gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Opsonophagocytosis for Serological Evaluation of Pneumococcal Vaccines (2006)

Since 2000, when a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar) was introduced, pneumococcal infections in the United States among children have been dramatically reduced. The conjugate vaccine elicits antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, and these antibodies protect the host by
Cell locomotion and focal adhesions are regulated by substrate flexibility (1997)

Responses of cells to mechanical properties of the adhesion substrate were examined by culturing normal rat kidney epithelial and 3T3 fibroblastic cells on a collagen-coated polyacrylamide substrate that allows the flexibility to be varied while maintaining a constant chemical environment. Compared with cells on rigid substrates, those on flexible substrates showed reduced spreading and increased rates of motility or lamellipodial activity. Microinjection of fluorescent vinculin indicated that focal adhesions on flexible substrates were irregularly shaped and highly dynamic whereas those on firm substrates had a normal morphology and were much more stable. Cells on flexible substrates also contained a reduced amount of phosphotyrosine at adhesion sites. Treatment of these cells with phenylarsine oxide, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, induced the formation of normal, stable focal adhesions similar to those on firm substrates. Conversely, treatment of cells on firm substrates with myosin inhibitors 2,3-butanedione monoxime or KT5926 caused the reduction of both vinculin and phosphotyrosine at adhesion sites. These results demonstrate the ability of cells to survey the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment and suggest the possible involvement of both protein tyrosine phosphorylation and myosin-generated cortical forces in this process. Such response to physical parameters likely represents an important mechanism of cellular interaction with the surrounding environment within a complex organism.
Clearance of Neutrophil-derived Myeloperoxidase by the Macrophage Mannose Receptor (1990)

Uptake of neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase by the macrophage mannose receptor was studied. Rat bone marrow-derived macrophages internalized 75% of [125I]myeloperoxidase through a mannose-specific process. Uptake via the mannose receptor is highly sensitive to treatment with oxidants. Treatment of rat macrophages with 1 mM H2O2 for 30 min resulted in a 94% reduction in uptake of myeloperoxidase. By Percoll gradient fractionation studies, 38% of internalized myeloperoxidase was delivered to the lysosomal compartment during a 15-min chase period, similar to findings for delivery of other ligands for this receptor. Once in the lysosome, the myeloperoxidase remained enzymatically active for several hours, with 50% activity remaining at 8 h. Finally, myeloperoxidase-containing macrophages had an increased capacity to down-regulate their own mannose receptors or receptors on neighboring macrophages, possibly through the myeloperoxidase-mediated production of oxidized halogens. Thus, the macrophage mannose receptor plays a potentially physiologic role in regulating extracellular myeloperoxidase levels. The receptor-mediated uptake may either arm the macrophage to contribute to oxidant-mediated tissue damage or may function to clear extracellular myeloperoxidase during the resolution phase of the inflammatory process.
Immunogenicity of Constrained Monoclonal Antibody A32-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Env gp120 Complexes Compared to That of Recombinant HIV Type 1 gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins (2004)

One strategy for the generation of broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (NA) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates is to use immunogens that have constrained HIV-1 envelope gp120 conformations reflective of triggered envelope on the surface of virions. A major change in gp120 following binding to CD4 is the enhanced exposure of the CCR5 binding site. One inducer of CCR5 binding site epitopes on gp120 is the human anti-gp120 monoclonal antibody, A32. We have made cross-linked A32-rgp120(89.6) and A32-rgp120(BaL) complexes and have compared their immunogenicities to those of uncomplexed recombinant gp120(BaL) (rgp120(BaL)) and rgp120(89.6). A32-rgp120(89.6) and A32-rgp120(BaL) complexes had stable induced CCR5 binding site expression compared to that of uncomplexed rgp120s. However, the A32-rgp120 complexes had similar capacities in guinea pigs for induction of NA against HIV-1 primary isolates versus that of rgp120 alone. A32-rgp120(89.6) induced antibodies that neutralized 6 out of 11 HIV-1 isolates, while rgp120(89.6) alone induced antibodies that neutralized 4 out of 11 HIV-1 isolates. A32-rgp120(BaL) complexes induced antibodies that neutralized 4 out of 14 HIV-1 isolates while, surprisingly, non-cross-linked rgp120(BaL) induced antibodies that neutralized 9 out of 14 (64%) HIV-1 isolates. Thus, stable enhanced expression of the coreceptor binding site on constrained gp120 is not sufficient for inducing broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 NA. Moreover, the ability of HIV-1 rgp120(BaL) to induce antibodies that neutralized approximately 60% of subtype B HIV-1 isolates warrants consideration of using HIV-1 BaL as a starting point for immunogen design for subtype B HIV-1 experimental immunogens.
New findings and old controversies in the research of multiple sclerosis and its model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2013)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that is heterogeneous in its clinical manifestation and progression, as well as in its pathological mechanisms. Animal models, in particular the various forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, have been highly valuable for studying both disease pathology and drug development. Novel technologies, such as advanced imaging systems, as well as systematic research of CNS biopsies and postmortem samples from MS patients, have brought major progress in disease understanding. Consequently, in addition to the sclerotic demyelinated plaques in the white matter, changes in normal-appearing white matter tissue ('pre-plaque') and gray matter pathology are currently regarded as central disease components. This review aims to provide current insights on several central aspects in MS research. In particular, the interplay between inflammation and neurodegeneration mediating the disease, and therapeutic strategies attempting to induce immunomodulation and neuroprotective repair processes, are discussed.
Resource adaptive netcentric systems on active network: a self-organizing video stream that auto morphs itself while in transit via a quasi-active network (2003)

We discuss the issues that a network adaptive application faces on current network infrastructure and the role a programmable network such as the active network can play in facilitating them. We present a novel cognizant video transcoding system, which is capable of negotiating local network state based rate and let the video propagate over an extreme network with highly asymmetric link and node capacities. For core operation of rate transformation it utilizes knowledge at three levels - about the network, about the content protocol and about the content itself. As a platform the stream uses the computing power of a quasi-active network. As a result the passing video stream appears as a self-organizing stream, which automatically senses the network asymmetry and adapts itself as the packets diffuse via the active subnet. We discuss the issues of network adaptation with the exposition of this novel diffusion computing over a quasi-active network.
ASSESSMENT IN THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM AND MOUSE VAS DEFERENS OF BENZOMORPHANS WHICH HAVE STRONG ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY BUT DO NOT SUBSTITUTE FOR MORPHINE IN THE DEPENDENT MONKEY (1975)

Four benzomorphans which have potent antinociceptive activity in the hot‐plate and writhing tests in the mouse but do not suppress or precipitate withdrawal symptoms in the morphine‐dependent monkey, have been examined for their pharmacological actions in the guinea‐pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. In the guinea‐pig ileum their agonist potencies are 1.5 to 400 times greater than that of normorphine or morphine whereas in the mouse vas deferens their potencies relative to morphine are 0.3 to 100. They exhibit no antagonist activity in either preparation. Benzomorphans which substitute for morphine in the morphine‐dependent monkey do not show such differences between their relative potencies in the guinea‐pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. The relative potencies of the four benzomorphans to inhibit stereospecific [ 3 H]‐dihydromorphine binding by membrane fragments from rat brain, are more closely related to their relative agonist potencies in the mouse vas deferens than to those found in the guinea‐pig ileum. In order to antagonize the agonist actions of these benzomorphans, naloxone is required in concentrations which are 3 to 7 times higher than those needed for the antagonism of normorphine or morphine or of benzomorphans which suppress abstinence in morphine‐dependent monkeys. It may be possible to use the three assays, namely, ratio of relative agonist potency in mouse vas deferens to that in guinea‐pig ileum, ratio of relative agonist potency to relative affinity to opiate receptors and the concentration of naloxone required for antagonism, for the prediction of the potential of new compounds to produce physical dependence.
Human Bone Marrow as a Source of Multifunctional CMV-Specific CD4+ T Cells for Adoptive Cell Therapy. (2007)

Abstract Introduction Adoptive cell transfer of ex vivo primed and expanded human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has emerged as a promising approach to treat both infectious and malignant diseases in humans. First clinical studies have shown that transfer of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cells is safe and effective in reconstitution of cellular immunity against CMV disease. Efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy is limited by the numbers of CTLs in vitro and the survival and function after infusion. CD4+ T cells may enhance activity via direct or indirect effector functions (Matloubian 1994 [1]). In this study we have analysed whether bone marrow is superior to peripheral blood for expansion of CMV-specific T cells. Experimental design Paired peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were obtained from patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. By using two different protocols T cells were expanded in the presence of IL-2 and IL-7 either from bulk culture with exposure of two different peptide pools (IE1 and pp65) or after selection via IFN-γ secretion by stimulation with pp65. CMV specific immune responses were assessed by using multiparameter flow cytometry staining cells for CD3, CD4, CD8, CCR7 and CD45RA and for the cytokines IFN-γ IL-2 and TNF at day 0 and after 10 days of in vitro expansion. Results Similar frequencies of cytokine-producing pp65– and IE1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found in unmanipulated paired PB and BM samples. Expansion of CMV-specific T cells from BM resulted in significantly higher frequencies of specific CD4+ T cells than from PB, whereas no difference in frequencies of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells was observed. Interestingly, significantly higher frequencies of BM pp65 and IE1-specific CD4+ T cells were multifunctional, characterized by producing simultaneously IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2 (IE1: BM mean 0.44% ± 0.16; PB mean 0.09% ± 0.05, p=0.031; pp65: BM mean 3.87% ± 2.46; PB mean 1.24% ± 0.90, p=0.031). Expansion of multi-functional CD4+ T cells from BM was observed with both the bulk and selection assay protocol. Both PB and BM CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lines had a predominant CD45RA-CCR7- effector memory phenotype. Conclusions This study implicates the use of human bone marrow as a source for expansion of multifunctional CMV-specific CD4+ T cells. Recent studies in HIV and Leishmania support the crucial role of multifunctional T cells in disease control (Darrah 2007 [2]).
Incremental Evaluation of Sliding-Window Queries over Data Streams (2007)

Two research efforts have been conducted to realize sliding-window queries in data stream management systems, namely, query reevaluation and incremental evaluation. In the query reevaluation method, two consecutive windows are processed independently of each other. On the other hand, in the incremental evaluation method, the query answer for a window is obtained incrementally from the answer of the preceding window. In this paper, we focus on the incremental evaluation method. Two approaches have been adopted for the incremental evaluation of sliding-window queries, namely, the input-triggered approach and the negative tuples approach. In the input-triggered approach, only the newly inserted tuples flow in the query pipeline and tuple expiration is based on the timestamps of the newly inserted tuples. On the other hand, in the negative tuples approach, tuple expiration is separated from tuple insertion where a tuple flows in the pipeline for every inserted or expired tuple. The negative tuples approach avoids the unpredictable output delays that result from the input-triggered approach. However, negative tuples double the number of tuples through the query pipeline, thus reducing the pipeline bandwidth. Based on a detailed study of the incremental evaluation pipeline, we classify the incremental query operators into two classes according to whether an operator can avoid the processing of negative tuples or not. Based on this classification, we present several optimization techniques over the negative tuples approach that aim to reduce the overhead of processing negative tuples while avoiding the output delay of the query answer. A detailed experimental study, based on a prototype system implementation, shows the performance gains over the input-triggered approach of the negative tuples approach when accompanied with the proposed optimizations.
Differential patterns of response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following administration of an anti-CD 5 immunoconjugate. (1993)

As part of the clinical investigation of a new biologic agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) various outcome measures were utilized to evaluate clinical activity in two multicenter open label protocols. These measures included the single criteria of joint tenderness and swelling counts and scores and composite criteria based on the Paulus analysis of four placebo-controlled CSSRD studies of second line agents in RA. Findings suggest a difference in the pattern of response between early and long-standing RA. Changes in both the swollen and tender joint counts should be utilized, especially in a population with sustained disease.
Synthesis and characterization of polyfunctional naphthoxazines and related polymers (1996)

In pursuing the new polymers that could provide high mechanical properties and good thermal stabilities, a series of naphthoxazines are synthesized from different hydroxynaphthalenes with aniline and formaldehyde. The molecular structures are confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. After being polymerized in an autoclave, the naphthoxazine derived from 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene is successfully cured to form the void-free resin. The density and tensile properties of these polynaphthoxazines are measured. Dynamic mechanical tests are performed to determine the Tg, crosslink density, and the activation enthalpy of the glass transition process for the polynaphthoxazines postcured in air at different temperatures. The effect of postcure temperature on the Tgs of the polynaphthzoxazines is investigated and discussed in terms of crosslink density. The polynaphthoxazine shows a Tg higher than the cure temperature. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy is applied for the molecular characterization of the curing systems. Thermal properties of these polynaphthzoxazines are studied in terms of the weight loss after isothermal aging in static air, the decomposition temperature from thermogravimetric analysis, and the change of dynamic storage moduli at high temperatures. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
EXOS research on master controllers for robotic devices (1992)

Two projects are currently being conducted by EXOS under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program with NASA. One project will develop a force feedback device for controlling robot hands, the other will develop an elbow and shoulder exoskeleton which can be integrated with other EXOS devices to provide whole robot arm and hand control. Aspects covered are the project objectives, important research issues which have arisen during the developments, and interim results of the projects. The Phase 1 projects currently underway will result in hardware prototypes and identification of research issues required for complete system development and/or integration.
Streptokinase for acute ischemic stroke with relationship to time of administration: Australian Streptokinase (ASK) Trial Study Group (1996)

The administration of streptokinase within 4 hours of acute ischemic stroke increased morbidity and mortality at 3 months. While treatment within 3 hours of stroke was safer and associated with significantly better outcomes than later treatment, it showed no significant benefit over placebo. The timing of thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke is critical.
Longitudinal spatial inhomogeneities in high-power semiconductor lasers (1995)

We study the spatial distribution of the temperature, gain, and carrier density along the longitudinal direction of a semiconductor laser cavity. In high-power laser diodes, the use of asymmetrical facet reflectivities creates a spatially nonuniform photon intensity profile and results in inhomogeneous temperature and carrier distributions along the active stripe. These profiles are determined from direct measurements of blackbody radiation and the spontaneous emission from the laser cavity. The temperature of the active stripe is observed to be significantly higher than that of the heat sink during lasing, and the effect of temperature on the modal gain spectrum is analyzed. We demonstrate that the local carrier density and optical gain within a laser are not pinned beyond threshold. A spatially inhomogeneous gain profile is possible in laser cavities as long as the threshold condition that the averaged round-trip gain equals the total losses is maintained. A theoretical model is presented which explains the observed experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formulating Three-Dimensional Contact Dynamics Problems (1996)

ABSTRACT Complementarity formulations are a promising approach for solving dynamic multi-rigid-body contact problems. Two aspects of simulating contact in a complementarity setting are addressed here. First, an explicit formulation of the differential equations governing contact points for bodies of general surface geometry is developed. These equations may be used to integrate the contact position and to set up the basic dynamics equations. Second, an efficient method for handling frictionless planar contacts of arbitrary boundary shape is presented. Throughout, the problem is set up as explicitly as possible, with special attention being given to the way that the contact geometry is related to the dynamics.
Influence of prestorage leukoreduction and subsequent irradiation on in vitro red blood cell (RBC) storage variables of RBCs in additive solution saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (2008)

This study reflects the current FDA and European recommendations on timing of irradiation and subsequent storage. Our findings together with recent results of other investigations on the effect of gamma irradiation on leukoreduced RBCs allow the proposal that a storage time up to 28 days after irradiation is allowable.
The Dynamics of Strategy (1999)

In seeking to build and sustain competitive advantage, managers need to develop strategies which take account of likely future changes – and which will themselves change in line with circumstances. This article starts by outlining problems with a non‐dynamic approach to formulating strategy and then lays out the initial frameworks of a fact‐based method that can help managers understand and take control of the time‐path of their firm’s performance.
Classic and contemporary approaches to modeling biochemical reactions (2010)

Recent interest in modeling biochemical networks raises questions about the relationship between often complex mathematical models and familiar arithmetic concepts from classical enzymology, and also about connections between modeling and experimental data. This review addresses both topics by familiarizing readers with key concepts (and terminology) in the construction, validation, and application of deterministic biochemical models, with particular emphasis on a simple enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Networks of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are the natural language for describing enzyme kinetics in a mass action approximation. We illustrate this point by showing how the familiar Briggs-Haldane formulation of Michaelis-Menten kinetics derives from the outer (or quasi-steady-state) solution of a dynamical system of ODEs describing a simple reaction under special conditions. We discuss how parameters in the Michaelis-Menten approximation and in the underlying ODE network can be estimated from experimental data, with a special emphasis on the origins of uncertainty. Finally, we extrapolate from a simple reaction to complex models of multiprotein biochemical networks. The concepts described in this review, hitherto of interest primarily to practitioners, are likely to become important for a much broader community of cellular and molecular biologists attempting to understand the promise and challenges of "systems biology" as applied to biochemical mechanisms.
Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine with in situ regeneration of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose and uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-catalyzed synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine with in situ regeneration of uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose and uridine 5'-diphosphate galactoseChi Huey Wong, Sharon L. Haynie, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 27, 5416–5418Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00148a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00148a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts