gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of idiotypes expressed by monoclonal antibodies to the 35 kD and 12 kD antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. (1987)

Rabbit antisera were raised against four monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) binding with the 35 kD protein and four MoAb binding with the 12 kD protein antigen of Mycobacterium leprae. Antisera showed idiotype (Id) specificity following cross-absorption with normal mouse globulin. One Id on a single MoAb and another Id shared between three MoAb were identified for each group. Functional studies were carried out with the Rb04 anti [anti-35 kD] specificity. The expression of this Id and paratope in antigen immunized mice was associated with Igh alleles. Inoculation of mice with anti-Id Rb04 induced an 'Ab3' serum response of corresponding Id specificity only when the anti-Id was given in emulsion with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Conversely, prior injection of soluble anti-Id inhibited the subsequent Ab3 response to Rb04/IFA. Moreover, the suppressive effect of soluble anti-Id was abrogated by prior injection of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. These results indicate that regulatory mechanisms similar to those involved in antigenic stimulation may explain the stimulatory or suppressive potency of anti-Id antibodies. Finally, the Ab3 responses to the two tested anti-Ids did not contain any antigen binding activity.
Prophylactic Infusion Regimens in the Management of Hemophilia (1999)

To summarize, prophylactic treatment of hemophilia begun at an early age has been gaining acceptance as the optimal therapeutic option in an increasing number of hemophilia centers in the developed world in recent years. In all too many parts of the world, however, this option must be viewed as a long-range goal in hemophilia care, since national economic resources are insufficient for regular prophylactic treatment to be feasible at the moment. The future development of prophylaxis seems to be focused on three different areas. First, research has focused on improving the cost-effectiveness of the current model by testing daily, frequent injections using novel devices for venous access or continuous infusion with portable or implantable mini-pumps and administration of bio-engineered concentrates with a prolonged half-life at a reduced price. Secondly, a break-through in gene therapy, which will enable us to introduce a gene producing an amount of clotting factor sufficient to provide a continuous prophylactic concentration in the blood. Finally, the most mind-challenging option makes most of the discussion in this chapter obsolete and focuses on the development of an oral compound, peptide, or peptidomimetic agent with the capacity to activate the coagulation cascade in a controllable way.
Targeting RNA splicing for disease therapy (2013)

Splicing of pre-messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA is an essential step for the expression of most genes in higher eukaryotes. Defects in this process typically affect cellular function and can have pathological consequences. Many human genetic diseases are caused by mutations that cause splicing defects. Furthermore, a number of diseases are associated with splicing defects that are not attributed to overt mutations. Targeting splicing directly to correct disease-associated aberrant splicing is a logical approach to therapy. Splicing is a favorable intervention point for disease therapeutics, because it is an early step in gene expression and does not alter the genome. Significant advances have been made in the development of approaches to manipulate splicing for therapy. Splicing can be manipulated with a number of tools including antisense oligonucleotides, modified small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), trans-splicing, and small molecule compounds, all of which have been used to increase specific alternatively spliced isoforms or to correct aberrant gene expression resulting from gene mutations that alter splicing. Here we describe clinically relevant splicing defects in disease states, the current tools used to target and alter splicing, specific mutations and diseases that are being targeted using splice-modulating approaches, and emerging therapeutics.
Effect of Gel Firmness at Cutting Time, pH, and Temperature on Rennet Coagulation and Syneresis: An in situ 1H NMR Relaxation Study (2009)

The objective of this study was to monitor rennet-induced milk gel formation and mechanically induced gel syneresis in situ by low-field NMR. pH, temperature, and gel firmness at cutting time were varied in a factorial design. The new curve-fitting method Doubleslicing revealed that during coagulation two proton populations with distinct transverse relaxation times (T2,1=181, T2,2=465 ms) were present in fractions (f1=98.9%, f2=1.1%). Mechanical cutting of the gel in the NMR tube induced macrosyneresis, which led to the appearance of an additional proton population (T2,3=1500-2200 ms) identified as whey. On the basis of NMR quantification of whey water the syneresis rate was calculated and found to be significantly dependent on pH and temperature.
Studies on the effects of 3-acetyl-4"-isovaleryltylosin against multiple-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. (1981)

Clinical trials of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic were carried out on 17 infantile patients with infections (respiratory tract infection 15, meningitis 1 and sepsis 1). Two patients of the above patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation except side effects because diseases were out of the object of this study. Cefoxitin was given at a dose of 50-104 mg/kg/day q.i.d. except 1 patient (b.i.d.) by a single intravenous injection for 2-27 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was good in 11 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 73.3%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (eosinophilia 1, skin rash 2 and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and LDH 1).
Impact of S100A8 expression on kidney cancer progression and molecular docking studies for kidney cancer therapeutics. (2014)

The present study provides an initial overview of differentially expressed genes in kidney cancer of Saudi Arabian patients using whole-transcript, high-density expression arrays. Our analysis suggests distinct transcriptomic signatures, with significantly high levels of S100A8, and underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to kidney cancer progression. Our docking-based findings shed insight into S100A8 protein as an attractive anticancer target for therapeutic intervention in kidney cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first structure-based docking study for the selected protein targets using the chosen ligands.
Hormone Mimicry (1996)

Two research articles in this week's Science [Livnah et al . ( p. 464 ) and Wrighton et al . ( p. 458 )] report the isolation and structure of a 20-amino acid peptide that binds to and activates the receptor for erythropoietin but is not derived from the normal ligand. In his Perspective, Wells describes the unique selection procedure that allowed this accomplishment and what it means for drug development.
Transform predictive coding of wideband speech signals (2002)

This paper presents a novel wideband speech coding algorithm called transform predictive coding (TPC). The main emphasis is on low complexity. TPC uses short-term and long-term prediction to remove the redundancy in speech. The prediction residual is quantized in the frequency domain based on a calculated noise masking threshold. In its simplest form, the TPC coder uses only open-loop quantization and therefore has a low complexity. A 16 kb/s full-duplex, open-loop TPC coder takes only 22% of the CPU load on a 150 MHz SGI Indy workstation and about 34% on a 90 MHz Pentium PC. The speech quality of TPC is almost transparent at 32 kb/s, very good at 24 kb/s, and acceptable at 16 kb/s. In the second half of the paper, we report our recent progress in using closed-loop quantization techniques to improve TPC output speech quality.
Building systems that flexibly control downloaded executable content (1996)

Downloading executable content, which enables principals to run programs from remote sites, is a key technology in a number of emerging applications, including collaborative systems, electronic commerce, and web information services. However, the use of downloaded executable content also presents serious security problems because it enables remote principals to execute programs on behalf of the downloading principal. Unless downloaded executable contentis properly controlled, a malicious remote principal may obtain unauthorized access to the downloading principal &amp;apos;s resources. Current solutions either attempt to strictly limit the capabilities of downloaded content or require complete trust in the remote principal, so applications which require intermediate amounts of sharing, such as collaborative applications, cannot be constructed over insecure networks. In this paper, we describe an architecture that #exibly controls the access rights of downloaded contentby: #1# authenticating co...
Wide passband grating multiplexer for multimode fibers (1985)

A grating multiplexer in Littrow-configuration is presented, whose passband width-normalized to channel spacing-is comparable with grating demultiplexers. As shown by calculation, a wide passband is attainable by very small input fiber spacing. Using a standard-( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50/125 \mu</tex> m)-GI-fiber as transmission fiber, a 1-dB pass-band of 30 nm with a channel spacing of 46 nm is achieved in an 8- channel device. The insertion losses for each channel are in the range 1.4-2.5 dB for 8- or 10-channel devices.
Motion artifact cancellation for wearable photoplethysmographic sensor (2010)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
The safety and use of canarypox vectored vaccines. (1995)

ALVAC recombinants have been administered to humans and animals by parenteral and oral routes without giving signs of replication, systemic dissemination or severe reaction. In principle, it should be impossible for canarypox recombinants to disseminate in the environment as they would not be synthesised in mammalian cells as complete virus. Canarypox vectors have been safe for humans, in whom there has been no evidence of replication, but more work needs to be done to prove absence of replication. Recombinants are immunogenic by the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes. They are also immunogenic when given orally, but the dose required is still under study. Canarypox recombinants effectively prime the immune system for induction of antibodies and CD8 cell-mediated cytotoxicity by protein antigens. Antibody responses are not influenced by prior inoculation of canarypox, of subunit vaccine corresponding to the gene insert, or of vaccinia. Canarypox virus is attenuated for canaries, in which species it is already widely used. In principle, it is non-infectious for humans or other mammals. It may be infectious for other birds.
Reaction Kinetics of Stable Carbon Isotopes in Natural GasInsights from Dry, Open System Pyrolysis Experiments (2001)

Open system nonisothermal pyrolysis with on-line compound-specific 13C/12C stable-isotope analysis (Py-GC/IRMS) has been performed on three carbonaceous sediments from NW Germany (Carboniferous, Westphalian coal, HI = 286 mgHC/gTOC, Ro = 0.72%), West Siberia (Cretaceous, Cenomanian shale, HI = 192 mgHC/gTOC, Ro = 0.43%), and Malaysia (Tertiary, Miocene coal, HI = 190 mgHC/gTOC, Ro = 0.36%). The study was focused on the generation of methane, ethane, and propane + propene. Measured δ13C-values of pyrolytically generated light hydrocarbons were in the range of δ13C-values commonly observed in thermogenic natural gas (−20 to − 40‰, PDB). While the isotopic composition of the pyrolysis products showed a general enrichment in 13C-species with increasing temperature, the isotopic trends of methane displayed characteristic structures involving reversals in certain temperature intervals. On the basis of the experimental data, reaction kinetic parameters have been derived for each isotopic species of the hydrocarbon gases assuming parallel first-order reactions and an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. The resulting kinetic parameter sets for the Westphalian coal were then tentatively applied to geologic temperature histories to model the chemical and isotopic composition of natural gas generated and accumulated in reservoirs of the NW German Basin. The isotopic compositions (δ13C-values) of methane computed in this simulation show a good agreement with actual isotopic compositions of the natural gases in NW German gas fields. It is demonstrated that the combination of isotope-specific reaction kinetics with the regional thermal history provides a useful tool to account for variations in the isotopic composition of reservoir gases in the course of the accumulation history. These results indicate that, despite the undisputed differences between laboratory and natural conditions for gas generation, open system nonisothermal pyrolysis provides isotope-specific reaction kinetic parameters that satisfactorily describe the isotope effects associated with thermogenic natural gas generation in geologic systems. Application of these parameters in basin modeling studies permits prediction/reconstruction of isotopic compositions of natural gases with the same level of confidence as commonly applied bulk and compound-specific kinetic parameters.
The decellularized porcine heart valve matrix in tissue engineering (2005)

An approach in tissue engineering of heart valves is the use of decellularized xenogeneic matrices to avoid immune response after implantation. The decellularization process must preserve the structural components of the extracellular matrix to provide a biomechanically stable scaffold. However, it is known that in vascular lesions platelet adhesion to extracellular matrix components occurs and platelet activation is induced. In the present study we examined the effects of a decellularized porcine heart valve matrix on thrombocyte activation and the influence of re-endothelialisation in vitro. Porcine pulmonary conduits were decellularized using Triton X-100, Na-deoxycholate and Igepal CA-630 followed by a ribonuclease digestion. Cryostat sections of decellularized heart valves with and without seeding with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with platelet rich plasma. Samples were either stained with fluorescent antibodies for CD41 and PAC-I (recognizing the activated fibrinogen receptor) or fixed with glutaraldehyde. Thereafter, the samples were processed for laser scanning microscopy (LSM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Examination by LSM showed numerous platelets with co-localized staining for CD41 and PAC-1 on the nonseeded decellularized heart valve matrix whereas after seeding with endothelial cells no platelet activation was detected. SEM revealed platelet adhesion and aggregate formation only on the surface of the non-seeded or partially denuded matrix specimens. We show in this study that the decellularized porcine matrix acts as a platelet-activating surface. Seeding with endothelial cells effectively abolishes the platelet adhesion and activation and therefore is necessary to eliminate thrombogenicity in tissue engineered heart valves.
Natural occurrence and origin of somatically mutated memory B cells in mice. (1992)

While most murine peripheral B cells express germline-encoded antibodies of classes M and D (mu+ delta+ cells), small numbers of memory B cells expressing somatically mutated immunoglobulin G antibodies are generated upon T cell-dependent immunization. Analyzing the antibody repertoire of the mu-delta- B cell pool in unimmunized mice, we show that these cells express somatically mutated VH genes and that most of these genes derive from a set of germline VH genes dominantly expressed by mu+delta+ B cells. Thus, class-switched memory B cells are generated in the absence of intentional immunization, presumably in response to environmental antigens. These cells are either recruited from mu+delta+ B cells or selected from newly arising B cells in parallel to the latter, by the same antigens.
The enhancement of speech intelligibility in high noise levels by high-pass filtering followed by rapid amplitude compression (1976)

This paper presents the results of an examination of rapid amplitude compression following high-pass filtering as a method for processing speech, prior to reception by the listener, as a means of enhancing the intelligibility of speech in high noise levels. Arguments supporting this particular signal processing method are based on the results of previous perceptual studies of speech in noise. In these previous studies, it has been shown that high-pass filtered/clipped speech offers a significant gain in the intelligibility of speech in white noise over that for unprocessed speech at the same signal-to-noise ratios. Similar results have also been obtained for speech processed by high-pass filtering alone. The present paper explores these effects and it proposes the use of high-pass filtering followed by rapid amplitude compression as a signal processing method for enhancing the intelligibility of speech in noise. It is shown that this new method resuits in a substantial improvement in the intelligibility of speech in white noise over normal speech and over previously implemented methods.
Toxigenesis and biosynthesis of saxitoxin analogues (1986)

Abstract
Cloning and sequencing of the ornithine decarboxylase gene from Trypanosoma brucei. Implications for enzyme turnover and selective difluoromethylornithine inhibition. (1987)

Ornithine decarboxylase of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei brucei had an estimated native molecular weight of 100,000 by gel filtration and a subunit molecular weight of 45,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gene encoding this enzyme, present in a single copy in T. brucei, was identified by mouse ornithine decarboxylase cDNA under relatively stringent conditions of hybridization and subcloned in a 5.9-kilobase (kb) SstI fragment from a cosmid clone into the plasmid pUC 19. This clone encompassed a 2.8-kb SstII fragment that contained the entire T. brucei ornithine decarboxylase gene. The 2.8-kb SstII fragment hybridized to a 2.4-kb mRNA that presumably encodes the parasite enzyme. The 2.8-kb SstII fragment was partially sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame of 445 amino acids that has 61.5% homology with the corresponding sequence of the mouse enzyme. The only major discrepancies between the two enzymes are the addition of a 20-amino acid N-terminal peptide and the deletion of a 36-amino acid C-terminal peptide and the T. brucei ornithine decarboxylase. The C terminus has been postulated to be one of the structural factors associated with rapid in vivo turnover of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. The absence of this C-terminal peptide in T. brucei ornithine decarboxylase predicts a slow turnover for the parasite enzyme in vivo, and this is supported by our experimental data. The lack of turnover of ornithine decarboxylase in trypanosomes may constitute the basis of selective antitrypanosomal action of the irreversible enzyme inhibitor DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine.
TGFβ1 selectively up-regulates CCR1 expression in primary murine astrocytes (2000)

Chemokine receptors dictate the cellular responses to chemokines on target cells. Therefore, the regulation of expression of chemokine receptors is likely a crucial point for the regulation of chemokine action. Here we show that CC chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) expression by primary mouse astrocytes is increased after transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. TGFβ1 caused a pronounced up-regulation of CCR1 mRNA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. TGFβ1-mediated increase of CCR1 mRNA accumulation resulted in increased CCR1 protein expression and augmented cell migration to a physiological ligand, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). The half life of CCR1 mRNA in the presence and absence of TGFβ1 stimulation was comparable, suggesting that TGFβ1-induced CCR1 mRNA accumulation occurred at the transcriptional level. TGFβ1 did not affect CCR1 mRNA expression in hematopoietic cells, indicating that TGFβ1 effect on CCR1 expression in primary astrocytes is cell-type specific. This is the first evidence that TGFβ1 may modulate central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in part by affecting chemokine receptor expression on astrocytes. GLIA 30:1–10, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantitative Micro-Complement Fixation and Its Use in the Study of Antigenic Structure by Specific Antigen-Antibody Inhibition (1961)

Summary A quantitative micromethod for the estimation of C’ fixation is described. The method is capable of measuring antigens in millimicrogram quantities. A use of the micro-C’ fixation method is specifically illustrated by the quantitative inhibition of pneumococcus polysaccharide immune systems by oligosaccharides.
Value of molecular monitoring during the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. (1997)

Quantitative Southern blot analysis of blood samples may be substituted for bone marrow to monitor the response to therapy in CML and results in the need for fewer bone marrow examinations. To avoid overestimating the degree of response, marrow cytogenetic analysis should be performed when patients achieve a complete response by Southern blot monitoring. This approach provides a rational, cost-effective strategy to monitor the effect of treatment of individual patients, as well as to analyze large clinical trials in CML.
The Binding of Chondroitin Sulfate to Pleiotrophin/Heparin-binding Growth-associated Molecule Is Regulated by Chain Length and Oversulfated Structures (2005)

Pleiotrophin is an 18-kDa heparin-binding growth factor, which uses chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, PTPzeta as a receptor. It has been suggested that the D-type structure (GlcA(2S)beta1-3GalNAc(6S)) in CS contributes to the high affinity binding between PTPzeta and pleiotrophin. Here, we analyzed the interaction of shark cartilage CS-D with pleiotrophin using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor to reveal the importance of D-type structure. CS-D was partially digested with chondroitinase ABC, and fractionated using a Superdex 75pg column. The > or =18-mer CS fractions showed significant binding to pleiotrophin, and the longer fractions had stronger affinity for pleiotrophin than the shorter ones. The approximately 46-mer CS fraction bound to densely immobilized pleiotrophin with high affinity (K(D) = approximately 30 nM), and the binding reactions fitted the bivalent analyte model. However, when the density of the immobilized pleiotrophin was lowered, the strength of affinity remarkably decreased (K(D) = approximately 2.5 microM), and the reactions no longer fitted the model and were considered to be monovalent binding. The 20 approximately 24-mer fractions showed low affinity binding to densely immobilized pleiotrophin (K(D) = 3 approximately 20 microM), which seemed to be monovalent. When approximately 22-mer CS oligosaccharides were fractionated by strong anion exchange HPLC, each fraction differed in affinity for pleiotrophin (K(D) = 0.36 approximately >10 microM), and the affinity correlated with the amounts of D- and E- (GlcAbeta1-3GalNAc(4S,6S)) type oversulfated structures. These results suggest that the binding of pleiotrophin to CS is regulated by multivalency with CS approximately 20 mer as a unit and by the amounts of oversulfated structures.