gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ocular Hypotensive Effects of Medetomidine and Its Analogs (1991)

The ocular hypotensive effects of medetomidine, a relatively selective alpha 2-agonist, and its analogs were tested in rabbits and cats and their inhibition of adenylate cyclase in the isolated bovine ciliary process was also studied. It was found that topical unilateral administration of medetomidine (0.5-2.0%) to the normotensive rabbits produced a dose-dependent bilateral decrease in IOP with peak reduction in IOP at 2 hr in the treated eye and 1 hr in the untreated eye. A dose-dependent mydriasis was also observed in the treated eye. The dose-response curves of medetomidine and its analogs showed that the ranked order of intrinsic activity at lowering IOP was medetomidine greater than or equal to MPV-1440 greater than detomidine greater than MPV-1441 and MPV-305 BII. At concentrations lower than those used in rabbits, topical application of medetomidine to the normotensive cats lowered IOP in both treated and untreated eyes. Medetomidine and detomidine caused a dose-dependent inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Detomidine was found to be a partial agonist producing about 43% of maximum inhibition obtained by medetomidine. The IOP efficacy of these alpha 2-agonists paralleled their effects on adenylate cyclase activity. The results demonstrated that these imidazoline derivatives are effective ocular hypotensive agents which may be useful in understanding the contribution of alpha 2-receptors to the regulation of IOP.
Loss-of-Function Mutations in APOC3 and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease (2014)

Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 were associated with low levels of triglycerides and a reduced risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. (Funded by the European Union and others.).
A semisynthetic organism engineered for the stable expansion of the genetic alphabet (2017)

All natural organisms store genetic information in a four-letter, two-base-pair genetic alphabet. The expansion of the genetic alphabet with two synthetic unnatural nucleotides that selectively pair to form an unnatural base pair (UBP) would increase the information storage potential of DNA, and semisynthetic organisms (SSOs) that stably harbor this expanded alphabet would thereby have the potential to store and retrieve increased information. Toward this goal, we previously reported that Escherichia coli grown in the presence of the unnatural nucleoside triphosphates dNaMTP and d5SICSTP, and provided with the means to import them via expression of a plasmid-borne nucleoside triphosphate transporter, replicates DNA containing a single dNaM-d5SICS UBP. Although this represented an important proof-of-concept, the nascent SSO grew poorly and, more problematically, required growth under controlled conditions and even then was unable to indefinitely store the unnatural information, which is clearly a prerequisite for true semisynthetic life. Here, to fortify and vivify the nascent SSO, we engineered the transporter, used a more chemically optimized UBP, and harnessed the power of the bacterial immune response by using Cas9 to eliminate DNA that had lost the UBP. The optimized SSO grows robustly, constitutively imports the unnatural triphosphates, and is able to indefinitely retain multiple UBPs in virtually any sequence context. This SSO is thus a form of life that can stably store genetic information using a six-letter, three-base-pair alphabet.
Silicon oxynitride technology for integrated optical solutions in biomedical applications (2011)

Silicon oxynitride, a dielectric material with excellent optical properties, is applied for a wide range of integrated optical devices operating at visible or NIR wavelengths. High-quality channel waveguides are reliably fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and reactive ion etching following standard lithography. Based on a general, polarization-independent channel waveguide layout various arrayed waveguide gratings were designed, realized and tested for on-chip spectrometers in Raman detection and optical coherence tomography (OCT). With this approach Raman spectra of silicon and cyclohexane test samples are measured. An OCT image of a phantom sample is produced.
Twenty-seven nonoverlapping zinc finger cDNAs from human T cells map to nine different chromosomes with apparent clustering. (1991)

cDNA clones encoding zinc finger structures were isolated by screening Molt4 and Jurkat cDNA libraries with zinc finger consensus sequences. Candidate clones were partially sequenced to verify the presence of zinc finger-encoding regions; nonoverlapping cDNA clones were chosen on the basis of sequences and genomic hybridization pattern. Zinc finger structure-encoding clones, which were designated by the term "Kox" and a number from 1 to 32 and which were apparently unique (i.e., distinct from each other and distinct from those isolated by other laboratories), were chosen for mapping in the human genome. DNAs from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids retaining defined complements of human chromosomes were analyzed for the presence of each of the Kox genes. Correlation between the presence of specific human chromosome regions and specific Kox genes established the chromosomal locations. Multiple Kox loci were mapped to 7q (Kox 18 and 25 and a locus detected by both Kox 8 cDNA and Kox 27 cDNA), 8q24 5' to the myc locus (Kox 9 and 32), 10cen----q24 (Kox 2, 15, 19, 21, 30, and 31), 12q13-qter (Kox 1 and 20), 17p13 (Kox 11 and 26), and 19q (Kox 5, 6, 10, 22, 24, and 28). Single Kox loci were mapped to 7p22 (Kox 3), 18q12 (Kox 17), 19p (Kox 13), 22q11 between IG lambda and BCR-1 (locus detected by both Kox 8 cDNA and Kox 27 cDNA), and Xp (Kox 14). Several of the Kox loci map to regions in which other zinc finger structure-encoding loci have already been localized, indicating possible zinc finger gene clusters. In addition, Kox genes at 8q24, 17p13, and 22q11--and perhaps other Kox genes--are located near recurrent chromosomal translocation breakpoints. Others, such as those on 7p and 7q, may be near regions specifically active in T cells.
Murine Models of Vascular Thrombosis (2007)

Thrombotic complications of vascular disease are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most industrialized countries. Despite this, safe and effective drugs targeting these complications are limited, especially in the chronic setting. This is because of the complexity of thrombosis in both arteries and veins, which is becoming increasingly evident as numerous factors are now known to affect the fate of a forming thrombus. To fully characterize thrombus formation in these settings, in vivo models are necessary to study the various components and intricate interactions that are involved. Genetic manipulations in mice are greatly facilitating the dissection of relevant pro- and antithrombotic influences. Standardized models for the study of thrombosis in mice as well as evolving techniques that allow imaging of molecular events during thrombus formation are now available. This review will highlight some of the recent developments in the field of thrombosis using mouse models and how these studies are expanding our knowledge of thrombotic disease.
Security for a high performance commodity storage subsystem (1999)

and the United States Postal Service. The views and conclusions in this document are my own and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of any supporting organization or the U.S. Government.
Poxvirus vectors: orphaned and underappreciated (2000)

When one considers the choice of viral vectors for use in gene therapy systems, candidates usually include adenovirus and retrovirus families and, in the case of retrovirus, most recently the HIV-derived lentiviral vectors. These vectors have been chosen based on criteria such as tropism, duration of expression, and capacity to integrate in the host genome. A number of characteristics of their life cycle make poxviruses poor candidates for long-term expression, and, as a result, they are neglected by investigators and rarely represented in reviews and at conferences. However, vaccinia and its relatives may be ideal in immunotherapy applications, including their use as replicating agents that can be directed against solid tumors. Poxvirus vectors, which enable us, as immunologists, to revisit 1 of our greatest triumphs (Figure
<title>New approach to obtain height measurements from video</title> (1999)

In this paper a new measurement algorithm is presented which generates height measurements and their associated errors from a single known physical measurement in an image. The method draws on results from projective geometry and computer vision. A height measurement is obtained from each frame of the video. A `stereo like' correspondence between images is not required. Nor is any explicit camera calibration. The accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated by a number of examples when ground truth is known. Finally, the height measurements and their variation are described for a person in motion. We draw attention to the uncertainty in heights associated with humans in motion, and the limitations of using this description for identification.
Cremophor EL-mediated alteration of paclitaxel distribution in human blood: clinical pharmacokinetic implications. (1999)

We have determined the in vitro and in vivo cellular distribution of the antineoplastic agent paclitaxel (Taxol) in human blood and the influence of Cremophor EL (CrEL), the vehicle used for i.v. drug administration. In the absence of CrEL, the blood:plasma concentration ratio was 1.07+/-0.004 (mean+/-SD). The addition of CrEL at concentrations corresponding to peak plasma levels achieved after the administration of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 i.v. over a 3-h period; ie., 0.50%) resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration ratio (0.690+/-0.005; P < 0.05). Kinetic experiments revealed that this effect was caused by reduced erythrocyte uptake of paclitaxel by polyoxyethyleneglycerol triricinoleate, the major compound present in CrEL. Using equilibrium dialysis, it was shown that the affinity of paclitaxel for tested matrices was (in decreasing order) CrEL > plasma > human serum albumin, with CrEL present at or above the critical micellar concentration (approximately 0.01%). Our findings in the present study demonstrate a profound alteration of paclitaxel accumulation in erythrocytes caused by a trapping of the compound in CrEL micelles, thereby reducing the free drug fraction available for cellular partitioning. It is proposed that the nonlinearity of paclitaxel plasma disposition in patients reported previously should be reevaluated prospectively by measuring the free drug fractions and whole blood:plasma concentration ratios.
Learning people annotation from the web via consistency learning (2007)

The phenomenal growth of Image/Video on the web and the increasing sparseness of meta information to go along with forces us to look for signals from the Image/Video content for Search / Information Retrieval and Browsing based corpus exploration. One of the prominent type of information that users look for while searching/browsing through such corpora is information around the people present in the Image/Video. While face recognition has matured to some extent over the past few years, this problem remains a hard one due to a) absence of labelled data for such a large set of celebrities that users look for and b) the variability of age/makeup/expressions/pose in the target corpus. We propose a learning paradigm which we refer to as consistency learning to address both these issues by posing the problem of learning from weakly labelled training set. We use the text-image co-occurrence on the web as a weak signal of relevance and learn the set of consistent face models from this very large and noisy training set. The resulting system learns face models for a large set of celebrities directly from the web and uses it to tag Image/Video for better retrieval. While the proposed method has been applied to faces, we see it broadly applicable in any learning problem with a suitable similarity metric defined. We present results on learning from a very large dataset of 37 million images resulting in a validation accuracy of 92.68%.
Crystal Structure of the HSV-1 Fc Receptor Bound to Fc Reveals a Mechanism for Antibody Bipolar Bridging (2006)

Herpes simplex virus type-1 expresses a heterodimeric Fc receptor, gE-gI, on the surfaces of virions and infected cells that binds the Fc region of host immunoglobulin G and is implicated in the cell-to-cell spread of virus. gE-gI binds immunoglobulin G at the basic pH of the cell surface and releases it at the acidic pH of lysosomes, consistent with a role in facilitating the degradation of antiviral antibodies. Here we identify the C-terminal domain of the gE ectodomain (CgE) as the minimal Fc-binding domain and present a 1.78-angstroms CgE structure. A 5-angstroms gE-gI/Fc crystal structure, which was independently verified by a theoretical prediction method, reveals that CgE binds Fc at the C(H)2-C(H)3 interface, the binding site for several mammalian and bacterial Fc-binding proteins. The structure identifies interface histidines that may confer pH-dependent binding and regions of CgE implicated in cell-to-cell spread of virus. The ternary organization of the gE-gI/Fc complex is compatible with antibody bipolar bridging, which can interfere with the antiviral immune response.
A novel hierarchical approach for proximity effect correction in electron beam lithography (1993)

An efficient CAD pattern processing algorithm based on dose modulation technique is proposed for proximity effect correction calculation in electron beam (EB) lithography. The algorithm resolves a costly and lengthy computation during the pattern processing. First, the original pattern data with multiple-level cell hierarchy is reduced to pattern data with two-level cell hierarchy. Then, a zoning algorithm with dual-frame technique is introduced for realizing the hierarchical proximity correction calculation. Here, the zone is a region of pattern assembly to be proximity-corrected and the frame is a pattern reference region to incorporate the backscattering effects of electrons exposed on the frame into the zone data. The algorithm is applied to typical design layers of 64-Mb DRAM pattern data. The final EB data volume is greatly compacted by a factor of 22-150 compared with a conventional hierarchy-flattened method. The hierarchical approach is indispensable to the accurate proximity correction for next-generation high-density VLSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes: STARD1, CYP11A1 and HSD3B (2009)

Expression of the genes that mediate the first steps in steroidogenesis, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STARD1), the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta5-Delta4 isomerase (HSD3B), is tightly controlled by a battery of transcription factors in the adrenal cortex, the gonads and the placenta. These genes generally respond to the same hormones that stimulate steroid production through common pathways such as cAMP signaling and common actions on their promoters by proteins such as NR5A and GATA family members. However, there are distinct temporal, tissue and species-specific differences in expression between the genes that are defined by combinatorial regulation and unique promoter elements. This review will provide an overview of the hormonal and transcriptional regulation of the STARD1, CYP11A1 and specific steroidogenic HSD3B genes in the adrenal, testis, ovary and placenta and discuss the current knowledge regarding the key transcriptional factors involved.
Stimulation and Modeling of Pond Formations on the Asteroid 433 Eros (2002)

"Ponds" are surface features that appear to be the result of the deposition of finer material on the asteroid's regolith, the layer of loose sediment that blankets the entire asteroid. Ponds were discovered by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft in January, 2001, on the asteroid 433 Eros. The objective of experimentation is to simulate the development of these ponds in the Andromeda planetary sciences environmental chamber. The Andromeda Chamber offers a unique ability to simulate surface environments that occur on Eros. The chamber was used to simulate the processes that occur as Eros emits gas through its outer surface, including the process of fluidization in which the loose soil takes on the properties of a fluid. This was accomplished by placing sand with a large particle size distribution in the chamber and analyzing the processes that occur as nitrogen is forced up through the surface. The amount of gas that is emitted, the rate at which it is emitted, and the depth of the soil stimulant the gas is passed through were varied. Particle size sorting and subsequent pond formations exhibited a strong, exponential dependence on flow rate of a gas, as well as a linear dependence on the depth of the gas source.
Control of specific absorption rate distribution using capacitive electrodes and inductive aperture-type applicators: implications for radiofrequency hyperthermia (1991)

A method of controlling the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in radiofrequency hyperthermia is proposed. The superposition of the current density associated with capacitively coupled electrodes and that associated with H-field coupled inductive aperture-type applicators modifies the actual current distribution in the heating material. Using a two-dimensional finite element method, we have shown that "focusing" is possible such that the SAR at the center of a phantom can be adjusted to be approximately twice that in superficial regions, even though the wavelength is considerably greater than the dimensions of the phantom.
N-H Insertion reactions of rhodium carbenoids. Part 4. New chiral dirhodium(II) carboxylate catalysts (2002)

The reaction of methyl 2-diazophenylacetate 1 and dimethyl -diazobenzylphosphonate 2 with various N-H components in the presence of chiral dirhodium(II) catalysts results in N-H insertion in good yield but with little or no stereoselectivity.
Engineering lepidopteran insect cells for sialoglycoprotein production by genetic transformation with mammalian 1,4-galactosyltransferase and 2,6-sialyltransferase genes (2001)

Recombinant mammalian glycoproteins produced by the baculovirus-insect cell expression system usually do not have structurally authentic glycans. One reason for this limitation is the virtual absence in insect cells of certain glycosyltransferases, which are required for the biosynthesis of complex, terminally sialylated glycoproteins by mammalian cells. In this study, we genetically transformed insect cells with mammalian beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase genes. This produced a new insect cell line that can express both genes, serve as hosts for baculovirus infection, and produce foreign glycoproteins with terminally sialylated N-glycans.
Retinoic Acid Inhibits CD40 + Interleukin-4–Mediated IgE Production In Vitro (1998)

To elucidate the role of retinoic acid (RA) in anti-CD40 + interleukin-4 (IL-4)–mediated B-cell activation, the effect of 10−12 to 10−6 mol/L RA was studied in anti-CD40 (1 μg/mL) + IL-4 (5 ng/mL)-mediated proliferation and Ig synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and B cells in healthy donors. Anti-CD40 + IL-4–mediated proliferation of PBMC and B cells was inhibited by RA in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition of 62% ± 5% in PBMC and 55% ± 4.4% in B cells by all-trans RA, and 58% ± 6.7% and 51% ± 4.7%, respectively by 13-cis RA. IgE synthesis was even more markedly inhibited by RA starting at concentrations of &gt;10−14mol/L for B cells and &gt;10−10 mol/L for PBMC. Maximal inhibition of IgE production for B cells was at 10−8mol/L for all-trans RA (94% ± 1.8%) and 96% ± 3.2% for 13-cis RA. Low concentrations of RA inhibiting IgE synthesis (10−10 mol/L) affected neither B-cell proliferation nor the production of IgA, IgG, and IgM. Elucidation of the mechanism involved in this inhibition of IgE production shows that epsilon germline transcription is decreased by RA, whereas production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was not enhanced in the presence of RA. To differentiate whether the RA effect was mediated by RA receptors , β, and γ, the expression of the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data show that unstimulated human peripheral B cells express mRNA of the RA receptor , β, and γ. Using retinoids with different receptor binding specificity (CD336, CD437, CD2019, CD367), dose-dependent inhibition of IgE synthesis was shown by all four derivates, but was most marked by an RA binding the  receptor with high specificity. Taken together, this study shows that RA inhibits IgE production of anti-CD40 + IL-4–stimulated B cells in vitro. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Bottom-Up Fill for Submicrometer Copper Via Holes of ULSIs by Electroless Plating (2004)

The bottom-up fill of copper in fine via holes is reported in electroless copper plating with the addition of bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS). When the concentration of SPS in the plating bath was varied from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/L with a plating time of 10 min, the ratio of the Cu thickness at the bottom of the hole to that at the surface called the bottom-up ratio, increased from 1.05 to 2.8 for a ⊘ 1.0 μm hole. The bottom-up ratio increases with SPS concentration and decreases with an increase in hole diameter. X-ray diffraction structure analyses and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that the grain size of Cu film was reduced by the SPS addition, but Cu(111) texture was enhanced by the SPS addition. Bottom-up fill may be attributed to a higher SPS concentration at the surface than at the bottom of the holes due to SPS incorporation in the Cu film and diffusion-limited flux of SPS molecules into fine holes. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CNS Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptors Mediate Endocrine and Anxiety Responses to Interoceptive and Psychogenic Stressors (2003)

Responses to stressors serve to adjust physiology and behavior to increase short-term survival at the potential expense of increasing susceptibility to disease over the long term. We show that glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) increases levels of the stress-activated hormones ACTH and corticosterone when administered directly into the rat brain and increases levels of anxiety as measured by the elevated plus maze. The endocrine response is preferentially activated by GLP-1 administration in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, whereas the anxiety response is preferentially activated by administration in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Furthermore, GLP-1 antagonists block increases in stress hormones associated with the toxin LiCl and both the endocrine and anxiety responses to vertical heights. Although diverse neural circuits must necessarily process disparate stressors, the current data implicate a role for the GLP-1 system as a critical mediator of multiple stress responses.