gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age‐related changes of serum sex hormones, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and sex‐hormone binding globulin levels in men: cross‐sectional data from a healthy male cohort (2000)

The age-dependent decline of the gonadal and somatotopic axis has been causally linked to frailty in the elderly by their effects on muscle mass and bone mineral density. However, for healthy men data on serum oestrogens and androgens, as well as IGF-1, as a common outcome measure covering the whole adult age range are scarce. We therefore studied healthy, nonobese male subjects between 20 and 80 years of age to asses their morning concentrations of total (T), free (FT), bioavailable testosterone (bT), oestradiol (E2), bioavailable oestradiol (bE2), oestrone (E1), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Five hundred and seventy-two male healthy volunteers with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 recruited from regular blood donors and senior sports clubs participated in the study. Serum samples were obtained during morning hours and T, FT, E2, E1, SHBG, albumin and IGF-1 were measured by radio-immunoassay systems. In addition, bT and bE2 were calculated. A potential relationship between sex hormones and IGF-1 was tested by multiple regression analysis including age and BMI. Ageing was negatively related to serum levels of sex steroids and IGF-1 (both P < 0.0001) with a mean decrease (youngest vs. oldest) of 51% for T, 64% for FT, 78% for bT, 32% for E2, 62% for bE2, 29% for E1 and 51% for IGF-1 starting in early adulthood whereas SHBG increased after the 5th decade of life (ANOVA P < 0.001). The decline of sex hormones and IGF-1 remained relatively unchanged after adjustment for BMI. Multiple regression analysis revealed an age-and BMI- independent association between oestradiol and IGF-1. In contrast to the female situation sex hormones in healthy, nonobese men decline continuously with age. This process has already started in the third decade, and is paralleled by a decline of IGF-1 serum levels leading to a substantial proportion of elderly men with markedly lowered serum levels of bioavailable sex hormones and IGF-1 compared to the young adult male range. With the recent demonstration of beneficial effects of androgen replacement therapy in healthy males on general well being, muscle mass and bone mineral density the present data may underline the importance of more detailed studies on the biological significance of hormonal changes in men with age.
Excimer‐Based White Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Nearly 100 % Internal Quantum Efficiency (2007)

Efficient excimer emission is demonstrated in white organic light-emitting diodes (see figure) based on platinum(II)[2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N, C2′)](2,4-pentanedionato) utilized in devices incorporating the novel host material 2,6-Bis(N-carbazolyl)pyridine (26mCPy). External quantum (power) efficiencies of 15.9 % (12.6 lm W–1) are realized at 500 cd m–2.
Aptamer Database (2003)

The aptamer database is designed to contain comprehensive sequence information on aptamers and unnatural ribozymes that have been generated by in vitro selection methods. Such data are not normally collected in 'natural' sequence databases, such as GenBank. Besides serving as a storehouse of sequences that may have diagnostic or therapeutic utility, the database serves as a valuable resource for theoretical biologists who describe and explore fitness landscapes. The database is updated monthly and is publicly available at http://aptamer. icmb.utexas.edu/.
Tissue Shrinkage With the Holmium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser (1997)

The effect of laser energy on the length, stiffness, and structure of connective tissue was examined in a rabbit patellar tendon model. A holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was used to deliver a calculated dose of laser energy (300 J/cm2) to one randomly selected patellar tendon in each of 13 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The contralateral patellar tendon was used as a control. Radiopaque markers were placed in the patella and tibial tuberosity to allow for patellar tendon length measurements (via standard lateral radiographs) before and after laser application and at 4 and 8 weeks. Limbs were not immobilized during the postoperative period. The tendons were harvested at 0 weeks (N = 7) and 8 weeks (N = 6) and evaluated for tensile, stiffness, cross-sectional area, histologic changes, and electron microscopic appearance. The results demonstrated significant tendon shrinkage (6.6% +/- 1.4%) after application of the calculated laser energy dose. However, tendon length had increased significantly beyond the immediate postlaser length at 4 weeks and beyond its original length by 8 weeks. At 8 weeks, the lased tendons were significantly less stiff with significantly greater cross-sectional areas than contralateral controls. There was generalized fibroblastic response throughout the entire lased tendon characterized by a marked increase in cellularity. There was also a change from the normal bimodal pattern of large- and small-diameter collagen fibers to a unimodal pattern with predominantly small-diameter fibers in the lased tendons. The tissue alterations seen in this study suggest that the biologic response of connective tissue to laser energy causes a further compromise in tissue integrity, beyond that attributed to the initial physical effects of the laser. These alterations must be taken into consideration when determining postoperative rehabilitation of laser-modified tissues.
Free radicals and myocardial ischemia. The role of xanthine oxidase. (1985)

Recent studies have established a major role for oxygen-derived free radicals in post ischemic tissue injury to the intestine. During ischemia, there appears to be a calcium-triggered, protease-dependent conversion of the native xanthine dehydrogenase to a superoxide-producing xanthine oxidase. The catabolic degradation of ATP during ischemia provides an oxidizable substrate, hypoxanthine. On reperfusion, molecular oxygen is resupplied and a burst of superoxide production ensues, resulting in extensive tissue damage. The same mechanism appears to occur in myocardial ischemia. Xanthine dehydrogenase rapidly converts to the oxidase during nonperfusion in the rat heart. In the isolated perfused working rat heart model, 40 min of anoxia followed by reoxygenation results in substantial release of creatine kinase. The release of creatine kinase is blocked almost completely by pretreatment of the rats with allopurinol, a specific inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Efficient and extensible algorithms for multi query optimization (2000)

Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across multiple such queries run as a batch. Multiquery optimization aims at exploiting common sub-expressions to reduce evaluation cost. Multi-query optimization has hither-to been viewed as impractical, since earlier algorithms were exhaustive, and explore a doubly exponential search space.
Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells dependent of iron and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation but independent of reactive oxygen species (2008)

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the main active metabolite of artemisinin derivatives, is one of the most effective anti-malarial analogs of artemisinin. In the current study, we found that DHA inhibited the proliferation of a panel of tumor cells originated from different tissue types. DHA effectively induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, which was accompanied with mitochondrial dysfunction and caspases activation. Further studies indicated that DHA-induced apoptosis was iron-dependent. Though DHA slightly elicited superoxide anion, these reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute little to DHA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Moreover, DHA time-dependently activated mitogen-activeted protein kinases (MAPKs) and specific inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), abolished DHA-induced apoptosis, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK is required for DHA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Altogether, our data uncover that DHA induces apoptosis is dependent of iron and p38 MAPK activation but not ROS in HL-60 cells.
PDGF-C and -D Induced Proliferation/Migration of Human RPE Is Abolished by Inflammatory Cytokines (2007)

These results suggest that proinflammatory cytokines in vivo can inhibit the proliferative effect of PDGF on human RPE and, at the same time, stimulate the proliferation of choroidal cells. They also suggest an important role of proinflammatory cytokines in overcoming local proliferative/wound-healing responses, thereby controlling the development of disease processes at the retina/RPE/choroid interface.
Using Incremental Evaluation And Adaptive Choice Of Operators In A Genetic Algorithm (2002)

The number of fitness evaluations determines the efficiency of a GA. This research suggests incremental evaluation which, if applicable, substantially reduces the complexity of evaluation of some individuals. Incremental evaluation and rational choice of operator based on utility maximization gives a two-fold reduction in computational cost needed to optimize the one-max function.
Regulation of Transcription by a Protein Methyltransferase (1999)

The p160 family of coactivators, SRC-1, GRIP1/TIF2, and p/CIP, mediate transcriptional activation by nuclear hormone receptors. Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), a previously unidentified protein that binds to the carboxyl-terminal region of p160 coactivators, enhanced transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors, but only when GRIP1 or SRC-1a was coexpressed. Thus, CARM1 functions as a secondary coactivator through its association with p160 coactivators. CARM1 can methylate histone H3 in vitro, and a mutation in the putative S-adenosylmethionine binding domain of CARM1 substantially reduced both methyltransferase and coactivator activities. Thus, coactivator-mediated methylation of proteins in the transcription machinery may contribute to transcriptional regulation.
Mouse fundus photography and angiography: a catalogue of normal and mutant phenotypes. (1999)

Our photography procedure reliably produces high quality images of the mouse fundus. This permitted us to record progressive retinal changes over time in the same animal, allowed us to compare the phenotypes of newly discovered retinal mutants to existing mutants at other institutions and to potentially similar human conditions, and finally, permitted us to produce a catalogue of previously unpublished clinical phenotypes for various mutant mice.
Intra-Cavity Dispersion of Microresonators and its Engineering for Octave-Spanning Kerr Frequency Comb Generation (2014)

We present an analysis on intra-cavity dispersion of a micro-resonator. As an example, different dispersion sources of a silicon nitride microring resonator are identified and evaluated over a wide wavelength range. We also show the dispersion flattening technique based on a strip/slot hybrid waveguide structure can be used to tailor the intra-cavity dispersions. Octave-spanning Kerr frequency combs are numerically simulated using 2-D-FDTD. It is shown that 7.5-fs two-cycle cavity solitons can be generated, enabling ultrawide mode-locked Kerr combs, with improved comb spectral flatness.
Doxepin cream vs betamethasone cream for treatment of chronic skin lesions due to sulfur mustard. (2011)

Oral doxepin was shown to reduce chronic pruritus due to sulfur mustard. The present study compared the effects of topical doxepin 5% with betamethasone 1% for the treatment of pruritus in veterans exposed to sulfur mustard. This investigator-blinded, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in an outpatient dermatology clinic. Seventy-five men who were exposed to sulfur mustard 23 to 28 years ago during the Iran-Iraq war who complained of pruritus were randomized to receive doxepin cream 5% (n = 40) or betamethasone cream 0.1% (n = 35) twice a day for 6 weeks. Pruritus severity and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were evaluated before and after each treatment. Both groups showed significant improvement regarding pruritus (P < .05), burning sensation, skin dryness (P < .001), and skin scaling (P < 0.05). The lesions of all regions significantly reduced after treatments (P < .05), except those on the head, face, and genitalia. Pruritus, visual analog scores, and DLQI significantly decreased (P < .01, P < .01, and P < .001, respectively) in doxepin- and betamethasone-treated groups, and there was no difference between groups. All DLQI subscores decreased after both type of treatments (P < .01). Equal efficacy of doxepin cream and betamethasone suggest that doxepin is a potential alternative to control pruritus caused by sulfur mustard in exposed veterans.
Transmembrane channel formation by complement: functional analysis of the number of C5b6, C7, C8, and C9 molecules required for a single channel. (1982)

Earlier studies have shown that sequential treatment of resealed erythrocyte ghosts with C5b6, C7, C8, and C9 leads to insertion of hydrophobic peptides from these complement proteins into the membrane and assembly of transmembrane channels. The number of molecules of each of the proteins required for assembly of the membrane-associated channel structure was evaluated by measuring the quantitative relationship between the doses of the individual proteins and the release of two trapped markers, sucrose and inulin, from ghosts after channel formation. The incubation period was sufficient to attain equilibrium of marker distribution between the ghosts and the extracellular fluid. Two markers of different size (sucrose and inulin, 0.9 and 3 nm molecular diameter, respectively) were used in order to develop information on the molecular composition of small and large channels, respectively. We found that participation of C5b6, C7, and C8 in channel formation displayed one-hit characteristics, regardless of marker size. By contrast, the participation of C9 was one-hit with respect to the sucrose marker, whereas with respect to the inulin marker the C9 reaction was multi-hit. Our results are compatible with the view that these markers are released through a channel structure in the membrane that is a monomer of C5b--9 of the composition C5b61 C71C81C9n, in which n = 1 for channels permitting passage of sucrose and n = 2 for channels allowing transit of inulin.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in the transplant setting. II. Successful expression of transferred cDNA in syngeneic liver grafts. (1994)

These experiments establish a model for gene transfer to transplanted liver grafts ex vivo using adenoviral vectors. Rat liver grafts (n = 8) were harvested, and preserved in UW or lactated Ringer's. The grafts were infected ex-vivo via portal vein perfusion with replication-defective Ad vectors encoding the beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene diluted in UW solution. The infected grafts were stored at 4 degrees C for 1 hr, then transplanted into syngeneic hosts. Liver biopsies were taken at 1, 7, and 15 days after transplantation. Infection rate was assessed by histochemical staining for beta-gal. Liver DNA and RNA were assayed for the beta-gal sequences, and recombinant protein production measured at 24 hr and 7 days after transplantation. Under conditions mimicking liver graft cold storage, efficient gene transfer was achieved with an infection rate of 10-15%, as assessed by X-gal staining. Viral DNA and RNA presence in the graft was confirmed; gene expression with protein production were verified by western blots and a functional protein assay. All studies were negative in control livers. Gene expression persisted for at least 2 weeks after transplantation. We conclude that efficient adenovirus-mediated gene insertion and expression of gene products can be accomplished in whole-liver grafts under hypothermic preservation conditions currently used in clinical transplantation.
The Role of Carnitine and Carnitine Supplementation During Exercise in Man and in Individuals with Special Needs (1998)

Carnitine is critical for normal skeletal muscle bioenergetics. Carnitine has a dual role as it is required for long-chain fatty acid oxidation, and also shuttles accumulated acyl groups out of the mitochondria. Muscle requires optimization of both of these metabolic processes during peak exercise performance. Theoretically, carnitine availability may become limiting for either fatty acid oxidation or the removal of acyl-CoAs during exercise. Despite the theoretical basis for carnitine supplementation in otherwise healthy persons to improve exercise performance, clinical data have not demonstrated consistent benefits of carnitine administration. Additionally, most of the anticipated metabolic effects of carnitine supplementation have not been observed in healthy persons. The failure to demonstrate clinical efficacy of carnitine may reflect the complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carnitine supplementation, the challenges of clinical trial design for performance endpoints, or the adequacy of endogenous carnitine content to meet even extreme metabolic demands in the healthy state. In patients with end stage renal disease there is evidence of impaired cellular metabolism, the accumulation of metabolic intermediates and increased carnitine demands to support acylcarnitine production. Years of nutritional changes and dialysis therapy may also lower skeletal muscle carnitine content in these patients. Preliminary data have demonstrated beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation to improve muscle function and exercise capacity in these patients. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is also associated with altered muscle metabolic function and endogenous acylcarnitine accumulation. Therapy with either carnitine or propionylcarnitine has been shown to increase claudication-limited exercise capacity in patients with PAD. Further clinical research is needed to define the optimal use of carnitine and acylcarnitines as therapeutic modalities to improve exercise performance in disease states, and any potential benefit in healthy individuals.
Tissue Doppler assessment of diastolic and systolic alterations of radial and longitudinal left ventricular motions in Golden Retrievers during the preclinical phase of cardiomyopathy associated with muscular dystrophy (2004)

Results indicated that GRMD-associated cardiomyopathy in dogs is associated with early marked dysfunction of both radial and longitudinal LVFW motions. These combined regional myocardial abnormalities might be useful criteria for detection of dilated cardiomyopathy at the preclinical stage of the disease in dogs.
Multiple join size estimation by virtual domains (extended abstract) (1993)

A model is described to estimate the size of intermediate relations produced by large relational algebra expressions, in particular, those containing several equi-joins. The intended application is within query optimization searches, where fast estimates are needed as many alternative plans are examined. It is shown that previous methods, which use an independence assumption when several attributes are joined, can lead to unrealistically low size estimates. This method attempts to overcome that problem by the introduction of “virtual domains”, which avoid the independence assumption. The method does not require extensive statistics about the database. After describing an “exact” version, an approximation that is simpler and faster is presented.
Process variation characterization of chip-level multiprocessors (2009)

Within-die variation in leakage power consumption is substantial and increasing for chip-level multiprocessors (CMPs) and multiprocessor systems-on-chip. Dealing with this problem via conservative assumptions is sub-optimal. Instead, operating systems may adapt task assignment and power management decisions to the variable characteristics of cores, improving system-wide power consumption and performance. Researchers have proposed such adaptation techniques. However, they rely on knowledge of CMP process variation (PV) maps. These maps are not provided by processor vendors, providing them would impose additional cost during the testing process, and static maps would not permit adaptation to aging effects. Further progress on developing and validating PV aware control techniques for CMPs requires access to PV maps for real processors. We present an online technique to extract the PV maps of CMPs. Potentially automatic temperature measurements with built-in on-die sensors during the execution of characterization workloads are used to determine variation in leakage power consumption. The proposed technique is applied to real CMPs, and the resulting PV maps are used within a PV aware task assignment and scheduling algorithm.
Protection against salicylate ototoxicity by zinc. (1989)

One day after oral application of 700 mg (5.5 mmol)/kg salicylic acid given as Na salicylate, hearing thresholds in rats, measured by acoustically evoked responses at 10 and 20 kHz, were increased. Salicylate-induced hearing loss was completely prevented by simultaneous s.c. injection of 6 mg (92 mumol)/kg Zn, whereas simultaneous s.c. injection of 1.5 mmol/kg MgCl2 had no effect. Simultaneous s.c. injection of 100 mg (152 mumol)/kg desferrioxamine had only a minor beneficial effect indicating that salicylate-induced Fe accumulation plays no significant role in salicylate ototoxicity.
Myeloid cells, BAFF, and IFN-γ establish an inflammatory loop that exacerbates autoimmunity in Lyn-deficient mice (2010)

Autoimmunity is traditionally attributed to altered lymphoid cell selection and/or tolerance, whereas the contribution of innate immune cells is less well understood. Autoimmunity is also associated with increased levels of B cell–activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF; also known as B lymphocyte stimulator), a cytokine that promotes survival of self-reactive B cell clones. We describe an important role for myeloid cells in autoimmune disease progression. Using Lyn-deficient mice, we show that overproduction of BAFF by hyperactive myeloid cells contributes to inflammation and autoimmunity in part by acting directly on T cells to induce the release of IFN-γ. Genetic deletion of IFN-γ or reduction of BAFF activity, achieved by either reducing myeloid cell hyperproduction or by treating with an anti-BAFF monoclonal antibody, reduced disease development in lyn−/− mice. The increased production of IFN-γ in lyn−/− mice feeds back on the myeloid cells to further stimulate BAFF release. Expression of BAFF receptor on T cells was required for their full activation and IFN-γ release. Overall, our data suggest that the reciprocal production of BAFF and IFN-γ establishes an inflammatory loop between myeloid cells and T cells that exacerbates autoimmunity in this model. Our findings uncover an important pathological role of BAFF in autoimmune disorders.
New upconversion processes in transition metal and lanthanide doped materials (2001)

Photon upconversion processes have been extensively studied in lanthanide doped crystals and glasses. Near-IR to VIS processes are most important, and several NIR to VIS upconversion lasers, both with crystals and glass fibers as the active medium, have been reported. Efficient pumping can be achieved with diode laser sources.