gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pathogen-specific Epitope Inserted into Recombinant Secretory Immunoglobulin A Is Immunogenic by the Oral Route (1996)

Oral administration of rabbit secretory IgA (sIgA) to adult BALB/c mice induced IgA+, IgM+, and IgG+ lymphoblasts in the Peyer's patches, whose fusion with myeloma cells resulted in hybridomas producing IgA, IgM, and IgG1 antibodies to the secretory component (SC). This suggests that SC could serve as a vector to target protective epitopes into mucosal lymphoid tissue and elicit an immune response. We tested this concept by inserting a Shigella flexneri invasin B epitope into SC, which, following reassociation with IgA, was delivered orally to mice. To identify potential insertion sites at the surface of SC, we constructed a molecular model of the first and second Ig-like domains of rabbit SC. A surface epitope recognized by an SC-specific antibody was mapped to the loop connecting the E and F beta strands of domain I. This 8-amino acid sequence was replaced by a 9-amino acid linear epitope from S. flexneri invasin B. We found that cellular trafficking of recombinant SC produced in mammalian CV-1 cells was drastically altered and resulted in a 50-fold lower rate of secretion. However, purification of chimeric SC could be achieved by Ni2+-chelate affinity chromatoraphy. Both wild-type and chimeric SC bound to dimeric IgA, but not to monomeric IgA. Reconstituted sIgA carrying the invasin B epitope within the SC moiety triggers the appearance of seric and salivary invasin B-specific antibodies. Thus, neo-antigenized sIgA can serve as a mucosal vaccine delivery system inducing systemic and mucosal immune responses.
Intergeneric conjugation between Escherichia coli and Streptomyces species (1989)

We have constructed Escherichia coli-Streptomyces shuttle plasmids which are capable of conjugal transfer from E. coli to Streptomyces spp. These plasmids contained the pBR322 and pIJ101 origins of replication and the RK2 (IncP) origin of transfer. The transfer of plasmid was specifically dependent the presence of a 760-base-pair, cis-acting, oriT-containing fragment and on RP4 (IncP) functions supplied in trans. Conditions of mating and selection of exconjugants were analyzed with Streptomyces lividans as recipient. Plasmid transfer to other Streptomyces species was also demonstrated.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Protein Kinase with a Catalytic Domain Homologous to Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase (1996)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades include MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MAPK kinase (MKK or MEK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MEKK). MAPKK kinase/MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase, MAPK kinase/MEK, which in turn activates MAPK. We report herein the isolation of a cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase designated MAPKKK5 from a human macrophage library. The nucleotide sequence predicts that MAPKKK5 encodes an open reading frame of 1374 amino acids with all 11 kinase subdomains. The putative catalytic domain of MAPKKK5 shows significant sequence homology to the kinase domains of the MAPKKK/MEKK level protein kinases from mouse MEKK2 and -3, Drosophila melanogaster PK92B, Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE11, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe BYR2. Northern blot analysis showed that MAPKKK5 transcript is abundantly expressed in human heart and pancreas. When transiently expressed in COS and 293 cells, MAPKKK5 markedly activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase or stress-activated protein kinase, but not MAPK/ERK. Furthermore, MAPKKK5 that was immunoprecipitated from transfected 293 cells was able to phosphorylate and activate MKK4 in vitro, suggesting that MAPKKK5 may be an upstream activator of MKK4 in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway.
A chemoselective approach for the accelerated synthesis of well-defined dendritic architectures (2007)

A chemoselective and layered growth approach has been developed for the synthesis of dendrimers, combining Click chemistry with traditional esterification/etherification reactions, without the need for activation steps and with excellent overall yields.
Microarrays in breast cancer research and clinical practice – the future lies ahead (2006)

Molecular profiling for classification and prognostic purposes has demonstrated that the genetic signatures of tumors contain information regarding biological properties as well as clinical behavior. This review highlights the progress that has been made in the field of gene expression profiling of human breast cancer. Breast cancer has become one of the most intensely studied human malignancies in the genomic era; several hundred papers over the last few years have investigated various clinical and biological aspects of human breast cancer using high-throughput molecular profiling techniques. Given the grossly heterogeneous nature of the disease and the lack of robust conventional markers for disease prediction, prognosis, and response to treatment, the notion that a transcriptional profile comprising multiple genes, rather than any single gene or other parameter, will be more predictive of tumor behavior is both appealing and reasonable. Promising results have emerged from these studies, correlating gene expression profiles with prognosis, recurrence, metastatic potential, therapeutic response, as well as biological and functional aspects of the disease. Clearly, the integration of genomic approaches into the clinic lies in the near future, but prospective studies based on larger patient cohorts representing the whole spectrum of breast cancer, oncogenic pathway-based studies, attendant care in bioinformatic analyses and validation studies are needed before the full promise of gene expression profiling can be realized in the clinical setting.
Strategic Planning of the NWS Offshore Expansion Activities (1998)

Abstract The North West Shelf Gas Project (NWSGP) comprises North Rankin A and Goodwyn A processing platforms exporting dehydrated gas and condensate through a single multiphase trunkline to an onshore processing plant on the Burrup Peninsula, N W Australia. Demand for domestic gas has been recently stimulated while the Western Pacific Rim region presents an expanding LNG market. The proximity of these markets, together with the Venture's reputation for reliable supply, and a highly successful gas exploration program, places the NWS Venture in a strong position for substantial growth in its LNG, Domgas and liquids business. The current offshore infrastructure will require expansion to capture the future market demands (Figure 1). Woodside has initiated an Offshore Development Planning (ODP) Process designed to deliver insight and understanding into the complex technical and commercial issues which surround the continued development of the NWS. Major uncertainties facing the Venture include timing of expansion opportunities; proven and exploration reserves; and the capacity, reliability and safety of surface facilities. The ODP is a decision-focussed process that analyses major infrastructure decisions and presents understanding and insight in support of development recommendations. This paper reviews the work associated with the current ODP program, describing the methodology and expansion strategies evaluated and how these methodologies have made a difference in the overall development strategy of the NWS. P. 361
A New Synthetic Method for Some Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (1979)

Abstract 3,7-Dihydroxy- and 3-substituted 7-hydroxypyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines were synthesized from diethyl oxaloacetate and ethyl acylpyruvates via ethyl 4-amino-5-oxo-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate hydrochloride and ethyl 5-substituted 4-amino-3-pyrazolecarboxylates, respectively.
Plasmodium falciparum malaria: association of knobs on the surface of infected erythrocytes with a histidine-rich protein and the erythrocyte skeleton. (1984)

Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (RBC) develop surface protrusions (knobs) which consist of electron-dense submembrane cups and the overlying RBC plasma membrane. Knobs mediate cytoadherence to endothelial cells. Falciparum variants exist that lack knobs. Using knobby (K+) and knobless (K-) variants of two strains of P. falciparum, we confirmed Kilejian's original observation that a histidine-rich protein occurred in K+ parasites but not K- variants (Kilejian, A., 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:4650-4653; and Kilejian, A., 1980, J. Exp. Med., 151:1534-1538). Two additional histidine-rich proteins of lower molecular weight were synthesized by K+ and K- variants of both strains. We used differential detergent extraction and thin-section electron microscopy to investigate the subcellular location of the histidine-rich protein unique to K+ parasites. Triton X-100, Zwittergent 314, cholic acid, CHAPS, and Triton X-100/0.6 M KCl failed to extract the unique histidine-rich protein. The residues insoluble in these detergents contained the unique histidine-rich protein and electron-dense cups. The protein was extracted by 1% SDS and by 1% Triton X-100/9 M urea. The electron-dense cups were missing from the insoluble residues of these detergents. The electron-dense cups and the unique histidine-rich protein appeared to be associated with the RBC skeleton, particularly RBC protein bands 1, 2, 4.1, and 5. We propose that the unique histidine-rich protein binds to the RBC skeleton to form the electron-dense cup. The electron-dense cup produces knobs by forming focal protrusions of the RBC membrane. These protrusions are the specific points of attachment between infected RBC and endothelium.
Molecular pathogenesis of periodontal disease (1994)

Microbial virulence factors host factors - cytokines and other effector molecules host factors - neutrophils, mapping T- and B-cell epitopes, and genetic factors periodontal wound healing.
Assessment of the Efficacy of In Vivo CFTR Protein Replacement Therapy in CF Mice (1998)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF gene that lead, for the most part, to mislocalization of the protein product, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory (CFTR). CFTR is a chloride channel normally situated in the apical membrane of epithelial cells where it contributes to transepithelial ion transport. In this study we demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo transfer of purified CFTR protein via phospholipid liposomes into the apical membrane of nasal epithelia of CFTR knockout mice. Membrane incorporation of immunogold-labeled CFTR could be visualized by electron microscopy and correction of CF-related defects in ion transport measured by nasal potential difference (PD) measurements in about one-third of the animals treated. Although these initial results are promising, effectiveness of this therapeutic approach appears to be limited by the inefficient incorporation of CFTR into the apical epithelial cell membrane.
Small planetary rovers (2002)

The authors argue that small rovers on the order of 1 to 2 kg are suitable for planetary exploration. Not only are they extremely cost effective but they also enable a number of new possibilities for scientific objectives. The authors describe their Attila robots which are prototypes for planetary rovers at the larger end of the scale (1.6 kg). The robots have 24 actuators and over 150 sensors, all connected via a local network to 11 onboard computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Compositional Diversity of Terpenoids in the HimalayanValeriana Genera (2005)

In an effort to determine the chemical diversity of the Valeriana genera of the Northwestern Himalaya (Uttaranchal), V. wallichii, V. himalayana (syn. V. dioica), V. pyrolaefolia, and V. hardwickii var. arnottiana were investigated for their terpenoid compositions by means of GC and GC/MS analyses of their essential oils, as well as by one- and two-dimensional NMR studies of the isolates. Our results establish that V. wallichii DC. includes two stable chemotypes, with no mixed population, chemotype I being characterized by the presence of maaliol (1), and chemotype II having patchouli alcohol (2) and 8-acetoxypatchouli alcohol (3) as major compounds. V. hardwickii var. arnottiana was also found to exist as two independent chemotypes. Here, chemotype I is characterized by alpha-kessyl acetate (4), valeracetate (5), and 8-epikessyl glycol diacetate (6), whereas the chemotype-II species contain maaliol (1) and kessanyl acetate (7). V. himalayana Grub. had maaliol (1), valeranone (8), kessane (9), and alpha-kessyl acetate (4) as major compounds, and V. pyrolaefolia Decne. contained patchouli alcohol (2) and valeranone (8) as markers.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding My Article on Dose Metrics in Nanotoxicity Studies (Wittmaack, 2011) (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetters to the Edito...Letters to the EditorNEXTReply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding My Article on Dose Metrics in Nanotoxicity Studies (Wittmaack, 2011)Klaus WittmaackView Author Information Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85758 Neuherberg, GermanyCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2012, 25, 1, 7–10Publication Date (Web):December 15, 2011Publication History Published online15 December 2011Published inissue 13 January 2012https://doi.org/10.1021/tx200381eCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views541Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Dynamic light scattering,Hydrodynamics,Optical properties,Scattering,Silica Get e-Alerts
<title>Dual Tunable Fabry-Perot Spectrally Agile Filter</title> (1984)

Two unconventional Fabry-Perot interferometer cavities are used in series to permit transmission of both wide and narrow spectral bands in the infrared. The use of two cavities, in series, blocks unwanted harmonics and effectively extends the free spectral range of the device. The regime of operation covers the middle- and far-infrared spectra, as well as portions of the near- and extreme-infrared. Very small cavity spacings are used to produce a very wide-band transmission window when the device is operated in the zero-order mode. Tuning the device with a closed-loop capacitive control system produces vari-able cavity spacings in higher-order modes, resulting in variable transmission bandwidths over a large spectral range. The design and fabrication issues for two-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometers are discussed, and theoretical perfor-mance and test results are presented for two infrared devices.
A 10MHz 92.1%-efficiency green-mode automatic reconfigurable switching converter with adaptively compensated single-bound hysteresis control (2010)

A green-mode power converter is implemented in 0.13 ¿m CMOS and achieves step-up/down variable output with adaptively optimized efficiency. Single-bound hysteresis control enables high-frequency switching regulation with suppressed error and noise. For V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> = 1.5 V and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 10 MHz, the output is regulated from 0.9 to 2.2 V with an efficiency of >80% over a 400 mW power range.
Synthesis of Graphene Sheets with High Electrical Conductivity and Good Thermal Stability by Hydrogen Arc Discharge Exfoliation (2009)

We developed a hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation method for the synthesis of graphene sheets (GSs) with excellent electrical conductivity and good thermal stability from graphite oxide (GO), in combination with solution-phase dispersion and centrifugation techniques. It was found that efficient exfoliation and considerable deoxygenation of GO, and defect elimination and healing of exfoliated graphite can be simultaneously achieved during the hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation process. The GSs obtained by hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation exhibit a high electrical conductivity of approximately 2 x 10(3) S/cm and high thermal stability with oxidization resistance temperature of 601 degrees C, which are much better than those prepared by argon arc discharge exfoliation (approximately 2 x 10(2) S/cm, 525 degrees C) and by conventional thermal exfoliation (approximately 80 S/cm, 507 degrees C) with the same starting GO. These results demonstrate that this hydrogen arc discharge exfoliation method is a good approach for the preparation of GSs with a good quality.
Suppression of fever and the acute-phase response in a patient with juvenile chronic arthritis treated with monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cA2) (1997)

Juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) is the commonest chronic rheumatic disorder of childhood. Although conventional therapy of JCA continues to improve, many patients experience long-term ill health as a result of their disease or treatment. In adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), similar concerns have led to the development of therapies designed to interfere in key disease processes. One such therapy is cA2, a chimeric neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The administration of cA2 in adult RA has led to impressive short-term suppression of disease, with a good safety profile. Here, we report the first use of cA2 in childhood arthritis, choosing a patient with severe systemic-onset JCA, resistant to conventional therapies. The patient received two i.v. infusions of cA2, each at a dose of 10 mg/kg, separated by 1 week. The treatment was well tolerated and induced rapid control of fever, anorexia and serositis, together with downregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR) and IL-1ra, and the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA). In contrast, we saw no significant improvement in joint pain or tenderness. Our findings suggest that TNF-alpha is a mediator of fever and other systemic aspects of disease in systemic JCA. TNF-alpha blockade as a treatment modality in JCA deserves further study.
Purification, cDNA Cloning, and Expression of GDP-l-Fuc:Asn-linked GlcNAc α1,3-Fucosyltransferase from Mung Beans (1999)

Substitution of the asparagine-linked GlcNAc by alpha1,3-linked fucose is a widespread feature of plant as well as of insect glycoproteins, which renders the N-glycan immunogenic. We have purified from mung bean seedlings the GDP-L-Fuc:Asn-linked GlcNAc alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase (core alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase) that is responsible for the synthesis of this linkage. The major isoform had an apparent mass of 54 kDa and isoelectric points ranging from 6. 8 to 8.2. From that protein, four tryptic peptides were isolated and sequenced. Based on an approach involving reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, core alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase cDNA was cloned from mung bean mRNA. The 2200-base pair cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1530 base pairs that encoded a 510-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 56.8 kDa. Analysis of cDNA derived from genomic DNA revealed the presence of three introns within the open reading frame. Remarkably, from the four exons, only exon II exhibited significant homology to animal and bacterial alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferases which, though, are responsible for the biosynthesis of Lewis determinants. The recombinant fucosyltransferase was expressed in Sf21 insect cells using a baculovirus vector. The enzyme acted on glycopeptides having the glycan structures GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1- 6)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbet a1-4GlcNAcbeta1-Asn, GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1- 6)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbet a1-4(Fucalpha1-6)GlcNAcbeta1-Asn, and GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3[Manalpha1-3(Manalpha1-6 )Manalpha1-6]Manbeta1 -4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-Asn but not on, e.g. N-acetyllactosamine. The structure of the core alpha1,3-fucosylated product was verified by high performance liquid chromatography of the pyridylaminated glycan and by its insensitivity to N-glycosidase F as revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.
Elevated CSF N -acetylaspartylglutamate in patients with free sialic acid storage diseases (2010)

In patients with undiagnosed leukodystrophies, increased free sialic acid in CSF or urine is a marker for free sialic acid storage disorder and facilitates the identification of the underlying genetic defect. Because increase of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in CSF has been observed in other hypomyelinating disorders, it can be viewed as a marker of a subgroup of hypomyelinating disorders.
Pain Characteristics of the Acute Migraine Attack (2006)

This study provides an in-depth description of pain features in the acute migraine attack. It was found that a significant number of patients need to be provided with the means of treating headache rapidly in at least some of their headaches and that headache recurrence needs to be addressed in a large number of patients.
Cisco Layer Two Forwarding (Protocol) "L2F" (1998)

Virtual dial-up allows many separate and autonomous protocol domains to share common access infrastructure including modems, Access Servers, and ISDN routers. Previous RFCs have specified protocols for supporting IP dial-up via SLIP [1] and multiprotocol dial-up via PPP [2]. This document describes the Layer Two Forwarding protocol (L2F) which permits the tunneling of the link layer (i.e., HDLC, async HDLC, or SLIP frames) of higher level protocols. Using such tunnels, it is possible to divorce the location of the initial dial- up server from the location at which the dial-up protocol connection is terminated and access to the network provided.
Analysis of the L1 Gene Product of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 by Expression in a Vaccinia Virus Recombinant (1988)

The L1 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has been expressed in vaccinia virus under the control of both the 7.5K early and late promoter, and the 4b major late promoter. Antibodies to a beta-galactosidase fusion protein containing a C-terminal portion of the HPV16 L1 gene product were used to compare the levels of L1 expression in the two recombinants, and showed that greater levels of expression were obtained when the gene was placed under the control of the 4b late promoter. Immunofluorescence studies revealed a nuclear location of the L1 gene product when expressed in vaccinia virus. Antibodies to the beta-galactosidase fusion protein detected a major polypeptide species of 57K and a minor species of 64K in Western blots of recombinant-infected cell lysates. The 64K species was not detected when cells were infected in the presence of tunicamycin, indicating that the primary translation product of the HPV16 L1 open reading frame is modified by N-linked glycosylation when expressed in vaccinia virus. Whereas antibodies to HPV16 L1 fusion proteins and to a peptide containing amino acids from the C terminus of HPV16 L1 reacted well in Western blots with the HPV16 L1 target expressed in vaccinia virus, no reactivity was observed with antibodies to bovine papillomavirus type 1 particles or to a HPV6b fusion protein.