gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C‐terminal lysine variants in fully human monoclonal antibodies: Investigation of test methods and possible causes (2008)

The C-terminal lysine variation is commonly observed in biopharmaceutical monoclonal antibodies. This modification can be important since it is found to be sensitive to the production process. The methods commonly used to probe this charge variation, including IEF, cIEF, ion-exchange chromatography, and LC-MS, were evaluated for their ability to effectively approximate relative percentages of lysine variants. A monoclonal antibody produced in a B cell hybridoma versus a CHO cell transfectoma was examined and it was determined that the relative amount of incorporated C-terminal lysine can vary greatly between these two production schemes. Another case study is shown whereby a different monoclonal antibody is subject to some minor process changes and the extent of lysine variation also exhibits a significant difference. During these studies the different methods for determining the extent of variation were evaluated and it was determined that LC-MS after trypsin digestion provides reproducible relative percentage information and has significant advantages over other methods. The final section of this work investigates the possible origins of this modification and evidence is shown that carboxypeptidase B or another basic carboxypeptidase causes this variation.
Performance of asynchronous orthogonal multicarrier CDMA system in frequency selective fading channel (1999)

An asynchronous multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme for the uplink of the mobile communication system operating in a frequency selective fading channel is analyzed. The bit error rate performance of the system with either equal gain combining or maximum-ratio combining is obtained. Numerical results indicate that the system performs better than that of the conventional DS-CDMA system and another MC-DS-CDMA system.
Implementation and normalization process of asynchronous video interviewing practices in the hospitality industry (2018)

Purpose Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) enable recruiters and job candidates to conduct and review employment interviews at different points in time, promising improved cost and time efficiencies for all users. This research aims to investigate the implementation and normalization process of AVI in the hospitality industry with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and the normalization process theory (NPT) providing theoretical support. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with hiring managers from three different hospitality companies, which were in different stages of the implementation process. The data have been recorded, transcribed and coded according to the UTAUT and NPT constructs, revealing emergent themes. Findings Five overarching themes emerged: AVI effort and efficiency expectation; augmentation to the interview process; challenges for the applicant; challenges for the recruiter; and issues with applicant interviewing aesthetics. Additional coding and analysis with NPT identified the following in terms of evaluation of the implementation process: participants’ implementation activities showed a tendency to emanate from cognitive participation (relationship work), leading to coherence (sense-making work), followed by collective action (enactment of work/operational work) and finally reflexive monitoring (appraisal work). Practical implications Findings from this research include recommendations for the best practices integrating AVI into the hospitality employee selection process. Originality/value Given the increased demands on the recruitment and selection of talent in the hospitality industry, several organizations have turned to mechanized HR software platforms. The impact of interview modalities and particularly AVI has received limited research attention, thus this study expanded this new stream of literature. Furthermore, this research is among a nascent stream using NPT to evaluate the implementation and normalization of this new technology.
Effects of dietary (n-3) and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on the immune response of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1996)

To examine the influence of the dietary ratio of (n-3) to (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the immune system of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., two dietary trials were carried out in which parr were maintained on diets containing either fish oil [(n-3)/(n-6) PUFA = 5.2] or sunflower oil [(n-3)/(n-6) PUFA = 0.3] and assessed for differences in immunological parameters. There were no significant differences in blood cell counts, differential leucocyte counts or haematocrit values between dietary groups, and while no apparent differences were observed in the non-specific immune parameters measured, there was a significantly higher number of B cells responding to Aeromonas salmonicida, in the kidney and spleen of vaccinated fish maintained on high (n-3)/(n-6) PUFAs diets. There was also a significant difference (P≤ 0.01) between the dietary groups in trial 1 and trial 2 when non-vaccinated fish were challenged with Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum, respectively, with the (n-6) group succumbing to the bacterium before the (n-3) group. The results suggest that Atlantic salmon fed diets with a low ratio of (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA may be less resistant to infection than those fed diets containing lipid with a high (n-3)/(n-6) PUFA ratio.
Microdamage and bone fragility (2001)

Microdamage accumulation in bone has been considered a contributing cause for fragility fractures in older women and for stress fractures in athletes. Recent improvements in detecting microdamage in bone employ fluorescence and confocal microscopy, but there is still no method to detect bone microcracks noninvasively. The morphology of microcracks is characteristic of the loading mode, with linear microcracks found in regions under compressive strain, and diffuse arrays of cracks typical of regions under tensile strain. There is now good evidence that damage is associated both spatially and temporally with the initiation of bone remodeling. The detection of damage may occur by osteocytes, which signal for repair when they become apoptotic subsequent to canalicular disruption. Increased remodeling in response to damage appears to be part of the pathogenesis of stress fractures in humans. On the other hand, suppression of bone remodeling is associated with increased microdamage accumulation, reduced bone tissue toughness and increased fragility. There is evidence that the compliant bone adjacent to prosthetic implants will prevent the accumulation of microdamage, and the success rate of dental implants may be caused by the rapid turnover that maintains compliance and limits microdamage accumulation in areas juxtaposed to the implant.
Characterization of ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer region of several seedborne bacterial pathogens of rice. (1996)

Polymorphism within 16S and 23S rDNA of seven seedborne bacteria was determined. Fifty-one strains of the six major rice bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas avenae, P. glumae, P. fuscovaginae, P. syringae pv. syringae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. o. pv. oryzicola, and Erwinia herbicola isolated from rice seeds were examined by PCR-amplification of ribosomal DNA of the intergenic spacer region, using ribosomal primers R16-1 and R23-2R. The pseudomonads contained significant interspecies but little intraspecies polymorphism. All Korean strains were the same, however, the strains from Columbia were significantly different. X. o. pv. oryzae showed a species-specific fragment and no variation between strains. Both pathovars of X. oryzae were easily differentiated from each other based on differences in a secondary fragment. These results show that PCR-amplification using commercial primers of rDNA intergenic spacer region can provide a rapid, reliable tool for the identification of the major seedborne bacteria of rice.
CU-SeeMe VR immersive desktop teleconferencing (1996)

Current video-conferencing systems provide a "video-ins-window" user interface. This paper presents a distributed video-conferencing system called CU-SeeMe VR that embeds live video and audio conferencing in a virtual space. This paper describes a prototype implementation of CU-SeeMe VR, including the user interface, system architecture, and a detailed look at the enabling technologies. Future directions and the implications of the virtual reality metaphor are discussed.
Built-in face recognition for smart photo sharing in mobile devices (2011)

This paper presents a smart photo sharing application for mo bile devices based on an efficient yet powerful face recognition engine. The system allows registering subjects either from live video (mobile camera) or from still images, linking the obtained biometric information to the already existing phone contacts. The photo sharing application allows the user to select images which will be automatically processed with the built-in face recognition module based on Local Binary Patterns: already registered contacts will be identified, so that the current picture can be sent to them in a smart, user-friendly manner. The application also allows to tag unknown subjects and store (or update) their biometric profiles. All the processing is done in the mobile device. The current application runs on Android O.S., having been tested in two mobile platforms: HTC Desire and Samsung Galaxy Tab. The computational burden for each of the processing modules is provided in both devices, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach for mobile platforms.
The Structure of Nitric Oxide Synthase Oxygenase Domain and Inhibitor Complexes (1997)

The nitric oxide synthase oxygenase domain (NOSox) oxidizes arginine to synthesize the cellular signal and defensive cytotoxin nitric oxide (NO). Crystal structures determined for cytokine-inducible NOSox reveal an unusual fold and heme environment for stabilization of activated oxygen intermediates key for catalysis. A winged beta sheet engenders a curved alpha-beta domain resembling a baseball catcher's mitt with heme clasped in the palm. The location of exposed hydrophobic residues and the results of mutational analysis place the dimer interface adjacent to the heme-binding pocket. Juxtaposed hydrophobic O2- and polar L-arginine-binding sites occupied by imidazole and aminoguanidine, respectively, provide a template for designing dual-function inhibitors and imply substrate-assisted catalysis.
Time course study of delayed wound healing in a biofilm‐challenged diabetic mouse model (2012)

Bacterial biofilm has been shown to play a role in delaying wound healing of chronic wounds, a major medical problem that results in significant health care burden. A reproducible animal model could be very valuable for studying the mechanism and management of chronic wounds. Our previous work showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) biofilm challenge on wounds in diabetic (db/db) mice significantly delayed wound healing. In this wound time course study, we further characterize the bacterial burden, delayed wound healing, and certain aspects of the host inflammatory response in the PAO1 biofilm-challenged db/db mouse model. PAO1 biofilms were transferred onto 2-day-old wounds created on the dorsal surface of db/db mice. Control wounds without biofilm challenge healed by 4 weeks, consistent with previous studies; none of the biofilm-challenged wounds healed by 4 weeks. Of the biofilm-challenged wounds, 64% healed by 6 weeks, and all of the biofilm-challenged wounds healed by 8 weeks. During the wound-healing process, P. aeruginosa was gradually cleared from the wounds while the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (part of the normal mouse skin flora) increased. Scabs from all unhealed wounds contained 10(7) P. aeruginosa, which was 100-fold higher than the counts isolated from wound beds (i.e., 99% of the P. aeruginosa was in the scab). Histology and genetic analysis showed proliferative epidermis, deficient vascularization, and increased inflammatory cytokines. Hypoxia inducible factor expression increased threefold in 4-week wounds. In summary, our study shows that biofilm-challenged wounds typically heal in approximately 6 weeks, at least 2 weeks longer than nonbiofilm-challenged normal wounds. These data suggest that this delayed wound healing model enables the in vivo study of bacterial biofilm responses to host defenses and the effects of biofilms on host wound healing pathways. It may also be used to test antibiofilm strategies for treating chronic wounds.
Serum Levels of Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis Patients (1998)

Besides cell-bound adhesion molecules, which are of fundamental importance to a large number of physiological and pathological processes, soluble forms of adhesion molecules have been detected in the circulating blood in recent years. Circulating soluble adhesion molecules appear to be biologically active, and raised levels have been reported in a variety of disorders. In the present study, we used ELISA to measure the serum levels of four soluble adhesion molecules in 23 undialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 13 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 17 on chronic hemodialysis (HD) and 18 healthy controls having a similar mean and distribution of ages. The investigated soluble (s) molecules included intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), sE-selectin and sP-selectin. sICAM-1 was found to be elevated in patients with CRF (p < 0.05), on CAPD (p < 0.02) and HD (p < 0.0001) compared with the controls but levels did not differ between the three patient groups. The higher sVCAM-1 values found in CRF (p < 0.02), CAPD (p < 0.05) and HD (p < 0.0001) as compared to controls again failed to differentiate the three groups of patients. Soluble E-selectin was also raised in the three groups (p < 0.0001) with no difference between them. Increased sP-selectin was found in CRF (p < 0.05), CAPD (p < 0.02) and in HD patients (p < 0.0001) compared to controls, and levels in HD were significantly higher (p < 0.02) than in CRF patients. Predialysis serum molecule levels did not differ between HD patients treated with cuprophan or with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers. HD sessions with both dialyzers had no effect on sICAM-1, while a decrease (p < 0.02) in sP-selectin was found after dialysis with cuprophan. In undialyzed patients with CRF, regression analysis showed a strong linear correlation between serum creatinine and serum levels of each soluble molecule. These results demonstrate that serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin are elevated in both undialyzed patients with CRF and patients on CAPD or HD. The elevated serum levels of these proteins probably reflect inadequate clearance as well as enhanced synthesis/release.
The E6 Oncoproteins of High-Risk Papillomaviruses Bind to a Novel Putative GAP Protein, E6TP1, and Target It for Degradation (1999)

The high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with carcinomas of the cervix and other genital tumors. Previous studies have identified two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, which are expressed in the majority of HPV-associated carcinomas. The ability of high-risk HPV E6 protein to immortalize human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) has provided a single-gene model to study the mechanisms of E6-induced oncogenic transformation. In this system, the E6 protein targets the p53 tumor suppressor protein for degradation, and mutational analyses have shown that E6-induced degradation of p53 protein is required for MEC immortalization. However, the inability of most dominant-negative p53 mutants to induce efficient immortalization of MECs suggests the existence of additional targets of the HPV E6 oncoprotein. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have isolated a novel E6-binding protein. This polypeptide, designated E6TP1 (E6-targeted protein 1), exhibits high homology to GTPase-activating proteins for Rap, including SPA-1, tuberin, and Rap1GAP. The mRNA for E6TP1 is widely expressed in tissues and in vitro-cultured cell lines. The gene for E6TP1 localizes to chromosome 14q23.2-14q24.3 within a locus that has been shown to undergo loss of heterozygosity in malignant meningiomas. Importantly, E6TP1 is targeted for degradation by the high-risk but not the low-risk HPV E6 proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the immortalization-competent but not the immortalization-incompetent HPV16 E6 mutants target the E6TP1 protein for degradation. Our results identify a novel target for the E6 oncoprotein and provide a potential link between HPV E6 oncogenesis and alteration of a small G protein signaling pathway.
Selective SiGe and heavily As doped Si deposited at low temperature by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (1993)

Selective epitaxial Si with added As for n-type doping or Ge for band gap modulation can be deposited in an ultraclean atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition system down to temperatures as low as 550–750 °C. Depositions are carried out in a hydrogen ambience using dichlorosilane, HCl, and arsine or germane. The additives, arsine and germane enhance the Si deposition rate at low temperatures so that practical deposition rates can be achieved. HCl, which is used to control deposition selectivity with respect to oxide or nitride, decreases the deposition rate so that final growth rates are in the range 1–5 nm/min. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to measure As concentrations as high as 1×1021/cm3 and Ge concentrations as high as 50%. A selective growth process for SiGe has been used to grow p-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors and resonant tunneling diodes which display excellent device characteristics.
Mycobacterium leprae produces extracellular homologs of the antigen 85 complex (1992)

The antigen 85 complex is a set of at least three closely related secreted proteins (85A, 85B, and 85C) of 30 to 32 kDa produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. Their prominence in Mycobacterium leprae, the one obligate intracellular pathogen of the genus, had been assumed on the basis of immunological evidence and proof of the existence of the gene encoding the 85B protein of the complex. We have now observed the production of this family of proteins by M. leprae through analysis of various fractions by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with monospecific rabbit antisera raised against the individual Mycobacterium bovis BCG 85A, 85B, and 85C proteins. A predominant cross-reactive band with an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa was detected in extracts of nondisrupted whole M. leprae and in soluble fractions prepared from the tissues of M. leprae-infected armadillos. Further studies of the subcellular distribution of this protein within the bacterium confirmed that it is secreted by the organism, an observation that explains past difficulties in detecting the antigen 85 complex in M. leprae. Confirmation that the M. leprae product is a member of the antigen 85 complex was obtained by comparison of peptide fingerprints with those from the BCG product. The pattern of reactivity of the M. leprae antigen 85 complex with anti-M. bovis BCG 85B serum, as well as two-dimensional electrophoresis, established that the 85B component was the predominant member of the complex in M. leprae. The fibronectin-binding capacity of the M. leprae and BCG 85 complexes was reinvestigated by new approaches and is questioned. Nevertheless, the results obtained with the native proteins reinforce previous reports, derived primarily from the use of homologous proteins, that the antigen 85 complex is one of the dominant protein immunogens of the leprosy bacillus.
The Scope of Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroboration/Oxidation with Rhodium Complexes of 1,1′‐(2‐Diarylphosphino‐1‐naphthyl)isoquinolines (1999)

A full range of catalytic asymmetric hydroborations (see diagram) of aryalkenes may be carried out with a single family of ligands.
Antitumor effect of interleukin 7 in combination with local hyperthermia in mice bearing B16a melanoma cells (1993)

Interleukin (IL)-7 has been evaluated for its influence, alone or in combination with local hyperthermia (LH), on B16a melanoma-bearing mice. Six- to eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were inoculated s.c. with 5 x 10(5) tumor cells into the left hind limb. Mice were randomly divided into four groups, and treated s.c. with IL-7 (5 ng) or saline as control, twice a day for three weeks beginning eight days after tumor inoculation. LH, using hot water circulator at 43 +/- 0.2 degrees C for 30 min, was induced to the limb with tumor twice a week for two weeks. Size of the primary tumor was measured every other day for five weeks. Mice were sacrificed five weeks after tumor inoculation. The size of the primary tumor and the number of lung metastases were reduced in mice treated either with IL-7 or LH alone. As a control for IL-7, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone had no effect on primary tumor size or number of lung metastases. The greatest antitumor effect was observed in mice treated with IL-7 in combination with LH. Survival was prolonged significantly only in mice treated with IL-7 plus LH compared with that of mice treated with saline. Decreased natural killer (NK) cell activity, number of Thy1.2 cells, and ratio of L3T4+/Lyt2+ cells were associated with tumor growth. These parameters were restored in mice treated with IL-7 plus LH. Increases in levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and interferon (IFN gamma) were associated with an increase in the survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-7 and/or LH. These results suggest that changes in T-cell, NK cell and cytokines such as IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in response to IL7 and/or LH might account for prolonged survival of B16a melanoma-bearing mice and that IL-7 might be useful as a potential antitumor agent combined with other therapy in certain malignant solid tumors with metastases.
Increased thymocyte-activating factor in human gingival fluid during gingival inflammation (1982)

In this study, human gingival fluid from normal subjects was shown to contain a low-molecular-weight factor (molecular weight, 10,000 to 25,000) which augmented murine thymocyte proliferation, enhanced the production of interleukin 2 by T lymphocytes, and augmented the proliferation of fibroblasts. These biochemical and biological properties are characteristic of both macrophage-derived interleukin 1 and epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor. In addition, we have established that epidermal thymocyte-activating factor or interleukin 1 or both are present to a greater extent in gingival fluid obtained from sites manifesting gingival inflammation. In fact, thymocyte-activating activities were found to be greater in gingival fluid from inflamed than from noninflamed gingival sites from the same subjects. These findings suggest that human gingival fluid contains epidermal thymocyte-activating factor or interleukin 1 or both, which may amplify the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues.