gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A peptide derived from a polyreactive monoclonal anti‐DNA natural antibody can modulate lupus development in (NZB×NZW)F1 mice (1999)

In lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 (B/W) mice, elevated levels of polyreactive autoantibodies bearing the D23 idiotype (Id), characteristic of natural antibodies, were detected before and after the appearance of pathological anti-DNA antibodies. While these D23 Id+ antibodies were able to regulate anti-DNA antibodies in the early stage of the disease, we found that during disease evolution they had lost their normal ability to regulate anti-DNA antibodies and furthermore could participate in the lupus-like syndrome. To explore further the role of the D23 Id+ antibodies, we injected young B/W mice with a peptide corresponding to the VH CDR3 region of the D23 monoclonal natural antibody (mNAb). High levels of monospecific antipeptide, as well as polyreactive antibodies, were induced. Among them, the most markedly enhanced antibody population was DNA-reactive immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Compared with controls, these immunized mice had a delayed 50% survival rate and proteinuria developed later. Furthermore, IgG1 able to react with IgG2a anti-DNA monoclonal antibodies derived from B/W mice were also produced after peptide immunization. Thus, a peptide corresponding to the CDR3 of the D23 mNAb antibody might play a role in the regulation of murine lupus.
A highly divergent microsatellite facilitating fast and accurateDRBhaplotyping in humans and rhesus macaques (2007)

The DRB region of the MHC in primate species is known to display abundant region configuration polymorphism with regard to the number and content of genes present per haplotype. Furthermore, depending on the species studied, the different DRB genes themselves may display varying degrees of allelic polymorphism. Because of this combination of diversity (differential gene number) and polymorphism (allelic variation), molecular typing methods for the primate DRB region are cumbersome. All intact DRB genes present in humans and rhesus macaques appear to possess, however, a complex and highly divergent microsatellite. Microsatellite analysis of a sizeable panel of outbred rhesus macaques, covering most of the known Mamu-DRB haplotypes, resulted in the definition of unique genotyping patterns that appear to be specific for a given haplotype. Subsequent examination of a representative panel of human cells illustrated that this approach also facilitates high-resolution HLA-DRB typing in an easy, quick, and reproducible fashion. The genetic composition of this complex microsatellite is shown to be in concordance with the phylogenetic relationships of various HLA-DRB and Mamu-DRB exon 2 gene/lineage sequences. Moreover, its length variability segregates with allelic variation of the respective gene. This simple protocol may find application in a variety of research avenues such as transplantation biology, disease association studies, molecular ecology, paternity testing, and forensic medicine.
Antithrombotic effect of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in an experimental animal model (1986)

A murine monoclonal antibody directed at the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex, which blocks platelet aggregation ex vivo, was tested for its antithrombotic effects in an established animal model of acute platelet thrombus formation in partially stenosed arteries. Infusion of 0.7 to 0.8 mg/kg of the F(ab')2 fragment of the antibody completely blocked new thrombus formation despite multiple provocations, making it the most potent antithrombotic agent tested in this model.
Neurodegeneration and functional impairments associated with glycogen synthase accumulation in a mouse model of Lafora disease (2011)

Lafora disease (LD) is caused by mutations in either the laforin or malin gene. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of polyglucosan inclusions called Lafora Bodies (LBs). Malin knockout (KO) mice present polyglucosan accumulations in several brain areas, as do patients of LD. These structures are abundant in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Here, we report a large increase in glycogen synthase (GS) in these mice, in which the enzyme accumulates in LBs. Our study focused on the hippocampus where, under physiological conditions, astrocytes and parvalbumin-positive (PV(+)) interneurons expressed GS and malin. Although LBs have been described only in neurons, we found this polyglucosan accumulation in the astrocytes of the KO mice. They also had LBs in the soma and some processes of PV(+) interneurons. This phenomenon was accompanied by the progressive loss of these neuronal cells and, importantly, neurophysiological alterations potentially related to impairment of hippocampal function. Our results emphasize the relevance of the laforin-malin complex in the control of glycogen metabolism and highlight altered glycogen accumulation as a key contributor to neurodegeneration in LD.
Reading machines for the blind:The technical problems and the methods adopted for their solution (1973)

In order to assess current efforts devoted to reading machine design, it is first necessary to develop a set of requirements for an ideal device. Direct translation aids are then seen to lack several of these desirable features, and more general, linguistically based techniques are then examined. Structural properties of English are found to be obtainable from the orthographic representation, and these abstract relations can then be used to infer structural correlates in the output speech waveform. Current knowledge is centered largely at the word level, but several correlates of higher order units have been studied and rules for their behavior have been implemented in working systems. Finally, direct assessment of speech synthesized by rule has shown that even currently available techniques can yield speech acceptable to blind users.
Organic- and Molecule-based Magnets (2002)

Magnets have captivated mankind’s imagination for centuries and in the twentieth century their development was essential for the establishment of our present high-tech society. The number, proximity, and consequently the coupling among electron spins, dictate all magnetic behaviors.
Increased free cholesterol in plasma low and very low density lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: its role in the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer. (1984)

Recombination of low and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL and LDL) from normal subjects with plasma from patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus significantly increased the reduced rate of transfer of cholesteryl ester to these lipoproteins, which is characteristic of diabetic plasma, whereas diabetic VLDL and LDL reduced cholesteryl ester transfer rates in normal plasma. VLDL and LDL from diabetic plasma had an increased ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipid compared to normal, and unlike normal VLDL and LDL spontaneously lost free cholesterol to high density lipoprotein. These data suggest that the block to cholesteryl ester transfer to these lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes is mediated by their increased free cholesterol content and may be related to the increased risk of these patients for developing atherosclerosis.
A Controlled Trial of Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Dependence (1992)

Buprenorphine was as effective as methadone, 60 mg/d, and both were superior to methadone, 20 mg/d, in reducing illicit opioid use and maintaining patients in treatment for 25 weeks.
Analysis of CD4+CD25+ Cell Population in the Thymus from Myasthenia Gravis Patients (2003)

The present study is aimed at exploring the regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in the thymus from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. In early-onset MG, the thymus is hyperplastic and contains autoreactive activated T cells. Preliminary studies indicate that these CD4(+)CD25(+) cells include activated autoreactive T cells. Studies to characterize the phenotype and suppressive capacity of these cells will be discussed.
Nanofat-derived stem cells with platelet-rich fibrin improve facial contour remodeling and skin rejuvenation after autologous structural fat transplantation (2017)

Traditional autologous fat transplantation is a common surgical procedure for treating facial soft tissue depression and skin aging. However, the transplanted fat is easily absorbed, reducing the long-term efficacy of the procedure. Here, we examined the efficacy of nanofat-assisted autologous fat structural transplantation. Nanofat-derived stem cells (NFSCs) were isolated, mechanically emulsified, cultured, and characterized. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) enhanced proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of NFSCs <i>in vitro</i>. We then compared 62 test group patients with soft tissue depression or signs of aging who underwent combined nanofat, PRF, and autologous fat structural transplantation to control patients (77 cases) who underwent traditional autologous fat transplantation. Facial soft tissue depression symptoms and skin texture were improved to a greater extent after nanofat transplants than after traditional transplants, and the nanofat group had an overall satisfaction rate above 90%. These data suggest that NFSCs function similarly to mesenchymal stem cells and share many of the biological characteristics of traditional fat stem cell cultures. Transplants that combine newly-isolated nanofat, which has a rich stromal vascular fraction (SVF), with PRF and autologous structural fat granules may therefore be a safe, highly-effective, and long-lasting method for remodeling facial contours and rejuvenating the skin.
Structure activity studies on group C meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines: effect of O-acetylation on the nature of the protective epitope. (2000)

A series of group C meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (GCMP-TT) conjugates were prepared as vaccines with varying percentages of O-acetylation at the C-7 and C-8 positions of sialic acid residues in the polysaccharide (PS). The immune response in mice was highly dependent on the degree of O-acetylation. Less O-acetylation resulted in higher serum bactericidal activity (SBA) towards the O-acetylated (OA) meningococcal strain, C11. In addition, since an unconjugated de-O-acetylated (dOA) GCMP vaccine was previously shown to be highly immunogenic in humans, we had chosen this dOA form to couple with TT by reductive amination for clinical evaluation. This conjugate vaccine was shown to be well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults, children, and infants in the UK. To understand the nature of the GCMP protective epitope, a series of spectroscopic and serological studies were conducted, using high resolution H-NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz and competitive inhibition SBA assays. The dOA GCMP was 10-1000 times better at inhibiting the SBA for an OA strain than the OA GCMP, suggesting that the GCMP-based protective epitope on the bacterium exists in a dOA form. In addition, SBA for an OA strain is highly correlated with dOA GCMP-specific IgG. NMR data on freshly isolated GCMP indicated that, on the surface of the organism, most of the O-acetylation exists at position C-8, with some regions containing dOA or OA C-7 sialic acid. After extraction of PS and storage in solution, most of the O-acetyl groups migrate to C-7, leaving an epitope that is conformationally related, but not quite identical (due to the presence of the O-acetyl group), to the one contained in the dOA PS. We speculate that the role of the O-acetyl group at the C-8 position of the PS on the organism is to form less immunogenic epitopes, or mask the protective epitope, and thus escape immune surveillance. The dOA form of the vaccine may therefore provide better protection against group C meningococcal disease than the OA form by eliciting a greater proportion of functional antibodies that are directly aimed at the protective epitope.
Biochemical Characterization of Interactions between DNA Polymerase and Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein in Bacteriophage RB69 (2003)

The organization and proper assembly of proteins to the primer-template junction during DNA replication is essential for accurate and processive DNA synthesis. DNA replication in RB69 (a T4-like bacteriophage) is similar to those of eukaryotes and archaea and has been a prototype for studies on DNA replication and assembly of the functional replisome. To examine protein-protein interactions at the DNA replication fork, we have established solution conditions for the formation of a discrete and homogeneous complex of RB69 DNA polymerase (gp43), primer-template DNA, and RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (gp32) using equilibrium fluorescence and light scattering. We have characterized the interaction between DNA polymerase and single-stranded DNA-binding protein and measured a 60-fold increase in the overall affinity of RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) for template strand DNA in the presence of DNA polymerase that is the result of specific protein-protein interactions. Our data further suggest that the cooperative binding of the RB69 DNA polymerase and SSB to the primer-template junction is a simple but functionally important means of regulatory assembly of replication proteins at the site of action. We have also shown that a functional domain of RB69 single-stranded DNA-binding protein suggested previously to be the site of RB69 DNA polymerase-SSB interactions is dispensable. The data from these studies have been used to model the RB69 DNA polymerase-SSB interaction at the primer-template junction.
Transport Protein Genes in the Murine MHC: Possible Implications for Antigen Processing (1990)

T lymphocyte activation requires recognition by the T cell of peptide fragments of foreign antigen bound to a self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. Genetic evidence suggests that part of the class II region of the MHC influences the expression, in trans, of MHC class I antigens on the cell surface, by regulating the availability of peptides that bind to and stabilize the class I molecule. Two closely related genes in this region, HAM1 and HAM2, were cloned and had sequence similarities to a superfamily of genes involved in the ATP-dependent transport of a variety of substrates across cell membranes. Thus, these MHC-linked transport protein genes may be involved in transporting antigen, or peptide fragments thereof, from the cytoplasm into a membrane-bounded compartment containing newly synthesized MHC molecules.
Cone beam computerized tomography: the effect of calibration of the Hounsfield unit number to electron density on dose calculation accuracy for adaptive radiation therapy (2009)

The availability of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images at the time of treatment has opened possibilities for dose calculations representing the delivered dose for adaptive radiation therapy. A significant component in the accuracy of dose calculation is the calibration of the Hounsfield unit (HU) number to electron density (ED). The aim of this work is to assess the impact of HU to ED calibration phantom insert composition and phantom volume on dose calculation accuracy for CBCT. CBCT HU to ED calibration curves for different commercial phantoms were measured and compared. The effect of the scattering volume of the phantom on the HU to ED calibration was examined as a function of phantom length and radial diameter. The resulting calibration curves were used at the treatment planning system to calculate doses for geometrically simple phantoms and a pelvic anatomical phantom to compare against measured doses. Three-dimensional dose distributions for the pelvis phantom were calculated using the HU to ED curves and compared using Chi comparisons. The HU to ED calibration curves for the commercial phantoms diverge at densities greater than that of water, depending on the elemental composition of the phantom insert. The effect of adding scatter material longitudinally, increasing the phantom length from 5 cm to 26 cm, was found to be up to 260 HU numbers for the high-density insert. The change in the HU value, by increasing the diameter of the phantom from 18 to 40 cm, was found to be up to 1200 HU for the high-density insert. The effect of phantom diameter on the HU to ED curve can lead to dose differences for 6 MV and 18 MV x-rays under bone inhomogeneities of up to 20% in extreme cases. These results show significant dosimetric differences when using a calibration phantom with materials which are not tissue equivalent. More importantly, the amount of scattering material used with the HU to ED calibration phantom has a significant effect on the dosimetric accuracy, particularly in the radial direction.
On secure and resilient telesurgery communications over unreliable networks (2011)

Telesurgical Robot Systems (TRSs) address mission critical operations emerging in extreme fields such as battlefields, underwater, and disaster territories. The lack of wirelined communication infrastructure in such fields makes the use of wireless technologies including satellite and ad-hoc networks inevitable. TRSs over wireless environments pose unique challenges such as preserving a certain reliability threshold, adhering some maximum tolerable delay, and providing various security measures depending on the nature of the operation and communication environment. In this study we present a novel approach that uses information coding to integrate both light-weight privacy and adaptive reliability in a single protocol called Secure and Statistically Reliable UDP (SSR-UDP). We prove that the offered security is equivalent to the existing AES-based long key crypto systems, yet, with significantly less computational overhead. Additionally, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme can meet high reliability and delay requirements of TRS applications in highly lossy environments while optimizing the bandwidth use. Our proposed SSR-UDP protocol can also be utilized in other similar cyber-physical wireless application domains.
Research surveys of electrochemical sensors for in-situ determining hydrogen in steels (2000)

The principle, construction and application of two types of electrochemical sensors-amperometric and potentiometric are surveyed. Both types of sensors are very sensitive to changes in temperature. The accuracy of hydrogen measurement depends on both the precision of sensors developed and the reliable technique of installation and security of sensors. The two types of sensors have been used for in-situ determining hydrogen permeated in steels owing to a corrosive reaction, a hydrogen gas circumstance at elevated temperatures and high pressure or also a pretreatment process such as pickling and plating process, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some cis‐Dioxomolybdenum Complexes and Their Use in the Epoxidation of Olefins. (1989)

Abstract The title complexes are synthesized by equimolar reaction of MoO2(acac)2 with condensation products of amines and acetylacetone or salicylaldehyde in refluxing ethanol and characterized by IR spectral data.
Extending the MPI Specification for Process Fault Tolerance on High Performance Computing Systems (2004)

End-users and application developers of high performance computing systems have today access to larger machines and more processors than ever. Systems such as the Earth Simulator, the ASCI-Q machines or the IBM Blue Gene consist of thousands or even tens of thousand of processors. Machines comprising 100,000 processors are expected for the next years. A critical issue of systems consisting of such large numbers of processors is the ability of the machine to deal with process failures. Concluding from the current experiences on the top-end machines, a 100,000-processor machine will experience a process failure every few minutes[1]. While on earlier massively parallel processing systems (MPPs) crashing nodes often lead to a crash of the whole system, current architectures are more robust. Typically, the applications utilizing the failed processor will have to abort, the machine, as an entity is however not affected by the failure. This robustness has been the result of improvements at the hardware as well as on the level of system software. 1.2 Current Parallel Programming Paradigms Current parallel programming paradigms for high-performance computing systems are mainly relying on message passing, especially on the Message-Passing Interface (MPI) [12][13]
Recent Advances in Small Molecule Microarrays: Applications and Technology (2004)

The field of Small Molecule Microarray's (SMM's) is an ever-expanding part of the larger microarray field. SMM's are array based detection systems that use small molecules as probes immobilized on a variety of microarray surfaces that are screened against a number of targets for purposes including, but not limited to, protein-small molecule ligand recognition and protein function profiling. This review covers the recent advances in the field with particular emphasis on the successful applications of SMM's, as well as technical advances in platform optimization and novel small molecule immobilization strategies.
Efficacy and Safety of Blue-light Scleral Cross-linking (2008)

Scleral cross-linking with riboflavin and blue light (465 nm) has a stiffening effect on the sclera without histological tissue damage to the retina.
Frequent up-regulation of WNT5A mRNA in primary gastric cancer (2002)

WNT signal is transduced to the beta-catenin - TCF pathway, the JNK pathway, or the Ca2+-releasing pathway through seven-transmembrane-type WNT receptors encoded by Frizzled genes (FZD1-FZD10). We have previously cloned and characterized human WNT2B/WNT13, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT8B, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, WNT14, and WNT14B/WNT15 by using bioinformatics, cDNA-library screening, and cDNA-PCR. Here, we investigated expression of human WNT5A mRNA in various normal tissues, 66 primary tumors derived from various tissues, and 15 human cancer cell lines. WNT5A mRNA was relatively highly expressed in salivary gland, bladder, uterus, placenta, and fetal kidney. Up-regulation of WNT5A mRNA was detected in 5 out of 8 cases of primary gastric cancer, 5 out of 18 cases of primary colorectal tumors, and in 2 out of 7 cases of primary uterus tumors by using matched tumor/normal expression array analysis. Up-regulation of WNT5A mRNA was also detected in 7 out of 10 other cases of primary gastric cancer by using cDNA-PCR. Although low-level expression of WNT5A mRNA was detected in gastric cancer cell line MKN45, WNT5A mRNA was almost undetectable in gastric cancer cell lines OKAJIMA, TMK1, MKN7, MKN28, MKN74, and KATO-III. Compared with frequent up-regulation of WNT5A mRNA in primary gastric cancer, expression levels of WNT5A mRNA in 7 gastric cancer cell lines were significantly lower than that in normal stomach. Frequent up-regulation of WNT5A mRNA in human primary gastric cancer might be due to cancer-stromal interaction.