gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection by Anoxia of the Scrapie Agent and some DNA and RNA Viruses Irradiated as Dry Preparations (1968)

Summary Freeze-dried preparations of the scrapie agent and of 5 strains of virus were used to determine the extent of protection afforded against ionizing radiation by anoxia. The five viruses tested were bacteriophages T1 and T2 (DNA) and µ2 (RNA); and the animal viruses herpes simplex (DNA) and yellow fever (RNA). Oxygen enhancement ratios (measured in terms of doses required to give the same effect in the absence and presence of oxygen) varied from about 1.4 for the scrapie agent to 2.5 for yellow fever virus. With the viruses there was no obvious correlation of oxygen enhancement ratio with type or size of nucleic acid core. ‘Target sizes’ of the viruses were calculated from the doses required to give an average of one lethal event per particle. These agreed well with independent estimates of size of nucleic acid core; except that for bacteriophages T1 and T3 the calculated molecular weight was 0.3 of that determined by Bresler et al. (1967). Results with the scrapie agent confirmed the previous estimate (Alper, Haig &amp; Clarke, 1966) of a molecular weight of about 1.5 × 105 daltons.
Ultrahigh-resolution OCT using white-light interference microscopy (2003)

We report on ultrahigh-resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) using white-light interference microscopy. The experimental setup is based on a Linnik interferometer illuminated by a tungsten halogen lamp. Tomographic images in the <i>en face</i> orientation are calculated by combination of images recorded by a silicon CCD camera. Axial resolution of 0.8 &#956;m is achieved due to the short coherence length of the source and the compensation of dispersion mismatch in the interferometer arms. Transverse resolution of 1.6 &#956;m is obtained by using relatively high numerical aperture microscope objectives. A nearly shot-noise limited detection sensitivity of 90 dB is achieved with 4s acquisition time. Images of the <i>Xenopus Laevis</i> tadpole are presented.
Digital modulation and coding for satellite optical feeder links with pre‐distortion adaptive optics (2015)

Summary In this paper, a packet‐level forward error correction coding technique and pre‐distortion adaptive optics technology are applied to a digital transmission scheme for optical feeder links in a geostationary Earth orbit satellite communication system. The architectures of the gateway and the satellite are defined, including the building blocks of the interface between the radio frequency front‐end and the optical front‐end, as well as the digital signal processor. The system is designed to cater for Terabit/s high‐throughput satellite applications. The performance of the digital transmission scheme is evaluated in the forward and return links. The turbulent atmospheric optical channel is modeled for different optical ground station altitudes. It is shown that fade mitigation techniques such as packet‐level forward error correction coding and pre‐distortion adaptive optics in the forward link, as well as large‐aperture optical ground station telescope in the return link, are essential to close the link budget of a Terabit/s satellite communication system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Post-packaging tuning of microresonators by pulsed laser deposition (2004)

This paper presents a post-packaging tuning process for microresonators by PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition). The microresonators are first hermetically packaged using the RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) aluminum-to-silicon nitride bonding process. The resonator mass is then altered by adding materials on the surface of the structure using PLD to achieve the desired resonant frequency. The demonstrated tuning resolution is 0.5 % per laser shot with the laser beam spot size of 25/spl times/25 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, energy of 587 mJ/cm/sup 2/, pulse duration of 6 nano second, and 0.35 /spl mu/m-thick gold film as the deposition material for comb-drive microresonators resonating at 12.45 KHz.
Weed Science: Principles (1983)

Weed science :principles , Weed science :principles , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
p33, an endogenous target protein for arginine‐specific ADP‐ribosyltransferase in chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes, is highly homologous to mim‐1 protein (myb‐induced myeloid protein‐1) (1992)

We have determined the partial amino acid sequence of p33, an endogenous substrate protein for arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase in chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes (heterophils), and found that the sequence was completely identical with the regions of amino acid sequences deduced from mim-1 (named for myb-induced myeloid protein-1, which is expressed in chicken promyelocytes) cDNA [(1989) Cell, 59, 1115-1125], except for one amino acid difference (Tyr297-->Ile). These results together with data on cellular and subcellular distributions of p33 in heterophils suggest that mim-1 may encode the precursor protein of p33.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires Through a Soft, Self-Seeding, Polyol Process (2002)

A self-seeding process is used to generate bicrystalline silver nanowires by reducing AgNO3 with ethylene glycol at ∼160 °C. The key to the success of this solution-phase approach is the use of a polymeric “coordination reagent” capable of controlling the growth rates of different faces of silver. Uniform nanowires (see Figure) could be routinely synthesized with diameters of ∼60 nm and lengths up to ∼50 μm.
Palladium-catalyzed substitutions of triflates derived from tyrosine-containing peptides and simpler hydroxyarenes forming 4-(diethoxyphosphinyl)phenylalanines and diethyl arylphosphonates (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed substitutions of triflates derived from tyrosine-containing peptides and simpler hydroxyarenes forming 4-(diethoxyphosphinyl)phenylalanines and diethyl arylphosphonatesKonstantinos S. Petrakis and Tattanahalli L. NagabhushanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 9, 2831–2833Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00243a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00243a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views973Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Properties of silicon derivatives of cobalt, manganese and iron carbonyls (1969)

Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs can induce rejection of a neuroblastoma in mice. (1999)

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs) activate various immune cell subsets and induce production of numerous cytokines. To evaluate whether CpG-ODNs can induce rejection of established malignant tumor, A/J mice were challenged by the s.c. implantation of a syngenic neuroblastoma cell line (neuro2a) and subsequently injected with CpG-ODNs in the vicinity of the tumor. Daily injections of 10 microg CpG-ODNs for 15 days seemed to be the most potent regimen, leading to the eradication of 5-mm-diameter tumors in one-half of the animals and a significant tumor growth inhibition when compared with controls (88% reduction volume; P<0.001). CpG-ODN-cured animals were further protected against a new tumor challenge. The antitumoral effect of CpG-ODNs was dependent on CpG motifs, and natural killer cells seemed to play a critical role in tumor rejection. We conclude that immunostimulatory CpG-ODNs may induce the rejection of established tumors and warrant further evaluation as a potential immunotherapeutic agent.
Conformation of Poly-L-methionine in Solution (1970)

Abstract A study of poly-L-methionine by viscosity, light-scattering, and NMR spectroscopy shows 1) that the helical rodhke form of the polypeptide has approximately the same dimensions as helical poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate, and 2) that the random coil form in trifluoroacetic acid is charged and fits the same Mark-Houwink equation as does poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate in dichloroacetic acid. The relationships between NMR Line widths and degree of polymerization is given for three different polypeptides.
CEA TCB: A novel head-to-tail 2:1 T cell bispecific antibody for treatment of CEA-positive solid tumors (2016)

Carcinoembryonic antigen T cell bispecific antibody (CEA TCB) is a bispecific antibody used to recognize CEA and CD3e via a novel molecular format (2:1) that induces T cell-mediated killing of CEA over-expressing tumors while sparing primary cells with low CEA expression. CEA TCB treatment inhibits tumor growth and generates a highly inflamed tumor microenvironment.
Nitrogen Mustard Analogs of Antimalarial Drugs1 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrogen Mustard Analogs of Antimalarial Drugs1Richard M. Peck, Robert K. Preston, and Hugh J. CreechCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 3984–3989Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of recombinant Clostridium difficile toxin A and B in Bacillus megaterium (2008)

We have generated the full length and active recombinant TcdA and TcdB in Bacillus megaterium.
IVHS Applications of Smart Cards (1991)

The smart card, which is commonly understood to be an integrated circuit-based, credit card-sized portable data carrier, is fast becoming a preferred medium for present and future Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) applications. Its compact size and computer functionality make it appealing for driver information, fleet management, and traffic management applications. Smart Cards are currently used in an IVHS application, namely, in an Electronic Toll & Traffic Management (ETTM) system with Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI). This system utilizes the smart card for secure automated payment of tolls via a two-way RF link between a toll plaza and an in-vehicle unit which contains the card. As a result of surging customer interest, additional ETTM vendors are considering the use of the smart cards for their systems. Other applications of a smart card-based AVI system include vehicle speed calculation for measuring traffic flow, fleet management (i.e., rental car entry/exit), and various traveler information services. A smart card may also be used for logging of vehicle maintenance records, thus providing a higher level of customer service for vehicle owners. Another application is advanced vehicle diagnostics, where critical data could be stored on the card at the touch of a fingertip in order to more easily diagnose intermittent vehicle problems. Further, a smart card could be used for data storage in tracking and measuring driver and vehicle behavior for fleet management applications. Undoubtedly, new IVHS applications of smart cards will continue to evolve into the 21st century.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter by Thyrotropin (2001)

The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active I(-) transport in the thyroid gland (Dai, G., Levy, O., and Carrasco, N. (1996) Nature 379, 458-460), the first step in thyroid hormone biogenesis. Whereas relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which thyrotropin (TSH), the main hormonal regulator of thyroid function, regulates NIS activity, post-transcriptional events have been suggested to play a role (Kaminsky, S. M., Levy, O., Salvador, C., Dai, G., and Carrasco, N. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 3789-3793). Here we show that TSH induces de novo NIS biosynthesis and modulates the long NIS half-life ( approximately 5 days). In addition, we demonstrate that TSH is required for NIS targeting to or retention in the plasma membrane. We further show that NIS is a phosphoprotein and that TSH modulates its phosphorylation pattern. These results provide strong evidence of the major role played by post-transcriptional events in the regulation of NIS by TSH. Beyond their inherent interest, it is also of medical significance that these TSH-dependent regulatory mechanisms may be altered in the large proportion of thyroid cancers in which NIS is predominantly expressed in intracellular compartments, instead of being properly targeted to the plasma membrane.
Ex vivo gene delivery using an adenovirus vector in treatment for cartilage defects. (2000)

In this ex vivo method, delivered gene can be expressed efficiently for a long time; this method would be useful in allografts for cartilage defects.
CEDA: Control-Flow Error Detection Using Assertions (2011)

This paper presents an efficient software technique, control-flow error detection through assertions (CEDA), for online detection of control-flow errors. Extra instructions are automatically embedded into the program at compile time to continuously update runtime signatures and to compare them against preassigned values. The novel method of computing runtime signatures results in a huge reduction in the performance overhead, as well as the ability to deal with complex programs and the capability to detect subtle control-flow errors. The widely used C compiler, GCC, has been modified to implement CEDA, and the SPEC benchmark programs were used as the target to compare with earlier techniques. Fault injection experiments were used to demonstrate the effect of control-flow errors on software and to evaluate the fault detection capabilities of CEDA. Based on a new comparison metric, method efficiency, which takes into account both error coverage and performance overhead, CEDA is found to be much better than previously proposed methods.
Highly integrated near-to-eye display and gaze tracker (2010)

We have developed a Near-to-Eye Display (NED) technology based on diffractive optics. Thin and highly transparent plastic light guides enable a light-weight and ergonomic see-through NED design. We have previously reported of a compact NED with an integrated gaze tracker. Eye gaze tracker can detect the user's focus point in the displayed image. We have now made advances to further increase the level of integration as well as to enable the optical see-through. Originally, three separate light guides were used: two for the display (red, green/blue) and one for infrared light of the gaze tracker. To reduce weight and the system complexity, a shared light guide is now used for transmitting red (~630 nm, display) and infrared (~850 nm, gaze tracker) wavelengths. In addition, shared output gratings are used for outcoupling the light. Light guide plates have been characterized by measuring their modulation transfer functions. Measurements show that the deterioration of the NED's resolution, caused by the light guides, is reduced with improved manufacturing techniques. Also, it has been verified that the additional gratings for infrared (light in-coupling and expansion areas) do not have a notable effect on the display resolution.
Human Metabolic Syndrome Resulting From Dominant-Negative Mutations in the Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (2003)

We previously reported a syndrome of severe hyperinsulinemia and early-onset hypertension in three patients with dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. We now report the results of further detailed pathophysiological evaluation of these subjects, the identification of affected prepubertal children within one of the original families, and the effects of thiazolidinedione therapy in two subjects. These studies 1) definitively demonstrate the presence of severe peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in the affected subjects; 2) describe a stereotyped pattern of partial lipodystrophy associated with all the features of the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; 3) document abnormalities in the in vivo function of remaining adipose tissue, including the inability of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to trap and store free fatty acids postprandially and the presence of very low circulating levels of adiponectin; 4) document the presence of severe hyperinsulinemia in prepubertal carriers of the proline-467-leucine (P467L) PPAR-gamma mutation; 5) provide the first direct evidence of cellular resistance to PPAR-gamma agonists in mononuclear cells derived from the patients; and 6) report on the metabolic response to thiazolidinedione therapy in two affected subjects. Although the condition is rare, the study of humans with dominant-negative mutations in PPAR-gamma can provide important insight into the roles of this nuclear receptor in human metabolism.
Cellulose Biosynthesis in Plants: from Genes to Rosettes (2002)

Modern techniques of gene cloning have identified the CesA genes as encoding the probable catalytic subunits of the plant CelS, the cellulose synthase enzyme complex visualized in the plasma membrane as rosettes. At least 10 CesA isoforms exist in Arabidopsis and have been shown by mutant analyses to play distinct role/s in the cellulose synthesis process. Functional specialization within this family includes differences in gene expression, regulation and, possibly, catalytic function. Current data points towards some CesA isoforms potentially being responsible for initiation or elongation of the recently identified sterol beta-glucoside primer within different cell types, e.g. those undergoing either primary or secondary wall cellulose synthesis. Different CesA isoforms may also play distinct roles within the rosette, and there is some circumstantial evidence that CesA genes may encode the catalytic subunit of the mixed linkage glucan synthase or callose synthase. Various other proteins such as the Korrigan endocellulase, sucrose synthase, cytoskeletal components, Rac13, redox proteins and a lipid transfer protein have been implicated to be involved in synthesizing cellulose but, apart from CesAs, only Korrigan has been definitively linked with cellulose synthesis. These proteins should prove valuable in identifying additional CelS components.
A primary T-cell immunodeficiency associated with defective transmembrane calcium influx (1995)

We investigated a T-cell activation deficiency in a 3-month-old boy with protracted diarrhea, serious cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and a family history (in a brother) of cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis. In spite of detection of normal number of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells did not proliferate after activation by anti-CD3 and anti-CD2 antibodies, although proliferation induced by antigens was detectable. We sought to determine the origin of this defect as it potentially represented a valuable tool to analyze T-cell physiology. T-cell activation by anti-CD3 antibody or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) led to reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and abnormal nuclear factor-activated T cell (NF-AT; a complex regulating the IL-2 gene transcription) binding activity to a specific oligonucleotide. T-cell proliferation was restored by IL-2. Early events of T-cell activation, such as anti-CD3 antibody-induced cellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, p59fyn and p56lck kinase activities, and phosphoinositide turnover, were found to be normal. In contrast, anti-CD3 antibody-induced Ca2+ flux was grossly abnormal. Release from endoplasmic reticulum stores was detectable as tested in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody or thapsigargin after cell membrane depolarization in a K+ rich medium, whereas extracellular entry of Ca2+ was defective. The latter abnormality was not secondary to defective K+ channel function, which was found to be normal. A similar defect was found in other hematopoietic cell lineages and in fibroblasts as evaluated by both cytometry and digital video imaging experiments at a single-cell level. This primary T-cell immunodeficiency appears, thus, to be due to defective Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane. The same abnormality did not alter B-cell proliferation, platelet function, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying this defect would help to understand the physiology of Ca2+ mobilization in T cells.
Effects of Kodiak® (Bacillus subtilisStrain GBO3) on Soil-Inhabiting Nematodes Near the Rhizosphere of Treated versus Untreated Snap Bean SeedsIn Situ (2007)

ABSTRACT A field study was conducted at the West Virginia University Organic Research Farm to determine the effect of the bacterial biological control agent Kodiak® on beneficial soil nematodes. Kodiak® was applied to bean seeds prior to planting, and predatory, bacterial-feeding, and plant parasitic nematode abundance near the bean roots was monitored during two growing seasons. The abundance of non-target, beneficial soil nematodes within and around bean rhizospheres did not differ overall among plants treated with Kodiak® versus untreated plants. The data presented here do not indicate any detrimental or non-target impacts of Kodiak® on soil nematodes. Additionally, bean yield was not affected when the product was used in a manner consistent with organic farming practices. KEYWORDS: Beneficial nematodesnon-target soil nematodespredatory nematodes