gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Bethe Limit: Tunable Enhanced Light Transmission Through a Single Sub-Wavelength Aperture (1999)

The possibility of controlling structures at the light-wavelength scalewould be of great consequence for near-field optical applications, such as microscopy and photolithography. These authors have created an artificial 2D crystal structure in a surrounding silver-metal film with which they demonstrate control and enhancement of the light from a single subwavelength aperture, showing a way around the Bethe limit for the transmission through a single hole. In addition the transmission can be tuned to a given wavelength through the proper design of the 2D lattice.
Regulation of DNA Binding and trans-Activation by a Xenobiotic Stress-activated Plant Transcription Factor (2001)

As-1-type cis-elements augment transcription of both nuclear and pathogen genes in response to stress and defense cues in plants. Basic/leucine zipper proteins termed "TGA factors" that specifically bind as-1 elements are likely candidates for mediating these transcription activities. Our earlier work has shown that 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced xenobiotic stress enhances trans-activation by a chimeric fusion protein of the yeast Gal4 binding domain and TGA1a, a TGA factor of tobacco. Here we demonstrate that xenobiotic stress also enhances the ability of native TGA1a to bind as-1 and activate transcription of a known target gene. In addition, the previously identified xenobiotic stress-responsive domain of TGA1a was found to inhibit this factor's trans-activation potential by a mechanism that appears to involve stimulus-reversible interactions with a nuclear repressor protein. Results from these and other studies can now be placed in the context of a working model to explain basal and xenobiotic stress-induced activities of TGA1a through its cognate cis-acting element.
Can correct protein models be identified? (2003)

The ability to separate correct models of protein structures from less correct models is of the greatest importance for protein structure prediction methods. Several studies have examined the ability of different types of energy function to detect the native, or native-like, protein structure from a large set of decoys. In contrast to earlier studies, we examine here the ability to detect models that only show limited structural similarity to the native structure. These correct models are defined by the existence of a fragment that shows significant similarity between this model and the native structure. It has been shown that the existence of such fragments is useful for comparing the performance between different fold recognition methods and that this performance correlates well with performance in fold recognition. We have developed ProQ, a neural-network-based method to predict the quality of a protein model that extracts structural features, such as frequency of atom-atom contacts, and predicts the quality of a model, as measured either by LGscore or MaxSub. We show that ProQ performs at least as well as other measures when identifying the native structure and is better at the detection of correct models. This performance is maintained over several different test sets. ProQ can also be combined with the Pcons fold recognition predictor (Pmodeller) to increase its performance, with the main advantage being the elimination of a few high-scoring incorrect models. Pmodeller was successful in CASP5 and results from the latest LiveBench, LiveBench-6, indicating that Pmodeller has a higher specificity than Pcons alone.
Neural network approach for obstacle avoidance in 3-D environments for UAVs (2006)

In this paper a controller design is proposed to get obstacle free trajectories in a three dimensional urban environment for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The controller has a two-layer architecture. In the upper layer, vision-inspired Grossberg neural network is proposed to get the shortest distance paths. In the bottom layer, a model predictive control (MPC) based controller is used to obtain dynamically feasible trajectories. Simulation results are presented for to demonstrate the potential of the approach
Experimental Determinations of Coherent Multidimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy (2003)

Coherent multidimensional vibrational spectroscopy is a new technique for establishing correlations between features in vibrational spectra that are caused by intra- and intermolecular interactions. These interactions cause cross-peaks between vibrational transitions that reflect the coupling. In this paper, we use Doubly Vibrationally Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy (DOVE-IR) and DOVE-Raman processes to obtain coherent two dimensional vibrational spectra. The spectra are fitted to obtain the dephasing rates and third order susceptibilities <TEX>$(χ^{(3)})$</TEX> for the nonlinear processes. We show that the DOVE <TEX>$χ^{(3)}$</TEX> values are directly related to the molar absorptivities and Raman <TEX>$χ^{(3)}$</TEX>. We then use these relationships to obtain estimates for the <TEX>$χ^{(3)}$</TEX> of the stimulated photon echo and <TEX>$χ^{(5)}$</TEX> of the six wave mixing spectroscopies, respectively. We also predict the ratio of the cascaded four wave mixing signal to the six wave mixing signal.
Kit-Ligand/Stem Cell Factor Induces Primordial Follicle Development and Initiates Folliculogenesis1 (1999)

Initiation of folliculogenesis through the induction of primordial follicle development in the ovary has an important role in determining the fertility and reproductive fitness of most mammalian species. The factors that control this critical process are largely unknown. The hypothesis tested in the current study was that kit-ligand/stem cell factor (KL) promotes the initiation and progression of primordial follicle development in the ovary. Ovaries from 4-day-old rats were maintained in organ culture for 5 and 14 days and treated with no factor (control), recombinant kit-ligand (KL), or gonadotropins (FSH and hCG). Follicles in ovarian sections were counted and histologically classified as primordial (stage 0), early primary (stage 1), primary (stage 2), transitional (stage 3), or preantral (stage 4). Fresh ovaries from 4-day-old rats contained 68% primordial follicles (stage 0) and 32% developing follicles (stages 1-4) per section. After 5 and 14 days in culture, section from control ovaries contained approximately 41% and 55%, respectively, developing follicles (stage 1-4) per section due to spontaneous development of primordial follicles. Spontaneous primordial follicle development was completely blocked by ACK-2, a c-kit antibody that blocks KL actions. This observation suggests that endogenous KL is necessary for primordial follicle development in vitro. After 14 days of KL treatment, sections from ovaries contained 17% primordial follicles (stage 0) and 83% developing follicles (stage 1-4) per section demonstrating a dramatic induction of primordial follicle development by KL. Gonadotropins (FSH and hCG) did not induce primordial follicle development but did increase the percentage of preantral follicles (stage 4) per section. This small increase in preantral follicles in response to gonadotropins was blocked by ACK-2 suggesting that KL may in part mediate gonadotropin actions after the initiation of primordial follicle development. Ovaries contained an average of 309+/-10 follicles per section. The total number of follicles per section did not significantly vary between treatments suggesting that the effects of KL were not due to an alteration in follicle number (i.e. survival). KL appears to be one of the first factors identified to be involved in the promotion of primordial follicle development. Results suggest that KL is necessary and sufficient to induce primordial follicle development and initiate folliculogenesis.
Modulation of Phosphate Uptake and Amphotropic Murine Leukemia Virus Entry by Posttranslational Modifications of PIT-2 (1999)

PIT-2 is a type III sodium phosphate cotransporter and the receptor for amphotropic murine leukemia viruses. We have investigated the expression and the functions of a tagged version of PIT-2 in CHO cells. PIT-2 remained equally abundant at the cell surface within 6 h following variation of the phosphate supply. In contrast, the efficiency of phosphate uptake and retrovirus entry was inversely related to the extracellular phosphate concentration, indicating that PIT-2 activities are modulated by posttranslational modifications of cell surface molecules induced by phosphate. Conformational changes of PIT-2 contribute to both activities, as shown by the inhibitory effect of sulfhydryl reagents known as inhibitors of type II cotransporters. A physical association of PIT-2 with actin was demonstrated. Modifications of the actin network were induced by variations of the concentrations of extracellular phosphate, cytochalasin D, or lysophosphatidic acid. They revealed that the formation of actin stress fibers determines the cell surface distribution of PIT-2, the internalization of the receptor in response to virus binding, and the capacity to process retrovirus entry. Thus, the presence of PIT-2 at the cell surface is not sufficient to ensure phosphate transport and susceptibility to amphotropic retrovirus infection. Further activation of cell surface PIT-2 molecules is required for these functions.
Host-guest complexation. 66. 18-Membered-ring spherands containing five anisyl groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 66. 18-Membered-ring spherands containing five anisyl groupsRoger C. Helgeson, Beverly J. Selle, Israel Goldberg, Carolyn B. Knobler, and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 24, 11506–11511Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00077a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Pedestrian detection in industrial environments: Seeing around corners (2012)

Situational awareness for industrial vehicles is crucial to ensure safety of personnel and equipment. While human drivers and onboard sensors are able to detect obstacles and pedestrians within line-of-sight, in complex environments initially occluded or obscured dynamic objects can unpre dictably enter the path of a vehicle. We propose a safety system which integrates a vision-based offboard pedestrian tracking subsystem with an onboard localisation and navigation subsystem. This combination enables warnings to be communicated and effectively extends the vehicle controllers field of view to include areas that would otherwise be blind spots. A simple flashing light interface in the vehicle cabin provides a clear and intuitive interface to alert drivers of potential collisions. We implemented and tested the proposed solution on an automated industrial vehicle to verify the applicability for both human drivers and under autonomous operation.
Fundamentals of Photonics: Second Edition (2007)

This PDF file contains the editorial “Fundamentals of Photonics, Second Edition” for JBO Vol. 13 Issue 04
NeuroD and Neurogenesis (1997)

NeuroD is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor cloned from a two hybrid screen designed to search for new bHLH proteins. In our previous studies, we showed that NeuroD could convert Xenopus ectoderm into fully differentiated neurons and that it could prematurely differentiate neural precursor cells in the nervous system. Recently, an insulin transcription activator, Beta-2, was cloned from a hamster insulinoma cell line by Naya et al. [Genes Dev (1995)9:1,009-1,019]. Sequence analysis revealed that Beta-2 is the hamster homologue of NeuroD. We are currently investigating the role that NeuroD/Beta-2 plays in vertebrate neurogenesis and pancreatic development.
Proteinsin vacuo: A molecular dynamics study of the unfolding behavior of highly charged disulfide-bond-intact lysozyme subjected to a temperature pulse (1999)

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to interpret a variety of experimental data on highly charged disulfide-bond-intact lysozyme in vacuo. The simulation approach involved submitting a model of the protein [Reimann, Velázquez, and Tapia, J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 9344 (1998)] in a given charge state to a 3-ns-long heat pulse (usually at 500 K) followed by cooling or relaxation for 1 ns back to room temperature (293 K). This treatment yielded a charge threshold around Q(0)=8+ for obtaining significant unfolding, as indicated by an enhancement in collision cross section and conformer length. The collision cross sections and lengths theoretically obtained, along with the threshold charge state for initiating unfolding, were compatible with experimental results on lysozyme in vacuo. The unfolded, highly elongated conformations obtained for Q> or = 9+ displayed a significant level of non-native beta-sheet content which appeared to be additionally stabilized by charge self-solvation.
In vitro and in vivo degradation of poly(1,3‐diamino‐2‐hydroxypropane‐co‐polyol sebacate) elastomers (2008)

Biomaterials with a wide range of tunable properties are desirable for application-specific purposes. We have previously developed a class of elastomeric poly(ester amides) based on the amine alcohol 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane termed poly(1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-co-polyol sebacate) or APS. In this work, we have synthesized and characterized formulations of APS polymers and studied the degradation of these polymers in vitro and in vivo. It was found that the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of APS polymers could be tuned by adjusting monomer feed ratios and polymerization conditions. The degradation kinetics could also be greatly influenced by altering the formulation of APS polymers. In vivo degradation half-lives ranged from 6 to approximately 100 weeks. Furthermore, the dominant degradation mechanism (i.e. hydrolytic or enzymatic) could be controlled by adjusting the specific formulation of the APS polymer. On the basis of the observed in vitro and in vivo biodegradation phenomena, we also propose that the primary modes of degradation are composition dependent.
Cholinergic Inhibition of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons (2005)

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a central neurotransmitter critical for normal cognitive function. Here we show that transient muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation directly inhibits neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Using whole-cell and cell-attached recordings from neurons in slices of rat somatosensory cortex, we demonstrate that transient activation of M1-type muscarinic receptors induces calcium release from IP3-sensitive intracellular calcium stores and subsequent activation of an apamin-sensitive, SK-type calcium-activated potassium conductance. ACh-induced hyperpolarizing responses were blocked by atropine and pirenzepine but not by methoctramine or GABA receptor antagonists (picrotoxin, SR 95531 [2-(3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridazinium bromide], and CGP 55845 [(2S)-3-[[(15)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino-2-hydroxypropyl](phenylmethyl)phosphinic acid]). Responses were associated with a 31 +/- 5% increase in membrane conductance, had a reversal potential of -93 +/- 1 mV, and were eliminated after internal calcium chelation with BAPTA, blockade of IP3 receptors, or extracellular application of cadmium but not by sodium channel blockade with tetrodotoxin. Calcium-imaging experiments demonstrated that ACh-induced hyperpolarizing, but not depolarizing, responses were correlated with large increases in intracellular calcium. Surprisingly, transient increases in muscarinic receptor activation were capable of generating hyperpolarizing responses even during periods of tonic muscarinic activation sufficient to depolarize neurons to action potential threshold. Furthermore, eserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor similar to those used therapeutically in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, disproportionately enhanced the excitatory actions of acetylcholine while reducing the ability of acetylcholine to generate inhibitory responses during repeated applications of ACh. These data demonstrate that acetylcholine can directly inhibit the output of neocortical pyramidal neurons.
International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, No. 10, October 2009, all in one PDF file (2009)

It has been suggested that family owned businesses are unique. Having been perceived as trustworthy and customer focused, consumers should view their strategies differently, perhaps positively. It then follows that consumers will respond favorably to the marketing activities of family owned businesses. This paper examines the impact of family businesses' marketing activities on consumers' purchase intention. Respondents to a mail survey indicated their degree of willingness to respond to sixteen marketing stimuli presentations of family businesses. The original sixteen items were then reduced to six variables (one dependent and five independent) using Factor analysis. Five activities-customer service, product creation, communication, delivery, and exchange were regressed against the dependent variable-purchase intention. The results showed that customer service, communication, and delivery significantly affected purchase intention. Managerial implications were then drawn from the findings.
Visual-Inertial Sensor Fusion: Localization, Mapping and Sensor-to-Sensor Self-calibration (2010)

Visual and inertial sensors, in combination, are able to provide accurate motion estimates and are well suited for use in many robot navigation tasks. However, correct data fusion, and hence overall performance, depends on careful calibration of the rigid body transform between the sensors. Obtaining this calibration information is typically difficult and time-consuming, and normally requires additional equipment. In this paper we describe an algorithm, based on the unscented Kalman filter, for self-calibration of the transform between a camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Our formulation rests on a differential geometric analysis of the observability of the camera—IMU system; this analysis shows that the sensor-to-sensor transform, the IMU gyroscope and accelerometer biases, the local gravity vector, and the metric scene structure can be recovered from camera and IMU measurements alone. While calibrating the transform we simultaneously localize the IMU and build a map of the surroundings, all without additional hardware or prior knowledge about the environment in which a robot is operating. We present results from simulation studies and from experiments with a monocular camera and a low-cost IMU, which demonstrate accurate estimation of both the calibration parameters and the local scene structure.
The complex effects of the slow‐releasing hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 in a model of acute joint inflammation and in human cartilage cells (2013)

The role of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in inflammation remains unclear with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions of this gas described. We have now assessed the effect of GYY4137 (a slow-releasing H2 S donor) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked release of inflammatory mediators from human synoviocytes (HFLS) and articular chondrocytes (HAC) in vitro. We have also examined the effect of GYY4137 in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of acute joint inflammation in the mouse. GYY4137 (0.1-0.5 mM) decreased LPS-induced production of nitrite (NO2 (-) ), PGE2 , TNF-α and IL-6 from HFLS and HAC, reduced the levels and catalytic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reduced LPS-induced NF-κB activation in vitro. Using recombinant human enzymes, GYY4137 inhibited the activity of COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). In the CFA-treated mouse, GYY4137 (50 mg/kg, i.p.) injected 1 hr prior to CFA increased knee joint swelling while an anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by reduced synovial fluid myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 concentration, was apparent when GYY4137 was injected 6 hrs after CFA. GYY4137 was also anti-inflammatory when given 18 hrs after CFA. Thus, although GYY4137 consistently reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators from human joint cells in vitro, its effect on acute joint inflammation in vivo depended on the timing of administration.
Novel Fusion Transcripts Associate with Progressive Prostate Cancer (2014)

The mechanisms underlying the potential for aggressive behavior of prostate cancer (PCa) remain elusive. In this study, whole genome and/or transcriptome sequencing was performed on 19 specimens of PCa, matched adjacent benign prostate tissues, matched blood specimens, and organ donor prostates. A set of novel fusion transcripts was discovered in PCa. Eight of these fusion transcripts were validated through multiple approaches. The occurrence of these fusion transcripts was then analyzed in 289 prostate samples from three institutes, with clinical follow-up ranging from 1 to 15 years. The analyses indicated that most patients [69 (91%) of 76] positive for any of these fusion transcripts (TRMT11-GRIK2, SLC45A2-AMACR, MTOR-TP53BP1, LRRC59-FLJ60017, TMEM135-CCDC67, KDM4-AC011523.2, MAN2A1-FER, and CCNH-C5orf30) experienced PCa recurrence, metastases, and/or PCa-specific death after radical prostatectomy. These outcomes occurred in only 37% (58/157) of patients without carrying those fusion transcripts. Three fusion transcripts occurred exclusively in PCa samples from patients who experienced recurrence or PCaerelated death. The formation of these fusion transcripts may be the result of genome recombination. A combination of these fusion transcripts in PCa with Gleason's grading or with nomogram significantly improves the prediction rate of PCa recurrence. Our analyses suggest that formation of these fusion transcripts may underlie the aggressive behavior of PCa.
PIV measurements in a microfluidic 3D-sheathing structure with three-dimensional flow behaviour (2002)

The design and production time for complex microfluidic systems is considerable, often up to several months. It is therefore important to be able to understand and predict the flow phenomena prior to design and fabrication of the microdevice in order to save costly fabrication resources. The structures are often of complex geometry and include strongly three-dimensional flow behaviour, which poses a challenge for the micro particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) technique. The flow in a microfluidic 3D-sheathing structure has been measured throughout the volume using micro-PIV. In addition, a stereoscopic principle was applied to obtain all three velocity components, showing the feasibility of obtaining full volume mapping (x, y, z, U, V, W) from micro-PIV measurements. The results are compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.