gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological and clinical perspectives of cancer imaging and therapy with radiolabeled antibodies. (1990)

Cancer and other diseases that elaborate increased quantities of antigenic substances can be targeted with suitable antibodies labeled with radionuclides. Factors influencing this targeting include the nature, pharmacology, and physiology of the antibodies, the composition and physiology of the tissue targets, the character and linkage of the radionuclide to the antibody, the choice of radionuclide, and the method of administration of the radioimmunoconjugate. The current state of cancer imaging with gamma-emitting radiolabeled antibodies, using the more optimal Fab' antibody fragments conjugated with 99mTc and imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography, permits high detection rates (90% range) of tumors at or below 0.5 cm, thus disclosing lesions missed by conventional radiographic methods. In radioimmunotherapy, severe limitations are due to low antibody accretion in tumors (resulting in low target rad doses), inadequate conjugation of radiometals to antibodies, high red marrow toxicity, and human anti-antibody responses when foreign immunoglobulins are administered. However, radiosensitive tumors, such as lymphomas, have shown impressive clinical responses.
Ultra-Broadband W - Band Balanced Schottky Diode Envelope Detector for High-Data Rate Communication Systems (2018)

We present an outright W-Band (75-110 GHz) receiver, composed by a Schottky diode based balanced Envelope Detector (ED), built in microstrip technology in a hollow waveguide to microstrip transition which provides a WR-10 input interface. According to simulations the ED is able to demodulate amplitude shift keying (ASK) signals with data rates up to 15 Gbps at every carrier frequency within the whole W-Band. This ED presents an outstanding broadband operational bandwidth together with a compact design compared to other balanced EDs.
Transactivation of EGF receptor and ErbB2 protects intestinal epithelial cells from TNF-induced apoptosis (2008)

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine that activates both anti- and proapoptotic signaling pathways, with cell fate determined by the balance between these two pathways. Activation of ErbB family members, including EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), promotes cell survival and regulates several signals that overlap with those stimulated by TNF. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of TNF on EGFR and ErbB2 activation and intestinal epithelial cell survival. Mice, young adult mouse colon epithelial cells, and EGFR knockout mouse colon epithelial cells were treated with TNF. Activation of EGFR, ErbB2, Akt, Src, and apoptosis were determined in vivo and in vitro. TNF stimulated EGFR phosphorylation in young adult mouse colon epithelial cells, and loss of EGFR expression or inhibition of kinase activity increased TNF-induced apoptosis, which was prevented in WT but not by kinase-inactive EGFR expression. Similarly, TNF injection stimulated apoptosis in EGFR-kinase-defective mice (EGFR(wa2)) compared with WT mice. TNF also activated ErbB2, and loss of ErbB2 expression increased TNF-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, Src-kinase activity and the expression of both EGFR and ErbB2 were required for TNF-induced cell survival. Akt was shown to be a downstream target of TNF-activated EGFR and ErbB2. These findings demonstrate that EGFR and ErbB2 are critical mediators of TNF-regulated antiapoptotic signals in intestinal epithelial cells. Given evidence for TNF signaling in the development of colitis-associated carcinoma, this observation has significant implications for understanding the role of EGFR in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis during cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses.
Decorin regulates assembly of collagen fibrils and acquisition of biomechanical properties during tendon development (2006)

Tendon function involves the development of an organized hierarchy of collagen fibrils. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans have been implicated in the regulation of fibrillogenesis and decorin is the prototypic member of this family. Decorin-deficient mice demonstrate altered fibril structure and mechanical function in mature skin and tail tendons. However, the developmental role(s) of decorin needs to be elucidated. To define these role(s) during tendon development, tendons (flexor digitorum longus) were analyzed ultrastructurally from postnatal day 10 to 90. Decorin-deficient tendons developed abnormal, irregularly contoured fibrils. Finite mixture modeling estimated that the mature tendon was a three-subpopulation mixture of fibrils with characteristic diameter ranges. During development, in each subpopulation the mean diameter was consistently larger in mutant mice. Also, diameter distributions and the percentage of fibrils in each subpopulation were altered. Biomechanical analyses demonstrated that mature decorin-deficient tendons had significantly reduced strength and stiffness; however, there was no reduction in immature tendons. Expression of decorin and biglycan, a closely related family member, was analyzed during development. Decorin increased with development while biglycan decreased. Spatially, both had a comparable localization throughout the tendon. Biglycan expression increased substantially in decorin-deficient tendons suggesting a potential functional compensation. The accumulation of structural defects during fibril growth, a period associated with decorin expression and low biglycan expression, may be the cause of compromised mechanical function in the absence of decorin. Our findings indicate that decorin is a key regulatory molecule and that the temporal switch from biglycan to decorin is an important event in the coordinate regulation of fibrillogenesis and tendon development.
Aligning Books and Movies: Towards Story-Like Visual Explanations by Watching Movies and Reading Books (2015)

Books are a rich source of both fine-grained information, how a character, an object or a scene looks like, as well as high-level semantics, what someone is thinking, feeling and how these states evolve through a story. This paper aims to align books to their movie releases in order to provide rich descriptive explanations for visual content that go semantically far beyond the captions available in the current datasets. To align movies and books we propose a neural sentence embedding that is trained in an unsupervised way from a large corpus of books, as well as a video-text neural embedding for computing similarities between movie clips and sentences in the book. We propose a context-aware CNN to combine information from multiple sources. We demonstrate good quantitative performance for movie/book alignment and show several qualitative examples that showcase the diversity of tasks our model can be used for.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Seed Safeners as Insecticide Synergists (1985)

Certain oximes, including cyometrinil [(Z)-α-(cyanomethoxy)iminobenzeneacetonitrile], CGA-92194 [ N -(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)-iminobenzeneacetonitrile], 2-pyridinealdoxime- O -benzyl ether (PA-B), and 2-pyridinealdoxime- O -phenethyl ether (PA-PE), which are known to protect sorghum from chloroacetanilide herbicides, increased the toxicity of the insecticide propoxur ( o -isopropoxyphenyl-methyl carbamate) to a resistant strain of housefly ( Musca domestica L.). Flurazole [5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, benzyl ester, 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)], a nonoxime protectant for grain sorghum, had less effect on the toxicity of propoxur than did the oximes. Metolachlor [2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], which can be used as a herbicide in sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] only if the seed have been treated with a protectant, also increased the toxicity of propoxur to houseflies. Commercially available insecticide synergists increase insecticide activity by inhibiting NADPH-dependent microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Sorghum coleoptiles possessed the enzyme system necessary to oxidize aldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4- endo-exo -5,8-dimethanonaphthalene) to dieldrin (1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6, 7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4- endo-exo -5,8-dimethanonaphthalene), which is a standard test for oxidative metabolism in insects. Under the conditions of these tests, the aldrin epoxidase activity in sorghum coleoptiles was not affected by pretreatment with cyometrinil or flurazole.
Thin-layer thermoluminescent dosemeters based on high-temperature self-adhesive tape (1979)

Dosimetric material was fabricated by coating commercially available self-adhesive tape able to withstand temperatures up to 400 degrees C with thermoluminescent lithium fluoride crystals. Tests were made on dosemeters of about one centimetre diameter cut from the coated tape. High loading and reproducibility was further by spreading the crystalline materials onto heated tape. Reproducibility was further improved when sieved and washed ground crystalline material was used. Dosemeters with various loadings were fabricated and representative batches with loadings of 12.2 mg cm-2 and 5.9 mg cm-2 were tested for reproducibility, matching, sensitivity to light and photon energy dependence. The dosemeters show exceptional reproducibility and matching, are simple and inexpensive to make and are ideal for many applications where thin-layer dosemeters with approximate tissue equivalence are required.
Retroviral-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells. (1987)

Retroviruses may be used as genetic vectors to transfer genes into mammalian cells with high efficiency. We have shown that the N2 vector will transfer a functional bacterial gene for neomycin resistance (NeoR) into more than 80% of mouse spleen foci. A derivative of the N2 vector was constructed to study transfer and expression of the human gene for adenosine deaminase (ADA) in mammalian lymphoid and hematopoietic stem cells. This vector, termed SAX, contains the human ADA cDNA with an SV40 promoter in addition to the NeoR gene. The SAX vector was found to efficiently transfer and express the ADA gene in an ADA-deficient human T-cell line. Gene transfer by SAX using an autologous nonhuman primate bone marrow transplant model resulted in expression of the human ADA gene in peripheral blood cells of treated animals. Human bone marrow treated with SAX produced 1%-2% of colonies in vitro that were expressing the vector genes. Transfer of genes into circulating hematopoietic stem cells of fetal sheep in utero was most efficient; vector gene expression was evident in 20%-40% of hematopoietic colonies. Therefore, retroviral vectors are capable of transferring functional genes into a wide variety of mammalian lymphoid and hematopoietic cells. Such vectors may be useful for clinical trials of gene therapy, that is, the correction of genetic diseases by insertion of a normal gene into a patient's defective cells.
Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting (2014)

Deep neural nets with a large number of parameters are very powerful machine learning systems. However, overfitting is a serious problem in such networks. Large networks are also slow to use, making it difficult to deal with overfitting by combining the predictions of many different large neural nets at test time. Dropout is a technique for addressing this problem. The key idea is to randomly drop units (along with their connections) from the neural network during training. This prevents units from co-adapting too much. During training, dropout samples from an exponential number of different “thinned ” networks. At test time, it is easy to approximate the effect of averaging the predictions of all these thinned networks by simply using a single unthinned network that has smaller weights. This significantly reduces overfitting and gives major improvements over other regularization methods. We show that dropout improves the performance of neural networks on supervised learning tasks in vision, speech recognition, document classification and computational biology, obtaining state-of-the-art results on many benchmark data sets.
Lipoprotein metabolism in patients with severe sepsis (2003)

In patients with severe sepsis, lipoprotein concentrations rapidly change and can be reduced to 50% of recovery concentrations. The pattern of early rapid decline is found primarily in the HDL and a slow recovery in both HDL and LDL fractions. The correlation between apolipoprotein and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations suggests a decline in lipoprotein particles. During severe sepsis, HDL is shifted to acute phase HDL, which is enriched in serum amyloid A and depleted of cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1. Lipoprotein concentrations are unable to discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Sperm Antigens by Immunoassays Including Sperm Function Assays and Epitope Evaluation (1987)

Fifteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against human sperm cells were evaluated for reactions against human sperm by indirect immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, agglutination, complement-dependent immobilization, cervical mucus penetration, and hamster egg penetration assays. The MAbs were analyzed for specificity by immunofluorescent reactions with peripheral blood lymphocytes and sperm and classified into three main groups based on regional staining, ie, acrosome, plasma membrane, or tail. One MAb (218) bound to the sperm neck. Three MAbs, (80, 85, and HS-126) were found to react with lymphocytes. Three of five acrosome-reactive MAbs (11, 63, 106), two of five tail-staining MAbs (97, HS-30), and the neck reactor (218) showed significant to highly significant inhibition of sperm penetration of eggs but without significant effects on sperm agglutination, immobilization, or the mucus penetration assay. The three non-specific MAbs gave strong plasma membrane reactions in the agglutination and immobilization assays and also caused highly significant inhibition of sperm penetration of both cervical mucus and zona-free ova. Preliminary analysis of the complementary antigens suggested that epitopes reacting with MAbs 33 (acrosome) and 85 (plasma membrane) were carbohydrate chains on glycoproteins. Three of five MAbs recognizing tail antigen, the neck-staining MAb, and the non-specific MAb (HS-126) appeared to be reactive against glycolipid moieties. Seven of the 12 specific MAbs also reacted in indirect immunofluorescence with mouse and rabbit sperm in patterns similar to those observed with human sperm.
A Combination of Subtherapeutic Doses of Chemically Modified Doxycycline (CMT-8) and a Bisphosphonate (Clodronate) Inhibits Bone Loss in the Ovariectomized Rat A Dynamic Histomorphometric and Gene Expression Study (2001)

Recent studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines can reduce bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. In the current study, a non-antimicrobial, chemically modified doxycycline (CMT-8), alone or in combination with a bisphosphonate (Clodronate), was evaluated in this model. Forty-two, 6month old, female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups, (6/ group): a) sham/vehicle, b) OVX/vehicle; c) OVX/1 mg/day CMT-8; d) OVX/2 mg/day CMT-8, e) OVX/1 mg/week Clodronate; and f) OVX/1 mg/day CMT-8 + 1 mg/week Clodronate, CMT-8 was administered by oral gavage, Clodronate injected S/C. Following sham surgery or OVX, the rats were treated for 90 days with CMT-8 or vehicle alone, injected at three different times with fluorochrome labels, the rats were sacrificed, and the tibiae excised for analysis by dynamic bone histomorphometry. Femurs were aseptically removed and analyzed for collagen, collagenase and osteopontin mRNAs by Northern and dot blot analysis. As expected, OVX decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV by 73.8% vs. sham p<.01), and also reduced trabecular thickness, numbers, and increased spacing. Bone loss in the OVX animals was partially prevented with either 2 mg/day CMT-8 or 1 mg/wk Clodronate (p<.01), while the 1 mg/day CMT-8 had no effect. Interestingly, the efficacy of the combination therapy of CMT-8 and Clodronate was significantly better than either treatment by itself, maintaining bone mass and structural indices at levels identical to sham values. OVX rats mRNA for collagen, collagenase and osteopontin were elevated indicating high-turnover bone loss. Only COMBO therapy significantly reduced the collagenase and osteopontin mRNA. In summary, CMT-8 mono-therapy (2 mg) alone partially inhibited bone loss in this animal model of osteoporosis. However, 1 mg/day (CMT-8) monotherapy had no effect on bone loss or bone mRNA levels and when combined with Clodronate, interacted to increase efficacy. Thus, a combination of a suboptimal dose of CMT-8 and a bisphosphonate appears to increase the amount of bone by suppressing resorption in a model of osteoporosis.
Halothane as a Neuroprotectant During Constant Stimulation of the Perforant Path (1999)

Halothane protects hippocampal neurons against damage induced by constant stimulation of the perforant path.
Histology of ovaries of female rabbits immunized with deglycosylated zona pellucida macromolecules of pigs (1992)

Female rabbits (n = 36, 6 per group) were immunized with: (i) solubilized isolated porcine zona pellucida (SIZP), which contains ZP1, 82 kDa; ZP3 alpha, 55 kDa; and ZP3 beta, 55 kDa; (ii) a purified preparation of ZP3 alpha and ZP3 beta (ZP3); (iii) purified endo-beta-galactosidase digested glycoproteins ZP3 alpha-(EBGD) and (iv) ZP3 beta-(EBGD) (each about 30% deglycosylated); (v) chemically deglycosylated core proteins ZP3 alpha-(DG) and (vi) ZP3 beta-DG (each greater than 92% deglycosylated). Rabbits injected with saline (n = 6) or Freund's adjuvant (n = 6) served as controls. Rabbits were bled weekly to monitor titres. Every six weeks two animals from each group (n = 16) were selected for unilateral oophorectomy followed by histological examination. Sections were scored for numbers of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. Anti-ZP3 titres developed in all treatment groups and correlated with carbohydrate content (peak per cent [125I]-labelled ZP3 binding by radioimmunoassay: SIZP 71.9 +/- 1.2, ZP3 70.0 +/- 2.5, ZP3 alpha-EBGD 60.9 +/- 5.3, ZP3 beta-EBGD 56.4 +/- 5.0, ZP3 alpha-DG 56.4 +/- 4.0, ZP3 beta-DG 53.5 +/- 4.3) (means +/- SEM). Animals immunized with SIZP, ZP3 and ZP3 beta-EBGD showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles compared with controls (P less than 0.01, MANOVA), whereas animals immunized with ZP3 alpha-EBGD, ZP3 alpha-DG and ZP3 beta-DG did not (P greater than 0.05, MANOVA). These results demonstrate that immunization with purified ZP3 alpha macromolecules (ZP3 alpha-EBGD, ZP3 alpha-DG) or ZP3 beta-DG does not produce histopathological changes in ovaries. Such deglycosylated ZP macromolecules represent potential target antigens for immunocontraceptive development.
Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with vertical seismic profiling (2014)

ABSTRACT Distributed Acoustic Sensing is a novel technology for seismic data acquisition, particularly suitable for Vertical Seismic Profiling. It is a break‐through for low‐cost, on‐demand, seismic monitoring of reservoirs, both onshore and offshore. In this article we explain how Distributed Acoustic Sensing works and demonstrate its usability for typical Vertical Seismic Profiling applications such as checkshots, imaging, and time‐lapse monitoring. We show numerous data examples, and discuss Distributed Acoustic Sensing as an enabler of seismic monitoring with 3D Vertical Seismic Profiling.
Homogenous expression of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) on polyclonal natural killer cells detected by a monoclonal antibody to KIR2D (2000)

The activity of human natural killer (NK) cells is in part regulated by the expression of killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and can inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity. A monoclonal anti-KIR antibody was established and designated Lig1. Lig1 was shown to be specific for KIR in cell-surface staining and to react with all KIR2D, except KIR2DL4 which lacks a D1 domain, but not with KIR3D molecules in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Unlike other anti-KIR antibodies, Lig1 did not inhibit binding of KIR-Ig-fusion proteins to MHC-class I expressing cells nor did it interfere with KIR-mediated inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity in a functional assay. Lig1 reacted with all NK cells in polyclonal NK populations from different donors, demonstrating that all NK cells express at least one KIR2D receptor.
PAX3 is expressed in human melanomas and contributes to tumor cell survival. (2001)

Deregulated expression of the transcription factor PAX3 was observed previously in several tumors like rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Because PAX3 expression is also found in pluripotent neural crest cells, we investigated whether melanomas, tumors derived mostly from cutaneous intraepidermal melanocytes, might show deregulated PAX3 expression. Using a specific and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR, we detected PAX3 mRNA in 77% (27 of 35) of primary cultured melanomas. These results could be confirmed by direct in situ hybridization on the corresponding tissue sections where PAX3 expression was unambiguously confined to tumor cells and not detected in surrounding normal tissue, normal skin sections, or sections of benign lesions. Furthermore, down-regulation of PAX3 expression achieved through a specific antisense oligonucleotide-based treatment resulted in > 70% of dead cells specifically in PAX3-positive melanomas. Annexin V staining confirmed that primary melanoma cells underwent apoptosis after treatment These experiments suggest that in situ hybridization of PAX3 on paraffin-embedded tissue may represent a novel means to identify melanoma cell lesions, which appear to become dependent on expression of this deregulated transcription factor.
Air separation and flue gas compression and purification units for oxy-coal combustion systems (2009)

Air Liquide (AL) has been actively involved in the development of oxy-coal technologies for CO2 capture from power plants for the past 5 years. Large systems for oxygen production and flue gas purification are required for this technology. Air Liquide has been a leader in building large Air Separation Units (ASUs) and more developments have been performed to customize the air separation process for coal-fired power plants. Air Liquide is also actively involved in developing processes for purification of flue gas from oxy-coal combustion systems for enhanced oil recovery applications as well as sequestration in saline aquifers. Through optimization of the cryogenic air separation process for oxy-coal combustion, a 20% reduction in the separation energy requirement of the ASU has been achieved. Several CO2 capture schemes have been developed to study the energy requirement to achieve CO2 product streams meeting different specifications. Utilization of waste heat from both the ASU and CO2 capture unit for heating boiler feed water has been shown to significantly improve the energy efficiency of the overall process.