gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emulsion-templated porous polymers as scaffolds for three dimensional cell culture: effect of synthesis parameters on scaffold formation and homogeneity (2007)

Emulsion-templated porous polymers (PolyHIPEs) based on polystyrene have been prepared and used for in vitro 3D cell culture of osteoblastic cells. It has been found that the method employed to prepare the emulsion precursor, namely the method of aqueous phase addition, has a significant influence on the homogeneity of the morphology of the material produced as well as the reproducibility of preparation. Addition of the aqueous phase in a controlled manner by means of a syringe pump produced a narrower void size distribution range than addition from a dropping funnel, and the emulsions were obtained in a reproducible manner. Analysis of the morphology of the materials revealed consistency of average void and interconnect diameter, within certain limits. The materials produced were subsequently sectioned into thin membranes which were then mounted to the base of commercially available tissue culture plastic well inserts. Cell culture experiments using MG63 osteoblast-like cells indicated that the materials were capable of supporting cell growth for periods of up to 35 days, producing complex arrangements of cells interacting with one another and the scaffold. The functionality of cells grown on these materials, as indicated by viability assays and the production of biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), was found to be enhanced compared to cells grown on 2D substrates. We conclude that the 3D environment produced by these porous materials is more conducive to cell growth in vitro than existing 2D culture plastic.
Development of a Zika vaccine (2016)

Currently, there is no approved vaccine against the Zika virus (ZIKV). However, several organizations are actively developing vaccines using various platforms and technologies. While many of these ...
KERNEL-BASED DATA FUSION AND ITS APPLICATION TO PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION IN YEAST (2003)

Kernel methods provide a principled framework in which to represent many types of data, including vectors, strings, trees and graphs. As such, these methods are useful for drawing inferences about biological phenomena. We describe a method for combining multiple kernel representations in an optimal fashion, by formulating the problem as a convex optimization problem that can be solved using semidefinite programming techniques. The method is applied to the problem of predicting yeast protein functional classifications using a support vector machine (SVM) trained on five types of data. For this problem, the new method performs better than a previously-described Markov random field method, and better than the SVM trained on any single type of data.
Phase modification by instantaneous heat treatment of Sb2S3 films and their potential for photothermal optical recording (1996)

The Sb2S3 films subjected to instantaneous heat treatment at various temperatures in air for a short duration of a few seconds show a systematic phase modification from an amorphous to a crystalline state. Structural and morphological analyses show an amorphous to crystalline transformation around 162 °C consistent with the DTA result. The compositional analysis (ESCA) shows an increasing loss of sulphur content in the film as the function of treatment temperatures. The optical properties reveal the changing optical constants and energy gap of the film with the treatment temperatures. The observed degree of optical contrast with heat-treatment temperatures indicates the possibility of photo-thermal optical storage in these films. The results of the real-time photo-thermal optical recording in these films compare well with those of the heat-treatment experiment. The homogeneity of the film over a large area, the stability of the modified phase, use of low laser power for recording, and the formation of a clean boundary of the recorded area, etc., indicate a possible use of Sb2S3 films for write-once-read-many times kind of optical storage applications.
A Human Monoclonal IgG That Binds Aβ Assemblies and Diverse Amyloids Exhibits Anti-Amyloid ActivitiesIn VitroandIn Vivo (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) are degenerative neurological diseases characterized by amyloid pathology. Normal human sera contain IgG antibodies that specifically bind diverse preamyloid and amyloid proteins and have shown therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. We cloned one of these antibodies, 3H3, from memory B cells of a healthy individual using a hybridoma method. 3H3 is an affinity-matured IgG that binds a pan-amyloid epitope, recognizing both Aβ and λ Ig light chain (LC) amyloids, which are associated with AD and primary amyloidosis, respectively. The pan-amyloid-binding properties of 3H3 were demonstrated using ELISA, immunohistochemical studies, and competition binding assays. Functional studies showed that 3H3 inhibits both Aβ and LC amyloid formation in vitro and abrogates disruption of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by AD-patient-derived soluble Aβ in vivo. A 3H3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) retained the binding specificity of the 3H3 IgG and, when expressed in the brains of transgenic mice using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector, decreased parenchymal Aβ amyloid deposition in TgCRND8 mice and ADan (Danish Amyloid) cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the mouse model of FDD. These data indicate that naturally occurring human IgGs can recognize a conformational, amyloid-specific epitope and have potent anti-amyloid activities, providing a rationale to test their potential as antibody therapeutics for diverse neurological and other amyloid diseases.
Flibanserin has anxiolytic effects without locomotor side effects in the infant rat ultrasonic vocalization model of anxiety (2000)

This study compared the effects of flibanserin, a novel 5-HT(1A) agonist/5-HT(2A) antagonist; diazepam, a traditional anxiolytic; and imipramine, a traditional antidepressant, on separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), locomotor behaviour, negative geotaxis and body temperature of 7 - 8-day-old rat pups. Flibanserin (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg kg(-1) s.c.) reduced USVs but had no effects on locomotor behaviour or negative geotaxis. Lower doses of flibanserin (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg kg(-1) s.c.) had no effect on any behaviour. Diazepam (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg kg(-1) s.c.) not only reduced the USVs but also increased rolling and increased the latency of the negative geotaxic response. Imipramine (10, 15, 20 and 30 mg kg(-1) s.c.) reduced USVs, increased total locomotor activity and rolling but had no effect on negative geotaxis. None of the drugs altered body temperature. Our data showed that flibanserin is as effective in reducing the USVs as diazepam and imipramine but has a lower incidence of motor side effects. This suggests that flibanserin might be effective for the treatment of mood disturbances such as anxiety.
Outer membrane complex proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae (1993)

The protein composition of the outer membrane complex (OMC) of Chlamydia pneumoniae strain AR-39 was analyzed by metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine. Cysteine-rich proteins with molecular masses of 98, 60 doublet, 39.5 (MOMP) and 15.5 kDa were found in the OMC of C. pneumoniae. The cysteine-rich proteins of the OMCs of the threee Chlamydia species showed specific reaction patterns by immunoassay and autoradiography to rabbit or turkey immune sera. Recognition of the MOMP and 60-kDa proteins of the three species was cross-reactive. However, the C. pneumoniae 98-kDa protein was recognized by anti-C. pneumoniae (AR-39) and anti-C. psittaci (TT3) immune sera. None of the immunee sera recognized the 12-kDa cysteine-rich complex.
Enhanced Immunogenicity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Vaccination with an Alphavirus Plasmid Replicon Expressing Antigen 85A (2002)

ABSTRACT The immunogenicity of a plasmid DNA vaccine incorporating Sindbis virus RNA replicase functions (pSINCP) and expressing antigen 85A (Ag85A) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was compared with a conventional plasmid DNA vector encoding Ag85A. pSINCP-85A was highly immunogenic in mice and gave enhanced long-term protection against M. tuberculosis compared with the conventional vector.
New macrolide antibiotics: synthesis of a 14-membered azalide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew macrolide antibiotics: synthesis of a 14-membered azalideA. Brian JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 16, 4361–4367Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00042a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00042a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Preliminary report on the Yamato-86032 lunar meteorite: I. Recovery, sample descriptions, mineralogy and petrography (1989)

A preliminary consortium examination of the largest lunar meteorite (Y-86032) recovered from the Yamato Mountains revealed that it is a feldspathic breccia, but rather resembles feldspathic fragmental breccias than regolith breccias. Y-86032 is a rugged grayish stone penetrated by numerous compact clast-laden impact melt glassy veins. Distributions of pyroxene and plagioclase chemical compositions are similar to those of Y-82192 and Y-82193,and clast-laden glassy veins and granulitic breccias are abundant. A large light clast in the first consortium sample is another feldspathic fragmental breccia similar to that found in Y-82192.
Apelin Is a Crucial Factor for Hypoxia-Induced Retinal Angiogenesis (2010)

These results suggest that apelin is a prerequisite factor for hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis.
Biomass Conversion in Water at 330−410 °C and 30−50 MPa. Identification of Key Compounds for Indicating Different Chemical Reaction Pathways (2002)

The degradation of biomass is studied in the ranges of 330−410 °C and 30−50 MPa and at 15 min of reaction time. To characterize the chemistry of biomass degradation, key compounds which are intermediates of the biomass degradation are identified and quantified. These key compounds are used to compare the results from earlier studies of model compounds such as, e.g., glucose or cellulose, with biomass degradation in order to identify chemical reaction pathways. Key compounds identified are phenols (phenol and cresols), furfurals, acids (acetic acid, formic acid, lactic acids, and levulinic acid), and aldehydes (acetic aldehyde and formic aldehyde). In addition, sum parameters such as the total organic carbon content and the composition of the formed gas phase are used to describe the biomass degradation. The results are compared with the hydrothermal upgrading process and with the well-known gas-phase gasification processes. The influence of the change of water properties from subcritical to supercritical conditions on the biomass degradation is also discussed. These comparisons show that most of the main reaction pathways detected by the key compounds can be understood by the studies of model compounds. On the other hand, biomass is much more complex because biomass contains a lot of different substances. Especially, the influence of salts is significant and, in addition, rather complex.
Mutation of the Stargardt Disease Gene ( ABCR ) in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1997)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe central visual impairment among the elderly and is associated both with environmental factors such as smoking and with genetic factors. Here, 167 unrelated AMD patients were screened for alterations in ABCR, a gene that encodes a retinal rod photoreceptor protein and is defective in Stargardt disease, a common hereditary form of macular dystrophy. Thirteen different AMD-associated alterations, both deletions and amino acid substitutions, were found in one allele of ABCR in 26 patients (16%). Identification of ABCR alterations will permit presymptomatic testing of high-risk individuals and may lead to earlier diagnosis of AMD and to new strategies for prevention and therapy.
Enzymatic deglycation with amadoriase enzymes from Aspergillus sp. as a potential strategy against the complications of diabetes and aging (2003)

The Amadori compound is the major single modification of the extracellular matrix by the Maillard reaction in vivo. It is also a source of biologically active glycoxidation products and the formation of glucosepane, the major protein cross-link found in biological tissues so far. For this reason, introduction of deglycating enzymes as anti-aging strategy would be desirable. This article provides an update on amadoriase enzymes from fungi which, one day, will hopefully help prevent the in vivo consequences of glycation.
CD8+ T Cells in Tuberculosis (2002)

This chapter focuses on CD8 T cells, with an emphasis on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Ia-restricted T cells in tuberculosis, and also touches upon the unconventional CD8 T cells restricted by β2m-associated nonclassical MHC Ib or MHC I-like molecules. Although the T cells which recognize mycobacterial glycolipids in the context of group I CD1 molecules are not only CD8+ but also double negative and sometimes even CD4+, they are considered in this chapter where appropriate. Importantly, dendritic cells (DC) can capture an antigen at the site of infection and transport it to draining lymph nodes, where T-cell stimulation takes place. The possible functions of CD8 T cells in the control of tuberculosis include cytokine production, macrophage activation, killing of infected cells, and killing of M. tuberculosis. The memory response to M. tuberculosis in the lungs is weak compared to that of some viral infections. A model that has been used to study memory responses is infection of mice followed by antimycobacterial drug treatment beginning 4 weeks after infection. In summary, CD8 T cells that recognize mycobacterial antigens on macrophages or DC are induced following M. tuberculosis. Given the potential for effective immune responses mediated by CD8 T cells, more researchers are using strategies that include the induction of CD8 T cells in vaccine candidates for tuberculosis. The results of these studies may provide important data on the ability of CD8 T cells to contribute to protection against this disease.
Plasminogen activator activities in short-term tissue cultures of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. (1995)

The high prevalence of prostatic carcinoma (PRCA) and the limited therapeutic possibilities provide a strong stimulus for exploring new approaches in experimental research that ultimately may lead to improved therapy. Indeed, methods for assessing carcinoma prognosis, such as clinical staging (clinical examination, ultrasound, and plasmatic levels of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen) and histopathological grading according to the Gleason score, usually fail to provide consistent predictive information regarding the clinical outcome of single tumors. Increased plasminogen activator (PA) activities have been associated with high-grade malignancies and with the potential for invasion/metastasis in many tumors. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is present in prostatic secretion, and an increased uPA activity has been noted in human prostatic cell lines with metastatic behavior. Unfortunately, any study of uPA production or gene regulation in primary tumors is complicated by the inherent mixture of host stromal cells, infiltrating macrophages, and subpopulations of tumor cells that may have variable metastatic capacity and ability to synthesize uPA. In short-term tissue culture of prostatic samples, it is possible to grow in vitro cancer prostatic epithelial cells and thus exclude the presence of contaminant cells. We have shown elsewhere that the levels of a type IV collagenase, 92-kDa matrix metalloproteinase, a protease involved in tumor progression and invasion, are increased in PRCA primary cell cultures if compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cell cultures (C. Festuccia et al., manuscript in preparation). Activation of matrix metalloproteinases also can be correlated with uPA expression; therefore we studied the expression of uPA in serum-free culture media of primary cultures of PRCA or BPH tissue samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recombinogenic Properties of Pyrococcus furiosus Strain COM1 Enable Rapid Selection of Targeted Mutants (2012)

We recently reported the isolation of a mutant of Pyrococcus furiosus, COM1, that is naturally and efficiently competent for DNA uptake. While we do not know the exact nature of this mutation, the combined transformation and recombination frequencies of this strain allow marker replacement by direct selection using linear DNA. In testing the limits of its recombination efficiency, we discovered that marker replacement was possible with as few as 40 nucleotides of flanking homology to the target region. We utilized this ability to design a strategy for selection of constructed deletions using PCR products with subsequent excision, or "pop-out," of the selected marker. We used this method to construct a "markerless" deletion of the trpAB locus in the GLW101 (COM1 ΔpyrF) background to generate a strain (JFW02) that is a tight tryptophan auxotroph, providing a genetic background with two auxotrophic markers for further strain construction. The utility of trpAB as a selectable marker was demonstrated using prototrophic selection of plasmids and genomic DNA containing the wild-type trpAB alleles. A deletion of radB was also constructed that, surprisingly, had no obvious effect on either recombination or transformation, suggesting that its gene product is not involved in the COM1 phenotype. Attempts to construct a radA deletion mutation were unsuccessful, suggesting that this may be an essential gene. The ease and speed of this procedure will facilitate the construction of strains with multiple genetic changes and allow the construction of mutants with deletions of virtually any nonessential gene.
Optimization of exchange spring perpendicular recording media (2005)

Exchange spring media are proposed for magnetic-recording systems consisting of a hard/soft bilayer. By varying the fraction of thickness for the hard and soft layer and by varying their saturation polarizations, the media properties can be optimized in order to achieve high thermal stability without increase of coercive field. In grains with identical size and coercivity, an optimized bilayer reaches an energy barrier exceeding those of optimized single-phase media by more than a factor of two. Thus, exchange spring media allow to reduce the grain diameter by more than a factor of 1//spl radic/2. Additionally, the lower angular dependence of coercivity of exchange spring media improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 2.5.
Ranking of prophylactic efficacy of poly(ICLC) against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice by incremental relative risk of death (1987)

The prophylactic efficacy of poly(ICLC) (stabilized, synthetic, double-stranded polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid) against Rift Valley fever virus infection in Swiss-Webster mice was dependent on the treatment schedule. The treatment schedule was optimized by ranking the results of various treatments by the Cox proportional-hazard model based on the incremental relative risk of death. With this ranking procedure, the schedule of choice was three doses of 20 micrograms each given 5 days apart. This regimen yielded a 90% survival rate. Additional parameters were determined, including the timing of the first and second drug dose, the temporal relationship of these treatments to the day of challenge, and the minimal effective dose (1 microgram per mouse).
Experimentally induced respiratory syncytial viral infection in calves. (1975)

Calves exposed by intranasal (IN) or intratracheal (IT) or both routes of inoculation to bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus had a transient increase in body temperature for 2 days. Histopathologic changes indicative of pneumonia, along with multinucleated giant cells, were observed in alveolar lumen. The virus was recovered from infected calves, and their serologic response was poor. In a limited serologic survey with 100 serums from cattle in Maryland, low levels of serum-neutralizing (SN) antibody to the virus were prevalent in 38% of the serums.
Challenges for Trusted Computing (2008)

Trusted computing is proving to be one of the most controversial technologies in recent years. Rather than become embroiled in the debate over possible (mis)appropriations of its technologies, the authors highlight some of the technical obstacles that might hinder trusted computing's widespread adoption.
Results from 28 Years of Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Sapporo (2014)

The primary goal of newborn mass screening (MS) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the prevention of life-threatening salt-wasting crisis in the most severe forms of CAH, and MS for CAH has been implemented in several countries. We summarize here our experience and results from newborn CAH MS from 1982 to 2010 in Sapporo City. During these 28 yr, the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) was determined in MS of samples from 498,147 newborns. During this period, 26 individuals (19 females and 7 males) with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) were detected. Of the 26 CAH, 20 were classified as having the salt-wasting (SW) form, 4 were classified as having the simple virilizing (SV) form, and 2 were classified as having the noncalssic (NC) form. Therefore, the frequency of the classical type of CAH was 1 in 20,756. In order to improve the effectiveness, we employed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a second tier test from 2000. During this period, among the recalled babies, 75.4% were born prior to the 37th wk of gestation age, and the recall rate was 5.38% for premature neonates and 0.06% for mature neonates. MS for CAH in Sapporo is effective for the identification of the SW and SV forms of 21-OHD. However, the recall rate of premature babies is still high after the introduction of HPLC as a second tier test.
Ultraviolet Raman and Optical Transmission Studies of RF Sputtered Indium Nitride (2002)

UV Raman and absorption measurements plots are used to demonstrate the improvement for InN samples following removal of a surface oxide by 1.0 M HCl etching. An increase in Raman spectra signal strength and a reduction of the apparent band-gap by up to 50 meV is observed. The thick surface oxide is believed to have formed as a result of ex-situ exposure of the samples on removal from the growth system. The importance of target nitridation for RF sputtered material is also demonstrated.