gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel ‘inflammatory plaque’ pathology in presenilin‐1 Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Inflammation, in the form of reactive astrocytes and microglia, is thought to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis where it correlates with brain atrophy and disease severity. The Abeta protein, which comprises senile plaques, is thought to be responsible for initiating this inflammatory response. Despite having a more aggressive disease process and greater Abeta deposition, few studies have investigated inflammation in early onset AD cases with mutations in the presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene. In fact, many researchers place importance on a variant plaque pathology in PS-1 cases, known as cotton wool plaques, which lack significant inflammatory infiltrate. We investigated the association between inflammation and plaque pathology in PS-1 AD. Classic cored, cotton wool and diffuse Abeta plaques were observed in all cases. PS-1 cases also exhibited a novel plaque pathology with a significantly greater inflammatory response in the form of reactive microglia and astrocytes. These 'inflammatory plaques' consisted of a dense cresyl violet-, silver-, and thioflavin S-positive, but Abeta-, tau-, apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-, non-Abeta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid (NAC)- and PS-1-negative core. These findings indicate potent stimulator(s) of inflammation that are not typical of the Abeta that accumulates in the pathological hallmarks of sporadic AD. Identification of this substance may be important for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
Adaptive localization in a dynamic WiFi environment through multi-view learning (2007)

Analyses of the virion polypeptides and genomes of several Phlebotomus fever group viruses, Karimabad, Punta Toro, Chagres, and the sandfly fever Sicilian serotype viruses, have established that they are biochemically similar to the accepted members of the Bunyaviridae family. Like snowshoe hare virus (a member of the California serogroup of the Bunyavirus genus of the Bunyaviridae family), Karimabad, Punta Toro, Chagres, and the sandfly fever Sicilian serotype viruses all have three viral RNA species, designated large (L), medium (M), and small (S). Oligonucleotide fingerprint analyses of Karimabad and Punta Toro virus RNA species indicated that their L, M, and S RNA species are unique. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it was determined for Karimabad virus that the apparent molecular weights of its L, M, and S RNA species are 2.6 X 10(6), 2.2 X 10(6), and 0.8 X 10(6), respectively. For Punta Toro virus, the apparent molecular weights of its L, M, and S RNA species are 2.8 X 10(6), 1.8 X 10(6), and 0.75 X 10(6), respectively. The major internal nucleocapsid (N) protein of Karimabad virus was found to have a molecular weight of 21 X 10(3). A similar polypeptide size class was identified in preparations of sandfly fever Sicilian serotype, Chagres, and Punta Toro viruses. The Karimabad virus glycoproteins formed the external surface projections on virus particles and could be removed from virus preparations by protease treatment. The glycoproteins in an unreduced sample could be resolved into two size classes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They had apparent molecular weights of 62 X 10(3) and 50 X 10(3) in continuous polyacrylamide gels. When Karimabad virus preparations were reduced with 1% beta-mercaptoethanol, prior to resolution by continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, all the viral glycoprotein was recovered in a single size class, having an apparent molecular weight of 62 X 10(3). Two or three major virion polypeptides have been identified in preparations of Punta Toro, Chagres, and sandfly fever Sicilian serotype viruses.
Ca2+ Binding to the First Epidermal Growth Factor Module of Coagulation Factor VIIa Is Important for Cofactor Interaction and Proteolytic Function (1997)

Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) domain Ca2+ binding sites in the homologous coagulation factors VII, IX, and X stabilize the structural orientation of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (Gla) domain relative to EGF-1. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed here to analyze the functional importance of Ca2+ binding to EGF-1 in factor VIIa (VIIa), which initiates coagulation in complex with its cofactor, tissue factor (TF). Ala replacements for Asp63 or Gln49 resulted in reduced TF affinity concordant with the number of eliminated Ca2+-coordinating oxygen atoms in the respective side chains. Ca2+ binding to EGF-1 had no major direct effect on contacts with TF residue Gln110 or on interactions of VIIa residues Arg79 and Phe40, suggesting that the stabilized Gla-EGF-1 orientation affects overall docking. Gly, Ala, and Glu replacements at Asp46, which is a Ca2+-coordinating residue at the Gla aromatic stack carboxyl terminus, are consistent with the notion that an increased flexibility of the Gla domain relative to EGF-1 contributes significantly to loss of function. Certain mutants in the EGF-1 Ca2+ site had reduced proteolytic function, suggesting the importance of the high affinity Ca2+ binding site for macromolecular substrate interaction.
A Fully-Integrated Efficient CMOS Inverse Class-D Power Amplifier for Digital Polar Transmitters (2012)

In this work, we have demonstrated a fully-integrated, high-efficiency CMOS inverse Class-D PA. Such efficient switching amplifiers can form the core of mixed-signal polar transmitters. A comprehensive analytical framework has been developed to determine optimum component values to maximize efficiency. Operating from a 1-V supply, the PA achieves a peak efficiency of 44% without any RF process options. This is comparable to that of state-of-the-art CMOS switching PAs despite using a much simpler output matching network.
Studies on antigenic competition III. Is there a competitive step in tolerance induction? (1972)

Abstract The induction of tolerance to mixtures of antigens has been studied in mice. The mixtures used were rabbit Fab′ and rabbit Fab′, a synthetic polypeptide(T,G)‐Pro‐L and rabbit Fab′, and (T,G)‐Pro‐L and rabbit IgG. It was established that these antigens would compete with each other for antibody production if administered in adjuvant. However, in no case was the threshold of tolerance induction of an antigen affected by the simultaneous induction of tolerance to any other antigen in the mixture. Other competitive systems confirmed this result. Thus, there is apparently no competititve step intolerance induction. Moreover, antigenic competition for antibody production did not occur in animals rendered tolerant to the dominant antigen. The relevance of these findings to the mechanisms of competition and tolerance is discussed.
Textured laser range scanning and registration of the cortical surface (2002)

A novel method for intra-operative data acquisition using a laser range scanner is presented for applications in model-updated image-guided surgery. The scanner produces a point cloud containing true-color encoded range data of its field-of-view. This allows characterization of intra-operative conditions using both intensity and geometry information. Furthermore, a rigid-body registration algorithm is developed to incorporate the scanner's unique data into image-guided surgery applications. The algorithm builds on iterative closest point transforms and mutual information. Phantom registration experiments have shown submillimetric accuracies using the scanner and the algorithm. In this paper we present a set of qualitative results from a neurosurgical case.
Trans receptor inhibition of human glioblastoma cells by erbB family ectodomains (1997)

Our aim has been to understand the features of erbB receptor homo- and heterodimer assembly to develop approaches to disrupt receptor activation. We have developed a general approach to cause erbB receptor-specific trans inhibition of human neoplasia. The clonal progression of human astrocytomas to a more malignant phenotype often involves the amplification and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) gene. We have selectively targeted the EGFr in human glioblastoma cells with kinase-deficient mutants of the erbB family derived from the ectodomain of the Neu oncogene that are able to form heterodimers with EGFr and inhibit EGFr-dependent phenotypes. In EGFr-positive U87MG human glioblastoma cells, expression of the Neu ectodomain inhibits EGF-, but not platelet-derived growth factor-, induced DNA synthesis; inhibits cell proliferation in the presence of EGF, but not platelet-derived growth factor; inhibits the ability of U87MG to form colonies in soft agar; and inhibits transforming efficiency in athymic mice. These studies establish that EGFr-mediated signal transduction is important in the maintenance of malignant glioma, and that trans receptor inhibition is a novel way to abrogate abnormal growth of these tumors. Neu ectodomains will be useful in determining the manner in which the EGFr contributes to glial tumorigenesis and in the design of pharmaceuticals that disable erbB family oncoproteins. In addition, these studies provide a rationale for the application of the Neu ectodomain in gene therapy approaches to human malignant glioma and, potentially, to other systemic epithelial malignancies expressing erbB family receptors.
Fractal response of physiological signals to stress conditions, environmental changes, and neurodegenerative diseases (2007)

Abstract In the past two decades the biomedical community has witnessed several applications of nonlinear system theory to the analysis of biomedical time series and the development of nonlinear dynamic models. The development of this area of medicine can best be described as nonlinear and fractal physiology. These studies have been intended to develop more reliable methodologies for understanding how biological systems respond to peculiar altered conditions induced by internal stress, environment stress, and/or disease. Herein, we summarize the theory and some of our results showing the fractal dependency on different conditions of physiological signals such as inter‐breath intervals, heart inter‐beat intervals, and human stride intervals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 12–17, 2007
CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials (2010)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Influence of junction temperature on chromaticity and color-rendering properties of trichromatic white-light sources based on light-emitting diodes (2005)

Trichromatic white-light sources based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer a high luminous efficacy of radiation, a broad range of color temperatures and excellent color-rendering properties with color-rendering indices (CRIs) exceeding 85. An analysis of the luminous efficacy and CRI of a trichromatic light source is performed for a very broad range of wavelength combinations. The peak emission wavelength, spectral width, and the output power of LEDs strongly depend on temperature and the dependencies for red, green, and blue LEDs are established. A detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of trichromatic white LED sources reveals that the luminous efficacy decreases, the color temperature increases, the CRI decreases and the chromaticity point shifts towards the blue as the junction temperature increases. A high CRI&amp;gt;80 can be maintained, by adjusting the LED power ratio so that the chromaticity point is conserved.
High and low affinity IL 2 receptors: analysis by IL 2 dissociation rate and reactivity with monoclonal anti-receptor antibody PC61. (1985)

In this report we characterize two classes of interleukin 2 (IL 2) binding sites on the basis of their differential IL 2 dissociation rate and of their reactivity with PC61, a monoclonal anti-IL 2 receptor (IL 2-R) antibody. PC61 inhibited the binding of IL 2 to both classes of receptor, but IL 2 did not inhibit the binding of PC61. This indicates that PC61 recognizes a determinant that is distal to the actual IL 2 binding site of the receptor. Dissociation experiments showed that the addition of excess unlabeled IL 2 resulted in a biphasic release of radiolabeled IL 2; 80 to 90% was dissociated rapidly (dissociation half-time, t1/2 of 60 sec) and the remainder more slowly (t1/2 60 to 90 min). The proportion of high and low affinity IL 2-R, as well as the relative difference in dissociation rates fit very well with the estimates derived previously from Scatchard plot analysis of equilibrium IL 2 binding. The addition of PC61 caused an accelerated dissociation of IL 2 from both high and low affinity IL 2-R (t1/2 of 16 and 120 sec respectively).
Differentiation and maturation of embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons in cell culture (1988)

We have previously shown that retinoic acid-treated cultures of the P19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate into neurons, glia, and fibroblast-like cells (Jones-Villeneuve et al., 1982). We report here that the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reacts with the neurons at a very early stage of their differentiation and is, therefore, an early marker of the neuronal lineage. Cells in differentiated P 19 cultures synthesized acetylcholine but not catecholamines, suggesting that at least some of the neurons are cholinergic. The neurons also carry high-affinity uptake sites for GABA but not for serotonin. In long-term cultures, neuronal processes differentiated into axons and dendrites, which formed synapses. This biological system should prove valuable for examining the development and maturation of cholinergic neurons, since their differentiation occurs in cell culture.
Clinical application of CpG-, non-CpG-, and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides as immunomodulators. (2008)

Cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs, found mainly in bacterial DNA, have immunostimulatory effects in humans and have offered new perspectives in the treatment of clinical conditions, including viral and bacterial infections, vaccination, allergy and asthma, and in antitumor therapy. Three classes of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), CpG-A, -B, and -C, with distinct biological properties and which differ in their sequence and nucleotide backbone, have been characterized. Typically, CpG-ODNs bind to TLR9 in the endosomal compartment and initiate a signaling cascade that leads to activation of proinflammatory transcription factors such as NFkappaB. In addition, non-CpG-ODNs have been shown to modulate the immune system and, although these molecules are devoid of CpG motifs, their biological action appears to require a functional TLR9. In this review, advances in the clinical therapy and prevention of infectious diseases using ODNs, as well as the use of antisense ODNs that specifically target genes and control exaggerated immune responses, are discussed. In addition, an update of selected ODNs that have entered clinical trials is provided.
Influence of polar residue deletions on lipid-protein interactions with the myelin proteolipid protein. Spin-label ESR studies with DM-20/lipid recombinants (1990)

The lipid specificities of two related integral membrane proteins of central nervous system myelin, the proteolipid (PLP) and DM-20 proteins, which differ only by the deletion of a polar stretch of 35 contiguous amino acid residues, were studied with spin-labeled lipids after reconstitution into dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine. The selectivity in populating lipid association sites at the protein interface and in modulating the lipid exchange between protein and bulk lipid sites was quantitated by the relative association constants and the off-rate constants for exchange, respectively, for both proteins. The sequence deleted in DM-20 (residues 116-150 of PLP) is found to play a major role in determining the lipid selectivity for the parent PLP protein.
Study on Catalytic Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight Polyether Polyol by Composite Alkaline Earth Metal (2020)

Abstract Polyether Polyol is one of the main intermediates in the synthesis of polyurethane. This research work investigated the optimization of polyether polyol from propylene oxide using Single Factor Experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) through composite alkaline earth metal catalyst (BaO/MgO/γ-Al 2 O 3 ). The BaO/MgO/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst was prepared with alkaline earth metal oxide immobilized on γ-Al 2 O 3 by co-precipitation method. The preparation conditions of the catalysts is calcination temperature=600 °C, n(Ba):n(Al)=0.1:1, n(Mg):n(Al)=0.3:1. Represented with XRD, SEM, BET, CO 2 -TPD, etc. Characterization results showed that the catalysts indicated strong basic site, perfect particle surface area, pore volume, pore size and relatively uniform particle size distribution. Batch analyses demonstrated that the polyether molecular weight and the epoxide conversion was highly influenced by different process factors which include reaction temperature, pressure, time and the amount of catalyst. The conversion of propylene oxide and molecular weight to target product reached almost 63.5% and 600, respectively under the conditions of reaction temperature 190 °C, pressure 2 MPa, time 6 h and catalyst dosage 6%.
Efficient Context-Sensitive Intrusion Detection. (2004)

Model-based intrusion detection compares a process&amp;apos;s execution against a program model to detect intrusion attempts. Models constructed from static program analysis have historically traded precision for efficiency. We address this problem with our Dyck model, the first efficient statically-constructed context-sensitive model. This model specifies both the correct sequences of system calls that a program can generate and the stack changes occurring at function call sites. Experiments demonstrate that the Dyck model is an order of magnitude more precise than a context-insensitive finite state machine model. With null call squelching, a dynamic technique to bound cost, the Dyck model operates in time similar to the contextinsensitive model.
High incidence of lung, bone, and lymphoid tumors in transgenic mice overexpressing mutant alleles of the p53 oncogene. (1989)

We have investigated the role of the p53 gene in oncogenesis in vivo by generating transgenic mice carrying murine p53 genomic fragments isolated from a mouse Friend erythroleukemia cell line or BALB/c mouse liver DNA. Elevated levels of p53 mRNA were detected in several tissues of two transgenic lines tested. Increased levels of p53 protein were also detected in most of the tissues analyzed by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Because both transgenes encoded p53 proteins that were antigenically distinct from wild-type p53, it was possible to demonstrate that overexpression of the p53 protein was mostly, if not entirely, due to the expression of the transgenes. Neoplasms developed in 20% of the transgenic mice, with a high incidence of lung adenocarcinomas, osteosarcomas, and lymphomas. Tissues such as ovaries that expressed the transgene at high levels were not at higher risk of malignant transformation than tissues expressing p53 protein at much lower levels. The long latent period and low penetrance suggest that overexpression of p53 alone is not sufficient to induce malignancies and that additional events are required. These observations provide direct evidence that mutant alleles of the p53 oncogene have oncogenic potential in vivo and that different cell types show intrinsic differences in susceptibility to malignant transformation by p53. Since recent data suggest that p53 may be a recessive oncogene, it is possible that the elevated tumor incidence results from functional inactivation of endogenous p53 by overexpression of the mutant transgene. The high incidence of lung and bone tumors suggests that p53 transgenic mice may provide a useful model to investigate the molecular events that underlie these malignancies in humans.
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Embryoid Bodies Comprising the Three Embryonic Germ Layers (2000)

Human ES cells can reproducibly differentiate in vitro into EBs comprising the three embryonic germ layers. The ability to induce formation of human embryoid bodies that contain cells of neuronal, hematopoietic and cardiac origins will be useful in studying early human embryonic development as well as in transplantation medicine.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the T-cell-activating protein TAP. (1988)

The T-cell-activating protein TAP is a murine phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein whose expression is controlled by the Ly-6 locus. Previous studies have suggested an important role for this protein in physiological T-cell activation. Using oligonucleotide probes, we have now isolated a cDNA clone whose predicted sequence would encode a protein with an NH2-terminal sequence identical to that of the TAP molecule. Further analysis of the predicted protein sequence revealed a cysteine-rich protein with a hydrophobic domain at the COOH terminus and without N-linked glycosylation sites--all features consistent with our previous analysis of the TAP protein. In Southern blot analysis, the Ly-6.2 cDNA clone detects a multigene family and a restriction fragment length polymorphism that maps precisely to the Ly-6 locus. Expression of the cDNA clone in COS cells demonstrates that it codes for TAP and clarifies the relationship between the epitopes recognized by various alpha Ly-6 monoclonal antibodies. Finally, we have studied the expression of Ly-6 mRNA in a variety of cell lineages. Ly-6 transcripts were detected in all organs examined, including spleen, kidney, lung, brain, and heart. This demonstrates that the Ly-6 locus is transcriptionally active in a wide range of organs and suggests that the role of TAP or TAP-like proteins might extend to other tissues.
Genome Expansion and Gene Loss in Powdery Mildew Fungi Reveal Tradeoffs in Extreme Parasitism (2010)

Powdery mildews are phytopathogens whose growth and reproduction are entirely dependent on living plant cells. The molecular basis of this life-style, obligate biotrophy, remains unknown. We present the genome analysis of barley powdery mildew, Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Blumeria), as well as a comparison with the analysis of two powdery mildews pathogenic on dicotyledonous plants. These genomes display massive retrotransposon proliferation, genome-size expansion, and gene losses. The missing genes encode enzymes of primary and secondary metabolism, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and transporters, probably reflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style. Among the 248 candidate effectors of pathogenesis identified in the Blumeria genome, very few (less than 10) define a core set conserved in all three mildews, suggesting that most effectors represent species-specific adaptations.