gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo MRI Cell Tracking: Clinical Studies (2009)

Clinical MRI cell tracking is likely to become an important tool at the bedside once (stem) cell therapy becomes mainstream. The most prominent role of this technique probably will be verification of accurate cell delivery with MRI-guided injection, in which interventional radiologists will play a role in the near future. All clinical studies described as of this writing have been performed outside the United States.
Neuromorphic Silicon Neurons and Large-Scale Neural Networks: Challenges and Opportunities (2011)

OPINION article Front. Neurosci., 22 September 2011Sec. Neuromorphic Engineering volume 5 - 2011 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2011.00108
3D Mandibular Superimposition: Comparison of Regions of Reference for Voxel-Based Registration (2016)

The mandibular body mask (mandible without teeth, alveolar bone, rami and condyles) is a reliable reference for 3D regional registration.
Effects of polyamines on the proliferation of mammalian cells in tissue culture. (1975)

Spermine, spermidine, putrescine and agmatine were examined for their cytotoxicity to mammalian cells in tissue culture. Spermine exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among them. It was followed by spermidine. Putrescine and agmatine showed little toxicity but rather acceleration of cell proliferation in some concentrations. Among 16 kinds of rat cells and strains and a mouse cell strain examined, liver cells, fibroblasts, and cells serially grown in a protein-free synthetic medium were sensitive to spermine in the order described. Normal liver cells were more sensitive than hepatoma cells, and normal fibroblasts were also more sensitive than sarcoma cells. Bovine serum albumin fraction markedly accelerated the cytotoxicity of spermine.
Seroepidemiological studies of human papilloma virus (HPV‐1) infections (1978)

At least two groups of human papilloma viruses can be distinguished serologically: on the one hand HPV 1-3, which are closely related but differ in the restriction enzyme pattern of their DNA, and on the other hand HPV-4. The age distributions of patients with warts induced by HPV 1-3 or by HPV-4, respectively, differ markedly. HPV 1-3 predominates between 5 and 15 years of age, whereas HPV-4 could be isolated more often between the ages of 20-25 years. The large number of HPV-1-3-induced warts in children is paralleled by a high percentage of HPV-1 antibody-positive sera in the same age group (about 50%). With increasing age the percentage of HPV-1 antibody-positive sera decline gradually. This pattern of seroreactivity was compared to that of patients with various papillomas and with several malignant tumors. There is no evidence to suggest a link between HPV 1-3 and condylomata acuminata, laryngeal papillomas or any of the malignant tumors tested.
Structural Basis for Control by Phosphorylation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Basis for Control by PhosphorylationLouise N. Johnson and Richard J. LewisView Author Information Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 8, 2209–2242Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2001Publication History Received6 December 2000Published online11 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000225shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000225sresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5258Altmetric-Citations502LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cell and molecular biology,Conformation,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Infrared Properties of Aluminum Oxide Films* (1955)

A method for the preparation and mounting of thin aluminum oxide films from ordinary household aluminum foil is described. Free films covering a circular area of 3.3 cm2 and as thin as 250 A were mounted on glass rings. Infrared reflectance and transmission measurements show that there is absorption beyond 11 microns for even the thinnest films.
Transcatheter reconstruction of the right heart (2003)

We report the interventional procedures performed on a 12-year-old child with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valvar insufficiency, pulmonary arterial stenosis, and an atrial septal defect. A staged repair of all anomalies was performed successfully using transcatheter techniques.
Borg: An Auto-Adaptive Many-Objective Evolutionary Computing Framework (2012)

This study introduces the Borg multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for many-objective, multimodal optimization. The Borg MOEA combines ε-dominance, a measure of convergence speed named ε-progress, randomized restarts, and auto-adaptive multioperator recombination into a unified optimization framework. A comparative study on 33 instances of 18 test problems from the DTLZ, WFG, and CEC 2009 test suites demonstrates Borg meets or exceeds six state of the art MOEAs on the majority of the tested problems. The performance for each test problem is evaluated using a 1,000 point Latin hypercube sampling of each algorithm's feasible parameterization space. The statistical performance of every sampled MOEA parameterization is evaluated using 50 replicate random seed trials. The Borg MOEA is not a single algorithm; instead it represents a class of algorithms whose operators are adaptively selected based on the problem. The adaptive discovery of key operators is of particular importance for benchmarking how variation operators enhance search for complex many-objective problems.
Etomidate and Plasma Esterase Activity in Man and Experimental Animals (1979)

No hydrolysis of etomidate in plasma in vitro was detected in samples from man, horse, cow, sheep, guinea pig or white rabbit. Brown rabbits showed a moderate degree of hydrolysis and it was marked in plasma from Wistar rats. In this species, a single enzyme, an alliesterase, participated in the hydrolysis in plasma. Etomidate did not interfere with the hydrolysis of procaine by plasma pseudocholinesterase in man.
Purification and Properties of 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate Aldolase (1972)

Abstract 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase was purified to a state of apparent homogeneity from Pseudomonas putida. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be around 150,000 from sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity data. The physicochemical properties described include: sedimentation coefficient (s20, w0 = 7.98 S), frictional ratio (f:f0 = 1.15) and apparent partial specific volume (v = 0.742 ml g-1). The low mobility of the protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis greatly increased after reduction with mercaptoethanol. One main band was then observed, with the mobility expected for a protein of molecular weight about 27,000, and it appears that before reduction, six polypeptide chains of similar size were joined through disulfide linkages. In urea-acetic acid gels, electrophoresis of the enzyme before reduction revealed heterogeneity attributable to disulfide bond interchange; this may have occurred during purification. 4-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-2-oxoadipate was a substrate for the enzyme, but other hydroxyoxoacid intermediates in aromatic catabolism were not. The aldolase attacked only one enantiomer of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate, the reaction was inhibited competitively by oxaloacetate and the enzyme required Mn++ or Mg++ (Km = 0.17 mm MgCl2) for activity.
Bacterial contamination in a modern operating suite, 2. Effect of a zoning system on contamination of floors and other surfaces (1978)

SUMMARY In this investigation the bacterial contamination of surfaces such as walls and floors in a modern operating suite, together with surfaces of lamps in the operating theatres, and the clogs worn by staff, was studied. Counts of colony-forming units were made on impression plates containing blood-agar with Tween 80 for total bacterial counts, Baird Parker medium with egg yolk and tellurite for Staphylococcus aureus and trypticase peptone agar with neomycin and polymyxin for Clostridium spp. The areas examined were divided into the patients' route to the operating theatre, the staff's route, and the central area containing the operating rooms, anaesthetic rooms, and exit and scrub-up areas. In the patients' route counts of total organisms ranged from about 10 000 to 30 000/m 2 for Staph. aureus the range was from 70 to 540/m 2 . In the staff's route the highest count was about 70000/m 2 in the dressing area, and the numbers of Staph. aureus were about the same as along the patients' route. In the inner zone the counts were somewhat lower for both total organisms and Staph. aureus . Total counts on the floor from all areas of the inner zone were significantly higher just before the second operation than before the first operation on the same day. The total and Staph. aureus counts on walls, floors and lamps were the same after clean operations as after operations classified as ‘contaminated’ or ‘dirty’.
Recovering non-rigid 3D shape from image streams (2002)

The paper addresses the problem of recovering 3D non-rigid shape models from image sequences. For example, given a video recording of a talking person, we would like to estimate a 3D model of the lips and the full face and its internal modes of variation. Many solutions that recover 3D shape from 2D image sequences have been proposed; these so-called structure-from-motion techniques usually assume that the 3D object is rigid. For example, C. Tomasi and T. Kanades' (1992) factorization technique is based on a rigid shape matrix, which produces a tracking matrix of rank 3 under orthographic projection. We propose a novel technique based on a non-rigid model, where the 3D shape in each frame is a linear combination of a set of basis shapes. Under this model, the tracking matrix is of higher rank, and can be factored in a three-step process to yield pose, configuration and shape. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model free approach that can recover from single-view video sequences nonrigid shape models. We demonstrate this new algorithm on several video sequences. We were able to recover 3D non-rigid human face and animal models with high accuracy.
Oligonucleotide delivery: a patent review (2010 – 2013) (2014)

Introduction: The use of aptamers, antisense technology and RNA interference has allowed nucleic acids to be considered as promising alternatives to classical drugs. However, nucleic acids face several obstacles in the creation of effective nucleic acid drugs. The development of these approaches has strengthened the pipeline with an increasing number of these therapies in clinical trials.Areas covered: This review covers research and patent literature from the last three years, focusing on the development of safe and effective non-viral drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases such as cancer or genetic disorders by using oligonucleotides.Expert opinion: The therapeutic applications of oligonucleotides have overcome multiple obstacles, especially in biodistribution and cellular internalization. Cationic lipids are the most used vehicles for the preparation of novel formulations. Combinatorial libraries of these compounds and the use of solid lipid nanoparticles carrying these synthetic cationic lipids (cholesterol and PEG) have enhanced cellular uptake and biocompatibility of nucleic acids. Besides this extensive use, synthesis of oligonucleotides covalently linked to lipids has also emerged as a promising alternative to formulations. The use of peptides alone or in combination with lipids is an expanding field for oligonucleotide delivery. Polymeric platforms are also good candidates as they showed improved cellular uptake, biodegradability, biocompatibility and the possibility of incorporating several components, such as ligands for receptor-mediated endocytosis and molecules, to facilitate endosomal escape. Finally, nanomaterials may also play an important role in the future. The last developments showed improvement in in vivo efficacy, thus gaining a foothold in therapeutics.
Pulmonary delivery of an erythropoietin Fc fusion protein in non-human primates through an immunoglobulin transport pathway (2004)

Administration of therapeutic proteins by methods other than injection is limited, in part, by inefficient penetration of epithelial barriers. Therefore, unique approaches to breaching these barriers are needed. The neonatal constant region fragment (Fc) receptor (FcRn), which is responsible for IgG transport across the intestinal epithelium in newborn rodents, is expressed in epithelial cells in adult humans and non-human primates. Here we show that FcRn-mediated transport is functional in the lung of non-human primates and that this transport system can be used to deliver erythropoietin (Epo) when it is conjugated to the Fc domain of IgG1. FcRn-dependent absorption was more efficient when the EpoFc fusion protein was deposited predominantly in the upper and central airways of the lung, where epithelial expression of FcRn was most prominently detected. To optimize fusion protein absorption in the lung, we created a recombinant "monomeric-Epo" Fc fusion protein comprised of a single molecule of Epo conjugated to a dimeric Fc. This fusion protein exhibited enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The bioavailability of the EpoFc monomer when delivered through the lung was approximately equal to that reported for unconjugated Epo delivered s.c. in humans. These studies show that FcRn can be harnessed to noninvasively deliver bioactive proteins into the systemic circulation in therapeutic quantities.
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation: chiral ligands and applications (2005)

Hydrogen transfer reduction processes are attracting increasing interest from synthetic chemists in view of their operational simplicity and high selectivity. In this tutorial review the most significant advances recently achieved in the stereoselective reduction of unsaturated organic compounds catalyzed by homogeneous transition metal complexes are critically reviewed. A sharp growth of the synthetic applications of this technique in the synthesis of fine chemicals is predictable as the use of transition metal catalyzed reactions will become more familiar to synthetic chemists.
Prototyping and transforming facial textures for perception research (2001)

Transforming facial images along perceived dimensions (such as age, gender, race, or health) has application in areas as diverse as psychology, medicine, and forensics. We can use prototype images to define the salient features of a particular face classification (for example, European female adult or East-Asian male child). We then use the differences between two prototypes to define an axis of transformation, such as younger to older. By applying these changes to a given input face, we can change its apparent age, race, or gender. Psychological investigations reveal a limitation with existing methods that's particularly apparent when changing the age of faces. We relate the problem to the loss of facial textures (such as stubble and wrinkles) in the prototypes due to the blending process. We review the existing face prototyping and transformation methods and present a new, wavelet-based method for prototyping and transforming facial textures.
Insights into the Roles of Gut Microbes in Obesity (2008)

Obesity is a major public health issue as it enhances the risk of suffering several chronic diseases of increasing prevalence. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Gut microbes are considered to contribute to body weight regulation and related disorders by influencing metabolic and immune host functions. The gut microbiota as a whole improves the host's ability to extract and store energy from the diet leading to body weight gain, while specific commensal microbes seem to exert beneficial effects on bile salt, lipoprotein, and cholesterol metabolism. The gut microbiota and some probiotics also regulate immune functions, protecting the host form infections and chronic inflammation. In contrast, dysbiosis and endotoxaemia may be inflammatory factors responsible for developing insulin resistance and body weight gain. In the light of the link between the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunity, the use of dietary strategies to modulate microbiota composition is likely to be effective in controlling metabolic disorders. Although so far only a few preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated the effects of specific gut microbes and prebiotics on biological markers of these disorders, the findings indicate that advances in this field could be of value in the struggle against obesity and its associated-metabolic disorders.
Use of single-cutter data in the analysis of PDC bit designs (1986)

A method is developed for predicting cutter forces, temperatures, and wear on PDC bits as well as integrated bit performance parameters such as weight-on-bit (WOB), drilling torque, and bit imbalance. A computer code called PDCWEAR has been developed to make this method available as a tool for general bit design. The method uses single-cutter data to provide a measure of rock drillability and employs theoretical considerations to account for interaction among closely spaced cutters on the bit. Experimental data are presented to establish the effects of cutter size and wearflat area on the forces that develop during rock cutting. Waterjet assistance is shown to significantly reduce cutting forces, thereby extending bit life and reducing WOB and torque requirements in hard rock. The effects of bit profile, cutter placement density, bit rotary speed, and wear mode on bit life and drilling performance are investigated. 21 refs., 34 figs., 4 tabs.
The CC chemokine MCP-1/CCL2 in pancreatic cancer progression: regulation of expression and potential mechanisms of antimalignant activity. (2003)

The aim of this study was to discover whether MCP-1/CCL2, a CC chemokine able to attract macrophages, is expressed in human pancreatic cancer and how it modulates cancer progression. All primary tumors were tested, and 6 of 14 pancreatic cancer cell lines were constitutively secreted CCL2. Analysis of the regulation demonstrated that the expression of CCL2 was significantly elevated and in a synergistic manner by IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 1beta. By immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, CCL2 production was confirmed in neoplastic ducts from surgical specimens. Serum levels of CCL2 in pancreatic cancer patients were significantly higher than in normal healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). Patients with high circulating levels of CCL2 had significantly higher survival rate than low CCL2 producers. Serum CCL2 levels positively correlated with tumor macrophage infiltration and inversely correlated with tumor proliferative activity (Ki67 expression). A direct effect of CCL2 on tumor cells is to be excluded, either because primary tumors as well as cell lines have no detectable CCL2 receptor (CCR2) and because addition of CCL2 on tumor cells in vitro did not modify cell cycle progression or apoptosis. In vitro, a model of tumor microenvironment showed a direct antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of monocytes toward pancreatic cancer cell, which is mediated at least in part by interleukin 1beta. Moreover, other proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and IFN-gamma appeared able to induce apoptosis and to reduce the proliferative rate of pancreatic cancer. On the whole, the results presented in our investigation suggest that CCL2 could be a relevant negative regulator of pancreatic cancer progression.
Giant Lysosomes in the Renal Proximal Tubules-A Morphological Characteristic of DBA/2 and DBA/1 Mouse Kidneys. (2003)

The DBA/2Cr mouse is characterized by the presence of giant lysosomes located in the proximal convoluted tubules of males and proximal straight tubules of females. However, it remains unclear whether these giant lysosomes in the proximal tubules are characteristic of DBA/2Cr specifically, or are common to other DBA/2 substrains and DBA/1. The present study investigated the morphology of kidneys from DBA/2CrSlc, DBA/2JJcl, DBA/2NCrj and DBA/1JNCrj mice of both sexes. Giant lysosomes in the renal proximal tubules were found to represent common morphological characteristic of both DBA/2 and DBA/1JN.
Pharmacokinetic Parameters in CNS Gd-DTPA Enhanced MR Imaging (1991)

Dynamic MR imaging can be used to study tissue perfusion and vascular permeability. In the present article a procedure for dynamic MR is presented, which (a) accurately resolves the fast kinetics of tissue response during and after intravenous infusion of the paramagnetic contrast medium Gd-DTPA and (b) yields a linear relationship between the measured MR signal and the Gd-DTPA concentration in the tissue. According to these features, the measured signal-time curves can be analyzed within the framework of pharmacokinetic modeling. Tissue response has been parameterized using a linear two-compartment open model, with only negligible effects of the peripheral compartment on the central compartment. The three model parameters were fitted to the signal-time data pixel by pixel, based on a set of 64 rapid SE images (SE 100/10 ms, image scan time 13 s, interscan intervals 11 s). This makes it possible to construct parameter images, whereby structures become visible that cannot be distinguished in conventional Gd-DTPA enhanced MR. As a clinical example, the approach is discussed in a case of glioblastoma.
The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II): sequences and tools for high-throughput rRNA analysis (2004)

The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II) provides the research community with aligned and annotated rRNA gene sequences, along with analysis services and a phylogenetically consistent taxonomic framework for these data. Updated monthly, these services are made available through the RDP-II website (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/). RDP-II release 9.21 (August 2004) contains 101,632 bacterial small subunit rRNA gene sequences in aligned and annotated format. High-throughput tools for initial taxonomic placement, identification of related sequences, probe and primer testing, data navigation and subalignment download are provided. The RDP-II email address for questions or comments is rdpstaff@msu.edu.
Jung의 심리경향에 따른 청소년의 대인관계 성향분석 (2000)

본 연구는 청소년의 심리경향에 따라 대인관계 성향이 어떻게 달라지는지를 분석하여 청소년이 자신과 타인에 대한 이해를 통해 좀 더 원활한 대인관계를 맺는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구 대상은 울산시내 ㅈ여자고등학교 여학생 194명과 부산시내 ㄷ고등학교 남학생 211명으로 MBTI검사와 대인관계 성향검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 심리경향의 네가지 선호지표(E-I, S-N, T-F, J-P)에 따른 대인관계 성향이 각각 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기질과 기능에 따른 대인관계 성향에서는 동정적-수용적 성향에서, 주기능에 따른 대인관계 성향에서는 지배적-우월적, 동정적-수용적, 사교적-우호적, 과시적-자기도취적 성향에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또 성별에 따른 대인관계 성향에서는 지배적-우월적, 독립적-책임감적, 경쟁적-공격적, 반항적-불신적 성향에서 차이가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구결과는 청소년의 대인관계 성향은 심리경향에 따라 달라진다고 볼 수 있다는 것이다.