gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AFP + , ESC‐Derived Cells Engraft and Differentiate into Hepatocytes in Vivo (2002)

A major problem in gene therapy and tissue replacement is accessibility of tissue-specific stem cells. One solution is to isolate tissue-specific stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. Here, we show that liver progenitor cells can be purified from differentiated ES cells using alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a marker. By knocking the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into the AFP locus of ES cells and differentiating the modified ES cells in vitro, a subpopulation of GFP(+) and AFP-expressing cells was generated. When transplanted into partially hepatectomized lacZ-positive ROSA26 mice, GFP(+) cells engrafted and differentiated into lacZ-negative and albumin-positive hepatocytes. Differentiation into hepatocytes also occurred after transplantation of GFP(+) cells in apolipoprotein-E- (ApoE) or haptoglobin-deficient mice as demonstrated by the presence of ApoE-positive hepatocytes and ApoE mRNA in the liver of ApoE-deficient mice or by haptoglobin in the serum and haptoglobin mRNA in the liver of haptoglobin-deficient mice. This study describes the first isolation of ES-cell-derived liver progenitor cells that are viable mediators of liver-specific functions in vivo.
7‐Substituted 7‐Deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosines: Regioselective Halogenation of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Nucleosides (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of 7‐chloro‐, 7‐bromo‐, and 7‐iodo‐substituted 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine derivatives 2b – d is described. The regioselective 7‐halogenation with N ‐halogenosuccinimides was accomplished using 7‐[2‐deoxy‐3,5‐ O ‐di(2‐methylpropanoyl)‐β‐ D ‐ erythro ‐ pentofuranosyl]‐2‐(formylamino)‐4‐methoxy‐7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ d ]‐ pyrimidine ( 4 ) as the common precursor. A one‐pot reaction (2 N aq. NaOH) of the halogenated intermediates 5a – c furnished the desired compounds. Also the 7‐hexynyl derivative 2e of 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine is described.
Intestinal Peptide and Protein Delivery: Novel Bioadhesive Drug-Carrier Matrix Shielding from Enzymatic Attack (1998)

We have been developing a novel bioadhesive drug-carrier matrix that protects embedded therapeutic peptides and proteins from degradation by the most abundant intestinal proteases. Increasing amounts of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) were thereby covalently linked to chitosan-EDTA. The bioadhesive properties of the resulting polymer-BBI conjugates and their inhibitory effect toward trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1), elastase (3.4.21.36), carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.17.1), and aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2) were evaluated in vitro. Whereas unmodified chitosan-EDTA exhibited under our experimental conditions an adhesive strength of 54.4 +/- 7.7 mN, it was determined to be 21.0 +/- 3.8 mN for the comparably most adhesive polymer-BBI conjugate (mean +/- SD; n = 5). All polymer-BBI conjugates showed a strong inhibitory activity toward the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin. However, the protective effect toward elastase was markedly lower. Due to the high binding affinity of chitosan-EDTA toward zinc, which represents an essential cofactor for carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase N, all polymer-BBI conjugates displayed additionally a strong protective effect toward these exopeptidases. The novel bioadhesive polymer-BBI conjugates described in this study seem to be very useful drug-carrier matrixes in overcoming the enzymatic barrier to orally administered peptide and protein drugs.
Acute and long‐term effects of insulin‐like growth factor I on glucose transporters in muscle cells Translocation and biosynthesis (1992)

Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) rapidly (&lt;10 min) stimulated glucose uptake into myotubes of the L6 muscle cell line, at concentrations that act specifically on IGF‐I receptors. Uptake remained stimulated at a steady level for 1–2 h, after which a second stimulation occurred. The first phase was insensitive to inhibition of protein synthesis. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that it was accompanied by translocation of glucose transporters (both GLUT1 and GLUT4) to the plasma membrane from intracellular membranes. Translocation sufficed to explain the first phase increase in glucose transport, and there was no change in the total cellular content of GLUT1 or GLUT4 glucose transporters. The second phase of stimulation was inhibitable by cycloheximide, and involved a net increase in either GLUT1 or GLUT4 transporter content, which was reflected in an increase in transporter number in plasma membranes. These results define a cellular mechanism of metabolic action of IGF‐I in muscle cells; furthermore, they suggest that IGF‐I has acute metabolic effects that mimic those of insulin, bypassing action on the insulin receptor.
Effects of Chronic Baroreceptor Stimulation on the Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation in Patients With Drug-Resistant Arterial Hypertension (2009)

In patients with drug-resistant hypertension, chronic electric stimulation of the carotid baroreflex is an investigational therapy for blood pressure reduction. We hypothesized that changes in cardiac autonomic regulation can be demonstrated in response to chronic baroreceptor stimulation, and we analyzed the correlation with blood pressure changes. Twenty-one patients with drug-resistant hypertension were prospectively included in a substudy of the Device Based Therapy in Hypertension Trial. Heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence were analyzed using 24-hour ECG. Recordings were obtained 1 month after device implantation with the stimulator off and after 3 months of chronic electric stimulation (stimulator on). Chronic baroreceptor stimulation decreased office blood pressure from 185+/-31/109+/-24 mm Hg to 154+/-23/95+/-16 mm Hg (P<0.0001/P=0.002). Mean heart rate decreased from 81+/-11 to 76+/-10 beats per minute(-1) (P=0.001). Heart rate variability frequency-domain parameters assessed using fast Fourier transformation (FFT; ratio of low frequency:high frequency: 2.78 versus 2.24 for off versus on; P<0.001) were significantly changed during stimulation of the carotid baroreceptor, and heart rate turbulence onset was significantly decreased (turbulence onset: -0.002 versus -0.015 for off versus on; P=0.004). In conclusion, chronic baroreceptor stimulation causes sustained changes in heart rate variability and heart rate turbulence that are consistent with inhibition of sympathetic activity and increase of parasympathetic activity in patients with drug-resistant systemic hypertension; these changes correlate with blood pressure reduction. Whether the autonomic modulation has favorable cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure control should be investigated in further studies.
Bone-mounted Miniature Robotic Guidance for Pedicle Screw and Translaminar Facet Screw Placement (2006)

These preliminary results confirm the system's accuracy and support its use in minimally invasive spine surgery applications.
Activated macrophages for treating skin ulceration: gene expression in human monocytes after hypo-osmotic shock (2002)

Macrophages play a major role in almost all stages of the complex process of wound healing. It has been previously shown that the incorporation of a hypo-osmotic shock step, in the process of monocyte-concentrate preparation from a blood unit, induces monocyte/macrophage activation. As the macrophages are produced using a unique, closed and sterile system, they are suitable for local application on ulcers in elderly and paraplegic patients. Enhanced phagocytosis by the activated cells, as well as increased secretion of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, were detected in a recent study which are in accord with the very encouraging clinical results. In the present study, we used DNA microarrays to analyse the differential gene expressions of the hypo-osmotic shock-activated monocytes/macrophages and compare them to non-treated cells. Of the genes that exhibited differences of expression in the activated cell population, 94% (68/72) displayed increased activity. The mRNA levels of 43/68 of these genes (63%) were found to be 1.5-fold or higher (1.5-7.98) in the activated macrophages cell population as compared to the non-treated cells. Only four genes were found to have lower mRNA levels in the activated cells, with ratios of expression of 0.62-0.8, which may suggest that the changes are insignificant. A significant number of the genes that showed increased levels of expression is known to be directly involved in macrophage function and wound healing. This may correlate with the increased secretion of different cytokines by the activated macrophages depicted previously. Other groups of genes expressed are known to be involved in important pathways such as neuronal growth and function, developmental defects and cancer. The hypo-osmotic shock induces a gene expression profile of cytokines and receptors in the activated cells. These may evoke potential abilities to produce a variety of protein products needed in the wound healing process and may bring to light possibilities for other therapeutic applications of these cells.
Self-Healing Behaviors of Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels (2016)

Recently, polyampolytes have been discovered to form hydrogels that possess high toughness, full resilience, and self-healing between two cut surfaces. The self-healing of this class of hydrogels is based on the re-forming of the multiple ionic bonds at the fractured surfaces, in which the mobility of the polymer segments and strength of the ionic bonds play an important role. In this work, we study the effects of healing temperature and chemistry of the polyampholyte hydrogels (chemical cross-linker density and chemical structure of the monomers) on the healing kinetics and healing efficiency. The high healing temperature substantially accelerates the self-healing kinetics. Chemical cross-linking reduces the self-healing efficiency. Monomers with more hydrophobic feature give a low self-healing efficiency. For polyampholyte physical hydrogels with a softening temperature below the room temperature, excellent healing efficiency (∼84% on average and maximum 99%) was observed without any external stimuli. We found a correlation between the self-healing efficiency and the fraction of dynamic bonds in the total bonds for relatively soft samples, which is an evidence that the self-healing is due to the re-forming of dynamic bonds.
Covenient synthesis of 2,5-piperazinediones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCovenient synthesis of 2,5-piperazinedionesKenneth D. Kopple and Hagop G. GhazarianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 2, 862–864Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01266a090https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01266a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The lipolysis stimulated receptor: a gene at last (1998)

The lipolysis stimulated receptor is a lipoprotein receptor that was initially described in 1992. In the presence of free fatty acids, the lipolysis stimulated receptor recognizes either apolipoprotein B or apolipoprotein E, and as a consequence, leads to the internalization and degradation of the lipoprotein particles. Its affinity is highest for those lipoproteins most susceptible to lipolysis, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Since the initial biochemical identification and description of the lipolysis stimulated receptor, several reports have been published by our group that provide circumstantial evidence for its role in vivo for the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipid particles. In this review, we bring the readers up-to-date on the evidence for the role of the lipolysis stimulated receptor in lipoprotein metabolism, as well as the recent developments in its molecular characterization.
Aspect-oriented programming (2001)

article Share on Aspect-oriented programming: Introduction Authors: Tzilla Elrad Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago ILView Profile , Robert E. Filman NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CAView Profile , Atef Bader Lucent Technologies, Chicago IL Lucent Technologies, Chicago ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 10Oct. 2001pp 29–32https://doi.org/10.1145/383845.383853Published:01 October 2001Publication History 402citation18,837DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations402Total Downloads18,837Last 12 Months63Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis (2019)

ResMed.
Structural protein 4.1 is located in mammalian centrosomes (1997)

Structural protein 4.1 was first characterized as an important 80-kDa protein in the mature red cell membrane skeleton. It is now known to be a member of a family of protein isoforms detected at diverse intracellular sites in many nucleated mammalian cells. We recently reported that protein 4.1 isoforms are present at interphase in nuclear matrix and are rearranged during the cell cycle. Here we report that protein 4.1 epitopes are present in centrosomes of human and murine cells and are detected by using affinity-purified antibodies specific for 80-kDa red cell 4.1 and for 4.1 peptides. Immunofluorescence, by both conventional and confocal microscopy, showed that protein 4.1 epitopes localized in the pericentriolar region. Protein 4.1 epitopes remained in centrosomes after extraction of cells with detergent, salt, and DNase. Higher resolution electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cell whole mounts showed centrosomal protein 4.1 epitopes distributed along centriolar cylinders and on pericentriolar fibers, at least some of which constitute the filamentous network surrounding each centriole. Double-label electron microscopy showed that protein 4.1 epitopes were predominately localized in regions also occupied by epitopes for centrosome-specific autoimmune serum 5051 but were not found on microtubules. Our results suggest that protein 4.1 is an integral component of centrosome structure, in which it may play an important role in centrosome function during cell division and organization of cellular architecture.
Southern Tablelands, NSW: Doing Nothing in Dry Regrowth Forests is Not An Option (2008)

Research into local regrowth dry sclerophyll forests by Australian National University ecologists is showing that to do nothing with these forests leads to the worst of all worlds, both environmentally as well as economically. The following article looks at the results of a series of studies begun over 15 years ago within the poorly understood dry sclerophyll forests of NSW's Southern Tablelands.
Contraction of Cultured Human Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells after Stimulation with Endothelin-1 (2003)

To our knowledge, the problem of how to maintain isolated smooth cells in a "contractile" phenotypic state without deviation after subculturing has yet to be resolved. The present study characterized the in vitro contractile response of human uterine smooth muscle cell to endothelin-1, which induces contractions in isolated uterine strips. Contractile effects were qualitatively investigated using silicone rubber substrata. Endothelin-1 was able to distort and reduce the wrinkles in the silicone surface. Contractions were also quantified by measuring the resulting change in the collagen lattice area. Endothelin-1 significantly increased the contractile response in a dose-dependent manner by selectively activating endothelin A receptors. When myometrial cells were cultured within collagen lattices, a microfilament-disrupting agent, cytochalasin B, abolished contractions, and no change was observed in smooth muscle alpha-actin immunostaining. Taken together, these observations show that the uterine smooth muscle cells are contractile and respond appropriately to a potent uterotonic agent. Based on these findings, a cultured uterine smooth muscle cell model, which could be used to elucidate the mechanisms controlling uterine activity, is proposed.
Chromatic adaptation-based tone reproduction for high-dynamic-range imaging (2009)

We present an adaptive tone reproduction algorithm for displaying high-dynamic-range (HDR) images on conventional low-dynamic-range (LDR) display devices. The proposed algorithm consists of an adaptive tone reproduction operator and chromatic adaptation. The algorithm for dynamic range reduction relies on suitable tone reproduction functions that depend on histogram-based parameter estimation to adjust luminance according to global and local features. Instead of relying only on reduction of dynamic range, this chromatic adaption technique also preserves chromatic appearance and color consistency across scene and display environments. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves good subjective quality while preserving image details. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is simple and practical for implementation.
Macrophage activation and generation of tumoricidal activity by liposome-associated human C-reactive protein. (1984)

The effect of human C-reactive protein incorporated into multilamellar vesicles (CRP-MLV) was studied in assays of macrophage function. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from C57BL/6 mice phagocytosed CRP-MLV in vitro more rapidly than multilamellar vesicles bearing comparable amounts of immunoglobulin G. Exposure of peritoneal exudate macrophages in vitro to CRP-MLV resulted in development of tumoricidal activity against syngeneic T241 fibrosarcoma and B-16 melanoma cells and against allogeneic Sarcoma 1 cells. Peritoneal exudate macrophages obtained from mice given CRP-MLV i.p. demonstrated antitumor activity against the syngeneic T241 fibrosarcoma in a Winn-type assay, and when challenged in vitro with phorbol myristate acetate, they showed elevated superoxide anion production. Administration of CRP-MLV i.p. did not enhance natural killer activity of spleen cells, however. In superoxide anion assays, CRP-MLV were approximately 10 to 100 times more effective than free C-reactive protein. Results indicate that C-reactive protein is capable of activating macrophages, thus supporting the concept of C-reactive protein as an immunomodulator.
Stable Transformation of Barley via Direct DNA Uptake: Electroporation- and PEG-Mediated Protoplast Transformation (2003)

Transformation technology has great potential for application in many areas of fundamental and applied plant science; the introduction and expression of transgenes will facilitate new approaches in genetics, biochemistry, and physiology and stimulate progress in these fields. In addition, gene transfer techniques will allow the genetic manipulation of crop plants toward improved agronomic characteristics. Indeed, in those plant species that are amenable to Agrobacterium—mediated transformation the use of transgenic plants has already had a significant impact in a number of areas of research, and genetically engineered plants with various different modified traits are undergoing field trials or are actually coming to market.
MT1-MMP- and Cdc42-dependent signaling co-regulate cell invasion and tunnel formation in 3D collagen matrices (2009)

Complex signaling events control tumor invasion in three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices. Recent evidence suggests that cells utilize both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent and MMP-independent means to traverse 3D matrices. Herein, we demonstrate that lysophosphatidic-acid-induced HT1080 cell invasion requires membrane-type-1 (MT1)-MMP-mediated collagenolysis to generate matrix conduits the width of a cellular nucleus. We define these spaces as single-cell invasion tunnels (SCITs). Once established, cells can migrate within SCITs in an MMP-independent manner. Endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts also generate SCITs during invasive events, suggesting that SCIT formation represents a fundamental mechanism of cellular motility within 3D matrices. Coordinated cellular signaling events are required during SCIT formation. MT1-MMP, Cdc42 and its associated downstream effectors such as MRCK (myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase) and Pak4 (p21 protein-activated kinase 4), protein kinase Calpha and the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCK-1 and ROCK-2) coordinate signaling necessary for SCIT formation. Finally, we show that MT1-MMP and Cdc42 are fundamental components of a co-associated invasion-signaling complex that controls directed single-cell invasion of 3D collagen matrices.
Adeno-Associated Viral Vector-Mediated Transgene Expression Is Independent of DNA Methylation in Primate Liver and Skeletal Muscle (2011)

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors can support long-term transgene expression in quiescent tissues. Intramuscular (i.m.) administration of a single-stranded AAV vector (ssAAV) in the nonhuman primate (NHP) results in a peak protein level at 2-3 months, followed by a decrease over several months before reaching a steady-state. To investigate transgene expression and vector genome persistence, we previously demonstrated that rAAV vector genomes associate with histones and form a chromatin structure in NHP skeletal muscle more than one year after injection. In the mammalian nucleus, chromatin remodeling via epigenetic modifications plays key role in transcriptional regulation. Among those, CpG hyper-methylation of promoters is a known hallmark of gene silencing. To assess the involvement of DNA methylation on the transgene expression, we injected NHP via the i.m. or the intravenous (i.v.) route with a recombinant ssAAV2/1 vector. The expression cassette contains the transgene under the transcriptional control of the constitutive Rous Sarcoma Virus promoter (RSVp). Total DNA isolated from NHP muscle and liver biopsies from 1 to 37 months post-injection was treated with sodium bisulfite and subsequently analyzed by pyrosequencing. No significant CpG methylation of the RSVp was found in rAAV virions or in vector DNA isolated from NHP transduced tissues. Direct de novo DNA methylation appears not to be involved in repressing transgene expression in NHP after gene transfer mediated by ssAAV vectors. The study presented here examines host/vector interactions and the impact on transgene expression in a clinically relevant model.