gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Switching of High-Speed Air−Liquid Two-Phase Flows Using Electrowetting-Assisted Flow-Pattern Change (2003)

This work is the first demonstration of electrical modulation of surface energy to reversibly switch dynamic high-speed gas-liquid two-phase microfluidic flow patterns. Manipulation of dynamic two-phase systems with continuous high-speed flows is complex and interesting due to the multiple types of forces that need to be considered. Here, distinct stable flow patterns are formed through a multipronged approach: both surface tension forces generated by surface chemistry modulation as well as viscous and inertial forces produced by fluid flows are employed. The novel fluidic actuation mechanism provides insights into better understanding microscale two-phase flow dynamics and offers new opportunities for the development of two-phase biochemical microsystems that are mechanically simple and operational at high speeds.
Neurochemical analysis of focal ischemia in rats. (1991)

These findings confirm marked alterations in purine metabolism following focal ischemia and suggest that xanthine oxidase contributes to the generation of free radicals.
Videoconferencing on the Internet (1996)

This paper describes the INRIA videoconferencing system (IVS), a low bandwidth tool for real-time video between workstations on the Internet using UDP datagrams and the IP multicast extension. The video coder-decoder (codec) is a software implementation of the ITU-T recommendation H.261 originally developed for the integrated services digital network (ISDN). Our focus is on adapting this codec for the Internet environment. We propose a packetization scheme, an error control scheme and an output rate control scheme that adapts the image coding process based on network conditions. This work shows that it is possible to maintain videoconferences with reasonable quality across packet-switched networks without requiring special support from the network such as resource reservation or admission control.
Targets of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 2-mediated tumor growth regulation revealed by serial analysis of gene expression. (2002)

Although the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway has been implicated in mediating cell growth and transformation, its downstream effectors remain to be identified. Using JNK2 antisense oligonucleotides (JNK2AS), we uncovered previously a role for JNK2 in regulating cell cycle progression and survival of human PC3 prostate carcinoma cells. Here, to identify genes involved in implementing JNK2-mediated effects, we have analyzed global gene expression changes in JNK2-deprived PC3 cells using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression. More than 40,000 tags each were generated from control and PC3-JNK2AS libraries, corresponding to 15,999 and 20,698 unique transcripts, respectively. Transcripts corresponding to transcription factors, stress-induced genes, and apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated in the PC3-JNK2AS library, revealing a significant stress response after the inhibition of JNK2 expression. Genes involved in DNA repair, mRNA turnover, and drug resistance were found to be down-regulated by inhibition of JNK2 expression, further highlighting the importance of JNK2 signaling in regulating cell homeostasis and tumor cell growth.
Optimal tocopherol concentrations to inhibit soybean oil oxidation (2002)

Abstract The optimal concentration for tocopherols to inhibit soybean oil oxidation was determined for individual tocopherols (α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherol) and for the natural soybean oil tocopherol mixture (tocopherol ratio of 1∶13∶5 for α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherol, respectively). The concentration of the individual tocopherols influenced oil oxidation rates, and the optimal concentrations were unique for each tocopherol. For example, the optimal concentrations for α‐tocopherol and γ‐tocopherol were ∼100 and ∼300 ppm, respectively, whereas δ‐tocopherol did not exhibit a distinct concentration optimum at the levels studied ( P &lt;0.05). The optimal concentration for the natural tocopherol mixture ranged between 340 and 660 ppm tocopherols ( P &lt;0.05). The antioxidant activity of the tocopherols diminished when the tocopherol levels exceeded their optimal concentrations. Above their optimal concentrations, the individual tocopherols and the tocopherol mixture exhibited prooxidation behavior that was more pronounced with increasing temperature from 40 to 60°C ( P &lt;0.05). A comparison of the antioxidant activity of the individual tocopherols at their optimal concentrations revealed that α‐tocopherol (∼100 ppm) was 3–5 times more potent than γ‐tocopherol (∼300 ppm) and 16–32 times more potent than δ‐tocopherol (∼1900 ppm).
Anti-tax interacting protein-1 (TIP-1) monoclonal antibody targets human cancers (2016)

Radiation-inducible neo-antigens are proteins expressed on cancer cell surface after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). These neo-antigens provide opportunities to specifically target cancers while sparing normal tissues. Tax interacting protein-1 (TIP-1) is induced by irradiation and is translocated to the surface of cancer cells. We have developed a monoclonal antibody, 2C6F3, against TIP-1.Epitope mapping revealed that 2C6F3 binds to the QPVTAVVQRV epitope of the TIP-1 protein. 2C6F3 binds to the surface of lung cancer (A549, LLC) and glioma (D54, GL261) cell lines. 2C6F3 binds specifically to TIP-1 and ELISA analysis showed that unconjugated 2C6F3 efficiently blocked binding of radiolabeled 2C6F3 to purified TIP-1 protein. To study in vivo tumor binding, we injected near infrared (NIR) fluorochrome-conjugated 2C6F3 via tail vein in mice bearing subcutaneous LLC and GL261 heterotopic tumors. The NIR images indicated that 2C6F3 bound specifically to irradiated LLC and GL261 tumors, with little or no binding in un-irradiated tumors.We also determined the specificity of 2C6F3 to bind tumors in vivo using SPECT/CT imaging. 2C6F3 was conjugated with diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) chelator and radiolabeled with 111Indium (111In). SPECT/CT imaging revealed that 111In-2C6F3 bound more to the irradiated LLC tumors compared to un-irradiated tumors. Furthermore, injection of DTPA-2C6F3 labeled with the therapeutic radioisotope, 90Y, (90Y-DTPA-2C6F3) significantly delayed LLC tumor growth. 2C6F3 mediated antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) in vitro.In conclusion, the monoclonal antibody 2C6F3 binds specifically to TIP-1 on cancer and radio-immunoconjugated 2C6F3 improves tumor control.
Fibrosis-associated gene expression in renal transplant glomeruli after acute renal allograft rejection (2003)

These results suggest that acute rejection episodes do not increase the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in glomeruli from renal transplant biopsies.
The Oncogene eIF4E: Using Biochemical Insights to Target Cancer (2013)

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is overexpressed in many human malignancies where it is typically a harbinger of poor prognosis. eIF4E is positioned as a nexus in post-transcriptional gene expression. To carry out these functions, eIF4E needs to bind the m(7)G cap moiety on mRNAs. It plays critical roles in mRNA translation, mRNA export, and most likely in mRNA stability as well. Through these activities, eIF4E coordinately modulates the expression of many transcripts involved in proliferation and survival. eIF4E function is controlled by interactions with protein cofactors in concert with many signaling pathways, including Ras, Mnk, Erk, MAPK, PI3K, mTOR, and Akt. This review describes the eIF4E activity and provides several examples of cellular control mechanisms. Further, we describe some therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical development.
The Effects of Refinery Gasoline Components on Road Octane Quality (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Thirty-five unleaded and nineteen leaded gasoline blends were tested for road octane rating in a fleet of nine unleaded cars or seven leaded cars as applicable. These blends were prepared to cover a wide range of composition while meeting octane targets and volatility specifications. Road octane results were closely related to (R+M)/2 for unleaded gasolines but Motor octane was more important than Research for leaded gasolines. The effects of component composition on deviations from road octane correlations were small.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Unleaded component effects not predicted by laboratory octane number were obtained in a single manual transmission car; those effects are attributed to octane distribution over the gasoline boiling range.&lt;/div&gt;
Mechanisms of Type I interferon cell signaling and STAT-mediated transcriptional responses. (2002)

The interferons are pleiotropic cytokines that are induced in response to virus infection and act in a paracrine fashion to elicit an antiviral state in nearby cells. Binding of interferons to their cell surface receptors induces a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade that leads to the activation of latent cytoplasmic signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors. Activated STATs then translocate into the nucleus and are targeted to conserved promoter-enhancer sites to induce the transcription of interferon-responsive genes that encode for proteins with potent antiviral, growth-inhibitory, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties. Although the signaling and activation phase of the interferon response has been well characterized, several recent findings have further clarified the cellular events that immediately follow STAT activation, including the identification of the amino acid signals that regulate the subcellular distribution of interferon- signaling proteins. To achieve their full transcriptional capacity, members of the STAT family of transcription factors have been shown to require interactions with an assortment of nuclear transcriptional co-activator proteins. A number of the STAT co-activator protein partners have only been identified recently. Some of these interactions suggest cross-talk with other signaling pathways, thereby reaffirming the far-reaching, yet undiscovered, properties of interferons.
Affinity-aware Virtual Cluster Optimization for MapReduce Applications (2012)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service clouds are becoming ubiquitous for provisioning virtual machines on demand. Cloud service providers expect to use least resources to deliver best services. As users frequently request virtual machines to build virtual clusters and run MapReduce-like jobs for big data processing, cloud service providers intend to place virtual machines closely to minimize network latency and subsequently reduce data movement cost. In this paper we focus on the virtual machine placement issue for provisioning virtual clusters with minimum network latency in clouds. We define distance as the latency between virtual machines and use it to measure the affinity of virtual clusters. Such metric of distance indicates the considerations of virtual machine placement and topology of physical nodes in clouds. Then we formulate our problem as the classical shortest distance problem and solve it by modeling to integer programming problem. A greedy virtual machine placement algorithm is designed to get a compact virtual cluster. Furthermore, an improved heuristic algorithm is also presented for achieving a global resource optimization. The simulation results verify our algorithms and the experiment results validate the improvement achieved by our approaches.
Magnetic MIMO (2014)

This paper bridges wireless communication with wireless power transfer. It shows that mobile phones can be charged remotely, while in the user's pocket by applying the concept of MIMO beamforming. However, unlike MIMO beamforming in communication systems which targets the radiated field, we transfer power by beamforming the non-radiated magnetic field and steering it toward the phone. We design MagMIMO, a new system for wireless charging of cell phones and portable devices. MagMIMO consumes as much power as existing solutions, yet it can charge a phone remotely without being removed from the user's pocket. Furthermore, the phone need not face the charging pad, and can charge independently of its orientation. We have built MagMIMO and demonstrated its ability to charge the iPhone and other smart phones, while in the user's pocket.
Syngas Fermentation: A Microbial Conversion Process of Gaseous Substrates to Various Products (2017)

Biomass and other carbonaceous materials can be gasified to produce syngas with high concentrations of CO and H2. Feedstock materials include wood, dedicated energy crops, grain wastes, manufacturing or municipal wastes, natural gas, petroleum and chemical wastes, lignin, coal and tires. Syngas fermentation converts CO and H2 to alcohols and organic acids and uses concepts applicable in fermentation of gas phase substrates. The growth of chemoautotrophic microbes produces a wide range of chemicals from the enzyme platform of native organisms. In this review paper, the Wood–Ljungdahl biochemical pathway used by chemoautotrophs is described including balanced reactions, reaction sites physically located within the cell and cell mechanisms for energy conservation that govern production. Important concepts discussed include gas solubility, mass transfer, thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, electrochemistry and cellular electron carriers and fermentation kinetics. Potential applications of these concepts include acid and alcohol production, hydrogen generation and conversion of methane to liquids or hydrogen.
Isolation of a Cytopathic Virus from Weak Pigs on Farms with a History of Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome (1992)

Severe clinical signs of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) of unknown cause were observed in several Minnesota swine farms between November 1990 and March 1991. Forty-five lung samples of weak pigs were collected from 13 swine farms, and virus isolation was attempted using swine alveolar macrophage (SAM) cultures. A cytopathic virus was isolated from 19 lung samples collected from 6 different farms. Four pregnant sows were infected intranasally with a tissue suspension from which virus was isolated, and 4 6-week-old pigs and 2 contact pigs were infected intranasally with 1 of the isolates. The 4 sows farrowed 12 stillborn and 32 normal pigs. Virus was recovered from 10 of 19 pigs examined. Infected 6-week-old pigs were clinically normal except for slightly elevated rectal temperatures and mild respiratory signs. No or mild interstitial pneumonic lesions were observed in inoculated pigs, but the lesion was obvious in the 2 contact pigs. Seroconversion was observed in sows and pigs as measured by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA). Serologic identification of the isolates was carried out by IFA using reference serum prepared from an experimentally infected sow. A cytoplasmic fluorescence was observed on the SAM monolayers infected with each of the 19 different isolates. Fluorescence was also observed when the monolayers were tested with SIRS virus ATCC VR-2332-infected sow sera. Replication of the isolates was not affected in the medium containing 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine but was inhibited by treatment with ether. The isolates were relatively stable at 56 C and did not agglutinate with various erythrocytes tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wahrscheinlichkeit (2002)

Der Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriff, als Mittel zur quantitativen Erfassung „zufällige“ Vorgänge, ist ein grundlegender Begriff der modernen Naturwissenschaften. Er tritt in den verschiedensten Gebieten auf:
Restoration of varicella-zoster virus cell-mediated immune response after varicella booster vaccination. (1985)

In older age groups, an increasing proportion of healthy adults with a positive varicella history have lost their capacity for a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen despite the presence of virus-specific humoral antibodies. While it remains a matter of speculation whether this decline is connected with a predisposition to herpes zoster, it is known that a second zoster attack is rare in immunocompetent individuals. In order to determine whether the VZV-specific CMI response can be restored through varicella vaccination, the immune status of a group with naturally occurring herpes zoster was compared with that of a group of vaccinated subjects. Twenty zoster patients were tested for VZV antibody and VZV-specific CMI within the first 4 days of the disease. Antibodies were present in normal or moderately high titres (mean: 2,900). Lymphocyte reactivity to VZV antigen was negative or weakly positive in 17 of the 20 patients. After 6 weeks, antibody titres rose significantly (mean: 36,000) and the lymphocyte response was highly positive in 11, weakly positive in 6, and remained negative in 3 patients. Thirty-three healthy adults ranging in age from 55-65 years with a negative VZV-specific CMI, but positive VZV antibodies (mean: 190), were immunized with the Oka-strain varicella vaccine (Varilrix). After 6 weeks, the mean antibody titre had only increased slightly (mean: 400). However, a positive VZV-specific CMI response occurred in 28 out of 33 subjects, while 5 remained negative. Therefore, conversion from a negative to a positive CMI response can be achieved by varicella vaccination of seropositive subjects. This raises the question whether booster vaccination of CMI-negative subjects could prevent zoster.
Obesity Evaluation and Treatment: Expert Committee Recommendations (1998)

These recommendations provide practical guidance to pediatric clinicians who evaluate and treat overweight children.
Binding of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides to basic fibroblast growth factor, recombinant soluble CD4, laminin and fibronectin is P-chirality independent (1995)

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can selectively inhibit the expression of individual genes and thus have potential applications in anticancer and antiviral therapy. A critical prerequisite to their use as therapeutic agents is the understanding of their non-specific interactions with biological structures, e.g. proteins. In this study we examined the interactions of P-chiral phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides with several proteins. The Rp- and Sp- diastereomers, and racemic machine-made mixtures, or M-oligodeoxynucleotides were used independently as competitors of the binding of a probe, phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide bearing a 5' alkylating moiety, to rsCD4, bFGF and laminin. These oligodeoxynucleotides were also used as competitors of the binding of a non-alkylating probe M-phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide, 5'-32P-SdT18 to fibronectin. The average values of and quantitative estimates for the IC50 of competition and the constant of competition (Kc) of Rp-, Sp- and M-stereoisomers of several homo- and heteropolymer oligodeoxynucleotides were determined and compared. Surprisingly, in the proteins we studied, the values of IC50 and Kc for the Rp-, Sp- and M-oligodeoxynucleotides were essentially identical. Thus, the ability of the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides we employed, to bind to the proteins studied in this work, is virtually independent of P-chirality. Our results also imply that the role of the purine and pyrimidine bases in oligodeoxynucleotide-protein interactions, as well as the nature of the contact points (sulfur versus oxygen) between the oligomer and the protein, may be relatively unimportant.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of embryonic cardiac endothelial cells is inhibited by a modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to transforming growth factor beta 3. (1991)

During early cardiac development, the progenitor cells of the heart valves and membranous septa undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Previous studies have shown that this transformation depends on the activity of a transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) molecule produced by the heart. In the present study, we have used modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotides generated to nonconserved regions of TGF beta 1, -2, -3, and -4 to examine the possible roles of these members in this transformation. A phosphoramidate-modified oligonucleotide complementary to TGF beta 3 mRNA was capable of inhibiting normal epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by 80%. Unmodified oligonucleotides to TGF beta 3, modified oligonucleotides to TGF beta 1, -2, and -4, and two modified control oligonucleotides were unable to inhibit the transformation. These data demonstrate that a specific member of the TGF beta family, TGF beta 3, is essential for the epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation.
ADIPOQ polymorphism rs182052 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2015)

Recent studies have indicated that low circulating adiponectin concentrations are associated with a higher risk of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. In this case-control study, we examined the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052G>A, rs266729C>G, and rs3774262G>A) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 1004 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) compared with a group of healthy subjects (n = 1108). Fasting serum adiponectin concentrations were also examined. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The association of serum adiponectin concentration with genetic variants was calculated using a multivariate linear regression model. A significantly higher ccRCC risk was associated with the rs182052 variant A allele (adjusted OR, 1.36 and 95% CI, 1.07-1.74 for AA vs GG, P = 0.013; adjusted OR, 1.27 and 95% CI, 1.04-1.56 for AA vs GG+AG, P = 0.019), and this positive association was more evident in overweight subjects. Fasting serum adiponectin was lower in subjects carrying A alleles of rs182052 in both ccRCC patients (β = -0.399, P = 0.018) and healthy controls (β = -0.371, P = 0.024). These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 is significantly associated with ccRCC risk.
Bicontinuous and Closed-Cell Foam Emulsions as Continuum Structures in an Oil in Water Emulsion System (2003)

Stable emulsions in the ternary toluene/Triton X-100/water system can be prepared for a surfactant to oil weight ratio of 1:5. Emulsions are formed on this continuum between 0.5 and 14 wt % Triton X-100. For all Triton X-100 wt %, an oil in water emulsion is formed. At high Triton X-100 concentrations, a closed-cell fluid foam is stabilized. In addition, a bicontinuous emulsion can be stabilized for several hours for a Triton X-100 composition of 6 wt %. This phase coexists with an oil in water emulsion. The bicontinuous phase is formed only when the input energy is minimized; for higher input energy no stable bicontinuous emulsion could be prepared. Moreover, the bicontinuous phase is extremely sensitive to external stimuli. Four techniques, pulsed gradient spin−echo NMR, rheology, conductivity, and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy, were used to probe the microstructures of the stabilized emulsions.