gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future trends in weight management. (1999)

Although advances have been made in the treatment of obese and overweight patients, no "magic bullet" yet exists. Future targets for pharmacotherapy include the OB protein leptin, neuropeptide, beta 3-adrenergic receptors, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and protein kinase A. Cholecystokinin, bombesin, and glucogen-like peptide-1, receptors for gastrointestinal hormones, offer potential future pharmacologic agents that enhance energy expenditure, and they have proven promising for the development of appetite-suppressant pharmacotherapy. Receptor agonists for each of these proteins have been shown to be useful as appetite suppressants and reducing meal size. This article discusses various research modalities currently under consideration. Despite rapid strides toward an ideal antiobesity agent, the role of diet, exercise, and behavior modification must be considered the cornerstone for any potential future pharmacotherapy.
Phase I, Dose-Escalation Study of BKM120, an Oral Pan-Class I PI3K Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (2011)

This study demonstrates feasibility and proof-of-concept of class I PI3K inhibition in patients with advanced cancers. BKM120, at the MTD of 100 mg/d, is safe and well tolerated, with a favorable PK profile, clear evidence of target inhibition, and preliminary antitumor activity.
Uncovering of Functional Alternative CTLA-4 Counter-Receptor in B7-Deficient Mice (1993)

B7 delivers a costimulatory signal through CD28, resulting in interleukin-2 secretion and T cell proliferation. Blockade of this pathway results in T cell anergy. The in vivo role of B7 was evaluated with B7-deficient mice. These mice had a 70 percent decrease in costimulation of the response to alloantigen. Despite lacking B7 expression, activated B cells from these mice bound CTLA-4 and GL1 monoclonal antibody, demonstrating that alternative CTLA-4 ligand or ligands exist. These receptors are functionally important because the residual allogenic mixed lymphocyte responses were blocked by CTLA4Ig. Characterization of these CTLA-4 ligands should lead to strategies for manipulating the immune response.
Suppression of tumor formation in vivo by expression of the JE gene in malignant cells. (1991)

The early growth response gene JE encodes a monocyte chemoattractant, MCP-1. The JE/MCP-1 protein attracts and stimulates human monocytes and induces monocyte-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro. Expression of human or murine JE/MCP-1 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells completely suppressed their ability to form tumors in nude mice. Coinjection of JE/MCP-1-expressing cells with nonexpressing CHO cells or with HeLa cells also prevented tumor formation. Since JE/MCP-1 expression had no discernible effect on the tranformed phenotype of these cells in vitro, the suppressive effect depends on host animal factors. These factors are likely to be components of the inflammatory response, because JE/MCP-1-expressing cells elicited a predominantly monocytic infiltrate at the site of injection. Our results suggest that JE/MCP-1 protein may be useful in cancer therapy.
Self-Assembled Mono- and Multilayers of Terminally Functionalized Organosilyl Compounds on Silicon Substrates (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSelf-Assembled Mono- and Multilayers of Terminally Functionalized Organosilyl Compounds on Silicon SubstratesStephan Heid, Franz Effenberger, Karin Bierbaum, and Michael GrunzeView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyCite this: Langmuir 1996, 12, 8, 2118–2120Publication Date (Web):April 17, 1996Publication History Received30 May 1995Revised9 January 1996Published online17 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la9504164https://doi.org/10.1021/la9504164brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Layers,Molecules,Monolayers,Optical properties,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Genetically Modified Human Keratinocytes Overexpressing PDGF-A Enhance the Performance of a Composite Skin Graft (1998)

Skin loss due to burns and ulcers is a major medical problem. Bioengineered skin substitutes that use cultured keratinocytes as an epidermal layer with or without analogues of the dermis are one strategy for skin repair. However, none can achieve definitive wound closure, function, or cosmesis comparable to split-thickness autografts. Moreover, autograft donor sites, which require time to heal, may be limited or have attendant problems such as infection or functional/cosmetic deficiencies. To determine if the performance of composite skin grafts of keratinocytes on a dermal analogue could be enhanced, human keratinocytes were genetically modified to overexpress platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-A). Composite grafts of modified keratinocytes seeded onto acellular dermis, prepared from cryopreserved cadaver skin, secreted PDGF-AA protein in vitro [90 ng/graft (1.5 x 1.5 cm)/24 hr]. To test their performance in a wound healing model, composite grafts were transplanted to full-thickness excisional wounds on the back of athymic mice. PDGF-A grafts formed a stratified differentiated epidermis similar to control grafts. The acellular dermis was repopulated with host fibrovascular cells and by day 7, the PDGF-A grafts had significantly more cells in the dermis and increased staining for murine collagen types I and IV. At this early time point, wound contraction was also significantly inhibited in PDGF-A grafts versus control grafts. Thus, PDGF-A overexpression improves graft performance during the first critical week after transplantation.
Altered localization of Drosophila Smoothened protein activates Hedgehog signal transduction (2003)

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical for many developmental events and must be restrained to prevent cancer. A transmembrane protein, Smoothened (Smo), is necessary to transcriptionally activate Hh target genes. Smo activity is blocked by the Hh transmembrane receptor Patched (Ptc). The reception of a Hh signal overcomes Ptc inhibition of Smo, activating transcription of target genes. Using Drosophila salivary gland cells in vivo and in vitro as a new assay for Hh signal transduction, we investigated the regulation of Hh-triggered Smo stabilization and relocalization. Hh causes Smo to move from internal membranes to the cell surface. Relocalization is protein synthesis-independent and occurs within 30 min of Hh treatment. Ptc and the kinesin-related protein Costal2 (Cos2) cause internalization of Smo, a process that is dependent on both actin and microtubules. Disruption of endocytosis by dominant negative dynamin or Rab5 prevents Smo internalization. Fly versions of Smo mutants associated with human tumors are constitutively present at the cell surface. Forced localization of Smo at the plasma membrane activates Hh target gene transcription. Conversely, trapping of activated Smo mutants in the ER prevents Hh target gene activation. Control of Smo localization appears to be a crucial step in Hh signaling in Drosophila.
Interpretation and theory of tunneling experiments on single nanostructures (2002)

We discuss the interpretation of tunneling experiments on single molecules or semiconductor quantum dots weakly coupled to metallic electrodes. We identify the main features in the current-voltage curves and in the conductance using an extension of the theory of single charge tunneling. We analyze important quantities, such as the charging energy and the quasiparticle gap, providing simple rules to interpret the experiments. We discuss the limitations of the capacitance model to describe the system. We show that at a bias larger than the band-gap energy of the nanostructure the tunneling of both electrons and holes must be taken into account. We use self-consistent tight-binding calculations to illustrate these points and provide a comparison with recent experimental results on InAs nanocrystals.
Renal medullary and urinary oxygen tension during cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat (2016)

Renal hypoxia could result from a mismatch in renal oxygen supply and demand, particularly in the renal medulla. Medullary hypoxic damage is believed to give rise to acute kidney injury, which is a prevalent complication of cardiac surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To determine the mechanisms that could lead to medullary hypoxia during CPB in the rat kidney, we developed a mathematical model which incorporates (i) autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, (ii) detailed oxygen transport and utilization in the renal medulla and (iii) oxygen transport along the ureter. Within the outer medulla, the lowest interstitial tissue P$_{\rm O2}$, which is an indicator of renal hypoxia, is predicted near the thick ascending limbs. Interstitial tissue P$_{\rm O2}$ exhibits a general decrease along the inner medullary axis, but urine P$_{\rm O2}$ increases significantly along the ureter. Thus, bladder urinary P$_{\rm O2}$ is predicted to be substantially higher than medullary P$_{\rm O2}$. The model is used to identify the phase of cardiac surgery performed on CPB that is associated with the highest risk for hypoxic kidney injury. Simulation results indicate that the outer medulla's vulnerability to hypoxic injury depends, in part, on the extent to which medullary blood flow is autoregulated. With imperfect medullary blood flow autoregulation, the model predicts that the rewarming phase of CPB, in which medullary blood flow is low but medullary oxygen consumption remains high, is the phase in which the kidney is most likely to suffer hypoxic injury.
The Intuitive/sup TM/ telesurgery system: overview and application (2002)

The paper briefly describes daVinci/sup TM/, a surgical telerobot designed to provide enhanced dexterity to doctors performing minimally invasive surgical procedures. The rationale for a full 7-degree-of-freedom master-slave system is presented along with a discussion of the resulting computational architecture and recent clinical applications.
<title>Processing of TerraSAR-X payload data: first results</title> (2007)

TerraSAR-X is Germany's new radar remote sensing flagship. It carries an advanced high-resolution X-band SAR instrument. The key element of the system is the active phased array antenna nominally operated with a bandwidth of 100 MHz or 150 MHz and an experimental 300 MHz capability. The instrument's flexibility with respect to electronic beam steering and pulse-to-pulse polarization switching allows the acquisition of SAR data in Stripmap, Spotlight and ScanSAR imaging configurations in different polarization modes for a wide range of incidence angles. The mission is implemented in the framework of a public-private partnership between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and EADS Astrium GmbH Germany and will provide high resolution SAR data products for commercial use and scientific exploitation. Processing of the payload data will be performed at DLR's Payload Ground Segment (PGS) for TerraSAR-X. The central part of PGS is the TerraSAR Multi-Mode SAR Processor (TMSP) focusing the SAR data in a unified way for the different imaging configurations. A wide range of processing options spanning from phase preserving complex products in slant range geometry to orthorectified terrain corrected intensity images lead to a comprehensive collection of SAR product types and variants. During the 5 months lasting commissioning phase the complete processing chain will be properly tuned and adjusted. The TMSP algorithms have to be configured, e.g. thresholds for calibration pulse analysis, estimation window sizes for SAR data analysis, parameterization of estimation algorithms. Also the configuration of product variants with respect to resolution and radiometric quality will be checked and refined. This paper shortly reviews the different imaging configurations and product variants and gives a report on the SAR processor checkout activities and presents the first results.
Clinical evaluation of an inspiratory impedance threshold device during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest* (2005)

During this first clinical trial of the impedance threshold device during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation, use of the new device more than doubled short-term survival rates in patients presenting with pulseless electrical activity. A larger clinical trial is underway to determine the potential longer term benefits of the impedance threshold device in cardiac arrest.
Peptide Mapping by CNBr Degradation on a Nitrocellulose Membrane with Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide Mapping by CNBr Degradation on a Nitrocellulose Membrane with Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass SpectrometryJian. Bai, Mark G. Qian, Yanhui. Liu, Xiaoli. Liang, and David M. LubmanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 10, 1705–1710Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00106a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00106a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose Transporter Proteins in Human Insulinoma (1994)

Our data are compatible with the concept that continued glucose transport, mediated by the low-Km Glut 1 glucose transporter, was responsible for continued insulin release during hypoglycemia in these patients.
Involvement of the cis/trans Isomerase Cti in Solvent Resistance of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E (1999)

Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is a solvent-resistant strain that is able to grow in the presence of high concentrations of toluene. We have cloned and sequenced the cti gene of this strain, which encodes the cis/trans isomerase, termed Cti, that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of esterified fatty acids in phospholipids, mainly cis-oleic acid (C(16:1,9)) and cis-vaccenic acid (C(18:1,11)), in response to solvents. To determine the importance of this cis/trans isomerase for solvent resistance a Cti-null mutant was generated and characterized. This mutant showed a longer lag phase when grown with toluene in the vapor phase; however, after the lag phase the growth rate of the mutant strain was similar to that of the wild type. The mutant also showed a significantly lower survival rate when shocked with 0.08% (vol/vol) toluene. In contrast to the wild-type strain, which grew in liquid culture medium at temperatures up to 38.5 degrees C, the Cti-null mutant strain grew significantly slower at temperatures above 37 degrees C. An in-frame fusion of the Cti protein with the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase suggests that this constitutively expressed enzyme is located in the periplasm. Primer extension studies confirmed the constitutive expression of Cti. Southern blot analysis of total DNA from various pseudomonads showed that the cti gene is present in all the tested P. putida strains, including non-solvent-resistant ones, and in some other Pseudomonas species.
Equipotent inhibition of gastric acid secretion by equal doses of oral or intravenous pantoprazole (1998)

These results imply that the two formulations of pantoprazole can be assumed to be equipotent. Hence, the intravenous formulation of pantoprazole could be considered as an alternative route of administration.
Mechanisms of ionomycin-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction (1997)

Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation catalyzed by the Ca(2+)- calmodulin-dependent MLC kinase (MLCK) is critical to thrombin-mediated endothelial cell gap formation and barrier dysfunction. We have tested the hypothesis that the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin stimulates MLCK-dependent endothelial cell contraction and permeability. Ionomycin significantly increased albumin clearance and decreased electrical resistance across confluent bovine pulmonary microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cell monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner that was temporally similar to that produced by thrombin. In contrast, however, ionomycin produced a significant Ca(2+)-dependent reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MLC with evidence of serine/threonine phosphatase activation. Potential MLCK-independent mechanisms of endothelial cell permeability were examined with little evidence to support a role for stimulated nitric oxide synthase or phospholipase A2 activities. Importantly, ionomycin produced 1) reductions in the activities of the barrier protective adenylate cyclase and the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A, 2) dramatic dose- and time-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell tyrosine kinase activities, and 3) marked decreases in the phosphotyrosine content of the p125 focal adhesion kinase. These data indicate that ionomycin produces endothelial cell barrier dysfunction by mechanisms that are independent of MLCK activation and may involve reductions in endothelial cell tethering forces via inhibition of protein kinase A and tyrosine kinase activities, especially the p125 focal adhesion kinase.
The Effect of Hemopoietic Growth Factors on the Generation of Osteoclast-Like Cells in Mouse Bone Marrow Cultures (1990)

Multinucleated cells containing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were produced in mouse bone marrow cultures in response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These cells resemble osteoclasts in their morphology, possess receptors for calcitonin, and resorb bone in culture. The effects of several hemopoietic regulatory proteins on the generation of these cells were examined in this study. Interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage-stimulating factor (GMCSF), and macrophage-stimulating factor strongly inhibited generation of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-containing multinucleated cells with approximate EC50 values of 3, 6, and 3 colony-forming units/ml, respectively. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, interleukin-6, and leukemia inhibitory factor had no effect on the generation of these cells. In addition, we observed that the number of these cells was reduced when the bone marrow was plated at high cell density, and that this inhibitory effect was reversed by the addition of neutralizing antibodies directed against GMCSF. These findings suggest that GMCSF and other hemopoietic factors secreted by cells in the bone marrow regulate development of the osteoclast-like cells, possibly by diverting common precursor cells to alternate pathways.
A New Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-thiazolines (2-Aminodihydro-1,3-thiazoles) (1977)

2-Phenylamino-2-thiazolines are readily prepared under mild conditions by the reaction of aniline with %-iodoisothiocyanates Ammonia.and primary and secondary alkylamines
Affordable avian radar surveillance systems for natural resource management and BASH applications (2005)

Affordable avian surveillance radar systems have been developed for natural resource management (NRM) and bird air strike hazard (BASH) applications. The system design described herein demonstrates that affordable, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) marine radars combined with COTS personal computers (PCs) and sophisticated radar processing software can meet system requirements. Real performance data obtained using the Navy's eBirdRad radar unit installed at Patuxent River Naval Air Station demonstrate a significant advancement in state-of-the-art bird detection and tracking. This provides the impetus for maturing the technology into fully operational systems.
Quality of life in patients with psoriasis: the contribution of clinical variables and psoriasis-specific stress (1997)

The purpose of this study was: (i) to examine the impact of the clinical severity, anatomical location and treatment of psoriasis on patients' quality of life, and (ii) to investigate the effects of perceptions of psoriasis-related stress on patients' physical and mental health and on areas of disability in everyday life. All patients (n = 204) attending a psoriasis specialty clinic were invited to complete a multidimensional quality of life assessment comprising the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI), the SF-36 Health Survey and the Psoriasis Life Stress Inventory (PLSI). Results (n = 150) indicated that overall clinical severity of psoriasis as assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and duration of psoriasis, were unrelated to impairment in any areas of quality of life. Anatomical location (social visibility) of psoriasis was associated with self-report of poor physical health (P = 0.01), and there was a modest association with patients' mental health (P = 0.04); however, anatomical location of psoriasis was not significantly associated with self-reported disability in everyday life, or stress scores. Patients who were classified as more reactive to the stress associated with psoriasis (78% of the sample) were functioning less well in terms of their mental health (P = 0.001) and also experienced significantly more disability in all areas of everyday life (P = 0.001). Differences in method of treatment for psoriasis did not significantly affect scores on the psoriasis-specific (PDI; PLSI) or generic (SF-36) quality of life measures. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that stress resulting from anticipating other people's reactions to their psoriasis contributed more to the variance in patients' disability in everyday life than any other medical or health status variable. The results support the importance of assessing the effects of stress in patients' adjustment to their condition and may indicate a role for adjunctive psychological stress management training for a significant number of patients with psoriasis.