gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SE DAN A CONOCER NUEVOS NOMBRAMIENTOS (2000)

EL RECTOR JUAN RAMON DE LA FUENTE CONTINUA CONFORMANDO SU EQUIPO DE TRABAJO, POR LO QUE SE DIERON A CONOCER CINCO NOMBRAMIENTOS EN LAS SECRETARIAS ADMINISTRATIVA, EN LA GENERAL, EN LA DE LA RECTORIA Y EN LA COORDINACION DE LA INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA. EN LA DIRECCION GENERAL DE OBRAS Y CONSERVACION FUE DESIGNADO EL MAESTRO XAVIER CORTES ROCHA, QUIEN ES PROFESOR DE LA FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA, DONDE FUE DIRECTOR, Y RECIENTEMENTE SECRETARIO GENERAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD. LA DIRECCION GENERAL DE PROTECCION A LA COMUNIDAD DESAPARECE COMO TAL Y SE TRANSFORMA EN DIRECCION GENERAL DE SERVICIOS GENERALES, AL FRENTE DE LA CUAL ESTAR  EL LICENCIADO IGNACIO MEDINA BELLMUNT, QUIEN HA OCUPADO DIVERSOS PUESTOS EN EL SECTOR SALUD, EL M S RECIENTE COMO DELEGADO DEL ISSSTE EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS. EN LA SECRETARIA GENERAL, LA DOCTORA ROSAURA RUIZ ASUME LA DIRECCION GENERAL DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO. ES PROFESORA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, HA SIDO CONSEJERA UNIVERSITARIA Y ES MIEMBRO DEL SISTEMA NACIONAL DE INVESTIGADORES Y AUTORA DE NUMEROSOS ARTICULOS EN REVISTAS DE CIRCULACION NACIONAL E INTERNACIONAL. EL DOCTOR GUILLERMO PULIDO ES EL NUEVO TITULAR DEL CENTRO DE ENSENANZA PARA EXTRANJEROS. EN LOS ULTIMOS ANOS, SE DESEMPENO COMO DIRECTOR DE LA ESCUELA DE EXTENSION DE LA UNAM EN SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. LA DOCTORA JULIETA FIERRO FUE DESIGNADA COMO DIRECTORA GENERAL DE DIVULGACION DE LA CIENCIA DE LA COORDINACION DE LA INVESTIGACION CIENTIFICA. INVESTIGADORA DEL INSTITUTO DE ASTRONOMIA, ES RECONOCIDA EN MEXICO Y EL EXTRANJERO POR SU TRAYECTORIA EN ESTE CAMPO; ES AUTORA DE NUMEROSOS TRABAJOS QUE LE HAN VALIDO IMPORTANTES RECONOCIMIENTOS, POR PONER AL ALCANCE DEL PUBLICO LOS AVANCES DEL CONOCIMIENTO CIENTIFICO.
The Effect of Cold Air Application on Intra-Articular and Skin Temperatures in the Knee (2002)

The present study was performed to investigate the effect on the skin and the intra-articular structures of 5-minutes of cold air application. During and after 5 minutes of cold air application on 20 healthy subjects, the skin and intra-articular temperatures were measured by means of an infrared thermogram and a digital k-wire probe, respectively. The results showed that 1) Skin temperature dropped very rapidly by a total of 22.1 degrees C after 5 minutes of cold air application. 2) Intra-articular temperature dropped by 3.9 degrees C after 5 minutes of cold air application. 3) Two hours after the start of treatment with cold air, intra-articular temperatures had still not returned to their baseline values (p < 0.01). 4) The baseline skin temperature and the baseline intra-articular temperature were significantly correlated r=0.51 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the skin temperature change and the intra-articular temperature change after 5 minutes and after two hours of cold air application. Finally, 5) a significant correlation r=-0.72 (p < 0.01) between the body mass index and the baseline skin temperatures was found. There was no significant correlation between the body mass index and the temperature changes, at the skin or in the knee joint, either during or after cryotherapy (p > 0.05).
Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit (1993)

Currently the materials with the highest thermoelectric figure of merit Z are ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ alloys. Therefore these compounds are the best thermoelectric refrigeration elements. However, since the 1960s only slow progress has been made in enhancing Z, either in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ alloys or in other thermoelectric materials. So far, the materials used in applications have all been in bulk form. In this paper, it is proposed that it may be possible to increase Z of certain materials by preparing them in quantum-well superlattice structures. Calculations have been done to investigate the potential for such an approach, and also to evaluate the effect of anisotropy on the figure of merit. The calculations show that layering has the potential to increase significantly the figure of merit of a highly anisotropic material such as ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$, provided that the superlattice multilayers are made in a particular orientation. This result opens the possibility of using quantum-well superlattice structures to enhance the performance of thermoelectric coolers.
Hearing Loss and Hair Cell Death in Mice Given the Cholesterol-Chelating Agent Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (2012)

Cyclodextrins are sugar compounds that are increasingly finding medicinal uses due to their ability to complex with hydrophobic molecules. One cyclodextrin in particular, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), is used as a carrier to solubilize lipophilic drugs and is itself being considered as a therapeutic agent for treatment of Niemann-Pick Type C disease, due to its ability to mobilize cholesterol. Results from toxicological studies suggest that HPβCD is generally safe, but a recent study has found that it causes hearing loss in cats. Whether the hearing loss occurred via death of cochlear hair cells, rendering it permanent, was unexplored. In the present study, we examined peripheral auditory function and cochlear histology in mice after subcutaneous injection of HPβCD to test for hearing loss and correlate any observed auditory deficits with histological findings. On average, auditory brainstem response thresholds were elevated at 4, 16, and 32 kHz in mice one week after treatment with 8,000 mg/kg. In severely affected mice all outer hair cells were missing in the basal half of the cochlea. In many cases, surviving hair cells in the cochlear apex exhibited abnormal punctate distribution of the motor protein prestin, suggesting long term changes to membrane composition and integrity. Mice given a lower dose of 4,000 mg/kg exhibited hearing loss only after repeated doses, but these threshold shifts were temporary. Therefore, cyclodextrin-induced hearing loss was complex, involving cell death and other more subtle influences on cochlear physiology.
Phylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the ? complex? determined from multigene sequence analyses (2003)

Species of Saccharomyces, Arxiozyma, Eremothecium, Hanseniaspora (anamorph Kloeckera), Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Pachytichospora, Saccharomycodes, Tetrapisispora, Torulaspora, and Zygosaccharomyces, as well as three related anamorphic species assigned to Candida (C. castellii, C. glabrata, C. humilis), were phylogenetically analyzed from divergence in genes of the rDNA repeat (18S, 26S, ITS), single copy nuclear genes (translation elongation factor 1alpha, actin-1, RNA polymerase II) and mitochondrially encoded genes (small-subunit rDNA, cytochrome oxidase II). Single-gene phylogenies were congruent for well-supported terminal lineages but deeper branches were not well resolved. Analysis of combined gene sequences resolved the 75 species compared into 14 clades, many of which differ from currently circumscribed genera.
A High-throughput Screening Procedure for Identifying Mice with Aberrant Taste and Oromotor Function (2002)

Little is known about how specific genes influence taste function in mammals. One of the most promising ways to fill this void is to screen the progeny of chemically mutagenized (or genetically altered) mice for aberrant taste phenotypes and then identify the mutated gene(s) that is associated with each taste anomaly. To exploit this approach, a high-throughput and robust screening procedure is needed. We have attempted to meet this demand by developing an automated procedure that assesses taste responsiveness of individual mice to palatable and unpalatable taste stimuli. We focused on three taste stimuli (quinine hydrochloride, QHCl; sodium chloride, NaCl; and sucrose) and one mouse strain (C57BL/6). We used a commercially available gustometer system that both monitors the licking responses of mice and controls the presentation of each taste stimulus during successive 5 s trials. We describe a screening procedure that (after 2 days of simple training) can generate a concentration-response curve for NaCl or sucrose during a single 30 min test session, and for QHCl over three 30 min test sessions. A normative database based on the responses of 98 mice subjected to our screening procedure is also presented. We envision that investigators could use this normative database to assess taste function in the progeny of mutagenized (or genetically altered) mice. Any mouse that deviates significantly-e.g. three standard deviations (SD)-from the mean of the normative database would be flagged as having a potentially interesting mutation. We also developed an additional second screen for identifying mice with oromotor abnormalities. This latter screen is necessary because oromotor problems could lead to false positives or negatives in the screen for taste function, but is also useful for researchers interested in genes influencing oromotor circuitry. Throughout the development of the screening protocol, we sought to balance two conflicting demands: the need to maximize the screen's sensitivity and minimize its duration. This screen represents a significant improvement over the common two-bottle preference test because it assesses taste function more specifically and in a fraction of the time.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL MELTING AND RESOLIDIFICATION OF A TWO-COMPONENT METAL POWDER LAYER IN SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING PROCESS (2004)

Abstract Selective laser sintering (SLS) of metal powder is an emerging technology by which metal parts can be fabricated in a layer by layer fashion. SLS of the first layer is modeled as melting and resolidification of a metal powder layer subject to a moving heat source on top, while the bottom is adiabatic. SLS of the consecutive layer is modeled as melting and resolidification of a metal powder layer on top of the existing multiple resolidified layers. The results indicate that the thicknesses of the loose metal powder layer, the moving heat source intensity, and the scanning velocity have significant effects on the sintering process in both the first layer and each subsequent layer. A parametric study is performed, and the best combination of processing parameters is recommended. Support for this work by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-02-1-0356 is gratefully acknowledged.
Second-Strand Genome Conversion of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (AAV-2) and AAV-5 Is Not Rate Limiting following Apical Infection of Polarized Human Airway Epithelia (2003)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (rAAV-5) is known to efficiently transduce airway epithelia via apical infection. In contrast, rAAV-2 has been shown to be inherently ineffective at transducing airway epithelia from the apical surface. However, tripeptide proteasome inhibitors (such as LLnL) can dramatically enhance rAAV-2 transduction from the apical surface of human polarized airway epithelia by modulating the intracellular trafficking and processing of the virus. To further investigate potential differences between rAAV-2 and rAAV-5 that might explain their altered ability to transduce airway epithelia from the apical membrane, we examined the functional involvement of the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and rate-limiting aspects of second-strand synthesis for these two rAAV serotypes. To this end, we conducted studies to compare the extent to which LLnL alters transduction efficiencies with both rAAV-2 and rAAV-2/5 by using luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter vectors. Our results demonstrate that the coadministration of LLnL at the time of viral infection significantly enhanced transduction of both rAAV-2/5 and rAAV-2 from the apical surface of airway epithelia. Although rAAV-2/5 was slightly more effective at transducing epithelia from the apical membrane, rAAV-2 transduction was superior to that of rAAV-2/5 in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. Interestingly, the basolateral membrane entry pathways for both serotypes were not significantly affected by the addition of LLnL, which suggests that apical and basolateral infectious pathways possess distinctive intracellular processing pathways for both rAAV-2 and rAAV-5. Studies comparing the transduction of short self-complementary (scAAV) to full-length conventional AAV EGFP vectors suggested that second-strand synthesis of rAAV genomes was not rate limiting for either serotype or altered by proteasome inhibitors following apical infection of polarized airway epithelia. These findings suggest that both rAAV-2 and rAAV-5 share similar intracellular viral processing barriers that involve the ubiquitin/proteasome system, but do not appear to involve second-strand synthesis.
Parathyroid hormone treatment for osteoporosis (2008)

Purpose of review There has recently been a dramatic expansion of clinical investigation of parathyroid hormone (PTH). There are no other anabolic agents on the horizon at the current time but clearly there are a large number of questions that remain about this powerful agent for osteoporosis. Recent findings The present study reviews clinical trials using PTH alone and in combination and sequence with antiresorptive agents in postmenopausal women and briefly overviews trials in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men. PTH will be referred to as teriparatide when it is the recombinant human PTH(1–34) fragment produced by Lilly (Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) or the human PTH(1-34) produced by biochemical synthetic methods (Bachem, California, USA); and PTH(1-84) as the intact human recombinant molecule developed by NPS Pharmaceuticals (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA). PTH without other designation denotes either of the compounds. Summary Because PTH improves microarchitecture, macroarchitecture and mass of bone, it might produce better long-term protection against fracture, when given first and followed by antiresorptive therapy, compared with antiresorptive agents alone. Results of studies on combination therapy must distinguish previously untreated vs. previously treated individuals. PTH should be considered in women with persistent osteoporosis on established bisphosphonates or raloxifene, in which adding PTH might produce better results than switching to PTH. There are still many unanswered questions concerning PTH therapy, one of the most important being the optimal regimen.
Enzymatic and physiological properties of the tungsten‐substituted molybdenum TMAO reductase from Escherichia coli (1999)

The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase of Escherichia coli is a molybdoenzyme that catalyses the reduction of the TMAO to trimethylamine (TMA) with a redox potential of +130 mV. We have successfully substituted the molybdenum with tungsten and obtained an active tungsto-TMAO reductase. Kinetic studies revealed that the catalytic efficiency of the tungsto-substituted TMAO reductase (W-TorA) was increased significantly (twofold), although a decrease of about 50% in its kcat was found compared with the molybdo-TMAO reductase (Mo-TorA). W-TorA is more sensitive to high pH, is less sensitive to high NaCl concentration and is more heat resistant than Mo-TorA. Most importantly, the W-TorA becomes capable of reducing sulphoxides and supports the anaerobic growth of a bacterial host on these substrates. The evolutionary implication and mechanistic significance of the tungsten substitution are discussed.
Pressure-induced phases in a thermotropic polyester (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure-induced phases in a thermotropic polyesterBenjamin S. Hsiao, M. T. Shaw, and E. T. SamulskiCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 2, 543–545Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00180a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00180a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities (2003)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine (CpG) dinucleotides (CpG ODN) mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA and are recognized by the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). CpG ODN of the B-Class stimulate strong B cell and NK cell activation and cytokine production. The highest degrees of NK stimulation as well as IFN-alpha secretion by plasmacytoid DC were found to occur only with A-Class ODN. A third class of CpG ODN combines the immune effects of A- and B-Class CpG ODN. C-Class ODN strongly stimulate B cell or NK cell activation and IFN-alpha production. In contrast to the A-Class, the C-Class is wholly phosphorothioate, has no poly-G stretches, but has palindromic sequences combined with stimulatory CpG motifs. All classes stimulate TLR9-dependent signaling, but with strikingly different dose-response relationships that are quite in contrast to those observed for IFN-alpha. Effects similar to those on human cells were observed on mouse splenocytes. In contrast, splenocytes from TLR9-deficient mice did not show any response to the three CpG ODN classes. In vivo studies demonstrate that C-Class ODN are very potent Th1 adjuvants. C-Class ODN may represent new therapeutic drugs that combine the effects of A- and B-Class ODN for broad applications in infectious disease or cancer therapy.
Comparison of in Vitro P-Glycoprotein Screening Assays:  Recommendations for Their Use in Drug Discovery (2003)

The ATP-dependent drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) affects the absorption and disposition of many compounds. P-gp may also play role in clinically significant drug-drug interactions. Therefore, it is important to find potential substrates or inhibitors of P-gp early in the drug discovery process. To identify compounds that interact with this transporter, several P-gp assays were validated and compared by testing a set of 28 reference compounds, including inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). The assays included in silico predictions, inhibition assays (based on cellular uptake of rhodamine-123 or calcein AM), and functional assays (ATPase activity assay and transcellular transport assay, the latter for a subset of compounds). In addition, species differences were studied in an indirect fluorescence indicator screening assay and test systems expressing porcine, mouse, or human P-gp. Our results suggest that several P-gp assays should be used in combination to classify compounds as substrates or inhibitors of P-gp. Recommendations are given on screening strategies which can be applied to different phases of the drug discovery and development process.
Efficient and mild lactonization method for the synthesis of macrolides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient and mild lactonization method for the synthesis of macrolidesE. J. Corey and Kyriacos C. NicolaouCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5614–5616Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4503Altmetric-Citations448LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of dietary compounds on alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N'-nitrosonornicotine in rat target tissues. (1984)

Male F344 rats were pretreated with various dietary compounds, and the effects of pretreatment on the in vitro alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine or N'-nitrosonornicotine were determined in assays with liver microsomes or cultured esophagus, respectively. Dietary compounds included phenols, cinnamic acids, coumarins, indoles, and isothiocyanates. Pretreatments were carried out either by administering the compound by gavage 2 hr prior to sacrifice (acute protocol) or by adding the compound to the diet for 2 weeks (chronic protocol). Acute pretreatment with benzyl isothiocyanate, allyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, and benzyl thiocyanate but not sodium thiocyanate inhibited formation of alpha-hydroxylation products of both nitrosamines. When the chronic pretreatment protocol was used, only phenyl isothiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate inhibited formation of alpha-hydroxylation products of both nitrosamines. Pretreatments with butylated hydroxyanisole, p-methoxyphenol, or N-acetylcysteine had little, if any, effect on the alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine or N'-nitrosonornicotine. Chronic pretreatment with p-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3- methoxycinnamic acid, coumarin, umbelliferone, limetine , indole, indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-acetonitrile, and L-tryptophan induced activity for the alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine. The results of this study indicate that isothiocyanates are possible candidates for further study as potential inhibitors of carcinogenesis by N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N'-nitrosonornicotine.