gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral artery disease in patients with coronary artery disease. (1995)

The prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in patients with coronary artery disease has been investigated in many different ways and depends on the diagnostic methods and the definition of the atherosclerotic manifestations in the different vascular beds. In this study we used the non-invasive methods digital volume pulse plethysmography and ankle and toe blood pressure measurements to identify arterial abnormalities in the lower limbs in 58 patients (49 males and 9 females; age 37-72 years) examined with coronary angiography. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was 22%, in agreement with the results of most previous investigations. There was a tendency towards increasing prevalence of peripheral artery disease with more advanced coronary artery disease: 14% of the patients with no or minimal coronary atheromotous lesions, 18% of the patients with moderate coronary atheromotous lesions and 32% of the patients with marked coronary atheromotous disease. For this reason a non-invasive investigation of the peripheral arterial circulation should be included early in the clinical consideration of patients with chest pain or similar symptoms suggesting coronary heart disease. Toe pressure measurement appears to be the most appropriate technique being rather simple in management and also in evaluation of results.
Astrocyte-Specific Overexpression of Nrf2 Protects Striatal Neurons from Mitochondrial Complex II Inhibition (2010)

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is known to regulate a variety of cytoprotective genes through the antioxidant response element (ARE). This endogenous response is one of the major pathways by which cells are protected from xenobiotic or innate oxidative insults. Furthermore, in neural systems, astrocyte-specific activation of Nrf2 is known to protect neurons. In previous work, our laboratory found that Nrf2 protects from intrastriatal injections of the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor malonate. Here, we extend these results to show that multiple methods of astrocyte-specific Nrf2 overexpression provide protection from neurotoxicity in vivo. GFAP-Nrf2 transgenic mice are significantly more resistant to malonate lesioning. This outcome is associated with an increased basal resistance, but more so, an enhanced Nrf2 response to lesioning that attenuated the ensuing neurotoxicity. Furthermore, striatal transplantation of neuroprogenitor cells overexpressing Nrf2 that differentiate into astrocytes after grafting also significantly reduced malonate toxicity. Overall, these data establish that enhanced astrocytic Nrf2 response and Nrf2 preconditioning are both sufficient to protect from acute lesions from mitochondrial complex II inhibition.
IL-25 regulates Th17 function in autoimmune inflammation (2007)

Interleukin (IL)-25 is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. However, unlike the other members of this family, IL-25 promotes T helper (Th) 2 responses. We now show that IL-25 also regulates the development of autoimmune inflammation mediated by IL-17-producing T cells. We have generated IL-25-deficient (il25-/-) mice and found that they are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The accelerated disease in the il25-/- mice is associated with an increase of IL-23 in the periphery and a subsequent increase in the number of inflammatory IL-17-, IFNgamma-, and TNF-producing T cells that invade the central nervous system. Neutralization of IL-17 but not IFNgamma in il25-/- mice prevented EAE, suggesting that IL-17 is a major disease-promoting factor. IL-25 treatment at several time points during a relapse-remitting model or chronic model of EAE completely suppressed disease. IL-25 treatment induced elevated production of IL-13, which is required for suppression of Th17 responses by direct inhibition of IL-23, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression in activated dendritic cells. Thus, IL-25 and IL-17, being members of the same cytokine family, play opposing roles in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmunity.
Transforming activity of human tumor DNAs. (1981)

High molecular weight DNAs of 26 human tumors and tumor cell lines were assayed for the presence of transmissible activated transforming genes by transfection of NIH 3T3 mouse cells. DNAs of two bladder carcinoma cell lines induced transformation with high efficiencies (approximately 0.2 transformant per microgram of DNA), whereas DNAs of the other tumors studied lacked detectable transforming activity. These findings suggest that dominant mutations or gene rearrangements can result in the activation of cellular transforming genes in some human tumors.
Comprehensive On-Line LC/LC/MS of Proteins (1997)

This is a description of a comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC) system for the separation of protein mixtures. This system uses cation-exchange chromatography followed by reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC). The two LC systems are coupled by an eight-port valve equipped with two storage loops and under computer control. The RPLC effluent is sampled by both a UV detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer. In this way, complex mixtures of large biomolecules can be rapidly separated, desalted, and analyzed for molecular weight in less than 2 h. The system's utility is demonstrated with a mixture of standards and an Escherichia coli cell lysate.
Isolation and characterization of efficient plasmid transformation mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis (1990)

Recent development of vectors and methodologies to introduce recombinant DNA into members of the genus Mycobacterium has provided new approaches for investigating these important bacteria. While most pathogenic mycobacteria are slow-growing, Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing, non-pathogenic species that has been used for many years as a host for mycobacteriophage propagation and, recently, as a host for the introduction of recombinant DNA. Its use as a cloning host for the analysis of mycobacterial genes has been limited by its inability to be efficiently transformed with plasmid vectors. This work describes the isolation and characterization of mutants of M. smegmatis that can be transformed, using electroporation, at efficiencies 10(4) to 10(5) times greater than those of the parent strain, yielding more than 10(5) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA. The mutations conferring this efficient plasmid transformation (Ept) phenotype do not affect phage transfection or the integration of DNA into the M. smegmatis chromosome, but seem to be specific for plasmid transformation. Such Ept mutants have been used to characterize plasmid DNA sequences essential for replication of the Mycobacterium fortuitum plasmid pAL5000 in mycobacteria by permitting the transformation of a library of hybrid plasmid constructs. Efficient plasmid transformation of M. smegmatis will facilitate the analysis of mycobacterial gene function, expression and replication and thus aid in the development of BCG as a multivalent recombinant vaccine vector and in the genetic analysis of the virulence determinants of pathogenic mycobacteria.
Angiogenesis Inhibition and Choroidal Neovascularization Suppression by Sustained Delivery of an Integrin Antagonist, EMD478761 (2007)

Sustained delivery of EMD478761demonstrates potent antiangiogenic properties in vivo. These results suggest that an EMD478761 implant may be beneficial in the treatment of neovascular ocular diseases.
Arrays of Magnetic Nanoparticles Patterned via “Dip-Pen” Nanolithography (2002)

A versatile new method for generating magnetic nanostructures with dimensions ranging from several hundred nanometers to sub-100 nm is presented here. The method is based on dip-pen nanolithography and allows precise feature size control by tuning the tip–substrate contact time and the scan speed. The Figure shows an AFM topography image of an array of iron oxide nanodots on a gold substrate.
[Expression, purification and characterization of human prorelaxin-like-protein H2 in Escherichia coli]. (2002)

The cDNA gene encoding human prorelaxin H2 was subcloned from plasmid pMAL p2X-hRLX H2 into the EcoRI and BamHI sites of prokaryotic expression vector pBV220, resulting in the recombinant plasmid pBV220-hPRLX H2, which was subsequently transformed into Escherichia coli DH5arg;. The target gene was highly expressed in the form of inclusion body by thermoinduction at 42 degrees. Recombinant human Met-prorelaxin-like-protein H2 was refolded in vitro, purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and reverse phase fast protein liquid chromatography. The yield was approximately 2-3 mg/L. The purified recombinant human Met-prorelaxin-like-protein H2 was shown to be a single band by 15% SDS-PAGE and gave correct amino acid composition of Met-prorelaxin. Molecular weight of the purified recombinant human Met-prorelaxin-like-protein H2 was measured to be 18 390.4 (calculated theoretical value 18 392.3) by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy.
Modeling dynamic behavior in large evolving graphs (2013)

Given a large time-evolving graph, how can we model and characterize the temporal behaviors of individual nodes (and network states)? How can we model the behavioral transition patterns of nodes? We propose a temporal behavior model that captures the "roles" of nodes in the graph and how they evolve over time. The proposed dynamic behavioral mixed-membership model (DBMM) is scalable, fully automatic (no user-defined parameters), non-parametric/data-driven (no specific functional form or parameterization), interpretable (identifies explainable patterns), and flexible (applicable to dynamic and streaming networks). Moreover, the interpretable behavioral roles are generalizable and computationally efficient. We applied our model for (a) identifying patterns and trends of nodes and network states based on the temporal behavior, (b) predicting future structural changes, and (c) detecting unusual temporal behavior transitions. The experiments demonstrate the scalability, flexibility, and effectiveness of our model for identifying interesting patterns, detecting unusual structural transitions, and predicting the future structural changes of the network and individual nodes.
Do mRNAs act as direct sensors of small molecules to control their expression? (2001)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Did South Korea Choose the Best Growth Strategy and Can North Korea Follow the Lessons from the South (2002)

In the early stages of economic development in South Korea, the export-led growth strategy was successful under President Park Jung Hee in the 1960s. But in the later period, government intervention caused problems in resource allocation, while Park's authoritarian politics disrupted democratization. Incumbent political power was used to acquire economic power. which made it possible to acquire additional political power. This chain of actions generated monopoly power in politics and economy through the political-economic complex, which reduced efficiency. As a result, the adjustment costs became expensive to fix its economy after the financial crisis in 1997. Thus. it has been persuasive that a balanced development between politics and economy maximizes capitalistic efficiency and democratic equality. On the other hand, the problems of North Korea are based on its socialist system. Openness threatens the survival of the regime, but the economy cannot revive without openness. The only available option is to open its door by taking a risk and provide a peace treaty with Seoul, and stop development and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The ball is in Pyongyang's court.
RSA/MD5 KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS) (1999)

A standard method for storing US Government Digital Signature Algorithm keys and signatures in the Domain Name System is described which utilizes DNS KEY and SIG resource records.
Implications of Dynamic Factor Models for VAR Analysis (2005)

This paper considers VAR models incorporating many time series that interact through a few dynamic factors. Several econometric issues are addressed including estimation of the number of dynamic factors and tests for the factor restrictions imposed on the VAR. Structural VAR identification based on timing restrictions, long run restrictions, and restrictions on factor loadings are discussed and practical computational methods suggested. Empirical analysis using U.S. data suggest several (7) dynamic factors, rejection of the exact dynamic factor model but support for an approximate factor model, and sensible results for a SVAR that identifies money policy shocks using timing restrictions.
Mems & Microsystems Desingn And Manufacture (2002)

1 Overview of MEMS and Microsystems 2 Working Principles of Microsystems 3 Engineering Science for Microsystem Design and Fabrication 4 Engineering Mechanics for Microsystems Design 5 Thermofluid Engineering and Microsystem Design 6 Scaling Laws in Miniaturization 7 Materials for MEMS and Microsystems 8 Microsystem Fabrication Processes 9 Overview of Micromanufacturing 10 Microsystems Design 11 Microsystem Packaging Appendixes 1 Recommended Units for Thermophysical Quantities 2 Conversion of Units between SI and Imperial Systems
Cloning a eukaryotic DNA glycosylase repair gene by the suppression of a DNA repair defect in Escherichia coli. (1989)

If eukaryotic genes could protect bacteria with defects in DNA repair, this effect could be exploited for the isolation of eukaryotic DNA repair genes. We have thus cloned a DNA repair gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that directs the synthesis of a DNA glycosylase that specifically releases 3-methyladenine from alkylated DNA and in so doing protects alkylation-sensitive Escherichia coli from killing by methylating agents. The cloned yeast gene was then used to generate a mutant strain of S. cerevisiae that carries a defect in the glycosylase gene and is extremely sensitive to DNA methylation. This approach may allow the isolation of a large number of eukaryotic DNA repair genes.
Ultrastructural Changes in Spinal Nerve Roots Induced by Autologous Nucleus Pulposus (1996)

Epidural application of autologous nucleus pulposus without any pressure may induce not only nerve function impairment but also axonal injury and significant primary Schwann cell damage with vesicular swelling of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. However, because axonal and Schwann cell changes affected only part of the nerve fibers, further causes of the impaired nerve conduction need to be determined.
The use of inhibitors of platelet activation or protease activity in platelet concentrates stored for transfusion. (1992)

During storage of platelet concentrates the platelets show signs of activation, and extracellular protease activity becomes evident in the plasma. The consequences of platelet activation and plasma protease activity are potentially detrimental to the preservation of platelet function in vitro. The earlier use of prostaglandins during preparation of platelet concentrates to increase the harvest of platelets from whole blood did little to improve their shelf-life. Other compounds that sustain elevated cyclic AMP levels or that directly inhibit platelet agonists provide more effective inhibition of platelet activation during storage. Also, the inclusion of general or specific protease inhibitors appears to improve platelet preservation over extended storage periods. These studies demonstrate the possibility of prolonging the shelf-life of platelet concentrates stored at 22 degrees C through the addition of non-toxic formulations of inhibitors of platelet activation and protease activity.
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 Protein (1999)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 protein is the paradigm for eukaryotic ATP-dependent DNA strand exchange proteins. To explain some of the unique characteristics of DNA strand exchange promoted by Rad51 protein, when compared with its prokaryotic homologue the Escherichia coli RecA protein, we analyzed the DNA binding properties of the Rad51 protein. Rad51 protein binds both single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in an ATP- and Mg2+-dependent manner, over a wide range of pH, with an apparent binding stoichiometry of approximately 1 protein monomer per 4 (+/-1) nucleotides or base pairs, respectively. Only dATP and adenosine 5'-gamma-(thiotriphosphate) (ATPgammaS) can substitute for ATP, but binding in the presence of ATPgammaS requires more than a 5-fold stoichiometric excess of protein. Without nucleotide cofactor, Rad51 protein binds both ssDNA and dsDNA but only at pH values lower than 6.8; in this case, the apparent binding stoichiometry covers the range of 1 protein monomer per 6-9 nucleotides or base pairs. Therefore, Rad51 protein displays two distinct modes of DNA binding. These binding modes are not inter-convertible; however, their initial selection is governed by ATP binding. On the basis of these DNA binding properties, we conclude that the main reason for the low efficiency of the DNA strand exchange promoted by Rad51 protein in vitro is its enhanced dsDNA-binding ability, which inhibits both the presynaptic and synaptic phases of the DNA strand exchange reaction as follows: during presynapsis, Rad51 protein interacts with and stabilizes secondary structures in ssDNA thereby inhibiting formation of a contiguous nucleoprotein filament; during synapsis, Rad51 protein inactivates the homologous dsDNA partner by directly binding to it.
SOFT LITHOGRAPHY (1998)

Abstract Soft lithography represents a non-photolithographic strategy based on self-assembly and replica molding for carrying out micro- and nanofabrication. It provides a convenient, effective, and low-cost method for the formation and manufacturing of micro- and nanostructures. In soft lithography, an elastomeric stamp with patterned relief structures on its surface is used to generate patterns and structures with feature sizes ranging from 30 nm to 100 μm. Five techniques have been demonstrated: microcontact printing (μCP), replica molding (REM), microtransfer molding (μTM), micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC), and solvent-assisted micromolding (SAMIM). In this chapter we discuss the procedures for these techniques and their applications in micro- and nanofabrication, surface chemistry, materials science, optics, MEMS, and microelectronics.
Calcitriol but no other metabolite of vitamin D is essential for normal bone growth and development in the rat. (1984)

To determine the relative importance of different metabolites of vitamin D in bone growth and development, weanling male rat pups suckled by vitamin D-deficient mothers were given either calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) by continuous subcutaneous infusion, oral calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), or oral 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic compound that can undergo 1-hydroxylation but not 24-hydroxylation, as their sole source of vitamin D for 40 d. Pups raised in the same manner, but given no vitamin D, served as controls. The three metabolites compared were given in doses that restored normal plasma calcium levels and normal increments in body weight. After in vivo double tetracycline labeling, bone histomorphometry by standard methods was performed on one femur and one tail vertebra. There were no significant differences between the three metabolite-treated groups in length, periosteal or endosteal diameter, cortical cross-sectional area, cortical porosity, osteoid thickness and volume, appositional rate and bone formation rate in the femur, or in qualitative and quantitative indices of endochondral ossification in the tail vertebra. All three groups differed markedly from the untreated controls with respect to all measurements. Collectively, the data indicate that neither calcidiol nor any 24-hydroxylated metabolite of calcidiol is needed in the rat (other than as a precursor) for longitudinal or transverse bone growth, for normal endochondral ossification, or for normal periosteal and endosteal formation, mineralization, and resorption of bone. Calcitriol was fully active with respect to each of the indices listed when given in a manner resembling its continuous endogenous production by the kidney, suggesting that previous reports of incomplete skeletal response to calcitriol result from its rapid clearance and infrequent oral administration. We demonstrated that calcitriol is the only metabolite that is both necessary and sufficient for normal bone growth and development in the rat, but our data do not indicate the extent to which its beneficial skeletal effects were mediated by direct action on bone, either of calcitriol itself or of some metabolite thereof, or by restoration of normal plasma levels of calcium and phosphate.
Rapid response to infliximab in severe pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a chemokine secreted by T cells which is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. The monoclonal antibody, infliximab, complexes with TNF-alpha, rendering it inactive. A recent clinical trial has reported the clinical benefit and safety of infliximab in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. We report a case of rapid response and clinical benefit using infliximab in severe pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch.
Purification, Reconstitution, and Inhibition of Cytochrome P-450 Sterol Δ 22 -Desaturase from the Pathogenic Fungus Candida glabrata (1999)

Sterol delta22-desaturase has been purified from a strain of Candida glabrata with a disruption in the gene encoding sterol 14alpha-demethylase (cytochrome P-45051; CYP51). The purified cytochrome P-450 exhibited sterol delta22-desaturase activity in a reconstituted system with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in dilaurylphosphatidylcholine, with the enzyme kinetic studies revealing a Km for ergosta-5,7-dienol of 12.5 microM and a Vmax of 0. 59 nmol of this substrate metabolized/min/nmol of P-450. This enzyme is encoded by CYP61 (ERG5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and homologues have been shown in the Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome projects. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole formed low-spin complexes with the ferric cytochrome and exhibited type II spectra, which are indicative of an interaction between the azole moiety and the cytochrome heme. The azole antifungal compounds inhibited reconstituted sterol delta22-desaturase activity by binding to the cytochrome with a one-to-one stoichiometry, with total inhibition of enzyme activity occurring when equimolar amounts of azole and cytochrome P-450 were added. These results reveal the potential for sterol delta22-desaturase to be an antifungal target and to contribute to the binding of drugs within the fungal cell.