gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamics of Papaverine- and Phentolamine-Induced Penile Erection (1986)

We investigated the hemodynamic changes induced in the canine corpora cavernosa by intracorporeal injection of papaverine or phentolamine. In six dogs studied, papaverine profoundly increased the resistance to venous outflow, whereas phentolamine (an alpha-adrenergic blocker) had little or no effect. In four other dogs, flow within the internal pudendal artery was measured with an ultrasonic flow probe placed directly on the artery. Papaverine increased arterial flow by 300 to 700 per cent over baseline levels, whereas the increase with phentolamine was only 50 to 100 per cent. We conclude that papaverine, by virtue of its direct smooth-muscle-relaxing properties, has a dual hemodynamic effect: it decreases the resistance to arterial inflow, thereby allowing large increases in the flow of blood into the penis during tumescence; and increases the resistance to venous outflow. Phentolamine only decreases the resistance to arterial inflow, more modestly than papaverine, and does not increase the resistance to venous outflow.
Biologically Active Metabolites from Xenorhabdus Spp., Part 1. Dithiolopyrrolone Derivatives with Antibiotic Activity (1991)

Five related antibiotic compounds, named xenorhabdins, were isolated from cultures of Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect-pathogenic nematodes. Their chemical structures were elucidated by X-ray crystallography, nmr, and mass spectral analyses to be N-acyl derivatives of either 6-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1,2-dithiolo [4,3-b] pyrrole (compounds 1-3) or 6-amino-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-1,2-dithiolo[4,3-b] pyrrole (compounds 4 and 5). They are previously unreported members of the pyrrothine family of antibiotics. Antimicrobial and insectidical activities were found. These metabolites are specific to phase one Xenorhabdus.
Transforming text into hypertext for a compact disc encyclopedia (1989)

A hypertext version of a multi-volume engineering encyclopedia on a compact disc is described. The methods for characterizing the explicit and implicit structure of the document, the novel user interface to the compact disc version, and the design and development lessons that apply to any hypertext project involving realistic amounts of text and graphics are discussed.
Impact of polymer hydrophilicity on biocompatibility: Implication for DES polymer design (2008)

Polymer coatings are essential for local delivery of drug from the stent platform. In designing a DES, it is critical to balance the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of the polymer system to obtain optimal biocompatibility, while maintaining controlled drug elution. This study investigates the impact of polymer composition of the BioLinx polymer blend on in vitro biocompatibility, as measured by monocytic adhesion. Comparable evaluation was performed with polymers similar to those utilized in various DES that are currently being marketed. Relative hydrophilicities of polymer surfaces were determined through contact angle measurements and surface analyses. Polymer biocompatibility was evaluated in a novel in vitro assay system in which activated monocyte cells were exposed to polymer coated on 96-well plates. Enhanced monocyte adhesion was observed with polymers of a more hydrophobic nature, whereas those which were more hydrophilic did not induce activated monocyte adhesion. Our data supports the hypothesis that polymer composition is a feature that dictates in vitro biocompatibility as measured by monocyte driven inflammation. Monocyte adhesion has been shown to induce local inflammation as well as promote vascular cell proliferation factors contributing to in stent restenosis (Rogers et al., Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:1312-1318). Observed results suggest hydrophobic but not hydrophilic polymer surfaces support adhesion of activated monocytes to the polymer scaffold. The proprietary DES polymer blend BioLinx has a hydrophilic surface architecture and does not induce an inflammatory response as measured by these in vitro assays.
Ability of Recombinant Factor VIIa to Reverse the Anticoagulant Effect of the Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux in Healthy Volunteers (2002)

rFVIIa is capable of normalizing coagulation times and thrombin generation during fondaparinux treatment. The duration of this effect ranged from 2 to 6 hours after rFVIIa injection. These results suggest that rFVIIa may be useful to reverse the anticoagulant effect of fondaparinux in case of serious bleeding complications or need for acute surgery during treatment with fondaparinux.
Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Infection (2007)

The study of the evolution and specificities of neutralizing antibodies during the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection may be important in the discovery of possible targets for vaccine design. In this study, we assessed the autologous and heterologous neutralization responses of 14 HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals, using envelope clones obtained within the first 2 months postinfection. Our data show that potent but relatively strain-specific neutralizing antibodies develop within 3 to 12 months of HIV-1 infection. The magnitude of this response was associated with shorter V1-to-V5 envelope lengths and fewer glycosylation sites, particularly in the V1-V2 region. Anti-MPER antibodies were detected in 4 of 14 individuals within a year of infection, while antibodies to CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes developed to high titers in 12 participants, in most cases before the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies. However, neither anti-MPER nor anti-CD4i antibody specificity conferred neutralization breadth. These data provide insights into the kinetics, potency, breadth, and epitope specificity of neutralizing antibody responses in acute HIV-1 subtype C infection.
The E2F Family of Transcription Factors from Arabidopsis thaliana (2002)

The E2F transcription factors are key components of the cyclin D/retinoblastoma/E2F pathway. Here we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana contains six functional AtE2F genes that are all expressed in cell suspension culture but show different patterns of expression during cell cycle progression. According to their structural and functional features, the six AtE2Fs can be divided into two distinct groups; although the three members of the first group, AtE2Fa, AtE2Fb and AtE2Fc, possess all the conserved domains found in other plant and animal E2Fs, the remaining AtE2Fs are novel proteins, which reveal a duplication of the DNA binding domain but lack any other conserved region. Furthermore, the AtE2Fs of the first group are functional transcription factors that in association with AtDP proteins can recognize specifically an E2F cis-element and can transactivate an E2F-responsive reporter gene in plant cells. In contrast, the AtE2Fs of the second group can bind specifically the E2F site without interacting with DP partners but cannot activate gene expression and, instead, are able to inhibit E2F-dependent activation of gene expression in Arabidopsis cells. These findings suggest distinctive roles for the plant E2F proteins and point to a complex concerted regulation of E2F-dependent gene expression in plant cells.
Studies on a Proteinase B Mutant of Yeast (1979)

Yeast mutant lacking proteinase B activity have been isolated [Wolf, D. H. and Ehmann, C. (1978) FEBS Lett. 92, 121--124]. One of these mutants (HP232) is characterized in detail. Absence of the vacuolar localized enzyme is confirmed by checking for proteinase B activity in isolated mutant vacuoles. Defective proteinase B activity segregates 2:2 in meiotic tetrads. The mutation is shown to be recessive. Mutant proteinase B activity is not only absent against the synthetic substrate. Azocoll, but also against the physiological substrate pre-chitin synthetase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. The mutant shows normal vegetative growth, a phenomenon not consistent with the idea that proteinase B might be the activating principle of chitin synthetase zymogen in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy shows normal chitin insertion. Enzymes underlying carbon-catabolite inactivation in wild-type cells (a mechanism proposed to be possibly triggered by proteinase B) such as cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and isocitrate lyase, are inactivated also in the mutant. NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, which is found to be inactivated in glucose-starved wild-type cells, proceeds normally in the mutant. Mutant cells show more than 40% reduced protein degradation under starvation conditions. Sporulating diploids, homozygous for proteinase B absence, also exhibit an approximately 40% reduced protein degradation as compared to homozygous wild-type diploids or diploids heterozygous for the mutant gene. The time of the appearance of the first ascospores of diploid cells, homozygous for proteinase B deficiency, is delayed about 50% and sporulation frequency is reduced to about the same extent as compared to homozygous wild-type diploids or diploids heterozygous for the mutant gene.
Experimental allergic gingivitis (1977)

Immunized and non‐immunized rats were given 6 or 8 intragingival injections of bovine serum albumin or saline at intervals of 7, 3, 2 or 1 days. Biopsies of the gingiva were ob tained one day after the last challenge. The severity of inflammation in the oral mucosa decreased with increasing intervals between injections. Gingivitis did not develop in con trol rats, the mucosa of which was punctured 8 times without injection of solution. It is suggeseed that intragingival challenges give rise to the appearance of inhibitory factors, which are operative only when injections are administered at long spaced intervals.
MacPattern: protein pattern searching on the Apple Macintosh (1991)

A program is described for rapid detection of protein sequence patterns on the Apple Macintosh which makes full use of the information contained in the PROSITE protein pattern database.
Fetal loss in homozygous mutant Norrie disease mice: A new role of Norrin in reproduction (2005)

Mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene (NDP) are known to cause X-linked recessive Norrie disease. In addition, NDP mutations have been found in other vasoproliferative retinopathies such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and Coats disease, suggesting a role for Norrin in vascular development. Here we report that female mice homozygous for the Norrie disease pseudoglioma homolog (Ndph) knockout allele exhibit almost complete infertility, while heterozygous females and hemizygous males are fertile. Histological examinations and RNA in situ hybridization analyses revealed defects in vascular development and decidualization in pregnant Ndph-/- females from embryonic day 7 (E7) onwards, resulting in embryonic loss. Using RT-PCR analyses we also demonstrate, for the first time, the expression of Ndph in mouse uteri and deciduae as well as the expression of NDP in human placenta. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence for Norrin playing an important role in female reproductive tissues.
Nanometric Protein Arrays on Protein-Resistant Monolayers on Silicon Surfaces (2004)

We present a novel approach for preparation of nanometric protein arrays, based on binding of avidin molecules to nanotemplates generated by conductive AFM lithography on robust oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated monolayers on silicon (111) surfaces that are protein-resistant. We showed that only biotinated-BSA but not the native BSA bind to the avidin arrays and that the resulting arrays of biotinated BSA could bind avidin to form protein dots with a feature size of approximately 30 nm. This result demonstrates that the avidin array may serve as templates for preparation of nanoarrays of a wide variety of biotin-tagged proteins for studying their interactions with other protein molecules at nanoscale.
Efficacy and safety of losartan in combination with indapamide in the elderly with essential hypertension (2001)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of Losartan in combination with indapamide in elderly with essential hypertension.METHODS 57 elderly patients with essential hypertension were treated with the combination of losartan and indapamide.24 h ambulatory blood pressure mornitoring and the metabolic parameters were observed.The total follow up periods was 4 months.RESULTS The total efficacy rate was 89.5%.There were significant reductions of 24 h MSBP,MDBP,dMSBP,nMSBP,nMDBP ( P 0.01) and dMDBP ( P 0.05),respectively.The serum Cr and Urine α 1 MG were also significantly reduced ( P 0.05).CONCLUSIONS The combination of losartan and indapamide for the treatment of essential hypertension in elderly was effective and safe.
Iridium-Catalyzed (Z)-Trialkylsilylation of Terminal Olefins (2010)

A complex of commercial [Ir(OMe)(cod)](2) and 4,4-di-tert-butyl-2,2-bipyridine (dtbpy) catalyzes the Z-selective, dehydrative silylation of terminal alkenes, but not 1,2-disubstituted alkenes, with triethylsilane or benzyldimethylsilane in THF at 40 degrees C. Yields and Z-stereoselectivity were significantly improved by 2-norbornene, in contrast with other sacrificial alkenes. The reaction is compatible with many functional groups including epoxides, ketones, amides, alcohols, esters, halides, ketals, and silanes. alpha,beta-Unsaturated esters were unreactive. The reaction probably proceeds through a Heck-type mechanism.
Truncation of the Cytoplasmic Domain Induces Exposure of Conserved Regions in the Ectodomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein (2002)

We have described a CD4-independent variant of HXBc2, termed 8x, that binds directly to CXCR4 and mediates CD4-independent virus infection. Determinants for CD4 independence map to residues in the V3 and V4-C4 domains together with a single nucleotide deletion in the transmembrane domain which introduces a frameshift (FS) at position 706. This FS results in a truncated cytoplasmic domain of 27 amino acids. We demonstrate here that while introduction of the 8x FS mutation into heterologous R5, X4, or R5X4 Env proteins did not impart CD4 independence, it did affect the conformation of the gp120 surface subunit, exposing highly conserved domains involved in both coreceptor and CD4 binding. In addition, antigenic changes in the gp41 ectodomain were also observed, consistent with the idea that the effects of cytoplasmic domain truncation must in some way be transmitted to the external gp120 subunit. Truncation of gp41 also resulted in the marked neutralization sensitivity of all Env proteins tested to human immunodeficiency virus-positive human sera and monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD4 or coreceptor-binding sites. These results demonstrate a structural interdependence between the cytoplasmic domain of gp41 and the ectodomain of the Env protein. They also may help explain why the length of the gp41 cytoplasmic domain is retained in vivo and may provide a way to genetically trigger the exposure of neutralization determinants in heterologous Env proteins that may prove useful for vaccine development.
Comparison of the EGFR resistance mutation profiles generated by EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the impact of drug combinations (2008)

Recent clinical data indicates that the emergence of mutant drug-resistant kinase alleles may be particularly relevant for targeted kinase inhibitors. In order to explore how different classes of targeted therapies impact upon resistance mutations, we performed EGFR (epidermal-growth-factor receptor) resistance mutation screens with erlotinib, lapatinib and CI-1033. Distinct mutation spectra were generated with each inhibitor and were reflective of their respective mechanisms of action. Lapatinib yielded the widest variety of mutations, whereas mutational variability was lower in the erlotinib and CI-1033 screens. Lapatinib was uniquely sensitive to mutations of residues located deep within the selectivity pocket, whereas mutation of either Gly(796) or Cys(797) resulted in a dramatic loss of CI-1033 potency. The clinically observed T790M mutation was common to all inhibitors, but occurred with varying frequencies. Importantly, the presence of C797S with T790M in the same EGFR allele conferred complete resistance to erlotinib, lapatinib and CI-1033. The combination of erlotinib and CI-1033 effectively reduced the number of drug-resistant clones, suggesting a possible clinical strategy to overcome drug resistance. Interestingly, our results also indicate that co-expression of ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 2) has an impact upon the EGFR resistance mutations obtained, suggesting that ErbB2 may play an active role in the acquisition of drug-resistant mutations.
Interaction of Oxidized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Vaporous Aliphatic Amines (2002)

The gas-phase derivatization procedure was employed for direct (i.e., without chemical activation of terminal carboxylic groups) amidization of oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with simple aliphatic amines. The procedure includes treatment of SWNTs with amine vapors under reduced pressure and a temperature of 160−170 °C. Applicability of infrared (IR) spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) for chemical characterization of the derivatized SWNTs was analyzed. It was concluded that IR spectra of oxidized SWNTs treated with amines under different conditions (described here and elsewhere) cannot correspond to amide derivatives on SWNT tips because of the very low concentration of the terminal groups relative to the whole sample mass, which implies a negligible contribution to the IR spectra. The bands detectable in the case of long-chain amines correspond to amine molecules physisorbed because of strong hydrophobic interactions of their hydrocarbon chains with SWNT walls. Energetically preferable adsorption sites are the channels inside SWNTs, according to MM+ molecular-mechanics modeling. TPD-MS provided additional information on the chemical state of the amines. Heating of the amine-treated SWNTs at >200 °C causes cleavage of alkenes from the amine residues: nonene and pentene form in the case of nonylamine and dipentylamine, respectively. For the short-chain amine (dipentylamine), only one chemical form was detected, whereas two forms (amide and physisorbed amine) can be distinguished for the SWNTs treated with nonylamine. The content of physisorbed nonylamine is about 1 order of magnitude higher than the amide content. According to the results of two-level ONIOM quantum-chemistry-molecular-mechanics calculations, the direct formation of amides on armchair SWNT tips is more energetically favorable than that on the zigzag tips, although the activation barriers are of approximately equal height.
Increasing the throughput of the HomePNA MAC protocol (2004)

The paper proposes a new mechanism to increase the HomePNA 2.0 MAC protocol throughput. First, we review the HomePNA (Home Phone-line Network Alliance) MAC protocol and its collision resolution mechanism. Then, we use simulations to evaluate the throughput of HomePNA using a module that we implemented in the ns-2 simulator We propose a priority aggregation mechanism that uses the eight HomePNA priority levels in a more efficient way. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is able to increase the throughput up to 44%. Moreover, our mechanism does not require modifying the HomePNA specification, and can be easily implemented as a new sublayer above the MAC sublayer.
Decalcification of the Mitral Annulus: Surgical Experience in 81 Patients (2006)

Despite the elevated perioperative risk and the high risk of reoperation with this procedure, decalcification of the annulus and repair/replacement of the mitral valve could be performed with good clinical results.
Synthesis, properties, and LED performance of highly luminescent metal complexes containing indolizino[3,4,5-ab]isoindoles (2009)

We report the synthesis, X-ray structures, optical and electrochemical properties, as well as fabrication of light-emitting devices for complexes which have cyclometalated ligands, pin (2-pyridin-2-yl-indolizino[3,4,5-ab]isoindole) and qin (2-quinolin-2-yl-indolizino[3,4,5-ab]isoindole). The new complexes are [Ir(L1)3−x(L2)x], [Pt(L1)(L2)], and [Pd(L1)(L2)] (L1 = pin, qin; L2 = acac (acetylacenato), pic (2-pyridinecarboxylato); x = 0, 1). The Ir and Pt complexes are highly luminescent, even at room temperature, and the relative luminescence quantum efficiencies are as high as 61%. The Pd complexes exhibit luminescence in the solid state, but the luminescence was quenched in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of Pt(pin)(acac), Pd(qin)(acac) and Pd(qin)(acac) were also obtained. The brightness of the light-emitting device reached values as high as 1.4 × 104 cd/m2 and Ir(pin)3 emits beautiful green light.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and urge incontinence: results from a community-based clinic. (2009)

Overactive bladder affects 16% of the adult population. This retrospective analysis evaluated the application of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), a minimally invasive neuromodulation therapy, in a population of patients who failed to achieve adequate control of symptoms of urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and urinary incontinence with conservative treatments. A course of 12 PTNS sessions was prescribed and administered in the context of an independent community-based, nurse practitioner-led continence practice. The results of this analysis indicated that patients treated with PTNS therapy experienced statistically significant decreases in both day and night voids, and in episodes of urge incontinence. This study confirmed the results of previous studies indicating that PTNS therapy is a safe and effective treatment that can be successfully incorporated in a community-based setting.
Multi-layer periodic surfaces and metasurfaces for high-gain antennas (2015)

Novel highly-directive Fabry-Perot (FP) type antennas with significantly enhanced bandwidth performance based on periodic metasurfaces are presented in this thesis. The proposed antennas are formed by multiple layers of periodic surfaces and metasurfaces placed over a ground plane and a low directivity primary source. Initially, multi-layer FP antennas of half wavelength air cavities are investigated as an effort to achieve broadband highly-directive response and generalize the concept of the directivity-bandwidth product enhancement by adding appropriately designed PRS layers in FP type antennas. Subsequently, the limitations of this technique are investigated by studying the dispersion characteristics of the modes supported in multi-layer FP LWAs, providing a full interpretation of the operation of multi-layer Fabry-Perot LWAs. Moreover, a new concept of designing sub-wavelength profile multi-layer FP antennas by replacing the conventional PRSs with optimized composite metasurfaces is proposed outperforming previous designs of the same profile. Finally, an FP antenna operating at sub-millimetre wave frequencies is designed and presented based on micromachined fully metalized SU8 at around 300GHz. An in-house fabrication process is employed for the implementation of a prototype and measurement results are also presented in this thesis. This work offers an interesting new solution for planar high-gain low cost antennas for such high frequencies.