gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary response of the rat to gram-negative bacteremia (1984)

Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a continuous 5-h intravenous infusion of live Escherichia coli were studied in rats. Control animals were infused with saline. Rats infused with 1.8 +/- 0.4 X 10(10) bacteria/h did not survive a 5-h infusion. These animals developed early hypotension and reduced cardiac output (CO) measured by thermal dilution technique. Rats infused with 8.0 +/- 0.4 X 10(9) bacteria/h survived a 5-h infusion with hypotension and reduced CO occurring later in the course of bacteremia. Heart rate was markedly elevated in both septic groups. Arterial blood gas measurements revealed that partial pressure of O2 was not affected by bacteremia, but partial pressure of CO2 was significantly decreased. Arterial pH remained within the normal range indicating respiratory compensation of a metabolic acidosis. Since hypotension and reduced CO were accompanied by a fall in right atrial pressure (RAP) during bacteremia, a third septic group was studied to evaluate cardiac performance during volume loading. After 3-5 h of bacteremia, a 40% reduction in CO was associated with a significant drop in arterial pressure and RAP. Despite volume loading, ventricular stroke work and arterial pressure were significantly reduced compared with control animals. The results indicate that severe gram-negative bacteremia produces myocardial depression in the rat. This model can be useful for further studies of cardiac dysfunction during sepsis.
Good practice in undergraduate peer support (2009)

The Network has commissioned the authors of this paper to produce a Good Practice Guide to identify and disseminate current good practice in the area of undergraduate peer support, where both undergraduates and postgraduates support other students – in the same or different year groups – in formal or informal situations.
X-ray diffraction and Raman studies of zinc(II) chloride hydrate melts, ZnCl2.rH2O (r = 1.8, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.2) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray diffraction and Raman studies of zinc(II) chloride hydrate melts, ZnCl2.rH2O (r = 1.8, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.2)Toshio Yamaguchi, Shunichi Hayashi, and Hitoshi OhtakiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6, 2620–2625Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a074RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views807Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (725 KB) Get e-Alerts
Transduction of Human T Cells with a Novel T-Cell Receptor Confers Anti-HCV Reactivity (2010)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health concern, with no effective vaccines currently available and 3% of the world's population being infected. Despite the existence of both B- and T-cell immunity in HCV-infected patients, chronic viral infection and HCV-related malignancies progress. Here we report the identification of a novel HCV TCR from an HLA-A2-restricted, HCV NS3:1073-1081-reactive CTL clone isolated from a patient with chronic HCV infection. We characterized this HCV TCR by expressing it in human T cells and analyzed the function of the resulting HCV TCR-transduced cells. Our results indicate that both the HCV TCR-transduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells recognized the HCV NS3:1073-1081 peptide-loaded targets and HCV(+) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) in a polyfunctional manner with cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha) production as well as cytotoxicity. Tumor cell recognition by HCV TCR transduced CD8(-) Jurkat cells and CD4(+) PBL-derived T cells indicated this TCR was CD8-independent, a property consistent with other high affinity TCRs. HCV TCR-transduced T cells may be promising for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infections.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1956)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation E. R. Andrew, H. Y. Carr; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Physics Today 1 March 1956; 9 (3): 18. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3059898 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Dislocation Identification and Mapping in GaN by Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Yeast peroxisomes multiply by growth and division (2007)

Peroxisomes can arise de novo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a maturation process. Peroxisomes can also multiply by fission. We have investigated how these modes of multiplication contribute to peroxisome numbers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the role of the dynamin-related proteins (Drps) in these processes. We have developed pulse-chase and mating assays to follow the fate of existing peroxisomes, de novo-formed peroxisomes, and ER-derived preperoxisomal structures. We find that in wild-type (WT) cells, peroxisomes multiply by fission and do not form de novo. A marker for the maturation pathway, Pex3-GFP, is delivered from the ER to existing peroxisomes. Strikingly, cells lacking peroxisomes as a result of a segregation defect do form peroxisomes de novo. This process is slower than peroxisome multiplication in WT cells and is Drp independent. In contrast, peroxisome fission is Drp dependent. Our results show that peroxisomes multiply by growth and division under our assay conditions. We conclude that the ER to peroxisome pathway functions to supply existing peroxisomes with essential membrane constituents.
[Effects of tobacco on proliferation and attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblast]. (2003)

Nicotine and ST can change PDLFs' morphology and structure, they may inhibit the growth and attachment through disruption of the cytoskeleton, suggesting nicotine and ST may have pathological role on human periodontitis.
Murine Leukemia Induced by Retroviral Gene Marking (2002)

Somatic gene transfer is a promising therapeutic strategy, but it may also evoke new types of side effects related to genetic damage or transgene activity. Retroviral vectors, the best tool currently available for stable genetic modification, integrate at random positions in the cellular genome. The
Combination Effect of Fosfomycin Otic Solution and Norfloxacin against Chronic Otitis Media (1999)

Studies on a combination therapy of fosfomycin (FOM) and norfloxacin (NFLX) against chronic otitis media were performed, and the following results were obtained. 1. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC index) < or = 0.5 between FOM and NFLX showed 66.7% (4/6) against S. aureus isolated from chronic otitis media and 80.5% (4/5) against P. aeruginosa. 2. Clinical effects was excellent in 2 cases (18.2%), good in 6 cases (54.5%) and poor in 3 cases (27.3%). 3. Bacteriologically 9 strains out of 11 patients were eradicated after the combination treatment; 5/6 in S. aureus and 4/5 in P. aeruginosa. 4. No adverse effect and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in this study. It is suggested that the combination of FOM otic solution and NFLX is useful for the treatment of chronic otitis media.
Sample Efficient Actor-Critic with Experience Replay (2016)

This paper presents an actor-critic deep reinforcement learning agent with experience replay that is stable, sample efficient, and performs remarkably well on challenging environments, including the discrete 57-game Atari domain and several continuous control problems. To achieve this, the paper introduces several innovations, including truncated importance sampling with bias correction, stochastic dueling network architectures, and a new trust region policy optimization method.
Internet-based workflows (1997)

The Internet-based desktop environment as defined in this paper consists of a cross-platform browser, a number of server icons (host nodes), a number of application icons (program nodes) and a number of data iwns'(file nodes). In contrast to typical desktops of today, where data icons may be dragged and dropped onto application icons for execution, this environment allows (I) user-defined and reconfigurable execution sequences by creating dependency edges between program nodes (application icons) and file nodes (data icons); (2) data-dependent execution sequences by dynamic scheduling of path as well as loop executions; (3) host-transparency as to the location of applications and data (60th can reside on any host with a unique IP address). We argue that the Internet-based workflow paradigm is suitable for creation of dynamically reco;lfigurable desktop environments. The summary of 450 Internet-based expen'ments demonstrates (1) the value of making the desktop recordable, and (2) the feasibility of rendering it collaborative.
Characterization of Slow-acting Insecticides for the Remedial Control of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1987)

We describe a method to examine time trends in mortality of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, exposed to insecticides. Slow-acting toxicants required a longer time to kill termites at low concentrations than at high concentrations. The level of mortality and the speed of death were dependent on concentration. With acute toxicants, the time required to kill termites was similar at high or low concentrations, while the mortality levels were concentration-dependent. This speed of death at various concentrations of an insecticide can be quantified for comparison purposes using the proposed effective lethal time 90% (ELT90), defined as the amount of time required for an insecticide to kill 90% of the treated individuals within a maximum 14-day span. Slow-acting toxicants were characterized by ELT90 values that spanned a broad range of time, while acute toxicants exhibited a narrow range of ELT90 values.
Physiology of the Parietal Cell and Therapeutic Implications (2003)

The field of acid suppression has been advanced by therapeutics of increasing specificity for inhibiting gastric acid secretion. Particularly important are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which inhibit the activity of the gastric acid pump (H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase), the final common step in gastric acid production. Histamine2-receptor antagonists, which act at an early stage of the acid secretion pathway, are less effective and are subject to intolerance. The PPIs are weak bases that undergo accumulation in the acidic space of the secreting parietal cell and are converted in acid to the active thiophilic form, which then forms disulfide bonds with key cysteines of the gastric acid pump. Pantoprazole differs from other PPIs in terms of its reaction with cysteine 822 in the pump and with cysteine 813, a common binding site for all PPIs. Both cysteines are in the sixth transmembrane segment, which is part of the ion transport pathway. This selective binding may have an impact on the dwell time of pantoprazole versus other PPIs because it is inaccessible to reducing agents, in contrast to cysteine 813. Pantoprazole is also very stable (has a slow rate of activation) at neutral pH values compared with other PPIs and has a relatively robust plasma concentration-time curve. These agents are important in the management of duodenal ulcers, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-induced ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and dyspepsia, but basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences among them may affect clinical utility.
Stereoselective thermal rearrangement of syn-7-(1,2-butadienyl)-1-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene [syn-7-(3-methylallenyl)-1-methylnorbornene] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective thermal rearrangement of syn-7-(1,2-butadienyl)-1-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene [syn-7-(3-methylallenyl)-1-methylnorbornene]James A. Duncan, Robert T. Hendricks, and Katy S. KwongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 23, 8433–8442Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00179a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views856Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical components for WDM lightwave networks (1997)

Recently, there has been growing interest in developing optical fiber networks to support the increasing bandwidth demands of multimedia applications, such as video conferencing and World Wide Web browsing. One technique for accessing the huge bandwidth available in an optical fiber is wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Under WDM, the optical fiber bandwidth is divided into a number of nonoverlapping wavelength bands, each of which may be accessed at peak electronic rates by an end user. By utilizing WDM in optical networks, we can achieve link capacities on the order of 50 THz. The success of WDM networks depends heavily on the available optical device technology. This paper is intended as a tutorial on some of the optical device issues in WDM networks. It discusses the basic principles of optical transmission in fiber and reviews the current state of the art in optical device technology. It introduces some of the basic components in WDM networks, discusses various implementations of these components, and provides insights into their capabilities and limitations. Then, this paper demonstrates how various optical components can be incorporated into WDM optical networks for both local and wide-area applications. Finally, the paper provides a brief review of experimental WDM networks that have been implemented.
THE METABOLISM OF URETHANE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1965)

1. Urethane is metabolized in the rat, rabbit and man by a process of N-hydroxylation. This occurs to a smaller extent when methyl, n-propyl and n-butyl carbamates are administered to the rat and rabbit. 2. Other metabolites which have been detected in urine of animals dosed with urethane and N-hydroxyurethane are ethylmercapturic acid, ethylmercapturic acid sulphoxide and N-acetyl-S-carbethoxycysteine. 3. Substances which appear to be S-ethylglutathione and S-ethylglutathione sulphoxide have been detected in the bile of rats dosed with urethane or N-hydroxyurethane. 4. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl N-hydroxycarbamates are excreted unchanged in the urine of rats dosed with these compounds to extents depending on the dose administered. 5. Animals dosed with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl carbamate or the corresponding N-hydroxycarbamate excrete the corresponding carbamate and N-hydroxycarbamate in the urine. 6. Methyl, n-propyl and n-butyl carbamates and N-hydroxycarbamates are excreted more slowly than are urethane and N-hydroxyurethane. 7. The probable role of N-hydroxyurethane and the processes of alkylation and carbethoxylation, and of hydroxylamine, nitroxyl and hyponitrous acid in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy with urethane, have been discussed.
Analysis of JAK2 Mutation in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Patients with Monoclonal and Polyclonal X-Chromosome Inactivation Patterns (XCIPs). (2005)

Abstract Background: ET is considered as a hematopoietic stem cell disorder, closely related to polycythemia vera (PV). Several studies in female ET patients, using XCIPs analysis, have shown the persistence of polyclonal patterns in a subset of patients, the significance of this finding being unclear (Blood: 1997;89:128 and 1999;93:417). Patients with polyclonal patterns were suggested to be at lower risk of thrombosis. The mechanism of sustained megakaryocytic proliferation, in the absence of a reactive cause, is still to be found in this disease. The recent description of an activating V617F JAK2 mutation in PV prompted us to study its relevance in ET, especially with respect to XCIPs analysis results. Methods: We looked for V617F JAK2 mutation in whole blood DNA in a series of 43 ET female patients for whom XCIPs had previously been reported by our group (Blood: 1997;89:128). Monoclonal pattern was defined by greater than 75% expression of one allele of an X-chromosome polymorphic gene. ET diagnosis was made according to PVSG criteria, after careful exclusion of PV by red cell mass measurement, CML by karyotype and/or BCR-ABL RT-PCR, and idiopathic myelofibrosis by bone marrow biopsy. V617F JAK2 mutation was screened by direct DNA sequencing (sensitivity of the assay: about 5%). Results: V617F JAK2 mutation was found in 12 of the 43 samples (28%), in agreement with recent reports. No significant differences were found between JAK2 mutated and non-mutated patients for age (43 vs 57 years), clinical symptoms at presentation (33% vs 35%), platelet count (866 vs 907 G/l), or cytoreductive therapy (41% vs 61%), respectively. Of the 35 patients with a monoclonal pattern in granulocytes (and polyclonal T lymphocytes), 8 (23%) had JAK2 mutation, as compared to 4 of the 8 patients (50%) with polyclonal pattern in granulocytes (p=0.185, Fisher’s exact test). Conclusion: The 50% incidence of JAK2 mutation we found in ET patients with a polyclonal pattern of hematopoiesis may be due to a better sensitivity of the JAK2 mutation assay by comparison to XCIPs clonality assays. It shows that many ET with a XCIPs polyclonal pattern are in fact clonal disorders. On the other hand, the absence of JAK2 mutation in about 75% of patients with a monoclonal pattern suggests that other molecular events can lead to clonal megakaryocytic proliferation in a large proportion of ET patients.
Accuracy and multi-core performance of machine learning algorithms for handwritten character recognition (2009)

There have been considerable developments in the quest for intelligent machines since the beginning of the cybernetics revolution and the advent of computers. In the last two decades with the onset of the internet the developments have been extensive. This quest for building intelligent machines have led into research on the working of human brain, which has in turn led to the development of pattern recognition models which take inspiration in their structure and performance from biological neural networks. Research in creating intelligent systems poses two main problems. The first one is to develop algorithms which can generalize and predict accurately based on previous examples. The second one is to make these algorithms run fast enough to be able to do real time tasks. The aim of this thesis is to study and compare the accuracy and multi-core performance of some of the best learning algorithms to the task of handwritten character recognition. Seven algorithms are compared for their accuracy on the MNIST database, and the test set accuracy (generalization) for the different algorithms are compared. The second task is to implement and compare the performance of two of the hierarchical Bayesian based cortical algorithms, Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) and Hierarchical Expectation Refinement Algorithm (HERA) on multi-core architectures. The results indicate that the HTM and HERA algorithms can make use of the parallelism in multi-core architectures.
Biological and Structural Characterization of Glycosylation on Ephrin-A1, a Preferred Ligand for EphA2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2013)

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in a number of malignancies and is activated by ephrin ligands, most commonly by ephrin-A1. The crystal structure of the ligand-receptor complex revealed a glycosylation on the Asn-26 of ephrin-A1. Here we report for the first time the significance of the glycosylation in the biology of EphA2 and ephrin-A1. Ephrin-A1 was enzymatically deglycosylated, and its activity was evaluated in several assays using glioblastoma (GBM) cells and recombinant EphA2. We found that deglycosylated ephrin-A1 does not efficiently induce EphA2 receptor internalization and degradation, and does not activate the downstream signaling pathways involved in cell migration and proliferation. Data obtained by surface plasmon resonance confirms that deglycosylated ephrin-A1 does not bind EphA2 with high affinity. Mutations in the glycosylation site on ephrin-A1 result in protein aggregation and mislocalization. Analysis of Eph/ephrin crystal structures reveals an interaction between the ligand's carbohydrates and two residues of EphA2: Asp-78 and Lys-136. These findings suggest that the glycosylation on ephrin-A1 plays a critical role in the binding and activation of the EphA2 receptor.
A 30 ns 256 Mb DRAM with multi-divided array structure (1993)

A 256-Mb DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) fabricated using 0.25- mu m CMOS technology is described. The DRAM has 16-b I/Os, 30-ns access time, and 35-mA operating current for 60-ns cycle time. Key circuits include a partial cell array activation scheme in a multidivided array structure with a dual word-line format for reducing power-line voltage bounce and operating current, a selective pull-up data-line architecture to increase I/O (input/output) width and to reduce current, and a time-sharing refresh to maintain a conventional refresh period without increasing power-line voltage bounce.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Migraine-like Episodic Pain Behavior in a Dog: Can Dogs Suffer from Migraines? (2013)

Migraines and other primary headache disorders commonly affect people. There is evidence to suggest that migraines can occur in dogs. In this review, we present a dog with paroxysmal episodes that have a striking resemblance to human migraine, and we give an overview of migraine in people. The current classification, clinical signs, and diagnosis in people are discussed, as well as the anatomy of head pain, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and treatment options.