gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient limb ischaemia remotely preconditions through a humoral mechanism acting directly on the myocardium: evidence suggesting cross-species protection (2009)

rIPC (remote ischaemic preconditioning) is a phenomenon whereby short periods of ischaemia and reperfusion of a tissue or organ (e.g. mesentery, kidney) can protect a distant tissue or organ (e.g. heart) against subsequent, potentially lethal, ischaemia. We, and others, have shown that transient limb ischaemia can provide potent myocardial protection experimentally and clinically during cardiac surgery. Nonetheless, our understanding of the signal transduction from remote stimulus to local effect remains incomplete. The aim of the present study was to define the humoral nature of rIPC effector(s) from limb ischaemia and to study their local effects in isolated heart and cardiomyocyte models. Using a Langendorff preparation, we show that infarct size after coronary artery ligation and reperfusion was substantially reduced by rIPC in vivo, this stimulus up-regulating the MAPKs (mitogen-activating protein kinases) p42/p44, and inducing PKCepsilon (protein kinase Cepsilon) subcellular redistribution. Pre-treatment with the plasma and dialysate of plasma (obtained using 15 kDa cut-off dialysis membrane) from donor rabbits subjected to rIPC similarly protected against infarction. The effectiveness of the rIPC dialysate was abrogated by passage through a C18 hydrophobic column, but eluate from this column provided the same level of protection. The dialysate of rIPC plasma from rabbits and humans was also tested in an isolated fresh cardiomyocyte model of simulated ischaemia and reperfusion. Necrosis in cardiomyocytes treated with rIPC dialysate was substantially reduced compared with control, and was similar to cells pre-treated by 'classical' preconditioning. This effect, by rabbit rIPC dialysate, was blocked by pre-treatment with the opiate receptor blocker naloxone. In conclusion, in vivo transient limb ischaemia releases a low-molecular-mass (<15 kDa) hydrophobic circulating factor(s) which induce(s) a potent protection against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in Langendorff-perfused hearts and isolated cardiomyocytes in the same species. This cardioprotection is transferable across species, independent of local neurogenic activity, and requires opioid receptor activation.
Separation of Metallic from Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

We have developed a method to separate metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes from suspension using alternating current dielectrophoresis. Our method takes advantage of the difference of the relative dielectric constants of the two species with respect to the solvent, resulting in an opposite movement of metallic and semiconducting tubes along the electric field gradient. Metallic tubes are attracted toward a microelectrode array, leaving semiconducting tubes in the solvent. Proof of the effectiveness of separation is given by a comparative Raman spectroscopy study on the dielectrophoretically deposited tubes and on a reference sample.
The role of phosphotyrosine phosphatases in haematopoietic cell signal transduction (1997)

Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are the enzymes which remove phosphate groups from protein tyrosine residues. An enormous number of phosphatases have been cloned and sequenced during the past decade, many of which are expressed in haematopoietic cells. This review focuses on the biochemistry and cell biology of three phosphatases, the transmembrane CD45 and the cytosolic SH2-domain-containing PTPases SHP-1 and SHP-2, to illustrate the diverse ways in which PTPases regulate receptor signal transduction. The involvement of these and other PTPases has been demonstrated in haematopoietic cell development, apoptosis, activation and nonresponsiveness. A common theme in the actions of many haematopoietic cell PTPases is the way in which they modulate the thresholds for receptor signalling, thereby regulating critical events in the positive and negative selection of lymphocytes. There is growing interest in haematopoietic PTPases and their associated regulatory proteins as targets for pharmaceutical intervention and in the involvement of these enzymes in human disease.
Production of phenylalanine and organic acids by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-deficient mutants ofEscherichia coli (1987)

Isogenic strains ofEscherichia coli were grown aerobically in minimal medium in a 2-liter airlift fermentor to determine whether appc (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) mutation had the effect of directing glucose carbon into phenylalanine synthesis. Two host strains, YMC9 (ppc+) and KB285 (ppc−) were used, either with (Phec) or without (Phe0) a plasmid which determines constitutive phenylalanine production. Carbon consumption and metabolic products were monitored. Phenylalanine production occurred only in strains carrying the Phec plasmid.ppc− strains produced less cell mass and more acetate, pyruvate, and phenylalanine (in the Phec strains) than did isogenicppc+ strains. Lactate and ethanol production were not detected in any of the strains. Phec strains produced less acetate and pyruvate than their Phe0 homologs. Importantly,ppc−/Phec produced at least six times as much phenylalanine (0.32 g phenylalanine/g dry weight cells) asppc+/Phec. Even in this case, however, phenylalanine was produced at ten-fold lower levels than acetate. Thus, although theppc− mutation stimulates phenylalanine production, it also stimulates the production of unwanted by-products such as acetate and pyruvate.
“Sundowning” and Other Temporally Associated Agitation States in Dementia Patients (2005)

The behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer's disease have become an increasingly important focus of clinical research. These symptoms also pose a tremendous challenge to families and caregivers. The late afternoon/evening exacerbation of behavioral symptoms in dementia has been recognized by clinicians for >60 years. Researchers have utilized a variety of increasingly sophisticated tools to examine the circadian, hormonal, physiological, and epidemiological correlations with sundowning behavior. Although treatment remains largely empirical, an improved understanding of the complex relationships that drive sundowning behavior should lead to more effective therapies in the future.
Cap in hand: Targeting eIF4E (2009)

Recognition of the mRNA cap structure by the translation initiation factor eIF4E is central to protein synthesis in general and eIF4E activity is especially important for the production of many of the proteins that give rise to the hallmarks of cancer. Because transformed cells have a heightened requirement for the expression of prosurvival factors, targeting translation appears to be an attractive anticancer strategy and proof-of-concept studies in which oncogenic eIF4E function is suppressed in various different ways show that tumour cells are selectively sensitive to inhibition of protein synthesis at the level of eIF4E. The emerging understanding of the functions, regulation, and structural biology of eIF4E now makes possible the pharmacological targeting of this key translation initiation factor.
Natural bend-distortion immunity of higher-order-mode large-mode-area fibers (2007)

Bend-induced distortion is an important limitation in the development of fibers with very large mode areas. Simulations demonstrate that higher-order modes, recently proposed for amplification, are naturally immune to bend distortion, despite their extremely large mode areas. These numerical results compliment measured resistance to mode coupling. An interesting indirect coupling between nearly degenerate modes is shown to dominate the distortion.
Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene: thermodynamics of poly(vinylcyclohexane)-containing diblock copolymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene: thermodynamics of poly(vinylcyclohexane)-containing diblock copolymersMark D. Gehlsen and Frank S. BatesCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 16, 4122–4127Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00068a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1058Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Attenuation of traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice by targeting increased cytokine levels with a small molecule experimental therapeutic (2015)

Our results identify a clinically relevant time window post-CHI during which MW151 effectively restores cytokine production back towards normal, with a resultant attenuation of downstream cognitive impairment.
Regulation of type I (epidermal) transglutaminase mRNA levels during squamous differentiation: down regulation by retinoids. (1989)

Squamous differentiation of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells is accompanied by an approximately 50-fold increase in the activity of type I (epidermal) transglutaminase, while the levels of type II (tissue) transglutaminase remain almost undetectable. To identify a cDNA encoding type I transglutaminase, we screened a library of cDNA clones prepared from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from squamous-differentiated rabbit tracheal epithelial cells. Four overlapping clones (represented by clone pTG-7) which span a range of 2.8 kilobases were identified; partial sequencing of pTG-7 indicated that it encodes a transglutaminaselike protein. pTG-7 hybridized to a 3.6-kilobase mRNA which is distinct from that for type II transglutaminase. pTG-7 mRNA levels were low in proliferative cells, increased dramatically in squamous-differentiated cells, and could be further enhanced by growth of the cells in high concentrations (2 mM) of calcium ions. Retinoic acid, which blocks the expression of the squamous phenotype, prevented this increase in pTG-7 mRNA levels. These changes in levels of pTG-7 mRNA parallel the changes in type I transglutaminase activity observed under similar culture conditions. These data indicate that pTG-7 encodes the mRNA for transglutaminase type I and that expression of this mRNA is negatively regulated by retinoic acid.
Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by an immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody to human vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor121. (1995)

We elucidated the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF), which is a potent angiogenic factor, and the growth of primary and metastatic tumors using an immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody against human VEGF/VPF121. The monoclonal antibody, MV303, suppressed the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced by VEGF/VPF121 or VEGF/VPF165 but did not inhibit its growth induced by basic fibroblast growth factor. MV303 inhibited the binding of 125I-VEGF/VPF121 to HUVEC. We examined the effects of MV303 on tumor angiogenesis using a membrane chamber packed with the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 and implanted s.c. into BALB/c mice. The neovascularization induced by HT-1080 was inhibited by the i.v. injection of MV303 at a dose of 100 micrograms/mouse. Furthermore, the growth of solid tumors of s.c. implanted HT-1080 in BALB/c nude mice was almost completely inhibited by the i.v. and s.c. administration of MV303 ten times from day 1 at a dose of 100 micrograms/mouse (T/C values of tumor volume at day 18 were 0.20 and 0.18, respectively). Tumor growth was suppressed when MV303 was administered, even from eight days after tumor inoculation. MV303 suppressed the increase in lung weight caused by experimental metastasis with i.v. inoculation of cultured HT-1080 cells to BALB/c nude mice. The life spans of the mice treated with MV303 were significantly prolonged. These results indicated that VEGF/VPF played an important role in both primary and metastatic tumor growth as a tumor angiogenesis factor. MV303, an immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody against VEGF/VPF, potently inhibited both primary and metastatic tumor growth with no marked side effects.
Multiple Isoforms of Heparan Sulfate d-Glucosaminyl 3-O-Sulfotransferase (1999)

3-O-Sulfated glucosaminyl residues are rare constituents of heparan sulfate and are essential for the activity of anticoagulant heparan sulfate. Cellular production of the critical active structure is controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme, heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-1 (3-OST-1) (EC 2.8.2.23). We have probed the expressed sequence tag data base with the carboxyl-terminal sulfotransferase domain of 3-OST-1 to reveal three novel, incomplete human cDNAs. These were utilized in library screens to isolate full-length cDNAs. Clones corresponding to predominant transcripts were obtained for the 367-, 406-, and 390-amino acid enzymes 3-OST-2, 3-OST-3A, and 3-OST-3B, respectively. These type II integral membrane proteins are comprised of a divergent amino-terminal region and a very homologous carboxyl-terminal sulfotransferase domain of approximately 260 residues. Also recovered were partial length clones for 3-OST-4. Expression of the full-length enzymes confirms the 3-O-sulfation of specific glucosaminyl residues within heparan sulfate (Liu, J., Shworak, N. W., Sinaÿ, P., Schwartz, J. J. Zhang, L., Fritze, L. M. S., and Rosenberg, R. D. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5185-5192). Southern analyses suggest the human 3OST1, 3OST2, and 3OST4 genes, and the corresponding mouse isologs, are single copy. However, 3OST3A and 3OST3B genes are each duplicated in humans and show at least one copy each in mice. Intriguingly, the entire sulfotransferase domain sequence of the 3-OST-3B cDNA (774 base pairs) was 99.2% identical to the same region of 3-OST-3A. Together, these data argue that the structure of this functionally important region is actively maintained by gene conversion between 3OST3A and 3OST3B loci. Interspecific mouse back-cross analysis identified the loci for mouse 3Ost genes and syntenic assignments of corresponding human isologs were confirmed by the identification of mapped sequence-tagged site markers. Northern blot analyses indicate brain exclusive and brain predominant expression of 3-OST-4 and 3-OST-2 transcripts, respectively; whereas, 3-OST-3A and 3-OST-3B isoforms show widespread expression of multiple transcripts. The reiteration and conservation of the 3-OST sulfotransferase domain suggest that this structure is a self-contained functional unit. Moreover, the extensive number of 3OST genes with diverse expression patterns of multiple transcripts suggests that the novel 3-OST enzymes, like 3-OST-1, regulate important biologic properties of heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
On-scalp MEG system utilizing an actively shielded array of optically-pumped magnetometers (2019)

The spatial resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) can be increased from that of conventional SQUID-based systems by employing on-scalp sensor arrays of e.g. optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs). However, OPMs reach sufficient sensitivity for neuromagnetic measurements only when operated in a very low absolute magnetic field of few nanoteslas or less, usually not reached in a typical magnetically shielded room constructed for SQUID-based MEG. Moreover, field drifts affect the calibration of OPMs. Static and dynamic suppression of interfering fields is thus necessary for good-quality neuromagnetic measurements with OPMs. Here, we describe an on-scalp MEG system that utilizes OPMs and external compensation coils that provide static and dynamic shielding against ambient fields. In a conventional two-layer magnetically shielded room, our coil system reduced the maximum remanent DC-field component within an 8-channel OPM array from 70 to less than 1 nT, enabling the sensors to operate in the sensitive spin exchange relaxation-free regime. When compensating field drifts below 4 Hz, a low-frequency shielding factor of 22 dB was achieved, which reduced the peak-to-peak drift from 1.3 to 0.4 nT and thereby the standard deviation of the sensor calibration from 1.7% to 0.5%. Without band-limiting the field that was compensated, a low-frequency shielding factor of 43 dB was achieved. We validated the system by measuring brain responses to electric stimulation of the median nerve. With dynamic shielding and digital interference suppression methods, single-trial somatosensory evoked responses could be detected. Our results advance the deployment of OPM-based on-scalp MEG in lighter magnetic shields.
On-board integration of compact printed WiFi antennas with existing DECT antenna system (2008)

Compact 2.4 GHz WiFi printed antennas based on a ldquotwistedrdquo slot approach have been designed and integrated on a board taking into account isolation requirements with an existing DECT module (1.9 GHz) for simultaneous WiFi and DECT operations. The obtained isolation between WiFi and DECT antennas of 30 dB has been ensured thanks to quarter wavelength slot stubs and a proper positioning of the antennas on the board. This isolation level allows the use of low-cost filters on WiFi and DECT RF chains.
Generic summaries for indexing in information retrieval – Detailed test results (2021)

This paper examines the use of generic summaries for indexing in information retrieval. Our main observations are that: – With or without pseudo-relevance feedback, a summary index may be as effective as the corresponding fulltext index for precision-oriented search of highly relevant documents. But a reasonably sophisticated summarizer, using a compression ratio of 10–30%, is desirable for this purpose. – In pseudo-relevance feedback, using a summary index at initial search and a fulltext index at final search is possibly effective for precision-oriented search, regardless of relevance levels. This strategy is significantly more effective than the one using the summary index only and probably more effective than using summaries as mere term selection filters. For this strategy, the summary quality is probably not a critical factor, and a compression ratio of 5–10% appears best.
Control of macrophage cell differentiation in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. (1983)

Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells in a dose (3 X 10(-10) to 10(-7) M) and time (1 to 6 days)-dependent manner by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the tumor promoter, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. Differentiation was determined by an increase in the percentage of morphologically mature cells, in lysozyme and nonspecific esterase activities, and in reactivity with the murine OKM1 monoclonal antibody. Two HL-60 cell variants, designated as R-80 and B-II, were also examined. R-80 cells, which are resistant to induction of cell differentiation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, also exhibited resistance, although to a lesser degree, to induction of cell differentiation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The resistance to the action of the two compounds is presumably not due to similar binding sites for the two inducers, since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was unable to compete for the phorbol diester binding sites as measured by [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding. B-II cells were resistant to induction of cell differentiation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, retinoic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of HL-60 cell protein patterns indicated that treatment of the HL-60 cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, retinoic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide caused the cells to express various monocyte-macrophage and granulocyte marker proteins. None of the inducers caused a protein pattern identical to that of peripheral monocytes or granulocytes in the HL-60 cells, but the protein pattern of the HL-60 cells treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was the closest to that of peripheral blood monocytes. These results indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces in the HL-60 cells a phenotype that resembles, but is not identical to, that of peripheral monocytes-macrophages.
Pavlov's Bugs: Matching Repair Policies with Rewards (2009)

Software maintenance engineers devote a significant amount of work to repairing user-identified errors. But user, maintainer, and manager perceptions of an error's importance can vary, and bug-repair assignment policies can adversely affect those perceptions.
MAP2 and tau segregate into dendritic and axonal domains after the elaboration of morphologically distinct neurites: an immunocytochemical study of cultured rat cerebrum (1987)

We sought to determine whether the strict segregation of MAP2 and tau into somatodendritic and axonal compartments in situ was maintained in dissociated neuronal cultures of the rat cerebrum. Cultures grown under serum-free conditions were immunolabeled with monoclonal antibodies specific for MAP2 and tau. At 14 d after plating, a clear distinction between MAP2- and tau-immunoreactive neurites was apparent. MAP2-immunoreactive neurites were relatively short, thick, tapering, and branched. Tau-immunoreactive neurites formed a crisscrossing meshwork of long, fine-caliber neurites, which, in more densely plated cultures, had a tendency to form thick, ropelike fascicles. Unlike the MAP2 pattern, tau antibodies labeled somata only lightly. Since distinct populations of neurites were labeled with the 2 antibodies, we sought to observe the development of the topographically distinct compartments by double-labeled immunocytochemistry with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to MAP2 and tau. Cells observed within the first 8 hr after plating demonstrated equally intense MAP2 and tau immunoreactivity in a coextensive distribution throughout the cell body and initial neurites. By 16 hr, some neurites began to assume dendritic and axonal features; however, many such processes contained reaction product for both MAP2 and tau. Beginning at this time, neurites that appeared axonal showed a progressively weaker reaction with MAP2 antibodies, and neurites that appeared dendritic showed a progressively weaker reaction with tau antibodies. In most neurites the diminution appeared to occur uniformly over the entire extent of the neurite. During this transformation period there were occasional axon-like neurites that contained MAP2 immunoreactivity proximally, while tau immunoreactivity extended over the entire length of the neurite. We conclude that neurons in culture are able to compartmentalize MAP2 and tau into their appropriate processes and only attain an apparently homogeneous population of one of these MAPs after the neuron has assumed dendritic and axonal features. The analysis also lends indirect support to the hypothesis that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) form this association at the distal extent of the growing neurite.