gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salt Geometry and Subsalt Trapping in the Enchilada Area, NE Garden Banks, Offshore Louisiana (1997)

ABSTRACT Significant discoveries have been made in the Flex Trend, northeastern Garden Banks, at Prospects Enchilada, GB 128 #1, Salsa, GB 172 #1, and Chimichanga, GB 127 #1. Hydrocarbons in Pliocene age, upper slope channelized turbidite sands are located adjacent to and below a major tabular salt mass. Increased confidence in subsalt trap definition relies heavily on integrating fundamental geologic observations into interpretation of a proprietary 3-D prestack depth migrated seismic data set. Key observations include: suprasalt faults that strike parallel to a base salt keel, morphological differentiation of the salt body from updip tabular salt, approximately 50 m of inverted and repeated condensed section below tabular salt defined by biostratigraphic evaluation, a faceted base salt surface characterized by abrupt changes in dip direction, and a more deeply buried regionally extensive salt evacuation surface. Integration of data yields interpretations far more complex than initially proposed. Traps are primarily fault controlled with a significant stratigraphic overprint. These controlling faults are related to deeper salt evacuation and are not strongly expressed above the tabular salt level. The overlying salt body appears comprised of several independent and separately rooted salts. One of the salt roots and the associated base salt keel provide part of the updip trap for subsalt reserves.
Role of the Promoter in Maintaining Transcriptionally Active Chromatin Structure and DNA Methylation Patterns In Vivo (2003)

Establishment and maintenance of differential chromatin structure between transcriptionally competent and repressed genes are critical aspects of transcriptional regulation. The elements and mechanisms that mediate formation and maintenance of these chromatin states in vivo are not well understood. To examine the role of the promoter in maintaining chromatin structure and DNA methylation patterns of the transcriptionally active X-linked HPRT locus, 323 bp of the endogenous human HPRT promoter (from position -222 to +102 relative to the translation start site) was replaced by plasmid sequences by homologous recombination in cultured HT-1080 male fibrosarcoma cells. The targeted cells, which showed no detectable HPRT transcription, were then assayed for effects on DNase I hypersensitivity, general DNase I sensitivity, and DNA methylation patterns across the HPRT locus. In cells carrying the deletion, significantly diminished DNase I hypersensitivity in the 5' flanking region was observed compared to that in parental HT-1080 cells. However, general DNase I sensitivity and DNA methylation patterns were found to be very similar in the mutated cells and in the parental cells. These findings suggest that the promoter and active transcription play a relatively limited role in maintaining transcriptionally potentiated epigenetic states.
Ca 2+ -Dependent Protein Kinases and Stress Signal Transduction in Plants (1996)

Stress responses in plants involve changes in the transcription of specific genes. The constitutively active mutants of two related Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPK1 and CDPK1a) activate a stress-inducible promoter, bypassing stress signals. Six other plant protein kinases, including two distinct CDPKs, fail to mimic this stress signaling. The activation is abolished by a CDPK1 mutation in the kinase domain and diminished by a constitutively active protein phosphatase 2C that is capable of blocking responses to the stress hormone abscisic acid. A variety of functions are mediated by different CDPKs. CDPK1 and CDPK1a may be positive regulators controlling stress signal transduction in plants.
Somatostatin receptor-based imaging and therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2009)

Somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreotide has proven its role in the diagnosis and staging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs). Newer radiolabeled somatostatin analogs which can be used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and which have a higher affinity for the somatostatin receptor, especially receptor subtype-2, have been developed. It would be desirable, however, if one radiolabeled analog became the new standard for PET imaging, because the current application of a multitude of analogs implies a fragmented knowledge on the interpretation of the images that are obtained in clinical practice. In our view, the most likely candidates for such a universal PET tracer for SRI are [(68)Ga-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate or [(68)Ga-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide. Treatment with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs is a promising new tool in the management of patients with inoperable or metastasized neuroendocrine tumors. Symptomatic improvement may occur with all (111)In-, (90)Y-, or (177)Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs that have been used for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The results that were obtained with [(90)Y-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate are very encouraging in terms of tumor regression. Also, if kidney protective agents are used, the side effects of this therapy are few and mild, and the median duration of the therapy response for these radiopharmaceuticals is 30 and 40 months respectively. The patients' self-assessed quality of life increases significantly after treatment with [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate. Lastly, compared to historical controls, there is a benefit in overall survival of several years from the time of diagnosis in patients treated with [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate. These data compare favorably with the limited number of alternative treatment approaches. If more widespread use of PRRT can be guaranteed, such therapy may well become the therapy of first choice in patients with metastasized or inoperable GEPNETs.
Immune dysregulation in severe influenza (2009)

Among previously healthy children with severe influenza, the mechanisms leading to increased pathology are not understood. We hypothesized that children with severe influenza would have high levels of circulating cytokines. To examine this, we recruited patients with severe influenza and examined plasma cytokine levels as well as the ability of peripheral blood cells to respond to stimuli. Ten patients with severe influenza were enrolled during the 2005-2007 influenza seasons. We evaluated plasma cytokine levels, circulating NK cells, and responses to TLR ligands during the illness. We compared these patients with five patients with moderate influenza, six patients with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and 24 noninfected controls. Patients with influenza showed depressed responses to TLR ligands when compared with RSV patients and healthy controls (P<0.05). These normalized when retested during a convalescent phase. Plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IFN- were elevated in influenza patients compared with controls (P<0.05). A compromised ability to produce TNF- was reproduced by in vitro infection, and the magnitude of the effect correlated with the multiplicity of infection and induction of IFN regulatory factor 4 expression. Aberrant, systemic, innate responses to TLR ligands during influenza infection may be a consequence of specific viral attributes such as a high inoculum or rapid replication and may underlie the known susceptibility of influenza-infected patients to secondary bacterial infections.
Intramolecular Imino Diels−Alder Reaction: Progress toward the Synthesis of Uncialamycin (2009)

We herein described an intramolecular imino Diels-Alder reaction promoted with BF(3).OEt(2)/DDQ affording substituted quinolines. Using this procedure, we prepared the chiral quinoline moiety of the uncialamycin, a new enediyne natural product.
Techniques in protein modification (1995)

Site-Specific Chemical Modification of Proteins Amino Acid Analysis Peptide Separation by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Sequence Determination Chemical Cleavage of Peptide Bonds The Modification of Cysteine The Modification of Cysteine-Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds The Modification of Methionine The Modification of Histidine Residues The Modification of Lysine The Modification of Arginine Chemical Modification of Tryptophan The Modification of Tyrosine The Modification of Carboxyl Groups The Chemical Cross-Linking of Peptide Chains Appendix Index
Reversible Downregulation of Protein Kinase A during Olfactory Learning Using Antisense Technique Impairs Long-Term Memory Formation in the Honeybee,Apis mellifera (1999)

In this study, we examined the role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in associative olfactory learning of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. In the bee, specific interference with molecules to clarify their role in a certain behavior is difficult, because genetic approaches, such as mutants or transgenic animals, are not feasible at the moment. As a new approach in insects in vivo, we report the use of short antisense oligonucleotides. We show that phosphorothioate-modified oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the mRNA of a catalytic subunit of PKA directly injected into the bee brain cause a reversible and specific downregulation of both the amount of the catalytic subunit and of PKA activity by 10-15%. The amounts of the regulatory subunit of PKA, as well as PKC, are not affected. The slight "knockdown" of PKA activity during the training procedure, a classical olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex, neither affects acquisition nor memory retention 3 or 6 hr after training. However, it causes an impairment of long-term memory retention 24 hr after training. Downregulation of PKA 3 hr after training has no detectable effect on memory formation. We conclude that PKA contributes to the induction of a long-term memory 24 hr after training when activated during learning. Second, we demonstrate that the antisense technique is feasible in honeybees in vivo and provides a new and powerful tool for the study of the molecular basis of learning and memory formation in insects.
25 Years of Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Developments, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives (2016)

Bayer HealthCare.
CpG-DNA Aided Cross-Priming by Cross-Presenting B Cells (2004)

Covalent linkage of immunostimulatory CpG-DNA to OVA (CpG-OVA complex) results in CpG-DNA-aided cross-presentation of OVA by dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we analyzed the thesis that CpG-OVA complexes may be cross-presented by B cells to route internalized Ag into the class I MHC presentation pathway. First, we describe that conjugation of CpG-DNA to OVA enhances up to 40-fold internalization of OVA by B cells, which in turn generate the CD8 T cell epitope SIINFEKL complexed to MHC class I, albeit less efficiently than DCs. Furthermore, upon internalization, CpG-DNA conjugated to OVA stimulates B cells to up-regulate costimulatory molecules and cytokines including IL-12. Adoptive transfer of CpG-OVA complex-loaded wild-type B cells cross-primes naive CD8 T cells both in wild-type mice and in MyD88-deficient mice. Overall, these findings disclose attributes of B cells, including cross-presentation of exogenous Ag and cross-priming of naive CD8 T cells that hitherto have been considered as hallmarks restricted to DCs.
Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor Aerosolized to Normals and Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (1993)

Recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (rSLPI), a recombinant form of a natural airway inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE), is a potential therapeutic agent for cystic fibrosis (CF), a condition characterized by airway derangement mediated in part by the large burden of NE on the CF respiratory epithelial surface. After in vitro studies that demonstrated that aerosolized rSLPI retains its form and function, rSLPI was administered via aerosol to normal individuals and individuals with CF to determine the pharmacokinetics of in vivo rSLPI augmentation of the anti-NE defenses of the respiratory epithelial surface. After rSLPI aerosolization to normal individuals (100 mg single dose or 100 mg twice daily for 1 wk) there was a marked increase in SLPI levels and anti-NE capacity in airway epithelial lining fluid (ELF) at 1 h, diminishing gradually over 4 to 12 h. Interestingly, the ELF SLPI levels and anti-NE capacity achieved 12 h after 1 wk of rSLPI aerosols were no different than those 12 h after a single dose of rSLPI, suggesting that rSLPI does not accumulate on the respiratory epithelial surface after aerosolization. The ability of rSLPI to suppress NE in vivo was evaluated by aerosolization of rSLPI to individuals with CF, first as an escalating dose to assess safety, and then at doses of 100 mg twice daily for 1 wk or 50 mg twice daily for 2 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Influence of glucose concentration on light scattering in tissue-simulating phantoms (1994)

The presence of glucose dissolved in an aqueous solution increases the refractive index of the solution and therefore has an influence on the scattering properties of any particles suspended within it. We present experimental data on the effect of glucose concentration on the scattering coefficient of a suspension of spherical polystyrene particles. The experimental results are in good agreement with Mie theory. The effect of glucose on light transport in highly scattering, tissue-simulating phantoms is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically by application of diffusion theory. The possible application of this effect for noninvasive glucose monitoring of diabetic patients is discussed.
A salivary amylase transgene is efficiently expressed in liver but not in parotid gland of transgenic mice (1989)

Two distinct mouse amylase cDNAs, corresponding to the genes Amy-1.1 and Amy-1.2, have been isolated from a YBR/Ki parotid cDNA library. A cosmid clone containing the intact Amy-1.1 gene from strain YBR/Ki, including both the parotid and liver promoters, was transferred to the germ line of C57BL/6J mice. Two independent transgenic lines were produced. The transferred genes are organized as a 4-copy autosomal locus in line Tg518 and an 8-copy Y-linked locus in line Tg2736. Serum of both transgenic lines contained high levels of the AMY1B isozyme encoded by the transferred gene. Transcripts were detected in liver and, at a lower level, in several other tissues including white and brown fat. The anticipated expression in parotid was not observed. Constructs containing 270 or 540 bp of the 5' flanking region of the parotid promoter, cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) structural gene, were also not expressed in transgenic mice. The results suggest that sequences located more than 5 kb upstream of the Amy-1 parotid promoter and/or more than 10 kb downstream from the structural gene are required for parotid-specific expression. The results also demonstrate that non-parotid sources can produce a normal level of AMY1 in serum. Liver is the probable source of AMY1 in serum of these transgenic mice.
Chitosan‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Drug and Gene Delivery (2011)

The covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with chitosan (CS) is successfully accomplished via a facile amidation process. The CS-grafted GO (GO-CS) sheets consist of about 64 wt.% CS, which imparts them with a good aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of GO-CS are studied. As a novel nanocarrier, GO-CS is applied to load a water-insoluble anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), via π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. It is demonstrated that GO-CS possesses a superior loading capacity for CPT, and the GO-CS-CPT complexes show remarkably high cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HeLa cell lines compared to the pure drug. At the same time, GO-CS is also able to condense plasmid DNA into stable, nanosized complexes, and the resulting GO-CS/pDNA nanoparticles exhibit reasonable transfection efficiency in HeLa cells at certain nitrogen/phosphate ratios. Therefore, the GO-CS nanocarrier is able to load and deliver both anticancer drugs and genes.
Google Trends: A Web‐Based Tool for Real‐Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks (2009)

Google Flu Trends can detect regional outbreaks of influenza 7-10 days before conventional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance systems. We describe the Google Trends tool, explain how the data are processed, present examples, and discuss its strengths and limitations. Google Trends shows great promise as a timely, robust, and sensitive surveillance system. It is best used for surveillance of epidemics and diseases with high prevalences and is currently better suited to track disease activity in developed countries, because to be most effective, it requires large populations of Web search users. Spikes in search volume are currently hard to interpret but have the benefit of increasing vigilance. Google should work with public health care practitioners to develop specialized tools, using Google Flu Trends as a blueprint, to track infectious diseases. Suitable Web search query proxies for diseases need to be established for specialized tools or syndromic surveillance. This unique and innovative technology takes us one step closer to true real-time outbreak surveillance.
Studies of Campylobacter jejuni in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. (1984)

Cultures, serology, and immunohistochemical tests for Campylobacter jejuni were performed on 74 patients with inflammatory bowel disease of various disease activity and in healthy and diseased control populations. Fecal cultures were negative in all groups tested. Antibodies to C. jejuni were assessed both by a complement fixation assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to multiple serotypes of the organism. Antibody titers in inflammatory bowel disease patients and control populations were similar, and titers in these groups were significantly lower than in patients with acute Campylobacter enteritis. Intestinal tissues examined for Campylobacter antigens by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay were negative. These data do not etiologically implicate C. jejuni in Crohn's disease or chronic ulcerative colitis.
Homopolymerization of ω‐Styryl‐Polystyrene Macromonomers in the Presence of CpTiF3/MAO (2004)

Abstract Summary: ω ‐Styryl‐polystyrene macromonomers were synthesized by anionic induced deactivation reactions. Their homopolymerization in the presence of a fluorinated half‐sandwich metallocene catalyst (CpTiF 3 /MAO) was investigated. In spite of the intrinsic lower reactivity of these macromonomers with respect to the micromolecular monomer, coordination homopolymerization was possible. The influence of several experimental parameters on the polymerization yield and degree could be demonstrated. In most cases, under identical experimental conditions, higher polymerization yields and degrees were observed with respect to the CpTiCl 3 /MAO catalyst. The synthesis of p ‐polystyryl‐substituted styrene derivatives by the homopolymerization of ω ‐styryl‐polystyrene macromonomers in the presence of CpTiF 3 . magnified image The synthesis of p ‐polystyryl‐substituted styrene derivatives by the homopolymerization of ω ‐styryl‐polystyrene macromonomers in the presence of CpTiF 3 .
Ambulatory surgery in the United States, 2006. (2009)

In 2006, an estimated 57.1 million surgical and nonsurgical procedures were performed during 34.7 million ambulatory surgery visits. Of the 34.7 million visits, 19.9 million occurred in hospitals and 14.9 million occurred in freestanding ambulatory surgery centers. The rate of visits to freestanding ambulatory surgery centers increased about 300 percent from 1996 to 2006, whereas the rate of visits to hospital-based surgery centers remained largely unchanged during that time period. Females had significantly more ambulatory surgery visits (20.0 million) than males (14.7 million), and a significantly higher rate of visits (132.0 per 1000 population) compared with males (100.4 per 1000 population). Average times for surgical visits were higher for ambulatory surgery visits to hospital-based ambulatory surgery centers than for visits to freestanding ambulatory surgery centers for the amount of time spent in the operating room (61.7 minutes compared with 43.2 minutes), the amount of time spent in surgery (34.2 minutes compared with 25.1 minutes), the amount of time spent in the postoperative recovery room (79.0 minutes compared with 53.1 minutes), and overall time (146.6 minutes compared with 97.7 minutes). Although the majority of visits had only one or two procedures performed (56.3 percent and 28.5 percent, respectively), 2.6 percent had five or more procedures performed. Frequently performed procedures on ambulatory surgery patients included endoscopy of large intestine (5.8 million), endoscopy of small intestine (3.5 million), extraction of lens (3.1 million), injection of agent into spinal canal (2.7 million), and insertion of prosthetic lens (2.6 million). The leading diagnoses at ambulatory surgery visits included cataract (3.0 million); benign neoplasms (2.0 million), malignant neoplasms (1.2 million), diseases of the esophagus (1.1 million), and diverticula of the intestine (1.1 million).
DNA Sequence Variation in Domain a of the Acetolactate Synthase Genes of Herbicide-Resistant and -Susceptible Weed Biotypes (1992)

The DNA sequence of a 196 base pair (bp) region of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes of three weed species, kochia, prickly lettuce, and Russian thistle, was determined. This region encompasses the coding sequence for Domain A, a region of the amino acid sequence previously demonstrated to play a pivotal role in conferring resistance to herbicides that inhibit ALS. The Domain A DNA sequence from a chlorsulfuron-resistant (R) prickly lettuce biotype from Idaho differed from that of a chlorsulfuron-susceptible (S) biotype by a single point mutation, which substituted a histidine for a proline. The Domain A DNA sequence from an R kochia biotype from Kansas also differed from that of an S biotype by a single point mutation in the same proline codon. This point mutation, however, conferred substitution of threonine for proline. Two different ALS-homologous sequences were isolated from an R biotype of Russian thistle. Neither sequence encoded amino acid substitutions in Domain A that differed from the consensus S sequence. The DNA sequence variation among the R and S kochia biotypes was used to characterize six Ada County, Idaho, kochia collections for correlation between phenotypic chlorsulfuron susceptibility and restriction digest patterns (RFLPs) of polymerase chain reaction amplification products. Most collections showed excellent correspondence between the RFLP patterns and the phenotypic response to chlorsulfuron application. However, one entirely R collection had the RFLP pattern of the S biotype, suggesting that resistance was not due to mutation in the proline codon.