gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α-Synuclein Shares Physical and Functional Homology with 14-3-3 Proteins (1999)

α-Synuclein has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. Mutations in α-synuclein cause some cases of familial PD (Polymeropoulos et al., 1997; Kruger et al., 1998). In addition, many neurodegenerative diseases show accumulation of α-synuclein in dystrophic neurites and in Lewy bodies (Spillantini et al., 1998). Here, we show that α-synuclein shares physical and functional homology with 14-3-3 proteins, which are a family of ubiquitous cytoplasmic chaperones. Regions of α-synuclein and 14-3-3 proteins share over 40% homology. In addition, α-synuclein binds to 14-3-3 proteins, as well as some proteins known to associate with 14-3-3, including protein kinase C, BAD, and extracellular regulated kinase, but not Raf-1. We also show that overexpression of α-synuclein inhibits protein kinase C activity. The association of α-synuclein with BAD and inhibition of protein kinase C suggests that increased expression of α-synuclein could be harmful. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed that overexpression of wild-type α-synuclein is toxic, and overexpression of α-synuclein containing the A53T or A30P mutations exhibits even greater toxicity. The activity and binding profile of α-synuclein suggests that it might act as a protein chaperone and that accumulation of α-synuclein could contribute to cell death in neurodegenerative diseases.
Fungi as source for new bio-based materials: a patent review (2019)

Current patent developments in the field suggest that fungal bio-based materials will considerable shape the future of material sciences and material applications. Fungal materials can be considered as an excellent renewable and degradable material alternative with a high innovation potential and have the potential to replace current petroleum-based materials.
Pricing congestible network resources (1995)

We describe the basic economic theory of pricing a congestible resource such as an FTP server, a router, a Web site, etc. In particular, we examine the implications of "congestion pricing" as a way to encourage efficient use of network resources. We explore the implications of flat pricing and congestion pricing for capacity expansion in centrally planned, competitive, and monopolistic environments. The most common form of Internet pricing is pricing by access, with no usage-sensitive prices. With a fixed set of users, we expect to see greater capacity when usage is not priced, but also greater congestion. However, with greater congestion, congestion-sensitive users might not use the resource.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insertion of the Dibasic Motif in the Flanking Region of a Cryptic Self-Determinant Leads to Activation of the Epitope-Specific T Cells (2005)

Efficient induction of self tolerance is critical for avoiding autoimmunity. The T cells specific for the well-processed and -presented (dominant) determinants of a native self protein are generally tolerized in the thymus, whereas those potentially directed against the inefficiently processed and presented (cryptic) self epitopes escape tolerance induction. We examined whether the crypticity of certain determinants of mouse lysozyme-M (ML-M) could be attributed to the nonavailability of a proteolytic site, and whether it could be reversed to immunodominance by engraftment of a novel cleavage site in the flanking region of the epitope. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we created the dibasic motif (RR or RK; R = arginine, K = lysine), a target of intracellular proteases, in the region adjoining one of the three cryptic epitopes (46-61, 66-79, or 105-119) of ML-M. Interestingly, the mutated lysozyme proteins, but not unmutated ML-M, were immunogenic in mice. The T cell response to the altered lysozyme was attributable to the efficient processing and presentation of the previously cryptic epitope, and this response was both epitope and MHC haplotype specific. In addition, the anti-self T cell response was associated with the generation of autoantibodies against self lysozyme. However, the results using one of three mutated lysozymes suggested that the naturally processed, dibasic motif-marked epitope may not always correspond precisely to the cryptic determinant within a synthetic peptide. This is the first report describing the circumvention of self tolerance owing to the targeted reversal of crypticity to dominance in vivo of a specific epitope within a native self Ag.
Nucleotide sequence of Abelson murine leukemia virus genome: structural similarity of its transforming gene product to other onc gene products with tyrosine-specific kinase activity. (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of the proviral genome of Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV), an acute transforming virus of murine origin, has been determined. Like other transforming viruses, A-MuLV contains sequences derived from its helper virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), and a cell-derived protooncogene (abl) insertion sequence. By comparison of the A-MuLV sequence with that of M-MuLV, it was possible to precisely localize and define sequences contributed by the host cellular DNA. From the nucleotide sequence, we have predicted the amino acid sequence of p120gag-abl, the product of the A-MuLV gag-abl hybrid gene. The amino acid sequence of the putative abl gene, when compared with the sequences of other tyrosine-specific protein kinases (src, fes, fps, and yes), revealed significant homologies, indicating that all these functionally related transforming genes are derived from divergent members of the same protooncogene family. In addition to the gag-abl sequence, the proviral genome was found to contain an additional open reading frame that could code for an 18,000-dalton protein, whose role is at present undetermined.
Mono Q chromatography permits recycling of DNA template and purification of RNA transcripts after T7 RNA polymerase reaction (1991)

Journal Article Mono Q chromatography permits recycling of DNA template and purification of RNA transcripts after T7 RNA polymerase reaction Get access Martina J. Jahn, Martina J. Jahn Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityPO Box 6666, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dieter Jahn, Dieter Jahn Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityPO Box 6666, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A.Madan Kumar, A.Madan Kumar Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityPO Box 6666, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dieter Söll Dieter Söll Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityPO Box 6666, New Haven, CT 06511, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 10, 11 May 1991, Page 2786, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.10.2786 Published: 25 May 1991 Article history Accepted: 02 April 1991 Published: 25 May 1991
A West Nile Virus DNA Vaccine Utilizing a Modified Promoter Induces Neutralizing Antibody in Younger and Older Healthy Adults in a Phase I Clinical Trial (2011)

NCT00300417.
Thermal burn fatalities in the workplace, United States, 1992 to 1999. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to present the epidemiology of thermal burn fatalities in the workplace in the United States between 1992 and 1999. Data on fatal thermal burn injuries in the United States between 1992 through 1999 were obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Between 1992 and 1999, 1,189 fatal thermal burns occurred in the workplace (0.11 deaths/100,000 workers per year). Mortality increased with age, with those over 65 years of age having the greatest rate of death (0.20/100,000). Workers in the mining industry and transportation and public utilities had the highest rates of fatal thermal burns. Occupational categories with the highest rates included "extractive occupations" (eg, miners, explosives workers) and "transportation and material movers" (eg, truck drivers). The specific occupations with the highest rates were airplane pilots and navigators, furnace, kiln, and oven operators, and firefighters. Most decedents were operating vehicles or involved in "other transportation operations" at the time of the incident. The majority of injurious incidents occurred on "industrial premises" or the "street and highway." Efforts to prevent fatal occupational thermal burn injuries should focus on older workers and those in occupations with frequent exposure to potential sources of thermal injury. Further study of nonfatal thermal burns in the workplace is needed because patterns of fatal burn injury may not reflect patterns of occupational burn injury overall.
Synthesis of Albicidin Derivatives: Assessing the Role of N‐terminal Acylation on the Antibacterial Activity (2016)

The peptide antibiotic albicidin, which is synthesized by the plant pathogenic bacterium, Xanthomonas albilineans, represents the most prominent member of a new class of antibacterial gyrase inhibitors. It shows remarkable antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Its unique structure potentially represents a new lead structure for the development of an antibacterial drug. Here we report the synthesis of 14 albicidin derivatives with structural variations at the N-terminus, primarily investigating the effects of variation of cinnamoyl, phenylpropanoyl, and benzoyl residues. Gyrase inhibition in vitro and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations were assessed in parallel. Activities in a nanomolar range and the importance of N-acylation were demonstrated.
Back-illuminated ultraviolet image sensor in silicon-on-sapphire (2008)

We present a back-illuminated 32 x 32 pixel SOI image sensor chip in 0.5-mum silicon-on-sapphire process capable of ultraviolet imaging. The imager performs "snap-shot" image acquisition and analog readout at a continuous rate of a thousand frames/s and consumes as little as 650 muW. Each pixel consists of a photodiode and a memory capacitor in 40 mum x 40 mum with a fill factor of 43%. The image sensor is suited for hyper-spectral imaging at high speeds.
Characterization of thymic stromal‐derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) in murine B cell development in vitro (1996)

B cell development is dependent on both direct interactions with stromal cells and their secreted cytokines. The precise mechanisms by which these interactions regulate B cell differentiation are currently unknown. We report here that a novel growth factor thymic stromal-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) can replace the activity of interleukin-7 (IL-7) in supporting B cell development in vitro. TSLP was found to promote the proliferation and differentiation of committed B220+ B cell progenitors from day 15 fetal liver. Phenotypic analysis of these cells revealed that they are at the pro-B cell stage of differentiation and express cell surface markers characteristic of pro-B cells cultured in IL-7. TSLP can replace the activity of IL-7 in supporting the progression of B lymphocytes from uncommitted bipotential precursors. In the absence of either TSLP or IL-7, the progeny of cells that give rise to mature B lymphocytes fail to develop from these bipotential precursors. Moreover, TSLP can substitute for IL-7 in supporting the sustained proliferative response exhibited by B cell progenitors from CBA/N mice. Together these results show that TSLP can replace the requirement for IL-7 during in vitro B cell development.
Involvement of TRPM7 in Cell Growth as a Spontaneously Activated Ca2+ Entry Pathway in Human Retinoblastoma Cells (2004)

We investigated the possible involvement of the melastatin family protein TRPM7 in Ca(2+)-mediated proliferative control of human retinoblastoma (RB) cells. The growth of RB cell was facilitated by elevating the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration with a parallel increase in the magnitude of spontaneous Ca(2+) influx. Under nystatin-perforated voltage-clamp, RB cells exhibited an outward-rectifying, spontaneous cation current (I(spont)) having Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-inhibited but -permeating properties. Various cation channel blockers inhibiting I(spont) (Gd(3+), La(3+), LOE908, 2-APB) suppressed the spontaneous Ca(2+) influx and decelerated the growth of RB cells with similar efficacies. Excision of the RB cell membrane (inside-out) into MgATP-free solution induced a 70pS single channel activity, which was effectively inhibited by millimolar concentrations of Mg(2+) or MgATP. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical experiments revealed the expression of TRPM7 mRNA and protein in RB cells, and heterologous expression of TRPM7 in HEK293 cells reproduced the key features of I(spont). In contrast, elimination of this protein from RB cells by siRNA silencing markedly reduced I(spont) density and the magnitude of spontaneous Ca(2+) influx, which was paralleled by decreased TRPM7 immunoreactivity, decelerated cell proliferation, and retarded G(1)/S cell cycle progression. These results suggest a significant regulatory role of TRPM7 for RB cell proliferation as a spontaneously activated Ca(2+) influx pathway.
Palliative treatment of fingernail lichen planus. (2007)

Lichen planus of the nails is a destructive inflammatory onychodystrophy that is often difficult to treat. We report a case of treatment with combined topical therapy of tazarotene gel and clobetasol gel. This modality may be effective for patients with nail lichen planus without the potential adverse affects of systemic treatments.
Pyrazine Chemistry. IV. Bromination of 2-Amino-3-carbomethoxypyrazine (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazine Chemistry. IV. Bromination of 2-Amino-3-carbomethoxypyrazineR. C. Ellingson and R. L. HenryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 8, 2798–2800Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01176a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01176a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1626Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Statistical Models for Co-occurrence Data (1998)

Modeling and predicting co-occurrences of events is a fundamental problem of unsupervised learning. In this contribution we develop a statistical framework for analyzing co-occurrence data in a general setting where elementary observations are joint occurrences of pairs of abstract objects from two #nite sets. The main challenge for statistical models in this context is to overcome the inherent data sparseness and to estimate the probabilities for pairs whichwere rarely observed or even unobserved in a given sample set. Moreover, it is often of considerable interest to extract grouping structure or to #nd a hierarchical data organization.Anovel family of mixturemodels is proposed which explain the observed data bya #nite number of shared aspects or clusters. This provides a common framework for statistical inference and structure discovery and also includes several recently proposed models as special cases. Adopting the maximum likelihood principle, EM algorithms are derived t...
High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2005)

A study-site diagnosis of IPF on HRCT was regularly confirmed by core radiologists. Extent of reticulation and honeycombing on HRCT is an important independent predictor of mortality in patients with IPF.
Review of Synthetic Routes and Final Forms of Integrase Inhibitors Dolutegravir, Cabotegravir, and Bictegravir (2019)

Bictegravir and dolutegravir are two recently approved integrase inhibitors for the treatment of HIV. A third inhibitor, cabotegravir, is in Phase 3 development. As a continuation of a series of articles on synthetic routes to newly approved drugs, the current article reviews the patent and journal literature regarding synthetic routes and final forms of these drugs.
The role of Notch signaling during hematopoietic lineage commitment (2002)

Over the last few years a vast amount of progress has been made in identifying mechanisms controlling lineage commitment and plasticity of hematopoietic precursors to different lymphoid or myeloid lineages. This has been due largely to the ability to identify and isolate rare cell populations in order to investigate their developmental potential, together with the development of inducible and/or tissue specific targeting technology. One family of proteins that has been postulated to be involved in hematopoietic stem cell maintenance as well as in multiple commitment processes during T cell development is the Notch receptors and their ligands. In this review we will summarize recent findings and controversies regarding the role of Notch signaling in the myeloid and lymphoid systems.
Controlled growth of silicon nanowires synthesized via solid–liquid–solid mechanism (2005)

The growth of silicon nanowires using solid—liquid—solid method is described. In this method, silicon substrates coated with a thin layer of gold were heat treated in nitrogen ambient. Gold particles started to diffuse into the silicon substrate and Au—Si alloy formed at the interface. The alloy would have molten to form liquid droplets on the substrate when temperature increases above their eutectic point, and more Si atoms diffused into these alloy droplets when heating continues. Rapid cooling of the droplet surface due to nitrogen flow into the chamber would eventually lead to the phase separation of silicon atoms from the surface of the alloy, created the nucleation and thus the growth of silicon nanowires. Controlled growth of the nanowire could be achieved by annealing the sample at 1000 ˚C with nitrogen flow rate set to around 1.5 l/min. The synthesized nanowires with diameter varied from 30 to 70 nm, were straight and grew along the N2 flow. Larger amount and longer nanowires were grown when longer period of heating was applied. Nanowires with lengths more than several hundreds of micrometers were achieved by annealing the sample for 4 h.
Analysis of Biological Selections for High-Efficiency Gene Targeting (1995)

A two-marker selection system that allows the efficient isolation of diploid gene knockouts by two sequential rounds of targeted homologous recombination has been developed. A systematic evaluation of the biological parameters that govern the selection process showed that a successful strategy must match the expression level of the target gene, the efficacy of the marker, and the selection stringency. An enrichment ratio of 5,000- to 10,000-fold, which resulted in a 30% targeting efficiency of the c-myc gene in a fibroblast cell line, has been achieved. Such efficiency brings the difficulty of gene targeting effectively down to the level of simple transfections, since only 10 to 20 drug-resistant clones need to be screened to recover several homologous hits. The general utility of the targeting strategy is of interest to investigators studying gene function in a large variety of mammalian tissue culture systems.
Mechanism of post‐segregational killing by the hoklsok system of plasmid R1: sok antisense RNA regulates formation of a hok mRNA species correlated with killing of plasmid‐free cells (1990)

The hok/sok system of plasmid R1, which mediates plasmid stabilization via killing of plasmid-free segregants, encodes two genes: hok and sok. The hok gene product is a potent cell-killing protein. The expression of hok is regulated post-transcriptionally by the sok gene-encoded repressor, an antisense RNA complementary to the hok mRNA leader region. We show here that the hok mRNA is very stable, while the sok RNA decays rapidly. We also observe a new hok mRNA species which is 70 nucleotides shorter in the 3'-end than the full-length hok transcript. The appearance of the truncated hok mRNA was found to be regulated by the sok antisense RNA. Furthermore, the presence of the truncated hok mRNA was found to be correlated with efficient expression of the Hok protein. On the basis of these findings, we propose an extended model in order to explain the killing of plasmid-free segregants by the hok/sok system.
Negative resistance effects in saturable reactor circuits (1946)

Sustained oscillations exhibiting many of the properties of free oscillations are found in saturable reactor circuits under appropriate conditions. The frequencies of such oscillations are classified in relation to that of the driving source as 1. Incommensurable. 2. Subharmonic, and multiples thereof. 3. Harmonic.
Clinical significance of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A in human cancers (2015)

Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a recently identified oncogene, has emerged as a potential drug target for a range of different tumor types. High CIP2A expression has been reported in almost all solid organ cancers and in some hematological tumors and is associated with high grade and poor prognosis. Notably, high CIP2A expression is determined in over 70% of tumor patient samples in the majority of human cancers. High expression of CIP2A has also been proposed as a useful biomarker that predicts therapeutic response to chemotherapeutics such as Bortezomib, Erlotinib, Checkpoint Kinase 1 inhibitors and pro-senescence based therapies. In this review, we highlight, critically evaluate and discuss the ambiguity in CIP2A's prognostic role in different human cancers and its role in modulating response and resistance to chemotherapeutics.