gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospun PGS:PCL Microfibers Align Human Valvular Interstitial Cells and Provide Tunable Scaffold Anisotropy (2014)

Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) can be useful in the repair of congenital or acquired valvular diseases due to their potential for growth and remodeling. The development of biomimetic scaffolds is a major challenge in heart valve tissue engineering. One of the most important structural characteristics of mature heart valve leaflets is their intrinsic anisotropy, which is derived from the microstructure of aligned collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, a directional electrospinning technique is used to fabricate fibrous poly(glycerol sebacate):poly(caprolactone) (PGS:PCL) scaffolds containing aligned fibers, which resemble native heart valve leaflet ECM networks. In addition, the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of fabricated scaffolds are tuned by changing the ratio of PGS:PCL to mimic the native heart valve's mechanical properties. Primary human valvular interstitial cells (VICs) attach and align along the anisotropic axes of all PGS:PCL scaffolds with various mechanical properties. The cells are also biochemically active in producing heart-valve-associated collagen, vimentin, and smooth muscle actin as determined by gene expression. The fibrous PGS:PCL scaffolds seeded with human VICs mimick the structure and mechanical properties of native valve leaflet tissues and would potentially be suitable for the replacement of heart valves in diverse patient populations.
Interaction between the north-eastern boundary of Sgr A East and giant molecular clouds (2003)

We have detected the v= 1 → 0 S(1) (λ= 2.1218 μm) and v= 2 → 1 S(1) (λ= 2.2477 μm) lines of H2 in the Galactic Centre, in a 90 × 27 arcsec2 region between the north-eastern boundary of the non-thermal source Sgr A East, and the giant molecular cloud (GMC) M−0.02 − 0.07. The detected H2v= 1 → 0 S(1) emission has an intensity of 1.6–21 × 10−18 W m−2 arcsec−2 and is present over most of the region. Along with the high intensity, the large linewidths (FWHM = 40–70 km s−1) and the H2v= 2 → 1 S(1) to v= 1 → 0 S(1) line ratios (0.3–0.5) can be best explained by a combination of C-type shocks and fluorescence. The detection of shocked H2 is clear evidence that Sgr A East is driving material into the surrounding adjacent cool molecular gas. The H2 emission lines have two velocity components at ∼+50 and ∼0 km s−1, which are also present in the NH3(3, 3) emission mapped by McGary, Coil & Ho. This two-velocity structure can be explained if Sgr A East is driving C-type shocks into both the GMC M−0.02 − 0.07 and the northern ridge of McGary et al.
A Comprehensive Team Approach to the Management of Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (2004)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by extreme obesity accompanied by other, multisystem clinical manifestations encompassing both physical and behavioral/cognitive abnormalities. The multi-dimensional problems of patients with PWS cannot be treated with a single intervention and benefit from a team approach to management to optimize outcomes. Childhood stature below target height and reduced final height are some defining characteristics of PWS, and compelling evidence from growth hormone (GH) treatment trials suggests that hypothalamic GH deficiency exists. Treatment with GH has been shown to increase height velocity in children with PWS, decrease weight-for-height index values and body fat mass, and have a positive effect on lean body mass during at least the first year of therapy. In addition to medical concerns, the behavioral manifestations, including an uncorrectable deficit in appetite control, and cognitive limitations associated with PWS, require long-term multidisciplinary management.
Transcriptional gene expression profiles of colorectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and normal tissue examined by oligonucleotide arrays. (2001)

Using an oligonucleotide array containing sequences complementary to approximately 3200 full-length human cDNAs and 3400 expressed sequence tags (GeneChip, Affymetrix), mRNA expression patterns were probed in 18 colon adenocarcinomas and 4 adenomas. Paired normal tissue was available and analyzed for each of the tumors. Relatively few changes in transcript expression are associated with colon cancer. Nineteen transcripts (0.48% of those detected) had at least 4-10.5-fold higher mRNA expression in carcinoma compared with paired normal samples, whereas 47 transcripts (1.3% of those detected) had at least 4-38-fold or lower expression in the tumor tissue compared with the normal samples. Some of these differences were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. Many of these transcripts were already known to be abnormally expressed in neoplastic tissue in general, or colon cancer in particular, and several of these differences were also observed in premalignant adenoma samples. A two-way hierarchical clustering algorithm successfully distinguished adenoma from adenocarcinoma and normal tissue, generating a phylogenetic tree that appropriately represented the clinical relationship between the three tissue types included in the analysis. This supports the concept that genome-wide expression profiling may permit a molecular classification of solid tumors.
Protein engineering of homodimeric tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase to produce active heterodimers. (1986)

Heterodimers of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been produced by mutagenesis at the subunit interface. Oppositely charged groups have been engineered into the subunits so that they can form a complementary pair. Wild-type tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a symmetrical dimer in which the side chains of the 2 Phe-164 residues interact at the subunit interface. Phe-164 was mutated to Asp in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and to Lys in a truncated enzyme (des-(321-419)tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase) which lacks the two tRNA-binding sites, but which can catalyze pyrophosphate exchange. The size difference allows subunit association to be studied by gel filtration chromatography. These changes induce reversible dissociation from active dimers into inactive monomers at pH values which favor ionization at position 164. A mixture of the two mutants near neutral pH is apparently fully active in pyrophosphate exchange and consists of a heterodimer of [Asp164]tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and [Lys164]des-(321-419)tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. Despite having only one binding site for tRNA, heterodimer has full aminoacylation activity at high concentrations of tyrosine. We have therefore produced a family of dimers that differ in stability near neutral pH. This novel approach using protein engineering allows specific dimerization of subunits of the same size that have different defined mutations, each subunit being tagged by the charge. Such hybrid proteins can be used to study subunit interaction.
Opportunities in the Industrial Biobased Products Industry (2004)

Approximately 89 million metric t of organic chemicals and lubricants, the majority of which are fossil based, are produced annually in the United States. The development of new industrial bioproducts, for production in standalone facilities or biorefineries, has the potential to reduce our dependence on imported oil and improve energy security. Advances in biotechnology are enabling the optimization of feedstock composition and agronomic characteristics and the development of new and improved fermentation organisms for conversion of biomass to new end products or intermediates. This article reviews recent biotechnology efforts to develop new industrial bioproducts and improve renewable feedstocks and key market opportunities.
Survival advantages conferred to colon cancer cells by E-selectin-induced activation of the PI3K-NFκB survival axis downstream of Death receptor-3 (2011)

Colon cancer cells acquire an increased capacity to survive via the activation of the PI3K/NFκB pathway following the stimulation of DR3 by E-selectin. Generation of a DR3 splice variant devoid of death domain can further contribute to protect against apoptosis.
Replication-Defective Bovine Adenovirus Type 3 as an Expression Vector (1999)

Although recombinant human adenovirus (HAV)-based vectors offer several advantages for somatic gene therapy and vaccination over other viral vectors, it would be desirable to develop alternative vectors with prolonged expression and decreased toxicity. Toward this objective, a replication-defective bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV-3) was developed as an expression vector. Bovine cell lines designated VIDO R2 (HAV-5 E1A/B-transformed fetal bovine retina cell [FBRC] line) and 6.93.9 (Madin-Darby bovine kidney [MDBK] cell line expressing E1 proteins) were developed and found to complement the E1A deletion in BAV-3. Replication-defective BAV-3 with a 1.7-kb deletion removing most of the E1A and E3 regions was constructed. This virus could be grown in VIDO R2 or 6.93.9 cells but not in FBRC or MDBK cells. The results demonstrated that the E1 region of HAV-5 has the capacity to transform bovine retina cells and that the E1A region of HAV-5 can complement that of BAV-3. A replication-defective BAV-3 vector expressing bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein D from the E1A region was made. A similar replication-defective vector expressing the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of bovine coronavirus from the E3 region was isolated. Although these viruses grew less efficiently than the replication-competent recombinant BAV-3 (E3 deleted), they are suitable for detailed studies with animals to evaluate the safety, duration of foreign gene expression, and ability to induce immune responses. In addition, a replication-competent recombinant BAV-3 expressing green fluorescent protein was constructed and used to evaluate the host range of BAV-3 under cell culture conditions. The development of bovine E1A-complementing cell lines and the generation of replication-defective BAV-3 vectors is a major technical advancement for defining the use of BAV-3 as vector for vaccination against diseases of cattle and somatic gene therapy in humans.
Regenerating the heart using human embryonic stem cells--from cell to bedside. (2006)

The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity and, therefore, functional restoration of the damaged heart presents a great challenge. Despite the progress achieved in the pharmacological and surgical treatment of degenerative myocardial diseases, they are still considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Repopulation of the damaged heart with cardiomyocytes represents a novel conceptual therapeutic paradigm but is hampered by the lack of sources for human cardiomyocytes. The recent derivation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cell lines may provide a solution for this cell sourcing problem. This review will focus on the derivation of the hESC lines, their mechanism of self-renewal, and their differentiation to cardiomyocytes. The possible signals and cues involved in the commitment and early differentiation of cardiomyocytes in this model will be discussed as well as the molecular, structural and electrophysiologic characteristics of the generated hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Finally, the hurdles and challenges toward fully harnessing the potential clinical applications of these unique cells will be described.
Ferroelectric-based functional pass-gate for low-power VLSI (2003)

A ferroelectric-based functional pass-gate is proposed for low-power logic-in-memory VLSI which makes communication bottlenecks free. Since non-destructive storage and switching functions are merged into a ferroelectric capacitor, active-device counts become small, which reduces the dynamic power dissipation. The use of ferroelectric-based non-volatile storage makes leakage currents cut off. Applying the ferroelectric-based circuitry to binary CAM implementation results in about half dynamic power reduction and 1/22000 static power reduction, compared to a. CMOS implementation under 0.6 /spl mu/m ferroelectric/CMOS.
Multiple view 3D registration: a review and a new technique (2003)

The contribution of the paper is two-fold: firstly, a review of the point set registration literature is given, and secondly a novel weighted least squares formulation of the point set registration problem is presented. Numerical registration results, produced by registering 3D point correspondence data sets using the weighted least squares approach show improved accuracy over those produced by an unweighted least squares formulation for cases where the point measurements are heteroscedastically and anisotropically distributed.
Synapse-Associated Protein 102/dlgh3 Couples the NMDA Receptor to Specific Plasticity Pathways and Learning Strategies (2007)

Understanding the mechanisms whereby information encoded within patterns of action potentials is deciphered by neurons is central to cognitive psychology. The multiprotein complexes formed by NMDA receptors linked to synaptic membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins including synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) and other associated proteins are instrumental in these processes. Although humans with mutations in SAP102 show mental retardation, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved are unknown. Using SAP102 knock-out mice, we found specific impairments in synaptic plasticity induced by selective frequencies of stimulation that also required extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. This was paralleled by inflexibility and impairment in spatial learning. Improvement in spatial learning performance occurred with extra training despite continued use of a suboptimal search strategy, and, in a separate nonspatial task, the mutants again deployed a different strategy. Double-mutant analysis of postsynaptic density-95 and SAP102 mutants indicate overlapping and specific functions of the two MAGUKs. These in vivo data support the model that specific MAGUK proteins couple the NMDA receptor to distinct downstream signaling pathways. This provides a mechanism for discriminating patterns of synaptic activity that lead to long-lasting changes in synaptic strength as well as distinct aspects of cognition in the mammalian nervous system.
On-chip two-mode division multiplexing using tapered directional coupler-based mode multiplexer and demultiplexer (2013)

We demonstrate a novel on-chip two-mode division multiplexing circuit using a tapered directional coupler-based TE(0)&TE(1) mode multiplexer and demultiplexer on the silicon-on-insulator platform. A low insertion loss (0.3 dB), low mode crosstalk (< -16 dB), wide bandwidth (~100 nm), and large fabrication tolerance (20 nm) are measured. An on-chip mode multiplexing experiment is carried out on the fabricated circuit with non return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) signals at 40 Gbit/s. The experimental results show clear eye diagrams and moderate power penalty for both TE(0) and TE(1) modes.
Preparation of composite-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel layer and characteristics of reverse hydrophilic-hydrophobic surface (1999)

The composite-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gels were prepared by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide on the surface of glass plates modified by organosilanes. The glass plates as the substrate increase the mechanical strength of composite PNIPAAm gel layers. We investigated the effects of a series of organosilanes and the reaction time of organosilanes on surface characteristics, such as the static contact angle and the layer thickness. We discuss the equilibrium swelling ratio and the water release behavior of the gel layers in terms of the crosslinking density of the composite gels. The composite gels exhibit not only the characteristics of remarkable water release but also the reversed hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface properties. The gel layers are hydrophilic under 25°C and change to hydrophobic above 40°C. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1–11, 1999
GRP78-directed immunotherapy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma - results from a phase 1 trial with the monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody PAT-SM6 (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01727778.
A novel application of maleimide for advanced drug delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of maleimide-modified pH-sensitive liposomes (2013)

Maleimide is a stable and easy-to-handle moiety that rapidly and covalently conjugates thiol groups of cysteine residues in proteins or peptides. Herein, we use maleimide to modify the surface of liposomes in order to obtain an advanced drug delivery system. Employing a small amount (0.3 mol%) of maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG) to modify the surface of the liposomes M-GGLG-liposomes, composed of 1,5-dihexadecyl N,N-diglutamyl-lysyl-L-glutamate (GGLG)/cholesterol/poly(ethylene glycol) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG5000-DSPE)/maleimide-PEG5000-Glu2C18 at a molar ratio of 5:5:0.03:0.03, drug delivery efficiency was remarkably improved both in vitro and in vivo compared to unmodified liposomes (GGLG-liposomes, composed of GGLG/cholesterol/PEG5000-DSPE/PEG5000-Glu2C18 at a molar ratio of 5:5:0.03:0.03). Moreover, this modification did not elicit any detectable increase in cytotoxicity. The maleimide-modification did not alter the physical characteristics of the liposomes such as size, zeta potential, pH sensitivity, dispersibility and drug encapsulation efficiency. However, M-GGLG-liposomes were more rapidly (≥2-fold) internalized into HeLa, HCC1954, and MDA-MB-468 cells compared to GGLG-liposomes. In vivo, M-GGLG-liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin (M-GGLG-DOX-liposomes) also showed a more potent antitumor effect than GGLG-DOX-liposomes and the widely used 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)-DOX-liposomes after two subcutaneous injections around breast cancer tissue in mice. The biodistribution of liposomes in this model was observed using an in vivo imaging system, which showed that M-GGLG-liposomes were present for significantly longer at the injection site compared to GGLG-liposomes. The outstanding biological functions of the maleimide-modified liposomes as a novel drug delivery system make them ideally suited to a wide range of applications.
5D BIM Tool Tool을 을 활용한 모듈러시스템의 효율성 연구 (2013)

Recently, there is a growing interest in BIM and modular method because of changing in users attitudes about quality of building and construction environment. however, In domestic, study on Modular method still have addressed primarily basic contents. This study check efficiency about this process through comparative analysis of Modular method and RC method used 5D BIM tool for real project and suggest a fitting schedule management method for modular method.
Immune response against rickettsiae: lessons from murine infection models (2017)

Rickettsiae are small intracellular bacteria that can cause life-threatening febrile diseases. Rickettsioses occur worldwide with increasing incidence. Therefore, a vaccine is highly desired. A prerequisite for the development of a vaccine is the knowledge of the immune response against these bacteria, in particular protective immunity. In recent years murine models of rickettsial infections have been established, and the study of immune response against rickettsiae in mice provided many new insights into protective and pathological immune reactions. This review summarizes the current knowledge about immune mechanisms in protection and pathology in rickettsial infections.
Prion Protein Amyloid: Separation of Scrapie Infectivity from PrP Polymers (2007)

The prion protein (PrP) undergoes a profound conformational change when the cellular isoform (PrPc) is converted into the scrapie form (PrPSc). Limited proteolysis of PrPSc produces PrP27-30 which readily polymerizes into amyloid. To study the structure of PrP amyloid, we employed organic solvents that perturb protein conformation. 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), which promotes alpha-helix formation, modified the ultrastructure of rod-shaped PrP amyloids, producing flattened ribbons with a more regular substructure. As the concentration of HFIP was increased, the beta-sheet content and proteinase K resistance of PrP27-30 as well as prion infectivity diminished. HFIP reversibly decreased the binding of Congo red dye to the rods, whereas inactivation of prion infectivity was irreversible. In contrast to 10% HFIP, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol (TFIP) did not inactivate prion infectivity but, similarly to HFIP, TFIP did alter the morphology of the rods and abolished Congo red binding. Our studies separate prion infectivity from the amyloid properties of PrP27-30 and underscore the dependence of prion infectivity on PrPSc conformation. Our results also demonstrate that the specific beta-sheet-rich structures required for prion infectivity are different from those needed for amyloid formation.
Optical Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Imaging Using Fiber Bundle Image Compression (1999)

Optical absorption and fluorescence spectral imaging is performed by using the recently developed fiber-bundle image compression (FIC) technique in which an entire spectral image is collected in a single scan of a charged-coupled device (CCD) detector. Absorption imaging is demonstrated by mapping the optical absorbance of a stained microscopic lily plant stem section. Fluorescence imaging is demonstrated by mapping shifts in the ruby R 1 fluorescence line to determine the pressure distribution in a microcrystalline ruby powder squeezed between two diamond surfaces. The advantages and limitations of the FIC method, relative to tunable filter and line imaging techniques, are discussed.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+release and muscle fatigue (1999)

Efforts to examine the relevant mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle fatigue are focusing on Ca(2+) handling within the active muscle cell. It has been demonstrated time and again that reductions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release resulting from increased or intense muscle contraction will compromise tension development. This review seeks to accomplish two related goals: 1) to provide an up-to-date molecular understanding of the Ca(2+)-release process, with considerable attention devoted to the SR Ca(2+) channel, including its associated proteins and their regulation by endogenous compounds; and 2) to examine several putative mechanisms by which cellular alterations resulting from intense and/or prolonged contractile activity will modify SR Ca(2+) release. The mechanisms that are likely candidates to explain the reductions in SR Ca(2+) channel function following contractile activity include elevated Ca(2+) concentrations, alterations in metabolic homeostasis within the "microcompartmentalized" triadic space, and modification by reactive oxygen species.
Tritertiarybutylaluminum as an organometallic source for epitaxial growth of AlGaSb (1995)

A new organometallic source, tritertiarybutylaluminum (TTBAl), has been used in growth of AlxGa1−xSb epilayers by low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Ternary alloys were grown over the whole composition range 0&amp;lt;x≤1 on GaSb and GaAs substrates from TTBAl, triethylgallium, and triethylantimony (TESb) or trimethylantimony (TMSb). All layers exhibited mirror surface morphologies. Photoluminescence was observed for layers with x&amp;lt;0.2, the composition that corresponds to the indirect transition. The background of C and O in AlSb grown with TESb was ∼2×1018 and ∼6×1019 cm−3, respectively, and ∼1.5×1019 and ∼1.5×1019 cm−3, respectively, for AlSb grown with TMSb. All layers exhibited p-type conductivity with hole concentration increasing with x, and saturating ∼5×1018 cm−3 for x=1, which is about 10 times lower compared to layers grown with conventional Al sources.