gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blue organic electrophosphorescence using exothermic host–guest energy transfer (2003)

We demonstrate efficient blue electrophosphorescence using exothermic energy transfer from a host consisting of N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (mCP) to the phosphorescent iridium complex iridium(III)bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′]picolinate (FIrpic). By examining the temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime and the photoluminescence of a film of mCP doped with FIrpic, we confirm the existence of exothermic energy transfer in contrast to the endothermic transfer characteristic of the N,N′-dicarbazolyl-4-4′-biphenyl and FIrpic system. In employing exothermic energy transfer between mCP and FIrpic, a maximum external electroluminescent quantum efficiency of (7.5±0.8)% and a luminous power efficiency of (8.9±0.9)lm/W are obtained, representing a significant increase in performance over previous endothermic blue electrophosphorescent devices.
Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor (PEDF) Protects Motor Neurons from Chronic Glutamate-mediated Neurodegeneration (1999)

Although pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a neurotrophic factor that may aid the development, differentiation, and survival of adjacent neural retinae, the wider distribution of PEDF mRNA in the central nervous system suggested to us that this factor could have pleiotropic neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on nonretinal neurons. We examined the distribution of PEDF mRNA and its transcript in the spinal cord. By immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis using an antihuman PEDF antiserum of known specificity, we found that PEDF protein is present in spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and skeletal muscle and that its mRNA appears concentrated in motor neurons of the human spinal cord. These observations indicate that PEDF could have potential autocrine and paracrine effects on motor neurons, as well as being target-derived. We analyzed the pharmacologic utility of PEDF in a postnatal organotypic culture model of motor neuron degeneration and proved it is highly neuroprotective. The effect was biologically important, significantly sparing the spinal cord's gross organotypic morphological appearance and preserving motor neuron choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). PEDF alone did not increase ChAT, indicating that the observed effect is neuroprotective, not merely an upregulation of motor neuron ChAT. Further, PEDF preserved motor neuron number, proving a survival effect. We hypothesize that PEDF may play important roles in the survival and maintenance of spinal motor neurons in their neuroprotection against acquired insults in postnatal life. It should be developed further as a therapeutic strategy for motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Monoclonal Antibody against Phosphatidylserine Inhibits in Vitro Human Trophoblastic Hormone Production and Invasion1 (1997)

Naturally occurring antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies against cardiolipin (CL)- and phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent antigens are associated with placental dysfunction and unsuccessful pregnancy. Murine monoclonal aPL antibodies react with placental trophoblast and may interfere with normal trophoblastic function. In this study, we evaluated the expression of phospholipid-dependent antigens during trophoblast differentiation and measured the effects of monoclonal aPL antibodies on two in vitro aspects of trophoblast differentiation: hormone production and invasion into filters coated with extracellular matrix. Murine monoclonal IgM aPL antibodies that differentiated between PS and CL were used: 3SB9b reacted only with PS (CL-/PS+), D11A4 reacted only with CL (CL+/PS-), and BA3B5C4 reacted with both CL and PS (CL+/PS+). Isolated trophoblasts were cultured for 4 days, and reactivity with monoclonal aPL antibodies was evaluated daily. BA3B5C4 (CL+/PS+) reacted strongly with most trophoblasts that were freshly isolated (Day 0) and through 2 days of culture, after which time the percentage of cells reactive with BA3B5C4 decreased steadily. 3SB9b (CL-/PS+) reactivity increased during incubation; about 8% of cells reacted initially, but after 1 day of incubation 100% reacted, and this percentage remained stable throughout the 4-day incubation. D11A4 (CL+/PS-) reacted only minimally and at the level of the negative control monoclonal antibody (mAb) with 1- and 2-day cultures. Both mAbs that reacted with PS-dependent antigens completely prevented invasion of matrigel-coated filters by isolated trophoblasts. These mAbs also inhibited trophoblastic hCG and human PL production by more than 45%. Thus, as trophoblasts undergo differentiation, they are reactive with mAbs against PS. These antibodies are inhibitory in vitro to trophoblastic hormone production and invasion.
Hydrogermylation of Alkenes and Alkynes on Hydride-Terminated Ge(100) Surfaces (2000)

Covalently bonded organic monolayers on semiconductor surfaces are potentially important for the fabrication of novel electronic devices and sensors. In contrast to the recent interest in and development of methods for monolayer formation on silicon surfaces, only one wet chemical route has been previously published for germanium surfaces. We present novel strategies to prepare organic monolayers on hydride-terminated Ge(100) surfaces utilizing the available Ge−H bonds as chemical handles. The new hydride-terminated Ge(100) surface was prepared by utilizing an efficient preparation method involving soaking in an aqueous 10% HF solution. Lewis acid mediated hydrogermylation of alkynes and alkenes on the hydride-terminated Ge(100) surfaces results in alkenyl and alkyl surfaces, respectively, bound through Ge−C bonds. Thermal treatment of hydride-terminated Ge surface with neat alkenes and alkynes, or solutions in mesitylene, also results in similar organic monolayers. Finally, these two approaches were contrasted with UV photoinduced hydrogermylation of alkenes. The resulting organic monolayers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), stability studies, and contact angle measurements.
TofCut: Towards Robust Real-time Foreground Extraction using Time-of-flight Camera (2010)

Foreground extraction for live video sequence is a challenging task in vision. Traditional methods often make various assumptions to simplify the problem, which make them less robust in real-world applications. Recently, Time-of-Flight (TOF) cameras provide a convenient way to sense the scene depth at video frame-rate. Compared to the appearance or motion cues, depth information is less sensitive to environment changes. Motivated by the fact that TOF cameras have not been widely used in video segmentation application, we in this paper investigate the problem of performing robust, real-time bi-layer segmentation using a TOF camera and propose an effective algorithm named TofCut. TofCut combines color and depth cues in a unified probabilistic fusion framework and a novel adaptive weighting scheme is employed to control the influence of these two cues intelligently. By comparing our segmentation results with ground truth data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of TofCut on an extensive set of experimental results. 1.
Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage (2014)

Electrochemical energy storage technology is based on devices capable of exhibiting high energy density (batteries) or high power density (electrochemical capacitors). There is a growing need, for current and near-future applications, where both high energy and high power densities are required in the same material. Pseudocapacitance, a faradaic process involving surface or near surface redox reactions, offers a means of achieving high energy density at high charge–discharge rates. Here, we focus on the pseudocapacitive properties of transition metal oxides. First, we introduce pseudocapacitance and describe its electrochemical features. Then, we review the most relevant pseudocapacitive materials in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. The major challenges for pseudocapacitive materials along with a future outlook are detailed at the end.
Kinetics of the Different Susceptibilities of the Four Human Immunoglobulin G Subclasses to Proteolysis by Human Lysosomal Elastase (1980)

Human lysosomal elastase cleaves human monoclonal IgG into components that closely resemble the fragments produced by papain digestion. IgG1 produced Fab, Fc and Fab-Fc fragments; cleavage of IgG2 produced F(ab)2, Fab-Fc, Fab and Fc fragments; IgG3 gave rise to almost pure Fab and Fch (Fc covalently joined to the extended hinge region polypeptide of IgG3), and from IgG4, F(ab)2, Fab and Fc fragments were recovered. The relative susceptibilities of the four human IgG subclasses to proteolytic attack by elastase were studied kinetically and showed the following decreasing order of susceptibility: IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4. The Fab fragment from papain digestion of IgG1 and the corresponding fragment from elastase digestion showed indistinguishable molecular weights and immunochemical identity.
Clinical pharmacology and rationale of analgesic combinations. (2003)

In summary, combination analgesics can play a valuable role in pain management. However, dubious combinations (directed against the same targets or with unwanted interactions) and 'old fashioned' fixed-dose multiple analgesic agent combinations should be avoided. Fixed-dose combination analgesics are of value only when they have been developed according to rational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic criteria, and when claims for their benefits have been supported by evidence-based data and well-designed clinical studies.
MACBETH: The avatar which I see before me and its movement toward my hand (2007)

When a virtual environment system prevents a user's avatar hand from penetrating virtual objects, the seen and felt positions of the hand separate. We propose a new method for reducing this position discrepancy as quickly as possible without introducing perceptible discrepancy between the seen and felt motion of the user's hand. We performed a user study to compare this new method to two previous methods of dealing with position discrepancy. Our method showed statistically significant improvements in user-reported naturalness and user preference and showed no loss in user performance
High-Q optical whispering gallery modes in elliptical LiNbO_3 resonant cavities (2007)

We have experimentally demonstrated the existence of optical whispering-gallery-modes (WGMs) with quality factors in excess of 10(8) in elliptical cavities fabricated with LiNbO(3). The efficiency of evanescent coupling to the modes through a diamond prism was as high as 97.3%. This is the best value ever achieved for evanescent coupling to a WGM resonator using a prism. The free spectral ranges of the WGMs are successfully modeled using an eikonal approximation.
Control of hypertension by ethanol renal ablation. (1983)

Five patients underwent therapeutic renal ablation with intraarterial injection of ethanol as treatment for uncontrollable systemic hypertension. All patients either showed complete resolution of the hypertension or improved medical manageability of the hypertension became possible. Ethanol appears to cause permanent renal ablation by cell death while decreasing the risks associated with other embolization techniques.
Use of Templates to Fabricate Nanoscale Spherical Structures for Defined Architectural Control (2010)

Architectural design of biomaterial structures is essential to reach the full potential of the materials' chemical and biological properties. Clinically, these properties depend on the targeted applications of delivery, such as tissue regeneration, imaging, or cancer. To get an efficient material for biological applications, key properties are needed, such as degradability, low toxicity, cell specificity, relative efficiency, and capability of delivering multiple molecules. In recent years, significant progress has been made through either the design of the material itself (synthetic or natural polymers, dendrimers, crosslinking) or the fabrication technique (nozzle reactor, emulsion, and template). The combination of these materials and techniques results in a large variety of biomaterials that have varied shape and physico-chemical and biological properties. Nevertheless, these inherent properties are not sufficient and interest in discovering and developing new techniques that present these biomaterials in different light is now under focus. A useful strategy to prepare biomaterials with unique and novel architectures is through the use of templates that have defined geometrical features. This holds great promise, especially for the development of hollow structures, such as spheres. The nanoscale structural design of biomaterials via the use of templates and their potential clinical applications are discussed. In addition, the conceptual hurdles that must be overcome to produce applications that are clinically relevant are examined.
Review Arthritis and pain: Neurogenic origin of joint pain (2006)

Arthritis pain affects millions of people worldwide yet we still have only a limited understanding of what makes our joints ache. This review examines the sensory innervation of diarthroidal joints and discusses the neurophysiological processes that lead to the generation of painful sensation. During inflammation, joint nerves become sensitized to mechanical stimuli through the actions of neuropeptides, eicosanoids, proteinase-activated receptors and ion channel ligands. The contribution of immunocytes to arthritis pain is also reviewed. Finally, the existence of an endogenous analgesic system in joints is considered and the reasons for its inability to control pain are postulated.
Phosphatidylhydroxyalkanols as Versatile Intermediates in the Synthesis of Headgroup Modified Diacetylenic Phospholipids (1992)

Abstract Phospholipase D extract (from savoy cabbage) mediates exchange of omega hydroxyalkanols (n= 2−4) with the choline moiety of phosphatidylcholines to produce corresponding phosphatidylhydroxyalkanols in > 70% yield. The phosphatidyl hydroxyalkanol and its chloro analogue were further reacted with molecules containing carboxylic and amine functionality respectively, providing an easy and efficient method to produce headgroup modified phospholipids.
Tumor-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III monoclonal antibodies: use of the tyramine-cellobiose radioiodination method enhances cellular retention and uptake in tumor xenografts. (1995)

Amplification and rearrangement of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are characteristics of many types of tumors. One class of EGFR mutations, EGFRvIII, is characterized by an in-frame deletion resulting in a truncated external domain of the receptor. EGFRvIII was first identified in a subset of gliomas and has since been found in some non-small cell lung carcinomas and breast carcinomas. mAbs specific for this variant form of EGFR but unreactive with the wild-type EGFR have been reported from our laboratory. This study further characterizes three of these antibodies. We determined, via radiolabeling techniques and immunofluorescence microscopy, that, after cell binding in vitro, the anti-EGFRvIII-specific mAbs internalize at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, subsequent to internalization, the antibodies were processed intracellularly, presumably by lysosomal degradation. We also examined the use of an alternative radiolabeling procedure that uses nonmetabolizable radio-iodinated tyramine cellobiose. Our results show that the tyramine cellobiose labeling method allows for greater tumor cell retention of radiolabel in vitro (76% for tyramine cellobiose and 27% for Iodo-Gen after 24 h). Paired-label biodistribution studies in athymic mice indicate that anti-EGFRvIII mAb L8A4 localizes specifically to EGFRvIII-expressing tumor xenografts with a maximum of 34.3 +/- 7.6% injected dose/g when labeled using tyramine cellobiose compared with a maximum of 14.9 +/- 4.3% injected dose/g using Iodo-Gen; similar results were obtained with mAb H10. These results suggest that the anti-EGFRvIII mAbs may serve as potential carriers for radioconjugate- and immunotoxin-based therapies for tumors expressing EGFRvIII.
Lessons Learned from Conducting Volunteer-Based Urban Forest Inventories on the Gulf Coast (2016)

Volunteer-based urban forest inventories are a common activity among Extension professionals; however, project facilitators often end up duplicating mistakes experienced previously by others. This article shares lessons learned from conducting several volunteer-based urban forest inventories. The lessons revolve around the themes of volunteer recruitment, communication with the public, private property access, project scope and time line, volunteer management, and efforts to increase efficiency. Through awareness of these lessons, Extension professionals can implement and adapt our successful strategies yet not repeat our mistakes. In turn, readers will increase the likelihood of successfully developing baseline measures while engaging the public in urban forest management.
Human apurinic endonuclease gene (APE): structure and genomic mapping (chromosome 1 4q11.2 - 12) (1992)

Abasic (AP) sites in DNA are produced spontaneously and by many genotoxic agents. The repair of such damages is initiated by AP endonucleases, which are evidently ubiquitous. We employed the recently cloned cDNA, APE, that encodes the major human AP endonuclease, to isolate large genomic fragments that contain the intact APE gene. The sequence of 3 kb encompassing APE was determined (GenBank Accession No. M99703). The APE gene contains four small introns (ranging 130 to 566 bp) and five exons, the first of which is untranslated. The 0.5 kb of DNA sequence upstream of APE did revealed only a possible CCAAT box, but no other regulatory sites or a TATA box, consistent with the constitutive expression of AP endonuclease activity observed in other studies. The location of APE in the human genome was mapped to chromosome 14, bands q11.2-12, by fluorescence in situ hybridization of metaphase cells with DNA from the genomic clones and subclones. Although this locus has not been associated causally with genetic diseases of DNA repair, some translocations that affect 14q11.2-12 could compromise APE and lead to genetic instability.
Distribution and Morphology of Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Sperm in the Reproductive Tract of Gilts after Artificial Insemination (1978)

Sixty-eight gilts were inseminated intracervically with equal numbers of fresh or frozen boar sperm. In Exp. 1, sperm were recovered from various segments of the reproductive tract at 2, 8 and 24 h after insemination. More sperm were recovered from the uterotubal junction and uterus of gilts inseminated with fresh semen than of gilts inseminated with frozen semen (P< 0.005). In the oviducts, no differences were found at 2 or 8 h in the numbers of sperm in gilts receiving fresh or frozen semen, however, at 24 h, markedly fewer oviductal sperm were recovered from gilts inseminated with frozen semen.
Regulation and heteromeric structure of the fibroblast activation protein in normal and transformed cells of mesenchymal and neuroectodermal origin. (1993)

The human fibroblast activation protein (FAP), defined by monoclonal antibody F19, is expressed in vivo in reactive stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, subsets of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, and granulation tissue of healing wounds. FAP is generally absent from the stroma of benign epithelial tumors and normal adult tissues. In vitro FAP induction is observed in proliferating cultured fibroblasts and in melanocytes grown with fibroblast growth factor and phorbol ester. In the present study, we show that fibroblast and melanocyte FAP is a cell surface protein comprising noncovalently linked M(r) 95,000 (p95) and M(r) 105,000 (p105) subunits. In contrast, cultured sarcoma and melanoma cell lines express only p95 or are FAP negative. Immunoblot experiments show that p95, but not p105, carries the epitope defined by monoclonal antibody F19. Furthermore, peptide maps of purified p95 and p105 differ, suggesting that they may be distinct gene products. Loss of FAP or a change from p95/p105 to p95 expression accompanies the acquisition of growth factor independence and tumorigenicity in several in vitro test systems, including simian virus 40 transformation of normal fibroblasts, Ha-ras transformation of normal melanocytes, supertransformation of osteosarcoma cells, and enhanced N-MYC expression in variant neuroblastoma cells, whereas serum-starved normal fibroblasts continue to express p95/p105. Thus, fAP expression appears to be linked to the growth factor-dependent proliferative capacity of normal cells and is not merely a secondary event in proliferating cells; furthermore, FAP expression is inversely correlated with growth factor independence and tumorigenicity in transformed cell lines. This distribution pattern is consistent with a role for p95/p105 in mediating extrinsic, growth regulatory signals in normal cells, possibly as a heteromeric cell surface receptor. Such a physiological function may be obviated when oncogenes with cytoplasmic or nuclear sites of action are activated, reducing extrinsic growth factor dependence and permitting down-regulation of FAP in certain transformed cells.
Role of carbohydrate of human chorionic gonadotropin in the mechanism of hormone action (1975)

The role of the carbohydrate part of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was investigated by measuring the ability of hCG derivatives lacking various sugar residues to bind to rat Leydig cells and stimulate them to synthesize testosterone and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Whereas sequential removal of the sialic acid, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and mannose residues led to a progressive increase in the effective dose of the hormone required to stimulate steroidogenesis, it resulted in a marked loss in the ability of the hormone to stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation. Low doses of the glycosidase-treated hormone derivatives were additive with hCG when their ability to stimulate testosterone synthesis was analyzed. Nevertheless, the glycosidase-treated derivatives were potent inhibitors of hCG-induced cyclic AMP accumulation, suggesting that removal of the sugars did not influence binding of the hormone to the cell as much as it reduced the ability of the bound hormone to activate adenyl cyclase. This hypothesis was further supported by our finding that the hCG derivatives were highly effective inhibitors of 125I-hGC binding to the intact cells. Removal of sialic acid and galactose enhanced the inhibition, whereas removal of all the sugar residues only decreased the inhibition slightly. The degree of these effects was comparatively small. The possibility that steroidogenesis and cyclic AMP accumulation are altered independently by hCG stimulation is discussed.
Micromachined inertial sensors (1998)

This paper presents a review of silicon micromachined accelerometers and gyroscopes. Following a brief introduction to their operating principles and specifications, various device structures, fabrication, technologies, device designs, packaging, and interface electronics issues, along with the present status in the commercialization of micromachined inertial sensors, are discussed. Inertial sensors have seen a steady improvement in their performance, and today, microaccelerometers can resolve accelerations in the micro-g range, while the performance of gyroscopes has improved by a factor of 10/spl times/ every two years during the past eight years. This impressive drive to higher performance, lower cost, greater functionality, higher levels of integration, and higher volume will continue as new fabrication, circuit, and packaging techniques are developed to meet the ever increasing demand for inertial sensors.