gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prodiginine (Prodigiosin-Like) Pigments from Streptoverticillium rubrireticuli , an Organism That Causes Pink Staining of Polyvinyl Chloride (1975)

Red pigments were extracted from Streptoverticillium rubrireticuli strain 100-19, an organism frequently incriminated in pink staining of polyvinyl chloride. These pigments were identified as undecylprodiginine and butylcycloheptylprodiginine.
Self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by a small molecule (2006)

A cell-based screen of chemical libraries was carried out to identify small molecules that control the self-renewal of ES cells. A previously uncharacterized heterocycle, SC1, was discovered that allows one to propagate murine ES cells in an undifferentiated, pluripotent state under chemically defined conditions in the absence of feeder cells, serum, and leukemia inhibitory factor. Long-term SC1-expanded murine ES cells can be differentiated into cells of the three primary germ layers in vitro and also can generate chimeric mice and contribute to the germ line in vivo. Biochemical and cellular experiments suggest that SC1 works through dual inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1. Molecules of this kind may not only facilitate practical applications of stem cells in research and therapy, but also provide previously undescribed insights into the complex biology of stem cells.
6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene family overexpression in human lung tumor. (2005)

The 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB) is a family of bifunctional enzymes which is responsible for maintaining the cellular levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a powerful allosteric activator of glycolysis. Here we report the overexpression of PFKFB-1, -2, -3 and -4 mRNA in the human lung cancers when compared with corresponding normal tissues counterparts as well as PFKFB-4 and -3 protein levels. The lung carcinoma cell line A549, under conditions of normal oxygen tension, has also shown increased transcript levels of PFKFB-2, -3 and -4 when compared to normal tissues. Moreover, hypoxia highly induced the expression of PFKFB-2, PFKFB-3 and especially PFKFB-4 isozymes are highly induced in the lung carcinoma cells. Thus, our results' clearly demonstrated overexpression of PFKFB gene family isozymes in the lung cancers and they possible role in the Warburg effect.
OligoDesign: optimal design of LNA (locked nucleic acid) oligonucleotide capture probes for gene expression profiling (2003)

We report the development of new software, OligoDesign, which provides optimal design of LNA (locked nucleic acid) substituted oligonucleotides for functional genomics applications. LNAs constitute a novel class of bicyclic RNA analogs having an exceptionally high affinity and specificity toward their complementary DNA and RNA target molecules. The OligoDesign software features recognition and filtering of the target sequence by genome-wide BLAST analysis in order to minimize cross-hybridization with non-target sequences. Furthermore it includes routines for prediction of melting temperature, self-annealing and secondary structure for LNA substituted oligonucleotides, as well as secondary structure prediction of the target nucleotide sequence. Individual scores for all these properties are calculated for each possible LNA oligonucleotide in the query gene and the OligoDesign program ranks the LNA capture probes according to a combined fuzzy logic score and finally returns the top scoring probes to the user in the output. We have successfully used the OligoDesign tool to design a Caenorhabditis elegans LNA oligonucleotide microarray, which allows monitoring of the expression of a set of 120 potential marker genes for a variety of stress and toxicological processes and toxicologically relevant pathways. The OligoDesign program is freely accessible at http://lnatools.com/.
Understanding the Role of Defect Sites in Glucan Hydrolysis on Surfaces (2013)

Though unfunctionalized mesoporous carbon consisting of weakly Brønsted acidic OH-defect sites depolymerizes cellulose under mild conditions, the nature of the active site and how this affects hydrolysis kinetics--the rate-limiting step of this process--has remained a puzzle. Here, in this manuscript, we quantify the effect of surface OH-defect site density during hydrolysis catalysis on the rate of reaction. Our comparative approach relies on synthesis and characterization of grafted poly(1→4-β-glucan) (β-glu) strands on alumina. Grafted β-glu strands on alumina have a 9-fold higher hydrolysis rate per glucan relative to the highest rate measured for β-glu strands on silica. This amounts to a hydrolysis rate per grafted center on alumina that is 2.7-fold more active than on silica. These data are supported by the lower measured activation energy for hydrolysis of grafted β-glu strands on alumina being 70 kJ/mol relative to 87 kJ/mol on silica. The observed linear increase of hydrolysis rate with increasing OH-defect site density during catalysis suggests that the formation of hydrogen bonds between weakly Brønsted acidic OH-defect sites and constrained glycosidic oxygens (i.e., those juxtaposed adjacent to the surface) activates the latter for hydrolysis catalysis. Altogether, these data elucidate crucial structural requirements for glucan hydrolysis on surfaces and, when coupled with our recent demonstration of long-chain glucan binding to mesoporous carbon, present a unified picture, for the first time, of adsorbed glucan hydrolysis on OH-defect site-containing surfaces, such as unfunctionalized mesoporous carbon.
Thoracic Paravertebral Block (2001)

is still not defined, but we have observed radiologic spread of
Purification of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate by Density Gradient Centrifugation in Sodium Bromide (1982)

Fractionation of fully sporulated cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis by density gradient centrifugation in NaBr produced two bands which were identified as poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. This technique generated high yields of membrane-bound and unbound granules of exceptional purity and degree of polymerization.
Frequency-dependent transversal flow control in centrifugal microfluidics (2004)

This work presents a novel flow switch for centrifugal microfluidic platforms which is solely controlled by the Coriolis pseudo force. This Coriolis switch consists of an inverse Y-structure with one common upstream channel and two symmetric outlets on a rotating disk. Above a certain threshold frequency, the Coriolis force becomes dominant that the entire flow is diverted into one of the outlets which is selected by the direction of rotation. The threshold frequency has been measured to be 350 rad s(-1)(approximately 55.7 Hz) for a channel width of 360 microm and a depth of 125 microm. The results are supported by extensive CFD simulations.
Butyl Alcohols (2000)

Abstract Butyl alcohols encompass the four structurally isomeric 4‐carbon alcohols of empirical formula C 4 H 10 O. One of these, 2‐butanol, can exist in either the optically active \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${R{(}-{)}}$\end{document} or \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${S{(}+{)}}$\end{document} configuration or as a racemic ( \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\pm }$\end{document} ) mixture. The butanols are all colorless, clear liquids at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with the exception of t ‐butyl alcohol which is a low melting solid; it also has a substantially higher water miscibility than the other three alcohols. The butanols undergo the typical reactions of the simple lower chain aliphatic alcohols. The principal commercial source of 1‐butanol is n ‐butyraldehyde, obtained from the Oxo reaction of propylene. The largest‐volume commercial derivatives of 1‐butanol are n ‐butyl acrylate and methacrylate. These are used principally in emulsion polymers for latex paints, in textile applications and in impact modifiers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). All four butanols are thought to have a generally low order of human toxicity. The C‐4 alcohols are preferably stored in baked phenolic‐lined steel tanks. However, plain steel tanks can also be employed. Storage under dry nitrogen is also recommended since it limits flammability hazards.
Progestin Regulation of Cellular Proliferation* (1990)

THE control of cellular proliferation is known to involve a delicate balance between the effects of different regulatory molecules including hormones and growth factors which provide, in the immediate environment of the cell, signals to stimulate or inhibit cellular replication (1). The past decade has seen significant progress in the identification and characterization of novel regulatory molecules, generally referred to as growth factors, and definition of their molecular mechanisms of action (2, 3). With the recent emphasis on peptide growth factors it is perhaps less well appreciated that some of the largest physiological changes (both positive and negative) in rates of growth and cell proliferation are mediated by steroid hormones. Recent studies on breast cancer cells (4) and immature rat uterus (5, 6), illustrating estrogenic control of autocrine and paracrine growth factor production, support the view that some of these steroid-induced responses are intimately linked to growth factor-mediated pathways although debate continues as to whether the growth factor response is the cause, or the consequence, of the estrogenic effect on cellular proliferation (7, 8). Generally speaking, the molecular mechanisms by which steroid hormones control proliferation are not well defined, with the most developed knowledge being in the area of estrogen action where a number of recent reviews are available (4, 9–11).
Randomized Phase III Trial of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin in the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Southwest Oncology Group Trial (2001)

PC is equally efficacious as VC for the treatment of advanced non--small-cell lung cancer. PC is less toxic and better tolerated but more expensive than VC. New treatment strategies should be pursued.
Gene Therapy for Cardiac Arrhythmias (2002)

The heart requires a steady rhythm and rate in order tofulfill its physiological role as the pump for the circulation. An excessively rapid heart rate (tachycardia) allowsinsufficient time for the mechanical events of ventricularemptying and filling. Cardiac output drops, the lungs become congested, and, in the extreme, the circulation collapses. An equally morbid chain of events ensues if theheart beats too slowly (bradycardia). Serious disturbances of cardiac rhythm, known as arrhythmias, afflictmore than 3 million Americans and account for > 400,000deaths annually (American Heart Association 2001).Current therapy has serious limitations: Antiarrhythmicdrugs can sometimes be effective, but their utility is limited by their propensity to create new, potentially fatal,arrhythmias while suppressing others (Coplen et al. 1990;Echt et al. 1991; Siebels et al. 1993; Waldo et al. 1996).Ablation of targeted tissue can readily cure simple wiringerrors, but it is less effective in treating more complex andcommon arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (Richardson and Josephson 1999;Falk 2001). Implantable devices can serve as surrogatepacemakers to sustain heart rate, or as defibrillators totreat excessively rapid rhythms. Such devices are expensive, and implantation involves a number of acute andchronic risks (pulmonary collapse, bacterial infection,lead or generator failure; Bernstein and Parsonnet 2001).In short, arrhythmias are a serious threat of public healthproportions, and current treatment is inadequate. Giventhese limitations, we have begun to develop gene therapyas an alternative to conventional treatment...
Enhanced Tibial Osteotomy Healing with Use of Bone Grafts Supplemented with Platelet Gel or Platelet Gel and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2007)

Background: There is great interest in the use of bone substitutes to improve bone repair. We compared the osteogenic potential of lyophilized bone chips combined with platelet gel, or with platelet gel and bone marrow stromal cells, with that of lyophilized bone chips alone in the healing of a high tibial osteotomy. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was performed, and a standardized clinical model was applied. Thirty-three patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy to treat genu varum were enrolled and assigned to three groups. During the osteotomy, lyophilized bone chips with platelet gel were implanted into eleven patients (Group A), lyophilized bone chips with platelet gel and bone marrow stromal cells were implanted in twelve patients (Group B), and lyophilized bone chips without gel were placed in ten patients as controls (Group C). Six weeks after surgery, computed tomography-guided biopsies of the grafted areas were performed and the specimens were analyzed by histomorphometry. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed at six weeks, twelve weeks, six months, and one year after surgery. Results: Histomorphometry at six weeks showed significantly increased osteoblasts and osteoid areas in both Group A (p = 0.006 and p = 0.03, respectively) and Group B (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001) in comparison with controls, as well as increased bone apposition on the chips (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively), which was greater in Group B than in Group A (p < 0.05). Group B showed significantly higher revascularization than the controls (p = 0.004). Radiographs revealed a significantly higher rate of osseointegration in Groups A and B than in the controls at six weeks (p < 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively). At the final evaluation at one year, the osseointegration was still better in Groups A and B than in Group C; however, all patients had complete clinical and functional evidence of healing. Conclusions: Adding a platelet gel or a platelet gel combined with bone marrow stromal cells to lyophilized bone chips increases the osteogenetic potential of the lyophilized bone chips and may be a useful tool in the treatment of patients with massive bone loss. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Uric Acid and Diet — Insights into the Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease (2004)

Gout is the only enemy that I do not wish to have at my feet.— Reverend Sydney Smith, 1841Gout, a disease that has been known since antiquity, is an acute, often recurrent arthritis mediated by the crystallization of uric acid within the joints and typically associated with hyperuricemia. Described by Hippocrates during the Golden Age of Greece, gout was originally a disease of the affluent, primarily observed in middle-aged men of the wealthy upper class (“the Patrician malady”). A “disease of kings and king of diseases,” gout has often kept good company, afflicting kings (including Alexander the Great, . . .
Association of Cystic Fibrosis with Abnormalities in Fatty Acid Metabolism (2004)

These data indicate that alterations in fatty acids similar to those in cystic fibrosis-knockout mice are present in CFTR-expressing tissue from subjects with cystic fibrosis.
Effect of Various Factors on the Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzothiazoles with Propylene Oxide. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Capacitance-based droplet position estimator for digital microfluidic devices (2012)

Digital microfluidic (DMF) devices manipulate minuscule droplets through basic fluidic operations including droplet transport, mixing and splitting commonly known as the building blocks for complete laboratory analyses on a single device. A DMF device can house various chemical species and confine chemical reactions within the volume of a droplet much like a micro-reactor. The automation of fluidic protocols requires a feedback controller whose sensor is capable of locating droplets independent of liquid composition (or previous knowledge of liquid composition). In this research, we present an estimator that tracks the continuous displacement of a droplet between electrodes of a DMF device. The estimator uses a dimensionless ratio of two electrode capacitances to approximate the position of a droplet, even, in the domain between two adjacent electrodes. This droplet position estimator significantly enhances the control precision of liquid handling in DMF devices compared to that of the techniques reported in the literature. It captures the continuous displacement of a droplet; valuable information for a feedback controller to execute intricate fluidic protocols including droplet positioning between electrodes, droplet velocity and acceleration control. We propose a state estimator for tracking the continuous droplet displacement between two adjacent electrodes. The dimensionless nature of this estimator means that any droplet composition can be sensed. Thus, no calibration for each chemical species within a single DMF device is required. We present theoretical and experimental results that demonstrate the efficacy of the position estimator in approximating the position of the droplet in the interval between two electrodes.
Active Uptake of Substance P Carboxy‐Terminal Heptapeptide (5–11) into Rat Brain and Rabbit Spinal Cord Slices (1981)

We previously reported that nerve terminals and glial cells lack an active uptake system capable of terminating transmitter action of substance P (SP). In the present study, we demonstrated the existence of an active uptake system for SP carboxy-terminal heptapeptide, (5-11)SP. When the slices from either rat brain or rabbit spinal cord were incubated with [3H](5-11)SP, the uptake of (5-11)SP into slices was observed. The uptake system has the properties of an active transport mechanism: it is dependent on temperature and sensitive to hypoosmotic treatment and is inhibited by ouabain and dinitrophenol (DNP). In the brain, (5-11)SP was accumulated by means of a high-affinity and a low-affinity uptake system. The Km and the Vmax values for the high-affinity system were 4.20 x 10(-8) M and 7.59 fmol/10 mg wet weight/min, respectively, whereas these values for the low-affinity system were 1.00 x 10(-6) M and 100 fmol/10 mg wet weight/min, respectively. In the spinal cord, there was only one uptake system, with a Km value of 2.16 x 10(-7) M and Vmax value of 26.2 fmol/10 mg wet weight/min. These results suggest that when SP is released from nerve terminals, it is hydrolysed into (5-11)SP before or after acting as a neurotransmitter, which is in turn accumulated into nerve terminals. Therefore, the uptake system may represent a possible mechanism for the inactivation of SP.
Pilot Trial Evaluating an 123I-Labeled 80-Kilodalton Engineered Anticarcinoembryonic Antigen Antibody Fragment (cT84.66 Minibody) in Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2004)

This pilot study represents one of the first clinical efforts to evaluate an engineered intermediate-molecular-mass radiolabeled antibody construct directed against CEA. cT84.66 minibody demonstrates tumor targeting to colorectal cancer and a faster clearance in comparison with intact antibodies, making it appropriate for further evaluation as an imaging and therapy agent. The mean residence time of the minibody in patients is longer than predicted from murine models. We therefore plan to further evaluate its biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties with minibody labeled with a longer-lived radionuclide, such as (111)In.
Vinyl and ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene with novel half-sandwich iridium(iii) complexes bearing hydroxyindanimine ligands (2008)

Half-sandwich iridium complexes bearing hydroxyindanimine ligands were synthesized and employed as catalysts for the ROMP and vinyl-type polymerization of norbornene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO).
Access control for collaborative environments (1992)

Access control is an indispensable part of any information sharing system. Collaborative environments introduce new requirements for access control, which cannot be met by using existing models developed for non-collaborative domains. We have developed a new access control model for meeting these requirements, The model is based on a generalized editing model of collaboration, which assumes that usersinteract with a collaborative application by concurrently editing its data structures, It associates fine-grained data displayed by a collaborative application with a set of collaboration rights and provides programmers and users a multi-dimensional, inheritance-based scheme for specifying theserights. The collaboration rights include traditional read and write rights and severat new rights such as viewing rights and coupling rights. The inheritance-based scheme groups subjects, protected objects, and access rights; allows each component of an access specification to refer to both groups and individual members; and allows a specific accessdefinition to override a more generat one.
Essential Oil ofTagetes minutafrom Rwanda and France: Chemical Composition According to Harvesting Location, Growth Stage and Part of Plant Extracted (1995)

ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the essential oils produced from Tagetes minuta which was harvested in Rwanda and France at various locations and growth stages, and isolated from different plant parts (flowers, leaves, seeds), was studied. The samples analyzed fell into four categories. Generally, (Z)-β-ocimene predominated in oil from flowers, and dihydrotagetone predominated in that from leaves. Tagetones and tagetenones occurred together or separately in large or small amounts. French oils differened from other oils by its preponderance of (Z)-tagetenone.
Stress in films of silicon monoxide (1967)

An apparatus is described which records the stresses occurring in evaporated thin films during the deposition process. The effect of the variation of the deposition parameters on the stress in films of silicon monoxide is investigated and results are found to be in general agreement with those of previous workers. The conditions necessary for the production of stable films are defined.
X‐linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome): Respiratory‐chain abnormalities in cultured fibroblasts (1996)

Conclusions The ATP production from glutamate + malate, pyruvate + malate, or succinate (+ rotenone was lower than the mean values found in control fibroblasts in patient 1 and in the low‐normal range in patient 2. Decreased activities of complex III (±30% of controls) and complex IV (±60% of controls) are in agreement with the previous studies in muscle. These findings provide evidence that respiratory‐chain dysfunction is an essential component of Barth syndrome. Results further indicate that the gene product is essential for the function, formation or stability of both complex III and complex IV. Both complex III and complex IV contain subunits that are encoded by mtDNA. The results of emetine labelling make it unlikely that the gene is involved in the expression of mtDNA. We furthermore suspect that 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria in this syndrome represents an epiphenomenon which is as yet unexplained but has been described so far in patients with separate mitochondrial disorders (Gibson et al 1995).