gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in NF-kappaB signaling transduction and transcription. (2004)

The molecular mechanisms for NF-kappaB signaling transduction and transcription have been the most attractive subjects for both basic research and pharmaceutical industries due to its important roles in both physiological and pathogenesis, particularly the close association of dysregulated NF-kappaB with tumorgenesis and inflammation. Several novel intracellular molecular events that regulate NF-kappaB activity have been described recently, including the discovery of an alternative signaling pathway that appears inducing a specific subset genes involved in adoptive immune response. Multi-level and multi-dimensional regulation of NF-kappaB activity by phosphorylation and acetylation modifications have unveiled and became the hottest targets for potentially tissue specific molecular interventions. Another emerging mechanism for NF-kappaB-responsive gene's regulation where NF-kappaB participates the transcriptional regulation independent of its cognate regulatory binding site within the target gene's promoter but facilitating the transaction activity of other involved transcription factors, that implicated an novel transcriptional activities for NF-kappaB. Thus, the current review will focus on these recent progresses that have been made on NF-kappaB signaling transduction and transcription.
Formation Evaluation With Logs In The Deep Anadarko Basin (1972)

This paper was prepared for the Deep Drilling and Production Symposium of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Amarillo, Tex., Sept. 11–12, 1972. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon requested to the Editor of the appropriate journal, provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers Office. Such discussions may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract The complex lithology and the nature of the "measurement environment" make the "Deep -Anadarko Basin" one of the more difficult log evaluation problems facing the industry anywhere today. The paper describes methods for solving this problem. The measurement environment is discussed in terms of perturbing effects on log readings. This includes a statement of what measurements are possible under various conditions of hole size, temperature, pressure, salinity, and gasified mud. The particular case of salt saturated drilling fluid, high temperatures and deep invasion is given special attention. Application of the evaluation systems in use today to the Deep Anadarko Basin is discussed. This includes Quick-Look interpretation techniques employing the Dual Laterolog and/or the Compensated Neutron/Formation Density (Compensated) as well as the Advanced Computation System - CORIBAND. The paper concludes that the evaluation systems available are capable of a highly consistent and reliable evaluation of this complex reservoir. However, as pointed out, cases exist where the measurements required for the evaluation system are sometimes deficient due to the harshness of the "measurement environment." Introduction Evaluation of the deep Anadarko Basin offers a difficult challenge: The Basin includes complex lithologies, high resistivities, variable shaliness, and both primary and secondary porosity. To find true porosity and determine lithology, both the porosity and determine lithology, both the Compensated Neutron and Formation Density logs are needed. If secondary porosity is to be identified, a Sonic log is also required. The use of these logs also offers avenues to gas identification, estimation of shaliness and advanced computer processing. A variety of drilling fluids are in use, including fresh mud, salt muds, salt brines, and inverted emulsion muds.
LeRec: A NN/HMM Hybrid for On-Line Handwriting Recognition (1995)

We introduce a new approach for on-line recognition of handwritten words written in unconstrained mixed style. The preprocessor performs a word-level normalization by fitting a model of the word structure using the EM algorithm. Words are then coded into low resolution "annotated images" where each pixel contains information about trajectory direction and curvature. The recognizer is a convolution network that can be spatially replicated. From the network output, a hidden Markov model produces word scores. The entire system is globally trained to minimize word-level errors.
The retinoblastoma gene is frequently altered leading to loss of expression in primary breast tumours. (1989)

We have analysed the organisation of the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene in 77 primary breast carcinomas, in metastatic tissue derived from 16 of those primary tumours, and in a variety of benign breast lesions. Expression of RB1 was also assessed in most samples by immunohistochemical detection of the RB1 protein in tissue sections. Structural abnormalities to RB1 were detected in DNA from 15/77 (19%) of primary breast carcinomas examined. Where DNA was available from metastatic tissue derived from such primary tumours, the same aberration could be detected. No alterations were seen in benign breast lesions. 16/56 (29%) of tumours examined for expression by immunohistochemical methods showed a proportion of tumour cells to be completely negative for the RB1 protein. All tumours in which a structural alteration to RB1 was detected had a proportion of negative cells, except for one case where all cells were positive. Several primary tumour samples were identified where there was no detectable structural change to the gene, but there was loss of expression in some tumour cells. The data presented here demonstrate that changes to the RB1 gene leading to loss of expression of both alleles are frequent in primary human breast tumours.
IR‐Spektren von Amiden und Imiden zwei‐ und dreiwertiger Metalle (1974)

Abstract 1. Die IR‐Spektren folgender Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt: M(NH 2 ) 2 mit M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Yb; M(NH) mit M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; M(NH 2 ) 3 mit M = La. Y, Yb; Na[N(NH 2 ) 4 )] mit M = Gd, Y, Yb; Na 3 [M(NH 2 ) 6 ] mit M = La, Gd, Y Yb. 2. Durch thermischen Abbau von Amiden erhaltene Mischkristalle werden unter‐sucht. 3. Die Valenzkraftkonstante der NH‐Bindung steigt mit abnehmendem Radius und zunehmender Ladung des Kations, bedingt durch die zunehmende polarisierende Wirkung des Kations. In den Amidometallaten erniedrigen die Na + ‐Ionen die Kraftkonstante und die polarisierende Wirkung des zentralen Kations.
Gene and cell‐mediated therapies for muscular dystrophy (2012)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder that affects 1 in 3,500 boys. Despite years of research and considerable progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of the disease and advancement of therapeutic approaches, there is no cure for DMD. The current treatment options are limited to physiotherapy and corticosteroids, and although they provide a substantial improvement in affected children, they only slow the course of the disorder. On a more optimistic note, more recent approaches either significantly alleviate or eliminate muscular dystrophy in murine and canine models of DMD and importantly, many of them are being tested in early phase human clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements that have been made in viral and nonviral gene therapy as well as stem cell therapy for DMD with a focus on the replacement and repair of the affected dystrophin gene.
The influence of full-thickness supraspinatus tears on abduction moments: the importance of the central tendon (2017)

The central tendon is vital in the role of functional arm abduction through force transmission through the intact rotator cuff. Reinsertion of the central tendon in the correct anatomical location is desirable to optimize functional outcome of surgery.
Softening Shape Memory Polymer Substrates for Bioelectronic Devices With Improved Hydrolytic Stability (2018)

Candidate materials for next generation neural recording electrodes include shape memory polymers (SMPs). These materials have the capability to undergo softening after insertion in the body, and therefore reduce the mismatch in modulus that usually exists between the device and the tissue. Current SMP formulations, which have shown promise for neural implants, contain ester groups within the main chain of the polymer and are therefore prone to hydrolytic decomposition under physiological conditions over periods of 11-13 months in vivo, thus limiting the utility for chronic applications. Ester free polymers are stable in harsh condition (PBS at 75 °C or NaOH at 37 °C) and accelerated aging results suggest that ester free SMPs are projected to be stable under physiological condition for at least seven years. In addition, the ester free SMP is compatible with microfabrication processes needed for device fabrication. Furthermore, they demonstrate in vitro biocompatible as demonstrated by high levels of cell viability from ISO 10995 testing.
Comparison of slide agglutination test and direct immunofluorescence assay for identification of Legionella isolates (1983)

It is technically impractical for many clinical laboratories to use the direct immunofluorescence assay for identifying and serogrouping clinical isolates of Legionella. We compared the results obtained with the direct immunofluorescence assay with the results of a simple and less-demanding slide agglutination test for identifying 15 serogroups representing seven Legionella species. The slide agglutination test was in complete agreement with the direct immunofluorescence assay, and the serogroup to which 64 clinical isolates of Legionella belonged was correctly identified. With polyvalent, pooled antisera and absorbed, serogroup-specific antisera, the slide agglutination test is a useful alternative to the direct immunofluorescence assay in the diagnosis of Legionella infections and for studying the serological relationships of Legionella-like organisms.
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of histidase and regulatory genes in the Bacillus subtilis hut operon and positive regulation of the operon (1988)

An 8-kilobase HindIII fragment carrying the histidase gene (hutH) and its regulatory region (hutP), from the Bacillus subtilis histidine utilization (hut) operon, was cloned in the temperate bacteriophage phi 105. Histidine utilization was restored in a hutH1 mutant by the specialized transducing phage (phi 105hutH11). The histidase gene in phi 105hutH11 was inducible and was shown to be under catabolite repression. The nucleotide sequence of 3,932 base pairs including the hutH and hutP loci revealed three open reading frames (ORFs). The molecular weights of ORF1 and ORF2 proteins were calculated to be 16,576 (151 amino acid residues) and 55,675 (508 amino acid residues), respectively. Reverse transcriptase mapping experiments showed that the putative promoter for the hut operon could be recognized by RNA polymerase sigma 43. The transcript starts at an adenosine residue 32 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon of ORF1. hutH+-transforming activity was found in ORF2, indicating that ORF2 encoded the histidase. A hutP1 mutation was determined as a substitution of an amino acid in ORF1. By using a specialized transducing phage containing the wild-type ORF1 gene, it was demonstrated that the presence of ORF1 protein in trans was absolutely required for the induction of the hut operon in a hutP1 mutant. These data strongly suggested that ORF1 encodes a positive regulator of the hut operon.
RECRUIT-TandAbs ® : Harnessing the Immune System to Kill Cancer Cells (2012)

Tandem diabodies (TandAbs) are tetravalent bispecific molecules comprised of antibody variable domains with two binding sites for each antigen. RECRUIT-TandAbs can simultaneously engage an immune system effector cell, such as a natural killer cell or a cytotoxic T cell, and an antigen expressed specifically on a cancer cell, thus leading to killing of the cancer cell. Recruitment of immune effector cells is highly specific and mediated via binding of the TandAb to molecules expressed on the surface of these cells. Furthermore, the absence of an Fc domain allows TandAbs to avoid certain IgG-mediated side effects. With a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa, TandAbs are far above the first-pass renal clearance limit, offering a pharmacokinetic advantage compared with smaller bispecific antibody formats. This article reviews the RECRUIT-TandAb technology and the therapeutic potential of these molecules.
Expression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase mRNA in Striatum and Pallidum in an Animal Model of Tardive Dyskinesia (1995)

Long-term administration of neuroleptics can induce tardive dyskinesia in humans. Oral movements with the same distinctive form observed in humans with tardive dyskinesia are observed in rats treated with haloperidol for 8 and 12 months but not 28 days. We have examined the effects of these long-term haloperidol treatments on the levels of mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, M(r) 67,000), the rate-limiting enzyme of GABA synthesis, in the striatum and pallidum of adult rats. Despite the differences in behavior, GAD67 mRNA was increased in the striatum and entopeduncular nucleus (internal pallidum) after both 28 days and 8 months of haloperidol administration. In contrast, only long-term haloperidol treatments (8 and 12 months) decreased GAD67 mRNA in globus pallidus (external pallidum). This effect contrasted with the increased level of GAD67 mRNA we have previously observed in the globus pallidus after short-term haloperidol treatment (3-14 days), a regimen that induces catalepsy. Together with data indicating a loss of GAD activity in target areas of the globus pallidus in humans with tardive dyskinesia, the results suggest that decreased GABAergic transmission in the projection neurons of the external pallidum may play a critical role in the motor side effects associated with long-term neuroleptic therapy.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL EXOMETHYLENE CYCLOPROPYL NUCLEOSIDES (2001)

Novel cyclopropyl nucleosides were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. The key intermediate 5, prepared from Feist's acid 1 was condensed with purine derivatives by the SN2 type reaction. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiviral activity.
Static and dynamic properties of two-dimensional polymer melts (1990)

We present a detailed analysis of the properties of dense linear two-dimensional polymer chains. The systems are simulated by the recently developed bond fluctuation method. We investigate systems of up to 80 % density. The chain length and densities considered cover the crossover from the expanded single chain limit to a dense polymer melt. The chains completely segregate and follow a power law of the chain extension < R2 >∼ N 2ν, N being the number of bonds of the chains and ν = 1/2. While for single two dimensional chains the Rouse modes are not eigenmodes they are eignemodes for the chains in a 2-d melt. Relaxation functions and mean square displacements display typical Rouse-like behavior, with the distinction, that the prefactors for the various relaxation processes differ.
Highly Efficient Phosphodiester Hydrolysis Promoted by a Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex (2001)

The interaction of Cu(II) with the ligand tdci (1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(dimethylamino)-cis-inositol) was studied both in the solid state and in solution. The complexes that were formed were also tested for phosphoesterase activity. The pentanuclear complex [Cu(5)(tdciH(-2))(tdci)(2)(OH)(2)(NO(3))(2)](NO(3))(4).6H(2)O consists of two dinuclear units and one trinuclear unit, having two shared copper(II) ions. The metal centers within the pentanuclear structure have three distinct coordination environments. All five copper(II) ions are linked by hydroxo/alkoxo bridges forming a Cu(5)O(6) cage. The Cu-Cu separations of the bridged centers are between 2.916 and 3.782 A, while those of the nonbridged metal ions are 5.455-5.712 A. The solution equilibria in the Cu(II)-tdci system proved to be extremely complicated. Depending on the pH and metal-to-ligand ratio, several differently deprotonated mono-, di-, and trinuclear complexes are formed. Their presence in solution was supported by mass, CW, and pulse EPR spectroscopic study, too. In these complexes, the metal ions are presumed to occupy tridentate [O(ax),N(eq),O(ax)] coordination sites and the O-donors of tdci may serve as bridging units between two metal ions. Additionally, deprotonation of the metal-bound water molecules may occur. The dinuclear Cu(2)LH(-3) species, formed around pH 8.5, provides outstanding rate acceleration for the hydrolysis of the activated phosphodiester bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP). The second-order rate constant of BNPP hydrolysis promoted by the dinuclear complex (T = 298 K) is 0.95 M(-1) s(-1), which is ca. 47600-fold higher than that of the hydroxide ion catalyzed hydrolysis (k(OH)). Its activity is selective for the phosphodiester, and the hydrolysis was proved to be catalytic. The proposed bifunctional mechanism of the hydrolysis includes double Lewis acid activation and intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis.
The functional and physical form of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase determined by gel filtration, radiation inactivation, and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. (1984)

When solubilized in laurylmaltoside, cytochrome oxidases from beef heart and rat liver mitochondria exist as monodisperse populations that are stable, highly active, and have apparent molecular weights of 300,000 to 350,000, as measured by gel filtration. To determine whether these are monomeric (2 heme A, 2 Cu) or dimeric forms of the enzyme, we performed radiation inactivation and sedimentation equilibrium analyses. From radiation inactivation experiments under two different sets of conditions, we obtained estimates for the functional molecular weight of beef heart cytochrome oxidase of 114,000 and 99,000, much less than a dimer and significantly smaller than a 200,000 molecular weight monomer containing one copy of each of the 12 subunits normally present in the complex. The same functional size is obtained for a rat liver oxidase preparation depleted of subunit III. The physical molecular weight of cytochrome oxidase was determined by sedimentation equilibrium measurements in solvents of different densities using mixtures of H2O and D218O. Estimates of Mr = 194,000 +/- 9,000 for the beef heart oxidase and Mr = 152,000 +/- 6,000 for the rat liver enzyme were obtained, consistent with the size predicted for monomers of their subunit composition. From these results we conclude that mammalian cytochrome oxidases from beef heart and rat liver exist in laurylmaltoside as monomers capable of high rates of electron transfer and normal substrate binding. Further, these functions appear to be associated with a subset of the peptides present in the monomer, mainly composed of subunits I and II.
Indexação salarial, rotatividade e variações de salário nominal nas indústrias têxtil e de borracha no estado de São Paulo: 1966/1976 (1986)

Este trabalho estima o impacto de curto prazo da indexação salarial sobre variações mensais no salário nominal em dois setores da indústria de transformação brasileira entre 1966 e 1976. É estimado um modelo de determinação salarial a partir de variáveis representando a política salarial e as forças de mercado. O modelo inclui variáveis que captam os efeitos do reajuste anual coletivo de salário, do salário mínimo regional, da demanda e da inflação. Dados mensais permitem a identificação do mês de impacto dos coeficientes de indexação. Os resultados sugerem que a indexação não determina completamente os salários, e sustentam a hipótese de que os salários aumentam nos períodos entre os reajustes formais, em resposta a forças econômicas. 0 desvio salarial interperíodos e possível em virtude de rotatividade e recontratação no mercado de trabalho.
Use of Structure−Activity Data To Compare Structure-Based Clustering Methods and Descriptors for Use in Compound Selection (1996)

An evaluation of a variety of structure-based clustering methods for use in compound selection is presented. The use of MACCS, Unity and Daylight 2D descriptors; Unity 3D rigid and flexible descriptors and two in-house 3D descriptors based on potential pharmacophore points, are considered. The use of Ward's and group-average hierarchical agglomerative, Guénoche hierarchical divisive, and Jarvis−Patrick nonhierarchical clustering methods are compared. The results suggest that 2D descriptors and hierarchical clustering methods are best at separating biologically active molecules from inactives, a prerequisite for a good compound selection method. In particular, the combination of MACCS descriptors and Ward's clustering was optimal.
Coding facial expressions with Gabor wavelets (2002)

A method for extracting information about facial expressions from images is presented. Facial expression images are coded using a multi-orientation multi-resolution set of Gabor filters which are topographically ordered and aligned approximately with the face. The similarity space derived from this representation is compared with one derived from semantic ratings of the images by human observers. The results show that it is possible to construct a facial expression classifier with Gabor coding of the facial images as the input stage. The Gabor representation shows a significant degree of psychological plausibility, a design feature which may be important for human-computer interfaces.
Changing how people view changes on the web (2009)

The Web is a dynamic information environment. Web content changes regularly and people revisit Web pages frequently. But the tools used to access the Web, including browsers and search engines, do little to explicitly support these dynamics. In this paper we present DiffIE, a browser plug-in that makes content change explicit in a simple and lightweight manner. DiffIE caches the pages a person visits and highlights how those pages have changed when the person returns to them. We describe how we built a stable, reliable, and usable system, including how we created compact, privacy-preserving page representations to support fast difference detection. Via a longitudinal user study, we explore how DiffIE changed the way people dealt with changing content. We find that much of its benefit came not from exposing expected change, but rather from drawing attention to unexpected change and helping people build a richer understanding of the Web content they frequent.