gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad range DNA probes for detecting and amplifying eubacterial nucleic acids (1989)

In this report we describe and characterize two oligomer probes that are broadly homologous to conserved eubacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences not present in human 18 rRNA or human mitochondrial 12S rRNA. One or both of the probes can detect all of 23 phylogenetically diverse eubacterial nucleic acids against which they were tested by dot blot hybridization. A sensitivity of about 1 bacterium per 10 eukaryotic cells was achieved. By using these oligomer sequences or their complements as primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the equivalent of 1 pg of E. coli DNA was detected in the presence of a large excess of eukaryotic DNA. Information useful for partial phylogenetic classification of detected organisms may be obtained by direct sequence analysis of the amplified DNA and comparison with known sequences or catalogs. Such broadly homologous probes offer advantages over more narrowly specific probes for detecting organisms whose identity is unknown. They could thus be employed for recognizing infection by organisms that cannot be cultured as may occur, for example, in tissue culture or in plant or animal diseases of unknown cause, provided the probes fail to hybridize with host nucleic acids.
Titanium and Zirconium Complexes of Robust Salophan Ligands. Coordination Chemistry and Olefin Polymerization Catalysis (2008)

The synthesis of [ONNO]-type robust Salophan ligands featuring tertiary nitrogen donors is described for the first time. By varying the substitution pattern on the aromatic bridge and on the phenolate rings, four ligands possessing a broad scope of electronic and steric influence were attained. These ligands led to well-defined C2-symmetric dialkoxo complexes of titanium and zirconium. Dibenzylzirconium complexes of all the Salophan ligands yielded 1-hexene polymerization catalysts following activation with B(C6F5)3, their activity ranging from ultrahigh to low, and polymer microstructure ranging from atactic to isotactic, respectively.
Controlled cavitation–cell interaction: trans-membrane transport and viability studies (2007)

Cavitation bubble dynamics close to a rigid surface gives rise to a rapid and transient fluid flow. A single bubble is created with a laser pulse at different stand-off distances from the rigid surface, where the stand-off distance gamma is defined by gamma = h/R(max), with h being the initial distance and R(max) being the maximum bubble radius. When the surface is covered with adherent cells, molecular delivery and cell detachment after single cavitation activity are observed at different locations. We find a maximum of cell detachment at a normalized stand-off distance of gamma approximately 0.65. In contrast, the maximum of the molecular uptake is found when gamma approaches 0. The single cavitation event has only little effect on the viability of cells in the non-detached area. We find apoptosis of cells only very close to the area of detachment and, additionally, the metabolism of the non-detached cells shows no pronounced difference compared to control cells according to an MTS assay. Thus, although the cavitation event is responsible for the detachment of cells, only few of the remaining cells undergo a permanent change.
A REVIEW OF EARLY CONCEPTS OF AMYLOID IN CONTEXT WITH CONTEMPORARY CHEMICAL LITERATURE FROM 1839 TO 1859 (1966)

Early concepts of amyloid are reviewed in context with chemical literature from 1839-1859. Cellulose was first described in 1839. Treatment with sulfuric acid converted cellulose into a substance which was colored blue by iodine. This cellulose derivative was called amyloid. Virchow applied the chemical tests for starch and cellulose to human tissues. The substance in waxy degeneration reacted like immature cellulose. Virchow did not coin the term amyloid for this substance but suggested it as a compromise. Virchow restricted the term amyloid to the carbohydrate moiety and explicitly excluded the protein fraction which he had described earlier. Friedreich and Kekulé (1859) studied an evidently impure sample of amyloid and concluded that it did not contain polysaccharides. Since then the protein moiety has been studied extensively, but the carbohydrate fraction has been largely neglected. It appears possible that investigations of the carbohydrates at sites of amyloid formation would aid the understanding of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis 2 .
Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 6-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidin-2-one (1998)

6-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-2-one - asymmetric dihydroxylation - 1,4-bis(dihydroquininyl)anthraquinone - 4-methoxyphenylmethyl 5,6-dihydroxyhexanoate - 4-methoxyphenylmethyl hex-5-enoate
Rematerialization (1992)

This paper examines a problem that arises during global register allocation – rematerialization. If a value cannot be kept in a register, the allocator should recognize when it is cheaper to recompute the value (rematerialize it) than to store and reload it. Chaitin's original graph-coloring allocator handled simple instance of this problem correctly. This paper details a general solution to the problem and presents experimental evidence that shows its importance.
ChemInform Abstract: AMIDE‐ACID CHLORIDE ADDUCTS. VI. PYRIDINES AND PYRIDINIUM SALTS FROM CYANOACETAMIDES (1976)

Abstract Selbstkondensation der Cyanacetamide (I) unter dem Einfluß von POCl 3 führt zu den Pyridinen (II); im Falle von (IIe) entstehen außerdem die Pyridiniumsalze (III) (Diskussion des Reaktionsmechanismus).
Levodopa: Past, Present, and Future (2008)

Levodopa has been the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) for more than 40 years. During this time, researchers have strived to optimize levodopa formulations to minimize side effects, enhance central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability, and achieve stable therapeutic plasma levels. Current strategies include concomitant treatment with inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to prolong the peripheral levodopa half-life and increase CNS bioavailability. Levodopa combined with DDC inhibition is the current standard method of delivering levodopa for symptomatic treatment of PD. Recent research suggests that continuous dopaminergic stimulation that more closely approximates physiological stimulation may delay or prevent the development of motor fluctuations ('wearing off') and dyskinesias. Strategies currently being used to achieve more continuous dopaminergic stimulation include the combination of an oral levodopa/DDC inhibitor with a COMT inhibitor and the enteral infusion of a levodopa gel formulation. Attempts are underway to develop oral and transdermal very long-acting levodopa preparations.
Small-Diameter Silicon Nanowire Surfaces (2003)

Small-diameter (1 to 7 nanometers) silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were prepared, and their surfaces were removed of oxide and terminated with hydrogen by a hydrofluoric acid dip. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of these SiNWs, performed both in air and in ultrahigh vacuum, revealed atomically resolved images that can be interpreted as hydrogen-terminated Si (111)-(1 x 1) and Si (001)-(1 x 1) surfaces corresponding to SiH3 on Si (111) and SiH2 on Si (001), respectively. These hydrogen-terminated SiNW surfaces seem to be more oxidation-resistant than regular silicon wafer surfaces, because atomically resolved STM images of SiNWs were obtained in air after several days' exposure to the ambient environment. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements were performed on the oxide-removed SiNWs and were used to evaluate the electronic energy gaps. The energy gaps were found to increase with decreasing SiNW diameter from 1.1 electron volts for 7 nanometers to 3.5 electron volts for 1.3 nanometers, in agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
Complement resistance is a virulence factor of Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis (1995)

The purpose of this study was to investigate complement resistance in Branhamella (Moraxella) catarrhalis isolated from healthy schoolchildren or sputum-producing adult patients. Two techniques were used: a serum bactericidal assay as the gold standard and an easier ‘culture and spot’ test. Children (age 4–13; n = 303) and patients (n = 1047) showed high colonization/infection rates with B. catarrhalis (31% and 19%, respectively). Complement resistance or intermediate sensitivity occurred frequently in patient isolates (62% and 27%, respectively) and less often in children (33% and 8.5%, respectively; P ≪ 0.0001). In young children (age 4–5 years), the proportion of complement-resistant strains was around 50%. Complement resistance in B. catarrhalis is associated with illness and may hence be considered a virulence factor.
Survey of orthodontists' attitudes and experiences regarding miniscrew implants. (2010)

Orthodontic miniscrews are becoming widely used on the basis of their ability to provide skeletal anchorage and to reduce the need for patient compliance.1–7 To date, few clinical studies have assessed implant success rates, the predictability of placement techniques, or the management of risk factors for failure.8 Only two articles have reported directly on miniscrew placement patterns among private orthodontic practices in the United States.9,10

The Department of Orthodontics at the University of Washington at Seattle has established an orthodontist subnetwork within the Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry (PRECEDENT). The following article describes the results of a survey of network orthodontists’ attitudes toward miniscrew usage and their experiences with failures and related complications.
Ultrathin Strained Si-on-Insulator and SiGe-on-Insulator Created using Low Temperature Wafer Bonding and Metastable Stop Layers (2003)

A method for fabricating smooth, uniform thickness, low defect density, monocrystalline SiGe alloys and strained Si on any desired substrate was developed, allowing for the creation of SiGe-on-insulator and strained Si-on-insulator. After wafer bonding and layer transfer via either delamination by hydrogen implantation, or back side grinding and Si etching, a selective SiGe etch was used to remove excess material and expose a strained Si stop layer. Recent improvements made to the process include more robust stop layers, low temperature wafer bonding, and improved selective SiGe etching. A major improvement involves the use of metastable films that allow for thicker stop layers. Experimental data for threading and misfit dislocation density for metastable Si layers on virtual substrates is presented. Another improvement is the use of plasma activation prior to wafer bonding, allowing for strong low temperature bonding, while enabling metastable layers to retain their nonequilibrium strain state. Within the context of layer transfer followed by etching, a detailed analysis of SiGe selective etching stopping on strained Si was conducted. An etch consisting of nitric acid and dilute hydrofluoric acid was optimized to yield an acceptable selectively and etch rate, while not creating any pinholes in the exposed stop layer. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Analyses of the Recycling Receptor, FcRn, in Live Cells Reveal Novel Pathways for Lysosomal Delivery (2009)

Lysosomes play a central role in the degradation of proteins and other macromolecules. The mechanisms by which receptors are transferred to lysosomes for constitutive degradation are poorly understood. We have analyzed the processes that lead to the lysosomal delivery of the Fc receptor, FcRn. These studies provide support for a novel pathway for receptor delivery. Specifically, unlike other receptors that enter intraluminal vesicles in late endosomes, FcRn is transferred from the limiting membrane of such endosomes to lysosomes, and is rapidly internalized into the lysosomal lumen. By contrast, LAMP-1 persists on the limiting membrane. Receptor transfer is mediated by tubular extensions from late endosomes to lysosomes, or by interactions of the two participating organelles in kiss-and-linger-like processes, whereas full fusion is rarely observed. The persistence of FcRn on the late endosomal limiting membrane, together with selective transfer to lysosomes, allows this receptor to undergo recycling or degradation. Consequently, late endosomes have functional plasticity, consistent with the presence of the Rab5 GTPase in discrete domains on these compartments.
Temperature Dependence of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetic Resonance in Diamond (2010)

The temperature dependence of the magnetic-resonance spectra of nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) ensembles in the range of 280-330 K was studied. Four samples prepared under different conditions were analyzed with NV- concentrations ranging from 10 ppb to 15 ppm. For all samples, the axial zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameter D was found to vary significantly with temperature, T, as dD/dT=-74.2(7) kHz/K. The transverse ZFS parameter E was nonzero (between 4 and 11 MHz) in all samples, and exhibited a temperature dependence of dE/(EdT)=-1.4(3)x10{-4} K-1. The results might be accounted for by considering local thermal expansion. The temperature dependence of the ZFS parameters presents a significant challenge for diamond magnetometers and may ultimately limit their bandwidth and sensitivity.
Cell Microenvironment Engineering and Monitoring for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: The Recent Advances (2014)

In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the cells have a direct effect on cells' behaviour and subsequently on clinical outcomes. Physical, chemical, and biological control of cell microenvironment are of crucial importance for the ability to direct and control cell behaviour in 3-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds spatially and temporally. In this review, we will focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects and their interactions can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities. The effect of these parameters on the cellular behaviour within tissue engineering context is discussed and how these parameters are used to develop engineered tissues is elaborated. Also, recent techniques developed for the monitoring of the cell microenvironment in vitro and in vivo are reviewed, together with recent tissue engineering applications where the control of cell microenvironment has been exploited. Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring are crucial parts of tissue engineering efforts and systems which utilize different components of the cell microenvironment simultaneously can provide more functional engineered tissues in the near future.
High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities (2011)

We demonstrate a highly sensitive nanoparticle and virus detection method by using a thermal-stabilized reference interferometer in conjunction with an ultrahigh-Q microcavity. Sensitivity is sufficient to resolve shifts caused by binding of individual nanobeads in solution down to a record radius of 12.5 nm, a size approaching that of single protein molecules. A histogram of wavelength shift versus nanoparticle radius shows that particle size can be inferred from shift maxima. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio for detection of Influenza A virus is enhanced to 381 from the previously reported 31. The method does not use feedback stabilization of the probe laser. It is also observed that the conjunction of particle-induced backscatter and optical-path-induced shifts can be used to enhance detection signal-to-noise.
A 312-MHz 16-Mb random-cycle embedded DRAM macro with a power-down data retention mode for mobile applications (2005)

An embedded DRAM macro with a self-adjustable timing control (STC) scheme, a negative edge transmission scheme (NET), and a power-down data retention (PDDR) mode is developed. A 13.98-mm/sup 2/ 16-Mb embedded DRAM macro is fabricated in 0.13 /spl mu/m logic-based embedded DRAM process. Co-salicide word lines and MIM capacitors are used for high-speed array operation. The delay timing variation of 36 % for an RC delay can be reduced to 3.8% by using the STC scheme. The NET scheme transfers array control signals to local array blocks with high accuracy. Thereby, the test chip achieves 1.2-V 312-MHz random cycle operation even in the low-power process. 73-/spl mu/W data retention power is realized by using the PDDR mode, which is 5% of conventional schemes.
Si/SiGe n-MODFETs on thin SiGe virtual substrates prepared by means of He implantation (2002)

Si/SiGe n-type modulation-doped field-effect transistors grown on a very thin strain-relieved Si/sub 0.69/Ge/sub 0.31/ buffer on top of a Si(100) substrate were fabricated and characterized. This novel type of virtual substrate has been created by means of a high dose He ion implantation localized beneath a 95-nm-thick pseudomorphic SiGe layer on Si followed by a strain relaxing annealing step at 850/spl deg/C. The layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Electron mobilities of 1415 cm/sup 2//Vs and 5270 cm/sup 2//Vs were measured at room temperature and 77 K, respectively, at a sheet carrier density of about 3/spl times/10/sup 12//cm/sup 2/. The fabricated transistors with Pt-Schottky gates showed good dc characteristics with a drain current of 330 mA/mm and a transconductance of 200 mS/mm. Cutoff frequencies of f/sub t/=49 GHz and f/sub max/=95 GHz at 100 nm gate length were obtained which are quite close to the figures of merit of a control sample grown on a conventional, thick Si/sub 0.7/Ge/sub 0.3/ buffer.
Co/Au multisegmented nanowires: a 3D array of magnetostatically coupled nanopillars (2017)

Arrays of multisegmented Co/Au nanowires with designed segment lengths and diameters have been prepared by electrodeposition into aluminum oxide templates. The high quality of the Co/Au interface and the crystallographic structure of Co segments have determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements show larger coercivity and squareness of multisegmented nanowires as compared to single segment Co nanowires. The complementary micromagnetic simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results, confirming that the magnetic behavior is defined mainly by magnetostatic coupling between different segments. The proposed structure constitutes an innovative route towards a 3D array of synchronized magnetic nano-oscillators with large potential in nanoelectronics.
Modelagem gravimétrica da Bacia de Taubaté: vale do rio Paraíba do Sul, leste do Estado de São Paulo (2001)

Este trabalho apresenta o refinamento da malha gravimétrica da região do Vale do Paraíba do Sul, leste do estado de São Paulo, através da implantação de 646 novas estações. Além das tradicionais correções Free-Air e Bouguer, foi necessário utilizar a Correção de Terreno devido à proximidade das serras da Mantiqueira e do Mar. Foi gerado, além do Mapa Bouguer para a região leste do estado, um Mapa Bouguer de Anomalia Residual, aplicando-se os filtros Continuação para Cima e Passa-Alta. Modelagens gravimétricas 2D foram realizadas em 4 perfís, utilizando modelos bi-dimensionais para os corpos causadores das anomalias, objetivando o melhor entendimento do arcabouço tectônico da Bacia de Taubaté. A partir da integração com dados de sísmica de reflexão, foi interpretada uma espessura sedimentar máxima de 800 metros. Também foi interpretado um corpo alcalino ultramáfico, situado em sub-superfície na região da cidade de Caçapava.
Cell surface modulation of CD26 by anti-1F7 monoclonal antibody. Analysis of surface expression and human T cell activation. (1990)

In this paper, we examined in detail the ability of anti-1F7 to modulate 1F7 (CD26) surface expression as well as analyzed the functional relationship between the surface expression of CD3, CD2, and CD26 and human T cell activation. We showed that anti-1F7-induced modulation is an energy-dependent process that occurs via capping and internalization of the Ag-antibody complex. Although the recovery rate for Ag reexpression of 1F7 following optimal modulation is relatively delayed, reexpression of 1F7 is greatly accelerated following phorbol ester treatment. Most importantly, we demonstrated that modulation of the CD26 Ag leads to an enhancement in the proliferative activity of modulated human T cells treated with anti-CD3 or anti-CD2, which is preceded by an enhancement in Ca2+ mobilization. CD26 modulation also led to an increase in anti-CD3- or anti-CD2-mediated T cell clone proliferation. Finally, whereas modulation of the CD26 Ag has an effect on CD3- or CD2-induced T cell activation, modulation of the CD3/TCR complex inhibits the proliferative response of T cells incubated with anti-CD3 plus anti-1F7 or anti-CD2 plus anti-1F7. However, modulation of the CD2 structure does not affect anti-CD3- plus anti-1F7-induced human T cell activation. The above results thus provide additional evidence that the CD26 Ag plays an integral role in the regulation of human T cell activation.
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Assessment of Hydroquinone Ointment Prepared by Extemporaneous Nonsterile Compounding. (2002)

Ointments of the skin depigmentation agent hydroquinone (HQ) have been prepared by extemporaneous nonsterile compounding in Japan by imitating skin lightening creams commercially available in the U.S.A. and European Union. In our hospital, HQ ointments consisting of 5 or 10% HQ, 1.6% L(+)-ascorbic acid (AsA), 0.5% (w/w) Na2SO3, 10% (v/w) glycerin and hydrophilic ointment have been prepared. However, various problems have been observed including chromatic aberration of HQ ointments, relatively large variability of efficacy, and undesirable side effects although they were mild. Herein, the pharmaceutical and clinical properties of the HQ ointments were evaluated. HQ ointments were highly effective for treatment of various types of skin pigmentation. Chromatic aberration occurred during 3 months of storage, but this could be suppressed by storage at 4 degrees C. Chromatic aberration was independent of prescribed HQ content, and was not explained by alterations of HQ or p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) contents. Unexpectedly, removal of both antioxidants resulted in suppression of chromatic aberration, but an increase in p-BQ content. Acidification by removal of Na2SO3 only was further effective for the suppression of chromatic aberration, but with a decrease of p-BQ content except in the initial period. Chromatic aberration was due to water soluble material and insoluble material both formed by co-existence of HQ and p-BQ at a molecular ratio of 5:3 to 1:1. 1H-NMR analysis elucidated that the water soluble material was not HQ or p-BQ, and the insoluble material was a complex of HQ and p-BQ with non-covalent binding.
A Compact 5GHz Standing-Wave Resonator-based VCO in 0.13μm CMOS (2007)

A novel on-chip capacitively-loaded, transmission-line-standing-wave resonator is employed in a low phase noise VCO, to achieve a measured phase noise of-117dBc/Hz at a 1MHz offset. The prototype 5GHz VCO, implemented in 0.13μm CMOS, dissipates 3mW from a 1.2V supply, and occupies a compact die area of 0.11mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .