gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cu2[o-Br-C6H3(CO2)2]2(H2O)2·(DMF)8(H2O)2:  A Framework Deliberately Designed To Have the NbO Structure Type (2001)

The synthesis of an NbO-type metal-organic framework was achieved by design: o-Br-BDC (BDC = benzenedicarboxylate) was used to direct the formation of Cu2(CO2)4 paddle wheel units at 90 degrees to each other and thus yield the target network. The compound was formulated as Cu2[o-Br-BDC]2(H2O)2.(DMF)8(H2O)2 (MOF-101) and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [cubic, space group Imm (No. 229) with a = 21.607(3) A, V = 10088(2) A3, Z = 6], which fully confirmed the presence of the expected structure. Despite having very large apertures and voids, MOF-101 has a noninterpenetrated structure, an intriguing observation that is discussed in the context of dual structures.
Spherical Fractal Convolutional Neural Networks for Point Cloud Recognition (2019)

We present a generic, flexible and 3D rotation invariant framework based on spherical symmetry for point cloud recognition. By introducing regular icosahedral lattice and its fractals to approximate and discretize sphere, convolution can be easily implemented to process 3D points. Based on the fractal structure, a hierarchical feature learning framework together with an adaptive sphere projection module is proposed to learn deep feature in an end-to-end manner. Our framework not only inherits the strong representation power and generalization capability from convolutional neural networks for image recognition, but also extends CNN to learn robust feature resistant to rotations and perturbations. The proposed model is effective yet robust. Comprehensive experimental study demonstrates that our approach can achieve competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art techniques on both 3D object classification and part segmentation tasks, meanwhile, outperform other rotation invariant models on rotated 3D object classification and retrieval tasks by a large margin.
Distinct Gut Microbiota in Southeastern African and Northern European Infants (2012)

The gut microbiota of 6-month-old infants in a low-income country differs significantly from that in a high-income country. This may have an effect on both the energy harvest from the diet typifying malnutrition and diarrheal diseases in low-income countries and Western lifestyle diseases in high-income countries.
Genome Analyses of Icelandic Strains ofSulfolobus islandicus, Model Organisms for Genetic and Virus-Host Interaction Studies (2011)

ABSTRACT The genomes of two Sulfolobus islandicus strains obtained from Icelandic solfataras were sequenced and analyzed. Strain REY15A is a host for a versatile genetic toolbox. It exhibits a genome of minimal size, is stable genetically, and is easy to grow and manipulate. Strain HVE10/4 shows a broad host range for exceptional crenarchaeal viruses and conjugative plasmids and was selected for studying their life cycles and host interactions. The genomes of strains REY15A and HVE10/4 are 2.5 and 2.7 Mb, respectively, and each genome carries a variable region of 0.5 to 0.7 Mb where major differences in gene content and gene order occur. These include gene clusters involved in specific metabolic pathways, multiple copies of VapBC antitoxin-toxin gene pairs, and in strain HVE10/4, a 50-kb region rich in glycosyl transferase genes. The variable region also contains most of the insertion sequence (IS) elements and high proportions of the orphan orfB elements and SMN1 miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs), as well as the clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based immune systems, which are complex and diverse in both strains, consistent with them having been mobilized both intra- and intercellularly. In contrast, the remainder of the genomes are highly conserved in their protein and RNA gene syntenies, closely resembling those of other S. islandicus and Sulfolobus solfataricus strains, and they exhibit only minor remnants of a few genetic elements, mainly conjugative plasmids, which have integrated at a few tRNA genes lacking introns. This provides a possible rationale for the presence of the introns.
A Biocatalytic Route to Enantiomerically Pure Unsaturated α-H-α-Amino Acids (2001)

A set of both enantiomeric forms of non-proteinogenic, unsaturated α-H-α-amino acids was efficiently synthesized using a biocatalytic pathway. This route involved the straightforward synthesis of the required unsaturated amino acid amides, followed by resolution with an aminopeptidase present in Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 and/or a genetically modified organism, leading to the (S)-acids and (R)-amides. Undesired amino acid racemase activity was identified in the wild-type strain, which was absent in the newly developed organism. The (R)-amides were hydrolyzed under mild conditions using an amidase present in whole cells from Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 11540 to the (R)-acids. The viability of this procedure was demonstrated with the multi-gram synthesis of a variety of unsaturated amino acids in excellent enantiopurity.
Pulse-Modulation Imaging—Review and Performance Analysis (2011)

In time-domain or pulse-modulation (PM) imaging, the incident light intensity is not encoded in amounts of charge, voltage, or current as it is in conventional image sensors. Instead, the image data are represented by the timing of pulses or pulse edges. This method of visual information encoding optimizes the phototransduction individually for each pixel by abstaining from imposing a fixed integration time for the entire array. Exceptionally high dynamic range (DR) and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are immediate benefits of this approach. In particular, DR is no longer limited by the power-supply rails as in conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor active pixel sensors, thus providing relative immunity to the supply-voltage scaling of modern CMOS technologies. In addition, PM imaging naturally supports pixel-parallel analog-to-digital conversion, thereby enabling high temporal resolution/frame rates or an asynchronous event-based array readout. The applications of PM imaging in emerging areas, such as sensor network, wireless endoscopy, retinal prosthesis, polarization imaging, and energy harvesting are surveyed to demonstrate the effectiveness of PM imaging in low-power, high-performance machine vision, and biomedical applications of the future. The evolving design innovations made in PM imaging, such as high-speed arbitration circuits and ultra-compact processing elements, are expected to have even wider impacts in disciplines beyond CMOS image sensors. This paper thoroughly reviews and classifies all common PM image sensor architectures. Analytical models and a universal figure of merit - image quality and dynamic range to energy complexity factor are proposed to quantitatively assess different PM imagers across the entire spectrum of PM architectures.
Multicenter Randomized Comparative Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Zinc Gluconate versus Minocycline Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Inflammatory Acne vulgaris (2001)

Minocycline and zinc gluconate are both effective in the treatment of inflammatory acne, but minocycline has a superior effect evaluated to be 17% in our study.
Antisense RNA Inhibition of Expression of a Pair of Tandemly Repeated Genes Results in a Delay in Cell–Cell Adhesion in Dictyostelium (1991)

Two tandem genes code for a protein recognized by antibodies to gp24, a small surface protein implicated in cell-cell adhesion of Dictyostelium discoideum. However, these genes do not appear to code for gp24 itself. We have transformed cells with a cloned vector that directs the synthesis of antisense RNA from one of the pair of tandemly repeated genes during the first 4 hr of development. During this period, gp24 protein fails to accumulate and the cells do not become mutually adhesive. Antisense RNA encoded by this vector is unstable and rapidly disappears after synthesis stops. gp24 protein then accumulates and the cells acquire cell-cell adhesion and proceed through development.
Serum Decay and Placental Transport of a Mutant Mouse Myeloma Immunoglobulin with Defective Polypeptide and Oligosaccharide Structure (1979)

Abstract A mutant mouse myeloma cell line, M3.11, has been previously isolated from an IgG2b-producing wild type. The immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by M3.11 has been shown in other studies to have the following structural defects: 1) deletion of the Cγ3 domain; 2) failure to glycosylate 30 to 40% of its secreted heavy (H) chains; and 3) a block in assembly with approximately equal amounts of whole molecule (H2L2) and half-molecule (HL) being secreted. In addition, the sialic acid content of the wild type and the mutant is similar and minimal. Experiments comparing two biologic functions of these Ig demonstrated that M3.11 had a markedly increased serum decay and a more rapid placental transport than the wild type. The three distinct M3.11 species, H2L2, nonglycosylated HL, and glycosylated HL, all had indistinguishable serum half-lives. In addition, M3.11 in vitro exhibited an increased sensitivity to trypsin and a more acidic pI than the wild type. These results support several conclusions regarding the structural features influencing Ig serum decay. Firstly, the serum decay and placental transport of Ig seem to be determined by the H chain polypeptide and not by the presence or absence of carbohydrate in general or of sialic acid in particular. Secondly, those aspects of protein structure that do influence serum decay are not restricted to a single domain but probably represent a complex interaction of multiple sites on the Ig molecule.
Derivation of New Readability Formulas (Automated Readability Index, Fog Count and Flesch Reading Ease Formula) for Navy Enlisted Personnel (1975)

Abstract : Three readability formulas were recalculated to be more suitable for Navy use. The three formulas are the Automated Readability Index (ARI), Fog Count, and Flesch Reading Ease Formula. They were derived from test results of 531 Navy enlisted personnel enrolled in four technical training schools. Personnel were tested for their reading comprehension level according to the comprehension section of the Gates-McGinitie reading test. At the same time, they were tested for their comprehension of 18 passages taken from Rate Training Manuals. Scores on the reading test and training material passages allowed the calculation of the grade level of the passages. This scaled reading grade level is based on Navy personnel reading Navy training material and comprehending it.
Blood pressure tracking capabilities of pulse transit times in different arterial segments: A clinical evaluation (2009)

In recent decades many research effort has been expended in the field of noninvasive, continuous blood pressure (BP) estimation by cardiovascular surrogate parameters, mainly the pulse transit time (PTT). Due to differences in the measurement setup and in the consideration of important physiological aspects, however, there is a multitude of inconsistent statements about the BP tracking capabilities of the parameter PTT in literature. For the purpose of comparing the PTTs on different arterial segments regarding their suitability for central BP estimation - with or without the influence of important physiological aspects - an appropriate clinical trial has been conducted, whereas significant differences could be observed.
Fine-grained power modeling for smartphones using system call tracing (2011)

Accurate, fine-grained online energy estimation and accounting of mobile devices such as smartphones is of critical importance to understanding and debugging the energy consumption of mobile applications. We observe that state-of-the-art, utilization-based power modeling correlates the (actual) utilization of a hardware component with its power state, and hence is insufficient in capturing several power behavior not directly related to the component utilization in modern smartphones. Such behavior arise due to various low level power optimizations programmed in the device drivers. We propose a new, system-call-based power modeling approach which gracefully encompasses both utilization-based and non-utilization-based power behavior. We present the detailed design of such a power modeling scheme and its implementation on Android and Windows Mobile. Our experimental results using a diverse set of applications confirm that the new model significantly improves the fine-grained as well as whole-application energy consumption accuracy. We further demonstrate fine-grained energy accounting enabled by such a fined-grained power model, via amanually implemented eprof, the energy counterpart of the classic gprof tool, for profiling application energy drain.
Reduction of antenna dimensions by dielectric loading (1974)

Measurements are presented to show that Yagi and resonant-slot antennas can be reduced in size if loaded with dielectric material. The effect on bandwidth, radiation resistance and the radiation patterns is discussed, and the loss in the material is recognised as the crucial parameter constraining the usefulness of this loading technique.
Computer translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature. 4. Concise connection tables to structure diagrams (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer translation of IUPAC systematic organic chemical nomenclature. 4. Concise connection tables to structure diagramsD. I. Cooke-Fox, G. H. Kirby, M. R. Lord, and J. D. RaynerCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1990, 30, 2, 122–127Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00066a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00066a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laboratory testing of gonadal steroids in children. (2007)

Accurate measurement of serum gonadal steroid concentrations in children is critical for the accurate diagnosis of a multitude of pediatric endocrine disorders. Immunoassays, often "direct" without extraction or chromatographic separation have become the principal methods for determining values of testosterone and estrogen. While these assays may be validated in adults, given their higher levels of hormones, these methods do not produce accurate results in children with lower levels of these steroids. In recent years, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry has emerged as the most accurate method for measuring the low androgen and estrogen levels in children. Additionally, new bioassays using recombinant engineered cells with steroid receptors hold promise for the future. Although offering a noninvasive approach, salivary testosterone measurements in children do not have proven sensitivity and specificity and cannot be generally recommended for clinical use. Clinicians must give as much attention to the methods used to determine their patients'gonadal steroid values as to the reported values themselves.
A simple grid generation method (1998)

This paper presents a simple grid generation method which adopts the uni-directional interpolation idea but only interpolates one co-ordinate between two opposite boundaries. The use of this new scheme showed that (a) it is convenient to use; and (b) compared with the built-in grid generator of certain commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, it saves time significantly. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the oligosaccharide chains of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor. II. Structure of oligosaccharides. (1980)

Human alpha 1-protease inhibitor has three oligosaccharide side chains attached to 3 separate asparaginyl residues of the protein by N-glycosyl linkages. Two of the three asparaginyl residues link mostly to the A-type oligosaccharide chains which consist of Man3, Gal2, (GlcNAc)4 and (NeuAc)2. One of the three asparaginyl residues also attaches to a B-type oligosaccharide chain, which consists of Man3, Gal3, (GlcNAc)5, and (NeuAc)3. The ratio of A-chain to B-chain in this particular position is about 2:1. The structures of A- and B-chains of the glycoprotein were examined by periodate oxidation, sequential glycosidase digestion, and permethylation. The results unequivocally revealed the following structure for A-chains. (Formula: see text). B-type oligosaccharide chains have an additional trisaccharide, i.e. NeuAc 2 alpha leads to 3 Gal 1 beta leads to 4 GlcNAc attached to mannose at the (a) and/or (b) position of A-type chains by a beta 1 leads to 4 linkage. The sialic acid of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor was determined to be N-acetylneuraminic acid.
Costimulation of T lymphocytes with integrin ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induces functional expression of CTLA-4, a second receptor for B7. (1994)

Costimulation by the CD28 ligand B7/BB1 plays an important role during T cell proliferation primarily by augmenting synthesis of IL-2 and other cytokines. Resting CD4+ T cells express CD28 but not CTLA-4 on their surface. Costimulation of T cells with ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 induced CTLA-4 expression and up-regulated CD28 expression. CD28 and CTLA-4 were independently distributed on the surface of activated T lymphoblasts. When co-immobilized with anti-TCR mAb both anti-CD28 and anti-CTLA-4 mAb augmented T cell proliferation. Although anti-CD28-mediated augmentation of T cell proliferation was stronger than that seen with anti-CTLA-4 mAb, together these two mAb caused supraadditive augmentation of T cell proliferation. The augmentation of the effects of anti-CD28 mAb by anti-CTLA-4 mAb was greater at low occupancy of CD28 by anti-CD28 mAb. Costimulation of CD28+ CTLA-4+ T cells with anti-CTLA-4 caused three- to fivefold increase in IL-2 production, whereas similar treatment with anti-CD28 caused > 40-fold increase. The costimulatory effect of B7 on primed T cells was partially inhibited by Fab anti-CD28 mAb. Anti-CTLA-4 mAb alone did not inhibit B7-induced response but caused modest increase in the inhibitory effect of anti-CD28 Fab. On integrin-mediated costimulation, Ag-specific CD4+ T cell lines also up-regulated their CTLA-4 expression, and proliferation of these cells was augmented by anti-CTLA-4 mAb. Unlike that of CD28, ligation of CTLA-4 alone failed to mobilize intracellular [Ca2+]. However, coligation of CTLA-4 and TCR induced stronger [Ca2+] response in Ag-specific T cell lines than that seen with TCR alone. These results suggest that integrin-costimulated T cells express CTLA-4 and can be costimulated via CTLA-4. Optimal development of various immune functions may involve combined costimulation via both CD28 and CTLA-4.
Self-focusing and self-trapping of optical beams upon photopolymerization (1996)

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that optical beams are self-focused and self-trapped upon initiating photopolymerization. This unique nonlinear optical phenomenon is dependent on the optical exposure and produces permanent index-of-refraction changes larger than 0.04. The resulting nonlinear wave equation is shown to be nonlocal in time and displays self-trapped solutions only for sufficiently low average optical intensities.
Detection of Local Protein Structures along DNA Using Solid-State Nanopores (2009)

Nanopores have been successfully employed as a new tool to rapidly detect single biopolymers, in particular DNA. When a molecule is driven through a nanopore by an externally applied electric field, it causes a characteristic temporary change in the trans-pore current. Here, we examine the translocation of DNA with discrete patches of the DNA-repair protein RecA attached along its length. Using the fact that RecA-coated DNA and bare DNA yield very different current-blockade signatures, we demonstrate that it is possible to map the locations of the proteins along the length of a single molecule using a solid-state nanopore. This is achieved at high speed and without any staining. We currently obtain a spatial resolution of about 8 nm, or 5 RecA proteins binding to 15 base pairs of DNA, and we discuss possible extensions to single protein resolution. The results are a crucial first step toward genomic screening, as they demonstrate the feasibility of reading off information along DNA at high resolution with a solid-state nanopore.
Abstract 3636: Targeting the MLL complex in castration resistant prostate cancer (2015)

Abstract Resistance to androgen deprivation therapies and increased androgen receptor (AR) activity are major drivers of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Substantial prior work has focused on targeting AR directly; however, the identification and therapeutic targeting of co-activators of AR signaling remains an underexplored area of potential clinical significance. Here we demonstrate that the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) complex, a well-known contributor in MLL-fusion-positive leukemia, acts as a co-activator of AR signaling. AR directly interacts with the MLL complex via its critical subunit, menin. Small molecule inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction blocks AR signaling and inhibits the growth of castration resistant tumors in vivo. Furthermore, we find that menin is up-regulated in castration resistant prostate cancer and high expression correlates with poor overall survival. Taken together, our study identifies the MLL complex as a critical co-activator of AR that can be targeted in advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rohit Malik, Amjad P. Khan, Irfan A. Asangani, Marcin Cieślik, John R. Prensner, Xiaoju Wang, Matthew K. Iyer, Xia Jiang, Dmitry Borkin, June Escara-Wilke, Rachell Stender, Yi-Mi Wu, Xuhong Cao, Felix Y. Feng, Jolanta Grembecka, Tomasz Cierpicki, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Targeting the MLL complex in castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3636. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3636
Circulating Tumor Cells as Prognostic Factor for Distant Metastases and Survival in Patients with Primary Uveal Melanoma (2007)

The presence of tyrosinase or MelanA/MART1 transcripts is an independent prognostic factor in patients with high-risk primary uveal melanoma for subsequent development of metastases and for survival and can be used to select patients for adjuvant treatment studies.