gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal wire sizing and buffer insertion for low power and a generalized delay model (1996)

We present efficient, optimal algorithms for timing optimization by discrete wire sizing and buffer insertion. Our algorithms are able to minimize a cost function subject to given timing constraints; we focus on minimization of dynamic power dissipation, but the algorithm is also easily adaptable to, for example, area minimization. In addition, the algorithm efficiently computes the complete, optimal power-delay trade-off curve for added design flexibility. An extension of our basic algorithm accommodates a generalized delay model which takes into account the effect of signal slew on buffer delay which can contribute substantially to overall delay. To the best of our knowledge, our approach represents the first work on buffer insertion to incorporate signal slew into the delay model while guaranteeing optimality. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated experimentally.
Development of a human monoclonal antibody from a Graves' disease patient that identifies a novel thyroid membrane antigen. (1988)

To investigate the interaction between antibodies and the thyroid gland in Graves' disease, PBL were harvested from seven Graves' disease patients and transformed into lymphoblasts by the addition of EBV in the presence of cyclosporine A. These lymphoblasts were cloned by limiting dilution and then assayed for binding activity to human thyroglobulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid microsome, and thyroid as well as guinea pig fat cell membranes. Four patients' cells produced antibody that bound to at least one of the Ag; a single clone from one patient that bound equally well to both thyroid and guinea pig fat cell membranes (but not to other thyroid Ag) was selected for further evaluation. Fusion of these cells with SHM-D33 heteromyeloma cells yielded three cell lines that produced genetically identical mAb. Immunostaining of human thyrocytes with this mAb demonstrated an Ag present on both nuclear and cell membranes. This Ag was identified as an 18,000 m.w. protein band on Western blots of both human thyroid and guinea pig fat cell membranes. The mAb was also able to alter thyrocyte physiology as the short term incubation of this mAb with FRTL-5 cells in vitro inhibited thyroid-stimulating hormone-mediated production of cAMP. Thus, this mAb and the Ag it identifies may be relevant to Graves' disease.
Neutrophils dominate the immune cell composition in non-small cell lung cancer (2017)

The response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is just 20%. To improve this figure, several early phase clinical trials combining novel immunotherapeutics with immune checkpoint blockade have been initiated. Unfortunately, these trials have been designed without a strong foundational knowledge of the immune landscape present in NSCLC. Here, we use a flow cytometry panel capable of measuring 51 immune cell populations to comprehensively identify the immune cell composition and function in NSCLC. The results show that the immune cell composition is fundamentally different in lung adenocarcinoma as compared with lung squamous cell carcinoma, and that neutrophils are the most prevalent immune cell type. Using T-cell receptor-β sequencing and tumour reactivity assays, we predict that tumour reactive T cells are frequently present in NSCLC. These results should help to guide the design of clinical trials and the direction of future research in this area.
Selection of Optimal κB/Rel DNA-Binding Motifs: Interaction of Both Subunits of NF-κB with DNA Is Required for Transcriptional Activation (1992)

Analysis of the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex has revealed that both proteins can interact with related DNA sequences through either homo- or heterodimer formation. In addition, the product of the proto-oncogene c-rel can bind to similar DNA motifs by itself or as a heterodimer with p50 or p65. However, these studies have used a limited number of known kappa B DNA motifs, and the question of the optimal DNA sequences preferred by each homodimer has not been addressed. Using purified recombinant p50, p65, and c-Rel proteins, optimal DNA-binding motifs were selected from a pool of random oligonucleotides. Alignment of the selected sequences allowed us to predict a consensus sequence for binding of the individual homodimeric Rel-related proteins, and DNA-protein binding analysis of the selected DNA sequences revealed sequence specificity of the proteins. Contrary to previous assumptions, we observed that p65 homodimers can interact with a subset of DNA sequences not recognized by p50 homodimers. Differential binding affinities were also obtained with p50- and c-Rel-selected sequences. Using either a p50- or p65-selected kappa B motif, which displayed differential binding with respect to the other protein, little to no binding was observed with the heterodimeric NF-kappa B complex. Similarly, in transfection experiments in which the selective kappa B binding sites were used to drive the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct, the p65- and p50-selected motifs were activated only in the presence of p65 and p50/65 (a chimeric protein with the p50 DNA binding domain and p65 activation domain) expression vectors, respectively, and neither demonstrated a significant response to stimuli that induce NF-kappa B activity. These findings demonstrate that interaction of both subunits of the heterodimeric NF-kappa B complex with DNA is required for DNA binding and transcriptional activation and suggest that transcriptional activation mediated by the individual rel-related proteins will differ dramatically, depending on the specific kappa B motifs present.
Neural network models and their application to handwritten digit recognition (1988)

Several neural network paradigms are discussed, and their application to the recognition of handwritten digits is considered. In particular, linear autoassociative systems, threshold logic networks, background error propagation models, Hopfield networks, and Boltzmann machines are considered. An explanation of each technique is presented and its application to digit recognition is discussed. The tradeoffs of time and space complexity versus recognition accuracy are considered. The objective is to determine the applicability of these techniques to the real-world need of the United States Postal Service (USPS) for a high-accuracy handwritten digit recognition algorithm. Recognition experiments are presented that were performed on a database of over 10000 handwritten digits that were extracted from live mail in a USPS mail-processing facility. The time required by each method and the recognition rates of the methods are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
white paper Integrating the Electronic Product Code (EPC) and the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) (2002)

The Electronic Product Code (EPC) was conceived as a means to identify all physical objects. These include not only retail products, but also containers, packages and shipments, as well as more general physical systems, assemblies and components. The EPCis a short, simple and extensible code designed primarily for efficient referencing to networked information. The Uniform Product Code (U.P.C.) and its numbering superset, the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), perform a similar function for product identification and supply chain logistics. There are, however, many important differences in objective, scope, structure and implementation of these coding methods. This paper explores the differences in approach and present a method for integrating the EPCand GTIN.
Integrated NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8+T-cell responses correlate with clinical benefit in advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab (2011)

Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has been shown to improve survival in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. It also enhances immunity to NY-ESO-1, a cancer/testis antigen expressed in a subset of patients with melanoma. To characterize the association between immune response and clinical outcome, we first analyzed NY-ESO-1 serum antibody by ELISA in 144 ipilimumab-treated patients with melanoma and found 22 of 140 (16%) seropositive at baseline and 31 of 144 (22%) seropositive following treatment. These NY-ESO-1-seropositive patients had a greater likelihood of experiencing clinical benefit 24 wk after ipilimumab treatment than NY-ESO-1-seronegative patients (P = 0.02, relative risk = 1.8, two-tailed Fisher test). To understand why some patients with NY-ESO-1 antibody failed to experience clinical benefit, we analyzed NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses by intracellular multicytokine staining in 20 NY-ESO-1-seropositive patients and found a surprising dissociation between NY-ESO-1 antibody and CD8 responses in some patients. NY-ESO-1-seropositive patients with associated CD8(+) T cells experienced more frequent clinical benefit (10 of 13; 77%) than those with undetectable CD8(+) T-cell response (one of seven; 14%; P = 0.02; relative risk = 5.4, two-tailed Fisher test), as well as a significant survival advantage (P = 0.01; hazard ratio = 0.2, time-dependent Cox model). Together, our data suggest that integrated NY-ESO-1 immune responses may have predictive value for ipilimumab treatment and argue for prospective studies in patients with established NY-ESO-1 immunity. The current findings provide a strong rationale for the clinical use of modulators of immunosuppression with concurrent approaches to favor tumor antigen-specific immune responses, such as vaccines or adoptive transfer, in patients with cancer.
Sex hormones, body fat distribution, resting metabolic rate and glucose-induced thermogenesis in premenopausal obese women. (1994)

The topographic specificity of upper body obesity is known to be at the origin of a series of metabolic complications. In contrast to this negative effect, women with abdominal obesity usually can lose more body weight than women with gluteal-femoral obesity. In order to find some contributive explanations for this effect, we studied resting metabolic rate (RMR) and glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT) in both types of obesity. Since upper body obesity is characterized by androgen excess, a relationship between body fat distribution, sex hormones, RMR and indices of thermogenesis was studied. Of 39 obese women who were recruited (mean age: 32.4 +/- 9.3 years), 30 were compared for analysis. Upper body obesity (waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): 0.84 +/- 0.02; body mass index (BMI) 36.2: 36.2 +/- 6.0) is not characterized by differences in RMR, whereas glucose-induced thermogenesis is significantly higher in this subgroup (P < 0.008), expressed as percentage increase above RMR (18.3 +/- 8.5 vs. 11.9 +/- 3.6%) or as percentage of metabolisable energy intake (8.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 5.8 +/- 2.3%). Correlation coefficient data show that GIT determinants are closely related to WHR (r = 0.43; P < 0.01) and not to BMI. Resting metabolic rate, both in absolute terms and corrected for fat-free mass (FFM), is not related to indices of androgenicity, but is negatively related to serum oestradiol levels; this negative relationship with oestradiol disappears when RMR is corrected for both fat mass (FM) and FFM. GIT parameters are not related to free testosterone or oestradiol, regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Restoration of correct splicing in thalassemic pre-mRNA by antisense oligonucleotides. (1993)

Antisense 2'-O-methylribooligonucleotides were targeted against specific sequence elements in mutated human beta-globin pre-mRNAs to restore correct splicing of these RNAs in vitro. The following mutations of the beta-globin gene, A-->G at nt 110 of the first intron (beta 110), T-->G at nt 705 and C-->T at nt 654 of the second intron (IVS2(705) and IVS2(654), respectively), which led to aberrant splicing of the corresponding pre-mRNAs, were previously identified as the underlying causes of beta-thalassemia. Aberrant splicing of beta 110 pre-mRNA was efficiently reversed by an oligonucleotide targeted against the branch point sequence in the first intron of the pre-mRNA but not by an oligonucleotide targeted against the aberrant 3' splice site. In both IVS2(705) and IVS2(654) pre-mRNAs, correct splicing was restored by oligonucleotides targeted against the aberrant 5' splice sites created by the mutations in the second intron or against a cryptic 3' splice site located upstream and activated in the mutated background. These experiments represent an approach in which antisense oligonucleotides are used to restore the function of a defective gene and not, as usual, to down-regulate the expression of an undesirable gene.
Dynamical evolution of domain walls in an expanding universe (1989)

Whenever the potential of a scalar field has two or more separated, degenerate minima, then domain walls form as the universe cools. We calculate the evolution of the resulting network of domain walls, for the case of two potential minima, by direct numerical integration of the partial differential equations of the scalar field, in two and three dimensions, thus including wall annihilation, crossing, and reconnection (intercommutation) effects. Three dimensional simulations were run on a 200 x 200 x 200 mesh, while two-dimensional simulations (three-dimensional equations but slab symmetry in one coordinate) were run on a mesh of 1024 x 1024. We find that the nature of the evolution is largely independent of the rate at which the universe expands, if time is measured in conformal units so that the wave operator in comoving space does not depend on the expansion. This means that our results should apply to walls both inside and outside the particle horizon. We find that, unlike cosmic strings, wall evolution does not leave behind many fragments or other topological detritus. Wall annihilation and reconnection occurs almost as fast as causality allows, so that the horizon volume is "swept clean" and contains, at any time, only about one, fairly smooth, wall. Quantitative statistics are given. The rms velocity of walls is ~ 0.4c. Wall "bubbles" or "bags" are rare and collapse almost immediately, radiating away their energy as field excitations (schizons). Up to a logarithmic correction (discussed in some detail and related to the critical behavior of self-avoiding random walks in two-dimensions) the total (comoving) area of wall per (comoving) volume decreases as the first power of (conformal) time. In a matter dominated universe, this implies ρwall is proportional to <SUP>alpha</SUP>^^-3/2^^. The relative slowness of this decrease, along with the fact that the wall is smooth on the horizon scale, makes it impossible for walls (if they move freely and if they survive to the present) both to generate large-scale structure and to be consistent with quadrupole microwave background anisotropy limits.
Organic electroluminescence cells based on thin films deposited by ultraviolet laser ablation (1997)

Organic thin films of copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) and aluminum tris-8-hydroxyquinline (Alq3) were fabricated via KrF laser ablation. In spite of poor crystallinity exhibited in the reconstructed organic films, the CuPc film still works as a hole-transport layer in electroluminescence cells based on the CuPc and Alq3 layers. Electroluminescence at ∼500 nm was obtained with a low initiation voltage of ∼12 V. There is no significant difference in electroluminescence performance for devices fabricated via laser ablation and thermal evaporation. Emission at ∼600 nm caused by energy transfer from Alq3 to 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) is also observed from a DCM-doped Alq3 emission layer.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in breeding monkeys: detection and analysis of strain diversity by PCR (2002)

In the last three decades, several monkeys reared in outdoor/indoor–outdoor breeding colonies and cages of the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, died of yersiniosis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , necessitating introduction of a method to detect the bacteria rapidly and thus allow preventive measures to be undertaken. A rapid nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for identification of Y. pseudotuberculosis in fecal samples and a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)‐PCR approach for distinguishing between bacterial strains were therefore developed. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolates from monkey specimens were found to be classifiable into several types. To determine the source of infection, hundreds of fecal samples of wild rats, pigeons, and sparrows were collected from around the breeding colonies and cages, and subjected to PCR analyses. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was detected in 1.7% of the fecal samples of wild rats. The DNA fingerprints of the bacteria revealed by RAPD‐PCR were the same as that of one strain isolated from macaques, suggesting the wild rat to be a possible source of infection.
Cocaine Vaccine for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence in Methadone-Maintained Patients (2009)

Attaining high (>or=43 microg/mL) IgG anticocaine antibody levels was associated with significantly reduced cocaine use, but only 38% of the vaccinated subjects attained these IgG levels and they had only 2 months of adequate cocaine blockade. Thus, we need improved vaccines and boosters. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00142857.
A Dynamic Resource Allocation Scheme Based on Soft Frequency Reuse for OFDMA Systems (2007)

In this paper, we present a dynamic resource allocation algorithm, termed Dynamic Major group Allocation (DMA), based on Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) which is an efficient method to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems. DMA defines the method that Radio Network Controller (RNC) orthogonally assigns resource to Cell Edge Users (CEU) in neighboring cells (or sectors) firstly, and then each cell allocal.es its residual resource to Cell Center Users (CCU) according to PF scheduling. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DMA algorithm carries superior throughput performance of CEU over the traditional two-level resource allocation scheme (TLA) which simply combines SFR with PF.
Effector Cells of Anaphylaxis: Mast Cells and Basophils (2004)

Systemic anaphylaxis arises when mast cells, possibly along with other cell types, are provoked to secrete mediators that evoke a systemic response. Mast cells in perivascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and cutaneous tissues are likely involved, regardless of whether IgE or non-IgE-dependent pathways are invoked. Alpha/beta tryptases are selectively and abundantly produced by mast cells. Tryptase levels in the circulation provide a precise indicator of mast cell involvement. Mature beta tryptase is stored in secretory granules and is released when the cells are activated to degranulate, as occurs in anaphylaxis. Alpha/beta pro/pro' tryptases are spontaneously secreted by mast cells. Consequently, mature tryptase levels in serum (normally 1 ng/ml) are elevated in systemic anaphylaxis. Total tryptase levels (mature plus precursor forms), normally 1-15 ng/ml in baseline serum samples, are elevated in patients with systemic mastocytosis (> 20 ng/ml), a disease that also predisposes one to anaphylactic reactions. The assessment of basophils in systemic anaphylactic reactions has been problematic, because an assay for a specific releasable marker from this cell type has not been developed. Nevertheless, in cases of anaphylaxis in which elevations of histamine, but not tryptase, have been detected, it is enticing to speculate that basophil-dependent anaphylaxis may have occurred.
Diet and headache (1986)

Diet has been implicated as a source of migraine since antiquity. Now, diet is thought of as one of many factors that can trigger migraine. Improved understanding of the migraine process and an attempt to delineate the most common causes of diet-precipitated migraine have resulted in a more rational treatment strategy. We recognize that a small group of patients will have migraine after ingesting certain foods with vasoactive properties or by missing a meal; thus, we suggest a nutritional course to limit this influence. The role of allergy in migraine is not yet determined and remains controversial.
Involvement of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis in Transdifferentiation of Isolated Mesophyll Cells of Zinnia elegans into Tracheary Elements (1997)

The relationship between poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and cytodifferentiation was studied in the well characterized Zinnia system, in which isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans transdifferentiate into tracheary elements (TE) in a suspension culture in the presence of both auxin and cytokinin. The rate of poiy(ADP-ribose) synthesis was measured in nuclei isolated from cells that had been induced to undergo transdifferentiation, and activation of such synthesis was observed before the appearance of TE during culture. In cultures without auxin or cytokinin, poly-(ADP-ribose) synthesis appeared to proceed much more slowly.
A NEW AND SELECTIVE METHOD OF OXIDATION (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW AND SELECTIVE METHOD OF OXIDATIONNathan Kornblum, Jack W. Powers, George J. Anderson, Willard J. Jones, Harold O. Larson, Oscar Levand, and William M. WeaverCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 24, 6562Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01581a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01581a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4571Altmetric-Citations352LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Weak, but Complex Pulsed Magnetic Fields May Reduce Depression following Traumatic Brain Injury (1996)

Many patients who display psychological depression following a traumatic brain injury do not respond completely to antidepressant drugs. We hypothesized that this type of depression is strongly correlated with subclinical, complex partial seizure-activity within the hippocampal-amygdaloid region that continues for months to years after apparent neurological and behavioral "recovery." Four depressed patients who had sustained traumatic brain injuries and who exhibited mild to moderate brain impairment according to standardized tests received 30 min. of weak (1 microT) burst-firing magnetic fields across the temporal lobes once per week for 5 weeks. There was a significant improvement of depression and reduction of phobias while physical symptoms and other complaints were not changed.