gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ballistocardiography (1953)

A physical analysis is presented of the Starr, Nickerson, and Dock methods for registering the ballistocardiogram. It is shown that many forms of distortion are present. Some of the distortion may be present in the instrumentation which may be controlled, and other forms of distortion are inherent in the subject under test which are most difficult to control or evaluate. The effects which some of the uncontrollable variables have upon the amplitudes and temporal positioning of the registered ballistocardiographic waves is analyzed. The status of static and dynamic standardization procedures is discussed. A "Glossary of Technical Terms" is appended.
Adamantane functionalization. synthesis of polyfunctional derivatives with various substituents in bridgehead positions (2012)

Published data on the methods of the synthesis of polyfunctional adamantane derivatives with various substituents at the tertiary carbon atoms of the adamantane framework are generalized and analyzed.
Survivin, bcl-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 enhance progression of clear cell- and serous-type ovarian carcinomas (2001)

Clear cell adenocarcinomas (CA), unlike serous adenocarcinomas (SA) of the ovary, are often at stage I, are resistant to platinum-based drugs and have a poor prognosis. The causes of these differences are unclear. In this study, the differences in progression between CA and SA were examined in terms of apoptosis-related and tumor invasion-related factors. The 16 cases of CA and the 16 cases of SA were reviewed. Excised tissues were classified into primary or metastatic loci, and the expressions of survivin, Bcl-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in each locus immunohistochemically assayed. Whether the expression of each protein was correlated to prognosis was investigated and additionally the invasion ability of cell strains established from CA and SA were examined using in vitro invasion assay. CA at stage I showed significantly higher survivin expression than SA (p<0.05). In CA, survivin tended to be expressed higher in primary locus than in metastatic locus (p=0.068), however, Bcl-2 was expressed relatively higher in the latter (p=0.087). SA did not have these tendencies. While MMP-2 was expressed significantly higher in SA than in CA (p<0.05), and more so in metastatic locus than in primary locus of SA (p<0.05). Invasion assay showed that the invasion of cells derived from SA was significantly inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2, an MMP inhibitor. The disease-free interval was significantly shorter when survivin expression was observed in the nucleus. These results suggest that the expression of apoptosis inhibiting factors and enhanced invasion ability affect progression of CA and SA, respectively.
Assembly of Multilayered Films Using Well-Defined, End-Labeled Poly(acrylic acid):  Influence of Molecular Weight on Exponential Growth in a Synthetic Weak Polyelectrolyte System (2007)

We report on the influence of polyanion molecular weight on the growth and structure of multilayered thin films fabricated from poly(allylamine) (PAH) and well-defined, end-labeled poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. We observed striking differences in the growth of PAH/PAA films fabricated using well-defined PAA compared to films fabricated using higher molecular weight, commercially available PAA. Past studies demonstrate that the thicknesses of PAH/PAA films increase as linear functions of the number of PAH and PAA layers deposited over a broad range of pH (e.g., from pH 2.5 to 4.5). We observed the thicknesses of films fabricated using solutions of PAH and PAA adjusted to pH 7.5 and 3.5, respectively, to increase in a nonlinear manner. Films fabricated using well-defined, low molecular weight samples of PAA under these conditions increased in thickness exponentially. Experiments using samples of PAA having substantially non-overlapping molecular weight distributions demonstrated a clear relationship between the molecular weight of PAA and rates of film growth. We also used confocal microscopy, in combination with fluorescently end-labeled samples of PAA, to characterize the location of PAA in these assemblies. The results of these experiments, when combined, support the general conclusion that PAA is able to penetrate or diffuse into these films over large distances during assembly. The mechanism of growth for these films thus appears similar to that recently reported for the exponential growth of films fabricated using a variety of biologically relevant polyelectrolytes. The use of living/controlled methods of polymerization to synthesize well-defined samples of PAA facilitates an interpretation of these differences in film behavior as arising largely from differences in polymer molecular weight and polydispersity. This work provides insight into the assembly and structure of a well-studied weak polyelectrolyte film system and illustrates the potential of living/controlled methods of polymerization to contribute to the characterization and understanding of the physical properties of these ionically cross-linked materials.
Contributions of Gene Marking to Cell and Gene Therapies (2011)

The first human genetic modification studies used replication-incompetent integrating vector vectors to introduce marker genes into T lymphocytes and subsequently into hematopoietic stem cells. Such studies have provided numerous insights into the biology of hematopoiesis and immune reconstitution and contributed to clinical development of gene and cell therapies. Tracking of hematopoietic reconstitution and analysis of the origin of residual malignant disease after hematopoietic transplantation has been possible via gene marking. Introduction of selectable marker genes has enabled preselection of specific T-cell populations for tumor and viral immunotherapy and reduced the threat of graft-versus-host disease, improving the survival of patients after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Marking studies in humans, murine xenografts, and large animals have helped optimize conditions for gene transfer into CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors, contributing to the achievement of gene transfer efficiencies sufficient for clinical benefit in several serious genetic diseases such as X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and adrenoleukodystrophy. When adverse events linked to insertional mutagenesis arose in clinical gene therapy trials for inherited immunodeficiencies, additional animal studies using gene-marking vectors have greatly increased our understanding of genotoxicity. The knowledge gained from these studies is being translated into new vector designs and clinical protocols, which we hope will continue to improve the efficiency, effectiveness and safety of these promising therapeutic approaches.
IL-15 trans-presentation promotes human NK cell development and differentiation in vivo (2008)

The in vivo requirements for human natural killer (NK) cell development and differentiation into cytotoxic effectors expressing inhibitory receptors for self-major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I; killer Ig-like receptors [KIRs]) remain undefined. Here, we dissect the role of interleukin (IL)-15 in human NK cell development using Rag2(-/-)gamma c(-/-) mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. Human NK cell reconstitution was intrinsically low in this model because of the poor reactivity to mouse IL-15. Although exogenous human IL-15 (hIL-15) alone made little improvement, IL-15 coupled to IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15R alpha) significantly augmented human NK cells. IL-15-IL-15R alpha complexes induced extensive NK cell proliferation and differentiation, resulting in accumulation of CD16(+)KIR(+) NK cells, which was not uniquely dependent on enhanced survival or preferential responsiveness of this subset to IL-15. Human NK cell differentiation in vivo required hIL-15 and progressed in a linear fashion from CD56(hi)CD16(-)KIR(-) to CD56(lo)CD16(+)KIR(-), and finally to CD56(lo)CD16(+)KIR(+). These data provide the first evidence that IL-15 trans-presentation regulates human NK cell homeostasis. Use of hIL-15 receptor agonists generates a robust humanized immune system model to study human NK cells in vivo. IL-15 receptor agonists may provide therapeutic tools to improve NK cell reconstitution after bone marrow transplants, enhance graft versus leukemia effects, and increase the pool of IL-15-responsive cells during immunotherapy strategies.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION WITH HYLAN G-F 20 FOR THE TREATMENT OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (2003)

Whereas there is good quality scientific evidence showing that Hylan G-F 20 is a safe and well-tolerated therapy providing a short-term decrease of the pain symptoms while improving joint function, the delay of the need for knee replacement as well as the durability of the effect over the longer term have only been demonstrated in noncontrolled clinical series. The available evidence is not sufficient to reach firm conclusions on the effect of multiple courses of intra-articular injections of Hylan G-F 20 on health outcomes.
Noninvasive Prediction of Glucose by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (1999)

These data provide preliminary evidence and allow cautious optimism that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the 1050-2450 nm wavelength range can be used to predict blood glucose concentrations noninvasively. Substantial research is still required to validate whether this technology is a viable tool for long-term home diagnostic use by diabetics.
Noble-Gas NMR Detection through Noble-Gas-Rubidium Hyperfine Contact Interaction (1978)

Enhanced noble-gas NMR signals are observed in mixed noble-gas-rubidium samples by monitoring spin polarization of the optically pumped rubidium ensemble mechanized as a magnetometer. These signals are believed to arise through electron exchange enhancement of the contact hyperfine interaction during noble-gas-rubidium binary collisions. Polarization of the noble-gas magnetization is obtained through spin exchange with the rubidium ensemble.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa diaminopimelate decarboxylase: evolutionary relationship with other amino acid decarboxylases. (1988)

The lysA gene encodes meso-diaminopimelate (DAP) decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.20), the last enzyme of the lysine biosynthetic pathway in bacteria. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the lysA gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the lysA gene product revealed extensive similarity with the sequences of the functionally equivalent enzymes from Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Even though both P. aeruginosa and E. coli are Gram-negative bacteria, sequence comparisons indicate a greater similarity between enzymes of P. aeruginosa and the Gram-positive bacterium C. glutamicum than between those of P. aeruginosa and E. coli enzymes. Comparison of DAP decarboxylase with protein sequences present in data bases revealed that bacterial DAP decarboxylases are homologous to mouse (Mus musculus) ornithine decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.17), the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis in mammals. On the other hand, no similarity was detected between DAP decarboxylases and other bacterial amino acid decarboxylases.
SUGAR SENSING AND SIGNALING IN PLANTS: Conserved and Novel Mechanisms (2006)

Sugars not only fuel cellular carbon and energy metabolism but also play pivotal roles as signaling molecules. The experimental amenability of yeast as a unicellular model system has enabled the discovery of multiple sugar sensors and signaling pathways. In plants, different sugar signals are generated by photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in source and sink tissues to modulate growth, development, and stress responses. Genetic analyses have revealed extensive interactions between sugar and plant hormone signaling, and a central role for hexokinase (HXK) as a conserved glucose sensor. Diverse sugar signals activate multiple HXK-dependent and HXK-independent pathways and use different molecular mechanisms to control transcription, translation, protein stability and enzymatic activity. Important and complex roles for Snf1-related kinases (SnRKs), extracellular sugar sensors, and trehalose metabolism in plant sugar signaling are now also emerging.
Restoration of Diastolic Function in Senescent Rat Hearts Through Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (2000)

These results support the hypothesis that decreased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity contributes to the functional abnormalities observed in senescent hearts and demonstrates that Ca(2+) cycling proteins can be targeted in the senescent heart to improve cardiac function.
External Carotid Artery Territory Ischemia Impairs Outcome in the Endovascular Filament Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats (2003)

Filament MCAO was complicated by the consequences of ECA ischemia in approximately half of all rats. Impaired mastication and swallowing functions restricted ingestion and resulted in postsurgical body weight loss and worse motor performance. Impaired cerebral microperfusion resulting from dehydration and reduced spontaneous motor activity resulting from reduced food and water uptake might have contributed to poorer neurological recovery in ECA ischemic rats. Thus, adverse effects caused by extracerebral ischemia with potential impact on outcome have to be considered in this stroke model.
Mouse hematopoietic stem-cell antigen Sca-1 is a member of the Ly-6 antigen family. (1989)

Recently, hematopoietic stem cells were purified to homogeneity from mouse bone marrow. The protein structure of Sca-1, the cell surface antigen used in the isolation of hematopoietic stem cells, is described here. It is shown that the Sca-1 antigen is a member of the Ly-6 antigen family. The anti-Sca-1 antibody was used in immunohistochemistry experiments to define the structures in several tissues that had previously been shown to contain Ly-6 antigens. In thymus, spleen, and kidney, specific staining of parenchymal cells can be demonstrated, whereas only vasculature reacts with anti-Sca-1 in brain, heart, and liver and possibly in lung.
Myoendothelial Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived Stem Cells in Ischemic Limb Tissues (2003)

Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains high numbers of endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) characterized by coexpression of CD34 and CD133 markers. Prior studies have shown that CD34+/CD133+ EPCs from the cord or peripheral blood (PB) can give rise to endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. In the present study, it is shown that freshly isolated human cord blood CD34+ cells injected into ischemic adductor muscles gave rise to endothelial and, unexpectedly, to skeletal muscle cells in mice. In fact, the treated limbs exhibited enhanced arteriole length density and regenerating muscle fiber density. Under similar experimental conditions, CD34- cells did not enhance the formation of new arterioles and regenerating muscle fibers. In nonischemic limbs CD34+ cells increased arteriole length density but did not promote formation of new muscle fibers. Endothelial and myogenic differentiation ability was maintained in CD34+ cells after ex vivo expansion. Myogenic conversion of human cord blood CD34+ cells was also observed in vitro by coculture onto mouse myoblasts. These results show that human cord blood CD34+ cells differentiate into endothelial and skeletal muscle cells, thus providing an indication of human EPCs plasticity. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Intersubband optical absorption in a quantum well with an applied electric field (1987)

We present new results for the electric field dependence of the intersubband optical absorption within the conduction band of a quantum well. We show that for increasing electric field the absorption peak corresponding to the transition of states 1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2 is shifted higher in energy and the peak amplitude is increased. These features are different from those of the exciton absorption. It is also found that the transition 1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3, forbidden when F=0, is possible when F is nonzero.
Elastomeric Negative Acoustic Contrast Particles for Capture, Acoustophoretic Transport, and Confinement of Cells in Microfluidic Systems (2014)

We present a particle-based method for the immunospecific capture and confinement of cells using acoustic radiation forces. Ultrasonic standing waves in microfluidic systems have previously been used for the continuous focusing of cells in rapid screening and sorting applications. In aqueous fluids, cells typically exhibit positive acoustic contrast and are thus forced toward the pressure nodes of a standing wave. Conversely, elastomeric particles exhibit negative acoustic contrast and travel toward the pressure antinodes. We have developed a class of elastomeric particles that are synthesized in bulk using a simple nucleation and growth process, providing precise control over their size and functional properties. We demonstrate that the biofunctionalization of these particles can allow the capture and transport of cells to the pressure antinodes solely via acoustic radiation forces, which may enable new acoustics-based cell handling techniques such as the washing, labeling, and sorting of cells with minimal preparatory steps.
Multiple-Valued Inverter Using a Single-Electron-Tunneling Circuit (1999)

SUMMARY A multiple-valued logic inverter is proposed that uses single-electron-tunneling (SET) circuits in which the discreteness of the electron charge is utilized.The inverter circuit, which is composed of only two SET transistors, has a memory function as well as an inverter function for multiple-valued logic.A quantizing circuit and a D flip-flop circuit for multiplevalued logic can be compactly constructed by combining two inverters.A threshold device can be compactly constructed by attaching more than one input capacitor to the inverter circuit. A quaternary full adder circuit can be constructed by using two threshold devices.Implementation issues are also discussed.
The complete nucleotide sequences of the heavy chain variable regions of six monospecific rheumatoid factors derived from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells isolated from the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Further evidence that some autoantibodies are unmutated copies of germ line genes. (1990)

Structural studies of human monoclonal rheumatoid factors (RF) derived from patients with monoclonal gammapathies have revealed a restriction in the usage of heavy and light chain variable regions. These studies have suggested that germline genes with little if any somatic mutation can generate RF specificity. However, there is no information presently available regarding the primary structure and genetic origin of RF in rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we have isolated and sequenced the VH regions of six monoclonal RF derived from the synovial membranes of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and one with the juvenile polyarticular form of the disease. We found the same VH families as previously reported among monoclonal paraproteins with RF activity. However, our sample was diverse regarding the VH, DH, and JH gene segments used. Among VHI RF there was conservation in the length of CDRIII as well as restriction in the amino acid generated at the V-D junction, as opposed to VHIII RF and non-RF VHI molecules that are highly heterogeneous in these two aspects. We also found that different JH gene segments may contribute to RF specificity. The VH, DH, and JH elements of one RF in our study all had clearly identifiable germline counterparts. This RF displays a nearly germline configuration throughout its entire heavy chain and represents another example of an autoantibody encoded by one of the VH gene segments from the preimmune fetal repertoire.
Synthesis of Long Chain Unsaturated‐α,ω‐Dicarboxylic Acids from Renewable Materials via Olefin Metathesis (2007)

Abstract The self‐metathesis reaction of soy, rapeseed, tall, and linseed oil fatty acids was investigated for the synthesis of symmetrical long‐chain unsaturated‐α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids. The metathesis reactions were carried out in the presence of a Grubbs catalyst under solvent‐free condition at a catalyst loading of 0.01 mol% to fatty acid substrate at 50 °C. Under these conditions, the conversions of starting unsaturated acids to metathesis products were &gt;80% and the isolated yields of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid products were &gt;70% of theoretical. This approach represents an effective and efficient route for the synthesis of these potentially useful dicarboxylic acids since they can serve as important intermediates in the production of several materials such as biodegradable polymers.
An execution profiler for modular programs (1983)

Abstract In modular programs, groups of routines constitute conceptual abstractions. A method for providing execution profiles for such programs is presented. The central idea is that the execution time for a routine is charged to the routines that call it. The implementation of this method by a profiler called gprof is described. The techniques used to gather the necessary information about the timing and structure of the program are given, as is the processing used to propagate routine execution times along arcs of the call graph of the program. The method for displaying the profile to the user is discussed. Experience using the profiles for hand‐tuning large programs is summarized. Additional uses for the profiles are suggested.
Eukaryotic interference with homoserine lactone-mediated prokaryotic signalling (1996)

Acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) play a widespread role in intercellular communication among bacteria. The Australian macroalga Delisea pulchra produces secondary metabolites which have structural similarities to AHL molecules. We report here that these metabolites inhibited AHL-controlled processes in prokaryotes. Our results suggest that the interaction between higher organisms and their surface-associated bacteria may be mediated by interference with bacterial regulatory systems.
7-O-Methylhorminone and Other Cytotoxic Diterpene Quinones from Lepechinia bullata (1989)

Three cytotoxic diterpene quinones, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone [1], horminone [2], and 7-O-methylhorminone [3], were isolated from an MeOH extract of Lepechinia bullata after bioassay-directed fractionation. Compound 3 is a new compound whose structure was determined through spectroscopic analysis.
A methodology for the structural and functional analysis of signaling and regulatory networks (2006)

The methods and formalisms we propose herein are another step towards the comprehensive functional analysis of cellular interaction networks. Their potential, shown on a realistic T-cell signaling model, makes them a promising tool.