gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. The genome of the M strain of M. marinum comprises a 6,636,827-bp circular chromosome with 5424 CDS, 10 prophages, and a 23-kb mercury-resistance plasmid. Prominent features are the very large number of genes (57) encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and the most extensive repertoire yet reported of the mycobacteria-restricted PE and PPE proteins, and related-ESX secretion systems. Some of the NRPS genes comprise a novel family and seem to have been acquired horizontally. M. marinum is used widely as a model organism to study M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, and genome comparisons confirmed the close genetic relationship between these two species, as they share 3000 orthologs with an average amino acid identity of 85%. Comparisons with the more distantly related Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis reveal how an ancestral generalist mycobacterium evolved into M. tuberculosis and M. marinum. M. tuberculosis has undergone genome downsizing and extensive lateral gene transfer to become a specialized pathogen of humans and other primates without retaining an environmental niche. M. marinum has maintained a large genome so as to retain the capacity for environmental survival while becoming a broad host range pathogen that produces disease strikingly similar to M. tuberculosis. The work described herein provides a foundation for using M. marinum to better understand the determinants of pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Dimethoxy-7-morphinanone: A Potential Route to Morphine (2000)

[reaction: see text] Diastereoselective synthesis of racemic 3,4-dimethoxy-7-morphinanone from racemic 2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-ol has been achieved. The relative structure has been determined by transformation of the product into the known 3, 4-dimethoxy-6-morphinanone. Resolution of the starting cyclohexenol has also been accomplished for use in a future enantiocontrolled synthesis of morphine.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Bicolored Janus Particles with Electrical Anisotropy Using a Microfluidic Co‐Flow System (2006)

A planar microfluidic system produces monodisperse biphasic droplets that are subsequently polymerized to form bicolored Janus microspheres (see figure). Engineered spheres have a dipolar character and can be electrically actuated for application in a particle-based electronic paper display. A scale-up approach using multiple-channel integration on a chip is also described, which achieves high throughput for practical material production.
Retours vers la comptabilité (2003)

n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement.
Specificity of Urea Binding to Proteins (1994)

The binding of urea to the small globular proteins bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and PEC-60 was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The conformation of the proteins was unaffected in the temperature range 4-36 °C and urea concentrations up to 8 M. Intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) observed between the proteins and urea at 4 °C showed preferential binding of urea to pockets and grooves on the protein surfaces. These NOEs disappear at higher temperatures indicating kinetic lability of the urea binding on a nanosecond time scale. The binding constants were measured by following the amide proton chemical shifts as a function of urea concentration. The average values of the binding constants in the reaction protein + urea 5=» protein-urea were between about 0.1 and 0.3 with a trend to lower values at higher temperatures. Some of the binding sites identified by intermolecular NOEs with urea showed binding constants above the average but never above 1. The data indicate that aqueous urea solutions present a rather uniform environment to proteins, where preferential binding of urea to defined conformational sites occurs, but the interactions are weak and short lived.
Expression of parathyroid hormone related protein in normal skin and in tumours of skin and skin appendages (1989)

Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) has been demonstrated in the tumour cells of squamous cell carcinomas originating in a variety of organs, in undifferentiated small cell tumours of the bronchus, and in carcinoma of the kidney. The protein hormone is thought to produce the hypercalcaemia which may complicate some of these malignancies. By using an antibody raised in rabbits against the N-terminal portion of the molecule, the polypeptide may be demonstrated in cells of the prickle cell layer of normal skin and in the cells of hair follicles. Skin tumours showing squamous or hair follicle differentiation are shown to contain the protein antigen, while basal cell carcinomas and tumours with sweat gland differentiation do not. The hormone may be primordial in origin and the progenitor of parathyroid hormone.
Exploring Electronically Polarized Pentacenes (2008)

Unsymmetrically functionalized pentacenes with electron-rich and/or -poor substituents at the 6- and 13-positions were synthesized. The electronic influence was evaluated by solution-state UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. These materials exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents and are stable in the presence of air and water.
Differential effects of chemical inducers on expression of beta globin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells. (1977)

Murine erythroleukemia cells are induced to erythrodifferentiate by polar compounds such as dimethyl sulfoxide and hexamethylene bisacetamide as well as by fatty acids such as butyric acid and propionic acid. The effect of these inducers on the expression of two beta globin genes, betamaj and betamin, during the course of differentiation of the cells has been examined. After 4 days of culture with hexamethylene bisacetamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, the betamaj-containing hemoglobin (Hbmaj) predominates. By contrast, in the presence of butyric acid or propionic acid, after 4 days of culture, relatively equal amounts of Hbmaj and Hbmin are found. When cultured with dimethyl sulfoxide or hexamethylene bisacetamide, murine erythroleukemia cells synthesize more betamaj than betamin, while about equal amounts of the two globins are synthesized in the presence of butyric acid. When poly(A)-containing RNA from the cells exposed to different inducers is translated in a wheat germ cell-free system, the ratio of betamaj to betamin synthesized reflects that in whole cells. In a strain of murine erythroleukemia cells resistant to dimethyl sulfoxide (DR-10), the preferential stimulation of betamaj synthesis by hexamethylene bisacetamide of the betamin synthesis by butyric acid is more pronounced than with the dimethyl sulfoxide-sensitive cells (DS-19). These data suggest that polar compounds and fatty acids cause different expression of the betamaj and betamin genes in murine erythroleukemia cells.
Proactive self-healing system based on multi-agent technologies (2005)

Most distributed computing environments today are extremely complex and time-consuming for human administrators to manage. Thus, there is increasing demand for the self-healing and self-diagnosing of problems or errors arising in systems operating within today's ubiquitous computing environment. This paper proposes a proactive self-healing system that monitors, diagnoses and heals its own internal problems using self-awareness as contextual information. The proposed system consists of Multi-Agents that analyze the log context, error events and resource status in order to perform self-healing and self-diagnosis. To minimize the resources used by the Adapters, which monitor the logs in an existing system, we place a single process in memory. By this, we mean a single Monitoring Agent monitors the context of the logs generated by the different system components. For rapid and efficient self-healing, we use a 6-step process. The effectiveness of the proposed system is confirmed through practical experiments conducted with a prototype system.
Activity of Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody C225 against Glioblastoma Multiforme (2002)

OBJECTIVE Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) secondary to EGFR gene amplification is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype and a worse clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether blocking this receptor with the anti-EGFR chimeric monoclonal antibody C225 would decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis in GBM cells. METHODS EGFR expression and amplification were analyzed for seven human GBM cell lines. These lines were then exposed to different concentrations of C225 for 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days, after which time cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were assessed in vitro. Two EGFR-amplified human GBM were implanted in the flanks of nude mice, and the animals received C225 twice per week intraperitoneally for 5 weeks. Tumor volumes and survival times were compared with those of sham-treated mice. RESULTS EGFR gene amplification was demonstrated in three of the primary GBM lines. C225 treatment produced significant cytotoxicity in all three EGFR-amplified GBM lines, but not in unamplified lines. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased apoptosis in C225-treated, EGFR-amplified GBM lines, but not in unamplified lines. There was a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor expression in all GBM lines with exposure to C225. Tumor-bearing mice treated with C225 experienced significant inhibition of tumor growth as well as a 200% increase in median survival. CONCLUSION Blocking EGFR in GBM cells that overexpress this receptor significantly changes tumor cell biology by promoting apoptosis while decreasing proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. This approach holds great promise for the treatment of patients with GBMs.
FLEXIBLE WIRELESS PASSIVE PRESSURE SENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS (2006)

Passive resonant sensors have been studied by many groups as an approach to sensing of physical properties in inaccessible locations without the need for incorporating any on-board power sources. In this work, we report two types of wireless flexible micromachined passive pressure sensors. Since the devices are flexible, they can be rolled or folded into compact shapes suitable for catheter-based delivery into the body. One design is semihermetic, intended for acute use. A second design is hermetic, intended for chronic use. Standard flexible and ceramic electronics packaging techniques are used to fabricate the devices. Devices were tested acutely in vivo for > 30 days in canine models simulating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) which incorporated a wired reference pressure transducer. The sensor real-time dynamic pressure waveforms were measured and compared to acute devices, with indications for potential extensions to chronic use.
Manufacturing cheap, resilient, and stealthy opaque constructs (1998)

It has become common to distribute software in forms that are isomorphic to the original source code. An important example is Java bytecode. Since such codes are easy to decompile, they increase the risk of malicious reverse engineering attacks.In this paper we describe the design of a Java code obfuscator, a tool which - through the application of code transformations - converts a Java program into an equivalent one that is more difficult to reverse engineer.We describe a number of transformations which obfuscate control-flow. Transformations are evaluated with respect to potency (To what degree is a human reader confused?), resilience (How well are automatic deobfuscation attacks resisted?), cost (How much time/space overhead is added?), and stealth (How well does obfuscated code blend in with the original code?).The resilience of many control-altering transformations rely on the resilience of opaque predicates. These are boolean valued expressions whose values are known to the obfuscator but difficult to determine for an automatic deobfuscator. We show how to construct resilient, cheap, and stealthy opaque predicates based on the intractability of certain static analysis problems such as alias analysis.
Membrane Topology of the Mannose Transporter of Escherichia coli K12 (1996)

The mannose transporter of the bacterial phosphotransferase system mediates carbohydrate transport across the cytoplasmic membrane concomitant with carbohydrate phosphorylation. It also functions as a receptor for bacterial chemotaxis [Adler.J. & Epstein, W. (1974) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 71. 2895-2899] and is required for infection of the cell by bacteriophage lambda where it most likely functions as a pore for penetration of phage DNA [Elliott, J. & Arber, W. (1978) Mol. & Gen. Genet. 161, 1-8]. The transporter consists of two transmembrane subunits (27-kDa IICMan and 31-kDa IIDMan) and a hydrophilic subunit (35-kDa IIABMan). Protein fusions of IICMan and IIDMan with beta-galactosidase (LacZ) and with alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) were analyzed to determine the membrane topology of the two proteins. Protein fusions were obtained by progressively deleting the manY and manZ genes from their 3' ends and ligating them to lacZ and 'phoA that lack promotor and leader sequences. Based on the analysis of 30 IICMan-PhoA. 10 IICMan-LacZ, 12 IIDMan-PhoA, and 30 IIDMan-LacZ fusions, it is predicted that IICMan has six membrane-spanning segments with the N- and C-termini on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. IIDMan is anchored in the membrane by a single membrane-spanning segment at the end of the C-terminus, while most of the protein (250 residues) protrudes into the cytoplasm.
Lack of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Modulates Plaque Composition in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2004)

These results suggest an important role of IL-1Ra in the suppression of lesion development during early atherogenesis and furthermore indicate its role in the modulation of plaque composition.
Synthesis, characterization, and potential use of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone as a marker for irradiated chicken (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and potential use of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone as a marker for irradiated chickenDerek R. Boyd, Anne V. J. Crone, John T. G. Hamilton, Mark V. Hand, Mary H. Stevenson, and Paul J. StevensonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 4, 789–792Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00004a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shapely polysaccharides. The eighth Colworth Medal Lecture (1972)

Research Article| January 01 1972 Shapely polysaccharides. The eighth Colworth Medal Lecture D A Rees D A Rees 1Delivered at a Meeting of the Biochemical Society on 3 September 1971 at the University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K., and on 24 November 1971 at Unilever Research Laboratory, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1972 London: The Biochemical Society1972 Biochem J (1972) 126 (2): 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1260257 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D A Rees; Shapely polysaccharides. The eighth Colworth Medal Lecture. Biochem J 1 January 1972; 126 (2): 257–273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1260257 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1972 London: The Biochemical Society1972 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) Domain of SH2-containing Inositol Phosphatase (SHIP) Is Essential for Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SHIP, Its Association with Shc, and Its Induction of Apoptosis (1997)

In this study we have investigated the role that the Src homology 2 domain (SH2) of the 145-kDa 5-phosphatase, SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), plays in three of the properties that have been associated with this protein following cytokine stimulation: its association with Shc, its tyrosine phosphorylation, and its inhibition of hemopoietic cell growth. In vitro studies using this SH2 domain revealed that it was capable of binding directly to the Tyr(P)317 motif of Shc with a KD of approximately 290 nM, in keeping with other specific SH2/Tyr(P) interactions. In vivo analysis revealed the SH2 and NPXpY motifs of SHIP acted together, with the Tyr(P)317 and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains of Shc, respectively, to ensure a high affinity SHIP.Shc complex. Expression of cDNAs encoding hemagglutinin-tagged wild type and SH2-inactivated forms of SHIP in the murine hemopoietic cell line DA-ER revealed that wild type SHIP becomes both tyrosine-phosphorylated and associated with Shc following interleukin-3 stimulation, as expected, but the SH2-inactivated SHIPs do neither. Moreover, while the growth rates of parental DA-ER cells and cells expressing these various SHIP constructs are identical, the wild type SHIP-expressing cells die, via programmed cell death, far more rapidly than parental cells. Cells expressing SH2-inactivated SHIPs, on the other hand, show either a reduced or no effect on apoptosis. These results suggest that the SH2 domain of SHIP is required not only for the tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP and Shc association following cytokine stimulation but also for its induction of apoptosis.
Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (2010)

Rosiglitazone inhibited the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia, perhaps by reversing the changes in PPARgamma, ET-1 and VEGF expression induced by hypoxia. These findings indicate that rosiglitazone may be beneficial in the treatment of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Regulation of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D (2007)

The outcome of an encounter between a cytotoxic cell and a potential target cell depends on the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors. Natural Killer group 2D (NKG2D) has recently emerged as a major activating receptor on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. In both humans and mice, multiple different genes encode ligands for NKG2D, and these ligands are non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The NKG2D-ligand interaction triggers an activating signal in the cell expressing NKG2D and this promotes cytotoxic lysis of the cell expressing the ligand. Most normal tissues do not express ligands for NKG2D, but ligand expression has been documented in tumour and virus-infected cells, leading to lysis of these cells. Tight regulation of ligand expression is important. If there is inappropriate expression in normal tissues, this will favour autoimmune processes, whilst failure to up-regulate the ligands in pathological conditions would favour cancer development or dissemination of intracellular infection.
The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. (1993)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the primary etiologic agent of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis, is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis worldwide. The most efficient transmission of HCV is associated with percutaneous exposures to blood, but such exposures account for less than half of reported cases. Sexual, household, and perinatal transmission also seem to occur, but the risks associated with these types of exposures are still unknown. Virtually all persons with acute HCV infection seem to become chronically infected, and chronic liver disease with persistently elevated liver enzymes develops in an average of 67%, independent of the source for infection. The extraordinarily high rate of persistent infection observed in humans and the lack of protection against rechallenge with homologous HCV strains demonstrated in experimental studies in chimpanzees suggest that HCV fails to induce an effective neutralizing antibody response. This raises major concerns for the development of effective passive or active immunization against hepatitis C, and prevention may depend on a better understanding of the factors that facilitate the transmission of HCV infection.
Alzheimer brain-derived tau oligomers propagate pathology from endogenous tau (2012)

Intracerebral injection of brain extracts containing amyloid or tau aggregates in transgenic animals can induce cerebral amyloidosis and tau pathology. We extracted pure populations of tau oligomers directly from the cerebral cortex of Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. These oligomers are potent inhibitors of long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal brain slices and disrupt memory in wild type mice. We observed for the first time that these authentic brain-derived tau oligomers propagate abnormal tau conformation of endogenous murine tau after prolonged incubation. The conformation and hydrophobicity of tau oligomers play a critical role in the initiation and spread of tau pathology in the naïve host in a manner reminiscent of sporadic AD.