gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations of the Corynebacterium glutamicum NCgl1221 Gene, Encoding a Mechanosensitive Channel Homolog, Induce l -Glutamic Acid Production (2007)

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a biotin auxotroph that secretes L-glutamic acid in response to biotin limitation; this process is employed in industrial L-glutamic acid production. Fatty acid ester surfactants and penicillin also induce L-glutamic acid secretion, even in the presence of biotin. However, the mechanism of L-glutamic acid secretion remains unclear. It was recently reported that disruption of odhA, encoding a subunit of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, resulted in L-glutamic acid secretion without induction. In this study, we analyzed odhA disruptants and found that those which exhibited constitutive L-glutamic acid secretion carried additional mutations in the NCgl1221 gene, which encodes a mechanosensitive channel homolog. These NCgl1221 gene mutations lead to constitutive L-glutamic acid secretion even in the absence of odhA disruption and also render cells resistant to an L-glutamic acid analog, 4-fluoroglutamic acid. Disruption of the NCgl1221 gene essentially abolishes L-glutamic acid secretion, causing an increase in the intracellular L-glutamic acid pool under biotin-limiting conditions, while amplification of the wild-type NCgl1221 gene increased L-glutamate secretion, although only in response to induction. These results suggest that the NCgl1221 gene encodes an L-glutamic acid exporter. We propose that treatments that induce L-glutamic acid secretion alter membrane tension and trigger a structural transformation of the NCgl1221 protein, enabling it to export L-glutamic acid.
COMPLETE OXIDATION OF METHANE OVER PT/CEO2-Al2O3CATALYSTS (2009)

Pt catalysts supported on mixed CeO2-Al2O3 carriers with different CeO2 loadings (2–50 wt.%) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Several techniques such as N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were applied to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The temperature-programmed reduction plots indicated that the reduction of the corresponding oxygen species becomes difficult in the samples with high cerium contents due to the fact that reduction of the oxygen from the lattice requires more energy, i.e., greater temperature. The catalysts were tested on the methane oxidation reaction. The results of the tests of Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts showed a suppression of the activity when the content of CeO2 was increased, although Pt catalyst with 50 wt.% of CeO2 exhibited the highest specific activity.
Low-Power CMOS Rectifier Design for RFID Applications (2007)

We investigate theoretical and practical aspects of the design of far-field RF power extraction systems consisting of antennas, impedance matching networks and rectifiers. Fundamental physical relationships that link the operating bandwidth and range are related to technology dependent quantities like threshold voltage and parasitic capacitances. This allows us to design efficient planar antennas, coupled resonator impedance matching networks and low-power rectifiers in standard CMOS technologies (0.5-mum and 0.18-mum) and accurately predict their performance. Experimental results from a prototype power extraction system that operates around 950 MHz and integrates these components together are presented. Our measured RF power-up threshold (in 0.18-mum, at 1 muW load) was 6 muWplusmn10%, closely matching the predicted value of 5.2 muW.
[Role of oxidative mechanisms in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration]. (2009)

Oxidative stress is a major factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising during the stress due to intense oxygen metabolism and a high oxygen pressure. Additionally, the cells can be exposed to ROS as a consequence of accumulation of iron ions in these cells, sunlight exposure and tobacco smoke. There are several defense systems against RTF in the cell, including antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular weight antioxidants and DNA repair pathways. RPE cells display phagocytic activity towards outer segments of photoreceptors and this activity can be associated with additional oxidative stress since the segments are rich in long chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The oxidation of PUFA leads to the production of additional ROS. Moreover, oxidized PUFA are not correctly cleaved in the lysosomes of RPE and are accumulated in the form of lipofuscin, which is deposited in Bruch's membrane in the form of drusen and in this way it stimulates immune responses, including phagocytosis, associated with the recruiting of macrophages and dendritic cells. In this time, RPE cells are exposed to ROS, produced in oxygen burst associated with phagocytosis. Further studies, both clinical/epidemiological and in vitro, are needed to better understand relationship between AMD and oxidative stress.
TopBP1 contains transcriptional regulatory domains and regulates gene pathways involved in breast cancer (2008)

Background Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between individual nutrients such as vitamin D and vitamin B 12 and mammographic density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk [1], with varied results. There has been limited research on overall dietary patterns and most studies have focused on adult dietary patterns [2]. We examine prospective data to determine whether dietary patterns from childhood to adult life affect mammographic density. Methods The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development is a national representative sample of 2,815 men and 2,547 women followed since their birth in March 1946 [3]. A wealth of medical and social data has been collected in over 25 follow-ups by home visits, medical examinations and postal questionnaires. Dietary intakes at age 4 years were determined by 24-hour recalls and in adulthood (ages 36, 43 years) by 5-day food records. Copies of the mammograms (two views for each breast) taken when the women were closest to age 50 years were obtained from the relevant NHS centres. A total of 1,319 women were followed up since birth in 1946 for whom a mammogram at age 50 years was retrieved, and the percentage mammographic density was measured using the computer-assisted threshold method for all 1,161 women. Breast cancer incidence for the whole cohort is being ascertained through the National Health Service Central Register. Statistical analysis Reduced rank regression analysis, a relatively new approach to dietary pattern analysis, is being used to identify dietary patterns associated with mammographic density [4]. This approach identifies patterns in food intake that are predictive of an intermediate outcome of the disease process, such as mammographic density, and subsequently examines the relationship between the identified dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.
Failure to Recover to Baseline Pulmonary Function after Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation (2010)

For a randomly selected pulmonary exacerbation, 25% of patients' pulmonary function did not recover to baseline after treatment with intravenous antibiotics. We identified factors associated with the failure to recover to baseline, allowing clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and more aggressive treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of the novel antiestrogenic agent toremifene in subjects with altered liver and kidney function (1995)

Liver, but not kidney, function should be taken into account when toremifene is administered.
Induction of casein kinase II during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. (1987)

The peptide Arg-Arg-Arg-Glu-Glu-Glu-Thr-Glu-Glu-Glu was shown to be a specific substrate for casein kinase II (CK II) in extracts of 3T3-L1 cells. Fractionation of a cell extract on DEAE-cellulose revealed only one peptide kinase and it eluted at the same salt concentration required to elute CK II. Consistent with the properties of CK II, the peptide kinase activity was inhibited by very low concentrations of heparin (Ki less than 6 nM) and it used GTP efficiently as a substrate. A Western blot, developed with antiserum to bovine thymus CK II, demonstrated the presence of CK II protein in 3T3-L1 extracts and that peptide kinase activity was directly related to the amount of CK II protein. The peptide was used to assay CK II activity in extracts of 3T3-L1 cells stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes. Differentiation produced a transient increase in CK II activity that reached a maximum (4-fold) on day 4. The increased activity was accounted for by increased CK II protein. Induction of CK II preceded the increase in total protein and was not the result of cell proliferation. CK II induction was coincident with induction of the insulin receptor, but, whereas insulin binding remained elevated, CK II activity declined after day 4. Agents that stimulate differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells did not cause induction of CK II in 3T3-C2 cells that do not differentiate. The transient nature of the induction of CK II suggests that the kinase may contribute to the process of differentiation rather than being a phenotypic change like that of the insulin receptor.
What Makes a Good MR Fluid? (2002)

Experience in manufacturing magnetorheological (MR) fluids for commercial application has shown that some of the greatest barriers to commercial success are not factors or conditions normally considered in the laboratory. The present paper looks at conditions found in MR fluid devices operating in real-world applications where shear rates may exceed 10 5 s 1 and devices are called upon to operate for very long periods of time. The problem of “In-Use-Thickening” wherein a MR fluid subjected to long-term use progressively thickens until it eventually becomes an unworkable paste is presented. The search for a solution to this heretofore unrecognized problem delayed commercial introduction of the Lord truck seat damper system for several years. Today, good fluids are able to operate for long periods with minimum in-use-thickening.
Preparation of 1,2-diketones: oxidation of alkynes by potassium permanganate in aqueous acetone (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 1,2-diketones: oxidation of alkynes by potassium permanganate in aqueous acetoneN. S. Srinivasan and Lee Donald G.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 9, 1574Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01323a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01323a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1826Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stretchable, Skin‐Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review (2016)

There is a growing demand for flexible and soft electronic devices. In particular, stretchable, skin‐mountable, and wearable strain sensors are needed for several potential applications including personalized health‐monitoring, human motion detection, human‐machine interfaces, soft robotics, and so forth. This Feature Article presents recent advancements in the development of flexible and stretchable strain sensors. The article shows that highly stretchable strain sensors are successfully being developed by new mechanisms such as disconnection between overlapped nanomaterials, crack propagation in thin films, and tunneling effect, different from traditional strain sensing mechanisms. Strain sensing performances of recently reported strain sensors are comprehensively studied and discussed, showing that appropriate choice of composite structures as well as suitable interaction between functional nanomaterials and polymers are essential for the high performance strain sensing. Next, simulation results of piezoresistivity of stretchable strain sensors by computational models are reported. Finally, potential applications of flexible strain sensors are described. This survey reveals that flexible, skin‐mountable, and wearable strain sensors have potential in diverse applications while several grand challenges have to be still overcome.
O4‐08‐05: Azeliragon Phase 2B Survival Analysis Supports Beneficial Effects on Delaying Time to Cognitive Deterioration in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

Azeliragon, an oral antagonist at the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) was evaluated in an 18-month Phase 2 study as treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subjects with mild-to-moderate AD (MMSE14-26) treated with 5 mg azeliragon/day had a decreased decline in ADAS-cog11 at 18 months compared to placebo (Δ =3.1, p=0.008) and the mild AD subgroup (MMSE 21-26) had both decreased ADAS-cog decline compared to placebo (Δ = 4.0, p=0.02) and decreased decline in CDR-sb (Δ=1.0, p=0.02). Results from survival methodology, applied to time-to-progression analyses, demonstrate statistical support for the superiority of azeliragon over placebo and suggest that azeliragon treatment slows disease progression. Data from the mild AD (MMSE 21-26) sub-group in a previous 18-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of azeliragon once daily in patients with mild-to-moderate AD (MMSE 14-26) receiving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and/or memantine (Burstein et al. BMC Neurol 2014) were evaluated post-hoc using responder criteria for the ADAS-cog11. Responder analysis was performed using a cutpoint of a 7-point increase in ADAS-cog11 over 18 months to define progression (Vellas et al. J Nutr Health Aging 2007). Sensitivity analyses were performed examining the impact of the selected cutpoint evaluating the range of values between 1 and 20. Azeliragon (5 mg/day) demonstrates monotonically increasing differences in change in ADAS-cog11 after month 9 (Figure 1). Favorable results were seen over placebo relative to the time-to-progression (7-point increase in ADAS-cog) with a hazard ratio of 0.5 (logrank p=0.02)(Figure 2). Results were robust against the cutpoint: all cutpoints between 1 and 20 were associated with a positive result indicating a favorable effect for azeliragon. Azeliragon 5 mg/day was effective in delaying the time to cognitive deterioration (i.e. a 7-point worsening in ADAS-cog) relative to placebo in patients with mild AD. The monotonic increasing difference in ADAS-cog over placebo after month 9, combined with the previously described statistically significant less worsening of ADAS-cog and CDR-sb at 18 months in azeliragon treated patients, support the efficacy of azeliragon as a disease modifying therapy and the study of patients with mild AD in the ongoing Phase 3 STEADFAST trial. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00566397.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Long-Chain Hydroxamic Acids on the Native Oxide of Metals (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Monolayers of Long-Chain Hydroxamic Acids on the Native Oxide of MetalsJohn P. Folkers, Christopher B. Gorman, Paul E. Laibinis, Stefan Buchholz, George M. Whitesides, and Ralph G. NuzzoCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 3, 813–824Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00003a024https://doi.org/10.1021/la00003a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2677Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative Biarylphosphinesfor Use in the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides (2003)

Two families of biarylphosphine ligands were prepared for use in the Pd-catalyzed amination reaction. The first series investigated was derived from N-phenylpyrroles, and the second, was derived from N-phenylpyrazoles. While the pyrrole ligands were not as general in substrate scope, one of the readily prepared pyrazole ligands (R = t-Bu) was found to have a fairly broad substrate scope.
Volociximab in cancer (2011)

Volociximab has been well tolerated as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. It has shown promising activity in different types of cancer. Randomized trials are required to validate those early results.
Recombinant Fusion Protein and DNA Vaccines Against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Guinea Pig and Swine (1999)

In this study, we provide evidence that a recombinant fusion protein containing beta-galactosidase and a tandem repeat peptide of immunogenic dominant epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 protein elicits high levels of neutralizing antibody and protects both guinea pigs and swine against infection. Vaccination with this fusion protein induced a FMDV-specific proliferative T-cell response and a neutralizing antibody response. The immunized guinea pigs and swine were protected against FMD type O virus infection. Two DNA plasmids expressing genes of foot-and-mouth disease were constructed. Both plasmids pBO1 and pCO1 contain a signal sequence of the swine immunoglobulin G (IgG) gene and fusion protein gene of pXZ84. The signal sequence and fusion protein gene were under the control of a metallothionein promoter in the case of the pBO1 plasmid and under the control of a cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter in the case of pCO1 plasmid. When pBO1 and pCO1 were inoculated intramuscularly into guinea pigs, both plasmids elicited a neutralizing antibody response and spleen cell proliferation increased following stimulation with FMDV antigen, but animals were not protected from viral challenge.
Imaging Ultra-short T2 Species in the Brain (2000)

The pulse sequence is shown in Figure 1. A half-pulse variable rate excitation is followed by short PR readouts and a spoiler in the slice select direction. The main lobe of the excitation occupies under 500 ps and the total readout occupies 1024 ps. There is a minimum deadtime of 228 ps between excitation and readout due to hardware timing restrictions and RF recovery. Therefore the minimum echo time is also 228 ps. Suppression of long Tz species is essential for getting good dynamic range from short T2 species. Long-T2 suppression is implemented with a 4 to 8 ms nonselective hard 90° excitation followed by a dephaser [5]. This is done before each imaging excitation. Note that this suppression pulse has a limited bandwidth and does not suppress long-T2 lipid signal.
Cytokine Production in Patients on Dialysis (1995)

The close similarities between the biological effects of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and the clinical symptoms observed in patients on HD have promoted the concept that cytokine production induced during dialysis could have a role in dialysis-related symptoms. However, over the last decade the discovery of cytokine-specific inhibitory proteins such as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR), has raised new questions concerning the role of cytokines in dialysis-related morbidity. In HD patients, the molar ratios of plasma IL-1Ra:IL-1 beta range from 3:1 to 4:1 and the molar ratios of plasma sTNFR:TNF range from 13:1 to 38:1. Likewise, in patients on chronic HD with cuprophan membranes, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) content of IL-1Ra in freshly obtained PBMC as well as the production of IL-1Ra by endotoxin-stimulated PBMC from these HD patients was several-fold higher than that in undialyzed patients with CRF, CAPD patients or healthy controls. In fact, endotoxin-stimulated PBMC from all three groups of patients with renal failure produced significantly more IL-1Ra than IL-1 beta. These findings raise the issue whether the production of cytokine-specific inhibitors observed in patients on HD are of functional significance or serve as markers of inflammation. In vivo studies have shown that a 1,000-fold excess of IL-1Ra is required to block the hemodynamic effects of IL-1. Therefore, it is unlikely that the levels of IL-1Ra and sTNFR observed in patients on HD are sufficient to block the systemic effects of IL-1 and TNF produced during dialysis. Therefore, elevated plasma levels of inhibitory proteins such as IL-1Ra and sTNRF are more likely to be 'footprints' of IL-1 and TNF, respectively, produced during dialysis.
A new Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study (1993)

The SAPS II, based on a large international sample of patients, provides an estimate of the risk of death without having to specify a primary diagnosis. This is a starting point for future evaluation of the efficiency of intensive care units.