gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Receptor-Like Protein Kinase Gene Rapidly Induced by Abscisic Acid, Dehydration, High Salt, and Cold Treatments in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

A cDNA clone for a receptor-like protein kinase gene (RPK1) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The clone is 1952 bp long with 1623 bp of an open reading frame encoding a peptide of 540 amino acids. The deduced peptide (RPK1) contains four distinctive domains characteristic of receptor kinases: (a) a putative amino-terminal signal sequence domain; (b) a domain with five extracellular leucine-rich repeat sequences; (c) a membrane-spanning domain; and (d) a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain that contains all of the 11 subdomains conserved among protein kinases. The RPK1 gene is expressed in flowers, stems, leaves, and roots. Expression of the RPK1 gene is induced within 1 h after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). The gene is also rapidly induced by several environmental stresses such as dehydration, high salt, and low temperature, suggesting that the gene is involved in a general stress response. The dehydration-induced expression is not impaired in aba-1, abi1-1, abi2-1, and abi3-1 mutants, suggesting that the dehydration-induced expression of the RPK1 gene is ABA-independent. A possible role of this gene in the signal transduction pathway of ABA and the environmental stresses is discussed.
High-speed Fading-free Direct Detection for Double-Sideband OFDM Signal via Block-wise Phase Switching (2013)

We employ phase switching of either main-carrier or subcarriers of two consecutive signal blocks for double-sideband fading-free direct-detection (DD). In so doing, 40-Gb/s DD-OOFDM is successfully received over 80-km SSMF with single polarization and detector.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (2015)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that can shorten life and may require liver transplantation. The cause is unknown, although it is commonly associated with colitis. There is no approved or proven therapy, although ursodeoxycholic acid is used by many on an empiric basis. Complications including portal hypertension, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, metabolic bone diseases, and development of cancers of the bile duct or colon can occur.
Genetic Selection of Peptide Inhibitors of Biological Pathways (1999)

Genetic selections were used to find peptides that inhibit biological pathways in budding yeast. The peptides were presented inside cells as peptamers, surface loops on a highly expressed and biologically inert carrier protein, a catalytically inactive derivative of staphylococcal nuclease. Peptamers that inhibited the pheromone signaling pathway, transcriptional silencing, and the spindle checkpoint were isolated. Putative targets for the inhibitors were identified by a combination of two-hybrid analysis and genetic dissection of the target pathways. This analysis identified Ydr517w as a component of the spindle checkpoint and reinforced earlier indications that Ste50 has both positive and negative roles in pheromone signaling. Analysis of transcript arrays showed that the peptamers were highly specific in their effects, which suggests that they may be useful reagents in organisms that lack sophisticated genetics as well as for identifying components of existing biological pathways that are potential targets for drug discovery.
Haematological and obstetric aspects of antenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia: experience with 200 cases. (1982)

The results of 200 antenatal diagnoses in pregnancies at risk for homozygous beta-thalassaemia, carried out on fetal blood samples obtained by placental aspiration in the second trimester, are described. Globin chain synthesis in the fetuses was measured by means of 3H-leucine incorporation and separation of the chains on carboxy-methyl-cellulose columns. Fetal red cell enrichment was performed by NH4Cl-NH4HCO3 differential lysis of maternal cells or anti-i differential agglutination. Sufficient fetal blood for analysis was obtained in 97.5% of the cases. The overall fetal loss rate was 6.5%, but it declined from 10% in the first consecutive 100 cases to 3% in the last 100 cases. Fetal loss was the result of early or late intrauterine death or spontaneous abortion. Forty-two homozygous fetuses had no beta-chain synthesis and one had a very low beta/gamma ratio (0.005). Of the pregnancies, 37 were terminated at parental request and four aborted spontaneously. Absence of beta-chain radioactivity was confirmed in 12 abortuses with suitable cord blood samples for analysis. Two pregnancies with homozygous fetuses were not terminated, as one member of each couple was a devout Catholic. As expected, both infants developed Cooley's anaemia. Follow-up of the 146 infants, diagnosed in utero as non-homozygotes, showed cerebral palsy in one and a small cutaneous needle injury in three. None of these developed homozygous beta-thalassaemia. Even beta-thalassaemia trait with a beta/gamma ratio of 0.046 +/- 0.012 can be distinguished from normal, showing a beta/gamma ratio of 0.086 +/- 0.019 with a high degree of certainty.
Rough Terrain Ground Handling System for Helicopters (1974)

The need to move helicopters from their landing point into a place of concealment or more appropriate parking spot was first conveyed to USA Land Warfare Laboratory (LWL) in November 1970 by the 4th Armored Division in Europe through an LWL Liaison Team. At that time LWL initiated a study into the feasibility of moving skid mounted helicopters over rough terrain. The report covers the design study, and the detailed design of the system recommended by the study.
CIS Associates with the Interleukin-2 Receptor β Chain and Inhibits Interleukin-2-dependent Signaling (1999)

CIS is a cytokine-induced SH2-containing protein that was originally cloned as an interleukin (IL)-3-inducible gene. CIS is known to associate with the IL-3 receptor beta chain and erythropoietin receptor and to inhibit signaling mediated by IL-3 and erythropoietin. We now demonstrate that CIS also interacts with the IL-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rbeta). This interaction requires the A region of IL-2Rbeta (residues 313-382), which also mediates the association of IL-2Rbeta with Lck and Jak3. Correspondingly, CIS inhibits functions associated with both of these kinases: Lck-mediated phosphorylation of IL-2Rbeta and IL-2-mediated activation of Stat5. Thus, we demonstrate that CIS can negatively control at least two independent IL-2 signaling pathways. Although a functional SH2 binding domain of CIS was not required for its interaction with IL-2Rbeta in vitro, its phosphotyrosine binding capability was essential for the inhibitory action of CIS. On this basis, we have generated a mutant form of CIS protein with an altered SH2 domain that acts as a dominant negative and should prove useful in further understanding CIS action.
Pathological Basis of the Connective Tissue Diseases (1992)

Part 1 Biology of connective tissue disease: cells and matrix tissues organs. Part 2 Mechanisms of connective tissue disease: biochemical basis of connective tissue disease immunological basis of connective tissue disease mechanical basis of connective tissue disease inflammatory and vascular basis of connective tissue disease fibrotic basis of connective tissue disease. Part 3 Connective tissue disease processes: heritable disease of connective tissue metabolic, nutritional and endocrine disease of connective tissue amyloidosis rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus vasculitis and vasculopathy polymyositis and dermatomyositis systemic sclerosis and allied disorders infective and postinfective arthritis reactive arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathy rheumatic fever disorders associated with ageing osteoarthrosis and allied disorders spinal and intervertebral disease responses of connective tissues to physical, chemical, neoplastic and other stimuli.
Volatile Donor-Functionalized Alkoxy Derivatives of Lutetium and Their Structural Characterization1 (1997)

Reaction of beta-functionalized alcohols of type HOCR(2)CH(2)do (1a, do = OMe, R = Me; 1b, do = OMe, R = Et; 1c, do = NMe(2), R = Me) with Ln[N(SiMe(3))(3)](3) yields highly volatile (sublimation < 100 degrees C/10(-)(3) Torr) and n-hexane-soluble homoleptic alkoxide complexes [Ln(OCR(2)CH(2)do)(3)] (2a-d, Ln = Y, Lu). A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of Lu(OCMe(2)CH(2)OMe)(3) (2a) revealed a dinuclear complex with significantly polarized metal centers originating from asymmetrical ligand association (triple-bridging). Unintentional employment of "water-contaminated" alcohol 1a resulted in the formation of n-hexane-soluble 3 exhibiting a substantially increased sublimation temperature (>220 degrees C/10(-)(3) Torr). Crystallization of 3 affords single crystals 3a featuring the tetranuclear constitution Lu(4)(O)(OH)(OCMe(2)CH(2)OMe)(9). 3a represents an unprecedented lanthanide alkoxide comprising both oxo and hydroxo units in addition to alkoxide ligands. The Lu(4)O(15)-core structure of 3a adopts a "butterfly" rather than a tetrahedral geometry. Potentially tridentate alcohols HOCtBu(CH(2)OiPr)(2) (4) and HOCiPr(2)CH(2)OCH(2)OMe (5) afford alkoxide complexes "Nd(OR)(3)" (6, 7) of reduced volatility. 2a crystallizes from n-hexane at ambient temperature in space group P2(1)/n with a = 13.510(1) Å, b = 15.130(1) Å, c = 38.953(4) Å, beta = 93.11(1) degrees, V = 7950 Å(3), and Z = 8. Least-squares refinement of the model based on 11 747 reflections (I > 2.0 sigma(I)) converged to a final R = 3.5%. 3a crystallizes from n-hexane at -35 degrees C in space group Cc with a = 21.63(1) Å, b = 14.49(3) Å, c = 21.04(2) Å, beta = 109.70(3) degrees, V = 6209 Å(3), and Z = 4. Least-squares refinement of the model based on 6057 reflections (I > 3.0 sigma(I)) converged to a final R = 6.7%.
Characterization of the Rickettsia prowazekii pepA gene encoding leucine aminopeptidase (1993)

The pepA gene, encoding a protein with leucine aminopeptidase activity, was isolated from Rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracellular parasitic bacterium. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1,502 bp that would encode a protein of 499 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 53,892, a size comparable to that of the protein produced in Escherichia coli minicells containing the rickettsial gene. Also, heat-stable leucine aminopeptidase activity was demonstrable in an E. coli peptidase-deficient strain containing R. prowazekii pepA. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the R. prowazekii PepA with the characterized leucine aminopeptidases from E. coli, Arabidopsis thaliana, and bovine eye lens revealed that 39.8, 34.9, and 34.0% of the residues were identical, respectively. Residues proposed to be part of the active site or involved in the binding of metal ions in the bovine metalloenzyme were all conserved in R. prowazekii PepA. However, despite the structural and enzymatic similarity to E. coli PepA, the R. prowazekii protein was unable to complement the cer site-specific, PepA-dependent recombination system found in E. coli that resolves ColE1-type plasmid multimers into their monomeric forms.
Development and Function of Diabetogenic T-cells in B-cell–Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice (2001)

Insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes) in the NOD mouse is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. However, B-cells may also play a critical role in disease pathogenesis, as genetically B-cell-deficient NOD mice (NOD.microMT) have been shown to be protected from type 1 diabetes and to display reduced responses to certain islet autoantigens. To examine the requirements for B-cells in the development of type 1 diabetes, we generated a B-cell-naive T-cell repertoire by transplantation of NOD fetal thymuses (FTs) into NOD.scid recipients. Surprisingly, these FT-derived NOD T-cells were diabetogenic in 36% of NOD.scid recipients, despite the absence of B-cells. In addition, T-cells isolated from NOD.microMT mice were diabetogenic in 22% of NOD.scid recipients. Together, these results indicate that B-cells are not an absolute requirement for the generation or effector function of an islet-reactive T-cell repertoire in NOD mice. We suggest that conditions favoring rapid lymphocyte expansion can reveal autoreactive T-cell activity and precipitate disease in genetically susceptible individuals.
Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Individual Human Blood Cells (1993)

The largest human blood cells--the red cells (erythrocytes) and white cells (leukocytes)--must undergo a significant amount of deformation as they squeeze through the smallest vessels of the circulation and the small openings between bone, vessel and tissue. This ability to deform in response to external forces shows that cells exhibit material behavior and behave as either elastic solids or viscous liquids. The question then is "how can we measure the deformation and flow of something as small as a blood cell and what kinds of constitutive equations describe cellular deformation"? In this paper the use of the micropipet to measure red cell and white cell, especially neutrophil, deformation will be described and the viscoelastic models used to describe the deformation behavior of red cell membrane and neutrophil cytoplasm will be discussed. Values for the elasticities of a red cell membrane subjected to shear, area expansion and bending will be given. The viscosity of red cell membrane in shear will also be discussed. Finally, the cortical tension of the neutrophil and the Newtonian and Maxwell models used to characterize its apparent viscosity will be discussed even though neither is wholly successful in describing the viscous behavior of the neutrophil. Thus, alternate models will be suggested.
Functional aspects of co-variant surface charges in an antibody fragment (2002)

A mutational analysis of three co-variant pairs of residues, located at the surface of a single-chain fragment, variable (scFv), remote from the antigen-binding site, was performed to investigate the tolerance of these positions to amino acid changes. The replacements consisted of the elimination or addition of charges, or in their replacement by a charge of opposite sign. As measured by Biacore, antigen-binding kinetics and specificity were essentially unaffected by the mutations. The purified scFvs remained mostly 100% active for 14 h, and their sensitivity to guanidinium-chloride denaturation was similar. These observations indicate that the mutations did not affect antigen-binding properties and that protein folding was conserved. However, the various scFvs differed greatly in half-life in periplasmic extracts (&lt;4 h to &gt;16 h at 25°C). The deleterious effect on half-life produced by single mutations could be reversed by introducing a second mutation that restores the natural combination of amino acids in the co-variant pair, indicating that the consequence of charge modifications at these locations depends on the sequence context. We propose that the differences in half-life result from differences in aggregation propensities with other periplasmic proteins, related to the presence of charged patches at the surface of the scFvs. The practical implication is that changes in surface charge may drastically affect the level of active molecules in complex protein mixtures, a potentially important consideration in engineering scFvs for biotechnological or medical purposes.
Tesla's contribution to radiowave propagation (2002)

We review Nikola Tesla's contribution to radiowave propagation and wireless power transmission. Tesla's patents, published and unpublished notes about radiowave propagation and wireless power transmission are less known, and if known to some extent, they are usually wrongly interpreted.
Osteoprogenitor Cells as Targets for Ex Vivo Gene Transfer (1998)

We transduced osteoprogenitor cells with recombinant retrovirus and analyzed proviral integration patterns into chromosomal DNA to detect for the first time the clonal and cellular fate of osteoprogenitor-derived progeny cells. Metaphyseal bone cells and diaphyseal stromal cells were isolated from the distal femurs of young rats, transduced with the vM5neolacZ recombinant retrovirus, and selected in the neomycin analog, G418. Following surgical marrow ablation of a femur in one leg of mature rats, retroviral-transduced metaphyseal or diaphyseal cells were injected into the ablated site. These rats were killed 5-6 days later. Metaphyseal and diaphyseal cells were isolated from distal femurs, selected in G418, and stained for beta-galactosidase (beta-gal+). The number and clonal origin of transduced progenitor cells were determined. High numbers of beta-galactosidase colonies with an osteoblast phenotype were obtained following metaphyseal transplants and detected in 100% of metaphyseal and none of diaphyseal specimens. In contrast, beta-galactosidase colonies derived from diaphyseal transplants were detected in 50% of specimens in both the metaphysis and diaphysis, and the absolute number of progenitor cell colonies was 60-fold less than metaphyseal transplants. Provirus was only detected in the ablated bones and not in the contralateral bone or other tissues. Proviral integration fragment analysis showed a single integration site for recovered metaphyseal cell clones, consistent with their origination from a common single progenitor. This is one of the first demonstrations of successful transplantation of clonal osteoprogenitors to their site of origin in bone. It may be possible to use these cells to target genes to bone for therapeutic use in skeletal and hematopoietic diseases.
The Effect of Tuning Cold Plasma Composition on Glioblastoma Cell Viability (2014)

Previous research in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and cancer cell interaction has repeatedly proven that the cold plasma induced cell death. It is postulated that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a major role in the CAP cancer therapy. In this paper, we seek to determine a mechanism of CAP therapy on glioblastoma cells (U87) through an understanding of the composition of the plasma, including treatment time, voltage, flow-rate and plasma-gas composition. In order to determine the threshold of plasma treatment on U87, normal human astrocytes (E6/E7) were used as the comparison cell line. Our data showed that the 30 sec plasma treatment caused 3-fold cell death in the U87 cells compared to the E6/E7 cells. All the other compositions of cold plasma were performed based on this result: plasma treatment time was maintained at 30 s per well while other plasma characteristics such as voltage, flow rate of source gas, and composition of source gas were changed one at a time to vary the intensity of the reactive species composition in the plasma jet, which may finally have various effect on cells reflected by cell viability. We defined a term "plasma dosage" to summarize the relationship of all the characteristics and cell viability.
Epidermal Growth Factor Facilitates Epinephrine Inhibition of P2X7-Receptor-Mediated Pore Formation and Apoptosis: A Novel Signaling Network (2004)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), epinephrine, and the P2X7 receptor system regulate growth of human uterine cervical epithelial cells, but little is known about how these systems intercommunicate in exerting their actions. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of EGF and epinephrine regulation of growth of cervical cells. Treatment of cultured CaSki cells with 0.2 nM EGF increased cell number via a PD98059-sensitive pathway. Treatment with 2 nM epinephrine increased cell number, and the effect was facilitated by cotreatment with EGF. Whereas the effect of EGF alone involved up-regulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and an increase in cell proliferation, the effect of epinephrine was mediated by inhibition of apoptosis. Epinephrine inhibited apoptosis induced by the P2X7 receptor ligand 2',3'-0-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP, by attenuation of P2X7 receptor plasma membrane pore formation. Cotreatment with EGF facilitated epinephrine effect via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. CaSki cells express the beta2-adrenoceptor, and the epinephrine antiapoptotic effect could be mimicked by beta2-adrenoceptor agonists and by activators of adenylyl cyclase. Likewise, the effect could be blocked by beta2-adrenoceptor blockers and by the inhibitor of protein kinase-A H-89. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that epinephrine decreased the levels of the glycosylated 85-kDa form of the P2X7 receptor and increased receptor degradation, and that EGF potentiated these effects of epinephrine. EGF did not affect cellular levels of the beta2-adrenoceptor. In contrast, EGF, acting via the EGF receptor, augmented beta2-adrenoceptor recycling, and it inhibited beta2-adrenoceptor internalization via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. We conclude that, in cervical epithelial cells, EGF has a dual role: as mitogen, acting via the MAPK/MAPK kinase pathway, and as an antiapoptotic factor by facilitating epinephrine effect and resulting in greater expression of beta2-adrenoceptors in the plasma membrane. These findings underscore a novel signaling network of communication between the receptor tyrosine kinases, the G protein-coupled receptors, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor.
Of [hamsters] and men (2012)

Over many years, recombinant protein biologics developers have addressed product immunogenicity with a focus on the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Recently, immune responses to the native host cell proteins (HCP) have gained attention, as they too may have an effect on the immune response to the formulated drug, namely diminished drug safety and efficacy. The recent suspension of two clinical trials due to the presence of antibodies to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) HCPs in subjects treated with a recombinant biologic clearly reveals the serious concern regulatory agencies attribute to contaminating HCPs. It appears that even minor amounts of CHO-derived HCP in the final formulation of therapeutics can potentially stimulate an immune response to these contaminants; of even greater concern are immune responses that may be cross-reactive with human proteins. Publication of the CHO-K1 genome and transcriptome provides an opportunity to gain insight into one of the most commonly used expression systems in recombinant protein production. We recently applied immunoinformatics tools to evaluate the immunogenic potential of CHO HCP. Rather than evaluate HCP for their intrinsic potential immunogenicity, we suggest that we should estimate their immunogenicity on a fine-tuned scale that accounts for regions that are homologous to human sequences. As more information on the exact identity of the HCP that drive immunogenicity emerges, the accuracy of this approach is likely to improve.Bio-process engineers are scrambling to identify means for reducing host cell protein (HCP) content and ways to identify HCP that have the potential to raise antibody responses following the cancellation of two phase III clinical trials. The trials were evaluating the safety and efficacy of Inspiration’s IB1001, a recombinant factor IX produced in CHO cells; the development of anti-Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) antibodies at higher levels than expected in patients treated with IB1001 triggered the FDA ruling.1 Anti-CHO antibodies did not reduce F.IX efficacy, thus the ruling was presumably not related to drug efficacy, but rather to drug safety.