gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTITHYROID DRUGS AND IODINE ON THYROID CELL MHC CLASS II ANTIGEN EXPRESSION (1989)

We have investigated the influence of antithyroid drugs (methimazole and propylthiouracil) and sodium iodide on the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigen expression in human and rat thyroid cells. While methimazole and propylthiouracil significantly inhibited lectin-induced MHC class II (HLA-DR) antigen in crude human thyroid monolayer preparations these drugs had no influence on gamma-interferon induction of class II antigens in similar cell preparations. Hence, antithyroid drugs probably had a direct effect on thyroid monolayer T cells which are known to effect the lectin induction of MHC class II antigen via T-cell secretion of the cytokine, gamma-interferon (IF). Sodium iodide, similarly, had no direct influence on human thyroid cell MHC class II antigen expression induced by gamma-IF. However, iodide significantly inhibited the gamma-IF-induced expression of MHC class II antigens in a proliferating rat thyroid cell clone derived from FRTL-5 cells (clone 1B-6). In the rat thyroid cell clone this antagonistic action appeared to be exerted via inhibition of TSH-induced proliferation. These data add further support to the multifactorial nature of the profound immunosuppressive influence of antithyroid drugs in autoimmune thyroid disease and experimental thyroiditis. In contrast, iodides may have a major, and often overlooked, influence on thyroid cell proliferation and antigen expression.
Solution structure of the Shc SH2 domain complexed with a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide from the T-cell receptor. (1995)

She is a widely expressed adapter protein that plays an important role in signaling via a variety of cell surface receptors and has been implicated in coupling the stimulation of growth factor, cytokine, and antigen receptors to the Ras signaling pathway. She interacts with several tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors through its C-terminal SH2 domain, and one of the mechanisms of T-cell receptor-mediated Ras activation involves the interaction of the Shc SH2 domain with the tyrosine-phosphorylated zeta chain of the T-cell receptor. Here we describe a high-resolution NMR structure of the Shc SH2 domain complexed to a phosphopeptide (GHDGLpYQGLSTATK) corresponding to a portion of the zeta chain of the T-cell receptor. Although the overall architecture of the protein is similar to other SH2 domains, distinct structural differences were observed in the smaller beta-sheet, BG loop, (pY + 3) phosphopeptide-binding site, and relative position of the bound phosphopeptide.
Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation. Normalization of the nu/nu follicular differentiation defect and amelioration of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. (1995)

The growth and development of hair follicles is influenced by a number of different growth factors and cytokines, particularly members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF or FGF-7) is a recently identified 28-kd member of the FGF family that induces proliferation of a wide variety of epithelial cells, including keratinocytes within the epidermis and dermal adnexa. Because KGF induces marked proliferation of keratinocytes, and both KGF and KGF receptor (KGFR) mRNA are expressed at high levels in skin, we sought to localize KGF and KGFR in skin by in situ hybridization. KGFR mRNA was relatively strongly expressed by keratinocytes in the basilar epidermis as well as throughout developing hair follicles of rat embryos and neonates. KGF mRNA was expressed at lower levels than was KGFR but could be localized to follicular dermal papillae in rat embryos and neonates. These results prompted us to investigate the effects of KGF on hair follicles in two distinct murine models of alopecia. In the first model, recombinant KGF (rKGF) induced dose-dependent hair growth over most of the body in nu/nu athymic nude mice when administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously over 17 to 18 days. When administered subcutaneously, rKGF induced the most extensive hair growth at the sites of injection. Histologically, rKGF induced marked follicular and sebaceous gland hypertrophy, a normalization of the nu/nu follicular keratinization defect, and an increase in follicular keratinocyte proliferation as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine labeling. In the second model, a neonatal rat model of cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy-induced alopecia in which interleukin-1, epidermal growth factor, and acidic FGF have all demonstrated some degree of alopecia cytoprotection, rKGF induced a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect, abrogating as much as 50% of the alopecia in this model when administered beginning 1 day before the onset of chemotherapy. Taken together, these data suggest that KGF is an important endogenous mediator of normal hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation.
The management of lower extremity wounds complicated by acute arterial insufficiency and ischemia. (2004)

Although wound care therapy has made significant advances in the past several years, clinicians encounter dilemmas on a day-to-day basis. One of these dilemmas is managing ischemic wounds. Certain characteristics (ischemic appearance, a history of a lack of healing, physical examination that finds no pulses, or a transcutaneous oxygen evaluation to suggest tissue hypoxia) will identify the wound as hypoxic or related to arterial disease. The clinician faces several decisions: Should an arteriogram be performed? Should an MRI or ABIs be ordered? Is a vascular surgery consult necessary? In response to this area of diagnostic and management conflict, the authors developed an algorithm for the treatment of patients with ischemic wounds. This article addresses the management of wounds primarily caused by peripheral arterial occlusive disease and includes discussion of the initial wound care consult, the factors that identify and classify patients with arterial wounds, and a description of how transcutaneous oximetry is used to evaluate this subgroup of patients. In addition, the concept of the Vascular Center is introduced and explained, including arterial vascular consultation and evaluation, arterial vascular anatomy, and noninvasive vascular studies that are important tools in the Vascular Center, as well as endovascular interventions such as arteriography, angioplasty and arterial stenting. The basics of arterial revascularization, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to manage the patients with ischemic wounds, and outcome data from a case study illustrating the management algorithm utilized at the authors' facility also are presented.
ENCODE whole-genome data in the UCSC Genome Browser: update 2012 (2011)

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Consortium is entering its 5th year of production-level effort generating high-quality whole-genome functional annotations of the human genome. The past year has brought the ENCODE compendium of functional elements to critical mass, with a diverse set of 27 biochemical assays now covering 200 distinct human cell types. Within the mouse genome, which has been under study by ENCODE groups for the past 2 years, 37 cell types have been assayed. Over 2000 individual experiments have been completed and submitted to the Data Coordination Center for public use. UCSC makes this data available on the quality-reviewed public Genome Browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu) and on an early-access Preview Browser (http://genome-preview.ucsc.edu). Visual browsing, data mining and download of raw and processed data files are all supported. An ENCODE portal (http://encodeproject.org) provides specialized tools and information about the ENCODE data sets.
Oxidized LDL modulates activation of NFκB in mononuclear phagocytes by altering the degradation of IκBs (1998)

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is known to alter the expression of inflammatory gene products in mononuclear phagocytes. The mechanisms involved in this effect were studied by examining the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), a transcription factor known to be important in controlling the expression of such genes. Pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with oxLDL modulated the activation of NFkappaB in response to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the combination of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). In macrophages pretreated with oxLDL the nuclear translocation of Rel family members (RelA and c-Rel) is delayed (LPS) or markedly diminished (IFN-gamma/IL-2) and results in delayed or reduced appearance of kappaB binding activity within the nucleus. These changes in NFkappaB activation result from alterations in the stimulus-dependent degradation of IkappaB alpha and IkappaB beta. The effects of oxLDL on NFkappaB activation depend both on the degree of LDL oxidation (most potent with extensive oxidation) and on the time of exposure of the cells to the lipoprotein preparation (a minimal exposure of 6 h is required before inhibitory effects are observed). The modulation of IkappaB/NFkappaB function in cells exposed to oxLDL appears to be responsible for previously reported effects of oxLDL on chemoattractant cytokine gene expression where both inhibition and delay of such stimulus-dependent events has been observed.
Multilineage Cells from Human Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cell-Based Therapies (2001)

Future cell-based therapies such as tissue engineering will benefit from a source of autologous pluripotent stem cells. For mesodermal tissue engineering, one such source of cells is the bone marrow stroma. The bone marrow compartment contains several cell populations, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are capable of differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic cells. However, autologous bone marrow procurement has potential limitations. An alternate source of autologous adult stem cells that is obtainable in large quantities, under local anesthesia, with minimal discomfort would be advantageous. In this study, we determined if a population of stem cells could be isolated from human adipose tissue. Human adipose tissue, obtained by suction-assisted lipectomy (i.e., liposuction), was processed to obtain a fibroblast-like population of cells or a processed lipoaspirate (PLA). These PLA cells can be maintained in vitro for extended periods with stable population doubling and low levels of senescence. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry show that the majority of PLA cells are of mesodermal or mesenchymal origin with low levels of contaminating pericytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Finally, PLA cells differentiate in vitro into adipogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic cells in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that a human lipoaspirate contains multipotent cells and may represent an alternative stem cell source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.
Development of a commercial enzymes system for lignocellulosic biomass saccharification (2012)

DSM Innovation Inc., in its four year effort was able to evaluate and develop its in-house DSM fungal cellulolytic enzymes system to reach enzyme efficiency mandates set by DoE Biomass program MYPP goals. DSM enzyme cocktail is uniquely active at high temperature and acidic pH, offering many benefits and product differentiation in 2G bioethanol production. Under this project, strain and process development, ratio optimization of enzymes, protein and genetic engineering has led to multitudes of improvement in productivity and efficiency making development of a commercial enzyme system for lignocellulosic biomass saccharification viable. DSM is continuing further improvement by additional biodiversity screening, protein engineering and overexpression of enzymes to continue to further lower the cost of enzymes for saccharification of biomass.
An overview of the modulation and channel coding schemes developed for digital terrestrial television broadcasting within the dTTb project (1994)

The RACE dTTb project (Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting), launched in spring 1992, finalized the definition of its first hardware demonstrator during the first quarter of 1994. Development tasks have been shared by dTTb partners in order to realize a complete equipment by beginning of 1995. The objective of the project is to offer a significant contribution for the standardization of the European digital terrestrial television system; this should be based on a well-established experience relying on field trials using real-time hardware. Therefore, this first demonstrator will provide a large flexibility in relation with service facilities and network operation facilities. Concerning service facilities, the chosen modulation and channel coding schemes should allow multiprogramming capabilities as well as hierarchical services, with downward and upward compatibilities. This means that fixed as well as portable reception should be optimally supported. Concerning network operation facilities, the system will be designed to handle the most stringent multipath propagation conditions. This opens the possibility to operate Single Frequency Networks (SFN), which allows for an optimized field strength distribution, thus avoiding the use of very high power transmitters and reducing the frequency re-use distances.
A New 40 GHz Digital Distribution Radio with Single Local Oscillator (2005)

We have developed a new 40 GHz digital radio equipment which uses single Impatt diode oscillator functioning as transmitting local oscillator, transmitting frequency converter and receiving local oscillator simultaneously. This radio equipment is so designed compact that it ensures excellent cost-performance for local trunking.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain expression shapes the B cell receptor repertoire in human B cell development (2001)

Developing B cells must pass a series of checkpoints that are regulated by membrane-bound Ig(mu) through the Igalpha-Igbeta signal transducers. To determine how Ig(mu) expression affects B cell development and Ab selection in humans we analyzed Ig gene rearrangements in pro-B cells from two patients who are unable to produce Ig(mu) proteins. We find that Ig(mu) expression does not affect V(H), D, or J(H) segment usage and is not required for human Igkappa and Iglambda recombination or expression. However, the heavy and light chains found in pro-B cells differed from those in peripheral B cells in that they showed unusually long CDR3s. In addition, the Igkappa repertoire in Ig(mu)-deficient pro-B cells was skewed to downstream Jkappas and upstream Vkappas, consistent with persistent secondary V(D)J rearrangements. Thus, Ig(mu) expression is not required for secondary V(D)J recombination in pro-B cells. However, B cell receptor expression shapes the Ab repertoire in humans and is essential for selection against Ab's with long CDR3s.
Clinical Development of Perfluorocarbon-based Emulsions as Red Cell Substitutes (1995)

The use of PFCs in medicine has been the subject of much research over the past 30 years. Recent technological progress in second generation oxygen transport products has solved many of the problems of Fluosol DA® including PFC concentration, elimination of surfactant side effects and improved storage stability. Some side effects, most notably, thrombocytopenia and flu-like symptoms still remain to be solved. Two new oxygen transport formulations, Oxyfluor™ and Oxygent™ are in clinical trials at this time. Several applications of PFCs have been approved for use by the FDA but have languished in the market place. Prominent among these is the application of Fluosol DA® to PTCA and Imagent GI for MRI contrast in the bowel. Other applications such as cancer therapy, ultrasound contrast and direct19FMR imaging continue to show promise.
Cytolytic CD4+-T-Cell Clones Reactive to EBNA1 Inhibit Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B-Cell Proliferation (2003)

In the absence of immune surveillance, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells generate neoplasms in vivo and transformed cell lines in vitro. In an in vitro system which modeled the first steps of in vivo immune control over posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease and lymphomas, our investigators previously demonstrated that memory CD4(+) T cells reactive to EBV were necessary and sufficient to prevent proliferation of B cells newly infected by EBV (S. Nikiforow et al., J. Virol. 75:3740-3752, 2001). Here, we show that three CD4(+)-T-cell clones reactive to the latent EBV antigen EBNA1 also prevent the proliferation of newly infected B cells from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-matched donors, a crucial first step in the transformation process. EBNA1-reactive T-cell clones recognized B cells as early as 4 days after EBV infection through an HLA-DR-restricted interaction. They secreted Th1-type and Th2-type cytokines and lysed EBV-transformed established lymphoblastoid cell lines via a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. Once specifically activated, they also caused bystander regression and bystander killing of non-MHC-matched EBV-infected B cells. Since EBNA1 is recognized by CD4(+) T cells from nearly all EBV-seropositive individuals and evades detection by CD8(+) T cells, EBNA1-reactive CD4(+) T cells may control de novo expansion of B cells following EBV infection in vivo. Thus, EBNA1-reactive CD4(+)-T-cell clones may find use as adoptive immunotherapy against EBV-related lymphoproliferative disease and many other EBV-associated tumors.
Linkage, aggregation, alignment and enrichment of public user profiles with Mypes (2010)

Today, users leave a plethora of traces on the Web. They fill traditional profile information at social networking services, write articles in their personal blogs or annotate social media content in resource sharing systems such as Flickr or Delicious. In this paper we present the so-called Mypes service that connects, aggregates, aligns and enriches profile information form diverse online services and makes the bundled profiles available for end-users and third-party applications. It enables end-users to overview their distributed profile data traces and provides application developers means for integrating aggregated profile data into their applications to feature personalization. Our evaluation reveals the benefits of Mypes: it generates semantically rich user profiles with high precision.
An LC-VCO with one octave tuning range (2006)

This paper presents a fully integrated low power and low phase-noise VCO, having a tuning range over one octave (1.2 GHz to 2.5 GHz). The architecture is fully differential and the differential tuning offers a common-mode rejection of 31 dB. The VCO is implemented in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process using a 1.8 V supply. The circuit, including the bias, consumes only 11.6 mW at 1.2 GHz oscillation frequency, the phase-noise is -129 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset.
Transduction of the Scorpion Toxin Maurocalcine into Cells (2005)

Maurocalcine (MCa) is a 33-amino-acid residue peptide toxin isolated from the scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus. External application of MCa to cultured myotubes is known to produce Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. MCa binds directly to the skeletal muscle isoform of the ryanodine receptor, an intracellular channel target of the endoplasmic reticulum, and induces long lasting channel openings in a mode of smaller conductance. Here we investigated the way MCa proceeds to cross biological membranes to reach its target. A biotinylated derivative of MCa was produced (MCa(b)) and complexed with a fluorescent indicator (streptavidine-cyanine 3) to follow the cell penetration of the toxin. The toxin complex efficiently penetrated into various cell types without requiring metabolic energy (low temperature) or implicating an endocytosis mechanism. MCa appeared to share the same features as the so-called cell-penetrating peptides. Our results provide evidence that MCa has the ability to act as a molecular carrier and to cross cell membranes in a rapid manner (1-2 min), making this toxin the first demonstrated example of a scorpion toxin that translocates into cells.
Synthesis and characterization of Escherichia coli O18 O-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (1990)

Nontoxic, serologically reactive O polysaccharide was derived from Escherichia coli O18 lipopolysaccharide by acid hydrolysis, extraction with organic solvents, and gel filtration chromatography. Oxidized O polysaccharide was covalently coupled to either Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A or cholera toxin by using adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule in the presence of carbodiimide. The resulting conjugates were composed of approximately equal amounts of O polysaccharide and protein and were nontoxic and nonpyrogenic. Both conjugates engendered an immunoglobulin G antibody response in rabbits that recognized native O18 lipopolysaccharide. Such antibody was able to promote the uptake and killing of an E. coli O18 strain bearing the K1 capsule by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Immunoglobulin G isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with either conjugate afforded protection against an E. coli O18 challenge when passively transferred to mice.
Shock compression of diamond crystal (1983)

Two shock wave experiments employing inclined mirrors have been carried out to determine the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), final shock state at 191 and 217 GPa, and the post‐shock state of diamond crystal, which is shock‐compressed along the intermediate direction between the &lt;111&gt; and &lt;110&gt; crystallographic axes. The HEL wave has a velocity of 19.9 ± 0.3 mm/µsec and an amplitude of 63 ± 28 GPa. An alternate interpretation of the inclined wedge mirror streak record suggests a ramp precursor wave and then another HEL value. The maximum post‐shock density achieved upon release from the ∼200 GPa shock state is ∼3.95 Mg/m³, which compares to the initial density 3.52 Mg/m³. This result suggests an elastic unloading effect or shock‐induced transition to a denser (possibly metallic) phase.
Secular Variation of Iron Isotopes in North Atlantic Deep Water (2000)

A high-precision iron isotope time series for a ferromanganese crust demonstrates that the iron isotope composition in North Atlantic Deep Water has changed substantially over the past 6 million years and that iron isotope variations in the crust are closely correlated to those of lead isotopes. The close correlation between the two isotope series indicates that the observed iron isotope variations predominantly reflect those of iron input from terrigenous sources and provides no evidence for biologically induced mass fractionation within North Atlantic Deep Water.
Erratum: Nonlinear microwave impedance of short and long Josephson junctions [Phys. Rev. B 59, 9573 (1999)] (2000)

The discussion of the resistively-shunted Josephson junction RSJ model starts with the second paragraph of section ''V. REMARKS'' on page 9578 of our paper. Throughout this section the remarks that were made pertain to the analysis where the RSJ model was used. Careful reading of our paper reveals that the reference 17 Portis et al. was cited in the context of the modulated microwave absorption experiments only. We were not referring to the model analysis carried out in the papers cited Ref. 17. Since no analysis was done in the paper by Portis et al. in terms of RSJ, it is clear that the subsequent discussion in our paragraph does not refer to or criticize the model analysis that Portis et al. have carried out in their paper. Instead the discussion refers to an RSJ model description of such experiments if one were to calculate dc quantities, rather than ac quantities, which are more appropriate, as is done in our paper. We acknowledge V. V. Srinivasu for requesting a clarification on this issue.