gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Transfer of information from T and B lymphocytes during immune response: role of extracellular DNA]. (1980)

Human lymphocytes obtained from donors exhibiting different allotypes were separated into B and T subpopulations and cultured in presence or in absence of UV-inactivated Herpes simplex virus. Isolated B or T cells did not produce antiherpetic activity. The B lymphocytes, cultured in presence of the supernatant collected from virus exposed T cells or in the presence of DNA extracted from this supernatant, synthesized an antiherpetic antibody carrying allotypic markers of the T cell donor.
Rapid and Simple Solid‐Phase Esterification of Sialic Acid Residues for Quantitative Glycomics by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

A rapid and quantitative method for solid-phase methyl esterification of carboxy groups of various sialylated oligosaccharides has been established. The method employed a triazene derivative, 3-methyl-1-p-tolyltriazene, for facile derivatization of oligosaccharides immobilized onto general solid supports such as Affi-Gel Hz and gold colloidal nanoparticles in a multiwell plate. The workflow protocol was optimized for the solid-phase processing of captured sialylated/unsialylated oligosaccharides separated from crude sample mixtures by chemical ligation. From tryptic and/or PNGase F-digest mixtures of glycoproteins, purification by chemoselective immobilization, esterification and recovery were achieved in the same well of the filter plate within three hours when used in conjunction with "glycoblotting technology" (S.-I. Nishimura, K. Niikura, M. Kurogochi, T. Matsushita, M. Fumoto, H. Hinou, R. Kamitani, H. Nakagawa, K. Deguchi, N. Miura, K. Monde, H. Kondo, High-throughput protein glycomics: Combined use of chemoselective glycoblotting and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry: Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 93-98; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 91-96). The recovered materials were directly applicable to subsequent characterization by mass spectrometric techniques such as MALDI-TOF for large-scale glycomics of both neutral and sialylated oligosaccharides. On-bead/on-gold nanoparticle derivatization of glycans containing sialic acids allowed rapid and quantitative glycoform profiling by MALDI-TOF MS with reflector and positive ion mode. In addition to its simplicity and speed, the method eliminates the use of unfavorable halogenated solvents such as chloroform and dichloromethane or volatile solvents such as diethyl ether and hexane, resulting in a practical and green chemical method for automated robotic adaptation.
Ribosome inactivating proteins of plants. (1991)

Many plant tissues produce single chain proteins which can enzymatically remove a specific adenine residue from ribosomal RNA. Although these proteins are potently toxic to isolated ribosomes, they are non-toxic to intact cells, being unable to gain access to their ribosomal substrate. In certain plants however, the gene for the ribosome inactivating protein has fused with a gene encoding a galactose-specific lectin. This generates heterodimeric proteins which can bind to and enter target cells, and which are among the most potent cytotoxins known.
Nicotinamide inhibits nitric oxide synthase mRNA induction in activated macrophages (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent mediator involved in many biological functions including inflammation and non-specific immunity. Murine macrophages possess the prototype of high-output NO synthase which is not constitutively expressed but induced within a few hours by immunological stimuli. In this study, we explored the possibility of controlling the activity of the inducible NO synthase by interfering with the transduction signal which triggers its induction, in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. We found that nicotinamide, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation, prevented NO synthase induction in RAW 264.7 cells after stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, the level of NO synthase mRNA was measured by Northern-blot analysis and we found that nicotinamide prevents expression of NO synthase mRNA in IFN-gamma- and LPS-stimulated cells. Nicotinamide was also found to inhibit other macrophage functions expressed in response to IFN-gamma, i.e. tumour necrosis factor secretion and the expression of the Ia antigen of the major histocompatibility complex. Analysis of the pattern of ADP-ribosylated proteins revealed that nicotinamide as well as cholera toxin prevented the ADP-ribosylation of a 107-117 kDa protein found constitutively ADP-ribosylated in stimulated and non-stimulated macrophage extracts. Together, our results indicate ADP-ribosylation as a crucial point of the signalling pathway which leads to NO synthase mRNA induction.
Fibrosing Alveolitis Associated with Systemic Sclerosis Has a Better Prognosis Than Lone Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis (1994)

Fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (FASSc) is considered to be histologically and radiologically indistinguishable from lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA). To date, the natural history of the two diseases has not been compared directly in large groups of patients followed at a single institution. We evaluated the survival of 205 patients with CFA and 68 patients with FASSc. Deaths during the follow-up period were reported in 142 patients with CFA (70%) and in 11 patients with FASSc (16%). Unadjusted survival from the onset of dyspnea was less in CFA than in FASSc (odds ratio, 3.3; p < 0.001); this difference persisted after adjustment for age of onset of dyspnea and smoking history. Survival from presentation was less in CFA (odds ratio approximately 3.3) after adjustment for age of presentation, smoking history, and initial pulmonary function indices. These differences persisted when analysis was confined to patients with histologic confirmation of fibrosing alveolitis and after adjustment for treatment. In patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, survival was less in CFA after adjustment for extent of abnormal lung on CT and CT pattern of disease (odds ratio, 3.9; p < 0.001). These findings indicate that despite their histologic and radiologic similarities, lone CFA and FASSc have different courses.
Immunotherapy of a human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7-expressing tumour by administration of fusion protein comprisingMycobacterium bovisbacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) hsp65 and HPV16 E7 (2000)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection has been linked to the development of cervical and anal dysplasia and cancer. One hallmark of persistent infection is the synthesis of the viral E7 protein in cervical epithelial cells. The expression of E7 in dysplastic and transformed cells and its recognition by the immune system as a foreign antigen make it an ideal target for immunotherapy. Utilizing the E7-expressing murine tumour cell line, TC-1, as a model of cervical carcinoma, an immunotherapy based on the administration of an adjuvant-free fusion protein comprising Mycobacterium bovis BCG heat shock protein (hsp)65 linked to HPV16 E7 (hspE7) has been developed. The data show that prophylactic immunization with hspE7 protects mice against challenge with TC-1 cells and that these tumour-free animals are also protected against re-challenge with TC-1 cells. In addition, therapeutic immunization with hspE7 induces regression of palpable tumours, confers protection against tumour re-challenge and is associated with long-term survival (> 253 days). In vitro analyses indicated that immunization with hspE7 leads to the induction of a Th1-like cell-mediated immune response based on the pattern of secreted cytokines and the presence of cytolytic activity following antigenic recall. In vivo studies using mice with targeted mutations in CD8 or MHC class II or depleted of CD8 or CD4 lymphocyte subsets demonstrate that tumour regression following therapeutic hspE7 immunization is CD8-dependent and CD4-independent. These studies extend previous observations on the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by hsp fusion proteins and are consistent with the clinical application of hspE7 as an immunotherapy for human cervical and anal dysplasia and cancer.
Thermal conductivity measurements of thin-film silicon dioxide (2003)

Measurements of the thermal conductivity of micrometer-thick films of silicon dioxide are reported for the first time. Results show that the thermal conductivity is much lower than the values reported for bulk specimens, decreases with increasing temperature, and decreases with decreasing film thickness. This means that heating effects may be much larger than expected in accelerated stress tests and in other cases where joule heating can be a concern.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Local OPG Gene Transfer to Periodontal Tissue Inhibits Orthodontic Tooth Movement (2004)

Previously, we discovered that RANKL expression is induced in compressed periodontal ligament cells, and that this promotes osteoclastogenesis on the compression side in orthodontic tooth movement. We hypothesized that local OPG gene transfer to the periodontium would neutralize the RANKL activity induced by mechanical compressive force, thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and diminishing tooth movement. The upper first molars of six-week-old male Wistar rats were moved palatally by means of a fixed-orthodontic wire. A mouse OPG expression plasmid [pcDNA3.1(+)-mOPG] was constructed, and the production of functional OPG protein was confirmed in vitro. The inactivated HVJ envelope vector containing pcDNA3.1(+)-mOPG or PBS was injected periodically into the palatal periodontal tissue of upper first molars. When this local OPG gene transfer was performed, OPG production was induced, and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited. Local OPG gene transfer significantly diminished tooth movement. In this study, we report that OPG gene transfer to periodontal tissue inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and inhibited experimental tooth movement.
TAK1 regulates caspase 8 activation and necroptotic signaling via multiple cell death checkpoints (2016)

Necroptosis has emerged as a new form of programmed cell death implicated in a number of pathological conditions such as ischemic injury, neurodegenerative disease, and viral infection. Recent studies indicate that TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is nodal regulator of necroptotic cell death, although the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Here we reported that TAK1 regulates necroptotic signaling as well as caspase 8-mediated apoptotic signaling through both NFκB-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Inhibition of TAK1 promoted TNFα-induced cell death through the induction of RIP1 phosphorylation/activation and necrosome formation. Further, inhibition of TAK1 triggered two caspase 8 activation pathways through the induction of RIP1-FADD-caspase 8 complex as well as FLIP cleavage/degradation. Mechanistically, our data uncovered an essential role for the adaptor protein TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain (TRADD) in caspase 8 activation and necrosome formation triggered by TAK1 inhibition. Moreover, ablation of the deubiqutinase CYLD prevented both apoptotic and necroptotic signaling induced by TAK1 inhibition. Finally, blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway prevented the degradation of key pro-survival signaling proteins and necrosome formation. Thus, we identified new regulatory mechanisms underlying the critical role of TAK1 in cell survival through regulation of multiple cell death checkpoints. Targeting key components of the necroptotic pathway (e.g., TRADD and CYLD) and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may represent novel therapeutic strategies for pathological conditions driven by necroptosis.
Dynamic Tracking of Information Flow Signatures for Security Checking (2007)

Memory-based attacks represent one of the largest attack classes in the field. Many techniques have been proposed to protect applications from certain classes of memory exploits, however, few of these techniques can protect the application from all memory attacks, and few permit the protection of only select variables. We present a technique to provide protection of select variables from a wide range of memory attacks. The protection is provided by computing the dependence tree of each critical variable, ensuring that no variable or instruction within the dependence tree is corrupted by utilizing hardware supported runtime checks. We evaluate the technique using software based emulation. 1.
Sacral versus pudendal nerve stimulation for voiding dysfunction: A prospective, single‐blinded, randomized, crossover trial (2005)

This is the first blinded study of sacral versus pudendal stimulation for voiding dysfunction. Successful implantation of a pudendal lead was achieved in all subjects. The majority of subjects chose PNS to be superior to SNS. More patients and longer term data is needed to confirm these promising results.
Priming of Strong, Broad, and Long-Lived HIV Type 1 p55 gag -Specific CD8 + Cytotoxic T Cells after Administration of a Virus-Like Particle Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques (2000)

Despite advances in the clinical management of HIV infection, using combinations of antiretroviral pharmaceuticals, a safe and efficacious vaccine is needed to limit the AIDS pandemic. It is now thought that an effective HIV-1 vaccine should prime both cross-neutralizing antibodies and long-lasting cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognizing multiple codominant HIV-1 epitopes. To that end, many novel vaccine strategies have been tested. However, only a few of these strategies, beside those relying on live-attenuated viruses, are able to prime strong CTL responses in nonhuman primates and humans. In this study, three rhesus macaques were immunized with HIV-1 p55gag virus-like particles (VLPs) in the absence of adjuvant to assess the potential of such a vaccine to prime CTL responses. After intramuscular injection of p55gag VLP, all three animals mounted CTL responses against HIV-1 p55gag. Notably, these CTLs primed by vaccination recognized naturally processed peptides and were long lived (>8.5 months) both in the peripheral blood and draining lymph node. Furthermore, these CTLs were directed against multiple HIV-1 p55gag epitopes. This indicated that immunization with p55gag VLP primes strong MHC class I-restricted, CD8+ cell-mediated immune responses and suggested that HIV-1 p55gag VLPs should be a reasonable vaccine candidate, when combined with strategies priming cross-neutralizing antibodies.
A2 T cell subsets and T cell-mediated immunity (2011)

T CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY is an adaptive process of developing antigen (Ag)-specific T LYMPHOCYTES to eliminate viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections or malignant cells. T CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY can also involve aberrant recognition of self-Ag, leading to autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The Ag SPECIFICITY of T LYMPHOCYTES is based on recognition through the T CELL RECEPTOR (TCR) of unique antigenic peptides presented by MHC molecules on Ag-presenting cells (APC). T CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY is the central element of the adaptive immune system and includes a primary response by naive T cells, effector functions by activated T cells, and persistence of Ag-specific memory T cells. T CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY is part of a complex and coordinated immune response that includes other EFFECTOR CELLS such as MACROPHAGES, NATURAL KILLER CELLS, MAST CELLS, BASOPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, and NEUTROPHILS.
Neuroserpin (2006)

Neuroserpin is a member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors. Tissue distribution analysis reveals a predominantly neuronal expression during the late stages of neurogenesis and, in the adult brain, in areas where synaptic changes are associated with learning and memory (synaptic plasticity). In vitro studies revealed complex formation between neuroserpin and different serine proteases, i.e. tPA, uPA, and plasmin. The neuroserpin-target complex has so far not been characterized in vivo. However, some investigations help to understand the functional role of this serpin. Neuroserpin was shown to be involved in the regulation of the morphology of neuroendocrine cells in culture, possibly by modulating the degradation of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes such as tPA. Moreover, a role of neuroserpin in mood regulation has been deduced from the over- and underexpression of neuroserpin in genetically modified mice, which showed increased anxiety and novelty-induced hypo-locomotion. In pathological conditions of the central nervous system (i.e. stroke and seizures), neuroserpin plays a neuroprotective role, probably by blocking the deleterious effects of tPA. A familial form of a neurodegenerative disease, termed familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies, is caused by point mutations in the neuroserpin gene. This condition is characterized by the intracellular polymerization and accumulation of mutated neuroserpin, leading to neuronal death and dementia.
Self-assembly of DNA-polymer complexes using template polymerization (1998)

The self-assembly of supramolecular complexes of nucleic acids and polymers is of relevance to several biological processes including viral and chromatin formation as well as gene therapy vector design. We now show that template polymerization facilitates condensation of DNA into particles that are <150 nm in diameter. Inclusion of a poly(ethylene glycol)-containing monomer prevents aggregation of these particles. The DNA within the particles remains biologically active and can express foreign genes in cells. The formation or breakage of covalent bonds has until now not been employed to compact DNA into artificial particles.
A cell-free protein synthesis system for high-throughput proteomics (2002)

We report a cell-free system for the high-throughput synthesis and screening of gene products. The system, based on the eukaryotic translation apparatus of wheat seeds, has significant advantages over other commonly used cell-free expression systems. To maximize the yield and throughput of the system, we optimized the mRNA UTRs, designed an expression vector for large-scale protein production, and developed a new strategy to construct PCR-generated DNAs for high-throughput production of many proteins in parallel. The resulting system achieves high-yield expression and can maintain productive translation for 14 days. Additionally, in the integration of a PCR-directed system for template creation, at least 50 genes can be translated in parallel, yielding between 0.1 and 2.3 mg of protein by one person within 2 days. Assessment of correct protein folding by the products of this high-throughput protein-expression system were performed by enzymatic assays of kinases and by NMR spectroscopic analysis. The cell-free system, reported here, bypasses many of the time-consuming cloning steps of conventional expression systems and lends itself to a robotic automation for the high-throughput expression of proteins.
Effect of bile salts on the rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin in rats. (1984)

The rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin in the presence of various bile salts, such as dehydrocholate, dihydroxycholate, trihydroxycholate, and their glycine and taurine conjugates, was investigated using the in situ rat rectal loop method. A marked but variable absorptionpromoting effect was observed with dihydroxycholate, whereas trihydroxy and triketo bile salts did not enhance the rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin. These results suggest that the promoting efficacy of bile salts for rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin depends upon their chemical structures and/or their physicochemical properties. Solubilizing activity, hemolytic activity, lipophilicity and calcium ion sequestration capacity of the bile salts were measured in vitro, and the relations between promoting efficacy and physicochemical properties were investigated. The bile salts having higher hemolytic activity, higher lipophilicity, and higher values of lipophilicity (Rm value)×calcium ion sequestration capacity showed higher promoting effects on rectal absorption of sodium ampicillin.
In vivo Editing of the Human Mutant Rhodopsin Gene by Electroporation of Plasmid-based CRISPR/Cas9 in the Mouse Retina (2016)

The bacterial CRISPR/Cas system has proven to be an efficient tool for genetic manipulation in various organisms. Here we show the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to edit the human Rhodopsin (RHO) gene in a mouse model for autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. We designed single or double sgRNAs to knock-down mutant RHO expression by targeting exon 1 of the RHO gene carrying the P23H dominant mutation. By delivering Cas9 and sgRNAs in a single plasmid we induced an efficient gene editing in vitro, in HeLa cells engineered to constitutively express the P23H mutant RHO allele. Similarly, after subretinal electroporation of the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid expressing two sgRNAs into P23H RHO transgenic mice, we scored specific gene editing as well as significant reduction of the mutant RHO protein. Successful in vivo application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system confirms its efficacy as a genetic engineering tool in photoreceptor cells.
Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib (2006)

A secondary T790M mutation of EGFR accounted for half the tumors with acquired resistance to gefitinib in Japanese patients. Other drug-resistant secondary mutations are uncommon in the EGFR gene.
Detection of influenza A virus by RT-PCR and standard methods in experimental infection of Ducks. (2005)

Cloacal swabs collected from mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with a H7N1 avian influenza strain were examined by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the influenza A virus. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was compared with standard methods: inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs and inoculation of three established cell lines: Newborn Swine Kidney cells, Newborn Pig Trachea cells and Madine Darby Canine Kidney cells. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed using a set of primers based on conserved regions of the matrix and nucleoprotein genes.
Human minor histocompatibility antigens: new concepts for marrow transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy (1997)

Summary: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the present treatment for hematological malignancies, Two major drawbacks of allogeneic BMT are graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and leukemia relapse. The use of HLA‐matched siblings as marrow donors results in the best transplant outcome. Nonetheless, the results of clinical BMT reveal that the selection of MHC‐identical donors'bone marrow (BM) is no guarantee for avoiding GVHD or ensuring disease‐free survival even when donor and recipient are closely related. It is believed that non‐MHC‐encoded so‐called minor histocompatibility antigens (mHag) are involved in both graft‐versus‐host and graft‐versus‐leukemia activities. The recent new insights into the chemical nature of mHag not only reveal their physiological function but, more importantly, provide insights into their rule in BMT. Together with the information on the human mHag genetics and tissue distribution gathered in the past, we may now apply this knowledge to the benefit of human BMT. Directly relevant is the utility of mHag molecular typing for diagnostics in BM donor selection. Most promising is the use of mHag‐specific cytotoxic T cells for adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia.