gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
El Camino Hacia la ¿Nueva Comunicación¿: breve Apunte Sobre las Aportaciones de la Escuela de Palo Alto (2004)

Desde el primer tercio del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, la teoría de la comunicación se ha ido construyendo desde perspectivas muy diferentes. Desde la teoría físico-matemática de Shannon y Weaver, conocida como ¿Teoría matemática de la información¿, hasta la teoría psicológica con base a la percepción...
Unpassivated p -GaN/AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with 7.1 W/mm at 10 GHz (2003)

A novel gate process utilising SiO2 to cover the recess sidewall on the drain side of a p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor is presented. Improvements in breakdown voltage and output power are demonstrated with no degradation in small-signal performance.
Competitive antagonism at thromboxane receptors in human platelets (1985)

The inhibitory effects of three prostanoid analogues, EP 045, EP 092 and pinane thromboxane A2 (PTA2), on the aggregation of human platelets in vitro have been investigated. In diluted platelet-rich plasma (PRP), EP 045 (20 microM) and EP 092 (1 microM) completely inhibited irreversible aggregation responses to thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) and five chemically stable thromboxane mimetics, including 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 and 9,11-azo-PGH2. Reversible aggregation produced by the prostanoid analogue, CTA2, was also inhibited. The block of the stable agonist action was surmountable. In plasma-free platelet suspensions EP 045 and EP 092 were more potent antagonists. Schild analysis indicated a competitive type of antagonism for EP 045 (affinity constant of 1.1 X 10(7) M-1); the nature of the EP 092 block is not clear. Primary aggregation waves induced by ADP, platelet activating factor (Paf) and adrenaline were unaffected by EP 045 and EP 092, whereas the corresponding second phases of aggregation were suppressed. Aggregation and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release induced by either PGH2 or 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 were inhibited in a parallel manner by EP 045. Inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis is not involved in these effects. EP 045 and EP 092 did not raise adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in the platelet suspensions. In plasma-free platelet suspensions PTA2 produced a shape change response which could be blocked by EP 045. PTA2, therefore, has a thromboxane-like agonist action. The block of the aggregatory action of 11,9-epoxymethano-PGH2 by PTA2 appears to be mainly due to competition at the thromboxane receptor. However, PTA2 produced a slight rise in cyclic AMP levels; this could be due to a very weak stimulant action on either PGI2 or PGD2 receptors present in the human platelet. Functional antagonism by PTA2 may therefore augment its thromboxane receptor blocking activity. The results are discussed in terms of (a) the specificity of antagonism produced by EP 045, EP 092 and PTA2, (b) the validity of affinity constant determinations for receptor antagonists when aggregation is the biological response, and (c) the characteristics of the human platelet thromboxane receptor in comparison with those of thromboxane receptors in smooth muscle.
A High Frequency Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond MISFET With ${f}_{{\text{T}}}/{f}_{\max}$ of 70/80 GHz (2018)

A high frequency hydrogen-terminated diamond metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) with extremely small source-drain distance of about 350 nm was realized by self-aligned process on (001)-oriented single crystal diamond substrate. To suppress the gate leakage current, a low temperature Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film was deposited as the gate insulator by inductance coupled plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. A low ohmic contact resistance of 1.84 Q·mm was measured by using transmission line method. The fabricated 100 nm gate length MISFET shows a high current density of 585 mA/mm and a high transconductance of 206 mS/mm. By minimizing the parasitic parameters of the device, a high current gain cut-off frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 70 GHz and maximum frequency of oscillation f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 80 GHz have been realized.
Multiple Applications For Replication‐Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors (2001)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a neurotropic DNA virus. The viral genome is large (152 kb), and many genes are dispensable for viral function, allowing insertion of multiple or large transgene expression cassettes. The virus life cycle includes a latent phase, during which the viral genome remains as a stable episomal element within neuronal nuclei for the lifetime of the host, without disturbing normal function. We have exploited these features of HSV to construct a series of nonpathogenic gene therapy vectors that efficiently deliver therapeutic and experimental transgenes to neural and non-neural tissue. Importantly, transgene expression may be sustained long term; reporter gene expression has been demonstrated for over a year in the nervous system. This article discusses the generation of replication-defective HSV vectors and reviews recent studies investigating their use in several animal models of human disease. We have demonstrated correction or prevention of a number of important neurological phenotypes, including neurodegeneration, chronic pain, peripheral neuropathy, and malignancy. In addition, HSV-mediated transduction of non-neurological tissues allows their use as depot sites for synthesis of circulating and locally acting secreted proteins. New applications for this vector system include the genetic modification of stem cell populations; this may become an important means to direct cellular differentiation or deliver therapeutic genes systemically. Replication-defective HSV vectors are an effective and flexible vehicle for the delivery of transgenes to numerous tissues, with multiple applications.
The synovial expression and serum levels of interleukin‐6, interleukin‐11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin m in rheumatoid arthritis (1997)

IL-6, IL-11, LIF, and OSM are all produced in large amounts at the site of disease activity, but IL-6 derived from synovial fibroblasts may be the major hormone-like mediator that induces the hepatic synthesis of acute-phase proteins in RA.
Quantification of Tau in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Immunoaffinity Enrichment and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2014)

Combining immunoaffinity enrichment with microflow LC-MS/MS analysis is an effective approach for the development of a highly selective assay to measure total tau and, potentially, other posttranslationally modified forms of tau in CSF.
Sub-100 nm Channel Length Graphene Transistors (2010)

Here we report high-performance sub-100 nm channel length graphene transistors fabricated using a self-aligned approach. The graphene transistors are fabricated using a highly doped GaN nanowire as the local gate with the source and drain electrodes defined through a self-aligned process and the channel length defined by the nanowire size. This fabrication approach allows the preservation of the high carrier mobility in graphene and ensures nearly perfect alignment between source, drain, and gate electrodes. It therefore affords transistor performance not previously possible. Graphene transistors with 45-100 nm channel lengths have been fabricated with the scaled transconductance exceeding 2 mS/μm, comparable to the best performed high electron mobility transistors with similar channel lengths. Analysis of and the device characteristics gives a transit time of 120-220 fs and the projected intrinsic cutoff frequency (f(T)) reaching 700-1400 GHz. This study demonstrates the exciting potential of graphene based electronics in terahertz electronics.
Directed Self‐Assembly of Spherical Particles on Patterned Electrodes by an Applied Electric Field (2005)

Self-assembly of 100 μm spheres on a patterned electrode under the influence of an applied electric field is demonstrated. This process occurs for ordered arrays and arbitrary patterns, over areas up to ∼0.7 cm2, with a defect rate (e.g., missing spheres or extra spheres, circled in Figure) of about 1 %. These arrays of microspheres can be transferred into polymeric matrices, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane), polyurethane, and epoxy.
Some characteristics of 3.2 um injection lasers based on InAsSb/InAsSbP system (1991)

Broad-area stripe geometry lasers are developed with DH InAs(0.95)Sb(0.05)/InAs(0.50)Sb(0.19)P(0.31) structures, and the emission characteristics are investigated. The lasers are grown by LPE on 100 plane InAs and emit at up to 110 K and at near 3.2 microns at 77 K with evidence of some longitudinal modes. The threshold current density at 3.2 microns is approximately 1.5 kA/sq cm corresponding to a characteristic temperature of 38 K and a quantum differential external efficiency of 4-5 percent per face above threshold. The Auger effect is predominant at temperatures of about 300 K corresponding to a threshold current density of about 30 kA/sq cm, whereas the threshold current density at low temperatures is governed by nonradiative recombination on deep centers. An internal quantum efficiency evaluation demonstrates that the maximum temperature for laser operation is 240 K.
Solvent sublation of iron(III) chloride by tri-n-octylamine (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent sublation of iron(III) chloride by tri-n-octylamineJacob. Elhanan and Barry L. KargerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 4, 671–674Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60273a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (467 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
From boron analogues of amino acids to boronated DNA: potential new pharmaceuticals and neutron capture agents (1991)

Abstract
Localization of cell surface sites involved in fibronectin fibrillogenesis. (1987)

Fibronectin binding sites on cultured human fibroblasts were localized by high voltage electron microscopy using either 5- or 18-nm colloidal gold beads (Au5 or Au18) bound to intact fibronectin, the 70-kD amino-terminal fragment of fibronectin that blocks incorporation of exogenous fibronectin into extracellular matrix, or 160-180-kD fragments of fibronectin with cell adhesion and heparin-binding activities. Binding sites for Au18-fibronectin on the cell surface were localized to specific regions along the edge of the fibroblast and on retraction fibers. Au18-fibronectin complexes at these sites were initially localized in clusters that co-aligned with intracellular microfilament bundles. With longer incubations, Au18-fibronectin complexes were arranged into long fibrillar networks on the cell surface and in the extracellular space. The appearance of Au18-fibronectin in these fibrillar networks and disappearance of clusters of Au18-fibronectin suggest that Au18-fibronectin complexes are arranged into matrix at specific regions of the cell surface. Au18-70-kD fragment complexes initially had a similar distribution to Au18-fibronectin complexes. With longer incubations, Au18-70-kD fragment complexes were found in long linear arrangements on the cell surface. Double labeling experiments using Au18-70-kD fragment and Au5-160-180-kD fragments showed that the 70-kD fragment and the 160-180-kD fragments bind to different regions of the cell.
Endotoxin shock in antibody-deficient mice: unraveling the role of natural antibody and complement in the clearance of lipopolysaccharide (1997)

While the significance of natural Ab is not entirely clear, one proposed role is clearance of bacterial Ags. To determine whether natural Ab was involved in clearance of endotoxin, we have examined novel strains of mice with either a total or selective deficiency in Ig. Recombinase-activating gene-2 (RAG-2(-/-))-deficient mice, which have no serum Ig due to arrested development of B cells at the pro-B stage, demonstrate increased sensitivity to endotoxin that correlates with an impaired clearance. When RAG-2(-/-) mice are reconstituted with pooled sera from normal mice, both survival and clearance of circulating endotoxin are enhanced. To further define the nature of the protective Ab, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice were characterized in the high dose LPS model. Like RAG-2(-/-) mice, they are highly sensitive to endotoxin and have an impaired clearance of LPS. Reconstitution of Btk(-/-) mice, which have reduced levels of IgG3 and IgM, with purified normal mouse IgM dramatically enhances their ability to clear endotoxin compared with mock (saline)-reconstituted littermates. The cellular source of natural anti-LPS IgM was identified as the peritoneal-residing B-1 cell by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the important role of natural Ab and complement in the clearance of pathogenic substances from the circulation.
Emerging Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Protection for the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Eicosapentaenoic Acid (2020)

Patients with well-controlled LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels still have residual cardiovascular risk associated with elevated triglycerides. Epidemiological studies have shown that elevated fasting triglyceride levels associate independently with incident cardiovascular events, and abundant recent human genetic data support the causality of TGRLs (triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) in atherothrombosis. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lower blood triglyceride concentrations but likely exert additional atheroprotective properties at higher doses. Omega-3 fatty acids modulate T-cell differentiation and give rise to various prostaglandins and specialized proresolving lipid mediators that promote resolution of tissue injury and inflammation. The REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) with an EPA-only formulation lowered a composite of cardiovascular events by 25% in patients with established cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors. This clinical benefit likely arises from multiple molecular mechanisms discussed in this review. Indeed, human plaques readily incorporate EPA, which may render them less likely to trigger clinical events. EPA and DHA differ in their effects on membrane structure, rates of lipid oxidation, inflammatory biomarkers, and endothelial function as well as tissue distributions. Trials that have evaluated DHA-containing high-dose omega-3 fatty acids have thus far not shown the benefits of EPA alone demonstrated in REDUCE-IT. This review will consider the mechanistic evidence that helps to understand the potential mechanisms of benefit of EPA.
Application of molecular genetics to the design of live herpes simplex virus vaccines. (1982)

In principle, several avenues for attenuation of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are now available. These include intermixing of HSV-1 and HSV-2 genes by recombination, altering the regulation of gene expression and the deletion of viral genes not required for replication of the virus in permissive cells in culture. Results of analyses of HSV-1 x HSV-2 recombinants and of mutants containing a deletion in a gene expressed early in infection showed a loss of virulence when infected by intracerebral route into adult Balb/c mice. In addition, immunization of the mice by intracerebral route with relatively low doses of virus protected the mice from challenge with high doses (3000 LD50) of virulent virus. The application of genetic engineering to the construction of live vaccines is discussed.
Isolation and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIsolation and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole AlkaloidsHans-Joachim Knölker and Kethiri R. ReddyView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 11, 4303–4428Publication Date (Web):November 13, 2002Publication History Received24 June 2002Published online13 November 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020059jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020059jresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16379Altmetric-Citations1217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Organic compounds,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Purification and Properties of an Extracellular Agarase from Alteromonas sp. Strain C-1 (1992)

A marine bacterial strain isolated from the Bay of San Vicente, Chile, was identified as Alteromonas sp. strain C-1. In the presence of agar, this strain produced high levels of an extracellular agarase. The production of agarase was repressed by glucose, with a parallel decrease in bacterial growth. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, with an overall yield of 45%. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 52,000, is salt sensitive, and hydrolyzes agar, yielding neoagarotetraose as the main product, with an optimum pH of about 6.5.
Imaging a functional tumorigenic biomarker in the transformed epithelium (2012)

Proteases responsible for the increased peritumoral proteolysis associated with cancer represent functional biomarkers for monitoring tumorigenesis. One attractive extracellular biomarker is the transmembrane serine protease matriptase. Found on the surface of epithelial cells, the activity of matriptase is regulated by its cognate inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1). Quantitative mass spectrometry allowed us to show that, in selected cancers, HAI-1 expression decreases, leading to active matriptase. A preclinical probe specific for the measurement of emergent active matriptase was developed. Using an active-site-specific, recombinant human antibody for matriptase, we found that the selective targeting of active matriptase can be used to visualize the tumorigenic epithelium. Live-cell fluorescence imaging validated the selectivity of the antibody in vitro by showing that the probe localized only to cancer cell lines with active matriptase on the surface. Immunofluorescence with the antibody documented significant levels of active matriptase in 68% of primary and metastatic colon cancer sections from tissue microarrays. Labeling of the active form of matriptase in vivo was measured in human colon cancer xenografts and in a patient-derived xenograft model using near-infrared and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled antibody, (111)In-A11, by active matriptase was high in xenografts (28% injected dose per gram) and was blocked in vivo by the addition of a matriptase-specific variant of ecotin. These findings suggest, through a HAI-1-dependent mechanism, that emergent active matriptase is a functional biomarker of the transformed epithelium and that its proteolytic activity can be exploited to noninvasively evaluate tumorigenesis in vivo.
Inner ear drug delivery system from the clinical point of view (2010)

The systemic application of stealth-type nanoparticles encapsulating betamethasone provided superior therapeutic results for the treatment of noise-induced hearing loss compared with the systemic application of betamethasone in mice. Microparticles made of biodegradable polymer (poly (lactic/glycolic) acid, PLGA) encapsulating lidocaine were placed on the round window membrane of guinea pigs, and resulted in reasonable concentrations of lidocaine in the cochlea without serious adverse effects. The phase I/IIa clinical trial of the application of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in combination with gelatin hydrogel on the round window membrane was conducted, recruiting patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss after the failure of systemic application of steroids.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by the antibiotic thiolactomycin. (1984)

The antibiotic thiolactomycin inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 507 (beta-lactam supersensitive mutant). A micrograph of E. coli cells, which were grown at a sublethal concentration of thiolactomycin (20 micrograms/ml), revealed the morphological change with cell elongation. The effects of the antibiotic on syntheses of cellular constituents were studied by measuring the incorporation of labeled precursors into lipids and macromolecules. This antibiotic preferentially inhibited the incorporation of [14C]acetate into fatty acids and lipids. Addition of both palmitate and oleate, but not of either fatty acid alone, reversed the growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa by thiolactomycin. These findings support the conclusion that the effects of thiolactomycin are due to a specific inhibition of fatty acid synthetase.
Reduced Precision for Hardware Ray Tracing in GPUs (2014)

We propose a high performance, GPU integrated, hardware ray tracing system. We present and make use of a new analysis of ray traversal in axis aligned bounding volume hierarchies. This analysis enables compact traversal hardware through the use of reduced precision arithmetic. We also propose a new cache based technique for scheduling ray traversal. With the addition of our compact fixed function traversal unit and cache mechanism, we show that current GPU architectures are well suited for hardware accelerated ray tracing, requiring only small modifications to provide high performance. By making use of existing GPU resources we are able to keep all rays and scheduling traffic on chip and out of caches. We used simulations to estimate the performance of our architecture. Our system achieves an average ray rate of 3.4 billion rays per second while path tracing our test scenes.