gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Growth Factor‐I Inhibits Apoptosis in Hematopoietic: Progenitor Cells Implications in Thymic Aginga (1998)

A decline in plasma concentrations of both growth hormone and IGF-I occurs during aging of humans and rodents, and this is accompanied by involution of the thymus gland. Exogenous growth hormone induces the synthesis of IGF-I, which acts on bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages to promote their replication and survival. The increase in survival of these cells is caused by the ability of IGF-I to inhibit their apoptotic death. In contrast to the multipotential colony-stimulating-factor IL-3, inhibition of apoptosis by IGF-I requires the activation of the critical intracellular effector PI 3-kinase. These data establish that hematopoietic progenitors can use more than one intracellular signaling pathway in order to maintain their survival. The data also extend the original hypothesis that IGF-I shares with the colony-stimulating factors the properties of promoting DNA synthesis and inhibiting programmed cell death. Collectively, these data establish that hematopoietic progenitor cells are important targets for IGF-I, and this is likely to be important in understanding thymic aging.
CORTICAL BONE REACTIONS AT THE INTERFACE OF EXTERNAL FIXATION HALF-PINS UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING CONDITIONS (1993)

The pin-bone interface is the weakest link in the mechanical stability of external skeletal fixation. In this investigation, a canine model was used to characterize the nature of cortical bone reactions at the pin-bone interface. Unilateral external fixators were applied to the tibiae of 61 dogs using six tapered cortical half-pins. The pins were inserted after predrilling both cortices, and pin insertion torque was measured. A transverse or oblique osteotomy was performed in each tibia and stabilized under different gap conditions. Unrestricted weight bearing was allowed immediately after surgery. Sequential functional evaluations of the animals and biweekly roentgenograms of the pin tracks were done. Pin removal torques were recorded at the time the animals were killed at different time periods. Pin tracks were analyzed using quantitative tetracycline histomorphometry and microradiography. The results showed that cortical bone undergoes extensive creeping substitution around external fixation half-pins. New bone accounted for approximately 43% of the intracortical space along the pin track, and cortical bone porosity showed a fourfold increase compared with intact bone value. This cortical bone remodeling resulted in a time-related decrease of pin removal torque (p < 0.001). In inherently unstable oblique osteotomies, and less in stable rigidly fixed transverse osteotomies, immediate postoperative weight bearing caused bone thread resorption and adverse cortical bone remodeling at the entry cortex of external fixation half-pins. The unicortical loosening of half-pins that became evident during the first month of fixation obviously represents a consequence of micromotion and local bone yielding failure caused by high dynamic stresses of the pin-bone interface. Effective precautions should be taken to reduce such stresses.
Radiolabeling of antibodies. (1980)

The radiolabeling of antibodies is considered in terms of the choice of radionuclide, the method of conjugation, and the effect of conjugation on plasma clearance. Iodination techniques are reviewed, but the major emphasis is placed on the methods of conjugating metallic radionuclides using bifunctional chelating agents. The technique of producing clinically useful radiolabeled antibodies by balancing altered substrate specificity caused by radiolabeling against accelerated plasma clearance is discussed.
IFN- gamma and TNF- alpha induce redistribution of PECAM-1 (CD31) on human endothelial cells. (1995)

Platelet endothelial adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) is a glycoprotein adhesion molecule of the Ig superfamily that is constitutively expressed on leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells where it concentrates at the intercellular borders of adjacent cells. Recent studies have confirmed that endothelial PECAM-1 is involved in the recruitment of neutrophils into inflammatory sites. However, the effects of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on endothelial PECAM-1 expression are not known. We studied the effect of several inflammatory cytokines on human umbilical vein endothelial cell PECAM-1 expression. We found that TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma produced dose-dependent changes in the surface distribution of PECAM-1, with a loss of the typical staining of PECAM-1 at intercellular junctions. Because TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma did not alter PECAM-1 transcription or total surface PECAM-1, these changes in PECAM-1 localization are most consistent with a redistribution of the protein away from intercellular junctions. This cytokine-induced surface redistribution of PECAM-1 was associated with changes in PECAM-1 cytoskeletal association but did not involve the expression of different alternatively spliced variants of the molecule. Given the involvement of endothelial PECAM-1 in neutrophil recruitment, redistribution of PECAM-1 may serve as a mechanism for regulating the transmigration of leukocytes across the vascular endothelium.
Collaborative plans for group activities (1993)

The original formulation of SharedPlans [Grosz and Sidner, 1990] was developed to provide a model of collaborative planning in which it was not necessary for one agent to have intentions toward an act of a different agent. This formulation provided for two agents to coordinate their activities without introducing any notion of jointly held intentions (or, &amp;apos;weintentions&amp;apos;). However, it only treated activities that directly decomposed into single agents actions. In this paper we provide a revised and expanded version of SharedPlans that accommodates actions involving groups of agents as well as complex actions that decompose into multi-agent actions. The new definitions also allow for contracting out certain actions, and provide a model with the features required in Bratman&amp;apos;s account of shared cooperative activity [Bratman, 1992]. A reformulation of the model of individual plans that meshes with the definition of SharedPlans is also provided. 1
Performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN implemented on software defined radio with hybrid programmable architecture (2004)

We have successfully fabricated a prototype software defined radio (SDR) transceiver that supports both Japanese PHS and IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN). In this paper, we design an IEEE 802.11 WLAN around the SDR with its distributed and heterogeneous hybrid programmable architecture. The most difficult problem in implementing the WLAN in this way is how to meet the SIFS requirement in the IEEE 802.11 standard. This paper shows the hardware and software architecture of the prototype and how it can support the protocol processing of the IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The hybrid programmable architecture is a sophisticated combination of a general-purpose microprocessor (CPU), digital signal processors (DSPs), and programmable hardware (FPGAs). The MAC layer functions are executed on the CPU, and the PHY layer functions such as MODEM are processed by the DSP; higher-speed digital signal processes are run on the FPGA. This paper also describes an experimental evaluation of the prototype for IEEE 802.11 WLAN use.
Dinutuximab for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (2016)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra cranial solid tumor of childhood, with 60% of patients presenting with high risk (HR) NB by means of clinical, pathological and biological features. The 5-year survival rate for HR-NB remains below 40%, with the majority of patients suffering relapse from chemorefractory tumor. Immunotherapy is the main strategy against minimal residual disease and clinical experience has mostly focused on monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against the glycolipid disialoganglioside GD2. Three anti-GD2 antibodies have been tested in the clinic including murine 14G2a, human-mouse chimeric ch14.18 and 3F8. Anti-GD2 MoAb induces cellular cytoxicity against NB and is most effective when effector cells like natural killer cells, granulocytes and macrophages are amplified by cytokines. The combination of cytokines IL-2 and GM-CSF with the anti-GD2 MoAb ch14.18 (Dinutuximab) has shown a significant improvement in outcome for HR-NB. The FDA and EMA approved dinutuximab (Unituxin(R)) in 2015 for the treatment of patients with HR-NB who achieved at least a partial response after multimodality therapy.
Morphological and structural study of pseudowollastonite implants in bone (2000)

In vitro experiments show that pseudowollastonite (alpha-CaSiO3) is a highly bioactive material that forms a hydroxyapatite surface layer on exposure to simulated body fluid and also to human parotid saliva. This finding is very significant, as it indicates that the pseudowollastonite can be physically and chemically integrated into the structure of living bone tissue, and therefore could be suitable for repair or replacement of living bone. The physical and chemical nature of the remodelled interface between the pseudowollastonite implants and the surrounding bone has been studied after in vivo implantation of 20 pseudowollastonite cylinders into rat tibias. The interfaces formed after 3, 6, 8 and 12 weeks of implantation were examined histologically using an optical microscope and also by analytical scanning electron microscopy. SEM and X-ray elemental analysis showed that the new bone was growing in direct contact with the implants. Other examinations found that the bone was fully mineralized. The ionic exchange taking place at the implant interface with the body fluids was essential in the process of the implant integration through a dissolution-precipitation-transformation mechanism. The study found the interface biologically and chemically active over the 12-week implantation period. The rate of new bone formation decreased after the first 3 weeks and reached constant value over the following 9 weeks. The osteoblastic cells migrated towards the interface and colonized the surface at the contact areas with the cortical regions and also bone marrow.
Frequency conversion over two-thirds of an octave in silicon nanowaveguides (2010)

We demonstrate ultrabroad-bandwidth low-power frequency conversion of continuous-wave light in a dispersion engineered silicon nanowaveguide via four-wave mixing. Our process produces continuously tunable four-wave mixing wavelength conversion over two-thirds of an octave from 1241-nm to 2078-nm wavelength light with a pump wavelength in the telecommunications C-band.
Maternal plasma soluble endoglin at 11–13 weeks' gestation in pre‐eclampsia (2010)

Effective screening for early PE can be provided by a combination of maternal factors, sEng, PlGF and uterine artery L-PI at 11-13 weeks' gestation.
Advances of the Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UCMSCs)from the Wharton's jelly and vasculature of the umbilical cord possessed the capacities of self-renewal,multi-lineage differentiation and immunoregulatory effects.It is demonstrated that they could differentiate into osteogenic,chondrogenic,adipogenic,myogenic and neural cells in vitro.Together with the distinct advantages of umbilical cord,such as the accessibility,painless procedures to donors,no ethics constraint,UCMSCs should be a promising source for autologous cell therapy and human tissue-engineering strategies.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis Hexokinase in Tomato Plants Inhibits Growth, Reduces Photosynthesis, and Induces Rapid Senescence (1999)

Sugars are key regulatory molecules that affect diverse processes in higher plants. Hexokinase is the first enzyme in hexose metabolism and may be a sugar sensor that mediates sugar regulation. We present evidence that hexokinase is involved in sensing endogenous levels of sugars in photosynthetic tissues and that it participates in the regulation of senescence, photosynthesis, and growth in seedlings as well as in mature plants. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis hexokinase-encoding gene AtHXK1 were produced. Independent transgenic plants carrying single copies of AtHXK1 were characterized by growth inhibition, the degree of which was found to correlate directly to the expression and activity of AtHXK1. Reciprocal grafting experiments suggested that the inhibitory effect occurred when AtHXK1 was expressed in photosynthetic tissues. Accordingly, plants with increased AtHXK1 activity had reduced chlorophyll content in their leaves, reduced photosynthesis rates, and reduced photochemical quantum efficiency of photosystem II reaction centers compared with plants without increased AtHXK1 activity. In addition, the transgenic plants underwent rapid senescence, suggesting that hexokinase is also involved in senescence regulation. Fruit weight, starch content in young fruits, and total soluble solids in mature fruits were also reduced in the transgenic plants. The results indicate that endogenous hexokinase activity is not rate limiting for growth; rather, they support the role of hexokinase as a regulatory enzyme in photosynthetic tissues, in which it regulates photosynthesis, growth, and senescence.
Syntheses of 2-mercapto-4-substituted imidazole derivatives with antiinflammatory properties. (1984)

Various 2-mercapto-4-substituted-5-imidazolecarboxylates (5) were synthesized by the reaction of C-acylamino acid methyl esters (4) with potassium thiocyanate. Hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation of the imidazole carboxylates (5) gave 2-mercapto-4-substituted imidazoles (8) in good yields. Furthermore, the imidazoles (8) were also directly obtained by the reaction of aminoketones (9) with potassium thiocyanate. These compounds (8) exhibited antiinflammatory activities against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Among the compounds tested, 2-mercapto-4-(3-thienyl) imidazole (8r) showed the best therapeutic index value, giving a value comparable to that of mefenamic acid.
Bayesian inference in ecology (2004)

Abstract Bayesian inference is an important statistical tool that is increasingly being used by ecologists. In a Bayesian analysis, information available before a study is conducted is summarized in a quantitative model or hypothesis: the prior probability distribution. Bayes’ Theorem uses the prior probability distribution and the likelihood of the data to generate a posterior probability distribution. Posterior probability distributions are an epistemological alternative to P ‐values and provide a direct measure of the degree of belief that can be placed on models, hypotheses, or parameter estimates. Moreover, Bayesian information‐theoretic methods provide robust measures of the probability of alternative models, and multiple models can be averaged into a single model that reflects uncertainty in model construction and selection. These methods are demonstrated through a simple worked example. Ecologists are using Bayesian inference in studies that range from predicting single‐species population dynamics to understanding ecosystem processes. Not all ecologists, however, appreciate the philosophical underpinnings of Bayesian inference. In particular, Bayesians and frequentists differ in their definition of probability and in their treatment of model parameters as random variables or estimates of true values. These assumptions must be addressed explicitly before deciding whether or not to use Bayesian methods to analyse ecological data.
Glutamate-dependent astrocyte modulation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons (1998)

The idea that astrocytes merely provide structural and trophic support for neurons has been challenged by the demonstration that astrocytes can regulate neuronal calcium levels. However, the physiological consequences of astrocyte-neuron signalling are unknown. Using mixed cultures of rat hippocampal astrocytes and neurons we have determined functional consequences of elevating astrocyte calcium levels on co-cultured neurons. Electrical or mechanical stimulation of astrocytes to increase their calcium level caused a glutamate-dependent slow inward current (SIC) in associated neurons. Microinjection of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) into astrocytes to prevent the stimulus-dependent increase in astrocyte calcium level, blocks the appearance of the neuronal SIC. Pharmacological manipulations indicate that this astrocyte-dependent SIC is mediated by extracellular glutamate acting on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Additionally, stimulation of astrocytes reduced the magnitude of action potential-evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents through the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. The demonstration that astrocytes modulate neuronal currents and synaptic transmission raises the possibility that astrocytes play a neuromodulatory role by controlling the extracellular level of glutamate.
Brokering meteorological and oceanographic information in support of military operations using GIS technology (2004)

In order to provide timely meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) support to military operations, it is advantageous to provide geospatially enabled information that can be integrated seamlessly into the infrastructure of decision-making tools used by the warfighter. This requires a new technology that can incorporate and transform many types of data into a uniform package of useful georeferenced information. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) is being recognized as the solution of choice to satisfy this requirement. Over the past few years the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) has led the way in the development of this cutting-edge technology. GIS methodology is particularly well suited for collecting, organizing, storing, analyzing, and distributing geological, oceanographic, meteorological, and even space data. As users at NAVOCEANO have come to recognize how GIS tools could vastly improve operations, certain capabilities for processing and distributing relevant METOC information have evolved. This paper describes certain applications of GIS technology that provide geospatial information to the customer, leading up to the use of ArcIMS, an Internet map server developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI). The overall goal at NAVOCEANO is to provide the warfighter with time-critical information of the environment relevant to the warfare area and pertinent to the mission. To this end, the ArcIMS, coupled with ArcSDE, the spatial data engine, provides an architecture that allows NAVOCEANO to broker between the vast and disparate resources of METOC data and the highly specific military mission requirements. Portrayed in the paper is the history of operational support that lays the ground work for GIS technology today at NAVOCEANO. Finally, described here is one of the latest functional prototypes of the ArcIMS setup at NAVOCEANO that provides a variety of METOC information layers tailored to certain requirements, initiated by a demonstration proposal for Fleet Battle Experiment - Juliet.
An extra dimension in nucleic acid sequence recognition (2005)

Watson-Crick base pairing is a natural molecular recognition process that has been exploited in molecular biology and universally adopted in many fields. An additional mode of nucleic acid sequence recognition that could be used in combination with normal base pairing would add an exta dimension to nucleic acid interactions and open up many new applications. In principle the triplex approach could provide this if developed to recognize any DNA sequence. To this end modified nucleosides have been incorporated into triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) and used to recognize mixed sequence DNA with high selectivity and affinity at neutral pH. Continuing developments are directed towards improving TFO affinity at high pH and increasing triplex association kinetics. A number of applications of triplexes are currently being explored.
Effect of a Novel Thromboxane A2 Inhibitor on Right Ventricular-Arterial Coupling in Endotoxic Shock (2003)

We investigated the effects of a dual thromboxane (TX)A2 synthase inhibitor and TXA2 receptor antagonist (BM-573) on right ventricular-arterial coupling in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. Thirty minutes before the onset of 0.5 mg/kg endotoxin infusion, six pigs (Endo group) received an infusion with a placebo solution, and six other pigs (Anta group) with BM-573. Right ventricular pressure-volume loops were obtained by the conductance catheter technique. The slope (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and its volume intercept at 25 mmHg were calculated as measures of right ventricular systolic function. RV afterload was quantified by pulmonary arterial elastance (Ea), and Ees/Ea ratio represented right ventricular-arterial coupling. Mechanical efficiency was defined as the ratio of stroke work and pressure-volume area. In this model of endotoxic shock, BM-573 blunted the early phase of pulmonary hypertension, improved arterial oxygenation, and prevented a decrease in right ventricular myocardial efficiency and right ventricular dilatation. However, the drug could not prevent the loss of homeometric regulation and alterations in right ventricular-arterial coupling. In conclusion, dual TXA2 synthase inhibitor and receptor antagonists such as BM-573 have potential therapeutic applications, improving right ventricular efficiency and arterial oxygenation in endotoxic shock.
Functional reconstruction of rabbit corneal epithelium by human limbal cells cultured on amniotic membrane. (2003)

During healing, expression of p63 is not limited to epithelial stem cells but may also mark transient amplifying progenitor cells. Culture on human amniotic membrane suppresses differentiation of limbal epithelial cells and promotes the proliferation of p63 expressing cells. Amniotic membrane-cultured human limbal cells fully reconstructed rabbit corneas having limbal stem cell deficiency, with human cells providing most of the cells of the new epithelium. Expression p63 is distributed throughout the reconstructed tissue.
<title>Laser-micromachined microchannel solvent separator</title> (1997)

The fabrication of components for a microchannel chemical solvent separation unit is described. The performance of this unit is intended to employ enhanced kinetic effects due to short contact times encountered in to facilitate extraction of one dissolved species from one solvent into another. Components for the device are fabricated by laser micromachining, photochemical machining, and photolithographic patterning. The separation unit consists of a series of parallel flow and counterflow microchannels separated by micromachined membranes and assembled into a single unit by a lamination process. In a sample design, channel width, membrane width and length are 100 micrometer, 1 cm, and 8 cm respectively. Test membranes were fabricated from stainless steel using photochemical machining and from polyimide by using two distinct laser micromachining processes. Use of the lamination fabrication method allows flexibility in the design of the microchannels within the unit. Preliminary results of membrane tests and a brief discussion of future efforts are included.