gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryptophycin: a new antimicrotubule agent active against drug-resistant cells. (1994)

Cryptophycin is a cytotoxic dioxadiazacyclohexadecenetetrone isolated from cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc. Incubation of L1210 leukemia cells with cryptophycin resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in parallel with increases in the percentage of cells in mitosis (half-maximal effects at < 10 pM). Indirect immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that treatment of A-10 vascular smooth muscle cells with cryptophycin results in marked depletion of cellular microtubules and reorganization of vimentin intermediate filaments, similar to the effects of vinblastine. Cytochalasin B caused the depolymerization of microfilaments in these cells, while neither vinblastine nor cryptophycin affected this cytoskeletal component. Pretreatment of cells with taxol prevented microtubule depolymerization in response to either vinblastine or cryptophycin. While microtubule depolymerization in response to vinblastine was rapidly reversed by removal of the drug, cells treated with cryptophycin remained microtubule depleted for at least 24 h after removal of the compound. Combinational treatments with vinblastine and cryptophycin resulted in additive cytotoxicity. Ovarian carcinoma and breast carcinoma cells which are multiply drug resistant due to overexpression of P-glycoprotein are markedly less resistant to cryptophycin than they are to vinblastine, colchicine, and taxol. Therefore, cryptophycin is a new antimicrotubule compound which appears to be a poorer substrate for P-glycoprotein than are the Vinca alkaloids. This property may confer an advantage to cryptophycin in the chemotherapy of drug-resistant tumors.
A quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (2002)

It has been shown that a complex orthogonal design which provides full diversity and full transmission rate for a space-time block code is not possible for more than two antennas. Previous attempts have been concentrated in generalizing orthogonal designs which provide space-time block codes with full diversity and a high transmission rate. In this work, we design rate one codes which are quasi-orthogonal and provide partial diversity. The decoder of the proposed codes works with pairs of transmitted symbols instead of single symbols.
Review: Putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. VI. Protein pyrolysate products (1985)

Diet and nutrition may be responsible for 60% of the total cancer incidence for women and greater than 40% for men. Fat, animal protein, and meat consumption are highly correlated with colon cancer incidence. The charcoal broiling of meat and fish yield mutagenic substances. Many findings support the hypothesis that the predominant mutagens are formed by the Maillard reaction. A number of mutagenic compounds have been identified both from cooked foods and from protein pyrolysates. The identified compounds are N-heterocyclic primary amine derivatives of either carbolines, imidazoquinolines, or imidazoquinoxalines. The carboline-type mutagens are structurally related to the known carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and 2-aminofluorene (AF), while the imidazoquinoline and imidazoquinoxaline types are believed to resemble 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB). Studies support the theory that these compounds require metabolic activation and are carcinogenic. The major metabolites of several compounds have been identified as the N-hydroxy derivatives. DNA binding was found to be a necessary but not a sufficient condition for mutagenesis. The modified base products have been identified as C-8-guanyl derivatives, resembling adducts formed by the carcinogenic aromatic amines.
Visualization of High-Dimensional Combinatorial Catalysis Data (2009)

The role of various techniques for visualization of high-dimensional data is demonstrated in the context of combinatorial high-throughput experimentation (HTE). Applying visualization tools, we identify which constituents of catalysts are associated with final products in a huge combinatorially generated data set of heterogeneous catalysts, and catalytic activity regions are identified with respect to pentanary composition spreads of catalysts. A radial visualization scheme directly visualizes pentanary composition spreads in two-dimensional (2D) space and catalytic activity of a final product by combining high-throughput results from five slate libraries. A glyph plot provides many possibilities for visualizing high-dimensional data with interactive tools. For catalyst discovery and lead optimization, this work demonstrates how large multidimensional catalysis data sets are visualized in terms of quantitative composition activity relationships (QCAR) to effectively identify the relevant key role of compositions (i.e., lead compositions) of catalysts.
Three-dimensional imaging with a nuclear magnetic resonance force microscope (1996)

A magnetic resonance force microscope was used to demonstrate three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. The sample was mounted on a silicon nitride cantilever that served as a micromechanical force sensor. A nearby magnetic tip generated a field gradient of 22 G/μm. A three-dimensional magnetic resonance force map of the 1H spins in the sample was produced by lateral scanning of the magnetic tip relative to the sample and by varying the rf frequency of the spin excitation. The real-space spin density of the sample was reconstructed from the force map by means of a deconvolution technique. The spatial resolution achieved in the experiment was ∼3 μm in the axial direction.
High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in SolidsW. E. MoernerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0340, La Jolla, California 92093-0340 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 12, 563–571Publication Date (Web):December 11, 1996Publication History Received2 July 1996Published online11 December 1996Published inissue 11 December 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ar950245uCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (252 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Absorption,Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Lasers,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a recombinant tumor necrosis factor-B1(Fv) fusion protein on LeY antigen-expressing human cancer cells. (1996)

We have constructed a fusion protein composed of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) fused at its COOH terminus to the scFv region of monoclonal antibody (mAb) B1, an antibody that recognizes LeY antigen present on many human cancer cells. Our rationale for fusing the scFv to the COOH terminus of TNF was to diminish the binding of the fusion protein to TNF receptors because the COOH terminus of TNF is involved in binding, and thus to partially inactivate (detoxify) the molecule. The Fv region should then target and accumulate the fusion protein on cancer cells, which should compensate for the reduced binding affinity of the TNF moiety and lead to selective killing of TNF-sensitive antigen-expressing cancer cells. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and found in insoluble inclusion bodies. After refolding and purification by anion exchange, Ni-NTA affinity, and size-exclusion chromatography, we obtained monomeric TNF-B1(Fv). This molecule binds to LeY antigen on cancer cells with the same affinity as B1(scFv) and B1(scFv) immunotoxins but with significantly lower affinity to the TNF receptor compared to the TNF trimer. TNF-B1(Fv) is very toxic to LeY antigen-expressing cancer cells that are sensitive to TNF (e.g., MCF-7 breast or CRL-1739 gastric cancer cells). This cytotoxicity is antibody targeted and TNF mediated because it can be prevented (as shown on MCF-7 cells) by an antibody competing for LeY antigen binding and by an antibody that neutralizes TNF-alpha. TNF-B1(Fv) kills TNF-alpha-sensitive cells that do not express the target antigen only at much higher doses than TNF trimer, and it does not kill LeY-bearing but TNF-alpha-resistant cells. TNF-B1(Fv) can cause significant tumor regression of MCF-7 tumor xenografts in mice at doses that are not toxic to the mice. Thus, the reduced binding of the TNF moiety to TNF receptors, combined with binding of the B1(Fv) portion to LeY antigen, makes TNF-B1(Fv) an agent for selective killing of LeY-expressing TNF-sensitive cancer cells.
Olanzapine Compared With Chlorpromazine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (1998)

Olanzapine and chlorpromazine showed similar efficacy, and the total amount of improvement with either drug was modest. Olanzapine-treated patients had fewer side effects than chlorpromazine-treated patients.
The Urea−Hydrogen Peroxide Complex:  Solid-State Oxidative Protocols for Hydroxylated Aldehydes and Ketones (Dakin Reaction), Nitriles, Sulfides, and Nitrogen Heterocycles (1999)

An efficient solid-state oxidation of organic molecules is described using a stable, inexpensive, and easily handled reagent, the urea−hydrogen peroxide adduct. The generality of the reaction has been demonstrated in oxidation of several molecules, namely hydroxylated aldehydes and ketones (to hydroxylated phenols), sulfides (to sulfoxides and sulfones), nitriles (to amides), and nitrogen heterocycles (to N-oxides).
Total synthesis of didemnins A, B, and C (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of didemnins A, B, and CKenneth L. Rinehart, Vimal Kishore, Srinivasan Nagarajan, Robin J. Lake, James B. Gloer, Frank A. Bozich, Kai Ming Li, Robert E. Maleczka Jr., William L. Todsen, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 22, 6846–6848Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00256a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00256a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views680Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression and chromosomal localization of a lymphocyte K+ channel gene. (1990)

We recently isolated a family of three closely related mouse K+ channel genes (MK1, MK2, and MK3) with coding regions contained in single uninterrupted exons. Here we have used patch-clamp recordings from Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA to show that MK3 encodes a channel with biophysical and pharmacological properties indistinguishable from those of voltage-gated type n K+ channels in T cells. In addition, we used the polymerase chain reaction to demonstrate the presence of MK3 mRNA in T cells. These data suggest that MK3 may encode the T-cell voltage-gated type n K+ channel. We also show that MK3 and MK2 are localized on human chromosomes 13 and 12, respectively.
Weight Loss as a Predictor of Survival and Disease Progression in HIV Infection (1998)

Severe weight loss in HIV is associated with decreased length of survival. It is unclear whether mild weight loss is associated with an increased risk of death or opportunistic complications of HIV. Participants in four interventional studies (n = 2382) conducted by a community-based clinical trials network were evaluated for percentage change in weight during their first 4 months in the study. Proportional hazards models were performed for the occurrence of opportunistic complications and death subsequent to the 4-month visit. The relative risk of death and opportunistic complications for those with 5% to 10% weight loss over 4 months was 2.22 (p < .001) and 1.89 (p < .001), respectively, and 1.26 (p < .01) and 1.19 (p < .01) among those who lost 0% to 5% of their body weight, respectively, when compared with those with no weight loss. Among those who lost 5% to 10% of their body weight, the relative risk of individual opportunistic complications increased significantly, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) (1.61; p < .01), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (2.33; p < .001), and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (1.81; p < .01). As little as 5%t weight loss over a 4-month period is associated with increased risk of death and opportunistic complications in HIV. A weight loss of 5% to 10% is also associated with an increased risk of individual opportunistic complications.
Combined intra- and extracellular immunization against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection with a human anti-gp120 antibody. (1994)

In this study, a human CD4+ T lymphocyte line was transduced to secrete Fab fragments of a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody F105 that reacts with the CD4-binding site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein. In the transduced cells infected with HIV-1, the nascent Fab fragments bind intracellularly to the HIV-1 envelope protein and inhibit HIV-1 production. The secreted Fab fragments are able to neutralize cell-free HIV-1. In addition, the nascent Fab fragments can inhibit HIV-1 production by binding intracellularly to envelope mutants that escape neutralization by extracellular F105 antibody. The combined intra- and extracellular binding activities of the expressed Fab fragments result in the efficient blocking of cytopathic syncytium formation and infectious virus production. Thus, these antibody-producing T lymphocytes are not only resistant to HIV-1 infection but also can protect surrounding lymphocytes by secreting neutralizing antibodies. This novel strategy of combining intracellular and extracellular immunization may be useful for gene therapy of AIDS and other diseases.
Effect of Etanercept Plus Lamivudine in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Viral Hepatitis B (2008)

From the *Rheumatology Unit, †Immunology and Allergology Laboratory Unit, Nuovo Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, ASL 10, Florence, Italy; and ‡Infectious diseases Unit, S. Maria Annunziata Hospital, ASL 10, Florence, Italy. Reprints: Maurizio Benucci, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio, ASL 10, Florence, via di Torregalli 3, Florence, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected].
A Physiological Mechanism for Hebb's Postulate of Learning (1973)

Hebb's postulate of learning envisages that activation or inactivation of extant synaptic contacts in plastic neural networks depends on the synchronous impulse activity of pre- and postsynaptic nerve cells. The physiological mechanism proposed here for this process posits that at synapses acting according to Hebb's postulate, the receptors for the neurotransmitter are eliminated from the postsynaptic membrane by the transient reversals of the sign of membrane polarization that occur during action potential impulses in the postsynaptic cell. But, since the release of neurotransmitter drives the membrane potential of the synaptic zone towards a level about half-way between the negative-inside resting potential and the positive-inside action potential, it would follow that the membrane patches surrounding the receptors of a synapse whose activity has contributed to setting off the postsynaptic impulse would be spared the full extent of the noxious polarity reversal. This mechanism can account for a neurophysiologically documented example of the operation of Hebb's postulate, namely the plasticity of the connections between fourth- and fifth-order neurons in the visual cortex of cats.
Linearity and efficiency improvement using envelope tracking power amplifier (2016)

This paper presents linearity improvement of power amplifiers (PAs) with envelope tracking (ET) modulators. ET modulators vary the supply voltage of RF power amplifiers to optimize the efficiency, but potentially degrade the linearity of the system. However, ET has shown to improve both efficiency and linearity under certain conditions. This work presents an analytical study of the PA linearity with supply voltage modulation. The theoretical considerations are supported by performance measurements using an ET hardware implementation.
Conversion of covalently mercurated nucleic acids to tritiated and halogenated derivatives (1975)

Mercurated nucleic acids are converted to the corresponding tritiated, brominated, and iodinated derivatives by treatment with sodium borotritiide, N-bromosuccinimide, and elemental iodine, respectively. All three reactions occur under mild conditions in neutral aqueous solutions. Mercury-halogen conversions are essentially quantitative at both the mono- and polynucleotide levels. Tritiation reactions also proceed efficiently with mononucleotides, although polymers undergo incomplete demercuration. In spite of the latter limitation , these reactions provide novel and efficient synthetic routes to radiolabeled nucleic acid derivatives.
Cancer Immunotherapy, Part 2: Efficacy, Safety, and Other Clinical Considerations. (2017)

This article, the second in a series of three, provides an overview of the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapies ranging from monoclonal antibodies to vaccines, including additional clinical considerations regarding immune checkpoint blockers.
DTPA-bisamide-Based MR Sensor Agents for Peroxidase Imaging (2005)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis and some properties of two novel DTPA-bisamides are reported. These derivatives were designed as enzyme-activated contrast agents (CA) for magnetic resonance imaging. Both derivatives bear tyramido or 5-hydroxytryptamido groups that could be oligomerized in situ in the presence of peroxidase/H(2)O(2) pair resulting in a net increase in longitudinal (R1) relaxivity.
The use of selective adsorbents in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for analyte preconcentration and microreactions: A powerful three-dimensional tool for multiple chemical and biological applications (2001)

Much attention has recently been directed to the development and application of online sample preconcentration and microreactions in capillary electrophoresis using selective adsorbents based on chemical or biological specificity. The basic principle involves two interacting chemical or biological systems with high selectivity and affinity for each other. These molecular interactions in nature usually involve noncovalent and reversible chemical processes. Properly bound to a solid support, an "affinity ligand" can selectively adsorb a "target analyte" found in a simple or complex mixture at a wide range of concentrations. As a result, the isolated analyte is enriched and highly purified. When this affinity technique, allowing noncovalent chemical interactions and biochemical reactions to occur, is coupled on-line to high-resolution capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, a powerful tool of chemical and biological information is created. This paper describes the concept of biological recognition and affinity interaction on-line with high-resolution separation, the fabrication of an "analyte concentrator-microreactor", optimization conditions of adsorption and desorption, the coupling to mass spectrometry, and various applications of clinical and pharmaceutical interest.
The gradient tensor of potential field anomalies; some implications on data collection and data processing of maps (1990)

Abstract The full gradient tensor is presently not measured routinely onboard airplanes or on land. This paper describes some improvements that can be made in strategies of data collection and in processing of potential field maps if such tensor measurements were available. We suggest that, in addition to producing for example standard total field anomaly maps, the invariants of the tensor be mapped. Strikes of magnetic or gravimetric structures may be determined from minimizing the power in the first row and column of the tensor. Invariants can be looked upon as nonlinear filters enhancing sources with big volumes. Their lateral resolution is superior to that of the field proper and, for a given resolution, the flight altitude and separation between flight lines can be increased compared with the standard mode of operation. In airborne surveys the distance between flight lines is normally much larger than the height above the ground. This may introduce severe aliasing effects in the direction perpendicular to the flight lines. By increasing the flight altitude, aliasing effects are reduced at the expense of lateral resolution which, however, may be improved by mapping the tensor invariants in addition to the magnetic field. The estimated gradient tensor from total field magnetic data over the Siljan impact region shows that the magnetic properties of the area are very nonuniform even from a height of 430 m above the topography. The nonlinear filters discriminate major anomalies into separate units.
Structural and Functional Cross-Talk between a Distant Enhancer and the ɛ-Globin Gene Promoter Shows Interdependence of the Two Elements in Chromatin (1999)

We investigated the requirements for enhancer-promoter communication by using the human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 (HS2) enhancer and the epsilon-globin gene in chromatinized minichromosomes in erythroid cells. Activation of globin genes during development is accompanied by localized alterations of chromatin structure, and CACCC binding factors and GATA-1, which interact with both globin promoters and the LCR, are believed to be critical for globin gene transcription activation. We found that an HS2 element mutated in its GATA motif failed to remodel the epsilon-globin promoter or activate transcription yet HS2 nuclease accessibility did not change. Accessibility and transcription were reduced at promoters with mutated GATA-1 or CACCC sites. Strikingly, these mutations also resulted in reduced accessibility at HS2. In the absence of a globin gene, HS2 is similarly resistant to nuclease digestion. In contrast to observations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, HS2-dependent promoter remodeling was diminished when we mutated the TATA box, crippling transcription. This mutation also reduced HS2 accessibility. The results indicate that the epsilon-globin promoter and HS2 interact both structurally and functionally and that both upstream activators and the basal transcription apparatus contribute to the interaction. Further, at least in this instance, transcription activation and promoter remodeling by a distant enhancer are not separable.