gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Imaging in Central Nervous System and in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Using Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

The long blood circulating time and the progressive macrophage uptake in inflammatory tissues of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles are 2 properties of major importance for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pathologic tissue characterization. This article reviews the proof of principle of applications such as imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque, stroke, brain tumor characterization, or multiple sclerosis. In the human carotid artery, USPIO accumulation in activated macrophages induced a focal drop in signal intensity compared with preinfusion MRI. The USPIO signal alterations observed in ischemic areas of stroke patients is probably related to the visualization of inflammatory macrophage recruitment into human brain infarction since animal experiments in such models demonstrated the internalization of USPIO into the macrophages localized in these areas. In brain tumors, USPIO particles which do not pass the ruptured blood-brain barrier at early times postinjection can be used to assess tumoral microvascular heterogeneity. Twenty-four hours after injection, when the cellular phase of USPIO takes place, the USPIO tumoral contrast enhancement was higher in high-grade than in low-grade tumors. Several experimental studies and a pilot multiple sclerosis clinical trial in 10 patients have shown that USPIO contrast agents can reveal the presence of inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions. The enhancement with USPIO does not completely overlap with the gadolinium chelate enhancement. While the proof of concept that USPIO can visualize macrophage infiltrations has been confirmed in animals and patients in several applications (carotid atherosclerotic lesions, stroke, brain tumors and multiple sclerosis), larger prospective clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical benefit of using USPIO as an MRI in vivo surrogate marker for brain inflammatory diseases.
Versatile Pd(OTf)2·2H2O-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorination Using NMP as a Promoter (2009)

Pd(OTf)2·2H2O-catalyzed ortho-fluorination of triflamide-protected benzylamines is reported. The use of N-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate as the F+ source and NMP as a promoter is crucial for this reaction. The conversion of triflamide into a wide range of synthetically useful functional groups makes this fluorination protocol broadly applicable in medicinal chemistry and synthesis.
Antibody-based cancer therapy (2008)

In this review, the functional characteristics of mAbs, together with their mechanisms of action and clinical application, is summarized as is the potential of combination immunotherapies using mAbs for the augmentation of adaptive antitumor immunity. The results from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that mAbs can also promote tumor-specific active immunity.
Prospective and Challenges of Islet Transplantation for the Therapy of Autoimmune Diabetes (2006)

Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is an attractive treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The success enhanced by the Edmonton protocol has fostered phenomenal progress in the field of clinical islet transplantation in the past 5 years, with 1-year rates of insulin independence after transplantation near 80%. Long-term function of the transplanted islets, however, even under the Edmonton protocol, seems difficult to accomplish, with only 10% of patients maintaining insulin independence 5 years after transplantation. These results differ from the higher metabolic performance achieved by whole pancreas allotransplantation, and autologous islet cell transplantation, and form the basis for a limited applicability of islet allografts to selected adult patients. Candidate problems in islet allotransplantation deal with alloimmunity, autoimmunity, and the need for larger islet cell masses. Employment of animal islets and stem cells, as alternative sources of insulin production, will be considered to face the problem of human tissue shortage. Emerging evidence of the ability to reestablish endogenous insulin production in the pancreas even after the diabetic damage occurs envisions the exogenous supplementation of islets to patients also as a temporary therapeutic aid, useful to buy time toward a possible self-healing process of the pancreatic islets. All together, islet cell transplantation is moving forward.
Color Tuning in Benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole‐Based Small Molecules by Amino Conjugation/Deconjugation: Bright Red‐Light‐Emitting Diodes (2004)

Abstract Bipolar compounds (referred to in general as btza ) containing a benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole core and peripheral diarylamines and/or 4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl moieties have been synthesized via palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of 4,7‐dibromobenzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole with appropriate stannyl compounds. These compounds are fluorescent and the emission color ranges from green to red. The fluorescence of the compounds originates from a charge‐transfer process and exhibits solvatochromism. These red‐light‐emitting materials are amorphous and devices of different configurations were fabricated: I) ITO/ btza /TPBI/Mg:Ag; II) ITO/ btza /Alq 3 /Mg:Ag; III) ITO/ btza /Mg:Ag (where ITO = indium tin oxide, TPBI = 1,3,5‐tris( N ‐phenylbezimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene, and Alq 3 = tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminum). The performance of some of the red‐light‐emitting devices appears to be very promising.
Open field study on the efficacy of oral fluralaner for long-term control of flea allergy dermatitis in client-owned dogs in Ile-de-France region (2016)

The present study confirmed that oral fluralaner treatment should be considered as effective for long-term control of clinical signs in FAD affected dogs.
A new amyloid β variant favoring oligomerization in Alzheimer's‐type dementia (2008)

The E693Delta mutation has been suggested as a cause of dementia because of enhanced formation of synaptotoxic Abeta oligomers. Our findings may provide genetic validation in humans for the emerging hypothesis that the synaptic and cognitive impairment in AD is primarily caused by soluble Abeta oligomers.
Embryological Pigment Epithelial Dystrophies (1976)

Wet particle interactions are observed in many applications, for example, pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, polymerization, agglomeration, and coating, in which an accurate evaluation of the wet restitution coefficient (ewet) is crucial to understand the particle flowability, operating conditions and product size distribution. Experiments were performed to measure the wet restitution coefficient by impacting a spherical particle on a stationary plate covered with a thin liquid layer of water or glycerol solution in this work. Furthermore, novel approaches for estimation of ewet were developed using dimensional analysis (using the Buckingham p theorem and regression analysis) in combination with energy budget analysis. In the correlation development, the dominant physical properties of solid and liquid, particle impact velocity and liquid layer thickness are grouped into well-known dimensionless numbers viz. Reynolds, Weber and Stokes. Whereas in the energy analysis, the energy dissipation rates were determined for five distinct collision phases, that is, dipping, dry collision, undipping, formation and breakage of the liquid bridge, and added mass. The efficacy of the developed approaches was analyzed by comparing obtained results with experiments and an elastohydrodynamic model, and a modified elastohydrodynamic model.
The 5 Stages of Climate Grief (2007)

The global warming topic seems to now be saturating the media. Newspapers, television, weekly magazines and endless Internet sites all have summaries of the science, and wide ranging discussions of what society should do next. The global warming trends and projections are sobering, even frightening, eliciting puzzling responses from the public.
Outcome of surgery for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow): effect of worker's compensation. (2005)

We retrospectively compared the results of extensor origin release for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) against worker's compensation (WC) status. All patients (N = 57) underwent extensor origin release between October 1989 and June 1998. For the 33 patients (37 elbows) who received WC, mean follow-up was 55 months; for the 25 patients (26 elbows) who did not receive WC, mean follow-up was 45 months. Pain relief, symptom recurrence, satisfaction with procedure outcome, and ability to return to work (same or similar job) were evaluated. Pain relief was reliably achieved in the WC and non-WC groups (36/37 and 24/26 elbows, respectively). Symptom recurrence was intermittent in both groups, and few patients sought medical intervention for recurrent symptoms. Patient satisfaction was high in the WC and non-WC groups (35/37 and 26/26 elbows, respectively). A majority of patients in both groups returned to work, but a significantly higher percentage of patients in the WC group changed jobs because of persistent symptoms.
Enteropathogenic and EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliInfections: Emerging Themes in Pathogenesis and Prevention (2002)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) are important causes of infectious diarrhea, particularly among pediatric populations. While EPEC is a significant health threat in the developing world, EHEC causes sporadic but deadly outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in North America and other developed areas. The present review discusses emerging themes in the pathogenesis of EPEC and EHEC, including the discovery and characterization of novel bacterial proteins that are injected by the pathogen into host cells. Recent advances have also been made in the development of relevant animal models, while bacterial virulence factors are being investigated as potential vaccination targets for humans and animals. It is hoped that these new areas of study will not only further our knowledge of the pathogenesis of EPEC- and EHEC-induced disease but also provide opportunities for reducing infection rates and improving treatment options in the future.
Damage to the monkey retina by broad-spectrum fluorescent light. (1981)

Adult rhesus and pigtail monkeys were exposed to a uniform field of light from daylight fluorescent lamps to determine the initial site and characteristics of structural retinal damage induced by continuous exposure and the threshold intensity required to produce the effects. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the initial site of damage is the photoreceptor outer segments. Damage remained restricted to the outer segments at intensities as high as 24,700 lux and with 12 hr exposure periods repeated for up to 4 days. Rods were swollen at the distal tip and showed disc membrane separation. Come outer segments were affected at the proximal end with vesiculation and membrane rearrangement. The threshold intensity for morphological changes to comes in the macula for a single 12 hr exposure was between 195 and 361 mu W/cm2 at the retina (400 to 700 mm; uncorrected for ocular transmittance), whereas the threshold for changes in rods was higher, at between 361 and 615 mu W/cm2. These levels correspond to between 5900 and 10,800 lux (550 to 1000 ft-cd) for comes and 10,800 to 19,400 lux (1000 to 1800 ft-cd) for rods of monkeys with fully dilated pupils. The paramacular areas of the retina were less sensitive to damage than macular areas of the same animal. No paramacular changes were observed in animals exposed to 10,800 lux or less. The patched (control) eyes of each monkey remained structurally normal in both the macula and paramacula at all exposure levels. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the adult primate retina to damage by relatively moderate levels of light.
Scoring the mouse formalin test: Validation study (1998)

The formalin test is a well-established model for assessing nociceptive processes and analgesic drug effects. Previous studies have provided statistical validation of optimal procedures for conducting and scoring the rat formalin test. In the mouse model, formalin concentration has been subjected to validation studies. The present research extended previous work by subjecting two additional parameters - the behaviors that should be scored and the optimal interval for second-phase formalin response - to empirical validation. Five behavioral (formalin-induced favoring, lifting, and biting/licking, rearing and locomotion) and two physiological measures (paw weight and paw thickness increases reflective of formalin-induced inflammation) were examined under four formalin concentrations (Exp. 1: 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0%/25µl formalin) or under four morphine doses (Exp. 2: 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg, s.c. with 5% formalin concentration). Multiple regression analyses defined the optimal second-phase formalin response in outbred, Swiss-Webster mice as 15-35 min post formalin injection, and revealed that the second-phase response is best characterized by the cumulative time spent biting/licking the injected paw. Finally, paw physiological measures provided convergent evidence of nociceptive and antinociceptive processes in the mouse formalin test. Copyright 1998European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.
Survival After Pancreas Transplantation in Patients With Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function (2003)

From 1995-2000, survival for those with diabetes and preserved kidney function and receiving a solitary pancreas transplant was significantly worse compared with the survival of waiting-list patients receiving conventional therapy.
Bright electroluminescence from CdS quantum dotLED structures (1998)

Self-assembled quantum dots of CdS were introduced into the pn junction of ZnSe. Bright luminescence was observed at 77 K and room temperature. The peak wavelength can be tuned by altering the dimensions of the quantum dot structure.
Molecular Diagnosis and Biomarker Identification on SELDI proteomics data by ADTBoost method (2005)

Clinical proteomics is an emerging field that will have great impact on molecular diagnosis, identification of disease biomarkers, drug discovery and clinical trials in the post-genomic era. Protein profiling in tissues and fluids in disease and pathological control and other proteomics techniques will play an important role in molecular diagnosis with therapeutics and personalized healthcare. We introduced a new robust diagnostic method based on ADTboost algorithm, a novel algorithm in proteomics data analysis to improve classification accuracy. It generates classification rules, which are often smaller and easier to interpret. This method often gives most discriminative features, which can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnostic purpose. Also, it has a nice feature of providing a measure of prediction confidence. We carried out this method in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease data acquired by surface enhanced laser-desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) experiments. Our method is shown to have outstanding prediction capacity through the cross-validation, ROC analysis results and comparative study. Our molecular diagnosis method provides an efficient way to distinguish ALS disease from neurological controls. The results are expressed in a simple and straightforward alternating decision tree format or conditional format. We identified most discriminative peaks in proteomic data, which can be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis. It will have broad application in molecular diagnosis through proteomics data analysis and personalized medicine in this post-genomic era.
A Comparative Study on the Effects of Sex Education between Computer Assisted Instruction and Lecture: Focused on Middle School Female Students (2005)

Objectives: The propose of this study was to compare the effects of sex education methods between CAI and Lecture on to improve sex related knowledge and attitudes of middle school female students. Methods: The subjects were selected from one of the Kyoungbuk province's girls middle school. Out of 9 classes of first grade, 2 classes were selected as experimental group and 2 classes were selected as control group. This research was conducted from September 1st to October 1st, 2004. 8 lessons of CAI sex education program was given to experimental group and 8 lessons of sex education lectures was given to control group. To measure the level of sex related knowledge and attitudes of the subjects, the researcher used the modified Kye's, Sung's and Jung's sex related knowledge and attitudes scale. SPSS/Win 10.0 program was used to analyse the data along with Frequency, Percentage, -test, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: 1. Sex related knowledge score in the experimental group educated by CAI program will be different from the control group using lecture education(t=3.49, p=0.001). 2. Sex related attitudes score in the experimental group educated by CAI will be different from the control group using lecture education(t=2.94, p=0.004). Conclusions: From the above results, CAI sex education program showed as more effective than lecture method to improve sex related knowledge and attitudes.
Predominant contribution of DGKζ over DGKα in the control of PKC/PDK‐1‐regulated functions in T cells (2017)

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)-mediated consumption of the diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in response to antigen recognition is an important mechanism to limit T-cell function. Targeting DGK activity presents new opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of the immune response, but assessment of individual DGK functions is complex. T cells express two DGK isoforms, DGKα and DGKζ, and there are no isoform-specific inhibitors. Here we used short interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing in human T cells and DGKα- and DGKζ-deficient mice to define DGK isoform-specific regulation of key signaling pathways during T-cell activation. Our results identify DGKζ as the predominant brake on basal/tonic conditions as well as on downstream T-cell receptor/co-stimulatory signals. DGKζ silencing triggers basal RasGTP activation and facilitates enhanced membrane stability of protein kinase C alpha as well as increased activity of AGC kinases. Downstream of T-cell receptor/co-stimulation, DGKζ silencing results in enhanced and maintained recruitment of PKC theta to the membrane, as well as phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activation and scaffolding functions. Our studies identify a previously unrecognized DGKζ contribution as a negative regulator of the crosstalk between phospholipase C-gamma- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-regulated pathways. This DGKζ input helps to explain previous observations in DGK-deficient mice and suggests that the development of isoform-specific DGK inhibitors is of great interest for the manipulation of distinct aspects of T-cell responses.
Retinoids: in vitro interaction with retinol‐binding protein and influence on plasma retinol (1993)

Studies have been conducted to investigate the structure-function relationships of retinoids in their in vitro interaction with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and in their influence on plasma retinol concentration. Two classes of retinoids, one bearing modifications in the area of the retinol hydroxyl end group (fenretinide, N-(ethyl) retinamide, all-trans, and 13-cis retinoic acid) and the other one also bearing modifications in the area of the cyclohexene ring (etretinate, acitretin, and arotinoid Ro 13-7410), were investigated. Whereas substantial modifications of the retinol hydroxyl group do not prevent the binding to RBP, an intact trimethylcyclohexenyl group seems to be crucial for binding. Both classes of retinoids, administered orally at equimolar doses, reduce plasma retinol concentration in rats but with different kinetics. A marked lowering of plasma retinol occurs early (within 5 h) after administration of retinoids that interact with RBP in vitro, whereas it occurs at later times (24 h) after retinoids that do not interact with RBP. The concentrations of both classes of retinoids found in plasma do not account for the temporal difference in this effect. The early reduction of plasma retinol might be the consequence of in vivo specific binding of retinoids to RBP, as suggested by the in vitro results. The late reduction observed for retinoids lacking in vitro affinity for RBP is due to other mechanisms or to metabolism to retinoids binding to RBP.
Association of Virulence of Murine Cytomegalovirus with Macrophage Susceptibility and with Virion-bound Non-neutralizing Antibody (1985)

A comparison was made of the virulence in vivo and the infectivity in vitro for macrophages of (i) tissue culture-passed mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), (ii) salivary gland virus taken 3 weeks after infection (SGV 3w), and (iii) salivary gland virus taken 1 week after infection (SGV 1w). Salivary gland virus (3w) is known to be coated with non-neutralizing antibody, and is more virulent for newborn suckling mice and less infectious for macrophages than tissue culture-passed virus (TCV). Properties of SGV 1w were similar to those of TCV. Infectivity of SGV 3w for macrophages was significantly enhanced by treatment with trypsin (10 micrograms/ml) and at the same time virulence was lost. When SGV 1w or TCV were treated with trypsin the infectivity for macrophages was unaltered as long as the inoculum was adjusted to contain the same number of p.f.u. as assayed in MEF. Trypsin-treated SGV 3w was neutralized not by rabbit anti-mouse IgG Fc, but by anti-Fab, whereas untreated virus was neutralized by both of these anti-mouse immunoglobulins. These results are discussed in terms of the association of virulence with virion-bound antibody and Fc receptors on macrophages.
Disseminated, Persistent, and Fatal Infection Due to the Vaccine Strain of Varicella-Zoster Virus in an Adult Following Stem Cell Transplantation (2014)

Live attenuated varicella vaccine is recommended for healthy individuals who are susceptible to varicella. Although the vaccine is safe, effective, and used worldwide, serious adverse events have been reported, mainly in immunocompromised patients who subsequently recovered. Here, we describe the fatality of an immunocompromised patient who received the varicella vaccine. His medical history provides a cautionary lens through which to view the decision of when vaccination is appropriate. A middle-aged man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma received chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant. He was vaccinated 4 years post-transplantation, despite diagnosis of a new low-grade lymphoma confined to the lymph nodes. Within 3 months of vaccination, he developed recurrent rashes with fever, malaise, weakness, hepatitis, weight loss, and renal failure. The syndrome was eventually determined to be associated with persistent disseminated zoster caused by the vaccine virus. This case illustrates a circumstance when a live viral vaccine should not be used.
Transition from amorphous to crystal growth of boron films in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with B2H6+He (1989)

A temperature-dependent transition from amorphous to crystal growth was found to accompany a change in its apparent activation energy in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of boron films made from B2H6+He at substrate temperatures (Ts) of 923–1163 K and a pressure of 200 Pa. The transition temperatures (Tc) as well as the activation energies (ΔE1 and ΔE2 at higher and lower Ts, respectively) were found to depend on the plasma power. The Tc (K), ΔE1 (kcal/mol), and ΔE2 (kcal/mol) are 1018, 7.5, and −3.6 for 600 W, 1074, 20, and −2.7 for 800 W, and 1003, 4.2, and −2.0 for 1 kW, respectively.
Synthesis of Pyrroline Nitroxide Annulated Carbocycles and Heterocycles (2000)

Starting from symmetric paramagnetic diene 1, pyrroline nitroxide fused pyridine derivatives such as the paramagnetic omeprazole derivative 6, paramagnetic quinones 7b, 8b, 11, nitroxide fused pyrrole 14b and furan 18 were synthesized.