gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Multimodal Interaction for Referring Image Segmentation (2017)

In this paper we are interested in the problem of image segmentation given natural language descriptions, i.e. referring expressions. Existing works tackle this problem by first modeling images and sentences independently and then segment images by combining these two types of representations. We argue that learning word-to-image interaction is more native in the sense of jointly modeling two modalities for the image segmentation task, and we propose convolutional multimodal LSTM to encode the sequential interactions between individual words, visual information, and spatial information. We show that our proposed model outperforms the baseline model on benchmark datasets. In addition, we analyze the intermediate output of the proposed multimodal LSTM approach and empirically explain how this approach enforces a more effective word-to-image interaction.
Electrical Interfacing of Nerve Cells and Semiconductor Chips (2002)

The electrical interfacing of individual nerve cells and silicon microstructures is considered, as well as the assembly of elementary hybrid systems made of neuronal networks and semiconductor microelectronics. Without electrochemical processes, coupling of the electron-conducting semiconductor and the ion-conducting neurons relies on a close contact of cell membrane and oxidised silicon with a high resistance of the junction and a high conductance of the attached membrane. Neuronal excitation can be elicited and recorded from the chip by capacitive contacts and by field-effect transistors with an open gate. Integrated iono-electronic system are obtained by the outgrowth of neuronal networks on the surface of the silicon chip, by implementing electrical circuits in the chip and by two-way interfacing of the neuronal and the electronic components.
The exceptionally broad-based potential of active and passive vaccination targeting the conserved microbial surface polysaccharide PNAG (2016)

A challenging component of vaccine development is the large serologic diversity of protective antigens. Remarkably, there is a conserved surface/capsular polysaccharide, one of the most effective vaccine targets, expressed by a large number of bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic pathogens: poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG). Natural antibodies to PNAG are poorly effective at mediating in vitro microbial killing or in vivo protection. Removing most of the acetate substituents to produce a deacetylated glycoform, or using synthetic oligosaccharides of poly-β-1-6-linked glucosamine conjugated to carrier proteins, results in vaccines that elicit high levels of broad-based immunity. A fully human monoclonal antibody is highly active in laboratory and preclinical studies and has been successfully tested in a phase-I setting. Both the synthetic oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine and MAb will be further tested in humans starting in 2016; but, even if effective against only a fraction of the PNAG-producing pathogens, a major advance in vaccine-preventable diseases will occur.
Birthweight of term infants and maternal occupation in a prospective cohort of pregnant women. The ALSPAC Study Team. (1998)

Despite the absence of a significant association between birthweight and job after adjustment, there were several findings which agreed with publications on maternal occupation and pregnancy outcome. The major job groups with the lowest birthweights included the following jobs; metal forming or welding, electric or electronic work, jobs in the textile trade, and assembling and working with equipment (mobile and stationary). The lack of an association may indicate that the study was of insufficient power to detect a small difference; it may indicate the presence of confounding variables that were not adjusted for or it may indicate that no association exists.
Localized zones of Rho and Rac activities drive initiation and expansion of epithelial cell–cell adhesion (2007)

Spatiotemporal coordination of cell-cell adhesion involving lamellipodial interactions, cadherin engagement, and the lateral expansion of the contact is poorly understood. Using high-resolution live-cell imaging, biosensors, and small molecule inhibitors, we investigate how Rac1 and RhoA regulate actin dynamics during de novo contact formation between pairs of epithelial cells. Active Rac1, the Arp2/3 complex, and lamellipodia are initially localized to de novo contacts but rapidly diminish as E-cadherin accumulates; further rounds of activation and down-regulation of Rac1 and Arp2/3 occur at the contacting membrane periphery, and this cycle repeats as a restricted membrane zone that moves outward with the expanding contact. The cortical bundle of actin filaments dissolves beneath the expanding contacts, leaving actin bundles at the contact edges. RhoA and actomyosin contractility are activated at the contact edges and are required to drive expansion and completion of cell-cell adhesion. We show that zones of Rac1 and lamellipodia activity and of RhoA and actomyosin contractility are restricted to the periphery of contacting membranes and together drive initiation, expansion, and completion of cell-cell adhesion.
Neutrophil Adhesion and Activation under Flow (2008)

Neutrophil recruitment into inflamed tissue in response to injury or infection is tightly regulated. Reduced neutrophil recruitment can result in a reduced ability to fight invading microorganisms. During inflammation, neutrophils roll along the endothelial wall of postcapillary venules and integrate inflammatory signals. Neutrophil activation by selectins and chemokines regulates integrin adhesiveness. Binding of activated integrins to their counter-receptors on endothelial cells induces neutrophil arrest and firm adhesion. Adherent neutrophils can be further activated to undergo cytoskeletal rearrangement, crawling, transmigration, superoxide production, and respiratory burst. Signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors, selectin ligands, Fc receptors and outside-in signaling through integrins are all involved in neutrophil activation, but their interplay in the multistep process of recruitment is only beginning to emerge. This review provides an overview of signaling in rolling and adherent neutrophils.
The acute effect of doxorubicin and its analogue--4'-epidoxorubicin on circulatory system in rabbits. (1989)

The acute influence of doxorubicin (DXR) and its analogue - 4'-epidoxorubicin (4'-epiDXR) on cardiovascular system in rabbits was compared. A single intravenous dose of DXR (1 and 3 mg/kg) did not affect the cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate, but reduced the mean arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. In contrast, 4-epiDXR, in the same doses, did not affect any of the hemodynamic parameters.
Isolation and structural elucidation of a tetrahedral intermediate in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvoyl transferase enzymic pathway (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structural elucidation of a tetrahedral intermediate in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvoyl transferase enzymic pathwayJohn L. Marquardt, Eric D. Brown, Christopher T. Walsh, and Karen S. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 22, 10398–10399Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00075a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00075a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Innate immunity conferred by toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression is pivotal to monosodium urate monohydrate crystal–induced inflammation (2005)

The murine host requires TLR-2, TLR-4, and MyD88 for macrophage activation and development of full-blown neutrophilic, air pouch inflammation in response to MSU crystals. Our findings implicate innate immune cellular recognition of naked MSU crystals by specific TLRs as a major factor in determining the inflammatory potential of MSU crystal deposits and the course of gouty arthritis.
Amino-terminal trimming of peptides for presentation on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (1997)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules bind antigenic peptides for display to T lymphocytes. Although the enzymes involved remain to be identified, it is commonly believed that class II associated peptides are released from intact antigens through a series of proteolytic steps carried out inside antigen presenting cells. We have examined the effect of amino acid substitutions on proteolytic processing of the model antigen hen-egg lysozyme (HEL). Altered HEL molecules, engineered by site-directed mutagenesis of a HEL cDNA, were expressed as separate stable transfectants in a B cell lymphoma line. Each transfectant processed a different mutant HEL protein for presentation on MHC class II. We purified the resulting class II-associated peptides and analyzed them by mass spectrometry. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that antigen processing continues after peptide binding to the MHC class II molecule and are most consistent with a scenario in which long peptides first bind to MHC class II and are then trimmed by exopeptidase.
Investigating the linearity versus efficiency trade-off of different power amplifier modes in an envelope tracking architecture (2015)

Envelope tracking (ET) power amplifiers achieve wideband efficiency over dynamic range by modulating supply voltage in response to the input envelope signal magnitude. Shaping functions relate input envelope magnitude to dynamic supply voltage and can be defined to achieve optimum performance in terms of not only efficiency and power, but also linearity. Using an active harmonic load-pull measurement system, this paper explores the trade-off between linearity and efficiency in terms of the intrinsic current and voltage behavior within an emulated ET environment, and as determined by different envelope shaping functions. The analysis compares the behavior of conventional class-AB and high-efficiency class-F modes in an ET architecture, using a 50V LDMOS device. Experimental results at 900MHz show that simple shaping functions with only second order terms are able to generate linear relationships between the fundamental output current and input voltage envelopes. In the case of class-F, this is achieved while maintaining high-efficiency, and thus raises the attractive prospect of using an ET architecture to reduce required linearizer complexity - an important factor in small-cell base station power amplifier (PA) design.
Putrescine transport is greatly increased in human fibroblasts initiated to proliferate. (1976)

Putrescine (diaminobutane) was previously found to stimulate proliferation of human fibroblasts in tissue culture, and a growth factor produced by these cells was identified as putrescine. In the present paper putrescine transport is studied. The rate of putrescine transport was dependent on temperature, and most of the labeled putrescine was retained by the cells after washing with excess unlabeled putrescine. The concentration of radioactivity after a [14 C]putrescine pulse was 85 times higher in the cells than in the medium, and over 95% of the radioactivity in the cells was as unchanged putrescine. Butanol treatment removed 70% of the radioactivity from the cells. The calculated Km was about the same for rapidly growing and for starved cultures, while Vmax was higher for the former than for the latter cultures. Putrescine transport was inhibited to varying degrees by other polyamines, but not by amino acids or divalent cations. Stimulation of cell proliferation by serum was followed by an 18-100-fold increase in the rate of putrescine transport, which was not inhibitable with cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or prostaglandin E1. Removal of serum resulted in a rapid decrease in the rate of putrescine transport. Insulin in low serum medium and trypsin in the absence of serum also accelerated putrescine transport. Moreover, the rate of putrescine transport was dependent on cell density. It was faster in sparsely populated than in densely populated cultures. SV40-transformed human fibroblasts responded to addition and removal of serum in the same way as the untransformed parent cell line.
Expression of facilitative glucose transporter isoforms in lung carcinomas: its relation to histologic type, differentiation grade, and tumor stage. (1998)

Expression of facilitative glucose transporter (Glut) isoforms was studied immunohistochemically in lung carcinomas. Glut-1 was expressed in 45 (74%) of 61 lung carcinomas, including 19 (100%) of 19 squamous cell carcinomas. No Glut-1 staining was seen in normal lung epithelium surrounding the tumors. In squamous cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas, Glut-1 immunostaining was stronger in the central area of tumor cell nests corresponding to the hypoperfused region. Focal staining was seen in 14 (58%) of 24 adenocarcinomas, and positive staining was correlated to lesser differentiation, larger tumor size, and positive lymph node metastasis. Glut-2 was detected in normal airway epithelium, but no positive staining was seen in lung carcinomas. Glut-3 and Glut-4 were not positively stained in normal lung epithelia, but a few lung carcinoma samples showed positive reaction (9 of 61 in Glut-3; 4 of 61 in Glut-4). Glut-4 immunoexpression was seen in regenerating alveolar and bronchiolar epithelia around and in cancer tissues. Glut-5 expression was not detected in normal and tumor tissues. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for Glut-1, Glut-3, and Glut-4 confirmed the expression revealed by immunohistochemical analysis. Overexpression of Glut could enhance uptake of glucose into lung carcinoma cells, and the increased glucose influx could be involved in cell biologic activities.
NLR family member NLRC5 is a transcriptional regulator of MHC class I genes (2010)

MHC class I plays a critical role in the immune defense against viruses and tumors by presenting antigens to CD8 T cells. An NLR protein, class II transactivator (CIITA), is a key regulator of MHC class II gene expression that associates and cooperates with transcription factors in the MHC class II promoter. Although CIITA also transactivates MHC class I gene promoters, loss of CIITA in humans and mice results in the severe reduction of only MHC class II expression, suggesting that additional mechanisms regulate the expression of MHC class I. Here, we identify another member of the NLR protein family, NLRC5, as a transcriptional regulator of MHC class I genes. Similar to CIITA, NLRC5 is an IFN-gamma-inducible nuclear protein, and the expression of NLRC5 resulted in enhanced MHC class I expression in lymphoid as well as epithelial cell lines. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays, we show that NLRC5 associates with and activates the promoters of MHC class I genes. Furthermore, we show that the IFN-gamma-induced up-regulation of MHC class I requires NLRC5, because knockdown of NLRC5 specifically impaired the expression of MHC class I. In addition to MHC class I genes, NLRC5 also induced the expression of beta2-microglobulin, transporter associated with antigen processing, and large multifunctional protease, which are essential for MHC class I antigen presentation. Our results suggest that NLRC5 is a transcriptional regulator, orchestrating the concerted expression of critical components in the MHC class I pathway.
The V Protein of Mumps Virus Plays a Critical Role in Pathogenesis (2011)

Mumps virus (MuV) causes an acute infection in humans characterized by a wide array of symptoms ranging from relatively mild manifestations, such as parotitis, to more-severe complications, such as meningitis and encephalitis. Widespread mumps vaccination has reduced mumps incidence dramatically; however, outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations. The V protein of MuV, when expressed in cell culture, blocks interferon (IFN) expression and signaling and interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling. In this work, we generated a recombinant MuV incapable of expressing the V protein (rMuVΔV). The rescued MuV was derived from a clinical wild-type isolate from a recent outbreak in the United States (MuV(Iowa/US/06), G genotype). Analysis of the virus confirmed the roles of V protein in blocking IFN expression and signaling and IL-6 signaling. We also found that the rMuV(Iowa/US/06)ΔV virus induced high levels of IL-6 expression in vitro, suggesting that V plays a role in reducing IL-6 expression. In vivo, the rMuV(Iowa/US/06)ΔV virus was highly attenuated, indicating that the V protein plays an essential role in viral virulence.
Molecular Biology of Terminal Transferas (1986)

Terminal transferase is an unusual deoxynucleotide polymerizing enzyme found only in prelymphocytes. The protein was purified to homogeneity from calf thymus glands in 1971 as a 32 kDa protein with a two peptide structure. Subsequent biochemical and immunological analyses of terminal transferase protein in crude extracts from a number of animal species showed a single peptide with a molecular weight of about 58,000. The two peptide structure found earlier was caused by proteolysis. Homogeneous 58 kDa terminal transferase has now been produced from human lymphoblastoid cells and calf thymus glands by immunoaffinity chromatography. In vitro phosphorylation studies showed that the terminal transferase protein contains one phosphorylation site near one end of the polypeptide chain, and the phosphorylation of the enzyme has been confirmed by in vivo labeling experiments. Unambiguous demonstration of the molecular weight of the human terminal transferase was obtained by translation of the cloned human terminal transferase DNA sequence to a 58,308 Da protein. The translated amino acid sequence also provided a possible phosphorylation site near the amino-terminus of the protein. Preliminary analysis of the genomic structure shows a simple intron/exon pattern with the total human terminal transferase gene spanning at least 65 Kb.
The Wavelet Transform for Analysis, Synthesis, and Processing of Speech and Music Sounds (1988)

The wavelet transform is a recent method of signal analysis and synthesis (Grossmann and Morlet 1984; Grossmann et al. 1987). It analyzes signals in terms of wavelets-functions limited both in the time and the frequency domain. In comparison, the classical Fourier analysis method analyzes signals in terms of sine and cosine wave components that are not limited in time. The wavelet transform is related to granular analysis/synthesis, first suggested by Gabor (1946). Granular synthesis has been implemented by Roads (1978) and Truax (1988). Rodet (1985) and Li6nard (1984) use adapted grains for speech signals; however, these implementations do not attempt to reconstruct an arbitrary given signal. The Gabor method uses an expansion of a function into a two-parameter family of elementary wavelets that are obtained from one basic wavelet
Senescent Cells Contribute to the Physiological Remodeling of Aged Lungs (2015)

Age-associated decline in organ function governs life span. We determined the effect of aging on lung function and cellular/molecular changes of 8- to 32-month old mice. Proteomic analysis of lung matrix indicated significant compositional changes with advanced age consistent with a profibrotic environment that leads to a significant increase in dynamic compliance and airway resistance. The excess of matrix proteins deposition was associated modestly with the activation of myofibroblasts and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. More importantly, detection of senescent cells in the lungs increased with age and these cells contributed toward the excess extracellular matrix deposition observed in our aged mouse model and in elderly human samples. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT activity was enhanced in aged mouse lungs compared with those from younger mice associated with the increased expression of the histone variant protein, MH2A, a marker for aging and potentially for senescence. Introduction in the mouse diet of rapamycin, significantly blocked the mTOR activity and limited the activation of myofibroblasts but did not result in a reduction in lung collagen deposition unless it was associated with prevention of cellular senescence. Together these data indicate that cellular senescence significantly contributes to the extracellular matrix changes associated with aging in a mTOR 1-dependent mechanism.
Modeling of Geomechanics in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2008)

Summary Conventional modeling of fractured reservoirs treats fracture-system permeability and porosity as static (or pressure-dependent) data. Recent attempts at coupling geomechanics focused on the permeability but used crude empirical relations and treated the fluid flow as single porosity. This study takes advantage of the joint-mechanics theory to develop general, rigorous coupling between the fluid-flow equation and deformation of fractured media. Both porosity and permeability coupling are considered. The geomechanical part uses the equivalent-continuum approach, considering both rock- and fracture-deformation properties. Multiple sets of fractures with any dip and strike angle can be defined. The stiffness of fractures varies with the effective stress according to a law typical for joints. The main novelty of this work is that the geomechanics solution is decomposed into matrix and fracture parts and used to compute their dynamic porosity and permeability separately. This approach rigorously captures the effect of fractured-media deformation on the dual-porosity-flow part of the coupled system and allows the permeability and porosity variations to be based on measurable joint properties. Generally, fracture deformations produce changes of the permeability tensor in both magnitude and orientation, which in turn influences reservoir flow and compaction behavior. The main issue studied was the variation in the permeability of the fracture system. The examples show that fracture deformation has a significant effect on productivity or injectivity and that anisotropy of the permeability tensor develops from deformation. The results provide an initiative for implementing the case of full-tensor permeability.
Superconductivity and Substrate Interaction of Screen-Printed Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Films (1988)

Thick films of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system have been prepared by the screen-printing and sintering method to show moderately high- T c superconductivity. Electric properties and crystal structures of the films were strongly dependent on both the sintering temperature and substrate materials. Highly oriented films were obtained by sintering the films printed on YSZ and SrTiO 3 substrates at 850°C. A film prepared on YSZ substrate showed superconductivity with the onset and zero resistivity temperature of 95 K and 68 K, respectively.