gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective Levels of Diphtheria-Neutralizing Antibody Induced in Healthy Volunteers by Unilateral Priming-Boosting Intranasal Immunization Associated with Restricted Ipsilateral Mucosal Secretory Immunoglobulin A (2003)

Subunit intranasal vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. However, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. Using the genetically inactivated mutant diphtheria toxoid CRM(197) in a bioadhesive polycationic polysaccharide chitosan delivery system, we found that a single nasal immunization was well tolerated and boosted antitoxin neutralizing activity in healthy volunteers, which could be further boosted by a second immunization. The neutralizing activity far exceeded accepted protective levels and was equivalent to that induced by standard intramuscular vaccine and significantly greater than intranasal immunization with CRM(197) in the absence of chitosan. A striking but unexpected observation was that although unilateral intranasal immunization induced circulating antitoxin antibody-secreting cells, a nasal antitoxin sIgA response was seen only after the second immunization and only in the vaccinated nostril. If these data are reproduced in larger studies, an intranasal diphtheria vaccine based on CRM(197)-chitosan could be rapidly licensed for human use. However, a restricted sIgA response suggests that care must be taken in the priming-boosting strategy and clinical sampling techniques when evaluating such vaccines for the induction of local mucosal immunity.
Combination of biotransformation and chromatography for the isolation and purification of mannoheptulose (2007)

Mannoheptulose is a seven-carbon sugar. It is an inhibitor of glucose-induced insulin secretion due to its ability to selectively inhibit the enzyme glucokinase. An improved procedure for mannoheptulose isolation from avocados is described in this study (based upon the original method by La Forge). The study focuses on the combination of biotransformation and downstream processing (preparative chromatography) as an efficient method to produce a pure extract of mannoheptulose. The experiments were divided into two major phases. In the first phase, several methods and parameters were compared to optimize the mannoheptulose extraction with respect to efficiency and purity. In the second phase, a mass balance of mannoheptulose over the whole extraction process was undertaken to estimate the yield and efficiency of the total extraction process. The combination of biotransformation and preparative chromatography allowed the production of a pure mannoheptulose extract. In a biological test, the sugar inhibited the glucokinase enzyme activity efficiently.
Serine/threonine kinase receptors: mediators of transforming growth factor beta family signals. (1996)

TGF beta represents the largest and most versatile cytokine family known in metazoans. The recent identification of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases as TGF beta family receptors represents a major milestone towards understanding how these factors elicit their varied responses. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests a general model for the mechanism of activation of these receptors. In this model, the ligand acts as an adaptor, bringing a primary receptor kinase in contact with a second kinase, which becomes phosphorylated and thereby competent to propagate the signal to downstream components. Such a kinase cascade on the membrane defines a new variation in signal transduction. Although many details of this mechanism remain to be clarified, its combinatorial capacity may explain the multifunctional nature of its ligands. Several key genes have been identified whose regulation by these signals mediates cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest. This field is advancing at a fast pace, and the identity of components that carry the receptor signals to these genes should soon be unveiled. It is expected that these advances, as they unfold, will in turn clarify the role of miscreant TGF beta signalling in human diseases, cancer included.
Thrombin receptor-activating peptides differentially stimulate platelet-derived growth factor production, monocytic cell adhesion, and E-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (1994)

Recent studies have shown that the synthetic peptides SFL LRN and SFL LRN PND KYEPF (thrombin receptor-activating peptides (TRAP)) derived from the deduced sequence of the new amino terminus of the cleaved thrombin receptor can mimic thrombin receptor activation, act as full agonists for platelet activation, and induce prostaglandin I2 production as well as cytosolic Ca2+ increase in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Here, we have compared the ability of these synthetic peptide ligands and thrombin to stimulate platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) production by, and monocyte adhesion to, HUVEC. Thrombin (50 units/ml) and TRAP (25 microM) maximally stimulated monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, the stimulation of E-selectin cell surface expression and the steady-state E-selectin mRNA levels by thrombin and TRAP were comparable. Thrombin (50 units/ml) stimulated PDGF production 400% above the basal level in 24 h, whereas the 6-mer and 14-mer TRAP, even at 200 microM, did not significantly stimulate PDGF production. Northern analysis, however, revealed that TRAP at 100 microM stimulated PDGF-A and -B chain mRNA expression to a level similar to that induced by thrombin. These results suggest that activation of cell signaling by TRAP can mimic thrombin and is sufficient for the stimulation of monocyte adhesion to HUVEC; however, thrombin-stimulated PDGF production by HUVEC may require mechanisms in addition to the signaling events initiated by TRAP or may require the participation of a novel thrombin receptor.
The internationalisation of capital markets and the regulatory response (1992)

Regulatory response to internationalization of capital markets reconciling national and international concerns in regulation of global capital markets international trade in banking services banking competition regulation regulating banks' securities activities international corporate finance and the challenge of creative compliance financial regulation - the contribution of the theory of finance comparing the performance of stock exchange trading systems competition between investment exchanges international regulatory co-ordination of banking.
El sometimiento del cacique de Port de Paix (Haití) a los Reyes Católicos en el primer viaje de Cristóbal Colón (diciembre de 1492) (1989)

Si tenemos en cuenta lo que la Corona y Colon esperaban hallar al termino de la navegacion atlantica, es logico que el objetivo mas perseguido por este durante su periplo antillano fuese el de entrevistarse con el Gran Can, o al menos localizar a sus representantes o en su defecto a potentes senores naturales, aliados o enemigos del Gran Senor del Oriente; por ello no puede resultar extrano que, ante tan gran objetivo, no considerase oportuno trabar lazos con las unidades sociopoliticas antillanas que iba encontrando en su navegar, cuya existencia incluso silencio en su Diarto. Pero esta linea de actuacion no podia mantenerse indefinidamente, sobre todo cuando el tiempo acucio y siguio sin aparecer ningun elemento que h iblase de Asia; ante tal hecho, Colon no tuvo mas remedio que aceptar 1: realidad sociopolitica de aquellas gentes y, basandose en ella, intentar a~ scribirlas a la corona de los Reyes Catolicos, para lo cual utilizo el modelo empleado en las tierras canarias. De el, entre otros investigadores, se ocupo Antonio Rumeu de Armas, en su obra La polulca indigenista de Isabel La Catolica, donde indica que a principios de los anos 90 del siglo XV, cuando se iba a iniciar la conquista de la Palma y Tenerife, seguia en pie la linea marcada por Isabel 1 en su declaracion de 20 de septiembre de 1477, que fue matizada por la real cedula dada en Toledo en diciembre de 1479 en la que se declaraba «que los [indigenas] que por la predicacion non se quisieran convertir, fuesen conquistados por fuerza de armas» (Rumeu, 1969, p. 52), sistema de adscripcion que tambien podia utilizarse silos islenos no quisIesen somewrse voluntariamente a su soberania. Bajo estas premisas se ha-
System-level power optimization (1999)

Article Free Access Share on System-level power optimization: techniques and tools Authors: Luca Benini Universitá di Bologna, Dip. Elettronica Informatica Sistemistica Bologna, Italy 40136 Universitá di Bologna, Dip. Elettronica Informatica Sistemistica Bologna, Italy 40136View Profile , Giovanni De Micheli Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CA Stanford University, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '99: Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and designAugust 1999 Pages 288–293https://doi.org/10.1145/313817.313957Published:17 August 1999Publication History 46citation847DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads847Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Intracranial Hypertension in Acute Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Basis of Rational Management (2003)

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Conventional methods of ammonia reduction such as the use of lactulose do not improve outcome, and metabolic substrates such as L-ornithine L aspartate may offer more promise. Mannitol remains the mainstay of therapy. An important role for cerebral hyperemia in the pathogenesis of increased ICP has led to a reevaluation of established therapies such as hyperventilation, N-acetylcysteine, thiopentone sodium, and propofol. Recent studies have focused on the role of systemic inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of increased ICP and support the use of antibiotics prophylactically. Moderate hypothermia reduces ICP in patients with uncontrolled intracranial hypertension and prevents increases in ICP during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Advances in understanding the pathophysiological basis of intracranial hypertension in ALF have outstripped appropriate testing of the newly generated ideas in appropriate clinical trials, and more effort should be mounted at a national level to organize the appropriate multicenter studies required.
Clinical Exome Sequencing for Genetic Identification of Rare Mendelian Disorders (2014)

In this sample of patients with undiagnosed, suspected genetic conditions, trio-CES was associated with higher molecular diagnostic yield than proband-CES or traditional molecular diagnostic methods. Additional studies designed to validate these findings and to explore the effect of this approach on clinical and economic outcomes are warranted.
Single Tyrosine Mutation in AAV8 and AAV9 Capsids Is Insufficient to Enhance Gene Delivery to Skeletal Muscle and Heart (2012)

Site-directed mutations of tyrosine (Y) to phenylalanine (F) on the surface of adeno-associated viral (AAV) capsids have been reported as a simple method to greatly enhance gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether the Y-to-F mutation could also enhance AAV8 and AAV9 gene transfer in skeletal muscle and heart to facilitate muscular dystrophy gene therapy, we investigated four capsid mutants of AAV8 (Y447F or Y733F) and AAV9 (Y446F or Y731F). The mutants and their wild-type control AAV8 and AAV9 capsids were used to package reporter genes (luciferase or β-galactosidase) resulting in similar vector yields. To evaluate gene delivery efficiencies, especially in muscle and heart, the vectors were compared side by side in a series of experiments in vivo in two different strains of mice, the outbred ICR and the inbred C57BL/6. Because AAV8 and AAV9 are among the most effective in systemic gene delivery, we first examined the mutant and wild-type vectors in neonatal mice by intraperitoneal injection, or in adult mice by intravenous injection. To our surprise, no statistically significant differences in transgene expression were observed between the mutant and wild-type vectors, regardless of the reporter genes, vector doses, and the ages and strains of mice used. In addition, quantitative analyses of vector DNA copy number in various tissues from mice treated with mutant and wild-type vectors also showed similar results. Finally, direct intramuscular injection of the above-described vectors with the luciferase gene into the hind limb muscles revealed the same levels of gene expression between mutant and wild-type vectors. Our results thus demonstrate that a single mutation of Y447F or Y733F on capsids of AAV8, and of Y446F or Y731F on AAV9, is insufficient to enhance gene delivery to the skeletal muscle and heart.
Diacylglycerol Kinases (DGKs): Novel Targets for Improving T Cell Activity in Cancer (2016)

Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of diacylglycerol (DAG). Two isoforms of DGK, DGKα, and DGKζ, specifically regulate the pool of DAG that is generated as a second messenger after stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). Deletion of either isoform in mouse models results in T cells bearing a hyperresponsive phenotype and enhanced T cell activity against malignancy. Whereas, DGKζ appears to be the dominant isoform in T cells, rationale exists for targeting both isoforms individually or coordinately. Additional work is needed to rigorously identify the molecular changes that result from deletion of DGKs in order to understand how DAG contributes to T cell activation, the effect of DGK inhibition in human T cells, and to rationally develop combined immunotherapeutic strategies that target DGKs.
Dynamic routing with link state information in ADNS and future SATCOM network (2009)

A future satellite communications system is envisioned that will provide a number of enhancements over predecessor satellite communication systems. It will employ high capacity packet switched service in space, high rate circuits between terminals, and utilize Dynamic Bandwidth Resource Allocation which dynamically assigns resources to terminals based on current channel conditions and traffic demand. However, to realize these potential benefits, we must be able to integrate the future satellite network seamlessly with the existing communication networks. In this paper, we assess the impact of variable rate satellite links on the existing communication network and propose possible solutions to mitigate the adverse impact. With no awareness of the variable rate uplink in the future satellite network, the data routed by the existing user network into the satellite network may be dropped at the edge of the two different networks due to a rate mismatch, or conversely, the satellite links may be underutilized. Here, our proposed method will prevent significant packet drop and make more efficient use of available links by dynamically rerouting traffic based on the real-time link capacity of the satellite network.
Power system transient stability design using reachability based stability-region computation (2005)

This paper presents a reachability based method to compute the stability region of a stable equilibrium point and uses it to design controls for transient stability of power systems. First, a Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) partial differential equation (PDF) is obtained for the propagation of the backward reachability set of a nonlinear system. This computation when used to obtain the backward reachable set of a stable equilibrium point yields its stability region. Using the stability regions of various discrete controls (also called modes) transient stability design is performed. For example the effectiveness of a control can be verified by checking whether a post-fault initial state is in the stability region of the system with that control switched on. We illustrate our method by applying it to a single-machine infinite-bus system equipped with series and shunt capacitive compensation.
New healthcare society supported by wearable sensors and information mapping-based services (2011)

Collecting and analysing various personal biological and environmental sensing data is important for various medical services, for example, lifestyle self-check support, personalised medical support and medical studies for the public purpose. We propose a physiological and environmental information processing platform based on wearable sensors, for services to countermeasure to metabolic syndrome, and such lifestyle-related disease. We aim to deploy the proposed platform in five to ten years. In this paper, firstly we identify issues of daily healthcare support system. Then, we present the initiative of our research, which is composed by a unified health-related information processing platform, wearable sensors for lifestyle information collection, and flexible application architecture for development of new kind of healthcare services that offer merits to both patients and service providers.
Postsurgical Pathology Reporting of Thyroid Cancer in New South Wales, Australia (2012)

Postsurgical pathology reporting of differentiated thyroid cancer in NSW was found to be far from complete, with 64% of reports missing information on at least one feature that is considered internationally to be a critical factor in the prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer patients. Synoptic reporting reduces the number of key features missing from pathology reports.
The Impact of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose on Renal Function: An Analysis of the FAIR-HF Study (2015)

Treatment of iron deficiency in CHF patients with i.v. FCM was associated with an improvement in renal function. FCM therapy was effective and safe in CHF patients with renal dysfunction.
Location and Chemical Synthesis of a Pre-S Gene Coded Immunodominant Epitope of Hepatitis B Virus (1984)

Immunodominant, disulfide-bond independent epitopes recognized by human antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are located within the 55-residue amino terminal portion (coded for by the pre-S region of HBV DNA) of minor HBV envelope components larger than the major protein constituents encoded by the S gene. A peptide having the sequence of the first 26 amino acids from the amino terminal methionine was synthesized and elicited antibodies (at dilutions of greater than or equal to 1 to 10(5) ) to the HBV envelope. These antibodies can be utilized for diagnostic tests. The immunogenicity of the peptide was substantially increased by covalent attachment to liposomes. The disulfide bond-independent determinants on sequences coded for by the pre-S gene may be more easily mimicked by peptide analogs than "conformational" determinants on the S-gene product.
Relationship between T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors. II. Common antigenic determinants and epitope recognition shared by T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors. (1989)

The T cell hybridomas 231F1 and 12H5 constitutively secrete glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) and glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF), respectively, which lack affinity for OVA-coupled Sepharose. When the 231F1 and 12H5 cells were stimulated by OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages, however, GIF and GEF produced by the cells had affinity for OVA. Both the OVA-binding GIF from the 231F1 cells and OVA-binding GEF from the 12H5 cells bound to a mAb against TCR-alpha beta and a mAb against TCR-alpha, suggesting a serologic relationship between TCR and OVA-binding factors. However, the OVA-binding GIF and GEF bound to mAb 14-12 and 14-30, respectively. Because these mAb do not bind TcR alpha beta-chains, it appears that the Ag-binding factors are different from TCR itself. The OVA-binding factors from both 12H5 cells and 231F1 cells do not bind to urea-denatured OVA. The binding of the factors to OVA Sepharose was inhibited by a peptide corresponding to residues 307-317 (P307-317) in the native OVA, but not by the peptide corresponding to residues 323-339 (P323-339). Furthermore, the OVA-binding factors bound to P306-319-coupled Sepharose but not to P323-339-coupled Sepharose, and were recovered by elution of the former Sepharose at acid pH. The binding of OVA to anti-OVA antibodies was not inhibited by either peptide. Inasmuch as the 231F1 cells and 12H5 cells can be stimulated by P307-317 in the context of a MHC product, it appears that the Ag-binding factors and TCR-alpha beta on the cell sources of the factors may recognize the same epitope in the OVA molecules. The results also showed that Ag-binding factors and antibodies recognize distinct epitopes in the Ag molecules.
Isolation and properties of acyl carrier protein phosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli (1990)

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) phosphodiesterase of Escherichia coli catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the 4'-phosphopantetheine residue from ACP, with the generation of apo-ACP (P. R. Vagelos and A. R. Larrabee, J. Biol. Chem. 242:1776-1781, 1967). Although it has been postulated to play a role in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, presently available evidence makes this unlikely, and its physiological function requires further investigation. We have now purified the enzyme from E. coli more than 3,000-fold and have identified it as a protein of Mr 25,000, as judged from its migration during electrophoresis in gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme has remarkable thermostability, being protected against irreversible inactivation at 90 degrees C by the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A partial sequence of the amino terminus of the enzyme is as follows: H2N-Ser-Lys-Val-Leu-Val-Leu-Lys-Ser-?-Ile-Leu-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Ser-. Other properties of the enzyme are also described.
Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion to Type I Collagen Fibrils (2004)

In the integrin family, the collagen receptors form a structurally and functionally distinct subgroup. Two members of this subgroup, alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) integrins, are known to bind to monomeric form of type I collagen. However, in tissues type I collagen monomers are organized into large fibrils immediately after they are released from cells. Here, we studied collagen fibril recognition by integrins. By an immunoelectron microscopy method we showed that integrin alpha(2)I domain is able to bind to classical D-banded type I collagen fibrils. However, according to the solid phase binding assay, the collagen fibril formation appeared to reduce integrin alpha(1)I and alpha(2)I domain avidity to collagen and to lower the number of putative alphaI domain binding sites on it. Respectively, cellular alpha(1)beta(1) integrin was able to mediate cell spreading significantly better on monomeric than on fibrillar type I collagen matrix, whereas alpha(2)beta(1) integrin appeared still to facilitate both cell spreading on fibrillar type I collagen matrix and also the contraction of fibrillar type I collagen gel. Additionally, alpha(2)beta(1) integrin promoted the integrin-mediated formation of long cellular projections typically induced by fibrillar collagen. Thus, these findings suggest that alpha(2)beta(1) integrin is a functional cellular receptor for type I collagen fibrils, whereas alpha(1)beta(1) integrin may only effectively bind type I collagen monomers. Furthermore, when the effect of soluble alphaI domains on type I collagen fibril formation was tested in vitro, the observations suggest that integrin type collagen receptors might guide or even promote pericellular collagen fibrillogenesis.