gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A direct growth effect of growth hormone in rat hindlimb shown by arterial infusion (1986)

We have developed a method for infusing substances into one hindlimb of the rat via the arterial supply. A catheter attached to an osmotic minipump is inserted into the right superior vesical artery and advanced to the junction of the right common iliac artery. This arrangement permits either constant or pulsatile infusion for 7 days. We employed this method to study the direct action of rat growth hormone (rGH) on the proximal tibial epiphysial plate in hypophysectomized rats. Infusion of neither the solvent nor ovine prolactin (2 micrograms X rat-1 X day -1) affected epiphysial plate width compared with control (uninfused) legs. The rGH infused at 0.4 and 2.0 micrograms X rat-1 X day-1 produced dose-related local growth effects that were of similar magnitude with either constant or pulsatile (eight 1-h pulses/day) infusion. However, the higher dose of rGH also resulted in a systemic effect (i.e., epiphysial plate growth in the uninfused limb), and the pulsatile mode produced a greater systemic effect than that produced by constant infusion. Our results indicate that GH can act directly on cartilage in vivo to maintain growth and that its effectiveness is not enhanced by pulsatile delivery. In contrast, the indirect (i.e., systemic) growth effects of the hormone may be enhanced by intermittent infusion. Our infusion system is well suited for studying the direct effect of substances on hindlimb tissues in conscious, unrestrained rats over extended periods.
Scalable Production and Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: Available Sources and Lessons from Current Industrial Bioprocesses (2019)

Potential applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are attracting increasing interest in the fields of medicine, cosmetics, and nutrition. However, the manufacturing of EVs is currently characterized by low yields. This limitation severely hampers progress in research at the laboratory and clinical scales, as well as the realization of successful and cost-effective EV-based products. Moreover, the high level of heterogeneity of EVs further complicates reproducible manufacturing on a large scale. In this review, possible directions toward the scalable production of EVs are discussed. In particular, two strategies are considered: i) the optimization of upstream unit operations and ii) the exploitation of well-established and mature technologies already in use in other industrial bioprocesses.
The Antiperinuclear Factor and Antikeratin Antibody Systems (1995)

Antiperinuclear factor (APF) and antikeratin antibody (AKA) have long been known to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Human buccal mucosa epithelial cells have hitherto been required as the substrate in the APF test, while AKAs are detected on rat esophagus sections, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. These two autoantibodies proved to be interrelated. Cytoplasmic inclusions in buccal cells have presumptively been termed keratohyalin granules and the APF target antigen colocalizes exactly with that of antiprofilaggrin antibody within the perinuclear organelles. The latter protein has convincingly been identified as the genuine specificity of the so-called AKA.
Preservative cytotoxic threshold for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate in cat and rabbit corneas. (1980)

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CDG) were applied to rabbit and cat corneal epithelium in clinically used concentrations. Corneas were fixed 1/2 hr later and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BAC was found to produce a progressive increase in damage at concentrations between 0.001% and 0.01% as determined by SEM. CGD produced less damage than BAC at any concentration. Cats lacrimated copiously and blinked frequently after instillation of drops; rabbits did not. No significant difference was found between the two species, however, in their response to the preservative agents tested. It is presumed that binding of these surface active agents occurs almost immediately and is unaffected by tear film dilution. Studies measuring permeability increase in the human eye after preservative use are required to allow clinical interpretation of the data presented here.
Harvesting relational tables from lists on the web (2009)

A large number of web pages contain data structured in the form of "lists". Many such lists can be further split into multi-column tables, which can then be used in more semantically meaningful tasks. However, harvesting relational tables from such lists can be a challenging task. The lists are manually generated and hence need not have well defined templates -- they have inconsistent delimiters (if any) and often have missing information. We propose a novel technique for extracting tables from lists. The technique is domain-independent and operates in a fully unsupervised manner. We first use multiple sources of information to split individual lines into multiple fields, and then compare the splits across multiple lines to identify and fix incorrect splits and bad alignments. In particular, we exploit a corpus of HTML tables, also extracted from the Web, to identify likely fields and good alignments. For each extracted table, we compute an extraction score that reflects our confidence in the table's quality. We conducted an extensive experimental study using both real web lists and lists derived from tables on the Web. The experiments demonstrate the ability of our technique to extract tables with high accuracy. In addition, we applied our technique on a large sample of about 100,000 lists crawled from the Web. The analysis of the extracted tables have led us to believe that there are likely to be tens of millions of useful and query-able relational tables extractable from lists on the Web.
An immortalized cell line expresses properties of activated microglial cells (1992)

Murine cultured microglial cells were immortalized after infection with a v-raf/v-myc recombinant retrovirus. This immortalized cell line (BV-2) shares properties with body macrophages with respect to the antigen profile, their phagocytic capacity and antimicrobial activity. BV-2 cells are not constitutively able to kill tumor cells in vitro, but acquire antitumor activity following an increase in [Ca++]i. BV-2 cells, like microglial cells, are however, distinct from peripheral macrophages by their expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channels in concert with a lack in outwardly rectifying K+ channels and the formation of spineous processes. The BV-2 cell line thus represents a suitable model for in vitro studies of activated microglial cells.
The Origins of Brown Adipose Tissue (2009)

Adipocytes that make up brown fat have two disparate lineages; one seems more closely related to muscle than to white adipose tissue.
Regioselective Synthesis and Cytotoxicities of Camptothecin Derivatives Modified at the 7‐, 10‐ and 20‐Positions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
AEG-1 is associated with clinical outcome in neuroblastoma patients (2012)

Astrocyte elevated gene 1 (AEG-1), a novel gene that was cloned in 2002, has emerged in recent years as a potentially crucial mediator of tumor malignancy and aberrant elevation of AEG-1 expression frequently occurs in several human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer. However, whether AEG-1 deregulation also occurs in neuroblastoma remains unclear. In previous study we reported that AEG-1 was over expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and knockdown of AEG-1 inhibits proliferation and enhancing chemo-sensitivity to cisplatin or doxorubicin in neuroblastoma cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of AEG-1 and evaluate its prognostic significance by correlating AEG-1 expression levels with clinic pathologic features and survival in 32 archived neuroblastoma patients We found that positive AEG-1 immunoreactivities were present in all neuroblastoma cases, 75% showed high expression of AEG-1. And high expression of AEG-1 was commonly seen in vascular endothelial cells and glandula in neuroblastoma samples. AEG-1 expression was strongly correlated with age at diagnosis (P=0.012), clinical stage (P=0.030) and tumor histology stage (P=0.041). However, our analyses did not show significant associations between AEG-1 expression and other clinical features including gender and primary tumor site. Importantly, our data presented in this report provide, for the first time, evidence that elevated expression of AEG-1 protein is correlated with poor prognosis and reduced survival of patients with neuroblastoma (P= 0.031). Overall, the data support the notion that AEG-1 might be used as a biomarker for neuroblastoma patients.
New approach to producing patterned biomolecular assemblies (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew approach to producing patterned biomolecular assembliesSuresh K. Bhatia, James J. Hickman, and Frances S. LiglerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 11, 4432–4433Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00037a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00037a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Gellan Gum Biosynthetic Genes <i>gelC</i> and <i>gelE</i> Encode Two Separate Polypeptides Homologous to the Activator and the Kinase Domains of Tyrosine Autokinases (2004)

The high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide gellan is an important commercial gelling agent produced in high yield by the Gram-negative bacterium Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. The cluster of genes required for gellan biosynthesis contains the genes gelC and gelE. These encode for two polypeptides homologous to the activator domain and the kinase domain, respectively, of bacterial autophosphorylating tyrosine kinases involved in polysaccharide chain length determination. The GelC/GelE pair is an exception to the biochemically characterized Gram-negative tyrosine autokinases since it consists of two polypeptides instead of a single one. The deletion of gelC or gelE resulted in the abolishment of gellan in the culture medium confirming their role in gellan biosynthesis. In addition, ATP-binding assays confirmed the predicted ATP-binding ability of GelE. Interestingly, GelE contains an unusual Walker A sequence (ASTGVGCS), where the invariant lysine is replaced by a cysteine. This residue was replaced by alanine or lysine and although both mutant proteins were able to restore gellan production by complementation of the gelE deletion mutant to the production level observed with native GelE, only the mutated GelE where the cysteine was replaced by alanine was demonstrated to bind ATP in vitro. The importance of specific tyrosine residues present in the C-terminal domain of GelE in gellan assembly was also determined. The tyrosine residue at position 198 appears to be essential for the synthesis of high-molecular-weight gellan, although other tyrosine residues may additionally contribute to GelE biological function.
DNA damage promotes jumping between templates during enzymatic amplification. (1990)

Pairs of templates and primers were designed so that only recombination events would lead to amplification via the polymerase chain reaction. This approach reveals that lesions such as breaks, apurinic sites, and UV damage in a DNA template can cause the extending primer to jump to another template during the polymerase chain reaction. By comparing sequences of amplification products that were determined directly or via bacterial cloning, it was shown that when the thermostable Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase encounters the end of a template molecule, it sometimes inserts an adenosine residue; the prematurely terminated product then jumps to another template and polymerization continues, creating an in vitro recombination product. Consequently, amplification products from damaged templates such as archaeological DNA are made up of a high proportion of chimeric molecules. The illegitimate adenosine and thymidine residues in these molecules are detected when cloned molecules are sequenced, but are generally averaged out when the amplification product is sequenced directly. However, if site-specific lesions exist in template DNA or if the amplification is initiated from very few copies, direct sequencing also may yield incorrect sequences. The phenomenon of the "jumping polymerase chain reaction" can be exploited to assess the frequency and location of lesions in nucleic acids.
Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). (1999)

Fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in BW affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. Ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and BW recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck removal. Lactational status (lactating = WET; nonlactating = DRY) were determined from farm records taken at weaning prior to each breeding season (autumn 1990 through autumn 1994). Ultrasonography and PSPB for determining pregnancy were in agreement 93% of the time. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) relative to age of the doe; the combined pregnancy rate was 92%. We also determined that 82.9% of does conceived early in the breeding season and that the incidence of embryonal-fetal mortality during the first 90 d after buck removal was 2.8%. In general, mature and 2-yr-old DRY does were heavier and had lower pregnancy rates than WET does. The overall weaning rate for all does was 77.9%. Loss in the number of fawns from pregnancy detection to weaning was equivalent to 14.8% for mature does, 24.7% for 2 yr old does, and 42.5% for yearling does. These data indicate that even though pregnancy rates were relatively high, further study is needed to determine the causes associated with subsequent fawn losses, particularly among yearling does. As a production tool, lactational WET/ DRY status testing was found to be an acceptable means for determining the reproductive potential of individual does within the herd. In addition, serum PSPB may be used in place of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in fallow deer as early as d 30 after buck removal.
A role for autophosphorylation revealed by activated alleles of FUS3, the yeast MAP kinase homolog. (1994)

We have isolated dominant gain-of-function (gf) mutations in FUS3, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homolog, that constitutively activate the yeast mating signal transduction pathway and confer hypersensitivity to mating pheromone. Surprisingly, the phenotypes of dominant FUS3gf mutations require the two protein kinases, STE7 and STE11. FUS3gf kinases are hyperphosphorylated in yeast independently of STE7. Consistent with this, FUS3gf kinases expressed in Escherichia coli exhibit an increased ability to autophosphorylate on tyrosine in vivo. FUS3gf mutations suppress the signal transduction defect of a severely catalytically impaired allele of STE7. This finding suggests that the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of FUS3 is a better substrate for activation by STE7. Furthermore, these results imply that the degree of autophosphorylation of a MAP kinase determines its threshold of sensitivity to upstream signals.
Comparative study of three vaginal markers of the premature rupture of membranes: Insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 Diamine‐oxidase pH (1997)

The determination of variations in pH is not satisfactory. IGFBP1 is at least better than DAO with, additionally, advantages of rapidity and simplicity.
REVERSING ESTABLISHED SEPSIS WITH ANTAGO-NIST OF HMGB1. (2003)

Yang, H.; Ochani, M.; Li, J.; Wang, H-C.; Ulloa, L.; Wang, H.; Czura, C. J.; Tracey, K. J. Author Information
Detection of Trace Levels of Gasoline in Arson Cases by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with an Automatic On-Line Thermal Desorber (1994)

Abstract A method for the analysis of trace levels of gasoline in arson debris using an automatic thermal desorber (TD) and commercial Tenax adsorbent tubes is described. First, a static headspace screening test is performed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Suspected gasoline is reanalyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gasoline traces smaller than 10 μL in a 1 liter volume are analyzed by a dynamic heated headspace procedure with thermal desorption and GC-MS after adsorption on 45 mg Tenax tubes. The desorption of adsorbed vapors is carried out by heating the tubes; the analytes are focused in cryogenic units cooled with liquid nitrogen. The cryofocused vapor sample is flash-heated for injection into the capillary column of the GC. The dynamic heated headspace technique (TD-GC-MS) is suitable for analyses of trace amounts of gasoline (0.1–10 µL in 1 liter volume).
Inflammation and ectopic lymphoid structures in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues dissected by genomics technology: Identification of the interleukin‐7 signaling pathway in tissues with lymphoid neogenesis (2007)

Activation of the IL-7 pathway may play an important role in lymphoid neogenesis, analogous to its role in the development of normal lymphoid tissue.
Determinants of targeting by endogenous and exogenous microRNAs and siRNAs (2007)

Vertebrate mRNAs are frequently targeted for post-transcriptional repression by microRNAs (miRNAs) through mechanisms involving pairing of 3' UTR seed matches to bases at the 5' end of miRNAs. Through analysis of expression array data following miRNA or siRNA overexpression or inhibition, we found that mRNA fold change increases multiplicatively (i.e., log-additively) with seed match count and that a single 8 mer seed match mediates down-regulation comparable to two 7 mer seed matches. We identified several targeting determinants that enhance seed match-associated mRNA repression, including the presence of adenosine opposite miRNA base 1 and of adenosine or uridine opposite miRNA base 9, independent of complementarity to the siRNA/miRNA. Increased sequence conservation in the approximately 50 bases 5' and 3' of the seed match and increased AU content 3' of the seed match were each independently associated with increased mRNA down-regulation. All of these determinants are enriched in the vicinity of conserved miRNA seed matches, supporting their activity in endogenous miRNA targeting. Together, our results enable improved siRNA off-target prediction, allow integrated ranking of conserved and nonconserved miRNA targets, and show that targeting by endogenous and exogenous miRNAs/siRNAs involves similar or identical determinants.
Symbolic execution and program testing (1976)

This paper describes the symbolic execution of programs. Instead of supplying the normal inputs to a program (e.g. numbers) one supplies symbols representing arbitrary values. The execution proceeds as in a normal execution except that values may be symbolic formulas over the input symbols. The difficult, yet interesting issues arise during the symbolic execution of conditional branch type statements. A particular system called EFFIGY which provides symbolic execution for program testing and debugging is also described. It interpretively executes programs written in a simple PL/I style programming language. It includes many standard debugging features, the ability to manage and to prove things about symbolic expressions, a simple program testing manager, and a program verifier. A brief discussion of the relationship between symbolic execution and program proving is also included.
Functional disruption of the dystrophin gene in rhesus monkey using CRISPR/Cas9 (2015)

CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to genetically modify genomes in a variety of species, including non-human primates. Unfortunately, this new technology does cause mosaic mutations, and we do not yet know whether such mutations can functionally disrupt the targeted gene or cause the pathology seen in human disease. Addressing these issues is necessary if we are to generate large animal models of human diseases using CRISPR/Cas9. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the monkey dystrophin gene to create mutations that lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy. Examination of the relative targeting rate revealed that Crispr/Cas9 targeting could lead to mosaic mutations in up to 87% of the dystrophin alleles in monkey muscle. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutations in both male and female monkeys, with the markedly depleted dystrophin and muscle degeneration seen in early DMD. Our findings indicate that CRISPR/Cas9 can efficiently generate monkey models of human diseases, regardless of inheritance patterns. The presence of degenerated muscle cells in newborn Cas9-targeted monkeys suggests that therapeutic interventions at the early disease stage may be effective at alleviating the myopathy.
Effects of the two types of anorexia nervosa (binge eating/purging and restrictive) on bone metabolism in female patients (2018)

This study shows the profiles of AN patients according to AN type. However, the impact of the profile characteristics on bone status, although significant, was minor and disappeared after multiple adjustments. The positive correlation between REE and aBMD reinforces the concept that energy disposal and bone metabolism are strongly interdependent.
Microfluidic Confinement of Single Cells of Bacteria in Small Volumes Initiates High‐Density Behavior of Quorum Sensing and Growth and Reveals Its Variability (2009)

One is a quorum: As few as one to three cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria are confined in small volumes by the use of microfluidics. These small numbers of cells are able to activate quorum sensing (QS) pathways and achieve QS-dependent growth. The results also show that at low numbers of cells, initiation of QS is highly variable within a clonal population. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.