gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the Epstein-Barr virus and C3dg binding sites to a common domain on complement receptor type 2. (1989)

Complement receptor type 2 (CR2;CD21), a member of the superfamily of proteins containing short consensus repeats (SCRs), is the B cell receptor for both the gp350/220 envelope protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and for the C3dg protein of complement. By analysis of CR2 deletion mutants and chimeras formed with CR1 (CD35) we determined that of the 15 SCRs in CR2, the NH2-terminal two SCRs are necessary and sufficient to bind both gp350/220 and C3dg with affinities equivalent to those of the wild-type receptor. The epitope for OKB-7, a mAb that blocks binding of both EBV and C3dg and shares with these ligands B cell-activating capabilities, also requires both SCR-1 and SCR-2, whereas mAbs lacking these functions bind to other SCRs. Thus, EBV, a polyclonal activator of B cells, has selected a site that is proximate or identical to the natural ligand binding site in CR2, perhaps reflecting the relative immutability of that site as well as its signal transducing function.
PH motifs in PAR1&2 endow breast cancer growth (2015)

Although emerging roles of protease-activated receptor1&2 (PAR1&2) in cancer are recognized, their underlying signalling events are poorly understood. Here we show signal-binding motifs in PAR1&2 that are critical for breast cancer growth. This occurs via the association of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain with Akt/PKB as a key signalling event of PARs. Other PH-domain signal-proteins such as Etk/Bmx and Vav3 also associate with PAR1 and PAR2 through their PH domains. PAR1 and PAR2 bind with priority to Etk/Bmx. A point mutation in PAR2, H349A, but not in R352A, abrogates PH-protein association and is sufficient to markedly reduce PAR2-instigated breast tumour growth in vivo and placental extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion in vitro. Similarly, the PAR1 mutant hPar1-7A, which is unable to bind the PH domain, reduces mammary tumours and EVT invasion, endowing these motifs with physiological significance and underscoring the importance of these previously unknown PAR1 and PAR2 PH-domain-binding motifs in both pathological and physiological invasion processes.
Drag reduction in solid‐fluid systems (1975)

Abstract Pressure drop measurements were made on a variety of dilute solid‐liquid suspension systems in order to study the effects of particle shape and size, concentration, fluid viscosity, and tube diameter on friction factor. The central objective was to determine under what conditions drag reduction would occur.
Influence of seed roasting process on the changes in composition and quality of sesame (Sesame indicum) oil (1990)

Abstract The composition and quality changes of sesame oils prepared at different roasting temperatures (180–260°C) from sesame seed were evaluated and compared with an unroasted oil sample. There were no apparent differences in characteristics, such as acid value, iodine value, saponification value and refractive index, of sesame oils prepared at a roasting temperature between 180 and 220°C. The colour units and total polar content of oils increased in relation to an increase in roasting temperature. The phospholipid content was reduced from 690 mg kg −1 in unroasted oil to 0 mg kg −1 in the oil prepared using a 260°C roasting temperature. The fatty acid content of the oil was reduced markedly, especially in oleic and linoleic acids, when the roasting temperature was over 220°C. The amounts of chlorophyll and sesamolin decreased with increasing roasting temperature. However, the highest level of sesamol and γ‐tocopherol was found in oils prepared with a 200–220°C roasting temperature. The sesame oil prepared at a 200°C roasting temperature had the best flavour score when compared with the other samples.
DensePose: Dense Human Pose Estimation in the Wild (2018)

In this work we establish dense correspondences between an RGB image and a surface-based representation of the human body, a task we refer to as dense human pose estimation. We gather dense correspondences for 50K persons appearing in the COCO dataset by introducing an efficient annotation pipeline. We then use our dataset to train CNN-based systems that deliver dense correspondence 'in the wild', namely in the presence of background, occlusions and scale variations. We improve our training set's effectiveness by training an inpainting network that can fill in missing ground truth values and report improvements with respect to the best results that would be achievable in the past. We experiment with fully-convolutional networks and region-based models and observe a superiority of the latter. We further improve accuracy through cascading, obtaining a system that delivers highly-accurate results at multiple frames per second on a single gpu. Supplementary materials, data, code, and videos are provided on the project page http://densepose.org.
Operations, Orbit Determination, and Formation Control of the AeroCube-4 CubeSats (2013)

Three satellites of the AeroCube-4 series built by The Aerospace Corporation were launched in September 2012 from Vandenberg Air Force Base. These satellites were each equipped with an on-board GPS receiver that provided position measurements with a precision of 20 meters and enabled the generation of ephemerides with meter-level accuracy. Each AeroCube was also equipped with two extendable wings that altered the satellite’s cross-sectional area by a factor of three. In conjunction with the GPS measurements, high-precision orbit determination detected deliberate changes in the AeroCube’s drag profile via wing manipulation. The AeroCube operations team succeeded in using this variable drag to re-order the satellites’ in-track configuration. A differential cross-section was created by closing the wings of one satellite while the others’ remained open, and the relative in-track motion between two AeroCubes was reversed. Over the course of several weeks, the satellites’ in-track configuration was re-ordered, demonstrating the feasibility of CubeSat formation flight via differential drag.
Vaccination strategies to prevent genital herpes and neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. (2004)

Vaccination strategies to prevent genital and neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease have a history of apparent efficacy in animal studies followed by failure in clinical trials. Further study of the immune response induced by natural HSV infections in both adults and neonates will provide insight into the requirements for vaccination against acute disease and recurrences. Lessons can also be learnt from the recent partial success of a HSV-2 glycoprotein D vaccine coupled with monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant, which induced protection from clinical disease in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seronegative women. Its efficacy has been attributed to enhancement of Th-1 immunity by the adjuvant. Newer vaccine vectors including DNA vaccines, recombinant viral vaccines and specific HSV mutants are being developed but better animal models are required for more rapid progress. This review examines the history of HSV vaccine development, describes recent progress towards an effective prophylactic vaccine against HSV and outlines further improvements required to make current vaccines immunogenic to a wide population.
Molecular Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections among Children with Acute Respiratory Symptoms in a Community over Three Seasons (2005)

To study the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a community, children with acute respiratory symptoms at a pediatric outpatient clinic in Niigata, Japan, were analyzed over three seasons from November 2001 to July 2004. Of 499 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens, 185 (37.1%) were RSV positive, and only 8 (4.5%) of 177 patients were shown by the reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method to be reinfected. RSV infection occurred beginning in the early winter, and the rates declined in the spring. The predominant subgroup changed from A to B and returned to A over the three seasons. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed that multiple genotypes cocirculated each year, with genotype GA5 of subgroup A predominating in the 2001-2002 and the 2003-2004 seasons. A new genotype of subgroup B (named BA, according to the nomenclature for viruses) with a 60-nucleotide insertion in the second variable region of the attachment glycoportein protein was predominant as an emerging strain in the 2002-2003 season, but this was not associated with new epidemiological or clinical features, unlike the cases of disease caused by other genotypes in the other seasons. In conclusion, our molecular analysis of RSV confirms that multiple genotypes cocirculate each year and that the genotype predominating may shift with the season. Support for determination of the genotype by RT-PCR as an effective tool for characterization of RSV circulation patterns in the community is provided.
Release of Cuticle from Wool by Agitation in Solutions of Detergents (1988)

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the progressive disruption of Merino wool during the vigorous agitation of the fibres in aqueous 10J0 (w Iv) solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). In contrast to the general disruption observed when wool was vigorously agitated in formic acid, the cuticle was slowly stripped from the fibre with virtually no release of cortical material unless prolonged periods of agitation were used. A similar type of disruption took place in aqueous 10J0 (w Iv) solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) and Triton X-lOO. After the agitation in 10J0 (w/v) SDS solution, the released cuticle fragments and the remaining fibres were examined. Only a minority of the cell portions constituting the cuticle fragments had been cleaved within the endocuticle. Often, the fragments included portions from more than one cuticle cell, with the cell junctions still intact. An understanding of the disruptive process was facilitated by the frequent observation, on residual fibres, of low ridges on exposed underlying cuticle cells. These low ridges corresponded with the distal edges of the originally overlying cuticle cells. Amino-acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy performed on preparations of cuticle obtained in solutions of the above detergents and in formic acid indicated close similarities between all of the cuticle preparations.
Peripheral administration of nerve growth factor in the adult rat produces a thermal hyperalgesia that requires the presence of sympathetic post-ganglionic neurones (1995)

Previous evidence suggests that, in adult animals, nerve growth factor (NGF) can induce hyperalgesia, and may be an endogenous mediator in some persistent pain states. Here we have studied the effects of single intradermal injections of 50-500 ng of human recombinant NGF into the plantar skin of adult rat hindpaws. We found that doses of 250 ng and more produced a prolonged and stable thermal hyperalgesia to radiant heat. NGF did not produce overt pain behaviour as judged by the absence of paw licking or guarding of the injected paw. In animals subjected to surgical or chemical sympathectomy, by repeated systemic guanethidine treatments, the hyperalgesic effects of NGF were markedly reduced. We also found that NGF produced plasma extravasation in rat skin, using the Evan's blue method, with a dose dependency similar to that determined for hyperalgesia. Together, these findings suggest that NGF can lead to a rapid activation and sensitization of cutaneous nociceptors. However, these actions appear at least partly indirect, requiring the presence of normal sympathetic post-ganglionic terminals.
Living carbocationic polymerization. 48. Poly(isobutylene-b-methyl vinyl ether) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving carbocationic polymerization. 48. Poly(isobutylene-b-methyl vinyl ether)Tibor Pernecker, Joseph P. Kennedy, and Bela IvanCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 6, 1642–1647Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00032a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00032a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terahertz Microchip for Illicit Drug Detection (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> To accurately detect minute amounts of substances without disturbing the surroundings of target molecules has been a major goal in bioanalytical technology. Here by integrating an optoelectronic terahertz (THz) microsource into a glass-substrated microchip within the near-field distance, we demonstrate a compact, label-free, noninvasive, and sensitive microbiosensing system with low-power consumption. The demonstrated THz microchip allows us to locally specify various illicit drug powders with weights of nanograms, with a promising future for rapid identification of the static status or even the dynamics of various biomolecules. </para>
Sequential changes of extracellular matrix and proliferation of Ito cells with enhanced expression of desmin and actin in focal hepatic injury. (1986)

Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out on the properties of the cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in focal hepatic injuries. A liquid nitrogen-cooled syringe needle was thrust into the rat liver. Necrotic areas became permeated with plasma within 24-hour period. Areas became strongly positive for fibronectin and were infiltrated with inflammatory cells positive for lysozyme. By the third day, Ito cells were proliferated in the peripheral portions of the damaged areas. These Ito cells showed enhanced immunostaining for desmin and actin but were negative for lysozyme. Interstitial fibers which were immunochemically positive for Types I and IV collagens, laminin, and fibronectin, began to increase from Day 3. They appeared on the rim of the hepatocytes adjacent to the damaged areas and extended into the injured regions with the Ito cells. An increase in basal laminas associated with capillaries and bile ducts also increased with a 1-day delay. The damaged areas were replaced by granulation tissue by Day 5. A rapid diminution then occurred in the granulation tissue, and normal hepatic tissue was restored in 7-10 days. These observations demonstrate that ECM changed in a sequential manner and then finally disappeared from the damaged site within 10 days. Although various cells, including parenchymal cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and cholangiolar cells contributed to the healing of the damaged area, Ito cells, which exhibit unique phenotypic changes, presumably had a major role in the process.
Consensus Statement: Cardiovascular Safety Profile of Triptans (5‐HT 1B/1D Agonists) in the Acute Treatment of Migraine (2004)

(1) Most of the data on triptans are derived from patients without known coronary artery disease. (2) Chest symptoms occurring during use of triptans are generally nonserious and are not explained by ischemia. (3) The incidence of serious cardiovascular events with triptans in both clinical trials and clinical practice appears to be extremely low. (4) The cardiovascular risk-benefit profile of triptans favors their use in the absence of contraindications.
Low-Angle Microwave Propagation: Physics and Modeling (1991)

Part 1 The physics of propagation: propagation through the atmosphere reflections from the ground interaction between atmospheric and ground-reflected rays. Part 2 Modelling of propagation: the statistics of a single-frequency fading signal statistical modelling of the dispersive fading channel for digital radio systems statistical modelling of propagation diversity the question of predicting propagation outage in digital radio systems.
Polymeric waveguides with embedded micro-mirrors formed by Metallic Hard Mold (2009)

In this paper, we presented fabrication of nickel based metal mold with 45 degrees tilted surfaces on both ends of the channel waveguide through electroplating process. To obtain a precise 45 degrees tilted angle, a 50microm thick SU-8 layer was UV exposed under de-ionized water, with repeatable error control of 0.5 degrees . The polymeric waveguide array with 45 degrees micro-mirrors, which is formed by a UV imprinting method with the fabricated metallic mold, shows total insertion losses around 4dB, propagation loss around 0.18dB/cm and 75% coupling efficiency.
Tuftsin prevents the negative immunoregulation of neuropilin-1highCD4+CD25+Regulatory T cells and improves survival rate in septic mice (2016)

Our previous research showed that neuropilin (Nrp) -1highCD4+CD25+Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibited primary negative immunoregulation in sepsis induced immune dysfunction. Tuftsin is the typical ligand of Nrp-1. Herein, we investigated the potential therapeutic value and mechanisms of tuftsin in sepsis. Sepsis per se markedly decreased the serum concentration of tuftsin, administration of tuftsin improved the survival rate of septic mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In vitro study, tuftsin prevented the negative immunoregulation of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs, including weakening the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp)- 3/cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4, inhibiting the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and weakening the immunosuppressive function of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs to conventional CD4+CD25-T cells. Tuftsin markedly inhibited the demethylation of Foxp3-Tregs specific demethylated region (TSDR) of Nrp-1highCD4+CD25+Tregs. Tuftsin could represent a new potential therapeutic agentia to improve the outcome of septic mice, and associate with preventing the negative immunoregulation of Tregs via Nrp-1.
IMPROVED SHELF LIFE ESTIMATION OF UHT MILK BY PREDICTION OF PROTEOLYSIS (2011)

During growth in raw milk, many psychrotrophic bacteria produce proteases that can retain activity following ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment. In this study, casein and skim milk powder assays for detecting very low levels of protease in UHT milk were optimized, and the suitability of azocasein and fluorescein isothiocyanate-casein (FITC-casein) as substrates was investigated. The strongest correlations of protease activity with proteolysis in stored UHT milk were observed when FITC-casein was used as substrate in the assays. Assays using casein and FITC-casein as substrates yielded the highest activities. To determine sensitivity, crude protease was added at low concentrations to UHT milk, and the milk was assayed for progress of proteolysis over 12 months and for protease activity using the casein and FITC-casein assays. With long assay incubation times, the FITC-casein assay was more sensitive than the casein assay and may be suitable for detecting very low levels of protease activity and predicting progress of proteolysis in stored UHT whole milk.
Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease (2001)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality in persons with diabetes, and many factors, including hypertension, contribute to this high prevalence of CVD. Hypertension is approximately twice as frequent in patients with diabetes compared with patients without the disease. Conversely, recent data suggest that hypertensive persons are more predisposed to the development of diabetes than are normotensive persons. Furthermore, up to 75% of CVD in diabetes may be attributable to hypertension, leading to recommendations for more aggressive treatment (ie, reducing blood pressure to <130/85 mm Hg) in persons with coexistent diabetes and hypertension. Other important risk factors for CVD in these patients include the following: obesity, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperaggregability, coagulation abnormalities, and "diabetic cardiomyopathy." The cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes is a unique myopathic state that appears to be independent of macrovascular/microvascular disease and contributes significantly to CVD morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, especially those with coexistent hypertension. This update reviews the current knowledge regarding these risk factors and their treatment, with special emphasis on the cardiometabolic syndrome, hypertension, microalbuminuria, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This update also examines the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the increased risk for CVD in diabetic patients and the impact of interrupting this system on the development of clinical diabetes as well as CVD.
The IL-2/CD25 Pathway Determines Susceptibility to T1D in Humans and NOD Mice (2008)

Although the interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-2R signaling pathway has been the focus of numerous studies, certain aspects of its molecular regulation are not well characterized, especially in non-T cells, and a more complete understanding of the pathway is necessary to discern the functional basis of the genetic association between the IL-2-IL-21 and IL-2RA/CD25 gene regions and T1D in humans. Genetic variation in these regions may promote T1D susceptibility by influencing transcription and/or splicing and, hence, IL-2 and IL-2RA/CD25 expression at the protein level in different immune cell subsets; thus, there is a need to establish links between the genetic variation and immune cell phenotypes and functions in humans, which can be further investigated and validated in mouse models. The detection and characterization of genetically determined immunophenotypes should aid in elucidating disease mechanisms and may enable future monitoring of disease initiation and progression in prediabetic subjects and of responses to therapeutic intervention.
Force-detected magnetic resonance in a field gradient of 250 000 Tesla per meter (1998)

We report the detection of slice-selective electron spin resonance with an external magnetic field gradient comparable to local interatomic gradients, using the techniques of magnetic resonance force microscopy. An applied microwave field modulated the spin-gradient force between a paramagnetic DPPH sample and a micrometer-scale ferromagnetic tip on a force microscope cantilever. A sensitivity equivalent to 184 polarized electron moments in a one-Hertz detection bandwidth was attained. We mapped the tip magnetic field with a resonant slice thickness of order one nanometer, thereby demonstrating magnetic resonance on length scales comparable to molecular dimensions.