gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AKIN10 and FUSCA3 interact to control lateral organ development and phase transitions in Arabidopsis (2011)

The Snf1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1)/AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/SnRK1 (Snf1-related protein kinase 1) kinases act as sensors of energy status in eukaryotes. Despite the important role of these kinases in regulation of cellular responses to metabolic stress, only a few SnRK1 substrates have been identified. Using yeast two-hybrid screens, we isolated AKIN10 as an interactor of the B3-domain transcription factor FUSCA3 (FUS3), an essential regulator of seed maturation in Arabidopsis. Pull-down and bi-molecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirm the interaction in vitro and in planta, respectively. In-gel kinase assays show that AKIN10 phosphorylates FUS3 and that the N-terminal domain of FUS3 is required for AKIN10 phosphorylation. Mutations of three serines (fus3(S55A/S56A/S57A) ) within a partial SnRK1 consensus sequence in the N-terminal region of FUS3 reduce greatly FUS3 phosphorylation by AKIN10, which indicates that these serines are the predominant AKIN10 target sites. In a cell-free system, AKIN10 positively regulates FUS3 stability, as overexpression of AKIN10 delayed the degradation of the recombinant FUS3. Plants over-expressing AKIN10 show delayed seed germination, vegetative growth and flowering time, indicating that AKIN10 antagonizes the embryonic-to-vegetative and vegetative-to-reproductive phase transitions. Furthermore, overexpression of AKIN10 alters cotyledon, silique and floral organ development, suggesting that AKIN10 regulates lateral organ development. Genetic interaction studies show that the fus3-3 mutation partially rescues the phase transition and organ development defects caused by AKIN10 overexpression. Taken together, these findings indicate that FUS3 and AKIN10 interact physically and share overlapping pathways to regulate developmental phase transitions and organogenesis in Arabidopsis.
A feasible low-power augmented-reality terminal (2003)

This paper studies the requirements for a truly wearable augmented-reality (AR) terminal. The requirements translate into a generic hardware architecture consisting of programmable modules communicating through a central interconnect. Careful selection of low-power components shows that it is feasible to construct an AR terminal that weighs about 2 kg and roughly dissipates 26 W. With state-of-the-art batteries and a 50% average resource utilization, the terminal can operate for about 10 hours.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Substituted Benzoxazinones Bearing a Bulky Group at Position‐2. (1989)

Abstract The title compounds (III) are synthesized in order to study the stability of the benzoxazinone nucleus in the presence of bulky C‐2 substituents.
Efficient and Selective Cleavage of Silyl Ethers with Antimony Trichloride (2005)

An efficient method for selective cleavage of silyl ethers mediated by SbCl3 in the presence of a number of function groups was described and the primary silyl ethers were hydrolized in the presence of the secondary ethers. The desilyl reaction took much longer time in dry solution than in wet. Keywords: desilylation, protecting groups, antimony, silyl ethers, catalysis, Hydrolyses
Highly conformal film growth by chemical vapor deposition. I. A conformal zone diagram based on kinetics (2009)

The authors present a unified description of conformal film growth in recessed features by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. Experimental data on step coverage and growth rate are interpreted in terms of a kinetic model for the elementary surface processes. This model is combined with the continuity equation for gas transport and consumption to predict the values of the precursor pressure and substrate temperature (p,T) that are necessary for conformal coverage to occur for a given precursor. They introduce a conformal zone diagram that considers the gas phase limitations (maximum precursor pressure and onset of secondary reactions), the surface limitations (minimum reaction temperature, precursor adsorption and desorption rates, and film growth rate), and the aspect ratio of the feature to be coated; the allowed intersection between the resulting boundaries defines the (p,T) zone for conformal growth. Sufficient precursor pressure is identified as a major requirement for conformal film growth, one that is not met by many commercially available molecules. Finally, they derive an approximate analytical solution to the inverse problem: what are the experimental conditions necessary to afford a desired degree of step coverage on a given aspect ratio feature at a desired growth rate. The solution depends on a set of rate constants in the kinetic model that can be extracted from measurements of the film growth rate as a function of precursor pressure and substrate temperature on trench or planar substrates.
A survey of Col plasmids in natural isolates of Escherichia coli and an investigation into the stability of Col-plasmid lineages (1992)

A survey of colicins in the ECOR reference collection of Escherichia coli is presented. Twenty-five of the 72 ECOR strains exhibited a phenotype consistent with colicin production and E. coli isolated from human hosts were more likely to be colicinogenic than those from animal hosts. Multiple representatives of two Col plasmids, low-molecular-mass ColE1 plasmids and high-molecular-mass, conjugative ColIa plasmids were isolated from the ECOR collection and were examined with a combination of restriction fragment and Southern analysis. These data suggested that ColE1 plasmids comprise a stable (cohesive) plasmid lineage, while ColIa plasmids represent a family of distinct plasmid lineages united by the presence of the colicin Ia operon.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinomas by Aspiration Biopsy-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ABRP). A Report of Two Cases. (2000)

A preoperative molecular-based diagnostic technique for thyroid papillary and anaplastic carcinomas was recently developed to detect oncofetal fibronectin (onfFN) messenger RNA (mRNA) in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We report two cases of thyroid tumors, in which cytological diagnosis was not successful but in which RT-PCR analysis provided information that helped to identify the biological features of the tumors. One case could not be diagnosed by aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) because of poor fixation; however, RT-PCR did detect the expression of onfFN mRNA, which suggested the existence of papillary carcinoma cells. After surgery, this tumor was diagnosed as a papillary carcinoma by histological examination. The other case was diagnosed as a papillary carcinoma by ABC, but onfFN mRNA was not detected in the FNAB by RT-PCR. The neoplasm was diagnosed as a follicular tumor by histological examination. These cases suggest the benefits of combining both genetic and cytological approaches to the examination of FNAB.
Some chemical and analytical aspects of polysaccharide modifications. III. Formation of branched-chain, soluble chitosan derivatives (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome chemical and analytical aspects of polysaccharide modifications. III. Formation of branched-chain, soluble chitosan derivativesMansur Yalpani and Laurance D. HallCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 3, 272–281Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00133a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00133a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2425Altmetric-Citations267LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gd‐Labeled Microparticles in MRI: In vivo Imaging of Microparticles After Intraperitoneal Injection (2010)

To visualize the biodistribution of porous silica microparticles in vivo, known ligands are used to immobilize gadolinium in the pores for use as MRI contrast agents. MRI studies with rodents show that a fraction of the microparticles administered by intraperitoneal injection passed through the kidneys by an unknown mechanism and are, surprisingly, excreted via the urine. Analysis of the urine with SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy corroborated the MRI results. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NMR Structure of an Antisense DNA·RNA Hybrid Duplex Containing a 3‘-CH2N(CH3)-O-5‘ or an MMI Backbone Linker (1999)

The solution structure of an antisense DNA.RNA hybrid duplex, d(CGCGTT-MMI-TTGCGC).r(GCGCAAAACGCG) (designated R4), containing an MMI backbone linker [3'-CH(2)N(CH(3))-O5'], is elucidated. The structural details of the MMI linker, its structural effects on the neighboring residues, and the molecular basis of the MMI effects are examined. The lipophilic N-methyl group of MMI is peripheral to the helix, assuming a conformation that is most stable with regard to the N-O torsion angle. The MMI linker promotes a 3'-endo conformation for the sugar moieties at both 3'- and 5'-adjacent positions and a backbone kink involving distant residues along the 3'-direction. Comparison of R4 with other analogous hybrid duplexes previously studied in this laboratory reveals a new family of low-energy helical conformations that can be accommodated in stable duplexes and a common feature of C3'-modified sugars for adopting a C3'-endo pucker. The results of these studies emphasize the interplay of several factors that govern the formation of stable hybrid duplexes and provide a basis for the understanding of the biological role of the MMI modifications, which are important building blocks for a family of promising chimeric antisense oligonucleotides.
Induction of interleukin 6 by ionizing radiation in a human epithelial cell line: control by corticosteroids (1997)

The cutaneous radiation syndrome after therapeutic or accidental exposure of human skin to ionizing radiation (IR) is accompanied by inflammatory processes which are controlled partly by proinflammatory cytokines. Besides tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)1, the pluripotent cytokine IL-6 belongs to the key mediators of inflammation. So far, there are no reports about the regulation of IL-6 by IR in epidermal cells. As an in vitro model to study the effects of IR on IL-6 gene expression, we treated the human epithelial HeLa cell line with different single X-ray doses between 1 and 20 Gy. Twenty-four hours after irradiation the IL-6 secretion was dose-dependently enhanced as measured by ELISA. At the transcriptional level, a slight increase of IL-6 transcripts was already detectable 1 h after irradiation, with maximum levels at 2 h, and a decline to baseline levels between 8 and 24 h. Addition of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D inhibited the inducibility of IL-6 mRNA by TPA and IR. As the IL-6 promoter contains multiple binding sites for activated glucocorticoid receptors within the 5 regulatory region, the potential modulation of IL-6 expression by the corticosteroids hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and mometasone furoate was included in our study to modify the radiationinduced stress response. All corticosteroids applied could efficiently downregulate TPA- or radiation-induced IL-6 expression on both gene expression and protein levels. Mometasone furoate, followed by dexamethasone, was found to be most effective at low concentrations (1 nm), whereas hydrocortisone had to be applied at about 100-fold higher concentrations to achieve comparable inhibition. This experimental model is aimed at understanding the molecular circuits following IR, and thus to provide a basis for the treatment of radiation effects in skin.
Towards Automatic Identification of Activity Modes in Electricity Consumption Data for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (2014)

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have a large share of the total electricity consumption in most countries and the efficiency of energy reduction efforts for SMEs by energy counselors depend on means for automatically identifying which SMEs are good candidates for energy reduction efforts.In this paper we propose a method based on statistics to identify activity modes in electricity consumption data of SMEs coarsegrained smart meter data.The method enables such automatic identification by computing a number of features on smart meter data including autocorrelation features.We also provide initial results for evaluating the method on a data set with smart meter data for 329 SMEs and identify options for further improving the method.Given the identification of the activity modes one can quantify the energy reduction potential of individual SMEs by comparing the load in the different activity modes and the variability of the load.
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk): function, regulation, and transformation with special emphasis on the PH domain (2009)

Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase important in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation, and signaling. Btk is a member of the Tec family of kinases. Mutations in the Btk gene lead to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Activation of Btk triggers a cascade of signaling events that culminates in the generation of calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In B cells, NF-kappaB was shown to bind to the Btk promoter and induce transcription, whereas the B-cell receptor-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway requires functional Btk. Moreover, Btk activation is tightly regulated by a plethora of other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP5, and caveolin-1. For example, the prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates Btk by decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation and steady state levels of Btk. It is intriguing that PKC and Pin1, both of which are negative regulators, bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk. To this end, we describe here novel mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain investigated for their transforming capacity. In particular, we show that the mutant D43R behaves similar to E41K, already known to possess such activity.
Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass (2011)

Switchgrass is a leading dedicated bioenergy feedstock in the United States because it is a native, high-yielding, perennial prairie grass with a broad cultivation range and low agronomic input requirements. Biomass conversion research has developed processes for production of ethanol and other biofuels, but they remain costly primarily because of the intrinsic recalcitrance of biomass. We show here that genetic modification of switchgrass can produce phenotypically normal plants that have reduced thermal-chemical (≤180 °C), enzymatic, and microbial recalcitrance. Down-regulation of the switchgrass caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene decreases lignin content modestly, reduces the syringyl:guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio, improves forage quality, and, most importantly, increases the ethanol yield by up to 38% using conventional biomass fermentation processes. The down-regulated lines require less severe pretreatment and 300-400% lower cellulase dosages for equivalent product yields using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with yeast. Furthermore, fermentation of diluted acid-pretreated transgenic switchgrass using Clostridium thermocellum with no added enzymes showed better product yields than obtained with unmodified switchgrass. Therefore, this apparent reduction in the recalcitrance of transgenic switchgrass has the potential to lower processing costs for biomass fermentation-derived fuels and chemicals significantly. Alternatively, such modified transgenic switchgrass lines should yield significantly more fermentation chemicals per hectare under identical process conditions.
Autogenous Iliac Crest Bone Graft: Complications and Functional Assessment (1997)

Functional outcomes and complications experienced by adult patients who underwent iliac crest bone grafting were evaluated to assess the effect of bone grafts on patient function. In addition to retrospective chart reviews, patients completed the Sickness Impact Profile and a detailed questionnaire on pain. One hundred ninety-two patients met study inclusion criteria. Major complications were recorded in four (2.4%) patients in whom infections developed requiring readmission. Thirty-seven (21.8%) patients had minor complications. One hundred nineteen of 170 patients were available for followup; of these 119 patients, 87 (73.1%) returned completed questionnaires. Thirty-three of 87 (37.9%) patients reported pain 6 months postoperatively. The incidence of pain decreased with time, with 16 of 87 (18.7%) patients continuing to report pain more than 2 years postoperatively. Proportionately more spine patients reported pain at all time points. The mean Sickness Impact Profile score for patients completing questionnaires was nine, suggesting most patients were functioning well 2 years postoperatively. The morbidity of iliac crest grafting remains substantial. Pain symptoms in this study sample seemed to last longer in more patients than earlier series have indicated. Minimizing muscle dissection around donor sites and the advent of bone graft substitutes may help alleviate these problems.
Impaired Fast-Spiking, Suppressed Cortical Inhibition, and Increased Susceptibility to Seizures in Mice Lacking Kv3.2 K+Channel Proteins (2000)

Voltage-gated K(+) channels of the Kv3 subfamily have unusual electrophysiological properties, including activation at very depolarized voltages (positive to -10 mV) and very fast deactivation rates, suggesting special roles in neuronal excitability. In the brain, Kv3 channels are prominently expressed in select neuronal populations, which include fast-spiking (FS) GABAergic interneurons of the neocortex, hippocampus, and caudate, as well as other high-frequency firing neurons. Although evidence points to a key role in high-frequency firing, a definitive understanding of the function of these channels has been hampered by a lack of selective pharmacological tools. We therefore generated mouse lines in which one of the Kv3 genes, Kv3.2, was disrupted by gene-targeting methods. Whole-cell electrophysiological recording showed that the ability to fire spikes at high frequencies was impaired in immunocytochemically identified FS interneurons of deep cortical layers (5-6) in which Kv3.2 proteins are normally prominent. No such impairment was found for FS neurons of superficial layers (2-4) in which Kv3.2 proteins are normally only weakly expressed. These data directly support the hypothesis that Kv3 channels are necessary for high-frequency firing. Moreover, we found that Kv3.2 -/- mice showed specific alterations in their cortical EEG patterns and an increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures consistent with an impairment of cortical inhibitory mechanisms. This implies that, rather than producing hyperexcitability of the inhibitory interneurons, Kv3.2 channel elimination suppresses their activity. These data suggest that normal cortical operations depend on the ability of inhibitory interneurons to generate high-frequency firing.
Recent Patents and Emerging Therapeutics in the Treatment of Allergic Conjunctivitis (2011)

Ocular allergy is an inflammatory response of the conjunctival mucosa that also affects the cornea and eyelids. Allergic conjunctivitis includes seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC). In general, allergic conditions involve mast cell degranulation that leads to release of inflammatory mediators and activation of enzymatic cascades generating pro-inflammatory mediators. In chronic ocular inflammatory disorders associated with mast cell activation such as VKC and AKC constant inflammatory response is observed due to predominance of inflammatory mediators such as eosinophils and Th2-generated cytokines. Antihistamines, mast-cell stabilizers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents are commonly indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic allergic conjunctivitis. In recent years newer drug molecules have been introduced in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. This article reviews recent patents and emerging therapeutics in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding the precursor of a human endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin: Identity of human and porcine endothelin (1988)

A cDNA encoding a human endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin, was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of this cDNA clone showed that the primary structure of the human preproendothelin has 212 amino acid residues and is highly homologous to porcine preproendothelin, and that human endothelin is identical with porcine endothelin.
A Digital QRS Detector Based on the Principle of Contour Limiting (1976)

The article describes a detector for physiological phenomena, e.g., the QRS-complex, having a trigger accuracy of 0.5 ms. The configuration to be recognized first is preprocessed then fed into a pair of amplifiers with adjustable gain and offset, representing the upper and lower contour-limit derived from the actual signal. These signals are sampled and A/D converted, then stored in two memories during the ``read''-operation.