gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hardware-software codesign methodology for DSP applications (1993)

The authors describe a systematic, heterogeneous design methodology using the Ptolemy framework for simulation, prototyping, and software synthesis of systems containing a mixture of hardware and software components. They focus on signal-processing systems in which the hardware typically consists of custom data paths, finite-state machines (FSMs), glue logic and programmable processors. The software is one or more embedded programs running on the programmable components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ribozymes in the Nucleolus (1999)

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that behave like enzymes, cleaving other RNA transcripts into pieces. They have potential therapeutic value because they can be designed to chew up viral RNAs or to repair damaged mRNA transcripts. However, getting the ribozyme to the correct part of the cell where the target RNA resides is a challenge. In his Perspective, [Rossi][1] explains how small RNAs that inhabit the nucleolus can be engineered to transport and sequester ribozymes into this subcellular organelle. He goes on to discuss the many possible applications of these so-called snorbozymes.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/285/5434/1685
A 2-Aminobenzimidazole That Inhibits and Disperses Gram-Positive Biofilms through a Zinc-Dependent Mechanism (2009)

A number of 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and screened for their ability to inhibit and disperse bacterial biofilms. From these compounds, a lead 2-aminobenzimidazole was identified that both inhibited and dispersed MRSA, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Mechanistic studies showed that the activity is Zn(II)-dependent, potentially via a direct zinc-chelating mechanism.
Tumor growth modulation by a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor: immunologically mediated and effector cell-independent effects. (1987)

A monoclonal antibody of IgG2a isotype (425) is described that reacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor on human cells of different tissue origins. Monoclonal antibody 425 mediates tumor cytotoxicity in vitro using mouse and human effector cells and suppresses in vivo tumor cell growth of epidermoid (A 431) and colorectal (SW 948) carcinoma-derived cell lines. The tumoricidal effects in vitro are proportional to the antigen density on target cells. At concentrations higher than 1 nM, monoclonal antibody 425 inhibits growth of epidermal growth factor receptor-bearing A 431 cells, showing an epidermal growth factor-like agonist activity on the growth properties of these cells. A 431 cultures grown in the presence of growth-inhibiting doses of antibody or epidermal growth factor reveal a clear decrease of the relative number of cells in S phase. Additionally, cells treated with the antibody show a decrease of G2-M-phase cells in some, but not all, cultures tested.
The incidence of DPB1 differences between serological and mixed lymphocyte culture matched unrelated individuals: implications for selection of bone marrow donors. (1992)

Bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donors is being used increasingly for the treatment of patients with leukaemia and other disorders of lymphohaemopoiesis. Selection of histocompatible unrelated bone marrow donors currently relies on serological HLA identity and negative mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) between potential donor-recipient pairs. Since serological HLA-DP typing is not feasible, we used the HLA-DPB1 oligonucleotide typing method to test whether the current selection procedure can also guarantee identity for HLA-DP. In 40 consecutive patients, one-third (62/193) of the serologically HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ identical donors were judged as MLC negative (relative response below 5%) with the presumptive recipient. HLA-DPB1 oligonucleotide typing of the MLC negative donors revealed that only one-third of these (20/62) were also identical for DP. In the majority of the pairs, we found a DPB1 disparity. A difference in the graft-versus-host direction was seen in 25/62 cases in the host-versus-graft direction in 28/62 cases and in both directions in 29/62 cases. These data indicate that, in spite of the strict MLC criteria used, the current procedure did not guarantee complete MHC class II identity. Therefore oligotyping for DPB1 can improve matching for DP and should be introduced for typing of volunteers. We suspect that DP differences may contribute to the higher incidence of graft-versus-host disease or graft rejection in unrelated donor transplants.
Flexible parylene-film optical waveguide arrays (2015)

Modulation of neuronal activities by light [e.g., laser or light-emitting diode] using optogenetics is a powerful tool for studies on neuronal functions in a brain. Herein, flexible thin-film optical waveguide arrays based on a highly biocompatible material of parylene are reported. Parylene-C and -N thin layers with the different refractive indices form the clad and the core of the waveguide, respectively, and neural recording microelectrodes are integrated to record optical stimuli and electrical recordings simultaneously using the same alignment. Both theoretical and experimental investigations confirm that light intensities of more than 90% can propagate in a bent waveguide with a curvature radius of &amp;gt;5 mm. The proposed flexible thin-film waveguide arrays with microelectrodes can be used for numerous spherical bio-tissues, including brain and spinal cord samples.
Intelligent services: towards more autonomy (2002)

Collaborative multimedia services present new challenges to distributed systems. There is a need for a model of design centred around user needs and participation, with a deeper conception of interaction. A reorientation of our view of the fundamental nature of interactive systems is needed. It moves away from a view of systems as fixed "black boxes" artifacts, towards a new view of "systems-in-use" open to change. In this paper, we present a multi-agent system for multimedia conference control. Autonomous agents are useful for control as well for cooperative applications, but here we treat only control aspects.
Applicability of existing magnesium alloys as biomedical implant materials (2009)

Being biocompatible and biodegradable, magnesium alloys are considered as the new generation biomedical implant materials, such as for stents, bone fixtures, plates and screws. A major drawback is the poor chemical stability of metallic magnesium; it corrodes at a pace that is too high for most prospective implant applications. Requirements for biodegradable implants are bio-compatibility, controlled biodegradability and sustainable mechanical properties. Various magnesium alloys containing Al, Zn, Y and rare-earth elements are analyzed in this respect. The alloys are compared on the basis of microstructure, tensile tests and potentio-dynamic polarization tests in simulated body fluid. The effects of semi-solid processing, hot extrusion, heat treatments and sterilization on corrosion resistance and tensile properties are investigated. AZ80 magnesium alloy with certain post-processing treatments fulfills the requirements best as a prospect implant material which has the potential for further improvement by trace alloying additions and surface modifications.
High-Resolution Description of Antibody Heavy-Chain Repertoires in Humans (2011)

Antibodies' protective, pathological, and therapeutic properties result from their considerable diversity. This diversity is almost limitless in potential, but actual diversity is still poorly understood. Here we use deep sequencing to characterize the diversity of the heavy-chain CDR3 region, the most important contributor to antibody binding specificity, and the constituent V, D, and J segments that comprise it. We find that, during the stepwise D-J and then V-DJ recombination events, the choice of D and J segments exert some bias on each other; however, we find the choice of the V segment is essentially independent of both. V, D, and J segments are utilized with different frequencies, resulting in a highly skewed representation of VDJ combinations in the repertoire. Nevertheless, the pattern of segment usage was almost identical between two different individuals. The pattern of V, D, and J segment usage and recombination was insufficient to explain overlap that was observed between the two individuals' CDR3 repertoires. Finally, we find that while there are a near-infinite number of heavy-chain CDR3s in principle, there are about 3-9 million in the blood of an adult human being.
Investigational Use of Metomidate Hydrochloride as a Shipping Additive for Two Ornamental Fishes (2009)

During shipping, ornamental fish can be stressed due to handling, high stocking densities, and deteriorating water quality. Adding sedatives, such as metomidate hydrochloride, to shipping water may improve fish survival rates and the percentage of fish in saleable condition. Although the effects of metomidate hydrochloride on the stress response in fish have been studied, its application as a shipping additive has not been well investigated, particularly for tropical ornamental fishes shipped under industry conditions. Convict cichlids Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum and black mollies Poecilia sphenops were evaluated for 7 d after a 24-h period of exposure (including ground and air transport) to one of four metomidate hydrochloride concentrations: 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L. Immediate posttransport and cumulative mortality data, as well as 12-h and 7-d posttransport appearance and behavior scores, were generated. In convict cichlids, the highest dose of metomidate hydrochloride (1.0 mg/L) reduced mortality (0% compared with cumulative means of 5.5-9.2% in other groups) and increased the percentage of saleable fish (91.7% were immediately saleable compared with 12.5-50% in other groups). No effect was detected in black mollies at any concentration tested. Metomidate hydrochloride showed promise as a shipping additive for convict cichlids, but further studies are warranted to evaluate species-specific responses in other ornamental species.
Tunable window device based on micro-wrinkling of nanometric zinc-oxide thin film on elastomer (2016)

This Letter presents a tunable window device based on microscopic wrinkling of a transparent elastomeric surface. "Crack-free" microscopic wrinkling of a 50-nm ZnO thin film is possible on a highly adhesive acrylic elastomer membrane (VHB 4910) upon partial release from a large radial pre-stretch of membrane. This ZnO-based tunable window device demonstrates reversible tunability between transparent and translucent states. At zero compression with a flat surface, the device is transparent with a 93% in-line transmittance at 550-nm wavelength. At 14% radial compression with wrinkled surface, the device appears translucent with a 3% in-line transmittance. Analysis shows that a large amplitude and a small wavelength of transparent micro-wrinkles are good for refracting light diffusely. This method and material system are promising to make a low-cost, high-performance smart window.
The development of polyanhydrides for drug delivery applications (1992)

This paper reviews the development of the polyanhydrides as bioerodible polymers for drug delivery applications. The topics include design and synthesis of the polymer, physical properties, techniques to fabricate the polymer into drug delivery devices, evaluation of biocompatibility, and example applications of the polyanhydrides. Discussion of the interrelationship between the physical-chemical properties of the polyanhydrides, fabrication methods, and drug release rates is included. One section is devoted to a case study to provide a historical perspective of the development a polyanhydride-based drug delivery treatment from the conception of the idea to the final stages of human clinical trials. This section includes an outline of the extensive in vitro and in vivo testing that is necessary for development of a new material for biomedical applications.
Angiogenic activity of human soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. (1999)

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) are elevated in a number of pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis, including tumor growth. Because the increased levels of sICAM-1 suggested that it may be angiogenic, we tested the ability of sICAM-1 to promote angiogenesis. Human recombinant sICAM-1 stimulates chemokinetic endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel, and sprouting of aortic rings. sICAM-1 also mediates angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Additionally, we found a Mr 49,000 molecule that binds to sICAM-1 that may be the surface ligand on endothelial cells. The evidence that sICAM-1 has angiogenic activity suggests a possible role linking inflammation and neovascularization. Furthermore, sICAM-1 may enhance tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and escape from immunosurveillance.
Transcytosis and brain uptake of transferrin-containing nanoparticles by tuning avidity to transferrin receptor (2013)

Receptor-mediated transcytosis across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may be a useful way to transport therapeutics into the brain. Here we report that transferrin (Tf)-containing gold nanoparticles can reach the brain parenchyma from systemic administration in mice through a receptor-mediated transcytosis pathway. This transport is aided by tuning the nanoparticle avidity to Tf receptor (TfR), which is correlated with nanoparticle size and total amount of Tf decorating the nanoparticle surface. Nanoparticles of both 45 nm and 80 nm diameter reach the brain parenchyma, and their accumulation there (visualized by silver enhancement light microscopy in combination with transmission electron microscopy imaging) is observed to be dependent on Tf content (avidity); nanoparticles with large amounts of Tf remain strongly attached to brain endothelial cells, whereas those with less Tf are capable of both interacting with TfR on the luminal side of the BBB and detaching from TfR on the brain side of the BBB. The requirement of proper avidity for nanoparticles to reach the brain parenchyma is consistent with recent behavior observed with transcytosing antibodies that bind to TfR.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) polyubiquitin gene (PvUbi1 and PvUbi2) promoters for use in plant transformation (2011)

The PvUbi1 and PvUbi2 promoters drive expression in switchgrass, rice and tobacco and are strong constitutive promoter candidates that will be useful in genetic transformation of monocots and dicots.
Prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: an update (2006)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious pathogen causing significant mortality and morbidity, especially in premature infants and infants with chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease. Therapy for RSV infection is essentially supportive, although several new compounds are under investigation. Therefore, immunoprophylaxis to prevent severe RSV disease in high-risk infants assumes great significance. Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to RSV, significantly reduces hospitalization in the first 6 months in premature infants born at less than 35 weeks, infants less than 24 months of age with chronic lung disease and requiring treatment in the last 6 months, and in children 24 months or younger with hemodynamically significant heart disease. A new ultrapotent anti-RSV antibody (MEDI-524) appears to be more effective in animals than palivizumab and is undergoing clinical evaluation. There has been considerable progress in the development of vaccines; namely subunit, live attenuated, genetically recombinant virus and polypeptide vaccines. Plasmid DNA vaccines coding for parts of the F and G surface glycoproteins and vaccinia vector vaccines are also being evaluated. Maternal immunization has the potential to prevent RSV disease in early infancy. RSV prophylaxis has seen tremendous progress in the last decade.
Apaf-1 protein deficiency confers resistance to cytochromec–dependent apoptosis in human leukemic cells (2001)

The human leukemia cell lines K562, CEM, CEM/VLB(100), human leukemic blasts, and the bladder cancer J82 cell line have different sensitivities to UV light-induced apoptosis. It is reported that resistance to UV light-induced apoptosis occurs at a point in the apoptotic pathway upstream of caspase-3 but downstream of mitochondrial cytochrome c release. It is demonstrated that the block is due to deficiency of Apaf-1, a critical member of the apoptosome. Sensitivity to apoptosis was independent of caspase-9b or XIAP (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) expression or levels of procaspase-9. Transfection of Apaf-1 conferred sensitivity to apoptosis in resistant cells. Apaf-1 deficiency may constitute a significant mode of resistance to apoptosis in human leukemia.
Shape-selective alkane hydroxylation by metalloporphyrin catalysts (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShape-selective alkane hydroxylation by metalloporphyrin catalystsBruce R. Cook, Thomas J. Reinert, and Kenneth S. SuslickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 23, 7281–7286Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00283a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00283a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1627Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of protein conformational change by optical second-harmonic generation (2006)

An ability to detect and track conformational change in real time is essential to understanding the dynamic relationship between structure and function in biological molecules. Here I show that second-harmonic generation (SHG), a surface-selective technique, offers a new means to probe structural dynamics. A protein, calmodulin, was labeled with a second-harmonic-active dye and immobilized to a surface. Although neither the labeling nor the immobilization was done in a site-specific manner, an overall net orientation of the labels was produced relative to the surface plane. Conformational change of the protein induced by calcium alters the average tilt angle of the labels and causes a change in the intensity of second-harmonic radiation generated by the surface. As SHG is spatially and temporally coherent and depends quantitatively on the structural details of a surface, the method described here should serve as the starting point for more detailed studies of the mechanism of conformational change in molecules, as well as related topics such as protein folding. SHG's surface selectivity also suggests its use in a range of biological applications which require detection of surface-bound molecules.
Avoiding deadlock and reducing starvation and blocking in automated manufacturing systems (2001)

Deadlock-free operations of automated manufacturing systems (AMS) are essential for high machine utilization and productivity. Based on the resource-oriented Petri net models of AMS and our previous work (2000) on a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free operation, this paper proposes a new control policy such that it can avoid deadlock completely, and reduce starvation and blocking situations significantly. It attempts to release an appropriate number of jobs into the system and control the order of resource usage based on the state information in the net model. The theoretical results for the correctness of this policy are presented. An AMS allowing routing flexibility and varying operation times is used to demonstrate the potential of the proposed policy.
Reference Genes to Study Herbicide Stress Response in Lolium sp.: Up-Regulation of P450 Genes in Plants Resistant to Acetolactate-Synthase Inhibitors (2013)

Variation in the expression of numerous genes is at the basis of plant response to environmental stresses. Non-target-site-based resistance to herbicides (NTSR), the major threat to grass weed chemical control, is governed by a subset of the genes involved in herbicide stress response. Quantitative PCR assays allowing reliable comparison of gene expression are thus key to identify genes governing NTSR. This work aimed at identifying a set of reference genes with a stable expression to be used as an internal standard for the normalisation of quantitative PCR data in studies investigating NTSR to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) in the major grass weed Lolium sp. Gene expression stability was assessed in plants resistant or sensitive to two ALS inhibitors, subjected or not to herbicide stress. Using three complementary approaches implemented in the programs BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm, cap-binding protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and ubiquitin were identified as the most suitable reference genes. This reference gene set can probably be used to study herbicide response in other weed species. It was used to compare the expression of the genes encoding two herbicide target enzymes (ALS and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase) and five cytochromes P450 (CYP) with potential herbicide-degrading activity between plants resistant or sensitive to ALS inhibitors. Overall, herbicide application enhanced CYP gene expression. Constitutive up-regulation of all CYP genes observed in resistant plants compared to sensitive plants suggested enhanced secondary metabolism in the resistant plants. Comprehensive transcriptome studies associated to gene expression analyses using the reference gene set validated here are required to unravel NTSR genetic determinants.
Soluble CD40 Ligand in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2003)

In patients with unstable coronary artery disease, elevation of soluble CD40 ligand levels indicated an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Elevation of soluble CD40 ligand identifies a subgroup of patients at high risk who are likely to benefit from antiplatelet treatment with abciximab.