gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic approach for high-throughput droplet interface bilayer (DIB) formation (2010)

We present a simple, automated method for high-throughput formation of droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) in a microfluidic device. We can form complex DIB networks that are able to fill predefined three dimensional architectures. Moreover, we demonstrate the flexibility of the system by using a variety of lipids including 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC).
Isolation and immunizations with hepatitis A viral structural proteins: induction of antiprotein, antiviral, and neutralizing responses (1985)

An immune affinity purification procedure for hepatitis A virus (HAV) was designed which yielded milligram quantities of the virus with greater than 95% purity. The major structural proteins VP-1, VP-2, and VP-3 were isolated from the purified virus by electroelution from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and used to immunize Lewis rats (three to four doses, 10 to 15 micrograms per dose). The two Lewis rats immunized with VP-1 developed a strong antibody response to VP-1, as determined by Western blot analysis and immune precipitation of the denatured protein. These animals also developed a good antibody response to the whole virus, as demonstrated by a positive response in a competitive radioimmunoassay (HAV antibody test) and by precipitation of the whole virus. In addition, both animals developed a low titer neutralizing antibody to HAV, as demonstrated by an in vitro cell culture assay. While the two rats receiving VP-2 developed only minimal responses to the protein and to the virus by the same assays described above, one of the two developed a significant neutralizing antibody to HAV. The immunization of one Lewis rat with VP-3 induced a good antibody response to both denatured protein and the whole virus. This serum sample was also demonstrated to neutralize the viral infectivity. Finally, two rabbits that had received inoculations of sodium dodecyl sulfate and heat-disrupted HAV (containing 20 to 30 micrograms of each protein per dose) developed good antiprotein responses to all of the proteins and good antiviral responses, including a consistently significant neutralizing activity. The neutralizing antibody responses suggest that the structural proteins of HAV, or a portion of them, could provide the basis for a subunit vaccine for HAV.
Analysis of an Adaptive Wideband Duplexer With Double-Loop Cancellation (2007)

An active wideband duplexer reduces the need for multiple switched duplexing filters in multiband software radio implementations. The technique is based on a two-step isolation process: 1) a low isolation device and 2) an active double-loop canceling technique that leads to two nulls, one at the desired receive frequency and the other at the transmit frequency. Two cancellation paths generate replicas of the residual transmitter interference signal and noise signal for subtraction from the output of the low isolation device. The feasibility of wideband cancellation mainly depends on the duplexing offset and the operating range of delays in the main path and the cancellation paths. The adjustment range of the coefficients in the cancellation path puts further constraints on these delays. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of double-loop cancellation using geometrical representations. The delay boundaries are derived for a given adjustment range of the vector attenuators (coefficients) used in the cancellation paths. The relationship between cancellation bandwidth and residual cancellation level is shown to be linear (6 dB/octave) and related to the loop delays and the duplexing offset.
A Novel Herpes Vector for the High-Efficiency Transduction of Normal and Malignant Human Hematopoietic Cells (1997)

Abstract Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) would offer numerous advantages as vectors for gene transfer, but as yet they have not proved capable of transducing hematopoietic cells. Using a genetically inactivated form of HSV that is restricted to a single cycle of replication (disabled single-cycle virus, [DISC-HSV]), we have transduced normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells and primary leukemia blasts with efficiencies ranging from 80% to 100%, in the absence of growth factors or stromal support. Toxicity was low, with 70% to 100% of cells surviving the transduction process. Peak expression of transferred genes occurred at 24 to 48 hours after transduction with the DISC-HSV vector, declining to near background levels by 14 days. Despite this limitation, sufficient protein is produced by the inserted gene to permit consideration of the vector for applications in which transient expression is adequate. One example is the transfer of immunostimulatory genes, to generate leukemia immunogens. Thus, murine A20 leukemia cells transduced with a DISC-HSV vector encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were able to stimulate a potent antitumor response in mice, even against pre-existing leukemia. The exceptional transducing ability of the DISC-HSV vector should therefore facilitate genetic manipulation of normal and malignant human hematopoietic cells for biological and clinical investigation.
Durability Characteristics of Aminopyrene Dimer Molecules as an Emitter in Organic Multilayered Electroluminescent Diodes (1996)

We report the structure design of emitter molecules using aminopyrene dimers for obtaining durable organic electroluminescent (EL) diodes. Using eighteen kinds of emitter molecules having a variety of substituents and linking groups, we investigated the durability of the cell structure of the anode/hole transport layer/emitter layer/electron transport layer 2/electron transport layer 1/cathode. We observed that the chemical structures of the emitter molecules strongly influenced the durability of the EL devices under continuous DC operation. We observed no direct relationships between melting point ( T m ), glass transition temperature ( T g ), ionization potential ( I p ), electron affinity ( E a ) of emitter layers and EL device durabilities. The effect of the substituent groups of emitter molecules on EL device durability suggests that the chemical stability of the emitter molecules largely influences EL device durability.
Eutectic Gallium‐Indium (EGaIn): A Liquid Metal Alloy for the Formation of Stable Structures in Microchannels at Room Temperature (2008)

Abstract This paper describes the rheological behavior of the liquid metal eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) as it is injected into microfluidic channels to form stable microstructures of liquid metal. EGaIn is well‐ ;suited for this application because of its rheological properties at room temperature: it behaves like an elastic material until it experiences a critical surface stress, at which point it yields and flows readily. These properties allow EGaIn to fill microchannels rapidly when sufficient pressure is applied to the inlet of the channels, yet maintain structural stability within the channels once ambient pressure is restored. Experiments conducted in microfluidic channels, and in a parallel‐plate rheometer, suggest that EGaIn's behavior is dictated by the properties of its surface (predominantly gallium oxide, as determined by Auger measurement s); these two experiments both yield approximately the same number for the critical surface stress required to induce EGaIn to flow (∼0 .5 N/m). This analysis–which shows that the pressure that must be exceeded for EGaIn to flow through a microchannel is inversely proportional to the critical (i.e., smallest) dimension of the channel–is useful to guide future fabrication of microfluidic channels to mold EGaIn into functional microstructures.
Hec1 and Nuf2 Are Core Components of the Kinetochore Outer Plate Essential for Organizing Microtubule Attachment Sites (2004)

A major goal in the study of vertebrate mitosis is to identify proteins that create the kinetochore-microtubule attachment site. Attachment sites within the kinetochore outer plate generate microtubule dependent forces for chromosome movement and regulate spindle checkpoint protein assembly at the kinetochore. The Ndc80 complex, comprised of Ndc80 (Hec1), Nuf2, Spc24, and Spc25, is essential for metaphase chromosome alignment and anaphase chromosome segregation. It has also been suggested to have roles in kinetochore microtubule formation, production of kinetochore tension, and the spindle checkpoint. Here we show that Nuf2 and Hec1 localize throughout the outer plate, and not the corona, of the vertebrate kinetochore. They are part of a stable "core" region whose assembly dynamics are distinct from other outer domain spindle checkpoint and motor proteins. Furthermore, Nuf2 and Hec1 are required for formation and/or maintenance of the outer plate structure itself. Fluorescence light microscopy, live cell imaging, and electron microscopy provide quantitative data demonstrating that Nuf2 and Hec1 are essential for normal kinetochore microtubule attachment. Our results indicate that Nuf2 and Hec1 are required for organization of stable microtubule plus-end binding sites in the outer plate that are needed for the sustained poleward forces required for biorientation at kinetochores.
CD8 + T Cells Mediate Viral Clearance and Disease Pathogenesis during Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2002)

Although the CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell responses to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are thought to be crucial for the control of HBV infection, the relative contribution of each T-cell subset as an effector of viral clearance is not known. To examine this question, we monitored the course of HBV infection in control, CD4-depleted, and CD8-depleted chimpanzees. Our results demonstrate that CD8(+) cells are the main effector cells responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute HBV infection, and they suggest that viral clearance is mediated by both noncytolytic and cytolytic effector functions of the CD8(+)-T-cell response.
Liver Protection from Apoptosis Requires Both Blockage of Initiator Caspase Activities and Inhibition of ASK1/JNK Pathway via Glutathione S-Transferase Regulation (2002)

Hepatoprotection mediated by free radical scavenging molecules such as dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) arose the question as to whether this effect involved one or several anti-apoptotic signals. Here, using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and in vivo thioacetamide-induced liver failure, we showed that Me(2)SO failed to prevent any cleavage of initiator caspase-8 and -9 but constantly inhibited procaspase-3 maturation and apoptosis execution, pointing to an efficient inhibition of cleaved initiator caspase activities. Evidence was recently provided that apoptosis might require both caspase and ASK1/JNK-p38 activities. We demonstrated that this kinase pathway was strongly inhibited in the presence of Me(2)SO whereas overexpression of ASK1 was able to restore caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. Interestingly, we also found that GST M1/2 and GST Alpha1/2 dropped under apoptotic conditions; furthermore transfection of GST M1, A1, or P1 to cells overexpressing ASK1, abolished caspase-3 activity and restored viability. This role of GSTs was further assessed by showing that their high expression level was tightly associated with inhibition of ASK1 activity in Me(2)SO-protected hepatocytes. Together, these results demonstrate that Me(2)SO-mediated hepatoprotection involves a dual inhibition of cleaved initiator caspase and ASK1/JNK-p38 activities. Furthermore, in highlighting the control of apoptosis by GSTs, these data provide new insights for analyzing the complex mechanisms of hepatoprotection.
Preparation and Characterization of Novel Bacterial Cellulose/Gelatin Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration Using Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (2010)

Bacterial cellulose (BC) and gelatin are well-known biomaterials. The novel bacterial cellulose/gelatin composite scaffolds were prepared using aqueous gelatin solution and bacterial cellulose excreted by Acetobacter xylinum. The prepared bacterial cellulose/gelatin scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mechanical test, swelling, and thermal studies. The morphology of these bacterial cellulose/gelatin scaffolds indicated that the gelatin molecules could penetrate well between the individual nanofibers of the bacterial cellulose. With the incorporation of gelatin in the bacterial cellulose, the crystallinity index tended to decrease while the thermal stability was improved. After the incorporation of gelatin in the bacterial cellulose, Young’s modulus of the composite was increased from 3.7 GPa to 3.9 GPa, while the tensile strength and strain at break point were decreased from 170 MPa (7.5%) to 114 MPa (4%), respectively. The swelling behavior test indicated that the water uptake capacity of the composite was only half of the pure bacterial cellulose. Cell adhesion studies were carried out using 3T3 fibroblast cells. The cells incubated with BC/gelatin scaffolds for 48 h were capable of forming cell adhesion and proliferation. It showed much better biocompatibility than pure bacterial cellulose. So, the prepared BC/gelatin scaffolds are bioactive and may be suitable for cell adhesion/attachment, suggesting that these scaffolds can be used for wound dressing or tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, these novel BC/gelatin scaffolds are useful for biomedical applications.
A New Embedded Process for Compartmentalized Cell‐Free Protein Expression and On‐line Detection in Microfluidic Devices (2005)

Just a drop. In the field of biological research and biotechnology, fast and efficient screening for particular properties of minute quantities down to single-particle level has become increasingly important. This work describes the implementation of a lab-on-chip device to generate small reaction containers, that is, a homodisperse water-in-oil emulsion, and cell-free expression of the green fluorescent protein inside the aqueous droplets. Detection of the autofluorescent protein was performed by confocal fluorescence spectroscopy.
Electromagnetic Controlled Cortical Impact Device for Precise, Graded Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (2007)

Genetically modified mice represent useful tools for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research and attractive preclinical models for the development of novel therapeutics. Experimental methods that minimize the number of mice needed may increase the pace of discovery. With this in mind, we developed and characterized a prototype electromagnetic (EM) controlled cortical impact device along with refined surgical and behavioral testing techniques. By varying the depth of impact between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, we found that the EM device was capable of producing a broad range of injury severities. Histologically, 2.0-mm impact depth injuries produced by the EM device were similar to 1.0-mm impact depth injuries produced by a commercially available pneumatic device. Behaviorally, 2.0-, 2.5-, and 3.0-mm impacts impaired hidden platform and probe trial water maze performance, whereas 1.5-mm impacts did not. Rotorod and visible platform water maze deficits were also found following 2.5- and 3.0-mm impacts. No impairment of conditioned fear performance was detected. No differences were found between sexes of mice. Inter-operator reliability was very good. Behaviorally, we found that we could statistically distinguish between injury depths differing by 0.5 mm using 12 mice per group and between injury depths differing by 1.0 mm with 7-8 mice per group. Thus, the EM impactor and refined surgical and behavioral testing techniques may offer a reliable and convenient framework for preclinical TBI research involving mice.
Structural Pre-organization of Peptide Nucleic Acids (2003)

Introduction of constraint via chemical bridging in the aegPNA leads to the five or six membered cyclic structures that may contribute towards maintaining the balance between rigidity and flexibility of the PNA backbone. The significant promise of our approach to use the naturally occurring trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline to arrive at different chirally pure cyclic PNA analogs and their DNA binding properties will be presented.
Increased level of protection of respiratory tract and kidney by combining different infectious bronchitis virus vaccines against challenge with nephropathogenic Brazilian genotype subcluster 4 strains (2015)

Genotyping of seven infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains isolated in Brazil showed that all belonged to the common Brazilian genotype and that these strains were closest to the subcluster of strain IBV/Brazil/2007/USP-19. Pathotyping of four selected Brazilian strains showed that they all caused a considerable level of ciliostasis in the trachea but at a somewhat lower level than did M41 and Brazilian strains 50/96, 57/96, 62/96 and 64/96 representing four different serotypes that had been reported earlier. In contrast to the M41 challenge strain, all Brazilian isolates replicated in kidney tissue in a high percentage of non-vaccinated challenged birds, clearly showing that they are nephropathogenic. As for the tracheal protection, the results using Massachusetts (Mass) vaccination against the recent strains seemed to show protection higher on average than for the strains reported earlier. A single or twofold vaccination with a Mass vaccine resulted in a mean tracheal protection level against the four challenge strains of 92% and 90%, respectively, whereas a single and twofold vaccination with a Mass vaccine halved the percentage of infected kidneys (14% and 13%, respectively, P < .05) compared to that of the unvaccinated birds (27%). The combination of the Mass and the 793B vaccine provided on average a tracheal protection of 99% and a reduction of the percentage of infected kidneys to a mean of 2%. This was a significantly (P < .05) higher protection than that achieved by a single or twofold Mass vaccination, showing the added value of the 793B vaccination following priming with a vaccine of the Mass type.
Proteins Released byHelicobacter pyloriIn Vitro (2002)

Secretion of proteins by Helicobacter pylori may contribute to gastric inflammation and epithelial damage. An in vitro analysis was designed to identify proteins released by mechanisms other than nonspecific lysis. The radioactivity of proteins in the supernatant was compared with that of the intact organism by two-dimensional gel phosphorimaging following a 4-h pulse-chase. The ratio of the amount of UreB, a known cytoplasmic protein, in the supernatant to that in the pellet was found to be 0.25, and this was taken as an index of lysis during the experiments (n = 6). Ratios greater than that of UreB were used to distinguish proteins that were selectively released into the medium. Thus, proteins enriched more than 10-fold in the supernatant compared to UreB were identified by mass spectrometry. Sixteen such proteins were present in the supernatant: VacA; a conserved secreted protein (HP1286); putative peptidyl cis-trans isomerase (HP0175); six proteins encoded by HP0305, HP0231, HP0973, HP0721, HP0129, and HP0902; thioredoxin (HP1458); single-stranded-DNA-binding 12RNP2 precursor (HP0827); histone-like DNA-binding protein HU (HP0835); ribosomal protein L11 (HP1202); a putative outer membrane protein (HP1564); and outer membrane proteins Omp21 (HP0913) and Omp20 (HP0912). All except HP0902, thioredoxin, HP0827, HP0835, and HP1202 had a signal peptide. When nalidixic acid, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, was added to inhibit cell division but not protein synthesis, to decrease possible contamination due to outer membrane shedding, two outer membrane proteins (Omp21 and Omp20) disappeared from the supernatant, and the amount of VacA also decreased. Thus, 13 proteins were still enriched greater than 10-fold in the medium after nalidixic acid treatment, suggesting these were released specifically, possibly by secretion. These proteins may be implicated in H. pylori-induced effects on the gastric epithelium.
Unbalanced versus balanced operation in an optical coherence tomography system (2000)

The choice of a balanced optical coherence tomography (OCT) configuration versus an unbalanced OCT configuration with optimized reference-arm attenuation is discussed. The choice depends on the receiver noise, the fiber-end reflection R, and the power to the object. When OCT is used to investigate biological tissue an equivalent R? can be evaluated as the compound reflected light from tissue. In this case an additional parameter has to be considered: the confocal optical sectioning interval of the OCT system.
[Migraine and cardiovascular risk]. (2007)

New epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between migraine (especially migraine with aura) and cardiovascular disease. However, the absolute risk of cardiovascular disease for migraine patients is still low even though the relative risk is 2-4-fold higher. Further research will have to show whether migraine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and whether prophylactic treatment of migraine attacks will lower this increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
A Novel Ternary Multiplier Based on Ternary CMOS Compact Model (2017)

Multiple-valued logic (MVL) has potential advantages for energy-efficient design by reducing a circuit complexity. Because of physical device and circuit realization issues, however, there are relatively small number of researches on MVL circuit designs. We design a novel ternary multiplier based on a ternary CMOS (T-CMOS) compact model. To estimate performance and energy efficiency of our ternary design, we construct a standard ternary-cell library and exploit a ternary static timing analysis (T-STA). The proposed ternary multiplier design achieves significant total power reduction and performance improvement over conventional ternary design.
Synergistic polymorphisms of β1 and α2C-adrenergic receptors and the influence on left ventricular ejection fraction response to β-blocker therapy in heart failure (2007)

ADRB1 and ADRA2C polymorphisms synergistically influence the ejection fraction response to beta-blocker therapy of heart failure patients.
Base‐pair formation between 18 S ribosomal RNA and globin mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in vitro (1982)

A stable complex between 18 S rRNA and globin mRNA has been isolated from 40 S initiation complexes in the reconstituted reticulocyte cell free system. This complex is only formed under the conditions which also lead to an initiation complex active in protein synthesis. The mRNA-18 S rRNA interaction has properties compatible with base-pairing. This observation is discussed in the context with other, in part controversial, observations relating to base pairing as a step in initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.
ENDOGENOUS SEX HORMONE LEVELS IN OLDER ADULT MEN WITH DIABETES MELLITUS (1990)

In a Southern California population-based cohort of 985 men aged 40-79 years in 1972-1974, 110 men with diabetes had significantly lower mean levels of endogenous plasma testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin than did 875 nondiabetic men. Mean androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol levels did not differ significantly by diabetic status. The testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin differences were reduced but not eliminated after adjustment for age and body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2). Twenty-one percent of diabetic men compared with 13% of nondiabetic men had testosterone levels below a categorically defined normal level of 3,500 pg/ml. Testosterone was inversely related to degree of glycemia in the whole cohort. Throughout the whole range of plasma glucose, there was a stepwise decrease in mean testosterone levels per categorical increase in fasting plasma glucose, apparent in both diabetics and nondiabetics. The clinical and physiologic implications of the reduced testosterone levels in diabetic men merit further investigation.