gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE PURITY OF THE IODINATED TRACER ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (1979)

The objective of this study was to establish whether [125I]hFSH subunits are formed during iodination of hFsh by a mild (lactoperoxidase) technique, and if so which fractionation procedure provides the best separation of [125I]hFSH from its subunits. In addition, the effect of the 125I subunits on the specificity of the hFSH radioimmunoassay technique was examined. The products of iodination of hFSH were fractionated by a number of techniques consisting of low and high resolution gel filtration procedures and adsorption on either cellulose of Concanavalin A coupled to Sepharose. The efficacy of the adsorption methods was assessed by a subsequent high resolution gel filtration procedure (Ultrogel AcA 54). Radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay methods were used to monitor the profiles of hFSH, hFSH alpha and hFSH beta subunits and to assess the recoveries of radioreceptor-active hFSH obtained by the different procedures. Iodination of a highly purified hFSH preparation invariably resulted in the formation of both [125I]hFSH subunits. The proportion of radioactivity associated with the 125I subunit peak to that of the [125I]hFSH peak was 10% when the iodination products after low resolution gel filtration were fractionated by a high resolution gel filtration procedure. The corresponding amount of subunits obtained by adsorption on cellulose and Concanavalin A was 71% and 6%, respectively. Thus in comparison with low resolution gel filtration there was a partial separation of [125I]hFSH from [125I]hFSH subunits on Concanavalin A while no separation was effected on cellulose. In fact, the results suggest that 125I subunits were formed during fractionation on cellulose. The recoveries of hFSH activity following fractionation on cellulose and Concanavalin A were significantly lower (27% and 65%) than those obtained by either low or high resolution gel filtration techniques. A marked reduction ;n the specificity of the RIA of hFSH was found when [125I]hFSH subunits rather than [125I]hFSH were used as tracer in the assay. It is concluded that the presence of 125I subunits in [125I]hFSH preparations used as tracer in the RIA of hFSH can diminish the specificity of the assay. The routine employment of a high resolution gel filtration procedure which provides a complete separation of 125I subunits from the intact hormone, is suitable for the elimination of this source of assay invalidity while the other fractionation procedures tested (cellulose adsorption or Concanavalin A) are not.
Linkage group alignment of sorghum RFLP maps using a RIL mapping population (2000)

Several molecular maps have been constructed in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) using a variety of probes from different grass species such as sorghum, maize, sugarcane, rice, oat, and barley. In order to enhance the utility of the existing mapping information by the sorghum research community, alignment and integration of all major molecular maps is necessary. To achieve this objective, a genetic map of 214 loci with a total map distance of 1200 cM was constructed using 98 F7 sorghum recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between two inbred lines, B35 and Tx7000. Few cDNA clones of sorghum and maize related to photosynthesis and drought stress were mapped on this map for the first time. Five major restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps independently developed in this species were used for alignment purpose. The distributions of previously mapped markers were compared with their respective sorghum maps to align each of the linkage groups. In general, consistent linear order among markers was maintained in all the linkage maps. The successful alignment of these RFLP maps will now allow selection of a large number of markers for any region of the sorghum genome with many potential applications ranging from fine mapping and marker-assisted selection to map-based cloning for the improvement of sorghum and related species.
Structural and Phylogenetic Analysis of Adenovirus Hexons by Use of High-Resolution X-Ray Crystallographic, Molecular Modeling, and Sequence-Based Methods (2003)

A major impediment to the use of adenovirus as a gene therapy vector and for vaccine applications is the host immune response to adenovirus hexon-the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid. A solution may lie in novel vectors with modified or chimeric hexons designed to evade the immune response. To facilitate this approach, we have distinguished the portion of hexon that all serotypes have in common from the hypervariable regions that are responsible for capsid diversity and type-specific immunogenicity. The common hexon core-conserved because it forms the viral capsid-sets boundaries to the regions where modifications can be made to produce nonnative hexons. The core has been defined from the large and diverse set of known hexon sequences by an accurate alignment based on the newly refined crystal structures of human adenovirus types 2 (Ad2) and Ad5 hexon. Comparison of the two hexon models, which are the most accurate so far, reveals that over 90% of the residues in each have three-dimensional positions that closely match. Structures for more distant hexons were predicted by building molecular models of human Ad4, chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC68), and fowl adenovirus 1 (FAV1 or CELO). The five structures were then used to guide the alignment of the 40 full-length (>900 residues) hexon sequences in public databases. Distance- and parsimony-based phylogenetic trees are consistent and reveal evolutionary relationships between adenovirus types that parallel those of their animal hosts. The combination of crystallography, molecular modeling, and phylogenetic analysis defines a conserved molecular core that can serve as the armature for the directed design of novel hexons.
HIV-Associated Wasting in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A Syndrome of Residual HIV Infection in Monocytes and Macrophages? (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) might be influencing the development of wasting in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. In a retrospective study of 57 subjects, HIV proviral DNA levels in PBMCs were higher in subjects whose body weight decreased by >5% one year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy, compared with subjects whose body weight was stable or increased (median HIV proviral DNA load, 8.9 vs. 0.9 copies/10(6) PBMCs; P = .006).
I n s i t u grown-in selective contacts to n-i-p-i doping superlattice crystals using molecular beam epitaxial growth through a shadow mask (1986)

Highly selective n- and p-type contacts to GaAs doping superlattices have been achieved by using molecular beam epitaxial growth through a silicon shadow mask to form interdigital grown-in contacts. Low contact resistance, excellent diode characteristics, and efficient lateral injection electroluminescence are obtained.
The bayes net toolbox for matlab (2001)

The Bayes Net Toolbox (BNT) is an open-source Matlab package for directed graphical models. BNT supports many kinds of nodes (probability distributions), exact and approximate inference, parameter and structure learning, and static and dynamic models. BNT is widely used in teaching and research: the web page has received over 28,000 hits since May 2000. In this paper, we discuss a broad spectrum of issues related to graphical models (directed and undirected), and describe, at a high-level, how BNT was designed to cope with them all. We also compare BNT to other software packages for graphical models, and to the nascent OpenBayes effort.
Nanoparticles with Precise Ratiometric Co‐Loading and Co‐Delivery of Gemcitabine Monophosphate and Cisplatin for Treatment of Bladder Cancer (2014)

Combination chemotherapy is a common practice in clinical management of malignancy. Synergistic therapeutic outcome is only achieved when tumor cells are exposed to cells in an optimal ratio. However, due to diverse physicochemical properties of drugs, no free drug cocktails or nanomaterials are capable of co‐loading and co‐delivering drugs at an optimal ratio. Herein, we develop a novel nano‐platform with precise ratiometric co‐loading and co‐delivery of two hydrophilic drugs for synergistic anti‐tumor effects. Based on previous work, we utilize a solvent displacement method to ratiometrically load dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (DOPA)‐gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) and DOPA coated cisplatin‐precipitate nanocores into the same PLGA NP. These cores are designed to have similar hydrophobic surface properties. GMP and cisplatin are engineered into PLGA NP at an optimal synergistic ratio (5:1, mol:mol) with over 70% encapsulation efficiency and were ratiometrically taken up by tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. These PLGA NP exhibit synergistic anti‐cancer effects in a stroma‐rich bladder tumor model. A single injection of dual drugs in PLGA NP can significantly inhibit tumor growth. This nanomaterial‐system solves problems related to ratiometric co‐loading and co‐delivery of different hydrophilic moieties and provides possibilities for co‐loading hydrophilic drugs with hydrophobic drugs for combination therapy.
Graphene: The New Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterial (2009)

Every few years, a new material with unique properties emerges and fascinates the scientific community, typical recent examples being high-temperature superconductors and carbon nanotubes. Graphene is the latest sensation with unusual properties, such as half-integer quantum Hall effect and ballistic electron transport. This two-dimensional material which is the parent of all graphitic carbon forms is strictly expected to comprise a single layer, but there is considerable interest in investigating two-layer and few-layer graphenes as well. Synthesis and characterization of graphenes pose challenges, but there has been considerable progress in the last year or so. Herein, we present the status of graphene research which includes aspects related to synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties.
Soluble Polymer Complexes Having AlQ3‐Type Pendent Groups (2004)

Abstract Summary: Polymethacrylate having a pendent 8‐hydroxyquinoline moiety was prepared using Kelex‐100 (7‐(4‐ethyl‐1‐methyloctyl)‐8‐hydroxyquinoline) as a starting material. A soluble polymer having tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Al Q 3 )‐type side chains was obtained through the complexation of the polymer with Me 3 Al in the presence of a monomeric Kelex‐100. The polymer complex was applied to an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device through a spin‐cast process. Structure of the tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum‐type pendent group bound to polymethacrylate giving rise to the first soluble polymer of its kind. image Structure of the tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum‐type pendent group bound to polymethacrylate giving rise to the first soluble polymer of its kind.
Genotyping of Human Papillomaviruses by a Novel One-Step Typing Method with Multiplex PCR and Clinical Applications (2008)

We describe here a rapid, high-throughput genotyping procedure that allows the simultaneous detection of 16 high- and low-risk genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types by multiplex PCR in a single reaction tube. Multiplex PCR is based on the amplification of HPV DNA by sets of HPV genotype-specific primers, and the genotypes of HPV are visually identified by the sizes of amplicons after they are separated by capillary electrophoresis. The procedure does not include a hybridization step with HPV-specific probes and is rapid and labor-saving. We detected all 16 HPV genotypes (types 16, 58, 52, 51, 56, 31, 18, 39, 66, 59, 6, 33, 30, 35, 45, and 11) with a high sensitivity and a high degree of reproducibility. By using this newly developed method, we conducted a pilot study to examine the correlation between the prevalence and genotype distributions of HPV and the cytological group classifications for 547 cervical samples. Compared with the group of samples considered normal (14.7%), there was a significant increase in the prevalence of HPV in women with atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (61.3%), low-grade intraepithelial lesions (75.8%), and high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (82.2%). The prevalence and distribution of type 58 were correlated with cytological malignancies, with the highest prevalence in women with HSILs. In conclusion, the novel multiplex PCR method described appears to be highly suitable not only for the screening of cervical cancer precursor lesions but also for the characterization of genotype distributions in large-scale epidemiological studies and HPV vaccination trials.
Effective “static-graph” reorganization to improve locality in garbage-collected systems (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Effective "static-graph" reorganization to improve locality in garbage-collected systems Authors: Paul R. Wilson Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, Illinois Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, IllinoisView Profile , Michael S. Lam Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, Illinois Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, IllinoisView Profile , Thomas G. Moher Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, Illinois Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Illinois at Chicago, Box 4348 (m/c 154) Chicago, IllinoisView Profile Authors Info & Claims PLDI '91: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1991 conference on Programming language design and implementationMay 1991 Pages 177–191https://doi.org/10.1145/113445.113461Published:01 May 1991Publication History 83citation592DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations83Total Downloads592Last 12 Months39Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Niacin deficiency and cancer in women. (1993)

A new interest in the relationship between niacin and cancer has evolved from the discovery that the principal form of this vitamin, NAD, is consumed as a substrate in ADP-ribose transfer reactions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, an enzyme activated by DNA strand breaks, is the ADP-ribosyltransferase of greatest interest with regard to effects on the niacin status of cells since its Km for NAD is high, and its activity can deplete NAD. Studies of the consequences of DNA damage in cultured mouse and human cells as a function of niacin status have supported the hypothesis that niacin may be a protective factor that limits carcinogenic events. To test this hypothesis in humans, we used a biochemical method based on the observation that as niacin nutriture decreases, NAD readily declines and NADP remains relatively constant. This has been demonstrated in both fibroblasts and in whole blood from humans. Thus, we use "niacin number," (NAD/NAD+NADP) x 100% from whole blood, as a measure of niacin status. Healthy control subjects showed a mean niacin number of 62.8 +/- 3.0 compared to 64.0 for individuals on a niacin-controlled diet. Analyses of women in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study showed a mean niacin number of 60.4 with a range of 44 to 75. The distribution of niacin status in this population was nongaussian, with an unpredictably large number of individuals having low values.
Chlorophyll Synthesis in Chlorella (1971)

The degree of light limitation of growth is the primary controlling factor of chlorophyll synthesis during photoautotrophic growth of Chlorella. The chlorophyll content of the cells increases when light is limiting for growth as occurs in dense cultures, or in cultures under low incident light, or when the light is used less efficiently through partial inhibition of photosynthesis by 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea. The chlorophyll content decreases when light is not limiting for growth, as occurs in cells in high light intensity and in dilute suspensions. The initial lag in rate of chlorophyll synthesis in a freshly inoculated culture can be attributed to light at first not being growth limiting, and then becoming growth limiting as the cell suspension becomes denser. Continuous culture experiments support the above conclusions by showing that under steady state conditions the chlorophyll content is inversely related to the relative available light.
A prospective study on canine atopic dermatitis and food‐induced allergic dermatitis in Switzerland (2008)

Canine atopic dermatitis sensu stricto and food-induced allergic dermatitis are common canine skin conditions, which are often considered clinically undistinguishable. Several attempts have been made to describe populations of atopic dogs and determine breed predisposition but the results were often biased by the use of hospital populations as control group. The present study aims to describe a population of Swiss atopic and food-allergic dogs and to compare it with a data set representing more than 85% of all Swiss dogs. The study, which was carried out during 1 year in several practices and teaching hospital in Switzerland, describes a group of 259 allergic dogs, determines breed predisposition for atopic dermatitis and food-induced allergic dermatitis, compares the clinical signs and features of both conditions, and outlines the clinical picture of five frequently affected breeds.
An Electromechanical Transmission for Hybrid Vehicle Power Trains - Design and Dynamometer Testing (1971)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The design of a transmission for heat engine-battery hybrid vehicles, the Electromechanical Transmissions, is described. Results of the testing of a breadboard EMT power train on a dynamometer are discussed in terms of emission reduction, fuel consumption, and power flow efficiencies. Sources of system inefficiency and areas of further investigation are identified.&lt;/div&gt;
10B-6 A Composite Imaging Technique for High Frame-Rate and Full-View Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging (2007)

The frame-rate of ultrasound radio-frequency (RF) data acquisition is critical for imaging of the pulse wave and electromechanical wave propagation in cardiovascular tissues as well as improving the strain estimation. Therefore, an automated method had been developed to overcome the frame-rate limitations on standard systems by retrospective multi-sector signal acquisition through an electrocardiogram (ECG) gating technique. The method achieved a frame rate of 481 Hz at a 100% field of view, 64 line densities and an imaging depth of 11 cm. The composite full-view images were reconstructed by retrospectively combining seven small-sector RF frames using the ECG-gating technique. The axial displacements of both long-axis and short-axis views of a human left ventricle and a long-axis view of the abdominal aorta were calculated using an RF based speckle-tracking technique comprising ID cross-correlation methods in a 2D search (window size of 6.9 mm and overlap of 80%). Several sequences of electromechanical waves propagating in a left ventricular long-axis and short-axis view, and long-axis view of abdominal aorta were imaged at high frame rates. Currently, the method was implemented on an Ultrasonix RP system (Ultrasonix Medical Corp. Richmond, Canada) and could be potentially implemented on other clinical systems.
Chromatin Insulator Elements Block the Silencing of a Target Gene by the Drosophila Polycomb Response Element (PRE) but Allow trans Interactions Between PREs on Different Chromosomes (1997)

Polycomb response elements (PREs) can establish a silenced state that affects the expression of genes over considerable distances. We have tested the ability of insulator or boundary elements to block the repression of the miniwhite gene by the Ubx PRE. The gypsy element and the scs element interposed between PRE and miniwhite gene protect it against silencing but the scs' is only weakly effective. When the PRE-miniwhite gene construct is insulated from flanking chromosomal sequences by gypsy elements at both ends, it can still establish efficient silencing in some lines but not others. We show that this can be caused by interactions in trans with PREs at other sites. PRE-containing transposons inserted at different sites or even on different chromosomes can interact, resulting in enhanced silencing. These trans interactions are not blocked by the gypsy insulator and reveal the importance of nonhomologous associations between different regions of the genome for both silencing and activation of genes. The similarity between the behavior of PREs and enhancers suggests a model for their long-distance action.
Spectral partitioning works: planar graphs and finite element meshes (1996)

Spectral partitioning methods use the Fiedler vector-the eigenvector of the second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix-to find a small separator of a graph. These methods are important components of many scientific numerical algorithms and have been demonstrated by experiment to work extremely well. In this paper, we show that spectral partitioning methods work well on bounded-degree planar graphs and finite element meshes-the classes of graphs to which they are usually applied. While active spectral bisection does not necessarily work, we prove that spectral partitioning techniques can be used to produce separators whose ratio of vertices removed to edges cut is O(/spl radic/n) for bounded-degree planar graphs and two-dimensional meshes and O(n/sup 1/d/) for well-shaped d-dimensional meshes. The heart of our analysis is an upper bound on the second-smallest eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrices of these graphs: we prove a bound of O(1/n) for bounded-degree planar graphs and O(1/n/sup 2/d/) for well-shaped d-dimensional meshes.
Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses: normal integration does not require viral gene expression (1989)

A method is described for the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) stocks that contain no detectable wild-type helper AAV. The recombinant viruses contained only the terminal 191 nucleotides of the AAV chromosome bracketing a nonviral marker gene. trans-Acting AAV functions were provided by a helper DNA in which the terminal 191 nucleotides of the AAV chromosome were substituted with adenovirus terminal sequences. Although the helper DNA did not appear to replicate, it expressed AAV functions at a substantially higher level than did DNA molecules that contained neither AAV nor adenovirus termini. Since the recombinant viruses with AAV termini contained no sequence homology to the helper DNA, no wild-type AAV was generated by homologous recombination within infected cells. Since the terminal region of the AAV chromosome is required for replication and encapsidation, only recombinant DNAs were amplified and packaged into AAV virions. When human cells were infected at a high multiplicity with a recombinant virus carrying a drug resistance marker gene, approximately 70% of the infected cells gave rise to colonies stably expressing the marker. The recombinant virus gene was then used to generate drug-resistant human cell lines subsequent to infection. These cells contained stably integrated copies of the recombinant viral DNA which could be excised, replicated, and encapsidated by infection with wild-type AAV plus adenovirus. Thus, AAV gene expression is not required for normal integration of an infecting DNA containing AAV termini.