gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional control of HLA-A,B,C antigen in human placental cytotrophoblast isolated using trophoblast- and HLA-specific monoclonal antibodies and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. (1984)

Human placental cell suspensions prepared by trypsin digestion were analyzed with several monoclonal antibodies on a multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Five distinct cell populations were isolated on the basis of size and quantitative differences in the coordinate expression of cell surface antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies against an HLA-A,B,C monomorphic determinant (MB40.5) and against human trophoblasts (anti-Trop-2). By FACS analysis and after sorting we clearly identified the major cell population as cytotrophoblasts based on several independent criteria, including presence of trophoblast-specific surface antigens, Trop-1, and Trop-2; absence of all HLA class I, class II, and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) antigens; absence of the pan-leucocyte and monocyte antigens, HLe1 and LeuM1, respectively; presence of Y-chromatin in a male placenta; presence of placental and not liver alkaline phosphatase; and a large, mononuclear morphology. These procedures provide a reproducible method for obtaining highly purified human cytotrophoblast populations for further studies. We measured by molecular hybridization (RNA or Northern blots) the HLA-A,B,C and beta 2m mRNA in total RNA extracted from sorted cytotrophoblasts. We find that normal human cytotrophoblasts have extremely small amounts of HLA-A,B,C mRNA: approximately 300 times less than that in the lymphoid cell line LCL-721 or normal lymphocytes. In contrast, they have approximately 11% the level of beta 2m mRNA present in LCL-721 cells. Thus, HLA-A,B,C antigen expression on human cytotrophoblasts is limited by the level of HLA heavy chain mRNA.
Tamoxifen in advanced prostate cancer: An ECOG pilot study (1988)

A group of 19 patients with advanced (Stage D) prostate cancer were treated with one of three dose levels of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, 10 mg (3 patients), 20 mg (8 patients), or 30 mg (8 patients) daily. Five patients had received no prior systemic therapy. The treatment was tolerated well, but no objective responses occurred.
Concentrations of glandular kallikrein in human nasal secretions increase during experimentally induced allergic rhinitis. (1986)

We have previously demonstrated that a mixture of bradykinin and lysylbradykinin is generated in nasal secretions during the immediate allergic response to allergen. The present studies were performed to determine whether glandular kallikrein plays a role in kinin formation during the allergic reaction. Allergic individuals (n = 7) and nonallergic controls (n = 7) were challenged intranasally with appropriate allergen, and nasal lavages obtained before and after challenge were assayed for immunoreactive glandular kallikrein as well as for histamine, kinins, and N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl esterase (TAME-esterase) activity. The increase in postchallenge immunoreactive glandular kallikrein levels above baseline was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) for the allergic group (16.3 +/- 14 ng/ml; means +/- SD) than for the nonallergic controls (1.0 +/- 1.9 ng/ml). Increased levels of immunoreactive glandular kallikrein correlated with increases in kinins, histamine, and TAME-esterase activity and with the onset of clinical symptoms. Characterization of immunoreactive glandular kallikrein purified from postchallenge lavages by immunoaffinity chromatography confirmed the identity of this material as an authentic glandular kallikrein on the basis of its inhibition by protease inhibitors and by monospecific antibody to tissue kallikrein, its chromatographic behavior on gel filtration, and its ability to generate lysylbradykinin from highly purified human low m.w. kininogen. The specific activity of this purified material, in terms of kinin generation from kininogen, was very similar to that for authentic glandular kallikrein, suggesting that most if not all of the immunoreactive material purified from nasal lavages represented active enzyme. Inhibition studies by using pooled postchallenge lavages suggest that the majority of the kinin generating activity in these samples was due to glandular kallikrein. We conclude, therefore, that glandular kallikrein is secreted during the allergic response and can contribute to the formation of the lysylbradykinin produced during the allergic reaction.
Soft-Lithography-Mediated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Architectured Carbon Nanotube Networks on Elastomeric Polymer (2001)

The ability to develop highly site-selective and in situ orientation-controlled growth of carbon nanotubes on novel substrates such as elastomeric polymers may provide new opportunities in both fundamental research and practical applications. A soft-lithography-mediated approach has been used in combination with the surface wetting manipulation to selectively immobilize solution-based catalyst precursors for growing highly regular microarrays of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with controlled morphologies on elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates. The thermal shrinking property of poly(dimethylsiloxane) at elevated temperatures allows the possibility of fabricating three-dimensionally complex intertwined networks of carbon nanotubes, which may be utilized as a basic matrix for integration with flexible polymeric frameworks to fabricate flexible nanodevices, such as highly sensitive electrochemical and chemical gas sensors.
Determination of Single Molecule Conductances of Alkanedithiols by Conducting-Atomic Force Microscopy with Large Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

Single molecular conductances of alkanethiols with different lengths were determined by conducting-atomic force microscopy with large gold nanoparticles (5.4 nm diameter) as the contact. Because of the large size of the nanoparticles, the Coulomb blockade effect is small and the quantized level effect is negligible. These effects were the problems with small nanoparticles (1.5 nm) in analysis of the current−voltage data. Therefore, the measurements with large nanoparticles gave the reasonable conductances and reasonable distance dependence that agree well with the scanning tunneling microscopy repeated break-junction results.
Personalization of image enhancement (2010)

We address the problem of incorporating user preference in automatic image enhancement. Unlike generic tools for automatically enhancing images, we seek to develop methods that can first observe user preferences on a training set, and then learn a model of these preferences to personalize enhancement of unseen images. The challenge of designing such system lies at intersection of computer vision, learning, and usability; we use techniques such as active sensor selection and distance metric learning in order to solve the problem. The experimental evaluation based on user studies indicates that different users do have different preferences in image enhancement, which suggests that personalization can further help improve the subjective quality of generic image enhancements.
Monocyte migration to arthritis in the rat utilizes both CD11/CD18 and very late activation antigen 4 integrin mechanisms. (1995)

In human and experimental models of arthritis, blood monocytes migrate into the inflamed synovium and joint space. The mechanisms required for monocyte migration across the vascular endothelium in joints is poorly defined. Radiolabeled rat blood monocytes were used to measure monocyte migration to the inflamed joints of rats with adjuvant arthritis, and the role of monocyte adhesion molecules was analyzed. Monocyte accumulation in the inflamed joints was maximal 14-21 d after immunization with adjuvant, when arthritis had fully developed. Blocking mAbs to lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), Mac-1, and very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) were used to evaluate the role of these integrins in the migration. Migration to the joints was not inhibited by treatment of the animals with mAb to LFA-1, Mac-1, or VLA-4 alone, and was partially (50%) inhibited in only the most arthritic joint, the talar joint, by the combination of mAb to LFA-1 plus Mac-1. In contrast, this combination inhibited migration to dermal inflammation induced by C5ades Arg, endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and polyinosine-cytosine by 60-70%. When mAbs to LFA-1 and VLA-4 were combined, migration to all the inflamed joints was strongly inhibited (80-98%, depending on the joint). Treatment with the combination of the three mAbs to LFA-1, Mac-1, and VLA-4 completely eliminated monocyte migration to all joints and dermal inflammation. The results show that 51Cr blood monocytes can be used to quantify monocyte migration to arthritic joints in the rat. LFA-1 alone or VLA-4 alone is sufficient to mediate most of this migration, and either LFA-1 or VLA-4 is required for monocyte migration to joint inflammation. These results indicate that both the VLA-4 and LFA-1 integrins should be therapeutic targets for suppression of monocyte infiltration of joints in arthritis.
A Cytoplasmic Inhibitor of the JNK Signal Transduction Pathway (1997)

The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the stress-activated group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that are implicated in the control of cell growth. A murine cytoplasmic protein that binds specifically to JNK [the JNK interacting protein-1 (JIP-1)] was characterized and cloned. JIP-1 caused cytoplasmic retention of JNK and inhibition of JNK-regulated gene expression. In addition, JIP-1 suppressed the effects of the JNK signaling pathway on cellular proliferation, including transformation by the Bcr-Abl oncogene. This analysis identifies JIP-1 as a specific inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway and establishes protein targeting as a mechanism that regulates signaling by stress-activated MAP kinases.
Image classification for content-based indexing (2001)

Grouping images into (semantically) meaningful categories using low-level visual features is a challenging and important problem in content-based image retrieval. Using binary Bayesian classifiers, we attempt to capture high-level concepts from low-level image features under the constraint that the test image does belong to one of the classes. Specifically, we consider the hierarchical classification of vacation images; at the highest level, images are classified as indoor or outdoor; outdoor images are further classified as city or landscape; finally, a subset of landscape images is classified into sunset, forest, and mountain classes. We demonstrate that a small vector quantizer (whose optimal size is selected using a modified MDL criterion) can be used to model the class-conditional densities of the features, required by the Bayesian methodology. The classifiers have been designed and evaluated on a database of 6931 vacation photographs. Our system achieved a classification accuracy of 90.5% for indoor/outdoor, 95.3% for city/landscape, 96.6% for sunset/forest and mountain, and 96% for forest/mountain classification problems. We further develop a learning method to incrementally train the classifiers as additional data become available. We also show preliminary results for feature reduction using clustering techniques. Our goal is to combine multiple two-class classifiers into a single hierarchical classifier.
Mechanisms of Spontaneous Current Generation in an Inhomogeneous d-Wave Superconductor (2000)

A boundary between two d-wave superconductors or an s-wave and a d-wave superconductor generally breaks time-reversal symmetry and can generate spontaneous currents due to proximity effect. On the other hand, surfaces and interfaces in d-wave superconductors can produce localized current-carrying states by supporting the T-breaking combination of dominant and subdominant order parameters. We investigate spontaneous currents in the presence of both mechanisms and show that at low temperature, counter-intuitively, the subdominant coupling decreases the amplitude of the spontaneous current due to proximity effect. Superscreening of spontaneous currents is demonstrated to be present in any d-d (but not s-d) junction and surface with d+id' order parameter symmetry. We show that this supercreening is the result of contributions from the local magnetic moment of the condensate to the spontaneous current.
Searching for MIND: MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2009)

In few years our understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gene expression, and the functional roles of miRNAs has been expanded. Interestingly, numerous miRNAs are expressed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner in the nervous system, suggesting that their posttrascriptional regulation may be particularly relevant in neural development and function. MiRNA studies in neurobiology showed their involvement in synaptic plasticity and brain diseases. In this review ,correlations between miRNA-mediated gene silencing and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Molecular and cellular neurobiological studies of the miRNAs in neurodegeneration represent the exploration of a new Frontier of miRNAs biology and the potential development of new diagnostic tests and genetic therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of two lytic Staphylococcus aureus phages: 44AHJD and P68 (2003)

The first complete nucleotide sequences of two lytic Staphylococcus aureus double stranded DNA phages, 44AHJD (16784 bp) and P68 (18227 bp), are reported. Both are small isometric phages, with short, non-contractile tails and a pre-neck appendage. Based on their morphology, their genome size, the similarity of the encoded gene products, the type of infection and on the possession of a type B DNA polymerase, 44AHJD and P68 are allocated to the order Caudovirales, family Podoviridae, genus 'phi29-like phages'. The genome of 44AHJD differs from that of P68 by a deletion spanning nucleotides 10091 to 11531 of the P68 genome. The electrophoretic analysis of the terminal DNA fragments of P68 DNA and P68 DNA protein complex suggested the presence of a terminal protein at either DNA end. In contrast to the lysis cassette of the phi29-like phages, which is located at the end of the late operon, the lysis cassette of 44AHJD and P68 is located within the structural genes.
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN THE YOUNG (2002)

evere, sustained pulmonary hypertension leads to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, which is potentially fatal. But recent advances in genetics and cell biology provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and new treatments offer an improved quality of life and increased survival. The field is moving rapidly, and it is time to adopt a more positive and aggressive approach to the management of pulmonary hypertension in children. The sustained clinical and haemodynamic improvement seen in many adults with primary pulmonary hypertension treated with continuous prostacyclin, and data from numerous experimental studies indicate that it is possible to arrest and perhaps even reverse the disease process. Potential is likely to be greater in the young in whom the vasculature is still remodelling. However, pulmonary hypertension is frequently unrecognised in early childhood and most children are referred late in the course of the disease, emphasising the need to increase awareness of the condition. This review focuses on the more common forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the young-persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. It attempts to represent our current understanding of pulmonary hypertension in childhood, highlighting the key features of the condition, and offers a glimpse into the future.
Hepatitis C Virus Proteins as Targets for Drug Development: The Role of Bioinformatics and Modelling (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has been recognised to be responsible for both parenterally transmitted and sporadic non-A and non-B hepatitis affecting 1-3% of the world population. HCV is a positive stranded RNA virus encoding a single polyprotein which contains at least ten unique structural and non-structural proteins. Amongst these the structural protein E2 has been of special interest for vaccine development and the serine protease NS3, which is responsible for cleavage of the polyprotein, for the development of small molecule inhibitors. We will focus on the contribution of computational techniques and the use of structural information for the design and discovery of novel therapeutic agents for these targets. Both drug discovery and vaccine design efforts will be discussed taking into account also the problem of emerging resistance.
Acid-Mediated Tumor Invasion: a Multidisciplinary Study (2006)

The acid-mediated tumor invasion hypothesis proposes altered glucose metabolism and increased glucose uptake, observed in the vast majority of clinical cancers by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, are critical for development of the invasive phenotype. In this model, increased acid production due to altered glucose metabolism serves as a key intermediate by producing H(+) flow along concentration gradients into adjacent normal tissue. This chronic exposure of peritumoral normal tissue to an acidic microenvironment produces toxicity by: (a) normal cell death caused by the collapse of the transmembrane H(+) gradient inducing necrosis or apoptosis and (b) extracellular matrix degradation through the release of cathepsin B and other proteolytic enzymes. Tumor cells evolve resistance to acid-induced toxicity during carcinogenesis, allowing them to survive and proliferate in low pH microenvironments. This permits them to invade the damaged adjacent normal tissue despite the acid gradients. Here, we describe theoretical and empirical evidence for acid-mediated invasion. In silico simulations using mathematical models provide testable predictions concerning the morphology and cellular and extracellular dynamics at the tumor-host interface. In vivo experiments confirm the presence of peritumoral acid gradients as well as cellular toxicity and extracellular matrix degradation in the normal tissue exposed to the acidic microenvironment. The acid-mediated tumor invasion model provides a simple mechanism linking altered glucose metabolism with the ability of tumor cells to form invasive cancers.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Naturally Occurring Phototoxin Alpha-terthienyl as a Control Agent for Larvae ofAedes intrudens, Aedes atropalpus(Diptera: Culicidae) andSimulium verecundum(Diptera: Simuliidae) (1985)

Journal Article Synthesis and Evaluation of the Naturally Occurring Phototoxin Alpha-terthienyl as a Control Agent for Larvae of Aedes intrudens, Aedes atropalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Simulium verecundum (Diptera: Simuliidae) Get access B. J. R. Philogene, B. J. R. Philogene 1Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. T. Arnason, J. T. Arnason 1Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. W. Berg, C. W. Berg 1Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Duval, F. Duval 1Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Champagne, D. Champagne 1Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. Taylor, R. G. Taylor 2Environment Canada, Ottawa, KIA IG5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. C. Leitch, L. C. Leitch 3Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Morand P. Morand 3Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada KIN 6N5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 78, Issue 1, 1 February 1985, Pages 121–126, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/78.1.121 Published: 01 February 1985 Article history Received: 23 April 1984 Accepted: 06 September 1984 Published: 01 February 1985
A 2.7 V 900 MHz/1.9 GHz dual-band transceiver IC for digital wireless communication (2002)

A 2.7 V 900 MHz/1.9 GHz dual-band transceiver IC consisting of receive, transmit and local oscillator sections is presented. The transmit section achieves an unwanted sideband-suppression of -43 dBc, LO leakage of -59 dBc, 3/sup rd/ order spurious rejection of -70 dBc. The transmit output noise level is -165 dBc/Hz at a 20 MHz offset from the carrier. The on-chip VHF oscillator has a phase noise level of -106 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset when operating at 800 MHz. The receive section has 36 dB of gain with 36 dB of gain range in 4 steps.
The Roles of Cyclin A2, B1, and B2 in Early and Late Mitotic Events (2010)

Here we have used siRNAs and time-lapse epifluorescence microscopy to examine the roles of various candidate mitotic cyclins in chromatin condensation in HeLa cells. Knocking down cyclin A2 resulted in a substantial (∼7 h) delay in chromatin condensation and histone H3 phosphorylation, and expressing an siRNA-resistant form of cyclin A2 partially rescued chromatin condensation. There was no detectable delay in DNA replication in the cyclin A2 knockdowns, arguing that the delay in chromatin condensation is not secondary to a delay in S-phase completion. Cyclin A2 is required for the activation and nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1-Cdk1, raising the possibility that cyclin B1-Cdk1 mediates the effects of cyclin A2. Consistent with this possibility, we found that chromatin condensation was tightly associated temporally with the redistribution of cyclin B1 to the nucleus. Moreover, a constitutively nuclear cyclin B1 rescued chromatin condensation in cyclin A2 knockdown cells. On the other hand, knocking down cyclin B1 delayed chromatin condensation by only about one hour. Our working hypothesis is that active, nuclear cyclin B1-Cdk1 normally cooperates with cyclin A2 to bring about early mitotic events. Because cyclin A2 is present only during the early stages of mitosis, we asked whether cyclin B knockdown might have more dramatic defects on late mitotic events. Consistent with this possibility, we found that cyclin B1- and cyclin B1/B2-knockdown cells had difficulty in maintaining a mitotic arrest in the presence of nocodazole. Taken together, these data suggest that cyclin A2 helps initiate mitosis, in part through its effects on cyclin B1, and that cyclins B1 and B2 are particularly critical for the maintenance of the mitotic state.
Approach to the vaso-occlusive crisis in adults with sickle cell disease. (2000)

The vaso-occlusive crisis, or sickle cell crisis, is a common painful complication of sickle cell disease in adolescents and adults. Acute episodes of severe pain (crises) are the primary reason that these patients seek medical care in hospital emergency departments. Frequently, however, the pain is incompletely treated. Despite advances in pain management, physicians are often reluctant to give patients adequate dosages of narcotic analgesics because of concerns about addiction, tolerance and side effects. It is important to recognize a pain crisis early, correct the inciting causes, control pain, maintain euvolemia and, when necessary, administer adequate hemoglobin to decrease the hemoglobin S level. The family physician and the hematologist must work together to treat acute pain episodes promptly and effectively, manage the long-term sequelae of chronic pain and prevent future vaso-occlusive crises.