gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Combination therapy of CPT-11, a camptothecin derivative, with various antitumor drugs against L 1210 leukemia]. (1991)

Antitumor effect of CPT-11 in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY), nimustin hydrochloride (AC-NU), thio-TEPA (TESPA), methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), thioinosine (6-MPR), adriamycin (ADM), bleomycin (BLM), mitomycin C (MMC), actinomycin D (ACT-D), vincristine sulfate (VCR), etoposide (VP-16) or cisplatin (CDDP) against L 1210 murine leukemia was investigated. The combination treatment of CPT-11 with CY, ACNU, ADM, CDDP, TESPA and ACT-D showed synergistic effects and significantly prolonged the survival time of L 1210-inoculated mice compared with CPT-11 alone or antitumor drug alone. Although the combination with 5-FU, 6-MPR, VP-16, MMC or VCR had synergistic effect for some schedules exceptionally with ara-C, MTX or BLM had slight synergistic effect against L 1210.
Validity and Reliability of the Alzheimerʼs Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (1997)

This article reports the development and psychometric properties of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS-CGIC). At present, a number of unvalidated CGIC scales are used in clinical trials, with various methods for making ratings. The ADCS-CGIC was designed on the basis of a survey of ADCS clinicians and by adapting existing instruments. It includes an organized but unstructured format, with which a clinician can address clinically relevant change. The instrument's reliability and validity were assessed in a prospective trial of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy subjects over a 12-month period. It showed good short-term reliability at 1 and 2 months, with 90 and 94% of AD subjects, respectively, rated as having changed not at all or only minimally. The ADCS-CGIC's face validity was demonstrated by untreated. AD subjects rated as having worsened over time at both 6 months (56% rated as having worsened) and 12 months (81% rated as having worsened), whereas only 2% of control subjects showed minimal worsening. As a measure of predictive validity, ADCS-CGIC ratings at 12 months were significantly associated with change on four severity scales. As with other measures, change ratings were sensitive to dementia severity. Moderately impaired subjects showed greater worsening than other subjects. ADCS-CGIC ratings of greater worsening were made after the informant interview, regardless of whether informants or subjects were interviewed first. The ADCS-CGIC is a valid and reliable instrument for use in clinical trials.
Fps1p controls the accumulation and release of the compatible solute glycerol in yeast osmoregulation (1999)

The accumulation of compatible solutes, such as glycerol, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a ubiquitous mechanism in cellular osmoregulation. Here, we demonstrate that yeast cells control glycerol accumulation in part via a regulated, Fps1p-mediated export of glycerol. Fps1p is a member of the MIP family of channel proteins most closely related to the bacterial glycerol facilitators. The protein is localized in the plasma membrane. The physiological role of Fps1p appears to be glycerol export rather than uptake. Fps1 delta mutants are sensitive to hypo-osmotic shock, demonstrating that osmolyte export is required for recovery from a sudden drop in external osmolarity. In wild-type cells, the glycerol transport rate is decreased by hyperosmotic shock and increased by hypo-osmotic shock on a subminute time scale. This regulation seems to be independent of the known yeast osmosensing HOG and PKC signalling pathways. Mutants lacking the unique hydrophilic N-terminal domain of Fps1p, or certain parts thereof, fail to reduce the glycerol transport rate after a hyperosmotic shock. Yeast cells carrying these constructs constitutively release glycerol and show a dominant hyperosmosensitivity, but compensate for glycerol loss after prolonged incubation by glycerol overproduction. Fps1p may be an example of a more widespread class of regulators of osmoadaptation, which control the cellular content and release of compatible solutes.
Gene Dose of Apolipoprotein E Type 4 Allele and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Late Onset Families (1993)

The apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE-epsilon 4) is genetically associated with the common late onset familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Risk for AD increased from 20% to 90% and mean age at onset decreased from 84 to 68 years with increasing number of APOE-epsilon 4 alleles in 42 families with late onset AD. Thus APOE-epsilon 4 gene dose is a major risk factor for late onset AD and, in these families, homozygosity for APOE-epsilon 4 was virtually sufficient to cause AD by age 80.
Fast inter prediction block mode decision approach for H.264/AVC based on all-zero blocks detection (2013)

H.264/AVC video coding standard employs multiple coding-modes and significantly improves coding efficiency. As a result, the complexity and computation load of video coding increase drastically, which make it very difficult for real-time applications. To reduce the computation burden, a fast inter prediction block mode decision approach for H.264/AVC based on all-zero blocks detection is proposed. Many coding modes can be skipped through checking the best matching block of the current block by using adaptive threshold before transform and quantization in the mode decision process. Experimental results show that the coding speeds up greatly with the proposed algorithm without considerable performance degradation and bit-rate increase compared with full-mode decision algorithm and reference [2] algorithm.
A new syndrome involving cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, typical facies, and learning disabilities: velo-cardio-facial syndrome. (1978)

This report describes a pattern of similarities among 12 patients which are felt to represent a newly recognized congenital malformation syndrome. The symptoms shown most consistently by the 12 patients were overt or submuscous clefts of the secondary palate, ventricular septal defects, typical facies, and learning disabilities. Other symptoms were noted with varying frequency. The occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency in all twelve patients reflected poor motion in the lateral pharyngeal walls, thus necessitating specific forms of treatment. Treatment was often dependent on the extent of cardiac lesions.
Coupling mechanism in multimode fibers (2013)

The steady increase of bandwidth demand in worldwide communications has revived the interest about multimode optical bers and their use in spatial division multiplexed systems. Roughly speaking, in these systems transmission capacity is increased by using modes as separate channels, resorting to either special ber with negligible mode coupling, or to MIMO technology to compensate mode dispersion. In this framework, understanding the mechanisms that originate mode coupling is of crucial importance, for it would lead to the development of more accurate propagation models and optimized ber designs. The paper analyzes the most common sources of mode coupling and their e ects.
Development of Zigbee Based Energy Management System (2013)

The ZigBee pro was developed to provide low-power, wireless connectivity for a Wide range of network applications concerned with monitoring and control. ZigBee is a worldwide open standard controlled by the ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee PRO is an Enhancement of the original ZigBee protocol, providing a number of extra features that are particularly useful for very large networks (that may include hundreds or even thousands of nodes). The ZigBee standard builds on the established IEEE 802.15.4 standard for packet based wireless transport. ZigBee enhances the functionality of IEEE 802.15.4 by providing flexible, extendable network topologies with integrated set-up and routing intelligence to facilitate easy installation and high resilience to failure [1]. ZigBee networks also incorporate listen-before-talk and rigorous security measures that enable them to co-exist with other wireless technologies (such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi) in the same operating environment. ZigBee's wireless connectivity means that it can be installed easily and cheaply, and its built-in intelligence and flexibility allow networks to be easily adapted to changing needs by adding, removing or moving network nodes. The protocol is designed such that nodes can appear in and disappear from the network, allowing some devices to be put into a power-saving mode when not active. This means that many devices in a ZigBee network can be battery-powered, making them self-contained and, again, reducing installation costs.
A New Reagent for Stable Thiol-Specific Conjugation (2013)

Many clinically used protein therapeutics are modified to increase their efficacy. Example modifications include the conjugation of cytotoxic drugs to monoclonal antibodies or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to proteins and peptides. Monothiol-specific conjugation can be efficient and is often accomplished using maleimide-based reagents. However, maleimide derived conjugates are known to be susceptible to exchange reactions with endogenous proteins. To address this limitation in stability, we have developed PEG-mono-sulfone 3, which is a latently reactive, monothiol selective conjugation reagent. Comparative reactions with PEG-maleimide and other common thiol-selective PEGylation reagents including vinyl sulfone, acrylate, and halo-acetamides show that PEG-mono-sulfone 3 undergoes more efficient conjugation under mild reaction conditions. Due to the latent reactivity of PEG-mono-sulfone 3, its reactivity can be tailored and, once conjugated, the electron-withdrawing ketone is easily reduced under mild conditions to prevent undesirable deconjugation and exchange reactions from occurring. We describe a comparative stability study demonstrating a PEG-maleimide conjugate to be more labile to deconjugation than the corresponding conjugate obtained using PEG-mono-sulfone 3.
Biochemical markers in acute ischemic stroke. (2000)

The diagnosis of ischemic stroke remains a clinical one, with confirmatory evidence obtained through neuroimaging. Early ischemic changes may be subtle or absent on CT scans. Analogous to the role that the creatine kinase (CK) MB fraction or troponin testing plays in the management of acute coronary
Purification and Characterization of Two Classes of Neurotoxins from the Funnel Web Spider, Agelenopsis aperta (1989)

Two classes of paralytic toxins were isolated from the venom of Agelenopsis aperta and their chemical and larvicidal properties characterized. Five acylpolyamine toxins (alpha-agatoxins) of molecular masses 452, 488, 489, 504, and 505 Da produce immediate but reversible paralysis in Manduca sexta following injection. Six insecticidal peptides (mu-agatoxins) produce a gradual but irreversible paralysis. The complete amino acid sequences (36-38 residues) of the mu-agatoxins are presented. These peptides contain eight half-cystines and are quite similar in sequence. At least four of these toxins are amidated at the carboxyl terminus. The secondary structure of one of these toxins (mu-Aga V) was investigated.
Role engineering using graph optimisation (2007)

Role engineering is one of the fundamental phases for migrating existing enterprises to Role Based Access Control. In organisations with a large number of users and permissions, this task can be time consuming and costly if a top down approach is used. Existing bottom up approaches are not sufficient in producing a comprehensive set of roles for hierarchical Role Based Access Control. In this research, we propose a predominately bottom up approach that uses Graph Optimisation to identify appropriate role hierarchies. Additional partial role specifications can be incorporated to produce a hybrid approach. Using rules that reduce administration requirements, roles and their hierarchies are automatically extracted from large numbers of permission assignments. The results of the Graph Optimisation approach are hierarchical Role Based Access Control infrastructures that offer improved access control administration for the system.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on fatty acid desaturation inMortierella alpina 1S‐4 and rat liver microsomes (1992)

An extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longta L. (turmeric) inhibited the desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) in the arachidonic acid (AA) producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. The factor responsible for this phenomenon was isolated and identified as curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Mycelial DGLA levels increased about two-fold (22.3 mg/g dry weight) with a concomitant decrease in AA levels when the fungus was cultivated with curcumin. The 50% inhibitory concentration against delta 5 desaturase was 27.2 microM. Curcumin also inhibited rat liver microsomal delta 5 and delta 6 desaturases.
Biochemical and Structural Analysis of Common Cancer-Associated KRAS Mutations (2015)

Biochemical profiling and subclassification of KRAS-driven cancers will enable the rational selection of therapies targeting specific KRAS isoforms or specific RAS effectors.
Perdeuterated pyridinium molten salt (ionic liquid) for direct dissolution and NMR analysis of plant cell walls (2009)

A bi-solvent system consisting of perdeuterated pyridinium molten salt and DMSO-d6 (dimethyl sulfoxide-d6) has been developed for direct dissolution and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of plant cell walls, which will shed a new light on efficient detailed structure of the plant cell walls and benefit lignin engineering for biofuel and biomaterial research.
Radiative Cooling: Lattice Quantization and Surface Emissivity in Thin Coatings (2009)

Nanodiamond powder (NDP), multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), and carbon black (CB) were dispersed in an acrylate (AC) emulsion to form composite materials. These materials were coated on aluminum panels (alloy 3003) to give thin coatings. The active phonons of the nanomaterials were designed to act as a cooling fan, termed "molecular fan (MF)". The order of lattice quantization, as investigated by Raman spectroscopy, is MWCNT > CB >> NDP. The enhanced surface emissivity of the MF coating (as observed by IR imaging) is well-correlated to lattice quantization, resulting in a better cooling performance by the MWCNT-AC composite. MF coatings with different concentrations (0%, 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1%) of MWCNT were prepared. The equilibrium temperature lowering of the coated panel was observed with an increase in the loading of CNTs and was measured as 17 degrees C for 1% loading of MWCNT. This was attributed to an increased density of active phonons in the MF coating.
Modeling Non-Standard Text Classification Tasks (2013)

Text classification deals with discovering knowledge in texts and is used for extracting, filtering, or retrieving information in streams and collections. The discovery of knowledge is operationalized by modeling text classification tasks, which is mainly a human-driven engineering process. The outcome of this process, a text classification model, is used to inductively learn a text classification solution from a priori classified examples. The building blocks of modeling text classification tasks cover four aspects: (1) the way examples are represented, (2) the way examples are selected, (3) the way classifiers learn from examples, and (4) the way models are selected. This thesis proposes methods that improve the prediction quality of text classification solutions for unseen examples, especially for non-standard tasks where standard models do not fit. The original contributions are related to the aforementioned building blocks: (1) Several topic-orthogonal text representations are studied in the context of non-standard tasks and a new representation, namely co-stems, is introduced. (2) A new active learning strategy that goes beyond standard sampling is examined. (3) A new one-class ensemble for improving the effectiveness of one-class classification is proposed. (4) A new model selection framework to cope with subclass distribution shifts that occur in dynamic environments is introduced.
Comparison of spike sorting and thresholding of voltage waveforms for intracortical brain–machine interface performance (2014)

For prosthetics applications, these results imply that when thresholding is used instead of spike sorting, only a small amount of performance may be lost. The utilization of threshold-crossing events may significantly extend the lifetime of a device because these events are often still detectable once single neurons are no longer isolated.
Evolution and Taxonomy of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses: Implications of Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Sequences (1993)

Despite the rapid mutational change that is typical of positive-strand RNA viruses, enzymes mediating the replication and expression of virus genomes contain arrays of conserved sequence motifs. Proteins with such motifs include RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, putative RNA helicase, chymotrypsin-like and papain-like proteases, and methyltransferases. The genes for these proteins form partially conserved modules in large subsets of viruses. A concept of the virus genome as a relatively evolutionarily stable "core" of housekeeping genes accompanied by a much more flexible "shell" consisting mostly of genes coding for virion components and various accessory proteins is discussed. Shuffling of the "shell" genes including genome reorganization and recombination between remote groups of viruses is considered to be one of the major factors of virus evolution. Multiple alignments for the conserved viral proteins were constructed and used to generate the respective phylogenetic trees. Based primarily on the tentative phylogeny for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is the only universally conserved protein of positive-strand RNA viruses, three large classes of viruses, each consisting of distinct smaller divisions, were delineated. A strong correlation was observed between this grouping and the tentative phylogenies for the other conserved proteins as well as the arrangement of genes encoding these proteins in the virus genome. A comparable correlation with the polymerase phylogeny was not found for genes encoding virion components or for genome expression strategies. It is surmised that several types of arrangement of the "shell" genes as well as basic mechanisms of expression could have evolved independently in different evolutionary lineages. The grouping revealed by phylogenetic analysis may provide the basis for revision of virus classification, and phylogenetic taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses is outlined. Some of the phylogenetically derived divisions of positive-strand RNA viruses also include double-stranded RNA viruses, indicating that in certain cases the type of genome nucleic acid may not be a reliable taxonomic criterion for viruses. Hypothetical evolutionary scenarios for positive-strand RNA viruses are proposed. It is hypothesized that all positive-strand RNA viruses and some related double-stranded RNA viruses could have evolved from a common ancestor virus that contained genes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a chymotrypsin-related protease that also functioned as the capsid protein, and possibly an RNA helicase.
Battling against host phagocytes: the wherefore of the RTX family of toxins? (1995)

The RTX family of bacterial exotoxins is a group of related cytolytic proteins produced by a wide variety of gram-negative human and animal pathogens. While diverse in their associated diseases and in their target cell specificities, there remain several themes common to RTX toxins, including genetic organization, structural and functional features, and effects on target cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss the genetics, regulation, epidemiology, structure/function relationships, and in vivo and in vitro activities of the best characterized RTX toxins, and speculate on their roles in pathogenesis and their use in immunotherapy.
Prospects for a group A streptococcal vaccine. (2005)

Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections are associated with a number of human diseases, including pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and rheumatic heart disease. An increase in the incidence of severe GAS infections in Western countries, and the awareness of the burden of GAS-associated diseases in developing nations, which remains high in spite of the availability of antibiotics, has provided the impetus for development of a safe and efficacious GAS vaccine. This has focused on the M protein, a major GAS virulence factor, however, with the publication of several GAS genomes, a number of non-M vaccine candidates are now under investigation.
Genetic Evidence for an Interaction of the UbiG O -Methyltransferase with UbiX in Escherichia coli Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis (2006)

IS16 is a thiol-sensitive, Q-deficient mutant strain of Escherichia coli. Here, we show that IS16 harbors a mutation in the ubiG gene encoding a methyltransferase required for two O-methylation steps of Q biosynthesis. Complementation of IS16 with either ubiG or ubiX(K-12) reverses this phenotype, suggesting that UbiX may interact with UbiG.
Anti-inflammatory HDL becomes pro-inflammatory during the acute phase response. Loss of protective effect of HDL against LDL oxidation in aortic wall cell cocultures. (1995)

We previously reported that high density lipoprotein (HDL) protects against the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by artery wall cells causing these cells to produce pro-inflammatory molecules. We also reported that enzyme systems associated with HDL were responsible for this anti-inflammatory property of HDL. We now report studies comparing HDL before and during an acute phase response (APR) in both humans and a croton oil rabbit model. In rabbits, from the onset of APR the protective effect of HDL progressively decreased and was completely lost by day three. As serum amyloid A (SAA) levels in acute phase HDL (AP-HDL) increased, apo A-I levels decreased 73%. Concomitantly, paraoxonase (PON) and platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) levels in HDL declined 71 and 90%, respectively, from days one to three. After day three, there was some recovery of the protective effect of HDL. AP-HDL from human patients and rabbits but not normal or control HDL (C-HDL) exhibited increases in ceruloplasmin (CP). This increase in CP was not seen in acute phase VLDL or LDL. C-HDL incubated with purified CP and re-isolated (CP-HDL), lost its ability to inhibit LDL oxidation. Northern blot analyses demonstrated enhanced expression of MCP-1 in coculture cells treated with AP-HDL and CP-HDL compared to C-HDL. Enrichment of human AP-HDL with purified PON or PAF-AH rendered AP-HDL protective against LDL modification. We conclude that under basal conditions HDL serves an anti-inflammatory role but during APR displacement and/or exchange of proteins associated with HDL results in a pro-inflammatory molecule.