful life events, genetic liability, and onset of an episode of major depression in women (1995)

Genetic factors influence the risk of onset of major depression in part by altering the sensitivity of individuals to the depression-inducing effect of stressful life events.
Highly Water‐Dispersible Biocompatible Magnetite Particles with Low Cytotoxicity Stabilized by Citrate Groups (2009)

Uniform magnetite particles stabilized by citrate groups were successfully synthesized by a modified high-temperature solvothermal reaction. Cell imaging reveals that the water-dispersible particles can readily penetrate into cells without destroying them, indicating an excellent biocompatibility. A high enrichment capacity of the magnetite particles for separation of trace peptides is observed. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thrombosis and Acute Coronary-Artery Lesions in Sudden Cardiac Ischemic Death (1984)

The nature of the pathologic lesion in sudden cardiac ischemic death is in dispute. Among 100 subjects who died of ischemic heart disease in less than six hours, coronary thrombi were found in 74. There was no difference in incidence between those who died in less than 15 minutes, those who died in 15 to 60 minutes, and those who died after one hour. Among 26 cases without an intraluminal thrombus, plaque fissuring was found in 21; thus, in only 5 cases was no acute arterial lesion demonstrated. No intraluminal thrombi were found in age-matched controls. Forty-eight of the 74 thrombi were found at sites of preexisting high-grade stenosis; 14 were found at points of previous stenosis of less than 50 per cent of the diameter of the lumen. Forty-seven per cent of the thrombi were found in the right coronary artery. Only 30 per cent were found in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The pathologic process in sudden ischemic death involves a rapidly evolving coronary-artery lesion in which plaque fissuring and resultant thrombus formation are present. These findings have implications for the prevention of sudden cardiac death by antithrombotic therapy.
Identifying the links between obesity, insulin resistance and β‐cell function: potential role of adipocyte‐derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2002)

A combination of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction underlies most cases of type 2 diabetes. While the interplay of these two impairments is believed to be important in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms involved are unclear. A number of factors have been suggested as possibly linking insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have deleterious effects on both glucose homeostasis and beta-cell function, and can disrupt insulin signalling pathways in both pancreatic beta cells and liver and adipose tissue. The anti-inflammatory activity of the thiazolidinedione anti-diabetic agents is potentially beneficial, given the possible role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in linking insulin resistance with beta-cell dysfunction.
[Surgical treatment for stage III N2 non-small cell lung cancer]. (2002)

Patients with stage III N2 NSCLC are candidates for surgical treatment if they have evidence of limited mediastinal lymph node metastasis and prospects of complete resection.
A 25-mV-Sensitivity 2-Gb/s Optimum-Logic-Threshold Capacitive-Coupling Receiver for Wireless Wafer Probing Systems (2009)

A high-sensitivity capacitive-coupling receiver is presented for wireless wafer probing systems. The receiver with the optimum logic threshold (OLT) achieves the highest sensitivity of 25 mV at the data rate of 2 Gb/s in 0.18-mum CMOS. The OLT receiver increases the communication distance by more than four times while providing tolerance against distance-voltage-area variations.
Analysis of clustered genes encoding both early and late steps in daunomycin biosynthesis by Streptomyces sp. strain C5 (1995)

We recently described the isolation and sequence analysis of the daunomycin polyketide synthase biosynthesis genes of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 (J. Ye, M. L. Dickens, R. Plater, Y. Li, J. Lawrence, and W. R. Strohl, J. Bacteriol. 176:6270-6280, 1994). Contiguous to the daunomycin polyketide synthase biosynthesis gene region in Streptomyces sp. strain C5 are four additional genes involved in daunomycin biosynthesis, two of the products of which show similarity to different types of methyltransferases. The dauC gene, encoding aklanonic acid methyltransferase (AAMT), complements dauC-blocked mutants of Streptomyces sp. strain C5, restores in vitro AAMT activities to the mutant strains, and confers in vitro AAMT activity on Streptomyces lividans. Partial purification through gel filtration, followed by photoaffinity labeling of enriched AAMT with S-adenosyl-L-[3H-methyl]methionine, indicates that AAMT is a homodimer with an M(r) of ca. 48,000 (subunit M(r) of ca. 24,000), which corresponds with the size of the deduced gene product. The dauD gene, encoding aklanonic acid methyl ester cyclase, is divergently arranged with respect to dauC. Immediately downstream and apparently translationally coupled with dauD is the dauK gene, encoding carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase. The dauK gene confers in vitro carminomycin 4-O-methyltransferase activity on S. lividans and is nearly identical to a similar gene isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and characterized. Directly downstream of dauK lies a gene encoding a deduced protein that is similar to the methyl esterases.
A National Cancer Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985-1995 (1998)

The NCDB system permits analysis of care patterns and survival for large numbers of contemporaneous U. S. patients with relatively rare neoplasms, such as thyroid carcinoma. In this context, it represents an unsurpassed clinical tool for analyzing care, evaluating prognostic models, generating new hypotheses, and overcoming the volume-related drawbacks inherent in the study of such neoplasms. [See editorial on pages 2434-6, this issue.]
Viewbased and modular eigenspaces for face recognition (1994)

In this work we describe experiments with eigenfaces for recognition and interactive search in a large-scale face database. Accurate visual recognition is demonstrated using a database of o(10^3) faces. The problem of recognition under general viewing orientation is also explained. A view-based multiple-observer eigenspace technique is proposed for use in face recognition under variable pose. In addition, a modular eigenspace description technique is used which incorporates salient features such as the eyes, nose, mouth, in a eigenfeature layer. This modular representation yields higher recognition rates as well as a more robust framework for face recognition. An automatic feature extraction technique using feature eigentemplates is also demostrated.
논문 : 통근통행 O - D 행렬을 이용한 기능지역의 구분 (2000)

지역구분은 기본적으로 지역간 연계성과 지역의 특성이라는 두 가지 기준에 의해서 이루어져 왔다. 지역간 연계성을 고려한 기능지역의 구분은 통근통행, 전화통화, 버스통행 등의 지역간 O-D행렬을 이용하여 군집분석 (cluster analysis)에 의해서 주로 이루어져 왔으며, Nystuen & Dacey(1961) 이래 간접적인 연계성도 고려하게 되었다. 전국을 대상으로 기능지역을 구분한 김동주(1981), 유 완 외(1981)의 연구결과는 지역간의 연계성을 정확히 반영하지 못했고, 지역간 간접적인 연계성도 고려하지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 1995년도의 지역간 통근통행의 O-D표를 이용하여 지역간 직·간접연계성에 의해서 기능지역의 구분(functional regionalization)을 실시하고, 그 결과를 제4차 국토종합계획의 광역권과 비교하여 시사점을 얻는데 있다. 전국을 대상으로 군집분석을 이용하여 기능지역을 구분한 결과 만족할 만한 성과를 얻을 수 있었다. 제4차 국토종합계획의 광역권과 비교할 때, 수도권, 광역도시권, 제주권은 대체로 본 연구결과와 일치하였으며, 신산업지대권, 연담도시권은 매우 상이한 결과를 보였다. 이러한 이유는 수도권과 광역도시권에서는 지역간 상호연계성이 중시되었지만, 신산업지대권은 지역간 연계성보다는 개발가능성을 고려하고, 연담도시권은 다른 광역권에 포함되지 않은 주변 지역을 동일 권역에 포함시켰기 때문이라고 생각한다. 앞으로 효율적인 광역권 개발사업이 실효를 거두기 위해서는 광역권 설정에 있어서 지역간 연계성을 보다 중요하게 고려해야 할 것이며, 동일 권역에 포함되어 있으며 지역간 상호연계성이 약한 지역간에는 연계성을 제고시켜야 할 것이다.
Drug‐eluting stent fracture: Incidence, contributing factors, and clinical implications (2009)

Stent fracture has been observed in noncoronary vessels, especially in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries and with bare metal stents in saphenous vein grafts of coronary arteries. Since the introduction of drug-eluting stents, stent fractures have also been reported in small studies and case reports. We reviewed these publications to assess what is known regarding the incidence, contributing factors, and clinical implications of drug-eluting stent fracture in coronary arteries. The reported rate of drug-eluting stent fracture in coronary arteries ranges from 1 to 8%, although much of the available literature is derived from single-center studies that are heterogeneous in their study methods. A higher risk of stent fracture may be associated with the right coronary artery location, excessive tortuosity or angulation of the vessel, overlapping stents, and longer stents. The closed-cell design of the Cypher stent has been associated with increased rigidity that may increase the risk of stent fracture, although these studies did not assess the overall outcomes between the Cypher and Taxus stents in a head-to-head comparison. Stent fracture has been shown by most studies to be associated with a statistically increased incidence of focal in-stent restenosis, and some have shown an increased risk of target lesion revascularization. Other complications observed with stent fracture include stent thrombosis, coronary aneurysms, myocardial infarction, and sudden death.
<title>Friction of polymer gels and the potential application as artificial cartilage</title> (1999)

The sliding friction of various kinds of hydrogels has been studied and it was found that the frictional behaviors of the hydrogels do not conform to Amonton's law F equals (mu) W, which well describes the friction of solids. The frictional force and its dependencies of on the load are quite different depending on the chemical structures of the gels, surface properties of the opposing substrates, and the measurement condition. The gel friction is explained in terms of interfacial interaction, either attractive or repulsive, between the polymer chain and the solid surface. According to this model, the frictional is ascribed to the viscous flow of solvent at the interface in the repulsive case. In the attractive case, the force to detach the adsorbing chain from the substrate appears as friction. Surface adhesion between glass particles and gels measured by AFM showed a good correlation with the friction, which support the repulsion- adsorption model proposed by authors.
Iron-mediated intermolecular N-group transfer chemistry with olefinic substrates (2014)

We present a chemoselective group transfer reaction from a high-spin ferric imido to olefinic and benzylic substrates.
Estrogen-Dependent Signaling in a Molecularly Distinct Subclass of Aggressive Prostate Cancer (2008)

TMPRSS2-ERG fusion prostate cancer is a distinct molecular subclass. TMPRSS2-ERG expression is regulated by a novel ER-dependent mechanism.
Biomolecular gradients in cell culture systems (2007)

Biomolecule gradients have been shown to play roles in a wide range of biological processes including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Elucidation of these phenomena requires the ability to expose cells to biomolecule gradients that are quantifiable, controllable, and mimic those that are present in vivo. Here we review the major biological phenomena in which biomolecule gradients are employed, traditional in vitro gradient-generating methods developed over the past 50 years, and new microfluidic devices for generating gradients. Microfluidic gradient generators offer greater levels of precision, quantitation, and spatiotemporal gradient control than traditional methods, and may greatly enhance our understanding of many biological phenomena. For each method, we outline the salient features, capabilities, and applications.
Hemolysis following platelet transfusions from ABO‐incompatible donors (1985)

Two hemolytic transfusion reactions related to isoagglutinins present in group O platelet concentrates are reported. The first, a severe reaction in a group A 10-kg patient, resulted from transfusion of 200 ml of plasma containing a hemolytic anti-A, titer 16, and an IgG anti-A, titer of 32,000. In the second case, a group B adult received between 50 and 70 ml of O plasma with a titer (16,000) of anti-B. This was followed by hemolysis of approximately 40 percent of the patient's red cell volume.
Application of the PM6 semi-empirical method to modeling proteins enhances docking accuracy of AutoDock (2009)

Our results demonstrate that the accuracy of determination of complex geometry using AutoDock 4 for docking calculation greatly increases with the use of quantum chemical partial charge calculation on both the ligands and proteins.
Osmotic regulation of intracellular solute pools in Lactobacillus plantarum (1996)

Bacteria respond to changes in medium osmolarity by varying the concentrations of specific solutes in order to maintain constant turgor pressure. The cytoplasmic pools of K+, proline, glutamate, alanine, and glycine of Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 increased when the osmolarity of the growth media was raised from 0.20 to 1.51 osmol/kg by KCL. When glycine-betaine was present in a high-osmolarity chemically defined medium, it was accumulated to a high cytoplasmic concentration, while the concentrations of most other osmotically important solutes decreased. These observations, together with the effects of glycine-betaine on the specific growth rate under high-osmolarity conditions, suggest that glycine-betaine is preferentially accumulated in L. plantarum. Uptake of glycine-betaine, proline, glutamate, and alanine was studied in cells that were alternately exposed to hyper- and hypo-osmotic stresses. The rate of uptake of proline and glycine-betaine increased instantaneously upon increasing the osmolarity, whereas that of other amino acids did not. This activation occurred also under conditions in which protein synthesis was inhibited was most pronounced when cells were pregrown at high osmolarity. The duration of net transport was a function of the osmotic strength of the assay medium. Glutamate uptake was not activated by an osmotic upshock, and the uptake of alanine was low under all conditions tested. When cells were subjected to osmotic downshock, a rapid efflux of accumulated glycine-betaine, proline, and alanine occurred whereas the pools of other amin acids remained unaffected. The results indicate that osmolyte efflux is, at least to some extent, mediated via specific osmotically regulated efflux systems and not via nonspecific mechanisms as has been suggested previously.
独一无二 四海皆准——-初读赵宝煦教授英文文集 (2009)

建设和谐社会，包括争取建立一个和谐的国际社会，是我国的国策，这一国策是深深植根于中华传统文化的土壤之中的。北京大学赵宝煦教授的英文文集In Pttrsuit of Harmony（《和为贵》）正是从各个角度阐明了这一点。为此，李肇星同志特地用英语为这部文集撰写了序言。今征得李肇星同志的同意，我刊以英汉对照的方式刊出此序言，并以同样的方式摘登了《和为贵》一书首篇文章的部分章节以飨读者。
Kinetic mechanism of controlled Fab-arm exchange for the formation of bispecific immunoglobulin G1 antibodies (2017)

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) combine the antigen specificities of two distinct Abs and demonstrate therapeutic promise based on novel mechanisms of action. Among the many platforms for creating bsAbs, controlled Fab-arm exchange (cFAE) has proven useful based on minimal changes to native Ab structure and the simplicity with which bsAbs can be formed from two parental Abs. Despite a published protocol for cFAE and its widespread use in the pharmaceutical industry, the reaction mechanism has not been determined. Knowledge of the mechanism could lead to improved yields of bsAb at faster rates as well as foster adoption of process control. In this work, a combination of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), nonreducing SDS-PAGE, and strategic mutation of the Ab hinge region was employed to identify and characterize the individual steps of cFAE. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to determine the affinity of parental (homodimer) and bispecific (heterodimer) interactions within the C<sub>H</sub>3 domain, further clarifying the thermodynamic basis for bsAb formation. The result is a clear sequence of events with rate constants that vary with experimental conditions, where dissociation of the K409R parental Ab into half-Ab controls the rate of the reaction.
Chiroptical Properties of Graft Copolymers Containing Chiral Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) as a Side Chain (2011)

Chiral poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC) macromonomers were synthesized by living anionic polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate (HIC) using the functional initiator sodium N-(4-vinylphenyl)benzamide (Na–4VPBA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −98 °C. Polymerization was terminated by (S)-2-acetoxypropionyl chloride using pyridine as a catalyst. Initiator efficiency and aggregation behavior during polymerization were also studied. Chiral PHIC macromonomers with varying molecular weight (MW) were synthesized with a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD). Graft copolymerization of the chiral PHIC macromonomers was performed in toluene at 80 °C under vacuum using free radical polymerization with a 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) initiator. Several experiments were performed to determine the optimum polymerization time for macromonomers and graft copolymers. Formation of the graft copolymer was confirmed using SEC–MALLS, 1H NMR, and circular dichroism (CD). CD spectra showed that graft copolymers adopted a conformation with opposite helical sense and a lower CD intensity as compared with chiral PHIC macromonomers.