gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized surface plasmon enhanced emission of organic light emitting diode coupled to DBR-cathode microcavity by using silver nanoclusters (2015)

In this work, we aim to increase the emission of the standard guest-host organic light emitting diode (OLED) thanks to localized surface plasmon and to investigate this effect in a microcavity. As a first step, we consider thermal deposition of silver clusters within an OLED guest-host stack. We investigate both the influence of the size of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and their position within the OLED heterostructure. Secondly, we study the optimized OLED within a microcavity formed by Al-cathode top mirror and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) bottom mirror. The experimental results show a substantial enhancement of the electroluminescence (EL) intensity as well as a reduction of the spectral width at a half maximum.
Visual Rhodopsin Sees the Light: Structure and Mechanism of G Protein Signaling (2007)

The availability of crystal structures for the dark, inactive, and several light-activated photointermediate states of vertebrate visual rhodopsin has provided important mechanistic and energetic insights into the transformations underlying agonist-dependent activation of this and other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The high natural abundance of rhodopsin in the vertebrate retina, together with its specific localization to the disk membranes of the rod cell, has also enabled direct imaging of rhodopsin in its native environment. These advances have provided compelling evidence that rhodopsin, like many other GPCRs, forms highly organized oligomeric structures that, in all likelihood, are important for receptor biosynthesis, optimal activation, and signaling.
Association Between Physical Activity, Physical Performance, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in an Elderly Population: The InCHIANTI Study (2005)

Current physical activity practice and performance are associated with inflammatory biomarkers. A significant beneficial association is already observed with light physical activity practice and intermediate performance.
Amplified Nucleic Acid Sensing Using Programmed Self-Cleaving DNAzyme (2003)

A newly designed target-assisted self-cleavage (TASC) probe composed of a target-binding site and a DNAzyme domain undergoes TASC when activated via hybridization with a target DNA/RNA. This self-splicing or self-dissociation reaction occurs in a catalytic manner with the probe as a substrate and the target as a catalyst, since the fragmented products are automatically released from the target, thus amplifying the sequence information of the latter under non-PCR, i.e., isothermal and enzyme/reagent-free, conditions. A fluorescence-reporting TASC probe having a fluorescein/dabsyl FRET pair across the cleavage site allows a mix-and-read discrimination of single-nucleotide differences in the target.
Numerical study of water coning control with Downhole Water Sink (DWS) completions in vertical and horizontal wells (2002)

Approximately 2.5 billion dollars is spent annually to solve the problem of produced water in oil and gas wells. Downhole Water Sink (DWS) technology is one industry solution to control water coning in oil wells. DWS technology involves the segregated production of oil and water through separate completions with zonal isolation packer. However, several problems have been experienced in the application of the technology in watered-out oil wells. This study identified two factors that could aid in a better modeling of the technology in old vertical wells – inclusion of capillary transition pressures and relative permeability hysteresis. It also identified a pressure enhanced capillary transition zone enlargement around the wellbore as responsible for the concurrent production of contaminated fluid from both completions. Another widely recommended industry solution to the problem of produced water is horizontal well technology. However, field reports indicates that water breakthrough into horizontal wells could be quite dramatic and tend to erode the merit of high deliverability. This study analyzed the problem of water cresting in horizontal wells and developed a “generalized compound friction pressure loss relation” for horizontal wells and pipes. The new relation includes factors such as perforations, oil-water emulsions, and radial influx of fluid into the wellbore as well as phase inversion. It also shows the results of the application of this relation in the modeling of water cresting in horizontal wells subject to bottom water drive. These results reveal an asymmetrical distribution of water influx skewed toward the heel in line with field observations. Finally, the study presents two innovative dual-completion concepts for controlling water cresting in horizontal wells adapting the principles of the Downhole Water Sink technology. The results of the initial studies shows that oil recovery could be improved by as much as 7 percent over conventional horizontal wells.
Tetranuclear Manganese-Oxo Aggregates Relevant to the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Center. Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Properties and Reactivity of Adamantane-Shaped [Mn4O6(bpea)4]4+ and the Reduced Mixed-Valence Analog [Mn4O6(bpea)4]3+ (1998)

The tetranuclear MnIV adamantane-like complex [Mn4O6(bpea)4](ClO4)4(1(ClO4)4) was isolated from a comproportionation reaction of Mn(ClO4)2·6H2O and [n-Bu4N][MnO4] with the ligand N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylamine (bpea) in acetonitrile. Characterization by X-ray crystallography reveals that the [Mn4O6(bpea)4]4+ cation approaches S4 point symmetry. There are three distinct types of Mn−N bonds and two types of bridging oxo ligands in 1. 1H NMR protonation studies of 1 in acetonitrile reveal that each type of oxo bridge renders a different protonation isomer and that the isomers are readily distinguished by their differences in solution structural symmetry and oxo bridge acidity. In addition, pH-dependent aqueous electrochemical studies show that the proton-coupled electron-transfer behavior of 1 is significant because it is the first example of a Mn-oxo aggregate exhibiting a e-/2H+ stoichiometry and because it displays pH-dependent e-/H+ stoichiometry. Remarkably, reaction of 1(BF4)4 with the tridentate nitrogen donor ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) in acetonitrile affords the one-electron reduced complex [Mn4O6(bpea)4](BF4)3 (2(BF4)3), rather than the anticipated ligand substituted product. Like 1, the [Mn4O6(bpea)4]3+ cation also contains the adamantane skeleton. The (MnIII)(MnIV)3 cluster of 2 contains a crystallographically distinguishable MnIII ion, as noted by elongation along the Nalkyl-Mn−Ooxo axis. The 1H NMR solution spectrum of 2 is consistent with a valence-delocalized (MnIII)(MnIV)3 cluster, indicating fast intramolecular electron transfer on the NMR time scale, and redox titration of 1 to 2 indicates slow intermolecular electron transfer on the same time scale. Solution magnetic susceptibility measurements in acetonitrile show that conversion of 1(ClO4)4 to 2(ClO4)3 is attendant with a change from net ferromagnetic coupling to overall moderate antiferromagnetic coupling within the manganese-oxo core. Isolation of the {Mn4O6} core in the (IV)4 and (III)(IV)3 oxidation states is facilitated by the relatively weak donor nature of the bpea ligand, in marked contrast to the strongly basic donor ligands 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) and 1,1,1-tris(aminomethyl)ethane (tame), which stabilize the higher oxidation state of the {Mn4O6} cluster, making the one-electron reduced form less accessible. The novel protonation and electrochemical properties of 1 are discussed in the context of the Kok cycle of photosynthetic water oxidation.
Mimecan/osteoglycin-deficient mice have collagen fibril abnormalities. (2002)

The results of the present study demonstrate that mimecan, similar to other members of the SLRP gene family, has a role in regulating collagen fibrillogenesis in vivo. Further studies, such as functional challenges, an evaluation of potential compensation by other proteins (including members of the SLRP family), and generation of double-knockouts will be necessary to fully uncover physiological functions of mimecan in mice.
Inhibitory Effects of Some Steroidal Saponins on Human Spermatozoain vitro (1996)

Twenty-nine C-27 steroidal saponins were tested for the inhibitory effects on human spermatozoa in vitro by means of a modified Sander-Cramer method. Twelve of them are responsible for this activity. The structure-activity relationship is discussed.
In Situ Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI) Analysis of Tissue Sections (2008)

INTRODUCTIONDesorption electrospray ionization (DESI) allows in situ analysis of biological tissues. The analysis of less abundant protein constituents within a tissue sample often requires the removal of lipid species prior to analysis, similar to the situation with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). After removal of lipid constituents, the tissue can be treated with protease to degrade proteins present in the tissue. The tryptic products can be investigated directly from the tissue using DESI. The spectra obtained feature ions of tryptic fragments from abundant proteins present in the tissue sample. The digestion is usually not complete; hence, the presence of missed cleavage sites is typical in the peptides detected. The signal is more stable for longer times than in the case of deposited samples, so the recording of mass spectrometry (MS)/MS data is simple in this case. DESI-MS is an emerging technique with great promise, but its application range is still being investigated. Therefore, the protocol for DESI-MS analysis of tissue sections presented here provides general procedures used for the applications that have been investigated so far. Optimal ion source parameters and surface types may vary depending on the application.
Browsing large pictures under limited display sizes (2006)

Pictures have become increasingly common and popular in mobile communications. However, due to the limitation of mobile devices, there is a need to develop new technologies to facilitate the browsing of large pictures on the small screen. In this paper, we propose a set of novel approaches which are able to aid or automate common image browsing tasks on mobile devices. All of these approaches are based on an image attention model which is employed to illustrate the information structure within an image. An efficient algorithm to generate the optimal browsing path based on the information foraging theory is presented. Experimental evaluations of the proposed mechanism indicate that our approach is an effective way for viewing large images on small displays
Walker-Warburg syndrome (2006)

The Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by lissencephaly, cerebellar and retinal malformations, and congenital muscular dystrophy. We report a new case of WWS identified with the aid of cranial MR and briefly review the radiologic findings of this lethal syndrome.
DNA Replication in Quiescent Cell Nuclei: Regulation by the Nuclear Envelope and Chromatin Structure (1999)

Quiescent nuclei from differentiated somatic cells can reacquire pluripotence, the capacity to replicate, and reinitiate a program of differentiation after transplantation into amphibian eggs. The replication of quiescent nuclei is recapitulated in extracts derived from activated Xenopus eggs; therefore, we have exploited this cell-free system to explore the mechanisms that regulate initiation of replication in nuclei from terminally differentiated Xenopus erythrocytes. We find that these nuclei lack many, if not all, pre-replication complex (pre-RC) proteins. Pre-RC proteins from the extract form a stable association with the chromatin of permeable nuclei, which replicate in this system, but not with the chromatin of intact nuclei, which do not replicate, even though these proteins cross an intact nuclear envelope. During extract incubation, the linker histones H1 and H1(0) are removed from erythrocyte chromatin by nucleoplasmin. We show that H1 removal facilitates the replication of permeable nuclei by increasing the frequency of initiation most likely by promoting the assembly of pre-RCs on chromatin. These data indicate that initiation in erythrocyte nuclei requires the acquisition of pre-RC proteins from egg extract and that pre-RC assembly requires the loss of nuclear envelope integrity and is facilitated by the removal of linker histone H1 from chromatin.
Combining equalization and estimation for bandwidth extension of narrowband speech (2004)

Current public telephone networks compromise voice quality by bandlimiting the speech signal. Telephone speech is characterized by a bandpass response from 300 to 3400 Hz. The voice quality is perceived as being much worse than for wideband speech (50-7000 Hz). We present a novel approach which combines equalization and estimation to create a wideband signal, with reconstructed components in the 3400 Hz to 7000 Hz range. Equalization is used in the 3400-4000 Hz range. Its performance is better than statistical estimation procedures, because the mutual dependencies between the narrowband and highband parameters are not sufficiently large. Subjective evaluation using an improvement category rating shows that the reconstructed wideband speech using both equalization and estimation substantially enhances the quality of telephone speech. We have also evaluated the performance on the narrowband output of several standard codecs. Overall, the use of equalization for part of the highband regeneration makes the system more robust to phonetic variability and speaker gender.
Lower antigen site density and weak D immunogenicity cannot be explained by structural genomic abnormalities or regulatory defects of the RHD gene (1997)

The weaker immunogenicity of weak D is not explained by structural difference in the RHD gene itself. The weaker expression of D might be caused by factors involved in the Rh-related complex or by an as yet unidentified suppressor gene. This study supports the concept that weak D phenotypes carry complete D polypeptides and reflect a quantitative rather than a qualitative variation of D.
Macrophage Depletion Inhibits Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (2003)

Generalized macrophage depletion reduced the size and leakage of laser-induced CNV and was associated with decreased macrophage infiltration and VEGF protein. These findings define the role of the macrophage as a critical component in initiating the laser-induced CNV response.
Stochastic Implementation and Analysis of Dynamical Systems Similar to the Logistic Map (2016)

Stochastic computing (SC) is a digital computation approach that operates on random bit streams to perform complex tasks with much smaller hardware footprints compared with conventional binary radix approaches. SC works based on the assumption that input bit streams are independent random sequences of 1s and 0s. Previous SC efforts have avoided implementing functions that have feedback, because doing so has the potential for creating highly correlated inputs. We propose a number of solutions to overcome the challenges of implementing feedback in stochastic logic. We use a family of dynamical system functions that are similar to the well-known logistic map x → μx(1- x) as case studies. We show that complex behaviors, such as period doubling and chaos, do indeed occur in digital logic with only a few gates operating on a few 0s and 1s. Our energy consumption is between 21% and 31% of the conventional binary approach. In order to verify our design methodology, we have measured the mean switching rate between the basins of attraction of two coexisting fixed points and the peak width of the steady-state distribution of the output using a logistic-map-like function as an example. Theoretical results match well with our numerical experiments.
Rectification of figures and photos in document images using bounding box interface (2010)

This paper proposes an algorithm for the segmentation and rectification of figures and photos in document images. The algorithm requires just a rough user-provided bounding box for the objects in a single-view image. On receiving the user's bounding box, it takes about 1-2 seconds to segment and rectify mega-pixel sized figures. The main feature of the algorithm is a novel segmentation method that exploits the properties of printed figures. Specifically, a set of boundary candidates is generated using the properties, and the optimal boundary in the set is found by using an alternating optimization scheme. This segmentation result is further refined so that it is well localized to the true boundary. In addition to our segmentation method, we also propose a new boundary interpolation method for the rectification of segmented figures. The method improves the quality of output by largely removing perspective distortions compared to conventional boundary interpolation methods. Experimental results on a variety of images show that the method is efficient, robust, and easy to use.
Nuclear Factor κB-inducing Kinase and IκB Kinase-α Signal Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation (2001)

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-inducing kinase (NIK), IkappaB kinase (IKK)-alpha and -beta, and IkappaBalpha are common elements that signal NF-kappaB activation in response to diverse stimuli. In this study, we analyzed the role of this pathway during insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)-induced myoblast differentiation. L6E9 myoblasts differentiated with IGF-II showed an induction of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity that correlated in time with the activation of IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NIK. Moreover, the activation of IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NIK by IGF-II was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, a key regulator of myogenesis. Adenoviral transduction with the IkappaBalpha(S32A/S36A) mutant severely impaired both IGF-II-dependent NF-kappaB activation and myoblast differentiation, indicating that phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at Ser-32 and Ser-36 is an essential myogenic step. Adenoviral transfer of wild-type or kinase-deficient forms of IKKalpha or IKKbeta revealed that IKKalpha is required for IGF-II-dependent myoblast differentiation, whereas IKKbeta is not essential for this process. Finally, overexpression of kinase-proficient wild-type NIK showed that the activation of NIK is sufficient to generate signals that trigger myogenin expression and multinucleated myotube formation in the absence of IGF-II.
TREM‐1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells): A New Player in Acute Inflammatory Responses (2003)

TREM-1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a recently discovered receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, activates neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages by signaling through the adapter protein DAP12. TREM-1 is the best-characterized member of a growing family of DAP12-associated receptors that regulate the function of myeloid cells in innate and adaptive responses. TREM-1 amplifies Toll-like receptor-initiated responses against microbial challenges and potentiates the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in response to bacterial and fungal infections. Blockade of TREM-1 reduces inflammation and increases survival in animal models of bacterial infections that cause systemic hyperinflammatory syndromes. The TREM-1 ligands are not known. Characterization of TREM-1 natural ligands will further illuminate the mechanisms regulating innate responses against pathogens. Whatever the ligands, targeted activation or blockade of TREM-1 and its ligands may help maximize the efficacy of existing treatments for sepsis.
Bandwidth expansion of speech based on vector quantization of the mel frequency cepstral coefficients (2003)

Telephone speech is usually limited to less than 4 kHz in bandwidth. This bandwidth limitation results in the typical sound of telephone speech. We present a new method of regenerating the high frequencies (4-8 kHz) based on vector quantization of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). We also present two methods to avoid perceptually annoying overestimates of the signal power in the high-band. Listening tests show the benefits of the new procedures. Use of MFCC for vector quantization instead of traditionally used spectral representations improves the quality of the speech significantly. Tests also show that the wide-band speech reconstructed with the method is significantly more pleasant to the human ear than the original narrowband speech.
A Randomized Study of Low-Dose Subcutaneous lnterleukin-2 Plus Melatonin versus Supportive Care Alone in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Progressing under 5-Fluorouracil and Folates (1995)

Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folates represents the first-line standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, whereas at present there is no conventional second-time treatment. Because of its importance in generating an effective anticancer immune response, interleukin-2 (IL-2) could constitute a new promising therapy of advanced colon cancer. Generally, IL-2 may determine tumor regressions in colon cancer only when it is given at high toxic doses. Our preliminary studies have shown that the pineal hormone melatonin may amplify IL-2 activity, which becomes active also at low doses in several tumor histotypes. On the basis, we have performed a clinical trial to evaluate the impact of low-dose IL-2 plus melatonin on the survival time in metastatic colon cancer, which progressed in response to 5-FU plus folates. The study included 50 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, who did not respond or progressed after initial response to first-line chemotherapy with 5-FU and folates. Patients were randomized to receive supportive care alone or low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 (3 million IU/day for 6 days/week for 4 weeks) plus melatonin (40 mg/day orally). No spontaneous tumor regression occurred in patients receiving supportive care alone. A partial response was achieved in 3/25 patients treated with immunotherapy. Percent survival at 1 year was significantly higher in patients treated with immunotherapy than in those treated with supportive care alone (9/25 vs. 3/25, p < 0.05). This study suggests that low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 plus melatonin may be effective as a second-line therapy to induce tumor regression and to prolong percent survival at 1 year in metastatic colorectal cancer patients progressing under 5-FU and folates.
Primary structure and muscle-specific expression of the 50-kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (adhalin). (1993)

The 50-kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (50-DAG) is a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which links the muscle cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. 50-DAG is specifically deficient in skeletal muscle of patients with severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy and in skeletal and cardiac muscles of BIO 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters. The lack of 50-DAG leads to a disruption and dysfunction of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in these diseases. The cDNA encoding 50-DAG has now been cloned from rabbit skeletal muscle. The 50-DAG deduced amino acid sequence predicts a novel protein having 387 amino acids, a 17-amino acid signal sequence, one transmembrane domain, and two potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. Affinity-purified antibodies against rabbit 50-DAG fusion proteins or synthetic peptides specifically recognized a 50-kDa protein in skeletal muscle sarcolemma and the 50-kDa component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. In contrast to dystroglycan, which is expressed in a wide variety of muscle and non-muscle tissues, 50-DAG is expressed only in skeletal and cardiac muscles and in selected smooth muscles. Finally, 50-DAG mRNA is present in mdx and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) muscle, indicating that the down-regulation of this protein in DMD and the mdx mouse is likely a post-translational event.