gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The indeterminate gametophyte1 Gene of Maize Encodes a LOB Domain Protein Required for Embryo Sac and Leaf Development (2007)

Angiosperm embryo sac development begins with a phase of free nuclear division followed by cellularization and differentiation of cell types. The indeterminate gametophyte1 (ig1) gene of maize (Zea mays) restricts the proliferative phase of female gametophyte development. ig1 mutant female gametophytes have a prolonged phase of free nuclear divisions leading to a variety of embryo sac abnormalities, including extra egg cells, extra polar nuclei, and extra synergids. Positional cloning of ig1 was performed based on the genome sequence of the orthologous region in rice. ig1 encodes a LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES domain protein with high similarity to ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 of Arabidopsis thaliana. A second mutant allele of ig1 was identified in a noncomplementation screen using active Mutator transposable element lines. Homozygous ig1 mutants have abnormal leaf morphology as well as abnormal embryo sac development. Affected leaves have disrupted abaxial-adaxial polarity and fail to repress the expression of meristem-specific knotted-like homeobox (knox) genes in leaf primordia, causing a proliferative, stem cell identity to persist in these cells. Despite the superficial similarity of ig1-O leaves and embryo sacs, ectopic knox gene expression cannot be detected in ig1-O embryo sacs.
Stable delivery of physiologic levels of recombinant erythropoietin to the systemic circulation by intramuscular injection of replication-defective adenovirus. (1994)

A number of inherited and acquired serum protein deficiencies including hemophilias A and B, diabetes mellitus, and the erythropoietin-responsive anemias are currently treated with repeated subcutaneous or intravenous infusions of purified or recombinant proteins. The development of an in vivo gene-transfer approach to deliver physiologic levels of recombinant proteins to the systemic circulation would represent a significant advance in the treatment of these disorders. Here we describe the construction of a replication-defective adenovirus (AdEF1hEpo) containing the human erythropoietin (hEpo) cDNA under the transcriptional control of the cellular elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1 alpha) promoter and the 4F2 heavy chain (4F2HC) enhancer. Neonatal CD-1 and adult SCID mice injected once intramuscularly (i.m.) with 10(7) to 10(9) plaque-forming units (pfu) of this virus displayed significant dose-dependent elevations of serum hEpo levels and increased hematocrits, which were stable over the 4-month time course of these experiments. Adenovirus injected i.m. remained localized at the site of injection and there was no evidence of either systemic infection or a localized inflammatory response. These results suggest that i.m. injection of recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vectors may serve as a paradigm for the treatment of human serum protein deficiencies.
Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures (1986)

A technique for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture using the sliding compression hip screw with plate combined with trochanteric antegrade Ender nailing of the femur was applied in two cases. Ender nails can be passed without difficulty past a compression hip screw and the bicortical plating screws. The hip and femur can be fixed internally through a single approach in a single position. Sliding compression hip screw devices can provide excellent preliminary stable femoral neck fixation. Blood supply to the femoral head is not disturbed while the femoral intramedullary fixation is performed. Antegrade Ender nailing avoids the common knee complications associated with other retrograde techniques. Decreased operative time, less blood loss, less technical difficulty, and early mobilization are important factors in the multiple-injured patient. Femoral intramedullary fixation may require open reduction, circlerage to ensure stability, and maintenance of alignment in case of significant comminution to allow early crutch ambulation. This mode of fixation may be advantageous for selected cases.
Novel hirudin variants from the leech Hirudinaria manillensis (1993)

Novel hirudin variants isolated from the leech Hirudinaria manillensis, a leech more specialized for mammalian parasitism, are described. Isolation of antithrombin polypeptides was performed by ion-exchange chromatographies followed by an affinity chromatography step on immobilized thrombin. The major active component, antithrombin polypeptide peak 2 (HM2) and a second polypeptide, named HM1, were purified to homogeneity and their complete amino acid sequences were determined. The protein structure of the two hirudin variants include 64 amino acids with 6 cysteine residues at highly conserved positions. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of HM1 and HM2 with other known hirudins shows differences mainly in the central part and in the C-terminal region of the polypeptides. Particularly significant is the lack of a sulfated tyrosine residue in the C-terminal portion of the molecule which is replaced by aspartic acid. Polymerase chain reaction cloning techniques were used to isolate and characterize the cDNAs and determine the genomic structures of these hirudin-like polypeptides. The cDNA clones coding for the two variants indicate the expression of pre-hirudins of 84 amino acids where the first 20 residues constitute the signal peptide required for extracellular secretion. The leader sequence appears to be highly conserved for both isoforms and shares a complete similarity with the partial hirudin variant 2 (HV2) signal peptide sequence previously reported. The HM1 and HM2 gene fragments show the presence of four exons: the first one corresponding to a 20-amino-acid signal peptide while the other three exons share the full primary structure of the antithrombin polypeptides. HM2 was also efficiently produced in recombinant Escherichia coli by expressing a periplasmic construction containing the synthetic gene.
Phenomenological Theory of Ion Solvation. Effective Radii of Hydrated Ions (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenomenological Theory of Ion Solvation. Effective Radii of Hydrated IonsE. R. Nightingale Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 9, 1381–1387Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150579a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16704Altmetric-Citations2506LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Taverna workflow suite: designing and executing workflows of Web Services on the desktop, web or in the cloud (2013)

The Taverna workflow tool suite (http://www.taverna.org.uk) is designed to combine distributed Web Services and/or local tools into complex analysis pipelines. These pipelines can be executed on local desktop machines or through larger infrastructure (such as supercomputers, Grids or cloud environments), using the Taverna Server. In bioinformatics, Taverna workflows are typically used in the areas of high-throughput omics analyses (for example, proteomics or transcriptomics), or for evidence gathering methods involving text mining or data mining. Through Taverna, scientists have access to several thousand different tools and resources that are freely available from a large range of life science institutions. Once constructed, the workflows are reusable, executable bioinformatics protocols that can be shared, reused and repurposed. A repository of public workflows is available at http://www.myexperiment.org. This article provides an update to the Taverna tool suite, highlighting new features and developments in the workbench and the Taverna Server.
Face age estimation using model selection (2010)

Face age estimation is a difficult problem due to the dynamics of facial aging and its complex interactions owing to genetics and behavior factors. In this work we develop a robust age estimation system tuned by model selection that outperforms all prior systems on the FG-NET face database. We study various model selection methods systematically to determine the best selection methods among Least Angle Regression (LAR), Principle Component Analysis (PCA), and Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) for age estimation. Our performance analysis on PAL and FG-NET databases suggest that age estimation with LAR or LPP outperforms the full feature model. Furthermore, this work develops a novel operator named “graph age preserving” (GAP) to build a neighborhood graph for LPP for age estimation.
High-Temperature Etching of PZT/Pt/TiN Structure by High-Density ECR Plasma (1995)

Submicron patterning technologies for the PZT/Pt/Ti/TiN/Ti structure with a spin on glass (SOG) mask were demonstrated using a high-density ECR plasma and a high substrate temperature above 300° C. A 30%-Cl 2 /Ar gas was used to etch a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film. No deposits remained, which resulted in an etched profile of more than 80°. A 40%-O 2 /Cl 2 gas was used to etch a Pt film. The etching was completely stopped at the Ti layer. 30-nm-thick deposits remained on the sidewall. They were removed after dipping in hydrochloric acid. The etched profile of a Pt film was more than 80°. The Ti/TiN/Ti layer was etched with pure Cl 2 gas. The size shift from the SOG mask was less than 0.1 µ m. Interdiffusion between SOG and PZT was not detected by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) analysis.
Nanograssed Micropyramidal Architectures for Continuous Dropwise Condensation (2011)

Abstract Engineering the dropwise condensation of water on surfaces is critical in a wide range of applications from thermal management (e.g. heat pipes, chip cooling etc.) to water harvesting technologies. Surfaces that enable both efficient droplet nucleation and droplet self‐removal (i.e. droplet departure) are essential to accomplish successful dropwise condensation. However it is extremely challenging to design such surfaces. This is because droplet nucleation requires a wettable surface while droplet departure necessitates a super‐hydrophobic surface. Here we report that these conflicting requirements can be satisfied using a hierarchical (multiscale) nanograssed micropyramid architecture that yield a gobal superhydrophobicity as well as locally wettable nucleation sites, allowing for ˜65% increase in the drop number density and ˜450% increase in the drop self‐removal volume as compared to a superhydrophobic surface with nanostructures alone. Further we find that synergistic co‐operation between the hierarchical structures contributes directly to a continuous process of nucleation, coalescence, departure, and re‐nucleation enabling sustained dropwise condensation over prolonged periods. Exploiting such multiscale coupling effects can open up novel and exciting vistas in surface engineering leading to optimal condensation surfaces for high performance electronics cooling and water condenser systems.
Isolation and partial characterization of the tegumental outer membrane of adultSchistosoma mansoni (1981)

Incubation of adult Schistosoma mansoni at 37 degrees C in chemically defined media caused the shedding of variable amounts of the parasite's tegument. In phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, 37% of 125I-labelled wheat germ agglutinin which was attached to the schistosome surface was released within 5 min. When the released material was collected by centrifugation at 55 000 g for 1 h, the pellet was seen to consist of components of the parasite tegument and contained 1% of the parasite protein and 6.2% of the 5'-AMPase activity. By monitoring the release of the gut enzyme, haemoglobinase, it was shown that predominantly tegumental material was released under these conditions. The material released from the parasite was separated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation into 4 major fractions and it was shown that a material banding at low density was highly enriched in vesicles of parasite outer membrane. Major polypeptides of apparent molecular weights 135 000, 110 000, 90 000, 65 000, 47 000 and 40 000 and glycoproteins of apparent molecular weights 135 000, 120 000, 65 000, 63 000 and 30-40 000 were identified in this fraction. Comparison of the distribution of 5'-AMPase activity and the contents of each fraction as revealed by ultrastructural examination showed that this enzyme is a good marker for the tegumental outer membrane.
Interplay between Two Allosteric Sites and Their Influence on Agonist Binding in Human μ Opioid Receptor (2016)

Allostery is a widespread mechanism that allows for precise protein tuning. Its underlying mechanisms are elusive, particularly when there are multiple allosteric sites at the protein. This concerns also G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are targets for a vast part of currently used drugs. To address this issue, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of a GPCR-human μ opioid receptor (MOR) in a native-like environment, with full agonist (R)-methadone, Na(+) ions, and a positive modulator BMS986122 in various configurations. We found that MOR's seventh transmembrane helix (TM VII) is central for allosteric signal transmission, and modulators affect its bending and rotation. The PAM stabilizes favorable agonist interactions, while Na(+) tends to disrupt agonist binding. We identified two residues involved in allosteric signal transmission: Trp 7.35 at the top and Tyr 7.53 at the bottom of TM VII.
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in periodontal patients with a history of bisphosphonates treatment (2005)

Jaw osteonecrosis appears to be associated with the intra-venous use of bisphosphonates. Dental professionals should be aware of this potentially serious complication in periodontal patients receiving long-term treatment with bisphosphonates.
A Stress-Inducible Resveratrol O-Methyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Pterostilbene in Grapevine (2008)

Stilbenes are considered the most important phytoalexin group in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and they are known to contribute to the protection against various pathogens. The main stilbenes in grapevine are resveratrol and its derivatives and, among these, pterostilbene has recently attracted much attention due both to its antifungal and pharmacological properties. Indeed, pterostilbene is 5 to 10 times more fungitoxic than resveratrol in vitro and recent studies have shown that pterostilbene exhibits anticancer, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. A candidate gene approach was used to identify a grapevine resveratrol O-methyltransferase (ROMT) cDNA and the activity of the corresponding protein was characterized after expression in Escherichia coli. Transient coexpression of ROMT and grapevine stilbene synthase in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) using the agroinfiltration technique resulted in the accumulation of pterostilbene in tobacco tissues. Taken together, these results showed that ROMT was able to catalyze the biosynthesis of pterostilbene from resveratrol both in vitro and in planta. ROMT gene expression in grapevine leaves was induced by different stresses, including downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) infection, ultraviolet light, and AlCl(3) treatment.
Staphylococcal alpha-toxin-induced vascular leakage in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. (1990)

alpha-Toxin, the major, pore-forming exotoxin of Staphylococcus aureus, caused acute hypertension when perfused through blood-free rabbit lungs (21). This reaction is mediated by pulmonary thromboxane generation, for which toxin-induced calcium flux into target cells with subsequent stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism is predominantly responsible. In the present study, we investigated the effects of alpha-toxin on the integrity of the lung microvasculature. Thromboxane generation was inhibited in all experiments to suppress the development of pulmonary hypertension. Application of low alpha-toxin concentrations (5 to 40 ng/ml) induced protracted, severe vascular leakage in a dose-dependent manner. After a lag period of 40 to 120 minutes, gravimetrically determined capillary filtration coefficients progressively increased to greater than 10-fold values, and this was followed by pronounced weight gain of the isolated organs. These physiologic alterations were paralleled by dose- and time-dependent structural changes documented by electron microscopic examination of perfusion-fixed lungs. Increasing electron density of microvascular endothelial cell nuclei and subsequently of their cytoplasma was noted, followed by detachment of these cells from the mutual endoepithelial basal lamina. Edema was localized in the blood-gas exchange area, in contrast to hydrostatically induced lung fluid accumulation. These results identify pulmonary microvascular endothelium cells as highly susceptible targets for attack by alpha-toxin. Given a similar sensitivity of human endothelial cells, alpha-toxin might directly contribute to the pathogenesis of acute respiratory failure under conditions of severe infection with Staphylococcus aureus.
Structural abnormalities of subicular dendrites in subjects with schizophrenia and mood disorders: preliminary findings. (2000)

We have observed an association between schizophrenia and major mood disorders and structural abnormalities of subicular apical dendrites. Further studies are needed to test this association in a larger sample and to evaluate the potential role of family history and of confounding factors, such as medications and chronic institutionalization.
T Cell Immunity to Herpes Simplex Viruses in Seronegative Subjects: Silent Infection or Acquired Immunity? (2003)

During the course of investigating T cell responses to HSV among volunteers entering trials of investigational genital herpes vaccines, 6 of the 24 immunocompetent subjects with no prior history of oral/labial or genital herpes possessed HSV-specific T cell immunity but, by multiple determinants of even the most sensitive serological assays, remained seronegative to HSV-1 and -2. Of these six immune seronegative (IS; HSV-seronegative with HSV-specific T cell responses) subjects, two had transient HSV-specific T cell responses, while four had CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses directed at HSV that persisted for up to 4 years. CD4(+) T cell clones were isolated that recognized and had high binding affinities to epitopes in HSV-2 tegument proteins. All six IS subjects had potential sexual exposure to an HSV-2-infected sexual partner. Oral and genital mucosal secretions were sampled and tested for the presence of infectious HSV and HSV DNA. No evidence of HSV was detected in >1500 samples obtained from these IS subjects. The identification of persistent T cell responses to HSV in seronegative subjects is a novel finding in the herpesvirus field and suggests either undetected infection or acquired immunity in the absence of infection. Understanding the basis of these acquired immune responses may be critical in developing effective vaccines for genital herpes.
The Effects of Neutrally Buoyant, Externally Attached Transmitters on Swimming Performance and Predator Avoidance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (2012)

Abstract Migrating juvenile salmonids experience rapid decompression that could result in injury or mortality due to barotrauma as they pass turbines at hydropower facilities. Recent research indicates that the risk of injury or mortality due to barotrauma is higher in fish bearing surgically implanted transmitters. Since tagged fish are used to represent the entire population, this tag effect potentially leads to inaccuracies in survival estimates for fish passing turbines. This problem led to development of a novel transmitter, the use of which may eliminate bias associated with the passage of transmitter‐bearing fish through turbines. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were tagged with two different neutrally buoyant, externally attached transmitters (types A and B). The effects of transmitter presence on swimming performance were examined by comparing critical swimming speeds ( U crit ; an index of prolonged swimming performance) of externally tagged fish, untagged individuals, and fish that received surgically implanted Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System acoustic transmitters. Fish tagged with external transmitters had lower U crit than untagged individuals. However, there was no difference in U crit between fish with external transmitter type A or B and fish with surgically implanted transmitters. Testing was conducted to determine whether predator avoidance was affected by the presence of type A transmitters compared with untagged fish. No difference in predation mortality was detected between tagged and untagged fish. Although results suggest that U crit was affected by externally attached transmitters in comparison with untagged fish, the overall impact as reflected by survival was similar; field‐based survival studies involving juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines are recommended. The absence of swimming performance effects in fish with external tags relative to fish with internally implanted transmitters and the lack of an increased predation risk relative to untagged fish suggest that an externally attached, neutrally buoyant transmitter is a viable option for telemetry studies in estimating survival of juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines.
Enhancement of Postoperative Desaturation in Heavy Snorers (1995)

The risk of postoperative decreases of arterial saturation in oxygen (SpO (2)) could be enhanced in patients with previous history of sleep-induced respiratory impairment. To test this hypothesis, patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery were classified preoperatively as heavy snorers, light snorers, and nonsnorers, according to their answers to a questionnaire. During the first postoperative night, the patients were breathing room air and both the arterial saturation and the tracheal sounds were monitored. Although the cumulated duration of snore was similar in the three groups, the number of desaturations (decrease in SpO2 >or=to 4%) was more in the heavy snorers (14.9 +/- 27.9) than in the light snorers (0.1 +/- 0.3) and the nonsnorers (0.2 +/- 0.3) (P < 0.05). The percent duration of recording at SpO2 < 90% was longer in the heavy snorers (52.0% +/- 41.9% of the recording time) than in the two other groups: 9.3% +/- 12.4% (light snorers) and 17.5% +/- 21.8% (nonsnorers) (P < 0.05). Patients with a previous history of sleep-disordered breathing risked postoperative desaturation and could be detected preoperatively by the answers to certain questions. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:389-92)