gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced regression of bovine papillomas by intralesional immunotherapy. (1994)

It has long been assumed that papilloma regression is mediated by immunological mechanisms which are probably cellular in nature. The potentiation of these responses may alter the course of papilloma progression. Certain strains of the bacterium Corynebacterium parvum (Propionibacterium acnes) have been shown to augment cellular immune mechanisms by increasing both macrophage and natural killer cell activity. This study involves the use of naturally occurring bovine papillomas to investigate the immune mechanisms involved in induced papilloma regression. Papillomas were treated by intralesional injection of a C. parvum suspension. Treated papillomas were biopsied at various stages of regression. Tissue samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to identify specific infiltrating cells. Results showed that intralesional administration of C. parvum was capable of inducing regression of bovine papillomas in 8-15 weeks. Immunological staining revealed that regression was associated with an increased number of CD8+ and gamma delta+ cells in the dermis, as well as a marked infiltration of neutrophils.
CO oxidation on Pt(111)—Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and Monte Carlo simulations (2001)

The catalytic reaction between adsorbed oxygen atoms and CO molecules on Pt(111) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and modeled by Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments were performed by dosing preadsorbed Oad layers with CO between 237 and 274 K. Two stages were observed during dosing with CO, an initial reordering and compression of (2×2)Oad islands, and a subsequent shrinking of the islands by the reaction of Oad to give CO2. The reaction occurs exclusively at boundaries between (2×2)Oad and c(4×2)COad domains. The reaction order with respect to the oxygen coverage is 0.5; the reactivity of the boundary increases during the reaction. The Monte Carlo simulations included surface diffusion of Oad atoms, attractive interactions between Oad atoms, the Oad–COad reaction probability (with parameters from quantitative scanning tunneling microscopy measurements), adsorption/desorption of CO, and a high mobility of COad. The experimentally observed domain shapes, the reaction order of 0.5, and the increasing boundary reactivity could only be reproduced by additionally including an Oad coordination-dependent activation energy ΔEreact* of 25 meV per Oad neighbor that accounts for the attractive Oad–Oad interactions. The initial ordering stage could be modeled by incorporating an additional repulsive interaction between Oad and COad. The fact that no reaction occurs in the interior of the (2×2)Oad domains, although they are covered by a layer of interstitial COad molecules, is attributed to the crucial role of reactive Oad–COad configurations that only exist at the domain boundaries.
Structure and mRNA expression of a bovine trp homologue related to mammalian trp2 transcripts (1998)

Mammalian homologues of the transient receptor potential (trp) gene product from Drosophila melanogaster function as Ca2+-selective or non-selective cation channels. Complementary DNA was isolated from a bovine testis cDNA library which encodes bovine trp2 (btrp2), a protein of 432 amino acid residues comprising four predicted transmembrane segments. Btrp2 mRNA is expressed in bovine testis, spleen and liver but not in brain, heart, adrenal gland or retina. In bovine testis expression of btrp2 mRNA is restricted to spermatocytes but is not present in spermatogonia, Leydig or Sertoli cells suggesting that btrp2 may contribute to the formation of ion channels in sperm cells.
A Multicenter, Double-Blinded Validation Study of Methylation Biomarkers for Progression Prediction in Barrett's Esophagus (2009)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk in Barrett's esophagus (BE) is increased 30- to 125-fold versus the general population. Among all BE patients, however, neoplastic progression occurs only once per 200 patient-years. Molecular biomarkers are therefore needed to risk-stratify patients for more efficient surveillance endoscopy and to improve the early detection of progression. We therefore performed a retrospective, multicenter, double-blinded validation study of eight BE progression prediction methylation biomarkers. Progression or nonprogression were determined at 2 years (tier 1) and 4 years (tier 2). Methylation was assayed in 145 nonprogressors and 50 progressors using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Progressors were significantly older than nonprogressors (70.6 versus 62.5 years; P < 0.001). We evaluated a linear combination of the eight markers, using coefficients from a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were high in the 2-year, 4-year, and combined data models (0.843, 0.829, and 0.840; P < 0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). In addition, even after rigorous overfitting correction, the incremental AUCs contributed by panels based on the 8 markers plus age versus age alone were substantial (Delta-AUC = 0.152, 0.114, and 0.118, respectively) in all 3 models. A methylation biomarker-based panel to predict neoplastic progression in BE has potential clinical value in improving both the efficiency of surveillance endoscopy and the early detection of neoplasia.
Growth Hormone Regulation of SIRP and SHP-2 Tyrosyl Phosphorylation and Association (1998)

SIRPs (signal-regulatory proteins) are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins that were identified by their association with the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in response to insulin. Here we examine whether SIRPalpha and SHP-2 are signaling molecules for the receptors for growth hormone (GH), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), or interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), cytokine receptor superfamily members that bind to and activate Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). In 3T3-F442A fibroblasts, GH rapidly stimulates tyrosyl phosphorylation of both SIRPalpha and SHP-2 and enhances association of SHP-2 with SIRPalpha. Consistent with JAK2 binding and phosphorylating SIRPalpha in response to GH, co-expression of SIRPalpha and JAK2 in COS cells results in tyrosyl phosphorylation of SIRPalpha and JAK2 association with SIRPalpha. LIF does not stimulate tyrosyl phosphorylation of SIRPalpha but stimulates greater tyrosyl phosphorylation of SHP-2 than GH. Additionally, LIF enhances association of SHP-2 with the gp130 subunit of the LIF receptor signaling complex. IFNgamma, which stimulates JAK2 to a greater extent than LIF, is ineffective at stimulating tyrosyl phosphorylation of SIRPalpha or SHP-2. These results suggest that SIRPalpha is a signaling molecule for GH but not for LIF or IFNgamma. Differential phosphorylation of SIRPalpha and SHP-2 may contribute to the distinct physiological effects of these ligands.
MATING-TYPE GENE SWITCHING IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (1998)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can change its mating type as often as every generation by a highly choreographed, site-specific recombination event that replaces one MAT allele with different DNA sequences encoding the opposite allele. The study of this process has yielded important insights into the control of cell lineage, the silencing of gene expression, and the formation of heterochromatin, as well as the molecular events of double-strand break-induced recombination. In addition, MAT switching provides a remarkable example of a small locus control region--the Recombination Enhancer--that controls recombination along an entire chromosome arm.
Adenoviral vectors targeted to CD40 enhance the efficacy of dendritic cell-based vaccination against human papillomavirus 16-induced tumor cells in a murine model. (2000)

Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a unique junction from which to initiate antigen-specific immunity. One of the most challenging obstacles for DC-based immunotherapy has been the means by which to convey tumor antigen-encoding genes to DCs. In this study, we show that adenoviral (or adenovirus, Ad) vectors targeted to CD40 by means of bispecific antibodies can enhance gene transfer to murine DCs. Moreover, we illustrate that this vector initiates phenotypic changes characteristic of DC maturation. To explore the in vivo potential of this strategy, we coupled this targeting approach with an Ad vector carrying the gene for a tumor antigen. In particular, the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 antigen represents an attractive target for antigen-specific immunity of cervical cancer. Relative to DCs infected by untargeted Ad, DCs infected by AdE7 targeted to the receptor CD40 enhanced protection against HPV-16-induced tumor cells in a murine model. We have further established that this protection was both antigen specific and CD8+ T-cell dependent. Illustrating that Ad-modified DCs may be used in repeated vaccination, we report that preimmunization of animals with Ad infected DCs prior to E7 vaccination only moderately reduced vaccine efficacy. Finally, we have observed that CD40-targeted AdE7 can initiate partial therapeutic immunity in mice bearing established tumors. These findings suggest that gene-based vaccination of DCs with tumor antigens can elicit productive antitumoral immunity and that enhancements in gene transfer efficacy and/or DC maturation may facilitate this process.
A three-dimensional photoresist image simulator: TRIPS-I (1985)

A simulator for a three-dimensional (3-D) photoresist image formation on flat substrates has been developed. Named Three-Dimensional Resist Imaging Process Simulator-I (TRIPS-I), the simulator consists of three subsimulators: one for the two-dimensional (2-D) distribution of projected light intensity, one for 3-D photosensitizer concentration distribution, and one for 3-D photoresist development. In regard to the first two, conventional procedures have been employed. The last, however, involves adoption of a ray tracing model based on the principle of least time.
Preparation of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) Thin Film by SILAR (2008)

Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin film was deposited on microscopic glass substrate following a chemical technique called successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The technique involves multiple dipping of the substrate in an aqueous solution of sodium zincate kept at room temperature and deionized water kept near boiling point. Al doping was found to increase the film growth rate. It was approximately 0.20 µm/mole/dipping for ZnO film and 0.22 µm/mole/dipping for AZO film. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique confirmed incorporation of aluminum in ZnO lattice. The c-axis orientation was significantly enhanced due to Al incorporation which was revealed from marked increase of (002) peak intensity compared to other peaks of hexagonal ZnO. The cross sectional view in SEM (Scanning electron micrograph) also reveals growth of large crystallites perpendicular to the substrate. The resistance of the film decreased about one order in magnitude due to Al doping. The activation barrier value of 0.31 eV for ZnO film was however found to be unaffected due to aluminum incorporation.
Natural antibodies to the structural core protein (p24) of the human T-cell leukemia (lymphoma) retrovirus found in sera of leukemia patients in Japan (1982)

In Japan, adult T-cell leukemias and lymphomas are more common than in the United States and Europe, and in the southwest part of Japan these T-cell malignancy cases appear in clusters. Therefore, we investigated the involvement in these leukemias and lymphomas of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) that was previously isolated in one of our laboratories from cultured T cells of some patients in the United States with leukemias and lymphomas involving relatively mature T cells. High titers of antibodies capable of quantitative precipitation of (125)I-labeled p24, a well characterized core protein of HTLV, were detected in 12 of 12 patients with untreated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). (One negative was a patient on chemotherapy.) Ten of the 12 positive samples were from an area where the disease is endemic. Strong precipitating antibodies were also detected in five of seven cases of T-cell malignant lymphoma (TML) which differs from ATL by having fewer leukemic cells in the peripheral blood. High antibody titers were also observed in one of five cases of acute monoblastic leukemia and one of eight cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia in the blast phase of the disease. Low to moderate titers of antibodies were detected in several categories of leukemia (two cases of blast-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, two cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the null-cell type, and one case of acute myelogenous leukemia). Among all categories of leukemias, except ATL and TML, more cases were negative than positive for anti-p24 activity. All of 79 sera from normal Japanese, including 39 collected from the endemic ATL area of southwest Japan, were negative for antibodies to HTLV p24. All the positive reactivities observed were highly specific to HTLV. The only competition observed in the precipitation of HTLV p24 was with HTLV or with cell lines expressing HTLV and not with various animal retroviruses or a large number of human and subhuman primate cell lines, not known to be producing HTLV. The data strongly indicate an association of HTLV with the increased incidence of ATL in parts of Japan, probably with other forms of leukemias in Japan, and, less commonly, with certain T-cell malignancies in the United States.
Investigating Novel Applications of the Coanda Effect for Small Morphing Unmanned Aircraft (2013)

The proposed research focuses on the Coanda Effect and the applications affiliated with the phenomenon. The experimental work is presented with a short discussion. The experiments were conducted on two different types of air amplifier. The first one is commonly used in manufacturing processes and the second within a consumer electronic product, the Dyson Fan. The measured data shows a significant amount of thrust produced at relatively low pressure. With those results in mind the futuristic view on the novel concept of UAV, which utilizes the air amplifiers as the propulsion unit is also presented.
Intravitreal chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent intraocular lymphoma (1999)

Intravitreal chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent intraocular lymphoma appears effective in prolonging local remission of ocular disease even in the presence of an aggressively growing tumour. A single intravitreal injection of methotrexate can lead to a prolonged tumoricidal concentration lasting for a longer period than that achieved by systemic administration.
Laser photomedicine (1984)

The optical properties of human tissue are reviewed and the effects of UV and visible radiation on human tissue summarized. Therapeutic photomedicine using lamp sources is reviewed and current applications using lasers are discussed. Techniques for achieving selective thermal effects are summarized; these include the use of endogenous and exogenous chromophores as targets and the use of pulsed radiation to confine the heating effects to the targets. Future therapeutic uses of lasers may depend on these target-specific effects.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aza‐Michael Additions (2009)

The catalytic aza-Michael addition is an important reaction within synthetic organic chemistry, given the significance of the biologically and synthetically interesting products, such as beta-amino acids and beta-lactams. In the last decade organocatalysis emerged as a powerful tool in asymmetric synthesis and had a large impact on the development of asymmetric and catalytic conjugate additions of nitrogen nucleophiles to Michael acceptors. In this review a first summary of the recent rapid progress of asymmetric organocatalyzed aza-Michael reactions is presented.
Autofluorescence spectroscopy using a XeCl excimer laser system for simultaneous plaque ablation and fluorescence excitation (1994)

Laser-induced fluorescence may be used to guide laser ablation of atherosclerotic lesions. This study was performed to evaluate arterial autofluorescence spectroscopy in vitro using a single XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) for simultaneous tissue ablation and fluorescence excitation. The laser beam was coupled to a 600-microns silica fiber transmitting 40-50 mJ/mm2 per pulse. The fluorescence radiation emanating retrogradely from the fiber was collected by a concave mirror spectroscopic analysis over a range of 321-657 nm. The arterial media (n = 26), lipid plaques (n = 26), and calcified lesions (n = 27) of aortic specimens from ten human cadavers were investigated in air, saline, and blood. Whereas the spectrum of calcified lesions changed with the surrounding optical medium, the other spectra remained constant. In air and blood, the spectra of arterial media, lipid plaques, and calcified lesions could be differentiated qualitatively and quantitatively (P < 0.0001). In saline, there was no clearcut spectroscopic difference between lipid plaques and calcified lesions. However, normal arterial media and atherosclerotic lesions (lipid plaques plus calcified lesions) could still be discriminated. Thus spectroscopy and plaque ablation can be combined using a single XeCl excimer laser. These encouraging results should stimulate further studies to determine the potential use of this approach to guide laser angioplasty in humans.
Suppression of the shunt pathway in primary gout by azathioprine. (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Patterns of Thermal Deposition in the Skull During Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Surgery (2004)

The induction of temperature elevation by focused ultrasound is a noninvasive surgical technique for destroying tissue. This technique has been used clinically in soft tissues such as liver, prostate and breast. It has long been desired to extend this technique to noninvasive treatment of brain tumors. Although the skull was once thought to be an unsurpassable barrier to focused ultrasound treatment, it has been shown that the distortion caused by the skull can be corrected to produce a useful intracranial focus. However, the attenuation experienced by the ultrasound in passing through cranial bone is large, and consequently the skull is subject to the deposition of acoustic energy as heat. The nature and extent of this heating process has been difficult to characterize empirically. It is practically difficult to implant a sufficient number of thermocouples to obtain detailed temperature data directly, and bone is an unsuitable medium in which to perform noninvasive thermometry using proton chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, skull specimens used experimentally lack active blood perfusion of the skull and the overlying scalp. This paper describes the use of large-scale acoustic and thermal simulations to calculate the distribution of temperature within the skull and brain that can be expected to occur during therapeutically useful focused ultrasound sonications of the brain. The results demonstrate that standing waves may be formed within the skull during transcranial sonication leading to nonuniform skull heating. However, the results also show that these effects can be sufficiently controlled to allow therapeutic ultrasound to be focused in the cranial base region of the brain without causing thermal damage to the scalp, skull or outer surface of the brain.
P2‐158: Coenzyme Q10 attenuates hyperphosphorylation of tau with upregulation of Akt signaling in the aged transgenic mice with Alzheimer presenilin 1 mutation (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Familial Alzheimer disease mutations of presenilin 1 (PS-1) enhance the generation of Aβ42 and intracellular accumulation. However, the effect of PS-1 mutations on tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms were poorly understood, and there is no treatment to arrest tau pathology. Western blot, Immunohistochemistry and SOD activity assay were performed in this study. Tau phosphorylation at Ser396, Ser404 and Tau-1 (Ser198/199/202) epitopes was increased in hippocampus of the aged transgenic mice overexpressing Alzheimer presenilin 1-L235P(leucine-to-proline mutation at codon 235, 16–17 months old) compared with the age-matched wild type mice. Meanwhile, we further detected the alterations in Akt-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)–3β signaling associated with oxidative stress and found decreased phosphorylation of both Akt and GSK-3β in the transgenic mice. Concurrently, we detected an increased oxidative stress reaction as evidenced by elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus of the transgenic mice. In addition, exogenous supplementation of antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) not only partially decreased MDA level and up-regulated the activity of SOD, but also attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation, concurrently accompanied with a restoration of Akt-GSK-3β signaling. These results suggest that tau hyperphosphorylation is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and the mechanisms may involve oxidative stress-mediated depression of Akt-GSK-3β signaling. The neuroprotective effect of CoQ10 could be attributed to its antioxidant property. Our data indicate that CoQ10 might be a potential therapeutic candidate in AD treatment.
Jasplakinolide, a cytotoxic natural product, induces actin polymerization and competitively inhibits the binding of phalloidin to F-actin. (1994)

Jasplakinolide, a naturally occurring cyclic peptide from the marine sponge, Jaspis johnstoni, has both fungicidal and antiproliferative activity. We now report that this peptide is a potent inducer of actin polymerization in vitro. The peptide has a much greater effect on Mg(2+)-actin than on Ca(2+)-actin. Competitive binding studies using rhodamine-phalloidin suggest that jasplakinolide binds to F-actin competitively with phalloidin with a dissociation constant of approximately 15 nM. This compares favorably to the previously reported IC50 of 35 nM for the antiproliferative effect of jasplakinolide on PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. The binding curve suggests that nearest neighbor positive cooperativity influences the binding of jasplakinolide (and perhaps also phalloidin) to F-actin. These results imply that jasplakinolide may exert its cytotoxic effect in vivo by inducing actin polymerization and/or stabilizing pre-existing actin filaments.
EVALUATION OF A BIOCIDAL TURBINE-FUEL ADDITIVE, (1967)

Growth of microorganisms in water-contaminated, kerosene-type fuels is a widespread problem in aviation. One approach to the solution of this problem is the introduction into fuel of a chemical additive which could stop or retard growth of microbes. Evaluation of the effectiveness of such an additive was conducted in the laboratory under conditions which approximated field operations. Organisms of known identity and isolates from contaminated fuel, when cultured in aqueous nutrient media, responded vairably to the additive; however, most fungi and bacteria were severely inhibited by 1,000-5,000 ppm. In simulated fuel cells containing turbine fuel and an aqueous solution of inorganic salts, all fungi were killed within four days at 270 ppm additive. The effect on bacteria in this system was negligible, an observation supported by a three-month field test in a Convair 880 aircraft where 270 ppm in fuel caused an almost complete disappearance of fungi with little effect on bacteria. Tests also showed that while microbes remain viable in dry fuel, they require a discrete water phase for multiplication. (Author)