gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Infrared and Raman Spectra of β-and α-Tricalcium Phosphate (Ca3(Po4)2) (1998)

Abstract Factor group analysis was applied to interpret the vibrational spectra of β-and α-tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). The analysis predicts the number of bands formed due to the splitting of the fundamental vibrational modes of the PO4 3-ion. The number of the infrared and Raman bands predicted by this analysis for the two phases are drastically different and can be ascribed to the difference in atomic arrangements in the two phases resulting in greater shielding of the PO4 3-ions in the β-phase than in the α-phase. Discrepancies in the number of predicted and experimentally-observed bands can be attributed to the weak intensities of some vibrational modes or the convolution of vibrations and limited spectral resolution. Key Words: Tricalcium phosphateCa3(PO4)2 Infrared spectraRaman spectraFactor Group Analysis
Avian Atherosclerosis: Retardation by Pectin (1964)

A highly significant retardation of spontaneous atherosclerosis was observed in 2-year-old cockerels fed on a standard diet supplemented with 5 percent pectin for 18 months. The pectin-fed birds excreted three times as much lipid extract and almost twice as much cholesterol as did the control cockerels fed the standard diet supplemented with 5 percent nonnutritive fiber.
Microwave‐Assisted Functionalization of Solid Supports for Rapid Loading of Nucleosides (2005)

Ultra-fast and efficient functionalization of solid supports such as controlled-pore glass (CPG), amino methyl polystyrene, and Tentagel has been achieved using microwave-assisted procedures. Both amino- and carboxy-terminated supports are easily prepared within minutes, in a reproducible manner, using microwave-assisted methodologies. The resulting functionalized supports are efficiently coupled to nucleosides using dimethylformamide as a solvent in conjunction with a specially designed reactor and workstation called LOTUS. Using these improved protocols, CPG with loadings of 75 to 85 micromol/g can be prepared on a large scale within 3 to 4 days starting from native CPG, as opposed to traditional methods that require 10 to 15 days to achieve the same objective. In addition, the methods described here can potentially be employed for rapid functionalization of other solid matrices such as beads, slides, and pins for applications in microarrays or combinatorial chemistry.
BRAIN WORK AND BRAIN IMAGING (2006)

Functional brain imaging with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has been used extensively to map regional changes in brain activity. The signal used by both techniques is based on changes in local circulation and metabolism (brain work). Our understanding of the cell biology of these changes has progressed greatly in the past decade. New insights have emerged on the role of astrocytes in signal transduction as has an appreciation of the unique contribution of aerobic glycolysis to brain energy metabolism. Likewise our understanding of the neurophysiologic processes responsible for imaging signals has progressed from an assumption that spiking activity (output) of neurons is most relevant to one focused on their input. Finally, neuroimaging, with its unique metabolic perspective, has alerted us to the ongoing and costly intrinsic activity within brain systems that most likely represents the largest fraction of the brain's functional activity.
Pimecrolimus 1% cream versus betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% cream in the treatment of facial discoid lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomized pilot study (2009)

The efficacy of pimecrolimus 1% cream is comparable with that of betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream in treating facial DLE.
Inverse Problems in the Mathematical Sciences. (1994)

Contents: Introduction - Inverse problems modeled by integral equations of the first kind: Causation - Parameter estimation in differential equations: Model identification - Mathematical background for inverse problems - Some methodology for inverse problems - An annotated bibliography on inverse problems.
Daptomycin: a lipopeptide antibiotic for the treatment of serious Gram-positive infections (2005)

Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are on the rise. Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide with activity against most Gram-positive pathogens, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci and methicillin-resistant &lt;I&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/I&gt;, is a newly US-FDA approved antimicrobial for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Daptomycin has a unique mechanism of action that results in destruction of the membrane potential. The rapid bactericidal activity of daptomycin makes it an attractive antibiotic for serious Gram-positive infections.
Implementation of a Real-time Data fusion Algorithm for Flight Test Computer (2005)

This paper presents an implementation of a real-time multi-sensor data fusion algorithm for Flight Test Computer. The sensor data consist of positional information of the target from a radar, a GPS receiver and an INS. The data fusion algorithm is designed by the 21st order distributed Kalman Filter which is based on the PVA model with sensor bias states. A fault detection and correction logics are included in the algorithm for bad measurements and sensor faults. The statistical parameters for the states are obtained from Monte Carlo simulations and covariance analysis using test tracking data. The designed filter is verified by using real data both in post processing and real-time processing.
Peroxisome proliterator-activated receptor alpha in metabolic disease, inflammation, atherosclerosis and aging (1999)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors which are activated by fatty acids and derivatives. The PPAR alpha form has been shown to mediate the action of the hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. PPAR alpha activators furthermore improve glucose homeostasis and influence body weight and energy homeostasis. It is likely that these actions of PPAR alpha activators on lipid, glucose and energy metabolism are, at least in part, due to the increase of hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation resulting in an enhanced fatty acid flux and degradation in the liver. Moreover, PPARs are expressed in different immunological and vascular wall cell types where they exert anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic activities. The observation that these receptors are also expressed in atherosclerotic lesions suggests a role in atherogenesis. Finally, PPAR alpha activators correct age-related dysregulations in redox balance. Taken together, these data indicate a modulatory role for PPAR alpha in the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, predisposing to atherosclerosis.
Clinical Microbiology During the Vietnam War (2009)

During the period of 1965-1968, over two dozen Army microbiologists were deployed to various locations in Southeast Asia in support of the Vietnam War. Their role was to serve both a clinical laboratory mission/function at the mobile Army surgical hospital and mobile laboratory level as well as to perform research roles in all of the facilities. They were essential to the formulation of medical intelligence as well as to the practice of operational medicine in the deployed environment. The results of their laboratory investigations provided commanders and military physicians with critical medical information for patient care, outbreak investigation, and forensic analysis. As with many soldiers in support of the infantry and armor combat forces, most of the work occurs behind the scenes and their contributions are often left out of the historical literature. This article presents a brief overview of microbiology performed by Army microbiologists during the Vietnam War.
Human Knee: In Vivo T1ρ-weighted MR Imaging at 1.5 T—Preliminary Experience (2001)

A fast spin-echo sequence weighted with a time constant that defines the magnetic relaxation of spins under the influence of a radio-frequency field (T1(rho)) was used in six subjects to measure magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation times in the knee joint with a 1.5-T MR imager. A quantitative comparison of T2- and T1(rho)-weighted MR images was also performed. Substantial T1(rho) dispersion was demonstrated in human articular cartilage, but muscle did not demonstrate much dispersion. T1(rho)-weighted images depicted a chondral lesion with 25% better signal-difference-to-noise ratios than comparable T2-weighted images. This technique may depict cartilage and muscular abnormalities.
Explicit optimal binary pebbling for one-way hash chain reversal (2014)

We present explicit optimal binary pebbling algorithms for reversing one-way hash chains. For a hash chain of length $2^k$, the number of hashes performed per output round is at most $\\lceil \\tfrac{k}{2}\\rceil$, whereas the number of hash values stored throughout is at most $k$. This is optimal for binary pebbling algorithms characterized by the property that the midpoint of the hash chain is computed just once and stored until it is output, and that this property applies recursively to both halves of the hash chain. We develop a framework for easy comparison of explicit binary pebbling algorithms, including simple speed-1 binary pebbles, Jakobsson's binary speed-2 pebbles, and our optimal binary pebbles. Explicit schedules describe for each pebble exactly how many hashes need to be performed in each round. The optimal schedule exhibits a nice recursive structure, which allows fully optimized implementations that can readily be deployed. In particular, we develop in-place implementations with minimal storage overhead (essentially, storing only hash values), and fast implementations with minimal computational overhead.
Hemopoietic growth factors and mononuclear phagocytes (1993)

Mononuclear phagocyte and cytokine biology role of cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment anti-infective role of cytokines anti-tumour role of cytokines role of cytokines in immune response.
Principles of electroanatomic mapping. (2008)

Electrophysiologic testing and radiofrequency ablation have evolved as curative measures for a variety of rhythm disturbances. As experience in this field has grown, ablation is progressively being used to address more complex rhythm disturbances. Paralleling this trend are technological advancements to facilitate these efforts, including electroanatomic mapping (EAM). At present, several different EAM systems utilizing various technologies are available to facilitate mapping and ablation. Use of these systems has been shown to reduce fluoroscopic exposure and radiation dose, with less significant effects on procedural duration and success rates. Among the data provided by EAM are chamber reconstruction, tagging of important anatomic landmarks and ablation lesions, display of diagnostic and mapping catheters without using fluoroscopy, activation mapping, and voltage (or scar) mapping. Several EAM systems have specialized features, such as enhanced ability to map non-sustained or hemodynamically unstable arrhythmias, ability to display diagnostic as well as mapping catheter positions, and wide compatibility with a variety of catheters. Each EAM system has its strengths and weaknesses, and the system chosen must depend upon what data is required for procedural success (activation mapping, substrate mapping, cardiac geometry), the anticipated arrhythmia, the compatibility of the system with adjunctive tools (i.e. diagnostic and ablation catheters), and the operator's familiarity with the selected system. While EAM can offer significant assistance during an EP procedure, their incorrect or inappropriate application can substantially hamper mapping efforts and procedural success, and should not replace careful interpretation of data and strict adherence to electrophysiologic principles.
Beamforming approaches for untethered, ultrasonic neural dust motes for cortical recording: A simulation study (2014)

In this paper, we examine the use of beamforming techniques to interrogate a multitude of neural implants in a distributed, ultrasound-based intra-cortical recording platform known as Neural Dust. We propose a general framework to analyze system design tradeoffs in the ultrasonic beamformer that extracts neural signals from modulated ultrasound waves that are backscattered by free-floating neural dust (ND) motes. Simulations indicate that high-resolution linearly-constrained minimum variance beamforming sufficiently suppresses interference from unselected ND motes and can be incorporated into the ND-based cortical recording system.
ELISA and other solid phase immunoassys : theoretical and practical aspects (1988)

BASIC ASPECTS. An Introduction to ELISA (D. Kemeny & S. Chanter). Microtitre Plates and Other Solid Phase Supports (D. Kemeny & S. Challacombe). Quantitative Aspects of Solid Phase Immunoassays (R. Hamilton & N. Atkinson). AMPLIFICATION. Amplification by Second Enzymes (A. Johannsson & D. Bates). The Amplified ELISA (a-ELISA): Immunochemistry and Applications (J. Butler). MOLECULAR ASPECTS. The Role of Antibody Affinity in the Performance of Solid Phase Assays (M. Devey & M. Steward). The Immunochemistry of Sandwich ELISAs: Principles and Applications for the Quantitative Determination of Immunoglobulins (J. Butler). The Use of ELISA in the Characterization of Protein Antigen Structure and Immune Response (A. Pesce & J. Michael). The Modified Sandwich ELISA (SELISA) for the Detection of IgE and Other Antibody Isotypes (D. Kemeny). CELLULAR ELISAs. The Solid Phase Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT) for Enumerating Antibody-Secreting Cells: Methodology and Applications (C. Czerkinsky, et al.). ELISA-Plaque Assay for the Detection of Single Antibody-Secreting Cells (J. Sedgwick & P. Holt). CHEMILUMINESCENCE. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (I. Weeks & J. Woodhead). APPLICATIONS TO MICROBIOLOGY. The Use of ELISA for Rapid Viral Diagnosis: Viral Antigen Detection in Clinical Specimens (S. Chantler & A. Clayton). The Use of ELISA for Rapid Viral Diagnosis: Antibody Detection (R. Duncan). Application of ELISA to Bacteriology (S. Challacombe). Appendix. Index.
Bone Density Ligand, Sclerostin, Directly Interacts With LRP5 but Not LRP5G171V to Modulate Wnt Activity (2006)

Our data suggest that functional interactions between Sost or Wise and LRPs have the potential to regulate bone deposition by modulating Wnt signaling.
Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (1993)

Melaleuca alternifolia has been used for medical purposes since Australia was colonized in 1788. Melaleuca alternifolia is commonly called tea tree, although this vernacular name is also given to many other species in the Leptospermum and Melaleuca genera. A small tree, it grows up to 5 m in height, has papery bark and narrow, tapered leaves up to 20 mm in length and flowers in summer. Melaleuca alternifolia is unique to Australia and its natural habitat is a relatively small area around the Clarence and Richmond rivers in the north-east coastal area of New South Wales where the terrain is generally low lying and swampy. The essential oil of M. alternifolia, or tea tree oil. has enjoyed increased medicinal use in recent years. It is a pale yellow viscous liquid with a distinctive pungent odour and is composed of a complex mixture of monoterpenes, 1-terpinen-4-ol, cineole and other hydrocarbons (Peña 1962).
Alkoxyboration Polymerization. Synthesis of Novel Poly(boronic carbamate)s (1998)

Novel organoboron polymers were prepared by alkoxyboration polymerization of diisocyanates with mesityldimethoxyborane. The polymers obtained have boronic carbamate in their repeating units and can be expected as a novel type of reactive polymers. First, alkoxyboration polymerization between mesityldimethoxyborane and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate was examined, and the best reaction condition was optimized to be 140 °C in bulk. Both aliphatic and aromatic diisocyanates gave the corresponding polymers. When aromatic diisocyanates were employed, the reactions required severe reaction conditions (150 °C). The polymers prepared from aromatic diisocyanates have a high stability toward air. Among various boron monomers, mesityldimethoxyborane was found to be the most suitable monomer for the present polymerization system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New Substituted Sulfonylureas as Oral Hypoglycemic Agents. (1987)

Abstract Title compounds of type (III) and (VI) are synthesized as shown in the scheme.
Ethical leadership required to lead Europe beyond instrumental rationality (2009)

Purpose: This paper questions the extent to which our interpretation of diversity has been socially-constructed through a pro-conformity lens, and hence undermines the nature of diversity itself and space in which identity can be determined. Approach: The authors reflect on practice and policy in Europe resulting from the expansion of the European Union. Findings: The incumbent and emerging leaders in Europe need to better understand the issues and consequences that are emerging from the dualistic nature of the newly expanded unified Europe. Most Western European countries and companies have previously opted to either implement the minimum requirements, normally driven through law and legislation in its companies and societies, e.g., implement demographic targets to be achieved, or focus narrowly on context-relevant multiculturalism. This stems from Anglo-American practice based on the premise of instrumental reasoning, which has been adopted wholesale in Western societies with little challenge or cultural contextualisation. This contrasts with the approach that the newer EU members adopt, due largely to their experience of heightened individualism as well as communalism throughout their long political and economic histories. Now that the EU has expanded, there is both the opportunity and need for a new form of diversity management to emerge. Practical Implications: The fundamental flaw thus far is that too much of the focus has been on efficiently boxing people into certain categories, typically geographic cultural ones, and then seeking to lead them through those categorical lenses rather than fully embracing the uncertainty of diversity. Leaders need to fully engage in a more diverse discourse and the deconstruction of instrumental reasoning. Originality/value: This paper challenges the accepted interpretation of diversity in Europe by challenging the historical foundations from which it developed, arguing that this was an Anglo- American construction aimed at maximising efficiency rather than appreciating difference.
How to make an intestine (2014)

With the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, there is great interest in establishing in vitro models of human intestinal disease and in developing drug-screening platforms that more accurately represent the complex physiology of the intestine. We will review how recent advances in developmental and stem cell biology have made it possible to generate complex, three-dimensional, human intestinal tissues in vitro through directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. These are currently being used to study human development, genetic forms of disease, intestinal pathogens, metabolic disease and cancer.
Automatically Designing and Printing 3-D Objects with EvoFab 0.2 (2012)

Although Evolutionary Design has had great success in creating virtual objects, very few of these evolved designs have been manufactured. Standing in the way is the fabrication gap caused by a reliance on prescriptive rather than descriptive representations of evolved objects. Evolutionary Fabrication describes an alternative process which evolves how rather than what to build. In this paper we describe EvoFab 0.2, a completely automated physically embodied machine which implements Evolutionary Fabrication and evolves three dimensional objects. We describe the mechanism and underlying algorithms in detail, and show how it can be used to create novel structures.
AML1/MTG8 oncogene suppression by small interfering RNAs supports myeloid differentiation of t(8;21)-positive leukemic cells (2003)

The translocation t(8;21) yields the leukemic fusion gene AML1/MTG8 and is associated with 10%-15% of all de novo cases of acute myeloid leukemia. We demonstrate the efficient and specific suppression of AML1/MTG8 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the human leukemic cell lines Kasumi-1 and SKNO-1. siRNAs targeted against the fusion site of the AML1/MTG8 mRNA reduce the levels of AML1/MTG8 without affecting the amount of wild-type AML1. These data argue against a transitive RNA interference mechanism potentially induced by siRNAs in such leukemic cells. Depletion of AML1/MTG8 correlates with an increased susceptibility of both Kasumi-1 and SKNO-1 cells to tumor growth factor beta(1) (TGF beta(1))/vitamin D(3)-induced differentiation, leading to increased expression of CD11b, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor, and C/EBP alpha (CAAT/enhancer binding protein). Moreover, siRNA-mediated AML1/MTG8 suppression results in changes in cell shape and, in combination with TGF beta(1)/vitamin D(3), severely reduces clonogenicity of Kasumi-1 cells. These results suggest an important role for AML1/MTG8 in preventing differentiation, thereby propagating leukemic blast cells. Therefore, siRNAs are promising tools for a functional analysis of AML1/MTG8 and may be used in a molecularly defined therapeutic approach for t(8;21)-positive leukemia.
Herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus: why do these human alphaherpesviruses behave so differently from one another? (2005)

Members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses are classified into the alpha, beta and gamma subfamilies. The alpha subfamily is estimated to have diverged from the beta and gamma subfamilies 200-220 million years ago. The ancestors of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), two ubiquitous and clinically important human pathogens, appeared 70-80 million years ago. As these viruses coevolved with their specific primate hosts, genetic rearrangements led to the development of the contemporary alphaherpesviruses and their distinct complement of genes. Here the distinct features of HSV and VZV are discussed in terms of their transmissibility, clinical picture, tissue tropism, establishment of latency/reactivation and immune evasion, which can, at least in part, be explained by differences in their genomes.