gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propylene Polymerization with Chiral and Achiral Unbridged 2-Arylindene Metallocenes (1997)

Unbridged 2-arylindenyl metallocene complexes, such as bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride, in the presence of methyaluminoxane (MAO) are catalyst precursors for the synthesis of elastomeric polypropylenes. The effects of 1-methyl substitution on the polymerization behavior of these unbridged 2-arylindene complexes have been studied. The reaction of the lithium salt of 1-methyl-2-phenylindene with ZrCl4 leads to the formation of two diastereomers of bis(1-methyl-2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride: rac- and meso-(1-Me-2-PhInd)2ZrCl2. The two isomers have been separated by fractional crystallization and identified by X-ray crystallography. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the dihedral angles between the planes of the phenyl and the indenyl rings have significantly increased upon 1-methyl substitution (28−34° compared to 10−12° for unsubstituted (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2), which suggests strong steric repulsion between the 1-methyl and 2-phenyl groups. In ethylene polymerization, the productivity of the catalyst derived from the meso-isomer is similar to that of the catalyst derived from (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2; higher productivity is observed for the catalyst derived from the rac-isomer. In polymerization of propylene, both substituted catalysts have a significantly lower productivity than the catalyst derived from unsubstituted (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 and generate amorphous polypropylene with a low molecular weight and isotacticity.
Biological Activities of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogues in Vitro and in Vivo (2001)

Studies support a role for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) as a potential treatment for diabetes. However, since GLP-1 is rapidly degraded in the circulation by cleavage at Ala(2), its clinical application is limited. Hence, understanding the structure-activity of GLP-1 may lead to the development of more stable and potent analogues. In this study, we investigated GLP-1 analogues including those with N-, C-, and midchain modifications and a series of secretin-class chimeric peptides. Peptides were analyzed in CHO cells expressing the hGLP-1 receptor (R7 cells), and in vivo oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed after injection of the peptides in normal and diabetic (db/db) mice. [D-Ala(2)]GLP-1 and [Gly(2)]GLP-1 showed normal or relatively lower receptor binding and cAMP activation but exerted markedly enhanced abilities to reduce the glycemic response to an OGTT in vivo. Improved biological effectiveness of [D-Ala(2)]GLP-1 was also observed in diabetic db/db mice. Similarly, improved biological activity of acetyl- and hexenoic-His(1)-GLP-1, glucagon((1-5)-, glucagon((1-10))-, PACAP(1-5)-, VIP(1-5)-, and secretin((1-10))-GLP-1 was observed, despite normal or lower receptor binding and activation in vitro. [Ala(8/11/12/16)] substitutions also increased biological activity in vivo over wtGLP-1, while C-terminal truncation of 4-12 amino acids abolished receptor binding and biological activity. All other modified peptides examined showed normal or decreased activity in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that specific N- and midchain modifications to GLP-1 can increase its potency in vivo. Specifically, linkage of acyl-chains to the alpha-amino group of His(1) and replacement of Ala(2) result in significantly increased biological effects of GLP-1 in vivo, likely due to decreased degradation rather than enhanced receptor interactions. Replacement of certain residues in the midchain of GLP-1 also augment biological activity.
Scattering and Imaging with Diffusing Temporal Field Correlations (1995)

We consider the transport of the electric field temporal autocorrelation in heterogeneous, fluctuating turbid media. Experiments are performed in strongly scattering media with spatially separated static and dynamic components, and low resolution ``dynamical'' images of such media are obtained using autocorrelation measurements of the emerging speckle fields taken along the sample surface. Our analysis, based on a diffusion approximation to the field correlation transport equation, reveals that the field correlation scatters from macroscopic dynamical heterogeneities within turbid media.
A novel Ncr1-Cre mouse reveals the essential role of STAT5 for NK-cell survival and development (2010)

We generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses the Cre recombinase under the control of the Ncr1 (p46) promoter. Cre-mediated recombination was tightly restricted to natural killer (NK) cells, as revealed by crossing Ncr1-iCreTg mice to the eGFP-LSLTg reporter strain. Ncr1-iCreTg mice were further used to study NK cell-specific functions of Stat5 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 5) by generating Stat5(f/f) Ncr1-iCreTg animals. Stat5(f/f) Ncr1-iCreTg mice were largely devoid of NK cells in peripheral lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, NK-cell maturation was abrogated at the NK cell-precursor stage. Moreover, we found that in vitro deletion of Stat5 in interleukin 2-expanded NK cells was incompatible with NK-cell viability. In vivo assays confirmed the complete abrogation of NK cell-mediated tumor control against B16F10-melanoma cells. In contrast, T cell-mediated tumor surveillance against MC38-adenocarcinoma cells was undisturbed. In summary, the results of our study show that STAT5 has a cell-intrinsic role in NK-cell development and that Ncr1-iCreTg mice are a powerful novel tool with which to study NK-cell development, biology, and function.
Water-Soluble Coloured Covalent Conjugates of Carbonic Anhydrase and N-(sym-Trinitroaryl)polyacrylamide/Acrylhydrazide Co-Polymers (1977)

Conference Article| February 01 1977 Water-Soluble Coloured Covalent Conjugates of Carbonic Anhydrase and N-(sym-Trinitroaryl)polyacrylamide/Acrylhydrazide Co-Polymers ROGER EPTON; ROGER EPTON 1Department of Physical Sciences, The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, West Midlands, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE MARR; GEORGE MARR 2Department of Physical Sciences, The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, West Midlands, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GARETH J. MORGAN GARETH J. MORGAN 3Department of Physical Sciences, The Polytechnic, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, West Midlands, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1977 Biochemical Society1977 Biochem Soc Trans (1977) 5 (1): 277–279. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0050277 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ROGER EPTON, GEORGE MARR, GARETH J. MORGAN; Water-Soluble Coloured Covalent Conjugates of Carbonic Anhydrase and N-(sym-Trinitroaryl)polyacrylamide/Acrylhydrazide Co-Polymers. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1977; 5 (1): 277–279. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0050277 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1977 Biochemical Society1977 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Real-time dynamic rate shaping and control for Internet video applications (2002)

We propose an architecture which can support video services in networks which have no Quality of Services (QoS) guarantees. We demonstrate that there is a need for such services today and also in the future, when QoS will be built into most networks. We then describe our current Internet-based system, which combines both image processing and networking techniques in order to provide good quality video without harming the performance of the Internet. These techniques are shown to be superior to previous work for the environment of video services operating in the Internet.
Phase I study of the antineovascularization drug CM101. (1997)

CM101 is a bacterial polysaccharide that induces neovascular inflammation in malignant tumors. Fifteen patients with refractory malignancies received CM101 i.v. by a 15-min infusion every other day, three times in 1 week, at doses ranging from 1 unit (7.5 microgram)/kg to 5 units/kg. Serum was analyzed for anti-CM101 IgG and IgM weekly. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, MIP-1alpha, and soluble E-selectin, were analyzed from -15 min to 12 h during each treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities, including grade IV dyspnea and arrhythmia, were encountered at the 5-unit/kg level. Toxicities occurred primarily within the first 12 h after therapy and included mild-to-moderate fever and chills, nausea, cough, headache, facial flushing, dyspnea, myalgias, and acute tumor-related pain. No patient developed detectable antibodies to CM101. All patients experienced marked time- and dose-dependent elevations in all cytokines studied. Three patients experienced tumor shrinkage. The results show that CM101 can be safely administered at doses that produce evidence for severe, and possibly tumor-specific, inflammation. Further study is necessary to better characterize the mechanism of action and determine the optimal dose and schedule of this new agent.
Scan‐rescan reproducibility of carotid atherosclerotic plaque morphology and tissue composition measurements using multicontrast MRI at 3T (2009)

The results from the multicontrast high-resolution 3T MR study show high reliability for carotid morphology and plaque component measurements. 3T MRI is a reliable tool for longitudinal clinical trials, with shorter scan time compared to 1.5T.
A 3D Packaging Technology for 4 Gbit Stacked DRAM with 3 Gbps Data Transfer (2006)

A 3D packaging technology has been developed for 4 Gbit DRAM. Highly-doped poly-Si through-silicon vias (TSVs) are used for vertical traces inside silicon and interconnection between DRAM chips to realize a DRAM compatible process. Through optimization of the process conditions and layout design, fast poly-Si filling has been obtained. The entire packaging was carried out at the wafer level by using the so-called SMAFTI technology. A new bump and wiring structure for feedthrough interposer (FTI) has also been developed for fine-pitch and low-cost bonding. Simulation of the transfer function of FTI wiring indicated a 3 Gbps/pin data transfer capability
Single-mode ytterbium-doped large-mode-area photonic bandgap rod fiber amplifier (2011)

Enabling Single-Mode (SM) operation in Large-Mode-Area (LMA) fiber amplifiers and lasers is critical, since a SM output ensures high beam quality and excellent pointing stability. In this paper, we demonstrate and test a new design approach for achieving SM LMA rod fibers by using a photonic bandgap structure. The structure allows resonant coupling of higher-order modes from the core and acts as a spatially Distributed Mode Filter (DMF). With this approach, we demonstrate passive SM performance in an only ~50 cm long and straight ytterbium-doped rod fiber. The amplifier has a mode field diameter of ~59 µm at 1064 nm and exhibits a pump absorption of 27 dB/m at 976 nm.
Benzodiazepine Premedication (1999)

Premedication with midazolam or diazepam emulsion improved patients' comfort during needle localization procedures and significantly reduced intraoperative anxiety levels before breast biopsy procedures without prolonging discharge times. Use of diazepam emulsion may be an effective alternative to midazolam in this population.
The Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale: Validity and Reliability in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients (2002)

Sedative medications are widely used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Structured assessment of sedation and agitation is useful to titrate sedative medications and to evaluate agitated behavior, yet existing sedation scales have limitations. We measured inter-rater reliability and validity of a new 10-level (+4 "combative" to -5 "unarousable") scale, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), in two phases. In phase 1, we demonstrated excellent (r = 0.956, lower 90% confidence limit = 0.948; kappa = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.71, 0.75) inter-rater reliability among five investigators (two physicians, two nurses, and one pharmacist) in adult ICU patient encounters (n = 192). Robust inter-rater reliability (r = 0.922-0.983) (kappa = 0.64-0.82) was demonstrated for patients from medical, surgical, cardiac surgery, coronary, and neuroscience ICUs, patients with and without mechanical ventilation, and patients with and without sedative medications. In validity testing, RASS correlated highly (r = 0.93) with a visual analog scale anchored by "combative" and "unresponsive," including all patient subgroups (r = 0.84-0.98). In the second phase, after implementation of RASS in our medical ICU, inter-rater reliability between a nurse educator and 27 RASS-trained bedside nurses in 101 patient encounters was high (r = 0.964, lower 90% confidence limit = 0.950; kappa = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.69, 0.90) and very good for all subgroups (r = 0.773-0.970, kappa = 0.66-0.89). Correlations between RASS and the Ramsay sedation scale (r = -0.78) and the Sedation Agitation Scale (r = 0.78) confirmed validity. Our nurses described RASS as logical, easy to administer, and readily recalled. RASS has high reliability and validity in medical and surgical, ventilated and nonventilated, and sedated and nonsedated adult ICU patients.
Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl. (1995)

A critical event during programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be the acquisition of plasma membrane (PM) changes that allows phagocytes to recognize and engulf these cells before they rupture. The majority of PCD seen in higher organisms exhibits strikingly similar morphological features, and this form of PCD has been termed apoptosis. The nature of the PM changes that occur on apoptotic cells remains poorly defined. In this study, we have used a phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding protein (annexin V) as a specific probe to detect redistribution of this phospholipid, which is normally confined to the inner PM leaflet, during apoptosis. Here we show that PS externalization is an early and widespread event during apoptosis of a variety of murine and human cell types, regardless of the initiating stimulus, and precedes several other events normally associated with this mode of cell death. We also report that, under conditions in which the morphological features of apoptosis were prevented (macromolecular synthesis inhibition, overexpression of Bcl-2 or Abl), the appearance of PS on the external leaflet of the PM was similarly prevented. These data are compatible with the notion that activation of an inside-outside PS translocase is an early and widespread event during apoptosis.
Sequential expression of genes involved in human T lymphocyte growth and differentiation. (1985)

Nuclear transcription assays were performed with isolated nuclei from human peripheral blood T lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate to determine the kinetics of transcriptional activity of various genes occurring in T cell activation. Although silent in resting T cells, the genes encoding c-myc and the interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor were induced early, preceding gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-2, and transferrin receptor gene transcription. Transcriptional activity of these genes fell after their respective peaks, indicating that the expression of these genes is a transient event during T cell activation. With the exception of the transferrin receptor gene, the kinetics of induction of these genes were not altered by concentrations of cycloheximide that inhibited protein synthesis. These data indicate that the induction of genes encoding c-myc, IL-2, IL-2 receptor, and IFN-gamma occur independently of the sequential production of the proteins they encode.
Constitutive Activation of MEK1 Promotes Treg Cell Instability in Vivo (2014)

The instability of regulatory T (Treg) cells is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and also highlights safety concerns with regard to clinical Treg cell therapy. Cell-intrinsic molecular events linked to this Treg cell instability in vivo cells, which leads to safety concerns regardingare still obscure. Here we developed a novel luciferase-based reporter system and performed an unbiased screening for kinases that potentially modulate Foxp3 function. We found that the active form of COT/Tpl2 specifically inhibits the DNA binding activity of Foxp3 through a MEK-ERK-dependent pathway. Moreover, Treg cell-specific expression of activated MEK1 led to dysregulation of Treg function and instability of Foxp3 expression in vivo. Our results support the hypothesis that outside inflammatory signals act through the COT/Tpl2-MEK-ERK signaling pathway to destabilize the Treg lineage.
GSK3 Inhibition Drives Maturation of NK Cells and Enhances Their Antitumor Activity (2017)

Maturation of human natural killer (NK) cells as defined by accumulation of cell-surface expression of CD57 is associated with increased cytotoxic character and TNF and IFNγ production upon target-cell recognition. Notably, multiple studies point to a unique role for CD57<sup>+</sup> NK cells in cancer immunosurveillance, yet there is scant information about how they mature. In this study, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3 kinase in peripheral blood NK cells expanded <i>ex vivo</i> with IL15 greatly enhances CD57 upregulation and late-stage maturation. GSK3 inhibition elevated the expression of several transcription factors associated with late-stage NK-cell maturation including T-BET, ZEB2, and BLIMP-1 without affecting viability or proliferation. When exposed to human cancer cells, NK cell expanded <i>ex vivo</i> in the presence of a GSK3 inhibitor exhibited significantly higher production of TNF and IFNγ, elevated natural cytotoxicity, and increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In an established mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer, adoptive transfer of NK cells conditioned in the same way also displayed more robust and durable tumor control. Our findings show how GSK3 kinase inhibition can greatly enhance the mature character of NK cells most desired for effective cancer immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Res; 77(20); 5664-75. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Training-Codes for the Noncoherent Multi-Antenna Block-Rayleigh-Fading Channel (2003)

We consider signal design for the noncoherent block-Rayleigh-fading channel, in which neither the transmitter nor the receiver know the fading coefficients. We show that several recently proposed signal designs for this channel can be interpreted as training-based, i.e., part of the coherence interval is used to transmit known symbols to learn the channel and in the remainder a &amp;quot;coherent &amp;quot; information symbol is transmitted. At the receiver, the estimated channel is then used as if correct, which allows to employ efficient implementations (like the sphere-decoder) for the coherent decision rule. We establish conditions for which such a strategy is equivalent to the optimal noncoherent decision rule. Motivated by the good performance of the training schemes even when the coherence time is very small (indeed minimal), we propose the paradigm of training-codes to build signalconstellations for the noncoherent block-Rayleigh-fading channel. Training-codes leverage the advances made in coherent codes and thus can often address the signal-design and efficient-decoding problems simultaneously.
In vitro efficacy of transferrin-toxin conjugates against glioblastoma multiforme (1992)

The cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins constructed with human diferric transferrin (Tfn) as the carrier ligand and an abrin variant Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) and the diphtheria toxin mutant cross-reacting material (CRM) 107 as the toxin moieties were studied in vitro. Three malignant human cell lines, the glioblastomas multiforme SNB19 and SF295 and the LOX melanoma, and a nonhuman control murine melanoma cell line B16 were assessed. The presence of transferrin receptors on the cell lines was confirmed by direct 125I-Tfn binding assays. The 50% protein synthesis inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for all cell lines demonstrated that Tfn-abrin variant and Tfn-PE had comparable potency and were both more effective than Tfn-CRM 107. Monensin, a carboxylic ionophore, potentiated the effect of Tfn-abrin variant against glioma cells approximately 35-fold with IC50 values of 4.0 x 10(-13) M and 4.7 x 10(-12) M for SNB19 and SF295, respectively. Cytotoxic activity of Tfn-abrin variant (with or without monensin) and Tfn-PE was correlated with the degree of Tfn receptor expression measured on the cell lines. The exquisite in vitro cytotoxicity of Tfn-abrin variant and Tfn-PE immunotoxins against glioma and melanoma cells warrants further in vivo evaluation and future consideration of these agents for potential clinical application against glioblastoma multiforme and leptomeningeal neoplasia.
Characterization of L-Lysine 6-Aminotransferase and Its Structural Gene from Flavobacterium lutescens IFO3084 (2000)

L-Lysine 6-aminotransferase (LAT) is an enzyme involved in L-lysine catabolism in a wide range of living organisms. LAT from Flavobacterium lutescens IFO3084 was purified, and its structural gene (lat) was cloned, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Native PAGE analysis of purified LAT gave a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 110,000. lat encoded a protein of 493 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 53,200, which is very close to that of purified LAT determined on SDS-PAGE. Expression of lat in E. coli revealed that lat encodes a single subunit protein leading to LAT activity. These data suggested that LAT from F. lutescens IFO3084, like most other aminotransferases, is derived from a single ORF and is active as a homodimer.
Standard Wound Coverage Techniques for Extremity War Injury (2006)

Reconstruction of extremity war injuries begins with aggressive forward resuscitative care and stabilization of the trauma patient. After serial care in progressively better supported medical environments, definitive management is done at the level V military treatment facility. Aggressive forward care coupled with rapid air transport has enabled increasingly complex care to be administered at the continental United States military facilities; however, it has also made the decision between limb salvage and amputation more challenging. Yet to be determined are (1) the optimal timing of definitive wound closure or coverage in coordination with fracture stabilization and (2) the optimal types of flap for both upper and lower extremity reconstruction. Records of patients with complex lower and upper extremity wounds who were treated at the National Naval Medical Center between September 2004 and June 2006 reveal useful short-term data. Longer-term data, such as fracture union rate, time to ambulation, range of motion and global function of salvaged limbs, patient satisfaction with limb salvage, and average cost, are not yet available.