gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Butanol Formation by Clostridium acetobutylicum in the Presence of Decanol-Oleyl Alcohol Mixed Extractants (1988)

Extractive fermentation has been proposed to enhance the productivity of fermentations that are end product inhibited. Unfortunately, good extractants for butanol, such as decanol, are toxic to Clostridium acetobutylicum. The use of mixed extractants, namely, mixtures of toxic and nontoxic coextractants, was proposed to circumvent this toxicity. Decanol appeared to inhibit butanol formation by C. acetobutylicum when present in a mixed extractant that also contained oleyl alcohol. However, maintenance of the pH at 4.5 alleviated the inhibition of butanol production and the consumption of butyrate during solventogenesis. A mixed extractant that contained 20% decanol in oleyl alcohol enhanced butanol formation by 72% under pH-controlled conditions. The production of acetone and acetoin was also increased, even though these two products were not extractable. The enhancement of butanol formation was not limited by the toxicity of decanol. Supplementation of glucose and butyrate in the extractive fermentation yielded a 47% increase in butanol. The enhancement of butanol formation appeared to be dependent on the presence of dissolved decanol in the broth but was not observed unless an organic phase was present to extract butanol. A mechanism for the effects of decanol on product formation is proposed.
Driving Pressure and Survival in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2015)

We found that ΔP was the ventilation variable that best stratified risk. Decreases in ΔP owing to changes in ventilator settings were strongly associated with increased survival. (Funded by Fundação de Amparo e Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and others.).
On edge detection on surfaces (2009)

Edge detection in images has been a fundamental problem in computer vision from its early days. Edge detection on surfaces, on the other hand, has received much less attention. The most common edges on surfaces are ridges and valleys, used for processing range images in computer vision, as well as for non-photo realistic rendering in computer graphics. We propose a new type of edges on surfaces, termed relief edges. Intuitively, the surface can be considered as an unknown smooth manifold, on top of which a local height image is placed. Relief edges are the edges of this local image. We show how to compute these edges from the local differential geometric surface properties, by fitting a local edge model to the surface. We also show how the underlying manifold and the local images can be roughly approximated and exploited in the edge detection process. Last but not least, we demonstrate the application of relief edges to artifact illustration in archaeology.
Cloning and Expression of β-Glucuronidase from Lactobacillus brevis in E. coli and Application in Bioconversion of Baicalin and Wogonoside (2009)

The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene from Lactobacillus brevis RO1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli GMS407. The GUS gene was composed of 1812 bp, encoding a 603-amino-acid protein belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 2 with three conserved domains. The amino acid similarity was higher than 70% with the beta-glucuronidases of various microorganisms, yet less than 58% with the beta-glucuronidase of L. gasseri ADH. Overexpression and purification of the GUS was performed in beta-glucuronidase-deficient E. coli GMS407. The purified GUS protein was 71 kDa and showed 1284 U/mg of specific activity at optimum condition of pH 5.0 and 37 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the GUS remained stable for 80 min at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. The purified enzyme exhibited a half-life of 1 h at 60 degrees C and more than 2 h at 50 degrees C. When the purified GUS was applied to transform baicalin and wogonoside into their corresponding aglycones, 150 microM of baicalin and 125 microM of wogonoside were completely transformed into baicalein and wogonin, respectively, within 3 h.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the ispA Gene Responsible for Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Activity in Escherichia coli11 (1990)

The molecular cloning and the determination of the nucleotide sequence of the ispA gene responsible for farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase [EC 2.5.1.1] activity in Escherichia coli are described. E. coli ispA strains have temperature-sensitive FPP synthase, and the defective gene is located at about min 10 on the chromosome. The wild-type ispA gene was subcloned from a lambda phage clone containing the chromosomal fragment around min 10, picked up from the aligned genomic library of Kohara et al. [Kohara, Y., Akiyama, K., & Isono, K. (1987) Cell 50, 495-508]. The cloned gene was identified as the ispA gene by the recovery and amplification of FPP synthase activity in an ispA strain. A 1,452-nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment was determined. This sequence specifies two open reading frames, ORF-1 and ORF-2, encoding proteins with the expected molecular weights of 8,951 and 32,158, respectively. A part of the deduced amino acid sequence of ORF-2 showed similarity to the sequences of eucaryotic FPP synthases and of crtE product of a photosynthetic bacterium. The plasmid carrying ORF-2 downstream of the lac promoter complemented the defect of FPP synthase activity of the ispA mutant, showing that the product encoded by ORF-2 is the ispA product. The maxicell analysis indicated that a protein of molecular weight 36,000, approximately consistent with the molecular weight of the deduced ORF-2-encoded protein, is the gene product.
PONV in Ambulatory surgery: A comparison between Ramosetron and Ondansetron: a prospective, double-blinded, and randomized controlled study (2014)

it was evident that preoperative prophylactic administration of single dose IV Ramosetron (0.3 mg) has better efficacy than single dose IV Ondansetron (4 mg) in reducing the episodes of PONV over 18 h postoperatively in patients undergoing day-care surgery under general anesthesia.
Correlation of CD2 expression with PML gene breakpoints in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia [see comments] (1992)

Abstract The chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q22:21) of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fuses PML, a novel gene, with RAR alpha, a retinoic acid receptor gene. PML-RAR hybrid transcripts were studied in 18 cases of APL using RNA-PCR. Two forms were noted: one designated 5′, producing a 439-bp chimeric fragment, and a 3′ form, producing a pair of fragments of 765 bp and 909 bp. 5′ forms were found in 7 of the 18 cases while the other 11 patients expressed the 3′ forms. The chromosome 15 specific probes K3 and K2 were used to study genomic breakpoints in 12 APL patients. Comparison of these results with RNA PCR in 11 patients for whom both were available yielded a rearrangement pattern predictive of whether the hybrid transcript was 5′ or 3′. In this way, an additional three patients in whom DNA but not RNA was available were identified as having 3′ (downstream) breakpoints and, therefore, 3′ hybrid forms. Thus, 21 cases categorized as having 5′ or 3′ PML-RAR transcripts were analyzed for various phenotypic differences. Surface phenotyping of leukemic promyelocytes demonstrated expression of the CD2 antigen in all cases with the 5′ splice variant. Only 1 of 11 cases with the 3′ form showed CD2 expression. This difference is significant at P = .001.
Bilateral neuroretinitis and anterior uveitis following ipilimumab treatment for metastatic melanoma (2016)

Ipilimumab-induced ocular inflammation is a rare adverse immune event. This case, in conjunction with the current literature, suggests that in the setting of severe ocular inflammation, treatment with both topical and oral corticosteroids are typically required for management and preservation of good visual function.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDES. LXXX. SYNTHESIS OF MONO‐ AND DINITROXIDE RADICALS DERIVED FROM ISOINDOLINE (1979)

Abstract Von den bereits beschriebenen Nitroxidradikalen (Ia) und (Ib) wird (Ia) durch Erhitzen mit p‐Dimethylamino‐anilin/NaOH (180°C) in (Ic) (Ausb. 20%), (Ib) mit Maleinsäureanhydrid in (Id) (25%) und mit Bromacetylbromid in (Ie) (35%) und dieses mit Nal/Aceton in (If) (50%) übergeführt.
Distributed and interactive cube exploration (2014)

Interactive ad-hoc analytics over large datasets has become an increasingly popular use case. We detail the challenges encountered when building a distributed system that allows the interactive exploration of a data cube. We introduce DICE, a distributed system that uses a novel session-oriented model for data cube exploration, designed to provide the user with interactive sub-second latencies for specified accuracy levels. A novel framework is provided that combines three concepts: faceted exploration of data cubes, speculative execution of queries and query execution over subsets of data. We discuss design considerations, implementation details and optimizations of our system. Experiments demonstrate that DICE provides a sub-second interactive cube exploration experience at the billion-tuple scale that is at least 33% faster than current approaches.
Screening plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat (2004)

This study suggested that potential for auxin biosynthesis by rhizobacteria could be used as a tool for the screening of effective PGPR strains.
Adrenomedullin Receptor Expression in Human Lung and in Pulmonary Tumors (1997)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional regulatory peptide that stimulates cyclic AMP production in many target tissues and is highly expressed in the lung. Analysis of the distribution of the recently cloned AM receptor (AM-R) by non-radioactive in situ hybridization revealed abundant expression in the basal cells of the airway epithelium and Type II pneumocytes. The expression of AM-R in the two cell types involved in epithelial regeneration of the lung suggests that AM may be relevant in such functions as organ development, wound repair, and epithelial turnover. AM-Rs are also synthesized in vivo and in vitro by a variety of tumor cells that also express the ligand, suggesting the existence of an autocrine loop that may be involved in tumor growth stimulation. The present findings suggest that the AM/AM-R regulatory system plays a major role in respiratory physiology and lung carcinogenesis and that new functions for AM remain to be identified.
Correction: Release of ATP from Marginal Cells in the Cochlea of Neonatal Rats Can Be Induced by Changes in Extracellular and Intracellular Ion Concentrations (2012)

Background: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in the cochlea. However, the source of ATP and the mechanism by which it is released remain unclear. This study investigates the presence and release mechanism of ATP in vitro cultured marginal cells isolated from the stria vascularis of the cochlea in neonatal rats.
Transfusing red blood cells stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 for 28 days fails to improve tissue oxygenation in rats (1997)

Storage of rat red blood cells for 28 days in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 impaired their ability to improve tissue oxygenation when transfused into either control or septic rats placed into supply dependency of systemic VO2.
Substituted Indole-2-carboxylates as Potent Antagonists of the Glycine Binding Site Associated with the NMDA Receptor (1999)

A novel series of indole-2-carboxylate analogues of GV150526 (1) in which the propenoic double bond was substituted with different "probes" or replaced by a isosteric cyclopropyl moiety were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity profile in order to obtain further information on the pharmacophoric model of the glycine binding site associated to the NMDA receptor.
Stimulation of the processivity of the DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T4 by the polymerase accessory proteins. The role of ATP hydrolysis (1991)

In this paper we examine the role of the DNA polymerase accessory proteins in modulating the processivity of DNA synthesis by the bacteriophage T4-coded five protein "holoenzyme" replication complex in vitro. Primed single-stranded DNA was used as a template for the DNA synthesis reactions, and buffer conditions were chosen to mimic in vivo salt concentrations. We find that the accessory proteins significantly increase the DNA-bound lifetime of the holoenzyme complex but that the maximum lifetime of the complex is still less than 10 s at 22 degrees C. The accessory proteins greatly enhance the processivity of the holoenzyme relative to that of the polymerase alone. ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the accessory proteins complex is required to achieve this enhancement. We have investigated the temporal relationship between ATP hydrolysis by the accessory proteins and primer elongation by the holoenzyme and find that ATPase activity is required for initial assembly of the holoenzyme complex but not for elongation per se. Thus we conclude that the increased processivity displayed by the holoenzyme in moving through regions of template secondary structure reflects the high intrinsic processivity of the holoenzyme complex itself rather than a requirement for a concomitant ATPase-driven helicase activity during elongation. We have also measured the ATPase activity of the accessory proteins as a function of polymerase concentration and find that the rate of ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by this complex decreases significantly when the accessory proteins are assembled (with polymerase and gene 32 protein) into the five-protein holoenzyme and coupled to primer elongation. Based on these results we discuss mechanisms by which the ATPase activity of the polymerase accessory proteins might stimulate the overall processivity of the holoenzyme.
ARGET ATRP of Methyl Acrylate with Inexpensive Ligands and ppm Concentrations of Catalyst (2011)

A simple and versatile polymerization technique via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) of methyl acrylate (MA) with inexpensive commercially available ligands, including diethylenetriamine (DETA), N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), is reported. Catalytic amounts of catalyst were utilized achieving ppm levels of CuIIBr2/L in the presence of a zerovalent copper metal (i.e., copper powder or wire) at 25 °C. High molecular weight poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) could also be obtained with Mn > 1.5 million and Mw/Mn ∼ 1.25. A “map” was generated, illustrating minimal catalyst concentrations (i.e., copper and ligand) required over a range of targeted degrees of polymerization with various ligands. Several conclusions were made: (1) lower catalyst concentrations require higher targeted degrees of polymerization to produce equally controlled polymerizations, (2) higher catalyst concentrations are necessary for lower targeted degrees of polymerization, to ensure every activation−deactivation cycle adds fewer monomer units, (3) catalyst performance decreased from Me6TREN > TREN > PMDETA > DETA, and (4) degrees of polymerization ≥1000 exhibited a catalyst concentration boundary, which required higher CuIIBr2/L catalyst concentrations to produce similarly controlled polymerizations. Successful chain extension of a PMA macroinitiator demonstrated excellent chain-end functionality and living character.
Highly Conducting Carbon Nanotube/Polyethyleneimine Composite Fibers (2005)

Single-walled carbon nanotube/ polyethyleneimine (SWNT/PEI) composite fibers are fabricated by coagulation-based spinning of SWNTs dispersed in aqueous solution by various surfactants. The spun SWNT/PEI composite fibers are either solid or hollow (see Figure), and have useful mechanical properties and over a hundred times the electrical conductivity of supertough SWNT/polyvinyl alcohol composite fibers.
Identification and Characterization of the Functional Elements within the Tobacco Etch Virus 5′ Leader Required for Cap-Independent Translation (1999)

Translation in plants is highly cap dependent, and the only plant mRNAs known to naturally lack a cap structure (m(7)GpppN) are viral in origin. The genomic RNA of tobacco etch virus (TEV), a potyvirus that belongs to the picornavirus superfamily, is a polyadenylated mRNA that is naturally uncapped and yet is a highly competitive mRNA during translation. The 143-nucleotide 5' leader is responsible for conferring cap-independent translation even on reporter mRNAs. We have carried out a deletion analysis of the TEV 5' leader to identify the elements responsible for its regulatory function and have identified two centrally located cap-independent regulatory elements (CIREs) that promote cap-independent translation. The introduction of a stable stem-loop structure upstream of each element demonstrated that CIRE-1 is less 5' end dependent in function than CIRE-2. In a dicistronic mRNA, the presence of the TEV 5' leader sequence in the intercistronic region increased expression of the second cistron, suggesting that the viral sequence can function in a 5'-distal position. Interestingly, the introduction of a stable stem-loop upstream of the TEV leader sequence or upstream of either CIRE in dicistronic constructs markedly increased their regulatory function. These data suggest that the TEV 5' leader contains two elements that together promote internal initiation but that the function of one element, in particular, is facilitated by proximity to the 5' end.
A Tagging Approach to Identify Complex Constituents for Text Simplification (2013)

The occurrence of syntactic phenomena such as coordination and subordination is characteristic of long, complex sentences. Text simplification systems need to detect and categorise constituents in order to generate simpler sentences. These constituents are typically bounded or linked by signs of syntactic complexity, which include conjunctions, complementisers, whwords, and punctuation marks. This paper proposes a supervised tagging approach to classify these signs in accordance with their linking and bounding functions. The performance of the approach is evaluated both intrinsically, using an annotated corpus covering three different genres, and extrinsically, by evaluating the impact of classification errors on an automatic text simplification system. The results are encouraging.
Early Genetic Mechanisms Underlying the Inhibitory Effects of Endostatin and Fumagillin on Human Endothelial Cells (2004)

A tumor needs to initiate angiogenesis in order to develop its own blood supply, to grow, to invade, and to spread. Angiogenesis, under normal conditions, is a tightly regulated balance between endogenous pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In this study, we investigated, by microarray analysis, the effects of two known antiangiogenic agents (endostatin and fumagillin) on the gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in order to elucidate pathways common to the effects of these agents. We observed a majority of gene expression changes within 1 and 2 h of treatment. The genes demonstrating these early expression changes are involved in cell proliferation, gene transcription, and a number have unknown functions. We selected four genes (DOC1, KLF4, TC-1, ID1) from the microarray profile that showed a similar pattern of expression for both of the antiangiogenic agents we tested. We then used small interfering RNAs (siRNA) in an attempt to better understand the role of these selected genes in the inhibitory activity of these agents. Because the gene expression changes occurred within 1 and 2 h of treatment, these genes might be involved in the initial pathways of angiogenesis inhibition.
Privacy-Aware Infrastructure for Managing Personal Data (2016)

In recent times, we have seen a proliferation of personal data. This can be attributed not just to a larger proportion of our lives moving online, but also through the rise of ubiquitous sensing through mobile and IoT devices. Alongside this surge, concerns over privacy, trust, and security are expressed more and more as different parties attempt to take advantage of this rich assortment of data.
Microbial transformations of steroids (1993)

Conference Article| November 01 1993 Microbial transformations of steroids Kelvin E. Smith; Kelvin E. Smith 1Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London E1 4NS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Farjad Ahmed; Farjad Ahmed 1Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London E1 4NS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Tony Antoniou Tony Antoniou 1Department of Biochemistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London E1 4NS, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (4): 1077–1080. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0211077 Article history Received: August 13 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Kelvin E. Smith, Farjad Ahmed, Tony Antoniou; Microbial transformations of steroids. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1993; 21 (4): 1077–1080. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0211077 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
AM-demodulation of speech spectra and its application io noise robust speech recognition (2000)

In this paper, a novel algorithm that resembles amplitude demodulation in the frequency domain is introduced, and its application to automatic speech recognition (ASR) is studied. Speech production can be regarded as a result of amplitude modulation (AM) with the source (excitation) spectrum being the carrier and the vocal tract transfer function (VTTF) being the modulating signal. From this point of view, the VTTF can be recovered by amplitude demodulation. Amplitude demodulation of the speech spectrum is achieved by a novel nonlinear technique, which effectively performs envelope detection by using amplitudes of the harmonics and discarding inter-harmonic valleys. The technique is noise robust since frequency bands of low energy are discarded. The same principle is used to reshape the detected envelope. The algorithm is then used to construct an ASR feature extraction module. It is shown that this technique achieves superior performance to MFCCs in the presence of additive noise. Recognition accuracy is further improved if peak isolation [1] is also performed.
Single‐Molecule Super‐Resolution Light‐Sheet Microscopy (2014)

Single-molecule super-resolution imaging is a new promising tool for investigation of sub-cellular structures. Concurrently, light-sheet microscopy, also known as selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), has gained rapid favor with the imaging community in developmental biology due to its fast speed, high contrast, deep penetration, and low phototoxicity. While nearly a dozen reviews thoroughly describe the development of light-sheet microscopy and its technological breakthroughs with a main focus on improving the 3D imaging speed of fish embryos, central nervous system, and other tissues, few have addressed the potential of combining light-sheet microscopy and localization-based super-resolution imaging to achieve sub-diffraction-limited resolution. Adapting light-sheet illumination for single-molecule imaging presents unique challenges for instrumentation and reconstruction algorithms. In this Minireview, we provide an overview of the recent developments that address these challenges. We compare different approaches in super-resolution and light-sheet imaging, address advantages and limitations in each approach, and outline future directions of this emerging field.