gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced JunD in intestinal epithelial cells represses CDK4 transcription through its proximal promoter region following polyamine depletion (2007)

Maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity requires cellular polyamines that regulate expression of various genes involved in cell proliferation, growth arrest and apoptosis. In prior studies, depletion of cellular polyamines has been shown to stabilize JunD, a member of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family of transcription factors, leading to inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, but the exact downstream targets of induced JunD remain elusive. CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) is essential for the G1- to S-phase transition during the cell cycle and its expression is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. In the present study, we show that induced JunD in IECs (intestinal epithelial cells) is a transcriptional repressor of the CDK4 gene following polyamine depletion. Increased JunD in polyamine-deficient cells was associated with a significant inhibition of CDK4 transcription, as indicated by repression of CDK4-promoter activity and decreased levels of CDK4 mRNA and protein, all of which were prevented by using specific antisense JunD oligomers. Ectopic expression of the wild-type junD also repressed CDK4-promoter activity and decreased levels of CDK4 mRNA and protein without any effect on CDK2 expression. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that JunD bound to the proximal region of the CDK4-promoter in vitro as well as in vivo, while experiments using different CDK4-promoter mutants showed that transcriptional repression of CDK4 by JunD was mediated through an AP-1 binding site within this proximal sequence of the CDK4-promoter. These results indicate that induced JunD in IECs represses CDK4 transcription through its proximal promoter region following polyamine depletion.
Prostate, benign hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma - a study of cell biology of prostate and chemotherapy for prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer / (1994)

BPH: Benign prostatic hypertrophy.C: Control.cDNA: Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid.CPM: Counts per minute.2D-PAGE: Two-dimensional polyacryalamide gel electrophoresis.dATP: Deoxyadenosine triphosphate.dCTP: Deoxycytidine triphosphate.ddH20 : Double distilled water.DEPC: Diethyl pyrocarbonate
Canonical Wnt signaling induces skin fibrosis and subcutaneous lipoatrophy: A novel mouse model for scleroderma? (2011)

SSc is associated with increased Wnt-10b expression in the skin. Ectopic Wnt-10b causes loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue and TGFβ-independent dermal fibrosis in transgenic mice. These findings suggest that Wnt-10b switches differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward myofibroblasts by inducing a fibrogenic transcriptional program while suppressing adipogenesis. Wnt-10b-transgenic mice represent a novel animal model for investigating Wnt signaling in the setting of fibrosis.
Balloon Catheter with a Calibrated Leak (1976)

Problems with the use of the diagnostic angiography catheter as a therapeutic tool relate to difficulty in placing the catheter precisely in the desired area and controlling the infusion of the occluding agent. The author describes a soft microcatheter which has been developed to overcome these problems. The catheter ends in a balloon tip and thus can be flow-directed. To overcome the traditional difficulties of flow-guided catheters and the need for a double lumen, a calibrated leak in the balloon allows distal fluid delivery while the balloon remains inflated.
A coarse-to-fine approach for fast deformable object detection (2011)

We present a method that can dramatically accelerate object detection with part based models. The method is based on the observation that the cost of detection is likely to be dominated by the cost of matching each part to the image, and not by the cost of computing the optimal configuration of the parts as commonly assumed. Therefore accelerating detection requires minimizing the number of part-to-image comparisons. To this end we propose a multiple-resolutions hierarchical part based model and a corresponding coarse-to-fine inference procedure that recursively eliminates from the search space unpromising part placements. The method yields a ten-fold speedup over the standard dynamic programming approach and is complementary to the cascade-of-parts approach of. Compared to the latter, our method does not have parameters to be determined empirically, which simplifies its use during the training of the model. Most importantly, the two techniques can be combined to obtain a very significant speedup, of two orders of magnitude in some cases. We evaluate our method extensively on the PASCAL VOC and INRIA datasets, demonstrating a very high increase in the detection speed with little degradation of the accuracy.
Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and its effect on warfarin maintenance dose requirement in patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy (1995)

Furuya, Hirokazu; Fernandez-Salguero, Pedro; Gregory, Wendy; Taber, Heather; Steward, Annette; Gonzalez, Frank J.; Idle, Jeffrey R. Author Information
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes apoptosis and suppresses granulation tissue formation in acute incisional wounds (2004)

Cytokines are thought to play an important role in cellular loss and apoptosis during the repair of granulation tissue. In order to investigate the role of apoptosis following the administration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to a wound, the present study examined the relationship between the degree of granulation tissue formation and the level of apoptosis in rat skin incisional wounds, following treatment with an intradermal injection of bFGF (0.1 microg and 1 microg per cm of wound). Histological assessment of the width of the wound tissue showed that the degree of granulation tissue in the 1 microg-bFGF-treated group had increased by day 7, but then subsequently diminished by days 14 and 28. The TUNEL index increased rapidly from day 1, peaking on day 7, with the index being higher in the 1 microg-bFGF-treated group on days 4, 7, and 14, when compared with a control group. In parallel with a marked increase in the TUNEL index over the first 14 days, the number of cells positive for vimentin and CD3 in the 1 microg-bFGF-treated wounds had decreased by day 14. The number of PCNA-positive cells, an indicator of cell proliferation, peaked on day 4 in the bFGF-treated wounds and then declined rapidly. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the suppression of granulation tissue formation in bFGF-treated wounds is mainly due to an early and persistent increase in apoptosis in the granulation tissue cells. The expression of both transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and bFGF was also elevated in the bFGF-treated wounds on days 4 and 7, suggesting that fibroblast apoptosis was induced by bFGF treatment. Unexpectedly, on day 28, the wound breaking strength was not reduced in the bFGF-treated wounds. These results indicate that apoptosis regulation following bFGF administration to an incisional wound may lead effectively to granulation tissue formation and promote a scar-less repair process.
In vivo blood flow imaging by a swept laser source based Fourier domain optical Doppler tomography (2005)

A swept source based Fourier domain optical Doppler tomography (FDODT) system was developed. The technique is based on a phase-resolved method where phase information was retrieved from the reconstructed complex fringe signals. The aliasing effects and artifacts caused by lateral scanning and sample movement were removed with a signal processing technique. The standard deviation of the phase shift of the system was reduced from 49 to 1.8 degrees with the signal processing method employed. Structural, Doppler and Doppler variance images of fluid flow through glass channels were quantified, and blood flow through vessels of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was demonstrated in vivo.
Fever in General Practice I. Frequency and Diagnoses (1992)

Although fever is a common symptom, few studies have broadly addressed this as a clinical problem in general practice. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of fever among general practice patients in two rural municipalities in Norway, the diagnoses (according to ICHPPC-2-def.) of conditions causing fever, and the receptionist's role in the management of these problems. All the general practitioners and their receptionists within the study area participated. During 4 weeks throughout 1988 all individuals attending their general practitioner had their body temperature measured with an electronic thermometer (orally > or = 7 years, rectally < 7 years). Fever was defined as an oral body temperature > or = 37.5 degrees C (rectally > or = 38.0 degrees C in those < 7 years). All telephone applications, including telephone encounters for fever, were recorded. Fever was detected in 80 (5%) of a total of 1610 direct encounters: 36% of those below 7 years of age (n = 70) were febrile. One-third of the total encounters for fever were telephone encounters (n = 36), of which 30% were managed by the receptionists. A wide range of diagnoses were made, most of which were associated with infectious diseases. The distribution of the diagnoses of primary care patients with fever is different from those admitted to hospital for fever of unknown origin. General practitioners and their receptionists should consider fever a diagnostic challenge, especially when the patient is handled over the telephone.
Impact of a Novel Bioabsorbable Implant on Radiation Treatment Planning for Breast Cancer (2016)

This study demonstrated the use of a novel 3-dimensional marker as a safe and effective method for delineating the tumor bed with a significant utility for RT planning. With routine use of the device, an increased use of hypofractionation with a resultant 25 % cost savings was noted.
Increased delivery of a new cisplatin analogue (254-S) in a rat brain tumor by an intracarotid infusion of bradykinin (1996)

The intracarotid infusion of bradykinin has been shown to selectively increase capillary permeability in a brain tumor without affecting either normal brain capillary permeability or the systemic blood pressure. We examined whether the intracarotid infusion of bradykinin could selectively increase the delivery of a new watersoluble antitumor agent, cis-diammine glycolato-platinum (254-S, 303.2 mol. wt.), to transplanted RG2 glioma in rats. The platinum contents in the brain, tumor tissues and plasma were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The transfer ratio of 254-S from plasma to the tissues was calculated and expressed as the volume of plasma containing platinum per g tissue (Dp, microliter g-1). Intracarotid bradykinin infusion at a rate of 20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 increased the delivery of 254-S in the tumor tissue by 1.3-fold when compared with intracarotid infusion of 0.9% saline (48.78 +/- 18.11 vs. 37.12 +/- 12.53; p < 0.05). In normal brain tissue including the ipsilateral cortex, the contralateral basal ganglia and the contralateral cortex, bradykinin did not significantly increase the delivery of 254-S in comparison with 0.9% saline (12.28 +/- 9.53 vs. 10.70 +/- 5.05, 4.96 +/- 3.54 vs 4.96 +/- 4.80, 7.64 +/- 4.10 vs. 13.07 +/- 11.38, respectively). These results indicate that the intracarotid infusion of bradykinin selectively increases the delivery of 254-S to the brain tumor without affecting the normal brain. This method may, therefore, enhance the antitumor effect of 254-S for the treatment of brain tumors and also reduce neurotoxicity in the normal brain.
Drug/Dye‐Loaded, Multifunctional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Combined Targeted Cancer Therapy and Dual Optical/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2009)

A biocompatible, multimodal, and theranostic functional iron oxide nanoparticle is synthesized using a novel water-based method and exerts excellent properties for targeted cancer therapy, and optical and magnetic resonance imaging. For the first time, a facile, modified solvent diffusion method is used for the co-encapsulation of both an anticancer drug and near-infrared dyes. The resulting folate-derivatized theranostics nanoparticles could allow for targeted optical/magnetic resonance imaging and targeted killing of folate-expressing cancer cells.
A Mutant of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Deficient in Binding α-Helix Partners Displays Reduced Oncogenic Potential In Vivo (2002)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA tumor viruses that are the causative agent of warts and are associated with many anogenital cancers. The viral gene encoding the E6 protein has been found to be involved in HPV oncogenesis. E6 is known to inactivate the cellular tumor suppressor, p53. In addition, E6 has been shown to bind to a variety of other cellular proteins. The focus of this study was to determine what role the interactions of E6 with a subset of cellular proteins which contain a common alpha-helical domain in their E6 binding region (alpha-helix partners) play in E6-mediated phenotypes. We generated transgenic mice expressing a mutant of E6, E6(I128T), which is defective for binding at least a subset of the alpha-helix partners, including E6AP, the ubiquitin ligase that mediates E6-dependent degradation of the p53 protein, to determine whether binding of alpha-helix partners plays a role in E6-mediated activities in vivo. Unlike mice expressing the wild-type E6 (strain K14E6(WT)), the mice expressing E6(I128T) lacked the ability to alter the radiation-induced block to DNA synthesis and promote the formation of benign skin tumors in conjunction with chemical carcinogens. Additionally, they displayed reduced levels of skin hyperplasia, spontaneous skin tumors, and tumor progression activity compared to those of the K14E6(WT) mice. From these results, we conclude that a domain in E6 that mediates alpha-helix partner binding is critical for E6-induced phenotypes in transgenic mice.
Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Unsupervised learning with generative adversarial networks (GANs) has proven hugely successful. Regular GANs hypothesize the discriminator as a classifier with the sigmoid cross entropy loss function. However, we found that this loss function may lead to the vanishing gradients problem during the learning process. To overcome such a problem, we propose in this paper the Least Squares Generative Adversarial Networks (LSGANs) which adopt the least squares loss function for the discriminator. We show that minimizing the objective function of LSGAN yields minimizing the Pearson X2 divergence. There are two benefits of LSGANs over regular GANs. First, LSGANs are able to generate higher quality images than regular GANs. Second, LSGANs perform more stable during the learning process. We evaluate LSGANs on LSUN and CIFAR-10 datasets and the experimental results show that the images generated by LSGANs are of better quality than the ones generated by regular GANs. We also conduct two comparison experiments between LSGANs and regular GANs to illustrate the stability of LSGANs.
Agonist-induced Ca2+ influx in human neutrophils is secondary to the emptying of intracellular calcium stores (1991)

Emptying of the intracellular calcium stores of human neutrophils, by prolonged incubation in Ca(2+)-free medium, by treatment with low concentrations of the Ca2+ inophore ionomycin, or by activation with cell agonists, increased the plasma-membrane permeability to Ca2+ and Mn2+. The chemotactic peptide formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and the natural agonists platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4 released different amounts of calcium from the stores and induced Ca2+ (Mn2+) uptake, the rate of which correlated inversely with the amount of calcium left in the stores. The increased Mn2+ uptake induced by these agonists was persistent in cells incubated in Ca(2+)-free medium, but returned to basal levels in cells incubated in Ca(2+)-containing medium, with the same time course as the refilling of the calcium stores. The calcium-stores-regulated Mn2+ influx, including that induced by agonists, was prevented by cytochrome P-450 inhibitors. We propose that agonist-induced Ca2+ (Mn2+) influx in human neutrophils is secondary to the emptying of the intracellular stores which, in turn, activates plasma-membrane Ca2+ channels by a mechanism involving microsomal cytochrome P-450, similar to that described previously in thymocytes [Alvarez, Montero & Garcia-Sancho (1991) Biochem. J. 274, 193-197].
Silylation of focused ion beam exposed resists (1991)

Silylation processes for lithography involve the selective incorporation of silicon into a polymeric resist, which can then be patterned using an oxygen reactive ion etching plasma. These processes, like other multilayer approaches, have been developed primarily for optical lithography to minimize substrate reflectivity and allow higher resolution. We have extended this technique to exposure with focused beams of Be, Si, Ga, and Au ions with energies between 49 and 240 keV. Conventional focused ion beam exposure of resists relies upon solvent development and requires ion penetration through the entire resist thickness. With a silylation process, however, higher mass or lower energy ions may be used, and the resist thickness is decoupled from the exposure requirements. Resolution of features smaller than 100 nm has been demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Styrylquinazoline Derivatives as HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determinants of a protective effect of glucose and insulin on the ischemic myocardium. Effects on contractile function, diastolic compliance, metabolism, and ultrastructure during ischemia and reperfusion. (1983)

The efficacy of hyperglycemia and insulin therapy for reducing ischemic myocardial injury is controversial and unproven. Accordingly, factors that might influence the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin were studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts at two degrees of global ischemia, either "severe" or "moderate." During the ischemic period, different groups (n = 15-28/group) received either 100 mg/100 ml glucose-no insulin (control group), 500 mg/100 ml glucose + 100 mU/ml insulin (G + I), or 100 mg/100 ml glucose + 400 mg/100 ml mannitol (osmotic control). During moderate ischemia, effective washout of myocardial lactate was maintained, and hyperglycemia and insulin doubled the glycolytic flux, completely prevented contracture during ischemia, decreased contracture during reperfusion, increased recovery of postischemic contractile function, decreased ultrastructural damage, and increased high energy phosphate levels. Hyperglycemia and insulin increased glycolytic flux only after 30 minutes of ischemia had elapsed, suggesting that endogenous glycogen provided adequate glycolytic substrate prior to this time. The mannitol-glucose substrate had no beneficial effects, indicating that the hyperglycemia and insulin substrate had a metabolic rather than an osmotic mechanism of action. In contrast, during severe ischemia, tissue lactate washout was ineffective; the hyperglycemia and insulin substrate increased glycolytic flux by only 15% and produced no persistent beneficial effects. These results suggest that hyperglycemia and insulin therapy is beneficial to the ischemic myocardium when two conditions are met. First, the degree of myocardial perfusion, although in the ischemic range, must be adequate to prevent the accumulation of high tissue levels of lactate which inhibit glycolysis and prevent any glycolytic stimulation by hyperglycemia and insulin. Second, the ischemic myocardium must be "glucose dependent" for glycolytic substrate; in our studies this occurred after 30-45 minutes of sustained ischemia, probably because myocardial glycogen stores became depleted.
The Effect of Type-Specific Polysaccharide Capsule on the Clearance of Group B Streptococci from the Lungs of Infant and Adult Rats (1992)

To study the importance of the type-specific polysaccharide capsule of group B streptococci (GBS) in the pathogenesis of lung infections, bacterial clearance rates and lung cellular responses to encapsulated and unencapsulated variants of types III and Ia GBS strains were investigated in rats. Bacteria were instilled by direct intratracheal inoculation to simulate aspiration during parturition. Neonates failed to eliminate encapsulated or unencapsulated GBS strains within 6 h of inoculation, whereas adults cleared greater than 90% of each strain within 6 h. Neutrophils accumulated rapidly in the lungs of neonates and adults in response to all GBS strains. Immediately after inoculation, neonatal alveolar macrophages contained fewer encapsulated GBS than did adult alveolar macrophages and fewer encapsulated than unencapsulated GBS, suggesting that the capsule impairs the initial phagocytosis of GBS in the lungs of neonates. Animal age was a more important determinant of bacterial elimination from the lung than the type-specific GBS capsule. However, both age and the bacterial capsule were important determinants of systemic dissemination.
Functional analysis of E2-mediated repression of the HPV18 P105 promoter. (1991)

Transcription of the transforming genes E6 and E7 of the human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) can be repressed by the product of the E2 open reading frame. Mutations were introduced in the cis-responsive elements upstream from the E6 and E7 transcriptional promoter, P105. The effect of these mutations in the absence or presence of E2 was examined in the human cervical carcinoma cell line C33, transfected with expression plasmids. In the presence of HPV18 E2, repression was relieved only when both of the two E2 binding motifs, immediately proximal to the P105 TATA box, were mutated. Mutation of a third E2 binding site, 110 nucleotides upstream of the TATA box, led to a slight but consistent activation in the presence of the full-length E2. Therefore, three E2 binding sites appear to be involved in the negative regulation of the P105 promoter by HPV18 E2. In the presence of the BPV1 E2 protein, only the E2 binding site most proximal to the promoter TATA box was involved in the P105 repression. The comparative analysis of the in vitro and in vivo properties of the human and bovine E2 proteins on the HPV18 P105 promoter provides new insights into the mechanism of transcriptional repression, which appears to involve steric hindrance at the site of transcriptional initiation.
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate: Synthesis and Potential Intermediate in Biomineralization (2004)

Amorphous calcium carbonate is produced as spherical particles (see Figure) via in‐situ generation of CO 2 by hydrolysis of dialkyl carbonates in aqueous solution of CaCl 2 at room temperature. This method of synthesis (precipitation) allows detailed studies of the particle formation process. Temperature‐dependent results are rationalized in terms of a phase diagram that assumes a liquid–liquid immiscibility gap with a lower critical separation temperature.