gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in fetal hemoglobin parameters and predicted hemoglobin S polymerization in sickle cell children in the first two years of life: Parisian Prospective Study on Sickle Cell Disease (1994)

Intracellular hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization is most likely to be the primary determinant of the clinical and biologic manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD). Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) does not enter the HbS polymer and its intracellular expression in sickle erythrocytes inhibits polymerization. HbF levels, high at birth but decreasing thereafter, protect the newborn from the clinical manifestations of this hemoglobinopathy. We have measured the sequential changes in HbF, F reticulocytes, and F cells in the first 2 years of life in 25 children with SCD and compared the results with those obtained in 30 normal children (AA). We have also calculated HbF per F cell (F/F cell), the preferential survival of F cells versus non-F cells, as measured by the ratio F cells versus F reticulocytes (FC/FR) and polymer tendency at 40% and 70% oxygen saturation. HbF levels decreased from about 80.4% +/- 4.0% at birth to 9.2% +/- 2.9% at 24 months. During this time, we observed a regular decrease of the F reticulocytes and the F cells. The kinetics of the decline of F/F cell was comparable with the decline of HbF, rapid from birth (mean, 27.0 +/- 3.6 pg) to 12 months of age (mean, 8.5 +/- 1.5 pg) and then slower from 12 to 24 months of age (mean, 6.2 +/- 1.0 pg) in the SCD children. In the AA children, the decrease in HbF, due to changes in both numbers of F cells and F/F cell, was more precipitous, reaching steady-state levels by 10 months of age. Calculated values for mean polymer tendency in the F-cell population showed that polymerization should begin to occur at 40% oxygen saturation at about 3 months and increase progressively with age, whereas polymerization at 70% oxygen saturation would not occur until about 24 months. These values correspond to HbF levels of 50.8% +/- 10.8% and 9.2% +/- 2.9%, respectively, and F/F cell levels of 15.6 +/- 4.5 pg and 6.2 +/- 1.0 pg, respectively. In the non--F-cell population, polymerization was expected at birth at both oxygen saturation values. Three individuals had significantly greater predicted polymerization tendency than the remainder of the group because of early decreases in HbF. These individuals in particular, the remainder of the cohort, as well as other recruited newborns, will be studied prospectively to ascertain the relationship among hematologic parameters, which determine polymerization tendency and the various clinical manifestations of SCD.
Enhancement of anti-Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response by addition of the cholera toxin B subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-Shigella flexneri 2a LPS vaccines (1994)

Addition of the cholera toxin B subunit to oral and intranasal proteosome-Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccines improved their immunogenicities. Enhancement of anti-O-Shigella immunoglobulin A levels was most evident in lung lavages following oral immunization and in lung and intestinal fluids when suboptimal doses were used with either immunization route.
A 2-dimensional placement algorithm for the layout of electrical circuits. (1976)

PLAC is a multi-algorithm, 2-dimensional placement program which accommodates many of the “real world” constraints which occur in the layout of electrical circuits. PLAC was implemented as part of LTX [1], a general integrated circuit layout system, but is capable of handling circuit layout tasks from other technologies (e.g., PC boards, ceramic substrates).
Decreases in Cerebral Microvasculature with Age Are Associated with the Decline in Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1* (1997)

Several reports have demonstrated that cerebral blood flow decreases with age and may contribute to neurodegenerative changes found in aging animals and man. Because GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) decrease with age and have an important role in vascular maintenance and remodeling, we hypothesized that the decrease in cerebral blood flow is associated with a rarefaction of cerebral blood vessels resulting from a decline in GH and IGF-1. Measurements of vascular density (number of vessels/cortical surface area) in both Brown-Norway and Fisher 344/Brown-Norway rats were made at 5, 13, and 29 months of age using chronic cranial window chambers that allowed viewing of the cortical surface and its corresponding vasculature. Correlations were made with plasma levels of IGF-1. In Brown-Norway rats, arteriolar density decreased from 15.53 +/- 1.08 to 9.49 +/- 0.62 endpoints/mm2 in 7- and 29-month-old animals, respectively (P < 0.05). A decline was observed also in arteriolar anastomoses [3.05 +/- 0.21 to 1.42 +/- 0.24 connections/mm2 in 7- and 29-month-old animals (P < 0.05)]. Venular density did not decrease with age. Similar changes were observed in Fisher 344/Brown-Norway rats. The number of cortical surface arterioles was correlated with plasma IGF-1 levels at the time of vascular mapping (r = 0.772, P < 0.05), and injection of bovine GH (0.25 mg/kg, s.c., twice daily for 35 days) to 30-month-old animals increased both plasma IGF-1 and the number of cortical arterioles. These data indicate that: 1) vascular density on the surface of the cortex decreases with age; 2) vascular density is correlated with plasma levels of IGF-1; and 3) injection of GH increases cortical vascular density in older animals. We conclude that GH and IGF-1 have an important role in the decline in vascular density with age and suggest that decreases in vascular density may have important implications for the age-related decline in cerebral blood flow and brain function.
Open Mesh versus Laparoscopic Mesh Repair of Inguinal Hernia (2004)

The open technique is superior to the laparoscopic technique for mesh repair of primary hernias.
Efficacy of bolus intravenous iron dextran treatment in peritoneal dialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoietin. (1996)

The efficient use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) requires adequate body stores of iron. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, iron replacement is most commonly administered orally. In this study, we prospectively followed 7 stable PD patients following bolus intravenous infusion of 1 g iron dextran in an outpatient setting. At 12 weeks, significant (p < 0.05) increments in mean hematocrit from 29.13% to 34.85%, transferrin saturation from 10.15% to 29.33%, serum iron from 27.38 to 67.00 micrograms/dL, and serum ferritin from 150.30 to 331.40 ng/mL were observed. Post-treatment, there was less requirement of rHuEPO, and at six months there was a 26% reduction in the mean weekly subcutaneous rHuEPO dose. At 12 weeks, serum albumin increased significantly from 3.50 to 3.76 g/dL (p < 0.05). There was no abnormality in any of the measured liver function tests. No patient developed an adverse or allergic reaction. We concluded that bolus intravenous infusion of iron dextran is an effective and well-tolerated method of repleting iron stores, and will allow a more efficient and economic use of rHuEPO in PD patients.
Structure, tissue distribution and genomic organization of the murine RRM-type RNA binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR (1996)

TIA-1 and TIAR are RNA binding proteins of the RNA recognition motif (RRM)/ribonucleoprotein (RNP) family that have been implicated as effectors of apoptotic cell death. We report the structures of murine TIA-1 and TIAR (mTIA-1 and mTIAR) deduced from cDNA cloning, the mRNA and protein tissue distribution of mTIA-1 and mTIAR, and the exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes. Both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are comprised of three approximately 100 amino acid N-terminal RRM domains and a approximately 90 amino acid C-terminal auxiliary domain. This subfamily of RRM proteins is evolutionarily well conserved; mTIA-1 and mTIAR are 80% similar to each other, and 96 and 99% similar to hTIA-1 and hTIAR, respectively. The overall exon-intron structures of the mTIA-1 and mTIAR genes are also similar to each other, as well as to the human TIA-1 gene structure. While Northern blot analysis reveals that mTIA-1 and mTIAR mRNAs have a broad tissue distribution, mTIA-1 and mTIAR proteins are predominantly expressed in brain, testis and spleen. At least two isoforms of both mTIA-1 and mTIAR are generated by alternative splicing. Murine TIA-1 isoforms including or lacking the exon 5 encoded sequences are expressed at a ratio of approximately 1:1, whereas mTIAR isoforms including or lacking the 5'-end of exon 3 sequences are expressed in a approximately 1:6 ratio. Molecular characterization of murine TIA-1 and TIAR RNA binding proteins provides the basis for a genetic analysis of the functional roles of these proteins during mammalian development.
Continuous Combination Oral Contraceptive Pills to Eliminate Withdrawal Bleeding (2003)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To compare bleeding profiles of a traditional 28-day oral contraceptive pill cycle with continuous administration. METHODS After a 28-day run-in cycle, women were randomized to either 28-day cycles (21 active pills and a pill-free week) or continuous use of the same 20-μg ethinyl estradiol/100-μg levonorgestrel formulation for 12 study cycles (336 days). The number of bleeding and spotting days were measured by daily diary. A subset underwent cycle 1 (n = 16), and nine (n = 14) pelvic ultrasound and endometrial histology sampling. Blood pressure, weight, hemoglobin, and adverse events were measured at revisit. The sample size with 80% power to detect a 67% reduction in bleeding days required 27 subjects in each arm. RESULTS Of the 79 subjects randomized, 28 (70%) of the 28-day cycle and 32 (82%) of the continuous-use subjects completed the entire study (P = .6). With continuous use, 49%, 68%, and 88% of women reported no bleeding during cycles 2, 6, and 12, respectively. Amenorrhea or infrequent bleeding was present in 68% of continuous users during cycles 1–3 and increased to 88% during cycles 10–12. Spotting during cycle days 1–21 increased initially with continuous use but reduced over time, and by 9 months was less than the spotting reported by cyclic users. Adverse events, blood pressure, weight, and hemoglobin findings were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Extension of the 28-day oral contraceptive cycle to continuous use with a low-estrogen dose combination oral birth control pill resulted in significantly fewer bleeding days. Continuous administration of a monophasic 20-μg ethinyl estradiol oral contraceptive pill significantly decreases bleeding with an initial increase in spotting.
Application of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers in self-oscillating atomic clocks (2006)

We discuss practical aspects of building atomic clocks consisting of an optoelectronic oscillator stabilized with the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in a 87Rb atomic vapour cell, where a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is used as a light source. In particular, we show how the variable microwave power injection into the VCSEL, its optical injection-locking, and the phase stability of the optical-microwave link influences the stability of the clocks.
Collecting, interpreting, and merging fish telemetry data from an AUV: Remote sensing from an already remote platform (2010)

Chemical and hydrological AUV sensors (e.g. C, T, 02, CDOM, Chlorophyll a) collect information about water in contact with or in close proximity to the vehicle. Sonar (e.g. ADCF, side scan, dual beam, and multibeam) collect data about features distant on the scale of tens of meters away and linked to coordinates. In contrast, acoustic tags implanted in fishes or other marine fauna can be detected at distances greater than a kilometer away, which brings special considerations to data treatment and merging. In the case of telemetry systems that log sound pressure levels, relative signal strength can be used to produce proximity maps using regression. For systems with invariant signal timing, a synthetic aperture engine can calculate location of the tag if a suitable AUV path produces a good aperture. In the common case where both of these conditions are lacking, the tag position must be assigned to a place along the vehicle's path. The use of tags that broadcast information from their own sensors (e.g. pressure, temperature) can help resolve both the position and environment of the distant tag. An empirically-fashioned hierarchical decision matrix based on numerous AUV-fish telemetry missions in shallow and deep (<;3m to 600m) water assists in mission planning, data processing, and displaying AUV-collected data about telemetered fauna and their environment.
The bone morphogenic protein antagonist gremlin regulates proximal‐distal patterning of the lung (2001)

The proximal-distal patterning of lung epithelium involves a complex series of signaling and transcriptional events resulting in the programmed differentiation of highly specialized cells for gas exchange and surfactant protein expression essential for postnatal lung function. The BMP signaling pathway has been shown to regulate cellular differentiation in the lung as well as other tissues. In this report, we show that the can family of related BMP antagonists, including gremlin, cer-1, PRDC, and Dan are expressed in the lung during embryonic development with gremlin expression observed in the proximal airway epithelium. The role of gremlin in lung development was explored by overexpressing it in the distal lung epithelium of transgenic mice using the human SP-C promoter. SP-C/gremlin transgenic mice exhibited a disruption of the proximal-distal patterning found in the airways of the mammalian lung. Expanded expression of the proximal epithelial cell markers CC10 and HFH-4 (Foxj1) was observed in the distal regions of transgenic lungs. Furthermore, smooth muscle alpha-actin expression was observed surrounding the distal airways of SP-C/gremlin mice, indicating a proximalization of distal lung tubules. These data suggest that gremlin plays an important role in lung morphogenesis by regulating the proximal-distal patterning of the lung during development.
OX40L blockade protects against inflammation-driven fibrosis (2016)

Treatment for fibrosis represents a critical unmet need, because fibrosis is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries, and there is no effective therapy to counteract the fibrotic process. The development of fibrosis relates to the interplay between vessel injury, immune cell activation, and fibroblast stimulation, which can occur in various tissues. Immunotherapies have provided a breakthrough in the treatment of immune diseases. The glycoprotein OX40-OX40 ligand (OX40L) axis offers the advantage of a targeted approach to costimulatory signals with limited impact on the whole immune response. Using systemic sclerosis (SSc) as a prototypic disease, we report compelling evidence that blockade of OX40L is a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation-driven fibrosis. OX40L is overexpressed in the fibrotic skin and serum of patients with SSc, particularly in patients with diffuse cutaneous forms. Soluble OX40L was identified as a promising serum biomarker to predict the worsening of lung and skin fibrosis, highlighting the role of this pathway in fibrosis. In vivo, OX40L blockade prevents inflammation-driven skin, lung, and vessel fibrosis and induces the regression of established dermal fibrosis in different complementary mouse models. OX40L exerts potent profibrotic effects by promoting the infiltration of inflammatory cells into lesional tissues and therefore the release of proinflammatory mediators, thereafter leading to fibroblast activation.
Leukocyte CD11/CD18 integrins: biological and clinical relevance. (1995)

The integrin family consists of a series of related alpha beta heterodimers (subunits of 95,000-200,000 Mw) involved in a variety of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion functions. Leukocyte adhesion has biological importance in numerous processes involving host defense. The CD11/CD18 integrins are differentiated antigens which play a critical role in this mechanism. CD11a/CD18 are apparent on early progenitors of all myeloid and erythroid cells. CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 are more restricted antigens normally expressed on monocytes, macrophages, PMN and natural killer cells. Activated granulocytes and monocytes express far more CD11b/CD18 than the other two antigens: 6 to 8 x 10(5) CD11b/CD18 molecules appear on maximally activated granulocytes. These integrins and in particular the beta 2 subunit are lacking in a genetic disease. On the other hand, they are fundamental in numerous physiological processes and in various hematological and cardiovascular diseases. The biochemical characterization and behavior of the CD11/CD18 complex in various clinical conditions are the subject of this review.
The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain (2001)

aDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA bDepartment of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project, University of Miami, R-48, 1600 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-603-650-6204; fax: +1-603-650-4928 E-mail: [email protected] Received 20 December 2000; accepted 21 December 2000.
Multiple Interactions within the AKAP220 Signaling Complex Contribute to Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulation (2001)

The phosphorylation status of cellular proteins is controlled by the opposing actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. Compartmentalization of these enzymes is critical for spatial and temporal control of these phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. We previously reported that a 220-kDa A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP220) coordinates the location of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the type 1 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (PP1c) (Schillace, R. V., and Scott, J. D. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9, 321-324). We now demonstrate that an AKAP220 fragment is a competitive inhibitor of PP1c activity (K(i) = 2.9 +/- 0.7 micrometer). Mapping studies and activity measurements indicate that several protein-protein interactions act synergistically to inhibit PP1. A consensus targeting motif, between residues 1195 and 1198 (Lys-Val-Gln-Phe), binds but does not affect enzyme activity, whereas determinants between residues 1711 and 1901 inhibit the phosphatase. Analysis of truncated PP1c and chimeric PP1/2A catalytic subunits suggests that AKAP220 inhibits the phosphatase in a manner distinct from all known PP1 inhibitors and toxins. Intermolecular interactions within the AKAP220 signaling complex further contribute to PP1 inhibition as addition of the PKA regulatory subunit (RII) enhances phosphatase inhibition. These experiments indicate that regulation of PP1 activity by AKAP220 involves a complex network of intra- and intermolecular interactions.
Robust real-time deformation of incompressible surface meshes (2011)

We introduce an efficient technique for robustly simulating incompressible objects with thousands of elements in real-time. Instead of considering a tetrahedral model, commonly used to simulate volumetric bodies, we simply use their surfaces. Not requiring hundreds or even thousands of elements in the interior of the object enables us to simulate more elements on the surface, resulting in high quality deformations at low computation costs. The elasticity of the objects is robustly simulated with a geometrically motivated shape matching approach which is extended by a fast summation technique for arbitrary triangle meshes suitable for an efficient parallel computation on the GPU. Moreover, we present an oscillation-free and collision-aware volume constraint, purely based on the surface of the incompressible body. The novel heuristic we propose in our approach enables us to conserve the volume, both globally and locally. Our volume constraint is not limited to the shape matching method and can be used with any method simulating the elasticity of an object. We present several examples which demonstrate high quality volume conserving deformations and compare the run-times of our CPU implementation, as well as our GPU implementation with similar methods.
DR-LINK's linguistic conceptual approach to document detection (1993)

There is a continuum of levels of linguistic-conceptual processing which can produce enrichments of the original text in order to explicitly represent documents at more conceptual levels for more accurate matching to queries. To produce richer representations of documents and topic statements we have developed a system whose architecture is modular in design and which uses lexical, syntactic, semantic and discourse processing techniques
Quantification of membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons in guinea pigs (1986)

Passive and active (voltage- and time-dependent) membrane properties of trigeminal root ganglion neurons of decerebrate guinea pigs have been determined using frequency-domain analyses of small-amplitude perturbations of membrane voltage. The complex impedance functions of trigeminal ganglion neurons were computed from the ratios of the fast Fourier transforms of the intracellularly recorded voltage response from the neuron and of the input current, which had a defined oscillatory waveform. The impedance magnitude functions and corresponding impedance locus diagrams were fitted with various membrane models such that the passive and active properties were quantified. The complex impedances of less than one-quarter of the 105 neurons which were investigated extensively could be described by the complex impedance function for a simple RC-electrical circuit. In such neurons, the voltage responses to constant-current pulses, using conventional bridge-balance techniques, could be fitted with single exponential curves, also suggesting passive membrane behavior. A nonlinear least-squares fit of the complex impedance function for the simple model to the experimentally observed complex impedance yielded estimates of the resistance of the electrode, and of input capacitance (range, 56 to 490 pF) and input resistance (range, 0.8 to 30 M omega) of the neurons. The majority of trigeminal ganglion neurons were characterized by a resonance in the 50- to 250-Hz bandwidth of their impedance magnitude functions. Such neurons when injected with "large" hyperpolarizing current pulses using bridge-balance techniques showed membrane voltage responses that "sagged" (time-dependent rectification). Also, repetitive firing commonly occurred with depolarizing current pulses; this characteristic of neurons with resonance in their impedance magnitude functions was not observed in neurons with "purely" passive membrane behavior. A nonlinear least-squares fit of a five-parameter impedance fitting function based on a membrane model to the impedance locus diagram of a neuron with resonance yielded estimates of its membrane properties: input capacitance, the time-invariant part of the conductance, the conductance activated by the small oscillatory input current, and the relaxation time constant for this conductance. The ranges of the estimates for input capacitance and input resistance were comparable to the ranges of corresponding properties derived for neurons exhibiting "purely" passive behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Volume therapy, plasma osmolality, and vasopressin release in septic shock: “Scio ne nihil scire” (Socrates)* (2009)

Ertmer, Christian MD; Westphal, Martin MD, PhD; Rehberg, Sebastian MD Author Information