gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vessel Arterial-Venous Plasticity in Adult Neovascularization (2011)

Our findings indicate that microvessel arterial-venous identity in adult neovascularization is not necessarily pre-determined and that adult microvessels display a considerable level of phenotypic plasticity during neovascularization. In addition, we show that vessels of arterial identity also hold the potential to undergo sprouting angiogenesis.
Distinct Population of Hair Cell Progenitors Can Be Isolated from the Postnatal Mouse Cochlea Using Side Population Analysis (2006)

In mammals, the permanence of hearing loss is due mostly to the incapacity of the cochlea to replace lost mechano-receptor cells (i.e., hair cells [HCs]). The generation of new HCs from a renewable source of progenitors is a principal requirement for developing a cell therapy within this sensory organ. A subset of stem cells, termed side population (SP), has been identified in several tissues of mammals. The ATP-binding cassette transporter Abcg2/Bcrp1 contributes to the specification of the SP phenotype and is proposed as a universal marker for stem/progenitor cells. A defining character of these SP cells is a high efflux capacity for Hoechst dye. Here, we demonstrate that Abcg2 transporter is expressed with two other stem/progenitor cell markers (i.e., Nestin and Musashi1) in distinct and overlapping domains of the supporting cells within the postnatal cochlea. We have developed and describe a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique that enables the purification of a discrete subpopulation of SP-supporting cells from the early postnatal mouse cochlea based on their ability to exclude Hoechst dye. These FACS-isolated cells can divide and express markers of stem/progenitor cells such as Abcg2, a determinant of the SP phenotype, and Musashi1, a neural stem/progenitor cell marker. These markers can differentiate cells expressing markers of HCs and supporting cells in vitro. Our observation that these SP cells are capable of differentiating into HC-like cells implies a possible use for such cells (i.e., the replacement of lost auditory HCs within damaged cochlea).
C-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and neurodegenerative disease (2008)

c-Jun N-terminal kinases(JNKs)play an integral role in neuronal death in multiple cell lines following a wide variety of stimuli and in a number of physiological functions which have been recognized as important enzymes in cellular function.JNK has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases.Data are emerging to extend the understanding of the JNK signaling and confirm the possibility that targeting JNK signaling may offer an effective therapy for pathological conditions in the near future.Because of the involvement of JNK in neuronal diseases,the inhibition of this enzyme is an attractive therapeutic target.
Circulating mucins as tumor markers in ovarian cancer (review). (1992)

Because a highly sensitive and specific serum marker for ovarian carcinoma has not been reported, it is unlikely that there will be an application of serum markers for screening for this disease in asymptomatic women. However, many oncologists use serum tumor markers initially to differentiate epithelial ovarian carcinoma from benign gynecological conditions prior to surgery, so as to ensure appropriate surgical referral, and then to monitor the clinical course of disease during and after adjuvant therapy. The most commonly performed tumor marker assay in ovarian cancer (CA125) has been extremely valuable in patient management, but this marker is also elevated in a considerable proportion of patients with benign gynecologic diseases and endometriosis, and a relatively small proportion of patients with early stage disease. A new class of serum tumor markers, the highly glycosylated, high molecular weight mucins, have enormous potential in the management of ovarian cancer patients, since the use of assays for these markers may overcome many of the problems associated with CA125. Indeed, when used in combination with CA125, some mucin-based assays have increased the sensitivity and specificity of detection, thereby eliminating many false positive results seen with patients with benign disease and endometriosis, and also predicted disease recurrence in the majority of patients before clinical symptoms became apparent. These markers are the subject of this review, with particular attention to the commercially-available mucin-based assays.
Analysis of input-grating couplers having finite lengths (1995)

Planar waveguide-grating couplers are analyzed to determine the effects of grating length, the incident beam size, and the coupling length of the grating on the input-coupling efficiency. The emphasis is to examine the effects of these finite lengths on the range of angles over which input coupling occurs and the shape of the efficiency curve. A general formula for normalized input-coupling efficiency is given to relate these lengths. When any one of these characteristic lengths is much smaller than the other two, both the angular width and angular dependence of the coupling efficiency for a scan of the incident beam angle will be mainly determined by that characteristic length. This is demonstrated experimentally for two cases: one has a relatively short grating length, and the other has a short coupling length.
Delivery of class I and class II MHC-restricted T-cell epitopes of listeriolysin of Listeria monocytogenes by attenuated Salmonella (1995)

Using a Salmonella vaccine-Listeria infection model of intracellular infection, we studied the capacity of an attenuated strain of Salmonella carrying T-cell epitopes of listeriolysin (LLO) of L. monocytogenes to elicit epitope-specific T-cell responses. Class II (LLO 215-226) or class I (LLO 91-99) MHC-restricted T-cell epitopes of LLO were inserted within a central, hypervariable domain of the flagellin protein of an attenuated delta aroA Salmonella dublin strain. T cells from Listeria-immunized mice were activated by lysates or heat-killed preparations of Salmonella construct expressing the LLO 215-226 epitope, indicating that LLO 215-226 is processed and presented to T cells when offered to antigen-presenting cells as part of a flagellin-epitope fusion protein. The chimeric flagellin genes were integrated into the chromosome of the flagellin-negative S. dublin strain to obtain stable expression of the epitopes. Immunization with the living, chromosomally integrated Salmonella construct carrying LLO 215-226 epitope as part of the flagellin protein generated T cells reactive with the corresponding LLO peptide, indicating that this chimera can stimulate a class-specific immune response in vitro. The effect of flanking residues on the processing and presentation of MHC class I LLO 91-99 epitope was studied using Salmonella vaccine strains that express chimeric flagellins containing one of three LLO 91-99 inserts: 91-99 (normal flagellin amino acids as flanking residues); KK91-99KK (Lys-Lys flanking residues); and AAA91-99AAA (Ala-Ala-Ala flanking residues).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insulin Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes: Management of Weight Gain (2009)

The potential for insulin-related weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes presents a therapeutic dilemma and frequently leads to delays in the initiation of insulin therapy. It also poses considerable challenges when treatment is intensified. Addressing insulin-related weight gain is highly relevant to the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular consequences in this high-risk population with type 2 diabetes. In addition to lifestyle changes (eg, diet and exercise) and available medical interventions to minimize the risk of weight gain with insulin treatment, familiarity with the weight gain patterns of different insulins may help deal with this problem. The use of basal insulin analogs may offer advantages over conventional human insulin preparations in terms of more physiologic time-action profiles, reduced risk of hypoglycemia, and reduced weight gain.
The role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and V in the post-transcriptional modifications of E-cadherin (2009)

It has long been recognized that E-cadherin dysfunction is a major cause of epithelial cell invasion. However, very little is known about the post-transcriptional modifications of E-cadherin and its role in E-cadherin mediated tumor progression. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) catalyzes the formation of a bisecting GlcNAc structure in N-glycans, and has been pointed as a metastasis suppressor. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) catalyzes the addition of beta1,6 GlcNAc branching of N-glycans, and has been associated to increase metastasis. The regulatory mechanism between E-cadherin expression and the remodeling of its oligosaccharides structures by GnT-III and GnT-V were explored in this study. We have demonstrated that wild-type E-cadherin regulates MGAT3 gene transcription resulting in increased GnT-III expression. We also showed that GnT-III and GnT-V competitively modified E-cadherin N-glycans. The GnT-III knockdown cells revealed a membrane de-localization of E-cadherin leading to its cytoplasmic accumulation. Further, the GnT-III knockdown cells also caused modifications of E-cadherin N-glycans catalyzed by GnT-III and GnT-V. Altogether our results have clarified the existence of a bidirectional crosstalk between E-cadherin and GnT-III/GnT-V that was, for the first time, reproduced in an in vivo model. This study opens new insights into the post-transcriptional modifications of E-cadherin in its biological function, in a tumor context.
Radiofrequency-Induced Hypertherma in the Prostate (1982)

A high frequency radiator has been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer by hyperthermia, The applicator produces a deep seated hot spot. The radiator has an outer diameter of 20 mm and an insertable length of about 175 mm. A high frequency cylindrical slot antenna inside the applicator is cooled by water. The frequency used is 433.9 MHz, one of the frequencies allowed for medical therapy in the F.R.G. A control system regulating the power output of the radiator avoids damage to the tissue around the prostate, especially the rectum mucosa and the tissue between rectum and prostate. About 60 experiments with male dogs proved that local heating of the prostate is possible with the help of the developed applicator without any damage in the surrounding tissue.
Expression of porcine complement cytolysis inhibitor mRNA in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. Changes during differentiation in vitro. (1992)

Porcine smooth muscle cells (SMC) grown to a high density monolayer culture undergo a morphological transition in which the cells draw away from the substrate and form multicellular nodules. The cells within the nodule resemble SMC in the aortic media and in some atherosclerotic plaques. The process of nodule formation is associated with the enhanced production of a secreted 38-kDa glycoprotein. To characterize the 38-kDa protein and its expression, a cDNA clone (pc38K) was isolated by immunological screening of an expression library. The 1646-base pair cDNA contains a single open reading frame encoding 446 amino acids. This sequence shows 72% homology with the human complement cytolysis inhibitor (CLI), also called serum protein-40,40, and 68% identity with rat sulfated glycoprotein-2. Based on this homology, we refer to the protein encoded by pc38K as CLI. This polypeptide includes a potential signal sequence, seven glycosylation sites and 10 cysteines in two clusters of five each. Southern blot analysis reveals that a single copy gene encoding CLI is present in mammals and chicken. In Northern blot analysis of SMC RNA, pc38K hybridizes to a mRNA of about 1.9 kilobases that is preferentially expressed in nodular SMC. The steady state level of this mRNA increases as the cultures begin to form multilayered regions. High levels of the mRNA persist after the cells are trypsin-dissociated. Culture medium conditioned by nodular SMC also induces an increase of CLI mRNA. Analysis of RNA extracted from porcine tissues show the highest levels of CLI mRNA in brain and liver; lower levels are detected in other tissues, including the aorta. Possible functions for the CLI are discussed.
Repetitive Elements form a Cruciform Structure that Regulates the Function of the Human CD8α T Cell-specific En hancer (1995)

We previously identified a T cell-specific enhancer in the last intron of the human CD8 alpha gene that is adjacent to a sequence element that significantly represses enhancer function. This negative regulatory region consists of a half-Alu sequence that has potential to base-pair with a downstream Alu element, which is part of the fully active enhancer, to form a cruciform structure. The activity of this half-Alu silencer sequence is position and orientation-dependent, suggesting that DNA structure plays an important role in its function. Using site-directed mutational analysis and P1 nuclease mapping, we directly demonstrate that formation of a cruciform structure is required for repression of enhancer function in transient transfection assays. Finally, a P1 nuclease-sensitive site is present in the endogenous CD8 alpha gene in T cell lines providing indirect evidence that the stem-loop may form in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that Alu elements may contribute to the regulation of the CD8 alpha gene enhancer through the formation of secondary structure that disrupts enhancer function.
Fast, Easy Preparation of Biodiesel Using Microwave Heating (2006)

The preparation of biodiesel using a scientific microwave apparatus offers a fast, easy route to this valuable biofuel with advantages of a short reaction time, a low oil/methanol ratio, and an ease of operation. The methodology allows for the reaction to be run under atmospheric conditions; it is complete in a matter of a few minutes and can be performed on batch scales up to 3 kg of oil at a time. It can be utilized with new or used vegetable oil and with methanol or ethanol with a 1:6 ratio of oil/alcohol.
Constraining 3D Static Models to Seismic and Sedimentological Data: A Further Step Towards Reduction of Uncertainties (2000)

Abstract The prediction of the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties within a heterogenous reservoir is affected by significant uncertainties when based only on well information. However, integrating additional constraints such as 3D seismic data and sedimentary concepts can significantly improve the accuracy of reservoir models and help reduce uncertainties on predictions away from wells. This paper addresses these issues with an approach for 3D modelling of static reservoir properties that involves the combined use of sedimentary modelling and seismic inversion techniques. The final results are multiple 3D petrophysical models with associated uncertainties. These models are coherent with the sedimentary model and consistent with seismic amplitude data. These results may then be used as an input to uncertainty analysis on static properties such as distribution of pore volume and hydrocarbon in place. An example from a North Sea shallow-water siliciclastic reservoir is presented. This example demonstrates how integration of seismic and sedimentological can effectively influence the reservoir model both in terms of spatial distribution of reservoir properties and volumetric calculations.
Literatura: (dis)curso y (des)orden (2008)

Starting from the revision, confrontation and application of a series of data epistemological of having connoted foreign, national authors and of our own didactic experiences on the teaching of the literature through the transfer reader, we reach the conclusion that the literary speech cannot become trained as any other scientific or humanistic discipline, if it is that such a knowledge can be transmitted; since it is fundamental to inculcate the liking reader, to develop the aesthetic pleasure and to wake
Incorporation of active metal sites in MOFs via in situ generated ligand deficient metal–linker complexes (2011)

Two novel 3D MOFs, namely MOF-647A and MOF-648 (previously unknown trinodal 4-connected net), comprised of Cu ions and pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate were synthesized and characterized. A strategy for incorporating open metal sites in MOFs was investigated by utilizing an in situ generated metal-linker complex as a precursor to construct MOF-648.
Text disambiguation by finite state automata, an algorithm and experiments on corpora (1992)

Consulting a dictionary for the words of a given text provides multiple solutions, that is, ambiguities; thus, the sequence of words pilot studies could lead for example to:pilot: N singular, V infinitive, V (conjugated)studies: N plural, V (conjugated)pilot studies: N plural (compound).These informations could be organized in the form of a finite automaton such as:[see pdf for figure]The exploration of the context should provide clues that eliminate the non-relevant solutions. For this purpose we use local grammar constraints represented by finite automata. We have designed and implemented an algorithm which performs this task by using a large variety of linguistic constraints. Both the texts and the rules (or constraints) are represented in the same formalism, that is finite automata. Performing subtraction operations between text automata and constraint automata reduce the ambiguities. Experiments were performed on French texts with large scale dictionaries (one dictionary of 600.000 simple inflected forms and one dictionary of 150.000 inflected compunds). Syntactic patterns represented by automata, including shapes of compound nouns such as Noun followed by an Adjective (in gender-number agreement) (Cf 5.1), can be matched in texts.This process is thus an extension of the classic matching procedures because of the on-line dictionary consultation and because of the grammar constraints. It provides a simple and efficient indexing tool.
Corticotropin releasing hormone in colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. (1995)

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a key hormone in integrated response to stress, acting as the major regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Recently, local production of CRH has been detected in normal human colonic enterochromaffin cells. CRH is locally secreted in granulomatous and arthritic tissues in rats and humans, where it seems to act as a local proinflammatory agent. To find out if CRH is present in colonic tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis, this study examined the expression of this peptide in the large bowel of patients with ulcerative colitis. Colonic tissues of patients with ulcerative colitis obtained by endoscopic biopsy were immunostained with anti-CRH antibody. CRH messenger (m) RNA was also examined in biopsy specimens of ulcerative colitis by the reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction method and by in situ hybridisation. Considerably enhanced expression of immunoreactive CRH was found in mucosal inflammatory cells. Intense staining with anti-CRH antibody was also shown in mucosal macrophages. CRH mRNA was expressed in mucosal epithelial cells. The expression of immunoreactive CRH in colonic mucosal epithelial cells of ulcerative colitis slightly increased, but not significantly, compared with normal colonic mucosal epithelial cells. These results suggest that CRH may play a part in the modulation of intestinal immune and inflammatory system, and as a modulator in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
Biosynthesis of MUC1 mucin in human endometrial adenocarcinoma is modulated by estradiol and tamoxifen (2003)

Polymorphic epithelial mucin MUC1 is expressed by most epithelial cancers ,although free natural MUC1 antibodies are present in the circulation of healthy subjects as well as in that of cancer patients. The role of MUC1 mucin molecules in cancer cells of endometrium is not precisely known. The results reported here demonstrate that MUC1 biosynthesis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa line) is stimulated by estradiol hormone and inhibited by tamoxifen ,which was measured by [14C]threonine or [3H]glucosamine incorporation into MUC1 protein. Tamoxifen applied in combination with estradiol also inhibited this process ,but pre-incubation of cells with estradiol resulted in a decrease in the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen. Electroblotting and reactions with antibodies against MUC1 core protein epitopes confirmed the presence of MUC1 in cell lysates and culture media of Ishikawa cells. Reactions with lectins showed the presence of oligosaccharide structures demonstrating antigen-T activity and the presence of sialic acid residues. The results confirm that there is downregulation of MUC1 expression in cancer culture cells treated with selective estrogen receptor modulators ,which may be essential for reducing the migration of cancer cells and the metastatic properties of tumor cells.
Peptide Nucleic Acids with a Flexible Secondary Amine in the Backbone Maintain Oligonucleotide Binding Affinity (2004)

[structure: see text] Replacing a secondary amide in a peptide nucleic acid backbone with a more flexible secondary amine affords an oligomer that surprisingly maintains the same binding affinity to complementary oligonucleotides as the unmodified polyamide oligomer.
Role of Metabolism in Ocular Drug Delivery (2004)

Metabolism is one of the primary routes of drug elimination from the body. This process comprises of mechanisms, such as oxidation and conjugation, which lead to inactivation and/or elimination from hepatic, biliary, pulmonary, renal and ocular tissues. Enzymes involved in metabolism are expressed in various tissues of the body, liver being the primary site. Studies involving ocular tissues have demonstrated the expression of several metabolic enzymes such as esterases, peptidases, ketone reductases, and CYP-450's in these tissues. These enzymes play an important role in ocular homeostasis by preventing entry and/or eliminating xenobiotics from the ocular tissues. Scientists have targeted these enzymes in drug design and delivery through prodrug derivatization. The prodrugs undergo biotransformation to the parent drug by ocular enzymatic degradation. This review examines the distribution pattern of various metabolic enzymes in the ocular tissues, their physiological role and utility in targeted prodrug delivery.
Getting the Big Picture: Writing to Learn in a Finance Class (1995)

This paper describes a project incorporating writing-to- learn activities into an introductory finance class. Such activities use writing informally as a vehicle to promote student learning. Examination of the students' brief papers showed that students became less likely to skip theory and go to canned formulas and that they took more responsibil ity for their work. For instructors, the project was beneficial because it enabled them to tailor class presentations more precisely to students' actual comprehension of course material.