gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Open Fractures and Osteomyelitis (2004)

Local antibiotic therapy is part of the treatment protocol of open fractures and osteomyelitis. However, there are limitations in the literature evaluating the efficacy of the technique and controversies remain. Polymethylmethacrylate cement commonly is used as a delivery vehicle, but bioabsorbable vehicles are being investigated. The vehicle is impregnated with antibiotic(s) active against the suspected pathogens, usually an aminoglycoside and/or vancomycin. Elution depends on the surface area, the characteristics and permeability of the delivery vehicle, type and concentration of the antibiotic(s) used, presence of fluid, rate of fluid turnover, and time postimplantation. Local antibiotic therapy is a safe technique resulting in high local concentration of antibiotics with minimal systemic levels. Local antibiotics effectively have controlled infection in animal models and, despite limitations of the existing literature, seem to be useful in the clinical setting. The length of implantation and the need for removal of the delivery vehicle remain controversial. Nonabsorbable vehicles may eliminate the need for reoperation and removal.
Data path debugging: data-oriented debugging for a concurrent programming language (1988)

article Data path debugging: data-oriented debugging for a concurrent programming language Share on Authors: Wenwey Hseush Columbia Univ., New York, NY Columbia Univ., New York, NYView Profile , Gail E. Kaiser Columbia Univ., New York, NY Columbia Univ., New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 24Issue 1Jan. 1989 pp 236–247https://doi.org/10.1145/69215.69238Online:01 November 1988Publication History 24citation284DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads284Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Novel gene delivery to liver cells using engineered virosomes (1997)

We have demonstrated for the first time that the reconstituted Sendai viral envelopes containing only the fusion protein (F-virosomes) are efficient vehicles for the delivery of foreign genes specifically into human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) in culture. The membrane fusion-mediated entry of CAT (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase) gene into the cells was confirmed and the amount delivered to various subcellular fractions was quantitated. The dose dependence and kinetics of expression of biologically active CAT protein in HepG2 cells was measured. The CAT expression level in F-virosome-mediated delivery was significantly higher than that of Lipofectin or liganded proteo-liposome-mediated gene transfer. This kind of targeted delivery by means of membrane fusion induced by viral envelope glycoprotein may have wide applications to various gene transfer strategies both in vitro and in vivo.
Synthetic Lubricants from Polyhydroxystearic Acids (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Lubricants from Polyhydroxystearic AcidsL. E. Gast, C. B. Croston, W. J. Schneider, and H. M. TeeterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 10, 2205–2208Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50538a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50538a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Allelopathic potential of orsellinic acid derivatives (2009)

Environmental degradation caused by the excessive use of pesticides has motivated studies aimed at the discovery of new formulations for pest control. The bioassays carried out under laboratory conditions for the present study involved the germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids and Allium cepa cv. Baia Periforme treated with lecanoric acid or one of seven esters obtained from the alcoholysis of the acid. Each substance was tested at concentrations of 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M, and 10-9 M. The results revealed that, except for lecanoric acid and methyl orsellinate, all other compounds exhibited significant differences in their action when compared with the controls. Also, A. cepa was more sensitive to the compounds assayed, at the concentrations tested. Nearly all the esters exhibited significant effects, a feature that could makes them promising for the development of new natural herbicides.
Capturing a Photoexcited Molecular Structure Through Time-Domain X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (2001)

The determination of the structure of transient molecules, such as photoexcited states, in disordered media (such as in solution) usually requires methods with high temporal resolution. The transient molecular structure of a reaction intermediate produced by photoexcitation of NiTPP-L2 (NiTPP, nickeltetraphenylporphyrin; L, piperidine) in solution was determined by x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data obtained on a 14-nanosecond time scale from a third-generation synchrotron source. The XAFS measurements confirm that photoexcitation leads to the rapid removal of both axial ligands to produce a transient square-planar intermediate, NiTPP, with a lifetime of 28 nanoseconds. The transient structure of the photodissociated intermediate is nearly identical to that of the ground state NiTPP, suggesting that the intermediate adopts the same structure as the ground state in a noncoordinating solvent before it recombines with two ligands to form the more stable octahedrally coordinated NiTPP-L2.
The Feet of Overweight and Obese Young Children: Are They Flat or Fat? (2006)

The lower plantar arch height found in the overweight/obese children suggests that the flatter feet characteristic of overweight/obese preschool children may be caused by structural changes in their foot anatomy. It is postulated that these structural changes, which may adversely affect the functional capacity of the medial longitudinal arch, might be exacerbated if excess weight bearing continues throughout childhood and into adulthood.
Heterocyclic o-Aminonitriles: Preparation of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidines with Modification of the Substituents at the 1- Position (2001)

Novel 1-[6-(p-tolyl) pyridazin-3-yl]pyrazole-o-aminonitriles (3a-c) were formed using 3-hydrazino-6-(p-tolyl)pyridazine (2) and ketene S,S-acetals (1a), S,Nacetals (1b) or tetracyanoethylene (1c). The pyrazole-o-aminonitriles (3a-c) were in turn used as precursors for the preparation of previously unreported 1-[6-(p-tolyl)-pyridazin-3-yl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (8, 9, 13-20) and 7-[6-( p-tolyl) pyridazin-3-yl]2-arylpyrazolo[3,4-d]1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-f]pyrimidines (10-12) which are expected to possess considerable chemical and pharmacological activities.
Determination of Tumor Aggressiveness in Colorectal Cancer by K-ras-2 Analysis (1993)

Markers that predict tumor aggressiveness on a case-by-case basis would enable individualization and optimization of oncologic therapy. To achieve this goal, the presence and specific type of K-ras-2 point mutation was determined from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sites in 247 primary and 166 metastatic-recurrent colorectal adenocarcinomas, using a novel approach consisting of topographic tissue selection, DNA amplification, and direct sequencing applicable to large and needle-biopsy-sized specimens. The results provide the basis for a genotypic classification of colorectal cancer capable of predicting individual tumor aggressiveness, including the pattern and extent of metastasis.
Study and Modulation of Human Cortical Excitability With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (1998)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be applied in different paradigms to obtain a measure of various aspects of cortical excitability. These different TMS paradigms provide information about different neurotransmitter systems, enhance our understanding about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions, and in the future may be helpful as a guide for pharmacological interventions. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) modulates cortical excitability beyond the duration of the rTMS trains themselves. Depending on rTMS parameters, a lasting inhibition or facilitation of cortical excitability can be induced. These effects can be demonstrated neurophysiologically or by combining rTMS with neuroimaging techniques. The effects do not remain limited to the cortical area directly targeted by rTMS, but affect a wider neural network transynaptically. Modulation of cortical excitability by rTMS may in the future be useful not only as a research tool but also as a therapeutic intervention in neurology, psychiatry, and neurorehabilitation.
Design of a novel calcium-selective optode membrane based on neutral ionophores (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of a novel calcium-selective optode membrane based on neutral ionophoresWerner E. Morf, Kurt. Seiler, Bruno. Rusterholz, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 7, 738–742Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00206a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00206a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1128Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Primary Structure of Human Plasminogen (1972)

NH&erminalsequences were determined for human plasminogen and the S-carboxymethyl heavy (A) and light (B) chain derivatives of plasmin with a protein sequenator.The NH2-terminal 5 residues of plasminogen and the isolated S-carboxymethyl heavy (A) chain derivative isolated from plasma Fraction II12,s were determined to be Lys-Val-Tyr-Leu-Leu-.A second identical repeating des-lysyl sequence was found.
Photorejuvenation of facial skin with topical 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid and intense pulsed light treatment: a split-face comparison study. (2005)

Photodynamic therapy with combination topical 5-ALA + IPL is safe and more effective for facial rejuvenation than IPL treatment alone.
TH2‐Type Cytokines in Asthma (1996)

TH2-type cytokines, particularly interleukin-5, together with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3, orchestrate the eosinophil response in asthma. Eosinophils are believed to be prime proinflammatory effector cells causing bronchial damage, which in turn, leads to chronic asthma symptoms. Although many cells may secrete cytokines (e.g., mast cells, epithelial cells, macrophages), all of which influence eosinophil differentiation, survival, and function, the TH2-type T cell is seen as having a central role since it is capable of direct antigen recognition. The putative "driving" antigen for asthmatic inflammation may be allergen, although other antigens (e.g., viral, epithelial) are also possible candidates. Although T cells also influence the synthesis of IgE, IgE-mediated mechanisms are seen as playing a secondary role only in atopic subjects, where they may be responsible for acute, short-lived symptoms superimposed on the chronic, on-going cell-mediated inflammatory disease.
Dismembered Nonstented Ureteroureterostomy Using the Carbon Dioxide Laser in the Rabbit: Comparison with Suture Anastomosis (1986)

End-to-end laser welding of transected nonspatulated ureters was compared to conventional spatulated suture anastomosis in 3 kg. rabbits. Nonspatulated sutureless ureteral welding was achieved in 12 rabbits with low energy levels from a carbon dioxide laser. In 12 other rabbits spatulated end-to-end anastomoses were performed with interrupted 7-zero chromic catgut sutures. Patency rate in the welded ureters was 92 per cent, compared to 83 per cent for the suture anastomoses. Histological changes in welded ureters were similar to the sutured ureters. Ureteral welding is achieved in far less time than suture anastomosis.
1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA) prevents endothelial dysfunction in hypertriglyceridemic and diabetic rats. (2008)

For many years, 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA), a primary metabolite of nicotinamide, has been considered inactive. Recently however, it has been discovered that MNA possesses anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study we investigated whether chronic administration of MNA to hypertriglyceridemic or diabetic rats would reverse endothelial dysfunction characterized by the impairment of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation. Hypertriglyceridemia in rats was induced by fructose-rich (60%) diet, while diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (70 mg/kg). After eight weeks, in hypertriglyceridemic or diabetic rats treated or non-treated with MNA(100 mg/kg), we analyzed the magnitude of endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent vasodilatation in aorta induced by acetylcholine or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), respectively, as well as plasma concentration of: cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, HbA(1c), fructosamine, peptide C, endogenous MNA and its metabolites (M2PY, M4PY). In diabetic rats plasma concentration of glucose, HbA(1c) and fructosamine was elevated (402.08 +/- 19.01 vs. 82.06 +/- 5.41 mg/dl, p < 0.001; 9.55 +/- 0.56 vs. 4.93 +/- 0.24%, p = 0.052 and 2.53 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.06 mmol DTF/mg protein, p < 0.001 in diabetic and control rats, respectively). In hypertriglyceridemic rats plasma concentration of triglycerides was elevated (4.25 +/- 0.27 vs. 1.55 +/- 0.12 mmol/l, p < 0.001 in hypertriglyceridemic and control rats, respectively). In both models the NO-dependent vasodilatation in aorta induced by acetylcholine was significantly impaired as compared to control rats, while the response to SNAP was largely preserved. In hypertriglyceridemic rats, 4 weeks of treatment with MNA(100 mg/kg, po) resulted in a three to six-fold increase in endogenous levels of MNA and its metabolites (M2PY and M4PY), the fall in triglycerides concentration in plasma (from 4.25 +/- 0.27 to 2.22 +/- 0.14 mmol/l, p < 0.001), and the preservation of the NO-dependent vasodilatation. In diabetic rats chronic treatment with MNA also prevented the impairment of NO-dependent vasodilatation, while it displayed only a mild effect on hyperglycemia and did not lower triglycerides concentration. In summary, MNA treatment decreased plasma triglycerides concentration in hypertriglyceridemic, but not in diabetic rats, while it prevented the development of endothelial dysfunction in aorta in both of these models. Accordingly, the ability of MNA to reverse endothelial dysfunction seems to be independent of its hypolipemic activity.
Comparison of Tissular Disposition of Pentamidine Mesylate in the Rat after Aerosol or Parenteral Administration (1989)

The tissular distribution of pentamidine mesylate (4 mg/kg as free base) after intravenous, intramuscular, and aerosol administration in healthy rats was examined. Pentamidine levels in the plasma, lungs, liver, kidneys, and other organs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pentamidine was undetectable in the plasma after day 5. At day 1, the injected groups had high concentrations of the drug in the kidneys (32-34 micrograms/g) and spleen with much lower concentrations in the lungs and the liver (3.12-5.70 micrograms/g and 1.64-2.19 micrograms/g, respectively). Aerosol delivery of pentamidine produced negligible extrapulmonary drug levels (3.29 micrograms/g in kidneys at day 1) and high sustained pulmonary levels throughout the 60 d of the study (range 5.42-19.62 micrograms/g). The half-time of elimination was longer in the lungs and kidneys (29-45 d) than in the liver (1.4-7.0 d) regardless of the mode of administration.
Material Issues of AMOLED (2010)

In this article, we presented the organic material issues for common AMOLED. It was also reviewed that unique materials of AMOLED could create the new applications such as paper-thin, foldable, bendable and transparent displays. Although there remain some problems unsolved, we are convinced that AMOLED should be the leader of information display in the near future.
Activation of the Ste20-like Oxidant Stress Response Kinase-1 during the Initial Stages of Chemical Anoxia-induced Necrotic Cell Death (1997)

Signal transduction mechanisms activated during the early stages of necrotic cell death are poorly characterized. We have recently identified the Sterile 20 (Ste20)-like oxidant stress response kinase-1, SOK-1, which is a member of the Ste20 kinase family. We report that SOK-1 is markedly activated as early as 20 min after chemical anoxia induced by exposure of Madin-Darby canine kidney or LLC-PK1 renal tubular epithelial cells to 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and any one of three inhibitors of the electron transport chain, cyanide (CN), rotenone, or antimycin A. Since oxidant stress activates SOK-1, we postulated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced by the electron transport chain during chemical anoxia, might be responsible for SOK-1 activation. The time course of CN/2-DG-induced SOK-1 activation and of production of ROS, measured in cells loaded with dichlorofluorescein, were compatible with a role for ROS in SOK-1 activation. Furthermore, preincubation of LLC-PK1 cells with three unrelated scavengers of ROS, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, pyruvate, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid, reduced both cellular oxidant stress and activation of SOK-1 by CN/2-DG. An increase in cytosolic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) was necessary but not sufficient for CN/2-DG-induced activation of SOK-1. Preincubation of cells with BAPTA-AM prevented activation of SOK-1. Incubation of cells with thapsigargin or the calcium ionophore, A23187, had no effect on SOK-1 activity, but preincubation of cells with either of these agents markedly enhanced CN/2-DG-induced activation of SOK-1 (20-fold versus 7-fold). In summary, chemical anoxia activates SOK-1 via an oxidant stress-dependent mechanism that is both critically dependent upon and markedly amplified by an increase in [Ca2+]i. This requirement for dual inputs of oxidant stress and an increase in [Ca2+]i may prevent inappropriate activation of the kinase by milder degrees of oxidant stress, which are insufficient to generate an increase in [Ca2+]i. The activation of SOK-1 may be one of the cell's earliest responses to inducers of necrotic cell death.
Calcium citrate for vulvar vestibulitis. A case report. (1991)

A woman had suffered from vulvar vestibulitis (vulvodynia) for four years. Pain from the disorder had disrupted her ability to function at work and home as well as sexually. An initial full range of treatments, including multiple operations, had produced no relief. Examination of the urine for evidence of excess oxalate, which has been shown to cause epithelial reactions similar to those found in vulvodynia, showed periodic hyperoxaluria and pH elevations related to the symptoms. Calcium citrate was given to modify the oxalate crystalluria. The symptoms were significantly reduced in three months, and the patient was pain free after one year. She was able to resume normal work, family, sexual and recreational activities. Withdrawal of the calcium citrate resulted in a return of the symptoms; reinstitution alleviated them. These findings suggest that further study of individualized metabolic factors that may underlie vulvodynia is warranted.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychotropic Drugs in China (2013)

This first nationwide survey showed that TDM has been available in a considerable number of psychiatric hospitals across China. Though current equipment and analytical methods meet the TDM need, much improvement is needed, particularly in new analytical method development, interpretation of results, consultation services, and quality control, including IQC and EQA. Guidance or consensus guideline for TDM of psychotropic drugs in the Chinese language is also urgently required.
Cytokine pleiotropy and redundancy: a view from the receptor. (1994)

All cytokines, to a greater or lesser extent, exhibit pleiotropy (multiple biological actions) and redundancy (shared biological actions). The study of cytokine receptors, most of which belong to a structurally related hemopoietin domain family, has revealed that redundancy might be explained by the usage by related cytokines of a common receptor subunit usually termed the beta-subunit and a unique ligand-specific alpha-subunit. Biological pleiotropy, on the other hand, requires that cytokine receptors exert differential activities on different cells. Potentially, this could be explained by the use of different beta-subunits, unique signaling capacities of the alpha-subunit, differential signaling capacities of different regions of the receptor complex, or differential cellular machinery that responds to the same signal in different ways. An understanding in molecular detail of the protein-protein interactions involved in receptor activation may help in understanding these phenomena and in designing novel intervention strategies.
Efficient Transfection Method for Primary Cells (2002)

Transfection of primary cells and stem cells is a problem in the laboratory routine and further in tissue engineering and gene therapy. Most methods working effectively for cell lines in culture fail to transfect primary cells. Here we describe the use of the Nucleofector technology developed by amaxa biosystems. We were able to transfect primary human melanocytes, human coronary smooth muscle cells, human chondrocytes, and human mesenchymal stem cells with high efficiencies (28.9-45.3%). All primary cell types failed to be transfected satisfactorily by methods based on liposome-mediated transfection in our hands. The viability of the transfected cells varied between 11.2% and 75% in comparison to untreated cells. Only 200,000 cells per transfection sample were needed. In summary, this method presents an effective and fast mean for transfection of primary and stem cells demonstrated by four cell types which are only transfected with low efficiency by other methods.