gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2 (2005)

Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins function as inhibitors of members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors and have been demonstrated to play an important role in regulating lymphopoiesis. However, the role of these proteins in regulation of myelopoiesis is currently unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of Id1 and Id2 in the regulation of granulopoiesis. Id1 expression was initially up-regulated during early granulopoiesis, which was then followed by a decrease in expression during final maturation. In contrast, Id2 expression was up-regulated in terminally differentiated granulocytes. In order to determine whether Id expression plays a critical role in regulating granulopoiesis, Id1 and Id2 were ectopically expressed in CD34(+) cells by retroviral transduction. Our experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of Id1 inhibits eosinophil development, whereas in contrast neutrophil differentiation was modestly enhanced. Constitutive Id2 expression accelerates final maturation of both eosinophils and neutrophils, whereas inhibition of Id2 expression blocks differentiation of both lineages. Transplantation of beta2-microglobulin(-/-) nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice with CD34(+) cells ectopically expressing Id1 resulted in enhanced neutrophil development, whereas ectopic expression of Id2 induced both eosinophil and neutrophil development. These data demonstrate that both Id1 and Id2 play a critical, although differential role in granulopoiesis.
Stereospecific Synthesis by the Sodium Salt Glycosylation Method of Halogeno Benzimidazole 2′ -Deoxyribose Analogues of the Inhibitor of hnRNA Synthesis, 5,6-Dichloro-1-(β-ᴅ-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (DRB) (1985)

The recently developed stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure has been successfully applied to the synthesis of the beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosides of benzimidazole, 5,6-dihalogeno benzimidazoles, and some 2-substituted analogues in high yield. The 5,6-dibromo analogue was obtained by bromination of the parent nucleoside. These have all been characterized by spectroscopic methods, including 1H NMR, which permitted analyses of their solution conformations and comparison with those of the corresponding ribofuranosides. Some biological aspects, including preliminary results on cytotoxicity and antiviral activity, are briefly considered.
Co-Culture of Ovine Ova with Oviductal Cells in Medium 199 (1988)

Three experiments were conducted to test the suitability of medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (M199FCS) as a medium for co-culture of one-cell sheep ova with sheep oviductal cells. In Exp. 1, ova were co-cultured for 5 d in 5 ml of M199FCS or in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (F10FCS). Co-culture did not increase the number of cleavages at the end of 5 d of culture, but M199FCS supported more cleavages than did F10FCS (P = .016). In Exp. 2, ova were cultured for 1 to 3 d in M199FCS alone or on oviductal, uterine or kidney cell monolayers from ewes 2 d postestrus and transferred to recipients from which they were recovered at 8 d postestrus. Co-culture with oviductal cells improved (P less than .001) the cleavage index of recovered embryos compared with culture in medium alone or co-culture with other cell types. In Exp. 3, monolayers of oviductal cells from ewes 2 d postestrus and from luteal-phase ewes were cultured as in Exp. 2. No difference was observed between the two sources of oviductal cells for their ability to support in vitro development of one-cell sheep eggs for 1 or 2 d. These studies suggest that M199FCS may be a good medium to use in an oviductal cell co-culture system for one-cell sheep ova. Results further suggest that specific secretions of oviductal cells may be important for early embryo development in vivo.
A Carbon Nanotube Field-Emission Electron Source (1995)

A high-intensity electron gun based on field emission from a film of aligned carbon nanotubes has been made. The gun consists of a nanotube film with a 1-millimeter-diameter grid about 20 micrometers above it. Field-emission current densities of about 0.1 milliampere per square centimeter were observed for applied voltages as low as 200 volts, and current densities greater than 100 milliamperes per square centimeter have been realized at 700 volts. The gun is air-stable, easy and inexpensive to fabricate, and functions stably and reliably for long times (short-term fluctuations are on the order of 10 percent). The entire gun is only about 0.2 millimeter thick and can be produced with virtually no restrictions on its area, from less than 1 square millimeter to hundreds of square centimeters, making it suitable for flat panel display applications.
Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates distant organ injury in a murine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis* (2004)

Treatment with ethyl pyruvate ameliorated the local inflammatory response and decreased local and distant organ injury in a murine model of necrotizing pancreatitis.
In the rheumatoid pannus, anti-filaggrin autoantibodies are produced by local plasma cells and constitute a higher proportion of IgG than in synovial fluid and serum (2000)

IgG anti-filaggrin autoantibodies (AFA) are the most specific serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They include the so-called 'anti-keratin antibodies' (AKA) and anti-perinuclear factor (APF), and recognize human epidermal filaggrin and other (pro)filaggrin-related proteins of various epithelial tissues. In this study we demonstrate that AFA are produced in rheumatoid synovial joints. In 31 RA patients, AFA levels were assayed at equal IgG concentrations in paired synovial fluids (SF) and sera. AFA titre-like values determined by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting and AFA concentrations determined by ELISA were non-significantly different in serum and SF, clearly indicating that AFA are not concentrated in SF. In contrast, we demonstrated that AFA are enriched in RA synovial membranes, since the ELISA-determined AFA in low ionic-strength extracts of synovial tissue from four RA patients represented a 7.5-fold higher proportion of total IgG than in paired sera. When small synovial tissue explants from RA patients were cultured for a period of 5 weeks, the profile of IgG and AFA released in the culture supernatants was first consistent with passive diffusion of the tissue-infiltrating IgG (including AFA) over the first day of culture, then with a de novo synthesis of IgG and AFA. Therefore, AFA-secreting plasma cells are present in the synovial tissue of RA patients and AFA can represent a significant proportion of the IgG secreted within the rheumatoid pannus.
Field extraction method from existing forms transmitted by facsimile (2002)

In this paper, we present a field extraction method in form reading application, for existing forms transmitted by facsimile. In faxed form images, it is difficult to determine field locations exactly due to distortions on the form images. To overcome this problem, exclusive forms have been used. In order to make the field extraction easy, these exclusive forms have restrictions on the style. However, existing forms have various styles and no restrictions. Thus, it is hard to read faxed existing forms. The proposed method corrects the location of fields by estimating the geometric transformation of the form image based on the pairs of corresponding feature-points extracted on the form image and a form model. These feature-points can be extracted from table lines, underlines, character strings, and illustrations on existing forms. Moreover, the method estimates the geometric transformation with robustness for the illegal pairs of corresponding feature-points. These characteristics allow the method to read existing forms transmitted by fax. The experimental results with 50 different types of existing forms reveal the effectiveness of the method.
L-ORNITHINE ASPARTATE AMONG CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE? (2006)

Background: Hepatic Encephalopathy is a complication of liver failure. Over the last two decades, studies have shown the beneficial use of lowering drugs, particularly amino acids, such ornithine-aspartate among patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Objectives: To determine the effectivity of L-ornithine aspartate among patients with cirrhosis complicated with hepatic encephalopathy. Search strategy: An electronic search using MEDLINE, Pubmed, Medscape, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library Documents. Search terms included L-ornithine aspartate searched with liver cirrhosis and/ or hepatic encephalopathy. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of L-ornithine asparate and placebo for at least 7 days among patients diagnosed with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. Decisions regarding inclusion of data were duplicated while disagreements were resolved by discussion or a third party. Data collection & analysis: Three reviewers assessed trial quality and compared outcomes independently. Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and relative risk ratios were computed using Revman Manager 4.2.8. Heterogeneity was determined using forest plots, chi 2 and I 2 tests. Main results: Three RCTs met the criteria and were included in the study (n = 277). Treatment with Lornithine aspartate showed that there was a significant improvement to patient's mental state after therapy as compared to placebo with a fixed OR 0.42 (CI 95% 0.23, 0.78). However, there was no significant change in the mean PSE Index between therapy and placebo (WMD 0.09 CI 95% 0.05, 0.13). On the other hand, no summary statistics can be derived from the pooled data with regards to change in the mean ammonia level because of the significant heterogeneity in the included trials. Reviewers' conclusions: Although the evidence from the three RCTs suggests that L-ornithine aspartate is effective in improving the mental state gradient, more high quality trials are required to conclusively determine the benefit of L-ornithine aspartate among cirrhotic patients. Category: Liver; Article: Meta-analysis; Key words: L-ornithine aspartate, hepatic encephalopathy, Portal systemic encephalopathy index or PSE index
Recurrent neural networks for voice activity detection (2013)

We present a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) model for voice activity detection. Our multi-layer RNN model, in which nodes compute quadratic polynomials, outperforms a much larger baseline system composed of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and a hand-tuned state machine (SM) for temporal smoothing. All parameters of our RNN model are optimized together, so that it properly weights its preference for temporal continuity against the acoustic features in each frame. Our RNN uses one tenth the parameters and outperforms the GMM+SM baseline system by 26% reduction in false alarms, reducing overall speech recognition computation time by 17% while reducing word error rate by 1% relative.
Optimising anti‐tumour CD8 T‐cell responses using combinations of immunomodulatory antibodies (2008)

Immunostimulatory mAb as vaccine adjuvants for the treatment of cancer hold considerable potential for boosting weak responses when used against immunogenic tumours, or in combination with various other vaccines. We now show that when administered with OVA, the combination of anti-4-1BB mAb with anti-CD40, anti-OX40 or anti-CD25 resulted in a fourfold enhancement in the antigen-specific T-cell response compared with anti-4-1BB mAb alone, with a similar enhancement in memory responses following rechallenge with OVA. Although the number of antigen-specific T-cells generated after treatment with each of the combinations was similar, marked functional differences were detected. In particular, anti-4-1BB/anti-CD25 resulted in excellent expansion of specific CD8+ T cells but produced fewer IFN-gamma-secreting effector cells than the other combinations. Anti-4-1BB/anti-OX40 proved to be the most potent, inducing the most effective T-cell responses in the RIPmOVA diabetes model with adoptively transferred OVA-specific T cells, and, when given with a peptide vaccine, protecting mice against the poorly immunogenic B16-F10 tumour. Overall the results suggest that although these combinations of mAb look promising in terms of their therapeutic potential, further functional assays are needed to compare their effects.
Common Interaction Surfaces of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Cytoplasmic Domain Stimulate Multiple Nuclear Targets (2003)

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates the host response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by promoting the activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes. To activate each gene, numerous signal transduction pathways are required. The adaptor proteins MyD88 and TIRAP contribute to the activation of several and possibly all pathways via direct interactions with TLR4's Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) (TIR) domain. However, additional adaptors that are required for the activation of specific subsets of pathways may exist, which could contribute to the differential regulation of target genes. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether direct interactions that have been reported between TIR domains and other proteins are required for TLR4 signaling. To address these issues, we systematically mutated the TLR4 TIR domain in the context of a CD4/TLR4 fusion protein. Several exposed residues defining at least two structural surfaces were required in macrophages for activation of the proinflammatory IL-12 p40 and anti-inflammatory IL-10 promoters, as well as promoters dependent on individual transcription factors. Interestingly, the same residues were required by all promoters tested, suggesting that the signaling pathways diverge downstream of the adaptors. The mutant phenotypes provide a framework for future studies of TLR4 signaling, as the interaction supported by each critical surface residue will need to be defined.
Composite Skin Graft (1985)

Rapid closure of burn wounds significantly reduces the complications associated with thermal injury. Successful wound coverage, however, is often limited by the lack of suitable autografts. To circumvent this limitation a composite graft was developed which combines the utility and availability of allogeneic skin with the permanence of an autograft. Composite grafts were first employed in a rat wound model and subsequently to treat six patients with thermal injuries. In experiments with rats, full-thickness excised (1") wounds were prepared on thoracic walls, covered with previously frozen allograft skin, dressed, and secured. Five days later, the dead epidermis was removed and trypsin-disaggregated syngeneic epidermal cells applied to the exposed dermal surface. Successful engraftment with complete epidermal coverage could be observed within 7 to 10 days. In eight patients, split-thickness skin bank allografts were placed on full-thickness burn wounds. Four days later the dead epidermis was removed and vacuum blister-prepared sheets of autologous epidermis grafted to the exposed dermal surface. In all eight patients successful engraftment ensued. Increased pigmentation at the site of each original epidermal graft confirmed the stability of underlying allograft dermis. Epidermal expansion ranged from 1:20 to 1:100. All patients were followed from 10 to 12 months with no demonstrated graft loss or significant wound contracture. Composite skin grafts which combine allogeneic dermis and an expanded autologous epidermis can effect rapid wound closure and will remain stable without evidence of rejection or graft breakdown for at least 12 months.
A Stub Generator for Multilanguage RPC in Heterogeneous Environments (1987)

A stub generator for marshalling the arguments and results of remote procedure calls in heterogeneous environments is presented. The stub generator is itself language and machine independent, and derives all its knowledge of source languages and machine types from a set of language and machine specifications. These specifications can be paired in any combination to accommodate interlanguage calls between differing machines.
The ratio of Mcl-1 and Noxa determines ABT737 resistance in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (2014)

Tumour progression and therapy resistance in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) is strongly associated with resistance to intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis. We thus investigated the role of various anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins for apoptosis protection in SCC using the BH3 agonist ABT737 that can overcome multidomain Bcl-2 protein protection. Sensitive SCC cells underwent rapid loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), subsequent apoptosis concomitant with caspase-3 activation and an early release of mitochondria-derived cytochrome c and smac/DIABLO. In contrast, ABT737 resistance in subsets of SCC cells was not explained by XIAP, important for protection from DR-induced apoptosis in SCC. Of note, ABT737 did not prime SCC cells to DR-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the ratio of Mcl-1 and Noxa determined sensitivity to ABT737: loss of Mcl-1 rendered resistant cells sensitive to ABT737, whereas loss of Noxa promoted resistance in sensitive cells. In line, suppression of Mcl-1 by the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor Obatoclax or overexpression of Noxa rendered resistant SCC cells sensitive to BH3 mimetics. Our data indicate that targeting of the Mcl-1/Noxa axis is important to overcome resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis in SCC. Therefore, combination treatment of ABT737 or derivatives with Mcl-1 inhibitors, or inducers of Noxa, may represent a novel option of targeted therapy in metastatic SCC of the skin.
Computational protein biomarker prediction: a case study for prostate cancer (2004)

Modern feature selection and classification methods are powerful techniques for both the identification of biomarker candidates and the related problem of building predictive models from protein mass spectrometric profiles. Cross-validation and randomization are essential tools that must be performed carefully in order not to bias the results unfairly. However, only a biological validation and identification of the underlying proteins will ultimately confirm the actual value and power of any computational predictions.
Gene Transfer into Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (1990)

The use of recombinant retroviral vectors to transfer genetic sequences into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is one approach to somatic gene therapy. Two limitations of such retroviral vectors are the degree of efficiency of transfer into the reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells and the loss of reconstituting ability of hematopoietic stem cells when manipulated in vitro during infection and selection. We have investigated the effects on the efficiency of gene transfer of prestimulation of hematopoietic stem cells by growth factors prior to infection. Prestimulation of bone marrow cells in WEHI-3b-conditioned media improved the efficiency of gene transfer into CFU-S stem cells. The majority of animals transplanted with bone marrow infected after prestimulation with a simplified retrovirus, Zip PGK ADA, demonstrated long-term and stable expression of human adenosine deaminase (ADA) after full hematopoietic reconstitution. In separate experiments, retroviral vectors have been used to transfer the SV40 large T antigen sequences into stromal cells making up the hematopoietic microenvironment. Stromal cells expressing large T antigen are immortalized, and some support the maintenance of day 12 CFU-S (CFU-S12) and reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells in vitro for up to 4 weeks. Such immortalized stromal cell lines provide an in vitro hematopoietic microenvironment which may allow prolonged in vitro manipulations during infection and selection of hematopoietic stem cells without loss of reconstituting ability. We are using immortalized stromal cell lines resistant to deoxycoformycin (dCF) to select transduced murine HSC containing human ADA in vitro. The use of recombinant retroviral vectors provides a promising approach to correction of human diseases involving bone marrow cells.
The TickerTAIP parallel RAID architecture (1993)

Traditional disk arrays have a centralized architecture, with a single controller through which all requests flow. Such a controller is a single point of failure, and its performance limits the maximum size that the array can grow to. We describe here TickerTAIP, a parallel architecture for disk arrays that distributed the controller functions across several loosely-coupled processors. The result is better scalability, fault tolerance, and flexibility. This paper presents the TickerTAIP architecture and an evaluation of its behavior. We demonstrate the feasibility by an existence proof; describe a family of distributed algorithms for calculating RAID parity; discuss techniques for establishing request atomicity, sequencing and recovery; and evaluate the performance of the TickerTAIP design in both absolute terms and by comparison to a centralized RAID implementation. We conclude that the TickerTAIP architectural approach is feasible, useful, and effective.
Temperature-dependent pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the S2 state multiline signal of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex. (1994)

The electron spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) of the g = 2 "multiline" manganese electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal arising from the photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex poised in the S2 state has been directly measured over the temperature range of 4.2-11 K via the inversion-recovery pulsed EPR technique. The electron spin echo amplitude of the g = 2 "multiline" signal varies inversely with temperature over this range, indicating a ground spin state Curie law behavior in agreement with our previously reported work [Britt et al. (1992) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1140, 95-101]. Results of a plot of the natural log of the electron spin-lattice relaxation rate versus reciprocal temperature are consistent with an Orbach mechanism serving as the dominant relaxation pathway for the "multiline" signal in this temperature range. The slope of the plot indicates that an excited spin state manifold exists 36.5 cm-1 above the ground-state manifold that gives rise to the "multiline" signal.
A CMOS four-channel*1K time memory LSI with 1-ns/b resolution (1992)

A four-channel 1024-b time-to-digital converter chip, which records input signals to memory cells at 1-ns intervals, has been developed. To achieve 1-ns precision, the chip incorporates a feedback stabilized delay element. The chip was fabricated on a 5.0-mm*5.6-mm die using 0.8- mu m CMOS technology. It dissipates only 7 mW/channel under typical operating conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>