gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CoCheck: checkpointing and process migration for MPI (2002)

Checkpointing of parallel applications can be used as the core technology to provide process migration. Both checkpointing and migration, are an important issue for parallel applications on networks of workstations. The CoCheck environment which we present in this paper introduces a new approach to provide checkpointing and migration for parallel applications. CoCheck sits on top of the message passing library and achieves consistency at a level above the message passing system. It uses an existing single process checkpointer which is available for a wide range of systems. Hence, CoCheck can be easily adapted to both, different message passing systems and new machines.
Hydrolysis of Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol in Response to Insulin is Reduced in Cells Bearing Kinase-Deficient Insulin Receptors (1990)

A glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) has been previously identified that serves as a precursor of the polar head group that mimics and may mediate some of the intracellular actions of insulin. Since many of the biological activities of insulin may depend upon the activity of the insulin receptor kinase, we evaluated the requirement for this activity in insulin-dependent GPI hydrolysis. For the analysis we used stably transfected CHO cell lines, expressing either the wild-type human insulin receptor or a mutant receptor that lacks tyrosine kinase activity (Chou et al., 1987) and a stably transfected CHO cell line, expressing the wild-type human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) receptor (Steele-Perkins et al., 1988). A GPI was identified in both types of transfected cells and in both sets of parental cells by metabolic labeling with [3H]glucosamine or [3H]galactose. The isolated glycolipid was sensitive to hydrolysis by phospholipase C and to deamination by nitrous acid. Insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent hydrolysis of the GPI in the parental line and in the transfected cell types. Cells bearing normal human receptors hydrolyzed up to 70% of their radiolabeled GPI within 2 min of the addition of 0.1 nM insulin, whereas parental cells and cells expressing the mutant receptor hydrolyzed only 20-30% in response to 100 nM insulin. IGF-1 (5-50 nM) had little effect on GPI hydrolysis in these cells as well as in CHO cells expressing the human IGF-1 receptor. It is concluded that insulin-dependent GPI hydrolysis is mediated by the normal but not by a kinase-deficient insulin receptor.
The trans -Sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi Induces Thrombocytopenia during Acute Chagas' Disease by Reducing the Platelet Sialic Acid Contents (2004)

Strong thrombocytopenia is observed during acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic protozoan agent of American trypanosomiasis or Chagas' disease. The parasite sheds trans-sialidase, an enzyme able to mobilize the sialyl residues on cell surfaces, which is distributed in blood and is a virulence factor. Since the sialic acid content on the platelet surface is crucial for determining the half-life of platelets in blood, we examined the possible involvement of the parasite-derived enzyme in thrombocytopenia induction. We found that a single intravenous injection of trans-sialidase into naive mice reduced the platelet count by 50%, a transient effect that lasted as long as the enzyme remained in the blood. CD43(-/-) mice were affected to a similar extent. When green fluorescent protein-expressing platelets were treated in vitro with trans-sialidase, their sialic acid content was reduced together with their life span, as determined after transfusion into naive animals. No apparent deleterious effect on the bone marrow was observed. A central role for Kupffer cells in the clearance of trans-sialidase-altered platelets was revealed after phagocyte depletion by administration of clodronate-containing liposomes and splenectomy. Consistent with this, parasite strains known to exhibit more trans-sialidase activity induced heavier thrombocytopenia. Finally, the passive transfer of a trans-sialidase-neutralizing monoclonal antibody to infected animals prevented the clearance of transfused platelets. Results reported here strongly support the hypothesis that the trans-sialidase is the virulence factor that, after depleting the sialic acid content of platelets, induces the accelerated clearance of the platelets that leads to the thrombocytopenia observed during acute Chagas' disease.
Comparison of topical 3% diclofenac sodium gel and 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of actinic keratoses (2011)

Although DFS and IMQ each had considerable efficacy in the treatment of AK, the efficacy of DFS seemed to decrease after cessation of treatment.
Rust Control in Glyphosate Tolerant Wheat Following Application of the Herbicide Glyphosate (2005)

In greenhouse and field trials, transgenically modified wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes with tolerance to glyphosate had extremely low infection types to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina when treated with a labeled rate of the herbicide glyphosate prior to inoculation with leaf rust. A surfactant solution and a nonglyphosate herbicide had no effect on leaf rust development on the glyphosate tolerant wheat. Glyphosate had a systemic effect in reducing leaf rust development. The leaf rust control by glyphosate decreased with reduced application rates and longer periods of time between glyphosate application and leaf rust infections. The field and greenhouse tests indicated that control of leaf rust in wheat conditioned by glyphosate is transitory and is effective for at least 21, but not more than 35, days after application. Application of glyphosate also reduced infection types on wheat caused by the stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Given these results and evidence from the literature that glyphosate can have adverse effects on other pathogens, including other rust fungi, additional investigation of the fungicidal properties of glyphosate are warranted, with particular attention to the timing of glyphosate application relative to fungal infection. The effects of glyphosate on the soybean rust fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, an emerging pathogen in North America, merit immediate investigation.
Histaminergic regulation of prolactin secretion. (1990)

Histamine (HA), which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, participates in the neuroendocrine regulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion. HA has a predominant stimulatory effect which is mediated via H2-receptors following central administration and via H1-receptors following systemic infusion of the amine. In addition, HA seems to exert a minor inhibitory effect on PRL secretion, an effect unmasked only during blockade of the receptor mediating the stimulatory effect. Following central administration the inhibitory effect is mediated via H1-receptors, while following systemic administration this effect is mediated via H2-receptors. In accordance with these findings, the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine (CIM) has an inhibitory (following central administration) or stimulatory (following systemic administration) effect on PRL secretion. However, high doses of CIM possess an additional PRL stimulatory action not related to blockade of H2-receptors. This non-specific action is not exerted by the chemically different H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine. Since HA has no effect directly at the pituitary level, the actions of the amine may occur at different sites within the hypothalamus by an effect on hypothalamic transmitters regulating PRL secretion. Dopaminergic as well as serotoninergic neurons are involved in the mediation of the action of HA, since the dopamine (DA) concentration in the pituitary portal vessels is decreased by central or systemic infusion of HA, and since blockade of DA synthesis and of DA or serotonin (5-HT) receptors inhibit or prevent the PRL stimulatory action of HA infused centrally or systemically. However, other factors regulating PRL secretion (e.g. beta-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, vasopressin or TRH) may be involved in the mediation of the PRL response to HA. In men the effects of HA on PRL secretion are similar to the effects in male rats. Systemic infusion of HA stimulates PRL secretion via H1-receptors and inhibits PRL secretion via H2-receptors. The PRL-stimulatory effect of HA is caused by an inhibition of the dopaminergic system, while the PRL-inhibitory effect of HA may involve other transmitters than DA. In contrast to its stimulatory effect in men, HA had no effect on basal PRL secretion in women, but enhanced the PRL response to TRH. In rats or in humans the PRL stimulatory effect of HA is not caused by the cardiovascular actions of the amine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Synthetic Single-Nanopore and Nanotube Membranes (2003)

There is increasing interest in investigating transport and electrochemical phenomena in synthetic membrane samples that contain a single pore of nanoscopic diameter. Approaches used to date for preparing such single-nanopore membranes include microfabrication-based methods, the track-etch method, and a method based on the incorporation of a single fullerene nanotube within a synthetic membrane. We describe here an alternative approach that we believe is easier and more accessible than the previously described methods. This method is based on a very low pore density track-etch membrane obtained from commercial sources. Fluorescence microscopy is used to identify and isolate a single nanopore in this membrane. Membrane samples containing single nanopores with diameters as small as 30 nm have been prepared. Furthermore, we show here that an electroless plating method can be used to deposit a gold nanotube within the single nanopore, and this provides a route for further decreasing the inside diameter of the pore. A single-nanotube membrane with an electrochemically determined inside diameter of approximately 2 nm was prepared and evaluated.
Perceived slant from Werner’s illusion affects binocular saccadic eye movements (2003)

We examined whether binocular saccadic eye movements are determined solely by disparity-defined slant or whether they are influenced by both disparity-defined and perceived slant. The Werner illusion was used to distinguish a plane's disparity-defined slant from its perceived slant. Three subjects viewed a horizontally elongated test strip that was flanked vertically by two planes. The perceived slant of the test strip depended on the slant of the flanking planes. Subjects estimated the perceived slant of the test strip by adjusting the angle between two lines in a symbolic top view. The saccadic eye movements between targets on the test strip were recorded both with visual feedback ("later saccades") and without visual feedback ("first saccades"). We calculated vergence differences for saccades between targets on the test strip (and for fixation on these targets). For each geometrical test strip slant we examined whether the vergence differences could be explained as an effect of perceived slant. This study shows that saccadic eye movements are determined predominantly by the disparity-defined slant, but they can be affected by perceived slant, particularly when multiple saccades are being made.
IL-6 and Crohns Disease (2003)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with central roles in immune regulation, inflammation, hematopoiesis, and oncogenesis. Its biological activities are shared by IL-6-family of cytokines such as leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M. When IL-6 binds to IL-6R, the IL-6/IL-6R complex then associates with gp130, the common signal transducer of cytokines related to IL-6. IL-6R does not have to be expressed on the cell surface for IL-6 signaling because soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) can bind to IL-6 and function through gp130. Increased levels of IL-6 and sIL-6R have been demonstrated in both serum and intestinal tissues of the patients with active Crohn's disease. In animal model studies, anti-IL-6R monoclonal antibody (mAb) successfully prevented intestinal inflammation and systemic wasting disease by suppressing adhesion molecule expression by vascular endothelium. It also reduced colonic expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1beta, and interferon gamma mRNA without affecting the production of transforming growth factor beta, IL-10, and IL-4. Moreover, the treatment displayed therapeutic efficacy against established colitis through the induction of lamina propria T-cell apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that specific targeting of IL-6/sIL-6R pathway will be a promising new approach for the treatment of Crohn's disease, and the clinical trial of humanized anti-IL-6R mAb has been carried out.
Association of CFH Y402H and LOC387715 A69S With Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2007)

Common polymorphisms in the genes CFH and LOC387715 are independently related to AMD progression after adjustment for other known AMD risk factors. Presence of these polymorphisms plus smoking [corrected] and body mass index of 25 or higher, controlling for AREDS vitamin-mineral treatment, identifies [corrected] patients who are highly susceptible to developing advanced states [corrected] of this visually disabling disease.
Erythrocytes as Oral Delivery Systems for Human Insulin (1998)

The use of different forms of human red blood cells as oral carrier systems for human insulin in vivo was the subject of this investigation. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (100 mg/kg). Three days after the injection, rats were found diabetic as evidenced by elevated fasted blood glucose concentration (200 mg/dl or higher). Rats received orally one of the following (100 U, 2 ml): an insulin solution, a ghosts-insulin suspension, a vesicles-insulin suspension, a liposomes-ghosts-insulin suspension, or a liposomes-vesicles-insulin suspension. Free carrier suspensions or sodium chloride solution (0.9%) were also given orally as controls. Blood glucose concentration was determined just before administration and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 hr post administration. The results show that all treatment groups, except liposomes-ghosts-insulin, were significantly different statistically from their respective controls (i.e., the free carriers).
BiToS: Enhancing BitTorrent for Supporting Streaming Applications (2006)

BitTorrent (BT) in the last years has been one of the most effective mechanisms for P2P content distribution. Although BT was created for distribution of time insensitive content, in this work we try to identify what are the minimal changes needed in the BT's mechanisms in order to support streaming. The importance of this capability is that the peer will now have the ability to start enjoying the video before the complete download of the video file. This ability is particularly important in highly polluted environments, since the peer can evaluate the quality of the video content early and thus preserve its valuable resources. In a nutshell, our approach gives higher download priority to pieces that are close to be reproduced by the player. This comes in contrast to the original BT protocol, where pieces are downloaded in an out-of-order manner based solely on their rareness. In particular, our approach tries to strike the balance between downloading pieces in: (a) playing order, enabling smooth playback, and (b) the rarest first order, enabling the use of parallel downloading of pieces. In this work, we introduce three different Piece Selection mechanisms and we evaluate them through simulations based on how well they deliver streaming services to the peers.
Input-output theory of cavities in the ultrastrong coupling regime: The case of time-independent cavity parameters (2006)

We present a full quantum theory for the dissipative dynamics of an optical cavity in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime, in which the vacuum Rabi frequency is a significant fraction of the active electronic transition frequency and the antiresonant terms of the light-matter coupling play an important role. In particular, our model can be applied to the case of intersubband transitions in doped semiconductor quantum wells embedded in a microcavity. The coupling of the intracavity photonic mode and of the electronic polarization to the external, frequency-dependent, dissipation baths is taken into account by means of quantum Langevin equations in the input-output formalism. In the case of a time-independent vacuum Rabi frequency, exact analytical expressions for the operators are obtained, which allows us to characterize the quantum dissipative response of the cavity to an arbitrary initial condition (vacuum, coherent field, thermal excitation). For a vacuum input in both the photonic and electronic polarization modes, the ground state of the cavity system is a two-mode squeezed vacuum state with a finite population in both photonic and electronic modes. These excitations are, however, virtual and cannot escape from the cavity: for a vacuum input, a vacuum output is found, without any trace of the intracavity squeezing. For a coherent photonic input the linear optical response spectra (reflectivity, absorption, transmission) have been studied, and signatures of the ultrastrong coupling have been identified in the asymmetric and peculiar anticrossing of the polaritonic eigenmodes. Finally, we have calculated the electroluminescence spectra in the case of an incoherent electronic input: the emission intensity in the ultrastrong coupling regime results in being significantly enhanced as compared to the case of an isolated quantum well without a surrounding cavity.
Forced thermal ratchets (1993)

We consider a Brownian particle in a periodic potential under heavy damping. The second law forbids it from displaying any net drift speed, even if the symmetry of the potential is broken. But if the particle is subject to an external force having time correlations, detailed balance is lost and the particle can exhibit a nonzero net drift speed. Thus, broken symmetry and time correlations are sufficient ingredients for transport.
Development of ionic channels during mouse neuronal differentiation. (1985)

Using a mouse embryonal teratocarcinoma (E.C.) cell line, it was possible to follow the sequence of development of ionic channels during neuronal differentiation, with patch-clamp techniques. 1003 E.C. cells were induced to differentiate into neurons by culturing them in defined medium without foetal calf serum (DARMON et al., 1981). Non-differentiated cells were not excitable and presented mainly 2 types of K+ channels: a Ca2+ activated K+ channel (220 pS in symmetrical K+) and a delayed rectifier (30 pS in symmetrical K+). When the cells start to grow neurites, a low threshold calcium current can be recorded, only if the cell is held at hyperpolarized potentials (-70 to -80 mV). Fully differentiated cells with long neurites presented a complete repertoire of ionic channels: voltage dependent Na+ and Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ activated K+ channel and K+ delayed rectifier.
Highlights in inflammatory bowel disease – from bench to bedside (2012)

Approximately 3.6 million people in Europe and the USA suffer from recurrent auto-immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two entities: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In the past, experimental studies (mostly in mice) have improved our understanding of the aberrant interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the immune system. The perturbed immune reaction in IBD exhibits specific and individual cytokine responses that distinguish the two variants. A deep understanding of the immunological response at every stage of the chronic disease enables the provision of modern, efficient medical treatment that takes into account individual immunological and genetic characteristics. In this review, the current knowledge on the epidemiology and genetics of IBD is summarized, and new pathogenetic insights as well as promising future therapeutic options are described.
Inhibition of VEGF signaling pathway attenuates hemorrhage after tPA treatment (2011)

An angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), might be associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after focal cerebral ischemia; however, it remains unknown whether hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment is related to the activation of VEGF signaling pathway in BBB. Here, we hypothesized that inhibition of VEGF signaling pathway can attenuate HT after tPA treatment. Rats subjected to thromboembolic focal cerebral ischemia were assigned to a permanent ischemia group and groups treated with tPA at 1 or 4 hours after ischemia. Anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody or control antibody was administered simultaneously with tPA. At 24 hours after ischemia, we evaluated the effects of the antibody on the VEGF expression, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation, degradation of BBB components, and HT. Delayed tPA treatment at 4 hours after ischemia promoted expression of VEGF in BBB, MMP-9 activation, degradation of BBB components, and HT. Compared with tPA and control antibody, combination treatment with tPA and the anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody significantly attenuated VEGF expression in BBB, MMP-9 activation, degradation of BBB components, and HT. It also improved motor outcome and mortality. Inhibition of VEGF signaling pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for attenuating HT after tPA treatment.
Processes for Constructing Homogeneous Antibody Drug Conjugates (2016)

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are synthesized by conjugating a cytotoxic drug or "payload" to a monoclonal antibody. The payloads are conjugated using amino or sulfhydryl specific linkers that react with lysines or cysteines on the antibody surface. A typical antibody contains over 60 lysines and up to 12 cysteines as potential conjugation sites. The desired DAR (drugs/antibody ratio) depends on a number of different factors and ranges from two to eight drugs/antibody. The discrepancy between the number of potential conjugation sites and the desired DAR, combined with use of conventional conjugation methods that are not site-specific, results in heterogeneous ADCs that vary in both DAR and conjugation sites. Heterogeneous ADCs contain significant fractions with suboptimal DARs that are known to possess undesired pharmacological properties. As a result, new methods for synthesizing homogeneous ADCs have been developed in order to increase their potential as therapeutic agents. This article will review recently reported processes for preparing ADCs with improved homogeneity. The advantages and potential limitations of each process are discussed, with emphasis on efficiency, quality, and in vivo efficacy relative to similar heterogeneous ADCs.
Src Kinase Activity Is Regulated by the SHP-1 Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase (1997)

Activation of the cellular Src tyrosine kinase depends upon dephosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation site. Herein we show that Src isolated from human platelets and Jurkat T cells is preferentially dephosphorylated at its inhibitory phosphotyrosine site by the SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase. The data also revealed association of Src with SHP-1 in both platelets and lymphocytes and the capacity of Src to phosphorylate SHP-1 and interact with the SHP-1 NH2-terminal SH2 domain in vitro. Analysis of Src activity in thymocytes from SHP-1-deficient motheaten and viable motheaten mice revealed this kinase activity to be substantially lower than that detected in wild-type thymocytes, but to be enhanced by in vitro exposure to SHP-1. Similarly, immunoblotting analysis of thymocyte Src expression before and after selective depletion of active Src protein indicated that the proportion of active relative to inactive Src protein is markedly reduced in motheaten compared with wild-type cells. These observations, together with the finding of reduced Src activity in HEY cells expressing a dominant negative form of SHP-1, provide compelling evidence that SHP-1 functions include the positive regulation of Src activation.