gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core 1,3-fucose is a key part of the epitope recognized by antibodies reacting against plant N-linked oligosaccharides and is present in a wide variety of plant extracts (1998)

Carbohydrates have been suggested to account for some IgE cross-reactions between various plant, insect, and mollusk extracts, while some IgG antibodies have been successfully raised against plant glycoproteins. A rat monoclonal antibody raised against elderberry abscission tissue (YZ1/2.23) and rabbit polyclonal antiserum against horseradish peroxidase were screened for reactivity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against a range of plant glycoproteins and extracts as well as neoglycoproteins, bee venom phospholipase, and several animal glycoproteins. Of the oligosaccharides tested, Man3XylFucGlcNAc2(MMXF3) derived from horseradish peroxidase was the most potent inhibitor of the reactivity of both YZ1/2.23 and anti-horseradish peroxidase to native horseradish peroxidase glycoprotein. The reactivity of YZ1/2. 23 and anti-horseradish peroxidase against Sophora japonica lectin was most inhibited by a neoglycoconjugate of bromelain glycopeptide cross-linked to bovine serum albumin, while the defucosylated form of this conjugate was inactive as an inhibitor. A wide range of plant extracts was found to react against YZ1/2.23 and anti-horseradish peroxidase, with particularly high reactivities recorded for grass pollen and nut extracts. All these reactivities were inhibitable with the bromelain glycopeptide/bovine serum albumin conjugate. Bee venom phospholipase and whole bee venom reacted weakly with YZ1/2.23 but more strongly with anti-horseradish peroxidase in a manner inhibitable with the bromelain glycopeptide/bovine serum albumin conjugate, while hemocyanin from Helix pomatia reacted poorly with YZ1/2.23 but did react with anti-horseradish peroxidase. It is concluded that the alpha1, 3-fucose residue linked to the chitobiose core of plant glycoproteins is the most important residue in the epitope recognized by the two antibodies studied, but that the polyclonal anti-horseradish peroxidase antiserum also contains antibody populations that recognize the xylose linked to the core mannose of many plant and gastropod N-linked oligosaccharides.
Two-Dimensional Beamforming Using a Frequency Domain Complex Least Mean-Squares (LMS) Adaptive Filter. (1986)

The complex LMS adaptive algorithm developed by Widrow is used in the frequency domain to estimate the azimuth and elevation angles of a plane wave incident upon a planar array. The complex LMS algorithm is applied to two cases. The first case is a passive detection problem. The second case is a pulse communication problem. In both cases, complex weights are determined using the complex LMS algorithm which cophase all of the output electrical signals from the planar array. Three versions of the complex LMS algorithm are studied and their performances are compared. (Author)
A polymerase chain resction mediated by a single primer: cloning of genomic adjacent to a serotonin receptor protein coding region (1991)

Under appropriate conditions, specific double-stranded DNA product was generated after amplification of genomic DNA sequences in a polymerase chain-like reaction that contained only a single primer. This type of amplification reaction was performed with a variety of primers and substrate DNAs. In addition to nonspecific heterogeneous products, 5 of 11 primers reproducibly directed synthesis of double-stranded DNA that corresponded to the region of the template that contained the authentic primer annealing site. Three of these amplified products were cloned and their ends were sequenced. All three contained a copy of the primer at both 5' ends, and the position of one of the primers represented the authentic primer binding site. In each case, the location of the second copy of the primer indicated that it had initially hybridized to a partially homologous sequence in the template DNA. This single primer reaction makes it possible to amplify and clone a DNA region of unknown sequence that is adjacent to a known DNA sequence. One of the single primer reaction products described here included sequence to the 5' side of the coding region of a serotonin receptor gene that contained a functional promoter.
ATP-Sensitive Potassium (KATP) Channel Openers Diazoxide and Nicorandil Lower Intraocular Pressure In Vivo (2013)

K(ATP) channel openers diazoxide and nicorandil are effective regulators of IOP in mouse eyes. K(ir)6.2 appears to be a major K(ATP) channel subunit through which IOP is lowered following treatment with diazoxide.
Agricultural and Synthetic Polymers (1990)

This overview is an attempt to briefly cover the history and recent developments in environmentally degradable commodity and specialty polymers and plastics. Degradation pathways are mentioned, polymer types, including blends, are reported and the limitations of current testing protocols raised. The chapter concludes with generalizations on structural requirements for degradable polymers.
Development of a Wireless Oral-Feeding Monitoring System for Preterm Infants (2014)

Oral-feeding disorder is common in preterm infants. It not only shows the adverse effect for growth and neurodevelopment in clinical but also becomes one of the important indicators of high-risk group for neurodevelopment delay in preterm infants. Preterm infants must coordinate the motor patterns of sucking, swallowing, and respiration skillfully to avoid choking, aspiration, oxygen desaturation, bradycardia, or apnea episodes. However, up to now, the judgment and classification severity in preterm infants are mostly subjective and phasic evaluations. Directly monitoring the coordination of sucking-swallowing-breathing during oral feeding simultaneously is difficult for preterm infants. In this study, we proposed a wireless oral-feeding monitoring system for preterm infants to quantitatively monitor the sucking pressure via a designed sucking pressure sensing device, swallowing activity via a microphone to detect swallowing sound, and diaphragmatic breathing movement via surface electromyogram. Moreover, a sucking-swallowing-breathing detection algorithm is also proposed to evaluate the events of sucking-swallowing-breathing activities. Furthermore, verification of the accuracy and rationality of oral-feeding parameters with clinical findings including sucking, swallowing, and breathing in term and preterm infants had proved the practicality and value of the proposed system.
The conformational stability and flexibility of insulin with an additional intramolecular cross-link (1991)

The conformational stability and flexibility of insulin containing a cross-link between the alpha-amino group of the A-chain to the epsilon-amino group of Lys29 of the B-chain was examined. The cross-link varied in length from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The conformational stability was determined by guanidine hydrochloride-induced equilibrium denaturation and flexibility was assessed by H2O/D2O amide exchange. The cross-link has substantial effects on both conformational stability and flexibility which depend on its length. In general, the addition of a cross-link enhances conformational stability and decreases flexibility. The optimal length for enhanced stability and decreased flexibility was the 6-carbon link. For the 6-carbon link the Gibbs free energy of unfolding was 8.0 kcal/mol compared to 4.5 kcal/mol for insulin, and the amide exchange rate decreased by at least 3-fold. A very short cross-link (i.e. the 2-carbon link) caused conformational strain that was detectable by a lack of stabilization in the Gibbs free energy of unfolding and enhancement in the amide exchange rate compared to insulin. The effect of the cross-link length on insulin hydrodynamic properties is discussed relative to previously obtained receptor binding results.
Activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by Membrane-targeted Raf Chimeras Is Independent of Raft Localization (2001)

Binding of proteins to the plasma membrane can be achieved with various membrane targeting motifs, including combinations of fatty acids, isoprenoids, and basic domains. In this study, we investigate whether attachment of different membrane targeting motifs influences the signaling capacity of membrane-bound signal transduction proteins by directing the proteins to different membrane microdomains. We used c-Raf-1 as a model for a signaling protein that is activated when membrane-bound. Three different membrane targeting motifs from K-Ras, Fyn, and Src proteins were fused to the N or C terminus of Raf-1. The ability of the modified Rafs to initiate MAPK signaling was then investigated. All three modified Raf-1 constructs activated MAPK to nearly equivalent levels. The extent of localization of the Raf-1 constructs to membrane microdomains known as rafts did not correlate with the level of MAPK activation. Moreover, treatment of cells with the raft disrupting drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) caused activation of MAPK to levels equivalent to those achieved with membrane-targeted Raf constructs. The use of pharmacological agents as well as dominant negative mutants revealed that MAPK activation by MbetaCD proceeds via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism that is Ras/Raf-independent. We conclude that cholesterol depletion from the plasma membrane by MbetaCD constitutes an alternative pathway for activating MAPK.
Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps (2007)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular structures composed of chromatin and granule proteins that bind and kill microorganisms. We show that upon stimulation, the nuclei of neutrophils lose their shape, and the eu- and heterochromatin homogenize. Later, the nuclear envelope and the granule membranes disintegrate, allowing the mixing of NET components. Finally, the NETs are released as the cell membrane breaks. This cell death process is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis and depends on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease carry mutations in NADPH oxidase and cannot activate this cell-death pathway or make NETs. This novel ROS-dependent death allows neutrophils to fulfill their antimicrobial function, even beyond their lifespan.
Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRoom-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and CatalysisThomas WeltonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 8, 2071–2084Publication Date (Web):July 7, 1999Publication History Received23 November 1998Revised13 April 1999Published online7 July 1999Published inissue 11 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980032thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980032tresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59145Altmetric-Citations11083LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Ions,Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Resistance of Ticks to Chemicals (1970)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Angiopoietin-related Protein (1999)

Using degenerate polymerase chain reaction, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel 493-amino acid protein from human and mouse adult heart cDNAs and have designated it angiopoietin-related protein-2 (ARP2). The NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal and COOH-terminal portions of ARP2 contain the characteristic coiled-coil domain and fibrinogen-like domain that are conserved in angiopoietins. ARP2 has two consensus glycosylation sites and a highly hydrophobic region at the NH<sub>2</sub> terminus that is typical of a secretory signal sequence. Recombinant ARP2 expressed in COS cells is secreted and glycosylated. In human adult tissues, <i>ARP2</i> mRNA is most abundant in heart, small intestine, spleen, and stomach. In rat embryos, <i>ARP2</i> mRNA is most abundant in the blood vessels and skeletal muscles. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells also contain <i>ARP2</i> mRNA. Recombinant ARP2 protein induces sprouting in vascular endothelial cells but does not bind to the Tie1 or Tie2 receptor. These results suggest that ARP2 may exert a function on endothelial cells through autocrine or paracrine action.
Protein Kinase G Modulates Human Myocardial Passive Stiffness by Phosphorylation of the Titin Springs (2008)

The sarcomeric titin springs influence myocardial distensibility and passive stiffness. Titin isoform composition and protein kinase (PK)A-dependent titin phosphorylation are variables contributing to diastolic heart function. However, diastolic tone, relaxation speed, and left ventricular extensibility are also altered by PKG activation. We used back-phosphorylation assays to determine whether PKG can phosphorylate titin and affect titin-based stiffness in skinned myofibers and isolated myofibrils. PKG in the presence of 8-pCPT-cGMP (cGMP) phosphorylated the 2 main cardiac titin isoforms, N2BA and N2B, in human and canine left ventricles. In human myofibers/myofibrils dephosphorylated before mechanical analysis, passive stiffness dropped 10% to 20% on application of cGMP-PKG. Autoradiography and anti-phosphoserine blotting of recombinant human I-band titin domains established that PKG phosphorylates the N2-B and N2-A domains of titin. Using site-directed mutagenesis, serine residue S469 near the COOH terminus of the cardiac N2-B-unique sequence (N2-Bus) was identified as a PKG and PKA phosphorylation site. To address the mechanism of the PKG effect on titin stiffness, single-molecule atomic force microscopy force-extension experiments were performed on engineered N2-Bus-containing constructs. The presence of cGMP-PKG increased the bending rigidity of the N2-Bus to a degree that explained the overall PKG-mediated decrease in cardiomyofibrillar stiffness. Thus, the mechanically relevant site of PKG-induced titin phosphorylation is most likely in the N2-Bus; phosphorylation of other titin sites could affect protein-protein interactions. The results suggest that reducing titin stiffness by PKG-dependent phosphorylation of the N2-Bus can benefit diastolic function. Failing human hearts revealed a deficit for basal titin phosphorylation compared to donor hearts, which may contribute to diastolic dysfunction in heart failure.
Photodetection of early cancer by laser-induced fluorescence of a tumor-selective dye: apparatus design and realization (1990)

An apparatus is designed and realized to detect "early" cancer at the surface of the hollow organs in the human body by endoscopic means. The tumor is localized by the laser induced fluorescence of a dye (HPD) which concentrates selectively in the neoplastic tissue after intravenous injection. Fluorescence contrast between the tumor and its normal surroundings is enhanced by subtracting the background autofluorescence which occurs in both types of tissue. This is done by means of 2-color digital images manipulation in real-time. Preliminary clinical tests of the apparatus demonstrated the detection of carcinoma in situ in the esophagus.
Silk-based electrospun tubular scaffolds for tissue-engineered vascular grafts (2008)

Electrospinning was used to fabricate non-woven nanofibrous tubular scaffolds from Bombyx mori silk fibroin using an all aqueous process. Cell studies and mechanical characterization tests were performed on the electrospun silk tubes to assess the viability of their usage in bioengineering small-diameter vascular grafts. Human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were successfully cultured on the electrospun silk. Mechanical characterization tests demonstrated burst strength sufficient to withstand arterial pressures and tensile properties comparable to native vessels. These cellular and mechanics outcomes demonstrate potential utility of these electrospun silk scaffolds for small-diameter vascular grafts.
Double Contrast Small Bowel Follow-Through with an Acid-Resistant Effervescent Agent (1993)

The results of this new method are preliminary, yet promising. For young patients and certain indications it may provide a less invasive alternative to enteroclysis.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled evaluation of sublingual immunotherapy with standardized olive pollen extract in pediatric patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and mild asthma due to olive pollen sensitization (1998)

For evaluation of the efficacy and the safety of specific sublingual immunotherapy with high allergen dose, 66 children with seasonal asthma, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis due to sensitization to olive pollen were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study between October 1994 and October 1996 in Greece. Thirty-four patients were randomly allocated to the active group, and 32 received placebo. Immunotherapy consisted of olive-allergen extracts (Stallergènes SA) administered sublingually pre- and coseasonally from January to July for 2 consecutive years. Serial concentrations from 1 to 300 IR. were used up to the maintenance dose of 20 drops of 300 IR daily. The cumulative dose for each patient was 300 times higher than in parenteral immunotherapy, and the cumulative dose of the major allergen Ole e 1 was 8.1 mg/2 years. The patients were assessed by clinical parameters (symptom and medication scores from patients' daily diaries) and immunologic measurements (specific IgE, IgG4, eosinophil cationic protein [ECP]) were performed. The actively treated patients had a significantly lower score for dyspnea (P<0.04 during the first season; P<0.03 during the second season). At the pollinic peak during the second year, a lower score of conjunctivitis was recorded (P<0.05) in the actively treated patients. The analysis of intragroup evolution showed that the total score of rhinitis increased significantly during the pollinic peak in the group under placebo, whereas there was no symptomatic peak for the same period in the group under active treatment. However, the difference between the groups was not significant. The medication score did not differ significantly between the groups. Oral steroids were the only variables with a P value near the significance level (P=0.06) in favor of the actively treated group. A significant decrease in skin reactivity was recorded in the active group after 2 years of treatment. No significant variation in specific IgE and IgG4 was detected. A significantly lower level of serum ECP was observed at the pollinic peak in the actively treated patients during the first pollen season (P=0.01), but this was not confirmed the second year when the ECP levels doubled in both groups without correlation to the clinical findings. Tolerance was excellent with only a few minor side-effects reported. In conclusion, high-dose specific sublingual immunotherapy appears to be safe and effective in improving mild seasonal asthma and conjunctivitis linked to olive-pollen sensitization.
A class of tests for linkage using affected pedigree members. (1994)

We describe a class of nonparametric tests for linkage between a marker and a gene assumed to exist and to govern susceptibility to a disease. The tests are formed by assigning a score to each possible pattern of marker allele sharing (identity-by-descent) among affected pedigree members, and then averaging the scores over all patterns compatible with the observed marker genotype and genealogical relationship of the affected members. Different score functions give different tests. One function, which examines marker allele similarity across pairs of affected pedigree members, gives a test similar to that of Fimmers et al. (1989, in Multipoint Mapping and Linkage Based on Affected Pedigree Members: Genetic Analysis Workshop, R. C. Elston, M. A. Spence, S. E. Hodge, and J. W. MacCluer (eds), 123-128; City: Alan R. Liss). A second function examines allele similarity across arbitrary subsets, not just pairs, of affected members. The resulting test can be more powerful than the one based solely on pairs of affected members. The approach has several advantages: it does not require knowledge of the mode of disease inheritance; it does not require unambiguous determination of identity-by-descent at the marker; it does not suffer from variability due to chance allele similarity among affected members who are unrelated, such as spouses; it allows marker genotypes of unaffected members to contribute information on allele sharing among the affected; it permits calculation of exact P-values. Computational requirements limit the tests to many pedigrees with few (< 16) affected members.
Thin film interference effects in phase shifting masks causing phase and transmittance errors (1992)

Phase shifting masks have proven their potential to enhance resolution and depth-of-focus in optical lithography. Nevertheless, many questions still have to be solved, before the phase shifting concept can be introduced in production lines. Controllable mask fabrication is a major concern. This article addresses the influence of physical material properties and process steps in the attempt to fabricate phase shifting masks with acceptable phase shift and transmittance. Spectrophotometer measurements and computer simulations showed the need of matched refractive indices for all transparent materials in the reticle. Second, the sensitivity of the lithographic performance to these shifter deviations was investigated by aerial image simulations. These predicted a high sensitivity to phase errors, especially for negative resists. Using a negative tone top surface imaging resist process and a positive tone wet developed resist, experiments confirmed these predictions. Special attention was paid in finding an accurate and efficient method to measure the transmittance and phase shift deviations of a reticle experimentally.
Low (10–800 MHz) and high (40 GHz) frequency probes applied to petroleum multiphase flow characterization (2008)

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