gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A defined system for in vitro packaging of DNA-gp3 of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29. (1986)

The bacteriophage phi 29 DNA-gene product 3 complex (DNA-gp3) has been efficiently packaged into proheads in a completely defined in vitro system. The phi 29 DNA packaging protein gp16, the product of gene 16, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. The purified gp16 packaged 23% of the DNA-gp3 added to purified proheads in the defined mixture, while gp16 in an extract of phage-infected cells packaged 26% of the DNA-gp3. No host proteins were required in the defined system. ATP-dependent packaging of DNA-gp3 in the defined system was optimal with approximately equal to 100 copies of gp16 per DNA-gp3, an amount similar to the production of gp16 per DNA-gp3 in phi 29-infected cells.
EZH2 Regulates the Expression of p16 in the Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cells (2013)

The increasing evidence supported the role of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) in the cancer development and progression. However, its precise role in the tumorigenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) remains to be elucidated. EZH2 was depleted by retroviral infection in the NPC cells (HK-1, CNE-2, CNE-1 and C666-1). The degree of EZH2 knockdown was then assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western Blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using the soluble tetrazolium salt (MTS) cell proliferation assay, and cell cycle was measured by FACS test. The methylation status of p16(INK4a) was determined by bisulphate treatment of the DNA, followed by MSP. EZH2 was over-expressed in NPC cells, and the expression in undifferentiated-derived NPC cells (CNE-1, C666-1) was more significant than differentiated-derived NPC cells (HK-1, CNE-2). EZH2 was successfully depleted after retroviral infection in C666-1 cells, and the EZH2 depletion could inhibit the proliferation and arrested G1/S phase of NPC cells. In addition, both mRNA and protein levels of p16(INK4a) increased significantly in presence of EZH2 depletion. The further Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MSP) assay suggested that over-expressed EZH2 may contribute to the reduction of p16(INK4a) expression by hyper methylating its promoter. EZH2 is overexpressed in NPC and reduces expression of p16(INK4a) by influencing methylation, opening therapeutic options.
Functionally Optimized Ceramic Structures (1998)

The feasibility of using the Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC) process to rapidly fabricate functional quality advanced ceramic components has been demonstrated multiple extrusion heads enable the deposition of spatially engineered ceramic microstructures on the scale of 250 um. This unique capability of FDC allows components to be built with combinations of materials and properties that are difficult or impossible to produce using conventional fabrication processes. Some concepts will be presented, along with examples of multiple material laminates produced using FDC. Strength data will be presented which demonstrates the performance improvement possible using spatially engineered microstructures.
Accelerating Palladium‐Catalyzed CF Bond Formation: Use of a Microflow Packed‐Bed Reactor (2011)

A flow process for Pd-catalyzed CF bond formation is described. A microreactor with a packed-bed design allows for easy handling of large quantities of insoluble CsF with precise control over reaction times, efficient mixing, and the ability to safely handle elevated temperatures and pressures. A variety of aryl triflates, including heteroaryl ones, were converted into aryl fluorides in short reaction times (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Treatment of Oligospermia with the Amino Acid Arginine (1973)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1973Treatment of Oligospermia with the Amino Acid Arginine A. Schachter, J.A. Goldman, and Z. Zukerman A. SchachterA. Schachter More articles by this author , J.A. GoldmanJ.A. Goldman More articles by this author , and Z. ZukermanZ. Zukerman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60199-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 110Issue 3September 1973Page: 311-313 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information A. Schachter More articles by this author J.A. Goldman More articles by this author Z. Zukerman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura associated with Clopidogrel: a case report and review of the literature. (2011)

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a life threatening, multisystem disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neurological changes, renal failure, and fever. These signs and symptoms are thought to be caused by microthrombi, composed of agglutinated platelets and fibrin, which deposit in the arterioles and capillaries without mediation by an inflammatory process. TTP can occur in the first two weeks of initiation of Clopidogrel therapy. Early signs of TTP may be a skin reaction, which may precede the onset of TTP or it may be other type of purpura or neurological changes. We report the clinical and laboratory findings in a 67 years old female patient in whom TTP developed soon after treatment with 40 mg/day oral Clopidogrel after 8 days. She developed thrombocytopenia (platelets count 12000 /mm3). Her clinical signs and symptoms were fever (39.6C), bleeding from the nose and gum, large skin bruises (purpura and ecchymoses), neurological changes including hallucinations, bizarre behavior, altered mental status (fluctuating), headache, and renal dysfunction. Physicians should be aware of the possibility early onset of this syndrome when initiate Clopidogrel treatment.
Zn-Mediated, Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in Water at Room Temperature Without Prior Formation of Organozinc Reagents (2009)

Mix in water, stir. That is all that is required in this new approach to sp(3)-sp(2) cross-couplings between an alkyl iodide and an aryl bromide, both potentially bearing functionality. They react under catalysis by Pd(0) in the presence of zinc powder, aided by a nonionic amphiphile, to give the alkylated aromatic. No organic solvents and no heating; just add water.
ALTERED ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASODILATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIES IN ENDOTOXEMIA (1995)

SHOCK®: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches includes studies of novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunomodulation, gene therapy, nutrition, and others. The mission of the Journal is to foster and promote multidisciplinary studies, both experimental and clinical in nature, that critically examine the etiology, mechanisms and novel therapeutics of shock-related pathophysiological conditions. Its purpose is to excel as a vehicle for timely publication in the areas of basic and clinical studies of shock, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, ischemia, and related pathobiological states, with particular emphasis on the biologic mechanisms that determine the response to such injury. Making such information available will ultimately facilitate improved care of the traumatized or septic individual. SHOCK® is also privileged to have fourteen distinguished Associate Editors, as well as a diverse group of editorial board members from various parts of the world, who enjoy the respect and admiration of their colleagues in their areas of investigation. The Official Journal of the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Indonesian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies, and the Official and International Journal of the Japan Shock Society
Preparation of Sintered Li 5 La 3 Nb 2 O 12 Garnet-type Li Ion Conductor via Spark Plasma Sintering Synthesis (2014)

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) synthesis can sinter ceramics powders quickly at a relatively low temperature. In this study, the SPS synthesis is applied for preparation of sintered Li 5 La 3 Nb 2 O 12 (LLNb) pellet which is a member of fast Li ion conductor with garnet structure. Well-sintered LLNb pellet is obtained by the SPS synthesis at 1000 o C only for 5 min, although the sintered pellet cannot be obtained in conventional sintering process using electric furnace at same temperature for 6 h. The Li ion conductivity of the sintered pellet is 6.0 × 10 -6 S cm -1 , which is same order as that of the conventional method. It is concluded that the SPS synthesis can be applied to prepare the garnet-type Li ion conductor.
Carbon flux through citric acid cycle pathways in perfused heart by 13C NMR spectroscopy (1987)

Mathematical models of the TCA cycle derived previously for 14C tracer studies have been extended to 13C NMR to measure the 13C fractional enrichment of [2-13C]acetyl-CoA entering the cycle and the relative activities of the oxidative versus anaplerotic pathways. The analysis is based upon the steady-state enrichment of 13C into the glutamate carbons. Hearts perfused with [2-13C]acetate show low but significant activity of the anaplerotic pathways. Activation of two different anaplerotic pathways is demonstrated by addition of unlabeled propionate or pyruvate to hearts perfused with [2-13C]acetate. In each case, the amount of [2-13C]acetate being oxidized and the relative carbon flux through anaplerotic versus oxidative pathways are evaluated.
Stabilization of botulinum toxin type A during lyophilization (1992)

Botulinum toxin for medical use is diluted to very low concentrations (nanograms per milliliter); when it is preserved by lyophilization, considerable loss of activity can occur. In the present study, conditions that gave > 90% recovery of the toxicity after lyophilization of solutions containing 20 to 1,000 mouse 50% lethal doses per ml were found. Toxicity was recovered upon drying 0.1 ml of toxin solution when the pH was maintained below 7 and bovine or human serum albumins were used as stabilizers. Various other substances tested with albumin, including glucose, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, glycine, and cellibiose, did not increase recovery on drying.
THE INTERACTION OF SOLUBLE HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE WITH MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES IN VITRO (1972)

The in vitro interaction of soluble horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with homogeneous mono layers of mouse macrophages has been studied using sensitive biochemical and cytochemical techniques. The compartmentalization of HRP in extracellular and intracellular sites has been quantitatively evaluated. A significant fraction is bound to a serum-derived layer, which coats the surface of culture vessels and may be removed by appropriate washes. Macrophages interiorize HRP as a solute in pinocytic vesicles without appreciable binding of the glycoprotein to the plasma membrane. Uptake is directly proportional to the concentration of HRP in the culture medium. 1 x 10(6) cells ingest 0.0025% of the administered load per hr over a wide range of concentrations. Cytochemically, all demonstrable HRP is sequestered within the endocytic vesicles and secondary lysosomes of the vacuolar apparatus. After uptake, the enzymatic activity of HRP is inactivated exponentially with a half-life of 7-9 hr, until enzyme is no longer detectable. When macrophages have pinocytosed trace-labeled HRP-(125)I, cell-associated isotope disappears with a t (1/2) of 20-30 hr and they release monoiodotyrosine-(125)I into the culture medium. We were unable to obtain evidence that significant amounts of HRP (>2%) can be exocytosed after uptake, can exist intact on the cell surface, or can be digested extracellularly. It is difficult to reconcile these observations with several of the postulated mechanisms whereby macrophages are thought to play a prominent role in the induction of an immune response.
Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013)

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is believed to involve alterations in the brain-gut axis; however, the etiological triggers and mechanisms by which these changes lead to symptoms of IBS remain poorly understood. Although IBS is often considered a condition without an identified "organic" etiology, emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota and altered immune function may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. These recent data suggest a plausible model in which changes in the intestinal microbiota and activation of the enteric immune system may impinge upon the brain-gut axis, causing the alterations in gastrointestinal function and the clinical symptoms observed in patients with IBS. This review summarizes the current evidence for altered intestinal microbiota and immune function in IBS. It discusses the potential etiological role of these factors, suggests an updated conceptual model for the pathogenesis of the disorder, and identifies areas for future research.
Comments on the evaluation of a certain pattern classification method as an intellectual information processing (2003)

The authors represent information as patterns and investigate pattern recognition as one of the intellectual information processing methods. The pattern classification method is applied to a simulated problem: the selection of a male image which would be popular with a woman. They comment on advantages and limitations of pattern classification with a linear discrimination function by using a method based on a Bayesian discrimination standard: Uesaka's method (1990).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of a novel serine protease-like molecule in human brain (1998)

Proteolysis of the amyloid beta protein precursor (APP) is a key event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In our search for proteases that can cleave APP and liberate the amino terminus of the amyloidogenic beta protein, we characterized a calcium-dependent serine protease (CASP) which is present in reactive astrocytes and cross-reacts with anti-cathepsin G antibodies. We wanted to take advantage of this cross-reactivity to clone the cDNA of CASP and eventually evaluate its tissue distribution. Screening of two human fetal brain cDNA libraries with anti-cathepsin G antibodies led to the identification of a cDNA coding for a novel protein whose only homology to known proteins is to the active site of trypsin-type serine proteases. We called this protein the novel serine protease (NSP). NSP exists in at least three differentially spliced forms, one of which is expressed predominantly in brain and testis. Immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation with antibodies generated against NSP show that it is expressed and secreted by a variety of cells and that, in brain, it is found primarily in cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells and reactive astrocytes.
An activator of calcium-dependent potassium channels isolated from a medicinal herb (1993)

Large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (maxi-K) channels play an important role in regulating the tone of airway smooth muscle and the release of bronchoconstrictive substances from nerves in the lung. Crude extracts of Desmodium adscendens, a medicinal herb used in Ghana as a treatment for asthma, inhibit binding of monoiodotyrosine charybdotoxin (125I-ChTX) to receptor sites in bovine tracheal smooth muscle membranes that have been shown to be associated with maxi-K channels. Using this assay, three active components have been purified and identified by NMR and MS. Comparison with authentic samples revealed the three active components as the known triterpenoid glycosides dehydrosoyasaponin I (DHS-I), soyasaponin I, and soyasaponin III. The most potent of these compounds, DHS-I, is a partial inhibitor of 125I-ChTX binding (Ki = 120 nM, 62% maximum inhibition). Inhibition of 125I-ChTX binding is primarily due to a decrease in the observed maximum number of binding sites, with a smaller decrease in affinity. DHS-I increases the rate of toxin dissociation from its receptor, suggesting that modulation of ChTX binding occurs through an allosteric mechanism. DHS-I reversibly increases the open probability of maxi-K channels from bovine tracheal smooth muscle incorporated into planar lipid bilayers when applied to the intracellular, but not the extracellular, side of the membrane at concentrations as low as 10 nM. In contrast, DHS-I had no effect on several other types of potassium channels or membrane transporters. This natural product is the first example of a high-affinity activator of calcium-dependent potassium channels and is the most potent known potassium channel opener.
The Gut Hormone Peptide YY Regulates Appetite (2003)

The gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) belongs to the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family along with PP and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These peptides mediate their effects through the NPY receptors of which there are several subtypes (Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5). The L cells of the gastrointestinal tract are the major source of PYY, which exists in two endogenous forms: PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36). The latter is produced by the action of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). PYY(1-36) binds to and activates at least three Y receptor subtypes (Y1, Y2, and Y5), whereas PYY(3-36) is more selective for Y2 receptor (Y2R). The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key brain area regulating appetite, has access to nutrients and hormones within the peripheral circulation. NPY neurons within the arcuate nucleus express the Y2R. In response to food ingestion plasma PYY(3-36) concentrations rise within 15 min and plateau by approximately 90 min. The peak PYY(3-36) level achieved is proportional to the calories ingested, suggesting that PYY(3-36) may signal food ingestion from the gut to appetite-regulating circuits within the brain. We found that peripheral administration of PYY(3-36) inhibited food intake in rodents and increased C-Fos immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus. Moreover, direct intra-arcuate administration of PYY(3-36) inhibited food intake. We have shown that Y2R null mice are resistant to the anorectic effects of peripherally administered PYY(3-36), suggesting that PYY(3-36) inhibits food intake through the Y2R. In humans, peripheral infusion of PYY(3-36), at a dose which produced normal postprandial concentrations, significantly decreased appetite and reduced food intake by 33% over 24 h. These findings suggest that PYY(3-36) released in response to a meal acts via the Y2R in the arcuate nucleus to physiologically regulate food intake.
ATP-Dependent Human Erythrocyte Glutathione-Conjugate Transporter. I. Purification, Photoaffinity Labeling, and Kinetic Characteristics of ATPase Activity† (1998)

Dinitrophenyl S-glutathione (DNP-SG) ATPase is a 38 kDa membrane protein expressed in erythrocytes and other tissues. Although stimulation of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by DNP-SG ATPase has been demonstrated in the presence of several structurally unrelated amphiphilic ions, structural and functional properties of this protein have not been well-defined. In the present study, we have developed an improved protocol for the purification of DNP-SG ATPase and investigated its kinetic and substrate-binding properties. The purification procedure was based on highly specific elution of the 38 kDa protein from DNP-SG affinity resin in the presence of ATP. The protein could not be eluted using either ADP or adenosine-5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate (methylene-ATP), a nonhydrolyzable analogue of ATP. Doxorubicin (DOX), a weakly basic anthracycline chemotherapy agent, was found to be the preferred activator for stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by the enzyme. ATP binding to the enzyme was demonstrated using 8-azido-ATP photoaffinity labeling and binding of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-ATP, a fluorescent analogue of ATP. The photoaffinity labeling of DNP-SG ATPase (38 kDa) was saturable with respect to 8-azido ATP (Kd = 2 microM), indicating that the enzyme was capable of specific and saturable binding to ATP. DNP-SG binding was evident from the purification procedure itself and was also demonstrable by quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. Results of quenching of tryptophan fluorescence as well as radioactive isotope-binding studies indicated that DOX was bound to the purified protein as well.
Transcriptional Analysis of p30 Major Outer Membrane Protein Genes of Ehrlichia canis in Naturally Infected Ticks and Sequence Analysis of p30-10 of E. canis from Diverse Geographic Regions (2003)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks transmit Ehrlichia canis, the etiologic agent of canine ehrlichiosis. In experimentally infected ticks, only p30-10 transcript was detected among 22 p30 paralogs encoding immunodominant major outer membrane P30 proteins of E. canis. The present study revealed transcription of p30-10 by E. canis in naturally infected ticks and sequence conservation of p30-10 genes for E. canis from diverse geographic regions.
Renal Allografts with IF/TA Display Distinct Expression Profiles of Metzincins and Related Genes (2009)

Chronic renal allograft injury is often reflected by interstitial fibrosis (IF) and tubular atrophy (TA) without evidence of specific etiology. In most instances, IF/TA remains an irreversible disorder, representing a major cause of long-term allograft loss. As members of the protease family metzincins and functionally related genes are involved in fibrotic and sclerotic processes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), we hypothesized their deregulation in IF/TA. Gene expression and protein level analyses using allograft biopsies with and without Banff'05 classified IF/TA illustrated their deregulation. Expression profiles of these genes differentiated IF/TA from Banff'05 classified Normal biopsies in three independent microarray studies and demonstrated histological progression of IF/TA I to III. Significant upregulation of matrix metalloprotease-7 (MMP-7) and thrombospondin-2 (THBS-2) in IF/TA biopsies and sera was revealed in two independent patient sets. Furthermore, elevated THBS-2, osteopontin (SPP1) and beta-catenin may play regulatory roles on MMP. Our findings further suggest that deregulated ECM remodeling and possibly epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are implicated in IF/TA of kidney transplants, and that metzincins and related genes play an important role in these processes. Profiling of these genes may be used to complement IF/TA diagnosis and to disclose IF/TA progression in kidney transplant recipients.