gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper‐in‐Charcoal (Cu/C): Heterogeneous, Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylations (2006)

Asymmetrische Kupferchemie …︁ heterogen durchgeführt? Ja, es geht: Der leicht herstellbare Katalysator Kupfer-in-Aktivkohle (Cu/C) wird problemlos in situ in eine nichtracemisch ligierte Kupferhydrid-Form überführt, die asymmetrische Hydrosilylierungen bewirkt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503149_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genetic Diversity of ospC in a Local Population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (1999)

Abstract The outer surface protein, OspC, is highly variable in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the agent of Lyme disease. We have shown that even within a single population OspC is highly variable. The variation of ospA and ospC in the 40 infected deer ticks collected from a single site on Shelter Island, New York, was determined using PCR-SSCP. There is very strong apparent linkage disequilibrium between ospA and ospC alleles, even though they are located on separate plasmids. Thirteen discernible SSCP mobility classes for ospC were identified and the DNA sequence for each was determined. These sequences, combined with 40 GenBank sequences, allow us to define 19 major ospC groups. Sequences within a major ospC group are, on average, &amp;lt;1% different from each other, while sequences between major ospC groups are, on average, ∼20% different. The tick sample contains 11 major ospC groups, GenBank contains 16 groups, with 8 groups found in both samples. Thus, the ospC variation within a local population is almost as great as the variation of a similar-sized sample of the entire species. The Ewens-Watterson-Slatkin test of allele frequency showed significant deviation from the neutral expectation, indicating balancing selection for these major ospC groups. The variation represented by major ospC groups needs to be considered if the OspC protein is to be used as a serodiagnostic antigen or a vaccine.
Inhibition of GTPase Activating Protein Stimulation of Ras-p21 GTPase by the K rev -1 Gene Product (1990)

Krev-1 is known to suppress transformation by ras. However, the mechanism of the suppression is unclear. The protein product of Krev-1, Rap1A-p21, is identical to Ras-p21 proteins in the region where interaction with guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein (GAP) is believed to occur. Therefore, the ability of GAP to interact with Rap1A-p21 was tested. Rap1A-p21 was not activated by GAP but bound tightly to GAP and was an effective competitive inhibitor of GAP-mediated Ras-GTPase activity. Binding of GAP to Rap1A-p21 was strictly guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent. The ability of Rap1A-p21 to bind tightly to GAP may account for Krev-1 suppression of transformation by ras. This may occur by preventing interaction of GAP with Ras-p21 or with other cellular proteins necessary for GAP-mediated Ras GTPase activity.
Photo-Patternable Hole-Transport Polymers for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2003)

A series of soluble arylamine-based hole transporting polymers with various ionization potentials have been synthesized. The synthetic methodology allows for substitution of aryl groups on the amine with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating moieties which permits tuning of the redox potential of the polymer. The arylamine-based monomers have been copolymerized with cinnamate-based moieties to obtain photo-cross-linkable polymers. These materials can be cross-linked and patterned using a standard mask aligner designed for photolithographic applications. UV cross-linking conditions were optimized to obtain an insoluble hole-transport layer with stable electroluminescent properties. Using a photolithographic mask, these materials have been patterned into 10−50-μm-size features. These polymers have been used as hole-transport layers (HTLs) in multilayer light-emitting diodes ITO/HTL/AlQ3/Mg:Ag [ITO = indium tin oxide, AlQ3 = tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum]. The electroluminescent properties have been evaluated and compared between devices made from polymers with different ionization potentials. Electroluminescent devices have been fabricated using a multilayered structure of spin-coated hole-transport materials to enhance the overall electroluminescent properties. Fully spin-coated devices have also been fabricated by spinning a blend of polystyrene and AlQ3 on top of a cross-linked hole-transport layer.
The structure, biology and potential therapeutic applications of recombinant thrombopoietin (1994)

Platelets, an integral component of hemostasis, are produced by megakaryocytes derived from the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow or spleen. After decades of study, the regulation of this process is still not well understood. However, the recent cloning and characterization of thrombopoietin, a ligand for the receptor encoded by the c-mpl proto-oncogene, provides new insights into the humoral regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. Consistent with the proposed role as a major physiological regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis, thrombopoietin has potent effects on megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the original supposition that thrombopoietin functions as a late-acting megakaryocyte maturation factor, recombinant thrombopoietin proves also to be a potent stimulator of hematopoietic progenitor cells, inducing them to undergo proliferation and differentiation into megakaryocytic colonies. When administered to mice, thrombopoietin causes an increase in peripheral platelet numbers to previously unattainable levels within a few days. Studies of the efficacy of thrombopoietin are underway. It is envisaged that this new cytokine will have widespread applications as a therapeutic agent for the management of bleeding due to thrombocytopenias, in particular those resulting from cancer chemo- or irradiation therapy.
Identification and function of long non-coding RNA (2013)

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are defined as non-protein coding RNAs distinct from housekeeping RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and snRNAs, and independent from small RNAs with specific molecular processing machinery such as micro- or piwi-RNAs. Recent studies of lncRNAs across different species have revealed a diverse population of RNA molecules of differing size and function. RNA sequencing studies suggest transcription throughout the genome, so there is a need to understand how sequence relates to functional and structural relationships amongst RNA molecules. Our synthesis of recent studies suggests that neither size, presence of a poly-A tail, splicing, direction of transcription, nor strand specificity are of importance to lncRNA function. Rather, relative genomic position in relation to a target is fundamentally important. In this review, we describe issues of key importance in functional assessment of lncRNA and how this might apply to lncRNAs important in neurodevelopment.
Molecular diversity of anticoagulants from haematophagous animals (2009)

To obtain blood meals, haematophagous animals are armed with potent pharmacological molecules to overcome several of their hosts' response systems. Among them, a large number of exogenous anticoagulants which target the haemostatic system have been identified and characterised. Studies on these anticoagulants have expanded our knowledge on the blood coagulation system, and provided a valuable source of antithrombotic therapeutic agents. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic, structural and proteomic tools greatly accelerated the discovery and analysis of the exogenous anticoagulants in recent years. The molecular diversity observed in these molecules is huge and is constantly expanding. In this review, we will provide an overview on the structure, function and mechanism of the exogenous anticoagulants from haematophagous animals and rationalise their molecular diversity.
Identification of Potential Stroke Targets by Lentiviral Vector Mediated Overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in a Primary Neuronal Model of Hypoxia (2004)

The identification of genes differentially regulated by ischemia will lead to an improved understanding of cell death pathways such as those involved in the neuronal loss observed following a stroke. Furthermore, the characterization of such pathways could facilitate the identification of novel targets for stroke therapy. We have used a novel approach to amplify differential gene expression patterns in a primary neuronal model of stroke by employing a lentiviral vector system to specifically bias the transcriptional activation of hypoxically regulated genes. Overexpression of the hypoxia-induced transcription factor subunits HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha elevated hypoxia-mediated transcription of many known HIF-regulated genes well above control levels. Furthermore, many potentially novel HIF-regulated genes were discovered that were not previously identified as hypoxically regulated. Most of the novel genes identified were activated by a combination of HIF-2 alpha overexpression and hypoxic insult. These included several genes with particular importance in cell survival pathways and of potential therapeutic value. Hypoxic induction of HIF-2 alpha may therefore be a critical factor in mediating protective responses against ischemic injury. Further investigation of the genes identified in this study may provide increased understanding of the neuronal response to hypoxia and may uncover novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Building, using, and managing the data warehouse (1997)

1. Introduction. The Transformation of Information Systems Technology: A Data Warehousing Manifesto, Ramon Barquin, The Data Warehousing Institute. 2. Building the Data Warehouse. Building Successful Data Warehouses, Dick Hackathorn, Bolder Technology. Parallel Computing for Data Warehouses, Mark Sweiger, Sequent. Migrating Data from Legacy Systems: Challenges and Solutions, Katherine Hammer, ETI. Building Data Warehouses with the Tools You Have, Karen Grippo, DBIS. 3. Using the Data Warehouse. Data Warehouses and the Mobile User, David Menninger, IRI. Requirements for Data Retrieval, Katherine Glassey, Edholm (Brio). Advanced Data Mining, Paul Barth, Tessera Enterprise Systems. Data Quality and Data Warehousing, Ken Orr, The Ken Orr Institute. 4. Managing the Data Warehouse. Ten Mistakes to Avoid for Data Warehousing Managers, Ramon Barquin, The Data Warehousing Institute, Alan Paller, CIO Institute, and Herb Edelstein, Euclid Associates. How to Make Your Data Warehouse Mission Critical, C.L. Meador, MST and Richard Franklin, CIGNA. Maintaining the Data Warehouse, J.D. Welch, PRISM Solutions. Staffing Your Data Warehouses, Hugh Watson, University of Georgia. 5. Some Case Studies. The Naval Surface Warfare Center: A Warehouse Case Study, Carol Burleson and David Tabler, both of the NSWC. ENTERGY Corporation: A Data Warehousing Success Story, Boris Bosch, ENTERGY.
Proliposomes of indomethacin for oral administration (1991)

Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug was encapsulated into liposomes composed of soyabean lecithin, cholesterol and stearylamine for oral administration. Liposomes of homogenous size distribution and higher entrapment efficiency were derived from effervescent granule based proliposomes. The efficacy of the oral route was studied by measuring ulcerogenic index and anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw oedema test in rats. The effervescent granule based liposomal products exhibited improved in vivo performance with reference to their cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
现代资产阶级的“马克思学”批判 (1900)

一、“马克思学”反马克思主义的实质在本世纪的五十一六十年代,西方资产阶级报刊开始大谈“马克思的复兴时代”,后来逐渐形成一种所谓“马克思学”的独立学科。到了六十—七十年代,“马克思学”在资本主义国家的理论界已引人注目,在联邦德国、美国、法国和英国,都有目的地培训一些“人材”,对科学共产主义奠基人的生平、活动和遗作进行完全特殊的“研究”,其特点是试图从马克思主义中寻找批判马克思主义的依据。在“马克思学”刚出现时,它主要是通过夸大马克思早期的反映黑格尔思辨哲学或费尔巴哈抽象人文主义思想的著作的作用和地位,来歪曲马克
HMGB1: A novel Beclin 1-binding protein active in autophagy (2010)

The autophagosome delivers damaged cytoplasmic constituents and proteins to the lysosome or to the extracellular space. Beclin 1, an essential: autophagic protein, is a BH3-only protein that binds Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic family members and has a critical role in the initiation of autophagy. How the Beclin 1 complex specifically promotes autophagy remains largely unknown. We have found that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a chromatin-associated nuclear protein and extracellular damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP), is a novel Beclin 1-binding protein important in sustaining autophagy. HMGB1 shares considerable sequence homology with Beclin 1 in yeast, mice and human, representing an evolutionarily conserved regulatory step in early autophagosome formation. Endogenous HMGB1 competes with Bcl-2 for interaction with Beclin 1, and orients Beclin 1 to autophagosomes. Moreover, the intramolecular disulfide bridge (C23/45) of HMGB1 is required for binding to Beclin 1 and sustaining autophagy. Taken together, these findings indicate that endogenous HMGB1 functions as an autophagy effector by regulation of autophagosome formation.
Process development for Escherichia coli based pyruvate production (2002)

The commercial demand for pyruvic acid has increased greatly in past decades owing to it various applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, apart from the fact that pyruvate represents one of the most important metabolites in the central metabolism of the living cells. Pyruvic acid is produced on an industrial scale by the classical approach including dehydration and decarboxylation of tartaric acid in the presence of saturating amounts of potassium hydrogen sulfate followed by vacuum distillation. Although this process is simple to realize, it is not cost effective and does not fulfill demands for sustainable processes with low energy input. Therefore, different alternative biotechnological approaches for sustainable and environmental friendly pyruvate production have been developed. These process alternatives can be divided in the three different groups, enzymatic, resting cells and fermentation processes. Fermentation methods offer the opportunity to produce pyruvate from the sustainable low-cost substrate with high product/susbtrate yield, while avoiding the co production of unwanted byproducts. Pyruvate production process which use strain Escherichia coli YYC202 ldhA::Kan offers the best possibilities for downstream processing while it achieved in the same time the highest titers, pyruvate/glucose yield and volumetric productivities. This strain is completely blocked in its ability to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA or acetate, resulting in acetate auxotrophy during growth on minimal medium. Different process strategies, e.g. fed-batch, repetitive fed-batch, continuous with cell retention were developed and tested in order to optimized pyruvate production process. Experimentally observed inhibition by high pyruvate concentration in reaction mixture was overcome by development of in situ product recovery with fully integrated electrodialysis. Furthermore, modeling studies were performed to identify simple, easy-to-use and robust model that is suitable to support the engineering tasks of process optimization and design. Model which combined pyruvate inhibited growth and pyruvate inhibited product formation was identified as the best choice for description of bioconversion of glucose to pyruvate using genetically modified strain E. coli YYC202 ldhA::Kan. Results of the model simulation together with the experimental results were the base for the economical and ecological evaluation of the pyruvate production process. Process evaluation was performed using expected production process built in SuperPro Designer.
Replication of parvovirus B19 in hematopoietic progenitor cells generated in vitro from normal human peripheral blood (1992)

Erythroid progenitor cells generated in vitro from peripheral human blood in the presence of interleukin-3 and erythropoietin were infected with human parvovirus B19. B19 virus DNA replication was highest 48 to 72 h after infection, and maximum levels of B19 virus proteins were detected in culture supernatants at 72 to 96 h after infection. B19 virus propagated in vitro was infectious. This cell culture system with peripheral blood cells facilitates studies in vitro of B19 virus replication.
Overcoming the Bell-Shaped Dose-Response of Cannabidiol by Using &lt;i&gt;Cannabis&lt;/i&gt; Extract Enriched in Cannabidiol (2015)

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major constituent of Cannabis, has been shown to be a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety drug, without exerting a psychotropic effect. However, when given either intraperitoneally or orally as a purified product, a bell-shaped dose-response was observed, which limits its clinical use. In the present study, we have studied in mice the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of standardized plant extracts derived from the Cannabis sativa L., clone 202, which is highly enriched in CBD and hardly contains any psychoactive ingredients. In stark contrast to purified CBD, the clone 202 extract, when given either intraperitoneally or orally, provided a clear correlation between the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive responses and the dose, with increasing responses upon increasing doses, which makes this plant medicine ideal for clinical uses. The clone 202 extract reduced zymosan-induced paw swelling and pain in mice, and prevented TNFα production in vivo. It is likely that other components in the extract synergize with CBD to achieve the desired anti-inflammatory action that may contribute to overcoming the bell-shaped dose-response of purified CBD. We therefore propose that Cannabis clone 202 (Avidekel) extract is superior over CBD for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
PHASE-I STUDY MEDI-534, OF A LIVE, ATTENUATED INTRANASAL VACCINE AGAINST RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS IN SEROPOSITIVE CHILDREN (2009)

A live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine was evaluated in healthy respiratory syncytial virus/parainfluenza virus type 3 seropositive children aged 1 to 9 years. Three cohorts of 40 children were randomized 1:1 to receive 10, 10, or 10 median tissue culture infectious dose50 MEDI-534 vaccine or placebo. The vaccine's safety profile was similar to placebo, no viral shedding was detected, and the vaccine was minimally immunogenic.
Small Multivalent Architectures Mimicking Homotrimers of the TNF Superfamily Member CD40L:  Delineating the Relationship between Structure and Effector Function (2007)

Synthetic multivalent ligands, owing to the presence of multiple copies of a recognition motif attached to a central scaffold, can mediate clustering of cell surface receptors and thereby function as effector molecules. This paper dissects the relationship between structure and effector function of synthetic multivalent ligands targeting CD40, a cell surface receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily. Triggering CD40 signaling in vivo can be used to enhance immunity against intracellular pathogens or tumors. A series of multimeric molecules has been prepared by systematically varying the shape and the valency of the central scaffold, the nature and the length of the linker as well as the sequence of the receptor binding motif. The data reported here (i) suggest that radial distribution of CD40-binding units and C3-symmetry are preferred for optimal binding to CD40 and signaling, (ii) underscore the importance of choosing an appropriate linker to connect the receptor binding motif to the central scaffold, and (iii) show the versatility of planar cyclic alpha- and beta-peptides as templates for the design of CD40L mimetics. In particular, the (Ahx)3-B trimeric scaffold-linker combination equally accommodated binding elements derived from distinct CD40L hot-spot regions including AA" loop and beta-strand E. The use of miniCD40Ls such as those reported here is complementary to other approaches (recombinant ligands, agonistic anti-receptor antibodies) and may find interesting therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the results disclosed in this paper provide the basis for future design of other TNF family member mimetics.
Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism (2008)

Non-thrombotic PE does not represent a distinct clinical syndrome. It may be due to a variety of embolic materials and result in a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, making the diagnosis difficult. With the exception of severe air and fat embolism, the haemodynamic consequences of non-thrombotic emboli are usually mild. Treatment is mostly supportive but may differ according to the type of embolic material and clinical severity.
Formation of Oxynitride as the Photocatalytic Enhancing Site in Nitrogen‐Doped Titania Nanocatalysts: Comparison to a Commercial Nanopowder (2005)

Abstract A nitrogen‐doped TiO 2 nanocolloid has been successfully prepared and its properties compared with the commercially available TiO 2 nanomaterial, Degussa P25. Several characterization techniques, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and UV‐visible reflectance spectra, are combined in order to determine the crystal phase and grain size, shape, degree of nitrogen incorporation, and nature of the resultant oxynitride chemical bonding on the surface and in the bulk. The high relative photocatalytic activity of the nitrogen doped‐TiO 2 nanocolloid is evaluated through a study of the decomposition of methylene blue under visible light excitation. The ease and degree of substitutional‐insertional nitrogen doping is held accountable for the significant increase in photocatalytic activity in the porous nanocolloid versus the nitrided commercial nanopowder. It is suggested that the nitrogen incorporation produces an NO bonding region as evidenced by the resulting XPS spectrum.
Focusing coherent light through opaque strongly scattering media (2007)

We report focusing of coherent light through opaque scattering materials by control of the incident wavefront. The multiply scattered light forms a focus with a brightness that is up to a factor of 1000 higher than the brightness of the normal diffuse transmission.
230% room-temperature magnetoresistance in CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

Magnetoresistance (MR) ratio up to 230% at room temperature (294% at 20 K) has been observed in spin-valve-type magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using MgO tunnel barrier layer fabricated on thermally oxidized Si substrates. We found that such a high MR ratio can be obtained when the MgO barrier layer was sandwiched with amorphous CoFeB ferromagnetic electrodes. Microstructure analysis revealed that the MgO layer with (001) fiber texture was realized when the MgO layer was grown on amorphous CoFeB rather than on polycrystalline CoFe. Since there have been no theoretical studies on the MTJs with a crystalline tunnel barrier and amorphous electrodes, the detailed mechanism of the huge tunneling MR effect observed in this study is not clear at the present stage. Nevertheless, the present work is of paramount importance in realizing high-density magnetoresistive random access memory and read head for ultra high-density hard-disk drives into practical use.