gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of Duopath Legionella lateral flow assay against the conventional culture method using Legionella pneumophila and Legionella anisa strains. (2007)

Duopath Legionella is a new immunochromatographic assay for the identification of Legionella pneumophila and Legionella spp. As excellent specificity has been previously reported for this kit, we attempted an evaluation of its sensitivity using L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and Legionella anisa strains. Bacterial suspensions of L. pneumophila at concentrations of 1.2 x 10(8) cfu/ml and 1.2 x 10(7) cfu/ml were detected, but those below 1.2 x 10(6) cfu/ml were not recognized by the Duopath kit. After centrifugation and the sediment resuspension, a 2.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml concentration of bacterial suspension showed a positive result, but negative results were obtained below 2.8 x 10(6) cfu/ml. Also, bacterial suspension with concentrations of 3.2 x 10(9) cfu/ml and 1.4 x 10(9) cfu/ml after centrifugation of L.anisa were detected, but those below 3.2 x 10(8) cfu/ml and 1.4 x 10(8) cfu/ml after centrifugation were not recognized by the Duopath kit. Meanwhile, this kit was less sensitive to the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 suspension, and was more sensitive to the L. pneumophila serogroup 2 and L.anisa than the Binax NOW immunochromatographic kit. It was realized that the sensitivity of this kit is too low for determining the presence of Legionella in water samples. Although this kit may have excellent specificity, it has low sensitivity.
Effect of oils, soap and hardness on the stability of foams (2004)

A systematic study of foam stability in the presence of model nonpolar oils and their mixtures with oleic acid was conducted for two commonly used surfactants (anionic and nonionic) under neutral and alkaline conditions with different amounts of dissolved calcium. In some cases insoluble calcium soap or microemulsions formed in situ. Measurements of the rate of collapse of a foam column were supplemented by microscopic observations of individual foam and "pseudoemulsion" films and by measurement of equilibrium and dynamic surface and interfacial tensions.\nIn the absence of calcium soap use of equilibrium values of conventional entry E, spreading S, and bridging B coefficients was adequate to explain the effect of oils on stability of foams containing the nonionic surfactant. For the anionic surfactant E must be modified to account for electrostatic repulsion in the pseudoemulsion film. Calcium soap particles at the oil-water interface facilitate entry of oil drops and the associated bridging of foam films or Plateau borders, producing a substantial antifoam effect.\tWhen this synergistic effect occurs, conventional values of E govern oil entry. In some cases for oils that were mixtures of triolein and oleic acid foam is unstable during foam formation and initial foam drainage but stable at later times, behavior which is explained by calculating transient values of E, S, and B.\nAddition of n-dodecanol produced significant stabilization of foams of the anionic surfactant containing dispersed oil drops both when calcium soap was present and when high levels of calcium had destabilized the foam at neutral pH. ESB theory proved useful in predicting this effect. An amine oxide surfactant was less effective as a foam booster.\nIn the absence of oil, calcium soap particles can destabilize foams of both surfactants. A model for predicting the precipitation boundary including the enhancement of calcium content in the electrical double layers of surfactant micelles yielded results in agreement with experiment. Foam was less stable while precipitation was occurring (hours) than at equilibrium, perhaps because calcium oleate, which initially formed at the interfaces, was extracted as oleate concentration decreased to its equilibrium value.
Reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives by tetrahydroborate(1-) ion in acidic dimethyl sulfoxide (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of carboxylic acid derivatives by tetrahydroborate(1-) ion in acidic dimethyl sulfoxideSteven R. Wann, Peter T. Thorsen, and Maurice M. KreevoyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 12, 2579–2581Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00325a029Request reuse permissionsArticle Views2816Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (434 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tn5 transposase and tagmentation procedures for massively scaled sequencing projects (2014)

Massively parallel DNA sequencing of thousands of samples in a single machine-run is now possible, but the preparation of the individual sequencing libraries is expensive and time-consuming. Tagmentation-based library construction, using the Tn5 transposase, is efficient for generating sequencing libraries but currently relies on undisclosed reagents, which severely limits development of novel applications and the execution of large-scale projects. Here, we present simple and robust procedures for Tn5 transposase production and optimized reaction conditions for tagmentation-based sequencing library construction. We further show how molecular crowding agents both modulate library lengths and enable efficient tagmentation from subpicogram amounts of cDNA. The comparison of single-cell RNA-sequencing libraries generated using produced and commercial Tn5 demonstrated equal performances in terms of gene detection and library characteristics. Finally, because naked Tn5 can be annealed to any oligonucleotide of choice, for example, molecular barcodes in single-cell assays or methylated oligonucleotides for bisulfite sequencing, custom Tn5 production and tagmentation enable innovation in sequencing-based applications.
Culture and sexual behavior. (1995)

The effectiveness of many HIV prevention efforts, particularly those targeted at women, are often hampered by ignorance of cultural realities of sexual behaviors. In a recent study of unmarried Latino adults living in the United States, researchers began to explore these different factors. Predictors of condom use in this population included: socialization of sexuality, interpersonal power within relationships, and gender norms. The study, a telephone survey, found a pervasive sexual silence, especially among women. More than half reported that their mothers had never spoken to them about sex when they were younger. The survey also attempted to measure the experiences that could be considered coercive within the context of sex. The researchers found that successful interventions depend on abilities to educate beyond knowledge, counsel clients beyond risk assessment, and study sexual behavior beyond mere prevalence.
Escherichia coli Resistant to Fluoroquinolones in Patients with Cancer and Neutropenia (1994)

To the Editor: Fluoroquinolones have been shown to decrease the frequency of gram-negative infections in patients with neutropenia1,2. Although fluoroquinolone-resistant mutations seem to occur at low rates in Enterobacteriaceae,3 overuse of these antibiotics may result in the emergence of resistant organisms4. We report the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia in patients with cancer and neutropenia. In trials performed between 1983 and 1993 by the International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the proportion of patients with cancer and neutropenia who received prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones increased from 1.4 percent . . .
Efficient silicon-on-insulator fiber coupler fabricated using 248-nm-deep UV lithography (2005)

We present a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide to fiber coupler fabricated using 248-nm-deep ultraviolet lithography. The loss of the taper structure is around 1 dB while the coupling loss from a lensed fiber into a 590-nm-wide SOI waveguide was measured to be 1.9 dB.
PNA-peptide conjugates as intracellular gene control agents (2008)

Serum-stabilized PNA-internalization peptides (Pip) conjugated to PNA complementary to the 705 aberrant beta-globin splice site are able to correct splicing and increase luciferase production in Hela pLuc705 cells with sub microM EC(50) in the absence of a transfection agent. Inhibition of microRNA-122 in liver cells is achieved by treatment with complementary PNA containing just a few attached Lys residues, again without need of a transfection agent.
The Species Mycobacterium africanum in the Light of New Molecular Markers (2004)

The findings of recent studies addressing the molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates have initiated a discussion on the classification of M. africanum, especially of those isolates originating from East Africa (cluster F, subtype II) and displaying phenotypic and biochemical characteristics more similar to those of M. tuberculosis. To further address this question, we analyzed a representative collection of 63 M. tuberculosis complex strains comprising 30 M. africanum subtype I strains, 20 M. africanum subtype II strains, 10 randomly chosen M. tuberculosis isolates, and type strains of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. africanum for the following biochemical and molecular characteristics: single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gyrB and narGHJI and the presence or absence of RD1, RD9, and RD12. For all molecular markers analyzed, subtype II strains were identical to the M. tuberculosis strains tested. In contrast, the subtype I strains as well as the M. africanum type strain showed unique combinations of SNPs in gyrB and genomic deletions (the absence of RD9 and the presence of RD12), which proves their independence from M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Accordingly, all subtype I strains displayed main biochemical characteristics included in the original species description of M. africanum. We conclude that the isolates from West Africa were proved to be M. africanum with respect to the phenotypic and genetic markers analyzed, while the isolates from East Africa must be regarded as phenotypic variants of M. tuberculosis (genotype Uganda). We propose the addition of the molecular characteristics defined here to the species description of M. africanum, which will allow clearer species differentiation in the future.
14. Peripheral Vascular Disease (1956)

Abstract This chapter assesses peripheral vascular disease. It begins with acute limbic ischaemia; chronic upper limb ischaemia; chronic lower limb ischaemia; intermittent claudication; and critical limb ischaemia. The chapter then turns to aneurysms; ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm; vascular developmental abnormalities; carotid disease; vasospastic disorders; varicose veins; deep venous thrombosis; and thrombolysis. It also considers the diabetic foot and amputations, as well as complications in vascular surgery. Complications may occur in the perioperative, early, or late post-operative periods. In general, vascular patients are older and have increased cardiac, cerebral, pulmonary, and renal comorbidities. This is due to the associated risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, and smoking.
An Optically Switched Laser(OSL) Head For Optical Recording (1989)

A flying type optical head on an air bearing slider is proposed for phase-change recording media. Data signals are detected as light output switched by the light reflected back from the medium. The head consists of a beam-converging laser diode and a photodetector. The full widths at the half-maximum of the near field pattern of the laser diode are 0.8 &mu;m and 1 &mu;m. This paper clarifies the head signal detection mechanism. Signal amplitude variation due to the flying height change is reduced to less than 30% and signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently increased by decreasing the reflectivity of the laser facet facing the medium to less than 5%. Furthermore, OSL head track error signal using the sampled servo method is successfully detected.
Actual status of antiinterleukin-1 therapies in rheumatic diseases (2010)

Owing to the observation that IL-1 is not only involved in signaling processes resulting in autoimmune and crystal-induced joint destruction but also in several hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes, its value both in pathophysiology as well as for novel advances in medication has significantly improved in the past years leading to an enrichment of the current therapeutic armamentarium for the affected patients.
Outcome of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (2002)

This retrospective study describes the clinical course of 38 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). There were 25 males and 13 females who were the mean age of 68.3 +/- 11.5 years. Twenty patients were on corticosteroids at the time of admission to the hospital, and 24 had been on home oxygen therapy. The most common reason for ICU admission was respiratory failure. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III-predicted ICU and hospital mortality rates were 12% and 26%, whereas the actual ICU and hospital mortality rates were 45% and 61%, respectively. We did not find significant differences in pulmonary function or echocardiogram findings between survivors and nonsurvivors. Mechanical ventilation was used in 19 patients (50%). Sepsis developed in nine patients. Multiple organ failure developed in 14% of the survivors and in 43% of the nonsurvivors (p = 0.14). Ninety-two percent of the hospital survivors died at a median of 2 months after discharge. These findings suggest that patients with IPF admitted to the ICU have poor short- and long-term prognosis. Patients with IPF and their families should be informed about the overall outlook when they make decisions about life support and ICU care.
Characterization of Novel Ligands of ERα, Erβ, and PPARγ: The Case of Halogenated Bisphenol A and Their Conjugated Metabolites (2011)

The capability of the flame retardants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) to activate peroxysome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β, and γ and estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β has been recently investigated, but the activity of their biotransformation products and of their lower molecular weight analogues formed in the environment remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of halogenation of BPA analogues and their affinity and activity towards human PPARγ and ERs and to characterize active metabolites of major marketed halogenated bisphenols. The biological activity of all compounds was studied using reporter cell lines expressing these nuclear receptors (NRs). We used NR-based affinity columns to rapidly evaluate the binding affinity of halogenated bisphenols for PPARγ and ERs and to trap active metabolites of TBBPA and TCBPA formed in HepG2 cells. The agonistic potential of BPA analogs highly depends on their halogenation degree: the bulkier halogenated BPA analogs, the greater their capability to activate PPARγ. In addition, PPARγ-based affinity column, HGELN-PPARγ reporter cell line and crystallographic analysis clearly demonstrate that the sulfation pathway, usually considered as a detoxification process, leads for TBBPA and TCBPA, to the formation of sulfate conjugates which possess a residual PPARγ-binding activity. Our results highlight the effectiveness NR-based affinity columns to trap and characterize biologically active compounds from complex matrices. Polyhalogenated bisphenols, but also some of their metabolites, are potential disrupters of PPARγ activity.
A common variant in the glucokinase regulatory gene rs780094 and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta‐analysis (2014)

Our meta-analysis provides evidence of significant association between GCKR rs780094 and risk of NAFLD. Similar effect size was demonstrated in both Asian and non-Asian populations.
Construction of poliovirus intertypic recombinants by use of cDNA (1986)

We investigated the use of infectious cDNA for the production of poliovirus type 1-type 3 recombinants. One such recombinant virus was produced, but a second construct involving the transfer of part of the capsid protein region was not infectious. Our results suggest that the approach may prove valuable but that not all cDNA constructs will give rise to viable viruses.
Identification of a Plant Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Involved in Hormonal Signaling (2003)

Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a signal in plants. An Arabidopsis mutant (Atnos1) was identified that had impaired NO production, organ growth, and abscisic acid-induced stomatal movements. Expression of AtNOS1 with a viral promoter in Atnos1 mutant plants resulted in overproduction of NO. Purified AtNOS1 protein used the substrates arginine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and was activated by Ca2+ and calmodulin-like mammalian endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, yet it is a distinct enzyme with no sequence similarities to any mammalian isoform. Thus, AtNOS1 encodes a distinct nitric oxide synthase that regulates growth and hormonal signaling in plants.
The Design of a System for Distributing Shared Objects (1991)

The primary motivation for the work described in this paper is the design of a platform for building applications that are intended for use by a group of people. The paper introduces the requirements for applications in which people use workstations on a local area network to share information and to communicate with one another. The paper discusses how we addressed these requirements in the context of three sample applications – a departmental database, a room-booking program and a shared spreadsheet.
DGAT1 inhibitors as anti-obesity and anti-diabetic agents. (2010)

Since 2008, significant advances have been made in understanding the role of diacylglycerol acyl transferase-1 (DGAT1) in disease states such as diabetes and obesity. Gene deletion and overexpression studies have provided important new insights into the function of DGAT1, as have the first reports from preclinical models of small-molecule inhibitor effects, which are discussed in this review in relation to the phenotypes of DGAT knockout and overexpression models. The progress of medicinal chemistry efforts has resulted in a new generation of DGAT1 inhibitors that have progressed into clinical development, with the leading compound LCQ-908 (Novartis AG) now in phase II clinical trials. This exciting progress has led researchers to anticipate that an understanding of the human pharmacology of DGAT1 inhibitors, as well as their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, will be achieved in the next few years.
Role of alanine-valine transaminase in Salmonella typhimurium and analysis of an avtA::Tn5 mutant (1983)

In Salmonella typhimurium, as in Escherichia coli, mutations in avtA, the gene encoding the alanine-valine transaminase (transaminase C), are silent unless they are combined with mutations involved in isoleucine-valine biosynthesis. avtA is repressed by leucine or alanine but not by valine. Transaminase C is found at reduced levels upon starvation for any one of several amino acids. We hypothesize that this is due to repression of avtA by the elevated alanine and leucine pools found in amino acid-starved cells.
Investigation of the Conduction Mechanisms of Lithium Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Electrical Conductivity and Diffusion Coefficient Using NMR (2001)

Conduction mechanisms of the polymer gel electrolytes of lithium were investigated from the electrical conductivity and diffusion coefficient by pulsed gradient spin echo NMR. The gel electrolytes prepared by the phase inversion method showed characteristic features in conductivity depending on the kind of the nonsolvent used during the polymer preparation process. This is first due to the solution content retained in the polymer. The diffusion coefficients of some gels were composed of two components which are attributed to the two phases: the trapped solution in the cavities in the polymer framework structure and the swollen polymer chains. The swollen polymer is closely correlated with the high conductivity of this type of gel electrolyte through the interactive effect between the electrolyte and the polymer chains.
C1-esterase inhibitor infusion increases survival rates for patients with sepsis* (2011)

In the present study, patients in the lowest quartile of C1-esterase inhibitor activity in combination with high C-reactive protein demonstrated a higher risk of developing severe sepsis. In general, high-dose C1-esterase inhibitor infusion down-regulated the systemic inflammatory response and was associated with improved survival rates in sepsis patients, which could have important treatment and survival implications for individuals with C1-esterase inhibitor functional deficiency.
Colloids in Biology and Medicine. (1919)

This is a lucid account of colloidal chemistry and its application in medical biology. The author reviews the fundamentals of colloids, the physical phenomena peculiar to this field, and the methods of colloidal research. The biocolloid carbohydrates, proteins, other food products and condiments, enzymes, and immunity reactions are considered especially with regard to the colloidal properties manifested, and the bearing of these on vital and on in vitro activities. That portion of the text dealing with the organism as a colloid system presents the colloid reactions concerned with the distribution of water in normal and diseased tissues. Fischer's theory of edema is discussed fully. There follows a similar discussion of salt distribution, assimilation and dissimilation —processes involving the conversion of crystalloid foodstuff into colloids which may be retained for use. Growth, the formation of layered structures, ossification, and certain pathologic changes are given a colloidal chemical basis. The colloidal chemistry
An additional breakpoint region in the BCL-1 locus associated with the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation of B-lymphocytic malignancy (1989)

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is associated with human B- lymphocytic malignancy. This translocation divides the IgH locus on chromosome 14q32 and may activate a postulated proto-oncogene, bcl–1, located on chromosome 11q13. Two samples of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with the t(11;14)(q32;q13) translocation were studied. The break in one sample was shown to join Jh sequences with the previously described bcl–1 major translocation cluster. DNA blots of the second sample suggested that Jh sequences were joined to a different breakpoint region on chromosome 11. This translocation was cloned and found to link the human Jh3 region and a new breakpoint region 63 kb telomeric of the major translocation cluster. This translocation occurred in part as the result of an aberrant D-J recombination. Recurrent translocations human B-lymphocytic malignancy. The definition of a new breakpoint region may aid the identification of the postulated bcl–1 gene.