gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in the Human Circulation: A Review (1994)

The actions and bioavailability of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are regulated by a family of six IGF binding proteins. IGFBP-3, the major circulating IGFBP, is unique in combining with a glycoprotein, the acid-labile subunit (ALS), to form a ternary complex with IGF-I or IGF-II. Each component of this trimer is growth hormone-dependent, and the hypoglycemic potential of circulating IGFs appears neutralized in this form. IGFs in the complex have a greatly extended circulating half-life, their stability being conferred by the presence of ALS, which is itself very stable in the circulation. IGFBP-1 does not appear to be a carrier of IGFs, but to act as an acute modulator of their metabolic activities. In this role it can be viewed as an insulin counter-regulator, blocking 'free' insulin-like activity during fasting or hypoglycemia. IGF-I administration causes complex changes in circulating IGFBPs, so that a detailed knowledge of their regulation is essential if the therapeutic potential of IGF-I is to be optimised.
The recycling and transcytotic pathways for IgG transport by FcRn are distinct and display an inherent polarity (2009)

The Fc receptor FcRn traffics immunoglobulin G (IgG) in both directions across polarized epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces, contributing to host defense. We show that FcRn traffics IgG from either apical or basolateral membranes into the recycling endosome (RE), after which the actin motor myosin Vb and the GTPase Rab25 regulate a sorting step that specifies transcytosis without affecting recycling. Another regulatory component of the RE, Rab11a, is dispensable for transcytosis, but regulates recycling to the basolateral membrane only. None of these proteins affect FcRn trafficking away from lysosomes. Thus, FcRn transcytotic and recycling sorting steps are distinct. These results are consistent with a single structurally and functionally heterogeneous RE compartment that traffics FcRn to both cell surfaces while discriminating between recycling and transcytosis pathways polarized in their direction of transport.
Cutting Edge: Rapid In Vivo CTL Activity by Polyoma Virus-Specific Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells (2003)

For viruses that establish persistent infection, continuous immunosurveillance by effector-competent antiviral CD8(+) T cells is likely essential for limiting viral replication. Although it is well documented that virus-specific memory CD8(+) T cells synthesize cytokines after short term in vitro stimulation, there is limited evidence that these T cells exhibit cytotoxicity, the dominant antiviral effector function. Here, we show that antiviral CD8(+) T cells in mice acutely infected by polyoma virus, a persistent mouse pathogen, specifically eliminate viral peptide-pulsed donor spleen cells within minutes after adoptive transfer and do so via a perforin-dependent mechanism. Antiviral memory CD8(+) T cells were similarly capable of rapidly mobilizing potent Ag-specific cytotoxic activity in vivo. These findings strongly support the concept that a cytotoxic effector-memory CD8(+) T cell population operates in vivo to control this persistent viral infection.
Covalently Bound Clusters of Alpha-Substituted PDI—Rival Electron Acceptors to Fullerene for Organic Solar Cells (2016)

A cluster type of electron acceptor, TPB, bearing four α-perylenediimides (PDIs), was developed, in which the four PDIs form a cross-like molecular conformation while still partially conjugated with the BDT-Th core. The blend TPB:PTB7-Th films show favorable morphology and efficient charge dissociation. The inverted solar cells exhibited the highest PCE of 8.47% with the extraordinarily high Jsc values (>18 mA/cm(2)), comparable with those of the corresponding PC71BM/PTB7-Th-based solar cells.
Baculovirus vectors: novel mammalian cell gene-delivery vehicles and their applications. (2003)

Various methods have been developed to transfer and express genes in mammalian cells. Each method, whether virally, non-virally, or physically-based, has unique favorable features, but also drawbacks with respect to meeting desired and specific needs. Baculoviruses have been used since 1983 to express recombinant genes controlled by strong insect-virus promoters in their natural host (insect) cells. Today this is a well-established and easy to handle system for producing large quantities of recombinant proteins for numerous purposes. In 1995 it was first published that recombinant baculoviruses are able to deliver genes into mammalian cells. These genes are expressed provided that they are controlled by a promoter which is active in mammalian cells. Since then, various vector variants have been developed and numerous potential and meaningful applications have been described. It is not surprising that the use of baculovirus vectors as mammalian cell gene delivery vectors is constantly increasing and that the system is undergoing permanent improvements. Based on the convenience of the system to transfer genes into mammalian cells, baculoviruses can be applied in cell-based assays for drug screening to overcome the long periods of time required to generate stable cell lines. Baculovirus vectors are able to deliver very large DNA sequences into mammalian cells and vectors for toxic gene products can also be generated. In addition, baculoviruses are valuable tools for launching viral infection in cases where there is no appropriate cell culture system. Moreover, recent research has shown that the vectors can be applied in vivo. Depending on the design of the study, baculovirus vectors allow for sustained gene expression or are able to induce an immune response directed against the delivered and/or displayed gene product. The latter offers the opportunity to generate monoclonal antibodies against certain proteins that have failed by other means. In addition, it points to the potential usefulness of baculovirus vectors as new kinds of vaccines. Baculovirus vectors are therefore considered an enabling technology for various product opportunities.
Le regard de la génomique sur la diversité naturelle des plantes cultivées (2006)

Les nouvelles technologies d'etude du genome explorent la diversite des plantes au niveau meme de l'ADN. L'accumulation recente de donnees donne acces a de nouvelles connaissances sur l'histoire des plantes mises en culture par l'homme. L'etude de la diversite des plantes, notamment au niveau des genes, permet de tester des theories evolutives sur le role de la selection pour l'adaptation, avec des retombees qui permettront de reperer au sein meme des genes les nucleotides impliques dans la variation des plantes entieres et par-la meme de decrypter les facteurs d'adaptation des plantes a leur environnement, naturel ou anthropique.
Third-harmonic generation in positively dispersive gases with a novel cell (1994)

The generation of UV third-harmonic radiation by a focused laser beam in a positively dispersive gaseous medium is investigated. The nonlinear gas is confined to a focal half-space by using a differentially pumped gas cell. The resulting density gradient along the beam axis is shown to provide an efficient frequency conversion in spectral regions of positive dispersion. Experimental results obtained in argon at λ ~ 197 nm, which compare favorably with theory, are presented.
Probiotic Amelioration of Azotemia in 5/6th Nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats (2005)

The present study was to test the hypothesis that, selected bacteria instilled into the gastrointestinal tract could help in converting nitrogenous wastes accumulated due to renal insufficiency into non-toxic compounds; thereby, ameliorating the biochemical imbalance. Herein we describe a prospective, blinded, placebo controlled pilot-study, using 5/6th nephrectomized Sprague Dawley rat, as a chronic renal failure model. The study group consisted of 36 nephrectomized and 7 non-nephrectomized (control) rats. After two-week nephrectomy stabilization, cohorts of six nephrectomized rats were fed casein-based diet plus one of the following regimens: (A) Control, (B) Placebo (casein-based diet without probiotics), (C) Bacillus pasteurii, (D) Sporolac(R), (E) Kibow cocktail, (F) CHR Hansen Cocktail, and (G) ECONORM. Subsequently, blood (retro-orbital) and urine (collected for measurements of blood urea-nitrogen and creatinine respectively), body weight and bacterial counts (feces) were obtained at regular intervals. The study end-points were to determine if any of the probiotic dietary supplements facilitated, (1) decreased blood concentrations of uremic toxins, (2) altered renal function, and (3) prolonged survival. After 16 weeks of treatment, regimens C and D significantly prolonged the life span of uremic rats, in addition to showing a reduction in blood urea-nitrogen levels, concluding that supplementation of probiotic formulation to uremic rats slows the progression of azotemia, which may correlate with prolonged life span of uremic rats. Derivative trials of probiotic treatment of larger animals and humans will further assess the potential role of probiotic formulations in delaying the onset and clinical severity of clinical illness at different stages of renal failure.
αv Integrin, p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase, and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Are Functionally Linked in Invasive Breast Cancer Cells (2001)

We reported previously that endogenous p38 MAPK activity is elevated in invasive breast cancer cells and that constitutive p38 MAPK activity is important for overproduction of uPA in these cells (Huang, S., New, L., Pan, Z., Han, J., and Nemerow, G. R. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 12266-12272). However, it is unclear how elevated endogenous p38 MAPK activity is maintained in invasive breast cancer cells. In the present study, we found that blocking alpha(v) integrin functionality with a function-blocking monoclonal antibody or down-regulating alpha(v) integrin expression with alpha(v)-specific antisense oligonucleotides significantly decreased the levels of active p38 MAPK and inhibited cell-associated uPA expression in invasive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggest a function link between alpha(v) integrin, p38 MAPK activity, and uPA expression in invasive tumor cells. We also found that vitronectin/alpha(v) integrin ligation specifically induced p38 MAPK activation and uPA up-regulation in invasive MDA-MB-231 cells but not in non-invasive MCF7 cells. Finally, using a panel of melanoma cells, we demonstrated that the cytoplasmic tail of alpha(v) integrin subunit is required for alpha(v) integrin ligation-induced p38 MAPK activation.
Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains on acute diarrhea in a cohort of nonhospitalized children attending day-care centers (2002)

In children from day-care centers with mild gastroenteritis, the combination of L. rhamnosus 19070-2 and L. reuteri DSM 12246 was effective in reducing the duration of diarrhea.
What have we learnt from triggering migraine? (2010)

Human models of migraine offer unique possibilities to study mechanisms responsible for different migraine subtypes and to explore the mechanisms of action of existing and future antimigraine drugs. Adding advanced imaging techniques to the models may lead to a better understanding of the complex events that constitutes a migraine attack and thereby more targeted ways of intervention.
Ras Genes (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Convenient and Efficient Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxyfunctionalization of Terminal Olefins by Using Molecular Oxygen as Sole Reoxidant (2005)

Eines allein: Die Kombination von Palladiumdichlorid mit N,N-Dimethylacetamid (DMA) liefert ein hoch effizientes und wiederverwendbares Katalysatorsystem, das nur mit molekularem Sauerstoff als Reoxidationsmittel die Flüssigphasen-Wacker-Oxidation und die Acetoxylierung terminaler Olefine zu den entsprechenden Methylketonen bzw. linearen Allylacetaten ermöglicht (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z502886_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regulation of Sustained Actin Dynamics by the TCR and Costimulation as a Mechanism of Receptor Localization (2003)

The localization of receptors, signaling intermediates, and cytoskeletal components at the T cell/APC interface is thought to be a major determinant of efficient T cell activation. However, important questions remain open. What are the dynamics of the T cell cytoskeleton as a potential mediator of such localization? How are they regulated by the TCR and costimulatory receptors? Do they actually mediate receptor localization? In this study, we have addressed these questions. Even under limiting T cell activation conditions, actin accumulated immediately and transiently at the T cell/APC interface, the microtubule organizing center reoriented toward it. In contrast, sustained (>5 min) actin accumulation in highly dynamic patterns depended on an optimal T cell stimulus: high concentrations of the strong TCR ligand agonist peptide/MHC and engagement of the costimulatory receptors CD28 and LFA-1 were required in an overlapping, yet distinct, fashion. Intact sustained actin dynamics were required for interface accumulation of TCR/MHC in a central pattern and for efficient T cell proliferation, as established using a novel approach to selectively block only the sustained actin dynamics. These data suggest that control of specific elements of actin dynamics by TCR and costimulatory receptors is a mechanism to regulate the efficiency of T cell activation.
Comparative Effect of Atypical and Conventional Antipsychotic Drugs on Neurocognition in First-Episode Psychosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Olanzapine Versus Low Doses of Haloperidol (2004)

Olanzapine has a beneficial effect on neurocognitive function in patients with a first episode of psychosis. However, in a comparison of the effects of olanzapine and low doses of haloperidol, the difference in benefit is small.
The ‘UFO’ micro-urban multipurpose turbine (2012)

There are several major water resources with great hydro-power potential within the Slovak Republic. To create a huge natural water flow there are always couple of small streams and little rivers joining together. The question that emerges is: they are sufficiently equivalent hydro-power sources? As many villages, especially those in the mountain regions, posses at least one river flow. In many cases this flow is the annual cause of floods that negatively influence any of the Micro-urban regions. Another question that rises: this erratic natural force can be turned into an advantage for this kind of region by applying a suitable device or method?
The effects of low‐dose testosterone treatment on lipid metabolism, clotting factors and ultrasonographic ovarian morphology in women (1998)

Low-dose testosterome administration to women for over two years did not induce changes in ovarian architecture but had small, potentially atherogenic effects on some parameters of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, no differences were detected in markers of activation of the clotting system to indicate an actual increase in the risk of thrombosis. Overall, this study provides largely reassuring data about the safety of low-dose androgen treatment in women. However, caution should be exercised in women with existing or a familial predisposition to lipid abnormalities, because of the small but significant changes found in HDL-C, apo-A1 and VLDL-C.
NAD+-Dependent Enzyme Electrodes:  Electrical Contact of Cofactor-Dependent Enzymes and Electrodes (1997)

NAD+-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is assembled onto a pyrroloquinoline quinone-NAD+ monolayer. The redox active monolayer is assembled via covalent attachment of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to a cystamine monolayer associated with a Au electrode, followed by covalent linkage of N6-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD+ to the monolayer. The surface coverage of PQQ and NAD+ units is ca. 1.2 × 10-10 mol cm-2. The surface coverage of LDH bound to the redox active monolayer is ca. 3.5 × 10-12 mol cm-2. The assembled LDH monolayer is active in the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of lactate. The bioelectrocatalyzed process involves the PQQ-mediated oxidation of the immobilized NADH in the presence of Ca2+ ions. The LDH associated with the PQQ-NAD+ monolayer assembled on the electrode surface exhibits moderate stability, and the biocatalyst dissociates to the electrolyte solution. Dissociation of LDH is enhanced in the presence of solubilized NAD+. Cross-linking of the monolayer-bound LDH with glutaric dialdehyde yields an integrated stable enzyme electrode for the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation of lactate. The electrode acts as an amperometric biosensor for lactate. Affinity binding of NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase to the PQQ-NAD+-monolayer-modified Au electrode, followed by cross-linking of the enzyme, yields an enzyme electrode for the bioelectrochemical detection of ethanol.
Distinct Sarcomeric Substrates Are Responsible for Protein Kinase D-mediated Regulation of Cardiac Myofilament Ca2+ Sensitivity and Cross-bridge Cycling (2009)

Protein kinase D (PKD), a serine/threonine kinase with emerging cardiovascular functions, phosphorylates cardiac troponin I (cTnI) at Ser(22)/Ser(23), reduces myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, and accelerates cross-bridge cycle kinetics. Whether PKD regulates cardiac myofilament function entirely through cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) remains to be established. To determine the role of cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) in PKD-mediated regulation of cardiac myofilament function, we used transgenic mice that express cTnI in which Ser(22)/Ser(23) are substituted by nonphosphorylatable Ala (cTnI-Ala(2)). In skinned myocardium from wild-type (WT) mice, PKD increased cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) and decreased the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force. In contrast, PKD had no effect on the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force in myocardium from cTnI-Ala(2) mice, in which Ser(22)/Ser(23) were unavailable for phosphorylation. Surprisingly, PKD accelerated cross-bridge cycle kinetics similarly in myocardium from WT and cTnI-Ala(2) mice. Because cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation underlies cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated acceleration of cross-bridge cycle kinetics, we explored whether PKD phosphorylates cMyBP-C at its PKA sites, using recombinant C1C2 fragments with or without site-specific Ser/Ala substitutions. Kinase assays confirmed that PKA phosphorylates Ser(273), Ser(282), and Ser(302), and revealed that PKD phosphorylates only Ser(302). Furthermore, PKD phosphorylated Ser(302) selectively and to a similar extent in native cMyBP-C of skinned myocardium from WT and cTnI-Ala(2) mice, and this phosphorylation occurred throughout the C-zones of sarcomeric A-bands. In conclusion, PKD reduces myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity through cTnI phosphorylation at Ser(22)/Ser(23) but accelerates cross-bridge cycle kinetics by a distinct mechanism. PKD phosphorylates cMyBP-C at Ser(302), which may mediate the latter effect.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Stimulates Human Erythroid Colony Formationin Vitro (1987)

The effects of human GH and insulin-like growth factor I on the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells from the bone marrow and peripheral blood of children were studied in a hormone-depleted culture system. Growth of erythroid progenitors was quantified by directly scoring colonies and by biochemical determination of the activity of a cytosolic enzyme of the heme pathway, uroporphyrinogen I synthase. In the presence of erythropoietin, high concentrations (50-100 ng/mL) of human GH induced an increase in the number of erythroid colonies (and their uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity) formed by bone marrow or peripheral blood erythroid precursors. In the same conditions, physiological concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (0.5-1 ng/mL) stimulated erythroid cell growth and differentiation (P less than 0.03) from bone marrow or peripheral blood.
The mammalian zona pellucida: its biochemistry, immunochemistry, molecular biology, and developmental expression (1994)

Many studies of the molecular and biochemical aspects of mammalian fertilization have focused on the interaction of the spermatozoa with the zona pellucida (ZP). The zona pellucida, a unique extracellular matrix surrounding the mammalian oocyte, is formed during ovarian follicular development. Following ovulation of the mature ovum, the spermatozoa must bind to and penetrate this matrix before the fertilization process is completed and the male and female genetic information combine. Although numerous models for this interaction have been proposed, the complete process has yet to be elucidated. The precise mechanisms by which these interactions occur also vary markedly among different mammalian species, making it more difficult to establish a unified model. To a great extent, the study of the molecules involved in these interactions have been limited because small numbers of female gametes are available for these studies. The recent development of techniques to isolate large numbers of zonae pellucidae as well as advances in immunological and molecular biology techniques have permitted the detailed characterization of ZP proteins. Although there is a paucity of information on the post-translational modification and extracellular processing of these molecules which result in matrix formation, a number of properties have been elucidated allowing better correlation between the structure and function of different ZP proteins among species. This review reflects these studies in relation to protein nomenclature and the molecular complexity of ZP antigens.
Integrating page replacement in a distributed shared virtual memory (2002)

Presents a new algorithm for distributed shared virtual memory dedicated to diskless embedded systems. In this context, we adapt an existing algorithm in order to include a page replacement mechanism. We also propose a memory partition to optimize memory space use. In conclusion, our algorithm has a complexity comparable with the initial one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>