gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Near-Term Quantum Computing Approach for Hard Computational Problems in Space Exploration (2012)

In this article, we show how to map a sampling of the hardest artificial intelligence problems in space exploration onto equivalent Ising models that then can be attacked using quantum annealing implemented in D-Wave machine. We overview the existing results as well as propose new Ising model implementations for quantum annealing. We review supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms for classification and clustering with applications to feature identification and anomaly detection. We introduce algorithms for data fusion and image matching for remote sensing applications. We overview planning problems for space exploration mission applications and algorithms for diagnostics and recovery with applications to deep space missions. We describe combinatorial optimization algorithms for task assignment in the context of autonomous unmanned exploration. Finally, we discuss the ways to circumvent the limitation of the Ising mapping using a "blackbox" approach based on ideas from probabilistic computing. In this article we describe the architecture of the D-Wave One machine and report its benchmarks. Results on random ensemble of problems in the range of up to 96 qubits show improved scaling for median core quantum annealing time compared with classical algorithms; whether this scaling persists for larger problem sizes is an open question. We also review previous results of D-Wave One benchmarking studies for solving binary classification problems with a quantum boosting algorithm which is shown to outperform AdaBoost. We review quantum algorithms for structured learning for multi-label classification and introduce a hybrid classical/quantum approach for learning the weights. Results of D-Wave One benchmarking studies for learning structured labels on four different data sets show a better performance compared with an independent Support Vector Machine approach with linear kernel.
Secondary Prevention of Falls in Older People: A Systematic Review (2005)

Although several systematic reviews have been reported on fall prevention for older people, there is no review on secondary prevention of falls for older people.
Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of intervention programs on secondary prevention of falls in older people.
The study design is a systematic review of published controlled clinical designed studies for older people with a history of falls.
We used keyword searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE from 1996 to March 2002. Only English literatures were reviewed. Studies were reviewed if they met the following criteria: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCT); (2) participants were aged 65 years or older; (3) participants had history of falls; (4) secondary prevention of falls was an aim of the study.
A total of 5 RCT met the criteria. Two multifactorial targeted intervention programs showed significant reduction of the risk of falling and/or recurrent falling. One multifactorial targeted intervention program revealed the tendency of reduction for subjects with recent recurrent falls (2 falls). One occupational therapy intervention was effective in the subgroup with history of falls, one exercise program as a single intervention was not effective.
There is no evidence of exercise as a single intervention for secondary prevention of falls in older people. Occupational therapy home assessment is effective in the subgroup with history of falls, but further study is indicated for the widespread implementation as an individual fall prevention strategy. Several well-designed studies have shown the effectiveness of multifactorial targeted intervention. The tendency of effectiveness by multifactorial targeted intervention in subjects with recent recurrent falls need further study.
Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease (1992)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiological agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a retrovirus which makes use of a virally-encoded aspartic protease to perform specific proteolytic processing of two of its gene products in order to form active enzymes and structural proteins within the mature virion. Accordingly, specific, exogenous inhibition of the HIV-1 protease is thought to be a viable approach for the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of AIDS. Indeed, this hypothesis has been validated in virally-infected cell culture with synthetic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease. This chapter reviews the current status of the development of inhibitors of this enzyme.
Smoking Influences Decision Making in Periodontal Therapy: A Retrospective Clinical Study (1999)

It is concluded that smoking impairs healing after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The decision analysis of this study questions the need for a thorough course of non-surgical treatment in smokers with advanced periodontal disease.
99% Chirally selective synthesis via pinanediol boronic esters: insect pheromones, diols, and an amino alcohol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT99% Chirally selective synthesis via pinanediol boronic esters: insect pheromones, diols, and an amino alcoholDonald S. Matteson, Kizhakethil Mathew. Sadhu, and Mark L. PetersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4, 810–819Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00264a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00264a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3457Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Principal component and spatial correlation analysis of spectroscopic-imaging data in scanning probe microscopy (2009)

An approach for the analysis of multi-dimensional, spectroscopic-imaging data based on principal component analysis (PCA) is explored. PCA selects and ranks relevant response components based on variance within the data. It is shown that for examples with small relative variations between spectra, the first few PCA components closely coincide with results obtained using model fitting, and this is achieved at rates approximately four orders of magnitude faster. For cases with strong response variations, PCA allows an effective approach to rapidly process, de-noise, and compress data. The prospects for PCA combined with correlation function analysis of component maps as a universal tool for data analysis and representation in microscopy are discussed.
Linkage and mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with angular leaf spot and powdery mildew resistance in common beans (2017)

Angular leaf spot (ALS) and powdery mildew (PWM) are two important fungi diseases causing significant yield losses in common beans. In this study, a new genetic linkage map was constructed using single sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in a segregating population derived from the AND 277 x SEA 5 cross, with 105 recombinant inbred lines. Phenotypic evaluations were performed in the greenhouse to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance by means of the composite interval mapping analysis. Four QTLs were identified for ALS resistance. The QTL ALS11AS, linked on the SNP BAR 5054, mapped on chromosome Pv11, showed the greatest effect (R2 = 26.5%) on ALS phenotypic variance. For PWM resistance, two QTLs were detected, PWM2AS and PWM11AS, on Pv2 and Pv11, explaining 7% and 66% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Both QTLs on Pv11 were mapped on the same genomic region, suggesting that it is a pleiotropic region. The present study resulted in the identification of new markers closely linked to ALS and PWM QTLs, which can be used for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and positional cloning.
Molecular modeling of polymers. IV. Estimation of glass transition temperatures (1988)

Abstract A method is described which allows molecular modeling to be combined with a group additive property model to estimate glass transition temperatures of linear polymers. T g is assumed to be a function of conformational entropy and mass moments of the polymer. These two molecular properties are estimated in terms of the torsion angle units composing the polymer using conformational energy calculations. A “universal” T g equation is derived using 30 structurally diverse polymers and multidimensional linear regression analysis. “Designer” T g equations are also derived specifically for acrylate and methacrylate polymers. The work described here demonstrates how molecular modeling can be combined with group additivity theory to yield open‐ended models that are not restricted by lack of requisite group additive parameters and take advantage of three‐dimensional molecular information.
Methods of optimization of electrical impedance tomography for imaging tissue electroporation (2007)

Tissue electroporation is a medical technique in which electrical pulses of microsecond to millisecond length are applied to a tissue in order to permeabilize the membrane of targeted cells, either temporarily or permanently, for the purpose of drug delivery and gene therapy or tissue ablation, respectively. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been suggested as an effective means of imaging the treated area and thereby providing control of electroporation. In this simulation based study we introduce methods for optimizing the use of EIT under the special conditions of electroporation. First, we address the issue of the rapid changes in tissue conductivity, during and after the application of pulses. We propose a solution through a method of simultaneously collecting data from all the electrodes, essentially capturing the state of the tissue at a single instant. This method, which employs several distinct frequencies, one for each electrode, allows a speedy and continuous collection of data, a vital part of real-time electroporation monitoring. The second issue is taking advantage of the presence of electroporation electrodes for the EIT process. We show how the electroporation electrodes that are normally found inside the tissue may help improve the reconstruction compared to data collected only from the body's boundary. This mathematical study employs recently collected in vivo data of rat liver electroporation to obtain a model which represents, as closely as possible, the reality of electroporation procedures.
Genetic influences on human brain structure: A review of brain imaging studies in twins (2007)

Twin studies suggest that variation in human brain volume is genetically influenced. The genes involved in human brain volume variation are still largely unknown, but several candidate genes have been suggested. An overview of structural Magnetic Resonance (brain) Imaging studies in twins is presented, which focuses on the influence of genetic factors on variation in healthy human brain volume. Twin studies have shown that genetic effects varied regionally within the brain, with high heritabilities of frontal lobe volumes (90-95%), moderate estimates in the hippocampus (40-69%), and environmental factors influencing several medial brain areas. High heritability estimates of brain structures were revealed for regional amounts of gray matter (density) in medial frontal cortex, Heschl's gyrus, and postcentral gyrus. In addition, moderate to high heritabilities for densities of Broca's area, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, amygdala, gray matter of the parahippocampal gyrus, and white matter of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus were reported. The high heritability for (global) brain volumes, including the intracranium, total brain, cerebral gray, and white matter, seems to be present throughout life. Estimates of genetic and environmental influences on age-related changes in brain structure in children and adults await further longitudinal twin-studies. For prefrontal cortex volume, white matter, and hippocampus volumes, a number of candidate genes have been identified, whereas for other brain areas, only a few or even a single candidate gene has been found so far. New techniques such as genome-wide scans may become helpful in the search for genes that are involved in the regulation of human brain volume throughout life.
Editorial (2003)

We would like to inform our readers that Association of Basic Medical Sciences, beginning with this year, will publish Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences at least quarterly, depending of your submissions.As it is previously announced, the second opening lecture form of the International and Scientific Symposium about human embryo and its cloning held in Sarajevo, 15 February 2003 (“Scientific, ethical and religious dilemmas over the status of human embryo and its cloning”) is published in this issue.In this issue, in concordance with the current world situation and after the suggestions of some of our distinguish colleagues, we decide to publish a review article on aetiology and epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) -a new emerging disease.We kindly remind our readers to inform other colleagues and associates about the Association and our membership.All observation, suggestions, and proposals from our readers are more then welcome and will improve the quality of the Journal.We are inviting scientists from not only entire Bosnia and Herzegovina but internationally, to participate in next issues and hope that many of them will answer our invitation.Sarajevo, May, 2003Editorial Board
Estimation of corrosion damage in steel reinforced mortar using waveguides (2005)

Corrosion of reinforced concrete is a chronic infrastructure problem, particularly in areas with deicing salt and marine exposure. To maintain structural integrity, a testing method is needed to identify areas of corroding reinforcement. For purposes of rehabilitation, the method must also be able to evaluate the degree, rate and location of damage. Towards the development of a wireless embedded sensor system to monitor and assess corrosion damage in reinforced concrete, reinforced mortar specimens were manufactured with seeded defects to simulate corrosion damage. Taking advantage of waveguide effects of the reinforcing bars, these specimens were then tested using an ultrasonic approach. Using the same ultrasonic approach, specimens without seeded defects were also monitored during accelerated corrosion tests. Both the ultrasonic sending and the receiving transducers were mounted on the steel rebar. Advantage was taken of the lower frequency (<250 kHz) fundamental flexural propagation mode because of its relatively large displacements at the interface between the reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete. Waveform energy (indicative of attenuation) is presented and discussed in terms of corrosion damage. Current results indicate that the loss of bond strength between the reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete can be detected and evaluated.
Central nervous system involvement in Anderson-Fabry disease: a clinical and MRI retrospective study (2008)

The study demonstrated a high frequency of CNS involvement in homozygous and heterozygous AFD patients, often characterised by early age at onset and abnormal brain MRIs. At present, ERT is widely used; however, potential beneficent effects may be disguised by the progression of irreversible pathology in short-term follow-up. Therefore, primary and secondary prophylaxes of cerebrovascular disease are extremely important.
Initial characterization of a potential transcriptional enhancer for the human c-K-ras gene. (1988)

The nucleotide sequence of the 5' end distal region of the human c-K-ras gene promoter was determined. This region, coincident with a variable DNAse I hypersensitive site in native chromatin, contains sequence similarities with known enhancers. A 400 bp MstII DNA fragment of this region stimulated in cis the correctly initiated transcription of the human beta-globin gene in transfected Hela cells. The stimulation of beta-globin transcription (5-6 fold) was dependent on the distance and orientation of the c-K-ras sequences and on the presence of the CCAAT and CACCC elements in the beta-globin promoter. Interaction of nuclear factors with these c-K-ras sequences was analysed by DNAase I footprinting assays using Hela nuclear extracts. A protein binding to these sequences was identified as nuclear factor 1 (NF-1) by DNAase I competition footprinting experiments. However, disruption of the c-K-ras NF-1 binding site by insertion mutagenesis had no effect on the transcriptional activity of the c-K-ras element.
Characterization of the TGF beta 1-inducible hic-5 gene that encodes a putative novel zinc finger protein and its possible involvement in cellular senescence. (1994)

Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 is a potent cytokine that inhibits the growth of several types of cells. Our earlier study suggested that the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1, was sensitive to growth inhibition by TGF beta 1 and that this effect was partly mediated by H2O2. To identify the molecules that participate in the negative regulation of growth by these stimuli, we carried out differential screening of cDNA libraries and isolated a set of genes induced by TGF beta 1. Among the clones isolated, one originally named tsc-5 was found to be induced by H2O2 as well as TGF beta 1. Analysis of this cDNA renamed hic (hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone)-5 suggested that Hic-5 protein has four LIM motifs, each of which contained two (or one) putative zinc fingers. The expression of hic-5 mRNA was repressed in Ki-ras-transformed mouse fibroblasts and in several cell lines established from human tumor. On the other hand, its expression was augmented in the in vitro senescent process of human diploid fibroblasts. Among the mouse organs examined, hic-5 was highly expressed in the lung and spleen. Finally, a colony formation assay using an hic-5 expression vector driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter suggested that hic-5 overexpression had a cytostatic effect on cellular growth, depending upon the cell type. Although the relationship between hic-5 function and the signal transduction pathway of TGF beta 1 remains unresolved, these results implied that hic-5 has some role in the growth-inhibitory pathway associated with in vitro senescence, and that down-regulation of hic-5 contributes to tumorigenesis.
One‐Pot Difunctionalization of Poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) with Thiol‐Thiol or Thiol‐Acrylate Groups, Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase B (2006)

Abstract Summary: An enzymatic one‐pot procedure has been developed for the synthesis of difunctional polyesters containing terminal thiols and acrylates. Candida antarctica lipase B was used as a catalyst for the ring‐opening polymerization of ω ‐pentadecalactone. The polymerization was initiated with 6‐mercaptohexanol, then terminated with γ ‐thiobutyrolactone or vinyl acrylate to create two types of difunctional polyesters with a very high content of thiol‐thiol or thiol‐acrylate end‐groups. Difunctionalization of poly‐PDL. magnified image Difunctionalization of poly‐PDL.
TLR2 Stimulation of Intrinsic Renal Cells in the Induction of Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis (2006)

Infection may exacerbate organ-specific autoimmune disease such as glomerulonephritis. This may occur in the absence of a measurable effect on the adaptive immune response, and the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. To investigate this, we have studied the effect of TLR2 ligation by the synthetic ligand Pam(3)CysSK(4) on the development of glomerulonephritis in mice. We demonstrated that glomerular inflammation induced by passive administration of nephrotoxic Ab does not occur in the absence of TLR2 stimulation, with a strong synergy when Ab deposition and TLR2 stimulation occur together. Parameters of glomerular inflammation were neutrophil influx, thrombosis, and albuminuria. To investigate the relative contribution of TLR2 on bone marrow-derived cells and intrinsic renal cells, we constructed bone marrow chimeras. Nephrotoxic Ab and TLR2 ligation caused a neutrophil influx in both types of chimera above [corrected] that seen in sham chimeras totally TLR2 deficient [corrected] Albuminuria was seen in both types of chimera above that seen in sham chimeras that were totally TLR2 deficient. This was greater in chimeras with TLR2 present on bone marrow-derived cells. To find a potential mechanism by which intrinsic renal cells may contribute toward disease exacerbation, mesangial cells were studied and shown to express TLR2 and MyD88. Wild-type but not TLR2-deficient mesangial cells produced CXC chemokines in response to stimulation with Pam(3)CysSK(4). These results demonstrate that TLR2 stimulation on both bone marrow-derived and resident tissue cells plays a role in amplifying the inflammatory effects of Ab deposition in the glomerulus.
Transmembrane transporters: An open and closed case (2007)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The purification and characterization of interferons. (1982)

Significant advances have been made in the last four years on the purification of interferons. Components of several human and mouse interferons have been purified to homogeneity. Partial characterization of these molecules has been achieved (i.e. amino acid composition, analytical maps of radiolabelled tryptic peptides, and amino terminal amino acid sequence). In addition, preliminary evidence has been accumulated which implies that the carbohydrate portion of the molecules may play a significant role in species specificity of interferons. At present, with minute quantities of homogenous interferons available, limited structural information has been obtained. Using current production and purification schemes, sufficient material can be obtained for further amino acid sequence studies and examination of the carbohydrate portion of the molecules. Additional structural characterization of the interferon gene(s). Furthermore, as sequence homologies have been observed between human and mouse interferons, all new structural information will help to establish the interrelationships in the family of interferon proteins.