gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional Effects on Network Structure of Highly Cross-Linked Copolymers of PEG-Containing Multiacrylates with Acrylic Acid (1999)

Novel ionizable polymer networks were prepared from oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) multiacrylates and acrylic acid (AA), employing bulk radical photopolymerization techniques. The properties of these materials exhibit a complex dependence on the network structure and composition. Dynamic mechanical analysis and penetrant sorption experiments demonstrated that the cross-linked structure of the materials depends very strongly on the AA content, even in cases where the network chain population is expected to be composed solely of ethylene glycol oligomers. The results indicate that interchain interactions are diminished as the AA content is increased, due to the increased spatial separation of OEG chains. The compositional dependence of the glass transition temperature is qualitatively described by a treatment consistent with that employed for polymer blends, and deviations from ideal blend behavior point to the importance of system-specific free volume changes during the radical polymerization process. Hence, the glass transition temperature and other network properties are closely coupled to the polymerization kinetics.
Phishing defense against IDN address spoofing attacks (2006)

Address spoofing is a common trick used in phishing scams to confuse unsuspecting users about a Web site's real origin. With the introduction of Unicode characters into domain names, also known as Internationalized Domain Names (IDN), the risk has significantly increased even for the most cautious users. The author explores the various types of address spoofing attacks focusing on IDN, and presents a novel client-side Web browser plug-in Quero which implements several techniques---including highlighting---to protect the user against visually undistinguishable address manipulations.
Macbecins I and II, new antitumor antibiotics. II. Isolation and characterization. (1980)

New antitumor antibiotics, macbecins I and II, were isolated from the culture broth of Nocardia sp. No. C-14919. Macbecins I and II belong to the ansamycin group and have a benzoquinone and hydroquinone nucleus, respectively. Both showed antitumor activity against murine leukemia P 388 in vivo.
The imprinted H19 noncoding RNA is a primary microRNA precursor (2007)

Although H19 was the first imprinted noncoding transcript to be identified, the function of this conserved RNA has remained unclear. Here, we identify a 23-nucleotide microRNA derived from H19 that is endogenously expressed in human keratinocytes and neonatal mice and overexpressed in cells transfected with human or mouse H19 expression plasmids. These data demonstrate that H19 can function as a primary microRNA precursor and suggest that H19 expression results in the post-transcriptional downregulation of specific mRNAs during vertebrate development.
Long-term biocompatibility evaluation of a novel polymer-coated stent in a porcine coronary stent model (2003)

This PTFEP stent coating showed a long-term biocompatibility in a porcine coronary stent model. Because no increased proliferative response was observed up to 6 months, this phosphazene coating may serve as a vehicle for local drug delivery.
A Multi-sensor Fusion Framework in 3-D (2013)

The majority of existing image fusion techniques operate in the 2-d image domain which perform well for imagery of planar regions but fails in presence of any 3-d relief and provides inaccurate alignment of imagery from different sensors. A framework for multi-sensor image fusion in 3-d is proposed in this paper. The imagery from different sensors, specifically EO and IR, are fused in a common 3-d reference coordinate frame. A dense probabilistic and volumetric 3-d model is reconstructed from each of the sensors. The imagery is registered by aligning the 3-d models as the underlying 3-d structure in the images is the true invariant information. The image intensities are back-projected onto a 3-d model and every discretized location (voxel) of the 3-d model stores an array of intensities from different modalities. This 3-d model is forward-projected to produce a fused image of EO and IR from any viewpoint.
Treatment of Corticosteroid-Responsive Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease With Methotrexate (2003)

Methotrexate does not appear to be effective in maintaining the hearing improvement achieved with prednisone therapy in patients with AIED.
Mapping Interleaving Laws to Parallel Turbo and LDPC Decoder Architectures (2004)

For high-data-rate applications, the implementation of iterative turbo-like decoders requires the use of parallel architectures posing some collision-free constraints to the reading/writing process from/into the memory. This consideration applies to the two main classes of turbo-like codes, i.e., turbo codes and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Contrary to the literature belief, we prove in this paper that there is no need for an ad hoc code design to meet the parallelism requirement, because, for any code and any choice of the scheduling of the reading/writing operations, there is a suitable mapping of the variables in the memory that grants a collision-free access. The proof is constructive, i.e., it gives an algorithm that obtains the desired collision-free mapping. The algorithm is applied to two simple examples, one for turbo codes and one for LDPC codes, to illustrate how the algorithm works.
Altered Immunity Accompanies Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Prostate Dysplasia (2005)

Increasing evidence suggests that altered immune function accompanies, and indeed may facilitate, cancer progression. In this study, we sought to determine the nature of, and cellular mechanisms underlying, changes in immune status during disease progression in a transgenic mouse model of prostate dysplasia. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as in the secondary lymphoid tissues, displayed altered phenotypes. Although evidence of antitumor immunity was detected, there was a paradoxical decrease in the ability of T cells to proliferate in vitro at later stages of disease progression. Detailed analysis of the draining lumbar lymph nodes revealed an increased frequency and number of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and an enhanced production of inhibitory cytokines, which correlated with impaired T-cell function. Functional studies confirmed a role for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in suppressing T-cell proliferation as well as regulating the growth of transplanted prostate tumor cells. In addition, our studies show for the first time that anti-CD25 antibody treatment reduces, but does not prevent, tumor growth in a transgenic mouse model of prostate dysplasia. Taken together, this work provides compelling evidence that prostate tumor progression is accompanied by altered immune function and, moreover, that regulatory T cells play an important role in this process. These studies thus provide the impetus for development of specific and effective strategies to deplete regulatory T cells, or suppress their function, as an alternative or adjunct strategy for reducing tumor growth.
Ethylene Copolymerization with 1-Octene Using a 2-Methylbenz[e]indenyl-Based ansa-Monocyclopentadienylamido Complex and Methylaluminoxanes Catalyst (1998)

A new effective constrained geometry catalyst precursor for the ethylene/1-octene copolymerization, namely 2-methylbenz[e]indenylamido complex [eta5:eta1-(2-MeBenzInd)SiMe2NtBu]TiCl2 (4), was synthesized. Activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO), the complex 4 showed (a) an improved copolymerization activity and stability, (b) an enhanced comonomer incorporation in the copolymer, and (c) most importantly, an increased copolymer molecular weight, when compared with the previously employed catalysts. The polymerization conditions were found to have a significant effect on the catalyst activity, 1-octene incorporation, molecular weight, and even copolymer microstructure. For the copolymerization parameters, the values rE approximately 2.20 for ethylene and rO approximately 0.55 for 1-octene with rE.rO approximately 1.21 were obtained, reflecting a pronounced tendency for the random distribution of the comonomers in the copolymer chain. The 13C NMR analysis revealed that the E-O copolymer generated by the MAO-activated complex 4 has a regioirregular arrangement of the 1-octene repeat units as a result of some tail-to-tail incorporation of the 1-octene comonomer.
Offloading IDS Computation to the GPU (2006)

Signature-matching intrusion detection systems can experience significant decreases in performance when the load on the IDS-host increases. We propose a solution that off-loads some of the computation performed by the IDS to the graphics processing unit (GPU). Modern GPUs are programmable, stream-processors capable of high-performance computing that in recent years have been used in non-graphical computing tasks. The major operation in a signature-matching IDS is matching values seen operation to known black-listed values, as such, our solution implements the string-matching on the GPU. The results show that as the CPU load on the IDS host system increases, PixelSnort's performance is significantly more robust and is able to outperform conventional Snort by up to 40%
Frzb, a Secreted Wnt Antagonist, Decreases Growth and Invasiveness of Fibrosarcoma Cells Associated with Inhibition of Met Signaling (2008)

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have a strong propensity for aggressive growth and metastasis. We showed that the secreted Wnt antagonist Frzb exhibited potent antitumor activity against prostate cancer, an epithelial type of malignancy. In this study, we further showed the antitumor efficacy of Frzb in STS, a mesenchymal group of cancer. Frzb transfection of HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and SW872 (liposarcoma) cell lines and their conditioned media resulted in a significant reduction in cellular invasion, motility, and colony formation in soft agar compared with vector control-transfected cells. In a xenograft mouse model, Frzb dramatically suppressed tumor growth of HT1080 cells in nude mice. In a tail-vein injection metastatic model, Frzb-transfected HT1080 cells formed fewer and smaller lung nodules than vector control cells. In addition, we identified new mechanisms for Frzb antitumor activities. Frzb reduced c-Met expression and inhibited Met-mediated signaling, associated with up-regulation of epithelial markers (i.e., keratins 8 and 18) and down-regulation of mesenchymal markers (i.e., vimentin, N-cadherin, fibronectin, Slug, and Twist). Similar to Frzb, silencing of c-Met by short hairpin RNA or using a dominant-negative LRP5 receptor also suppressed Met signaling, leading to reduced cellular motility, invasion, and in vivo tumor growth. Given recent studies indicating an important role of c-Met in sarcoma development and progression, our data showed that Frzb expression was significantly inversely correlated with Met expression in both STS cell lines and tissues. These results suggested the usefulness of Frzb in modulating Met signaling as a new treatment strategy for STS.
RNA meets chromatin (2005)

In the universe of science, two worlds have recently collided—those of RNA and chromatin. The intersection of these two fields has been impending, but evidence for such a meaningful collision has only recently become apparent. In this review, we discuss the implications for noncoding RNAs and the formation of specialized chromatin domains in various epigenetic processes as diverse as dosage compensation, RNA interference-mediated heterochromatin assembly and gene silencing, and programmed DNA elimination. While mechanistic details as to how the RNA and chromatin worlds connect remain unclear, intriguing parallels exist in the overall design and machinery used in model organisms from all eukaryotic kingdoms. The role of potential RNA-binding chromatin-associated proteins will be discussed as one possible link between RNA and chromatin.
Achieving high-precision laparoscopic manipulation through adaptive force control (2004)

Abstract In this paper, we present a new solution to laparoscopic manipulation based on forcefeedback control. This method allows us to both explicitely control the forces applied to the patient through the trocar and to precisely control the position of the surgical instrument. It does not require any geometrical model of the operative environment nor any fine robot base placement prior to the instrument insertion. Different adaptive control strategies involving different kinds of sensory equipments are proposed. These strategies are experimentally validated on a laboratory apparatus. An experiment is also presented where a laparoscope held by the robot's arm tracks a target through visual servoing. Keywords: MEDICAL ROBOTICSLAPAROSCOPIC MANIPULATIONFORCE CONTROLVISUAL SERVOING
Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination for Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-Advanced: A Survey (2011)

Heterogeneous networks (het-nets) - comprising of conventional macrocell base stations overlaid with femtocells, picocells and wireless relays - offer cellular operators burgeoning traffic demands through cell-splitting gains obtained by bringing users closer to their access points. However, the often random and unplanned location of these access points can cause severe near-far problems, typically solved by coordinating base-station transmissions to minimize interference. Towards this direction, the 3rd generation partnership project Long Term Evolution-Advanced (3GPP-LTE or Rel-10) standard introduces time-domain inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) for facilitating a seamless deployment of a het-net overlay. This article surveys the key features encompassing the physical layer, network layer and back-hauling aspects of time-domain ICIC in Rel-10.
Fe/Pd Nanoparticle Immobilization in Microfiltration Membrane Pores:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (2006)

Nanosized Fe/Pd bimetallic particles are an important category of materials in the area of reductive degradation of chlorinated organics. In this work, we prepared Fe/Pd nanoparticles in three steps: polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membrane pores, subsequent ion exchange of Fe2+, and chemical reduction (by borohydride) of ferrous ions bound to the carboxylic acid groups. Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were formed by the partial reduction of Pd2+ with Fe0 nanoparticles. The functionalized membrane and the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The membrane-supported nanoparticles exhibited high reactivity in the dechlorination of 2,2‘-dichlorobiphenyl (DiCB) used as a model compound. The dechlorination mechanism and the role of water were probed by conducting the reaction in pure ethanol solution. Bulk Fe/Pd particles were also prepared to investigate the effect of particle size on the catalytic activity. The effect of Pd content on the catalytic activity was studied to understand and quantify the role of Pd in the bimetallic nanoparticle system. The high catalytic activity of Pd was confirmed by the low activation energy compared to those other catalytic systems.
Double-stranded RNA causes synthesis of 2‘,5‘-oligo(A) and degradation of messenger RNA in interferon-treated cells. (1981)

Interferon-treated HeLa cells were incubated with [3H]uridine to label mRNA and were then exposed to the double-stranded RNA poly(inosinic acid).poly(cytidylic acid) (In.Cn). The incubation with In.Cn greatly enhanced the decay of mRNA. When the cells were incubated in this way in the presence of cycloheximide, which blocks ribosome movement along mRNA, extensive polysome degradation was detected in interferon-treated cells. Products of degradation of mRNA were recovered from monosomes which were presumably formed as a result of endonucleolytic breaks of mRNA. This endonucleolytic activity was correlated with the formation of 2',5'-oligo(A) by an enzyme induced by interferon and activated by double-stranded RNA; the 2',5'-oligo(A) was previously shown to activate an endonuclease in cell extracts. The 2',5'-oligo(A) levels in cells were measured by a competition-binding assay. Details of the procedure used are described, including synthesis of highly radioactive (2'-5')pppA3[32P]cytidine 3',5'-diphosphate, separation of 2',5'-oligo(A) binding from degrading activities, and specificity of the assay.
Prolactin/growth hormone–derived antiangiogenic peptides highlight a potential role of tilted peptides in angiogenesis (2006)

Angiogenesis is a crucial step in many pathologies, including tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we show that tilted peptides exert antiangiogenic activity. Tilted (or oblique-oriented) peptides are short peptides known to destabilize membranes and lipid cores and characterized by an asymmetric distribution of hydrophobic residues along the axis when helical. We have previously shown that 16-kDa fragments of the human prolactin/growth hormone (PRL/GH) family members are potent angiogenesis inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that all these fragments possess a 14-aa sequence having the characteristics of a tilted peptide. The tilted peptides of human prolactin and human growth hormone induce endothelial cell apoptosis, inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and inhibit capillary formation both in vitro and in vivo. These antiangiogenic effects are abolished when the peptides' hydrophobicity gradient is altered by mutation. We further demonstrate that the well known tilted peptides of simian immunodeficiency virus gp32 and Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide are also angiogenesis inhibitors. Taken together, these results point to a potential new role for tilted peptides in regulating angiogenesis.
Permanent, Direct His-Bundle Pacing (2000)

A total of 18 patients aged 69+/-10 years who had a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, dilated cardiomyopathy, and normal activation (ie, QRS< or =120 ms) were screened for permanent DHBP using an electrophysiology catheter. In 14 patients, the His bundle could be reliably stimulated. Of these 14, permanent DHBP using a fixed screw-in lead was successful in 12 patients. Radiofrequency atrioventricular node ablation was performed in patients exhibiting a fast ventricular response. All patients received single-chamber rate-responsive pacemakers. Acute pacing thresholds were 2.4+/-1.0 V at a pulse duration of 0.5 ms. Lead complications included exit block requiring reoperative adjustment and gross lead dislodgment. Echocardiographic improvement in heart function was shown by reductions in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension from 59+/-8 to 52+/-6 mm (P</=0.01) and in the end-systolic dimension from 51+/-10 to 43+/-8 mm (P<0.01), with an accompanying increase in fractional shortening from 14+/-7% to 20+/-10% (P=0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 20+/-9% to 31+/-11% (P<0. 01), and the cardiothoracic ratio decreased from 0.61+/-0.06 to 0. 57+/-0.07 (P<0.01). Despite DHBP, 2 patients died at 8 and 36 months. Conclusions-Permanent DHBP is feasible in select patients who have chronic atrial fibrillation and dilated cardiomyopathy. Long-term, DHBP results in a reduction of left ventricular dimensions and improved cardiac function.
Assignment of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708 and related strains with high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity to Clostridium scindens and proposal of Clostridium hylemonae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. (2000)

Unknown Eubacterium-like organisms VPI 12708 and five strains (Y-1113, I-10, M-18, TH-82 and 36S) had high bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylating activity; the unknown Clostridium-like organisms TN-271T and TN-272 also had the same activity. Analysis of their 16S rDNA sequences demonstrated that all strains belong to cluster XIVa of the genus Clostridium (Collins et al., 1994). Strain VPI 12708 and five other strains (Y-1113, I-10, M-18, TH-82 and 36S) formed a single cluster and strains TN-271T and TN-272 formed another single cluster. Clostridium scindens JCM 6567T was the most closely related species for two clusters in the phylogenetic tree. Values for DNA-DNA similarities among C. scindens JCM 6567T, strain VPI 12708 and the other five strains were greater than 70%, showing that these micro-organisms were a single species. Therefore, we identified strain VPI 12708 and the five other strains as C. scindens. In addition, DNA-DNA similarities among C. scindens JCM 6567T, strain TN-271T and strain N-272 revealed that strains TN-271T and TN-272 were distinct from C. scindens JCM 6567T. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA similarity data, it was concluded that strains TN-271T and TN-272 are members of a new species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium hylemonae is proposed. The type strain is strain TN-271T (= JCM 10539T).
A store-and-forward architecture for video-on-demand service (2002)

A store-and-forward architecture is presented that can provide video-on-demand (VOD) as well as other database distribution services. It assumes a B-ISDN network to be in place. The four major elements in this architecture are the information warehouse (IWH), where video material is archived; the central office (CO) server, which contains a processor responsible for service management and a video buffer that interacts directly with network customers; and the customer premise equipment. A requested video program is provided in a real-time fashion from the CO server to the customer. At the information warehouse the video program is retrieved from the archival storage in blocks, and with transfer rates much faster than real-time. Subsequently, it is sent in a bursty mode to the CO servers via high speed trunks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impossible Spaces: Maximizing Natural Walking in Virtual Environments with Self-Overlapping Architecture (2012)

Walking is only possible within immersive virtual environments that fit inside the boundaries of the user's physical workspace. To reduce the severity of the restrictions imposed by limited physical area, we introduce "impossible spaces," a new design mechanic for virtual environments that wish to maximize the size of the virtual environment that can be explored with natural locomotion. Such environments make use of self-overlapping architectural layouts, effectively compressing comparatively large interior environments into smaller physical areas. We conducted two formal user studies to explore the perception and experience of impossible spaces. In the first experiment, we showed that reasonably small virtual rooms may overlap by as much as 56% before users begin to detect that they are in an impossible space, and that the larger virtual rooms that expanded to maximally fill our available 9.14 m x 9.14 m workspace may overlap by up to 31%. Our results also demonstrate that users perceive distances to objects in adjacent overlapping rooms as if the overall space was uncompressed, even at overlap levels that were overtly noticeable. In our second experiment, we combined several well-known redirection techniques to string together a chain of impossible spaces in an expansive outdoor scene. We then conducted an exploratory analysis of users' verbal feedback during exploration, which indicated that impossible spaces provide an even more powerful illusion when users are naive to the manipulation.