gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (1980)

Abstract A new water-insoluble precipitate was obtained by mixing chitosan with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, an anti-thrombogenic agent. The mole ratio of N/COO− in the polyelectrolyte complexes was estimated to be 0.3935–0.9071. It was found that pH, mole ratio of N/Na in the reaction mixture and the order of mixing play an important role in determining the composition ratio of N/COO−. In order to clarify the relationship between the molecular conformation of the polyelectrolyte complexes and their properties, IR spectroscopic studies, elementary analyses, color reaction with Toluidine Blue, studies on solubility and blood clotting test in vitro were performed. The polyelectrolyte complex, prepared at higher pH, differed from that prepared at lower pH, particularly in the density of –COOH group site. These results were interpreted in terms of the variation in the degree of electrolytic dissociation of the weak polyelectrolytes, caused by pH change. All the polyelectrolyte complexes revealed clot-inhibition in vitro. The clot-inhibiting behavior seems to be due to the clot-inhibiting surface of the polyelectrolyte complex, not to the elution of the activity from the surface.
Emergence of FGFR3-TACC3 fusions as a potential by-pass resistance mechanism to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutated NSCLC patients (2017)

Resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with activating EGFR mutations generally involve development of acquired secondary or tertiary EGFR mutations, such as T790M or C797S. However, case reports have demonstrated that actionable receptor tyrosine kinase fusions such as EML4-ALK, CCDC6-RET, and FGFR3-TACC3 can potentially confer resistance to EGFR TKIs. We seeked to identify the prevalence of FGFR3-TACC3 fusion transcripts as resistance mechanism to EGFR TKIs. Hybrid-capture based genomic profiling was performed on FFPE tissue samples and circulating tumor DNA isolated from peripheral whole blood in the course of clinical care. We performed a comprehensive survey of 17,319 clinical NSCLC samples (14,170 adenocarcinomas and 3149 NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS)) and identified 5 cases of FGFR3-TACC3 containing the intact kinase domain of FGFR3 and the coiled-coil domain of TACC3 emerging after treatment with EGFR TKIs, including one previously reported index case. Of the 4 novel cases of FGFR3-TACC3, one emerged after erlotinib, one after afatinib, one after osimertinib, and one after ASP8273. These 5 cases of FGFR3-TACC3 fusions acquired post-EGFR TKI, while rare, indicate that FGFR3-TACC3 is a recurrent resistance mechanism, which can bypass EGFR blockade by all generations of EGFR TKIs in NSCLC. Routine re-biopsy and genomic profiling using platforms capable of detecting kinase fusions has the potential to inform new therapeutic strategies for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC progressing on TKIs.
Large-Scale Catalytic Synthesis of Crystalline Gallium Nitride Nanowires (2000)

GaN nanowires for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices? The simple method for the large-scale production of GaN nanowires presented here may bring us one step closer. Gallium and ammonia are reacted, using polycrystalline indium powder as a catalyst, to produce wire-like structures (see Figure) that show strong photoluminescence of the nanowires in the UV region.
Configurations of fluid membranes and vesicles (1997)

Abstract Vesicles consisting of a bilayer membrane of amphiphilic lipid molecules are remarkably flexible surfaces that show an amazing variety of shapes of different symmetry and topology. Owing to the fluidity of the membrane, shape transitions such as budding can be induced by temperature changes or the action of optical tweezers. Thermally excited shape fluctuations are both strong and slow enough to be visible by video microscopy. Depending on the physical conditions, vesicles adhere to and unbind from each other or a substrate. This article describes the systematic physical theory developed to understand the static and dynamic aspects of membrane and vesicle configurations. The preferred shapes arise from a competition between curvature energy, which derives from the bending elasticity of the membrane, geometrical constraints such as fixed surface area and fixed enclosed volume, and a signature of the bilayer aspect. These shapes of lowest energy are arranged into phase diagrams, which separate regions of different symmetry by continuous or discontinuous transitions. The geometrical constraints affect the fluctuations around these shapes by creating an effective tension. For vesicles of non-spherical topology, the conformal invariance of the curvature energy leads to conformal diffusion, which signifies a one-fold degeneracy of the ground state. Unbinding and adhesion transitions arise from the balance between attractive interactions and entropic repulsion or a cost in bending energy, respectively. Both the dynamics of equilibrium fluctuations and the dynamics of shape transformations are governed not only by viscous damping in the surrounding liquid but also by internal friction if the two monolayers slip over each other. More complex membranes such as that of the red blood cell exhibit a variety of new phenomena because of coupling between internal degrees of freedom and external geometry.
Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on cardiovascular regulation in patients with epilepsy (2007)

Our findings show that VNS influences both sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation. However, our results also show that VNS does not negatively influence autonomic cardiovascular regulation.
Interfacial Lifshitz-van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systems (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterfacial Lifshitz-van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systemsCarel J. Van Oss, Manoj K. Chaudhury, and Robert J. GoodCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 6, 927–941Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00088a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00088a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7382Altmetric-Citations2043LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From the gate to the neuromatrix (1999)

The gate control theory's most important contribution to understanding pain was its emphasis on central neural mechanisms. The theory forced the medical and biological sciences to accept the brain as an active system that filters, selects and modulates inputs. The dorsal horns, too, were not merely passive transmission stations but sites at which dynamic activities (inhibition, excitation and modulation) occurred. The great challenge ahead of us is to understand brain function. I have therefore proposed that the brain possesses a neural network--the body-self neuromatrix--which integrates multiple inputs to produce the output pattern that evokes pain. The body-self neuromatrix comprises a widely distributed neural network that includes parallel somatosensory, limbic and thalamocortical components that subserve the sensory-discriminative. affective-motivational and evaluative-cognitive dimensions of pain experience. The synaptic architecture of the neuromatrix is determined by genetic and sensory influences. The 'neurosignature' output of the neuromatrix--patterns of nerve impulses of varying temporal and spatial dimensions--is produced by neural programs genetically build into the neuromatrix and determines the particular qualities and other properties of the pain experience and behavior. Multiple inputs that act on the neuromatrix programs and contribute to the output neurosignature include. (1) sensory inputs (cutaneous, visceral and other somatic receptors); (2) visual and other sensory inputs that influence the cognitive interpretation of the situation; (3) phasic and tonic cognitive and emotional inputs from other areas of the brain; (4) intrinsic neural inhibitory modulation inherent in all brain function; (5) the activity of the body's stress-regulation systems, including cytokines as well as the endocrine, autonomic, immune and opioid systems. We have traveled a long way from the psychophysical concept that seeks a simple one-to-one relationship between injury and pain. We now have a theoretical framework in which a genetically determined template for the body-self is modulated by the powerful stress system and the cognitive functions of the brain, in addition to the traditional sensory inputs.
Severe community acquired pneumonia: a one-year analysis in a tertiary referral intensive care unit. (2000)

Severe community acquired pneumonia carries a high mortality despite ICU management. Bacterial diagnostic rate was low but made no difference to mortality. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the commonest causative pathogen. The development of septic shock, requirement for mechanical ventilation and bilateral disease are important adverse prognostic indicators.
Design automation and analysis of three-dimensional integrated circuits (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
HLA‐A33 and ‐B44 and susceptibility to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) (1999)

HLA class I and class II alleles of 32 Japanese patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and 136 healthy controls were analyzed by serological (class I) and DNA (class II) typing for any significance in the susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We recognized positive associations of the development of PHN with the HLA class I antigens HLA-A33 and -B44, and the HLA-A33-B44 haplotype. This haplotype is tightly linked to DRB1*1302 in a Japanese healthy population. However, no significant association between PHN and HLA class II alleles was observed with no linkage of the HLA haplotype HLA-A33-B44 to HLA-DRB1*1302 in the patients with PHN. These findings suggest that HLA class I gene may genetically control the immune response against VZV in the pathogenesis of PHN.
Determinants of Systemic Vascular Function in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation is significantly impaired in patients with stable COPD. Airflow obstruction and systemic inflammation may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with COPD.
Cyclophosphamide Induces a Type I Interferon–Associated Sterile Inflammatory Response Signature in Cancer Patients' Blood Cells: Implications for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy (2013)

Altogether, these data identify the cyclophosphamide-induced immunomodulatory factors in humans and indicate that preconditioning chemotherapy may stimulate immunity as a consequence of danger perception associated with blood cell death, through p53 and IFN-I-related mechanisms.
Schweinegallensäuren. V. Der Abbau von Hyocholsäure zu Pregnanderivaten (1966)

Abstract Die Darstellung von Norhyocholsäure und 3α, 6α, 7α‐Trihydroxy‐5β‐pregnanon‐(20) durch Seitenkettenabbau von Hyocholsäure (3α, 6α, 7α‐Trihydroxy‐5β‐cholansäure) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Spiroheterocycles. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some New Spiro(indoline‐3,5′‐pyrazolin)‐1′‐phenyl‐2‐ones and Spiro( indoline‐3,5′‐isoxazolin)‐2‐ones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of HI-6 oxime: potential use in protection of human acetylcholinesterase inhibited by antineoplastic drug irinotecan and its cyto/genotoxicity in vitro. (2007)

The function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the rapid hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), which is involved in the numerous cholinergic pathways in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, AChE measurement is of high value for therapy management, especially during the course of intoxication with different chemicals or drugs that inhibit the enzyme. Pyridinium or bispyridinium aldoximes (oximes) are able to recover the activity of the inhibited enzyme. Since their adverse effects are not well elucidated, in this study the efficiency of HI-6 oxime in protection and/or reactivation of human erythrocyte AChE inhibited by the antineoplastic drug irinotecan as well as its cyto/genotoxicity in vitro were investigated. HI-6 was effective in protection of AChE and increased its activity up to 30%; the residual activity after irinotecan inhibition was 7%. Also, it reactivated the enzyme previously inhibited by 50% irinotecan (4.6 microg/ml) applied at 1/4 of the IC50 value. The tested concentrations of HI-6 exhibited acceptable genotoxicity towards white blood cells, as estimated by the alkaline comet assay, DNA diffusion assay and cytogenetic endpoints (structural chromosome aberrations and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay). The results obtained warrant the further investigation of HI-6 in vivo, as well as its development for possible application in chemotherapy.
A Comparative Anatomic Study on Seven Leaves of Species of Domestic Mniaceae (1999)

The author have studied the transsections of the leaves from seven species of Mniaceae: Trachycystis microphylla (Doz et Molk)Lindb, Mnium laevinerve Card, M thomsonii Schimp, Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid)Kop, P rostratum (Schrad)Kop, P medium (B S G)Kop, P cuspidatum (Hedw) Kop.The results show that the morphological structure of the conductive strand and the stereid band in the costa,the differentiated margins of the leaves differ distinctly in different genus and species,and it can be used as the characters to classify the geus and species.In different geus,these characters are different obviously,so this paper just agrees with Koponen's opinions on the three genus.
Interleukin 12 P40 Production by Barrier Epithelial Cells during Airway Inflammation (2001)

Human airway epithelial cells appear specially programmed for expression of immune response genes implicated in immunity and inflammation. To better determine how this epithelial system operates in vivo, we analyzed its behavior in mouse models that allow for in vitro versus in vivo comparison and genetic modification. Initial comparisons indicated that tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule 1 required sequential induction of interleukin (IL)-12 (p70) and interferon gamma, and unexpectedly localized IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells. Epithelial IL-12 was also inducible during paramyxoviral bronchitis, but in this case, initial IL-12 p70 expression was followed by 75-fold greater expression of IL-12 p40 (as monomer and homodimer). Induction of IL-12 p40 was even further increased in IL-12 p35-deficient mice, and in this case, was associated with increased mortality and epithelial macrophage accumulation. The results placed epithelial cell overgeneration of IL-12 p40 as a key intermediate for virus-inducible inflammation and a candidate for epithelial immune response genes that are abnormally programmed in inflammatory disease. This possibility was further supported when we observed IL-12 p40 overexpression selectively in airway epithelial cells in subjects with asthma and concomitant increases in airway levels of IL-12 p40 (as homodimer) and airway macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for epithelial-derived IL-12 p40 in modifying the level of airway inflammation during mucosal defense and disease.
A Replicable Tetrahedral Nanostructure Self-Assembled from a Single DNA Strand (2009)

We report the design and construction of a nanometer-sized tetrahedron from a single strand of DNA that is 286 nucleotides long. The formation of the tetrahedron was verified by restriction enzyme digestion, Ferguson analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. We further demonstrate that synthesis of the tetrahedron can be easily scaled up through in vivo replication using standard molecular cloning techniques. We found that the in vivo replication efficiency of the tetrahedron is significantly higher in comparison to in vitro replication using rolling-circle amplification (RCA). Our results suggest that it is now possible to design and replicate increasingly complex, single-stranded DNA nanostructures in vivo.
HDAC3 Is a Critical Negative Regulator of Long-Term Memory Formation (2011)

Gene expression is dynamically regulated by chromatin modifications on histone tails, such as acetylation. In general, histone acetylation promotes transcription, whereas histone deacetylation negatively regulates transcription. The interplay between histone acetyltranserases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) is pivotal for the regulation of gene expression required for long-term memory processes. Currently, very little is known about the role of individual HDACs in learning and memory. We examined the role of HDAC3 in long-term memory using a combined genetic and pharmacologic approach. We used HDAC3-FLOX genetically modified mice in combination with adeno-associated virus-expressing Cre recombinase to generate focal homozygous deletions of Hdac3 in area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. To complement this approach, we also used a selective inhibitor of HDAC3, RGFP136 [N-(6-(2-amino-4-fluorophenylamino)-6-oxohexyl)-4-methylbenzamide]. Immunohistochemistry showed that focal deletion or intrahippocampal delivery of RGFP136 resulted in increased histone acetylation. Both the focal deletion of HDAC3 as well as HDAC3 inhibition via RGFP136 significantly enhanced long-term memory in a persistent manner. Next we examined expression of genes implicated in long-term memory from dorsal hippocampal punches using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A, member 2 (Nr4a2) and c-fos was significantly increased in the hippocampus of HDAC3-FLOX mice compared with wild-type controls. Memory enhancements observed in HDAC3-FLOX mice were abolished by intrahippocampal delivery of Nr4a2 small interfering RNA, suggesting a mechanism by which HDAC3 negatively regulates memory formation. Together, these findings demonstrate a critical role for HDAC3 in the molecular mechanisms underlying long-term memory formation.
Gastrointestinal Fibroblasts Have Specialized, Diverse Transcriptional Phenotypes: A Comprehensive Gene Expression Analysis of Human Fibroblasts (2015)

Fibroblasts are the principal stromal cells that exist in whole organs and play vital roles in many biological processes. Although the functional diversity of fibroblasts has been estimated, a comprehensive analysis of fibroblasts from the whole body has not been performed and their transcriptional diversity has not been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transcriptional diversity of human fibroblasts within the whole body.
The case for gravity data from boreholes (1950)

Abstract The immediate urge for gravity meter surveys in boreholes is the desire to improve the gravity method itself but there are other potential uses for data so obtained. Borehole gravity surveys, through the influence of density, would be related to numerous important rock properties such as the velocity of seismic waves, the coefficient of reflection, the electrical resistivity, lithology, porosity, and the kinds and states of fluids in the rock. Therefore, in addition to improvement in gravity prospecting, the data would bear upon seismic techniques and, depending on accuracy and detail, upon the interpretation of lithologic and electric logs. The more obvious of the possible uses are indicated and some of the problems and inherent limitations holding up development are discussed.
Efficient Decoding of High-order Hidden Markov Models (2007)

Most speech recognition and language identification engines are based on hidden Markov models (HMMs).Higher-order HMMs are known to be more powerful than first-order HMMs, but have not been widely used because of their complexity and computational demands.The main objective of this dissertation was to develop a more time-efficient method of decoding high-order HMMs than the standard Viterbi decoding algorithm currently in use.We proposed, implemented and evaluated two decoders based on the Forward-Backward Search (FBS) paradigm, which incorporate information obtained from low-order HMMs.The first decoder is based on time-synchronous Viterbi-beam decoding where we wish to base our state pruning on the complete observation sequence.The second decoder is based on time-asynchronous A* search.The choice of heuristic is critical to the A* search algorithms and a novel, task-independent heuristic function is presented.The experimental results show that both these proposed decoders result in more time-efficient decoding of the fully-connected, high-order HMMs that were investigated.Three significant facts have been uncovered.The first is that conventional forward Viterbi-beam decoding of high-order HMMs is not as computationally expensive as is commonly thought.The second (and somewhat surprising) fact is that backward decoding of conventional, high-order left-context HMMs is significantly more expensive than the conventional forward decoding.By developing the right-context HMM, we showed that the backward decoding of a mathematically equivalent right-context HMM is as expensive as the forward decoding of the left-context HMM.The third fact is that the use of information obtained from low-order HMMs significantly reduces the computational expense of decoding high-order HMMs.The comparison of the two new decoders indicate that the FBS-Viterbi-beam decoder is more time-efficient than the A* decoder.The FBS-Viterbi-beam decoder is not only simpler to implement, it also requires less memory than the A* decoder.We suspect that the broader research community regards the Viterbi-beam algorithm as the most efficient method of decoding HMMs.We hope that the research presented in this dissertation will result in renewed investigation into decoding algorithms that are applicable to high-order HMMs. First of all to my wife, Marian, who supported, encouraged me (and had to live with me) during the rain and shine of this journey. My promotor, Prof. Johan du Preez, for his unwavering belief that the idea must work and that we must just find the way. Dr. Ludwig Schwardt, for the stimulating discussions regarding high-order hidden Markov models, which allowed me to properly define the right-context HMM. My good friend, Dr. Gert-Jan van Rooyen, who after seven years and many attempted explanations, still do not understand hidden Markov models (even after sharing an office for two year).
Levodopa Fractionation in Parkinson's Disease (2014)

Fractionation of levodopa dosage into >4 daily doses was common. It occurred when wearing-off of the levodopa response is expected to present, i.e. after 5 years in 50% of patients. The study highlights the importance of individualizing and frequently adjusting levodopa dosage, already from the initiation of therapy.