gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex cytokine profiling in patients with sepsis (2010)

A major goal for the clinical research in sepsis is mapping the various mediators driving the systemic manifestations of infection. Identifying relevant mediators responsible for the physiological alterations during sepsis may offer diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to explore the novel approach of simultaneously measuring several biomolecules using the multiplex technique and to study its relevance in diagnosing and monitoring septic patients. In 30 patients fulfilling American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine sepsis criteria, we simultaneously measured 17 cytokines during the first 7 days after admission. We analysed the results with respect to the presence of septic shock and survival. Five patients died during the study. We found a significant positive correlation between the monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β and interleukin (IL)-8 levels in the first 3 days and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score on day 1. Most cytokines showed no significant difference between patients with mild or severe sepsis. The initial levels of MIP-1β and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor were lower in patients with septic shock than in patients without shock. IL-8 and MCP-1 early after admission were higher in the non-survivors (p < 0.05). In the multivariate logistical regression, the initial levels of IL-8 were the most predictive for fatal outcome. Moreover, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, interferon-γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor-α exhibited persistent increases in non-survivors. The simultaneous evaluation of multiple cytokines in sepsis may identify complex cytokine patterns that reflect the systemic response associated with shock and mortality.
Human cytomegalovirus structural proteins (1994)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Relationships and development during adolescence: Interpersonal adaptation to individual change (1997)

Abstract Developmental perspectives on relationships address Processes of dyadic adaptation to normative changes in individuals. Relationships with parents and peers during adolescence are a microcosm of these continuous adaptations. Three key themes from research on relationships during adolescence are examined: changes in relative distance from, and connectedness to, different categories of relationship partners; the coexistence of continuity and change in relationships; and increasing differentiation and interrelation of relationships. Findings from studies of adolescent relationships (1) illustrate the potential value of normative perspectives on relationship properties and conditions and (2) underscore the need for further research on processes of relationship change. Particularly needed are testable formulations regarding the processes of relationship change and attention to interrelations among significant close relationships.
A Bifunctional Monomer Derived from Lactide for Toughening Polylactide (2008)

(6S)-3-Methylene-6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione was synthesized from L-lactide and used as the dienophile to prepare spiro[6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-3,2'-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]ene] via an exoselective and diastereofacial-selective Diels-Alder reaction. Polymerizations of this bifunctional lactide derivative were successfully carried out under ring-opening and ring-opening metathesis polymerization conditions to yield high molecular weight and high Tg polymers. We further demonstrated that by incorporating a small percentage of spiro[6-methyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-3,2'-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept[5]ene] into poly(1,5-cyclooctadiene) and copolymerizing it with DL-lactide, novel polymeric alloys of PLA can be created that have tremendous improvements in toughness over PLA and the corresponding binary blend of PLA and poly(1,5-cyclooctadiene).
Human Skin Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Harvesting Biomechanical Energy and as Self-Powered Active Tactile Sensor System (2013)

We report human skin based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) that can either harvest biomechanical energy or be utilized as a self-powered tactile sensor system for touch pad technology. We constructed a TENG utilizing the contact/separation between an area of human skin and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with a surface of micropyramid structures, which was attached to an ITO electrode that was grounded across a loading resistor. The fabricated TENG delivers an open-circuit voltage up to -1000 V, a short-circuit current density of 8 mA/m(2), and a power density of 500 mW/m(2) on a load of 100 MΩ, which can be used to directly drive tens of green light-emitting diodes. The working mechanism of the TENG is based on the charge transfer between the ITO electrode and ground via modulating the separation distance between the tribo-charged skin patch and PDMS film. Furthermore, the TENG has been used in designing an independently addressed matrix for tracking the location and pressure of human touch. The fabricated matrix has demonstrated its self-powered and high-resolution tactile sensing capabilities by recording the output voltage signals as a mapping figure, where the detection sensitivity of the pressure is about 0.29 ± 0.02 V/kPa and each pixel can have a size of 3 mm × 3 mm. The TENGs may have potential applications in human-machine interfacing, micro/nano-electromechanical systems, and touch pad technology.
Synthesis and Complete Stereochemical Assignment of Psymberin/Irciniastatin A (2005)

We describe a concise and flexible synthetic avenue for the preparation of compounds with structures relevant to those proposed for the novel marine-derived differential cytotoxins psymberin and irciniastatin A. Our efforts led to their complete stereochemical assignment and the notion that psymberin and irciniastatin A are identical compounds. Our total synthesis features an interesting termini-differentiating lactolization of a dialdehyde obtained from a C2-symmetrical bis-olefin precursor, a mild platinum-catalyzed hydrolysis of an epimerizable nitrile, a novel protocol to prepare sensitive methyl imidates, and a one-pot conversion of these imidates to N-acyl aminals. Starting from fragments 5-7 (prepared in 7-8 steps each, 30-49% overall yield) the synthesis of psymberin/irciniastatin A was completed in an additional 9 steps and 30% yield (17 steps longest linear sequence, 8.9% overall).
Elastic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoropes (1997)

Elastic properties of carbon nanotubes and nanoropes are investigated using an empirical force-constant model. For single and multiwall nanotubes the elastic moduli are shown to be insensitive to structural details such as the helicity, the radius, and the number of walls. The tensile Young's modulus and the torsion shear modulus of tubes are comparable to that of the diamond, while the bulk modulus is smaller. Nanoropes composed of single wall nanotubes have the ideal elastic properties of high tensile stiffness and light weight.
Vaccination and Protection of Pigs against Pleuropneumonia with a Vaccine Strain of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Produced by Site-Specific Mutagenesis of the ApxII Operon (1999)

The production of toxin (Apx)-neutralizing antibodies during infection plays a major role in the induction of protective immunity to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae reinfection. In the present study, the gene encoding the ApxII-activating protein, apxIIC, was insertionally inactivated on the chromosome of a serovar 7 strain, HS93. Expression of the structural toxin, ApxIIA, and of the two genes required for its secretion, apxIB and apxID, still occurs in this strain. The resulting mutant strain, HS93C- Ampr, was found to secrete the unactivated toxin. Pigs vaccinated with live HS93C- Ampr via the intranasal route were protected against a cross-serovar challenge with a virulent serovar 1 strain of A. pleuropneumoniae. This is the first reported vaccine strain of A. pleuropneumoniae which can be delivered live to pigs and offers cross-serovar protection against porcine pleuropneumonia.
A rail-to-rail input/output CMOS power amplifier (1990)

A rail-to-rail amplifier that maintains a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over the whole common-mode range and has a low harmonic distortion despite the use of relatively small output devices is discussed. The circuit, which measures only 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 3- μm technology, has a quiescent current consumption of 600 mu A and a CMRR larger than 55 dB. It handles up to 4 nF, and can, with a 5-V supply, drive 3.8 V/sub pp/ into 100 Omega (0.1% total harmonic distortion at 10 kHz).
Immunological Detection and Quantification of Oxidized Proteins by Labelling with Digoxigenin. (1998)

An immunological assay, based on the digoxigenin/anti-digoxigenin system, was developed to detect and quantify carbonyl moieties that result from oxidative damage to proteins. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was oxidized by a hydroxyl radical-generating system consisting of ascorbate/Fe(III)/O2. The resulting albumin-derived carbonyls were labelled with digoxigenin-hydrazide and detected by dot blotting with an anti-digoxigenin antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. Quantification was carried out by a densitometric analysis. This system allows the detection of a pmole-amount of carbonyl groups on blots. The assay covers a range of sensitivity from 1.26 to 126 pmoles. Another feature of this method is its application to a complex protein mixture (homogenate) to analyze the oxidative status of individual proteins, as are shown for intestinal brush border membrane homogenate of a rat.
Resources for the Long-Term Care Director of Nursing (1976)

Ruth Stryker, R.N., M.A., is assistant coordinator, Long-Term Care Administration Education, Program in Hospital and Health Care Administration at the University of Minnesota, and assistant professor at the university´s School of Public Health
Clinical Performance of Automatic Closed‐Loop Stimulation Systems (2003)

Inos pacemakers use contraction dynamics to regulate the pacing rate according to the Closed-Loop Stimulation (CLS) principle. The physician can program only the lower and upper rate limits, while the internal rate responsive parameters are continually adjusted to changing patient conditions. Seventy-two patients with sinus node disease were enrolled in the multicenter Rate Behavior of the Pacing System Inos (2) CLS during Daily Life (RAPID) study to evaluate the appropriateness of CLS rates during daily activities and the long-term stability of the system. The pacemakers clearly differentiated between climbing stairs, descending stairs, and slow walking, with the corresponding peak rates of 104 +/- 18, 95 +/- 15, and 88 +/- 11 beats/min, respectively (P < 0.001 for any pair of activities). The peak CLS rate during the color-word test was significantly higher than that at rest (80 +/- 8 vs 67 +/- 7 beats/min, P = 0.002). The 24-hour heart rate trends retrieved from the pacemaker memory at 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation appeared appropriate in all patients except for two whose pacing rates were occasionally too fast during the night. Mean diurnal and nocturnal rates determined at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month examinations fluctuated only slightly, from 74.6-75.3 beats/min (diurnal,P = NS) and from 67.0-68.1 beats/min (nocturnal,P = NS), indicating a satisfactory long-term stability of the system. The incidence of atrial pacing events during the entire follow-up was 82 +/- 18%. A 6.5-8.3 beats/min difference, on average, between day and night (P < 0.001)and distinction between different daily activities seem to evidence sensitivity of the automatic CLS-driven pacemakers to physiological demands despite minimum programming requirements.
Hyperbranched Polyglycerols: From the Controlled Synthesis of Biocompatible Polyether Polyols to Multipurpose Applications (2009)

Dendritic macromolecules with random branch-on-branch topology, termed hyperbranched polymers in the late 1980s, have a decided advantage over symmetrical dendrimers by virtue of typically being accessible in a one-step synthesis. Saving this synthetic effort once had an unfortunate consequence, though: hyperbranching polymerization used to result in a broad distribution of molecular weights (that is, very high polydispersities, often M(w)/M(n) > 5). By contrast, a typical dendrimer synthesis yields a single molecule (in other words, M(w)/M(n) = 1.0), albeit by a labor-intensive, multistep process. But 10 years ago, Sunder and colleagues reported the controlled synthesis of well-defined hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) via ring-opening multibranching polymerization (ROMBP) of glycidol. Since then, hyperbranched and polyfunctional polyethers with controlled molar mass and low polydispersities (M(w)/M(n) = 1.2-1.9) have been prepared, through various monomer addition protocols, by ROMBP. In this Account, we review the progress in the preparation and application of these uniquely versatile polyether polyols over the past decade. Hyperbranched PGs combine several remarkable features, including a highly flexible aliphatic polyether backbone, multiple hydrophilic groups, and excellent biocompatibility. Within the past decade, intense efforts have been directed at the optimization of synthetic procedures affording PG homo- and copolymers with different molecular weight characteristics and topology. Fundamental parameters of hyperbranched polymers include molar mass, polydispersity, degree of branching, and end-group functionality. Selected approaches for optimizing and tailoring these characteristics are presented and classified with respect to their application potential. Specific functionalization in the core and at the periphery of hyperbranched PG has been pursued to meet the growing demand for novel specialty materials in academia and industry. A variety of fascinating synthetic approaches now provide access to well-defined, complex macromolecular architectures based on polyether polyols with low polydispersity. For instance, a variety of linear-hyperbranched block copolymers has been reported. The inherent attributes of PG-based materials are useful for a number of individual implementation concepts, such as drug encapsulation or surface modification. The excellent biocompatibility of PG has also led to rapidly growing significance in biomedical applications, for example, bioconjugation with peptides, as well as surface attachment for the creation of protein-resistant surfaces.
Animal Model of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus (2003)

Animal models of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection are powerful tools for the investigation of the basic biology of immune responses and protective immunity. In particular, they model the induction and maintenance of Th2 type immune responses and exhibit all the requisite hallmarks of CD4 T cell-dependent IgE production, eosinophilia, mastocytosis, and mucus production. This chapter describes simple, cost-effective techniques for using and maintaining these easy-to-work-with parasites in the context of a modern laboratory.
Augmented reality and haptic interfaces for robot‐assisted surgery (2011)

The interoperable interface enables fast development and successful implementation of effective haptic feedback methods in teleoperation.
Online power-performance adaptation of multithreaded programs using hardware event-based prediction (2006)

With high-end systems featuring multicore/multithreaded processors and high component density, power-aware high-performance multithreading libraries become a critical element of the system software stack. Online power and performance adaptation of multithreaded code from within user-level runtime libraries is a relatively new and unexplored area of research. We present a user-level library framework for nearly optimal online adaptation of multithreaded codes for low-power, high-performance execution. Our framework operates by regulating concurrency and changing the processors/threads configuration as the program executes. It is innovative in that it uses fast, runtime performance prediction derived from hardware event-driven profiling, to select thread granularities that achieve nearly optimal energy-efficiency points. The use of predictors substantially reduces the runtime cost of granularity control and program adaptation. Our framework achieves performance and ED2 (energy-delay-squared) levels which are: i) comparable to or better than those of oracle-derived offline predictors; ii) significantly better than those of online predictors using exhaustive or localized linear search. The complete prediction and adaptation framework is implemented on a real multi-SMT system with Intel Hyperthreaded processors and embeds adaptation capabilities in OpenMP programs.
Degradation of 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol by a Pseudomonas sp. (1990)

A bacterium that assimilates 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol was isolated from soil by enrichment culture. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the taxonomic studies. The strain converted 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol to 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, releasing chloride ion. The conversion was stereospecific because the residual 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol and formed 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol gave optical rotation. The resting cells converted various halohydrins to the dehalogenated alcohols, and cell-free extracts had strong epoxyhydrolase activity. These results indicated that the strain assimilated 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol via 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, glycidol, and glycerol. The possibility to manufacture optically active 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol is discussed.
Disruption of microtubule assembly and spindle formation as a mechanism for the induction of aneuploid cells by sodium arsenite and vanadium pentoxide (1997)

Arsenic and vanadium are important environmental and industrial pollutants. Due to their widespread occurrence and potential genotoxicity, we studied the aneuploidy-inducing effects of these elements in cultured human lymphocytes using a variety of techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for chromosomes 1 and 7, immunostaining of the lymphocyte spindle apparatus, and an in vitro assay measuring the polymerization and depolymerization of tubulin. Dose-related increases in hyperdiploidy were seen in lymphocyte cultures treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) or vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) over concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 microM. NaAsO2-treated cells from different donors exhibited similar hyperdiploid frequencies, whereas substantial inter-individual variability was seen in the V2O5-treated cells. Examination of the spindle apparatus using an anti-beta-tubulin antibody indicated that these compounds might disrupt spindle formation by interacting with microtubules. Additional in vitro assays using purified tubulin indicated that both compounds inhibited microtubule assembly and induced tubulin depolymerization. These results indicate that in vitro exposure to both NaAsO2 and V2O5 can induce aneuploidy in human lymphocytes, and that this effect may occur through a disruption of microtubule function.
The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins (2011)

Increasing evidence supports a connection between cancer and metabolism and emphasizes the need to understand how tumors respond to the metabolic microenvironment and how tumor cell metabolism is regulated. The insulin receptor (IR) and its close family member the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediate the cellular response to insulin in normal cells and their function is tightly regulated to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These receptors are also expressed on tumor cells and their expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Understanding how the IR/IGF-1R pathway functions in tumors is increasing in importance as the efficacy of drugs that target metabolic pathways, such as metformin, are investigated in prospective clinical trials. This review will focus on key signaling intermediates of the IR and IGF-1R, the Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins, with an emphasis on IRS-2, and discuss how these adaptor proteins play a pivotal role at the intersection of metabolism and cancer.
Mitogenicity of DNA from different organisms for murine B cells (1997)

Recent evidence that DNA from bacteria causes polyclonal activation of mouse B cells raises the question of whether DNA from other organisms has similar properties. Extending prior studies on bacteria and insects, we show here that the capacity of DNA to stimulate B cells correlates closely with hypomethylation of DNA CpG dinucleotide motifs. Thus strong stimulation of B cells was seen with DNA from various organisms displaying little or no methylation of CpG motifs, i.e., yeast, nematodes, and molluscs in addition to bacteria and insects. For these organisms, DNA induced nearly all B cells (including small resting B cells) to up-regulate the activation marker, CD69, and caused many B cells to enter the cell cycle, indicative of polyclonal activation; this effect was not seen after selective methylation of CpG motifs (tested on yeast DNA). By contrast, no stimulation of B cells was seen with DNA from organisms whose CpG motifs are heavily methylated, i.e., various vertebrates (mammals, fish, and frogs) and plants (corn). Despite this correlation, DNA prepared from two murine cell lines exhibiting hypomethylation of CpG motifs caused little or no stimulation of B cells. Thus, the idea that the stimulatory properties of DNA correlate solely with the presence of unmethylated CpG motifs may be an oversimplification.
Stereotactic CT Scanning for the Biopsy of Intracranial Lesions and Functional Neurosurgery (1983)

This report describes a system for incorporation of stereotactic CT scanning data, stereotactic arteriographic data and a computer-generated stereotactic atlas into a three-dimensional matrix utilizing an operating room computer. 86 patients have undergone computer-assisted stereotactic biopsies of intracranial lesions without mortality or neurologic morbidity. Neuroablative and neuroaugmentative procedures have been performed on 5 patients using the CT stereotactic atlas with good correlation with target points determined by ventriculography and microelectrode recording.