gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The beta-glucan-binding lectin site of mouse CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and its function in generating a primed state of the receptor that mediates cytotoxic activation in response to iC3b-opsonized target cells. (1999)

Mouse leukocyte CR3 (Mac-1, alphaMbeta2 integrin) was shown to function as a receptor for beta-glucans in the same way as human CR3. Soluble zymosan polysaccharide (SZP) or pure beta-glucans labeled with FITC or 125I bound in a saturable and reversible manner to neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells. This lectin activity was blocked by anti-CD11b mAb M1/70 or 5C6 and did not occur with leukocytes from CR3-/- (CD11b-deficient) mice. SZP preparations containing primarily mannose or glucose bound to CR3, and the binding of 125I-labeled beta-glucan to CR3 was competitively inhibited by beta-glucans from barley or seaweed, but not by yeast alpha-mannan. Also, as with human CR3, the lectin site of mouse CR3 was inhibited by alpha- or beta-methylglucoside (but not D-glucose), alpha- or beta-methylmannoside, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Phagocytosis of zymosan and serum-opsonized zymosan was partially inhibited by anti-CR3 and was reduced to <40% of normal with leukocytes from CR3-/- mice. As with neutrophils from patients with CD18 deficiency, neutrophils from CR3-/- mice exhibited no phagocytosis of particulate beta-glucan. SZP or beta-glucans primed CR3 of neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells for cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells that otherwise did not trigger killing. beta-Glucan priming for cytotoxicity was inhibited by anti-CR3 and did not occur with leukocytes from CR3-/- mice. The primed state of macrophage and NK cell CR3 remained detectable for 18 to 24 h after pulsing with beta-glucans. The similarity of mouse and human CR3 in response to beta-glucans highlights the utility of mouse tumor models for development of therapeutic beta-glucans.
The Photo-assimilation of Acetate by Pyrobotrys (Chlamydobotrys) stellata (1967)

SUMMARY: Alcohols, amino acids, organic acids and sugars were tested as carbon sources for the growth of Pyrobotrys (Chlamydobotrys) stellata in the light and dark. Growth was only recorded with acetate in the light. A carbon balance sheet of 14C-acetate assimilation showed a greater incorporation of 14C into polysaccharide and less released as 14CO2 in the light, compared with the dark. The primary products of 14C-acetate assimilation into the soluble fraction of the organisms were identified; after 10 sec. 40% of the total 14C present in this fraction was in succinic acid, 15% in citric acid and 16% in malic acid. The percentage of total 14C in this fraction present in succinic and malic acids decreased consistently with time, while that in citric acid initially increased before decreasing. After 10 sec. the specific activity of succinic acid was more than twice that of citric acid. 4 x 10−3 M-monofluoroacetate (MFA) effectively inhibited the incorporation of 14C-acetate into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and related compounds, and markedly inhibited 14CO2 evolution. 10−6 M-N 1-(3-4, dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl urea (DCMU) did not significantly inhibit 14C-metabolism. The key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, isocitrate lyase (E. C. 4.1.3.1) and malate synthetase (E. C. 4.1.3.2) were found to be present in P. stellata, and did not disappear in the absence of acetate, but even so growth was not recorded on acetate in the dark.
Percolating Conduction in Finite Nanotube Networks (2005)

The percolating conductance of a new class of nanocomposite thin-film transistors, with channels composed of isotropic ensembles of nanotubes or nanowires, is analyzed as a function of wire/tube density and channel length. The conductance exponents are validated against analytical results for short channel transistors, and against available experimental data for longer channel devices. Our plots of conductance exponents as a function of tube-to-tube coupling strength provide a unified framework to interpret future experiments and should help design better nanocomposite transistors.
Selective Screening Methods for the Isolation of High Yielding Cellulase Mutants of Trichoderma reesei (1979)

Screening methods for the selection of high-yielding cellulase mutants of Trichoderma reesei have been devised that specifically detect hyperproducing, catabolite repression-resistant, and end-product inhibition-resistant strains. Individual selection techniques employing specific substrates and end-product inhibitors allow for visual screening of a single enzyme in the cellulase complex: endo-β 1-4 glucanase and β-glucosidase (cellobiase) as well as the synergistic action of all the enzymes of the cellulase complex. By use of these methods, mutant strains have been isolated that hyperproduce cellulase and are resistant to catabolite repression by glucose or glycerol.
Optimal scoring strategies and weights for the formalin test in rats (1997)

The formalin test is a well-established model for assessing inflammatory nociceptive processes and analgesic drug effects. Previous research established the validity of an ordinal relationship among three well-defined pain behavior categories used to compute a composite pain score (CPS). However, optimal weights had not been validated. The present research used data from Coderre et al. (1993) and from Sufka and Roach (1996) to determine and validate optimal pain behavior category weights. Based on multiple regression analyses and Pearson correlations, optimal weights of 1 and 2 are proposed for behavior categories 2 and 3, respectively; behavior category 1 is not scored. These results are consistent with the work of Abbott et al. (1995) and Coderre et al. (1993) in that the ordinal relationship among category weights is preserved, and extend previous work by establishing optimal category weights.
Molecular cloning and characterization of grancalcin, a novel EF-hand calcium-binding protein abundant in neutrophils and monocytes. (1992)

A novel EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein we have called grancalcin has been identified and characterized. This protein is particularly abundant in neutrophils and monocytes, with relatively small amounts in lymphocytes. The cDNA for this protein has been cloned and sequenced. The sequence predicts that the protein is composed of 217 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 24,010 daltons. It contains four EF-hand calcium-binding motifs and exhibits strong homology to sorcin, one of two proteins overexpressed in multidrug-resistant cells whose function is unknown. There are potentially one phosphorylation and two glycosylation sites. The 1.65-kilobase mRNA is detected in bone marrow and is present in neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, and the promyelocytic cell line HL60s. The protein displays a Ca(2+)-dependent translocation to the granules and plasma membrane of neutrophils, suggesting that it might play an effector role in the specialized functions of these cells.
Reductive glutamine metabolism by IDH1 mediates lipogenesis under hypoxia (2011)

Acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) is the central biosynthetic precursor for fatty-acid synthesis and protein acetylation. In the conventional view of mammalian cell metabolism, AcCoA is primarily generated from glucose-derived pyruvate through the citrate shuttle and ATP citrate lyase in the cytosol. However, proliferating cells that exhibit aerobic glycolysis and those exposed to hypoxia convert glucose to lactate at near-stoichiometric levels, directing glucose carbon away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty-acid synthesis. Although glutamine is consumed at levels exceeding that required for nitrogen biosynthesis, the regulation and use of glutamine metabolism in hypoxic cells is not well understood. Here we show that human cells use reductive metabolism of α-ketoglutarate to synthesize AcCoA for lipid synthesis. This isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)-dependent pathway is active in most cell lines under normal culture conditions, but cells grown under hypoxia rely almost exclusively on the reductive carboxylation of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate for de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, renal cell lines deficient in the von Hippel–Lindau tumour suppressor protein preferentially use reductive glutamine metabolism for lipid biosynthesis even at normal oxygen levels. These results identify a critical role for oxygen in regulating carbon use to produce AcCoA and support lipid synthesis in mammalian cells.
Standardization of C-Peptide Measurements (2008)

C-peptide results generated by different methods and laboratories do not always agree, especially at higher C-peptide concentrations. Within-laboratory imprecision also varied, with some methods giving much more consistent results than others. These data show that calibrating C-peptide measurement to a reference method can increase comparability between laboratories.
Continuous and discrete wavelength tuning in Er:Yb fiber Fabry–Perot lasers (1995)

Continuous and discrete single-frequency tuning in the 1.5-μm wavelength region are demonstrated by incorporation of erbium:ytterbium phosphosilicate fibers in single and compound fiber Fabry–Perot cavity configurations. Continuous wavelength tuning was obtained over 3.3 nm in a single-cavity laser of 218-μm cavity length. Discrete wavelength tuning was achieved over 9.59 nm in a compound-cavity laser having a 2-mm gain section.
Expression of melanoma cell adhesion molecule in intermediate trophoblast. (1996)

Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (Mel-CAM), also known as MUC18, is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin supergene family. Because of the importance of cell adhesion molecules in trophoblastic function and development, we studied the immunohistochemical distribution of Mel-CAM in trophoblastic cells in the implantation site and the normal placenta and compared it with a variety of gestational trophoblastic lesions. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 44 normal placentas, 54 implantation sites (37 normal and 17 exaggerated), 13 hydatidiform moles, 13 placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT), and 16 choriocarcinomas were evaluated for Mel-CAM expression in trophoblast using a Mel-CAM-specific polyclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase method. Mel-CAM was demonstrated in intermediate trophoblastic (IT) cells in all normal placentas, implantation sites, and exaggerated placental sites. Mel-CAM staining was also found in all the multinucleated IT cells in the placental site. In contrast, Mel-CAM was not detected in either cytotrophoblast (CT) or syncytiotrophoblast (ST). Similarly, in hydatidiform moles, Mel-CAM was confined to IT. In trophoblastic neoplasms, Mel-CAM was expressed in all 13 placental site trophoblastic tumors, and in 14 of 16 (88%) choriocarcinomas. Mel-CAM staining was localized to IT in both placental site trophoblastic tumors and in choriocarcinomas. In conclusion, Mel-CAM is a specific and sensitive marker for IT differentiation in normal placentas, implantation sites, and in gestational trophoblastic lesions. The differential staining pattern of Mel-CAM provides support for a dual pathway of trophoblastic differentiation in the normal placenta and in gestational trophoblastic lesions in which CT differentiates directly into ST on the villous surface, compared with the differentiation of CT to IT and then into multinucleated IT cells in extravillous sites. In view of the difficulty in distinguishing IT from CT by conventional light microscopy, it is proposed that IT cells be defined on the basis of both their morphologic features and immunophenotype as a mononucleate trophoblastic cell that expresses Mel-CAM.
The Association Between Age and Nephrosclerosis on Renal Biopsy Among Healthy Adults (2010)

National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service.
Uvomorulin-catenin complex formation is regulated by a specific domain in the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule. (1990)

We have recently found that the cytoplasmic region of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three proteins named catenin alpha, beta, and gamma. Here we show by analysis of various mutant uvomorulin polypeptides expressed in mouse L cells that this association is mediated by a specific domain in the cytoplasmic region. A specific recognition site for catenins is located in a 72-amino acid domain. Interestingly, 69 of the 72 amino acid residues are encoded by a single exon of the uvomorulin gene. To demonstrate the direct interaction between catenins and the 72-amino acid domain, cDNA constructs composed of H-2Kd cDNA and various 3' sequences of uvomorulin were expressed in L cells. Chimeric proteins between H-2Kd and the 72-amino acid domain of uvomorulin were shown, by immunoprecipitation with anti-H-2Kd antibodies, to complex with catenin alpha, beta, and gamma. Catenins connect uvomorulin to cytoskeletal structures. We provide biochemical evidence for an association of the uvomorulin-catenin complex with actin bundles. Our results suggest that catenin alpha plays a key role in the association with actin filaments, whereas catenin beta binds more directly to the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin. In cell aggregation assays with transfected cells expressing normal or mutant uvomorulin, the adhesive function was expressed only when uvomorulin was associated with catenins. From these results we conclude that the cytoplasmic anchorage of uvomorulin is of major biological importance.
Lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteinases, acid phosphatase, and an endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cystatin-beta, in rat osteoclasts. (1993)

To understand the bone resorption and lysosomal proteinases in osteoclasts, we examined by immunohistochemistry the localization of lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteinases, acid phosphatase, and cystatin-beta in the rat tibial bone. Immunoreactivity for cathepsins B, C, H, and L, cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, and cystatin-beta was demonstrated in various cells of the bone tissue; in particular, large multinucleated osteoclasts attached to the bone surface and chondroclasts in the proximal growth plate. These cells showed intense immunoreactivity for these lysosomal enzymes and cystatin-beta. Bone surface-lining osteoblasts displayed distinct immunoreactivity for cathepsins B, C, D, H, and acid phosphatase, while osteocytes often exhibited that for cathepsins D, H and acid phosphatase. Chondrocytes in the growth plate demonstrated intense immunoreactivity for cathepsins B, D, and acid phosphatase. Immunoreactivity for cystatin-beta was detected in osteoclasts and chondroclasts only. Large, round multinucleated cells free from the bone surface exhibited weak, faint, or no immunoreactivity for the lysosomal enzymes and cystatin-beta. These results suggest that lysosomal cysteine and aspartic proteinases may play a role in the degradation of organic constituents of the bone matrix. Moreover, cystatin-beta can serve as an excellent marker protein for osteoclasts.
The Omega System of Global Navigation (1973)

An overview of the Implementation Status of the Omega Navigation System with information on station construction programs and scheduled milestones is presented. The general descriptions of the stations and their new electronic equipments are discussed. Information is also provided on the program for Omega charts and navigational publications required to support the system expansion. Highlights of the concept of international participation and system management are included in this presentation.
Spatio-Temporal Stream Processing in Microsoft StreamInsight. (2010)

Microsoft StreamInsight is a platform for developing and deploying streaming applications. StreamInsight embraces a temporal stream model to unify and further enrich query language features, handle imperfections in event delivery and define consistency guarantees on the output. With its extensibility framework, StreamInsight enables developers to integrate their domain expertise within the query pipeline as user defined functions, operators and aggregates. Also, the Microsoft SQL Server Spatial Library delivers comprehensive spatial support that enables organizations to seamlessly consume, use, and extend location-based data. This paper covers two approaches to support spatio-temporal stream processing in StreamInsight. First, the paper describes the ongoing effort at Microsoft SQL Server to bring together the temporal aspect of StreamInsight and the spatial support of the SQL Spatial Library, through the extensibility framework, to deliver an end-to-end solution for location-aware and geospatial data streaming applications. Second, the paper provides the future vision for supporting spatial attributes natively within the pipeline of the stream query processor. 1
Phylogenetic Analysis of the UDP-glycosyltransferase Multigene Family of Arabidopsis thaliana (2001)

A class of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) defined by the presence of a C-terminal consensus sequence is found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. Whereas mammalian enzymes use UDP-glucuronic acid, the plant enzymes typically use UDP-glucose in the transfer reactions. A diverse array of aglycones can be glucosylated by these UGTs. In plants, the aglycones include plant hormones, secondary metabolites involved in stress and defense responses, and xenobiotics such as herbicides. Glycosylation is known to regulate many properties of the aglycones such as their bioactivity, their solubility, and their transport properties within the cell and throughout the plant. As a means of providing a framework to start to understand the substrate specificities and structure-function relationships of plant UGTs, we have now applied a molecular phylogenetic analysis to the multigene family of 99 UGT sequences in Arabidopsis. We have determined the overall organization and evolutionary relationships among individual members with a surprisingly high degree of confidence. Through constructing a composite phylogenetic tree that also includes all of the additional plant UGTs with known catalytic activities, we can start to predict both the evolutionary history and substrate specificities of new sequences as they are identified. The tree already suggests that while the activities of some subgroups of the UGT family are highly conserved among different plant species, others subgroups shift substrate specificity with relative ease.
Number Size Distribution of Ambient Particles in a Typical Urban Site: The First Polish Assessment Based on Long‐Term (9 Months) Measurements (2013)

This work presents results from the long-term measurements of particle number carried out at an urban background station in Zabrze, Poland. Ambient particles with aerodynamic diameters of between 28 nm and 10 μ m were investigated by means of a DEKATI thirteen-stage electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI). The particle number-size distribution was bimodal, whilst its density function had the local maxima in the aerodynamic diameter intervals 0.056-0.095 μ m and 0.157-0.263 μ m. The average particle number in winter was nearly twice as high as in summer. The greatest number concentrations in winter were those of the particles with diameters of between 0.617 and 2.41 μ m, that is, the anthropogenic particles from fossil fuel combustion. Approximately 99% of the particles observed in Zabrze had aerodynamic diameters ≤ 1 μ m-they may have originated from the combustion of biomass, liquid, and gaseous fuels in domestic stoves or in car engines. The daily variation of particle number was similar for both seasons-the highest values were observed in the morning (traffic rush hour) and in the afternoon/late evening (traffic and house heating emissions). An additional maximum (0.028-0.056 μ m) observed in the early afternoon in summer was due to the intensive formation of new PM particles from gas precursors.
BNP gene expression is specifically modulated by stretch and ET-1 in a new model of isolated rat atria (1997)

We have assessed the effects of stretch or endothelin-1 (ET-1) on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) secretion and gene expression using a new model of isolated right atria from the rat. This model allows for comparatively long-term in vitro study of adult tissue while retaining the anatomic conformation of the atrium. Stretch and ET-1 resulted in a transient stimulation of ANF and BNP secretion, with an initially larger proportional increase in ANF release. Stretch and ET-1 induced a marked increase in BNP gene expression after 1.5 and 4 h, respectively; the increase in BNP mRNA levels was maintained throughout the 8-h experimental period. Stretch and ET-1 also stimulated c-myc and Egr-1 mRNA levels, two markers of mechanical and receptor-mediated transcriptional activation. The selective response of BNP gene to stretch and ET-1 and the distinct responses of ANF and BNP secretion indicate that the atrial cardiocytes have the capability to individually regulate the synthesis of its endocrine products. This suggests that each hormone plays a specific role in the response of the heart to hemodynamic or neuroendocrine imbalances.
A generic approach for interfacing VRML browsers to various input devices and creating customizable 3D applications (2002)

In this work we present a generic architecture for interfacing various input devices to VRML browsers. Concentrating on the aspect of navigation, our system supports the full range of potential input devices from conventional haptic devices like keyboard and mouse over special Virtual-Reality devices like spacemouse and joystick to, as a special feature, semantically higher level input like speech and gesture recognition. The communication between the individual components of the system is based on a context free grammar, allowing abstract modeling of the various devices and handling both discrete and continuous navigation information. Two new node extensions support the VRML author in creating highly customizable 3D applications: The DeviceSensor node allows grabbing arbitrary user input in a systematic way and the Camera node gives full control over the scene view by specifying velocity vectors and thus enabling arbitrary navigation modes. Finally, the proof of concept is given by a prototypical implementation in VRML.
A toolset for linking phenotype and gene expression at the single-cell level (2017)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2017.
lpr And gld: Single Gene Models Of Systemic Autoimmunity And Lymphoproliferative Disease (1991)

The autosomal recessive lpr and gld genes induce in mice multiple autoantibodies and the progressive accumulation of large numbers of non-malignant CD4- CD8- T lymphocytes. The clinical syndromes and immune abnormalities associated with these two nonallelic genes are nearly identical and are also highly dependent on background genes. MRL/lpr mice are particularly severely affected, and they develop a syndrome that is serologically and pathologically similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Abnormal cell marker expression in the aberrant lpr T lymphocytes includes surface antigens normally associated with activated T cells or even with B cells, and it occurs along with enhanced expression of certain oncogenes. The lpr gene results in intrinsic abnormalities of both T and B lymphocytes, yet its location and product are unknown. The gld gene is located on chromosome 1; its product is also unknown. Although many immunological abnormalities are known, the mechanism whereby these two genes induce autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation remains obscure. Further studies of mice bearing these mutant genes are certain to yield insights into systemic autoimmunity and the control of lymphocyte proliferation.
Novel nitric oxide‒generating platform using manuka honey as an anti‐biofilm strategy in chronic rhinosinusitis (2019)

A novel platform that generates NO using MH and nitrite produces a potent anti-biofilm effect, which can be further enhanced with the addition of SNO-MP.