gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CubeCover– Parameterization of 3D Volumes (2011)

Abstract Despite the success of quad‐based 2D surface parameterization methods, effective parameterization algorithms for 3D volumes with cubes, i.e. hexahedral elements, are still missing. C ube C over is a first approach for generating a hexahedral tessellation of a given volume with boundary aligned cubes which are guided by a frame field. The input of C ube C over is a tetrahedral volume mesh. First, a frame field is designed with manual input from the designer. It guides the interior and boundary layout of the parameterization. Then, the parameterization and the hexahedral mesh are computed so as to align with the given frame field. C ube C over has similarities to the Q uad C over algorithm and extends it from 2D surfaces to 3D volumes. The paper also provides theoretical results for 3D hexahedral parameterizations and analyses topological properties of the appropriate function space.
Conductive keratoplasty for the correction of hyperopia. (2001)

One-year data show safety and efficacy of CK in the treatment of hyperopia. Changes in residual refractive error after CK appeared to be small, suggesting that a stable refraction could be achieved by 6 months.
Gastroduodenal tolerability of highly specific cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. (1996)

Inhibition of constitutively expressed cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1) by NSAIDs is thought to play an important role is the gastrointestinal toxicity of NSAIDs. To minimise the intestinal toxicity of NSAIDS, highly selective COX-2 (induced at inflammatory sites) inhibitors have been developed. One such is flosulide. We assessed the gastroduodenal tolerability of flosulide (20 mg twice a day) in man and compared it with that of naproxen (500 mg twice a day) in a randomised, double blind crossover fashion in 19 patients with osteoarthrosis. Treatment period was 2 weeks with a 2-week washout period with endoscopy before and after each treatment. Gastroduodenal damage was assessed as by Lanza (Grades 0-4) and by the Gastroscopic Rating Scale (Grades 0-9). Flosulide was significantly better tolerated (p < 0.005, analyses of deviance) than naproxen. No stomach damage was seen in 13 (68%) patients following flosulide and 5 (37%) following naproxen (p < 0.001). Lanza scores following flosulide (0.58) were significantly better than that of naproxen (1.47) (p < 0.001). The duodenal damage was mild with both treatments. The selective COX-2 inhibitor, flosulide, is significantly better tolerated and causes less gastric mucosal damage than naproxen when given for two weeks.
Conservation of the Chk1 Checkpoint Pathway in Mammals: Linkage of DNA Damage to Cdk Regulation Through Cdc25 (1997)

In response to DNA damage, mammalian cells prevent cell cycle progression through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. A human gene was identified that encodes the protein Chk1, a homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Chk1 protein kinase, which is required for the DNA damage checkpoint. Human Chk1 protein was modified in response to DNA damage. In vitro Chk1 bound to and phosphorylated the dual-specificity protein phosphatases Cdc25A, Cdc25B, and Cdc25C, which control cell cycle transitions by dephosphorylating cyclin-dependent kinases. Chk1 phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine-216. As shown in an accompanying paper by Peng et al. in this issue, serine-216 phosphorylation creates a binding site for 14-3-3 protein and inhibits function of the phosphatase. These results suggest a model whereby in response to DNA damage, Chk1 phosphorylates and inhibits Cdc25C, thus preventing activation of the Cdc2-cyclin B complex and mitotic entry.
Direct Intense Pulsed Light Sintering of Inkjet-Printed Copper Oxide Layers within Six Milliseconds (2014)

We demonstrate intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering of inkjet-printed CuO layers on a primer-coated porous PET substrate to convert the electrically insulating CuO into conductive Cu. With this approach, conductive layers are obtained in less than 1 s after the printing process. The IPL sintering was performed for high productivity with minimum duration and repetition of IPL irradiation to evaluate the effect of pulse number and energy output on the conductivity and morphology of the sintered Cu layers. Depending on the energy output, sheet resistances were measured as 0.355, 0.131, and 0.121 Ω·□(-1) by exposure energy of 5.48 (single pulse), 7.03 (double pulse), and 7.48 J·cm(-2) (triple pulse), respectively. In contrast, an excessive energy with relatively short pulse duration causes a delamination of the Cu layer. The lowest resistivity of about 55.4 nΩ·m (corresponds to about 30% conductivity of bulk Cu) was obtained by an IPL sintering process of 0.26 s after the printing, which was composed of 2 ms triple pulses with 10 Hz frequency.
Morphological studies on periodontal disease in the cynomolgus monkey (1986)

Electron microscopic observations were made on naturally occurring gingivitis, on gingivitis at non‐ligated sites of an experimental animal, and on ligature‐induced periodontitis in a periodontal disease model using female cynomolgus monkeys. For both types of gingivitis specimens, a plaque associated chronic inflammatory reaction was observed, comparable to that described for the human established lesion. Bacterial accumulations on tooth surfaces were separated from the epithelium by neutrophils which exhibited variations in fine structure and extent of bacterial phagocytosis related to their proximity to the plaque. In the inflamed connective tissue of the papillae, collagen was reduced to strands extending between the cellular elements. The plasma cell was the most common inflammatory cell and had three major variations in form. With ligature‐induced periodontitis, similar inflammatory features were observed in the gingiva. A complex flora like that encountered in human periodontitis was observed around and within the ligature as well as more apically in the pocket. As compared to the flora in gingivitis, more spirochetes were encountered, a larger proportion of the microorganisms appeared to be in a living state, and bacteria were in contact with the epithelial surface, rather than being walled off by the neutrophils. This seemingly more aggressive plaque was associated with an advanced lesion characterized by changes that indicated sequential destruction of the collagenous attachment to cementum and concommitant apical migration of the epithelial attachment. No bacteria were observed in the soft tissues, even in the wide intercellular spaces between the epithelial cells.
Simultaneous inhibition of caudal medullary raphe and retrotrapezoid nucleus decreases breathing and the CO 2 response in conscious rats (2006)

The medullary raphe (MR) and the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) in the ventral medulla are two of many central chemoreceptor sites. We examine their combined function in conscious rats by focal inhibition using microdialysis. Inhibition of RTN neurons with the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol, with simultaneous dialysis of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) in or near to the caudal MR, causes hypoventilation (decrease in the ratio of minute ventilation to oxygen consumption, V(E)/V(O2)) and reduces the ventilatory response to 7% CO(2) by 24%. Inhibition of caudal MR serotonergic neurons with the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), with simultaneous dialysis of ACSF in or near to the RTN, causes hypoventilation but has no significant effect on the CO(2) response. Inhibition of both the RTN and the caudal MR simultaneously produces enhanced hypoventilation and a 51% decrease in the CO(2) response. The effects of treatment on the CO(2) response are similar in wakefulness and in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Comparison of the effect of 8-OH-DPAT microdialysed into a more rostral portion of the MR, where the CO(2) response is reduced by 22%, demonstrates heterogeneity within the MR of the function of serotonergic neurons in breathing. We conclude that serotonergic neurons within the caudal MR provide a non-CO(2)-dependent tonic drive to breathe and potentiate the effects of RTN neurons that contribute to a resting chemical 'drive to breathe' as well as the response to added CO(2). These effects of caudal MR serotonergic neurons could be at a chemoreceptor site, e.g. the RTN, or at 'downstream' sites involved in rhythm and pattern generation.
Mutant p53 Gain-of-Function in Cancer (2009)

In its wild-type form, p53 is a major tumor suppressor whose function is critical for protection against cancer. Many human tumors carry missense mutations in the TP53 gene, encoding p53. Typically, the affected tumor cells accumulate excessive amounts of the mutant p53 protein. Various lines of evidence indicate that, in addition to abrogating the tumor suppressor functions of wild-type p53, the common types of cancer-associated p53 mutations also endow the mutant protein with new activities that can contribute actively to various stages of tumor progression and to increased resistance to anticancer treatments. Collectively, these activities are referred to as mutant p53 gain-of-function. This article addresses the biological manifestations of mutant p53 gain-of-function, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and their possible clinical implications.
THE LAMINECTOMY MEMBRANE (1974)

1 . Standard lumbar laminectomy was performed at multiple levels in thirty dogs, and manipulations were carried out in the spinal canal to observe their effects on periradicular adhesion formation. The canal was scarified, packed with Gelfoam, or treated with three varieties of Silastic membranes. The results were serially assessed from three days to twelve weeks by gross observation, nerve conduction studies, histological examination of transverse sections of the spine, myelin study of lumbar roots and micropaque study of the arterial supply to the roots. 2. The results were consistent biologically. The principal source of scar is dorsally in the fibrous tissue elements of the erector spinae muscle mass. This scar, the laminectomy membrane, covers the laminectomy defect and extends into the canal bilaterally to adhere to the dura and nerve roots. 3. Gelfoam does not contribute to scar formation, but instead acts as an effective interposing membrane. Silastic membranes are capable of providing protection against nerve root adhesions without interfering with the anatomical or physiological integrity of the nerves. 4. Certain clinical implications of the study are discussed.
Patterns of Discrepancy over Time as Revealed by a Standard-Score Comparison Formula (1986)

This investigation examined the changes that take place in aptitude and achievement discrepancies of LD students over time. Using a T-score discrepancy formula, four distinct subgroups within the sample were identified and changing patterns of aptitude-achievement discrepancy were associated with each subgroup. Implications for the number and type of students who will eventually receive special educational services are discussed.
Rapid transfer of DNA from agarose gels to nylon membranes (1985)

The unique properties of nylon membranes allow for dramatic improvement in the capillary transfer of DNA restriction fragments from agarose gels (Southern blotting). By using 0.4 M NaOH as the transfer solvent following a short pre-treatment of the gel in acid, DNA is depurinated during transfer. Fragments of all sizes are eluted and retained quantitatively by the membrane; furthermore, the alkaline solvent induces covalent fixation of DNA to the membrane. The saving in time and materials afforded by this simple modification is accompanied by a marked improvement in resolution and a ten-fold increase in sensitivity of subsequent hybridization analyses. In addition, we have found that nylon membrane completely retains native (and denatured) DNA in transfer solvents of low ionic strength (including distilled water), although quantitative elution of DNA from the gel is limited to fragments smaller than 4 Kb. This property can be utilized in the direct electrophoretic transfer of native restriction fragments from polyacrylamide gels. Exposure of DNA to ultraviolet light, either in the gel or following transfer to nylon membrane, reduces its ability to hybridize.
HIGH-PRECISION POSITIONING AND REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING OF UAV-SYSTEMS (2012)

Abstract. Available micro-sized Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the civilian domain currently make use of common GPS receivers and do not address scenarios where high-precision positioning of the UAV is an inevitable requirement. However, for use cases such as creating orthophotos using direct georeferencing, an improved positioning needs to be developed. This article analyses the requirements for integrating Real Time Kinematic positioning into micro-sized UAVs. Additionally, it describes the data processing and synchronisation of the high-precision position data for a workflow of orthorectification of aerial imagery. Preliminary results are described for the use case of precision farming. The described approach for positioning has the potential to achieve a positional accuracy of 1–3 cm, which can be considered as adequate for direct georeferencing of aerial imagery.
Regulation of local host-mediated anti-tumor mechanisms by cytokines: direct and indirect effects on leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. (1997)

The regulation of tumor growth by cytokine-induced alterations in host effector cell recruitment and activation is intimately associated with leukocyte adhesion and angiogenic modulation. In the present study, we have developed a novel tumor model to investigate this complex series of events in response to cytokine administration. Gelatin sponges containing recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhFGFb) and B16F10 melanoma cells were implanted onto the serosal surface of the left lateral hepatic lobe in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The tumor model was characterized by progressive tumor growth initially localized within the sponge and the subsequent development of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Microscopic examination of the sponge matrix revealed well developed tumor-associated vascular structures and areas of endothelial cell activation as evidenced by leukocyte margination. Treatment of mice 3 days after sponge implantation with a therapeutic regimen consisting of pulse recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) combined with recombinant murine interleukin-12 (rmIL-12) resulted in a marked hepatic mononuclear infiltrate and inhibition of tumor growth. In contrast to the control group, sponges from mice treated with rhIL-2/rmIL-12 demonstrated an overall lack of cellularity and vascular structure. The regimen of rhIL-2 in combination with rmIL-12 was equally effective against gelatin sponge implants of rhFGFb/B16F10 melanoma in SCID mice treated with anti-asialo-GM1 in the absence of a mononuclear infiltration, suggesting that T, B, and/or NK cells were not the principal mediators of the anti-tumor response in this tumor model. The absence of vascularity within the sponge after treatment suggests that a potential mechanism of rhIL-2/rmIL-12 anti-tumor activity is the inhibition of neovascular growth associated with the establishment of tumor lesions. This potential mechanism could be dissociated from the known activities of these two cytokines to induce the recruitment and activation of host effector cells. Moreover, this model provides a unique opportunity to study the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) underlying both tumor angiogenesis and leukocyte recruitment to metastatic lesions.
Passive Markers for Tracking Surgical Instruments in Real-Time 3-D Ultrasound Imaging (2011)

A family of passive echogenic markers is presented by which the position and orientation of a surgical instrument can be determined in a 3-D ultrasound volume, using simple image processing. Markers are attached near the distal end of the instrument so that they appear in the ultrasound volume along with the instrument tip. They are detected and measured within the ultrasound image, thus requiring no external tracking device. This approach facilitates imaging instruments and tissue simultaneously in ultrasound-guided interventions. Marker-based estimates of instrument pose can be used in augmented reality displays or for image-based servoing. Design principles for marker shapes are presented that ensure imaging system and measurement uniqueness constraints are met. An error analysis is included that can be used to guide marker design and which also establishes a lower bound on measurement uncertainty. Finally, examples of marker measurement and tracking algorithms are presented along with experimental validation of the concepts.
P‐143: Possibility of Reflective LC Display Using Oxide Semiconductor TFTs as Electronic Paper Display (2010)

Abstract We successfully prototyped a 3.4‐inch QHD PDLCD panel integrally including data and scan drivers of oxide semiconductor TFTs and capable of displaying still images at 0.2 fps, which can be adopted to electronic paper displays. This panel can display both still images and moving images and reduce power consumption.
Technology evaluation: TG-1031, Transgene SA. (2000)

Tumor-associated antigens have considerable promise not only as diagnostic or prognostic markers but also as targets for active or passive immunotherapy. The epithelial mucin MUC1 is a transmembrane molecule which is expressed by most glandular epithelial cells. Transgene has developed VV-MUC1-IL-2 (TG-1031), an antigen-specific therapy, involving the tumor antigen MUC1 and the cytokine IL-2 combined with a vaccinia virus vector. Vaccinia virus vectors have been shown to stimulate a strong immune response to encoded antigens in vivo. This therapy has potential for the treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer and other adenocarcinomas and is currently under investigation in phase I and II trials.
<title>Evolutionary program for the identification of dynamical systems</title> (1997)

Various forms of neural networks have been applied to identification of non-linear dynamical systems. In most of these methods, the network architecture is set prior to training. In this paper, a method that evolves a symbolic solution for plant models is described. This method uses a evolutionary program to manipulate collections of parse trees expressed in a task specific language. Experiments performed on two unknown plants show this method is competitive with those that train neural networks for similar problems.
Virtual Screening and Its Integration with Modern Drug Design Technologies (2008)

Drug discovery is a highly complex and costly process, which demands integrated efforts in several relevant aspects involving innovation, knowledge, information, technologies, expertise, R&D investments and management skills. The shift from traditional to genomics- and proteomics-based drug research has fundamentally transformed key R&D strategies in the pharmaceutical industry addressed to the design of new chemical entities as drug candidates against a variety of biological targets. Therefore, drug discovery has moved toward more rational strategies based on our increasing understanding of the fundamental principles of protein-ligand interactions. The combination of available knowledge of several 3D protein structures with hundreds of thousands of small-molecules have attracted the attention of scientists from all over the world for the application of structure- and ligand-based drug design approaches. In this context, virtual screening technologies have largely enhanced the impact of computational methods applied to chemistry and biology and the goal of applying such methods is to reduce large compound databases and to select a limited number of promising candidates for drug design. This review provides a perspective of the utility of virtual screening in drug design and its integration with other important drug discovery technologies such as high-throughput screening (HTS) and QSAR, highlighting the present challenges, limitations, and future perspectives in medicinal chemistry.
A two-insult in vitro model of PMN-mediated pulmonary endothelial damage: requirements for adherence and chemokine release (2002)

Lysophosphatidylcholines (lyso-PCs), generated during blood storage, are etiologic in a two-insult, sepsis-based model of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). Individually, endotoxin (LPS) and lyso-PCs prime but do not activate neutrophils (PMNs). We hypothesized that priming of PMNs alters their reactivity such that a second priming agent causes PMN activation and endothelial cell damage. PMNs were primed or not with LPS and then treated with lyso-PCs, and oxidase activation and elastase release were measured. For coculture experiments, activation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) was assessed by ICAM-1 expression and chemokine release. HMVECs were stimulated or not with LPS, PMNs were added, cells were incubated with lyso-PCs, and the number of viable HMVECs was counted. Lyso-PCs activated LPS-primed PMNs. HMVEC activation resulted in increased ICAM-1 and release of ENA-78, GRO alpha, and IL-8. PMN-mediated HMVEC damage was dependent on LPS activation of HMVECs, chemokine release, PMN adhesion, and lyso-PC activation of the oxidase. In conclusion, sequential exposure of PMNs to priming agents activates the microbicidal arsenal, and PMN-mediated HMVEC damage was the result of two insults: HMVEC activation and PMN oxidase assembly.
Membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin carrying passenger protein domains (1992)

For diphtheria toxin to be cytotoxic, the enzymatically active part (fragment A) must be translocated to the cytosol. We here demonstrate that additional proteins linked as N-terminal extensions can be translocated along with fragment A across the plasma membrane of toxin-sensitive cells. Thus, an extra fragment A of diphtheria toxin and some of apolipoprotein AI were translocated as passenger proteins along with mutant diphtheria toxin fragment A. Translocation was monitored by the cytotoxic effect of the additional fragment A as well as by the translocation of [35S]methionine-labelled protein to a compartment protected from externally added pronase. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that double A fragments can also be translocated across the membrane of intracellular vesicles. The results demonstrate that the translocation apparatus used for toxin translocation is not limited to a single A fragment but can accommodate additional proteins as well. The fact that proteins as large as 20 kDa can be brought into cells by way of diphtheria toxin under both in vitro and in vivo conditions opens up the possibility of using diphtheria toxin mutants for introducing molecules with biological activity into cells.
Chemistry and in vivo profile of ent-kaurene glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni—An overview (2009)

The ent-kaurene type of diterpenoid glycosides are typically the characteristics of leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, the plant with sweet leaves. Relative to sucrose, the potent sweetness intensities of these glycosides have projected them as cost effective sucrose substitute. In the present paper, the structural and physicochemical features of ent-kaurene glycosides of Stevia along with an insight into the structure-sweetness relationship are presented. Despite their age-old widespread use in several parts of the world, there still remains certain concern regarding safety profile of these glycosides. Henceforth, the pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of ent-kaurene glycosides is reviewed.