gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Mechanism of the Protein C Pathway on Tissue Factor-induced Thrombin Generation (1997)

The effects of the components of the protein C pathway on thrombin generation were studied in a reconstituted model in which thrombin is generated by factor VIIa and relipidated tissue factor (TF) via the activation of the purified coagulation factors X, IX, VIII, V, and prothrombin. The influence of protein C and soluble thrombomodulin on thrombin generation was correlated with factor Xa generation, factor V(a) and factor VIII(a) formation/inactivation, and protein C activation. Thrombin generation initiated by low concentrations of factor VIIa.TF (1.25 pM) occurs in an explosive fashion during a propagation phase which occurs after an initiation phase of approximately 1 min in which only traces of thrombin are formed. In the absence of other inhibitors, protein C (65 nM) in combination with high concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin (10 nM) resulted in a reduced rate of thrombin generation during the propagation phase without affecting the initiation phase; the activated protein C generated failed to neutralize prothrombinase activity and did not prevent prothrombin consumption. In the presence of plasma levels of the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (2. 5 nM recombinant TFPI), the protein C pathway reduced the rate of thrombin generation, initiated by 1.25 pM factor VIIa.TF, and completely eliminated prothrombinase activity at soluble thrombomodulin concentrations of >/=1 nM. The neutralization of prothrombinase activity coincided with cleavages at Arg-506 and subsequent cleavage at Arg-306 of the factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C. Thus, the protein C pathway combined with TFPI creates a minimal inhibitory potential required to shut down TF-initiated thrombin generation. The protein C pathway constituents did not influence factor Xa generation or factor VIIIa degradation over the interval in which prothrombinase activity was neutralized. Our data thus suggest that the protein C pathway regulates thrombin generation solely by the inactivation of factor Va. At low initiating factor VIIa.TF (1.25 pM) and high thrombomodulin concentrations (10 nM), the factor Va heavy chain is cleaved before significant amounts of light chain are generated. The ability of the protein C pathway to inhibit thrombin generation was greatly reduced when the reaction was initiated in the presence of factor Va, supporting the hypothesis that effective down-regulation of thrombin generation by the protein C pathway, in reactions initiated with the procofactor, occurs by prevention of the coexistence of the factor Va heavy and light chains.
Satellite DNA sequences in the human acrocentric chromosomes: information from translocations and heteromorphisms. (1981)

Satellite III DNA has been located by in situ hybridization in chromosomes 1, 3--5, 7, 9, 10, 13--18, 20--22, and Y and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in the acrocentric chromosomes 13--15, 21, and 22. In the acrocentric chromosomes, the satellite DNA is located in the short arm. Here we report comparisons by in situ hybridization of the amount of satellite DNA in Robertsonian translocation and "normal variant" chromosomes with that in their homologs. In almost all dicentric Robertsonian translocations, the amount of satellite DNA is less than that in the normal homologs, but it is rarely completely absent, indicating that satellite DNA is located between the centromere and the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and that the breakpoints are within the satellite DNA. The amount of satellite DNA shows a range of variation in "normal" chromosomes, and this is still more extreme in "normal variant" chromosomes, those with large short arm (p+ or ph+) generally having more satellite DNA than those with small short arms (p- or ph-). The cytological satellites are heterogeneous in DNA content; some contain satellite DNA, others apparently do not, and the satellite DNA content is not related to the size or intensity of fluorescence of the satellites. The significance of these variations for the putative functions of satellite DNA is discussed.
Modified Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions under Copper-, Amine-, and Solvent-Free Conditions (2005)

[reaction: see text] PdCl2(PPh3)2 combined with TBAF under solvent-free conditions provided general and fast Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with terminal alkynes. In particular, this protocol could be applied to the reactions of deactivated aryl chlorides. In the presence of 3 mol % of PdCl2(PPh3)2 and 3 equiv of TBAF, a number of ArX species (X = I, Br, Cl) were coupled with alkynes to afford the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields under copper-, amine-, and solvent-free conditions.
Un-hiding maps @brooklynhistory: Strategies for outreach in times of austerity (2011)

This article describes map outreach initiatives at the Brooklyn Historical Society(BHS), a non-profit museum, library and archives, and education center located inBrooklyn, New York. In particular, it explores how BHS staff prioritized outreachunder budget constraints, created successful workflows, and employed tools to helppatrons discover the map collection.
A recombinant immunotoxin derived from a humanized epithelial cell adhesion molecule-specific single-chain antibody fragment has potent and selective antitumor activity. (2003)

We describe for the first time the development of a fully recombinant Ep-CAM-specific immunotoxin and demonstrate its potent activity against solid tumors of various histological origins. 4D5MOCB-ETA is currently being evaluated in a Phase I study in patients with refractory squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
The determination of protein, oligonucleotide and peptide molecular weights by ion‐spray mass spectrometry (1988)

The mass spectra of several compounds with molecular weights in the 2500-20,000 Da range were obtained with a quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric pressure ion source. Average molecular weight determinations of mellitin (2846.4 Da), a synthetic oligonucleotide (4262.8 Da), myoglobin (16,950.4 Da) and on the subunits of beta-lactoglobulin (18,277.1 Da) requiring as little as 1 pmol of material were achieved with accuracies and precisions of +/- 1 Da. An ion-spray interface was used to produce ions via the ion evaporation process, producing mass spectra containing a series of multiply-charged molecular species. A simple method for calculating the molecular weight of unknown compounds from the spectra containing multiply-charged ions is described.
Lyt-2 and lyt-3 antigens are on two different polypeptide subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Relationship of subunits to T cell cytolytic activity. (1981)

Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 antigens are carried on separate disulfide-bonded subunits of the same cell surface macromolecules. These are present on thymocytes in a variety of multimeric forms consisting of disulfide-bonded dimers, tetramers, and hexamers of pairwise combinations of three subunits (30,000, 34,000, and 38,000 Mr). From reduced and alkylated Nonidet-P40 thymus extracts, a monoclonal anti-Lyt-3 precipitates only the 30,000 Mr subunit, but not the 30,000 Mr subunit. Almost all of the Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 subunits on the cell are covalently linked by disulfide bonds. However, small amounts of free Lyt-3 subunit was seen in some experiments. Similarly, small amounts of Lyt-2-3- material, consisting of dimers of the 38,000 and 34,000 Mr subunits were identified. Each of the three subunits migrated with a basic charge (pI greater than 8) on two-dimensional gels. Cytotoxic effector cells that are blocked by anti-Lyt-2 and anti-3 can be treated with trypsin and other arginine-specific proteases to remove these antigens. At low concentrations of these proteases, Lyt-3 antigens are selectively removed. After selective removal of Lyt-3 antigens, cytotoxic effector cells are still active and blocking of activity by anti-Lyt-3 is significantly reduced, whereas blocking of activity by anti-Lyt-2 is significantly increased. Neither Lyt-2 nor Lyt-3 is allelically excluded on thymocytes or T cells. These results suggested that the Lyt-2, Lyt-3 macromolecules are associated with but do not serve as the T cell antigen receptor.
Social Interaction Patterns in Driver Behavior: An Introductory Review (1976)

Despite all apparent anonymity of people who use the streets and roads as vehicle operators or as pedestrians, participation in traffic does not take place in a social vacuum. The individual performs his driving task in the context of the collective of road users, and this context is characterized by the central tendencies of social habits and values, expectations and communications, as well as their patterns of deviation. This paper attempts to bring together the existing points of view, hypotheses, and empirical evidence obtained with respect to the role played by social interaction factors in the behavior of road users.
Cross-Protective Potential of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody Directed against Antigenic Site B of the Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Viruses (2009)

The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A viruses has been classified into sixteen distinct subtypes (H1-H16) to date. The HA subtypes of influenza A viruses are principally defined as serotypes determined by neutralization or hemagglutination inhibition tests using polyclonal antisera to the respective HA subtypes, which have little cross-reactivity to the other HA subtypes. Thus, it is generally believed that the neutralizing antibodies are not broadly cross-reactive among HA subtypes. In this study, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific to HA, designated MAb S139/1, which showed heterosubtypic cross-reactive neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition of influenza A viruses. This MAb was found to have broad reactivity to many other viruses (H1, H2, H3, H5, H9, and H13 subtypes) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We further found that MAb S139/1 showed neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition activities against particular strains of H1, H2, H3, and H13 subtypes of influenza A viruses. Mutant viruses that escaped neutralization by MAb S139/1 were selected from the A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), A/Adachi/2/57 (H2N2), and A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strains, and sequence analysis of the HA genes of these escape mutants revealed amino acid substitutions at positions 156, 158, and 193 (H3 numbering). A molecular modeling study showed that these amino acids were located on the globular head of the HA and formed a novel conformational epitope adjacent to the receptor-binding domain of HA. Furthermore, passive immunization of mice with MAb S139/1 provided heterosubtypic protection. These results demonstrate that MAb S139/1 binds to a common antigenic site shared among a variety of HA subtypes and neutralizes viral infectivity in vitro and in vivo by affecting viral attachment to cells. The present study supports the notion that cross-reactive antibodies play some roles in heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus infection, and underscores the potential therapeutic utility of cross-reactive antibodies against influenza.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene (citC) encoding a citrate carrier from several Salmonella serovars. (1992)

The nucleotide sequence of the citC coding for the citrate carrier in several Salmonella serovars has been determined, and the amino acid sequence of the carrier protein was deduced. The predicted citrate carrier from Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella enteritidis consists of 446 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47,621, whereas that from Salmonella dublin is the same 446 amino acids with the slightly different molecular weight of 47,591, because 1 amino acid residue was substituted. The predicted proteins are highly hydrophobic (69% nonpolar amino acids). The hydropathy profile suggests that the proteins are composed of 11-12 hydrophobic membrane-spanning segments with two hydrophilic cores in the middle of the protein sequence. No homology in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences was found in the molecular structures of citA, citP, and tctI genes. The citC-coding citrate transport activity is Na(+)-dependent and specific for citrate only. The transcript from the citC gene was not detected in the total RNA from several Salmonella serovars except S. dublin in Northern blot analysis, although the promoter of the citC genes appeared to be functional in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains using the lacZ fusion assay. These results suggested that the citC gene-coding citrate carrier is probably a TctIII system such as that identified previously in S. typhimurium.
The effect of stage of growth on the genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates of food intake in pigs using a covariance function model (2000)

Many traits that are of interest to breeders, such as food intake, are expressed continuously during the life of an animal and the individual's phenotype will change with age. Traditional genetic analysis of these traits has treated as them as discrete traits, ignoring the correlations among records at different ages. Recently methods have been developed to overcome this deficiency and allow an infinite dimensional approach, which can provide more accurate estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters (Kirkpatrick et al. 1994, Meyer and Hill 1997). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stage of growth on the genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates of daily food intake.
Specific increase in enzymatic activity of adenosine deaminase 1 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (2003)

Elevated ADA1 activity is an intrinsic characteristic of RA FLS, which likely contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by neutralizing the antirheumatic properties of endogenous adenosine.
Diarrhea Etiology in a Children’s Hospital Emergency Department: A Prospective Cohort Study (2006)

Nearly one-half of the patients who presented to the emergency department with diarrhea had a definite or plausible pathogen in their stool specimens. We were unable to develop a model that was substantially better than physician judgment in identifying patients for whom bacterial culture would yield positive results. The unexpectedly high rate of C. difficile toxin warrants further examination.
A critical role for collagen II in cartilage matrix degradation: Collagen II induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in primary human chondrocytes (2008)

We report a process that results in the acceleration of matrix degradation in human articular cartilage, a phenomenon commonly observed in osteoarthritis (OA). The study was conducted by (1) examining the potential of collagen II in modulating the gene expression profile of primary human chondrocytes (PHCs), and (2) investigating the involvement of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. We first tested the collagen II-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in PHCs. PHCs were incubated with or without monomeric (i.e., nonfibrillar) collagen II. Cells were then analyzed by RT-PCR for the expression of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, MMP14, and IL-1beta. ELISA was used to quantify IL-6 and IL-8 release. To examine the influence of collagen II signaling, specifically the role of MAPK p38, a p38-inhibitor was added prior to collagen treatment. Changes in IkappaB concentration were monitored by immunoblot analysis to detect NFkappaB signaling. Results indicated that incubation of PHCs with collagen II did produce a dose-dependent induction of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, MMP14, as well as cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8. At the same time, inhibition of p38 and IkappaB degradation revealed that collagen II-dependent gene induction also involves MAPK p38 and NFkappaB signaling. Thus, we provide evidence for a collagen II-dependent feed-forward mechanism whereby collagen II induces first MMPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines and then release of collagen II fragments from mature collagen II fibers. This, in turn, induces more pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs, and the process is repeated, which results in the acceleration and perpetuation of cartilage matrix degradation.
Direct Production of Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale Oil (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Production of Low Pour Point High Gravity Shale OilG. R. Hill, D. J. Johnson, Lowell Miller, and J. L. DouganCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1967, 6, 1, 52–59Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360021a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i360021a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Breast Cancer β4 Integrin and Endothelial Human CLCA2 Mediate Lung Metastasis (2001)

Adhesion of blood-borne cancer cells to the endothelium is a critical determinant of organ-specific metastasis. Here we show that colonization of the lungs by human breast cancer cells is correlated with cell surface expression of the alpha(6)beta(4) integrin and adhesion to human CLCA2 (hCLCA2), a Ca(2+)-sensitive chloride channel protein that is expressed on the endothelial cell luminal surface of pulmonary arteries, arterioles, and venules. Tumor cell adhesion to endothelial hCLCA2 is mediated by the beta(4) integrin, establishing for the first time a cell-cell adhesion property for this integrin that involves an entirely new adhesion partner. This adhesion is augmented by an increased surface expression of the alpha(6)beta(4) integrin in breast cancer cells selected in vivo for enhanced lung colonization but abolished by the specific cleavage of the beta(4) integrin with matrilysin. beta(4) integrin/hCLCA2 adhesion-blocking antibodies directed against either of the two interacting adhesion molecules inhibit lung colonization, while overexpression of the beta(4) integrin in a model murine tumor cell line of modest lung colonization potential significantly increases the lung metastatic performance. Our data clearly show that the beta(4)/hCLCA2 adhesion is critical for lung metastasis, yet expression of the beta(4) integrin in many benign breast tumors shows that this integrin is insufficient to bestow metastatic competence on cells that lack invasiveness and other established properties of metastatic cells.
Analysis of gene expression in single oocytes and embryos by real-time rapid cycle fluorescence monitored RT-PCR (1999)

Rapid cycle DNA amplification is a refinement of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that permits increased product specificity while reducing amplification time by an order of magnitude. Combined with the use of micro volume capillaries, minute samples can be examined by this technique. Thus, this approach is ideally suited to the analysis of gene expression in individual cells. As the current understanding of early developmental processes is still rudimentary, further characterization of transcription in single oocytes and embryos may provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms directing these events. In this study, we examined the suitability of fluorescence monitored reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for the study of gene expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis using transcripts of the housekeeping gene, beta-actin, as an experimental model. Product accumulation was monitored by either the double-stranded DNA dye SYBR Green I or sequence-dependent hybridization of reporter molecules called molecular beacons. Dyes bind generically and are economical to use. However, both specific and non-specific products are labelled. Hybridization probes permit very specific and sensitive target recognition but they can be costly to manufacture. Once molecular markers indicative of optimal development are identified, this technology could be used in a clinical in-vitro fertilization laboratory as a diagnostic tool.
Positive Inotropic Effect of Ouabain on Isolated Heart Is Accompanied by Activation of Signal Pathways that Link Na+/K+-ATPase to ERK1/2 (2003)

Exposure of cultured rat cardiac myocytes to ouabain is known to cause the interaction of Na+/K+-ATPase with adjacent proteins, leading to activation of multiple signal transduction pathways, regulation of growth-related genes, and hypertrophy. The aim of this work was to determine if the proximal signaling events identified in cultured myocytes also occur in isolated intact hearts of rat and guinea pig in response to positive inotropic doses of ouabain. Langendorff rat heart preparations were exposed to 50 microM ouabain to produce positive inotropy without toxicity, and assayed for Src kinase, protein kinase C, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK(1/2)). These kinases were rapidly activated by ouabain as in cultured cells. In isolated guinea pig hearts, 1 microM ouabain caused ERK(1/2) activation comparable to the effect of 50 microM ouabain in rat heart and consistent with the higher ouabain sensitivity of the contractility of guinea pig heart. These data show that the proximal ouabain-induced signal pathways previously noted in cultured cells are not artifacts of dispersion/culturing of myocytes, and are not the peculiar properties of the rat heart with its relatively low ouabain sensitivity. They also suggest that treatment with positive inotropic doses of cardiac glycosides is likely to be associated with changes in the cardiac phenotype.
timization of Discrete Multitone to aintain Spectrum Compatibility with Other nsmission Systems on Twisted Copper (1995)

Abstract-The growing demand to transmit high-speed digital data in many local area networks (LAN’s) and digital subscriber lines (DSL’s) has resulted in a wide variety of transmission systems that have to co-exist on twisted wire copper pairs. In this paper, we address the problem of maintaining speehvnz compatibility between various services that may use Merent transmission technologies, by shaping in an optimal manner, the power spectral density (PSD) of the transmit signal. A multitone modulation scheme such as discrete multitone