gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of High-Molecular-Weight Syndiotactic Amorphous Polypropylene (2003)

Heterocycle-fused titanium indenyl silylamido dimethyl complexes produce very high molecular weight polypropylene having a prevailingly syndiotactic microstructure with syndiotactic pentad contents rrrr up to 40-55% (sam-PP). The samples are basically amorphous and may slowly develop a low level of crystallinity (16-20%) at room temperature. A structural characterization has shown that sam-PP samples crystallize in disordered modifications of the helical form I of syndiotactic polypropylene (s-PP). The stretching of compression-molded films of sam-PP samples produce oriented crystalline fibers in the trans-planar mesomorphic form of s-PP. The low stereoregularity prevents the formation of the ordered trans-planar form III of s-PP, which instead is obtained in stretched fibers of the highly stereoregular and crystalline s-PP. The trans-planar mesomorphic form, obtained in stretched fibers, in turn transforms into the helical form I upon releasing the tension. The analysis of the mechanical properties has shown that sam-PP samples show good elastic behavior in a large range of deformation with remarkable strength, due to the presence of crystallinity. A comparison with the mechanical properties of less syndiotactic and fully amorphous samples is reported. These fully amorphous samples present lower strength and experience rapid viscous flow of the chains at high deformations and/or by application of stresses for long times. The higher strength in the semicrystalline sam-PP samples makes these materials interesting thermoplastic elastomers showing high toughness and ductility.
TLB and snoop energy-reduction using virtual caches in low-power chip-multiprocessors (2002)

In our quest to bring down the power consumption in low-power chip-multiprocessors, we have found that TLB and snoop accesses account for about 40% of the energy wasted by all L1 data-cache accesses. We have investigated the prospects of using virtual caches to bring down the number of TLB accesses. A key observation is that while the energy wasted in the TLBs are cut, the energy associated with snoop accesses becomes higher. We then contribute with two techniques to reduce the number of snoop accesses and their energy cost. Virtual caches together with the proposed techniques are shown to reduce the energy wasted in the L1 caches and the TLBs by about 30%.
Use of a commercial probiotic supplement in meat goats1 (2008)

Sixty-three Boer crossbred goats were used in 5 separate experiments (Exp. 1 to 5) to evaluate the effects of a commercial probiotic supplement on growth performance (Exp. 1 to 4), diet digestibility (Exp. 5), carcass traits (Exp. 3), and fecal bacterial populations (Exp. 4). Goats were either fed a commercially pelleted concentrate diet and supplemented with a commercial probiotic (PRO) that had shown anecdotal positive effects on goat growth and performance according to local goat producers, or they remained as controls. The dose of PRO used was within the labeled dose for sheep for all studies. For Exp. 1, goat BW and feed intake were measured and G:F was calculated every 7 d for 56 d. For Exp. 2 to 4, BW and feed intake were measured and G:F was calculated every 14 d. The first day of supplementation was considered d 0. Carcass traits were also collected at slaughter on d 57 for Exp. 3, and fecal samples were collected every 14 d for microbial culture for Exp. 4. For Exp. 5, which was a digestibility trial that lasted for 10 d, animals were placed in metabolic pens for collection of feces and orts. Growth performance of goats was not affected by probiotic supplementation, with the exception of performance in Exp. 2, in which ADG and G:F were improved (P < 0.03) in PRO goats compared with control goats on d 56 only (treatment x day interaction; P < 0.05), averaging 0.21 +/- 0.02 kg/d for PRO goats and 0.11 +/- 0.02 kg/d for control goats for ADG and 0.17 +/- 0.02 for PRO goats and 0.10 +/- 0.02 for control goats for G:F. Carcass weights and weights of fabricated cuts (shoulder, loin, leg, rack, shank, and total parts) as well as carcass length, leg circumference, loin eye area, and backfat were not influenced by PRO supplementation. Apparent digestibilities of OM, DM, NDF, ADF, CP, and GE (on a DM basis) were similar for the PRO and control treatments. Fecal culture analysis of Escherichia coli and coliforms, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium populations were not influenced by the PRO treatment. Overall, although the PRO treatment affected goat ADG and G:F in Exp. 2, no PRO treatment effects were noted on growth performance for Exp. 1, 3, and 4. Furthermore, the PRO treatment did not affect diet digestibility, carcass traits, or fecal microbial populations in goats. In conclusion, no consistent benefits were noted from supplementing healthy, growing meat goats with PRO.
pFabric (2013)

In this paper we present pFabric, a minimalistic datacenter transport design that provides near theoretically optimal flow completion times even at the 99th percentile for short flows, while still minimizing average flow completion time for long flows. Moreover, pFabric delivers this performance with a very simple design that is based on a key conceptual insight: datacenter transport should decouple flow scheduling from rate control. For flow scheduling, packets carry a single priority number set independently by each flow; switches have very small buffers and implement a very simple priority-based scheduling/dropping mechanism. Rate control is also correspondingly simpler; flows start at line rate and throttle back only under high and persistent packet loss. We provide theoretical intuition and show via extensive simulations that the combination of these two simple mechanisms is sufficient to provide near-optimal performance.
Propagation of Nanopatterned Substrate Templated Ordering of Block Copolymers in Thick Films (2001)

Control over the orientation of a symmetric block copolymer lamellar morphology using a striped, chemically heterogeneous surface has been established. Films of symmetric diblock copolymers of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) solution cast onto silicon oxide substrates striped with periodic, 20 nm wide gold lines show lamellar microdomain orientation perpendicular to the substrate plane and parallel to the striping. Commensurability of the block copolymer and substrate stripe period is found to be essential to produce such a surface-directed morphology. A mismatch in length scale of only ±10% is sufficient to lose control over the microdomain orientation. This window of commensurability for thick films is much smaller than that found previously for ultrathin films. Consequently, more stringent conditions are met in unconfined films to direct the morphology with the surface. The distance over which the orientation of the microdomains persists is found to depend on the ordering kinetics, scaling with copolymer molecular weight, and is independent of the microdomain orientation at the surface.
Separation of bivalent anti-T cell immunotoxin from Pichia pastoris glycoproteins by borate anion exchange (2003)

A major problem encountered in the large-scale purification of the bivalent anti-T cell immunotoxin, A-dmDT390-bisFv(G4S), from Pichia pastoris supernatants was the presence of host glycoproteins exhibiting similar charge, size, and hydrophobicity characteristics. We overcame this problem by employing borate anion exchange chromatography. The borate anion has an affinity for carbohydrates and imparts negative charges to these structures. We found that at a concentration of sodium borate between 50 and 100 mM, the nonglycosylated immunotoxin did not bind to Poros 50 HQ anion exchanger resin, but glycoproteins, including aggregates related to the immunotoxin, did. By using this property of the immunotoxin in the presence of sodium borate, we successfully developed a 3-step purification procedure: (i) Butyl-650M hydrophobic interaction chromatography, (ii) Poros 50 HQ anion exchange chromatography in the presence of borate, and (iii) HiTrapTM Q anion exchange chromatography. The final preparation exhibited a purity of greater than 98% and a yield of greater than 50% from the supernatant. Previously, boronic acid resins have been used to separate glycoproteins from proteins. However, combining borate anion with conventional anion exchange resins accomplishes the separation of the immunotoxin from glycoproteins and eliminates the need to evaluate nonstandard resins with respect to good manufacturing practice guidelines.
Collagen application for sealing of arterial puncture sites in comparison to pressure dressing: A randomized trial (1992)

One hundred patients undergoing routine diagnostic or interventional catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either percutaneously applied collagen (group A; n = 50) or conventional pressure dressing (group B; n = 50) for sealing of the femoral artery. Clinical variables were comparable in both groups. The heparin dose was 100 IU/kg in 30 patients and 200 IU/kg in 20 patients of either group. The average compression time was 4.3 min in group A and 42.3 min in group B (p < .001). Bleeding was not observed in group A but was observed in 6/50 patients in group B. The time to ambulation was 6.4 hr (range, 4-12 hr) in group A and 21.6 hr (range, 10-48 hr) in group B (p < .001). Hematomas with a diameter of > 6 cm developed in 4/50 patients in group A and in 11/50 patients in group B (p < .05). Blood-transfusions or surgical interventions were not required and there was no loss of ankle pulses in either group. In conclusion, percutaneously applied collagen reduced compression time and duration of bedrest after diagnostic catheterization and PTCA. Despite earlier ambulation, the incidence of bleeding was lower with collagen than with conventional pressure dressing.
A Systematic Review of Oral Health Assessment by Nurses and Carers for Residents with Dementia in Residential Care Facilities (2005)

This paper presents systematic review findings to best summarize the assessment of oral health and the use of oral assessment tools by nurses and carers for adults with dementia living in residential aged care facilities. The systematic review searched electronic databases for articles in English (1980 to 2002) and supplemented these with a secondary search of references cited in articles meeting the review inclusion criteria. Delineation is needed between a comprehensive dental examination conducted by a qualified dentist and a dental assessment screening by a carer, nurse, allied health professional or medical practitioner. Dental examinations should be supplemented with oral health assessments and screenings by trained nurses and carers to monitor residents' oral health, evaluate oral hygiene care interventions, act as a trigger to call in a dentist when required, assist with residents' individualized oral hygiene care planning and assist with triaging and prioritization of residents' dental needs. To date, the most comprehensive, validated and reliable assessment screening tool for use by nurses and carers with cognitively impaired institutionalized residents is the Brief Oral Health Status Examination. Other less comprehensive oral assessment tools that are useful for nurses and carers of institutionalized dementia populations include the Index of Activities of Daily Oral Hygiene and the Mucosal Plaque Score. These review findings presented evidence to support the use of oral assessment screening tools by nurses and carers for cognitively impaired residents living in residential aged care facilities. Few validated and reliable tools have been published for use by carers in the cognitively impaired residential care population, and continued evolution of oral assessment screening tools needs to embrace the complete spectrum of residents' levels of cognitive impairment.
Quantification of Fragments of Human Serum Inter-α-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4 by a Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization-Based Immunoassay (2006)

The fragmentation patterns within the PRR of human serum ITIH4 are associated with different disease conditions and may hold important diagnostic information. These fragmentation patterns could be useful as potential biomarkers for detection and classification of cancer.
A New Novel and Practical One Pot Methodology for Conversion of Alcohols to Amines (2000)

Abstract A convenient and efficient one pot sequence has been developed for the transformation of alcohols to amines using Sodium azide, triphenylphosphine in CC14-DMF.
Safety and efficacy of Home-Based Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin G in Elderly Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (2011)

Home-based SCIG is safe and effective in elderly patients with PIDD, most of whom can self-infuse. Infection rates were low, and no AEs or difficulties in administering SCIG occurred that resulted in treatment discontinuation.
Robust Real-time 3D Detection of Obstructed Head and Hands in Indoors Environments (2006)

We address the need for robust detection of obstructed human features in complex environments, with a focus on intelligent surgical UIs. In our setup, real-time detection is used to find features without the help of local (spatial or temporal) information. Such a detector is used to validate, correct or reject the output of the visual feature tracking, which is locally more robust, but drifts over time. In Operating Rooms (OR), surgeons’ faces and hands are typically obstructed by sterile clothing and tools, making statistical and/or feature-based feature detection approaches ineffective. We propose a new method for head and hands detection that relies on geometric information from disparity maps, locally refined by color processing. We have applied our method to a surgical mock- up scene, as well as to images gathered during real surgery. Running in a realtime, continuous detection loop, our detector successfully found more than 97% of target features, with very few false positives (less than 0.7%).
Structure−Activity Relationships in Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1 (Nod1) Agonistic γ-Glutamyldiaminopimelic Acid Derivatives (2011)

N-acyl-γ-glutamyldiaminopimelic acid is a prototype ligand for Nod1. We report a detailed SAR of C(12)-γ-D-Glu-DAP. Analogues with glutaric or γ-aminobutyric acid replacing the glutamic acid show greatly attenuated Nod1-agonistic activity. Substitution of the meso-diaminopimelic (DAP) acid component with monoaminopimelic acid, L- or D-lysine, or cadaverine also results in reduced activity. The free amine on DAP is crucial. However, the N-acyl group on the D-glutamyl residue can be substituted with N-alkyl groups with full preservation of activity. The free carboxylates on the DAP and Glu components can also be esterified, resulting in more lipophilic but active analogues. Transcriptomal profiling showed a dominant up-regulation of IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, which may explain the pronounced Th2-polarizing activity of these compounds and also implicate cell signaling mediated by TREM-1. These results may explain the hitherto unknown mechanism of synergy between Nod1 and TLR agonists and are likely to be useful in designing vaccine adjuvants.
PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF/GP88, progranulin) stimulates migration, invasiveness and VEGF expression in breast cancer cells (2004)

Metastasis is a multi-step process involved in the progression of breast cancer to a disease with poor prognosis. Growth factor and/or growth factor receptor over- expression have been reported to play an important role in this process. The 88 kDa glycoprotein PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF/GP88), also known as progranulin, has been shown to play a major role in breast tumorigenesis by stimulating proliferation, mediating survival and conferring resistance to tamoxifen. In the present paper, the metastatic potential of PCDGF/GP88 was examined in breast cancer. Using MCF-7 cells, we showed that PCDGF/GP88 over-expression stimulated anchorage-independent cell growth and accelerated cell migration through matrigel. Similar results were obtained with MCF-7 cells treated exogenously with PCDGF/GP88. Furthermore, gelatin zymograph and immunoblot revealed that matrix metalloprotease-9 was up-regulated by PCDGF/GP88. PCDGF/GP88 stimulated VEGF expression in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that PCDGF/GP88 could act to promote metastasis and angiogenesis in human breast cancer cells in addition to stimulating their proliferation and survival.
CMOS Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics: An Enabling Technology for Exascale Computing (2011)

CMOS integrated silicon nanophotonics allows ultra-dense monolithic single-chip integration of optical and electrical functions. This technology can enable future Exa-scale supercomputers by connecting racks, modules, and chips together with ultra-low power massively parallel optical interconnects.
High-contrast dark resonance in σ+ - σ- optical field (2004)

The amplitude of Λ resonance in alkali atoms is limited by perturbing cycling transitions in the case of D2 line or by existence of additional trapping states in the case of D1 line. We propose to eliminate these extra trapping states by using two counter-propagating bichromatic fields of orthogonal circular polarizations. The experiment is in accordance with the theoretical proposal. The result refers to small-size cells and is important for applications in miniaturized atomic clocks.
A Nonempirical Method Using LC/MS for Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Constituent Amino Acids in a Peptide:  Combination of Marfey's Method with Mass Spectrometry and Its Practical Application (1997)

The "advanced Marfey's method" proposed in our preceding paper has been developed to nonempirically determine the absolute configuration of constituent amino acids in a peptide using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). For the establishment of this method, we had to resolve the following three problems: (1) elucidation of the limitation of Marfey's method, which is chosen as the chromatography technique, and its separation mechanism, because this proposed method relies on the elution order of an amino acid derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alaninamide (l-FDAA) to determine its absolute configuration; (2) how to effectively combine Marfey's method with mass spectrometry in order to detect and identify a desired amino acid without a standard sample; and (3) how to obtain the corresponding enantiomer from either the l- or d-amino acid in a peptide sample. In a preceding paper, we investigated problem 1 and finally described the rational application guideline for Marfey's method to elucidate the elution order of a desired amino acid according to the proposed separation mechanism. In this paper, we further investigated the two remaining problems. Because the sensitivity of the amino acids derivatized with the original derivatizing reagent, l-FDAA, was poor for LC/MS analysis using any interfaces due to their possible thermal instability and low hydrophobicity, we chose electrospray ionization and frit-fast atom bombardment (Frit-FAB) as the interface and developed 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-leucinamide (l-FDLA) instead of l-FDAA as a new derivatizing reagent in order to combine Marfey's method with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we introduced a racemization procedure using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-dl-leucinamide (dl-FDLA), the "dl-FDLA derivatization", instead of the conventional chemical racemization for obtaining the corresponding enantiomer from either the l- or d-amino acid. Thus, we have established a nonempirical method using LC/MS, the "advanced Marfey's method". The method was successfully applied to the characterization of constituent amino acids in microcystin LR produced by cyanobacteria.
Elecciones en Bosnia en 2006: ante el reto de asumir los poderes del Estado (2006)

El 1 de octubre de 2006 se celebran elecciones legislativas y presidenciales en Bosnia-Herzegovina. Son las cuartas elecciones generales desde que se firmaron los acuerdos de paz de Dayton en diciembre de 1995. Se trata, sin embargo, de unas elecciones muy diferentes a las precedentes; unas elecciones que revisten una importancia crucial para el futuro de Bosnia por dos razones.
Role of genetic polymorphism of human plasma paraoxonase/arylesterase in hydrolysis of the insecticide metabolites chlorpyrifos oxon and paraoxon. (1988)

Plasma paraoxonase is a polymorphic enzyme that hydrolyzes paraoxon, the neurotoxic, active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. This enzyme is specified by at least two alleles with frequencies of about .7 and .3 among Caucasoid populations. A specific assay was developed that measured the activity of human plasma paraoxonase without interference from serum albumin which contributes significantly to the hydrolytic breakdown of paraoxon at the high pH values used in many previous assays. There was an 11-fold variation in paraoxonase activities, and the population distribution was at least bimodal. However, this specific assay did not improve the discrimination between the three genetic classes: (1) homozygotes for the low-activity allele, (2) heterozygotes, and (3) homozygotes for the high-activity allele. Chlorpyrifos oxon--the neurotoxic metabolite of the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos (Dursban)--was hydrolyzed by the same plasma fraction that hydrolyzed paraoxon. There was only four- to fivefold variability in enzyme activity, and the population distribution was unimodal. Homozygotes for low paraoxonase activity ranged over almost the entire spectrum of chlorpyrifos oxonase activity. Possible differences in susceptibility to chlorpyrifos toxicity therefore are unlikely to be predicted by the paraoxonase genotype alone. The ratio of paraoxonase over that of chlorpyrifos oxonase provided an excellent method for genetic typing of the paraoxonase polymorphism, as did the substitution of phenylacetate for chlorpyrifos as the substrate.
Characterization of IL-12 receptor beta1 chain (IL-12Rbeta1)-deficient mice: IL-12Rbeta1 is an essential component of the functional mouse IL-12 receptor (1997)

Two chains of the IL-12R, IL-12Rbeta1 and IL-12Rbeta2, have recently been cloned. To determine the role of IL-12Rbeta1 in mediating the biologic functions of IL-12 in mice, we have generated IL-12Rbeta1-deficient (IL-12Rbeta1(-/-)) mice by targeted mutation in ES cells. Con A-activated splenocytes from IL-12Rbeta1(+/+) mice displayed both high and low affinity IL-12-binding sites, whereas Con A-activated splenocytes from IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) mice expressed only low affinity IL-12-binding sites. Consistent with the expression of low affinity IL-12-binding sites on IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) lymphoblasts, these cells expressed normal amounts of IL-12Rbeta2 mRNA. Unlike those from IL-12Rbeta1(+/+) mice, Con A-activated splenocytes from IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) mice failed to proliferate or produce IFN-gamma in response to IL-12, even at very high concentrations (67 nM). In contrast, lymphoblasts from both types of mice proliferated equally well to IL-2 or IL-7. Splenocytes from IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) mice also failed to display enhanced NK lytic activity when cultured with IL-12 but responded normally to IL-2. Similar to IL-12 p40-deficient mice, IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) mice were impaired in their ability to produce IFN-gamma in response to endotoxin administration in vivo, and IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) splenocytes were deficient in IFN-gamma secretion when stimulated with either Con A or soluble anti-CD3 mAb in vitro. These results demonstrate that IL-12Rbeta1 is required for mouse T and NK cells to respond to IL-12 and that expression of low affinity IL-12-binding sites, presumably reflecting expression of IL-12Rbeta2, is by itself insufficient to mediate IL-12 responsiveness, even in the presence of very high concentrations of IL-12.