gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMMAND CENTER NETWORK (CCN) —BACKBONE OF FUTURE COMMAND AND CONTROL (1980)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a generalized data communications network which combines high‐speed (10 Mbps) data bus technology with the higher level data exchange protocols such as those developed for the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). This serves the dual function of providing communication between multiple users, both computers and humans, as well as facilitating the human user interface to these other systems. The Command Center Network (CCN) provider access to the data resident In existing Navy information systems such 88 Navy Tactical Data System (NTDS), Naval Modular Automated Communication System (NAVMACS), Anti‐Submarine Warfare Module (ASWM) and navigation systems. This facilitates the interconnection of command and control subsystems which manipulate this data to provide a higher level view of the environment to the Task Force Commander, a function which is presently performed by numerous Staff officers, using manual techniques. The CCN is designed with a strong emphasis on modularity. This not only allows for evolutionary growth from a small set of interconnected systems, but also provides for easy adaptation as the requirements of command and control change. It provides a mechanism for transitioning from the current large systems, which are structured in a very complex manner, to a number of smaller, distributed systems with standard interfaces which can be easily added or subtracted to provide the desired command and control capability.
SINGLET OXYGEN YIELDS AND RADICAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE DYE‐SENSITISED PHOTO‐OXIDATION IN METHANOL OF ESTERS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (OLEIC, LINOLEIC, LINOLENIC AND ARACHIDONIC) (1988)

Abstract— The triplet state characteristics (spectrum, lifetime and quantum yield) for four dye sensi tisers [methylene blue (MB), erythrosin (ER), haematoporphyrin (HP) and riboflavin (RF)] were determined in methanol by laser flash photolysis and singlet oxygen yields (0.60 to 0.48) from time‐resolved measurements of the 1270 nm near infrared emission. The reaction of singlet oxygen with four long chain unsaturated phenyl esters [oleate (18: 1), linoleate (18: 2), linolenate (18: 3) and arachidonate (20: 4)] was followed quantitatively using the singlet oxygen luminescence technique and also, after continuous420–700 nm irradiation, by HPLC and other analysis of the isomeric product monohydroperoxides. The overall quantum yield of photooxidation (∼10 ‐2 ) was shown to be consistent with the observed singlet oxygen quenching constants(2–12 times 10 4 dm 3 mol ‐1 s ‐1 ) for the four esters studied and the singlet oxygen lifetime in methanol (τ∼ 9 μs). The isomer product distribution was interpreted in terms of a dual singlet oxygen and radical mechanism, the radical contribution increasing with sensitiser in the order ER = MB &lt; HP ≪ RF, but also showing some dependence on substrate unsaturation. Evidence is presented for singlet oxygen quenching by MB and RF ( k O = 1.6 and 6.0 times 10 7 dm 3 mol ‐1 s ‐1 ) and for the accelerated photobleaching of the dye sensitisers in the presence of the unsaturated esters.
Metal ion-dependent hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage is more sequence specific than metal specific. (1997)

The frequency of oxidative base damage along the human p53 and PGK1 genes was determined at nucleotide resolution by cleaving DNA at oxidized bases with endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase and then using the ligation-mediated PCR technique to map induced break frequency. Damage was induced either in vivo by exposing cultured human male fibroblasts to H2O2 or in vitro by exposing purified genomic DNA to H2O2 plus ascorbate in the presence of Cu(II), Fe(III), or Cr(VI) metal ions. All four base damage patterns from either in vivo or in vitro treatments were nearly identical in both regions of the genome. The frequency of base damage varied along the DNA, with guanine being the most commonly damaged base. In the Fe(III)-mediated in vitro reactions, single-stranded breaks were almost completely suppressed by addition of sucrose, which facilitated mapping of base damage. The in vitro base damage pattern generated by Cr(VI), ascorbate, and H2O2 was similar to that of the other metal ions, with the exception of several unique positions; these were heavily damaged only in the presence of Cr(VI). Isolated nuclei suffered little oxidative base damage in the presence of ascorbate and H2O2, and we conclude that during H2O2 in vivo treatment of cells, metal ions (or metal-like ligands) are freed from the cytoplasm to migrate into the nucleus and supply the redox cycling ligands necessary for oxidative base damage. These data simplify the complexity of H2O2-induced oxidative damage and mutagenesis studies by demonstrating the commonality of damage catalyzed by different transition metal ions and by showing that the pattern of H2O2-mediated oxidative base damage is determined almost entirely by the primary DNA sequence, with chromatin structure having a limited effect. Our data suggest a model for base damage in which DNA-metal ion binding domains can equally accommodate a variety of different metal ions and thus are a key factor in determining the local probability of DNA damage.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes in the Emergence ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 (1998)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen distinguished from typical E. coli by the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) and the inability to ferment sorbitol (SOR) and to express beta-glucuronidase (GUD) activity. An allele-specific probe for the GUD gene (uidA) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis were used to elucidate stages in the evolutionary emergence of E. coli O157: H7. A point mutation at +92 in uidA was found only in O157:H7 and its nonmotile relatives, including a SOR+ O157:H clone implicated in outbreaks of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany. The results support a model in which O157:H7 evolved sequentially from an O55:H7 ancestor, first by acquiring the Stx2 gene and then by diverging into two branches; one became GUD- SOR- , resulting in the O157:H7 clone that spread worldwide, and the other lost motility, leading to the O157:H clone that is an increasing public health problem in Europe.
Water-related degradation of contacts in the multilevel MOS IC with spin-on glasses as interlevel dielectrics (1989)

The effect of using silicon-dioxide-based spin-on glasses as interlevel dielectrics in multilevel silicon integrated circuits is discussed. It was found that water in the spin-on glass leads to an open-circuit failure of contacts in small windows due to the outgassing of water during aluminum deposition. Although a 450 degrees C anneal can markedly improve the quality of the contacts, the process remains unreliable for manufacturing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimizer: IBM's Multi-Echelon Inventory System for Managing Service Logistics (1990)

IBM recently implemented Optimizer, a system for flexible and optimal control of service levels and spare parts inventory, in its US network for service support. It is based upon recent research in multi-echelon inventory theory to address the IBM network. The inherent complexity and very large scale of the basic problem required IBM to develop suitable algorithms and sophisticated data structures and required large-scale systems integration. Optimizer has greatly improved IBM's US service business. The implementation of Optimizer has made it possible to make strategic changes to the configuration and control of the parts distribution network. It resulted in simultaneously reducing inventory investment and operating costs and improving service levels. Most important, however, Optimizer has proven to be a highly flexible planning and operational control system.
Interaction of IL-15 with the shared IL-2 receptor β and γ c subunits. The IL-15/β/γ c receptor-ligand complex is less stable than the IL-2/β/γ c receptor-ligand complex (1996)

This study was designed to compare the interactions of IL-2 and IL-15 with the IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c subunits, as differences in receptor interactions between IL-2 and IL-15 might contribute to the functional differences between these two cytokines. The results suggest the existence of a human IL-15R alpha subunit, although physical evidence of this molecule was not obtained. Proliferation of anti-CD3 (OKT3)-stimulated human PBL was compared for responsiveness to IL-2, IL-15, and F42K, and IL-2 mutant that does not bind the IL-2R alpha chain. F42K was more potent than IL-15 in activating a dose-dependent response. This fact, along with Scatchard binding analyses of IL-15 on OKT3 blasts and YT cells revealing both high and intermediate affinity receptors, supports the existence of IL-15R alpha on these cells. Additional characterization of the IL-15R utilized covalent cross-linking to affinity label IL-2R and IL-15R on YT cells and OKT3 blasts. Consistent with previously reported functional data, IL-2R alpha was not co-precipitated from the [125I]IL-15 receptor-ligand complex, demonstrating that IL-15 does not interact physically with the IL-2R alpha subunit. While IL-2R alpha did co-precipitate with IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c in the presence of IL-2, IL-15R alpha did not co-precipitate with the IL-2R beta/gamma c complex. Finally, YT cells equilibrated with IL-2 and then precipitated through IL-2R beta showed that IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c co-precipitate in a 1:1 ratio, while only IL-2R beta was found in the immunoprecipitates of YT cells equilibrated with IL-15. This indicates that IL-15 creates a less stable bridge between the IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c chains than does IL-2 on YT cells. This result was identical for both surface-iodinated YT cells and immunoprecipitates that were probed for IL-2R beta and IL-2R gamma c on Western blots.
3D object modeling and recognition using affine-invariant patches and multi-view spatial constraints (2003)

This paper presents a representation for three-dimensional objects in terms of affine-invariant image patches and their spatial relationships. Multi-view constraints associated with groups of patches are combined with a normalized representation of their appearance to guide matching and reconstruction, allowing the acquisition of true three-dimensional affine and Euclidean models from multiple images and their recognition in a single photograph taken from an arbitrary viewpoint. The proposed approach does not require a separate segmentation stage and is applicable to cluttered scenes. Preliminary modeling and recognition results are presented.
Adeno-associated virus-mediated aspartoacylase gene transfer to the brain of knockout mouse for canavan disease (2003)

Canavan disease (CD) is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by deficiency of aspartoacylase (ASPA). Deficiency of ASPA leads to elevation of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA) in the brain and urine. To explore the feasibility of gene transfer to replace ASPA in CD, we generated a knockout mouse and constructed an AAV vector that encodes human ASPA cDNA (hASPA) followed by green fluorescent protein (GFP) after an intraribosomal entry site. We injected CD mice with rAAV-hASPA-GFP in the striatum and thalamus or injected rAAV-GFP identically into control animals. Three to five months after the injection, we determined the presence of ASPA in the CD mouse brain by ASPA activity assay, GFP expression, and Western blot analysis. While rAAV-GFP-injected animals displayed undetectable levels of ASPA, all detection methods revealed significant ASPA levels in rAAV-hASPA-GFP-injected CD mice. We evaluated the functional effects of rAAV-hASPA-GFP-mediated ASPA expression by standard histological methods, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for in vivo NAA levels, and magnetic resonance imaging of CD mice. rAAV-hASPA-injected animals displayed a remarkable lack of spongiform degeneration in the thalamus. However, pathology in sites unrelated to the injected areas showed no improvement in histopathology. The improvement in thalamic neuropathology was also detectable via in vivo MRI. MRS revealed that in vivo NAA levels were also reduced. These data indicate that rAAV-mediated ASPA delivery may be an interesting avenue for the treatment of CD.
Kinetics and Extent of T Cell Activation as Measured with the Calcium Signal (1997)

We have characterized the calcium response of a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte line at the single cell level using a variety of ligands, alone and in combination. We are able to distinguish four general patterns of intracellular calcium elevation, with only the most robust correlating with T cell proliferation. Whereas all three antagonist peptides tested reduce the calcium response to an agonist ligand, two give very different calcium release patterns and the third gives none at all, arguing that (a) antagonism does not require calcium release and (b) it involves interactions that are more T cell receptor proximal. We have also measured the time between the first T cell-antigen-presenting cell contact and the onset of the calcium signal. The duration of this delay correlates with the strength of the stimulus, with stronger stimuli giving a more rapid response. The dose dependence of this delay suggests that the rate-limiting step in triggering the calcium response is not the clustering of peptide-MHC complexes on the cell surface but more likely involves the accumulation of some intracellular molecule or complex with a half-life of a few minutes.
The Structure of Nucleotidylated Histidine-166 of Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase Provides Insight into Phosphoryl Group Transfer, (1996)

Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase catalyzes the reaction of UDP-glucose with galactose 1-phosphate to form UDP-galactose and glucose 1-phosphate during normal cellular metabolism. The reaction proceeds through a double displacement mechanism characterized by the formation of a stable nucleotidylated histidine intermediate. This paper describes the preparation of the uridylyl-enzyme complex on the crystalline enzyme from Escherichia coli and its subsequent structure determination by X-ray crystallography. The refined structure has an R-factor of 19.6% (data between 65 and 1.86 A resolution) and reveals modest conformational changes at the active site compared to the inactive UMP/UDP-enzyme complex reported previously [Wedekind, J.E., Frey, P.A., & Rayment, I. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11049-11061]. In particular, positions of the respective UMP alpha-phosphoryl groups differ by approximately 4 A. Well-defined electron density for the nucleotidylated imidazole supports the existence of a covalent bond between N epsilon 2 of the nucleophile and the alpha-phosphorus of UMP. A hydrogen bond that is conserved in both complexes between His 166 N delta 1 and the carbonyl O of His 164 serves to properly orient the nucleophile and electrostatically stabilize the positively charged imidazolium that results from nucleotidylation. Hydrogen bonds from side-chain Gln 168 to the nonbridging phosphoryl oxygens of the nucleotidyl intermediate appear crucial for the formation and reaction of the uridylyl-enzyme complex as well. The significance of the latter interaction is underscored by the fact that the predominant cause of the metabolic disease galactosemia is the mutation of the corresponding Gln (Gln 188 in humans) to Arg. A comparison to other phosphohistidyl enzymes is described, as well as a revised model for the mechanism of the uridylyltransferase.
Trafficking and cell surface stability of ENaC (2001)

The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) plays a key role in the regulation of Na(+) and water absorption in several epithelia, including those of the distal nephron, distal colon, and lung. Accordingly, mutations in ENaC leading to reduced or increased channel activity cause human diseases such as pseudohypoaldosteronism type I or Liddle's syndrome, respectively. The gain of ENaC function in Liddle's syndrome is associated with increased activity and stability of the channel at the plasma membrane. Thus understanding the regulation of channel processing and trafficking to and stability at the cell surface is of fundamental importance. This review describes some of the recent advances in our understanding of ENaC trafficking, including the role of glycosylation, ENaC solubility in nonionic detergent, targeting signal(s) and hormones. It also describes the regulation of ENaC stability at the cell surface and the roles of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 (and ubiquitination) and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in that regulation.
New Biarsenical Ligands and Tetracysteine Motifs for Protein Labeling in Vitro and in Vivo:  Synthesis and Biological Applications (2002)

We recently introduced a method (Griffin, B. A.; Adams, S. R.; Tsien, R. Y. Science 1998, 281, 269-272 and Griffin, B. A.; Adams, S. R.; Jones, J.; Tsien, R. Y. Methods Enzymol. 2000, 327, 565-578) for site-specific fluorescent labeling of recombinant proteins in living cells. The sequence Cys-Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-Cys, where Xaa is an noncysteine amino acid, is genetically fused to or inserted within the protein, where it can be specifically recognized by a membrane-permeant fluorescein derivative with two As(III) substituents, FlAsH, which fluoresces only after the arsenics bind to the cysteine thiols. We now report kinetics and dissociation constants ( approximately 10(-11) M) for FlAsH binding to model tetracysteine peptides. Affinities in vitro and detection limits in living cells are optimized with Xaa-Xaa = Pro-Gly, suggesting that the preferred peptide conformation is a hairpin rather than the previously proposed alpha-helix. Many analogues of FlAsH have been synthesized, including ReAsH, a resorufin derivative excitable at 590 nm and fluorescing in the red. Analogous biarsenicals enable affinity chromatography, fluorescence anisotropy measurements, and electron-microscopic localization of tetracysteine-tagged proteins.
New composite polymer electrolytes based on room temperature ionic liquids and polyether (2006)

Abstract Composite polymer electrolytes based on room temperature ionic liquids and polyether have been designed and synthesized. All room temperature ionic liquids which contain short poly(ethylene oxide) chains have good compatibility with the prepolymer, polyether based on polysiloxane. An ultraviolet polymerization method was utilized for the curing of the composite polymer electrolytes. The composite polymer electrolytes which are composed of the room temperature ionic liquids and polyether based on polysiloxane showed high ionic conductivity and high thermal stability. The ionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolytes is nearly two magnitudes higher than those electrolytes with pure polyether based on polysiloxane. A maximum conductivity of 1.05 × 10 −3 S/cm −1 is achieved at 30°C. Thermogravimetic analysis revealed scarcely any thermal weight loss at 80°C and thermal decomposition of the composite polymer electrolytes had not been observed up to 250°C. It retains electrochemical stable till 4.2 V which is acceptable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Dual regulation of adenylate cyclase accounts for narcotic dependence and tolerance. (1975)

Narcotics affect adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] in two opposing ways, both mediated by the opiate receptor. The first process is the readily reversible inhibition of the enzyme by narcotics; the second is a compensatory increase in enzyme activity which is delayed in onset and relatively stable. Late positive regulation of the enzyme counteracts the inhibitory influence of morphine and is responsible for narcotic dependence and tolerance. The coupled inhibitory and positive regulatory mechanisms for adenylate cyclase provide a means of activating and deactivating neural circuits hours after the initial event and thus may play a role in a memory process.
Value-added uses for crude glycerol--a byproduct of biodiesel production (2012)

Biodiesel is a promising alternative, and renewable, fuel. As its production increases, so does production of the principle co-product, crude glycerol. The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In this review, composition and quality factors of crude glycerol are discussed. The value-added utilization opportunities of crude glycerol are reviewed. The majority of crude glycerol is used as feedstock for production of other value-added chemicals, followed by animal feeds.
Archive material from Edition 2 of Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design (1994)

Amoeba is a complete and novel distributed operating system constructed as a collection of userlevel servers supported by the microkernel. Mach and Chorus are primarily microkernel designs geared towards the emulation of existing operating systems, notably UNIX, in a distributed system. Mach, Chorus and Amoeba have many common general goals, including the support of network transparency, encapsulated resource management and user-level servers. In Mach and Chorus, some objects are managed by the kernel and others by user-level servers, whereas all Amoeba objects are managed outside the kernel. Chorus allows user-level servers to be loaded dynamically in the kernel address space. Mach, Chorus and Amoeba all provide separate abstractions of processes and threads. Mach and Chorus can take advantage of a multiprocessor. The Amoeba kernel interface is very simple, because of its simple communication model and lack of support for virtual memory. The Mach and Chorus kernels offer many more calls due to their more complex communication models and the desire to emulate UNIX. Naming and protecting resources ◊ Resources are named and protected by capabilities in Amoeba and Chorus and by ports in Mach. Resources identified by capabilities in Amoeba and in
Identification of Redox Partners and Development of a Novel Chimeric Bacterial Nitric Oxide Synthase for Structure Activity Analyses (2014)

Production of nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) requires electrons to reduce the heme iron for substrate oxidation. Both FAD and FMN flavin groups mediate the transfer of NADPH derived electrons to NOS. Unlike mammalian NOS that contain both FAD and FMN binding domains within a single polypeptide chain, bacterial NOS is only composed of an oxygenase domain and must rely on separate redox partners for electron transfer and subsequent activity. Here, we report on the native redox partners for Bacillus subtilis NOS (bsNOS) and a novel chimera that promotes bsNOS activity. By identifying and characterizing native redox partners, we were also able to establish a robust enzyme assay for measuring bsNOS activity and inhibition. This assay was used to evaluate a series of established NOS inhibitors. Using the new assay for screening small molecules led to the identification of several potent inhibitors for which bsNOS-inhibitor crystal structures were determined. In addition to characterizing potent bsNOS inhibitors, substrate binding was also analyzed using isothermal titration calorimetry giving the first detailed thermodynamic analysis of substrate binding to NOS.
Features in American Sign Language Storytelling (2011)

This paper will offer a brief introduction to the mechanisms and discourse strategies used in American Sign Language (ASL) storytelling. H-Dirkson L. Bauman lists many features of spoken language storytelling that have parallels in ASL storytelling. The ASL story “A Gift for My Mother” performed by Peter S. Cook will be analyzed for motifs, meta-narrational devices, para-narrational devices, parallelism, and repetition. Comparisons between the storytelling devices used by ASL signer-tellers and spoken language non-signer tellers will be provided. Features specific to storytelling in ASL, such as kinetic movement and the use of visual vernacular, will also be discussed.