gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Literature Review on the Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Loyalty (2014)

Customer loyalty is the most precious intangible assets of modern enterprise. High loyalty is not only the key of enterprise competition to win, but also the fundamental guarantee of enterprise’s stability. In the era of service economy, improving the service quality has always been considered as one of the effective ways to improve customer loyalty. To a large extent, service quality can affect customer loyalty to the enterprise. The influence can be direct, and it can also be indirect. This paper aims to sum up a series of function mechanism between service quality and customer loyalty through the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, which will provide some ideas of building model in the future research.
Ureaplasma antigenic variation beyond MBA phase variation: DNA inversions generating chimeric structures and switching in expression of the MBA N-terminal paralogue UU172 (2010)

Phase variation of the major ureaplasma surface membrane protein, the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), with its counterpart, the UU376 protein, was recently discussed as a result of DNA inversion occurring at specific inverted repeats. Two similar inverted repeats to the ones within the mba locus were found in the genome of Ureaplasma parvum serovar 3; one within the MBA N-terminal paralogue UU172 and another in the adjacent intergenic spacer region. In this report, we demonstrate on both genomic and protein level that DNA inversion at these inverted repeats leads to alternating expression between UU172 and the neighbouring conserved hypothetical ORF UU171. Sequence analysis of this phase-variable 'UU172 element' from both U. parvum and U. urealyticum strains revealed that it is highly conserved among both species and that it also includes the orthologue of UU144. A third inverted repeat region in UU144 is proposed to serve as an additional potential inversion site from which chimeric genes can evolve. Our results indicate that site-specific recombination events in the genome of U. parvum serovar 3 are dynamic and frequent, leading to a broad spectrum of antigenic variation by which the organism may evade host immune responses.
shRNA suppresses of IL-13 production in vitro (2013)

Background: Knockout mice studies revealed that IL-13 alone is sufficient to induce the most of allergic asthma (AA) manifestations independently from IL-4 or IL-5. These circumstances make IL-13 a promising therapeutic target using RNA interference phenomenon. Despite the simplicity of application of synthetic small interference RNA molecules the main disadvantage is their short term effect in comparison to short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In this study to silence of IL-13 several shRNAs variants were designed and tested in vitro. Methods: To develop the IL-13 expression system a full length BALB/c mouse il-13 gene was cloned into expression pUCHR-IRES-GFP vector and pUCHR-IRES-mIL13-GFP was derived. Seven variants of shRNAs against murine IL-13 were designed and cloned into pGIPZ expression vector. To test the designed shRNAs, 1*105 293T cells were co-transfected with 0.33 µg of pUCHR-IRES-mIL13-GFP and 1 µg of pGIPZ carrying designed shRNAs. shRNA targeting murine IL-4 was used as a negative control. Expression of IL-13 was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA 24 hours after co-transfection. Results: All variants of shRNAs reduced IL-13 expression in vitro, with different intensity. Three shRNA variants were most potent among all tested samples. The levels of mRNA suppression with these three variants estimated by RT-PCR were 88%, 85% and 78%, respectively. The levels of IL-13 secretion into the medium from transfected 293T cells were evaluated by ELISA and were decreased by 46%, 71% and 68%, respectively. Conclusion: Designed shRNAs which demonstrated high efficacy in IL-13 suppression in vitro may be a promising approach for in vivo studies in understanding the role of IL-13 in AA pathogenesis as well as for developing a novel AA treatment.
Bile Acids Promote the Expression of Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon-Harboring Cells (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a cause of chronic liver disease, with more than 170 million persistently infected individuals worldwide. Although the combination therapy of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin is effective for chronic HCV infection, around half of all patients infected with HCV genotype 1 fail to show sustained virologic responses and remain chronically infected. Previously, we demonstrated that bile acids were essential for growth of porcine enteric calicivirus in cell culture in association with down-regulation of IFN responses. Because hepatocytes are exposed to high concentrations of bile acids in the liver, we hypothesized that bile acids have similar effects on HCV replication. We incubated HCV replicon-harboring cells (genotype 1b, Con1) in the presence of various bile acids and monitored the expression of HCV RNA and protein (NS5B). The addition of an individual bile acid (deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, or glycochenodeoxycholic acid) in the medium increased the levels of HCV RNA and proteins up to fivefold at 48 h of incubation. An antagonist of bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Z-guggulsterone, reduced the bile acid-mediated increase of HCV RNA. When IFN (alpha or gamma) and each bile acid were incubated together, we observed that bile acid significantly reduced the anti-HCV effect of IFN. These results indicated that bile acids are factors in the failure of IFN treatment for certain patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Our finding may also contribute to the establishment of better regimens for treatment of chronic HCV infections by including agents altering the bile acid-mediated FXR pathway.
Reactions of Acetylenic Primary Amines1 (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Acetylenic Primary Amines1G. F. Hennion and Eugene G. TeachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 17, 4297–4300Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01113a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01113a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hepatitis delta virus: protein composition of delta antigen and its hepatitis B virus-derived envelope (1986)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV)-associated particles were purified from the serum of an experimentally infected chimpanzee by size chromatography and by density centrifugation. Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) was detected after mild detergent treatment at a column elution volume corresponding to 36-nm particles and banded at a density of 1.25 g/ml. The serum had an estimated titer of 10(9) to 10(10) HDV-associated particles and had only a 10-fold excess of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) not associated with HDAg. Therefore, HDV appears to be much more efficiently packed and secreted than is its helper virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is usually accompanied by a 1,000-fold excess of HBsAg. The protein compositions of the HDAg-containing particles were analyzed by immunoblotting with HDAg-, HBsAg-, and hepatitis B core antigen-specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies to HBV surface gene products. The HBsAg envelope of HDAg contained approximately 95% P24/GP27s, 5% GP33/36s, and 1% P39/GP42s proteins. This protein composition was more similar to that of the 22-nm particles of HBsAg than to that of complete HBV. The significant amount of GP33/36s suggests that the HBsAg component of the HDV-associated particle carries the albumin receptor. Two proteins of 27 and 29 kilodaltons which specifically bound antibody to HDAg but not HBV-specific antibodies were detected in the interior of the 36-nm particle. Since these proteins were structural components of HDAg and were most likely coded for by HDV, they were designated P27d and P29d.
Securing Web access with DCE (2002)

Internet tools, especially Web browsers and servers, are being widely used for information access. However, these tools have some limitations in terms of the security available for those information accesses and of the robustness and availability of the infrastructure used to provide that security. This paper describes work done to utilize the security services and infrastructure of the Open Software Foundation (OSF) Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) to secure Web accesses. This work was done as part of an Advanced Technology Offering (ATO) by the OSF Research Institute jointly with Gradient Technologies Inc. and other ATO sponsors. A practical implementation has been completed. These combined technologies allow users to securely access both Web documents and application servers from a variety of desktop systems using standard, off-the-shelf Web browsers.
Octanol−, Chloroform−, and Propylene Glycol Dipelargonat−Water Partitioning of Morphine-6-glucuronide and Other Related Opiates (1996)

The pKa and log P values of morphine-6-β-d-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-β-d-glucuronide (M3G) and a range of structurally-related opiates (morphine, normorphine, codeine, norcodeine, 6-acetylmorphine, diacetylmorphine, and buprenorphine) were accurately measured using a potentiometric approach. The measured lipophilicity profiles (pH 2−11, 0.15 M KCl matrix) of M3G and M6G were compared using a proton donor solvent (chloroform) and a proton acceptor solvent (propylene glycol dipelargonate, PGDP), in addition to octanol. The log P values and lipophilicity profiles of M6G and M3G determined in octanol−water have confirmed the unexpectedly high lipophilicity of the two glucuronides. These results show the importance of measuring the effect of pH on lipophilicity, since log D (pH 7.4) values gave a notably different order of lipophilicity for the opiates compared with log P. M6G, but not M3G, showed significant differences in log P between different types of partitioning solvents. The observed order of lipophilicities (log D, pH 7.4) was buprenorphine (3.93), diacetylmorphine (0.85), 6-acetylmorphine (0.61), codeine (0.22), morphine (−0.07), M6G (−0.79), M3G (−1.12), norcodeine (−1.26), and normorphine (−1.56).
Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Vancomycin in Normal and Infected Rabbit Eyes (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics governing the distribution and elimination of intravitreally injected vancomycin in normal and infected rabbit eyes. Two groups each of 36 pigmented animals were used. Group 1 served as control. In Group 2, experimental endophthalmitis was induced in the right vitreous by inoculation with Staphylococcus aureus. Once endophthalmitis developed, a vancomycin solution was injected. Four animals from each group were killed at nine time points post-injection, the vitreous and aqueous were removed, and blood samples were taken for HPLC analysis. Data analysis was performed using the RSTRIP program. The half-lives were 69 hours in normal vitreous and 14.53 hours in infected vitreous. Therapeutic drug levels were present in the vitreous 84 hours post-injection in all eyes; they were detected from 2 to 48 hours in normal aqueous but at lower levels in the infected ones. Kv and Ca/Cv ratios suggested that the primary route of elimination was across the retina and the anterior chamber in normal eyes, and via the retina in infected eyes. Results indicate that pharmacokinetic parameters change in pathological conditions, which may help establish better treatment guidelines for endophthalmitis.
Foundations of Java Programming for the World Wide Web (1996)

Here is a complete, four-part Java tutorial and reference for working programmers. Aaron Walsh provides a solid introduction to the Java language, shows how to port Java and HotJava applications across platforms, reveals how to build a Java-savvy browser, and more. The CD-ROM contains complete source code for Java applets, plus shareware versions of current browswers from Sun and others.
Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Tumor Surgery (2015)

Detecting positive tumor margins and local malignant masses during surgery is critical for long-term patient survival. The use of image-guided surgery for tumor removal, particularly with near-infrared fluorescent imaging, is a potential method to facilitate removing all neoplastic tissue at the surgical site. In this study we demonstrate a series of hyaluronic acid (HLA)-derived nanoparticles that entrap the near-infrared dye indocyanine green, termed NanoICG, for improved delivery of the dye to tumors. Self-assembly of the nanoparticles was driven by conjugation of one of three hydrophobic moieties: aminopropyl-1-pyrenebutanamide (PBA), aminopropyl-5β-cholanamide (5βCA), or octadecylamine (ODA). Nanoparticle self-assembly, dye loading, and optical properties were characterized. NanoICG exhibited quenched fluorescence that could be activated by disassembly in a mixed solvent. NanoICG was found to be nontoxic at physiologically relevant concentrations and exposure was not found to inhibit cell growth. Using an MDA-MB-231 tumor xenograft model in mice, strong fluorescence enhancement in tumors was observed with NanoICG using a fluorescence image-guided surgery system and a whole-animal imaging system. Tumor contrast with NanoICG was significantly higher than with ICG alone.
Reconfigurable Silicon Nanowire Transistors (2011)

Over the past 30 years electronic applications have been dominated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. These combine p- and n-type field effect transistors (FETs) to reduce static power consumption. However, CMOS transistors are limited to static electrical functions, i.e., electrical characteristics that cannot be changed. Here we present the concept and a demonstrator of a universal transistor that can be reversely configured as p-FET or n-FET simply by the application of an electric signal. This concept is enabled by employing an axial nanowire heterostructure (metal/intrinsic-silicon/metal) with independent gating of the Schottky junctions. In contrast to conventional FETs, charge carrier polarity and concentration are determined by selective and sensitive control of charge carrier injections at each Schottky junction, explicitly avoiding the use of dopants as shown by measurements and calculations. Besides the additional functionality, the fabricated nanoscale devices exhibit enhanced electrical characteristics, e.g., record on/off ratio of up to 1 × 10(9) for Schottky transistors. This novel nanotransistor technology makes way for a simple and compact hardware platform that can be flexibly reconfigured during operation to perform different logic computations yielding unprecedented circuit design flexibility.
Chapter 1: Developmental, Cellular, and Molecular Basis of Human Breast Cancer (2000)

Breast cancer, which is the most common neoplastic disease in females and accounts for up to one third of all new cases of women's cancer in North America, continues to rise in incidence. In addition, the mortality caused by this disease has remained almost unchanged for the past 5 decades, becoming only second to lung cancer as a cause of cancer-related death. The failure in eradicating this disease is largely due to the lack of identification of a specific etiologic agent, the precise time of initiation, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer initiation and progression. Despite the numerous uncertainties surrounding the origin of cancer, there is substantial evidence that breast cancer risk relates to endocrinologic and reproductive factors. The development of breast cancer strongly depends on the ovary and on endocrine conditions modulated by ovarian function, such as early menarche, late menopause, and parity. However, the specific hormone or hormone combinations responsible for cancer initiation have not been identified, and their role as protective or risk factors is still incompletely understood. A highly significant female hormone is estrogen, which is involved in the development of a variety of cancers, but it is still unclear whether estrogens are carcinogenic to the human breast. An understanding of whether estrogens cause mutations, and, if so, whether they act through hormonal effects activated by receptor binding, cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic activation, or compromise the DNA repair system, is essential for determining whether this steroid hormone is involved in the initiation or progression of breast cancer. This knowledge has to be based on a multidisciplinary approach encompassing studies of the development of the breast, influence of hormones on the differentiation of individual structures, and their interrelations in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The analysis of the mechanisms involved would require confirmation in the adequate in vitro models and determination of the role played by genomic alterations in both cancer initiation and progression.
The Kinase Inhibitor Sorafenib Induces Cell Death through a Process Involving Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2007)

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor that induces apoptosis in human leukemia and other malignant cells. Recently, we demonstrated that sorafenib diminishes Mcl-1 protein expression by inhibiting translation through a MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling-independent mechanism and that this phenomenon plays a key functional role in sorafenib-mediated lethality. Here, we report that inducible expression of constitutively active MEK1 fails to protect cells from sorafenib-mediated lethality, indicating that sorafenib-induced cell death is unrelated to MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway inactivation. Notably, treatment with sorafenib induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human leukemia cells (U937) manifested by immediate cytosolic-calcium mobilization, GADD153 and GADD34 protein induction, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) phosphorylation, XBP1 splicing, and a general reduction in protein synthesis as assessed by [35S]methionine incorporation. These events were accompanied by pronounced generation of reactive oxygen species through a mechanism dependent upon cytosolic-calcium mobilization and a significant decline in GRP78/Bip protein levels. Interestingly, enforced expression of IRE1alpha markedly reduced sorafenib-mediated apoptosis, whereas knockdown of IRE1alpha or XBP1, disruption of PERK activity, or inhibition of eIF2alpha phosphorylation enhanced sorafenib-mediated lethality. Finally, downregulation of caspase-2 or caspase-4 by small interfering RNA significantly diminished apoptosis induced by sorafenib. Together, these findings demonstrate that ER stress represents a central component of a MEK1/2-ERK1/2-independent cell death program triggered by sorafenib.
GENETICS OF RIBOSOMALLY SYNTHESIZED PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS (1992)

In recent years many peptide antibiotics have been shown to be ribosomally synthesized. Among these are many microcins, produced by diverse strains of gram-negative bacteria. While the structures and modes of action of these peptide antibiotics vary widely, many of them share several important features. Their synthesis is often induced by the cessation of growth. In addition, many of them undergo unusual posttranslational modifications to yield the mature molecule, which is often exported from the cell by a dedicated export apparatus. The genes involved in modification and export of the peptide antibiotics are generally found adjacent to the structural gene and are under the same regulation. The results supporting these conclusions are reviewed and discussed in this chapter.
Immune complex-induced human monocyte procoagulant activity. II. Cellular kinetics and metabolic requirements. (1982)

Abstract Soluble immune complexes bring about an increase in human monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) that is dependent on lymphocyte collaboration. The capacity to recognize this stimulus and in turn induce the generation of PCA in monocytes is here shown to reside entirely in T-enriched lymphocyte populations. The immune complex PCA response can be divided into three phases: 1 ) interaction of the immune complexes with the T cell; 2) interaction of the “triggered” lymphocyte with monocyte; and 3) monocyte generation and expression of procoagulant activity. The first phase does not require protein or RNA synthesis by the lymphocyte as cycloheximide and actinomycin D do not attenuate triggering. This first phase is complete within 30 min and results in lymphocytes that are functionally active for 4 hr in respect to induction of monocytes. The lymphocytes, after decay from the triggered state, can subsequently be restimulated, thus suggesting return to the initial state of differentiation. To mediate the second phase, lymphocytes must be viable and require intact membranes, as trypsinization or gentle glutaraldehyde treatment of the viable lymphocyte prevents lymphocyte induction of monocyte PCA. The second phase does not appear to be mediated by soluble lymphocyte products; it can be mediated only by viable cells and is complete within 15 min. A given cohort of triggered lymphocytes can sequentially induce multiple monocyte sets to produce PCA; thus, the pathway is capable of amplification. Monocyte recognition of lymphocyte collaboration requires an intact monocyte membrane because proteolysis of the viable monocyte precludes induction. The third phase, i.e. monocyte generation of PCA, requires 5 to 6 hr for maximum expression. Both protein and RNA synthesis by the monocyte are required, because cycloheximide and actinomycin D successfully block this monocyte response. We propose this system as a candidate mechanism for in vivo processes in which systemic activation of the coagulation system or local fibrin formation is an early associated feature of immune complex disease. In addition, PCA expression may serve as a marker for a restricted pathway of monocyte differentiation that may be associated with other monocyte functions.