gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Antibody Concentration and Avidity in Antiviral Protection (1997)

Neutralizing antibodies are necessary and sufficient for protection against infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The in vitro neutralization capacities and in vivo protective capacities of a panel of immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies to the glycoprotein of VSV were evaluated. In vitro, neutralizing activity correlated with avidity and with neutralization rate constant, a measure of on-rate. However, in vivo, protection was independent of immunoglobulin subclass, avidity, neutralization rate constant, and in vitro neutralizing activity; above a minimal avidity threshold, protection depended simply on a minimum serum concentration. These two biologically defined thresholds of antibody specificity offer hope for the development of adoptive therapy with neutralizing antibodies.
Mutations in the Insulin Receptor Gene (1992)

THE insulin receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the action of insulin upon target cells. The receptor was originally identified by its ability to bind the hormone (1–3). Over the past two decades, considerable progress has been made in defining the structure of the receptor molecule (4–7) as well as the biochemical mechanism by which it mediates insulin action (8–10). In addition, the insulin receptor has been identified as a target for pathological processes in human disease. In this review, we describe mutations in the insulin receptor gene that have been identified in patients with genetic forms of insulin resistance (6). Identification of these mutations has elucidated the molecular mechanisms that cause disease in these patients. In addition, the mutations have provided significant insights into the structure and function of the insulin receptor. The human insulin receptor gene contains 22 exons, and occupies in excess of 150 kilobase pairs of DNA on the short arm of chromosome 19 (bands pl3.2→pl3.3) (11, 12). Typical of a “housekeeping” type of promoter, the promoter is GC-rich, lacks a TATA box, but contains several Spl binding sites (11, 13–16). In addition, an enhancer element has been identified 410–481 base pairs (bp) upstream from the initiator AUG codon (16). Several potential CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding sites have been identified in the human insulin receptor gene, two in the 5'-flanking domain and one in the first intron (17). The precise importance of these various potential regulatory sites has not been completely elucidated. In addition, it seems likely there are other regulatory sites in the gene that remain to be identified.
Modified Fracture Pressure Decline Analysis Including Pressure-Dependent Leakoff (1987)

ABSTRACT Nolte developed an analysis of the pressure decline following a fracturing treatment to provide an estimate of fluid efficiency, fluid loss coefficient, and fracture geometry. This analysis has become an industry standard for evaluating and improving the design of fracturing treatments. The derivations by Nolte assume the leakoff coefficient is a pressure-independent constant. This assumption is valid when leakoff is controlled by a compressible filter cake. In cases where leakoff is primarily controlled by filtrate viscosity, by an incompressible filter cake, or by reservoir permeability and compressibility, the leakoff coefficient is pressure dependent, and, therefore, declines during the closure period. Under these circumstances, direct application of the Nolte technique may not be appropriate, and could cause an optimistic estimate of fluid efficiency and leakoff coefficient. This paper introduces a new plot for fracture pressure decline analysis that determines the pressure parameters (ISIP, Pc, P*) required in the Nolte leakoff calculations. The derivative of this plot may be used to identify the extension period, the closure period, and to assess the influence of pressure dependent leakoff on fracture pressure decline. In order to account for pressure dependent leakoff, equations are presented where the leakoff coefficient is treated as a mathematical variable. The equations describe simple linear relations applicable to the fracture closure period. When these relations are plotted on Cartesian coordinates, the closure period is recognized by a straight line with slope proportional to the leakoff coefficient. As shown in the examples, this modified approach is easily applied and provides new insight to the fracture closure period.
Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits (1991)

Semiconductor photonic integrated circuits (PICs) refer to that subset of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) which focus primarily on the monolithic integration of optically interconnected guided-wave optoelectronic devices. The principal motivation for PIC research is the expected cost reduction and packaging robustness associated with replacing individually aligned, single-mode optical connections between discrete optoelectronic devices with lithographically produced integrated waveguides. This field has recently seen significant advances resulting from improved III-V epitaxial crystal growth and related processing techniques. A discussion is presented of the design and fabrication issues, illustrated by a number of recently demonstrated InP-based PICs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Management of information technology evaluation ‐ the development of a managerial thesis (1999)

The aim is to address the approach and identify the assessment of the effectiveness of IT investment used by organisations, to develop a thesis of good practice in this area; and to test this thesis by reference to a focus group consisting of practitioners.The research began using the case study method to collect evidence and then content analysis was employed to analyse this evidence to identify empirical generalisations and thus develop a theory of IT investment, IT investment evaluation and IT benefit identification. Correspondence analysis was used on the case study data as one step in establishing the theory. A focus group was used to present the relevant theory and the models that were created. Finally, the practical management guidelines suggested by the research and the models and content analysis figures were presented to practitioners as a cross‐validation process and the results reported. The results of this research are an objectively developed theory of how IT investments are formulated and evaluated and how IT investment benefits are identified.
Modeling and Simulation of Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensor (2005)

Sensitivity and detection limit of a magnetic nanoparticle sensor is modeled and simulated. A micro coil generates an alternating magnetic field which excites magnetic nanoparticles in its vicinity. A concentric sensing coil applies Faraday's law of induction measuring the excited magnetization of the magnetic particles at high frequency. A differential measurement compensates disturbances and the influence of the driving microcoil leaving only the signal caused by the magnetic particles. The sensing system can be used for detection of magnetic nanoparticle labels in immunological point of care diagnostics. The paper shows simulation results for a microcoil system capable of detecting a single superparamagnetic nanoparticle.
Mutational analysis of genes coding for cell surface proteins in colorectal cancer cell lines reveal novel altered pathways, druggable mutations and mutated epitopes for targeted therapy (2014)

We carried out a mutational analysis of 3,594 genes coding for cell surface proteins (Surfaceome) in 23 colorectal cancer cell lines, searching for new altered pathways, druggable mutations and mutated epitopes for targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. A total of 3,944 somatic non-synonymous substitutions and 595 InDels, occurring in 2,061 (57%) Surfaceome genes were catalogued. We identified 48 genes not previously described as mutated in colorectal tumors in the TCGA database, including genes that are mutated and expressed in >10% of the cell lines (SEMA4C, FGFRL1, PKD1, FAM38A, WDR81, TMEM136, SLC36A1, SLC26A6, IGFLR1). Analysis of these genes uncovered important roles for FGF and SEMA4 signaling in colorectal cancer with possible therapeutic implications. We also found that cell lines express on average 11 druggable mutations, including frequent mutations (>20%) in the receptor tyrosine kinases AXL and EPHA2, which have not been previously considered as potential targets for colorectal cancer. Finally, we identified 82 cell surface mutated epitopes, however expression of only 30% of these epitopes was detected in our cell lines. Notwithstanding, 92% of these epitopes were expressed in cell lines with the mutator phenotype, opening new venues for the use of "general" immune checkpoint drugs in this subset of patients.
2-amino-5-Aryl-2-oxazolines. Potent New Anorectic Agents (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-amino-5-Aryl-2-oxazolines. Potent New Anorectic AgentsGeorge I. Poos, John R. Carson, Janet D. Rosenau, Adolph P. Roszkowski, Nancy M. Kelley, and Janet McGowinCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 266–272Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Slot antenna with parasitic elementfor dual band operation (1997)

The authors introduce three types of dual band antenna combining a slot and a parasitic wire. The slot and the parasitic wire are designed to become resonant at two different bands. The antenna characteristics are calculated by the method of moments; calculated VSWRs are in good agreement with measured data.
Controlling Order in Block Copolymer Thin Films for Nanopatterning Applications (2010)

An attractive "unconventional" lithographic technique to pattern periodic, sub-100 nm features uses self-assembled block copolymer thin films as etch masks. Unfortunately, as-cast films lack the orientational and positional order of the microphase-separated domains that are necessary for many desired applications. Reviewed herein are techniques developed to guide the self-assembly process in thin films, which permit varying degrees of control over the patterns formed by the microdomains. Techniques that can control the out-of-plane order of the microdomains are first summarized. Then, techniques that control the lateral ordering are reviewed, beginning with those that generate large defect-free grains, then those that impart orientational order to the microdomains, and finally those that can control both the orientation and position of individual microdomains. Each technique is summarized with experimental examples and discussions regarding the mechanism of the guided self-assembly process.
Electronic structure and Slater–Pauling behaviour in half-metallic Heusler alloys calculated from first principles (2006)

Intermetallic Heusler alloys are amongst the most attractive half-metallic systems due to the high Curie temperatures and the structural similarity to the binary semiconductors. In this review we present an overview of the basic electronic and magnetic properties of both Heusler families: the so-called half-Heusler alloys like NiMnSb and the the full-Heusler alloys like Co$_2$MnGe. \textit{Ab-initio} results suggest that both the electronic and magnetic properties in these compounds are intrinsically related to the appearance of the minority-spin gap. The total spin magnetic moment $M_t$ scales linearly with the number of the valence electrons $Z_t$, such that $M_t=Z_t-24$ for the full-Heusler and $M_t=Z_t-18$ for the half-Heusler alloys, thus opening the way to engineer new half-metallic alloys with the desired magnetic properties.
Mechanism of Frost Formation on Lubricant-Impregnated Surfaces (2013)

Frost formation is a major problem affecting a variety of industries including transportation, power generation, construction, and agriculture. Currently used active chemical, thermal, and mechanical techniques of ice removal are time-consuming and costly. The use of nanotextured coatings infused with perfluorinated oil has recently been proposed as a simple passive antifrosting and anti-icing method. However, we demonstrate that the process of freezing subcooled condensate and frost formation on such lubricant-impregnated surfaces is accompanied by the migration of the lubricant from the wetting ridge and from within the textured substrate to the surface of frozen droplets. For practical applications, this mechanism can comprise the self-healing and frost-repelling characteristics of lubricant impregnated-surfaces, regardless of the underlying substrate's topography. Thus, further research is necessary to develop liquid-texture pairs that will provide a sustainable frost suppression method.
Combining Radiation and Immunotherapy: A New Systemic Therapy for Solid Tumors? (2014)

With the recent success of checkpoint inhibitors and other immunomodulating agents, there has been renewed interest in the combination of such agents with radiation. The biologic premise behind such a strategy is that the tumor-antigen release achieved by localized radiation will promote specific tumor targeting by the adaptive immune system, which can be augmented further by systemic immune-stimulating agents. In this manner, clinicians hope to induce a phenomenon known as the abscopal effect, whereby localized radiation results in immune-mediated tumor regression in disease sites well outside of the radiation field. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the early clinical and preclinical evidence behind this approach.
Mode instability in high power fiber amplifiers (2011)

For powers exceeding a sharp threshold in the vicinity of several hundred watts the beam quality from some narrow bandwidth fiber amplifiers is severely degraded. We show that this can be caused by transverse thermal gradients induced by the amplification process.
A Portable Albumin Binder from a DNA‐Encoded Chemical Library (2008)

Seeing eye to eye: Plasma-protein binding is effective in improving the pharmacokinetic properties of otherwise short-lived molecules. One compound in a class of small portable albumin binders can be used to improve the in vivo circulatory half-life of two widely used contrast agents. It improves the imaging performance of fluorescein in angiographic analysis of the retina of mice (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704936_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance under translation (2003)

Efficient algorithms are provided for computing the Hausdorff distance between a binary image and all possible relative positions (translations) of a model, or a portion of that model. The computation is in many ways similar to binary correlation. However, it is more tolerant of perturbations in the locations of points because it measures proximity rather than exact superposition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ws-2 Introgression in a Proportion of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 Stock Seed Produces Specific Phenotypes and Highlights the Importance of Routine Genetic Verification (2016)

Arabidopsis thaliana is an important model organism with a robust network of resources that has been of enormous value to the plant science research community. The use of isogenic material as a reference point or control is critical for many types of experiments in plant molecular biology and
Characterization of the gene encoding the autotrophic ATP sulfurylase from the bacterial endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila (1994)

ATP sulfurylase is a key enzyme in the energy-generating sulfur oxidation pathways of many chemoautotrophic bacteria. The utilization of reduced sulfur compounds to fuel CO2 fixation by the still-uncultured bacterial endosymbionts provides the basis of nutrition in invertebrates, such as the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The symbiont-containing trophosome tissue contains high levels of ATP sulfurylase activity, facilitating the recent purification of the enzyme. The gene encoding the ATP sulfurylase from the Riftia symbiont (sopT) has now been cloned and sequenced by using the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. Characterization of the sopT gene has unequivocally shown its bacterial origin. This is the first ATP sulfurylase gene to be cloned and sequenced from a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium. The deduced amino acid sequence was compared to those of ATP sulfurylases reported from organisms which assimilate sulfate, resulting in the discovery that there is substantial homology with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MET3 gene product but none with the products of the cysDN genes from Escherichia coli nor with the nodP and nodQ genes from Rhizobium meliloti. This and emerging evidence from other sources suggests that E. coli may be atypical, even among prokaryotic sulfate assimilators, in the enzyme it employs for adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate formation. The sopT gene probe also was shown to specifically identify chemoautotrophic bacteria which utilize ATP sulfurylase to oxidize sulfur compounds.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis—Associated Liver Disease: A Dose–Response Study (1992)

Previous studies from our groups have demonstrated improvements in biochemical markers of liver function when cystic fibrosis patients with associated liver disease were administered oral ursodeoxycholic acid. The magnitude of the response was somewhat less than that found when comparable doses (10 to 15 mg/kg body wt/day) of ursodeoxycholic acid are given to other liver disease patients; this may be explained by the bile acid malabsorption that is characteristic of the disease. For this reason a dose-response study was carried out in nine cystic fibrosis patients with liver disease to establish whether improved efficacy could be obtained with higher doses. Ursodeoxycholic acid in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body wt/day was given orally for consecutive 2-mo periods in a replicated Latin-square design. After this, all patients received 20 mg/kg body wt/day. Liver function, individual serum bile acids and biliary bile acid composition were determined at entry and at the end of each treatment period. Our data demonstrate that the magnitude of the biochemical improvement in serum liver enzymes was significantly greater with higher doses of ursodeoxycholic acid; at 20 mg/kg body wt/day it was similar to that reported for patients with other liver diseases administered lower doses. Biliary ursodeoxycholic acid enrichment increased with increasing doses, attaining 42% +/- 6% of the total biliary bile acids with the highest dose. Fasting serum ursodeoxycholic acid concentrations increased during ursodeoxycholic acid administration but were variable and correlated poorly with the dose of ursodeoxycholic acid administered, whereas no correlation was found between serum ursodeoxycholic acid concentration and the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An In Vitro Assay for the Kinase Activity of mTOR Complex 2 (2011)

The mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) is a protein kinase complex involved in many important physiological processes through the regulation of its substrates, such as Akt, SGK1, and conventional PKC. Its activity is modulated negatively by interaction with DEPTOR and positively by the TSC1-TSC2 protein complex. To study the regulation of mTORC2 activity, it is a common practice to examine the phosphorylation of its substrates in vivo and verify the findings with an in vitro assay of kinase activity. This kinase assay measures the phosphorylation of exogenously derived Akt by mTORC2 immunoprecipitates isolated from cells and can be modified to study the effect of small molecules on mTORC2 activity.
Curcumin and resveratrol induce apoptosis and nuclear translocation and activation of p53 in human neuroblastoma. (2004)

Observations suggest that the cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by curcumin and resveratrol in NB cells may be mediated via functionally activated p53 and merit further study.
Genome Diversity of Spore-Forming Firmicutes (2013)

Formation of heat-resistant endospores is a specific property of the members of the phylum Firmicutes (low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria). It is found in representatives of four different classes of Firmicutes, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, and Negativicutes, which all encode similar sets of core sporulation proteins. Each of these classes also includes non-spore-forming organisms that sometimes belong to the same genus or even species as their spore-forming relatives. This chapter reviews the diversity of the members of phylum Firmicutes, its current taxonomy, and the status of genome-sequencing projects for various subgroups within the phylum. It also discusses the evolution of the Firmicutes from their apparently spore-forming common ancestor and the independent loss of sporulation genes in several different lineages (staphylococci, streptococci, listeria, lactobacilli, ruminococci) in the course of their adaptation to the saprophytic lifestyle in a nutrient-rich environment. It argues that the systematics of Firmicutes is a rapidly developing area of research that benefits from the evolutionary approaches to the ever-increasing amount of genomic and phenotypic data and allows arranging these data into a common framework.
A 330nA energy-harvesting charger with battery management for solar and thermoelectric energy harvesting (2012)

Harvesting energy from ambient energy sources such as solar and thermal gradients is one solution to address the dramatic increase in energy consumption of personal electronics. In this paper, an ultra low quiescent current charger and battery management IC that can efficiently extract energy from solar panels and thermoelectric generators to charge batteries and super capacitors is presented. While previous works on energy harvesting [1-5] report efficient DC-DC converters to extract the energy from the harvester, not all of them provide complete battery management functionality for various chemistries. Also, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) which is critical in energy harvesting applications is not provided in some of the published work. In this paper, a charger and battery management IC with 330nA quiescent current is presented. The IC can cold start from 330mV and 5μW of input power. The charger achieves efficiency greater than 80% at single cell solar voltages of 0.5V. A low quiescent current battery management architecture involving sampled circuits, sub regulated rails and clock gating is demonstrated.