gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Main Routes of Oxygen Ingress through Different Closures into Wine Bottles (2007)

The main routes of oxygen ingress into wine bottles through "technical" cork stoppers (Neutrocork), natural cork stoppers, and synthetic closures (Nomacorc) were investigated. A comparison was made among closures left uncovered (controls), closures with the closure-glass interface covered, and closures completely covered with a polyurethane impermeable varnish. The oxygen ingress into the bottles was measured by a nondestructive colorimetric method. Technical cork stoppers were essentially impermeable to atmospheric oxygen during the first 24 months of storage. Oxygen within natural corks diffused slowly but continuously into the bottles over the first 12 months of storage and in very tiny amounts through the cork-glass interface the 12 months thereafter. Nomacorc synthetic closures were permeable to atmospheric oxygen, mainly after the first month of storage.
Prostaglandin E2 enhances T-cell proliferation by inducing the costimulatory molecules OX40L, CD70, and 4-1BBL on dendritic cells (2008)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy of malignant diseases relies on 2 critical parameters: antigen transport from the periphery to draining lymph nodes and efficient priming of primary and stimulation of secondary immune responses. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) signaling has been shown to be pivotal for DC migration toward lymph node-derived chemokines in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that PGE(2) induced the expression of the costimulatory molecules OX40L, CD70, and 4-1BBL on human DCs. Short triggering by PGE(2) early during DC maturation was sufficient to induce the costimulatory molecules. The expression of the costimulatory molecules was independent of the maturation stimulus but strictly dependent on PGE(2) on both monocyte-derived (Mo) DCs and peripheral blood myeloid (PB) DCs. PGE(2)-matured MoDCs showed enhanced costimulatory capacities resulting in augmented antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferation in primary and recall T-cell responses. Blocking OX40/OX40L signaling impaired the enhanced T-cell proliferation induced by PGE(2)-matured MoDCs. Moreover, MoDCs matured in the presence of PGE(2) induced the expression of OX40, OX40L, and CD70 on T cells facilitating T-cell/T-cell interaction that warrant long-lasting costimulation. This newly identified parameter will help to further optimize DC-based immunotherapy.
Low-cost flywheel demonstration program (1980)

Abstract : The Applied Physics Laboratory/Department of Energy Low Cost Flywheel Demonstration Program was initiated on 1 October 1977 and was successfully concluded on 31 December 1979. The total cost of this program was $355,190. All primary objectives were successfully achieved as follows: demonstration of a full-size, l-kwh flywheel having an estimated cost in large-volume production of approximately $50/kwh; development of a ball-bearing system having losses comparable to the losses in a totally magnetic suspension system; successful and repeated demonstration of the low-cost flywheel in a complete flywheel energy-storage system based on the use of ordinary house voltage and frequency; and application of the experience gained in the hardware program to project the system design into a complete, full-scale, 30-kwh home-type flywheel energy-storage system. (AN)
Laser diffraction and speckling studies in skeletal and heart muscle. (1986)

The optical setup including a low power helium-neon laser as well as microcomputer system based U 880 for on line investigation of laser diffraction and scattering in skeletal and heart muscle is described. Frog muscle single fibres yield excellent laser diffraction patterns which are best adapted to measurements of the sarcomere dynamics. In the presence of 6 mM caffeine the diffraction disappears gradually and a moving speckle pattern occurs. Diffraction and speckle phenomena are compared of skeletal and heart muscle preparations. From autocorrelation and Fourier transformation of intensity fluctuations ("speckling") in resting mammalian cardiac muscle tissue results a favoured frequency of 1 Hz. It is supposed that clusters of sarcomeres move rhythmically but independent from each other as long as the preparation is not stimulated repetitively.
Drug traffic in the hepatobiliary system. (1996)

The majority of patients with chronic hepatitis C have a classical parenteral transmission risk factor. In our study, no source of HCV acquisition was identified in 38.7% of patients. It may well be that the major factors in these "sporadic" HCV infections are variations on the known risk factors. However, since the proportion of these cases is rather high, further attention should be on alternative and as yet unclear transmission routes.
Structure and function of ASP, the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene (1995)

The mouse agouti coat color gene encodes a novel paracrine signaling molecule whose pulsatile expression produces a characteristic pattern of banded pigment in individual hairs. Several spontaneous agouti alleles produce adult-onset obesity and diabetes, and have provided important single-gene animal models for alterations in energy metabolism. Utilizing linkage groups conserved between mice and humans, we have cloned the human homolog of the mouse agouti gene from a human chromosome 20 yeast artificial chromosome known to contain S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (AHCY). The human agouti gene, named Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP), encodes a 132 amino acid protein, the mRNA for which is expressed in testis, ovary, and heart, and at lower levels in liver, kidney, and foreskin. As predicted by the interactions of mouse agouti with the extension gene (which encodes the melanocyte receptor for alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone [alpha-MSH]), expression of ASP in transgenic mice produces a yellow coat, and expression of ASP in cell culture blocks the alpha-MSH-stimulated accumulation of cAMP in mouse melanoma cells. The localization of ASP relative to other loci on chromosome 20 excludes it as a candidate for the MODY1 locus, a gene responsible for one form of early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The expression of ASP in human tissues suggests a function for agouti homologs in species that do not exhibit the characteristic phenotype of banded hairs.
Intrusion Detection Through Dynamic Software Measurement (1999)

Medial entorhinal cortex (EC) deep layer neurons projecting to the dentate gyrus (DG) were studied. Neurons, retrogradely-labelled with rhodamine-dextran-amine were characterized electrophysiologically with the patch clamp technique and finally labelled with biocytin. Pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons form projections from the deep layers of the EC to the molecular layer of the DG. In addition, both classes of projection neurons send ascending axon collaterals to the superficial layers of the EC. Both classes of neurons were characterized physiologically by regular action potential firing upon depolarizing current injection. While a substantial number of pyramidal projection cells showed intrinsic membrane potential oscillations, none of the studied nonpyramidal cells exhibited oscillations. Despite the morphological similarity of bipolar and multipolar cells to those of GABAergic interneurons in the EC, their electrophysiological characteristics were similar to those of principal neurons and immunocytochemistry for GABA was negative. We conclude, that neurons of the deep layers of the medial EC projecting to the DG may function as both local circuit and projecting neurons thereby contributing to synchronization between deep layers of the EC, superficial layers of the EC and the DG.
Synthesis of Selenocystine and Selenohomocystine withO-Acetylhomoserine Sulfhydrylase (1985)

We describe here the synthesis of selenium amino acids with O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase, partially purified from baker’s yeast. The enzyme was found to catalyze the synthesis of l-selenocystine and l-selenohomocystine from Na2Se2 with the corresponding acetyl-derivatives of serine and homoserine, respectively. l-Serine-O-sulfate also serves as a substrate of the β-replacement reaction. Na2Se2 is less efficient as a substituent donor than the physiological substrate, NaHS, and inhibits the enzyme at high concentrations. Therefore, limited amounts of Na2Se2 were added to the reaction mixture to increase the yield (50 to 60%). This provides a facile method to produce optically active selenocystine and selenohomocystine.
N-glycosylation of human interferon-γ: glycans at Asn-25 are critical for protease resistance (1995)

Human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a secretory, dimeric glycoprotein that forms a compact globular structure with potential N-linked glycosylation sites at Asn-25 and Asn-97 on the surface of the dimer. In natural leucocyte IFN-gamma (nIFN-gamma), 52%, 39% and 9% of the monomers are core-glycosylated in two, one or none of the potential N-glycosylation sites respectively. Chemical cross-linking of nIFN-gamma with glutaraldehyde revealed that 4, 3, 2 or 1 glycosylation sites occupied 28%, 40%, 26% and 6% of the dimers respectively. In baculovirus-produced wild-type (Wt) and N-linked glycosylation site-defective mutant (N25Q or N97Q, Asn-25 or Asn-97 substituted by Gln) IFN-gamma proteins, the extent of core glycosylation of monomers reflected the glycan composition of dimers. This suggests that dimers are formed randomly and independently of glycosylation. The glycan residues of IFN-gamma, especially at Asn-25, play an important role in protease resistance. Unglycosylated recombinant IFN-gamma proteins (from Escherichia coli and baculovirus) and N25Q IFN-gamma were sensitive to crude granulocyte protease, purified elastase, cathepsin G and plasmin degradation. Fully glycosylated nIFN-gamma and baculovirus Wt and N97Q IFN-gamma showed full or partial resistance to these proteases. These results emphasize the importance of glycan residues, especially at Asn-25, in the proteolytic stability of human IFN-gamma. Whether the differential glycosylation of n- and recombinant IFN-gamma (rIFN-gamma) is reflected in their biological activities in tissues or their clinical applicability is not known.
The Convenient Synthesis of Amphiphilic Phenanthroline Derivatives (2003)

Abstract Three novel amphiphilic 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives, 2-(4′-octadecyloxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (5), 2-(3′-methyloxy-4′-octadecyloxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (6), and 3-octadecyl-2-(4′-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo [4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (7) were synthesized via a facile, two-step procedure.
Sulfamylurea Hypoglycemic Agents. I. Synthesis and Screening (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfamylurea Hypoglycemic Agents. I. Synthesis and ScreeningJ. M. McManus, J. W. McFarland, C. F. Gerber, W. M. McLamore, and G. D. LaubachCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 766–776Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autophagy of Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (2019)

Although necrosis and apoptosis are uncommon, autophagy of sensory neurons (ASN) in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia is a very common, spontaneous finding in cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>). Data from one author's (Butt) laboratory showed 12 of 22 studies (year range 2017 to 2019) that included the evaluation of sensory ganglia from cynomolgus monkeys had at least one control animal with ASN. Autophagy of sensory neurons is characterized by a distinct cell membrane, cytoplasm filled with autolysosomes, disintegrated nuclear membrane, and/or globules of degraded chromatin. Since these changes are consistent with autophagy and indicate an irreversible state, a diagnosis of autophagy is preferred instead of necrosis or degeneration. Sensory ganglia are not commonly evaluated in nonclinical toxicology investigations so many pathologists may be unaware of this common change. Especially due to the typically small group size of monkey studies, the observation of this change in sensory ganglia may lead to a faulty interpretation that this change is due to the test article. This article describes the light microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of neuronal autophagy in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and provides historical control data of the incidence of this change in cynomolgus monkeys.
Black cumin seed essential oil, as a potent analgesic and antiinﬂammatory drug (2004)

The steam-distilled essential oil of Iranian black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was investigated for its composition and analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. After oil analysis by GC/MS, 20 compounds were identified in the oil, obtained in 0.4% (v/w) yield. Among them, para-cymene (37.3%) and thymoquinone (13.7%) were the major components. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and light tail flick tests were used for assessment of analgesic activity. Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice. Black cumin seed essential oil (BCSEO) was found to produce a significant analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and light tail flick tests. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, could not reverse the analgesic effect observed in the formalin test. Although oral administration of BCSEO at doses of 100, 200 and 400 micro L/kg did not exert a significant antiinflammatory effect in the carrageenan test, i.p. injection of the same doses significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema. BCSEO at doses of 10 and 20 micro L/ear could also reduce croton oil-induced oedema. It seems that mechanism(s) other than opioid receptors is (are) involved in the analgesic effect of BCSEO since naloxone could not reverse this effect. Both systemic and local administration of BCSEO showed antiinflammatory activity. Thymoquinone, as one of the major components of BCSEO, probably has an important role in these pharmacological effects.
A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of atrasentan in men with metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (2007)

Atrasentan did not delay disease progression in men with metastatic HRPC despite evidence of biologic effects on PSA and BAP as markers of disease burden.
Influence of adsorption-desorption process on resonant frequency and noise of micro- and nanocantilevers (2003)

Scientists in the field of NEMS today are focused on the problem of achieving the lowest detectable mass of the atomic force microscope and molecular microscope probes. This paper deals with this problem starting from the theory of the adsorption-desorption noise and also the noise caused by temperature fluctuations and Johnson's noise. We found that the adsorption-desorption noise clearly exceeds the noise of the other sources at lower frequencies. According to the results we obtained for a typical microcantilever fabricated by NEMS processes, the order of magnitude of the noise equivalent mass (NEM) is NEM/spl sim/10/sup 4/ D (1 D=1.7/spl middot/10/sup -27/ kg).
Determinants of T cell reactivity to the Mycobacterium leprae GroES homologue (1997)

The 10-kDa protein Ag of Mycobacterium leprae, a human GroES hsp10 cognate, is a major T cell Ag in human leprosy infection. We investigated the mechanism for T cell responsiveness to this Ag according to the trimolecular interaction between T cell, peptide, and Ag-presenting element. This research was accomplished by mapping T cell epitopes in leprosy patients and correlating these responses with peptide-MHC binding affinities. We found that the majority of tuberculoid leprosy patients responded to peptides corresponding to residues 25-39 and 28-42. Truncation analysis of these peptides mapped the exact epitope to be within the overlapping region comprising residues 28-39. Responsiveness was correlated with the HLA-DRB5*0101 allele, which bound the peptides with moderate affinity. This allele is linked to HLA-DR2, which is associated with the resistant form of leprosy. Therefore, T cell responsiveness in tuberculoid leprosy may be mediated by the ability of HLA-DRB5*0101 to bind and present peptides of the immunodominant 10-kDa Ag.
Haptic Control Design for Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (2006)

This paper discusses the design of a control system for robotic-assisted surgery with haptic feedback. The operational space control has a position-position teleopearation architecture with the phantom in the loop, enabling telepresence in free-space and contact. The null space control guarantees that surgical kinematic constraints are fulfilled. Both task and posture control run active observers (AOBs) in Cartesian domain, taking into account force, velocity and position signals. Experiments with a D2M2 (direct drive medical manipulator) robot are presented
Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia infections in a Turkish university hospital: a five-year surveillance (2009)

The incidence of nosocomial B. cepacia infections was rare in our hospital, and no outbreak was detected during the study period. However, infections caused by B. cepacia should be taken into consideration because of their high mortality due to multidrug resistance in ICU settings.
Dimethyl fumarate – only an anti‐psoriatic medication? (2012)

Fumaric acid esters have been used successfully in the therapy of psoriasis vulgaris since 1959. In the last 17 years, many of the underlying mechanisms of anti-psoriatic action, such as a Th1/Th2 shift, a suppression of important leukocyte adhesion molecules, the induction of pro-apoptotic pathways in T-cells and recently anti-angiogenic action, have been discovered. Based on the knowledge of these immunomodulatory characteristics, fumaric acid esters have been shown to be effective or potentially effective in a multitude of dermatological as well as non-dermatological diseases. The range of new therapeutic targets reaches from multiple sclerosis to illnesses such as necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare and sarcoidosis. Experimental approaches offer promising, although preliminary, results on the treatment of cancer, malaria, chronic inflammatory lung diseases, and Huntington disease, to name but a few. This valued and well-known drug mainly prescribed by dermatologists is now experiencing a renaissance far beyond dermatologic applications.
The growth of nanoscale structured iron films by glancing angle deposition (1999)

Chiral nanostructured thin films can be produced through precise control of the angle of incidence of a vapor flux concurrent with substrate rotation. The technique has been employed to create unique porous iron thin film structures on Si(100) with a columnar microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy images illustrate columnar iron films produced with azimuthal rotation during sample growth with the incident flux at an angle of 75° with respect to the surface normal. The columns were found to be well isolated with a narrow distribution of diameters, resulting in aspect ratios of approximately 8 to 1. Hysteresis loops reveal the columnar growth induced a large magnetic shape anisotropy relative to that observed for an iron film grown with normal incidence. The evolution of the columnar microstructure was followed from simple oblique deposition (no substrate rotation), giving a fibrous slanted microstructure, to high-speed rotation where a broad size distribution of highly faceted columnar structures was observed. The measured microstructure is related to the observed magnetic properties.
Management policies for non-volatile write caches (1999)

Many computer hardware and software architectures buffer data in memory to improve system performance. Volatile disk or file caches are sometimes used to delay the propagation of writes to disk (called delayed writes). While delayed writes improve system performance, volatile caches can cause the loss of vital data during sudden failure. In this study, we investigate managing non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) caches with different simple strategies to delay writes to disk. We evaluate the performance of NVRAM caches using three measures of merit: the number of stalled writes which wait while the cache is cleaned before being serviced the mean service time far I/O requests, and the number of writes generated by cleaning the cache. Our results show that even small non-volatile write caches using simple management policies can reduce the number of writes to disk by at least 70% and as much as 80% in some cases. Our results also show that the number of stalled writes is high: 30% at best and nearly 100% at worst. Adding pro-active purging effectively decreases both stalled writes and disk write activity.
Proactive caching of online video by mining mainstream media (2013)

Online video sharing is becoming more and more popular and demands a large amount of network resources. Caching content has been an effective method for providing better quality of service for video applications. In the age of social network, information sharing and consumption has significantly changed. More and more viewers of online videos are influenced by the trends in social and mainstream media. Given the rich information about the trends in the media, we propose a cross-platform, proactive video caching scheme in this paper. We employ a combination of the topic modeling tool Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and frequent pattern mining algorithm Apriori to effectively detect and connect trending topics from mainstream media to online videos. Furthermore, we design a reputation-based video-ranking algorithm to select candidates for caching at geographically relevant proxy nodes to reduce the delay and improve the overall traffic in the network. Simulation results show that our cross-domain proactive caching method performs significantly better than classical caching methods that are based on the historical popularity.