gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large introns in the 3' end of the gene for the pro alpha 1 (IV) chain of human basement membrane collagen. (1986)

Using a recently characterized cDNA clone (HT-21) coding for the pro alpha 1 (IV) chain of human type IV procollagen, we have isolated three clones from a bacterio-phage lambda Charon 4A library of human genomic DNA. The intron/exon structure of the pro alpha 1 (IV) genomic clones was analyzed by heteroduplex electron microscopy and nucleotide sequencing. The analysis showed that the introns separating exons 2-9 are large and have a total length of over 12,000 base pairs (bp). Six of seven exons at the 3' end of the gene coded for -Gly-Xaa-Yaa-repeats of the collagenous part of the chain. Five of the -Gly-Xaa-Yaa- coding exons (numbers 5-9) varied in size between 72 bp and 134 bp, and none of them were 54 bp or multiples thereof. A sixth exon (exon 4) was a junction exon containing 71 bp coding for -Gly-Xaa-Yaa- sequences and 142 bp coding for the carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain (NC-1). The seventh exon (exon 3, 178 bp) coded for sequences of the NC-1 domain. Five of the six -Gly-Xaa-Yaa- coding exons began with the second base coding for glycine, and only one exon began with a complete glycine codon at the 5' end. The results (i) suggest that the gene for the pro alpha 1(IV) chain of human basement membrane collagen is significantly larger than the genes for fibrillar collagens and (ii) show that it lacks the 54-bp exon repeats characteristic of fibrillar collagen genes.
Fabrication of High-Voltage, High-Capacity All-Solid-State Lithium Polymer Secondary Batteries by Application of the Polymer Electrolyte/Inorganic Electrolyte Composite Concept (2005)

For the purpose of oxidation decomposition control of the polyether-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in the high-voltage state, lithium phosphate (Li3PO4)-coated cathode (LiCoO2) powder was prepared via a mechanical coating technique. An all-solid-state lithium polymer secondary battery that used Li3PO4-coated LiCoO2 was prepared. By the oxidation suppression enabled by the Li3PO4 that was intervened between SPE and LiCoO2, charging up to a high voltage (4.6 V vs Li/Li+) was made possible and the discharge capacity was observed to be over 200 mAh g-1. Detailed electrochemical analysis was enabled by a combination of constant current−constant voltage charging measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As a result, it became clear that the oxidation decomposition that takes place at the SPE/cathode interface can be controlled by a coating of Li3PO4 on LiCoO2.
Effect of Plant Lectins on the Larval Development of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Southern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1990)

Twenty-six plant lectins were tested for antiinsect properties against neonate European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner), and Southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, larvae. Lectins from wheat, Triticum vulgaris L., castor beans, Ricinus communis L., and camels foot tree, Bauhinia purpurea L., were lethal to neonate O. nubilalis larvae when applied topically to the diet surface as a 2% solution. The LC50’s for lectins from R. communis, T. vulgare, and B. purpurea incorporated into the artificial diet were 0.29, 0.59, and 0.73 mg/g of diet, respectively. Surviving larvae had a 50% weight loss compared with control larvae at these concentrations. No other lectins affected larval growth or mortality of O. nubilalis. Lectins from R. communis, pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana L.), and green marine algae, Codium fragile (Suringar), were toxic to neonate D. undecimpunctata howardi larvae when applied topically (2%) to the artificial diet. Several other lectins inhibited larval growth by >40% compared with the control. These lectins were from jackfruit, Artocarpus integrifolia Lamarck, hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth, osage orange, Maclura pomifera Rafinesque, Bandeiraea simplicifolia (Baillon), and T. vulgaris. Transformation of the genes coding these lectins could be beneficial in the development of insect resistance in important agronomical crops.
Sampling Oscilloscope for Statistically Varying Pulses (1957)

A sampling oscilloscope is described with a 10 to 90% rise time of 5.6×10−10 sec. Maximum useful sweep speed is about 10−10 sec/in.; maximum useful sensitivity about 15 mv/in. These are limited solely by the peak time jitter of 2×10−11 sec, and apparent input peak noise of about 300 μv. Unlike prior sampling devices, pulses of constant or random repetition rate are displayed with equal facility. The usual time jitter associated with the display of random pulse heights is eliminated by selecting for display only those pulses that fall within a kicksorter channel. The average wave form of pulses with moderately irregular shapes is particularly easy to measure.
Enzymatic Determination of Phospholipase D Activity with Choline Oxidase (1978)

A new enzymatic method was developed for the assay of phospholipase D [phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase EC 3.1.4.4] from cabbage leaves using choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis cells. The method was based on the estimation of choline by the following series of enzymatic reactions after ending the phospholipase D reaction: The amount of choline was proportional to the amount of resulting quinoneimine dye with an absorbance maximum at 500 nm. The phospholipase D reaction (choline liberation) was carried out at pH 5.5 in the presence of Ca2+ ions and ended by adding EDTA in conc. Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8, to give a final pH of around 8. The initial rate of the phospholipase D reaction was proportional to the enzyme concentration over the absorbance change range of 0 to 0.25 (equivalent to 0–21 μM of choline) under the optimal reaction conditions.
Effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus sporogenes) feeding on egg production and quality, yolk cholesterol and humoral immune response of White Leghorn layer breeders (2007)

Abstract The effect of probiotic ( Lactobacillus sporogenes ) feeding on egg production and quality, yolk cholesterol and humoral immune response of White Leghorn (WL) layer breeders was studied. WL layer breeders (24 weeks) were randomly distributed into three groups of 28 each and were housed in individual California type cages. Considering one bird (individual feeding) as a replicate, 28 such replicates were randomly allotted to one of the three dietary treatments: basal (control) or basal with probiotic supplementation at a rate of 100 or 150 mg kg −1 feed. The probiotic used in the study was a commercial preparation containing L. sporogenes with 6000 million spores g −1 of the product. Dietary supplementation of L. sporogenes at 100 mg (6 × 10 8 spore) kg −1 diet significantly increased egg production and feed efficiency. However, body weight gain, feed intake, egg weight, specific gravity and Haugh unit was not influenced by probiotic feeding. The eggshell breaking strength, shell weight and shell thickness increased significantly by feeding 100 mg probiotic kg −1 diet. The serum concentration of calcium and protein increased, and that of cholesterol decreased by L. sporogenes supplementation. The yolk cholesterol followed the same trend of serum cholesterol. Feeding of L. sporogenes significantly enhanced antibody production. No difference in antibody production could, however, noticed between the levels (100 or 150 mg) of probiotic. It is concluded that feeding of L. sporogenes at 100 mg (6 × 10 8 spore) kg −1 diet significantly enhanced the egg production, shell quality and humoral immune response of WL layer breeders during 25–40 weeks of age. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of low‐level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (2006)

The energy density of LLLT (GaAlAs) at the surface level in this study (25 J/cm(2)) was probably too low to express either stimulatory effect or inhibitory effect on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
Sterically controlled docking of gold nanoparticles on ferritin surface by DNA hybridization (2011)

Novel assemblies of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (DNA-GNPs) have received considerable interest due to their fascinating properties which are desired for various detection applications. In this study, we present innovative GNP assemblies which have a cage-shaped protein ferritin in the center, and discrete GNPs sterically surrounding the central ferritin. These assemblies were constructed by hybridizing DNA-GNP to chemically DNA-modified ferritin, which has a hollow cavity or an iron NP core. Subsequent gel electrophoresis purification and transmission electron microscopy observation showed that ferritin/DNA/GNP assemblies were successfully constructed and can be isolated as independent functional units, which can be used to investigate not only the interaction between the GNPs of complicated GNP clusters but also the interaction between the GNPs and the internalized NP.
Research on a Clustering Data De-Duplication Mechanism Based on Bloom Filter (2010)

Recently, data de-duplication, the hot emerging technology, has received a broad attention from both academia and industry. Some researches focus on the approach by which to reduce more redundant data. And the others investigate how to do de-duplication at high speed. In this paper, we aim at reducing the time and space requirement for data de-duplication. We describe a clustering architecture with multiple nodes and all nodes can do the chunk-level data de-duplication in parallel. Thus the performance will be improved noticeably. At the same time, this paper proposes a new technique called "Fingerprint Summary". Each node keeps a compact summary of the chunks' fingerprints of every other node in its memory. When checking for duplicate chunks, each node queries its local chunk hash database and then the Fingerprint Summary if necessary to eliminate inter-node redundant chunks. So we can reduce the storage capacity requirement largely.
Evaluation of Facial Expression Recognition by a Smart Eyewear for Facial Direction Changes, Repeatability, and Positional Drift (2017)

This article presents a novel smart eyewear that recognizes the wearer’s facial expressions in daily scenarios. Our device uses embedded photo-reflective sensors and machine learning to recognize the wearer’s facial expressions. Our approach focuses on skin deformations around the eyes that occur when the wearer changes his or her facial expressions. With small photo-reflective sensors, we measure the distances between the skin surface on the face and the 17 sensors embedded in the eyewear frame. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is then applied to the information collected by the sensors. The sensors can cover various facial muscle movements. In addition, they are small and light enough to be integrated into daily-use glasses. Our evaluation of the device shows the robustness to the noises from the wearer’s facial direction changes and the slight changes in the glasses’ position, as well as the reliability of the device’s recognition capacity. The main contributions of our work are as follows: (1) We evaluated the recognition accuracy in daily scenes, showing 92.8% accuracy regardless of facial direction and removal/remount. Our device can recognize facial expressions with 78.1% accuracy for repeatability and 87.7% accuracy in case of its positional drift. (2) We designed and implemented the device by taking usability and social acceptability into account. The device looks like a conventional eyewear so that users can wear it anytime, anywhere. (3) Initial field trials in a daily life setting were undertaken to test the usability of the device. Our work is one of the first attempts to recognize and evaluate a variety of facial expressions with an unobtrusive wearable device.
Bradycardia and Cardiac Arrest Caused by Intramyometrial Injection of Vasopressin During a Laparoscopically Assisted Myomectomy (2009)

Local intramyometrial infiltration of low-dose vasopressin may cause lethal cardiopulmonary complications.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition but not beta-adrenergic stimulation suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in septic shock (2008)

In septic shock, the anti-inflammatory effects of catecholamines are blunted by downregulation of beta2-ARs and upregulation of the inhibitory G protein in CD14+ monocytes. Beta-adrenergic downregulation is overcome by inhibitors of PDE4. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for the therapeutic use of selective PDE4 inhibitors in the treatment of septic shock.
Pedestrian detection: A benchmark (2009)

Pedestrian detection is a key problem in computer vision, with several applications including robotics, surveillance and automotive safety. Much of the progress of the past few years has been driven by the availability of challenging public datasets. To continue the rapid rate of innovation, we introduce the Caltech Pedestrian Dataset, which is two orders of magnitude larger than existing datasets. The dataset contains richly annotated video, recorded from a moving vehicle, with challenging images of low resolution and frequently occluded people. We propose improved evaluation metrics, demonstrating that commonly used per-window measures are flawed and can fail to predict performance on full images. We also benchmark several promising detection systems, providing an overview of state-of-the-art performance and a direct, unbiased comparison of existing methods. Finally, by analyzing common failure cases, we help identify future research directions for the field.
Induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation by activators of adenylate cyclase (1990)

Oligodendrocyte differentiation is accelerated by analogs of cyclic AMP (cAMP), such as N6,2-'O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) or 8-bromo cAMP, in developing rat glial cell cultures (Raible and McMorris, 1989). However, it is not known whether the immature developing oligodendrocytes have G protein-coupled adenylate cyclase capable of generating cAMP, as would be required if development of the cells is normally regulated by endogenous cAMP. In the present study, we demonstrate that the diterpene forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, or cholera toxin, which activates adenylate cyclase through G protein modification, can induce a precocious increase in oligodendrocyte number. When both forskolin and cholera toxin are added together, oligodendrocyte differentiation is induced to a level similar to that observed in response to cAMP analogs. These results establish for the first time that modulation of the endogenous cAMP regulatory system alters the schedule of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
High-density GaAs integrated circuit manufacturing (2003)

The essential items in the development of a high-density high-yield volume manufacturing process for GaAs integrated circuits are presented. The critical issues and decisions for creating the high-density GaAs (HGaAs) enhancement and depletion mode Schottky gate MESFET process are reviewed. The authors describe the process steps, fabrication equipment, and materials used to fabricate self-aligned, refractory gate, enhancement/depletion (E/D) MESFET multilevel metal GaAs integrated circuits. Representative device and circuit results are included.
THE EFFECT OF SOLUBLE COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR TYPE 1 ON HYPERACUTE XENOGRAFT REJECTION (1991)

In the guinea pig-to-rat model of hyperacute xenograft (Xg) rejection, the effect of complement inhibition using systemically administered soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) on discordant cardiac Xg survival was investigated. In PBS-treated control Xg recipients (n = 13), hyperacute rejection was rapid, with a mean Xg survival of 17 +/- 4 min. Therapy with sCR1 prolonged survival of cardiac Xgs in a dose-dependent manner. A 3 mg/kg bolus of sCR1 (n = 4) prolonged Xg survival to 64 +/- 29 min (not significant). Increasing the sCR1 dose to 5.9 mg/kg (n = 4) significantly delayed Xg rejection to 71 +/- 17 min (P-0.026, log-rank test vs. control). In 10 recipients treated with 15 mg/kg sCR1, mean Xg survival was further prolonged to 189 +/- 36 min (P-0.0004) with no adverse effects. While 2 of 8 recipients receiving 60 mg/kg sCR1 died with functioning Xgs at 30 and 300 min due to anastomotic bleeding, Xg survival averaged over 12 hr (747 +/- 100 min, P-0.0004) in the remaining 6 recipients. sCR1 administration significantly inhibited serum complement activity in a parallel dose-dependent fashion, with the 60 mg/kg dose reducing complement activity by 95 +/- 1 and 96 +/- 1% five and 30 min following Xg reperfusion, respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed rat IgM bound to all cardiac Xgs in control as well as sCR1-treated recipients. In addition, serial histologic examination of cardiac Xgs harvested within 21 min of graft reperfusion revealed occlusive platelet aggregates within the coronary vessels as well as interstitial hemorrhage and myocardial necrosis in Xgs from control recipients, all of which were only minimally present in Xgs from recipients treated with sCR1. These studies show that complement inhibition with sCR1 significantly delays hyperacute cardiac Xg rejection in this discordant model and may be an important component in a therapeutic protocol for xenotransplantation.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of intercessory prayer on the spiritual wellbeing and quality of life of patients with cancer (2009)

e20708 Background: A number of scientific trials assessing the positive impact of intercessory prayer attest to centuries of anecdotal evidence, despite debate of its mechanism. However, little attention has been afforded to patients with cancer and the effect such intervention has on quality of life, including spiritual wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the effect of remote, Christian intercessory prayer on cancer patients’ quality of life, specifically their spiritual wellbeing, including their search for meaning, peace, and faith. Methods: New, consecutive patients with cancer attending an Australian cancer centre, aged 18 years or above, able to read English, and give consent were recruited. With Ethics Committee approval, this prospective, double blinded randomized controlled trial only partially divulged the nature of the study to patients who were informed of the measurements but not the inclusion of randomization to an intervention. Specifically, patients were blindly, randomly allocated to receive distant, intercessory prayer from an established Christian prayer chain (intervention) or not to receive prayer (control). All patients completed the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) at baseline. The FACIT-Sp was re-administered six months later to assess the primary endpoint, a change in spiritual wellbeing. It was anticipated that 1000 patients were needed (allowing for 20% drop out) to achieve 80% power to detect hypothesized small differences (Cohen's d .20-.50) between groups (alpha = .05). Results: A total of 1003 eligible, consenting patients were accrued between June 2003 and May 2008. Intervention (n = 509) and control (n = 494) groups will be compared across baseline characteristics to identify any pre-existing differences. Between-within subject analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) will be used to assess whether any differences were evident between groups across measures of spiritual wellbeing and other facets of quality of life. Conclusions: The results of these analyses will be presented. It is hoped this research will provide further empirical support for the biopsychosocialspiritual model of health. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of gut bacterial isolates from Apis mellifera jemenitica on Paenibacillus larvae infected bee larvae (2017)

The probiotic effects of seven newly isolated gut bacteria, from the indegenous honey bees of Saudi Arabia were investigated. <i>In vivo</i> bioassays were used to investigate the effects of each gut bacterium namely, <i>Fructobacillus fructosus</i> (T1), <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> (T2), <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (T3), <i>Lactobacillus kunkeei</i> (T4), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (T5), <i>Enterobacter kobei</i> (T6), and <i>Morganella morganii</i> (T7) on mortality percentage of honey bee larvae infected with <i>P. larvae</i> spores along with negative control (normal diet) and positive control (normal diet spiked with <i>P. larvae</i> spores). Addition of gut bacteria to the normal diet significantly reduced the mortality percentage of the treated groups. Mortality percentage in all treated groups ranged from 56.67% up to 86.67%. T6 treated group exhibited the highest mortality (86.67%), whereas T4 group showed the lowest mortality (56.67%). Among the seven gut bacterial treatments, T4 and T3 decreased the mortality 56.67% and 66.67%, respectively, whereas, for T2, T6, and T7 the mortality percentage was equal to that of the positive control (86.67%). Mortality percentages in infected larval groups treated with T1, and T5 were 78.33% and 73.33% respectively. Most of the mortality occurred in the treated larvae during days 2 and 3. Treatments T3 and T4 treatments showed positive effects and reduced mortality.
Lapatinib Antitumor Activity Is Not Dependent upon Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Deleted on Chromosome 10 in ErbB2-Overexpressing Breast Cancers (2007)

Trastuzumab antitumor activity in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers seems to be dependent upon the presence of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a phosphatase that dampens phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling. Consequently, PTEN deficiency, which occurs in 50% of breast cancers, predicts for resistance to trastuzumab monotherapy. Here, we show that lapatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases, exerts its antitumor activity in a PTEN-independent manner. Steady-state phosphorylated ErbB2 (p-ErbB2) and p-Akt (S473) protein levels were inhibited within 30 min following lapatinib but not in response to trastuzumab in BT474 and Au565 cells (two ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines that are sensitive to the proapoptotic effects of lapatinib). Whereas trastuzumab reportedly inhibits SRC phosphorylation (Y416), which in turn reduced SRC-ErbB2 protein interactions, lapatinib had no effect on either variable. To assess the potential functional role that PTEN might play in lapatinib antitumor activity, we selectively knocked down PTEN in BT474 and Au565 cells using small interfering RNA transfection. Loss of PTEN did not affect induction of tumor cell apoptosis by lapatinib in either cell line. In addition, lapatinib inhibited Akt phosphorylation in MDA-MB-468 cells, an ErbB1-expressing/ErbB2 non-overexpressing breast cancer line, despite their PTEN-null status. Moreover, patients with ErbB2-overexpressing inflammatory breast cancers responded to lapatinib monotherapy regardless of PTEN status. Thus, lapatinib seems to exert its antitumor activity in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers in a PTEN-independent manner. These data emphasize the importance of assessing PTEN status in tumors when selecting ErbB2-targeted therapies in patients with breast cancer.
Permeability of silk microcapsules made by the interfacial adsorption of protein (2007)

The assembly of colloidal particles at a liquid/liquid interface is a useful technique for the formation of a large variety of structures. Recently, we created a new method which uses liquid/liquid interfaces to assemble recombinant silk proteins into thin-shelled microcapsules. These microcapsules are mechanically stable and well suited to applications such as enzyme therapy and artificial cells. In this paper the permeability properties of these microcapsules are investigated using a novel measurement technique. It is found that the microcapsules are polydisperse in their permeabilities, but for all measured microcapsules the permeability is in the range required to protect encapsulants from immunoglobulin proteins, while allowing small molecules to enter the capsule freely.