gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opposing and Hierarchical Roles of Leukotrienes in Local Innate Immune versus Vascular Responses in a Model of Sepsis (2005)

The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)-derived leukotrienes (LTs) influence both local innate immunity and vascular responses, but the relative importance of effects on these two processes in sepsis is unknown. In a cecal ligation and puncture model of peritonitis with severe sepsis, 5-LO(-/-) mice showed a reduction in peritoneal neutrophil accumulation and an increase in the number of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity. Despite this impairment of local innate immunity, the null mice exhibited a marked improvement in survival, and this protection was also seen in wild-type animals treated with the LT synthesis inhibitor MK 886. A survival advantage in severe sepsis was also observed in mice treated with the cysteinyl-LT receptor antagonist MK 571, but not with the LTB(4) receptor antagonist CP 105, 696. Protection in the 5-LO(-/-) mice was associated with reduced vascular leak and serum lactate levels. Moreover, wild-type mice treated with MK 571 exhibited less sepsis-induced hypotension. These data demonstrate opposing effects of cysteinyl-LTs on innate immune vs hemodynamic responses, demonstrating protective effects on local immunity and deleterious effects on the vasculature. They also suggest the possible therapeutic utility of targeting vascular events in sepsis with cysteinyl-LT blockade.
Generic Insect Repellent Detector from the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster (2011)

For the first time we have demonstrated that the fruit fly avoids not only DEET but also IR3535 and picaridin, and identified an olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), which is sensitive to these three major insect repellents. We have also identified the insect repellent-sensitive receptor, DmOr42a. This generic detector fulfils the requirements for a simplified bioassay for early screening of test insect repellents.
Comparison of ex vivo inhibitory effect between 2‐hydroxyestradiol and its 17‐sulfate on rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation (2003)

Two endogenous antioxidants that are speculated to be defense substances against preeclampsia, 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2) and its 17-sulfate, 2-hydroxyestradiol 17-sulfate (2-OH-E2-17-S), were administered to rats to compare their inhibitory effects on hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation, and the lipid peroxides were determined in NADPH- and ascorbic acid-dependent systems. The two catechols showed a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in both systems, and the effect was dose dependent. However, a large difference was observed in their inhibition patterns. After administration of 2-OH-E2, the effect appeared immediately and decreased gradually with time. In contrast, the effect of 2-OH-E2-17-S appeared some time after administration and persisted for a longer time. Both catechols also showed a striking difference in their dynamics. After administration, 2-OH-E2 was detected in the blood together with its metabolites, 2-methoxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestrone, and they disappeared immediately. In contrast, 2-OH-E2-17-S was present in the blood for a longer time together with its O-methylated product, 2-methoxyestradiol 17-sulfate, but disappeared from liver microsomes within 2 h after administration. The results imply no occurrence of a direct inhibition effect of 2-OH-E2-17-S.
Synergistic interaction between complement receptor type 2 and membrane IgM on B lymphocytes. (1988)

We sought biochemical evidence for a role of C receptors types 1 (CR1) and 2 (CR2) in B cell activation. A flow cytometer was used to measure the fluorescence of tonsillar cells that had been loaded with the calcium-dependent indicator indo-1, and cells were stimulated by cross-linking cell-bound DA4.4 anti-IgM, Yz-1 anti-CR1 or HB5 anti-CR2 with goat anti-mouse IgG. There was a direct dose-response relationship between the proportion of cells having increased cytoplasmic free calcium concentration (Cai) after addition of second antibody and the amount of cell-bound Fab' DA4.4. In contrast, no rise in Cai was observed after cross-linking bound Yz-1 or HB5. To determine whether CR1 or CR2 could modify the increase in Cai induced by cross-linking membrane IgM, Cai was monitored after addition of second antibody to cells bearing combinations of either Yz-1 or HB5 with a limited amount of DA4.4. The combination of Yz-1 with DA4.4 yielded little or no further increase in the percentage of cells responding to cross-linking with elevated Cai compared with DA4.4 alone. However, the combination of HB5 with limited DA4.4 synergistically enhanced this response, resulting in stimulation that was equivalent to that obtained with optimal concentrations of DA4.4. The synergistic effect of CR2 was also observed with avidin as the cross-linking reagent for bound biotinylated HB5 and DA4.4, occurred in the presence of EGTA, and did not require T cells. Studies of the proliferation of B cell-enriched PBMC demonstrated that, whereas HB5 coupled to Sepharose alone induced little or no DNA synthesis, the combination of HB5 with limited DA4.4 on Sepharose induced a dose-related synergistic increase in the incorporation of [3H]thymidine.
Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. (1989)

Oral nimodipine 60 mg four hourly is well tolerated and reduces cerebral infarction snd improves outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Megakaryocyte growth factors. (1990)

A substantial body of data now indicate that megakaryocytopoiesis is regulated, like erythropoiesis, on at least two levels--a constitutive maintenance of progenitor cells and a megakaryocyte pool that respond to thrombopoietic stimuli in response to altered platelet demand. The above model is assembled on the following observations: (a) Megakaryocyte progenitors are not regulated by platelet mass and therefore are not controlled via thrombopoietin, (b) IL-3 is the most potent stimulator of megakaryocyte progenitor cells described thus far, and therefore is a likely candidate for in-vivo maintenance of progenitor cell numbers, (c) thrombopoietin is the major stimulus for megakaryocyte development into platelets with their subsequent release into the circulation. Can such a model meet physiological requirements? It is not clear that IL-3 can be produced in the bone marrow. At best it can be speculated that megakaryocyte progenitors are sustained by an "IL-3-like" or GM-CSF mechanism but the triggering mechanism may be membrane bound or via a separate molecule that activates a similar mechanism. It is quite possible that IL-3 has little to do with normal megakaryocytopoiesis, and that IL-3 levels are elevated only in immune responses that stimulate T cells to release IL-3. It is now known that IL-3 will stimulate all levels of megakaryocyte development, and this system may be a thrombopoietin-independent nonspecific mechanism of platelet formation. Such a concept demands that IL-3 can stimulate platelet release in the in-vivo thrombopoietin assay, as should appropriate stimulation in vivo by a strong and specific T-cell mitogen. A second hypothesis is that IL-3 may be involved in a synergistic pathway with either TSF or thrombopoietin, based on the synergy between these two types of activities in cell culture. This concept requires that IL-3 be produced in very low but active amounts in the bone marrow or by an IL-3-like mechanism. Amplification of the IL-3-type-induced signal would then depend on the second factor. This mode requires only low levels of IL-3 (may be sub-threshold by Northern blot analysis or biological assays). Synergy with thrombopoietin with IL-3 or an IL-3-like mechanism would mean that only low levels of thrombopoietin would also be required to sustain normal megakaryocytopoiesis. This concept fits earlier data where thrombopoiesis persists at reduced rates in transfusion-induced thrombocytotic mice. Thus, in thrombocytopenic conditions, when thrombopoietin levels become elevated, an increased rate of megakaryocytopoiesis would be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Molecular profiles of EGFR, K-ras, c-met, and FGFR in pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma, a rare lung malignancy (2011)

Given the diverse repertoire of mutational profiles observed in PPC samples, clinical trials based on accurate cancer-genotyping should be considered as a legitimate treatment scheme for this rare disease entity in the future.
Missed Congenital Heart Disease in Neonates (2010)

Death or readmission events in neonates under 2 weeks of age because of a missed diagnosis of congenital heart disease occurred in 1 : 24 684 neonates in the state of Wisconsin between 2002 and 2006. Critical left sided obstructive lesions were the most common cause of these events.
Second Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Appropriate concepts and technology for unsaturated soils (1979)

A practical science has not been fully developed for unsaturated soils for two main reasons. First, there has been the lack of an appropriate science with a theoretical base. Second, there has been the lack of an appropriate technology to render engineering practice financially viable.This paper presents concepts that can be used to develop an appropriate engineering practice for unsaturated soils. The nature of an unsaturated soil is first described along with the accompanying stress conditions. The basic equations related to mechanical properties are then proposed. These are applied to practical problems such as earth pressure, limiting equilibrium, and volume change.An attempt is made to demonstrate the manner in which saturated soil mechanics must be extended when a soil is unsaturated. Two variables are required to describe the stress state of an unsaturated soil (e.g., (σ – u a ) and (u a – u W ). There is a smooth transition from the unsaturated case to the saturated case since the pore-air pressure becomes equal to the pore-water pressure as the degree of saturation approaches 100%. Therefore, the matrix suction (i.e., (u a – u W ) goes to 0 and the pore-water pressure can be substituted for the pore-air pressure (i.e., (σ – u W )).The complete volumetric deformation of an unsaturated soil requires two three-dimensional constitutive surfaces. These converge to one two-dimensional relationship for a saturated soil. The shear strength for an unsaturated soil is a three-dimensional surface that reduces to the conventional Mohr–Coulomb envelope for a saturated soil.The manner of applying the volumetric deformation equations and the shear strength equation to practical problems is demonstrated. For earth pressure and limiting equilibrium problems, the unsaturated soil can be viewed as a saturated soil with an increased cohesion. The increase in cohesion is proportional to the matrix suction of the soil. For volume change problems it is necessary to have an indication of the relationship between the various soil moduli.There is a need for further experimental studies and case histories to substantiate the proposed concepts and theories.
Learning Curve for Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumors (2004)

A low complication rate and a high complete ablation rate could be achieved with the accumulated experience from the first 50 cases of RFA for liver tumors by a specialized team. This study demonstrates that there is a significant learning curve in RFA for liver tumors.
Anti‐inflammatory Properties of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

The valence and oxygen defect properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) suggest that they may act as auto-regenerative free radical scavengers. Overproduction of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammation. NO is correlated with disease activity and contributes to tissue destruction. The ability of nanoceria to scavenge free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibit inflammatory mediator production in J774A.1 murine macrophages is investigated. Cells internalize nanoceria, the treatment is nontoxic, and oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory iNOS protein expression are abated with stimulation. In vivo studies show nanoceria deposition in mouse tissues with no pathogenicity. Taken together, it is suggested that cerium oxide nanoparticles are well tolerated in mice and are incorporated into cellular tissues. Furthermore, nanoceria may have the potential to reduce ROS production in states of inflammation and therefore serve as a novel therapy for chronic inflammation.
Can Lignin Be Accurately Measured? (2005)

Forages serve an important role in providing nutrients to ruminants while providing positive benefits to the environment. Forage cell wall digestibility is incomplete because of several structural features within the wall, but digestion is mostly inversely correlated with the amount of lignification that has occurred during cell wall development. Lignin is a hydrophobic polymer formed through enzyme‐mediated radical coupling of monolignols, mainly coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. The polymer is highly resistant to degradation and generally passes through the ruminant unmodified. Though lignin is resistant to degradation, it is not easily quantified within various types of forages. Numerous methods have been developed over the years to measure lignin levels in different plant species. Most frequently used among workers involved with forage development or utilization are the acid detergent, Klason, and permanganate lignin methods. More recently, acetyl bromide has received attention as a possible lignin determination method. The acetyl bromide method is dependent on determining the absorbance of the extract in which all the lignin of a sample has been dissolved. Each of these methods gives different lignin values for the same type of forage sample. For example, acid detergent, Klason, permanganate, and acetyl bromide lignin methods give quite different values for alfalfa stems: 93, 145, 158, and 135 g lignin kg −1 cell wall, respectively. These differences can be even greater for grasses: 25, 77, 45, and 92 g kg −1 cell wall from corn ( Zea mays L.) stalks analyzed by acid detergent, Klason, permanganate, and acetyl bromide lignin methods, respectively. This paper will discuss the different lignin determination methods and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each as they relate to forage sample analysis.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblast cells induces a receptor for C3b. (1985)

Abstract We recently demonstrated that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) induces a receptor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells for complement component C3b (C3bR). We assigned this receptor function to HSV 1 viral glycoprotein C (gC) based on several observations: tunicamycin, which prevents glycosylation and expression of N-linked glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells, markedly reduced expression of the C3bR; monoclonal antibodies to HSV 1 gC blocked detection of the C3bR, whereas monoclonal antibodies to other HSV 1 glycoproteins (gB, gD, gE) had no effect; and the MP mutant of HSV 1, which fails to express gC, did not induce C3bR. We now report that HSV 1 induces C3bR on a wide variety of cell types including bovine thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery endothelial cells, human embryonic lung and embryonic foreskin fibroblasts, and human embryonic kidney cells. To date, all cells studied that are permissive to HSV 1 express C3bR, although the pattern of rosetting of C3b-coated erythrocytes varies among the cell strains examined. We also demonstrate that C3bR expression is not a general response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to injury, because three other viruses (adenovirus 7, measles, and mumps) do not induce C3bR after infection of these cells. Previously we had shown that among herpes simplex viruses, a variety of HSV 1 strains induce C3bR, whereas HSV 2 strains do not. We now demonstrate that other herpes family viruses (CMV and VZV) do not express C3bR. Therefore, C3bR expression appears to be unique for HSV 1 and occurs on a wide variety of cells permissive to this virus.
Vacuum spark and spherical pinch x-ray/EUV point sources (1999)

The technology of x-ray/EUV point plasma sources is competing with the multiple beam synchrotrons as radiation sources for submicron lithography. The company ALFT has been doing research and development on two plasma point sources for several years now. They are the vacuum spark (VSX) and spherical pinch (SPX) technologies. Both have a long history of previous research to support the contention that are well qualified to be converted into technological tools for the manufacturing of the next generation of IC chips. The VSX is essentially a miniature discharge capable of emitting soft x-ray radiation. Because the plasma emits a small dose of x- ray in each spark, it is necessary to repeat the phenomenon at high frequency in order to meet the requirement for microlithography. The SPX is mainly a strong source of EUV/X-ray radiation that operates at a frequency of one hertz or more.
Presence of Gal‐α1,3Gal epitope on xenogeneic lines: implications for cellular gene therapy based on the encapsulation technology (2003)

Exposure to human serum induces the lysis of xenogeneic cells through natural antibodies and complement activation. The carbohydrate Galactose-alpha1,3-Galactose (Gal-alpha1,3-Gal) epitope, has been shown to be the principal antigenic determinant on target cells. This reaction is, therefore, particularly important for xenogeneic cell-based therapy. As a first step toward the evaluation of the impact of this phenomenon for encapsulated xenogeneic cells, we have evaluated the presence of the Gal-alpha1,3Gal epitope on two cell lines currently being used for the systemic delivery of protein in the periphery or the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In the second part of the study, we have tested and compared human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the presence of xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNAs) and their potential impact on the survival of xenogeneic cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis indicated that baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressed low levels of the alpha-Gal epitope, whereas mouse myoblast C2C12 cells were extensively stained with the specific IB4-lectin. There was a direct correlation between serum killing and the level of Gal-alpha1,3-Gal epitope expression on these cells. Importantly, we showed that CSF did not lyse BHK and C2C12 cells as determined by cytotoxic crossmatch assays. The reaction was specific as the addition of soluble Gal-alpha1,3-Gal sugar to human serum effectively reduced cell killing, and the overproduction of alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase in BHK cells significantly increased inactivation by human serum. To interfere with this antibody-antigen reaction and develop cell lines particularly suitable for cell-based therapy, we either selected C2C12 clones expressing low levels of Gal-alpha1,3-Gal or high levels of alpha-1,2-fucosyltransferase. These cells were found to be resistant to complement-mediated cytolysis. These strategies may, therefore, protect encapsulated xenogeneic cells transplanted in the periphery or the central nervous system even in an unlikely event of a blood-brain barrier breakage and the post-transplantation development of an antibody response.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Human Ovarian Cancer: miR-214 Induces Cell Survival and Cisplatin Resistance by Targeting PTEN (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) represent a novel class of genes that function as negative regulators of gene expression. Recently, miRNAs have been implicated in several cancers. However, aberrant miRNA expression and its clinicopathologic significance in human ovarian cancer have not been well documented. Here, we show that several miRNAs are altered in human ovarian cancer, with the most significantly deregulated miRNAs being miR-214, miR-199a*, miR-200a, miR-100, miR-125b, and let-7 cluster. Further, we show the frequent deregulation of miR-214, miR-199a*, miR-200a, and miR-100 in ovarian cancers. Significantly, miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance through targeting the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the PTEN, which leads to down-regulation of PTEN protein and activation of Akt pathway. Inhibition of Akt using Akt inhibitor, API-2/triciribine, or introduction of PTEN cDNA lacking 3'-UTR largely abrogates miR-214-induced cell survival. These findings indicate that deregulation of miRNAs is a recurrent event in human ovarian cancer and that miR-214 induces cell survival and cisplatin resistance primarily through targeting the PTEN/Akt pathway.
Recombinant human fibrinogen and sulfation of the .gamma.' chain (1991)

Human fibrinogen and the homodimeric gamma'-chain-containing variant have been expressed in BHK cells using cDNAs coding for the alpha, beta, and gamma (or gamma') chains. The fibrinogens were secreted at levels greater than 4 micrograms (mg of total cell protein)-1 day-1 and were biologically active in clotting assays. Recombinant fibrinogen containing the gamma' chain incorporated 35SO4 into its chains during biosynthesis, while no incorporation occurred in the protein containing the gamma chain. The identity of the sulfated gamma' chain was verified by its ability to form dimers during clotting. In addition, carboxypeptidase Y digestion of the recombinant fibrinogen containing the gamma' chain released 96% of the 35S label from the sulfated chain, and the radioactive material was identified as tyrosine O-sulfate. These results clarify previous findings of the sulfation of tyrosine in human fibrinogen.
Increased functional cell surface expression of CFTR and ΔF508-CFTR by the anthracycline doxorubicin (2001)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease that is caused by mutations within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The most common mutation, DeltaF508, accounts for 70% of all CF alleles and results in a protein that is defective in folding and trafficking to the cell surface. However, DeltaF508-CFTR is functional when properly localized. We report that a single, noncytotoxic dose of the anthracycline doxorubicin (Dox, 0.25 microM) significantly increased total cellular CFTR protein expression, cell surface CFTR protein expression, and CFTR-associated chloride secretion in cultured T84 epithelial cells. Dox treatment also increased DeltaF508-CFTR cell surface expression and DeltaF508-CFTR-associated chloride secretion in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. These results suggest that anthracycline analogs may be useful for the clinical treatment of CF.
Adverse Neurological Reactions in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Coadministration of Cycloserine and Ofloxacin (1993)

Journal Article Adverse Neurological Reactions in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Coadministration of Cycloserine and Ofloxacin Get access W. W. Yew, W. W. Yew Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Wing Wai Yew, Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. F. Wong, C. F. Wong Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. C. Wong, P. C. Wong Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Lee, J. Lee Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. H. Chau C. H. Chau Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital, Hong Kong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 17, Issue 2, August 1993, Pages 288–289, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/17.2.288 Published: 01 August 1993