gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemical control of yeast reductions. 1. Asymmetric synthesis of L-carnitine (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical control of yeast reductions. 1. Asymmetric synthesis of L-carnitineBing Nan Zhou, Aravamudan S. Gopalan, Frank VanMiddlesworth, Woan Ru Shieh, and Charles J. SihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 18, 5925–5926Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00356a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views890Altmetric-Citations297LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in 69 patients with a history of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1991)

Sixty-nine patients with a history of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in sensitive relapse or incomplete first remission underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). At ABMT, 51 patients had low-grade histology and 18 patients had a history of low-grade NHL that had undergone histologic transformation to a higher-grade NHL. Before ABMT, only 20 of the 51 low-grade patients and 10 of the 18 patients with transformed histologies were in complete remission. Moreover, at the time of marrow harvest, 24 of the low-grade and eight of the transformed histology patients had histologic evidence of lymphoma cells infiltrating the marrow. Following high-dose therapy, only one acute, in-hospital death was observed. There was no significant difference in the disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with low-grade and patients with transformed histologies. Among patients with low-grade NHL, the patients in complete remission before ABMT experienced significantly longer DFS than those in partial remission (P less than .05). This preliminary study suggests that some patients with relapsed low-grade NHL may experience prolonged DFS following high-dose ablative therapy.
Vision based 3-D shape sensing of flexible manipulators (2008)

Rigid robotic manipulators employ traditional sensors such as encoders or potentiometers to measure joint angles and determine end-effector position. Manipulators that are flexible, however, introduce motions that are much more difficult to measure. This is especially true for continuum manipulators that articulate by means of material compliance. In this paper, we present a vision based system for quantifying the 3-D shape of a flexible manipulator in real-time. The sensor system is validated for accuracy with known point measurements and for precision by estimating a known 3-D shape. We present two applications of the validated system relating to the open-loop control of a tendon driven continuum manipulator. In the first application, we present a new continuum manipulator model and use the sensor to quantify 3-D performance. In the second application, we use the shape sensor system for model parameter estimation in the absence of tendon tension information.
Host-Pathogen Interactions (1983)

Elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr., cv Wayne) cotyledons were released from soybean cell walls and from citrus pectin by partial acid hydrolysis. These two hydrolysates yielded nearly identical distributions of elicitor activity when fractionated on anion-exchange columns. Chromatography of the pectin elicitor on gel filtration and high-pressure anion-exchange columns did not further purify the elicitor. Elicitor activity of the preparation was lost by treatment with either endo-alpha-1,4-polygalacturonase or pectate lyase. Glycosyl residue compositions of the purified elicitors from cell walls and pectin were both found to be approximately 98% galacturonosyl residues. Linkage analysis of the pectin elicitor showed that most, if not all, of the galacturonosyl residues were alpha-1,4-linked. The high-mass molecular ions detected by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of the most active elicitor fractions from cell walls and pectin both corresponded precisely to a molecule composed of 12 galacturonosyl residues. These results suggest that dodeca-alpha-1,4-d-galacturonide is the active elicitor, but the possibility remains that the active component could be a slightly modified oligogalacturonide present, but not detected, in the purified fractions.
Expression of a tumor-associated gene, LASS2, in the human bladder carcinoma cell lines BIU-87, T24, EJ and EJ-M3 (2013)

Homo sapiens longevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2), a metastasis suppressor gene of human cancer, is the most abundantly expressed member of the ceramide synthase gene family. Expression of LASS2 has been reported in carcinomas of the prostate, liver and breast. However, there has been no report on the expression of LASS2 in human bladder cancer cell lines. In order to investigate the expression and potential role of this new tumor metastasis supressor gene in human bladder cancer, we compared the proliferation, metastasis and invasion among the BIU-87, T24, EJ and EJ-M3 human bladder cancer cell lines. The mRNA expression levels of the LASS2 gene were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression levels of LASS1 and LASS3 mRNA were used as references. The protein expression level of the LASS2 gene was detected using western blotting. The most aggressive of these four human cancer cell lines was observed to be EJ-M3. The expression of LASS2 mRNA was significantly correlated with diverse proliferation, metastasis and invasion. The expression levels of LASS1 and LASS3 mRNA were not correlated with these parameters. At the protein level, we observed that the more aggressive the cancer cell line, the lower the LASS2 protein expression level. Therefore, LASS2 expression may be correlated with the development and progression of human bladder cancer and may be a prognostic indicator for this cancer.
79 Au Gold‐Based Metallotherapeutics: Use and Potential (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Preamble The Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold Gold in Medicine Metabolism of Gold Drugs Pharmacological Potential of Gold Complexes Other Potential Clinical Applications of Au(I) Complexes Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgements References
JAKs, STATs and signal transduction in response to the interferons and other cytokines (1996)

The isolation and complementation of mutant human cell lines has established an essential role for the JAK (Janus kinase) family of protein tyrosine kinases and STAT (signal transduction and transcription) factors in the Interferon response pathways. Activation of STATs by JAKs occurs in receptor complexes at the cell membrane. Activated STATs form homo- or heterodimers and, with or without additional factors, migrate to the nucleus to initiate transcription. Different STAT combinations interact differentially with related DNA response elements. Signalling pathways of this novel type are likely utilized by a wide variety of polypeptide ligands. Data from the IL2, IL6 and IFN systems indicate a major role for the tyrosine phosphorylated receptor/JAK complexes (rather than substrate specificity of the JAKs per se) in STAT selection. The mutant cell lines lacking individual JAKs and STATs are being used together with kinase-negative JAK mutants which differentially affect the IFN-gamma, and IFN-alpha beta and IL-6 pathways in the further analysis of these and additional systems.
Interactions between sleep, stress, and metabolism: From physiological to pathological conditions (2015)

Poor sleep quality due to sleep disorders and sleep loss is highly prevalent in the modern society. Underlying mechanisms show that stress is involved in the relationship between sleep and metabolism through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are associated with maladaptive changes in the HPA axis, leading to neuroendocrine dysregulation. Excess of glucocorticoids increase glucose and insulin and decrease adiponectin levels. Thus, this review provides overall view of the relationship between sleep, stress, and metabolism from basic physiology to pathological conditions, highlighting effective treatments for metabolic disturbances.
Dimensional crossover and weak localization in a 90 nm n-GaAs thin film (2009)

We report on the magnetotransport in a 90 nm thick n-type GaAs epitaxial thin film in the weak localization (WL) regime. Low temperature (T</=50 K) magnetotransport data are fit with WL theory, from which the phase coherence time, tau(varphi) proportional, variantT(-p) (p=1.22+/-0.01), are extracted. We conclude that the dominant dephasing mechanism at these temperatures is electron-electron (e-e) scattering in the Nyquist limit. Evidence of a crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional behavior with respect to both coherent transport (WL) and e-e interactions is observed in the temperature dependence of the zero-field conductivity and tau(varphi), respectively.
Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism (1994)

Oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) renders bile unsaturated with cholesterol by reducing the hepatic output of cholesterol. Theoretically, several mechanisms may be of importance. In the present overview, the effect of treatment with UDCA on hepatic cholesterol metabolism is evaluated, in particular the influence on hepatic cholesterol synthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity, bile acid synthesis, 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol, and esterification of cholesterol--acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acetyltransferase (ACAT) activity. It is apparent that UDCA treatment does not inhibit the hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity. Neither is ACAT activity or the cholesteryl ester content changed by UDCA. The catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids is unaffected or slightly increased during administration of UDCA. It is concluded that a stimulated degradation of cholesterol to bile acids may partly explain the decrease in hepatic secretion of cholesterol obtained during UDCA administration. It is suggested that the reduction in cholesterol absorption from the intestine seen during UDCA therapy may also be of importance.
Functional genomics analysis of free fatty acid production under continuous phosphate limiting conditions (2016)

Free fatty acids (FFA) are an attractive platform chemical that serves as a functional intermediate in metabolic pathways for producing oleochemicals. Many groups have established strains of Escherichia coli capable of producing various chain-length mixtures of FFA by heterologous expression of acyl-ACP thioesterases. For example, high levels of dodecanoic acid are produced by an E. coli strain expressing the Umbellularia californica FatB2 thioesterase, BTE. Prior studies achieved high dodecanoic acid yields and productivities under phosphate-limiting media conditions. In an effort to understand the metabolic and physiological changes that led to increased FFA production, the transcriptome of this strain was assessed as a function of nutrient limitation and growth rate. FFA generation under phosphate limitation led to consistent changes in transporter expression, osmoregulation, and central metabolism. Guided by these results, targeted knockouts led to a further ~11 % in yield in FFA.
Prefigurative Design as a Method for Research Justice (2019)

While there is growing concern around justice and equity, they mean different things in different socio-political and cultural contexts. Additionally, it can be difficult to make sense of how to incorporate the more abstract concept of justice into our research practices. This paper discusses prefigurative design as a framework for more just research practices to challenge inequity, particularly in community-based collaborations. I draw from past fieldwork with activist organizations and radical organizing literature to explore opportunities for how to engage with justice as academics, identifying three main opportunities for intervention through research: social relationships, resource distribution, and counter-institutions. I offer these contributions in the spirit of generative critique, in hopes that other researchers with similar concerns will iterate on these practices to commit to more just and equitable scholarly impacts.
Effects of gastric pacing on canine gastric motility and emptying (1993)

Gastric pacing has been achieved in dogs and humans, but its effects on gastric motility and emptying have not been thoroughly explored. Seven dogs had bipolar electrodes placed 1 and 10 cm proximal to the pylorus for reverse and forward pacing and monopolar recording electrodes and strain gauges placed 3, 5, and 7 cm proximal to the pylorus. After recovery, myoelectrical and contractile activity and gastric emptying of a mixed meal (50 g 99mTc-labeled liver and 250 ml 111In-labeled 5% dextrose broth solution) were measured in each of three conditions: no pacing, reverse pacing, and forward pacing (frequency 0.5 cycles/min above intrinsic pacesetter potential frequency). Reverse pacing reversed the direction of > 90% of antral pacesetter potentials and peristaltic waves in six of seven dogs, prolonged the lag phase of solid emptying, prolonged the half emptying time of solids and liquids, and increased the antral motility index. Forward pacing entrained pacesetter potentials but had no consistent effect on emptying or antral contractions. In conclusion, reverse gastric pacing slows gastric emptying of digestible solids and liquids by reversing the direction of antral peristalsis and increasing the antral motility index, whereas forward pacing has no such effects.
Enhydrazine, 23. Bimolekulare Cyclisierung von 2‐(1‐Methylhydrazino)maleinsäure‐dimethylester (1979)

Abstract Kreuzungsversuche mit deuterierten Vertretern des Titelesters 1 zeigen, daß 5‐Hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐pyrazolcarbonsäure‐methylester (3) aus 1 in einer bimolekularen Reaktion über ein Zwischenprodukt der Konstitution B gebildet wird. Von B zu 3 wird da Methylhydrazon 4 des Oxalessingsäure‐dimethylesters durchlaufen.
Exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of learning in deep linear neural networks (2013)

Despite the widespread practical success of deep learning methods, our theoretical understanding of the dynamics of learning in deep neural networks remains quite sparse. We attempt to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of deep learning by systematically analyzing learning dynamics for the restricted case of deep linear neural networks. Despite the linearity of their input-output map, such networks have nonlinear gradient descent dynamics on weights that change with the addition of each new hidden layer. We show that deep linear networks exhibit nonlinear learning phenomena similar to those seen in simulations of nonlinear networks, including long plateaus followed by rapid transitions to lower error solutions, and faster convergence from greedy unsupervised pretraining initial conditions than from random initial conditions. We provide an analytical description of these phenomena by finding new exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of deep learning. Our theoretical analysis also reveals the surprising finding that as the depth of a network approaches infinity, learning speed can nevertheless remain finite: for a special class of initial conditions on the weights, very deep networks incur only a finite, depth independent, delay in learning speed relative to shallow networks. We show that, under certain conditions on the training data, unsupervised pretraining can find this special class of initial conditions, while scaled random Gaussian initializations cannot. We further exhibit a new class of random orthogonal initial conditions on weights that, like unsupervised pre-training, enjoys depth independent learning times. We further show that these initial conditions also lead to faithful propagation of gradients even in deep nonlinear networks, as long as they operate in a special regime known as the edge of chaos.
Specific PAF antagonist WEB‐2086 induces terminal differentiation of murine and human leukemia cells (2002)

A pharmacological approach to neoplasia by differentiation therapy relies on the availability of cytodifferentiating agents whose antitumor efficacy is usually assayed first on malignant cells in vitro. Using murine erythroleukemia cells (MELCs) as the model, we found that WEB-2086, a triazolobenzodiazepine-derived PAF antagonist originally developed as an anti-inflammatory drug, induces a dose-dependent inhibition of MELC growth and hemoglobin accumulation as a result of a true commitment to differentiation. MELCs treated for 5 days with 1 mM WEB-2086 show greater than or equal to 85% benzidine-positive cells, increased expression of alpha- and beta-globin genes, and down-regulation of c-Myb. This differentiation pattern, which does not involve histone H4 acetylation and is abrogated by the action of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, recalls the pattern induced by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). In addition to MELCs, human erythroleukemia K562 and HEL and myeloid HL60 cells are massively committed to maturation by WEB-2086 and, with some differences, by its analog, WEB-2170. This suggests that WEB-2086, structurally distant from other known inducers, might be a member of a new class of cytodifferentiation agents active on a broad range of transformed cells in vitro and useful, prospectively, for anticancer therapy due to their high tolerability in vivo.
Recent developments in selective agonists and antagonists acting at purine and pyrimidine receptors (1996)

The SAR at adenosine (P<sub>1</sub>) and ATP (P<sub>2</sub>) receptors is reviewed, with emphasis on recently developed selective agonists and antagonists. These include partial (e.g., N<sup>6</sup>-ethyl-8-cyclopentylaminoadenosine) and full A<sub>1</sub> agonists (e.g., NNC 21-0136, 2-chloro-N<sup>6</sup>-[(<i>R</i>)-(benzothiazolylthio-2-propyl]adenosine), A<sub>2</sub> antagonists (e.g., the non-xanthines: SCH58261, 5-amino-7-(phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-<i>e</i>]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-<i>c</i>]pyrimidine and ZM241385, 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3<i>a</i>][1,3,5]triazinyl-amino]ethyl)-phenol; and the 1-propargyl-8-styrylxanthines), and A<sub>3</sub> agonists (e.g., CI-IB-MECA, 2-chloro-N<sup>6</sup>-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluron-amide). Novel adenosine receptor antagonists (e.g., BTH<sub>4</sub>, ethyl 3-benzylthio-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[<i>c</i>]thiophen-4-one-1-carboxylate) have been discovered through screening libraries of natural products and heterocyclic derivatives. The first A<sub>3</sub> selective antagonists to be identified include derivatives of flavones (MRS 1067), 1,4-dihydropyridines (MRS 1097), triazolonaphthyridine (L-249313), and thiazolopyrimidine (L-268605). Potent P<sub>2</sub> receptor agonists are known. For example, 2-HexylthioAMP is a highly potent agonist at the yet uncloned P2Y receptor in C6 glioma cells. Suramin is a weak and non-selective P<sub>2</sub> blocker, while a truncated derivative, NF023, appears to be selective for P2X receptors. More selective P<sub>2</sub> antagonists are under development, with the cloning of these receptors. [<sup>35</sup>S]ATP-γS has been used as a radioligand for the direct labeling of several subtypes of cloned P2X receptors (P2X<sub>1</sub>-P2X<sub>4</sub>).
Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: Duration and adverse outcomes (2003)

GCs are therapeutically effective in GCA and the prednisone dosage was reduced to physiologic levels in three-fourths of the patients within 1 year. However, most patients developed serious adverse side effects related to GCs, indicating that less toxic therapeutic measures are needed.
Suppression of hepatoma growth and angiogenesis by a fumagillin derivative TNP470: possible involvement of nitric oxide synthase. (1998)

TNP470, a derivative of fumagillin, suppressed in vivo growth of human PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma and ameliorated cachexia of hepatoma-bearing mice. These in vivo effects were associated with reductions in microvessel and macrophage counts. In in vitro experiments, TNP470 inhibited the growth and migration of human hepatoma and bovine vascular endothelial (VE) cells. TNP470 did not inhibit the production of VE growth factor by the hepatoma, which suggests that this compound acts directly on VE cells in vivo. In contrast, TNP470 inhibited the production of leukemia inhibitory factor, which may be related to the amelioration of cancer cachexia. TNP470 induced apoptosis and enhanced the expression of beta-galactosidase, a biomarker of senescence, which was partly mimicked by a nitric oxide (NO) donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamin. TNP470 inhibited myristoylation and membrane translocation of NO synthase and increased the cellular content of NO synthase and production of NO. Therefore, it is suggested that the actions of TNP470 are mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of membrane translocation of biologically active proteins.
Cloning and characterization of a gene (LIP1) which encodes a lipase from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (1997)

Extracellular phospholipases are demonstrated virulence factors for a number of pathogenic microbes. The opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans is known to secrete phospholipases and these have been correlated with strain virulence. In an attempt to clone C. albicans genes encoding secreted phospholipases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with a C. albicans genomic library and screened for lipolytic activity on egg-yolk agar plates, a traditional screen for phospholipase activity. Two identical clones were obtained which exhibited lipolytic activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified an ORF encoding a protein of 351 amino acid residues. Although no extensive homologies were identified, the sequence contained the Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic lipases, suggesting a similar activity for the encoded protein. Indeed, culture supernatants from complemented yeast cells contained abundant hydrolytic activity against a triglyceride substrate and had no phospholipase activity. The data suggest that C. albicans, in addition to phospholipases, also has lipases. Southern blot analyses revealed that C. albicans may contain a lipase gene (LIP) family, and that a lipase gene(s) may be present in Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei, but not in Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida glabrata or S. cerevisiae. Northern blot analyses showed that expression of the LIP1 transcript, the cloned gene which encodes a lipase, was detected only when C. albicans was grown in media containing Tween 80, other Tweens or triglycerides as the sole carbon source, and not in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth or yeast/peptone/dextrose media. Additionally, carbohydrate supplementation inhibited LIP1 expression. Cloning this gene will allow the construction of LIP1-deficient null mutants which will be critical in determining the role of this gene in candidal virulence.