gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oxygen on Red Cells during Liquid Storage at +4°C (1986)

Red cells collected in CPD and suspended in SAGM medium were stored in plastic (PVC) containers for 42 days at +4 degrees C. Comparison was made between aerobic storage (normal air exposure) and anaerobic storage (exposure to nitrogen gas). The air-exposed units showed a strong increase in pO2 and oxygen saturation as a result of oxygen penetration into the bags from outside. This resulted in a decrease in ATP and adenylate energy charge, a slower metabolization of adenine and hypoxanthine to AMP and IMP, respectively, and a faster decrease in red cell fluidity. To explain the findings it is concluded that aerobic storage causes an increased need of high-energy phosphate groups, possibly used for replacement of the phospholipid membrane bilayer or in repair of phosphate bonds in the cytoskeleton. It is further proposed that a slight formation of hydrogen peroxide from free oxygen radicals moderately increases the oxidation of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and slightly enhances the need for reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotides mainly provided by increased flux through the pentose phosphate shunt.
An analysis of single-layer networks in unsupervised feature learning (2011)

A great deal of research has focused on algorithms for learning features from unlabeled data. Indeed, much progress has been made on benchmark datasets like NORB and CIFAR by employing increasingly complex unsupervised learning algorithms and deep models. In this paper, however, we show that several simple factors, such as the number of hidden nodes in the model, may be more important to achieving high performance than the learning algorithm or the depth of the model. Specifically, we will apply several offthe-shelf feature learning algorithms (sparse auto-encoders, sparse RBMs, K-means clustering, and Gaussian mixtures) to CIFAR, NORB, and STL datasets using only singlelayer networks. We then present a detailed analysis of the effect of changes in the model setup: the receptive field size, number of hidden nodes (features), the step-size (“stride”) between extracted features, and the effect of whitening. Our results show that large numbers of hidden nodes and dense feature extraction are critical to achieving high performance—so critical, in fact, that when these parameters are pushed to their limits, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on both CIFAR-10 and NORB using only a single layer of features. More surprisingly, our best performance is based on K-means clustering, which is extremely fast, has no hyperparameters to tune beyond the model structure itself, and is very easy to implement. Despite the simplicity of our system, we achieve accuracy beyond all previously published results on the CIFAR-10 and NORB datasets (79.6 % and 97.2 % respectively).
Synthesis and evaluation of unsymmetrically substituted polyamine analogs as modulators of human spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and as potential antitumor agents (1993)

Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), the rate-limiting step in polyamine catabolism, is critical for the interconversion and modulation of cellular polyamines. Inhibitor-initiated induction of this enzyme also appears to correlate with the sensitivity of tumor cells to a class of novel polyamine analogues, the bis(ethyl)polyamines. Thus, terminally alkylated polyamines which modulate the cellular level of SSAT could be of great value for understanding the role of this enzyme both in analogue-mediated cytotoxicity and in overall cellular polyamine metabolism. Such analogues could also become important therapeutic agents by disrupting cellular polyamine metabolism. The structure-activity relationships defining the interaction of polyamine analogues with SSAT have not been fully elucidated, and, in particular, unsymmetrically alkylated polyamines have not been synthesized and evaluated as modulators of SSAT. To this end, we now report the synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of N1-ethyl-N11-propargyl-4,8-diazaundecane and N1-ethyl-N11-((cyclopropyl)methyl)-4,8-diazaundecane via a synthetic pathway which represents an efficient route to a variety of unsymmetrically substituted polyamine analogues. The title compounds act as effective inhibitors of isolated human SSAT and produce a differential superinduction of SSAT in situ which appears to be associated with a cell specific cytotoxic response in two human lung cancer cell lines. In so doing, these analogues exhibit promising antitumor activity against cultured human lung cancer cells.
Care of the Adult Patient with Down Syndrome (2014)

Individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk for many conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, infections, and osteoporosis, and endocrine, neurological, orthopedic, auditory, and ophthalmic disorders. They also are at increased risk for abuse and human rights violations and receive fewer screenings and interventions than the population without Down syndrome. In this literature review, the most common health conditions associated with Down syndrome are examined, along with the topics of sexual abuse, menstrual hygiene, contraception, and human rights. Clinical guidelines for this population are summarized in an effort to assist practicing physicians in improving their provision of health care to the adult patient with Down syndrome.
Carbon materials for supercapacitor application (2007)

The most commonly used electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors are activated carbons, because they are commercially available and cheap, and they can be produced with large specific surface area. However, only the electrochemically available surface area is useful for charging the electrical double layer (EDL). The EDL formation is especially efficient in carbon pores of size below 1 nm because of the lack of space charge and a good attraction of ions along the pore walls. The pore size should ideally match the size of the ions. However, for good dynamic charge propagation, some small mesopores are useful. An asymmetric configuration, where the positive and negative electrodes are constructed from different materials, e.g., activated carbon, transition metal oxide or conducting polymer, is of great interest because of an important extension of the operating voltage. In such a case, the energy as well as power is greatly increased. It appears that nanotubes are a perfect conducting additive and/or support for materials with pseudocapacitance properties, e.g. MnO(2), conducting polymers. Substitutional heteroatoms in the carbon network (nitrogen, oxygen) are a promising way to enhance the capacitance. Carbons obtained by one-step pyrolysis of organic precursors rich in heteroatoms (nitrogen and/or oxygen) are very interesting, because they are denser than activated carbons. The application of a novel type of electrolyte with a broad voltage window (ionic liquids) is considered, but the stability of this new generation of electrolyte during long term cycling of capacitors is not yet confirmed.
The Z-polyhedral model (2007)

The polyhedral model is a well developed formalism and has been extensively used in a variety of contexts viz. the automatic parallelization of loop programs, program verification, locality, hardware generationand more recently, in the automatic reduction of asymptotic program complexity. Such analyses and transformations rely on certain closure properties. However, the model is limited in expressivity and the need for a more general class of programs is widely known.
Blockade of CD200 in the Presence or Absence of Antibody Effector Function: Implications for Anti-CD200 Therapy (2008)

CD200 is an immunosuppressive molecule overexpressed in multiple hematologic malignancies such as B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemia. We previously demonstrated that up-regulation of CD200 on tumor cells suppresses antitumor immune responses and that antagonistic anti-human CD200 mAbs enabled human PBMC-mediated tumor growth inhibition in xenograft NOD/SCID human (hu)-mouse models. Ab variants with effector function (IgG1 constant region (G1)) or without effector function (IgG2/G4 fusion constant region (G2G4)) exhibited high antitumor activity in a human tumor xenograft model in which CD200 was expressed. In this report, we seek to select the best candidate to move forward into the clinic and begin to decipher the mechanisms of tumor cell killing by comparing anti-CD200-G1 vs anti-CD200-G2G4 in two related animal models. In a CD200-expressing xenograft NOD/SCID hu-mouse model where CD200 ligand/receptor interactions are already established before initiating treatment, we find that anti-CD200-G1 is a less effective Ab compared with anti-CD200-G2G4. Separately, in a model that evaluates the effect of the Abs on the immune cell component of the xenograft NOD/SCID hu-mouse model distinctly from the effects of binding to CD200 on tumor cells, we find that the administration of anti-CD200-G1 Abs completely abolished human PBMC-mediated tumor growth inhibition. Along with supporting in vitro studies, our data indicate that anti-CD200-G1 Abs efficiently mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of activated T cells, critical cells involved in immune-mediated killing. These studies suggest important implications regarding the selection of the constant region in anti-CD200 immunotherapy of cancer patients.
Dopaminergic neuroprotective effects of rotigotine via 5-HT1A receptors: Possibly involvement of metallothionein expression in astrocytes (2019)

Astrocytes exert neuroprotective effects through production of antioxidant molecules and neurotrophic factors. A recent study showed that stimulation of astrocyte serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors promotes astrocyte proliferation and upregulation of the antioxidant molecules metallothionein (MT)-1,2, which protect dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress. Rotigotine, an anti-parkinsonian drug, can bind to dopamine and 5-HT1A receptors. In this study, we examined neuroprotective effects of rotigotine in models of Parkinson's disease and involvement of astrocyte 5-HT1A receptors in neuroprotective effects of rotigotine against dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Rotigotine increased the number of astrocytes and MT-1,2 expression in cultured astrocytes. Pretreatment with conditioned media from rotigotine-treated astrocytes significantly inhibited 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. These effects were completely blocked by a 5-HT1A antagonist or MT-1,2 specific antibody. Subcutaneous administration of rotigotine increased MT-1,2 expression in striatal astrocytes and prevented reduction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of a 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease. These effects were blocked by co-administration with a 5-HT1A antagonist. These results suggest that rotigotine exerts neuroprotective effects through upregulation of MT expression in astrocytes by targeting 5-HT1A receptors. Our findings provide a possible therapeutic application of rotigotine to prevent dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
Attaining Low Moisture Levels in Hermetic Packages (1982)

Because of occasional high moisture contents (>5000 ppmv) in hermetically sealed, side brazed multilayer ceramic packages, an investigation was carried out to elucidate this effect. The furnaces used for solder sealing of the metal lid on the package were found to have less than 20 ppmv moisture in the nitrogen used as the ambient, so the initial atmosphere in the packages was very dry. Using carefully calibrated moisture sensor chips in the packages it was found that empty packages (no chips) contained from 1000 to 5000 ppmv of water vapor after furnace sealing, regardless of any prebaking of the package or any attempt to prevent readsorption of moisture before sealing. When a chip was die bonded into the package with a gold/silicon eutetic, the moisture level dropped to 100-1000 ppmv after sealing. When a gold/tin eutectic was used for the die bonding, the moisture level dropped even further to less than 20 ppmv after sealing. These low levels of moisture were achieved with no prebaking of parts and no attempt to avoid moisture adsorption before going into the sealing furnace. The proposed mechanism to explain the above observations is the reaction of moisture, always present when a package is heated during the sealing cycle, with silicon that dissolves from the chip in the gold/silicon or gold/tin eutectic used for die bonding: Si + 2H2O → SiO2 + 2H2 With the gold/silicon eutectic, the only silicon available for this reaction is that on the surface of the eutectic material.
Role of bile and pancreatic juice in cholesterol absorption and esterification (1964)

Absence of bile and pancreatic juice in the intestinal tract totally abolished absorption of cholesterol-4-C 14 into thoracic duct lymph. Similarly, intestinal cholesterol esterase activity approached zero in animals lacking both bile and pancreatic juice. Intestinal cholesterol esterase could still be demonstrated in animals deprived of pancreatic juice, but which received an infusion or intragastric administration of bile salts. Absorption of cholesterol was shown to occur even in the complete absence of pancreatic juice, provided bile salts were present in the intestinal tract. Some synthesis of cholesterol esterase by the intestinal or reactivation of residual cholesterol esterase in the presence of bile salts is postulated. Thus, pancreatic secretion is not absolutely required for cholesterol absorption, although it has a stimulating effect in the presence of bile salts. This effect is attributed to its cholesterol esterase content. In the presence of bile salts, the process of esterification is postulated to be a rate-limiting step during intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol.
Circularly permuted green fluorescent proteins engineered to sense Ca 2+ (2001)

To visualize Ca(2+)-dependent protein-protein interactions in living cells by fluorescence readouts, we used a circularly permuted green fluorescent protein (cpGFP), in which the amino and carboxyl portions had been interchanged and reconnected by a short spacer between the original termini. The cpGFP was fused to calmodulin and its target peptide, M13. The chimeric protein, which we have named "pericam," was fluorescent and its spectral properties changed reversibly with the amount of Ca(2+), probably because of the interaction between calmodulin and M13 leading to an alteration of the environment surrounding the chromophore. Three types of pericam were obtained by mutating several amino acids adjacent to the chromophore. Of these, "flash-pericam" became brighter with Ca(2+), whereas "inverse-pericam" dimmed. On the other hand, "ratiometric-pericam" had an excitation wavelength changing in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. All of the pericams expressed in HeLa cells were able to monitor free Ca(2+) dynamics, such as Ca(2+) oscillations in the cytosol and the nucleus. Ca(2+) imaging using high-speed confocal line-scanning microscopy and a flash-pericam allowed to detect the free propagation of Ca(2+) ions across the nuclear envelope. Then, free Ca(2+) concentrations in the nucleus and mitochondria were simultaneously measured by using ratiometric-pericams having appropriate localization signals, revealing that extra-mitochondrial Ca(2+) transients caused rapid changes in the concentration of mitochondrial Ca(2+). Finally, a "split-pericam" was made by deleting the linker in the flash-pericam. The Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between calmodulin and M13 in HeLa cells was monitored by the association of the two halves of GFP, neither of which was fluorescent by itself.
Association of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor with TRAF6 (1999)

In addition to the Trk tyrosine kinase receptors, neurotrophins also bind to a second receptor, p75, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Several signaling pathways have been implicated for p75 in the absence of Trk receptors, including induction of NF-kappaB and c-Jun kinase activities and increased production of ceramide. However, to date, the mechanisms by which the p75 receptor initiates intracellular signal transduction have not been defined. Here we report a specific interaction between p75 and TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6) after transient transfection in HEK293T cells. The interaction was ligand-dependent and maximal at 100 ng/ml of nerve growth factor (NGF). Other neurotrophins also promoted the association of TRAF6 with p75 but to a lesser extent. The binding of TRAF6 was localized to the juxtamembrane region of p75 by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. To assess the functional significance of this interaction, we have tested responses in cultured Schwann cells that express p75 and TRAF6. An NGF-mediated increase in the nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB could be blocked by the introduction of a dominant negative form of TRAF6 in Schwann cells. These results indicate that TRAF6 can potentially function as a signal transducer for NGF actions through the p75 receptor.
Infrastructure for advanced network management based on mobile code (2002)

The research is part of the Perpetuum project that makes use of mobile agents for network management. In this paper, we introduce an infrastructure that is required for a new approach to network management utilizing mobile code. This involves providing a framework for code mobility, access to managed resources and communication between agents. The infrastructure is the fundamental part that provides the base upon which our research of applications of mobile code technology is built. The infrastructure is built on Java. Java addresses several critical issues, such as security, portability, persistent state through serialization, networking, and other features. That's why Java was selected for the development of the infrastructure. We also present some examples of infrastructure application to demonstrate the advantages of the use of mobile agents for network management.
Can light‐based approaches overcome antimicrobial resistance? (2018)

The relentless rise of antibiotic resistance is considered one of the most serious problems facing mankind. This mini-review will cover three cutting-edge approaches that use light-based techniques to kill antibiotic-resistant microbial species, and treat localized infections. First, we will discuss antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation using rationally designed photosensitizes combined with visible light, with the added possibility of strong potentiation by inorganic salts such as potassium iodide. Second, the use of blue and violet light alone that activates endogenous photoactive porphyrins within the microbial cells. Third, it is used for "safe UVC" at wavelengths between 200 nm and 230 nm that can kill microbial cells without damaging host mammalian cells. We have gained evidence that all these approaches can kill multidrug resistant bacteria in vitro, and they do not induce themselves any resistance, and moreover can treat animal models of localized infections caused by resistant species that can be monitored by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Light-based antimicrobial approaches are becoming a growing translational part of anti-infective treatments in the current age of resistance.
Cloning of a new member of the retinoblastoma gene family (pRb2) which binds to the E1A transforming domain. (1993)

The product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (pRb) and p107 share a high degree of structural homology in the pocket region, which is thought to play a primary role in the function of these proteins. It is conceivable that there exists a larger family of cellular proteins containing this pocket region. In this communication, we report cloning of a new human cDNA encoding a polypeptide that shows a high level of identity with pRb and p107 and possesses a pocket region. We have named it pRb2. From the deduced amino acid sequence, pRb2 has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 120 kD and its in vitro translated product binds to the adenovirus E1A protein. Due to its size, pRb2 may correspond to p130, which has previously been shown by us to interact with the transforming region of E1A in in vivo studies. Interestingly, pRb2 fails to bind an E1A mutant in the transforming domain 2 suggesting that pRb2 is involved in the transforming capacity of E1A.
Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations (1996)

The authors address the role of marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments (CMEs). Their approach considers hypermedia CMEs to be large-scale (i.e., national or global) networked environments, of which the World Wide Web on the Internet is the first and current global implementation. They introduce marketers to this revolutionary new medium, propose a structural model of consumer navigation behavior in a CME that incorporates the notion of flow, and examine a series of research issues and marketing implications that follow from the model.
Protein D of Haemophilus influenzae: A Protective Nontypeable H. influenzae Antigen and a Carrier for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (2008)

Protein D (PD) is a highly conserved 42 kDa surface lipoprotein found in all Haemophilus influenzae, including nontypeable (NT) H. influenzae. PD is involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections, in the context of which it has been shown to impair ciliary function in a human nasopharyngeal tissue culture model and to augment the capacity to cause otitis media in rats. A likely mechanism indicating that PD is a virulence factor is its glycerophosphodiesterase activity, which leads to the release of phosphorylcholine from host epithelial cells. PD has been demonstrated to be a promising vaccine candidate against experimental NT H. influenzae infection. Rats vaccinated with PD cleared NT H. influenzae better after middle ear and pulmonary bacterial challenge, and chinchillas vaccinated with PD showed significant protection against NT H. influenzae-dependent acute otitis media. In a clinical trial involving children, PD was used as an antigenically active carrier protein in an 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate investigational vaccine; significant protection was achieved against acute otitis media not only caused by pneumococci but also caused by NT H. influenzae. This may have great clinical implications, because PD is the first NT H. influenzae antigen that has induced protective responses in humans.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces regulatory dendritic cells with therapeutic effects on autoimmune disorders (2005)

The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and maintenance of immune tolerance. In addition to their classical role as sentinels of the immune response-inducing T cell reactivity, dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance through the induction/activation of regulatory T cells (Tr). The possibility to generate tolerogenic DCs opens new therapeutic perspectives in autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the characterization of the endogenous factors that contribute to the development of tolerogenic DCs is highly relevant. In this study, we report on the use of the known immunosuppressive neuropeptide, the vasoactive intestinal peptide, as a new approach to induce tolerogenic DCs with capacity to generate Tr cells, to restore tolerance in vivo, and to reduce the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.