gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adverse Drug Reactions in Neonates (1994)

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are uncommon causes of admission of neonates to the neonatal intensive care unit. The neonate, however, is potentially at significant risk for adverse drug reactions because of underdeveloped mechanisms and systems for handling drugs (the Gray Baby Syndrome with chloramphenicol as a classic example), the fact that infants in neonatal intensive care units are often critically ill with multiple organ system dysfunction, that they may be on multiple drugs, and that they may present with an adverse drug reaction as a result of exposure while still a fetus. There is also a history of misadventures in the neonatal intensive care unit and newborn nurseries due to exposure to antibacterial agents that produced systemic effects from percutaneous absorption. In this review, an overview of the mechanisms of adverse drug reactions will be presented, followed by a general review of the experience of adverse drug reactions in neonates and some specific examples of current adverse drug reactions and a suggested approach for the prevention and evaluation of adverse drug reactions in neonates.
Single Infusion of Donor Mononuclear Early Apoptotic Cells as Prophylaxis for Graft-versus-Host Disease in Myeloablative HLA-Matched Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial (2013)

Because of its potent immunomodulatory effect, an infusion of donor mononuclear early apoptotic cells (ApoCell) was tested in addition to cyclosporine and methotrexate as prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HLA-matched myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a related donor. In a phase I/IIa clinical trial, we treated 13 patients (median age, 37 years; range, 20 to 59 years) with hematologic malignancies: 7 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 5 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and 1 patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, who received conventional myeloablative conditioning, with 35, 70, 140, or 210 × 10(6) cell/kg of donor ApoCell, on day -1 of transplantation. Engraftment was successful in all patients with median time to neutrophil recovery of 13 days (range, 11 to 19), and platelet recovery of 15 days (range, 11 to 59). Serious adverse effects were reported on 10 occasions in the trial, all of which were considered unrelated (n = 7) or unlikely to be related (n = 3) to ApoCell infusion. The nonrelapse mortality at day 100 and 180 after transplantation was 7.7% and the overall survival at 100 and 180 days after transplantation was 92% and 85%, respectively. All ApoCell preparations showed an in vitro significant tolerogenic effect upon interaction with dendritic cells. The overall incidence of acute grades II to IV GVHD was 23%, whereas among those receiving the 2 higher doses (n = 6), the rate was 0%. These results suggest that a single infusion of donor ApoCell in HLA-matched allogeneic HSCT is a safe and potentially effective prophylaxis for acute GVHD occurring after myeloablative conditioning. No dose limiting toxicity was observed. (Clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT00524784).
Formation and Toxicity of Soluble Polyglutamine Oligomers in Living Cells (2010)

Our study describes powerful and sensitive tools for investigating soluble oligomeric forms of expanded polyglutamine proteins, and their impact on cell viability. Moreover, these methods should be applicable for the detection of soluble oligomers of a wide variety of aggregation prone proteins.
Differentiation of type 1 and type 2 chain linkages of native glycosphingolipids by positive‐ion fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation and linked scanning (1991)

Two underivatized glycosphingolipids, Le(b) and Le(y), isomeric in carbohydrate structure (Fuc alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1--> 3[Fuc alpha 1-->4]GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc beta 1-->1Cer and Fuc alpha 1-->2Gal beta 1-->4[Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1--> 4Glc beta 1-->1Cer, respectively), were analyzed by positive-ion fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry with high energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) and linked scanning. The two isomers were distinguishable by the abundance of product ions derived from the non-reducing terminal tetrasaccharide fragment via sequential beta-eliminations of vicinally linked saccharide residues. Following earlier studies from other laboratories, which have dealt primarily with positive-ion FAB-CID mass spectrometry of simple model oligosaccharides, these results exemplify the practical application of two-sector methodology to underivatized complex glycoconjugates commonly encountered in the biomedical field.
In Vivo Behavior of Genetically Engineered Herpes Simplex Viruses R7017 and R7020: Construction and Evaluation in Rodents (1988)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinant R7017 was constructed from HSV-1 (strain F) by deleting a portion of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene and by replacing the sequences representing the internal inverted repeats and adjacent genes in the L component with a fragment of the HSV-2 genome encoding the glycoproteins G, D, I, and a portion of E. In addition, the R7020 recombinant contains an HSV-1 DNA fragment encoding the tk gene fused to the alpha 4 gene promoter. The results of studies in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were as follows: Both recombinants remained unchanged after nine serial, intracerebral passages in mice; the recombinants could not be differentiated with respect to attenuation in mice injected intracerebrally, in vaginally infected guinea pigs, and in rabbits inoculated on the scarified cornea. Given intradermally or intramuscularly, the recombinants prevented severe infections by virulent challenge viruses, and R7020 established latent infections (at a low frequency) in all species tested, whereas latent R7017 virus was detected in rabbits only.
AFLP analysis sheds light on distribution of two Salix species and their hybrid along a natural gradient (1997)

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 26 trees of three Salix taxa: Salix alba L. (White Willow), S. fragilis L. (Crack Willow) and their hybrid S. x rubens Schrank, across an example of their habitat range in south‐west Germany, supported the distribution previously determined using morphological characterization. UPGMA and principal coordinates analysis of the AFLP data revealed three distinct clusters corresponding to the three taxa. In addition, AFLP analysis on individuals which were difficult to identify morphologically revealed that they were either the hybrid S. x rubens or S. fragilis . Four specimens of S. fragilis were indistinguishable with three primer combinations suggesting they are members of one clone.
Indentation of Brittle Materials (1985)

The use of indentation testing as a method for investigating the deformation and fracture properties of intrinsically brittle materials, glasses, and ceramics is examined. It is argued that the traditional plasticity models of hardness phenomena can be deficient in some important respects, notably in the underlying assumptions of homogeneity and volume conservation. The penetrating indenter is accommodated by an intermittent “shear faulting” mode, plus (to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the material) some structural compaction or expansion. These faults provide the sources for initiation of the indentation cracks. Once generated, the cracks can grow under the action of subsequent external tensile stresses, thereby taking the specimen to failure. In this presentation the mechanical basis for describing these phenomena will be out-lined, with particular emphasis on the interrelations between hardness and other characteristic material parameters, such as elastic modulus and fracture toughness. Procedures for quantitative determination of these parameters will be discussed. Extension of the procedures to the measurement of surface residual stresses in brittle materials will be made to illustrate the power of the indentation method as an analytical tool for materials evaluation.
Isolation, characterization, and substrate properties of the external limiting membrane from the avian embryonic optic tectum (1990)

The external limiting membrane of the avian embryonic optic tectum is isolated by mechanically separating the neuronal mesencephalon from the overlying mesenchymal tissue. The preparation consists of a basal lamina which is covered on its neural side by endfeet of neuroepithelial cells and has attached to it on its meningeal side a collageneous stroma, containing blood vessels. The external limiting membrane can be flat-mounted on a piece of nitrocellulose filter as mechanical support. It covers an area between 0.3 and 1 cm2, depending on the age of the donor embryo. The endfeet can be removed together with all cellular components of the meninges by treatment with 2% Triton-X-100 or with distilled water. The basal lamina itself is approximately 80 nm thick and consists of two laminae rarae and a central lamina densa. Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the basal lamina in the embryo, after isolation and after detergent extraction of the isolated preparation, contains type IV collagen, nidogen, laminin, and low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan as do other basement membranes. Antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin fail to stain the external limiting membrane, but these proteins were clearly identified in the blood vessel-containing meninges or in the optic tectum. The flat-mounted external limiting membrane preparation was used as substrate to culture several different neural tissues of central and peripheral origin. Explants of neural crest cells, dorsal root ganglia, and sympathetic ganglia can be cultured on the external limiting membrane. All explants grow well on the basal lamina preparations whether the endfeet are attached or detergent-extracted prior to explantation; however, neurite outgrowth from sympathetic ganglia is reduced in the presence of the endfeet. Although the endfoot-lined external limiting membrane represents at least part of the immediate environment encountered by retinal axons as they invade the optic tectum and despite its excellent properties as a substrate for retinal axons in vitro, cues guiding the orientation of axons were not detected in the flat-mounted preparation.
Recurrent erythema multiforme: clinical features and treatment in a large series of patients (1993)

Recurrent erythema multiforme is an uncommon disorder. We have reviewed the clinical features and treatment of 65 patients with this condition. The mean number of attacks per year was six (range 2-24), and the mean duration of the disease was 9.5 years (range 2-36) reflecting its chronicity. The majority of patients had oral mucous membrane involvement (69%). In 46 patients (71%) the condition was precipitated by a preceding herpes simplex virus infection. Acyclovir was found to be the most useful first-line treatment, with 55% of patients deriving benefit from either continuous oral acyclovir or a patient-initiated 5-day oral course at the onset of herpes simplex virus infection. Of those failing to respond to acyclovir, a small proportion responded to dapsone. The most resistant patients (11) were treated with azathioprine, with complete disease suppression in all cases.
High frequency noise power spectrum, impedance and transmission loss of power line in Japan on intrabuilding power line communications (1988)

A communication system for small-scale local area networks using the power transmission line is discussed. With this application in mind and noise power spectrum of a power line at 10 kHz-100 MHz and the impedance characteristics and transmission loss of a power line in the high frequency band (10 kHz-20 MHz) have been measured. Both narrowband and wideband data transmission are considered. The transmission loss of the power line increases with frequency, whereas the intensity of the noise power spectrum decreases rapidly. This means that power line communication by a single-sideband system is possible using a wide frequency band up to 100 MHz. However, the noise, impedance, and transmission characteristics vary greatly with frequency, so special considerations such as line impedance stabilization networks and other techniques are necessary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides: preparation of (–)-5′-homoaristeromycin and analogues (1988)

Optically pure 5′-homoaristeromycin has been prepared from (L)-ribonolactone using an intramolecular radical cyclisation process to form the five-membered carbocyclic ring with subsequent displacement of a triflate group using a substituted purine to introduce the base moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Biflavonoids as Novel Antituberculosis Agents. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Receptor Interactions of Obligate Dimeric Mutant of Chemokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) (2012)

Chemokine-receptor interactions regulate leukocyte trafficking during inflammation. CC chemokines exist in equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric forms. Although the monomers can activate chemokine receptors, dimerization is required for leukocyte recruitment in vivo, and it remains controversial whether dimeric CC chemokines can bind and activate their receptors. We have developed an obligate dimeric mutant of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by substituting Thr(10) at the dimer interface with Cys. Biophysical analysis showed that MCP-1(T10C) forms a covalent dimer with similar structure to the wild type MCP-1 dimer. Initial cell-based assays indicated that MCP-1(T10C) could activate chemokine receptor CCR2 with potency reduced 1 to 2 orders of magnitude relative to wild type MCP-1. However, analysis of size exclusion chromatography fractions demonstrated that the observed activity was due to a small proportion of MCP-1(T10C) being monomeric and highly potent, whereas the majority dimeric form could neither bind nor activate CCR2 at concentrations up to 1 μM. These observations help to reconcile previous conflicting results and indicate that dimeric CC chemokines do not bind to their receptors with affinities approaching those of the corresponding monomeric chemokines.
Genetic characterization of mesenchymal, clear cell, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (2012)

Clear cell, mesenchymal, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma are rare, cartilaginous tumors with limited treatment options other than surgery. Conventional chondrosarcomas have been extensively studied at the genetic level, but for rare chondrosarcoma subtypes, this is merely restricted to case reports. Information on the genetics of rare chondrosarcomas may provide insight into the etiology of these specific disease subtypes and possible alternative treatment strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to genetically characterize this subset of rare tumors. Using array CGH, we gathered genomic information of 30 rare cartilaginous tumors. In addition, we constructed tissue microarrays with 2 mm cores of 23 clear cell, 23 mesenchymal, and 45 dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, in triplicate. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated expression of R132H IDH1, and p53 and retinoblastoma pathways. Results were verified and further investigated with a methylation assay and MLPA for CDKN2A/p16, and IDH1/2, and TP53 mutation analysis. Array-CGH showed numerous genomic alterations in all subtypes. However, only a limited number of recurrent alterations were detected, none of which seemed to be associated with the subtypes. The IDH1/2, p53, and retinoblastoma pathways were affected in 0, 9, and 95% of clear cell chondrosarcomas, in 0, 39, and 70% in mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, and in 50, 59, and 85% of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, respectively. Our results suggest an important role for the retinoblastoma pathway in all three rare chondrosarcoma subtypes investigated.
Development of a Triplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Toxin Genes in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2005)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes is an emerging pathogen. A novel real-time PCR assay for identification of MRSA isolates containing PVL was developed. The PVL assay was used in a triplex format allowing simultaneous amplification of mecA, nuc, and PVL genes in 614 clinical isolates. This assay facilitates the rapid identification of PVL-positive isolates of MRSA.
Characterization and Stabilization of Metastable Tetragonal ZrO 2 (1974)

Fine single‐domain and polydomain particles of tetragonal ZrO 2 were prepared by hydrothermal and heat treatment of ZrO 2 · n H 2 O. The particles were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, mass spectrometry, and ir spectroscopy. The main impurity in the samples was 1 to 2 wt% OH − ions, most of which were concentrated on the particle surfaces or at domain boundaries; some were also distributed in the lattice. Fine single‐domain tetragonal particles were strain‐free, but polydomain particles had large strains. The single‐domain tetragonal particles were transformed much more easily than the polydomain particles by mechanical treatment. The stablization of metastable tetragonal ZrO 2 cannot be explained adequately by the surface‐energy theory. An explanation based on the concept of a martensitic transformation may be more reasonable.
DIACETYLENE: PREPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM (1958)

Diacetylene was prepared by the reaction of 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne with sodium hydroxide. Three modifications of procedure were tried to determine which gave the highest yield and purest product. Evidence that the by-product is 2-chloro-2-butene-3-yne is presented. Several methods for purifying the diacetylene were investigated. The ultraviolet spectrum with molar extinction coefficients is given.
Reactions of Furo[2,3-b]pyrrole and Furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-Type Aldehydes (1999)

The synthesis of methyl 2-formyl-6-(methoxymethyl)furo[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylate ( 1d ) is described. The reactions of methyl 2-formylfuro[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 1a - 1d with malononitrile afforded methyl 2-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)furo[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 3a - 3d , with methyl cyanoacetate methyl 2-[2-cyano-2-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl]furo[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 4a - 4d and with 2-furylacetonitrile methyl 2-[2-cyano-2-(2-furyl)vinyl]furo[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 5a - 5d . Compounds 1b - 1d and methyl azidoacetate gave the appropriate vinylazides 6b - 6d , which were used for preparation of substituted furo[2,3- b :4,5- b ']dipyrroles 7b - 7d . Reactivity of furo[2,3- b ]pyrrole aldehydes 1a - 1d and furo[3,2- b ]pyrrole aldehydes 2a - 2c in their reactions with 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione is compared. The prepared methyl 2-[bis(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexyl)methylfuro[2,3- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylates 8a - 8d and their isomers 10a - 10c cyclized into substituted octahydroxanthenes 9a - 9d and 11a - 11c , respectively. Methyl 4-benzyl-2- [(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)methyl]furo[3,2- b ]pyrrole-5-carboxylate ( 12 ) was prepared using microwave irradiations.
A Study of User Model Based Link Annotation in Educational Hypermedia (1998)

Abstract: Adaptive link annotation is a new direction within the field of user-model based interfaces. It is a specific technique in Adaptive Navigation Support (ANS) whose aim is to help users find an appropriate path in a learning and information space by adapting link presentation to the goals, knowledge, and other characteristics of an individual user. More specifically, ANS has been implemented on the WWW in the InterBook system as link annotation indicating several states such as visited, ready to be learned, or not ready to be learned. These states represent an expert’s suggested path for an individual user through a learning space according to both a history-based (tracking where the user has been), and a prerequisite based (indexing of content as a set of domain model concepts) annotation. This particular process has been more fully described elsewhere [Brusilovsky, Eklund &amp;amp; Schwarz 1998]. This paper details results from an investigation to determine the effectiveness of usermodel based link annotation, in a real-world teaching and learning context, on learning outcomes for a group of twenty-five second year education students in their study of databases and spreadsheets. Using sections of a textbook on ClarisWorks databases and spreadsheets,
Reversal of diabetes in non‐immunosuppressed rhesus macaques by intraportal porcine islet xenografts precedes acute cellular rejection (2004)

Pig-to-primate intraportal islet xenografts reverse diabetes and the majority of intraportally transplanted xenogeneic islets are not subject to hyperacute rejection. They undergo acute cellular rejection mediated by CD4+- and CD8+ T cells and macrophages.
Noninvasive Targeted Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activation in a Murine Model of Postinfarction Remodeling (2005)

This novel noninvasive targeted MMP radiotracer imaging approach holds significant diagnostic potential for in vivo localization of MMP activation and tracking of MMP-mediated post-MI remodeling.
Control of misincorporation of serine for asparagine during antibody production using CHO cells (2010)

A recombinant monoclonal antibody produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell fed-batch culture was found to have amino acid sequence misincorporation upon analysis by intact mass and peptide mapping mass spectrometry. A detailed analysis revealed multiple sites for asparagine were being randomly substituted by serine, pointing to mistranslation as the likely source. Results from time-course analysis of cell culture suggest that misincorporation was occurring midway through the fed-batch process and was correlated to asparagine reduction to below detectable levels in the culture. Separate shake flask experiments were carried out that confirmed starvation of asparagine and not excess of serine in the medium as the root cause of the phenomenon. Reduction in serine concentration under asparagine starvation conditions helped reduce extent of misincorporation. Supplementation with glutamine also helped reduce extent of misincorporation. Maintenance of asparagine at low levels in 2 L bench-scale culture via controlled supplementation of asparagine-containing feed eliminated the occurrence of misincorporation. This strategy was implemented in a clinical manufacturing process and scaled up successfully to the 200 and 2,000 L bioreactor scales.
Inhibition of aromatase expression by a psoralen‐linked triplex‐forming oligonucleotide targeted to a coding sequence (1995)

The cytochrome P450 enzyme aromatase (P450arom) is an important target in breast cancer treatment. We have designed a 20-base pyrimidine oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) which forms a sequence-specific triple helix (triplex) with a purine-rich tract in the P450arom coding sequence. The psoralen-linked ODN (Pso20T) formed photo-induced cross-linked products with target double-stranded DNA. Cross-linked adducts formed in vitro between ODNs and P450arom expression constructs were used to transfect COS and human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Levels of aromatase transcripts and enzyme activity were significantly lower in cultures transfected with Pso20T-treated cDNA relative to controls. Pso20T had a lesser inhibitory effect on aromatase expression from a mutant P450arom construct, consistent with predicted effects of the mutations on triplex formation. These results are compatible with triplex-mediated interruption of transcription within intact cells.