gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly diastereoselective Michael addition of lithiated camphor imines of glycine esters to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters. Synthesis of optically pure 5-oxo-2,4-pyrrolidinedicarboxylates of unnatural stereochemistry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly diastereoselective Michael addition of lithiated camphor imines of glycine esters to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters. Synthesis of optically pure 5-oxo-2,4-pyrrolidinedicarboxylates of unnatural stereochemistryShuji Kanemasa, Akira Tatsukawa, and Eiji WadaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2875–2883Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the Cellulase Complex ofPenicillium echinulatum (2004)

New cellulases from a strain of Penicillium echinulatum were characterized for their filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity. Both activities showed maximum values between pH 4 and 5. With citrate buffer, activities were slightly higher than in acetate buffer of the same pH. Thermal stability of both activities was good up to 55°C. Filter paper activity was significantly reduced at higher temperatures.
Gait analysis detects early changes in transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice (2005)

The effective treatment or cure of motoneuron disease will require understanding the disease processes that precede irreversible cell loss. To study these early stages, and to evaluate potential treatments in relevant animal models, requires a sensitive functional assay. To this end, we sought to determine whether the gait pattern of SOD1 transgenic mice changed prior to overt symptoms. Using a simplified video-based approach we compared the treadmill gait of C57BL/6J and B6.SOD1 transgenic mice at 8 and 10 weeks of age. B6.SOD1 mice had significantly longer stride and stance times than controls by 8 weeks. Consistent with disease progression, hindpaw measures of B6.SOD1 mice showed larger changes than front paws. Differences between control and B6.SOD1 mice increased at 10 weeks, but only because repeat testing caused habituation in control mice to a greater extent than in B6.SOD1 mice. Together the results demonstrate that simplified gait analysis is sensitive to early processes of motor system disease in mice.
Potentiometric pH sensor with anthraquinonesulfonate adsorbed on glassy carbon electrodes (1996)

Abstract Electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrodes adsorbed with anthraquinonesulfonate species showed potentiometric responses toward pH changes for pH range between 1 and 11, with a near Nernstian slope of about 56.4 mV/pH and a lifetime of more than one month. The effects of electrode pretreatment and preparation conditions, as well as the effects of interfering ions on the electrode response were studied.
SnO2 Nanoribbons as NO2 Sensors:  Insights from First Principles Calculations (2003)

SnO2 nanoribbons with exposed (1 0 1̄) and (0 1 0) surfaces have recently been demonstrated to be highly effective NO2 sensors even at room temperature. The sensing mechanism is examined here through first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that the most stable adsorbed species involve an unexpected NO3 group doubly bonded to Sn centers. Significant electron transfer to the adatoms explains an orders-of-magnitude drop in electrical conductance. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates predominantly NO3 species on the surface, and computed binding energies are consistent with adsorbate stability up to 700 K. Nanoribbon responses to O2 and CO sensing are also investigated.
Efficacy of a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PRN‐473) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus (2020)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy may have beneficial effects in some cases of cPF.
Proglumide, A Gastrin Receptor Antagonist, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer and Enhances Survival in Mice (1985)

Some tumors are responsive to hormone manipulation. Some gastric and colonic adenocarcinomas from both humans and animals have specific gastrin receptors. A transplantable mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line (MC-26) contains gastrin receptors; growth of MC-26 colon cancer in vivo is stimulated by pentagastrin (PG). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a gastrin-receptor antagonist, proglumide (PGL), would inhibit growth of MC-26 colon cancer and prolong survival in tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneous tumors were induced by injecting single-cell suspensions of MC-26 cells into 50 mice divided into 10/group. In Experiment 1, all mice received 1 X 10(5) tumor cells and treatment groups were divided as follows: Group A received intraperitoneal (IP) saline (0.2 ml tid beginning on day 1); B, IP, PGL (250 mg/kg tid) from day of tumor cell inoculation; and C, IP PGL (250 mg/kg tid) from day 7 after tumor implantation. In Experiment 2, mice were inoculated with half the number of tumor cells. Group I mice received saline and Group II received PGL in the same manner starting on day 1. Tumors were measured and all mice were sacrificed on day 23. In Experiment 1, mean tumor area in Group B (PGL-treated) was significantly smaller than Group A on days 11, 14, 17, and 21. Tumors of Group C were significantly smaller than controls on day 21. Survival of PGL-treated mice was significantly prolonged. In Experiment 2, mean tumor area, mean tumor weight, and tumor DNA and RNA content were significantly less in the PGL-treated group than control. It was concluded that growth of a gastrin-responsive colon cancer was inhibited and host survival was enhanced by treatment with a gastrin-receptor antagonist. Hormone manipulation may be a useful treatment for gastrointestinal cancers.
Biologically active ether lipids (1990)

Biotransformation of rac-1(3)-O-hexadecylglycerol by photomixotrophic rape (Brassica napus) cells in suspension culture leads to 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines and small proportions of other ether lipids, e.g. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines. Reaction of the hexadecylacyl-glycerophosphocholines with ethanolamine in the presence of phospholipase D from Streptomyces chromofuscus yields additional hexadecylacylglycerophosphoethanolamines. Partial hydrolysis of the combined hexadecylacylglycerophosphoethanolamines followed by reacylation of the resulting lyso compound with palmitic anhydride gives 1-O-hexadecyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-palmitoyl) ethanolamine, a nontoxic ether glycerophospholipid with antitumor activity. The corresponding 1-O-tetradecyl,1-O-octadecyl, and 1-O-[(Z)-9'-octadecnyl] derivatives are prepared similarly.
Range of Messenger Action of Calcium Ion and Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate (1992)

The range of messenger action of a point source of Ca2+ or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was determined from measurements of their diffusion coefficients in a cytosolic extract from Xenopus laevis oocytes. The diffusion coefficient (D) of [3H]IP3 injected into an extract was 283 microns 2/s. D for Ca2+ increased from 13 to 65 microns 2/s when the free calcium concentration was raised from about 90 nM to 1 microM. The slow diffusion of Ca2+ in the physiologic concentration range results from its binding to slowly mobile or immobile buffers. The calculated effective ranges of free Ca2+ before it is buffered, buffered Ca2+, and IP3 determined from their diffusion coefficients and lifetimes were 0.1 micron, 5 microns, and 24 microns, respectively. Thus, for a transient point source of messenger in cells smaller than 20 microns, IP3 is a global messenger, whereas Ca2+ acts in restricted domains.
Induction of hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T and B cell responses by dendritic cells expressing a modified antigen targeting receptor (2005)

DC vaccine has a strong antigenicity in humoral and cellular immunities, which can be promoted by transduced pcDNA3HCV C-Fc expressing HCV C or Fc. Thus, pcDNA3HCV C-Fc-transduced DCs may be a promising candidate for a CTL-based vaccine against HCV.
Modulators for optical communications (1970)

This paper reviews the field of high-speed small-aperture modulators for applications in optical communications, with emphasis on electrooptic modulation. The capabilities and limitations of electrooptic modulators are discussed based on a review of the physical origin of the electrooptic effect. Thermal and photoconduction phenomena, which may severely limit the operation of practical devices, are emphasized. The modulation power and bandwidth limitations using various schemes of electrooptic interaction are derived and compared. It is shown that lumped modulators are capable of efficient modulation for bandwidths up to about 1 GHz for visible wavelengths and are also attractive for their simplicity. For broader bandwidth capability the traveling wave or zigzag types of interaction become more efficient but with added complexity. Finally, acoustooptic and magnatooptic modulators are briefly discussed and compared with electrooptic modulators.
Charcoal haemoperfusion in drug intoxication. (1993)

Charcoal haemoperfusion will remove many toxins, and appears to be an attractively simple technique for doctors experienced in haemofiltration. The pharmacokinetics of most compounds and the overriding importance of supportive care do, however, relegate the technique to one of minor importance.
Real Time Analysis of Brain Tissue by Direct Combination of Ultrasonic Surgical Aspiration and Sonic Spray Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Direct combination of cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) and sonic spray ionization mass spectrometry is presented. A commercially available ultrasonic surgical device was coupled to a Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization (V-EASI) source by directly introducing liquified tissue debris into the Venturi air jet pump. The Venturi air jet pump was found to efficiently nebulize the suspended tissue material for gas phase ion production. The ionization mechanism involving solely pneumatic spraying was associated with that of sonic spray ionization. Positive and negative ionization spectra were obtained from brain and liver samples reflecting the primary application areas of the surgical device. Mass spectra were found to feature predominantly complex lipid-type constituents of tissues in both ion polarity modes. Multiply charged peptide anions were also detected. The influence of instrumental settings was characterized in detail. Venturi pump geometry and flow parameters were found to be critically important in ionization efficiency. Standard solutions of phospholipids and peptides were analyzed in order to test the dynamic range, sensitivity, and suppression effects. The spectra of the intact tissue specimens were found to be highly specific to the histological tissue type. The principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based data analysis method was developed for real-time tissue identification in a surgical environment. The method has been successfully tested on post-mortem and ex vivo human samples including astrocytomas, meningeomas, metastatic brain tumors, and healthy brain tissue.
Automated fluorescent sequencing of lambda DNA (1990)

Journal Article Automated fluorescent sequencing of lambda DNA Get access H. Voss, H. Voss European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Zimmermann, J. Zimmermann European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Schwager, C. Schwager European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Erfle, H. Erfle European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Stegemann, J. Stegemann European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Stucky, K. Stucky European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Ansorge W. Ansorge * European Molecular Biology LaboratoryPostfach 102209, 6900 Heidelberg, FRG *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 17, 11 September 1990, Page 5314, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.17.5314 Published: 11 September 1990 Article history Received: 24 July 1990 Published: 11 September 1990
Ligation-independent cloning of PCR products (LIC-PCR) (1990)

A new procedure has been developed for the efficient cloning of complex PCR mixtures, resulting in libraries exclusively consisting of recombinant clones. Recombinants are generated between PCR products and a PCR-amplified plasmid vector. The procedure does not require the use of restriction enzymes, T4 DNA ligase or alkaline phosphatase. The 5'-ends of the primers used to generate the cloneable PCR fragments contain an additional 12 nucleotide (nt) sequence lacking dCMP. As a result, the amplification products include 12-nt sequences lacking dGMP at their 3'-ends. The 3'-terminal sequence can be removed by the action of the (3'----5') exonuclease activity of T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of dGTP, leading to fragments with 5'-extending single-stranded (ss) tails of a defined sequence and length. Similarly, the entire plasmid vector is amplified with primers homologous to sequences in the multiple cloning site. The vector oligos have additional 12-nt tails complementary to the tails used for fragment amplification, permitting the creation of ss-ends with T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of dCTP. Circularization can occur between vector molecules and PCR fragments as mediated by the 12-nt cohesive ends, but not in mixtures lacking insert fragments. The resulting circular recombinant molecules do not require in vitro ligation for efficient bacterial transformation. We have applied the procedure for the cloning of inter-ALU fragments from hybrid cell-lines and human cosmid clones.
Production of Bispecific Antibodies (1995)

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) contain two different binding specificities within a single molecule and can specifically bind two different molecules together. BsAbs can be produced by chemically cross-linking purified antibodies or Fab fragments with reducible disulfide bonds or nonreducible thioether bonds, both of which are described in this unit. Protocols are also presented for producing BsAbs by fusing two antibody-producing hybridomas that can be selected for based on drug resistance, or by double labeling with fluorochromes and FACS. Support protocols describe screening and purification of bsAbs.
Functional Domains and Upstream Activation Properties of Cloned Human TATA Binding Protein (1990)

The TATA binding protein, TFIID, plays a central role in the initiation of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis. Here, we present a human cDNA clone for this factor. Comparison of its predicted protein sequence with those from Drosophila and yeast reveals a highly conserved carboxyl-terminal 180 amino acids. By contrast, the amino-terminal region of TFIID has diverged in both sequence and length. A striking feature of the human protein is a stretch of 38 glutamine residues in the NH2-terminal region. Expression of human TFIID in both Escherichia coli and HeLa cells produces a protein that binds specifically to a TATA box and promotes basal transcription; the conserved COOH-terminal portion of the protein is sufficient for both of these activities. Recombinant TFIID forms a stable complex on a TATA box either alone or in combination with either of the general transcription factors, TFIIA or TFIIB. Full-length recombinant TFIID is able to support Sp1 activated transcription in a TFIID-depleted nuclear extract, while a deletion of the NH2-terminal half of the protein is not. These results indicate the importance of the NH2-terminal region for upstream activation functions and suggest that additional factors (co-activators) are required for mediating interactions with specific regulators.
Uptake of indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody ZME-018 as a function of tumor size in a patient with melanoma. (1988)

The accumulation of an Indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb), ZME-018, in melanoma tumors in a patient was determined by sequential, quantitative gamma camera imaging. The amount and concentration of In-111 in each tumor changed in a characteristic pattern with time, reaching a peak at day 3 followed by a steady clearance. The concentration of In-111 in the tumor and the ratios of tumor to whole-body or blood decreased as the size of the tumor increased. These results were interpreted to indicate that the fraction of active, perfused tumor decreased as the melanoma lesions increased in size. The maximum number of MoAb molecules bound per melanoma cell was calculated to be abut 35,000. The implications of these observations for radioimmunoimaging and therapy are significant.
Efficient Visible Photoluminescence from Porous Silicon (1991)

It is shown that UV-excited porous Si (PS) exhibits an efficient visible photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. The PS layers were formed by anodization of p-type and n-type single-crystal Si wafers in aqueous HF solutions. The peak wavelength of PL spectra depends on the anodization parameters including the resistivity and the conduction type of Si substrates. The PL spectra can be tuned to a higher energy side by either adjustment of the anodizing conditions or chemical etching after anodization. These remarkable results can be interpreted as a result of quantum size effects in PS.
Influence of the three nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon on expression of the Escherichia coli lacz gene inSaccharomyces Cerevisiae (1993)

By introducing synthetic oligonucleotides into a lacZ-yeast expression vector a set of 47 plasmids (out of 64 possible) was generated, differing only in the three bases immediately upstream of the AUG initiation codon of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. Expression of the beta-galactosidase fusion protein encoded by the different plasmids was determined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by immunogel electrophoresis. Among the clones tested we found a factor 3 difference in expression. A slight nucleotide preference was found in positions -3(A > G > C = U) and -2 (G > C = U > A). The choice of the nucleotide at position -1 immediately 5' of the AUG did not effect translation efficiency. Increasing homology to the yeast consensus sequence (AAAAAAAUGUCU) was not concomitant with an increased translation efficiency. Our results indicate that the choice of nucleotides immediately preceding the initiation codon in yeast does not dramatically influence translation efficiency, as in prokaryotes or higher eukaryotes.
Towards context-aware search by learning a very large variable length hidden markov model from search logs (2009)

Capturing the context of a user's query from the previous queries and clicks in the same session may help understand the user's information need. A context-aware approach to document re-ranking, query suggestion, and URL recommendation may improve users' search experience substantially. In this paper, we propose a general approach to context-aware search. To capture contexts of queries, we learn a variable length Hidden Markov Model (vlHMM) from search sessions extracted from log data. Although the mathematical model is intuitive, how to learn a large vlHMM with millions of states from hundreds of millions of search sessions poses a grand challenge. We develop a strategy for parameter initialization in vlHMM learning which can greatly reduce the number of parameters to be estimated in practice. We also devise a method for distributed vlHMM learning under the map-reduce model. We test our approach on a real data set consisting of 1.8 billion queries, 2.6 billion clicks, and 840 million search sessions, and evaluate the effectiveness of the vlHMM learned from the real data on three search applications: document re-ranking, query suggestion, and URL recommendation. The experimental results show that our approach is both effective and efficient.
A System for Answering Non-Factoid Japanese Questions by Using Passage Retrieval Weighted Based on Type of Answer (2007)

We constructed a system for answering non-factoid Japanese questions. We used passage retrieval methods for the system. We extracted paragraphs based on terms from an input question and output them as the desired answer. We classified the non-factoid questions into six categories. We used a particular method
A multivariate analysis of 416 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: prognosis, extent of resection, and survival (2001)

Five independent predictors of survival were identified: age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, extent of resection, and the degree of necrosis and enhancement on preoperative MR imaging studies. A significant survival advantage was associated with resection of 98% or more of the tumor volume (median survival 13 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.4-14.6 months), compared with 8.8 months (95% CI 7.4-10.2 months; p < 0.0001) for resections of less than 98%. Using an outcome scale ranging from 0 to 5 based on age, KPS score, and tumor necrosis on MR imaging, we observed significantly longer survival in patients with lower scores (1-3) who underwent aggressive resections, and a trend toward slightly longer survival was found in patients with higher scores (4-5). Gross-total tumor resection is associated with longer survival in patients with GBM, especially when other predictive variables are favorable.