gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context, Experience, Expectation, and Action—Towards an Empirically Grounded, General Model for Analyzing Biographical Uncertainty (2009)

The article proposes a general, empirically grounded model for analyzing biographical uncertainty. The model is based on findings from a qualitative-explorative study of transforming meanings of unemployment among young people in post-Soviet Lithuania. In a first step, the particular features of the uncertainty puzzle in post-communist youth transitions are briefly discussed. A historical event like the collapse of state socialism in Europe, similar to the recent financial and economic crisis, is a generator of uncertainty par excellence: it undermines the foundations of societies and the taken-for-grantedness of related expectations. Against this background, the case of a young woman and how she responds to the novel threat of unemployment in the transition to the world of work is introduced. Her uncertainty management in the specific time perspective of certainty production is then conceptually rephrased by distinguishing three types or levels of biographical uncertainty: knowledge, outcome, and recognition uncertainty. Biographical uncertainty, it is argued, is empirically observable through the analysis of acting and projecting at the biographical level. The final part synthesizes the empirical findings and the conceptual discussion into a stratification model of biographical uncertainty as a general tool for the biographical analysis of uncertainty phenomena. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100120
The Human Insulin Receptor Cdna: A New Tool to study the Function of this Receptor (1987)

The human insulin receptor (hIR) is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits. An immediate consequence of insulin binding to the extracellular alpha subunit is the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the intracellular domain of the beta subunit. The placental hIR cDNA has been cloned and sequenced, providing the primary structural features of the protein. In order to investigate the functions of the beta subunit and particularly the role of autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphokinase (TPK) activity (a feature shared by other receptors and oncogene proteins) in transmembrane signalling, we designed an expression system of the hIR cDNA in eucaryotic cells. Superexpressing CHO cell lines that contain about 10(6) functional hIR/cell have been developed. In these cells half maximum stimulation of glucose uptake occurs at 5 X 10(-10)M insulin, whereas normal CHO cells require 5 X 10(-12)M insulin. In this expression system we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis experiments in which domains of the molecule have been deleted or particular amino acids have been replaced by others. The replacement of either or both the tyrosine residues 1162 and 1163 compromise an autophosphorylated site that is important for kinase function and the insulin response. Expression of an isolated membrane-bound form of the beta-subunit produces a 6 fold increase in glucose uptake. This insulin-independent effect disappears if the twin tyrosines are mutated or if the beta subunit is expressed in the cytoplasm. These studies also show that the C terminal 112 amino acid portion of the beta subunit is important for the stability of this protein.
Condensation of Arylboroxine Structures on Lewis Basic Copolymers as a Noncovalent Strategy toward Polymer Functionalization (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTCondensation of Arylboroxine Structures on Lewis Basic Copolymers as a Noncovalent Strategy toward Polymer FunctionalizationPeter M. Iovine, Matthew N. Fletcher, and Shirley LinView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, California 92110, and Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572 Holloway RD, Annapolis, Maryland 21402 Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 19, 6324–6326Publication Date (Web):August 19, 2006Publication History Received20 June 2006Revised3 August 2006Published online19 August 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0613741https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0613741rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Functionalization,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Polymers,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Defence of Rhizobium etli bacteroids against oxidative stress involves a complexly regulated atypical 2‐Cys peroxiredoxin (2005)

In general, oxidative stress, the consequence of an aerobic lifestyle, induces bacterial antioxidant defence enzymes. Here we report on a peroxiredoxin of Rhizobium etli, prxS, strongly expressed under microaerobic conditions and during the symbiotic interaction with Phaseolus vulgaris. The microaerobic induction of the prxS-rpoN2 operon is mediated by the alternative sigma factor RpoN and the enhancer-binding protein NifA. The RpoN-dependent promoter is also active under low-nitrogen conditions through the enhancer-binding protein NtrC. An additional symbiosis-specific weak promoter is located between prxS and rpoN2. Constitutive expression of prxS confers enhanced survival and growth to R. etli in the presence of H2O2. Single prxS mutants are not affected in their symbiotic abilities or defence response against oxidative stress under free-living conditions. In contrast, a prxS katG double mutant has a significantly reduced (>40%) nitrogen fixation capacity, suggesting a functional redundancy between PrxS and KatG, a bifunctional catalase-peroxidase. In vitro assays demonstrate the reduction of PrxS protein by DTT and thioredoxin. PrxS displays substrate specificity towards H2O2 (Km = 62 microM) over alkyl hydroperoxides (Km > 1 mM). Peroxidase activity is abolished in both the peroxidatic (C56) and resolving (C156) cysteine PrxS mutants, while the conserved C81 residue is required for proper folding of the protein. Resolving of the R. etli PrxS peroxidatic cysteine is probably an intramolecular process and intra- and intersubunit associations were observed. Taken together, our data support, for the first time, a role for an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin against oxidative stress in R. etli bacteroids.
Effects of Various Forms of Progestin on the Endometrium of the Estrogen-Primed, Ovariectomized Rat. (1994)

Progestin supplementation has been advocated in estrogen treatment for postmenopausal women to avoid proliferation of the endometrium. In this study we investigated the morphologic and biochemical effects of progestins on the endometrium of estrogen primed, ovariectomized rats. As the progestin derivatives, Allylestenol (AE), Norethisterone (NE), Danazol (DZ), Dydrogesterone (DG), Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and Cyproterone acetate (CPA), and as a anti-estrogen compound, Tamoxifen (TMX), were applied. To evaluate the effects of these different compounds on the endometrium, histologic studies and measurement of estrogen receptor concentrations were performed. When 19-nortestosterone groups, AE, DZ and NE, were orally administered to the conjugated equine estrogen (CE) treated, ovariectomized rats, the histologic pattern of the endometrium revealed rather a marked inhibition of hyperplasia induced by CE than a progestational response. Two of 3 of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone groups, DG and MPA, provided slightly endometrial protection against the hyperplastic response, but another one, CPA, did not have any inhibitory effect on the estrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. TMX was not capable of suppressing the endometrial hyperplasia caused by CE administration. The average plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2) were 82.0 +/- 27.0 pg/ml (Mean +/- SD) after CE administration and there were no significant differences among these groups. Estrogen receptor concentrations of endometrium of progestins or antiestrogen added groups were not changed, when compared with the CE alone group. There was also no relationship between the estrogen receptor concentrations and the histologic findings in the endometrium. This discrepancy may be chiefly due to the low dose of the progestins as compared with the CE dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Possible Implications of MCAM Expression in Metastasis and Non-Metastatic of Primary Uveal Melanoma Patients (2009)

MCAM expression of primary uveal melanomas can serve as a possible prognostic parameter for metastasis. If further experiments approve the cellular adhesion molecules to account for early micrometastasis of tumor cells, a possible target might be available for future treatment.
Degradation of apolipoprotein B-100 of human plasma low density lipoproteins by tissue and plasma kallikreins. (1984)

Human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) contain one major apoprotein of apparent Mp = 550,000 designated apolipoprotein B-100 (apo-B-100) and in some LDL preparations, minor components termed apo-B-74 ( M I = 410,000) and apo-B-26145,000).The structural and metabolic relationships among these LDL apoproteins remain obscure.In the present study, we show that the mixing of proteolytic inhibitors with blood at the moment of collection prevents the appearance of apo-B-74 and -26 in plasma LDL indicating that these peptides are derived by proteolytic degradation of apo-B-100.In order to simulate the degradation in vitro, LDL were digested with plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, and tissue and plasma kallikreins and the degradation products analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis.While plasmin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin caused extensive degradation of apo-B-100, thrombin, and tissue and plasma kallikreins generated limited cleavage patterns.LDL digested with thrombin contained stoichiometric amounts of two peptides with apparent M , = 385,000 and 170,000.Mixing experiments showed that the thrombin-derived peptides of apo-B-100 did not co-migrate with apo-B-74 and B-26 during electrophoresis indicating that these peptides were different.In contrast, LDL digested with kallikrein eontained stoichiometric amounts of two peptides with apparent molecular weights identical to apo-B-74 and -26.Together, the above results indicate that apo-B-74 and -26 are degradation products of apo-B-100 and are not produced by the action of thrombin.Whether the expression of a kallikrein-like activity in vivo accounts for the specific degradation of LDL B-100 to yield LDL B-74 and -26 remains to be determined.Apolipoprotein B is a major protein constituent of chylo-
Magnetic resonance imaging of labeled T‐cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (2004)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease with early lesions characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltrate, edema, demyelination, and axonal loss that contribute to the clinical course of the disease. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse is a valuable model with a similar disease course to relapsing-remitting MS. The ability to detect the migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the central nervous system in EAE and MS would provide key information on these cells role in the development of lesions observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T cells were labeled for detection by magnetic resonance imaging using Food and Drug Administration-approved, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxides) complexed to poly-L-Lysine (FE-PLL). EAE was induced by adoptive transfer of either labeled or unlabeled T cells. After disease onset, FE-PLL-labeled T cells were detected in the mouse spinal cord using in vivo and ex vivo cellular MRI. Excellent correlation was seen between MRI-visible lesions in the spinal cord and histopathology. The results demonstrate that T cells labeled with FE-PLL can induce EAE disease and can be detected in vivo in the mouse model. The magnetic labeling of cells opens the possibility of monitoring specific cellular phenotypes or pharmacologically or genetically engineered cells by MRI.
Composable Lightweight Processors (2007)

Modern chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are designed to exploit both instruction-level parallelism (ILP) within pro- cessors and thread-level parallelism (TLP) within and across processors. However, the number of processors and the granularity of each processor are fixed at de- sign time. This paper evaluates a flexible architectural approach, called Composable Lightweight Processors (or CLPs), that allows simple, low-power cores to be aggre- gated together dynamically, forming larger, more powerful single-threaded processors without changing the applica- tion binary. We evaluate one such design with 32 cores called TFlex, which can be configured as 32 dual-issue pro- cessors, or as a single 64-wide issue processor, or as any point in between. Use of an Explicit Data Graph Execution (EDGE) ISA enables the system to be fully composable, with no monolithic structures spanning the cores. Simulation re- sults show that CLPs achieve an average performance boost of 42%, an average area-efficiency of 3.4x, and an average power-efficiency of 2x over a fixed architecture on a spec- trum of single-threaded applications. Results also show that CLPs outperform a spectrum of fixed CMP architectures on a set of multitasking workloads.
ARAMEMNON, a Novel Database for Arabidopsis Integral Membrane Proteins (2003)

A specialized database (DB) for Arabidopsis membrane proteins, ARAMEMNON, was designed that facilitates the interpretation of gene and protein sequence data by integrating features that are presently only available from individual sources. Using several publicly available prediction programs, putative integral membrane proteins were identified among the approximately 25,500 proteins in the Arabidopsis genome DBs. By averaging the predictions from seven programs, approximately 6,500 proteins were classified as transmembrane (TM) candidate proteins. Some 1,800 of these contain at least four TM spans and are possibly linked to transport functions. The ARAMEMNON DB enables direct comparison of the predictions of seven different TM span computation programs and the predictions of subcellular localization by eight signal peptide recognition programs. A special function displays the proteins related to the query and dynamically generates a protein family structure. As a first set of proteins from other organisms, all of the approximately 700 putative membrane proteins were extracted from the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. and incorporated in the ARAMEMNON DB. The ARAMEMNON DB is accessible at the URL http://aramemnon.botanik.uni-koeln.de.
Design of GaAs solar cell front surface anti-reflection coating (2013)

Based on a variety of dielectric film materials are of different refractive rate, design anti-reflection coating structure applying on the GaAs solar cell front surface in transfer matrix method (TMM), the optical absorption effect showed by different coating structure are analyzed and evaluated. Results show that: the three-layer anti-reflection film structure composed of three different dielectric film material has a smaller reflection loss than single-layer coating and double coating in GaAs cells absorb spectrum (300 nm ~ 867 nm wavelength range), for different incident angles, the reflectivity of incident light can be reduced to less than 5%.
Detection of single molecules of phycoerythrin in hydrodynamically focused flows by laser-induced fluorescence (1987)

Single molecules of B-phycoerythrin were detected by laser-induced fluorescence in hydrodynamically focused flows as each molecule transited a focused laser beam. Phycoerythrin is a large protein molecule containing the equivalent of 25 rhodamine-6G chromophores. Single molecule detection is documented by the following: (1 )the number of counts per molecules is in agreement with the expected number, (2) the number of molecules per second is in agreement with the concentration and the flow rate, and (3) the time interval distribution between detected molecules is In agreement with the concentration and the flow rate. The molecular transit time through the 1.1-pL probe volume was 180 micros.
Albumin microspheres as carrier of an inhibitor of leukocyte elastase: potential therapeutic agent for emphysema. (1979)

Methods are described for the covalent attachment of succinoyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-ValCH2Cl, an active site-directed inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.11), to microspheres of human albumin. The insertion of side arms of various lengths revealed that maximum inhibition of this enzyme was obtained when the spacer arm was at least 24.3 A in length. Approximately 30 molecules of the inhibitor could be attached to each molecule of albumin. Such derivatized microspheres were capable of inhibiting approximately one mole of elastase per mole of albumin, which is comparable to the inhibitory activity of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Experiments in vivo in which rats were injected intravenously with radiolabeled microspheres to which the inhibitor had been attached showed a rapid and exclusive uptake by the lungs. About 40--50% of the injected microspheres subsequently remained in the lungs with a half-life of approximately 17 days. These derivatized microspheres thus appear to offer promise as a therapeutic agent for emphysema.
Mechanical properties of thin alloy films: Ultramicrohardness and internal stress (1984)

On a series of Ag-Al, Ag-Au, Ag-Cu, Au-Cu, and Au-Fe thin films, made by vapor deposition, both ultramicrohardness and internal stress were determined as a function of the chemical composition of the deposits. In order to interpret these results microstructural investigations were performed using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, supplemented by electrical resistivity measurements. The observed data on hardness and internal stress can be well understood with the help of the metastable phase diagram of the alloy films. In the case of single-phase solid solutions, internal stresses are tensile. Compound formation, phase decomposition, or ordering are accompanied with dramatic changes of the internal stresses. With indentation experiments at very low loads the hardness-concentration dependences were observed in the case of films having a thickness of 1 μm only. Metallic films in general are characterized by a very high defect concentration. Moreover, a dramatic reduction of the average grain size was observed upon alloying. The resulting hardness increase may be understood in terms of a mechanism implying the blocking of the motions of dislocations.
Sugar-based amphiphilic nanoparticles arrest atherosclerosis in vivo (2015)

Atherosclerosis, the build-up of occlusive, lipid-rich plaques in arterial walls, is a focal trigger of chronic coronary, intracranial, and peripheral arterial diseases, which together account for the leading causes of death worldwide. Although the directed treatment of atherosclerotic plaques remains elusive, macrophages are a natural target for new interventions because they are recruited to lipid-rich lesions, actively internalize modified lipids, and convert to foam cells with diseased phenotypes. In this work, we present a nanomedicine platform to counteract plaque development based on two building blocks: first, at the single macrophage level, sugar-based amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) were designed to competitively block oxidized lipid uptake via scavenger receptors on macrophages; second, for sustained lesion-level intervention, AMs were fabricated into serum-stable core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) to rapidly associate with plaques and inhibit disease progression in vivo. An AM library was designed and fabricated into NP compositions that showed high binding and down-regulation of both MSR1 and CD36 scavenger receptors, yielding minimal accumulation of oxidized lipids. When intravenously administered to a mouse model of cardiovascular disease, these AM NPs showed a pronounced increase in lesion association compared with the control nanoparticles, causing a significant reduction in neointimal hyperplasia, lipid burden, cholesterol clefts, and overall plaque occlusion. Thus, synthetic macromolecules configured as NPs are not only effectively mobilized to lipid-rich lesions but can also be deployed to counteract atheroinflammatory vascular diseases, highlighting the promise of nanomedicines for hyperlipidemic and metabolic syndromes.
Pteridines. VIII. The Synthesis of 2,4-Bis-(alkylamino)-6,7-diphenylpteridines (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteridines. VIII. The Synthesis of 2,4-Bis-(alkylamino)-6,7-diphenylpteridinesE. C. Taylor Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1648–1650Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01127a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts