gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Vicinal Diketone Production by Brewer's Yeast. I. Effects of ILV5 and ILV3 Gene Amplification on Vicinal Diketone Production and ILV Enzyme Activity (1995)

AbstractThe amount of vicinal diketone (VDK) precursors produced during the brewery fermentation process was minimized by increasing the flux through the isoleucine-valine (ILV) biosynthetic pathway in brewer's yeast. Plasmid amplification of the gene products of ILV5, ILV3, or tandem ILV5+ILV3 in brewer's yeast resulted in VDK decreases of 70, 40, and 60%, respectively, when compared to that of normal brewer's yeast. No other flavor or attenuation profile differences were observed. Overall, ILV5 gene amplification was a very effective strategy for decreasing total VDK production.ResumenSe presentan resultados que son continuación de estudios anteriores para minimizar la cantidad de precursores de VDK producidos durante el proceso de fermentación cervecera incrementando el flujo a través de la via biosintética de ILV en la levadura cervecera. La amplificación del plasmido de los productos de los genes ILV5, ILV3, o simultáneamente ILV5 y ILV3 en la levadura cervecera resultó en disminuciónes del VDK de respectivamente, 70, 40, y 60% comparados con la levadura cervecera normal. No fueron observadas diferencias en el perfil de sabor ni en la atenuación. En general, el gen de amplificación ILV5 mostró ser una estrategia efectiva para disminuir la producción de VDK total.KeywordsDiacetylIsoleucine-Valine (ILV)Vicinal diketone (VDK)
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenylmethyl Ethers: Synthesis and Histamine H3‐Receptor Antagonist in vitro and in vivo Activity. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Interactions between neural membrane glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid mediators: A recipe for neural cell survival or suicide (2007)

The neural membranes contain phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are precursors for lipid mediators involved in signal transduction processes. Degradation of glycerophospholipids by phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) generates arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA). Arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids and DHA is metabolized to docosanoids. The catabolism of glycosphingolipids generates ceramide, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. These metabolites modulate PLA(2) activity. Arachidonic acid, a product derived from glycerophospholipid catabolism by PLA(2), modulates sphingomyelinase (SMase), the enzyme that generates ceramide and phosphocholine. Furthermore, sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates cyclooxygenase, an enzyme responsible for eicosanoid production in brain. This suggests that an interplay and cross talk occurs between lipid mediators of glycerophospholipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism in brain tissue. This interplay between metabolites of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism may play an important role in initiation and maintenance of oxidative stress associated with neurologic disorders as well as in neural cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that PLA(2) and SMase inhibitors can be used as neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic agents. Development of novel inhibitors of PLA(2) and SMase may be useful for the treatment of oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with neurologic disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and head and spinal cord injuries.
A Recycling Pathway for Resecretion of Internalized Apolipoprotein E in Liver Cells (2001)

We have investigated the recycling of apoE in livers of apoE(-)/- mice transplanted with wild type bone marrow (apoE(+/+) --> apoE(-)/-), a model in which circulating apoE is derived exclusively from macrophages. Nascent Golgi lipoproteins were recovered from livers of apoE(+/+) --> apoE(-)/- mice 8 weeks after transplantation. ApoE was identified with nascent d < 1.006 and with d 1.006-1.210 g/ml lipoproteins at a level approximately 6% that of nascent lipoproteins from C57BL/6 mice. Hepatocytes from apoE(+/+) --> apoE(-)/- mice were isolated and cultured in media free of exogenous apoE. ApoE was found in the media primarily on the d < 1.006 g/ml fraction, indicating a resecretion of internalized apoprotein. Secretion of apoE from C57BL/6 hepatocytes was consistent with constitutive production, whereas the majority of apoE secreted from apoE(+/+) --> apoE(-)/- hepatocytes was recovered in the last 24 h of culture. This suggests that release may be triggered by accumulation of an acceptor, such as very low density lipoproteins, in the media. In agreement with the in vivo data, total recovery of apoE from apoE(+/+) --> apoE(-)/- hepatocytes was approximately 6% that of the apoE recovered from C57BL/6 hepatocytes. Since plasma apoE levels in the transplanted mice are approximately 10% of control levels, the findings indicate that up to 60% of the internalized apoE may be reutilized under physiologic conditions. These studies provide definitive evidence for the sparing of apoE and its routing through the secretory pathway and demonstrate that internalized apoE can be resecreted in a quantitatively significant fashion.
DNA arrays: methods and protocols. (2001)

Microarray technology, which permits the rapid, simultaneous, and highly sensitive analysis of large numbers of biological samples, is now coming into widespread use for advanced research on gene expression, mutation analysis, proteomics, and gene sequencing. In DNA Arrays: Methods and Protocols, Jang Rampal and a authoritative panel of researchers, engineers, and technologists explain in detail how to design and construct these DNA arrays, as well as how to hybridize them with biological samples for analysis. In step-by-step instructions these experts detail not only how to attach or print arrays on various matrices, but also biological sample preparation (DNA and RNA), hybridization conditions, signal detection, probe optimization, different printing technologies, and data collection and analysis (bioinformatics). Additional topics covered include genotyping, sequencing by hybridization, antisense reagents, HLA-DQA typing techniques, and gene expression analysis. Rounding out the technical presentation are three chapters that review the history of microarrays, the ethical ramifications of genetic analysis using DNA arrays, and the business aspects of biochip technologies. Forward-looking and state-of-the-art, DNA Arrays: Methods and Protocols provides all investigators engaged in biological and biomedical research the full range of effective, readily reproducible microarray techniques needed today to analyze on a large scale the many different genes and gene sequences now available from the Human Genome Project
Immunization with extracellular proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces cell-mediated immune responses and substantial protective immunity in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis (1992)

We have studied the capacity of a selected fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular proteins (EP) released into broth culture by mid-logarithmic-growth-phase organisms to induce cell-mediated immune responses and protective immunity in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis by aerosol but not uninfected control guinea pigs exhibit strong cell-mediated immune responses to EP, manifest by dose-dependent cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Guinea pigs immunized subcutaneously with EP but not sham-immunized control guinea pigs also develop strong cell-mediated immune responses to EP, manifest by dose-dependent cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. EP is nonlethal and nontoxic to guinea pigs upon subcutaneous immunization. Guinea pigs immunized with EP and then challenged with aerosolized M. tuberculosis exhibit protective immunity. In five independent experiments, EP-immunized guinea pigs were consistently protected against clinical illness, including weight loss. Compared with EP-immunized guinea pigs, sham-immunized control guinea pigs lost 12.9 +/- 2.0% (mean +/- SE) of their total weight. EP-immunized guinea pigs also had a 10-fold reduction in viable M. tuberculosis bacilli in their lungs and spleens (P = 0.004 and 0.001, respectively) compared with sham-immunized control animals. In the two experiments in which some guinea pigs died after aerosol challenge, EP-immunized animals were protected from death. Whereas all 12 (100%) EP-immunized guinea pigs survived challenge with aerosolized M. tuberculosis, only 6 of 12 (50%) sham-immunized control guinea pigs survived challenge (P = 0.007, Fisher exact test). This study demonstrates that actively growing M. tuberculosis cells release immunoprotective molecules extracellularly, that a subunit vaccine against tuberculosis is feasible, and that extracellular molecules of M. tuberculosis are potential candidates for a subunit vaccine.
A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant (2005)

A fluid medium was developed to simulate the salient physical and chemical properties of human semen. The composition of the medium was based upon an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human semen. In choosing the ingredients for this medium, the goal was to emphasize properties that influence interactions of human semen with topical contraceptive, prophylactic, or therapeutic products. Among these properties, pH and buffering capacity, osmolarity, ionic strength, and rheological properties play dominant roles in the physico-chemical processes that govern drug release kinetics and delivery vehicle distribution.
Formation and Characterization of Self-Assembled Films of Thiol-Derivatized Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) on Gold (1997)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) copolymers containing propanethiol side chain “stickers” for forming self-assembled films on gold surfaces have been studied by various experimental techniques including ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, FT-IR, angle-dependent XPS, and ToF−SIMS. The results show that the thiol-containing side chains do not all chemisorb to the gold surfaces. In addition, the concentration of these sticker units was found to have a dominant effect on the polymer film thickness, the surface wetting properties, and the orientation of the PDMS backbone. Ab initio calculations reveal that the IR-active PDMS Si−O stretching bands can be used as indications of chain orientation, and a comparison of the calculated spectra with grazing incidence reflection IR data shows that the self-assembled PDMS backbone is predominantly aligned parallel to the surface, plausibly as a result of the chemisorption.
Chirped-grating demultiplexers in dielectric waveguides (1977)

A wavelength-selective beamsplitter has been realized by fabricating chirped (variable period) grating in an optical waveguide. This beamsplitter can demultiplex a signal traveling in a fiber and send each frequency component to a different fiber.
A Versatile and Rapid Assay of Radiosensitivity of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Based on DNA and Surface-Marker Assessment of Cytotoxicity (1997)

We describe a rapid assay to predict intrinsic radiosensitivity of normal tissues based on the radiation-induced cytotoxic response of a number of types of white blood cells. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, leukocytes were prepared for analysis by flow cytometry. Radiation-induced cytotoxicity was characterized by degradation of internucleosomal DNA, which results in a reduced G1/G0-phase DNA peak. Clear differences in the radiosensitivity of five of six different types of leukocytes were observed. Significant increases in cytotoxicity were observed even at 0.5 Gy, indicating the technique may be useful as a biological dosimeter after radiation accidents. Based on data from 12 healthy blood donors, significant inter-donor differences in radiosensitivity were observed after exposure to 2 or 8 Gy of high-dose-rate X rays. Inter-donor variation was significantly greater than intra-donor variation for both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and the technique yielded adequate data to stratify donors based on the radiosensitivities of these two cell types alone, requiring less than 1 ml of blood. The assay is a general assay of early cytotoxic response to radiation-induced damage and should be useful when assaying the response to chemotherapy as well.
A Survey on QR Codes: in context of Research and Application (2014)

QR code is the type of matrix barcode, which was first designed for the automotive industry by Denso Wave in Japan. The QR Code system has become admired outside the automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes. This paper take account of QR codes basics, its real time application in day to day life and research areas associated. With the technology of mobile phones constantly emerging, especially in the area of mobile internet access, QR codes seem to be an adequate tool to quickly and efficiently converse URLs to users. This also allows offline media such as magazines, newspapers, business cards, public transport vehicles, signs, t-shirts and any other medium that can embrace the print of a QR code to be used as carriers for advertisements for online products. QR code being so versatile because of its structural flexibility that it leads to so many diverse field for research such as increasing data capacity, security applications such as different kinds of watermarking and steganography as well. Some experiments have also been done for better recognition of the QR code image that includes scratch removal techniques. Thus, this paper is an attempt to highlight some of possible research areas while considering QR codes.
Continuous-Exchange Protein-Synthesizing Systems (2007)

Protein synthesis in cell-free systems is an emerging technology already competing with in vivo expression methods. In this chapter the basic principles of continuous-exchange protein synthesizing systems, and protocols for Escherichia coli and wheat germ translation and transcription-translation systems are described. The ways to improve substrate supply in cell-free systems and mRNA design for eukaryotic system are discussed. Correct folding of the synthesized protein is demonstrated and discussed in detail.
Promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad. (2003)

La actual politica social de corte neoliberal ha dado origen a la Ley 715 de 2001, que distribuye los recursos para educacion y salud en un contexto de disciplina fiscal y recorte al gasto publico, (re)definiendo la reasignacion de recursos de la Nacion a los entes territoriales. Dicha Ley se queda corta en materia de indicadores socioeconomicos, asi como de acciones en promocion de la salud y prevencion de la enfermedad, al poner enfasis en tan solo unos programas del Plan Obligatorio de Salud y al desconocer en la reasignacion de recursos a los entes territoriales el retroceso en indicadores socioeconomicos y de desarrollo humano para Colombia.
An efficient micro-method of DNA isolation from mature leaves of four hardwood tree species Acer, Fraxinus, Prunus and Quercus (1999)

It is difficult to purify DNA from mature tree leaves at the end of the growing season, because of their thick cell wall, and high content in polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and endonucleases. A simple, fast and efficient method for DNA purification from 100 mg fresh weight leaf samples is described here. It has been developed for extracting DNA from mature leaves of Quercus, Fraxinus Prunus and Acer. The protocol is a modified CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) method including a combina- tion of &beta;-mercaptoethanol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate and lithium chloride including short centrifugation runs. It is very efficient yielding up to 950 &mu;g DNA/g of fresh weight, even when very mature leaves are processed. The extracted DNA was used as template to characterise oaks by microsatellite analysis. Its efficiency has been compared to four commercially available kits and two other published. CTAB protocols. The protocol is also inexpensive compared to commercial kits. ( &copy; Inra/Elsevier, Paris.) Acer / DNA purification / Fraxinus / Prunus / Quercus Rsum -Une micro-mthode d'extraction d'ADN partir de feuilles matures de quatre espces d'arbres forestiers Acer, Fraxinus, Prunus et Quercus. Il est difficile de purifier l'ADN de feuilles d'arbres maturit et spcialement la fin de la priode de croissance c'est--dire en automne, pour plusieurs raisons, telles que de fortes concentrations de polysaccharides, de composs phnoliques et d'endonuclases ainsi que des parois cellulaires paisses. Nous dcrivons une micro-mthode efficace et rapide per- mettant de purifier de l'ADN partir de 100 mg de poids frais de feuilles maturit des espces d'arbres suivantes : Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus avium et Acer pseudoplatanus. Le protocole est bas sur l'utilisation de bromure d'hexad- cyltrimthylammonium (CTAB) combin a l'emploi de &beta;-mercaptothanol, de polyvinylpyrrolidone, de sodium dodcyl sulfate et de chlorure de lithium. Cette micro-mthode permet d'obtenir jusqu' 950 &mu;g DNA / g de poids frais. L'ADN, extrait d'une varit de matriels vgtaux (culture in vitro, matriel de serre ou prlevs en fort) par cette mthode, est de la qualit ncessaire aux tech- niques de biologie molculaire (digestion enzymatique, clonage ou amplification par la raction de la polymrase en chane (PCR) de marqueurs microsatellites). Son efficacit compare celle de quatre protocoles commercialiss et deux autres protocoles bass sur l'emploi de CTAB est suprieure en rendement et qualit. Ce protocole a enfin l'avantage d'tre bon march par rapport aux protocles commerciaux. (&copy; Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)
Combining Hit Identification Strategies: Fragment-Based and in Silico Approaches to Orally Active 2-Aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Inhibitors of the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone (2009)

Inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone are showing considerable promise as potential molecular therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Here we describe novel 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors, which were designed by combining structural elements of distinct low affinity hits generated from fragment-based and in silico screening exercises in concert with structural information from X-ray protein crystallography. Examples from this series have high affinity (IC50 = 50-100 nM) for Hsp90 as measured in a fluorescence polarization (FP) competitive binding assay and are active in human cancer cell lines where they inhibit cell proliferation and exhibit a characteristic profile of depletion of oncogenic proteins and concomitant elevation of Hsp72. Several examples (34a, 34d and 34i) caused tumor growth regression at well tolerated doses when administered orally in a human BT474 human breast cancer xenograft model.
Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Strategy for Gene Therapy and Brain Repair (1998)

The damaged adult mammalian brain is incapable of significant structural self-repair. Although varying degrees of recovery from injury are possible, this is largely because of synaptic and functional plasticity rather than the frank regeneration of neural tissues. The lack of structural plasticity of the adult brain is partly because of its inability to generate new neurons, a limitation that has severely hindered the development of therapies for neurological injury or degeneration. However, a variety of experimental studies, as well as moderately successful clinical engraftment of fetal tissue into the adult parkinsonian brain, suggests that cell replacement is evolving as a valuable treatment modality. Neural stem cells, which are the self-renewing precursors of neurons and glia, have been isolated from both the embryonic and adult mammalian central nervous system. In the adult human brain, both neuronal and oligodendroglial precursors have been identified, and methods for their harvest and enrichment have been established. Neural precursors have several characteristics that make them ideal vectors for brain repair. They may be clonally expanded in tissue culture, providing a renewable supply of material for transplantation. Moreover, progenitors are ideal for genetic manipulation and may be engineered to express exogenous genes for neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and metabolic enzymes. Thus, the persistence of neuronal precursors in the adult mammalian brain may permit us to design novel and effective strategies for central nervous system repair, by which we may yet challenge the irreparability of the structurally damaged adult nervous system.
Therapy with un-engineered naïve rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells markedly inhibits growth of murine lung adenocarcinoma (2010)

These results indicate that rat UCMSCs alone remarkably attenuate the growth of lung carcinoma cells in vitro and in a mouse syngeneic lung carcinoma graft model and could be used for targeted cytotherapy for lung cancer.
Direct detection and imaging of low-energy electrons with delta-doped charge-coupled devices (1998)

We report the use of delta-doped charge-coupled devices (CCDs) for direct detection of electrons in the 50–1500 eV energy range. We show that modification of the CCD back surface by molecular beam epitaxy can greatly improve sensitivity to low-energy electrons by introducing an atomically abrupt dopant profile to eliminate the dead layer. Using delta-doped CCDs, we have extended the energy threshold for detection of electrons by over an order of magnitude. We have also measured high gain in response to low-energy electrons using delta-doped CCDs. The effect of multiple electron hole pair production on the observed signals is discussed. Electrons have been directly imaged with a delta-doped CCD in the 250–750 eV range.
Biolistic techniques for transfection of mosquito embryos (Anopheles gambiae). (1994)

To compensate for the extremely low rates of transformation by DNA microinjection into mosquito embryos of Anopheles gambiae, biolistic techniques were evaluated for introduction of DNA into large numbers of mosquito embryos. Biolistic experiments were first performed with a commercially available instrument intended for this purpose, according to the recommended procedure. The amount of DNA delivered was measured by the expression of luciferase under the control of the Drosophila heat shock protein (hsp) 70 promoter. Despite attempts to optimize biolistic parameters, the level of luciferase activity was low and highly variable. Two other methods of biolistic delivery of DNA-coated particles in aqueous suspension were then evaluated. One method used the gas explosion of the commercially available instrument (mentioned above) to drive an aqueous suspension of DNA-coated particles at high pressure. This method reproducibly increased the level of expression about 100-fold without greatly reducing embryo viability. Another method, which was recently described for plant transfection, uses lower pressure to deliver the aqueous suspension of DNA-coated particles. The level of expression of luciferase and the survival of embryos were equivalent to that obtained with the instrument modified for aqueous delivery of particles. Thus, both aqueous methods offer the advantages of reproducibly delivering more DNA to the embryos. Moreover, these methods could be suitable for delivering DNA mixed with proteins, such as restriction endonucleases and integrases, that may be destroyed by ethanol precipitation used in the standard PDS-1000/He method.