gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. (2015)

There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Intestinal disorders include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and coeliac disease, while extra-intestinal disorders include allergy, asthma, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
Microfocused Ultrasound with Visualization and Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Improving Skin Laxity and Cellulite Appearance (2017)

Combination treatment with MFU-V and diluted CaHA is effective for improving skin laxity and the appearance of cellulite on the buttocks and upper thighs.
Oncoprotein Akt/PKB induces trophic effects in murine models of Parkinson's disease (2006)

Despite promising preclinical studies, neurotrophic factors have not yet achieved an established role in the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases. One impediment has been the difficulty in providing these macromolecules in sufficient quantity and duration at affected sites. An alternative approach is to directly activate, by viral vector transduction, intracellular signaling pathways that mediate neurotrophic effects. We have evaluated this approach in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, neurons affected in Parkinson's disease, by adeno-associated virus 1 transduction with a gene encoding a myristoylated, constitutively active form of the oncoprotein Akt/PKB. Adeno-associated virus Myr-Akt has pronounced trophic effects on dopamine neurons of adult and aged mice, including increases in neuron size, phenotypic markers, and sprouting. Transduction confers almost complete protection against apoptotic cell death in a highly destructive neurotoxin model. Activation of intracellular neurotrophic signaling pathways by vector transfer is a feasible approach to neuroprotection and restorative treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Application of Genomic Technologies to Human Prostate Cancer (2006)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy in U.S. males and has a broad spectrum of clinical behavior ranging from indolent to lethal. Microarray technology has provided unprecedented opportunity to explore the genetic processes underlying prostate cancer by providing a comprehensive survey of a cell's transcriptional landscape. Prostate cancer, however, has posed significant challenges that have contributed to inconsistent results between studies and difficulty replicating findings. Despite these challenges, several important insights have been gained along with new clinical biomarkers of diagnosis and prognosis. Continued improvements in methods of tissue preparation, microarray technology and data analysis will overcome existing challenges and fuel future discoveries.
New mechanism based serine protease inhibitors: inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, human leukocyte cathepsin G, and chymotrypsin by 3-chloroisocoumarin and 3,3-dichlorophthalide (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew mechanism based serine protease inhibitors: inhibition of human leukocyte elastase, porcine pancreatic elastase, human leukocyte cathepsin G, and chymotrypsin by 3-chloroisocoumarin and 3,3-dichlorophthalideJ. Wade Harper, Keiji Hemmi, and James C. PowersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 21, 6518–6520Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00359a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (361 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electroporation Theory: Concepts and Mechanisms (2003)

The basic features of electrical and mechanical behavior of electroporated cell membranes are reasonably well established experimentally. Overall, the electrical and mechanical features of electroporation are consistent with a transient aqueous pore hypothesis, and several features, such as membrane rupture and reversible electrical breakdown, are reasonably well described quantitatively. This gives confidence that "electroporation" is an attractive hypothesis, and that the appearance of temporary pores owing to the simultaneous contributions of thermal fluctuations ("kT energy") and an elevated transmembrane voltage ("electric field energy") is the microscopic basis of electroporation.
Ternary Weight Networks (2016)

We present a memory and computation efficient ternary weight networks (TWNs) - with weights constrained to +1, 0 and -1. The Euclidian distance between full (float or double) precision weights and the ternary weights along with a scaling factor is minimized in training stage. Besides, a threshold-based ternary function is optimized to get an approximated solution which can be fast and easily computed. TWNs have shown better expressive abilities than binary precision counterparts. Meanwhile, TWNs achieve up to 16$\times$ model compression rate and need fewer multiplications compared with the float32 precision counterparts. Extensive experiments on MNIST, CIFAR-10, and ImageNet datasets show that the TWNs achieve much better result than the Binary-Weight-Networks (BWNs) and the classification performance on MNIST and CIFAR-10 is very close to the full precision networks. We also verify our method on object detection task and show that TWNs significantly outperforms BWN by more than 10\% mAP on PASCAL VOC dataset. The pytorch version of source code is available at: https://github.com/Thinklab-SJTU/twns.
Synthesis and structure of pure SiO2 chabazite: the SiO2 polymorph with the lowest framework density (1998)

A SiO2 material with the lowest framework density (15.4 SiO2 nm–3) and the largest void volume fraction (nearly 50%) ever reported for crystalline silica polymorphs has been synthesised, and its structure solved by direct methods and fully refined using low-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data.
INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 Is the Same Gene as REVOLUTA (2000)

The recently cloned INTERFASCICULAR FIBERLESS1 ( IFL1 ) gene encodes a homeodomain–leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP) that spatially regulates fiber differentiation in Arabidopsis ([Zhong and Ye, 1999][1]). Mutations of the IFL1 gene are recessive and highly pleiotropic. In ifl1 mutants, normal
Authentication of Forensic Audio Recordings (1990)

A detailed description is given of the procedures of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to determine whether an investigative or other forensic tape is an original or a duplicate, and whether there have been any alterations to the recording. Information is provided on contributor submitted material, the playback of recordings, an analysis overview, critical listening, physical inspection, magnetic development, instrumental analyses (waveform, narrow-band spectrum, and spectrographic), miscellaneous techniques, examination examples, training of examiners, evidence handling, and testimony
IL-1-mediated expression of membrane type matrix-metalloproteinase in rheumatoid osteoblasts. (2000)

These results suggest that IL-1 beta induces MMP-2 activation in part by up-regulating MT-MMP expression and represents a new mechanism for cytokine-mediated articular destruction in RA.
Minimally modified low density lipoprotein induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. (1990)

After exposure to low density lipoprotein (LDL) that had been minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL), human endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured separately or together produced 2- to 3-fold more monocyte chemotactic activity than did control cells or cells exposed to freshly isolated LDL. This increase in monocyte chemotactic activity was paralleled by increases in mRNA levels for a monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) that is constitutively produced by the human glioma U-105MG cell line. Antibody that had been prepared against cultured baboon smooth muscle cell chemotactic factor (anti-SMCF) did not inhibit monocyte migration induced by the potent bacterial chemotactic factor f-Met-Leu-Phe. However, anti-SMCF completely inhibited the monocyte chemotactic activity found in the media of U-105MG cells, EC, and SMC before and after exposure to MM-LDL. Moreover, monocyte migration into the subendothelial space of a coculture of EC and SMC that had been exposed to MM-LDL was completely inhibited by anti-SMCF. Anti-SMCF specifically immunoprecipitated 10-kDa and 12.5-kDa proteins from EC. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into the immunoprecipitated proteins paralleled the monocyte chemotactic activity found in the medium of MM-LDL stimulated EC and the levels of MCP-1 mRNA found in the EC. We conclude that (i) SMCF is in fact MCP-1 and (ii) MCP-1 is induced by MM-LDL.
The isolation and characterization of a Norwalk virus-specific cDNA. (1991)

Norwalk virus, an important cause of epidemic, acute, nonbacterial gastroenteritis in adults and children, has eluded adaptation to tissue culture, the development of an animal model, and molecular cloning. In this study, a portion of the Norwalk viral genome encoding an immunoreactive region was cloned from very small quantities of infected stool using sequence-independent single primer amplification. Six overlapping complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were isolated by immunologic screening. The expressed recombinant protein from a representative clone reacted with six of seven high titer. Norwalk-specific, postinfection sera but not with corresponding preinfection sera. Nucleic acid sequence for all clones defined a single open reading frame contiguous with the lambda gt11-expressed beta-galactosidase protein. Only oligonucleotide probes specific for the positive strand (defined by the open reading frame) hybridized to an RNaseA-sensitive, DNaseI-resistant nucleic acid sequence extracted from Norwalk-infected stool. Furthermore, RNA extracted from serial postinfection, but not preinfection, stools from three of five volunteers hybridized to a Norwalk virus cDNA probe. Clone-specific oligonucleotide probes hybridized with cesium chloride gradient fractions containing purified Norwalk virion. In conclusion, an antigenic, protein-coding region of the Norwalk virus genome has been identified. This epitope has potential utility in future sero- and molecular epidemiologic studies of Norwalk viral gastroenteritis.
Expression of the Caenorhabditis elegans collagen genes col-1 and col-2 is developmentally regulated. (1985)

The total collagen gene expression as well as the specific expression of two sequenced Caenorhabditis elegans collagen genes, col-1 and col-2, has been investigated. Northern blots of RNA isolated from animals at different developmental stages were probed under conditions that allow cross-hybridization of all collagen sequences. The majority of hybridization is to transcripts of 1.1-1.4 kilobases (kb) in length, with weak hybridization to some larger transcripts. Different size patterns, within the 1.1-1.4-kb ranges, are seen in RNAs from different developmental stages. Gene-specific probes were produced from the C. elegans collagen genes col-1 and col-2, and each was shown to hybridize to a single size transcript in the 1.1-1.4-kb region. The col-1 transcript was found in all the developmental stages examined, but its abundance varied between stages. The col-2 transcript was detected only in a single developmental stage, during formation of the dauer larvae. The 5' and the 3' ends of the col-1 and col-2 transcripts were determined by S1 nuclease digestion experiments. Both genes have the common "TATA" and "CAAT" box sequences preceding the 5' end of their transcripts and there is strong sequence homology in their 5' untranslated regions. Multiple copies of an eight-nucleotide repeat sequence were found upstream from both col-1 and col-2.
SUPPRESSION OF RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN THE RAT BY CLASS I ANTIGENS ON PURIFIED ERYTHROCYTES (1985)

In the rat a single i.v. injection of donor whole blood (0.5 ml) 7 days before a renal allograft leads to complete suppression of rejection and permanent acceptance of the graft in DA(RT1a)-to-LEW(RT1(1], LEW-to-DA, and (DA X LEW)F1-to-DA combinations. This effect is donor-specific. Purified erythrocyte preparations were used for pretreatment (8 X 10(9) erythrocytes) 7 days before transplantation in the same strain combinations. The contamination by leukocytes was 1300 per 8 X 10(9) erythrocytes after one method of preparation, but only 1.3 per 8 X 10(9) erythrocytes after further purification by affinity chromatography. Both preparations of purified erythrocytes were able to suppress rejection and induce permanent acceptance of an allograft. The role of contaminating leukocytes in the first preparation was further excluded by pretreating rats with 1300 lymphocytes, but in these animals allografts were rejected in the normal fashion. The effect of the erythrocyte pretreatment was donor-specific, dose-dependent, only effective if given by the i.v. route, and not effective if given less than 7 days before transplantation. Furthermore neither lymphocytotoxic nor erythrocyte binding antibody could be detected in rats pretreated with purified erythrocytes. These experiments show convincingly that, in the rat--in the strain combinations tested--pretreatment with erythrocytes, that express cell surface class I MHC antigens, but not class II products, can induce specific suppression of rejection of a renal allograft.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Activity Is Required for Androgen-Stimulated Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer (2004)

Despite the specificity inferred by its name, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta is an important kinase with a plethora of significant cellular targets, including cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors, and its activity is regulated by phosphorylation on tyrosine/serine residues. As part of our efforts to dissect the molecular basis responsible for androgen-independent progression of prostate cancer, we investigated the role of GSK-3beta in androgen-stimulated gene expression in human prostate cancer cells. Pretreatment of prostate cancer cells harboring wild-type or mutant androgen receptor with the GSK-3beta inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl), RO318220, or GF109203X, inhibited R1881-stimulated androgen-responsive reporter activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of two endogenous androgen-stimulated gene products, prostate-specific antigen and matrix metalloproteinase-2, was suppressed by the GSK-3beta inhibitors in those cells. Most importantly, knocking down GSK-3beta expression via a small interference RNA-mediated gene silencing approach also reduced R1881-stimulated gene expression, demonstrating the specificity of GSK-3beta involvement. Moreover, R1881 treatment of the cells increased phosphorylation status of GSK-3beta on tyrosine residue Y(216) but not on serine residue S(9). Pretreatment of the cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or wortmannin, which blocks androgen action in cells, abolished R1881-induced GSK-3beta Y(216) phosphorylation. However, the phosphatidylinositol 3kinase or GSK-3beta inhibitors did not block R1881-induced nuclear translocation of androgen receptor. Finally, knocking down the expression of Akt or beta-catenin, the two GSK-3beta-related signaling molecules, via siRNA-mediated gene silencing did not significant affect R1881-stimulated gene expression. These findings suggest that GSK-3beta activity is required for androgen-stimulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells.
Transoral Robotic Surgery of the Skull Base: A Cadaver and Feasibility Study (2010)

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The goal of this study was to determine the potential role as well as the current limitations of the da Vinci Surgical System robot in transoral surgery of the skull base. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The da Vinci robot was used to perform dissections of the skull base on 7 cadaver heads with their neck and clavicles intact. Neurosurgeons and otolaryngologists familiar with all facets of the open microscopic, minimally invasive, endoscopic and transoral robotic surgical procedure proceeded with the approach to and dissection of the human skull base. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The da Vinci robot provided superb illumination and 3-dimensional depth perception. The 30- degree endoscope improved cephalad visualization, and the ‘intuitive’ nature of the da Vinci surgical robot arms provided an advantage by their ability to suture the dura at the level of the clivus. An entirely transoral route provides access to the middle and lower clivus as well as the infratemporal fossa, but access to the sellar region and anterior cranial fossa is limited via a purely transoral route. Tremor-free dural closure was successfully performed. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Our findings suggest that transoral robotic surgery utilizing the da Vinci robot system holds great potential for skull base surgical resection of extradural and intradural tumors of the middle and lower clivus and infratemporal fossa. A collaborative approach with neurosurgeon and otolaryngologist alternating at the master console and bedside is a successful strategy. Further instrument development is necessary, and continued investigation is warranted.
The Involvement of Cell-to-Cell Signals in the Development of a Bacterial Biofilm (1998)

Bacteria in nature often exist as sessile communities called biofilms. These communities develop structures that are morphologically and physiologically differentiated from free-living bacteria. A cell-to-cell signal is involved in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. A specific signaling mutant, a lasI mutant, forms flat, undifferentiated biofilms that unlike wild-type biofilms are sensitive to the biocide sodium dodecyl sulfate. Mutant biofilms appeared normal when grown in the presence of a synthetic signal molecule. The involvement of an intercellular signal molecule in the development of P. aeruginosa biofilms suggests possible targets to control biofilm growth on catheters, in cystic fibrosis, and in other environments where P. aeruginosa biofilms are a persistent problem.
Detection of circulating tumor cells in men with localized prostate cancer. (1994)

Circulating tumor cells can be detected in the blood of a subset of patients with clinically localized CaP and a larger subset of patients with progressive metastatic disease.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of β-Alanyltyrosine Derivative of 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate, and Its Use in Radiobinding Assay for 2′,5′-Oligoadenylate1 (1987)

beta-Alanyltyrosine derivative of 2',5'-tetraadenylate 5'-triphosphate, pppA2'p5'A2'-p5'A2'p5'A-beta-Ala-Tyr was prepared by coupling of periodate-oxidized pppA2'p5'-A2'p5'A2'p5'A with beta-alanyltyrosine methyl ester, followed by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. Its stability to 2',5'-phosphodiesterase and phosphatase was investigated in mouse L cell extract. The 5'-triphosphate of the compound was cleaved gradually to form the 5'-dephosphorylated derivative, A2'p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A-beta-Ala-Tyr, followed by slow degradation of the 2',5'-phosphodiester bond. On the other hand, pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A was hydrolyzed very quickly under the same conditions. The tetramer derivative bound tightly to the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-dependent endoribonuclease in rabbit reticulocyte lysate or mouse L cell extract and inhibited protein synthesis of mouse L cells more effectively than the unmodified 2',5'-tetraadenylate 5'-triphosphate. The corresponding trimer derivative had slightly weaker activities than the unmodified trimer for binding to the endoribonuclease and for inhibition of protein synthesis. The compound, pppA2'p5'A2'p5'-A2'p5'A-beta-Ala-Tyr, was iodinated easily at the tyrosine residue with 125I, giving a high-specific-radioactivity derivative which was used as a radio-labeled probe in a radiobinding assay for 2',5'-oligoadenylate.
Mice Deficient for All PIM Kinases Display Reduced Body Size and Impaired Responses to Hematopoietic Growth Factors (2004)

The Pim family of proto-oncogenes encodes a distinct class of serine/threonine kinases consisting of PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3. Although the Pim genes are evolutionarily highly conserved, the contribution of PIM proteins to mammalian development is unclear. PIM1-deficient mice were previously described but showed only minor phenotypic aberrations. To assess the role of PIM proteins in mammalian physiology, compound Pim knockout mice were generated. Mice lacking expression of Pim1, Pim2, and Pim3 are viable and fertile. However, PIM-deficient mice show a profound reduction in body size at birth and throughout postnatal life. In addition, the in vitro response of distinct hematopoietic cell populations to growth factors is severely impaired. In particular, PIM proteins are required for the efficient proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes mediated by synergistic T-cell receptor and interleukin-2 signaling. These results indicate that members of the PIM family of proteins are important but dispensable factors for growth factor signaling.
Restricted neutralization of divergent human T-lymphotropic virus type III isolates by antibodies to the major envelope glycoprotein. (1986)

By analogy to other retroviruses, the major envelope glycoprotein, gp120, of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is a probable target for neutralizing antibody. This antigen has been purified from H9 cells chronically infected with the HTLV-IIIB prototype strain. Several goats immunized with the gp120 produced antibodies that neutralized infection of H9 cells by the homologous virus isolate. These same sera failed to neutralize the divergent HTLV-IIIRF isolate. Individuals infected with HTLV-III commonly develop antibodies to gp120 that could be isolated by using the gp120 antigen coupled to an immunoadsorbent resin. The antibody fraction that bound tightly to such a resin was found to neutralize the IIIB but not the RF isolate in a similar fashion as the goat anti-gp120 sera. However, the nonbinding fraction (effluent) from the resin also contained neutralizing activity that was able to block infection by both virus isolates with similar efficacy. Human antibodies to the other virus envelope gene product, the transmembrane gp41, were also affinity purified by utilizing the recombinant peptide 121, but these failed to influence infection by either virus isolate.
Photo‐CVD for VLSI Isolation (1984)

This paper reviews the technique of photochemical‐assisted vapor deposition (photo‐CVD), and its applications in silicon IC processing. The photo‐CVD process deposits films (PHOTOX™) at temperatures as low as 50°C. The deposition process, the resulting film properties, and the use of PHOTOX for lateral isolation among transistors and vertical isolation between two‐level interconnects are discussed. A novel process employing PHOTOX deposition in conjunction with a photoresist liftoff can be used to achieve totally isoplanar isolation. Photo‐CVD can also be extended to produce other dielectrics such as silicon nitride and aluminum oxide.