gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The aberrant behavior checklist: a behavior rating scale for the assessment of treatment effects. (1985)

The development of a scale to assess drug and other treatment effects on severely mentally retarded individuals was described. In the first stage of the project, an initial scale encompassing a large number of behavior problems was used to rate 418 residents. The scale was then reduced to an intermediate version, and in the second stage, 509 moderately to profoundly retarded individuals were rated. Separate factor analyses of the data from the two samples resulted in a five-factor scale comprising 58 items. The factors of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist have been labeled as follows: (I) Irritability, Agitation, Crying; (II) Lethargy, Social Withdrawal; (III) Stereotypic Behavior; (IV) Hyperactivity, Noncompliance; and (V) Inappropriate Speech. Average subscale scores were presented for the instrument, and the results were compared with empirically derived rating scales of childhood psychopathology and with factor analytic work in the field of mental retardation.
Properties of two 5'-coterminal RNAs transcribed part way and across the S component origin of DNA synthesis of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome. (1988)

In cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the domains of the two identical origins of viral DNA synthesis in the S component (Oris) are transcribed in two 5'-coterminal RNAs. OriSRNA1, synthesized early in infection and also in the absence of protein synthesis by infected cells, runs antisense to and terminates at the transcription initiation site for alpha genes 22 or 47. OriSRNA2, reported earlier, was detected in cells 14 hr after infection; it extends across the origin and is coterminal with the alpha 4 mRNA. Whereas the OriSRNA2 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) contains an open reading frame, the corresponding herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) transcript does not. However, in the two viruses, the transcription initiation sites are 260 (HSV-1) to 180 (HSV-2) nucleotides distant from the corresponding origins of DNA synthesis.
Low Optical Bandgap Polythiophenes by an Alternating Donor/Acceptor Repeat Unit Strategy (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLow Optical Bandgap Polythiophenes by an Alternating Donor/Acceptor Repeat Unit StrategyQing T. Zhang and James M. TourView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina 29208 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 21, 5065–5066Publication Date (Web):May 28, 1997Publication History Received22 November 1996Revised18 February 1997Published online28 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9640399https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9640399rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2568Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conjugated polymers,Electrical conductivity,Monomers,Organic polymers,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Purification and characterization of XRad51.1 protein, Xenopus RAD51 homologue: recombinant XRad51.1 promotes strand exchange reaction (1996)

Purified recombinant XRad51.1 protein promoted the strand exchange between short DNA molecules. While the binding stoichiometry of XRad51.1 protein to ssDNA was identical to that of the RecA protein, XRad51.1 has a significantly higher affinity and binding stability to ssDNA than did the RecA protein in the presence of ATP.
The role of phytosterols and phytosterolins in immune modulation: a review of the past 10 years (2001)

Although plant sterols (phytosterols) were chemically described in 1922, their biological role in human and animal health has been underestimated. Their ability to control cholesterol plasma levels in hypercholesterolimic patients was first described in 1983 when the structure of phytosterols implied that they could, by steric hindrance, inhibit the absorption of cholesterol from our diets. This has led to the development of functional foods containing high contents of these plant molecules or their esters as cholesterol controlling foods. Over the last 15 years, however, several reports have appeared in the literature indicating that phytosterols have some immunological activity as highlighted in animal models of inflammation or even in in-vitro and in-vivo models of cancer (colorectal and breast cancer). These findings were paralleled by epidemiological studies correlating the reduced risk of numerous diseases and the dietary intake of phytosterols. It is only in the last 10 years, however, that their direct immune modulatory activity on human lymphocytes has been proven and the mechanism of action in cancer cells has been elucidated. The use of phytosterols as supportive therapies in certain chronic conditions has been tested under clinical trial conditions. This review presents a summary of the in-vitro and in-vivo studies published to date.
Expression and characterization of a chimeric bifunctional antibody with therapeutic applications. (1990)

A simple method is described for the generation of a biologically produced mouse/human chimeric hetero-bifunctional antibody that has dual specificity for human carcinoembryonic Ag and metal chelate haptens. Two large compound chimeric vectors each containing the genetic information to produce a single antibody specificity were sequentially electroporated into the murine nonsecreting hybridoma SP2/0. This led to the isolation of a clone expressing high levels of total IgG (up to 25 micrograms/ml/10(6) cells), 10 to 20% of which showed simultaneous reactivity with both Ag. Binding studies showed that the immunoreactivities and affinity constants for the individual arms of the bifunctional antibody were equivalent to those seen with the parental antibodies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF PROTEINASE ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PARS) IN THE GUT (2005)

O f all the body systems, the gastrointestinal tract is the most exposed to proteinases. Under physiological conditions, digestive proteinases such as trypsin are released in pancreatic ducts and then into the upper gastrointestinal tract, during and after meals. The forms of proteinases released in the pancreatic duct and intestinal lumen are inactive and need to be cleaved to be activated. This cleavage occurs in the gut lumen where a constant balance between proteolytic activity and the presence of proteinase inhibitors persists in order to fulfil the digestive functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but also at the same time to protect mucosal surfaces from exposure to proteolytic enzymes. The intestinal lumen is also constantly exposed to proteases potentially released from the commensal flora, but also in pathophysiological conditions to proteinases released by infectious agents. Thus the importance of signalling pathways activated by proteinases appears to be particularly relevant for the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide: A molecular link between obesity and migraine? (2010)

Epidemiological studies have begun to suggest obesity is a risk factor for chronic migraine, although no causal relationship has been established and risk factors for progression from episodic to chronic migraine remain unknown. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a important role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Here, the potential role of CGRP as a molecular link between obesity and migraine is reviewed. A mechanistic association is supported by several lines of evidence: 1) common markers are elevated in obesity and migraine, 2) adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines that have been implicated in migraine pathophysiology and 3) elevated levels of CGRP have been found in plasma of obese individuals. We propose that CGRP released from trigeminal neurons may represent a biological link between obesity and migraine. Enhanced trigeminal CGRP production in obese susceptible individuals may lower the threshold necessary to trigger migraine attacks, leading to more frequent episodes and eventually to chronic migraine.
Positive genetic selection for gene disruption in mammalian cells by homologous recombination. (1989)

Efficient modification of genes in mammalian cells by homologous recombination has not been possible because of the high frequency of nonhomologous recombination. An efficient method for targeted gene disruption has been developed. Cells with substitution of exogenous sequences into a chromosomal locus were enriched, by a factor of 100, using a positive genetic selection that specifically selects for homologous recombination at the targeted site. The selection is based on the conditional expression of a dominant selectable marker by virtue of in-frame gene fusion with the target gene. The dominant selectable marker was derived by modification of the Escherichia coli neo gene so that it retains significant activity in mammalian cells after in-frame fusion with heterologous coding sequences. In the example presented here, homologous recombinants were efficiently recovered from a pool in which the targeted gene was disrupted in 1 per 10,000 cells incorporating exogenous DNA.
A 20-Gb/s Quadrature Phase-Shift-Keying Real-Time Coherent System Based on a Subcarrier Optical Phase-Locked Loop (2009)

A 20-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) homodyne coherent system was analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. This system is based on subcarrier optical phase-locked loop (SC-OPLL) and it works in real time. In this letter, we present a brief optical receiver analysis and the transmission system performance in terms of simulations and experimental results. We also show that the QPSK system works but it is affected by loop propagation delay effects due to the prototypal implementation. The delay loop effects can be mitigated by an SC-OPLL integrated realization.
Size distribution analysis of recombinant adenovirus using disc centrifugation (1998)

Recombinant adenovirus is one of the primary vectors for human gene therapy. However, the aggregation of unstable virus has been a recurring problem during the production of purified virus for human therapeutics. To facilitate the development of a robust manufacturing process for recombinant adenovirus vectors, a convenient and reliable size distribution analytical assay is necessary and we demonstrate here that disc centrifuge sedimentation is applicable to this purpose. Using the disc centrifuge system and the line start method, the assay can provide particle size distribution of adenovirus samples within 30 min. The assay can detect virus concentrations down to 0.01% (w/v) or 3 × 1011 particles per ml. The apparent hydrodynamic diameter of recombinant adenovirus was determined to be about 0.063 μm. Furthermore, the disc centrifuge analysis was able to detect adenovirus dimers, trimers, and tetramers, consistent with a rigid sphere approximation for adenovirus, as well as a large aggregate of 0.35 μm. The appearance of viral aggregates is confirmed by increased light scattering based on A320/A260 ratios. The technique could be useful for monitoring the kinetics of aggregation for adenovirus and other DNA and RNA viruses in the submicron region. Therefore, this novel assay provides a critical tool for purification development of viral vectors for meeting therapeutic and research needs.
CD28-induced T cell activation. Evidence for a protein-tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathway (1992)

CD28 is a 44-kDa homodimeric receptor expressed on the majority of T cells. Engagement of the CD28 receptor by soluble anti-CD28 mAb in conjunction with PMA causes the induction of lymphokine/cytokine production and proliferation in resting T cells via signal transduction pathways independent of the TCR. The precise nature of the biochemical events that occur after perturbation of the CD28 receptor remain unclear. We report evidence for the coupling of CD28 to a protein-tyrosine kinase pathway. Multivalent cross-linking of the CD28 receptor or stimulation by soluble CD28 mAb plus PMA, but not PMA or soluble CD28 mAb alone, reproducibly caused the rapid (within 2 min) tyrosine phosphorylation of a 100-kDa cellular substrate. In some experiments, additional cellular substrates of 110, 85, 74, 68, 56, 43, and 29 kDa were also observed. The tyrosine phosphorylation of these substrates was completely inhibited by 12 h pretreatment of T cells with herbimycin A, a selective inhibitor of src-family protein-tyrosine kinases. Pretreatment of T cells with herbimycin was without effect on CD28 surface expression but did inhibit CD28 mAb plus PMA-induced IL-2 mRNA levels, IL-2R(CD25) up-regulation, and cell proliferation. The inhibition of IL-2 mRNA levels was likely at the level of transcription, because herbimycin inhibited NF-AT, AP-1, and CD28RC but not NF-kappa B or OCT-1 binding activities to their respective IL-2 enhancer region sequences. Herbimycin did not inhibit PMA-dependent events including CD69 surface expression, NF-kappa B nuclear binding activity or the level of CD25 induced by PMA alone, supporting the notion that herbimycin is acting to inhibit a CD28 initiated or regulated protein-tyrosine kinase pathway(s).
Frequent IDH1 mutations in supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) of adults but not children (2009)

"Frequent IDH1 mutations in supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET) of adults but not children." Cell Cycle, 8(11), pp. 1806–1807
Endurance testing of low Pt loading polymer electrolyte fuel cells (1994)

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells based on low platinum loading thin-film catalyst layers are subjected to life testing, start-up/shut-down, freeze-thaw cycles, Simple Federal Urban Drive Schedule (SFUDS) testing and the introduction of CO and CO{sub 2} into the anode feed stream. The thin-film single cells did very well in the operational testing. As for contaminants, the thin-film structures have certain advantages and certain disadvantages compared to other fuel cell electrode structures.
1000 Sun, Compact Receiver Based on Monolithic Interconnected Modules (MIMS) (2006)

Monolithic Interconnected Modules (MIMs) are high voltage, low current devices for the use under very high light intensities. For the first time GaAs-based MIMs are now available to be tested in terrestrial concentrator systems. We report on the development of GaAs MIMs with 30.3 V open circuit voltage and a maximum efficiency of 22.0%. The MIMs are designed to operate at a concentration ratio of 1000 suns. A novel type of bypass diode is integrated into each MIM segment to protect against reverse voltages (patent pending). 24 MIM chips are assembled on a water-cooled heat sink to form a compact 10 cmtimes10 cm receiver. The first fully functional prototype is presented in this paper
Subtypes, Genotypes and Molecular Epidemiology of the Hepatitis B Virus as Reflected by Sequence Variability of the S-Gene (1995)

The serologic heterogeneity of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been established from immunodiffusion experiments for a long time. Four serotypes called subtypes of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been defined by two mutually exclusive determinant pairs, d/y and w/r, and a common determinant a. These subtypes are adw, ayw, adr and ayr. By subdivision of the four major subtypes in the mid-70s, nine different subtypes were identified. Sequencing of viral genomes has now become a major goal of descriptive virology, and sequence data is now used to trace routes of infection, to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of viruses and two delimit genetic subtypes. A genetic classification based on the comparison of complete genomes has defined four genomic groups of HBV, later referred upon as genotypes, which were designated with A-D. However, the interrelation of the nine subtypes to the genotypes, the possible presence of more than four human HBV genotypes as well as their global geographical prevalence remained to be determined. By sequencing the S-gene of HBV the molecular basis was assessed for the serological variations of HBsAg within the major four subtypes. Thereby, also two new genotypes of HBV designated with E and F were identified. Complete genomic sequencing of E and F strains confirmed their status as new genotypes. The F genotype was found to diverge from other HBV genomes sequenced by 14%, thus being the most divergent HBV genome so far characterized. When the worldwide molecular epidemiology of HBV based on the variability of the S-gene was defined, the E and F strains seemed to originate in aboriginal populations of Africa and the New World, respectively. They shared a unique substitution at residue 140 in the second immunodominant loop of their encoded surface antigen when compared to the vaccine strain. Future research will establish whether this substitution may predispose to a vaccine escape mutant at residue 141, that now has been reported to occur in conjunction with the 140 substitution.
Measuring cellular structure at submicrometer scale with light scattering spectroscopy (2001)

We present a novel instrument for imaging the angular distributions of light backscattered by biological cells and tissues. The intensities in different regions of the image are due to scatterers of different sizes. We exploit this to study scattering from particles smaller than the wavelength of light used, even when they are mixed with larger particles. We show that the scattering from subcellular structure in both normal and cancerous human cells is best fitted to inverse power-law distributions for the sizes of the scattering objects, and propose that the distribution of scattering objects may be different in normal versus cancerous cells.
Building Internet firewalls (2nd ed.) (2000)

Completely revised and much expanded, the new edition of the highly respected and bestselling Building Internet Firewalls now covers Unix, Linux, and Windows NT. This practical and detailed guide explains in step-by-step fashion how to design and install firewalls and configure Internet services to work with a firewall. It covers a wide range of services and protocols and offers a complete list of resources, including the location of many publicly available firewalls construction tools.
Gate-Variable Optical Transitions in Graphene (2008)

Two-dimensional graphene monolayers and bilayers exhibit fascinating electrical transport behaviors. Using infrared spectroscopy, we find that they also have strong interband transitions and that their optical transitions can be substantially modified through electrical gating, much like electrical transport in field-effect transistors. This gate dependence of interband transitions adds a valuable dimension for optically probing graphene band structure. For a graphene monolayer, it yields directly the linear band dispersion of Dirac fermions, whereas in a bilayer, it reveals a dominating van Hove singularity arising from interlayer coupling. The strong and layer-dependent optical transitions of graphene and the tunability by simple electrical gating hold promise for new applications in infrared optics and optoelectronics.
Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling (2014)

In this paper we compare different types of recurrent units in recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Especially, we focus on more sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism, such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit and a recently proposed gated recurrent unit (GRU). We evaluate these recurrent units on the tasks of polyphonic music modeling and speech signal modeling. Our experiments revealed that these advanced recurrent units are indeed better than more traditional recurrent units such as tanh units. Also, we found GRU to be comparable to LSTM.
Cluster analysis of activity‐time series in motor learning (2002)

Neuroimaging studies of learning focus on brain areas where the activity changes as a function of time. To circumvent the difficult problem of model selection, we used a data-driven analytic tool, cluster analysis, which extracts representative temporal and spatial patterns from the voxel-time series. The optimal number of clusters was chosen using a cross-validated likelihood method, which highlights the clustering pattern that generalizes best over the subjects. Data were acquired with PET at different time points during practice of a visuomotor task. The results from cluster analysis show practice-related activity in a fronto-parieto-cerebellar network, in agreement with previous studies of motor learning. These voxels were separated from a group of voxels showing an unspecific time-effect and another group of voxels, whose activation was an artifact from smoothing.
The Exonuclease and Host Shutoff Functions of the SOX Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Are Genetically Separable (2005)

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) SOX protein, encoded by ORF37, promotes shutoff of host cell gene expression during lytic viral replication by dramatically impairing mRNA accumulation. SOX is the KSHV homolog of the alkaline exonuclease of other herpesviruses, which has been shown to function as a DNase involved in processing and packaging the viral genome. Although the exonuclease activity of these proteins is widely conserved across all herpesviruses, the host shutoff activity observed for KSHV SOX is not. We show here that SOX expression sharply reduces the half-life of target mRNAs. Extensive mutational analysis reveals that the DNase and host shutoff activities of SOX are genetically separable. Lesions affecting the DNase activity cluster in conserved regions of the protein, but residues critical for mRNA degradation are not conserved across the viral family. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that the two different functions of SOX occur within distinct cellular compartments-DNase activity in the nucleus and host shutoff activity in the cytoplasm.