gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Recent Advances on the Significance of Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Cancer Therapies (2006)

In this study, we report on recent advances on the functions of embryonic, fetal, and adult stem cell progenitors for tissue regeneration and cancer therapies. We describe new procedures for derivation and maturation of these stem cells into the tissue-specific cell progenitors. The localization of the adult stem cells and their niches, as well as their implication in the tissue repair after injuries and during cancer progression, are also described. The emphasis is on the interactions among certain developmental signaling factors, such as hormones, epidermal growth factor, hedgehog, Wnt/beta-catenin, and Notch. These factors and their pathways are involved in the stringent regulation of the self-renewal and/or differentiation of adult stem cells. Novel strategies for the treatment of both diverse degenerating disorders, by cell replacement, and some metastatic cancer types, by molecular targeting multiple tumorigenic signaling elements in cancer progenitor cells, are also illustrated.
Dicyclic and Tricyclic Diaminopyrimidine Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum Dihydrofolate Reductase: Structure-Activity and Structure-Selectivity Correlations (2001)

A structurally diverse library of 93 lipophilic di- and tricyclic diaminopyrimidine derivatives was tested for the ability to inhibit recombinant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cloned from human and bovine isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum (J. R. Vásquez et al., Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 79:153-165, 1996). In parallel, the library was also tested against human DHFR and, for comparison, the enzyme from Escherichia coli. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were determined by means of a standard spectrophotometric assay of DHFR activity with dihydrofolate and NADPH as the cosubstrates. Of the compounds tested, 25 had IC(50)s in the 1 to 10 microM range against one or both C. parvum enzymes and thus were not substantially different from trimethoprim (IC(50)s, ca. 4 microM). Another 25 compounds had IC(50)s of <1.0 microM, and 9 of these had IC(50)s of <0.1 microM and thus were at least 40 times more potent than trimethoprim. The remaining 42 compounds were weak inhibitors (IC(50)s, >10 microM) and thus were not considered to be of interest as drugs useful against this organism. A good correlation was generally obtained between the results of the spectrophotometric enzyme inhibition assays and those obtained recently in a yeast complementation assay (V. H. Brophy et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1019-1028, 2000; H. Lau et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:187-195, 2001). Although many of the compounds in the library were more potent than trimethoprim, none had the degree of selectivity of trimethoprim for C. parvum versus human DHFR. Collectively, the results of these assays comprise the largest available database of lipophilic antifolates as potential anticryptosporidial agents. The compounds in the library were also tested as inhibitors of the proliferation of intracellular C. parvum oocysts in canine kidney epithelial cells cultured in folate-free medium containing thymidine (10 microM) and hypoxanthine (100 microM). After 72 h of drug exposure, the number of parasites inside the cells was quantitated by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Sixteen compounds had IC(50)s of <3 microM, and five of these had IC(50)s of <0.3 microM and thus were comparable in potency to trimetrexate. The finding that submicromolar concentrations of several of the compounds in the library could inhibit in vitro growth of C. parvum in host cells in the presence of thymidine (dThd) and hypoxanthine (Hx) suggests that lipophilic DHFR inhibitors, in combination with leucovorin, may find use in the treatment of intractable C. parvum infections.
Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Bisphosphonates: Current Status (2006)

Bisphosphonates are highly effective inhibitors of bone resorption that selectively affect osteoclasts in vivo but could also have direct effects on other cell types, such as tumor cells. After >30 years of clinical use, their molecular mechanisms of action on osteoclasts are finally becoming clear but their exact antitumor properties remain to be clarified.
Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (2006)

The impact of inflammation on the development of atherosclerotic plaques and their destabilization opens new avenues for treatment. The effects of statins, acetylsalicyclic acid and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on stroke prevention may partly be attributable to their profound anti-inflammatory actions. Vaccination against modified LDL and heat shock proteins halt plaque progression in experimental atherosclerosis. Their potential for prevention of human atherosclerosis is currently under investigation.
Influence of strong static magnetic fields on heart muscle contraction (1986)

The authors investigated, in isolated electrically stimulated heart muscle preparations, the effect of strong static magnetic fields (B=2.11 T), in the range of the recommended upper limits in NMR tomography, on myocardial contractility, and on stimulation threshold. Since the morphology and contraction of the muscles exhibit preferential orientation is seemed appropriate to carry out the investigations both in parallel and in vertical orientation of the muscle strips with respect to the magnetic field. The studies show that a strong static magnetic field of 2.1 T has no acute effects on the contractility of normoxic and hypoxic rat myocardium. It is concluded that, at present, the static magnetic fields used in NMR imaging do not constitute any hazard in terms of cardiac contractility.
Purification of human von Willebrand factor–cleaving protease and its identification as a new member of the metalloproteinase family (2001)

Abstract von Willebrand factor (vWF) is synthesized in megakaryocytes and endothelial cells as a very large multimer, but circulates in plasma as a group of multimers ranging from 500 to 10 000 kd. An important mechanism for depolymerization of the large multimers is the limited proteolysis by a vWF-cleaving protease present in plasma. The absence or inactivation of the vWF-cleaving protease results in the accumulation of large multimers, which may cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The vWF-cleaving protease was first described as a Ca++-dependent proteinase with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 300 kd. Thus far, however, it has not been isolated and characterized. In this study, the purification of human vWF-cleaving protease from a commercial preparation of factor VIII/vWF concentrate by means of several column chromatographic steps, including 2 steps of heparin-Sepharose column, is reported. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the anion exchange and gel filtration column fractions showed that the vWF-cleaving protease activity corresponded to a protein band of 150 kd. After reduction, it migrated with an apparent weight of 190 kd. The amino terminal sequence of the 150-kd band was AAGGIL(H)LE(L)L(D)AXG(P)X(V)XQ (single-letter amino acid codes), with the tentative residues shown in parentheses. A search of the human genome sequence identified the vWF-cleaving protease as a new member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type I motif) family of metalloproteinase. An active site sequence of HEIGHSFGLEHE (single-letter amino acid codes) was located at 150 residues from the N terminus of the protein.
High-performance standard cell library and modeling technique for differential advanced bipolar current tree logic (1991)

A high-performance standard cell library for the Tektronix advanced bipolar process GST1 has been developed. The library is targeted for the 250-MIPS (million instructions per second) fast reduced instruction set computer (FRISC) project. The GST1 devices have a minimal emitter size of 0.6 mu m*2.4 mu m and a maximum f/sub t/ of 15.5 GHz. By combining advanced bipolar technology and high-speed differential logic, gate propagation delays of 90 ps can be achieved at a power dissipation of 70 mW. The fastest buffers/inverters have a propagation delay of only 68 ps. A 32-b ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) partitioned into four slices can perform an addition in 3 ns using differential standard cells with improved emitter-follower outputs and fast differential I/O drivers. A modeling technique for high-speed differential current tree logic is introduced. The technique gives accurate timing information and models the transient behavior of current trees.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Asymmetric Poly(ethylene glycol) Star Polymers with a Cholic Acid Core and Their Aggregation Properties (2009)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) arms are grafted onto a cholic acid core via anionic polymerization, yielding star-shaped polymers with a unique asymmetric structure with facial amphiphilicity. Well-defined cholic acid-PEG(4) stars (polydispersity index, ca. 1.05) with tunable molar masses (ca. 1000-13,000) were obtained and characterized by the use of size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The asymmetric star polymers were found to aggregate differently from cholic acid salt. The critical aggregation concentrations of the star polymers were determined by surface tension measurements, and spherical aggregates of the polymers with different PEG chain lengths were observed by transmission electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture etching technique. The elongated aggregates formed by the sodium salt of cholic acid were also observed. The hydrodynamic diameters of the aggregates were also measured using dynamic light scattering technique. The formation of aggregates makes them interesting systems as potential drug carriers.
EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER-ASSOCIATED GENE ALTERATIONS IN DNA ISOLATED FROM RAT FECES DURING INTESTINAL TUMOR-INDUCTION WITH 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE (1995)

A highly sensitive mutation detection method was applied to reveal tarry K-ras alterations in exfoliated intestinal epithelium of Fischer-344 rats during the course of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis. Ten weekly s.c. injections of DMH (50 mg/kg) in combination with consumption of a low-fiber diet resulted in 100% incidence of intestinal tumors at 20 weeks after initial DMH injection. Analysis of DNA extracted from fresh fecal samples obtained individually showed that proportion of codon 12 K-ras oncogene mutant alleles (G-->A transition at the second position of codon 12) was increased in some rats at 4 weeks and clearly in all rats at 8 weeks after initial DMH injection, i.e. much earlier than the first tumors appeared (14 weeks). A gradual increase of mutant K-ras fraction in DNA samples extracted from feces led to an extremely high level of the mutant reaching 10% of the oncogene alleles at the end of the experiment (20 weeks). K- and H-ras oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations were analyzed in the resulting colon and duodenal tumors. 14 of 17 colon tumors had K-P as mutations (11 - G-->A transition at codon 12 second base; 3 - G-->A transition at codon 13 second base). G-->A transitions at codon 12 first base of H-ras were detected in 3 colon tumors. All 5 duodenal tumors induced in the experiment had G-->A transition at codon 12 second base of K-ras. 3 of these tumors also had H-ras mutations. No mutation was detected within exons 4-7 of p53 gene indicating that p53 alterations may not be involved in the rapid development of tumors induced by high doses of DMH. Our observations suggest that detection of K-ras mutations in stool samples are predictive of later tumor development from a very early stage.
Clinical significance of SF3B1 mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (2011)

In a previous study, we identified somatic mutations of SF3B1, a gene encoding a core component of RNA splicing machinery, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we define the clinical significance of these mutations in MDS and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). The coding exons of SF3B1 were screened using massively parallel pyrosequencing in patients with MDS, MDS/MPN, or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolving from MDS. Somatic mutations of SF3B1 were found in 150 of 533 (28.1%) patients with MDS, 16 of 83 (19.3%) with MDS/MPN, and 2 of 38 (5.3%) with AML. There was a significant association of SF3B1 mutations with the presence of ring sideroblasts (P < .001) and of mutant allele burden with their proportion (P = .002). The mutant gene had a positive predictive value for ring sideroblasts of 97.7% (95% confidence interval, 93.5%-99.5%). In multivariate analysis including established risk factors, SF3B1 mutations were found to be independently associated with better overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.15, P = .025) and lower risk of evolution into AML (hazard ratio = 0.33, P = .049). The close association between SF3B1 mutations and disease phenotype with ring sideroblasts across MDS and MDS/MPN is consistent with a causal relationship. Furthermore, SF3B1 mutations are independent predictors of favorable clinical outcome, and their incorporation into stratification systems might improve risk assessment in MDS.
The use of anthrax vaccines prepared from avirulent (uncapsulated) variants of Bacillus anthracis (1939)

The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590: 300dpi.&#13;\nAdobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.
Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic Candida species and relatives (1991)

Small subunit rRNA sequences have been determined for 10 of the most clinically important pathogenic species of the yeast genus Candida (including Torulopsis [Candida] glabrata and Yarrowia [Candida] lipolytica) and for Hansenula polymorpha. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences and those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, and Aspergillus fumigatus indicate that Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. viswanathii form a subgroup within the genus. The remaining significant pathogen, T. glabrata, falls into a second, distinct subgroup and is specifically related to S. cerevisiae and more distantly related to C. kefyr (psuedotropicalis) and K. marxianus var. lactis. The 18S rRNA sequence of Y. lipolytica has evolved rapidly in relation to the other Candida sequences examined and appears to be only distantly related to them. As anticipated, species of several other genera appear to bear specific relationships to members of the genus Candida.
Chemically enucleated mouse oocytes: ultrastructure and kinetics of histone H1 kinase activity (1998)

The objective of the study was to characterize the ultrastructure changes and biochemical mechanisms underlying the expulsion of the entire chromosome complement in chemically enucleated mouse oocytes. The ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the morphology of cytoplasts produced by etoposide-cycloheximide treatment were indistinguishable from intact metaphase I and II oocytes. Moreover, polar bodies formed by chemical enucleation were in almost all cases completely separated from the parent cytoplast and differed from normal polar bodies only in their chromatin content morphology and because they contained a slightly higher number of cytoplasmic organelles. The mode of polar body formation, however, in normal and chemically enucleated oocytes differs substantially: spindle involvement is important for normal polar body extrusion but plays no part in the protracted expulsion of chromosomes during chemical enucleation. After etoposide-cycloheximide treatment, histone H1 kinase activity remains high for the ensuing 6-8 h before declining gradually to basal levels 14 h after treatment. The expulsion of the polar body occurred only after the slowly declining H1 kinase activity reached basal levels. The activity of this kinase rose sharply to reach maximal levels within 4 h when the enucleated oocytes were removed from the inhibitor-supplemented medium and placed in normal medium. The findings in this paper indicate that cytoplasts produced by chemical enucleation are morphologically normal, thus suggesting that these enucleated cells are suitable for cloning studies. Although effective in mouse oocytes, we postulate that certain modifications to the enucleation technology are necessary before a reliable non-invasive protocol for ungulate oocytes will be available.
Precise Measurement of Vertebral Mineral Content Using Computed Tomography (1980)

A precise method of measuring vertebral mineral content by computed tomography has been developed. Calibration phantoms scanned with patients are used to provide corrections for machine drifts. Advanced software manipulation of the display images is used to reposition precisely to the midportion of each vertebral body. A long-term precision of 2.8% for mineral content has been obtained in excised vertebrae in a phantom simulating the human torso.
Surface tension-driven chip self-assembly with load-free hydrogen fluoride-assisted direct bonding at room temperature for three-dimensional integrated circuits (2010)

We have demonstrated fluidic chip self-assembly on Si wafers for fabricating three-dimensional integrated circuits. In this self-assembly technique, small droplets of hydrofluoric acid were employed to simultaneously align many millimeter-scale chips and directly bond them to the hydrophilic bonding areas formed on the host wafers by oxide–oxide bonding. The liquid surface tension enables many Si chips to be self-assembled with the highest alignment accuracy of 50 nm. In addition, many chips were tightly bonded to the hydrophilic bonding areas without applying a mechanical force after the liquid was evaporated at room temperature.
Factor VIIa/Tissue Factor-induced Signaling via Activation of Src-like Kinases, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and Rac (2000)

Tissue factor (TF), apart from activating the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation, is a principal regulator of embryonic angiogenesis and oncogenic neoangiogenesis, but also influences inflammation, leukocyte diapedesis and tumor progression. The intracellular domain of TF lacks homology to other classes of receptors and hence the signaling mechanism is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that factor VIIa (the natural ligand for TF) induces the activation of the Src family members c-Src, Lyn, and Yes, and subsequently phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), followed by stimulation of c-Akt/protein kinase B as well as the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42. In turn Rac mediates p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and cytoskeletal reorganization, whereas factor VIIa-induced p42/p44 MAP kinase stimulation required PI3K enzymatic activity but was not inhibited by dominant negative Rac proteins. We propose that this Src family member/PI3K/Rac-dependent signaling pathway is a major mediator of factor VIIa/TF effects in pathophysiology.
Compiling collection-oriented languages onto massively parallel computers (2003)

Some issues and techniques are discussed for compiling collection-oriented languages for use on parallel and vector machines. Techniques for translating nested parallelism into flat parallelism are described. A compiler that translates a subset of Paralation Lisp into the instruction set of a virtual machine is discussed. The instructions of the virtual machine are simple vector instructions which could be further translated to a broad class of architectures including vector machines, single-instruction parallel machines, and multiple-instruction parallel machines. Another translator is also implemented that translates the virtual machine instructions into instructions for the Connection Machine (CM-2). The quicksort example in this paper is executed on the CM-2. Since actual parallel hardware is usually flat in nature, these techniques are useful to implementors of high-level collection-oriented languages. These languages express parallelism in a natural way that at first does not appear to be supportable by massively parallel machines. These techniques form a bridge from the convenience and power of nested collections and operations to the speed and simplicity of machines like the CM-2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Content oriented visual interface using video icons for visual database systems (2003)

The importance of content-oriented visual user interfaces using video icons for visual database systems is clarified. The effectiveness of both still and live video images, especially for user's browsing and interaction, is shown by means of the MediaBENCH (hypermedia basic environment for computer and human interactions), which is a basic prototype multimedia database system. Various methods of handling video data on the MediaBENCH are introduced and discussed to show how video data can be manipulated on visual database systems which deal with spatial and temporal factors. A visual interface using video icons is quite suitable to video editing, presentation support or other electronic video document systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Macrocyclization Equilibrium Constants and the Statistical Configuration of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Chains (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclization Equilibrium Constants and the Statistical Configuration of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) ChainsP. J. Flory and J. A. SemlyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 14, 3209–3212Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00966a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts