gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoresistive Properties of ITO Strain Sensors Prepared with Controlled Nanoporosity (2004)

A ceramic strain gage based on reactively sputtered indium-tinoxide (ITO) thin films is being developed to monitor the structural integrity of components employed in aerospace propulsion systems operating at temperatures in excess of 1500°C. The hightemperature stability and piezoresistive properties depend to a large extent on the thickness of the active ITO strain elements comprising these ceramic strain gages. Scanning electron microscopy of the thick ITO sensors revealed a partially sintered microstructure consisting of a contiguous network of submicrometer ITO particles with well-defined necks and isolated nanoporosity. It appeared that densification of the ITO particles was retarded during high-temperature exposure with nitrogen playing a key role in stabilizing the nanoporosity. Based on these preliminary results, ITO strain sensors were also prepared by reactive sputtering in various nitrogen/oxygen/argon partial pressures to incorporate more nitrogen into the films. Under these conditions, sintering and densification of the ITO particles containing these nitrogen-rich grain boundaries was retarded and a contiguous network of nanosized ITO particles was established. The influence of nitrogen in the sputtered and annealed ITO films on the microstructure and the high-temperature piezoresistive properties was investigated, and the results are presented in this paper. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1767839] All rights reserved.
The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor slow-release microcapsules on angiogenesis in infarcted rabbit myocardium. (2000)

Subepicardial administration of bFGF slow-release microcapsule in the infarcted rabbit model results in effective angiogenesis and reduction in infarct size.
Bacterial Interference Caused by Autoinducing Peptide Variants (1997)

The synthesis of virulence factors and other extracellular proteins by Staphylococcus aureus is globally controlled by the agr locus, which encodes a two-component signaling pathway whose activating ligand is an agr-encoded autoinducing peptide. The cognate peptides produced by some strains inhibit the expression of agr in other strains, and the amino acid sequences of peptide and receptor are markedly different between such strains, suggesting a hypervariability-generating mechanism. Cross-inhibition of gene expression represents a type of bacterial interference that could be correlated with the ability of one strain to exclude others from infection or colonization sites, or both.
Niacin and laropiprant (2010)

Nicotinic acid (niacin) is one of the oldest drugs used to treat dyslipidemia. In addition to modestly lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a), niacin is currently the most effective available agent for raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Despite its well-documented beneficial effects on lipids, the clinical use of niacin has been limited by its side effect profile, notably flushing. This sensation of cutaneous vasodilatation and burning has limited patient compliance and is a frequent cause of discontinuation of the drug. While pretreatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, may reduce the incidence of flushing, present-day niacin still results in flushing in many patients. Recent studies have elucidated what we currently understand as the molecular mechanism that mediates niacin-induced flushing, specifically that niacin acting through its receptor stimulates the production of several prostaglandins, including prostaglandin (PG) I(2), PGE(2) and PGD(2). Laropiprant is a potent, highly selective prostaoid DP(1) receptor antagonist that decreases the incidence and intensity of niacin-induced flushing without affecting its beneficial lipid effects. Thus, laropiprant, when used in conjunction with niacin, can improve the tolerability of niacin and aid in medication compliance. This paper reviews the data suggesting the importance of raising HDL with niacin, describes the pharmacology of the drug, and examines the potential beneficial effects of combining niacin with laropiprant.
A perspective on massive random-access (2017)

This paper discusses the contemporary problem of providing multiple-access (MAC) to a massive number of uncoordinated users. First, we define a random-access code for K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> -user Gaussian MAC to be a collection of norm-constrained vectors such that the noisy sum of any K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> of them can be decoded with a given (suitably defined) probability of error. An achievability bound for such codes is proposed and compared against popular practical solutions: ALOHA, coded slotted ALOHA, CDMA, and treating interference as noise. It is found out that as the number of users increases existing solutions become vastly energy-inefficient. Second, we discuss the asymptotic (in blocklength) problem of coding for a K-user Gaussian MAC when K is proportional to blocklength and each user's payload is fixed. It is discovered that the energy-per-bit vs. spectral efficiency exhibits a rather curious tradeoff in this case.
Ab initiostudy ofAg∕Al2O3andAu∕Al2O3interfaces (2005)

Structural stability, adhesion, and chemical bonding of the $\mathrm{Ag}(111)∕\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (0001) and $\mathrm{Au}(111)∕\ensuremath{\alpha}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (0001) interfaces are investigated by an ab initio approach based on density functional theory. The interfaces are shown to have different stable structures of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$, Al, or O termination depending on the chemical potential of aluminum or oxygen atom. A link to thermodynamic factors, i.e., the partial pressure of oxygen gas or the activity of aluminum, is established based on the ab initio thermodynamics developed recently. For condition applicable to sessile drop experiments, the O-terminated interface could exist for the $\mathrm{Ag}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ system but be hard to observe for the $\mathrm{Au}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interfaces, consistent with the known experiments. The ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$ termination is possible for the $\mathrm{Au}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interface at relatively low ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ pressure or high Al activity but may be hard to form for the $\mathrm{Ag}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interface. Works of adhesion ${W}_{\mathrm{ad}}$ of the stoichiometric interfaces are calculated to be $0.33\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and $0.59\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in local density approximation (LDA) for the $\mathrm{Ag}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interface, $0.29\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in GGA and $0.58\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in LDA for the $\mathrm{Au}∕{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ interface, in reasonable agreement with measured data.
Regioselective Glucuronidation of Diosmetin and Chrysoeriol by the Interplay of Glucuronidation and Transport in UGT1A9-Overexpressing HeLa Cells (2016)

This study aimed to determine the reaction kinetics of the regioselective glucuronidation of diosmetin and chrysoeriol, two important methylated metabolites of luteolin, by human liver microsomes (HLMs) and uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) enzymes. This study also investigated the effects of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) on the efflux of diosmetin and chrysoeriol glucuronides in HeLa cells overexpressing UGT1A9 (HeLa-UGT1A9). After incubation with HLMs in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid, diosmetin and chrysoeriol gained two glucuronides each, and the OH-in each B ring of diosmetin and chrysoeriol was the preferable site for glucuronidation. Screening assays with 12 human expressed UGT enzymes and chemical-inhibition assays demonstrated that glucuronide formation was almost exclusively catalyzed by UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9. Importantly, in HeLa-UGT1A9, Ko143 significantly inhibited the efflux of diosmetin and chrysoeriol glucuronides and increased their intracellular levels in a dose-dependent manner. This observation suggested that BCRP-mediated excretion was the predominant pathway for diosmetin and chrysoeriol disposition. In conclusion, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 were the chief contributors to the regioselective glucuronidation of diosmetin and chrysoeriol in the liver. Moreover, cellular glucuronidation was significantly altered by inhibiting BCRP, revealing a notable interplay between glucuronidation and efflux transport. Diosmetin and chrysoeriol possibly have different effects on anti-cancer due to the difference of UGT isoforms in different cancer cells.
Functional Expression of the Extraplastidial Arabidopsis thaliana Oleate Desaturase Gene (FAD2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The functional expression in yeast of the Arabidopsis thaliana FAD2 gene, encoding the extraplastidial oleate desaturase (1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine delta 12-desaturase) is reported. Dienoic fatty acids constituted up to 11% (w/w) of the total fatty acids in transformed Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and were confirmed to be linoleic acid and delta 9, delta 12-hexadecadienoic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Anti-Folate Receptor Alpha–Directed Antibody Therapies Restrict the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack validated therapeutic targets and have high risk of metastatic disease. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a central mediator of cell growth regulation that could serve as an important target for cancer therapy.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We evaluated FRα expression in breast cancers by genomic (<i>n</i> = 3,414) and IHC (<i>n</i> = 323) analyses and its association with clinical parameters and outcomes. We measured the functional contributions of FRα in TNBC biology by RNA interference and the antitumor functions of an antibody recognizing FRα (MOv18-IgG1), <i>in vitro</i>, and in human TNBC xenograft models.<b>Results:</b> FRα is overexpressed in significant proportions of aggressive basal like/TNBC tumors, and in postneoadjuvant chemotherapy-residual disease associated with a high risk of relapse. Expression is associated with worse overall survival. TNBCs show dysregulated expression of thymidylate synthase, folate hydrolase 1, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, involved in folate metabolism. RNA interference to deplete FRα decreased Src and ERK signaling and resulted in reduction of cell growth. An anti-FRα antibody (MOv18-IgG1) conjugated with a Src inhibitor significantly restricted TNBC xenograft growth. Moreover, MOv18-IgG1 triggered immune-dependent cancer cell death <i>in vitro</i> by human volunteer and breast cancer patient immune cells, and significantly restricted orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft growth.<b>Conclusions:</b> FRα is overexpressed in high-grade TNBC and postchemotherapy residual tumors. It participates in cancer cell signaling and presents a promising target for therapeutic strategies such as ADCs, or passive immunotherapy priming Fc-mediated antitumor immune cell responses. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5098-111. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Accelerated graft atherosclerosis following cardiac transplantation: Do viruses play a role? (1991)

Summary: A member of the herpesvirus family is known to cause atherosclerosis in chickens. The same virus can induce a proliferative disease, malignant lymphoma, suggesting that it may also have the potential to stimulate the proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells, a prominent feature of atherogenesis. The evidence for involvement of one or more members of the herpesvirus family in atherosclerosis in humans is much more circumstantial. The findings of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens and nucleic acid sequences in arterial smooth muscle cells suggest that viral infection of the arterial wall may be common in the general population, including patients with severe atherosclerosis. In seroepidemiologic studies, high levels of CMV antibodies were found to be associated with clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease, suggesting that a periodically activated latent infection or a continuously active infection is present in patients with atherosclerosis. Since the viral genome but not infectious virus is found in arterial cells, the artery itself may be the site of CMV latency. Of special importance is the recent finding that heart transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed and actively infected with CMV are particularly prone to develop severe atherosclerosis in the transplanted organ. Although certainly suggestive, these observations by themselves do not demonstrate that viruses have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but they support a working hypothesis of the steps involved.
Overview of phase I studies of intravenous administration of PV701, an oncolytic virus. (2003)

PV701 is an attenuated, non-recombinant, oncolytic strain of Newcastle disease virus that displays preclinical intravenous (i.v.) efficacy. PV701 selectively lyses tumor cells versus normal cells based on tumor-specific defects in the interferon-mediated antiviral response. In three phase I trials in 113 patients, the effects of dose, schedule and i.v. infusion rate were evaluated. Three types of adverse events were seen: flu-like, tumor-site-specific and those occurring during infusion. The first PV701 dose desensitized the patient to the side effects of further doses, allowing a 5- to 10-fold increase in the maximum-tolerated dose for subsequent doses compared with the first dose. Tumor responses were first noted at the higher doses achieved using desensitization. In 95 evaluable patients, there were ten responses (six major and four minor), with five of these responses occurring in the most recent trial of 18 patients that employed desensitization, high repeat doses and a slower infusion rate. Phase II studies are planned.
Compensatory role of P-glycoproteins in knockout mice lacking the bile salt export pump # (2009)

P-glycoprotein functions as a critical compensatory mechanism, which reduces the severity of cholestasis in Bsep knockout mice.
The Amyloid Precursor Protein of Alzheimer's Disease in the Reduction of Copper(II) to Copper(I) (1996)

The transition metal ion copper(II) has a critical role in chronic neurologic diseases. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) of Alzheimer's disease or a synthetic peptide representing its copper-binding site reduced bound copper(II) to copper(I). This copper ion-mediated redox reaction led to disulfide bond formation in APP, which indicated that free sulfhydryl groups of APP were involved. Neither superoxide nor hydrogen peroxide had an effect on the kinetics of copper(II) reduction. The reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) by APP involves an electron-transfer reaction and could enhance the production of hydroxyl radicals, which could then attack nearby sites. Thus, copper-mediated toxicity may contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Magnetoresistive sensor for weak magnetic fields (1997)

A new excitation technique is described for the measurement of weak magnetic fields (&amp;lt;0.01 Oe). The resistance variation of a magnetoresistive element due to an oscillating excitation field is converted into a voltage proportional to the environmental field. The excitation field amplitude is set large enough to saturate the magnetization during each half-cycle, greatly reducing hysteresis effects in the output signal. Both anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) structures have been used to measure fields with sufficient accuracy for compass applications. Such devices could be made with extremely small dimensions and power requirements.
Insulin sensitivity: modulation by nutrients and inflammation (2008)

Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms by which brief nutrient excess and obesity lead to insulin resistance and propose that these mechanisms of action are different but interrelated. We discuss how pathways that "sense" nutrients within skeletal muscle are readily able to regulate insulin action. We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. Overall, we provide our integrative perspective regarding how nutrients and obesity interact to regulate insulin sensitivity.
Generalized predictive control with load torque observation for induction motor (2011)

A generalized predictive control (GPC) law with a disturbance observer for induction motor is presented. The controlled auto-regressive moving average (CARIMA) model for induction motor drive system was established based on the analysis of the dynamic equation, and the load torque is considered as an unknown disturbance and it is estimated by a nonlinear observer. By combination of the direct torque control system, the GPC algorithm was applied to configure the torque reference. The stability of the whole system can be achieved by simple design parameters. The simulations show satisfactory performance of the proposed controller for speed tracking, and speed response and the disturbance rejection are successfully achieved.
Investigating the effectiveness of tactile feedback for mobile touchscreens (2008)

This paper presents a study of finger-based text entry for mobile devices with touchscreens. Many devices are now coming to market that have no physical keyboards (the Apple iPhone being a very popular example). Touchscreen keyboards lack any tactile feedback and this may cause problems for entering text and phone numbers. We ran an experiment to compare devices with a physical keyboard, a standard touchscreen and a touchscreen with tactile feedback added. We tested this in both static and mobile environments. The results showed that the addition of tactile feedback to the touchscreen significantly improved finger-based text entry, bringing it close to the performance of a real physical keyboard. A second experiment showed that higher specification tactile actuators could improve performance even further. The results suggest that manufacturers should use tactile feedback in their touchscreen devices to regain some of the feeling lost when interacting on a touchscreen with a finger.
Manipulation of Medically Important Insect Vectors by Their Parasites (2002)

Many of the most harmful parasitic diseases are transmitted by blood-feeding insect vectors. During this stage of their life cycles, selection pressures favor parasites that can manipulate their vectors to enhance transmission. Strategies may include increasing the amount of contact between vector and host, reducing vector reproductive output and consequently altering vector resource management to increase available nutrient reserves, and increasing vector longevity. Manipulation of these life-history traits may be more beneficial at some phase of the parasite's developmental process than at others. This review examines empirical, experimental, and field-based evidence to evaluate examples of changes in vector behavior and physiology that might be construed to be manipulative. Examples are mainly drawn from malaria-infected mosquitoes, Leishmania-infected sandflies, and Trypanosoma-infected tsetse flies.
Cell and matrix biology of the suprapatella in the rat: A structural and immunocytochemical study of fibrocartilage in a tendon subject to compression (1991)

The structure, ultrastructure, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry of the suprapatella have been described in the rat. The suprapatella is a fibrocartilaginous sesamoid within the tendon of quadriceps femoris that articulates with the femoral condyles during flexion of the knee joint and reduces the amount of bending required at the tendon-bone junction. The cells of the suprapatella were much larger and more numerous than those in the associated tendon and were packed with vimentin-containing, intermediate filaments. The tendon cells contained far fewer filaments. The cells of both regions contained actin and tubulin. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that the suprapatellar cells were embedded in a matrix that is rich in chondroitin sulphate, but does not contain keratan or heparan sulphate. The fibrocartilage of the adjacent attachment zone of the quadriceps tendon also contained chondroitin sulphate, but in addition was rich in type II collagen. The structure of the suprapatella was similar to that of the fibrocartilaginous regions of tendons that pass around bony pulleys. However, there were differences in matrix composition that could reflect functional differences between the fibrocartilages.
Entire nucleotide sequence of the pullulanase gene of Klebsiella aerogenes W70 (1987)

We determined the entire nucleotide sequence of the Klebsiella aerogenes W70 pullulanase gene (pulA) contained on a 4.2-kilobase-pair fragment of plasmid pPB174. The amino acid composition deduced from an open reading frame of 3,288 base pairs agreed closely with that determined for the intracellular pullalanase. The precursor enzyme consisted of 1,096 amino acid residues and contained a hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide and the consensus sequence for the bacterial prelipoprotein signal peptide cleavage site.
Flp recombinase promotes site-specific DNA recombination in embryonic stem cells and transgenic mice. (1996)

Site-specific recombinases are being developed as tools for "in vivo" genetic engineering because they can catalyze precise excisions, integrations, inversions, or translocations of DNA between their distinct recognition target sites. Here it is demonstrated that Flp recombinase can effectively mediate site-specific excisional recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells, in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells, and in transgenic mice. Broad Flp expression is compatible with normal development, suggesting that Flp can be used to catalyze recombination in most cell types. These properties indicate that Flp can be exploited to make prescribed alterations in the mouse genome.