gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of therapeutic efficacy and fate of engineered human mesenchymal stem cells for cancer therapy (2009)

The poor prognosis of patients with aggressive and invasive cancers combined with toxic effects and short half-life of currently available treatments necessitate development of more effective tumor selective therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as novel cell-based delivery agents; however, a thorough investigation addressing their therapeutic potential and fate in different cancer models is lacking. In this study, we explored the engineering potential, fate, and therapeutic efficacy of human MSCs in a highly malignant and invasive model of glioblastoma. We show that engineered MSC retain their "stem-like" properties, survive longer in mice with gliomas than in the normal brain, and migrate extensively toward gliomas. We also show that MSCs are resistant to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) and, when engineered to express secreted recombinant TRAIL, induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in established glioma cell lines as well as CD133-positive primary glioma cells in vitro. Using highly malignant and invasive human glioma models and employing real-time imaging with correlative neuropathology, we demonstrate that MSC-delivered recombinant TRAIL has profound anti-tumor effects in vivo. This study demonstrates the efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic MSC in preclinical glioma models and forms the basis for developing stem cell-based therapies for different cancers.
Review on the Current Status of Magnesium Smelting (2008)

ABSTRACT It is to review the present status of magnesium smelting. Raw materials of magnesium, worldwide production and producer of metallic magnesium, Korean magnesium market and some important extraction technologies were reviewed. The magnesium extraction technology was described according to the two major reduction methods: the fused salt electrolysis and the thermal reduction method. Also, a study on the extraction of magnesium from magnesite which has been being carried out at KIGAM was briefly introduced with discussing the related topics on the recycling of the by-products generated in the process.
Wireless broadband applications: the teleservice model and adaptive QoS provisioning (1999)

This article presents a teleservice model for wireless broadband applications based on an adaptive QoS paradigm. According to this, a multimedia broadband application is considered as a set of hierarchically ordered adaptable media streams, which accept varying degrees of network-level guarantees, depending on dynamic resource changes and user preferences. Some algorithms that match the proposed paradigm are designed for call and mobility management. Their performance is analyzed in a mobile multitier cellular system, including the satellite component.
Chimeric Melatonin mt1 and Melatonin-related Receptors (2000)

Melatonin receptors bind and become activated by melatonin. The melatonin-related receptor, despite sharing considerable amino acid sequence identity with melatonin receptors, does not bind melatonin and is currently an orphan G protein-coupled receptor. To investigate the structure and function of both receptors, we engineered a series of 14 chimeric receptor constructs, allowing us to determine the relative contribution of each transmembrane domain to ligand binding and receptor function. Results identified that when sequences encoding transmembrane domains 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 of the melatonin mt(1) receptor were replaced by the corresponding domains of the melatonin-related receptor, the resultant chimeric receptors all displayed specific 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding. Replacement of sequences incorporating transmembrane domains 4 or 6, however, resulted in chimeric receptors that displayed no detectable 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding. The subsequent testing of a "reverse" chimeric receptor in which sequences encoding transmembrane domains 4 and 6 of the melatonin-related receptor were replaced by the corresponding melatonin mt(1) receptor sequences identified specific 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding and melatonin-mediated modulation of cyclic AMP levels. To further investigate these findings, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on residues within transmembrane domain 6 of the melatonin mt(1) receptor. This identified Gly(258) (Gly(6.55)) as a critical residue required for high affinity ligand binding and receptor function.
Research on the Modulation Phase Distortion Error Character of Y Wave-Guide in Fiber Optic Gyroscope (2008)

Y wave-guide is an essential component in the close-loop interference fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) system. The application of Y wave-guide in IFOG enables FOG to have high scale factor linearity and has significantly improved scale factor stability and repeatability. The main function of Y wave-guide is polarizing, coupling and modulating the phase. Phase modulated includes double hands in IFOG. On one hand, the pi/2 phase is biased by square waves, and on the other hand, ladder waves is used to compensate Sagnac phase. In fact, both square waves and ladder waves have very high frequency, including multiple harmonic waves and easily being disturbed. The signal quality of square waves and ladder waves have great effect on drift and zero-bias of the IFOG. Focusing on different phase error factors in Y wave-guide, it makes modulation signals to be best state by adopting corresponding means to restrain and insulate error sources based on theoretical analysis of modulation phase distortion error character in IFOG. The result of measurement shows that modulation phase distortion error is degreased distinctly after improving the signal quality of square waves and ladder waves, and meets the demand of high precision of IFOG.
Coordinate genetic regulation of glycogen catabolism and biosynthesis in Escherichia coli via the CsrA gene product (1996)

The carbon storage regulator gene, csrA, encodes a factor which negatively modulates the expression of the glycogen biosynthetic gene glgC by enhancing the decay of its mRNA (M. Y. Liu, H. Yang, and T. Romeo, J. Bacteriol. 177:2663-2672, 1995). When endogenous glycogen levels in isogenic csrA+ and csrA::kanR strains were quantified during the growth curve, both the rate of glycogen accumulation during late exponential or early stationary phase and its subsequent rate of degradation were found to be greatly accelerated by the csrA::kanR mutation. The expression of the biosynthetic genes glgA (glycogen synthase) and glgS was observed to be negatively modulated via csrA. Thus, csrA is now known to control all of the known glycogen biosynthetic genes (glg), which are located in three different operons. Similarly, the expression of the degradative enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which is encoded by glgY, was found to be negatively regulated via csrA in vivo. The in vitro transcription-translation of glgY was also specifically inhibited by the purified CsrA gene product. These results demonstrate that localization of glycogen biosynthetic and degradative genes within the Escherichia coli glgCAY operon facilitates their coordinate genetic regulation, as previously hypothesized (T. Romeo, A. Kumar, and J. Preiss, Gene 70:363-376, 1988). The csrA gene did not affect glycogen debranching enzyme, which is now shown to be encoded by the gene glgX.
A Study on the Improvement of Interoperability Construction Process (2014)

Interoperability in the BIM construction information is the information management technology, which allows user to control and effectively use construction's lots of information that occur and disappear through construction life cycle. And it is information interchange through accurate and rapid decision-making to get the participants' wanted value. In this study, we will present plan to improve productivity and quality through effective BIM operation. And we will present improvement plan after deduce existing process's problem.
Optimization of Holographic PDLC for Green (2001)

Abstract Reflective holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals(HPDLC) have been fabricated by irradiating Ar-ion laser(λ=514 nm) of various intensities on LC/monomer mixtures sandwiched between two ITO coated glass plates. Gratings were written for various monomer compositions and laser intensities. UV-visible spectra have been analyzed. Eventually, reflective efficiency-irradiation intensity-monomer composition relationships have been obtained.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. (1996)

A total of 386 patients who underwent complete resection of hepatocellular carcinoma over an 8-year period were assessed retrospectively for tumour recurrence. Some 219 (56.7 per cent) of the patients developed recurrence. Patients with a greater degree of cirrhosis showed a longer interval to recurrence; the median (range) interval until recurrence was 7.9 (1.8-84.2) months in patients with a normal liver, 13.4 (2.0-79.5) months in those with chronic hepatitis and 16.7 (1.5-73.1) months in those with cirrhosis. Intrahepatic recurrence was observed more frequently in either the same (26.4 per cent) or the adjacent (24.8 per cent) Healey segment than in the lobe contralateral to the primary tumour (17.8 per cent). The presence of portal venous invasion and/or intrahepatic metastasis, underlying liver cirrhosis and perioperative blood transfusion were determined to be independent predictors of recurrence by multivariate analysis. Because intrahepatic spread of hepatocellular carcinoma occurs in a segment-by-segment manner, surgeons should use an anatomically wide resection within the hepatic functional reserve.
A conserved C-terminal sequence that is deleted in v-ErbA is essential for the biological activities of c-ErbA (the thyroid hormone receptor). (1993)

The thyroid hormone (T3) receptor type alpha, the c-ErbA alpha proto-oncoprotein, stimulates transcription of T3-dependent promoters, interferes with AP-1 activity, and induces erythroid differentiation in a ligand-dependent manner. The v-ErbA oncoprotein does not bind hormone and has lost all of these activities. Using c-ErbA/v-ErbA chimeras, we found that a deletion of 9 amino acids, conserved among many members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which are located at the extreme carboxy terminus of c-ErbA alpha is responsible for loss of both transactivation and transcriptional interference activities. Single, double, and triple amino acid substitutions within this region completely abolished T3-dependent transcriptional activation, interference with AP-1 activity, and decreased T3 binding by c-ErbA alpha. However, the lower T3 binding by these mutants does not fully account for the loss of transactivation and transcriptional interference, since a c-ErbA/v-ErbA chimera which was similarly reduced in T3 binding activity has retained both of these functions. Deletion of homologous residues in the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) resulted in a similar loss of transactivation and transcriptional interference activities. The ability of c-ErbA alpha to induce differentiation of transformed erythroblasts is also impaired by all of the mutations introduced into the conserved carboxy-terminal sequence. We conclude that this 9-amino-acid conserved region is essential for normal biological function of c-ErbA alpha and RAR alpha and possibly other T3 and RA receptors.
Reducing the Infectivity of Blood Components What we Have Learned (1995)

The safety of the nation's blood supply has improved over the last several years as a result of more intensive donor screening and viral testing. Concurrently, there has been more judicious use of blood components. Although the risk is small, transmission of blood borne viruses, bacteria and parasites can occur. Investigators have studied a myriad of processes for pathogen depletion and/or inactivation, including the use of chemicals, extended storage, filtration, heating, irradiation, photochemicals and washing. Pasteurization, methylene blue and solvent-detergent processes have been introduced in parts of Europe for improving the safety of plasma used for transfusion. The FDA is reviewing a license application for the solvent-detergent process. For red cells, use of highly efficient leukodepletion filters is believed to be equivalent to antibody testing for the prevention of CMV disease transmission. Otherwise, no successful treatments have yet been identified for red cells or platelets. Several photochemicals, which may be useful for treating these components, are being studied. However, there appear to be trade-offs between the extent of pathogen inactivation, platelet or red cell damage, and genotoxicity. These as well as other biological parameters and operational issues will need to be further evaluated before implementation can be considered.
Protection Induced in Mice Vaccinated with Recombinant Collagen‐Binding Protein (CnBP) and Alpha‐Toxoid against Intramammary Infection with Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

Mice vaccinated with a combination of two Staphylococcus aureus antigens consisting of a recombinant collagen-binding protein (CnBP) and alpha-toxoid (alpha-toxoid) were significantly protected from intramammary challenge infection with S. aureus. The average number of bacteria recovered from the glands of mice vaccinated with the combination of CnBP/alpha-toxoid was significantly lower compared to the average number of bacteria recovered from the glands of mice vaccinated with only CnBP or alpha-toxoid or controls (P< or =0.01). Histopathological examination of mammary glands of mice vaccinated with CnBP together with alpha-toxoid showed no pathological changes, whereas glands of mice vaccinated with CnBP or alpha-toxoid alone developed severe mastitis and showed both focal and disseminated necrosis.
Recurrent Additive Networks (2017)

We introduce recurrent additive networks (RANs), a new gated RNN which is distinguished by the use of purely additive latent state updates. At every time step, the new state is computed as a gated component-wise sum of the input and the previous state, without any of the non-linearities commonly used in RNN transition dynamics. We formally show that RAN states are weighted sums of the input vectors, and that the gates only contribute to computing the weights of these sums. Despite this relatively simple functional form, experiments demonstrate that RANs perform on par with LSTMs on benchmark language modeling problems. This result shows that many of the non-linear computations in LSTMs and related networks are not essential, at least for the problems we consider, and suggests that the gates are doing more of the computational work than previously understood.
Redundant array of inexpensive servers (RAIS) for on-demand multimedia services (2002)

Previously, we considered the design and implementation of a server array system for delivering video-on-demand service on a computer network. Data blocks are striped across an array of autonomous servers, and each client station contacts the servers one by one to retrieve blocks for constructing its own video stream. The server array approach has the benefits of (1) scalable storage capacity and throughput, and (2) load sharing across the servers. In this paper, we study fault-tolerance issues in a server array system and propose the notion of redundant array of inexpensive servers (RAIS), which is a server-level counterpart to redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID). While some concepts from RAID may be applicable, we show that RAIS faces new challenges as failure detection and recovery are handled by network protocols, subjecting to error, loss, non-deterministic delay, and bandwidth limitation. Through an implementation of RAIS for delivering multimedia world-wide-web services, we show that (1) server-level fault tolerance can be achieved, (2) continuous playback of video and audio can be maintained in spite of server failures, and (3) graceful service degradation can be implemented using our object striping scheme.
Differentiation of a Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Strain from North American Field Strains by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of ORF 5 (1998)

The suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for differentiating a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine strain from other North American field strains was investigated. Open reading frame 5 nucleotide sequence data of the vaccine virus, its parent strain VR-2332, and 22 other strains of PRRSV included in this study indicated that 3 restriction enzyme gel patterns characterize the vaccine virus and the parent strain genotype. The combined 3 RFLP patterns differentiate the vaccine and parent virus from other PRRSV strains. This test will be a valuable tool in epidemiologic studies and will be useful in identifying individual strains in cases of multistrain PRRSV infections.
Vision-aided inertial navigation on an uncertain map using a particle filter (2009)

This paper presents a vision-based navigation solution for unmanned aircraft operations on airfield surfaces in GPS-denied environments. The unmanned aircraft system ground operations management system (UGOMS) described here combines measurements from a computer vision system and inertial sensors with an airport layout database to provide real-time position determination on the airfield surface. UGOMS provides both absolute position of the aircraft as well as relative position to airport surface elements such as runway hold lines and taxiway edges. The key technical components of UGOMS are computer vision algorithms that classify image regions, Markov localization using particle filters, and a navigation architecture which incorporates the localization information. An overview of the overall UGOMS architecture is presented as well as preliminary test results using an uncertain airfield map to highlight the performance capabilities of the system.
The β2-microglobulin dissociation rate is an accurate measure of the stability of MHC class I heterotrimers and depends on which peptide is bound (1992)

Stable, recombinant, water-soluble complexes of HLA-A2 and HLA-B27 were reconstituted from 125I-labeled beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), a synthetic peptide, and HLA H chain fragments expressed as inclusion bodies in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm. Using this system, we were able to show: 1) the t1/2 of beta 2m dissociation from HLA complexes at 37 degrees C varied from approximately 40 h to less than 1 h, depending on the peptide employed for reconstitution. Peptide length and composition were found to be critical factors in determining the beta 2m dissociation rate. Endogenous peptides form complexes that are about as stable as those formed with typical antigenic peptides. 2) Peptide exchange reactions, in which an exogenous peptide replaces the peptide that is already bound by the class I molecule, proceed readily for complexes that have rapid beta 2m dissociation rates. Thus, difficulties in demonstrating peptide binding to complexes that contain endogenous peptides can be attributed to the stability of the endogenous peptide/class I molecule complex. 3) The peptide exchange reaction does not require concomitant beta 2m dissociation. 4) Distal parts of the class I molecule, which are not directly involved in peptide binding or beta 2m binding, have a major impact on the stability of class I molecules. Thus, these studies show that the dissociation rate of beta 2m is an excellent measure of how tightly a given peptide binds to class I MHC molecules, that the ability to bind peptide is tightly coupled to the binding of beta 2m and vice versa, and that regions of the molecule distal from the binding site influence the stability of peptide binding.
Combining partial order alignment and progressive multiple sequence alignment increases alignment speed and scalability to very large alignment problems (2004)

The POA source code is available at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/poa
Conceptually New Sulfone Analogues of the Hormone 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3:  Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation (1999)

A conceptually new series of vitamin D(3)-like nonfluorinated and fluorinated 16-ene side chain tert-butyl sulfones 3-7 has been synthesized. Even though these novel C,D-ring side chain analogues of the hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,1,25D(3)) lack a terminal OH group, thought previously to be essential for high biological activity, they are highly antiproliferative and, in several cases, transcriptionally active in vitro but desirably noncalcemic in vivo. The side chain sulfone group may be binding to the nVDR as a hydrogen-bond acceptor, in contrast to the hydrogen-bond donor function of the 25-OH group of natural 1,25D(3).
Something new in power technology (1993)

The use of compressed-air energy storage (CAES), in which off-peak electricity is used to compress air and store it in a cavern underground, is described. To supply electricity during peak load, the compressed air is released to a combuster where it mixes with oil or gas. The operation of the 110-MW McIntosh plant of the Alabama Electric Cooperative is explained. The fact that three-fourths of the area of the US contains potential sites for CAES power plants, together with the excellent performance of the McIntosh plant, makes CAES a leading candidate for energy storage in the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fluoropolymers for 157-nm lithography: optical properties from VUV absorbance and ellipsometry measurements (2000)

With the introduction of 157 nm as the next optical lithography wavelength, the need for new pellicle and photoresist materials optimized for this wavelength has produced much activity in optical characterization of thin film materials. Here we focus on ultra transparent fluoropolymers for 157 nm pellicle applications where absorbances below 0.01/micrometers are necessary to achieve transmissions above 98 percent. Transmission-based absorbance/micrometers measurements performed using VUV spectroscopy are characterized by rapid turn-around time, and are essential during the materials design and screening phase of a new materials development program. Once suitable candidate materials families have been identified for development into 157 nm pellicles, VUV ellipsometry becomes essential to model the film structure, characterize the complex index of refraction, and to tune the pellicle's etalon design. Comparison of VUV absorbance measurements of fluoropolymer thin films on CaF<SUB>2</SUB> substrates with VUV ellipsometry measurements of the same polymers on silicon substrates demonstrates some of the artifacts in, and helps define the accuracy of transmission based absorbance measurements. Fresnel interference fringes can produce transmission oscillations that can lead to underestimation, or even negative values, of the film absorbance. Film thickness nonuniformity can serve to reduce the Fresnel interference fringes, leading to reduce variation in the apparent 157 nm absorbance for micrometers thick films. VUV ellipsometry coupled with Fresnel analysis of the thin film/substrate system formally takes into consideration all of these optical artifacts, while at the same time determining the complex index of refraction of the materials. Using VUV ellipsometry and Fresnel analysis, the absorbance values do not show the large apparent oscillations, the film thickness is directly determined in the measurement, and film microstructure is also modeled. We have identified ultra transparent fluoropolymers which have 157 nm absorbances below 0.01/micrometers . These materials have the appropriate optical properties for use as 157 nm pellicles with greater than 98 percent transmission. This is an important for the development of 157 nm lithography, since the lack of a 157nm pellicle has been identified as a critical path issue.