gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. (1995)

Dendritic cells are APCs that are unique in their potency to stimulate proliferation of primary Ag-specific responses in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that dendritic cells can produce IL-12, a dominant cytokine involved in the development of IFN-gamma-producing T cells. This finding resulted from our observations that dendritic cell-induced Th1 development from total CD4+ T cells upon neutralization of endogenous levels of IL-4 was IL-12-dependent. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dendritic cells can induce the development of Th1 cells from Ag-specific naive LECAM-1bright CD4+ T cells obtained from alpha beta-TCR transgenic mice, provided that CD4+ LECAM-1dull T cells, which produce significant levels of IL-4, are not present in the primary cultures. Production of IL-12 by dendritic cells was confirmed by positive immunofluoresence staining with Abs specific for the inducible IL-12 p40 subunit. This suggests that in addition to inducing proliferation and clonal expansion of naive T cells, dendritic cells, by their production of IL-12, play a direct role in the development of IFN-gamma-producing cells that are important for cell-mediated immune responses.
The psychosocial impact of serological diagnosis of asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 infection (2006)

A diagnosis of asymptomatic HSV-2 infection does not appear to cause significant lasting psychological difficulties. Those for whom the diagnosis had the greatest impact were interpersonally vulnerable before the diagnosis. These results suggest that assessment of interpersonal distress may be important to include as part of pretest and post-test counselling.
<title>Pd tetrabenzoporphyrin-dendrimers: near-infrared phosphors for oxygen measurements by phosphorescence quenching</title> (2002)

Phosphorescence quenching is an optical method for measuring tissue oxygenation. The technique is based on the quenching of phosphorescence originated from the injected dye by molecule oxygen dissolved in the medium. The phosphor is the only 'invasive' component of the measurement procedure, and thus it is important to have precise control over the bio- distribution of the phosphor, i.e. to confine it to a single compartment within the sample. For tissue applications the phosphor must also be an effective light absorber in the near IR and to exhibit oxygen quenching constant of 200-400 Torr<SUP>-1</SUP> sec<SUP>-1</SUP>, to permit reliable quantification of oxygen in arterioles as well as in veins. Overall, it is desirable to have synthetic, inert, hydrophilic, phosphors with quenching characteristics that are not affected by molecules other than oxygen. We discuss a new generation of phosphors based on dendrimer- tetrabenzoporphyrins, designed to satisfy the above criteria. In these phosphors, the core metallotetrabenzoporphyrins prove the required physical characteristics, while their immediate surrounding environments consist of covalently attached dendritic branches. The dendritic cages around porphyrins control their quenching properties and protect porphyrins from interactions with other substances in the blood.
Once-Daily Therapy for Streptococcal Pharyngitis With Amoxicillin (1999)

These data demonstrate that once-daily amoxicillin therapy is as effective as penicillin V therapy given three times a day for the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis, and if confirmed by additional investigations, once-daily amoxicillin therapy could become an alternative regimen for the treatment of this disease.
Proton NMR and circular dichroism studies of the N-terminal domain of cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase: a leucine/isoleucine zipper (1991)

Cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase exists as a dimer in its native form. A peptide corresponding to the dimerization domain in the N-terminal segment has been characterized by circular dichroism, ultracentrifugation, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The peptide (G-kinase1-39 amide) is shown to be dimeric in solution. Determination of the molecular weight of the species in solution from the sedimentation coefficient and diffusion coefficient yields a value more than twice that of the monomeric species. Circular dichroism studies show G-kinase1-39 amide to be largely helical in aqueous solution and stable over a wide range of pH and temperature. The conformational stability is found to be concentration dependent, the peptide having a melting temperature of 75 degrees C (at 20 microM and pH 4.0). The assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum and analysis of the patterns of nuclear Overhauser enhancements confirm the helical nature of the conformation. Distance geometry calculations result in a well-defined helical structure containing a kink near Ser 26. The dimerization of G-kinase is most likely to occur through the hydrophobic interaction of leucine and isoleucine side chains located on one face of a helical structure with supporting electrostatic interactions between flanking side chains. The dimerization domain of G-kinase is clearly analogous to the "leucine zipper" motifs found in a number of DNA transcriptional activators.
Synthesis of 3-(trans-2'-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, a Constituent of the Natural Peptide-Lactone Hormaomycin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 3-(trans-2'-Nitrocyclopropyl)alanine, a Constituent of the Natural Peptide-Lactone HormaomycinJuergen Zindel and Armin de MeijereCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 10, 2968–2973Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00115a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Western and Dot Blotting Analyses ofEhrlichia chaffeensisIndirect Fluorescent-Antibody Assay-Positive and -Negative Human Sera by Using Native and RecombinantE. chaffeensisandE. canisAntigens (1999)

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacterium closely related to E. canis. The immunoreactive recombinant fusion proteins rP28 and rP30 have become available after cloning and expressing of the 28- and 30-kDa major outer membrane protein genes of E. chaffeensis and E. canis, respectively. Western immunoblotting was performed to analyze the antibody responses of the 37 E. chaffeensis indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA)-positive and 20 IFA-negative serum specimens with purified whole organisms, rP28, and rP30. All IFA-negative sera were negative with purified whole organisms, rP28, or rP30 by Western immunoblot analysis (100% relative diagnostic specificity). Of 37 IFA-positive sera, 34 sera reacted with any native proteins of E. chaffeensis ranging from 44 to 110 kDa, and 30 sera reacted with 44- to 110-kDa native E. canis antigens. The 28-kDa E. chaffeensis and 30-kDa E. canis native proteins were recognized by 25 IFA-positive sera. Fifteen IFA-positive sera reacted with rP28 by Western blot analysis, whereas 34 IFA-positive sera reacted with rP30 (92% relative diagnostic specificity), indicating that rP30 is more sensitive than rP28 for detecting the antibodies in IFA-positive sera. These 34 IFA-positive sera were positive by the dot blot assay with rP30, distinguishing them from IFA-negative sera. Except for three rP30-negative but IFA-positive specimens that instead showed an E. ewingii infection-like profile by Western immunoblotting, the results of Western and dot blot assays with rP30 matched 100% with the IFA test results. Densitometric analysis of dot blot reactions showed a positive correlation between the dot density and the IFA titer. These results suggest that rP30 antigen would provide a simple, consistent, and rapid serodiagnosis for human monocytic ehrlichiosis.
Vaccination for protection of retinal ganglion cells against death from glutamate cytotoxicity and ocular hypertension: Implications for glaucoma (2001)

Our group recently demonstrated that autoimmune T cells directed against central nervous system-associated myelin antigens protect neurons from secondary degeneration. We further showed that the synthetic peptide copolymer 1 (Cop-1), known to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, can be safely substituted for the natural myelin antigen in both passive and active immunization for neuroprotection of the injured optic nerve. Here we attempted to determine whether similar immunizations are protective from retinal ganglion cell loss resulting from a direct biochemical insult caused, for example, by glutamate (a major mediator of degeneration in acute and chronic optic nerve insults) and in a rat model of ocular hypertension. Passive immunization with T cells reactive to myelin basic protein or active immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-derived peptide, although neuroprotective after optic nerve injury, was ineffective against glutamate toxicity in mice and rats. In contrast, the number of surviving retinal ganglion cells per square millimeter in glutamate-injected retinas was significantly larger in mice immunized 10 days previously with Cop-1 emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant than in mice injected with PBS in the same adjuvant (2,133 +/- 270 and 1,329 +/- 121, respectively, mean +/- SEM; P < 0.02). A similar pattern was observed when mice were immunized on the day of glutamate injection (1,777 +/- 101 compared with 1,414 +/- 36; P < 0.05), but not when they were immunized 48 h later. These findings suggest that protection from glutamate toxicity requires reinforcement of the immune system by antigens that are different from those associated with myelin. The use of Cop-1 apparently circumvents this antigen specificity barrier. In the rat ocular hypertension model, which simulates glaucoma, immunization with Cop-1 significantly reduced the retinal ganglion cell loss from 27.8% +/- 6.8% to 4.3% +/- 1.6%, without affecting the intraocular pressure. This study may point the way to a therapy for glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve often associated with increased intraocular pressure, as well as for acute and chronic degenerative disorders in which glutamate is a prominent participant.
Urinary Volatile Compounds as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer: A Proof of Principle Study Using Odor Signatures in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer (2010)

A potential strategy for diagnosing lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death, is to identify metabolic signatures (biomarkers) of the disease. Although data supports the hypothesis that volatile compounds can be detected in the breath of lung cancer patients by the sense of smell or through bioanalytical techniques, analysis of breath samples is cumbersome and technically challenging, thus limiting its applicability. The hypothesis explored here is that variations in small molecular weight volatile organic compounds ("odorants") in urine could be used as biomarkers for lung cancer. To demonstrate the presence and chemical structures of volatile biomarkers, we studied mouse olfactory-guided behavior and metabolomics of volatile constituents of urine. Sensor mice could be trained to discriminate between odors of mice with and without experimental tumors demonstrating that volatile odorants are sufficient to identify tumor-bearing mice. Consistent with this result, chemical analyses of urinary volatiles demonstrated that the amounts of several compounds were dramatically different between tumor and control mice. Using principal component analysis and supervised machine-learning, we accurately discriminated between tumor and control groups, a result that was cross validated with novel test groups. Although there were shared differences between experimental and control animals in the two tumor models, we also found chemical differences between these models, demonstrating tumor-based specificity. The success of these studies provides a novel proof-of-principle demonstration of lung tumor diagnosis through urinary volatile odorants. This work should provide an impetus for similar searches for volatile diagnostic biomarkers in the urine of human lung cancer patients.
Design and Characterization of a Highly Selective Peptide Inhibitor of the Small Conductance Calcium-activated K+Channel, SkCa2 (2001)

Apamin-sensitive small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SKCa1-3) mediate the slow afterhyperpolarization in neurons, but the molecular identity of the channel has not been defined because of the lack of specific inhibitors. Here we describe the structure-based design of a selective inhibitor of SKCa2. Leiurotoxin I (Lei) and PO5, peptide toxins that share the RXCQ motif, potently blocked human SKCa2 and SKCa3 but not SKCa1, whereas maurotoxin, Pi1, Tskappa, and PO1 were ineffective. Lei blocked these channels more potently than PO5 because of the presence of Ala(1), Phe(2), and Met(7). By replacing Met(7) in the RXCQ motif of Lei with the shorter, unnatural, positively charged diaminobutanoic acid (Dab), we generated Lei-Dab(7), a selective SKCa2 inhibitor (K(d) = 3.8 nm) that interacts with residues in the external vestibule of the channel. SKCa3 was rendered sensitive to Lei-Dab(7) by replacing His(521) with the corresponding SKCa2 residue (Asn(367)). Intracerebroventricular injection of Lei-Dab(7) into mice resulted in no gross central nervous system toxicity at concentrations that specifically blocked SKCa2 homotetramers. Lei-Dab(7) will be a useful tool to investigate the functional role of SKCa2 in mammalian tissues.
Adaptive transform coding with an adaptive block size (ATC-ABS) (2002)

A coding technique is presented for high-quality audio signals based on adaptive transform coding (ATC). Adaptive block size selection by the proposed algorithm ensures an appropriate block size resulting in improved SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) for a wide variety of source signals. A feedback approach, based on SNR, and a feedforward approach, based on interblock differences in input time-domain samples, to adaptive block size assignment are proposed and evaluated. Computer simulation results show that average segmental SNR by the feedback approach is improved by as much as 4.8 dB over the conventional fixed-block-size ATC. The feedforward approach is realized with much-simplified hardware; nevertheless, its SNR degradation from that by the feedback approach is 1.6 dB, even in the worst case. Both approaches are successful in pre-echo suppression to a satisfactory level. Time-domain aliasing cancellation has the potential to increase the superiority of the new algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Arrested preoligodendrocyte maturation contributes to myelination failure in premature infants (2011)

Although these data confirm that microscopic necrosis occurs in contemporary cases, the markedly decreased burden supports that it does not contribute substantially to myelination failure. The primary mechanism of myelination failure involves a disrupted cellular response whereby preOLs fail to differentiate in diffuse astrogliotic lesions. PreOL maturation arrest converts chronic WMI to a more immature state related to the burden of astrogliosis.
A brief Review of the ChaLearn AutoML Challenge: Any-time Any-dataset Learning without Human Intervention (2016)

International audience
Correction: Mind Bomb-1 in Dendritic Cells Is Specifically Required for Notch-mediated T Helper Type 2 Differentiation (2012)

In dendritic cell (DC)-CD4 + T cell interaction, Notch signaling has been implicated in the CD4 + T cell activation, proliferation, and subset differentiation. However, there has been a lot of debate on the exact role of Notch signaling. Here, we observed that expression of Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), a critical regulator of Notch ligands for the activation of Notch signaling, increases gradually as precursor cells differentiate into DCs in mice. To clarify the role of Mib1 in DC-CD4 + T cell interactions, we generated Mib1-null bone marrow-derived DCs. These cells readily expressed Notch ligands but failed to initiate Notch activation in the adjacent cells. Nevertheless, Mib1-null DCs were able to prime the activation and proliferation of CD4 + T cells, suggesting that Notch activation in CD4 + T cells is not required for these processes. Intriguingly, stimulation of CD4 + T cells with Mib1-null DCs resulted in dramatically diminished Th2 cell populations, while preserving Th1 cell populations, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Mib1 in DCs is critical for the activation of Notch signaling in CD4 + T cells, and Notch signaling reinforces Th2 differentiation, but is not required for the activation or proliferation of the CD4 + T cells.
A Comprehensive Review of Semiconductor Ultraviolet Photodetectors: From Thin Film to One-Dimensional Nanostructures (2013)

Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have drawn extensive attention owing to their applications in industrial, environmental and even biological fields. Compared to UV-enhanced Si photodetectors, a new generation of wide bandgap semiconductors, such as (Al, In) GaN, diamond, and SiC, have the advantages of high responsivity, high thermal stability, robust radiation hardness and high response speed. On the other hand, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure semiconductors with a wide bandgap, such as β-Ga2O3, GaN, ZnO, or other metal-oxide nanostructures, also show their potential for high-efficiency UV photodetection. In some cases such as flame detection, high-temperature thermally stable detectors with high performance are required. This article provides a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art research activities in the UV photodetection field, including not only semiconductor thin films, but also 1D nanostructured materials, which are attracting more and more attention in the detection field. A special focus is given on the thermal stability of the developed devices, which is one of the key characteristics for the real applications.
An inertial-optical tracking system for portable, quantitative, 3D ultrasound (2008)

Freehand 3D ultrasound imaging has been growing in popularity. However, the unavoidable reconstruction errors introduced by freehand motion have limited its usefulness. To overcome this, freehand ultrasound systems have been augmented with external tracking sensors to produce accurate 3D images in mainly experimental settings, but these systems have yet to be accepted for general clinical use. In addition, the use of external tracking sensors limits the portability of the system.
Oral bioavailability of ATP after prolonged administration (2010)

Purinergic receptors are important for the regulation of inflammation, muscle contraction, neurotransmission and nociception. Extracellular ATP and its metabolites are the main ligands for these receptors. Occasional reports on beneficial results of ATP administration in human and animal studies have suggested the bioavailability of oral ATP supplements. We investigated whether prolonged daily intake of oral ATP is indeed bioavailable. Thirty-two healthy subjects were randomised to receive 0, 250, 1250 or 5000 mg ATP per d for 28 d by means of enteric-coated pellets. In addition, on days 0 and 28, all thirty-two subjects received 5000 mg ATP to determine whether prolonged administration would induce adaptations in the bioavailability of ATP. ATP supplementation for 4 weeks did not lead to changes in blood or plasma ATP concentrations. Of all ATP metabolites, only plasma uric acid levels increased significantly after the administration of 5000 mg of ATP. Prolonged administration of ATP was safe as evidenced from liver and kidney parameters. We conclude that oral administration of ATP only resulted in increased uric acid concentrations. On the basis of these findings, we seriously question the claimed efficacy of oral ATP at dosages even lower than that used in the present study.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects (2005)

Critical issues that must be addressed include the need for more selective and effective boron delivery agents, the development of methods to provide semiquantitative estimates of tumor boron content before treatment, improvements in clinical implementation of BNCT, and a need for randomized clinical trials with an unequivocal demonstration of therapeutic efficacy. If these issues are adequately addressed, then BNCT could move forward as a treatment modality.
Impact of resistance loading on myostatin expression and cell cycle regulation in young and older men and women (2005)

Myostatin inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation in developing muscle. Mounting evidence suggests that myostatin also plays a limiting role in growth/repair/regeneration of differentiated adult muscle by inhibiting satellite cell activation. We tested the hypothesis that myostatin mRNA expression would decrease after resistance loading (RL) with a blunted response in older (O) females (F) who have shown minimal hypertrophy [vs. males (M)] after long-term RL. As myostatin is thought to modulate cell cycle activity, we also studied the response of gene transcripts key to stimulation (cyclin B1 and D1) and inhibition (p21cip and p27kip) of the cell cycle, along with the muscle-specific load-sensitive mitogen mechano-growth factor (MGF). Twenty young (Y; 20-35 yr, 10 YF, 10 YM) and 18 O (60-75 yr, 9 OF, 9 OM) consented to vastus lateralis biopsy before and 24 h after a bout of RL (3 sets x 8-12 repetitions to volitional fatigue of squat, leg press, knee extension). Gene expression levels were determined by relative RT-PCR with 18S as an internal standard and analyzed by age x gender x load repeated-measures ANOVA. A load effect was found for four transcripts (P < 0.005) including myostatin, cyclin D1, p27kip, and MGF as mRNA levels decreased for myostatin (-44%) and p27kip (-16%) and increased for cyclin D1 (34%) and MGF (49%). For myostatin, age x load and gender x load interactions (P < 0.05) were driven by a lack of change in OF, while marked declines were noted in YM (-56%), YF (-48%), and OM (-40%). Higher cyclin D1 levels in OF led to a main age effect (36%, O > Y) and an age x gender interaction (66%, OF > YF vs. 10%, OM > YM; P < 0.05). An age x gender x load interaction (P < 0.05) for cyclin D1 resulted from a 48% increase in OF. Post hoc testing within groups revealed a significant increase in MGF after RL in YM only (91%, P < 0.05). Higher levels of cyclin B1 in O (27%, O > Y) led to a main age effect (P < 0.05). An age x load interaction for cyclin B1 (P < 0.05) was driven by a 26% increase in Y with no change in O after RL. No age or gender differences, or load-mediated changes, were detected in levels of p21cip mRNA expression. These data clearly demonstrate that RL downregulates myostatin expression and alters genes key to cell cycle progression. However, failure to reduce myostatin expression may play a role in limiting RL-induced hypertrophy in OF.