gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly chemoselective palladium-catalyzed conjugate reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with silicon hydrides and zinc chloride cocatalyst (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly chemoselective palladium-catalyzed conjugate reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with silicon hydrides and zinc chloride cocatalystEhud. Keinan and Noam. GreenspoonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 23, 7314–7325Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00283a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00283a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3311Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stability and activity of specific antibodies against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in bovine milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG or treated at ultra‐high temperature (2002)

Passive local immunization against dental caries is a promising approach to its prevention, as clinical evidence of active oral or nasal immunization is still limited and controversial. By means of systemic immunization of pregnant cows with a multivalent vaccine, high titres of IgG antibodies against human cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, were produced in bovine colostrum. The purified immune product (IP) of this preparation has a number of anticariogenic properties, such as inhibition of streptococcal adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and inhibition of glucosyltransferase enzymes. This study investigated whether IP antibodies remained active and functional when added to ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk or to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-fermented milk stored for an extended time. LGG was chosen because of its widely known health benefits in humans and animals. A commercial UHT toddler's milk was supplemented with IP and stored for 2 months at 5, 21 and 30 degrees C. The antistreptococcal titres in UHT milk did not decline at any temperature during storage, and UHT-IP inhibited the adherence of S. mutans for up to 2 months. This was not the case with UHT toddler's milk without IgG antibodies. Milk was fermented with live LGG cells in the presence or absence of 5% IP. The antistreptococcal titres declined to about 30% of the original titres after storage. Fresh milk alone slightly enhanced streptococcal adhesion but fresh milk with IP inhibited the adherence of S. mutans by over 50%. LGG-positive fermented milk without antibodies also inhibited (P < 0.05) the adhesion by about 40%. In both LGG-fermented and UHT immune milk, the activity of antibodies against cariogenic streptococci was maintained during the expected shelf-life of these products. From the anticariogenic point of view it may be beneficial to add bovine-specific antibodies against mutans streptococci to probiotic LGG-containing milk products.
Moving gradients (2009)

We describe a method for plausible interpolation of images, with a wide range of applications like temporal up-sampling for smooth playback of lower frame rate video, smooth view interpolation, and animation of still images. The method is based on the intuitive idea, that a given pixel in the interpolated frames traces out a path in the source images. Therefore, we simply move and copy pixel gradients from the input images along this path. A key innovation is to allow arbitrary (asymmetric) transition points , where the path moves from one image to the other. This flexible transition preserves the frequency content of the originals without ghosting or blurring, and maintains temporal coherence. Perhaps most importantly, our framework makes occlusion handling particularly simple. The transition points allow for matches away from the occluded regions, at any suitable point along the path. Indeed, occlusions do not need to be handled explicitly at all in our initial graph-cut optimization. Moreover, a simple comparison of computed path lengths after the optimization, allows us to robustly identify occluded regions, and compute the most plausible interpolation in those areas. Finally, we show that significant improvements are obtained by moving gradients and using Poisson reconstruction.
N-(5-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-guanidinothiazole-4-carboxamide. A novel, systemically active antitumor agent effective against 3LL Lewis Lung carcinoma (1991)

N-(5-Fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-guanidinothiazole-4-carboxam ide (1) is a member of a series of amides found to substantially increase lifespan in mice bearing established micrometastatic 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma. Amide 1 is effective after either oral or intraperitoneal dosing in acute, subacute, or chronic regimens. 1 is well tolerated in this model with an excellent therapeutic index relative to the cytotoxic anticancer drug adriamycin.
Roles of DNA Fragmentation Factor and Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase in an Amplification Phase of Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Apoptosis (2001)

During apoptosis, endonucleases cleave DNA into 50-300-kb fragments and subsequently into internucleosomal fragments. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is implicated in apoptotic DNA cleavage; this factor comprises DFF45 and DFF40 subunits, the former of which acts as a chaperone and inhibitor of the catalytic subunit and whose cleavage by caspase-3 results in DFF activation. Disruption of the DFF45 gene blocks internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and confers resistance to apoptosis in primary thymocytes. The role of DFF-mediated DNA fragmentation in apoptosis was investigated in primary fibroblasts from DFF45(-/-) and control (DFF45(+/+)) mice. DFF45 deficiency rendered fibroblasts resistant to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF induced rapid cleavage of DNA into approximately 50-kb fragments in DFF45(+/+) fibroblasts but not in DFF45(-/-) cells, indicating that DFF mediates this initial step in DNA processing. The TNF-induced activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which requires PARP binding to DNA strand breaks, and the consequent depletion of the PARP substrate NAD were markedly delayed in DFF45(-/-) cells, suggesting a role for DFF in PARP activation. The activation of caspase-3 and mitochondrial events important in apoptotic signaling, including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c, induced by TNF were similarly delayed in DFF45(-/-) fibroblasts. DFF45(-/-) and DFF45(+/+) cells were equally sensitive to the DNA-damaging agent and PARP activator N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Inhibition of PARP by 3-aminobenzamide partially protected DFF45(+/+) cells against TNF-induced death and inhibited the associated release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that the generation of 50-kb DNA fragments by DFF, together with the activation of PARP, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase-3 activation, contributes to an amplification loop in the death process.
PRINCIPLES OF SOLID-ORGAN PRESERVATION BY COLD STORAGE (1988)

Presentation d'une nouvelle solution de conservation convenant aussi bien pour le refroidissement de l'organe in situ dans l'organisme du donneur que pour la conservation in vitro sous hypothermie. Integration des principes de base de l'ischemie hypothermique anaerobie et du metabolisme specifique de l'organe. La methode est appliquable non seulement au rein mais aussi au foie, au pancreas et probablement a d'autres organes
Parallel graph algorithms (1984)

Algorithms and data structures developed to solve graph problems on parallel computers are surveyed. The problems discussed relate to searching graphs and finding connected components, maximal chques, maximum cardinahty matchings, mimmum spanning trees, shortest paths, and travehng salesman tours. The algorithms are based on a number of models of parallel computation, including systohc arrays, assoclatwe processors, array processors, and mulhple CPU computers. The most popular model is a direct extension of the standard RAM model of sequential computation. It may not, however, be the best basis for the study of parallel algorithms. More emphasis has been focused recently on communications issues in the analysis of the complexity of parallel algorithms; thus parallel models are coming to be more complementary to implementable architectures. Most algorithms use relatwely simple data structures, such as the adjacency matrix and adjacency hsts, although a few algorithms using linked hsts, heaps, and trees are also discussed.
Quantized Conductance at the Majorana Phase Transition in a Disordered Superconducting Wire (2011)

Superconducting wires without time-reversal and spin-rotation symmetries can be driven into a topological phase that supports Majorana bound states. Direct detection of these zero-energy states is complicated by the proliferation of low-lying excitations in a disordered multimode wire. We show that the phase transition itself is signaled by a quantized thermal conductance and electrical shot noise power, irrespective of the degree of disorder. In a ring geometry, the phase transition is signaled by a period doubling of the magnetoconductance oscillations. These signatures directly follow from the identification of the sign of the determinant of the reflection matrix as a topological quantum number.
Electrochemical Surface Derivatization of Glassy Carbon by the Reduction of Triaryl- and Alkyldiphenylsulfonium Salts (2007)

The range of materials susceptible to electrochemically assisted grafting onto carbon materials has been expanded to include a new group of compounds. This new approach is based on the reduction of symmetrical or unsymmetrical triarylsulfonium salts and alkyldiphenylsulfonium salts. Our findings suggest that it is possible to form layers of aryl moieties on the surface and that the unsymmetrical triarylsulfonium salts cleave upon reduction in a direction dictated by the substituent on the rings (i.e., (4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium salt leads to a film made predominantly of phenyl groups, whereas (4-chlorophenyl)diphenylsulfonium salt leads to a mixture of phenyl and chlorophenyl groups). These relationships may be understood by considering the inductive nature of the substituent with regard to the aryl-S bonds and are supported by preparative experiments. Upon reduction, the alkyldiphenylsulfonium salts are found to cleave almost exclusively to an alkyl radical and diphenyl sulfide. As judged from the electrochemical blocking properties of the films made from such species, either relatively thick or compact films are formed. The mass spectrometric analysis indicates that the films are made of a combination of alkyl and aryl groups and possibly related structural derivatives. Importantly, our findings provide evidence that it is possible to graft electrode surfaces with reactive aryl radicals even using precursors reduced at potentials that are substantially more negative than the estimated reduction potential of the grafting radical.
A Fully Integrated Dual-Mode Highly Linear 2.4 GHz CMOS Power Amplifier for 4G WiMax Applications (2009)

In recent years, there has been tremendous interest in trying to implement the power amplifier in CMOS, due to its cost and integration benefits. Most of the high power (watt-level) CMOS PAs reported to date have not exhibited sufficient linearity required for next generation wireless standards. In this paper, we report a single-chip linear CMOS PA with sufficient power and linearity for emerging OFDM-based 4G WiMAX applications. This 90 nm 2.4 GHz CMOS linear power amplifier uses a two-stage transformer-based power combiner and produces a saturated output power of 30.1 dBm with 33% PAE and 28 dB small-signal gain. A novel bypass network is introduced to ensure stability without sacrificing gain. The choice of optimal biasing and capacitive compensation produces very flat AM-AM and AM-PM response up to high power. The PA has been tested with OFDM modulated signal and produces EVM better than -25 dB at 22.7 dBm average power. Graceful power back-off is demonstrated through turning off one of the stages, allowing low-power operation with enhanced efficiency.
Gemcitabine and paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer: a review. (2004)

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) and paclitaxel are active drugs in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Phase I clinical trials data have suggested that the gemcitabine plus paclitaxel combination is safe in breast cancer patients. Two doses/administration schedules have been preferred in subsequent phase II and III trials: gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 plus a taxane on day 1, every 3 weeks; or gemcitabine plus a taxane on days 1 and 14, every 4 weeks. In phase II trials, 114 of 221 patients (52%) responded to gemcitabine/paclitaxel therapy. Response rates were lower among patients who received previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease (response rates: 45%, second line and 70%, first line). Toxicity of gemcitabine/paclitaxel regimens has generally been low, with few cases of neutropenia or nonhematologic toxicity. Results of the randomized phase III registration trial show a clear advantage for gemcitabine plus paclitaxel over paclitaxel alone in time to disease progression, objective response, and overall survival. Triplet combinations, in which an anthracycline is added to gemcitabine/paclitaxel, are being explored in the metastatic and neoadjuvant settings.
Selective Expression of Nonsecreted Interferon by an Adenoviral Vector Confers Antiproliferative and Antiviral Properties and Causes Reduction of Tumor Growth in Nude Mice (2001)

Replication-deficient adenoviruses expressing human interferon-alpha2b (HuIFN-alpha2b) or the hybrid IFN-alpha2alpha1 or those with the secretory signal deleted, whose express is driven by the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter, were constructed and characterized. Synthesis of IFN protein and secretion or intracellular retention were tested by Western blotting and immunoassay. Expression of IFN by the recombinant adenoviruses was restricted to cells that constitutively express AFP. In these cells, expression of both secreted and nonsecreted recombinant IFN resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation, resistance to viral infection, induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression, increased apoptosis, and activation of an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-containing promoter. Also, the induction of protein kinase R (PKR), increased phosphorylation of Stat1, and accumulation of hypophosphorylated pRb were observed for both the secreted and nonsecreted IFN, suggesting that the nonsecreted IFN may act through a similar pathway. Hep3B cells, an AFP-positive line derived from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into athymic nude mice to generate established tumors. Intratumoral injection of recombinant adenoviruses expressing secreted as well as the nonsecreted IFN caused suppression of tumor growth. As the AFP promoter is activated in many HCC cells but is silent in normal cells, these constructs may be useful in restricting IFN effects to the tumor cells while reducing toxicity to the neighboring tissues.
Adversarial Evaluation of Dialogue Models (2017)

The recent application of RNN encoder-decoder models has resulted in substantial progress in fully data-driven dialogue systems, but evaluation remains a challenge. An adversarial loss could be a way to directly evaluate the extent to which generated dialogue responses sound like they came from a human. This could reduce the need for human evaluation, while more directly evaluating on a generative task. In this work, we investigate this idea by training an RNN to discriminate a dialogue model's samples from human-generated samples. Although we find some evidence this setup could be viable, we also note that many issues remain in its practical application. We discuss both aspects and conclude that future work is warranted.
Optimised shaped parasitic array using the genetic algorithm (1999)

The performance of a shaped, three-element parasitic antenna is improved by the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with the method of moments (MoM). The GA enabled the shaping and spacing of the elements to be changed at will as the optimum gain and front-to-back ratio (F/B) were sought. Appropriate interfacing to the NEC code made rapid testing possible, and the combination thus yields a powerful antenna-synthesis tool. The results show that a simple, 3λ/2, V-shape, parasitic array can achieve markedly increased gain over its straight, parallel-element counterpart but without the need for the elaborate element curvature, as reported elsewhere.
High-Yield Chemical Conversion of Biomass into Biofuels and Value-Added Products (2010)

We have developed a new method to efficiently convert waste biomass (agricultural, municipal, forestry) into biofuels and value-added products. The process is completely chemical in nature, inexpensive, and produces no waste stream. The derived products are non-toxic, biodegradable substitutes for petroleum, both in motor fuels and as renewable chemical intermediates. The technology involves the chemical digestion of the carbohydrate content of biomass (sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose) in a proprietary biphasic reactor under mild conditions (80 °C, 2-3 h) to give 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) as the main product in isolated yields as high as 90%. To our knowledge, no other method of biomass deconstruction gives such complete conversion of carbohydrates into a simple organic molecule. We present CMF here as an emerging renewable platform chemical, providing access to a versatile portfolio of derived products.
Acute Appendicitis: Comparison of Low-Dose and Standard-Dose Unenhanced Multi–Detector Row CT (2004)

Low-dose unenhanced multi-detector row CT has similar diagnostic performance as standard-dose unenhanced multi-detector row CT for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Current–Voltage Characteristics of Long-Channel Nanobundle Thin-Film Transistors: A “Bottom-Up” Perspective (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> By generalizing the classical linear response theory of “stick” percolation to nonlinear regime, we find that the drain–current of a nanobundle thin-film transistor (NB-TFT) is described under a rather general set of conditions by a universal scaling formula <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$I_{D} = A/L_{S}\xi(L_{S}/L_{C}, \rho_{S}L_{S}^{2}) \times f(V_{G}, V_{D})$</tex></formula>, where <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$A$</tex></formula> is a technology-specific constant, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\xi$</tex></formula> is a function of geometrical factors such as stick length <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$L_{S}$</tex></formula>, channel length <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$L_{C}$</tex></formula>, and stick density <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\rho_{S}$</tex></formula>, and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$f$</tex></formula> is a function of drain <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$V_{D}$</tex></formula> and gate <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$V_{G}$</tex></formula> biasing conditions. This scaling formula implies that the measurement of the full current–voltage characteristics of a “single” NB-TFT is sufficient to predict the performance characteristics of any other transistor with arbitrary geometrical parameters and biasing conditions. </para>
A compact 1V 18.6dBm 60GHz power amplifier in 65nm CMOS (2011)

One of the remaining challenges in implementing CMOS 60GHz radios is to cover longer communication distance as the high path loss at mm-Wave frequencies demands higher EIRP, which in turn requires considerable design effort on the transmitter. In addition, to comply with the OFDM transmitting mode of the IEEE 802.15.3c standards, the power amplifier (PA) must be capable to handle a peak power level 6~9dB higher than the average without sacrificing reliability. With the low supply voltage limitation of deeply scaled CMOS technologies, efficient power-combining techniques are essential. Spatial power combining is an attractive solution to meet the EIRP goal, but at the cost of spending extra power on the complex signal distribution and in order to compensate for the phase-shifter loss. Spatial power-combining solutions also occupy larger area due to the requirement of multiple antennas, minimum antenna spacing, and the transmission line feed network. On the other hand, CMOS PAs with on chip power-combining structures have achieved 18dBm of output power. However, all the combiners comprise multiple stages to achieve both impedance transformation and power combining which not only increase the insertion loss and directly degrade the efficiency, but also consume a significant amount of silicon area, rendering them far less appealing for system integration. This paper presents a fully integrated 18.6dBm CMOS PA based on an efficient and compact on-chip power combiner.
Cooperation of multiple simulators for Mobile IP networks (2003)

In the field of mobile communication, not only has the scale of network environments increased over the last few years, but there has also been a steady increase in the diversity of mobile communication protocols and service applications due to the spread of mobile Internet applications. To enable these networks to be designed and developed efficiently, it is therefore necessary to have some way of simulating entire systems in order to evaluate different schemes, predict the traffic levels and try out alternative designs. In this study, we simulate a large-scale wide-area mobile Internet environment by allowing multiple existing simulators to cooperate with each other. Specifically, by calling a wireless data link protocol software simulator on an OPNET from an ns-2 simulator running a wide-area network simulation, we have conducted a simulated evaluation of a TCP/IP communication protocol suite including a W-CDMA environment, thereby confirming the validity of this approach.
Organic TFT Array on a Paper Substrate (2004)

We demonstrate a high-performance organic thin-film transistor array fabricated on a flexible paper substrate. As a water and chemical barrier layer, 6-μm-thick parylene has been coated on the paper substrate by using the vacuum deposition. The parylene layer protects the paper substrate from becoming damp during the wet chemical process. Using poly (3-hexylthiophene) as an active layer, a high-performance organic transistor with field effect mobility up to 0.086 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V/spl middot/s and an on/off ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> can be achieved. Organic transistors built on a cheap paper substrate open a channel for future applications in flexible and disposable electronics with extremely low-cost.