gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of hemin on the physiology and virulence of Bacteroides gingivalis W50 (1986)

Bacteroides gingivalis W50 was grown in a chemostat under steady-state conditions at pH 7.5 +/- 0.2 and a constant growth rate of 6.9 h for periods of up to 6 weeks (146 bacterial generations) in a complex medium. Hemin was capable of limiting the growth of cells up to a concentration of approximately 0.5 micrograms/ml since higher concentrations of hemin did not increase cell yields; cells grew in the absence of exogenously added vitamin K1. Only a limited number of amino acids was metabolized during growth, but because none of these was totally depleted, the limiting nutrient under hemin excess conditions was probably a peptide. A range of fermentation products was produced under all conditions of growth; higher concentrations of cytotoxic metabolites such as propionate and butyrate were formed under hemin excess conditions, although more ammonia was released under hemin limitation. When viewed by electron microscopy, cells grown under hemin limitation appeared to be either coccobacillary or short rods and possessed few fimbriae per cell, but large numbers of extracellular vesicles could be seen both surrounding the cell surface and free in the environment. In contrast, cells grown under hemin excess conditions were more commonly coccus shaped and were more heavily fimbriated but had fewer extracellular vesicles. Marked differences were found in the susceptibility of mice to infection with cells grown under different concentrations of hemin. Cells transferred to media without any added hemin were avirulent, whereas those grown under conditions of hemin limitation (0.33 and 0.40 micrograms/ml) produced a 20 and 50% mortality in mice, respectively. In contrast cells grown under hemin excess always caused 100% mortality in mice, although this virulence was dose dependent. When virulent, the bacteria caused an extensive, spreading infection with necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Collagen disintegration was seen histologically, implying a role for collagenase production in the pathogenicity of these bacteria.
Immunization with the Light Chain and the VL Domain of the Isologous Myeloma Protein 315 Inhibits Growth of Mouse Plasmacytoma MOPC315 (1980)

Prior immunization of BALB/c mice with free light chains from myeloma protein 315 (L315) and its variable domain (VL315) inhibited the growth of subcutaneously injected MOPC315 tumour cells. The growth suppression observed after immunization with L315 was equivalent to that which resulted from immunization with the complete M315. VL315 and non-polymerized L315 did not elicit specific antibodies. Polymerized L315 induced both suppression of MOPC315 growth and antibodies specific for free L315; however, these antibodies did not react with the complete M315, nor were they absorbed by MOPC315 tumour cells. The data indicate that the suppression of tumour growth was mediated by specifically sensitized cells acting in the absence of antibodies against M315 or L315. Immunization with the variable domain of the heavy chain from M315 (VH315) had no effect on the growth of MOPC315. The M315 fragments and subunits that induced growth suppression were thus identical with those capable of inducing T helper cells in BALB/c mice.
The Challenge Today: Changing the Rules of the Game (1998)

As the information age takes over from the industrial age and change accelerates, the key challenge for each company is to become the architect of revolution in its industry, leaving other companies to play catch‐up. The author argues that the key competitive advantage for companies intent on winning in the new economy is non‐linear innovation. Companies need to shift from a product‐centric view of innovation to a systemic view of innovation: ie innovation of the business model itself. This article is derived from the last of the 1998 Stockton Lectures, delivered in April.
Effects of CS-611 on the electrophysiological properties of canine cardiac tissues. (1980)

Effects of CS-611, a new coronary vasodilator, on the electrophysiological properties of Purkinje fibers, auricular and ventricular muscles isolated from dogs were examined with a microelectrodfe technique. CS-611 between 3 X 10(-6) and 3 X 10(-5) g/ml shortened the action potential duration (APD) of each tissue, especially of Purkinje fibers, without any significant alterations in the resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude and maximum rate of rise (V max). CS-611 also shortened the effective refractory period (ERP) of Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscles, but to a lesser extent than APD, resulting in an increase of ERP/ADP. The level of membrane potential needed to elicit premature excitation in Purkinje fibers and Vmax of the earliest response tended to increase in the presence of CS-611. CS-611 partially restored the reduced Vmax of Purkinje fibers exposed to hypoxia. The spontaneous firings in Purkinje fibers were decreased or abolished by CS-611. The possible role of these effects of CS-611 in its antiarrhythmic action was discussed.
A clinical study of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein as an early indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma in the follow-up of cirrhotic patients (1995)

Levels of two types of lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), designated AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5, were analyzed with Lens culinaris agglutinin A and AFP-P4+P5 with erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin, respectively, in an attempt to determine the utility and significance of these macromolecules as early indicators of hepatocellular carcinoma during the periodic follow-up of cirrhotic patients. The subjects were 51 of 190 consecutive cirrhotic patients in whom hepatocellular carcinoma developed during a 6-year follow-up period and 21 cirrhotic patients without hepatocellular carcinoma. Serum AFP levels were of limited value to diagnose and predict hepatocellular carcinoma. The relative levels of AFP-L3 and AFP-P4+P5 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at the time of tumor detection were significantly higher than those in patients with cirrhosis. The sensitivity was 61%, and the specificity was 90%. Fourteen patients (48%) of 29 patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter showed elevated percentage of lectin-reactive AFP. Retrospective examination of 21 patients who were positive for lectin-reactive AFP at diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma showed that 41% of them had already expressed lectin-reactive AFP 12 months before the direct detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by diagnostic imaging. These results lead us to conclude that the level of lectin-reactive AFP is a suitable predictive marker for the early recognition of hepatocellular carcinoma in the follow-up of patients with cirrhosis, and that measurements of the level of lectin-reactive AFP should be added to the screening methods that are now in use.
"Breaking the code", moving between private and public work in collaborative software development (2003)

Software development is typically cooperative endeavor where a group of engineers need to work together to achieve a common, coordinated result. As a cooperative effort, it is especially difficult because of the many interdependencies amongst the artifacts created during the process. This has lead software engineers to create tools, such as configuration management tools, that isolate developers from the effects of each other's work. In so doing, these tools create a distinction between private and public aspects of work of the developer. Technical support is provided to these aspects as well as for transitions between them. However, we present empirical material collected from a software development team that suggests that the transition from private to public work needs to be more carefully handled. Indeed, the analysis of our material suggests that different formal and informal work practices are adopted by the developers to allow a delicate transition, where software developers are not largely affected by the emergent public work. Finally, we discuss how groupware tools might support this transition.
MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer (2007)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and, despite advances in detection and therapies, it still represents the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the industrialized countries. Unfortunately, still relatively little is known about the molecular events that lead to the development of this highly aggressive disease. The relatively recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNA), a class of small noncoding RNAs targeting multiple mRNAs and triggering translation repression and/or RNA degradation, has revealed the existence of a new level of gene expression regulation. Multiple studies involving various types of human cancers proved that miRNAs have a causal role in tumorigenesis. Here we show that, in comparison to normal ovary, miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in human ovarian cancer. The overall miRNA expression could clearly separate normal versus cancer tissues. The most significantly overexpressed miRNAs were miR-200a, miR-141, miR-200c, and miR-200b, whereas miR-199a, miR-140, miR-145, and miR-125b1 were among the most down-modulated miRNAs. We could also identify miRNAs whose expression was correlated with specific ovarian cancer biopathologic features, such as histotype, lymphovascular and organ invasion, and involvement of ovarian surface. Moreover, the levels of miR-21, miR-203, and miR-205, up-modulated in ovarian carcinomas compared with normal tissues, were significantly increased after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylating treatment of OVCAR3 cells, suggesting that the DNA hypomethylation could be the mechanism responsible for their overexpression. Our results indicate that miRNAs might play a role in the pathogenesis of human EOC and identify altered miRNA gene methylation as a possible epigenetic mechanism involved in their aberrant expression.
30-mW-Class High-Power and High-Efficiency Blue Semipolar (10\bar1\bar1) InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes Obtained by Backside Roughening Technique (2010)

The first 30-mW-class semipolar blue light-emitting diode (LED) on a free-standing (10) GaN substrate has been demonstrated by using microscale periodic backside structures. The light extraction efficiency and corresponding output power were greatly enhanced, by up to 2.8-fold (bare chip) compare with conventional devices. At a driving current of 20 mA, the LED showed an output power of 31.1 mW and an external quantum efficiency of 54.7%. Semipolar GaN LED technology is now comparable to commercial c-plane blue LED technology, not only in terms of internal material properties but also in terms of chip processing techniques.
Negative Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2002)

Negative but not positive symptoms were more prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy patients than in healthy comparison subjects. Negative symptoms were independent of current and past depression and were associated with neuropsychological deficits exceeding the general cognitive morbidity associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and with quantitative MRI indices suggesting greater cerebral atrophy.
Intestinal Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Cell Interactions (1998)

Intestinal morphogenesis, as well as maintenance of the stem cell population and of the steady state between cell proliferation and differentiation, results from controlled cell interactions. There is growing evidence that the mesenchymal cells control epithelial cell behavior via their own expression and induction in the epithelial cells of key regulatory genes. This heterologous cross talk involves basement membrane molecules and paracrine factors. New in vitro/in vivo cellular models allowed us to analyze various mesenchymal cell phenotypes and to show that they exhibit different inductive properties on epithelial cells and that their proliferation and metabolic properties are differentially modulated by cytokines. Finally the epithelial-mesenchymal unit is controlled by hormonal and exogenous factors.
Identification of Aptamers That Bind to Sickle Hemoglobin and Inhibit Its Polymerization (2017)

The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is dependent on the polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS), leading to erythrocyte deformation (sickling) and vaso-occlusion within the microvasculature. Following deoxygenation, there is a delay time before polymerization is initiated, during which nucleation of HbS monomers occurs. An agent with the ability to extend this delay time or slow polymerization would therefore hold a therapeutic, possibly curative, potential. We used the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) method to screen for HbS-binding RNA aptamers modified with nuclease-resistant 2'-fluoropyrimidines. Polymerization assays were employed to identify aptamers with polymerization-inhibitory properties. Two noncompeting aptamers, DE3A and OX3B, were found to bind hemoglobin, significantly increase the delay time, and reduce the rate of polymerization of HbS. These modifiable, nuclease-resistant aptamers are potential new therapeutic agents for SCD.
Analysis of the absorption efficiency of graded-index double-clad fiber (2005)

The absorption efficiency of graded-index double-clad fiber lasers or amplifiers is investigated. As ray optics method is no longer valid for graded-index case, the mode analysis method is used in this paper. Calculated results show that absorption efficiency for a graded-index is higher than that for a step-index in symmetric case. In offset core case, the graded-index can achieve the same absorption efficiency with much smaller offset distance. The absorption efficiency for different graded-index profiles of the inner cladding is also calculated and compared.
Exploring mechanism of pioglitazone‐induced memory restorative effect in experimental dementia (2009)

The present study was undertaken to investigate possible mechanism of pioglitazone-induced beneficial effect in memory deficits associated with experimental dementia. Dementia was induced in Swiss albino mice by administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 3 mg/kg administered intracerebroventricularly on 1st & 3rd day). Morris Water-Maze test was employed to assess learning and memory of the animals. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured by Ell Mann's method. Brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured by Ohokawa's and Beutler's method respectively to assess total oxidative stress. Blood glucose level was also measured. Streptozotocin (STZ) produced a significant decrease in water-maze performance of mice hence reflecting loss of learning and memory. Pioglitazone (20 mg/kg p.o. daily for 14 days) successfully attenuated STZ-induced memory deficits, without any significant per se effect on blood glucose levels. Higher levels of brain AChE activity, TBARS and lower levels of GSH were observed in STZ treated animals, which were significantly attenuated by pioglitazone. Further, the noted beneficial effect of pioglitazone on STZ-induced dementia was significantly abolished by pre-treatment of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME (3 mg/kg i.p.) manifested in the terms of decrease in water-maze performance and increase in brain AChE activity as well as oxidative stress. It is concluded that anti-dementic effect of pioglitazone may involve central cholinergic, oxidative and NO pathways.
Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium (2006)

Bacillus megaterium DE BARY TRS-4 was isolated from tea rhizosphere and tested for its ability to promote growth and cause disease reduction in tea plants. In vivo studies revealed the ability of this bacterium to promote growth of tea plants very significantly. Brown root rot disease, caused by Fomes lamaoensis was markedly reduced by application of the bacterium to the soil. Population of F. lamaoensis in soil before and after application of B. megaterium, as determined by ELISA and dot-blot using PAb raised against the pathogen, was shown to be greatly reduced in presence of the bacterium. Biochemical changes induced in tea plants were also examined. Root colonization by B. megaterium and subsequent inoculation with F. lamaoensis also led to an increase in polyphenolics, as well as in defense related enzymes-peroxidase, chitinase, beta -1,3-glucanase and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase. Determination of mechanism of action of this bacterium revealed it to be able to solubilize phosphate, produce IAA, siderophore and antifungal metabolite. The plant growth promotion and reduction of disease intensity have been shown to be due to a combination of several mechanisms.
Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics (1991)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
Differential regulation of cell motility and invasion by FAK (2003)

Cell migration and invasion are fundamental components of tumor cell metastasis. Increased focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and tyrosine phosphorylation are connected with elevated tumorigenesis. Null mutation of FAK results in embryonic lethality, and FAK-/- fibroblasts exhibit cell migration defects in culture. Here we show that viral Src (v-Src) transformation of FAK-/- cells promotes integrin-stimulated motility equal to stable FAK reexpression. However, FAK-/- v-Src cells were not invasive, and FAK reexpression, Tyr-397 phosphorylation, and FAK kinase activity were required for the generation of an invasive cell phenotype. Cell invasion was linked to transient FAK accumulation at lamellipodia, formation of a FAK-Src-p130Cas-Dock180 signaling complex, elevated Rac and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation, and increased matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity. Our studies support a dual role for FAK in promoting cell motility and invasion through the activation of distinct signaling pathways.
Treatment of Advanced Malignant Melanoma by a Pyrogenic Bacterial Lysate. A Pilot Study (1991)

Fifteen patients (8 female, 7 male) with advanced melanoma received intravenous injections of a pyrogenic bacterial lysate consisting of streptococci and serratia marcescens. In three cases with skin metas-tases, this kind of treatment resulted in a total and long lasting remission. In another case with inguinal lymphnode metastases, a five month period of stability was achieved. The remaining eleven patients showed further progression of their disease. Side-effects of therapy included fever, nausea, headache, back pain, and – occasionally – herpes labialis. Laboratory analysis revealed a marked increase in the blood counts of monocytes 24 and 48 hours after injection of the bacterial lysate, while other hemopoietic cells did not show significant alterations. During peak temperatures four to six hours after injection, TNF-alpha serum levels were elevated correlating with the increase in body temperature. The increase in concentration of complexes of thrombin-antithrombin III, prothrombin fragments and soluble fibrin during peak temperatures indicate an activation of the coagulation system without evidence, however, of consumption coagulopathy.
Optimum delivery of telemedicine over low bandwidth satellite links (2005)

Telemedicine is frequently used to support the delivery of medicine to remote regions, but it can often be the case that these areas are poorly served by communications. The AIDMAN project investigates the delivery of telemedicine in remote regions of Greece using satellite. However the high cost of such links can severely limit the bandwidth available to applications. In addition the satellite link is a clear channel and may be configured to emulate any protocol. This presents a problem of determining which protocol may best support the applications. We have modelled the. three types of link protocol, circuit switched (ISDN), packet switched (TCP/IP) and cell switched (ATM) to determine how their characteristics affect the performance when bandwidth is severely restricted. We further investigate how performance may be optimised when the link is used to carry mixed traffic of real-time video conference and image transfer. Our simulation shows that TCP/IP can support telemedicine applications reasonably well, so long as the number of simultaneous image transfers are restricted. Furthermore, 1Pv6, which supports prioritisation of traffic, can overcome this restriction. Use of TCP/IP has further advantage, in that it permits integration of wider networks, is cheap, widely available and supports virtually all telemedicine applications. Real-time measurements using the virtual consultation workstations developed for the AIDMAN project on a low bandwidth link Implemented on routers connected using ISDN to simulate a link with 128 kbps and on the GALENOS satellite network confirms the findings of the simulation.
The absence of intrarenal ACE protects against hypertension (2013)

Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) can elicit hypertension independently from the systemic RAS. However, the precise mechanisms by which intrarenal Ang II increases blood pressure have never been identified. To this end, we studied the responses of mice specifically lacking kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to experimental hypertension. Here, we show that the absence of kidney ACE substantially blunts the hypertension induced by Ang II infusion (a model of high serum Ang II) or by nitric oxide synthesis inhibition (a model of low serum Ang II). Moreover, the renal responses to high serum Ang II observed in wild-type mice, including intrarenal Ang II accumulation, sodium and water retention, and activation of ion transporters in the loop of Henle (NKCC2) and distal nephron (NCC, ENaC, and pendrin) as well as the transporter activating kinases SPAK and OSR1, were effectively prevented in mice that lack kidney ACE. These findings demonstrate that ACE metabolism plays a fundamental role in the responses of the kidney to hypertensive stimuli. In particular, renal ACE activity is required to increase local Ang II, to stimulate sodium transport in loop of Henle and the distal nephron, and to induce hypertension.
Planar and vertical induction of anteroposterior pattern during the development of the amphibian central nervous system (1993)

In amphibians and other vertebrates, neural development is induced in the ectoderm by signals coming from the dorsal mesoderm during gastrulation. Classical embryological results indicated that these signals follow a "vertical" path, from the involuted dorsal mesoderm to the overlying ectoderm. Recent work with the frog Xenopus laevis, however, has revealed the existence of "planar" neural-inducing signals, which pass within the continuous sheet or plane of tissue formed by the dorsal mesoderm and presumptive neurectoderm. Much of this work has made use of Keller explants, in which dorsal mesoderm and ectoderm are cultured in a planar configuration with contact along only a single edge, and vertical contact is prevented. Planar signals can induce the full anteroposterior (A-P) extent of neural pattern, as evidenced in Keller explants by the expression of genes that mark specific positions along the A-P axis. In this review, classical and modern molecular work on vertical and planar induction will be discussed. This will be followed by a discussion of various models for vertical induction and planar induction. It has been proposed that the A-P pattern in the nervous system is derived from a parallel pattern of inducers in the dorsal mesoderm which is "imprinted" vertically onto the overlying ectoderm. Since it is now known that planar signals can also induce A-P neural pattern, this kind of model must be reassessed. The study of planar induction of A-P pattern in Xenopus embryos provides a simple, manipulable, two-dimensional system in which to investigate pattern formation.