gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The transplantation of nuclei from single cultured cells into enucleate frogs’ eggs (1970)

ABSTRACT Nuclei from a monolayer of cultured epithelial cells have been transplanted singly to enucleated unfertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. About three-quarters of the injected eggs failed to cleave or cleaved abortively. Most of the remainder formed partial blastulae. Less than 1 % reached postneurula stages of development. Nuclei from first-transfer blastulae were used for serial transplantation. The nuclei of partial blastulae promoted normal or nearly normal development more often than those of complete blastulae. Several clones were obtained which included nearly normal tadpoles with apparently normal muscle, nerve, blood, and other specialized cell types. Three tadpoles commenced feeding and have completed metamorphosis into young frogs. To prove that the donor- and not egg-nucleus participated in the formation of nuclear-transplant tadpoles, genetically marked 2-nu and l-nu diploid nuclei were transplanted to 2-nu eggs; the resulting tadpoles had the nucleolar number characteristic of donor, not egg, nuclei. Chromosome counts and nuclear diameter measurements on the epidermal cells of these tadpoles revealed the presence of diploid mitoses and the absence of haploid nuclei. The behaviour of egg and donor nuclei immediately after nuclear transfer was determined by tracing the early cleavage pattern of individual eggs and by following, autoradiographically, the fate of donor nuclei whose DNA had been previously labelled with 3H-thymidine. These experiments show that the serial transplantation of nuclei from monolayer cell cultures can lead to sufficiently normal nuclear-transplant embryo development to provide a useful test of the genetic properties of the donor cell line.
Protein Kinase C: A Novel Target for Inhibiting Gastric Cancer Cell Invasion (1993)

PKC appears to represent a new target for inhibition of gastric cancer cell invasion, and SPC100221, in view of its PKC specificity, may provide a model for future drug development in this area. Moreover, PKC beta may have a fundamental role in the development of invasive potential in gastric cancer.
Regulation of Bax Activation and Apoptotic Response to Microtubule-damaging Agents by p53 Transcription-dependent and -independent Pathways (2004)

Microtubule-damaging agents (MDA) are potent antineoplastic drugs that are widely used in clinical treatment for a variety of cancers. However, the precise mechanisms underlying MDA-induced cell death are largely unknown. Here, we report that both p53 and Bax are central participants in the MDA-mediated cell death machinery in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. MDA, including epothilone B analogue (BMS-247550) and vinblastine, induced apoptosis of Bax-positive HCT116 cells in a p53-dependent manner; p53 was required for MDA-induced Bax conformational change. In response to MDA treatment, the BH3-only proapoptotic protein PUMA was up-regulated in p53-positive but not in p53 knockout HCT116 cells. Moreover, PUMA knockout HCT116 cells were resistant to MDA-induced Bax conformational change and apoptosis. In addition, introducing p53 plasmid DNA into p53-deficient HCT116 cells restored PUMA expression and apoptotic response to MDA treatment. However, ectopic expression of the p53 point mutation L22Q/W23S, but not the proline-rich domain deletion mutants 83-393 and DeltaProAE, could also sensitize p53 knockout HCT116 cells to MDA-induced Bax activation and apoptosis, although all mutants failed to restore PUMA expression. Together, these findings suggest that p53 acts upstream of Bax to promote MDA-mediated cell death in a proline-rich domain-dependent manner through both transcription-dependent (by up-regulating PUMA expression) and -independent mechanisms in human colon cancer HCT116 cells.
Synthetic Tumor-Associated Glycopeptide Antigens from the Tandem Repeat Sequence of the Epithelial Mucin MUC4 (2004)

In cancer research, the development of vaccines against tumor-associated antigens is of particular interest. Epithelial cells express mucin type glycoproteins, which are extensively O-glycosylated. In case of cancer, the expression of these mucins is increased, and their carbohydrate side chains show an aberrant glycosylation pattern. A set of single and double glycosylated hexadecapeptides representing the tandem repeat sequence of the epi­thelial mucin MUC4 carrying different tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens was prepared by sequential solid-phase glycopeptide synthesis. The crucial glycosyl amino acid building blocks containing the TN, T, sialyl-TN and (2,6)-sialyl-T antigens were synthesized according to a biomimetic strategy by stepwise extension of the saccharide side chain of a Fmoc-protected galactosamine threonine tert-butyl ester precursor.
Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). (2003)

The health-care facility environment is rarely implicated in disease transmission, except among patients who are immunocompromised. Nonetheless, inadvertent exposures to environmental pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus spp. and Legionella spp.) or airborne pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis and varicella-zoster virus) can result in adverse patient outcomes and cause illness among health-care workers. Environmental infection-control strategies and engineering controls can effectively prevent these infections. The incidence of health-care--associated infections and pseudo-outbreaks can be minimized by 1) appropriate use of cleaners and disinfectants; 2) appropriate maintenance of medical equipment (e.g., automated endoscope reprocessors or hydrotherapy equipment); 3) adherence to water-quality standards for hemodialysis, and to ventilation standards for specialized care environments (e.g., airborne infection isolation rooms, protective environments, or operating rooms); and 4) prompt management of water intrusion into the facility. Routine environmental sampling is not usually advised, except for water quality determinations in hemodialysis settings and other situations where sampling is directed by epidemiologic principles, and results can be applied directly to infection-control decisions. This report reviews previous guidelines and strategies for preventing environment-associated infections in health-care facilities and offers recommendations. These include 1) evidence-based recommendations supported by studies; 2) requirements of federal agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and U.S. Department of Justice); 3) guidelines and standards from building and equipment professional organizations (e.g., American Institute of Architects, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers); 4) recommendations derived from scientific theory or rationale; and 5) experienced opinions based upon infection-control and engineering practices. The report also suggests a series of performance measurements as a means to evaluate infection-control efforts.
Long-term Diazepam Therapy and Clinical Outcome (1983)

This double-blind study involved the continuous (six to 22 weeks) treatment of 180 chronically anxious outpatients with diazepam, 15 to 40 mg/day. Our findings indicate that a significant number of patients benefit from prolonged diazepam treatment and that tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of diazepam does not develop during a 22-week study period. The duration of continual treatment with sedative-benzodiazepines was clearly the most important determinant of withdrawal reactions. Patients treated continuously for less than eight months with sedative-benzodiazepines had an incidence of withdrawal of 5%, whereas 43% of patients treated for eight months or more demonstrated clear withdrawal reactions. While these withdrawal reactions produced considerable distress, they were neither life threatening nor incapacitating and did not include convulsions or psychotic reactions. In all cases, withdrawal reactions could be readily managed by gradually tapering the dose of the benzodiazepine.
<title>Sevenfold improvement of axial resolution in 3D wide-field microscopy using two objective lenses</title> (1995)

A weakness of standard 3D microscopies--both confocal and widefield+deconvolution-- is that their resolution is substantially worse in the axial direction than in the lateral plane. We describe two new widefield techniques with substantially improved axial resolution that actually exceeds the lateral resolution. As is well known, the resolution is related to the angle over which the objective lens collects light. In our first technique, light is collected over an enlarged set of angles by using two objective lenses on opposite sides of the sample. The two image beams are combined coherently on the same CCD camera. Interference between the beams yields new, previously inaccessible sample information. The second technique applies a similar concept to the illumination light in fluorescence microscopy. Light from an extended, spatially incoherent light source--such as a standard arc lamp--is split and directed through the two opposing objective lenses so as to create a narrow interference fringe at the focal plane in the sample. This spatial structure in the excitation light yields access to new sample information. The two techniques can easily be used together; the combined technique promises an axial resolution improvement of a factor of seven over standard widefield microscopy.
Photoactivable fluorophores. 1. Synthesis and photoactivation ofo-nitrobenzyl-quenched fluorescent carbamates. (1988)

The synthesis and photoactivation of a new type of fluorescent probe, the photoactivable fluorophore (PAF) are described. The PAFs described in this paper consist of fluorescent aromatic amines coupled to substituted nitrobenzyl quenching chromophores via a carbamate linkage. Photoactivation occurs by an intramolecular photo-redox reaction, converting the o-nitrobenzyl group to a labileo-nitrosobenzaldehyde hemiacetal which fragments with loss of CO2 to liberate the fluorescent amine. Photoactivation quantum yields also are reported.
Schizophrenia: from Epidemiology to Rehabilitation (2012)

Coping of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may represents the starting-point for further research on schizophrenia, cohort studies and randomized trials are necessary to defined the range of effectiveness and the outcome of the treatments.
On systematic punctured convolutional codes (1997)

This paper investigates high rate systematic punctured convolutional codes based on Forney's (1970) results. High rate systematic punctured convolutional codes of rate-2/3 with constraint length 3/spl les/K/spl les/7 and rate-3/4 through 15/16 with K=7 are derived using the rate-1/2 best known nonsystematic convolutional codes. Weight spectra of newly discovered systematic punctured convolutional codes are provided and compared with the best known nonsystematic punctured codes. Simulation results on bit-error probabilities (BEPs) are also given.
Zinc oxide whiskers (1997)

This paper describes the first experiments on the production of zinc oxide whiskers in air without crystallization chambers or reactors, using CO2-laser radiation. The features of their exciton luminescence are studied, and they are compared with bulk single crystals and epitaxial layers of Zno.
Cross-Linked Chitosan/Chitin Crystal Nanocomposites with Improved Permeation Selectivity and pH Stability (2009)

This study is aimed at developing and characterizing cross-linked bionanocomposites for membrane applications using chitosan as the matrix, chitin nanocrystals as the functional phase, and gluteraldehyde as the cross-linker. The nanocomposites' chemistry and morphology were examined by estimation of gel content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), whereby the occurrence of cross-linking and nanoscale dispersion of chitin in the matrix was confirmed. Besides, cross-linking and chitin whiskers content were both found to impact the water uptake mechanism. Cross-linking provided dimensional stability in acidic medium and significantly decreased the equilibrium water uptake. Incorporation of chitin nanocrystals provided increased permeation selectivity to chitosan in neutral and acidic medium.
Transferrin-iron uptake by gram-negative bacteria (2003)

Members of the families Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Moraxellaceae are capable of transferrin-iron acquisition in the absence of siderophore production. They do so via expression of a bi-partite receptor composed of two dissimilar proteins, TbpA and TbpB. Both proteins are surface exposed, iron-regulated and capable of binding transferrin. However, other physiochemical, antigenic, and immunogenic characteristics of the proteins are quite distinct. TbpB is a lipoprotein, which like the mammalian transferrin receptor is capable if discriminating between apo- and holo-transferrin. Expression of TbpB is not essential for transferrin-iron uptake, and in rare situations, the gene that encodes this protein is not linked to the gene encoding the second component. TbpA is a member of a family of TonB-dependent transporters, others of which accomplish ferric-siderophore and vitamin B12 uptake at the expense of a proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane. However, unlike the other TonB-dependent receptors where vitamins or ferric-siderophores are wholly internalized, the bacterial transferrin receptor must remove iron from transferrin at the cell surface. This review focuses on the structure-function relationships in the transferrin-binding proteins, their sequence and antigenic diversity, and the mechanisms by which they accomplish transferrin-iron uptake. The contribution of these proteins to pathogenesis and vaccine development based on TbpA and TbpB are also discussed.
ECM Production of Primary Human and Bovine Chondrocytes in Hybrid PEG Hydrogels Containing Type I Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid (2012)

The development of advanced materials that facilitate hyaline cartilage formation and regeneration in aging populations is imperative. Critical to the success of this endeavor is the optimization of ECM production from clinically relevant cells. However, much of the current literature focuses on the investigation of primary bovine chondrocytes from young calves, which differ significantly than osteoarthritic cells from human sources. This study examines the levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) production using various levels of type I collagen and hyaluronic acid in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) hydrogels in total knee arthroplasties, compared with the results from bovine chondrocytes. The addition of type 1 collagen in both the presence and absence of low levels of hyaluronic acid increased ECM production and/or retention in scaffolds containing either bovine or human chondrocytes. These findings are supported consistently with colorimetric quantification, whole mount extracellular matrix staining for both cell types, and histological staining for glycoaminoglycans and collagen of human chondrocyte containing samples. While exhibiting similar trends, the relative ECM productions levels for the primary human chondrocytes are significantly less than the bovine chondrocytes which reinforces the need for additional optimization.
Double Emulsions Relevant to Food Systems: Preparation, Stability, and Applications (2017)

This review describes advances in the preparation of food-relevant double emulsions (DEs) of the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) and oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) types with emphasis on research published within the last decade. The information is assembled and critically evaluated according to the following aspects: the food application area, the range of encapsulated components and emulsion composition, the emulsification preparation methods, the balancing of the osmotic pressure, the stabilization by increased viscosity or gelation, the role of protein-polysaccharide interactions, and the techniques used to estimate DE yield and emulsification efficiency. Particular focus is directed toward the control of encapsulation and release behavior, including strategies that have been employed to improve the retention ability of the inner phase droplets by modifying the outer oil-water interface through mixed ingredient interactions, Pickering stabilization by particles, and biopolymer gelation. We also briefly consider the incorporation of DEs into dried microcapsules and the stability of W/O/W emulsions during eating and digestion. It would appear that 2 outstanding issues are currently preventing full realization of the potential of DEs in food applications: (i) the lack of availability of large-scale production equipment to ensure efficient nondestructive 2nd-stage emulsification, and (ii) the limited range of food-grade ingredients available to successfully replace polyglycerol polyricinoleate as the primary emulsifier in W/O/W formulations.
Characterization of the katG gene encoding a catalase-peroxidase required for the isoniazid susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1993)

The isoniazid susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by the product of the katG gene which encodes the heme-containing enzyme catalase-peroxidase. In this study, the chromosomal location of katG has been established and its nucleotide sequence has been determined so that the primary structure of catalase-peroxidase could be predicted. The M. tuberculosis enzyme is an 80,000-dalton protein containing several motifs characteristic of peroxidases and shows strong similarity to other bacterial catalase-peroxidases. Expression of the katG gene in M. tuberculosis, M. smegmatis, and Escherichia coli was demonstrated by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Homologous genes were detected in other mycobacteria, even those which are naturally insensitive to isoniazid.
Strained Si NMOSFETs for high performance CMOS technology (2002)

Performance enhancements in strained Si NMOSFETs were demonstrated at L/sub eff/<70 nm. A 70% increase in electron mobility was observed at vertical fields as high as 1.5 MV/cm for the first time, suggesting a new mobility enhancement mechanism in addition to reduced phonon scattering. Current drive increase by /spl ges/35% was observed at L/sub eff/<70 nm. These results indicate that strain can be used to improve CMOS device performance at sub-100 nm technology nodes.
p53-Independent Expression of p21 Cip1 in Muscle and Other Terminally Differentiating Cells (1995)

Terminal differentiation is coupled to withdrawal from the cell cycle. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p21Cip1 is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and can induce growth arrest. CKIs are therefore potential mediators of developmental control of cell proliferation. The expression pattern of mouse p21 correlated with terminal differentiation of multiple cell lineages including skeletal muscle, cartilage, skin, and nasal epithelium in a p53-independent manner. Although the muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD is sufficient to activate p21 expression in 10T1/2 cells, p21 was expressed in myogenic cells of mice lacking the genes encoding MyoD and myogenin, demonstrating that p21 expression does not require these transcription factors. The p21 protein may function during development as an inducible growth inhibitor that contributes to cell cycle exit and differentiation.
Bacterial CYP153A monooxygenases for the synthesis of omega-hydroxylated fatty acids (2012)

CYP153A from Marinobacter aquaeolei has been identified as a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase with a broad substrate range. Two hotspots predicted to influence substrate specificity and selectivity were exchanged. Mutant G307A is 2- to 20-fold more active towards fatty acids than the wild-type. Residue L354 is determinant for the enzyme ω-regioselectivity.
Thermal-noise limited laser stabilization to a crystalline whispering-gallery-mode resonator (2011)

We have stabilized an external cavity diode laser to a whispering gallery mode resonator formed by a protrusion of a single-crystal magnesiumdifluoride cylinder. The cylinder's compact dimensions (&lt;1 cm^3) reduce the sensitivity to vibrations and simplify the stabilization of its temperature in a compact setup. In a comparison to an ultrastable laser used for precision metrology we determine a minimum Allan deviation of 20 Hz, corresponding to a relative Allan deviation of 6*10^-14, at an integration time of 100 ms. This level of instability is compatible with the limits imposed by fundamental fluctuations of the material's refractive index at room temperature.
cataract surgical problem (1999)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: November 1999 - Volume 25 - Issue 11 - p 1428 doi: 10.1016/S0886-3350(99)00279-5
[Expression and clinical significance of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8 (ADAM8) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer]. (2008)

ADAM8 and EGFR are overexpressed in NSCLC, and their expressions are consistent.
Controlled Deposition of Silicon Nanowires on Chemically Patterned Substrate by Capillary Force Using a Blade-Coating Method (2008)

We demonstrate a new method for depositing silicon nanowires (NWs) on selected areas of large-scale substrates with a high deposition yield. The method is based on blade-coating, which takes advantage of capillary force. First, water is blade-coated onto the chemically patterned substrate surface on which hydrophilic areas are surrounded by a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer, selectively depositing water onto those areas. Second, before the water evaporates, a silicon NW dispersion is blade-coated onto the same surface, and in this step, the dispersion comes into contact with the water. An NW dispersion consists of water-insoluble solvent and NWs that have been chemically modified such that they tend to be adsorbed at the water/solvent interface due to capillary force or to minimize the free energy. Thus, in the second step, NWs position themselves on the hydrophilic areas after the water and dispersion solvent have evaporated. Using this method, NWs were selectively deposited on 2 × 15 μm2 hydrophilic areas on a substrate with an area of 20 cm2 with a probability over 0.9. We investigated the mechanism of NW deposition on the hydrophilic areas by the free energy calculation with the interfacial tension between NW and water, between NW and the solvent of the NW dispersion, and between water and the solvent. The energy calculation showed that the NWs are stabilized in the state where roughly half of the NWs sink into the water on the hydrophilic areas in the blade-coating process.
TACI‐Ig prevents the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma (2008)

Our data demonstrate that delivery of mTACI-Ig is a more effective treatment than anti-IgE mAb in a murine model of AHR.