gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Fab' from Murine IgG2a for Thiol Reactive Conjugation (2001)

Lysyl endopeptidase (LE) from Achromobacter lyticus M497-1 (EC 3.4.21.50) was utilized to prepare F(ab')2 fragments from mouse anti-P-glycoprotein IgG2a obtained from the UIC2 hybridoma. This report describes a novel single step purification procedure for F(ab')2 fragments that eliminates residual LE activity responsible for secondary cleavage of F(ab')2 to Fab fragments. The purification of F(ab')2 and Fc fragments was accomplished utilizing protein G affinity chromatography and either gradient or step changes in the pH/ionic strength for elution of the Fc and F(ab')2 fragments. Residual LE was eluted from the protein G column with buffer containing 200 mM L-lysine prior to elution of F(ab')2 and Fc fragments. The activity of LE was monitored using the fluorogenic substrate Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-7-amido 4-methyl coumarin. A similar purification procedure for F(ab')2 fragments produced following pepsin digestion of IgG2a is also outlined. The ability of Fab' fragments, from reduced F(ab')2 fragments following LE digestion of IgG2a, to conjugate to thiol reactive groups was demonstrated using N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-meso chlorin e6 mono (N-2-aminoethylamide) (Mce6) conjugates containing reactive maleimide groups. The biological activity of the Fab' targeted HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates was tested against the P-glycoprotein expressing human ovarian carcinoma A2780/AD cell line utilizing a cell survival assay. Fab' targeted HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugate demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity than either a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeted HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugate or a non-targeted HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugate, p < 0.05.
Fast algorithm for adaptive beamforming of cyclic signals (1994)

There has been an explosive increase in the demand of radio channels in cellular communication systems. Due to the finite limit of the frequency spectrum the number of available channels is bounded. This constraint has become a bottleneck of next-generation wireless communication systems. Some array beamforming techniques have been proposed to solve this problem by the space-division multiple access (SDMA). In the paper, a fast adaptive beamforming algorithm for extracting cyclic signals is proposed. Similar to the SCORE algorithm, the new beamformer performs a blind signal extraction. Compared with the SCORE method it has simpler computation and faster convergence rate and higher SINR in many situations of interest.
Ex vivo Approach to Treat Failing Organs: Expanding the Limits (2014)

Ex vivo therapies open new horizons in the treatment of end-stage organ pathologies.
<title>Fractal detection algorithm for a LADAR sensor</title> (1993)

Fundamental results from fractal measure theory are presented and applied to form a new technique for signature analysis. A detection algorithm is generated from this theory and successfully applied to the reflectance images of a laser radar.
Electrocatalysis on Bimetallic Surfaces:  Modifying Catalytic Reactivity for Oxygen Reduction by Voltammetric Surface Dealloying (2007)

We report a synthetic electrochemical strategy to deliberately modify the catalytic reactivity of Pt bimetallic surfaces. The strategy consists of voltammetric surface dealloying of the non-noble constituent from Pt-poor bimetallic precursor compounds. We exemplify this method by dealloying carbon-supported Pt25Cu75 alloy nanoparticle precursors and testing the resulting active catalyst phase for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We show that dealloyed Pt−Cu electrocatalysts exhibit an extraordinary increase in intrinsic reactivity of 4−6 times as compared to pure Pt electrocatalysts. Our results indicate that electrochemical treatment of the alloy precursors selectively dissolves Cu near the particle surface. The partially dealloyed particles constitute the active catalyst phase. While Cu is retained in the core of the particles after dealloying, the essentially pure Pt surface suggests a core−shell structure of the active catalyst. Geometric effects, such as exposure of more active crystallographic facets or a more favorable Pt−Pt surface interatomic distance are proposed to play a key role in the enhancement mechanism. This work suggests that the selective electrochemical dissolution (dealloying) of non-noble components from noble metal bimetallics can serve as a general strategy toward tuning surface electrocatalytic properties.
Primer-BLAST: A tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction (2012)

We describe a robust and fully implemented general purpose primer design tool that designs target-specific PCR primers. Primer-BLAST offers flexible options to adjust the specificity threshold and other primer properties. This tool is publicly available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast.
Singularity detection and processing with wavelets (1992)

The mathematical characterization of singularities with Lipschitz exponents is reviewed. Theorems that estimate local Lipschitz exponents of functions from the evolution across scales of their wavelet transform are reviewed. It is then proven that the local maxima of the wavelet transform modulus detect the locations of irregular structures and provide numerical procedures to compute their Lipschitz exponents. The wavelet transform of singularities with fast oscillations has a particular behavior that is studied separately. The local frequency of such oscillations is measured from the wavelet transform modulus maxima. It has been shown numerically that one- and two-dimensional signals can be reconstructed, with a good approximation, from the local maxima of their wavelet transform modulus. As an application, an algorithm is developed that removes white noises from signals by analyzing the evolution of the wavelet transform maxima across scales. In two dimensions, the wavelet transform maxima indicate the location of edges in images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Feasibility of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided OncoGel (ReGel/Paclitaxel) Injection into the Pancreas in Pigs (2005)

At the time of diagnosis, patients with pancreatic cancer often have locally advanced disease, either alone or associated with small liver metastases. These patients suffer from local complications, including pain and biliary or intestinal obstruction. Survival in this group of patients is poor, with a median life expectancy of 8 - 12 months for patients with locally advanced and unresectable disease and only 3 - 6 months for those with metastatic disease at presentation [1]. Historically, patients with locally advanced disease have been treated with chemotherapy and radiation to the pancreatic bed, but the prognosis of the patients remains poor.
Efficient Real-Time Algorithms for Eye State and Head Pose Tracking in Advanced Driver Support Systems (2005)

This article shows cutting-edge computer vision methods employed in advanced vision sensing technologies for medical, safety and security applications, where the human eye represents the object of interest for both the imager and the computer. As the eye scans the environment, or focuses on particular objects in the scene, the processor simultaneously localizes the eye position, tracks its position and movement over time, and infers counter measures such as fatigue level, attention level, and gaze direction in real-time and automatically. The focus of this demonstration is placed on four different algorithms: auto-initialization (RHED), eye position tracking (SIRAT), eye closure recognition (HRA), driver head pose categorization.
The Surgical Assistant Workstation (SAW) in Minimally-Invasive Surgery and Microsurgery (2010)

The Surgical Assistant Workstation (SAW) provides a modular, open-source software framework to support rapid prototyping of computer-assisted surgery systems, especially those that benefit from enhanced 3D visualization and user interaction. The framework includes a library of components that can be used to implement master-slave or collaborative robot control systems with support for complex video pipelines and a novel interactive surgical visualization environment. SAW includes standardized interface definitions (e.g., command names and payloads), with the goal of making the framework easily extensible so that developers can add support for their own robotic devices and associated hardware platforms. This paper presents an overview of the component-based architecture, followed by applications (use cases) in the areas of minimally-invasive surgery (MIS), microsurgery, and surgical skill assessment.
Novel sites for expression of an Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin receptor in the developing rat (1992)

Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) mediates diarrheal disease by binding to and activating an intestinal transmembrane receptor, guanylate cyclase C (GC-C). To test the hypotheses that there was 1) increased perinatal expression of GC-C in rat intestine and 2) GC-C expression and STa binding in extraintestinal tissues of immature rat, we prepared whole cell membranes and total RNA from jejunum, ileum, colon, liver, kidney, heart, lung, brain, testis, and placenta of rats ranging in age from 12 days gestation to adult. Northern analysis demonstrated the presence of a unique 3.8-kb mRNA transcript at all ages in the jejunum, ileum, colon, and, to a lesser degree, in the testis. GC-C was also detected by Northern analysis in liver (from gestational age 18 days through 14 days postnatal) and in placenta. Steady-state mRNA encoding GC-C was not detected by Northern analysis in the other organs examined. GC-C-specific mRNA expression was greatest in the perinatal period in the jejunum, ileum, and liver. Specific binding of 125I-labeled STa was found in each of the tissue membranes in which GC-C mRNA was present; binding was not present in those tissues that had no detectable GC-C mRNA. The existence of GC-C in extraintestinal organs in the rat, and the development changes in GC-C expression support our hypothesis that GC-C, apart from its role as an STa receptor in mediating diarrheal disease, also serves as a receptor for an endogenous ligand.
Interaction of fosfomycin with other antimicrobial agents: in vitro and in vivo studies (1978)

Journal Article Interaction of fosfomycin with other antimicrobial agents: in vitro and in vivo studies Get access T. Olay, T. Olay Instituto de Farmacologia Española, Facultad de MedicinaPabellón III—2oCiudad UniversitariaMadrid—3, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Rodriguez, A. Rodriguez Instituto de Farmacologia Española, Facultad de MedicinaPabellón III—2oCiudad UniversitariaMadrid—3, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. E. Oliver, L. E. Oliver Instituto de Farmacologia Española, Facultad de MedicinaPabellón III—2oCiudad UniversitariaMadrid—3, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. V. Vicente, M. V. Vicente Instituto de Farmacologia Española, Facultad de MedicinaPabellón III—2oCiudad UniversitariaMadrid—3, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. C. R. Quecedo M. C. R. Quecedo Instituto de Farmacologia Española, Facultad de MedicinaPabellón III—2oCiudad UniversitariaMadrid—3, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 4, Issue 6, November 1978, Pages 569–576, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/4.6.569 Published: 01 November 1978 Article history Accepted: 07 June 1978 Published: 01 November 1978
Determination of Impurities in Helium by Gas Chromatography (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Impurities in Helium by Gas ChromatographyA. W. Mosen and George. BuzzelliCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 1, 141–142Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60157a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60157a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tudor-SN and ADAR1 are components of cytoplasmic stress granules (2012)

Hyperediting by adenosine deaminases that acts on RNA (ADARs) may result in numerous Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) substitutions within long dsRNA. However, while countless RNAs may undergo hyperediting, the role for inosine-containing hyperedited dsRNA (IU-dsRNA) in cells is poorly understood. We have previously shown that IU-dsRNA binds specifically to various components of cytoplasmic stress granules, as well as to other proteins such as Tudor Staphylococcal Nuclease (Tudor-SN). Tudor-SN has been implicated in diverse roles in mammalian cells, including transcription, splicing, RNAi, and degradation. Moreover, we have shown that Tudor-SN interacts directly with stress granule proteins. Here we show that Tudor-SN localizes to cytoplasmic stress granules in HeLa cells undergoing arsenite-induced oxidative stress, or following transfection with long dsRNA (poly[IC]), which initiates an interferon cascade. We additionally demonstrate a novel interaction between Tudor-SN and ADAR1. Finally, we show that ADAR1 is also localized to stress granules in HeLa cells following various stresses.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic-Optical Co−Au Core−Shell Nanoparticles (2007)

We report the successful synthesis of Co−Au core−shell nanoparticles by reducing an organo-gold compound onto cobalt seeds with a weak reducer in a nonpolar solvent. The core−shell morphology was unequivocally confirmed by complementary structural, magnetic, and optical property measurements. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Z-contrast imaging shows a gold shell composed of multiple grains. Electron-energy loss spectroscopy confirms the chemically distinct characteristics of the core (Co) and shell (Au). Temperature-dependent magnetic property measurements confirm that the particles are superparamagnetic with a blocking temperature, TB ∼ 55 K, consistent with a magnetic diameter ∼6 nm. The UV−visible absorption spectra of these nanoparticles show a red shift (relative to pure gold nanoparticles) in agreement with a Au-shell morphology.
Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells: effects of mast cell growth factor (MGF) combined with other cytokines. (1992)

Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells may permit gene therapy of numerous genetic diseases. Stimulation of marrow with hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) has been shown to increase the level of retroviral transduction. We have examined the effects of recombinant human mast cell growth factor (MGF), alone and in combination with other HGFs, on the efficiency of gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells. MGF acts in concert with interleukin 3 (IL-3) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) to increase the percentage of CD34+ progenitors transduced with a retroviral vector expressing the neo gene. The most potent combination of growth factors that we examined, interleukin 1 (IL-1)/IL-3/IL-6/MGF, resulted in the conferral of G418 resistance to 45% of progenitors and long-term culture-initiating cells. Extending the time of cocultivation of the marrow cells with the vector-producing cells did not further increase gene transfer frequency, suggesting that the amount of available vector is not limiting. To analyze the effects of the HGF on gene transfer into more primitive hematopoietic progenitors, CD34+ cells were isolated from marrow samples that were purged of committed progenitor cells by treatment with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Preculturing the CD34+ 4-HC-treated cells with the combination of four HGF (IL-1/IL-3/IL-6/MGF) permitted transduction of 20%-28% of the progenitors that formed colonies after 30 days in culture. These results demonstrate that MGF in combination with other HGFs enhances gene transduction of human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
TLR8 Activates HIV from Latently Infected Cells of Myeloid-Monocytic Origin Directly via the MAPK Pathway and from Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells Indirectly via TNF-α (2011)

We previously showed that the TLR7/8 agonist, R-848, activated HIV from cells of myeloid-monocytic origin. In this work, we show that this effect was solely due to triggering TLR8 and that NF-κB was involved in the TLR8-mediated activation of HIV from latently infected cells of myeloid-monocytic origin. Inhibition of Erk1/2 or p38α resulted in attenuation of TLR8-mediated activation of NF-κB. Western blots confirmed that TLR8 triggering activated Erk1/2 and p38α but, surprisingly, not JNK. Although the Erk1/2 inhibitors resulted in a less attenuated TLR8-mediated NF-κB response than did p38α inhibitors, they had a more pronounced effect on blocking TLR8-mediated HIV replication, indicating that other transcription factors controlled by Erk1/2 are involved in TLR8-mediated HIV activation from latently infected cells. TNF-α, which was secreted subsequent to TLR8 triggering, contributed to the activation of HIV from the latently infected cells in an autocrine manner, revealing a bimodal mechanism by which the effect of TLR8 triggering can be sustained. We also found that TNF-α secreted by myeloid dendritic cells acted in a paracrine manner in the activation of HIV from neighboring latently infected CD4(+) T cells, which do not express TLR8. Notably, monocytes from highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV(+) patients with suppressed HIV RNA showed a robust TNF-α secretion in response to TLR8 agonists, pointing to a functional TLR8 signaling axis in HIV infection. Thus, triggering TLR8 represents a very promising strategy for attacking the silent HIV from its reservoir in HIV(+) patients treated successfully with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Transport IVF: Innovation in fertility treatment (1992)

Christine Malone outlines some of the fertility treatments currently available and highlights an alternative treatment offered at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Redirecting Therapeutic T Cells against Myelin-Specific T Lymphocytes Using a Humanized Myelin Basic Protein-HLA-DR2-ζ Chimeric Receptor (2008)

Therapies that Ag-specifically target pathologic T lymphocytes responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases would be expected to have improved therapeutic indices compared with Ag-nonspecific therapies. We have developed a cellular immunotherapy that uses chimeric receptors to selectively redirect therapeutic T cells against myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T lymphocytes implicated in MS. We generated two heterodimeric receptors that genetically link the human MBP84-102 epitope to HLA-DR2 and either incorporate or lack a TCRzeta signaling domain. The Ag-MHC domain serves as a bait, binding the TCR of MBP-specific target cells. The zeta signaling region stimulates the therapeutic cell after cognate T cell engagement. Both receptors were well expressed on primary T cells or T hybridomas using a tricistronic (alpha, beta, green fluorescent protein) retroviral expression system. MBP-DR2-zeta-, but not MBP-DR2, modified CTL were specifically stimulated by cognate MBP-specific T cells, proliferating, producing cytokine, and killing the MBP-specific target cells. The receptor-modified therapeutic cells were active in vivo as well, eliminating Ag-specific T cells in a humanized mouse model system. Finally, the chimeric receptor-modified CTL ameliorated or blocked experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease mediated by MBP84-102/DR2-specific T lymphocytes. These results provide support for the further development of redirected therapeutic T cells able to counteract pathologic, self-specific T lymphocytes, and specifically validate humanized MBP-DR2-zeta chimeric receptors as a potential therapeutic in MS.
Natural Killer Cell Reprogramming with Chimeric Immune Receptors (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as a new tool for cell therapy of cancer. However, some cancer subtypes are relatively resistant to NK cell cytotoxicity. Expression of anti-CD19 chimeric signaling receptors can enhance NK-cell reactivity against CD19+ leukemia and lymphoma cells. Here we describe a method to enforce expression of such receptors in human NK cells relying on electroporation of mRNA and compare it to retroviral transduction of cDNA. These methods are applicable to the reprogramming of NK cells with chimeric receptors specific for other antigens expressed on cancer cells as well as with molecules that can modulate NK cell function.
Combination treatment for osteosarcoma with baculoviral vector mediated gene therapy (p53) and chemotherapy (adriamycin) (2001)

The insect baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) has been evaluated as a vector for gene delivery to human tumor cells. A human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, Saos-2, was found to be highly susceptible to infection with a baculoviral vector, with nearly 100% of Saos-2 cells being able to express a lacZ reporter gene after a brief exposure to the virus at a m.o.i. of 30 pfu/cell. The production of beta-galactosidase protein was 18-times greater than that in HepG2 cells which were previously thought to be the mammalian cells most susceptible to the baculovirus. The possibility of developing a baculovirus as a cytotoxic vector for p53-defective cancer was tested by destruction of Saos-2 cells (p53-/-) with a recombinant baculovirus containing the wild type p53 gene (BV-p53) in vitro. The p53 baculovirus induced apoptotic cell death in tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner with approximately 60% killing at an m.o.i. of 160 pfu/cell. Combined treatments of gene therapy (p53) and chemotherapy (adriamycin) resulted in synergistic and potent killing of the osteogenic sarcoma cells. For example, greater than 95% of Saos-2 cells were killed by the combination of BV-p53 (m.o.i. of 100) and adriamycin (35 ng/ml), whereas approximately 50% and approximately 55% cells were killed by BV-p53 and adriamycin alone, respectively. These results indicate that a baculoviral gene delivery vector can be used to efficiently target certain types of mammalian cells and the combination treatment of gene-therapy mediated by a baculovirus and chemotherapy may enhance induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.