gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A partial-polyphase VLSI architecture for very high speed CIC decimation filters (2003)

A partial-polyphase architecture for CIC (Cascaded Integrator-Comb) decimation filters is proposed in this paper. Based on the partial-polyphase decomposition and parallel processing techniques, filters with the new proposed architecture can operate at much lower sampling rate and still achieve the same performance as Hogenauer's CIC filters. With the partial-polyphase decomposition, complicated polyphase decompositions are avoided in the case of decimation ratio and filter order is high. The new architecture has advantages in high speed operation, low power consumption and low complexity for VLSI implementation. Design issues such as polyphase components, internal word length, built-in self-test scheme and layout design considerations have been discussed.
Electrically addressed liquid crystal phase gratings for optical switches (2002)

This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.
Designing Enzymes for Use in Organic Solvents (1992)

Enzymes are routinely used in organic solvents where numerous reactions of interest to synthetic and polymer chemists can be performed with high selectivity. Recently, it has become apparent that the catalytic properties of an enzyme can be tailored to a specific catalytic requirement by the use of solvent and protein engineering. The former involves altering the polarity, hydrophobicity, water content, etc., of the organic milieu, while the later applies site-directed mutagenesis to alter the physicochemical properties of the biocatalyst. The dominant effects of organic solvents on enzyme structure and function, and the potential of solvent and protein engineering to design enzymes to function optimally in organic media, are the major foci of this review.
Learning occupancy grids with forward models (2002)

Presents a way to acquire occupancy grid maps with mobile robots. Virtually all existing occupancy grid mapping algorithms decompose the high-dimensional mapping problem into a collection of one-dimensional problems, where the occupancy of each grid cell is estimated independently of others. This induces conflicts that can lead to inconsistent maps. The paper shows how to solve the mapping problem in the original, high-dimensional space, thereby maintaining all dependencies between neighboring cells. As a result, maps generated by our approach are often more accurate than those generated using traditional techniques. Our approach relies on a rigorous statistical formulation of the mapping problem using forward models. It employs the expectation maximization algorithm for estimating maps, and a Laplacian approximation to determine uncertainty.
An Accurate Fault Locator With Compensation For Apparent Reactance In The Fault Resistance Resulting From Remore-End Infeed (1985)

A microprocessor based fault locator is described, which uses novel compensation techniques to improve accuracy. It displays the distance to the fault in percent of transmission line length, for facilitating repair and restoration following a permanent fault. Also, it pinpoints weak spots following transient faults.
An architecture for reliable decentralized systems (1983)

Constructing reliable programs for distributed processing systems is a very difficult task. Actions (transactions), indivisible units of work, can simplify this process by providing uniform treatment of failures and preventing interference. These units of work can also be nested, further controlling the scope of concurrency and failures. The atomicity provided by actions is an important tool for building reliable decentralized systems.
Actions manipulate pieces of data called objects. Objects are usually treated as uninterpreted (bit strings). However, treating all objects in this fashion can result in unacceptable concurrency or high recovery overhead. In order to take advantage of actions in the widest possible context, it is necessary to consider operations on generalized objects (instances of abstract data types).
This report presents a general architectural model for reliable decentralized systems constructed using actions and objects. We include one prototype design created from the model. We also include practical algorithms necessary to implement this design.
We present a nested action management algorithm that, to our knowledge, is the first such algorithm to separate remote call semantics from action units. It also guarantees that orphans, computational parts of actions that will be eventually aborted, view consistent system states. We describe a design for synchronization and recovery that is oriented toward a programming-based view of objects (as well as simple data). We demonstrate the usefulness of our results through typical reliable programming problems.
Availability is another important dimension of distributed systems. We describe a novel collection of simple, yet very robust, replication algorithms which can increase data availability. Algorithms from this suite can be customized to balance particular tradeoffs required in different application systems. The efficiency of the algorithms depends on the acceptability of weak consistency conditions in the applications. One member of this suite is formally modelled and proven correct. The others follow in a straightforward manner.
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Current Status and Moving Forward (2012)

Concurrent with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, a wide spectrum of other cancer vaccine platforms that target a diverse range of tumor-associated antigens is currently being evaluated in randomized phase II and phase III trials. The profound influence of the tumor microenvironment and other immunosuppressive entities, however, can limit the effectiveness of these vaccines. Numerous strategies are currently being evaluated both preclinically and clinically to counteract these immunosuppressive entities, including the combined use of vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, certain chemotherapeutics, small-molecule targeted therapies, and radiation. The potential influence of the appropriate patient population and clinical trial endpoint in vaccine therapy studies is discussed, as well as the potential importance of biomarkers in future directions of this field.
[Skeletal anomalies in the VATER syndrome in human embryos]. (1988)

Anomalies of the skeleton and internal organs have been described in 9- and 12-week-old human fetuses with the VATER syndrome. Together with the known anomalies occurring at the syndrome, certain anomalies in development of the skin, tarsus and wrist bones are revealed.
Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice, and Economics (2001)

Preface. Acknowledgements. Bioseparations. Sedimentation, Centrifugation, and Filtration. Membrane Separations. Precipitation, Crystallization, and Extraction. Principles of Liquid Chromatography. Liquid Chromatography Scale-Up. Principles of Gradient Elution Chromatography. Principles of Bioseparations for Biopharmaceuticals and Recombinant Protein Products. Affinity Chromatography: Bridge Between Molecular Biology, Combinatorial Methods, and Separations Science. Author Index. Subject Index.
Wideband monolithically integrated front-end subsystems and components (2012)

The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above-mentioned discipline. Joseph Mruk (Ph.D., Electrical Engineering) Wideband Monolithically Integrated Front-End Subsystems and Components Thesis directed by Assistant Professor Dejan S. Filipović This thesis presents the analysis, design, and measurements of passive, monolithically integrated, wideband recta-coax and printed circuit board front-end components. Monolithic fabrication of antennas, impedance transformers, filters, and transitions lowers manufacturing costs by reducing assembly time and enhances performance by removing connectors and cabling between the devices. Computational design, fabrication, and measurements are used to demonstrate the capabilities of these front-end assemblies. Two-arm wideband planar log-periodic antennas fed using a horizontal feed that allows for filters and impedance transformers to be readily fabricated within the radiating region of the antenna are demonstrated. At microwave frequencies, low-cost
Convenient syntheses of cytidine 5'-triphosphate, guanosine 5'-triphosphate, and uridine 5'-triphosphate and their use in the preparation of UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and GDP-mannose (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient syntheses of cytidine 5'-triphosphate, guanosine 5'-triphosphate, and uridine 5'-triphosphate and their use in the preparation of UDP-glucose, UDP-glucuronic acid, and GDP-mannoseEthan S. Simon, Sven Grabowski, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 6, 1834–1841Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00293a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00293a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1509Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates (2009)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by interacting with the LDL receptor (LDLR) and is an attractive therapeutic target for LDL-C lowering. We have generated a neutralizing anti-PCSK9 antibody, mAb1, that binds to an epitope on PCSK9 adjacent to the region required for LDLR interaction. In vitro, mAb1 inhibits PCSK9 binding to the LDLR and attenuates PCSK9-mediated reduction in LDLR protein levels, thereby increasing LDL uptake. A combination of mAb1 with a statin increases LDLR levels in HepG2 cells more than either treatment alone. In wild-type mice, mAb1 increases hepatic LDLR protein levels approximately 2-fold and lowers total serum cholesterol by up to 36%: this effect is not observed in LDLR(-/-) mice. In cynomolgus monkeys, a single injection of mAb1 reduces serum LDL-C by 80%, and a significant decrease is maintained for 10 days. We conclude that anti-PCSK9 antibodies may be effective therapeutics for treating hypercholesterolemia.
The Alternative Electron Acceptor Tetrathionate Supports B 12 -Dependent Anaerobic Growth of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium on Ethanolamine or 1,2-Propanediol (2001)

Synthesis of cobalamin de novo by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 and the absence of this ability in Escherichia coli present several problems. This large synthetic pathway is shared by virtually all salmonellae and must be maintained by selection, yet no conditions are known under which growth depends on endogenous B12. The cofactor is required for degradation of 1,2-propanediol and ethanolamine. However, cofactor synthesis occurs only anaerobically, and neither of these carbon sources supports anaerobic growth with any of the alternative electron acceptors tested thus far. This paradox is resolved by the electron acceptor tetrathionate, which allows Salmonella to grow anaerobically on ethanolamine or 1,2-propanediol by using endogenously synthesized B12. Tetrathionate provides the only known conditions under which simple cob mutants (unable to make B12) show a growth defect. Genes involved in this metabolism include the ttr operon, which encodes tetrathionate reductase. This operon is globally regulated by OxrA (Fnr) and induced anaerobically by a two-component system in response to tetrathionate. Salmonella reduces tetrathionate to thiosulfate, which it can further reduce to H2S, by using enzymes encoded by the genes phs and asr. The genes for 1,2-propanediol degradation (pdu) and B12 synthesis (cob), along with the genes for sulfur reduction (ttr, phs, and asr), constitute more than 1% of the Salmonella genome and are all absent from E. coli. In diverging from E. coli, Salmonella acquired some of these genes unilaterally and maintained others that are ancestral but have been lost from the E. coli lineage.
Isolation of the pericellular matrix of human fibroblast cultures. (1979)

The pericellular matrix of human fibroblast cultures was isolated, using sequential extraction with sodium deoxycholate and hypotonic buffer in the presence of protease inhibitor. The matrix attached to the growth substratum had a "sackcloth-like" structure as seen by phase contrast, immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy, and it had a vaguely filamentous ultrastructure similar to that seen in intact cell layers. The matrix consisted of hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate as the major glycosaminoglycan components and fibronectin and procollagen as major polypeptides as shown by metabolic labeling, gel electrophoresis, immunofluorescence, and collagenase digestion. This pericellular matrix can be regarded as an in vitro equivalent of the loose connective tissue matrix.
A Glimpse of the Holy Grail? (1998)

Every protein is folded in its native state. How the sequence of amino acids determines the folding conformation is an open question in biochemistry. Because of the huge number of possible foldings, computer simulation of the problem has been impossible. In his Perspective, Berendsen discusses results reported in the same issue by
 Duan and Kollman
 in which they used a computer model to simulate protein folding in a 36-residue protein. Although small, the protein contains 12,000 atoms, lending hope that computers methods may make some progress in the understanding of folding.
Dynamics of the internalization of phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides in HL60 cells (1993)

We have examined the cellular association and internalization of phosphodiester (PO) oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) with HL60 cells. At 4 degrees C, a 15-mer PO homopolymer of thymidine (FOdT15) exhibits apparent saturation binding (Km = 22 +/- 1 nM) that is competitive with the binding of phosphorothioate (PS) oligos. The value of Kc for SdC28, a PS 28-mer homopolymer of cytidine, is 5 +/- 2 nM. SdC28 was used to strip cell surface fluorescence: Internalized fluorescence accumulated in a (concentration)(time)-dependent fashion, consistent with a pinocytotic mechanism. PS, and to a lesser extent, PO oligos inhibited the rate of internalization of fluorescent albumin, also a marker of pinocytosis. This was correlated with direct in vitro inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) beta 1 by the PS and PO oligos. Furthermore, other PKC inhibitors (H7, staurosporine, DMSO, PKC pseudosubstrate polypeptide) also inhibited intracellular accumulation of pinocytosed materials, perhaps by stimulating the exocytosis rate. In HL60 cells, the pinocytotic internalization of charged oligos appears to be dependent on intact PKC kinase activity, which is inhibited in vitro by PS and PO oligos.
Blocking the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Lentivirus-Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Targeting β-Catenin Gene Suppresses Silica-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice (2015)

Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust. While the pathogenesis of silicosis is not clearly understood, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is thought to play a major role in lung fibrosis. To explore the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in silicosis, we blocked Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in silica-treated MLE-12 cells (a mouse pulmonary epithelial cell line) and in a mouse silicosis model by using a lentiviral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA silencing β-catenin (Lv-shβ-catenin). In vitro, Lv-shβ-catenin significantly decreased the expression of β-catenin, MMP2 and MMP9, and secretion of TGF-β1. In vivo, intratracheal treatment with Lv-shβ-catenin significantly reduced expression of β-catenin in the lung and levels of TGF-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and notably attenuated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by hydroxyproline content and collagen I\III synthesis in silica-administered mice. These results indicate that blockade of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can prevent the development of silica-induced lung fibrosis. Thus Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be a target in prevention and treatment of silicosis.
Positive and Negative Regulation of the γ-Secretase Activity by Nicastrin in a Murine Model (2003)

Nicastrin is a component of the gamma-secretase complex that has been shown to adhere to presenilin-1 (PS1), Notch, and APP. Here we demonstrate that Nicastrin-deficient mice showed a phenotype that is indistinguishable from PS1/PS2 double knock-out mice, whereas heterozygotes were healthy and viable. Fibroblasts derived from Nicastrin-deficient embryos were unable to generate amyloid beta-peptide and failed to release the intracellular domain of APP- or Notch1-Gal4-VP16 fusion proteins. Additionally, C- and N-terminal fragments of PS1 and the C-terminal fragments of PS2 were not detectable in Nicastrin-null fibroblasts, whereas full-length PS1 accumulated in null fibroblasts, indicating that Nicastrin is required for the endoproteolytic processing of presenilins. Interestingly, cells derived from Nicastrin heterozygotes produced relatively higher levels of amyloid beta-peptide whether the source was endogenous mouse or transfected human APP. These data demonstrate that Nicastrin is essential for the gamma-secretase cleavage of APP and Notch in mammalian cells and that Nicastrin has both positive and negative functions in the regulation of gamma-secretase activity.
The Trader Interaction Effect on the Impact of Overconfidence on Trading Performance (2007)

This article extends previous research on how overconfidence affects trading performance in two ways. First, we examine whether the degree of impact is different between an electronic trading market (as in a stock market) and an open outcry environment (as in a futures market). Second, we examine the impact of overconfidence from the perspective of miscalibration, market confidence, the better than average effect, and risk attitudes. The significant findings (5%) indicate that higher overconfidence leads to poorer trading performance generally. However, the degree of impact is higher in an open outcry environment, where there are visual, verbal, and emotional interactions between traders, than in an electronic trading environment, where a trader operates primarily in an isolated setting. Likewise, the traders who choose to trade in an open outcry environment are generally more overconfident than those who trade in a more isolated setting. The contribution of our study is therefore to highlight the importance of interactions between traders in the studies of overconfidence on trading performance. Our findings are based on the trading performance of a sample of 159 tertiary students in a simulated trading environment over six weeks. <b>TOPICS:</b>In markets, security analysis and valuation, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses
Upper Airway and Soft Tissue Structural Changes Induced by CPAP in Normal Subjects (1996)

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for adults with obstructive sleep apnea. CPAP is known to increase upper airway size; however, the direct effects of CPAP on soft tissue structures surrounding the upper airway are less well understood. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the effect of incremental levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O) of CPAP on the upper airway and surrounding soft tissue structures in 10 normal subjects. Progressive increases in CPAP resulted in the following major findings: (1) airway volume and airway area (measured at several different locations [midregion, minimal, maximal]) within the retropalatal and retroglossal regions increased; (2) lateral airway dimensional changes were greater than anterior-posterior changes; (3) lateral upper airway soft tissue structural changes were significantly greater than anterior-posterior changes; (4) lateral pharyngeal wall thickness decreased and the distance between the lateral parapharyngeal fat pads increased. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between CPAP level and pharyngeal wall thickness; (5) minimal changes were noted in the soft palate and tongue. These data suggest that the lateral pharyngeal walls are more "compliant" than the soft palate and tongue. This investigation provides further evidence that the lateral pharyngeal walls play an important role in mediating upper airway caliber.
Role for Endothelin-1–Induced Superoxide and Peroxynitrite Production in Rebound Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy (2001)

Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhaled nitric oxide (NO) decreases nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in vivo and that this inhibition is associated with rebound pulmonary hypertension upon acute withdrawal of inhaled NO. We have also demonstrated that inhaled NO elevates plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and that pretreatment with PD156707, an ETA receptor antagonist, blocks the rebound hypertension. The objectives of this study were to further elucidate the role of ET-1 in the rebound pulmonary hypertension upon acute withdrawal of inhaled NO. Inhaled NO (40 ppm) delivered to thirteen 4-week-old lambs decreased NOS activity by 36.2% in control lambs (P<0.05), whereas NOS activity was preserved in PD156707-treated lambs. When primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were exposed to ET-1, superoxide production increased by 33% (P<0.05). This increase was blocked by a preincubation with PD156707. Furthermore, cotreatment of cells with ET-1 and NO increased peroxynitrite levels by 26% (P<0.05), whereas preincubation of purified human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein with peroxynitrite generated a nitrated enzyme with 50% activity relative to control (P<0.05). Western blot analysis of peripheral lung extracts obtained after 24 hours of inhaled NO revealed a 90% reduction in 3-nitrotyrosine residues (P<0.05) in PD156707-treated lambs. The nitration of eNOS was also reduced by 40% in PD156707-treated lambs (P<0.05). These data suggest that the reduction of NOS activity associated with inhaled NO therapy may involve ETA receptor-mediated superoxide production. ETA receptor antagonists may prevent rebound pulmonary hypertension by protecting endogenous eNOS activity during inhaled NO therapy.