gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of Focal Cerebral Ischemia by Alkalinization of Systemic pH (2002)

These findings suggest that pretreatment with alkalinizing agents may be a useful intervention to provide intraoperative cerebral protection from ischemic injury.
Critical DNA Binding Interactions of the Insulator Protein CTCF (2007)

The DNA-binding protein CTCF (CCCTC binding factor) mediates enhancer blocking insulation at sites throughout the genome and plays an important role in regulating allele-specific expression at the Igf2/H19 locus and at other imprinted loci. Evidence is also accumulating that CTCF is involved in large scale organization of genomic chromatin. Although CTCF has 11 zinc fingers, we show here that only 4 of these are essential to strong binding and that they recognize a core 12-bp DNA sequence common to most CTCF sites. By deleting individual fingers and mutating individual sites, we determined the orientation of binding. Furthermore, we were able to identify the specific finger and its point of DNA interaction that are responsible for the loss of CTCF binding when CpG residues are methylated in the imprinted Igf2/H19 locus. This single interaction appears to be critical for allele-specific binding and insulation by CTCF.
Multiple Join Size Estimation by Virtual Domains. (1993)

In Italy, the introduction of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) has been decided but postponed, as a national programme, until 2015, when data from Regions which have already implemented it will be available. Starting from 2003, eight Italian Regions (Basilicata, Calabria, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Apulia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany and Veneto) have progressively introduced UVV, in their immunization programme, with different schedules in children aged 13-15 months and 5-6 years, currently a two-dose schedule is adopted by all Regions. In June 2013, an Interregional Group on Varicella Vaccination (IGVV) has been established in order to assess the effectiveness of varicella vaccination with standardized and shared tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of varicella vaccination on the incidence and hospitalizations due to varicella and its complications in the period 2003-2012 in order to support the Italian decision makers on the future national adoption. Preliminary data showed that a general reduction of incidence and hospitalization rates was observed in the study period, resulting in relevant savings for the National Health Service. Immunization coverage with first dose at 24 months of age was high in all Regions (84%-95%) in 2012. Adverse events due to varicella vaccines were rare and without permanent sequelae. Underreporting of varicella cases and delays in the administration of the first dose of varicella vaccines were the main critical issues. In conclusion, solid evidences in support of universal UVV arise from the experiences available today in Italy.
Intra-ocular lens calculation status after corneal refractive surgery (2001)

The transition from incisional methods such as radial keratotomy (RK) to excimer laser surgery, eg, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has dramatically increased the volume of corneal refractive surgery performed worldwide in recent years. As the current younger generation of patients who have undergone refractive surgery ages, we can assume that the presently small number of postrefractive patients requiring cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation will increase correspondingly. This article addresses the problems encountered with calculating intraocular lens power after corneal refractive procedures. Starting with a description of keratometry in normal eyes, the causes of evident mismeasurements and miscalculation of the corneal power after keratorefractive surgery will be discussed, and different approaches to improving IOL power prediction will be described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Substituted Glycine Peptoid Libraries (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Purification and Properties of 2-Halo Acid Dehalogenase fromPseudomonas putida (1982)

Journal Article Purification and Properties of 2-Halo Acid Dehalogenase from Pseudomonas putida Get access Kenzo Motosugi, Kenzo Motosugi Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Present address: Research and Development Center, UNITIKA Ltd., Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuyoshi Esaki, Nobuyoshi Esaki Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Soda Kenji Soda Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 3, 1 March 1982, Pages 837–838, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865158 Published: 01 March 1982 Article history Received: 22 October 1981 Published: 01 March 1982
Transformation of NIH 3T3 Cells by HER3 or HER4 Receptors Requires the Presence of HER1 or HER2 (1996)

Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. The ability of one EGFR subfamily member to influence, or function synergistically with, another is likely to be a general feature of these receptors. To assess the role of receptor heterodimerization, we analyzed the ability of Neu differentiation factor (NDF) to induce cell growth and transformation of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with different combinations of the EGFR subfamily of receptors. NDF induced mitogenesis, but not transformation, of cells expressing either HER3 or HER4 alone. However, NDF-induced cell transformation was observed when either HER1 or HER2 was coexpressed with HER3 or HER4. In analogous receptor phosphorylation experiments, NDF-induced transphosphorylation appears to be correlated with synergistic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Interestingly, transphosphorylation between HER1 and HER4 can be stimulated by either EGF or NDF.
High Directivity CTL-Couplers and a New Technique for the Measurement of CTLl-Coupler Parameters (1977)

A very powerful method to measure the parameters of a one-section Coupled Transmission Line (CTL) coupler is presented. Three transmission measurements at the frequency of maximum coupling is sufficient to give the even- and odd-mode impedances (Z/sub e/,Z/sub 0/) and the even- and odd-mode lengths (Theta/sub e/,Theta/sub 0). Explicit equations are presented for the necessary calculations. Data for some stripline couplers measured with the new method are presented. The data show a very significant length difference between the even and odd modes, although boards with the same dielectric constant (measured according to the MIL standard) were used. Improved dielectric-constant measurement techniques for thin boards have been developed. The presented methods give more relevant information of dielectric constant and Q value of the thin boards. A new method for wide-band improvement of CTL-coupler directivity when Theta/sub e/ /spl ne/ Theta/sub 0/ has been developed. The theory is presented with all necessary equations and it covers both Theta/sub e/ > Theta/sub 0/ (microstrip) and Theta/sub e/ < Theta/sub 0/. The new method makes use of short compensating sections in the coupler to achieve a directivity pole at an arbitrary frequency. The wanted bandwidth determines the optimum location of the pole. Several examples with design data are given.
Charateristics of Low Temperature High Quality Silicon Oxide by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition with In Situ Plasma Densification Process (2013)

We have researched low temperature silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) with improved electrical properties and excellent film step-coverage. In-situ O 2 plasma densification (DENSIFICATION) effect on SiO 2 that has been deposited by PE-ALD at temperature (&lt;400°C) was investigated. The wet etch rate was controllable as a function of DENSIFICAION time due to repairing of the SiO 2 network defects by the oxygen radicals. Angle Resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AR-XPS) analysis was carried out to observe the core-level binding energies shifts (chemical shifts) in the different SiO 2 films. The characteristics of wet etch rate of high quality low temperature SiO 2 demonstrated lower than high temperature LP-CVD SiO 2 values. Compared to LP-CVD SiO 2 , PE-ALD SiO 2 with DENSIFICATION showed excellent I-V characteristics with lower leakage current and similar to the thermal SiO 2 carrier transport plot.
Molecular basis of defective anion transport in L cells expressing recombinant forms of CFTR (1993)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a chloride channel called the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A single mutation in this gene, deletion of three nucleotides that leads to the absence of phenylalanine 508 (i.e., delta F508), is found on 70% of all CF chromosomes. To explore the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for defective chloride transport in patients with CF, we have studied the processing, localization, and function of wild type (W.T.), delta F508 and G551D CFTR (a G-->D missense mutation at position 551) in retrovirus transduced L cells. Cell transduced with W.T. CFTR expressed a 170 kd CFTR protein that was endoglycosidase H (Endo H) resistant, localized to the plasma membrane, and generated a cAMP-mediated anion conductance (GCl) when stimulated with standard concentrations of forskolin (5 microM), cpt cAMP (400 microM) and IBMX (100 microM). The G551D CFTR was indistinguishable from W.T. CFTR with respect to post-translational processing and localization, but it did not produce a cAMP-activated GCl in response to the standard stimulation cocktail. However, raising the IBMX concentration to 4 mM produced GCl in G551D expressing cells. Cells transduced with delta F508 CFTR expressed an Endo H sensitive CFTR protein (approximately 140 kd) that was found in a cytosolic, perinuclear location. These cells did not respond to the standard cocktail, but approximately 20% of cells increased GCl when the cocktail contained 4 mM IBMX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection (2008)

The precise identification of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) responsible for productive clinical infection could be instrumental in elucidating the molecular basis of HIV-1 transmission and in designing effective vaccines. Here, we developed a mathematical model of random viral evolution and, together with phylogenetic tree construction, used it to analyze 3,449 complete env sequences derived by single genome amplification from 102 subjects with acute HIV-1 (clade B) infection. Viral env genes evolving from individual transmitted or founder viruses generally exhibited a Poisson distribution of mutations and star-like phylogeny, which coalesced to an inferred consensus sequence at or near the estimated time of virus transmission. Overall, 78 of 102 subjects had evidence of productive clinical infection by a single virus, and 24 others had evidence of productive clinical infection by a minimum of two to five viruses. Phenotypic analysis of transmitted or early founder Envs revealed a consistent pattern of CCR5 dependence, masking of coreceptor binding regions, and equivalent or modestly enhanced resistance to the fusion inhibitor T1249 and broadly neutralizing antibodies compared with Envs from chronically infected subjects. Low multiplicity infection and limited viral evolution preceding peak viremia suggest a finite window of potential vulnerability of HIV-1 to vaccine-elicited immune responses, although phenotypic properties of transmitted Envs pose a formidable defense.
Migraine in the United States: a review of epidemiology and health care use. (1993)

According to the American Migraine Study, 17.6% of females and 6.0% of males in the United States currently suffer from severe migraine. These findings are based on the responses of more than 20,000 people to a self-administered questionnaire mailed to respondents. The study reveals that migraine prevalence varies according to age, gender, and income. Despite high rates of headache-related disability, the study also shows that most people with migraine have never been diagnosed by a doctor or treated with prescription medications. To improve diagnosis and treatment of migraine, public health interventions are indicated.
Cri du chat syndrome: Changing phenotype in older patients (2000)

The cri du chat syndrome or 5p deletion syndrome is a well-delineated clinical entity and has an incidence of 1/50,000 in newborn infants. A de novo deletion is present in 85% of the patients. Ten to 15% are familial cases with more than 90% due to a parental translocation and 5% due to an inversion of chromosome 5. Although the size of the deleted segment varies, the critical segment that is deleted in all patients appears to be 5p15.2. The clinical picture is well known in younger patients and includes the typical high-pitched cry, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, growth rate failure, and craniofacial abnormalities including round face, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, downward slanting palpebral fissures, and micrognathia. With advancing age, the clinical picture becomes less striking. We present seven patients with 5p deletion syndrome, who were between age 16 and 47 years. Comparing their phenotype at several ages, a change of their phenotype was noted. Some of the clinical characteristics became more evident such as long face, macrostomia, and scoliosis. All patients were severely or profoundly mentally retarded except one patient who was mildly mentally retarded. The diagnosis was difficult to make in some of the patients who were first seen at an older age. In some of them, the craniofacial appearance resembled that seen in Angelman syndrome. Most patients had periods of destructive behavior, self mutilation, and aggression. The clinical diagnosis should be confirmed as soon as possible with cytogenetic investigation to provide specific support, prevention, and treatment of complications. Therefore, it is important to perform follow-up studies in young children to determine their outcome after infant-stimulation programs.
Stress responses and innate immunity: aging as a contributory factor (2004)

Evolutionary pressure has selected individuals with traits that allow them to survive to reproduction, without consideration of the consequences for the post-child rearing years and old age. In the 21st century, society is populated increasingly by the elderly and with the falling birth rate and improved health care this trend is set to continue for the foreseeable future. To minimize the potential burden on health services one would hope that 'growing old gracefully' should also mean 'growing old healthily'. However, for too many the aging process is accompanied by increasing physical and mental frailty producing an elevated risk of physical and psychological stress in old age. Stress is a potent modulator of immune function, which in youth can be compensated for by the presence of an optimal immune response. In the elderly the immune response is blunted as a result of the decline in several components of the immune system (immune senescence) and a shifting to a chronic pro-inflammatory status (the so-called 'inflamm-aging' effect). We discuss here what is known of the effects of both stress and aging upon the innate immune system, focusing in particular upon the age-related alterations in the hypopituitary-adrenal axis. We propose a double hit model for age and stress in which the age-related increase in the cortisol/sulphated dehydroepiandrosterone ratio synergizes with elevated cortisol during stress to reduce immunity in the elderly significantly.
Structure of human T-cell receptors specific for an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide: positioning of T-cell receptors on HLA-DR2/peptide complexes. (1995)

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize peptide bound within the relatively conserved structural framework of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules but can discriminate between closely related MHC molecules. The structural basis for the specificity of ternary complex formation by the TCR and MHC/peptide complexes was examined for myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell clones restricted by different DR2 subtypes. Conserved features of this system allowed a model for positioning of the TCR on DR2/peptide complexes to be developed: (i) The DR2 subtypes that presented the immunodominant MBP peptide differed only at a few polymorphic positions of the DR beta chain. (ii) TCR recognition of a polymorphic residue on the helical portion of the DR beta chain (position DR beta 67) was important in determining the MHC restriction. (iii) The TCR variable region (V) alpha 3.1 gene segment was used by all of the T-cell clones. TCR V beta usage was more diverse but correlated with the MHC restriction--i.e., with the polymorphic DR beta chains. (iv) Two clones with conserved TCR alpha chains but different TCR beta chains had a different MHC restriction but a similar peptide specificity. The difference in MHC restriction between these T-cell clones appeared due to recognition of a cluster of polymorphic DR beta-chain residues (DR beta 67-71). MBP-(85-99)-specific TCRs therefore appeared to be positioned on the DR2/peptide complex such that the TCR beta chain contacted the polymorphic DR beta-chain helix while the conserved TCR alpha chain contacted the nonpolymorphic DR alpha chain.
Vision for mobile robot navigation: a survey (2002)

Surveys the developments of the last 20 years in the area of vision for mobile robot navigation. Two major components of the paper deal with indoor navigation and outdoor navigation. For each component, we have further subdivided our treatment of the subject on the basis of structured and unstructured environments. For indoor robots in structured environments, we have dealt separately with the cases of geometrical and topological models of space. For unstructured environments, we have discussed the cases of navigation using optical flows, using methods from the appearance-based paradigm, and by recognition of specific objects in the environment.
Interleukin 12: Stumbling Blocks and Stepping Stones to Effective Anti-Tumor Therapy (2012)

Advancements in Tumor Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines 198 promising anti-tumor responses in the absence of toxicities induced by systemic infusion seen in earlier studies. Thus, based on these clinical trials, the potent anti-tumor effects of IL-12 can best be harnessed by restricting its administration directly into the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, optimal utilization of the anti-tumor efficacy of IL-12 may be realized utilizing novel approaches whereby the cytokine is delivered directly to the site of the tumor with limited systemic distribution to avoid previously observed toxicities. In this chapter, we review the biology of IL-12 and the predicted mechanisms whereby this cytokine may mediate anti-tumor endogenous immune responses. We further discuss preclinical studies to support the utilization of IL-12 in cancer therapy as well as clinical trial data, which, in part, have tempered enthusiasm for IL-12 as an effective anti-tumor reagent in the clinical setting due to associated toxicities. Finally, we present and discuss previously published approaches to overcome systemic toxicity through targeted delivery of IL-12 directly into the tumor microenvironment.
Reinforcement Learning with Experience Replay for Model-Free Humanoid Walking Optimization (2014)

In this paper, a control system for humanoid robot walking is approximately optimized by means of reinforcement learning. Given is a 18 DOF humanoid whose gait is based on replaying a simple trajectory. This trajectory is translated into a reactive policy. A neural network whose input represents the robot state learns to produce appropriate output that additively modifies the initial control. The learning algorithm applied is actor–critic with experience replay. In 50 min of learning, the slow initial gait changes to a dexterous and fast walking. No model of the robot dynamics is engaged. The methodology in use is generic and can be applied to optimize control systems for diverse robots of comparable complexity.
Epidemiology of urticaria: a representative cross-sectional population survey (2010)

Urticaria is a common disease with marked effects on QOL. The lifetime prevalence of 8.8% for urticaria must be regarded as a lower limit as it is based on conservative prevalence rate calculations, and under-reporting of previous disease can be expected in a questionnaire-based study.
Fully Homomorphic Encryption without Squashing Using Depth-3 Arithmetic Circuits. (2011)

We describe a new approach for constructing fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes. Previous FHE schemes all use the same blueprint from [Gentry 2009]: First construct a somewhat homomorphic encryption (SWHE) scheme, next \squash the decryption circuit until it is simple enough to be handled within the homomorphic capacity of the SWHE scheme, and nally \bootstrap to get a FHE scheme. In all existing schemes, the squashing technique induces an additional assumption: that the sparse subset sum problem (SSSP) is hard. Our new approach constructs FHE as a hybrid of a SWHE and a multiplicatively homomorphic encryption (MHE) scheme, such as Elgamal. Our construction eliminates the need for the squashing step, and thereby also removes the need to assume the SSSP is hard. We describe a few concrete instantiations of the new method, including a \simple FHE scheme where we replace SSSP with Decision Die-Hellman, an optimization of the simple scheme that let us \compress the FHE ciphertext into a single Elgamal ciphertext(!), and a scheme whose security can be (quantumly) reduced to the approximate ideal-SIVP. We stress that the new approach still relies on bootstrapping, but it shows how to bootstrap without having to \squash the decryption circuit. The main technique is to express the decryption function of SWHE schemes as a depth-3 ( PQP ) arithmetic circuit of a particular form. When evaluating this circuit homomorphically (as needed for bootstrapping), we temporarily switch to a MHE scheme, such as Elgamal, to handle the Q part. Due to the special form of the circuit, the switch to the MHE scheme can be done without having to evaluate anything homomorphically. We then translate the result back to the SWHE scheme by homomorphically evaluating the decryption function of the MHE scheme. Using our method, the SWHE scheme only needs to be capable of evaluating the MHE scheme’s decryption function, not its own decryption function. We thereby avoid the circularity that necessitated squashing in the original blueprint.