gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IC‐P‐088: Effects of 12 months of treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone on brain glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: A 18F‐FDG PET study (2009)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) leads to a progressive reduction of brain metabolism, which correlates with disease severity and is detectable with 18F-FDG PET, Rosiglitazone was demonstrated to have a favorable effect on cognitive function in AD1, 2. We assessed the effects of rosiglitazone on brain metabolism over a 12-month period in a pilot double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized parallel group study. Eighty patients with mild-to-moderate AD (MMSE 16-23) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a daily dose of either rosiglitazone (8 mg extended release), or placebo, and underwent four 18F-FDG PET scans (baseline, 1, 6 and 12 months) and three T1 weighted structural MRI (baseline, 6 and 12 months). Commonly used clinical inventories (ADAS-Cog, CIBIC+), specific cognitive domain tests, APOϵ4 genotype and a variety of plasma biomarkers were also collected. Dynamic PET emission data, and discrete venous blood 18F-FDG samples were used to calculate a cerebral metabolic rate for glucose index (CMRgluI) - a parameter directly proportional to brain glucose metabolism - in brain regions known to be involved in early stages of AD (Posterior Cingulate, Posterior Temporal, Parietal, Frontal, Medial Temporal), and the cerebellum. A GlobalGrey region comprising the whole brain grey matter was also assessed. Individual patient CMRgluI were analyzed using separate mixed-effects models for repeated measures, primary inference being changes at 12 months. Data from 78 patients were used in the analysis of the PET study. GMRgluI change was similar in all brain regions examined, hence the figures below refer to the GlobalGrey. The decline in CMRgluI in the rosiglitazone group was lower than in the placebo group at all points (6.3% vs 13.1%, 2. 6% vs. 7.1% and -1.5% vs 4.7% at 12, 6 and 1 months, respectively). However, group differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17, 0.25 and 0.23 at 12, 6 and 1 months, respectively). No statistically significant differences were seen in the clinical assessments conducted. Subjects treated with Avandia XR showed a trend towards a lower rate of decline in CMRgluI compared to patients treated with placebo, but statistical significance was not reached.
Modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) polymers by aliphatic carboxylic acids via reactive blending (1998)

The modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) with a series of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids via reactive blending was studied. The method involves the reaction in the melt of polymer hydroxyl groups with carboxylic acids using a laboratory scale reactor, a medium-scale Brabender rheomixer, and a large-scale twin-screw extruder. The presence of the long aliphatic chains acted as lubricants during reactive processing. The reactivity was generally low, and increased with decreasing chain length of the acids. All modified polymers displayed lower temperature thermal transitions and improved thermal stabilities compared to the parent polymer. Thermogravimetry established that polymers incorporating short chain residues were more thermally stable than their long-chain analogs. The polymer obtained in the twin-screw extruder showed a higher degree of incorporation with improved thermal stability compared to the polymers obtained in the laboratory mixer or the rheomixer. Intermediate degree of incorporation and thermal stability was exhibited by the polymers obtained in the rheomixer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1885–1890, 1998
Analytical Performance of a Glucose Biosensor Prepared by Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase and Different Metals into a Carbon Paste Electrode (2002)

Enzymatic metallized carbon paste electrodes prepared by incorporation of mixtures of different metals into the paste offer a substantial decrease in the overvoltage for hydrogen peroxide oxidation and reduction. Dramatic improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity for glucose determination were obtained after the addition of iridium into carbon paste electrodes (CPE) containing glucose oxidase and palladium, copper or ruthenium. In all cases a synergistic effect was observed with a large enhancement in sensitivity obtained specially in the case of palladium-composite materials. The improvement in selectivity was more evident in the case of copper and palladium carbon paste enzymatic electrodes containing iridium where even in the presence of large excess of ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen, no interference was observed. A linear relationship between current and glucose concentration was obtained up to 1.5×10−2 M (2.7 g/L) glucose in the case of Pd(2.65%)-Ir(8.00%)-GOx(7.00%)-CPE. The effect of metals and enzyme content on the analytical performance of the bioelectrodes is analyzed.
COMP-angiopoietin-1 promotes wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and blood flow in a diabetic mouse model (2006)

Microvascular dysfunction is a major cause of impaired wound healing seen in diabetic patients. Therefore, reestablishment of structural and functional microvasculature could be beneficial to promote wound healing in these patients. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a specific growth factor functioning to generate a stable and functional vasculature through the Tie2 and Tie1 receptors. Here we determined the effectiveness of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)-Ang1, a soluble, stable, and potent form of Ang1, on promotion of healing in cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. An excisional full-thickness wound was made in the dorsal side of the tail of diabetic (db/db) mice, and mice were then treated systemically with adenovirus (Ade) encoding COMP-Ang1 or with control virus encoding beta-gal (Ade-beta-gal) or treated topically with recombinant COMP-Ang1 protein or BSA. Time course observations revealed that mice treated with Ade-COMP-Ang1 or COMP-Ang1 protein showed accelerated wound closure and epidermal and dermal regeneration, enhanced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and higher blood flow in the wound region compared with mice treated with control virus or BSA. COMP-Ang1 promotion of wound closure and angiogenesis was not dependent on endothelial nitric oxide synthase or inducible nitric oxide synthase alone. Taken together, these findings indicate that COMP-Ang1 can promote wound healing in diabetes through enhanced angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and blood flow.
Active maintenance of nuclear actin by importin 9 supports transcription (2012)

Besides its essential and well established role as a component of the cytoskeleton, actin is also present in the cell nucleus, where it has been linked to many processes that control gene expression. For example, nuclear actin regulates the activity of specific transcription factors, associates with all three RNA polymerases, and is a component of many chromatin remodelling complexes. Despite the fact that two export receptors, Crm1 and exportin 6, have been linked to nuclear export of actin, the mechanism by which actin enters the nucleus to elicit these essential functions has not been determined. It is also unclear whether actin is actively exchanged between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and whether this connection has any functional significance for the cell. By applying a variety of live-cell imaging techniques we revealed that actin constantly shuttles in and out of the nucleus. The fast transport rates, which depend on the availability of actin monomers, suggest an active transport mechanism in both directions. Importantly, we identified importin 9 as the nuclear import factor for actin. Furthermore, our RNAi experiments showed that the active maintenance of nuclear actin levels by importin 9 is required for maximal transcriptional activity. Measurements of nuclear export rates and depletion studies also clarified that nuclear export of actin is mediated by exportin 6, and not by Crm1. These results demonstrate that cytoplasmic and nuclear actin pools are dynamically connected and identify the nuclear import and export mechanisms of actin.
Semirings, Automata and Languages (1985)

Valsa mali is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that mainly infects apple and pear trees. Infection with V. mali results in host tissue acidification via the generation of citric acid, which promote invasion. Here, two plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases, VmPma1 and VmPma2, were identified in V. mali. The VmPma1 deletion mutant (∆VmPma1) displayed higher intracellular acid accumulation and a lower growth rate compared to the wild type. In contrast, the VmPma2 deletion mutant (∆VmPma2) showed no obvious phenotypic differences. Meanwhile, loss of VmPma1, but not VmPma2, in V. mali led to a significant decrease in growth under acidic or alkaline conditions compared with WT. More importantly, ∆VmPma1 showed a greater reduction in ATPase hydrolase activity and acidification of the external environment, more sensitivity to abiotic stress, and weaker pathogenicity than ∆VmPma2. This evidence indicates that VmPma1 is the main gene of the two plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that many metabolic processes regulated by VmPma1 are strictly pH-regulated. Besides, we identified two genes (named VmAgn1p and Vmap1) that contribute to the pathogenicity of V. mali by differentially regulating external acidification capacity. Overall, our findings show that VmPma1 plays a pivotal role in pathogenicity by affecting the acidification of V. mali.
A Label-Free Approach to Identify Inhibitors of α4β7-Mediated Cell Adhesion to MadCAM (2011)

Traditionally, cell adhesion assays are performed in a manual workstation format using fluorescence-based readouts. Herein, the authors describe a label-free homogeneous assay to identify inhibitors of α4β7 integrin-mediated cell adhesion to its ligand, the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MadCAM), using the SRU BIND platform. The biosensor is optically based and comprises a subwavelength polymer grating. The assay was validated using standard compounds and an α4 blocking antibody and correlated very closely with the manual assay format when running a battery of test compounds of varying potencies. Cell adhesion was strictly dependent on the presence of divalent cations where Mg(2+) was greater than Ca(2+) at promoting cell adhesion. This homogeneous and label-free format exhibited low variability with a calculated Z' of 0.6. In addition to measuring α4β7-mediated 8866 cell adhesion to MadCAM, the authors also demonstrate that this platform can measure adhesion of Jurkat cells expressing α4β1 to the vascular cell adhesion molecule. Thus, the SRU BIND platform is widely applicable to measuring cell adhesion events mediated by other integrins binding to their receptors in an assay format that is amenable to high-throughput screening.
Evaluation of the efficiency of a new hollow fiber plasmapheresis filter. (1983)

Plasma separation for plasma exchange or plasma treatment has, until now, been obtained prevalently by centrifugal separators. Recently, filters capable of continuously separating the plasma have been proposed. We have evaluated, both in vivo and ex vivo, the efficiency of a plasma separating filter (BT 900, Dideco, Mirandola, Italy) incorporating polypropylene hollow fibers with a pore size of 0.55 micron (PS 510 W, Membrana, Wuppertal, Germany) and an effective surface of 0.23 m2, using two hemodialysis blood pumps. Ex vivo, (bovine blood) at a blood flow (QB) of 100 ml/min, 47 +/- 2.8 ml/min of plasma were obtained in the first hour and 34 +/- 3.1 ml/min in the second hour. The Sieving coefficient was 100 for albumin and IgG, 98.4 for IgA and 92.3 for IgM. Neither hemolysis nor platelet contamination were observed. In vivo, 35 treatment were performer on 19 patients affected with mixed essential cryoglobulinemia, autoimmune glomerulonephritis, Wegener disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic microangiopathy and rheumatoid arthritis. There were no clinical complications and the treatment was always well tolerated. A mean of 2064 +/- 400 ml of plasma was obtained in 103.7 +/- 29 minutes. The plasma flow was correlated (p less than 0.001) with the blood flow (13.4 ml/min at QB = 30 ml/min; 29 ml/min at QB = 100 ml/min). In some cases, immune complexes were found in the plasma removed by the filter (conglutinin method), confirming the membrane permeability to these high weight molecules. The use of hollow fibers to separate formed elements of blood from plasma has a brief history (1, 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Total synthesis of qinghaosu (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of qinghaosuG. Schmid and W. HofheinzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 3, 624–625Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00341a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00341a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4456Altmetric-Citations272LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-efficiency liquid-crystal optical phased-array beam steering (1996)

Efficient, electrically tunable, agile, inertialess, near-diffraction-limited one-dimensional optical beam steering is demonstrated at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 microm with a liquid-crystal phased array.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Trafficking, Processing, and Function (2008)

Intracellular trafficking and proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been the focus of numerous investigations over the past two decades. APP is the precursor to the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), the 38-43-amino acid residue peptide that is at the heart of the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Tremendous progress has been made since the initial identification of Abeta as the principal component of brain senile plaques of individuals with AD. Specifically, molecular characterization of the secretases involved in Abeta production has facilitated cell biological investigations on APP processing and advanced efforts to model AD pathogenesis in animal models. This minireview summarizes salient features of APP trafficking and amyloidogenic processing and discusses the putative biological functions of APP.
Arbuzov-like dealkylation reactions of transition-metal-phosphite complexes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArbuzov-like dealkylation reactions of transition-metal-phosphite complexesThomas B. Brill and Shayne J. LandonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1984, 84, 6, 577–585Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00064a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00064a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views920Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Method for the isolation of Escherichia coli mutants with enhanced recombination between chromosomal duplications (1977)

A method is described for the isolation of Escherichia coli mutants that show increased recombination between a pair of chromosomal duplications. These "hyper-rec" mutants display a variety of secondary phenotypes. I have isolated a large number of hyper-rec mutants and found them useful in screening for mutants that accumulate labeled DNA fragments after short pulses with [3H]thymidine. The mutants so recovered include ones that are defective in deoxyribonucleic acid ligase, deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I and its associated 5' yields 3' exonuclease, and a group of mutants, dnaS, that accumulate abnormally short Okazaki fragments. Evidence is presented that suggests that the lac-att80 segment of the chromosome cannot be inverted.
Design and characterization of a protein superagonist of IL‐15 fused with IL‐15Rα and a high‐affinity T cell receptor (2012)

To avoid high systemic doses, strategies involving antigen-specific delivery of cytokine via linked antibodies or antibody fragments have been used. Targeting cancer-associated peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (pepMHC) increases the number of potential target antigens and takes advantage of cross-presentation on tumor stroma and in draining lymph nodes. Here, we use a soluble, high-affinity single-chain T cell receptor Vα-Vβ (scTv), to deliver cytokines to intracellular tumor-associated antigens presented as pepMHC. As typical wild-type T cell receptors (TCRs) exhibit low affinity (K(d) = 1-100 μM or more), we used an engineered TCR, m33, that binds its antigenic peptide SIYRYYGL (SIY) bound to the murine class I major histocompatability complex protein H2-K(b) (SIY/K(b) ) with nanomolar affinity (K(d) = 30 nM). We generated constructs consisting of m33 scTv fused to murine interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 15 (IL-15), or IL-15/IL-15Rα (IL-15 linked to IL-15Rα sushi domain, called "superfusion"). The fusions were purified with good yields and bound specifically to SIY/K(b) with high affinity. Proper cytokine folding and binding were confirmed, and the fusions were capable of stimulating proliferation of cytokine-dependent cells, both when added directly and when presented in trans, bound to cells with the target pepMHC. The m33 superfusion was particularly potent and stable and represents a promising design for targeted antitumor immunomodulation.
Redundant filterbank precoders and equalizers. I. Unification and optimal designs (1999)

Transmitter redundancy introduced using filterbank precoders generalizes existing modulations including OFDM, DMT, TDMA, and CDMA schemes encountered with single- and multiuser communications. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that with FIR filterbank precoders FIR channels are equalized perfectly in the absence of noise by FIR zero-forcing equalizer filterbanks, irrespective of the channel zero locations. Multicarrier transmissions through frequency-selective channels can thus be recovered even when deep fades are present. Jointly optimal transmitter-receiver filterbank designs are also developed, based on maximum output SNR and minimum mean-square error criteria under zero-forcing and fixed transmitted power constraints. Analytical performance results are presented for the zero-forcing filterbanks and are compared with mean-square error and ideal designs using simulations.
Far-Field Analysis of A Ka-band Patch Antenna Array Using High-Resolution Electro-Optic Field Mapping (2000)

High-resolution electro-optic near-field mapping has been performed on a Ka-band 2×2 patch antenna array. The far-field patterns for the array have been calculated from extreme-near-field amplitude and phase data using a near-to far-field transformation process. The transformed field patterns display outstanding agreement with theoretically predicted results and independent far-field measurements. Also, various filtering processes were introduced to investigate the contributions to the far-field formation of individual radiating elements in the array.
Visualization of the metastatic process by green fluorescent protein expression. (1997)

We demonstrate here the visualization of the cancer metastatic process in live tissue in vivo by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. The human lung adenocarcinoma cell-line Anip 973 was transfected with the humanized GFP-S65T cDNA and stable high-level GFP-expressing transfectants were established. GFP transfectants were initially inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice. Five weeks after transplantation, when the tumor had reached 1.2 cm in diameter, fragments of subcutaneously tumor were implanted onto the visceral pleura of nude mice by surgical orthtopic implantation (SOI) as a spontenous metastatic model. GFP expressing cells were injected intravenously in nude mice as an experimental hematogenous metastasis model. Mice were sacrificed four and eight weeks after treatment. At eight weeks, SOI-treated mice had lymphogenous (3/4 mice) and direct seeding (3/4) metastasis in the pulmonary hilum, cervical lymph nodes, the mediastinum and contralateral pleural cavity as detected by GFP expression in live tissue. All intravenously injected mice had metastases in the lung (4/4) and some of them had metastases in the brain (2/4) and other organs (1/4) as detected by GFP expression in fresh tissue. Some of the lung metastases produced by intravenous injection remained as dormant small colonies even eight weeks after treatment. These different metastatic patterns after SOI and intravenous injection visualized by GFP expression indicates that initial steps of the metastatic cascade influence the subsequent progression of metastasis.