gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse Array Synthesis of Complex Antenna Elements (2015)

Arrays of antennas can significantly improve the performances and extend the capabilities of single-element antennas. However, antenna arrays are expensive solutions and therefore it is critical to keep the costs to a minimum. Aperiodic arrays can minimize the number of elements and thus the costs, however their design is far more challenging than uniform arrays, for which well-known, closed-form solutions are available.Stochastic global optimization techniques can employ complex antenna models and specifications but suffer from high computational complexity. Analytical methods, on the other hand, can handle any problem size but they are limited to simplified models and specifications.In this thesis we propose a new deterministic method for the design of large aperiodic sparse arrays of realistic and complex antennas. The method is based on the Compressive Sensing theory which has been extended to account for EM phenomena and complex specifications.In the first part, the hybridization of the method with the full-wave analysis is discussed. Starting from the design in the absence of mutual coupling the array is iteratively refined through an EM analysis until convergence is reached. Results for a linear array of dipoles show the successful correction for the strong coupling degradation which turns out to give rise to a reduction in the number of elements as well. For a planar array of horn antennas the effects are less pronounced but still important in the cross polar levels.In the second part the method is extended to multi-beam optimization. The array is designed for phase scanning applications when deformations due to phase shifter quantization and mutual coupling effects are considered. Results show that the method accurately synthesizes multi-spot beamforming arrays, although an increase in the number of elements is observed.Finally, the effects of layout and excitation symmetries have been investigated as a means to reduce the array manufacturing cost. It is shown that, by enforcing a symmetry, the design can be simplified at the expense of an increase in the number of antenna elements.
Prognostic Use of Circulating Plasma Nucleic Acid Concentrations in Patients with Acute Stroke (2003)

Plasma DNA concentrations correlate with stroke severity and may be used to predict mortality and morbidity in the emergency room.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mobilizes neural progenitors from the subventricular zone to undergo oligodendrogenesis in adult mice (2002)

The destiny of the mitotically active cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in adult rodents is to migrate to the olfactory bulb, where they contribute to the replacement of granular and periglomerular neurons. However, these adult neural progenitors also can be mobilized in periventricular white matter and triggered to differentiate into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in response to lysolecithin-induced demyelination. To mimic the environmental conditions of multiple sclerosis, we assessed the proliferation, migration, and differentiation potential of adult SVZ progenitor cells in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Inflammation and demyelination were observed in all mouse brains after EAE induction. EAE induced cell proliferation throughout the brain and especially within the lesions. Proliferating cells were neural progenitors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursors. EAE enhanced the migration of SVZ-derived neural progenitors to the olfactory bulb and triggered their mobilization in the periventricular white matter. The mobilized cells gave rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the olfactory bulb but essentially to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the lesioned white matter. Our data indicate that the adult mouse SVZ is a source of newly generated oligodendrocytes and thus may contribute, along with oligodendrocyte precursors, to the replacement of oligodendrocytes in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis.
Effect of Vericiguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, on Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Patients With Worsening Chronic Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01951625.
Traveling wave electrode design for ultra compact carrier-injection HBT-based electroabsorption modulator in a 130nm BiCMOS process (2014)

Silicon photonic system, integrating photonic and electronic signal processing circuits in low-cost silicon CMOS processes, is a rapidly evolving area of research. The silicon electroabsorption modulator (EAM) is a key photonic device for emerging high capacity telecommunication networks to meet ever growing computing demands. To replace traditional large footprint Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) type modulators several small footprint modulators are being researched. Carrier-injection modulators can provide large free carrier density change, high modulation efficiency, and compact footprint. The large optical bandwidth and ultra-fast transit times of 130nm HBT devices make the carrierinjection HBT-based EAM (HBT-EAM) a good candidate for ultra-high-speed optical networks. This paper presents the design and 3D full-wave simulation results of a traveling wave electrode (TWE) structure to increase the modulation speed of a carrier-injection HBT-EAM device. A monolithic TWE design for an 180um ultra compact carrier-injection-based HBT-EAM implemented in a commercial 130nm SiGe BiCMOS process is discussed. The modulator is electrically modeled at the desired bias voltage and included in a 3D full-wave simulation using CST software. The simulation shows the TWE has a S11 lower than -15.31dB and a S21 better than -0.96dB covering a bandwidth from DC-60GHz. The electrical wave phase velocity is designed close to the optical wave phase velocity for optimal modulation speed. The 3D TWE design conforms to the design rules of the BiCMOS process. Simulation results show an overall increase in modulator data rate from 10Gbps to 60Gbps using the TWE structure.
DNA-binding Specificity Is a Major Determinant of the Activity and Toxicity of Zinc-finger Nucleases (2007)

The engineering of proteins to manipulate cellular genomes has developed into a promising technology for biomedical research, including gene therapy. In particular, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), which consist of a nonspecific endonuclease domain tethered to a tailored zinc-finger (ZF) DNA-binding domain, have proven invaluable for stimulating homology-directed gene repair in a variety of cell types. However, previous studies demonstrated that ZFNs could be associated with significant cytotoxicity due to cleavage at off-target sites. Here, we compared the in vitro affinities and specificities of nine ZF DNA-binding domains with their performance as ZFNs in human cells. The results of our cell-based assays reveal that the DNA-binding specificity--in addition to the affinity--is a major determinant of ZFN activity and is inversely correlated with ZFN-associated toxicity. In addition, our data provide the first evidence that engineering strategies, which account for context-dependent DNA-binding effects, yield ZFs that function as highly efficient ZFNs in human cells.
Inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by heparin. II. In vitro studies. (1980)

We studied in vitro the effects heparin on the growth of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Measurements of growth were monitored by [3H]thymidine uptake and changes in cell number over a period of 3 days. Our results show that heparin-highly anticoagulant or nonanticoagulant-significantly inhibits growth of smooth muscle cells. We also show that this is a highly specfic interaction with regard to molecule and cell type: i.e., other polyanions, except for a low molecular weight dextran sulfate, do not have the same effect on growth, and not all cells are inhibited by heparin; e.g., endothelial cell growth actually is enhanced. After removing antithrombin from our media, we carried out experiments which show that heparin is effective even though thrombin, a potent mitogenic agent, is still present and active. We also found that passing the platelet extract over a heparin column did not remove all of the motogenic activity of the platelet preparation. Both experiments indicate an inhibitory role for the heparin molecule, per se. Our results support the findings of a recent paper (Guyton et al., 1980) showing that heparin can limit the size of myointimal plaques in rats after carotid injuries by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Synthesis of and Ethylene Polymerization Using Iminophosphonamide Complexes of Group 4 (1999)

Efficient syntheses of iminophosphonamide [R2P(NR‘)NHR‘] complexes of group 4 via amine elimination reactions and the solid-state structures of [R2P(NR‘)2]2ZrCl2 and mixed Cp[R2P(NR‘)2]ZrCl2 complexes are reported. These complexes are active, ethylene, polymerization catalysts (106−107 g PE/mol Zr × h) in the presence of MAO and provide high molecular weight poly(ethylene) with narrow molecular weight distributions.
Advances in preclinical small molecules for the treatment of NSCLC (2009)

Small molecules with known targets, such as inhibitors for EGFR, VEGF, RAS-RAF-MAP kinase pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, histone deacetylase, protein phosphatase, topoisomerase, cyclin dependent kinases, heat-shock protein, tubulin, DNA and MET are reviewed. Other novel small molecules with potent efficacy without target information are also discussed.
Human mucosal leishmaniasis: Neutrophils infiltrate areas of tissue damage that express high levels of Th17‐related cytokines (2010)

Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is characterised by severe tissue destruction. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of the IL-17-type response in the inflammatory infiltrate of biopsy specimens from 17 ML patients. IL-17 and IL-17-inducing cytokines (IL-1β, IL-23, IL-6 and TGF-β) were detected by immunohistochemistry in ML patients. IL-17(+) cells exhibited CD4(+), CD8(+) or CD14(+) phenotypes, and numerous IL-17(+) cells co-expressed the CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). Neutrophils, a hallmark of Th17-mediated inflammation, were regularly detected in necrotic and perinecrotic areas and stained positive for neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase and MMP-9. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the existence of Th17 cells in ML lesions associated with neutrophils in areas of tissue injury and suggest that IL-17 is involved in ML pathogenesis.
Phosphorylation-Driven Protein−Protein Interactions:  A Protein Kinase Sensing System (2005)

A highly flexible protein kinase sensing system is described that furnishes severalfold changes in fluorescence in response to phosphorylation. A library of Src kinase peptide substrates was prepared that contained different environmentally sensitive fluorophores positioned at various sites on the active site directed sequence. Robust changes in fluorescent intensity were observed in the presence of a phosphotyrosine binding domain protein (Lck SH2 domain), which furnishes a hydrophobic environment for the fluorophore. This protein kinase sensing system has the advantages that the fluorescent indicator can be unobtrusively positioned on the peptide substrate, and that different environmentally sensitive fluorophores with distinct photophysical properties can be employed.
Determination of stroke volume and cardiac output during exercise: comparison of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, Fick oximetry, and thermodilution. (1987)

Simultaneous estimates of cardiac output were made during graded upright maximal exercise in 10 male subjects by means of Doppler velocity spectrum of ascending aortic flow, apical two-dimensional echocardiograms, thermodilution, and Fick oximetry. In 15 subjects, aortic annular and root diameters were measured during similar exercise from parasternal two-dimensional echocardiograms. The linear correlation between Doppler, two-dimensional echocardiography, and the invasive estimates ranged from r = .78 to r = .92. Both echocardiographic techniques were able to predict changes in invasive flow estimates with reasonable accuracy. Two-dimensional echocardiographic flow estimates underestimated invasive values by about 60%. The accuracy of Doppler flow estimates varied with the method of estimating aortic cross-sectional area. Greatest accuracy was obtained with areas calculated from diameters measured at the aortic value anulus with the leading edge-to-leading edge method of measurement. Correlation coefficients comparing Doppler and thermodilution flow estimates were generally higher (r = .75 to .96, mean .86) for individuals than for the group, but accuracy of the Doppler estimates in single subjects was quite variable. Aortic diameters did not increase from rest to moderate levels of upright exercise. A 3% to 5% increase in resting aortic diameter was noted in the upright posture as compared with the supine. Doppler flow estimates were obtained in all subjects to maximal exertion but in only a minority of subjects with two-dimensional echocardiography or thermodilution. Thus two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography offer a noninvasive means of estimating cardiac output during vigorous exercise. The Doppler technique is technically more suitable to the study of exercise than two-dimensional echocardiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DNA condensation for gene therapy as monitored by atomic force microscopy (1998)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to assay the extent of DNA condensation in approximately 100 different complexes of DNA with polylysine (PL) or PL covalently attached to the glycoproteins asialoorosomucoid (AsOR) or orosomucoid (OR). The best condensation of DNA was obtained with 10 kDa PL covalently attached to AsOR, at a lysine:nucleotide (Lys:nt) ratio of 5:1 or higher. These conditions produce large numbers of toroids and short rods with contour lengths of 300-400 nm. Some DNA condensation into shortened thickened structures was seen with 10 kDa PL attached to AsOR at Lys:nt ratios of 1.6:1 and 3:1. Some DNA condensation was also seen with 4 kDa PL at Lys:nt ratios of 3:1 and higher. Little DNA condensation was seen with PL alone or with PL convalently attached to OR at Lys:nt ratios up to 6:1. AsOR-PL enhanced gene expression in the mouse liver approximately 10- to 50-fold as compared with PL alone.
Foundations of sequence-based software specification (2003)

Rigorous specification early in the software development process can greatly reduce the cost of later development and maintenance, as well as provide an explicit means to manage risk and identify and meet safety requirements. Sequence-based software specification is a collection of techniques for implementing rigorous, practical software specification. The primary result of this research is the sequence enumeration method of specification writing. Straightforward, systematic enumeration of all sequences to produce an arguably complete, consistent, and traceably correct specification is made practical by controlling the growth of the process.
Skeletal Isomerization of n-Butane Catalyzed by an Acidic Cesium Salt of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid (1993)

Abstract A salt of H3PW12O40, Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40, catalyzed efficiently the skeletal isomerization of n-butane to isobutane at 300 °C. The activity and selectivity were much higher than those of SO22−/ZrO2. H-ZSM-5 was more active than Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40, but the selectivity was very low.
GARNET: A detailed on-chip network model inside a full-system simulator (2009)

Until very recently, microprocessor designs were computation-centric. On-chip communication was frequently ignored. This was because of fast, single-cycle on-chip communication. The interconnect power was also insignificant compared to the transistor power. With uniprocessor designs providing diminishing returns and the advent of chip multiprocessors (CMPs) in mainstream systems, the on-chip network that connects different processing cores has become a critical part of the design. Transistor miniaturization has led to high global wire delay, and interconnect power comparable to transistor power. CMP design proposals can no longer ignore the interaction between the memory hierarchy and the interconnection network that connects various elements. This necessitates a detailed and accurate interconnection network model within a full-system evaluation framework. Ignoring the interconnect details might lead to inaccurate results when simulating a CMP architecture. It also becomes important to analyze the impact of interconnection network optimization techniques on full system behavior. In this light, we developed a detailed cycle-accurate interconnection network model (GARNET), inside the GEMS full-system simulation framework. GARNET models a classic five-stage pipelined router with virtual channel (VC) flow control. Microarchitectural details, such as flit-level input buffers, routing logic, allocators and the crossbar switch, are modeled. GARNET, along with GEMS, provides a detailed and accurate memory system timing model. To demonstrate the importance and potential impact of GARNET, we evaluate a shared and private L2 CMP with a realistic state-of-the-art interconnection network against the original GEMS simple network. The objective of the evaluation was to figure out which configuration is better for a particular workload. We show that not modeling the interconnect in detail might lead to an incorrect outcome. We also evaluate Express Virtual Channels (EVCs), an on-chip network flow control proposal, in a full-system fashion. We show that in improving on-chip network latency-throughput, EVCs do lead to better overall system runtime, however, the impact varies widely across applications.
CELL COUPLING IN THE RETINA: PATTERNS AND PURPOSE (1998)

Gap junction channels (electrical synapses) are a major component of the central nervous system mediating both electrical and metabolic coupling between neurons and glia. Their roles are as diverse as the cell types in which they are expressed and only some of these are reviewed here. In the adult the plastic nature of the gap junction channel allows for changes in the writing of the retinal circuitry that optimize visual processing to suit ambient lighting conditions. Gap junctional communication has been proposed to play a key role in embryonic development in general and in particular during the development of the retina where its roles may include control of neurogenesis, cell specification, synaptogenesis, and the synchronization of the spontaneous electrical activity required for the sharpening of central visual projections. Here we review gap junctional coupling within the retina and present data correlating gap junction expression with development events in the chick retina.
Prostate-specific antigen (2000)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of men with prostate cancer. Significant advances have been made since the early development of immunoassays. While PSA is useful for staging and monitoring of established disease, it has shown the greatest utility in the realm of early detection realm. PSA is the most important tumor marker; its importance in evaluating men for the possibility of prostate cancer is irrefutable. Enhancing specificity is a pressing need. In this regard, the recognition of the molecular forms of free PSA and complex PSA have shown the most promise and undoubtedly will result in fewer false-positive PSA test results. The salient literature is reviewed and commentary made on the current status of PSA with particular emphasis on methods to enhance its specificity in early detection and applications. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 18:3–9, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Humoral immune reactivity to feline leukemia virus and associated antigens in cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus. (1980)

The humoral antibody response of cats infected naturally with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) was measured by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Cats that became persistently viremic developed lower antibody levels than did cats which recovered from the infection. Cats that were viremic for 2 to 36 weeks prior to recovery had variable enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay values that overlapped with the values seen in both nonviremic and persistently viremic cats. There was a strong correlation between antibody levels against FeLV and antibodies to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen in sera from cats which recovered from FeLV infection but not in sera from cats that were persistently viremic. Sera from persistently viremic and recovered cats were analyzed by a combination of gel electrophoresis and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, a procedure which permitted the levels of antibodies to each of the protein components of purified FeLV to be quantitated. Sera from recovered cats contained antibodies reactive against the five major FeLV struc tural proteins (gp73, p27, p15, p12, p10) and against eight additional antigenic components with apparent molecular weight values of 58,000, 47,000, 36,000, 24,000, 17,000, 15,700, 12,000, and 8,500. The major antibody reactivity was directed against the 58,000-dalton protein. Sera from persist ently viremic cats also contained antibodies to all of these components but at a significantly reduced level. The 17,000- and 15,700-dalton proteins were cross-reactive with a monoclonal antibody to the p15(E) of murine leukemia virus, and the 47,000-dalton protein appeared to be antigenically related to actin. The 58,000-, 36,000-, and 24,000-dalton species contained gag gene homology as judged by their cross-reactivity with sera specific for gag proteins. Feline on cornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen reference sera were found to exhibit high reactivity against p15(E). It is concluded that antibodies specific for not only gp73 but also for gag gene-coded proteins and polyproteins are impor tant in protection against FeLV infection.
Effect of Nortriptyline on Symptoms of Idiopathic Gastroparesis (2013)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00765895.
CAMDEX: A Standardised Instrument for the Diagnosis of Mental Disorder in the Elderly with Special Reference to the Early Detection of Dementia (1986)

A new interview schedule for the diagnosis and measurement of dementia in the elderly is described. The schedule named the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX), consists of three main sections: A structured clinical interview with the patient to obtain systematic information about the present state, past history and family history; a range of objective cognitive tests which constitute a mini-neuropsychological battery; a structured interview with a relative or other informant to obtain independent information about the respondent's present state, past history and family history. The CAMDEX is acceptable to patients, has a high inter-rater reliability and the cognitive section has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity.