gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacement of Alcoholic Hydroxyl Groups by Halogens and Other Nucleophiles via Oxyphosphonium Intermediates (1983)

Abstract The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction involves the formation of dialkyl alkylphosphonates by heating alkyl halides with trialkyl phosphites, via an intermediate phosphonium salt. In recent years it has been found that phosphonium salts can be formed by reaction of a variety of trivalent phosphorus compounds with oxidizing electrophiles, and that the resulting phosphonium intermediates can be trapped with an alcohol to form alkoxyphosphonium cations. These cations can then undergo nucleophilic displacements, either with their own counterions or with added nucleophiles. This chapter is limited to species formed in situ from trivalent phosphorus compounds and various oxidants. The most commonly used trivalent phosphorus compounds are triphenyl phosphite, triphenylphosphine, and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine. The most commonly used oxidants are molecular halogens, alkyl halides, carbon tetrahalides, N ‐haloamides, N ‐haloamines, and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD). Other oxidants that have been used include mercuric salts, peroxides, dithioesters, and sulfenamides. The more common combinations of phosphorus(III) compounds and oxidants are summarized. The replacement of hydroxyl groups by halogen, the most common use of oxyphosphonium intermediates, is the principal subject of this chapter. However, the replacement of hydroxyl groups by oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon nucleophiles is also discussed. This review is restricted to alcoholic hydroxyl groups, and does not include a discussion of carboxylic hydroxyl groups. The principal combinations covered are triphenylphosphine–diethyl azodicarboxylate, triphenyl phosphite–methiodide, triphenylphosphine–halogen, triphenylphosphine–tetrahalomethane, triphenylphosphine–N‐haloimide, and tris(dimethylamino)phosphine–tetrahalomethane. Some of these combinations have been discussed in recent reviews.
CRISPR-DAV: CRISPR NGS data analysis and visualization pipeline (2017)

xuning.wang@bms.com.
Evaluation of a New Rapid Diagnostic Kit (FemExam) for Bacterial Vaginosis in Patients With Vaginal Discharge Syndrome in The Gambia (2003)

In a setting where BV was frequently associated with vaginal discharge, the FemExam test compared favorably with conventional clinical diagnosis, and it has the advantage of being rapid, less subjective, and easily performed. Cutting its cost would provide wider accessibility in developing countries.
The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 Strongly Promotes Neuroblastoma Primary Tumour and Metastatic Growth, but not Invasion (2007)

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous, and particularly malignant childhood neoplasm in its higher stages, with a propensity to form metastasis in selected organs, in particular liver and bone marrow, and for which there is still no efficient treatment available beyond surgery. Recent evidence indicates that the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine/receptor axis may be involved in promoting NB invasion and metastasis. In this study, we explored the potential role of CXCR4 in the malignant behaviour of NB, using a combination of in vitro functional analyses and in vivo growth and metastasis assessment in an orthotopic NB mouse model. We show here that CXCR4 overexpression in non-metastatic CXCR4-negative NB cells IGR-NB8 and in moderately metastatic, CXCR4 expressing NB cells IGR-N91, strongly increased tumour growth of primary tumours and liver metastases, without altering the frequency or the pattern of metastasis. Moreover shRNA-mediated knock-down experiments confirmed our observations by showing that silencing CXCR4 in NB cells impairs in vitro and almost abrogates in vivo growth. High levels of CXCL12 were detected in the mouse adrenal gland (the primary tumour site), and in the liver suggesting a paracrine effect of host-derived CXCL12 on NB growth. In conclusion, this study reveals a yet unreported NB-specific predominant growth and survival-promoting role of CXCR4, which warrants a critical reconsideration of the role of CXCR4 in the malignant behaviour of NB and other cancers.
PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION BY THE SEC61/SECY CHANNEL (2005)

The conserved protein-conducting channel, referred to as the Sec61 channel in eukaryotes or the SecY channel in eubacteria and archaea, translocates proteins across cellular membranes and integrates proteins containing hydrophobic transmembrane segments into lipid bilayers. Structural studies illustrate how the protein-conducting channel accomplishes these tasks. Three different mechanisms, each requiring a different set of channel binding partners, are employed to move polypeptide substrates: The ribosome feeds the polypeptide chain directly into the channel, a ratcheting mechanism is used by the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, and a pushing mechanism is utilized by the bacterial ATPase SecA. We review these translocation mechanisms, relating biochemical and genetic observations to the structures of the protein-conducting channel and its binding partners.
Local Inhibition of Tissue Factor Reduces the Thrombogenicity of Disrupted Human Atherosclerotic Plaques (1999)

This study documents the key role of TF activity in acute arterial thrombosis after atherosclerotic plaque disruption and provides evidence of the benefit of blocking plaque TF activity. Therefore the inhibition of the TF pathway opens a new therapeutic strategy in the prevention of acute coronary thrombosis after plaque disruption.
Induction of Unexpected Left‐Handed Helicity by an N‐Terminal L‐Amino Acid in an Otherwise Achiral Peptide Chain (2012)

Peptide helices containing L-amino acids are typically right-handed. Exceptions are peptide helices containing the achiral amino acids 2-aminoisobutyric acid and glycine with a single chiral amino acid at the N terminus. These helices are left-handed when the N-terminal residue is a common tertiary proteinogenic amino acid, such as L-valine (see picture, left), but right-handed when the N-terminal residue is the quaternary amino acid L-α-methylvaline (right). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Harmonic estimation in a power system using adaptive perceptrons (1996)

The paper presents an adaptive neural network approach for the estimation of harmonic components of a power system. The neural estimator is based on the use of an adaptive perceptron comprising a linear adaptive neuron called Adaline. The learning parameters in the proposed algorithm are adjusted to force the error between the actual and desired outputs to satisfy a stable difference error equation. The estimator tracks the Fourier coefficients of the signal data corrupted with noise and decaying DC components very accurately. Adaptive tracking of harmonic components of a power system can easily be done using this algorithm. Several numerical tests have been conducted for the adaptive estimation of harmonic components of power system signals mixed with noise and decaying DC components. Data from a laboratory test is used to validate the performance of this new approach.
Choline Deficiency Causes Reversible Hepatic Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition: Proof of a Human Choline Requirement: A Placebo‐Controlled Trial (2001)

Choline deficiency is a significant contributor to the development of TPN-associated liver disease. The data suggest choline is a required nutrient for long-term home TPN patients.
Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses: Lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure during two-minute exposures of rats (1998)

Exposure to fast-rise-time ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses has been postulated to result in effects on biological tissue (including the cardiovascular system). In the current study, 10 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulses produced by a Sandia UWB pulse generator (average values of exposures over three different pulse repetition rates: rise time, 174-218 ps; peak E field, 87-104 kV/m; pulse duration, 0.97-0.99 ns). Exposures to 50, 500 and 1000 pulses/s resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure measured every 30 s during 2 min of exposure and for 2 min after the exposure. The results suggest that acute UWB whole-body exposure under these conditions does not have an immediate detrimental effect on these cardiovascular system variables in anesthetized rats.
Strategies To Design pH Optodes with Luminescence Decay Times in the Microsecond Time Regime (1998)

We present the first optical pH sensor with luminescence decay times longer than 1 μs. It is based on radiationless energy transfer from a luminescent ruthenium(II) complex as the donor to a colored pH indicator as the acceptor. The metal−ligand complex ruthenium(II) tris-4,4‘-diphenyl-2,2‘-bipyridyl was selected as the donor, and bromothymol blue and a reactive azo dye were selected as pH-sensitive acceptors. Strategies for co-immobilization of transition metal complexes and pH indicators into a hydrogel matrix were evaluated and discussed. pH transition intervals between 7 and 9 allow the measurement in the physiological range and also under marine conditions. Signal changes of up to 50% over 2.5 pH units are observed, depending on the respective acceptor content in the sensing film. Luminescence lifetime measurements of the sensing films were performed in the frequency domain with a blue LED as the light source. The effect of molecular oxygen (acting both as a quenching and a bleaching agent, thereby limiting the accuracy and the long-term stability of such sensors) was found to be crucial for practical applications. Since leaching of the acceptor also limits the stability of the sensing films, several strategies to reduce this effect were evaluated.
CMOS integrated magnetic field source used as a reference in magnetic field sensors on common substrate (2002)

An integrated reference magnetic field generator was introduced for integrated Hall sensors. Its model was presented and analysed. A simple SPICE type design tool was developed. The described structure was designed and the model parameters extracted and verified. Extracted reference voltage is used for compensation of Hall sensitivity temperature, time and mechanical stress dependence compensation and for mass production testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electron transport phenomena in small-gap semiconductors (1974)

Abstract Electron transport phenomena in small-gap III–V, II–VI and IV–VI semiconducting compounds are reviewed. We emphasize peculiarities due to nonparabolic energy-momentum dependence in the conduction band and the structure of Bloch wavefunctions, when electron energy becomes comparable to that of the gap. General theoretical framework is compared with real conduction bands in the materials of interest. Thermodynamic properties of electron gas are derived for arbitrary nonparabolic and nonspherical energy bands. We develop a theory of d.c. transport phenomena and free-carrier optics based on a linear Boltzmann equation solved for an ellipsoidal band of arbitrary nonparabolicity. Elastic electron scattering is considered taking into account true Bloch eigenstates of the conduction electrons. We give a unified description of electron mobility, thermoelectric power, thermomagnetic phenomena and free-carrier optical effects illustrating the theoretical methods with experimental results of various authors. It is demonstrated that the energy band structure of small-gap semiconductors must be consistently used in the realistic description of their transport properties.
Demodex mites in acne rosacea (1998)

The hair follicle mites Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis and their role in the pathogenesis of rosacea have been the subject of much debate in the past. We studied the prevalence of Demodex mites in facial skin biopsies obtained from 80 patients with rosacea, 40 with facial eczematous eruption and 40 with lupus erythematosus discoides. The mite prevalence in the rosacea group (51%) was significantly higher than in the rest of the study population (eczema 28% and lupus discoides 31%). Demodex mites were found on all facial sites. The most infested areas in the whole study group were the forehead (49%) and the cheeks (44%). Males were more frequently infested (59%) than females (30%). We did not find any significant difference in mite counts of infested follicles between rosacea and the control group. A lympho-histiocytic cell infiltration was seen around the infested hair follicles. Our results suggest that Demodex mites may play a role in the inflammatory reaction in acne rosacea.
Liquid Software: A New Paradigm for Networked Systems (1996)

This paper introduces the idea of dynamically moving functionality in a network---between clients and servers, and between hosts at the edge of the network and nodes inside the network. At the heart of moving functionality is the ability to support mobile code---code that is not tied to any single machine, but instead can easily move from one machine to another. Mobile code has been studied mostly for application-level code. This paper explores its use for all facets of the network, and in a much more general way. Issues of efficiency, interface design, security, and resource allocation, among others, are addressed. We use the term liquid software to describe the complete picture---liquidsoftware is an entire infrastructure for dynamically moving functionality throughout a network. We expect liquid software to enble new paradigms, such as active networks that allow users and applications to customize the network by interjecting code into it. Department of Computer Science The Univers...
Effect of venous shear stress on CD18-mediated neutrophil adhesion to cultured endothelium (1990)

The CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins has been identified as a mediator of a number of adhesive interactions crucial to inflammatory responses. Using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD18 (TS1/18), the role of these molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNL) adhesion to cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was examined under venous flow conditions. Incubation of PMNL with TS1/18 (anti-CD18) did not inhibit PMNL adhesion to interleukin-1 (IL-1)-treated HUVEC at 2.0 dynes/cm2 (TS1/18-treated 305 +/- 58 PMNL/mm2 v 334 +/- 63 PMNL/mm2 on control). Furthermore, incubation of HUVEC with R6.5.D6, an MoAb against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) did not significantly inhibit PMNL adhesion to IL-1-treated HUVEC at 2.0 dynes/cm2 (P greater than .3). In contrast to the lack of inhibition of adhesion under conditions of flow, incubation of PMNL with TS1/18 reduced PMNL adherence in static adhesion assays. PMNL migration beneath HUVEC monolayers has been shown to be stimulated by 4-hour IL-1 treatment. TS1/18 and R6.5.D6 significantly inhibited migration of PMNL beneath IL-1-treated HUVEC monolayers under flow conditions by slightly more than 80% (P less than .005). In flow experiments with CD18-deficient PMNL, virtually no transendothelial migration was observed. The effect of FMLP (10(-8) mol/L) on PMNL adhesion to untreated HUVEC at wall shear stresses ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 dynes/cm2 was also investigated. FMLP had little effect on PMNL adherence at shear stresses above 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P greater than .45). In response to FMLP exposure at lower wall shear stresses, PMNL adherence to untreated HUVEC increased 6.9-fold at 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P less than .001). At 0.25 dynes/cm2, FMLP stimulation increased PMNL adherence to untreated HUVEC 6.5-fold compared with controls (P less than .005), and FMLP failed to make CD18-deficient PMNL more adherent. In experiments with PMNL pretreated with TS1/18 (anti-CD18), there was a 67% inhibition of FMLP-stimulated adhesion at 0.5 dynes/cm2 (P less than .025). The upper threshold of CD18-mediated PMNL adhesion appears to be between 0.5 and 1.0 dyne/cm2. Above these wall shear stresses, the initial attachment of PMNL to cultured endothelium was mediated almost exclusively by CD18-independent mechanisms. By simulating some of the flow parameters in the microcirculation with well-characterized shear forces, PMNL adhesion by CD18-independent and dependent mechanisms can be differentiated. These data also indicate that CD18 is an important mediator of transendothelial migration by PMNL, which have attached to the endothelium by a CD18-independent mechanism.
The Synthesis of Some 8-Alkylthio-2-thiotheophyllines and 8-Alkylthio-6-thiotheophyllines1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some 8-Alkylthio-2-thiotheophyllines and 8-Alkylthio-6-thiotheophyllines1Albert J. Dietz Jr. and Raymond M. BurgisonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 1, 160Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00319a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00319a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B7-H6 expression in non-small cell lung cancers. (2014)

B7 family has been known to be a negative regulator of immunity response in patients with lung cancer. B7-H6 as a novel identified member of B7 family is found to trigger natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by binding natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30. Up until now, no investigations have been made about B7-H6 expression in lung cancer. We present the result of the B7-H6 prognostic value in 65 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and 65 matched adjacent non-tumor tissues by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Meanwhile, fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used to detect B7-H6 receptor NKp30 expression in 7 non-small cell lung cancer tissues and 7 adjacent non-tumor tissues. Here, the result showed B7-H6 immunoreactivity in 6/65 (9.23%) lung cancer patients and 4/65 (6.15%) in adjacent non-tumor tissues. No relationship was found between B7-H6 expression and clinic pathological features. Similarly, no relevance was found for NKp30 expression in lung cancer tissues and non-tumor tissues. However, B7-H6 positive carcinomas were significantly correlated with degree of differentiation (P = 0.044). Three year survival rate after operation did not show the prognostic value for B7-H6 expression. Our study suggests that B7-H6 has a limited value as a prognostic marker in the patients of lung cancer.
Determining the Neurotransmitter Concentration Profile at Active Synapses (2009)

Establishing the temporal and concentration profiles of neurotransmitters during synaptic release is an essential step towards understanding the basic properties of inter-neuronal communication in the central nervous system. A variety of ingenious attempts has been made to gain insights into this process, but the general inaccessibility of central synapses, intrinsic limitations of the techniques used, and natural variety of different synaptic environments have hindered a comprehensive description of this fundamental phenomenon. Here, we describe a number of experimental and theoretical findings that has been instrumental for advancing our knowledge of various features of neurotransmitter release, as well as newly developed tools that could overcome some limits of traditional pharmacological approaches and bring new impetus to the description of the complex mechanisms of synaptic transmission.
THE IMPACT OF TRANSIENT ANTI-DONOR ANTIBODIES IN A RAT LUNG TRANSPLANT MODEL (1998)

440 The effects of anti-donor alloantibodies are not well established in lung transplantation. We have observed an association between the development of anti-donor antibodies and rejection in our clinical lung transplants and were interested in what effect a transient antibody response would have on outcome in lung transplantation. We chose a rat model, BN to LEW (RT-1 class I & II mismatched), that has been shown to result in sustained engraftment following a 2 day course of cyclosporine A (25mg/kg, im). Hyperimmune serum was obtained via BN to LEW skin grafts, and shown by flow cytometry to react strongly with BN lymphocytes. Orthotopic transplant of the left lung was performed in 15 control animals, with the experimental group (n=17) receiving 0.7ml of immune serum one hour before transplant. Hyperacute rejection was not observed in either group, and the grafts were monitored by x-ray at weekly intervals. At sacrifice, histological grading was performed using ISHLT criteria. X-ray assessment of graft integrity revealed poor aeration in 4 of 15 controls, and 15 of 17 experimental animals (p=0.0008, Fischer's exact test). Moderate or severe acute rejection (IHLT grade A3-A4) was seen in 1 of 15 control grafts and in 16 of 17 of the experimental transplants(p<0.0001). Fibrosis was seen in 11 of 17 experimental transplants, but was observed in only 1 of 15 controls (p= 0.001). In the experimental group, 10 of 17 animals sacrificed at days 30-60 showed complete atelectasis, which was not observed in any of the control animals sacrificed between days 60 to 120(p=0.0003). These findings suggest that even a transient antibody response, simulated here by the passive transfer of alloantibody, can result in the rejection of a lung allograft. This observation also suggests that treatment of lung allograft recipients undergoing humoral rejection may require aggressive approaches.
Synthesis and Reactions of some Chalcones containing a -CF3 Group (1997)

Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 001 <em>Manuscript received 10 October 1995, revised 23 April 1996, accepted 21 June 1996</em> Synthesis and Reactions of some Chalcones containing a -CF3 Group.