gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSGENIC SWEETPOTATO AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENE EXPRESSION (1995)

Stable, transgenic, sweetpotato plants have been developed using an improved somatic embryogenesis consisting of l) stage I—explants incubated in darkness for 14 days on MS medium with 2,4D (2.5 mg·liter –1 ) and 6-BAP (0.25 mg·liter –1 ) and 2) stage II—culture in light for 14 to 28 days on MS medium with ABA (2.5 mg·liter –1 ). Petiole or leaf explants of the genotype PI318846-3 were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 101 containing gusA::nptII fusion gene. Transgenic somatic embryos were selected on a kanamycin medium (100 mg·liter –1 ). The PCR analysis of the transgenic sweetpotato plants showed the presence of foreign genes in the sweetpotato genome. About 100 transgenic plants are being maintained under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. All the transgenic plants showed a strong expression of gus A gene in the histochemical GUS assay but showed quantitative differences in the chemiluminescent assay. The CaMV35S promoter shows a differential expression because there was some degree of tissue- and organ-specificity in the gus A expression. All transgenic plants appear normal with no phenotypic aberrations and are being tested for productivity traits.
A Simple Caching File System for Application Serving (1996)

In large installations, it can become very difficult to install many hundreds of applications on every workstation. To make every package available requires that the users' command search path be very long, or that there be `wrapper' scripts written for every application which are maintained in a single directory. This policy also requires that each workstation have enough local disk to contain all files for every application. One traditional solution is to make applications available to workstations by serving them via NFS. However, this method can cause severe network loads, and it makes every user dependent upon the uninterrupted operation of the network.

This paper describes a set of programs designed to eliminate these problems. They provide for the automatic configuration of the wrappers needed for each application (including setting environment variables, etc.), in an architecture-independent fashion. They also implement caching from NFS-mounted lockers to a local file system, based upon file access patterns. This gives the advantages of single point of installation and minimization of local disk requirements, while providing the user with reduced dependence upon the network and increased speed of access. These programs require no kernel modifications nor other special facilities, and have proven to be portable across many versions of UNIX.
Prolonged survival of rat islet and skin xenografts in mice treated with donor splenocytes and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (1998)

Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with one transfusion of BALB/c spleen cells and a brief course of anti-CD154 (anti-CD40 ligand) antibody permits BALB/c islet grafts to survive indefinitely and BALB/c skin grafts to survive for ∼50 days without further intervention. We now report adaptation of this protocol to the transplantation of islet and skin xenografts. We observed prolonged survival of rat islet xenografts in mice treated with donor-specific spleen cell transfusion and anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Challenge islet xenografts placed on these animals indicated that graft acceptance was species-specific but not strain specific. Spleen cells from recipients bearing intact grafts led to rejection of rat islet xenografts in scid mice, suggesting that graft acceptance was not due to complete clonal deletion of xenoreactive cells. We also observed prolonged survival of rat skin xenografts in mice treated with donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 mAb. Prolonged survival of skin xenografts was also species specific. We conclude that treatment with appropriately timed donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 mAb induces durable survival of both islet and skin xenografts in mice. Because this procedure is targeted directly at CD154, a co-activation molecule expressed predominantly by activated CD4+ T-cells, the results suggest that CD4+ cells have a major role in the cellular immune response to xenografts.
Adult-Like Anti-Mycobacterial T Cell and In Vivo Dendritic Cell Responses Following Neonatal Immunization with Ag85B-ESAT-6 in the IC31® Adjuvant (2008)

Neonatal immunization with the IC31-adjuvanted Ag85B-ESAT-6 subunit vaccine elicited adult-like multifunctional protective anti-mycobacterial T cell responses through the induction of an adult pattern of in vivo DC activation.
In Vitro Study of Transdermal Nicotine Delivery: Influence of Rate-Controlling Membranes and Adhesives (1999)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a rate-controlling membrane and adhesive on the in vitro permeation of nicotine. The physicochemical properties of the adhesive, including adhesion and rheology (viscosity), were also detected. Higher permeability of nicotine was observed through a hydrophilic membrane than through a hydrophobic membrane. Natural rubber and silicone were used as the adhesive bases, respectively. The silicone adhesive showed the highest adhesion among all adhesive formulations. To increase the adhesion of natural rubber, a tackifier (polyisoprene) and a secondary tackifier (terpene polymer; Px 1150) were incorporated into the formulations to achieve acceptable adhesion. The nicotine permeation through silicone adhesive and three natural rubber adhesives with the secondary tackifier (2%, 4%, and 6% Px 1150) was close to that from a commercially available patch (Habitrol), although the loading amount of nicotine was not the same. A longer lag time during the in vitro permeation study of nicotine was required for the adhesives prepared in our laboratory than for the commercially available patch.
Ultraconserved Elements: Analyses of Dosage Sensitivity, Motifs and Boundaries (2008)

Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) are sequences that are identical between reference genomes of distantly related species. As they are under negative selection and enriched near or in specific classes of genes, one explanation for their ultraconservation may be their involvement in important functions. Indeed, many UCEs can drive tissue-specific gene expression. We have demonstrated that nonexonic UCEs are depleted among segmental duplications (SDs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and proposed that their ultraconservation may reflect a mechanism of copy counting via comparison. Here, we report that nonexonic UCEs are also depleted among 10 of 11 recent genomewide data sets of human CNVs, including 3 obtained with strategies permitting greater precision in determining the extents of CNVs. We further present observations suggesting that nonexonic UCEs per se may contribute to this depletion and that their apparent dosage sensitivity was in effect when they became fixed in the last common ancestor of mammals, birds, and reptiles, consistent with dosage sensitivity contributing to ultraconservation. Finally, in searching for the mechanism(s) underlying the function of nonexonic UCEs, we have found that they are enriched in TAATTA, which is also the recognition sequence for the homeodomain DNA-binding module, and bounded by a change in A + T frequency.
Microtopographic Cues for Settlement of Zoospores of the Green Fouling Alga Enteromorpha (2002)

Enteromorpha , the most important macroalga that fouls ships, produces very large numbers of swimming spores that respond to a number of settlement cues. Responses to topographic cues have been investigated using surfaces with defined microtopographies fabricated from polydimethyl siloxane elastomer (PDMS). The topographic features were based on two designs, (a) a series of 5 or 1.5 w m deep valleys with valley floors and ridges varying between 5 and 20 w m, and (b) pillars of 5 w m diameter and 5 or 1.5 w m height, spaced 5-20 w m apart. The features were arranged in blocks to provide the swimming spores with a 'choice' of where to settle. Swimming spores settled preferentially in the valleys and against the pillars. The number of spores that settled increased very substantially as the width of the valley decreased. The majority of spores settled in the angle between the valley floor and sidewall. Lower numbers settled on the surfaces with lower profile features. Silica beads of similar dimension to the spore body were used to determine whether the spatial relationships between settled spores and the topographic features were a consequence of active settlement behaviours. The results are discussed in relation to the energy needs for spores to adhere to various surface features.
Vision-based hand-gesture applications (2011)

Body posture and finger pointing are a natural modality for human-machine interaction, but first the system must know what it's seeing.
A Sporulation Gene in Coxiella burnetii? (1993)

During a search for conserved target sequences on the genome of Coxiella burnetii for a diagnostic PCR a NotI/EcoRV DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced from the isolate "Nine Mile", Phase I (sequence data are registered under accession number X70045 in data bases EMBL, GENEBANK and DDBJ). On this fragment we have found a sequence of 1741 base pairs which showed an exceptionally high homology (60% on the nucleic acid level and 49.6% on the amino acid level) to the sporulation gene "spoIIIE" of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This is first evidence of the molecular basis for formation of spores in Coxiella burnetii which has been postulated in the literature by electron microscopic investigations.
Transvenous Caval Interruption with Umbrella Filter (1972)

For prevention of pulmonary embolism, transvenous interruption of the inferior vena cava by the umbrella filter was performed in 100 patients between July, 1968, and June, 1970. Filter dislodgment and migration did not occur, and there were no late complications. The recurrent embolism rate was 2 per cent, with a single recurrent fatal embolism. The 30-day hospital mortality was 16 per cent, with an additional late-death rate of 19 per cent. No deaths were directly related to the procedure. The mortality figures reflect the seriousness of the underlying pathologic process. Of 10 patients in whom phlebitis developed after filter insertion, seven had had phlebitis previously. Transvenous caval interruption by the umbrella filter thus seems a safe and effective procedure for prevention of pulmonary embolism.
Expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in human melanoma in vivo. (1992)

A common feature of human melanoma is infiltration by monocytes at early stages of tumorigenesis. This infiltration may be highly significant since macrophages have the capacity to alter the behavior of tumor cells. The authors previously demonstrated that the predominant monocyte chemoattractant produced by tumor cells in vitro was monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). The authors identify the expression of MCP-1 in pathologic specimens of both primary and metastatic human melanoma but not in normal skin. The finding that MCP-1 is produced by malignant melanoma suggests that specific genes are expressed in tumor cells that can induce the recruitment of monocytes in vivo.
The three members of the pocket proteins family share the ability to repress E2F activity through recruitment of a histone deacetylase (1998)

The transcription factor E2F plays a major role in cell cycle control in mammalian cells. E2F binding sites, which are present in the promoters of a variety of genes required for S phase, shift from a negative to a positive role in transcription at the commitment point, a crucial point in G1 that precedes the G1/S transition. Before the commitment point, E2F activity is repressed by members of the pocket proteins family. This repression is believed to be crucial for the proper control of cell growth. We have previously shown that Rb, the founding member of the pocket proteins family, represses E2F1 activity by recruiting the histone deacetylase HDAC1. Here, we show that the two other members of the pocket proteins family, p107 and p130, also are able to interact physically with HDAC1 in live cells. HDAC1 interacts with p107 and Rb through an "LXCXE"-like motif, similar to that used by viral transforming proteins to bind and inactivate pocket proteins. Indeed, we find that the viral transforming protein E1A competes with HDAC1 for p107 interaction. We also demonstrate that p107 is able to interact simultaneously with HDAC1 and E2F4, suggesting a model in which p107 recruits HDAC1 to repress E2F sites. Indeed, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase activity is involved in the p107- or p130-induced repression of E2F4. Taken together, our data suggest that all members of the E2F family are regulated in early G1 by similar complexes, containing a pocket protein and the histone deacetylase HDAC1.
Selective inhibition of CD4 + T-cell cytokine production and autoimmunity by BET protein and c-Myc inhibitors (2012)

Bromodomain-containing proteins bind acetylated lysine residues on histone tails and are involved in the recruitment of additional factors that mediate histone modifications and enable transcription. A compound, I-BET-762, that inhibits binding of an acetylated histone peptide to proteins of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family, was previously shown to suppress the production of proinflammatory proteins by macrophages and block acute inflammation in mice. Here, we investigated the effect of short-term treatment with I-BET-762 on T-cell function. Treatment of naïve CD4(+) T cells with I-BET-762 during the first 2 d of differentiation had long-lasting effects on subsequent gene expression and cytokine production. Gene expression analysis revealed up-regulated expression of several antiinflammatory gene products, including IL-10, Lag3, and Egr2, and down-regulated expression of several proinflammatory cytokines including GM-CSF and IL-17. The short 2-d treatment with I-BET-762 inhibited the ability of antigen-specific T cells, differentiated under Th1 but not Th17 conditions in vitro, to induce pathogenesis in an adoptive transfer model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The suppressive effects of I-BET-762 on T-cell mediated inflammation in vivo were accompanied by decreased recruitment of macrophages, consistent with decreased GM-CSF production by CNS-infiltrating T cells. These effects were mimicked by an inhibitor of c-myc function, implicating reduced expression of c-myc and GM-CSF as one avenue by which I-BET-762 suppresses the inflammatory functions of T cells. Our study demonstrates that inhibiting the functions of BET-family proteins during early T-cell differentiation causes long-lasting suppression of the proinflammatory functions of Th1 cells.
Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) DNA on Mucosal Surfaces: Comparison with HSV Isolation in Cell Culture (2003)

This study compared the rate of isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from >36000 samples of mucosal secretions obtained from 296 HSV-infected persons versus the rate of detection of HSV DNA, by means of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Overall, HSV was isolated in 3.0% of samples, and HSV DNA was detected in 12.1% of samples. The mean number of HSV DNA copies was 10(4.9) in samples obtained on days when HSV lesions were present and 10(4.4) in samples from days when HSV lesions were absent. There was a linear relationship between the ability to isolate virus in culture and the log number of copies of HSV DNA in the sample; this relationship persisted in samples from men or women, in samples from human immunodeficiency virus-negative or -positive participants, and in samples obtained on days when lesions were present or absent. In home-collected specimens, the ratio of PCR positivity to viral-culture positivity rose from 3.8:1 in the winter to 8.8:1 in the summer months, reflecting the lability of viral-culture specimens transported during warm weather.
A novel octameric AMP‐forming acetyl‐CoA synthetase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum (2004)

AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are ubiquitous in all three domains of life. Here, we report the first characterization of an ACS from a hyperthermophilic organism, from the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. The recombinant ACS, the gene product of ORF PAE2867, showed extremely high thermostability and thermoactivity at temperatures around 100 degrees C. In contrast to known monomeric or homodimeric mesophilic ACSs, the P. aerophilum ACS was a 610 kDa homooctameric protein, with a significant lower content of thermolabile (Cys, Asn, and Gln) and higher content of charged (Glu, Lys, and Arg) amino acids. Kinetic analyses revealed an unusual broad substrate spectrum for organic acids and an extremely high affinity for acetate (K(m) 3 microM).
Amphiphilically Nanostructured Deep Eutectic Solvents (2018)

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are neoteric liquids produced by mixing a high-melting-point salt and a molecular hydrogen-bond donor. Amphiphilic (self-assembled) liquid nanostructure, which is key for many of the useful properties of the related ionic liquid class, has not previously been experimentally demonstrated in DESs. Here we show how amphiphilically nanostructured DESs can be prepared using primary ammonium cations. The bulk structure of alkylammonium bromide (alkyl = ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl) and glycerol DESs at a 1:2 mol ratio is examined using neutron diffraction and empirical potential structure refinement fitting. Analysis reveals cation alkyl chain association, which is the signature of amphiphilic liquid nanostructure, in all systems, which becomes better defined with increasing chain length. The ability to form amphiphilically nanostructured DESs will enable the translation of ionic liquid properties associated with liquid nanostructure to DESs.
Recombinant amino terminal fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein prevents hemodynamic responses to endotoxin. (1993)

We sought to determine if a recombinant amino terminal fragment of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (rBPI23) alters the hemodynamic responses to endotoxin. Experiments were performed on Sprague Dawley rats anesthetized with Ketamine and xylazine. In rats challenged with a 30 min infusion of 0.25 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli 0111:B4), there were early (30-90 min), significant increases in cardiac index, heart rate, and stroke volume, accompanied by significant decreases in blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. For the remainder of the 210 min observation period, cardiac index, and stroke volume progressively declined to levels significantly below those of control rats receiving only vehicles. At the same time, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance steadily increased above the vehicle control group. Infusion of 3 mg/kg of rBPI23 abolished these LPS-induced hemodynamic responses. A dose of 1.0 mg/kg of rBPI23 was associated with a modest, significant inhibition of changes evoked by LPS, whereas 0.3 mg/kg was without significant effect. Thaumatin, a control cationic protein with molecular weight and isoelectric point similar to those of rBPI23, failed to alter any responses to LPS. These results indicate that rBPI23 produces a dose-dependent inhibition of hemodynamic changes, associated with endotoxemia, and provides further support for the potential utility of rBPI23 as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis and infection.
The Public Health Problems in the Development Country: Taiwan as a Case Study (1987)

In the developing countries, Taiwan is famous for its ”economic miracle”. During the developing process of high population growth and fast industrial development, there is also dilemma between economic progress and public health problems. Since public health problems are basically engendered from the socio-political-economic roots of the social structure, this paper analyzes the underlying background of socio-political-economic situation of Taiwan for approaching its public health problems. There is a very great challenge for the developing countries to face their complicated public health problems engendered at different developing stages in a relatively short period. In fact, the socio-political-economic change in Taiwan in the past 40 years has been so big and fast that some public health problems are now very critical which need our attention today. And current challenge of public health problems in Taiwan is discussed in this paper from the below categories: (1) population problems, (2) enviromental problems, (3) disease prevention problems, (4) food, drug, and toxic substance problems, (5) mental health problems, (6) health service problems. This paper gives the concepts of ”Human Right and Public Health” as its conclusion. From the concepts, we know that there are still many challenges and struggles in the developing countries for the dream of ”health for all”. And we also know that all the problems of public health are also problems of human right as well as problems of socio-political-economic reform.
Molecular cloning of a brain-specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. (1987)

A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaM-K) alpha-subunit cDNA has been cloned from rat brain. This enzyme is encoded by a 5.1-kilobase mRNA expressed exclusively in the brain. Hybridization histochemistry reveals that the CaM-K mRNA expression corresponds to the distribution of the immunoreactive alpha-subunit protein, suggesting that the high enzyme levels in specific brain areas reflect regional differences in gene expression. The sequence of CaM-K alpha-subunit cDNA indicates a 478-amino acid (54-kDa) protein with three functional domains. The domain organization suggests a structural model for calcium/calmodulin-dependent and independent states that might subserve short- and long-term responses to transient stimuli.
Somatic mutation of the T15 heavy chain gives rise to an antibody with autoantibody specificity. (1984)

The S107 IgA kappa-chain myeloma cell line makes an antiphosphocholine antibody of the T15 idiotype. A somatic mutant of this line, U4, makes an immunoglobulin with a single amino acid substitution of an alanine for a glutamic acid at residue 35. This single amino acid change results in a loss of phosphocholine binding activity. However, the U4 immunoglobulin has acquired reactivity with a variety of phosphorylated macromolecules, including double-stranded DNA, protamine, and cardiolipin. Thus, a single amino acid change in the T15 heavy chain can transform an antibacterial antibody into an antibody that resembles the autoantibodies seen in mice and man with autoimmune disease.