gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical extension implants for short-bowel syndrome (2006)

Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, potentially lethal medical condition where the small intestine is far shorter than required for proper nutrient absorption. Current treatment, including nutritional, hormone-based, and surgical modification, have limited success resulting in 30% to 50% mortality rates. Recent advances in mechanotransduction, stressing the bowel to induce growth, show great promise; but for successful clinical use, more sophisticated devices that can be implanted are required. This paper presents two novel devices that are capable of the long-term gentle stressing. A prototype of each device was designed to fit inside a short section of bowel and slowly extend, allowing the bowel section to grow approximately double its initial length. The first device achieves this through a dual concentric hydraulic piston that generated almost 2-fold growth of a pig small intestine. For a fully implantable extender, a second device was developed based upon a shape memory alloy actuated linear ratchet. The proof-of-concept prototype demonstrated significant force generation and almost double extension when tested on the benchtop and inside an ex-vivo section of pig bowel. This work provides the first steps in the development of an implantable extender for treatment of SBS.
From the Coordinator (2009)

No AccessPerspectives on School-Based IssuesCoordinator’s Column1 Mar 2009From the Coordinator Frances K. Block Frances K. Block Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/sbi10.1.2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "From the Coordinator." Perspectives on School-Based Issues, 10(1), pp. 2–3 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 10Issue 1March 2009Pages: 2-3 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Mar 1, 2009 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsasha-sigsasha-article-typesleader-topicsCopyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Lateral Confinement on Order in Spherical Domain Block Copolymer Thin Films (2003)

A topographically patterned substrate can be used to template a large, single crystalline grain of block copolymer spherical domains. Both the geometry of the substrate and the annealing temperature can be used to control the degree of order as well as the crystallographic orientation of the grain. The presence of a hard edge imparts translational order onto the hexatic, which has quasi-long-range orientational order and short-range translational order, and onto the liquid which has short-ranged translational and orientational order. This ordering influence is seen to fade as the distance from the edge increases. As a result, the regions near the edge appear to melt from crystalline order to hexatic by dislocation pair unbinding and then to a liquid through a disclination unbinding transition at higher temperatures than regions far from the edges. Crystalline grains templated by a hard step wall also have superior translational order as compared to those templated by a vacuum edge. The adjacent step also plays a crucial role in determining the grain orientation of the crystalline array on top of a mesa.
Current situation of zalutumumab (2009)

Apart from EGFR inhibition, another anti-neoplastic effect of zalutumumab has also been postulated, mediated by immune mechanisms, specifically by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Zalutumumab is under clinical development, mainly for squamous cell cancer of head and neck and there are also ongoing trials in NSCLC and colorectal cancer.
Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Flavonoids from Pterocarpus marsupium (1993)

Serum lipid levels in rats with hyperlipidemia induced by diet as well as by Triton were determined after oral administration of EtOAc extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood and its flavonoid constituents, marsupsin [1], pterosupin [2], and liquiritigenin [3]. Administration of EtOAc extract for 14 consecutive days produced a significant reduction of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol levels without any significant effect on the level of HDL-cholesterol. Liquiritigenin and pterosupin were able to effect a significant fall in serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index, pterosupin being additionally effective in lowering serum triglyceride.
INSL5 is a novel marker for human enteroendocrine cells of the large intestine and neuroendocrine tumours (2012)

We report for the first time the distribution of human INSL5 and its cognate leucine rich G-protein coupled receptor RXFP4 in the large intestine and in neuroendocrine/carcinoid tissues. Immunoreactive INSL5 was uniquely expressed by enteroendocrine cells (EECs) located within the colonic mucosa, whereas colonocytes were immunopositive for RXFP4. INSL5+ and RXFP4+ cells were also detected in human neuroendocrine/carcinoid tissues. We employed a recently described Insl5 knockout mouse model and 2 mouse models of induced colitis to address the relevance of Insl5 in EEC development and in acute inflammation of the colon. We identified INSL5 as a specific marker for synaptophysin+ EECs in the mucosa of the normal human and mouse colon. Insl5 was not essential for the development of mouse synaptophysin+ EECs. The mouse models of chemically induced colitis (dextran sulfate sodium and dinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid) failed to show changes in the numbers of Insl5+ EECs at inflammatory sites during the acute phase of colitis. In conclusion, we showed that INSL5 is a novel marker of colorectal EECs and provide first evidence for the presence of a potentially autocrine/paracrine INSL5-RXFP4 signaling system in the normal human and mouse colon and in rare human neuroendocrine tumours.
A facile “liquid-molding” method to fabricate PDMS microdevices with 3-dimensional channel topography (2009)

This work deals with a facile "liquid-molding" technology to fabricate PDMS microdevices with complex structured microchannels, the main procedures of which involves: (1) Photo-lithographically fabricating chemical micropatterns of hydrogels on silanized glass substrates to form heterogeneous hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces; (2) Fabricating stable 3D surface relief patterns of a liquid via dip-coating the hydrogel patterned substrate in a polar solution; (3) Fabricating PDMS microfluidic devices via a slightly modified replica molding procedure, using a liquid patterned substrate as the molding template. In addition to its simplicity compared to conventional microfabrication methods, this technology produces microchannels with 3D surface topography, which allows for more flexibility in device design and applications. We discuss the main features of the liquid-molding method as well as the structural characteristics of liquid-molded microchannels. We demonstrate the potential application of these "liquid-molded" PDMS (LM-PDMS) devices by designing a cell trapping microdevice that is capable of trapping multiple or individual cells through simple operation procedures.
Reverse genetics screen identifies six proteins important for malaria development in the mosquito (2008)

Transmission from the vertebrate host to the mosquito vector represents a major population bottleneck in the malaria life cycle that can successfully be targeted by intervention strategies. However, to date only about 25 parasite proteins expressed during this critical phase have been functionally analysed by gene disruption. We describe the first systematic, larger scale generation and phenotypic analysis of Plasmodium berghei knockout (KO) lines, characterizing 20 genes encoding putatively secreted proteins expressed by the ookinete, the parasite stage responsible for invasion of the mosquito midgut. Of 12 KO lines that were generated, six showed significant reductions in parasite numbers during development in the mosquito, resulting in a block in transmission of five KOs. While expression data, time point of essential function and mutant phenotype correlate well in three KOs defective in midgut invasion, in three KOs that fail at sporulation, maternal inheritance of the mutant phenotype suggests that essential function occurs during ookinete formation and thus precedes morphological abnormalities by several days.
Poliovirus chimeras replicating under the translational control of genetic elements of hepatitis C virus reveal unusual properties of the internal ribosomal entry site of hepatitis C virus. (1996)

Chimeric genomes of poliovirus (PV) have been constructed in which the cognate internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element was replaced by genetic elements of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Replacement of PV IRES with nt 9-332 of the genotype Ib HCV genome, a sequence comprising all but the first eight residues of the 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of HCV, resulted in a lethal phenotype. Addition of 366 nt of the HCV core-encoding sequence downstream of the HCV 5'NTR yielded a viable PV/HCV chimera, which expressed a stable, small-plaque phenotype. This chimeric genome encoded a truncated HCV core protein that was fused to the N terminus of the PV polyprotein via an engineered cleavage site for PV proteinase 3CPpro. Manipulation of the HCV core-encoding sequence of this viable chimera by deletion and frameshift yielded results suggesting that the 5'-proximal sequences of the HCV open reading frame were essential for viability of the chimera and that the N-terminal basic region of the HCV core protein is required for efficient replication of the chimeric virus. These data suggest that the bona fide HCV IRES includes genetic information mapping to the 5'NTR and sequences of the HCV open reading frame. PV chimeras replicating under translational control of genetic elements of HCV can serve to study HCV IRES function in vivo and to search for anti-HCV chemotherapeutic agents.
PharmGKB summary (2014)

McDonagh, Ellen M.; Boukouvala, Sotiria; Aklillu, Eleni; Hein, David W.; Altman, Russ B.; Klein, Teri E. Author Information
Rapamycin is active against B-precursor leukemiain vitroandin vivo, an effect that is modulated by IL-7-mediated signaling (2003)

A balance between survival and apoptotic signals regulates B cell development. These signals are tightly regulated by a host of molecules, including IL-7. Abnormal signaling events may lead to neoplastic transformation of progenitor B cells. Signal transduction inhibitors potentially may modulate these abnormal signals. Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) such as rapamycin have been used as immunosuppressive agents. We hypothesized that rapamycin might demonstrate activity against B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We have found that rapamycin inhibited growth of B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia lines in vitro, with evidence of apoptotic cell death. This growth inhibition was reversible by IL-7. One candidate as a signaling intermediate cross-regulated by rapamycin and IL-7 was p70 S6 kinase. Rapamycin also demonstrated in vivo activity in E mu-ret transgenic mice, which develop pre-B leukemia/lymphoma: E mu-ret transgenic mice with advanced disease treated daily with rapamycin as a single agent showed a >2-fold increase in length of survival as compared with symptomatic littermates who received vehicle alone. These results suggest that mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may be effective agents against leukemia and that one of the growth signals inhibited by this class of drugs in precursor B leukemic cells may be IL-7-mediated.
In Vitro Release Studies on Matrix Type Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems of Naltrexone and Its Acetyl Prodrug (2005)

Matrix type acrylic adhesive transdermal patches of naltrexone (NTX) and its 3-O-acetyl ester prodrug were prepared and evaluated for drug content, thickness, and in vitro release characteristics. Among the four DURO-TAK adhesive polymers (87-2516, 87-2054, 87-2501, and 87-2582) tested, 87-2516 proved to be the most suitable and compatible polymer for the transdermal delivery of NTX from NTX and prodrug patches. A linear relationship was observed for release flux (F) and cumulative amount (Mt) values versus 1%, 2%, and 3% drug loading at equimolar levels. The release of NTX from the patches showed a good correlation (R2>0.99) for Mt vs. square root t profiles, indicating that a Higuchian matrix diffusion mechanism of drug release from the transdermal adhesive patches was obtained. Overall, the amounts of NTX released from the prodrug patches were significantly higher than from the NTX patches, at all three drug loading levels.
MicroRNA/mRNA regulatory networks in the control of skin development and regeneration (2012)

Skin development, postnatal growth and regeneration are governed by complex and well-balanced programs of gene activation and silencing. The crosstalk between small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs is highly important for steadiness of signal transduction and transcriptional activities as well as for maintenance of homeostasis in many organs, including the skin. Recent data demonstrated that the expression of many genes, including cell type-specific master transcription regulators implicated in the control of skin development and homeostasis, is regulated by miRNAs. In addition, individual miRNAs could mediate the effects of these signaling pathways through being their downstream components. In turn, the expression of a major constituent of the miRNA processing machinery, Dicer, can be controlled by cell type-specific transcription factors, which form negative feedback loop mechanisms essential for the proper execution of cell differentiation- associated gene expression programs and cell-cell communications during normal skin development and regeneration. This review summarizes the available data on how miRNA/mRNA regulatory networks are involved in the control of skin development, epidermal homeostasis, hair cycle-associated tissue remodeling and pigmentation. Understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that govern skin development and regeneration will contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches for many pathological skin conditions by using miRNA-based interventions.
Gel-Based Indo-1 Probe for Monitoring Calcium(II) Ions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGel-Based Indo-1 Probe for Monitoring Calcium(II) IonsT. Vo-Dinh, P. Viallet, L. Ramirez, and A. PalCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 6, 813–817Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00078a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (521 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The skin microbiome: potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cutaneous disease (2014)

A vast diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and arthropods, colonize the human skin. Culture-independent genomic approaches for identifying and characterizing microbial communities have provided glimpses into the topographical, temporal, and interpersonal complexity that defines the skin microbiome. Identification of changes associated with cutaneous disease, including acne, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis, are being established. In this review, our current knowledge of the skin microbiome in health and disease is discussed, with particular attention to potential opportunities to leverage the skin microbiome as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic tool.
Depth camera SLAM on a low-cost WiFi mapping robot (2012)

Radio-Frequency fingerprinting is an interesting solution for indoor localization. It exploits existing telecommunication infrastructure, such as WiFi routers, along with a database of signal strengths at different locations, but requires manually collecting signal measurements along with precise position information. To automatically build signal maps, we use an autonomous, self-localizing, low-cost mobile robotic platform. Our robot relies on the Kinect depth camera that is limited by a narrow field of view and short range. Our two-stage localization architecture first performs real-time obstacle-avoidance-based navigation and visual-based odometry correction for bearing angles. It then uses RGB-D images for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. We compare the applicability of 6-degrees-of-freedom RGB-D SLAM, and of particle filtering 2D SLAM algorithms and present novel ideas for loop closures. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the robot for WiFi localization in an office space.
Which drug or drug delivery system can change clinical practice for brain tumor therapy? (2013)

The prognosis and treatment outcome for primary brain tumors have remained unchanged despite advances in anticancer drug discovery and development. In clinical trials, the majority of promising experimental agents for brain tumors have had limited impact on survival or time to recurrence. These disappointing results are partially explained by the inadequacy of effective drug delivery to the CNS. The impediments posed by the various specialized physiological barriers and active efflux mechanisms lead to drug failure because of inability to reach the desired target at a sufficient concentration. This perspective reviews the leading strategies that aim to improve drug delivery to brain tumors and their likelihood to change clinical practice. The English literature was searched for defined search items. Strategies that use systemic delivery and those that use local delivery are critically reviewed. In addition, challenges posed for drug delivery by combined treatment with anti-angiogenic therapy are outlined. To impact clinical practice and to achieve more than just a limited local control, new drugs and delivery systems must adhere to basic clinical expectations. These include, in addition to an antitumor effect, a verified favorable adverse effects profile, easy introduction into clinical practice, feasibility of repeated or continuous administration, and compatibility of the drug or delivery system with any tumor size and brain location.
Altered Expression of novH Is Associated with Human Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis (2001)

NOVH belongs to the CCN (CTGF/CYR61/NOV) family of proteins, some of which have chemotactic, mitogenic, adhesive, and angiogenic properties. Whereas ctgf and cyr61 are growth factor-inducible, immediate-early genes, nov is expressed in growth-arrested or quiescent cells. As nov expression has been shown to be altered in both avian and human nephroblastomas and to be a target of WT1 regulation, NOV may play important roles in normal nephrogenesis and the development of Wilms' tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in novH expression were associated with tumorigenesis in tissues other than those of the kidney. We showed by Northern blotting and immunohistochemistry that among human adult endocrine tissues, the adrenal gland is a major site of novH expression, and that in adult and fetal adrenal tissue, novH is primarily expressed in the adrenal cortex. Studies with 12 benign and 18 malignant adrenocortical tumors revealed that the levels of novH mRNA and protein decreased significantly (P < 0.004) with progression of adrenocortical tumors from a benign to a malignant state. Although the localization of NOVH did not change, the N-glycosylation profile of benign and malignant tumors differed considerably from that of normal adrenocortical tissue, and these differences may affect the biochemical properties of the molecule. The properties of NOVH here provide the first evidence that this member of the CCN family could be involved in adrenocortical tumor development.
Combination Treatment with HER-2 and VEGF Peptide Mimics Induces Potent Anti-tumor and Anti-angiogenic Responses in Vitro and in Vivo (2011)

HER-2 is a member of the EGF receptor family and is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers. HER-2 overexpression causes increased expression of VEGF at both the RNA and protein levels. HER-2 and VEGF are therefore considered good targets for cancer treatment, which has led to the development of two humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAb) pertuzumab and bevacizumab. Although passive immunotherapy with these Abs are approved for treatment of advanced breast cancer, a number of concerns exist. Treatment is expensive, has a limited duration of action, and is usually accompanied by serious side effects. We hypothesized that therapy with conformational peptide mimics aimed at blocking receptor-ligand interaction is potentially safer with little toxicity, cheaper with a longer half-life, and has greater penetrating abilities than mAbs. We designed and synthesized peptides based on the binding of HER-2 with pertuzumab and VEGF with VEGFR2. We show that treatment with the peptide mimics induces potent anti-tumor responses in vitro as determined by cell viability, proliferation, and HER2 phosphorylation assays. We also demonstrate in a transplantable BALB/c mouse tumor model that treatment with the peptide mimics resulted in a greater delay in tumor growth and development. Similarly, treatment with the peptide mimics inhibited angiogenesis in vivo as assessed by a Matrigel plug assay. To address the problem of degradability of L-amino acid peptides in vivo, we synthesized the retro-inverso D-peptide mimics that resulted in higher efficacy in treatment. Our study shows that combination treatment with HER-2 and VEGF peptide mimics provides greater efficacy than individual treatments.
Egg Dipping in Hydrogen Peroxide Solution to Eliminate Salmonella typhimurium from Eggshell Membranes (1995)

The effectiveness of egg dipping in a 6% hydrogen peroxide solution to eliminate Salmonella typhimurium from eggshell membranes was evaluated. The first step was to assess the water uptake from broiler hatching eggs dipped in tap water once or twice using a positive-pressure differential method in order to determine the best method to use in the disinfection trials. Double dipping increased water uptake by 86% more than single dipping. Dipping S. typhimurium-contaminated eggs twice in a 6% hydrogen peroxide solution reduced the average number of organisms in eggshell membranes by 95% and the number of S. typhimurium-positive eggs by 55% compared with the infected untreated group. Dipping the eggs in a 6% hydrogen peroxide solution did not adversely affect hatchability.
Effects of rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on intraocular pressure and outflow facility. (2001)

Administration of Y-27632 caused a reduction in IOP and an increase in the outflow facility. The in vitro experiments suggest that the IOP-lowering effects of Y-27632 may be related to the altered cellular behavior of TM cells and relaxation of CM contraction. These studies suggest that ROCK inhibitors may have great potential to be developed for treatment of glaucoma and other ocular diseases.