Discovering statistics using SPSS: (and sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll) (2006)

EVERYTHING YOU WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT STATISTICS (WELL, SORT OF) Building Statistical Models Populations and Samples Simple Statistical Models Frequency Distributions Is My Sample Representative of the Population? Linear Models How Can We Tell If Our Model Represents the Real World? THE SPSS ENVIRONMENT Versions of SPSS Getting Started The Data Editor The Output Viewer The Syntax Window Saving Files Retrieving a File EXPLORING DATA Parametric Data Graphing and Screening Data Exploring Groups of Data Testing Whether a Distribution is Normal Testing for Homogeneity of Variance Graphing Means CORRELATION How Do We Measure Relationships? Data Entry for Correlation Analysis Using SPSS Graphing Relationships The Scatterplot Bivariate Correlation Partial Correlation How To Report Correlation Coefficients REGRESSION An Introduction to Regression Doing Simple Regression on SPSS Interpreting a Simple Regression Multiple Regression The Basics How Accurate Is My Regression Model? How To Do Multiple Regression Using SPSS Interpreting Multiple Regression How To Report Multiple Regression Categorical Predictors and Multiple Regression LOGISTIC REGRESSION Background to Logistic Regression What Are the Principles behind Logistic Regression? Running the Analysis A Research Example Interpreting Logistic Regression How To Report Logistic Regression Another Example Testing for Multicollinearity Things That Can Go Wrong COMPARING TWO MEANS Revision of Experimental Research Inputting Data and Displaying Means with Error Bar Charts Testing Differences between Means The t-Test The Dependent t-Test The Independent t-Test Between Groups or Repeated Measures? The t-Test as a General Linear Model What If Our Data Are Not Normally Distributed? COMPARING SEVERAL MEANS: ANOVA (GLM 1) The Theory behind ANOVA Running One-Way ANOVA on SPSS Output from One-Way ANOVA Calculating the Effect Size Reporting Results from One-Way Independent ANOVA Violations of Assumptions in One-Way Independent ANOVA ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE, ANCOVA (GLM 2) What Is ANCOVA? Conducting ANCOVA on SPSS Interpreting the Output from ANCOVA ANCOVA Run as a Multiple Regression Additional Assumptions in ANCOVA Calculating the Effect Size Reporting Results FACTORIAL ANOVA (GLM 3) Theory of Factorial ANOVA (Between Groups) Factorial ANOVA Using SPSS Output from Factorial ANOVA Interpreting Interaction Graphs Calculating Effect Sizes Reporting the Results of Two-Way ANOVA Factorial ANOVA as Regression REPEATED-MEASURES DESIGNS (GLM 4) Introduction to Repeated-Measures Designs Theory of One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA Using SPSS Output for One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA Effect Sizes for Repeated-Measures ANOVA Reporting One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA Repeated-Measures with Several Independent Variables Output for Factorial Repeated-Measures ANOVA Effect Sizes for Factorial Repeated-Measures ANOVA Reporting the Results from Factorial Repeated-Measures ANOVA MIXED DESIGN ANOVA (GLM 5) Mixed ANOVA on SPSS Output for Mixed Factorial ANOVA Main Analysis Calculating Effect Sizes Reporting the Results of Mixed ANOVA NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS Comparing Two Independent Conditions The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test and Mann-Whitney Test Comparing Two Related Conditions The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Differences between Several Independent Groups The Kruskal-Wallis Test Differences between Several Related Groups Friedman's ANOVA MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (MANOVA) Introduction Similarities and Differences to ANOVA Theory of MANOVA Assumptions of MANOVA MANOVA on SPSS Output from MANOVA Following Up MANOVA with Discriminant Analysis Output from the Discriminant Analysis EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS Factors Discovering Factors Research Example Running the Analysis Interpreting Output from SPSS Reliability Analysis CATEGORICAL DATA Theory of Analyzing Categorical Data Assumptions of the Chi-Square Test Doing Chi-Square on SPSS Several Categorical Variables Log Linear Analysis Assumptions in Loglinear Analysis Loglinear Analysis Using SPSS Output from Loglinear Analysis Following Up Loglinear Analysis Effect Sizes in Loglinear Analysis Reporting the Results of Loglinear Analysis