gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Filling Agents for Lip Augmentation (2008)

The authors discuss various filling agents currently available that can be used to augment the lips, correct perioral rhytides, and enhance overall lip appearance. Fillers are compared and information provided about choosing the appropriate agent based on the needs of each patient to achieve the much coveted "pouty" look while avoiding hypercorrection. The authors posit that the goal for the upper lip is to create a form that harmonizes with the patient's unique features, taking into account age and ethnicity; the goal for the lower lip is to create bulk, greater prominence, and projection of the vermillion.
Three-dimensional optoacoustic reconstruction using fast sparse representation (2017)

Optoacoustic tomography based on insufficient spatial sampling of ultrasound waves leads to loss of contrast and artifacts on the reconstructed images. Compared to reconstructions based on L2-norm regularization, sparsity-based reconstructions may improve contrast and reduce image artifacts but at a high computational cost, which has so far limited their use to 2D optoacoustic tomography. Here we propose a fast, sparsity-based reconstruction algorithm for 3D optoacoustic tomography, based on gradient descent with Barzilai-Borwein line search (L1-GDBB). Using simulations and experiments, we show that the L1-GDBB offers fourfold faster reconstruction than the previously reported L1-norm regularized reconstruction based on gradient descent with backtracking line search. Moreover, the new algorithm provides higher-quality images with fewer artifacts than the L2-norm regularized reconstruction and the back-projection reconstruction.
MIXOTROPHIC GROWTH MODIFIES THE RESPONSE OF SPIRULINA (ARTHROSPIRA) PLATENSIS (CYANOBACTERIA) CELLS TO LIGHT (2000)

Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis (Nordstedt) Geitler cells grown under mixotrophic conditions exhibit a modified response to light. The maximal photosynthetic rate and the light saturation value of mixotrophic cultures were higher than those of the photoautotrophic cultures. Dark respiration and light compensation point were also significantly higher in the mixotrophically grown cells. As expected, the mixotrophic cultures grew faster and achieved a higher biomass concentration than the photoautotrophic cultures. In contrast, the growth rate of the photoautotrophic cultures was more sensitive to light. The differences between the two cultures were also apparent in their responses to exposure to high photon flux density of 3000 μmol·m<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> ·s<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> . The light-dependent O<sub>2</sub> evolution rate and the maximal efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry declined more rapidly in photoautotrophically grown than in mixotrophically grown cells as a result of exposure to high photon flux density. Although both cultures recovered from the high photon flux density stress, the mixotrophic culture recovered faster and to a higher extent. Based on the above results, growth of S. platensis with a fixed carbon source has a significant effect on photosynthetic activity.
Hypoxic Regulation of Lactate Dehydrogenase A (1995)

The oxygen-regulated control system responsible for the induction of erythropoietin (Epo) by hypoxia is present in most (if not all) cells and operates on other genes, including those involved in energy metabolism. To understand the organization of cis-acting sequences that are responsible for oxygen-regulated gene expression, we have studied the 5' flanking region of the mouse gene encoding the hypoxically inducible enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH). Deletional and mutational analysis of the function of mouse LDH-reporter fusion gene constructs in transient transfection assays defined three domains, between -41 and -84 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site, which were crucial for oxygen-regulated expression. The most important of these, although not capable of driving hypoxic induction in isolation, had the consensus of a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) site, and cross-competed for the binding of HIF-1 with functionally active Epo and phosphoglycerate kinase-1 sequences. The second domain was positioned close to the HIF-1 site, in an analogous position to one of the critical regions in the Epo 3' hypoxic enhancer. The third domain had the motif of a cAMP response element (CRE). Activation of cAMP by forskolin had no effect on the level of LDH mRNA in normoxia, but produced a magnified response to hypoxia that was dependent upon the integrity of the CRE, indicating an interaction between inducible factors binding the HIF-1 and CRE sites.
Self-adjuvanted mRNA vaccination in advanced prostate cancer patients: a first-in-man phase I/IIa study (2015)

EU Clinical Trials Register: EudraCT number 2008-003967-37, registered 27 Jan 2009.
Photoluminescence quenching at apolythiophene/C60heterojunction (2000)

Quenching of photoluminescence in a substituted polythiophene in the presence of a deposited ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ layer is studied by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The steady-state PL is evaluated by considering the interference of the absorbed and emitted electro-optical field in the thin film coupled to exciton diffusion in the conjugated polymer. PL quenching occurs for excitons generated within 5 nm from the heterojunction. A blueshift of the polymer emission spectrum is observed when ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ is deposited on top of a polymer thin film. The blueshift is shown to be caused by PL quenching before the excitation is transferred to the lowest-energy sites.
On quick word spotting techniques (2005)

This paper describes 2 efficiency enhancements for speaker-independent connected spoken word spotting. The first enhancement, LESS COST, uses phoneme concatenation to reduce the cost of computing the local distance between each reference and input pattern point. The second enhancement, Coarse DP refinement, reduces the cost of dynamic time warping for only a small error rate penalty. An experiment confirmed these techniques.
Isoflavone Agonists of IRF-3 Dependent Signaling Have Antiviral Activity against RNA Viruses (2012)

There is a growing need for novel antiviral therapies that are broad spectrum, effective, and not subject to resistance due to viral mutations. Using high-throughput screening methods, including computational docking studies and an interferon-stimulated gene 54 (ISG54)-luciferase reporter assay, we identified a class of isoflavone compounds that act as specific agonists of innate immune signaling pathways and cause activation of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF-3) transcription factor. The isoflavone compounds activated the ISG54 promoter, mediated nuclear translocation of IRF-3, and displayed highly potent activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and influenza virus. Additionally, these agonists efficiently activated IRF-3 in the presence of the HCV protease NS3-4A, which is known to blunt the host immune response. Furthermore, genomic studies showed that discrete innate immune pathways centered on IRF signaling were regulated following agonist treatment without causing global changes in host gene expression. Following treatment, the expression of only 64 cellular genes was significantly induced. This report provides the first evidence that innate immune pathways dependent on IRF-3 can be successfully targeted by small-molecule drugs for the development of novel broad-spectrum antiviral compounds.
A Clinical Comparison of Collagen Membranes With e‐PTFE Membranes in the Treatment of Human Mandibular Buccal Class II Furcation Defects (1993)

Guided tissue regeneration procedures using non-resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes have become accepted therapy in treating moderate furcation defects. Resorbable collagen membranes have also been found to support regeneration and preclude the need for surgical removal. The present study compares their effectiveness with e-PTFE membranes in treating human mandibular Class II buccal furcation defects over a 12-month healing interval. Twelve patients were treated with collagen membrane in one defect and e-PTFE in another. Vertical and horizontal defect repair was evaluated through soft tissue probings and hard tissue measurements. Gingival indices and crevicular fluid flow measurements were used to evaluate site inflammation. Intragroup comparisons were made from baseline to 12 months for each type of membrane (sign test) and for differences between treatment groups with collagen versus e-PTFE membranes (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Both materials were effective in gaining vertical open probing new attachment and horizontal open and closed probing new attachment. Collagen membrane was statistically superior to e-PTFE in gaining horizontal open new probing attachment and in reduced levels of inflammation at the surgical site from baseline to 4 weeks. However, clinical differences were negligible. The intrinsic properties and ease of handling make collagen membranes a feasible alternative in guided tissue regeneration procedures.
Immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Domains and Efficacy of Elicited Antibody Responses Depend on Host Genetic Background (2008)

Neutralizing antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), a component of anthrax toxin, mediate protection against anthrax. PA is antigenically complex and can elicit protective and nonprotective antibodies. Furthermore, vaccinated individuals demonstrate considerable variability in their antibody responses to PA. To explore the relationship between PA structure and antigenicity, we produced Escherichia coli strains expressing full-length PA (PA1-4), domains 2 to 4 (PA2-4), domain 1, (PA1), and domain 4 (PA4) and evaluated the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of the protein fractions in four mouse strains (strains A/J, BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Swiss Webster). Immunization with PA1-4 resulted in significantly higher lethal toxin-neutralizing antibody titers than immunization with any recombinant protein (rPA) fraction of PA. The magnitude and neutralizing capacity of the antibody response to full-length PA and its fragments varied depending on the mouse strain. We found no correlation between the antibody titer and the neutralizing antibody titer for A/J and Swiss Webster mice. In C57BL/6 mice, antibody titers and neutralization capacity correlated for two of four rPA domain proteins tested, while BALB/c mice displayed a similar correlation with only one rPA. By correlating the reactivity of immune sera with solvent-exposed linear peptide segments of PA, we tentatively assign the presence of four new linear B-cell epitopes in PA amino acids 121 to 150, 143 to 158, 339 to 359, and 421 to 440. We conclude that the genetic background of the host determines the relative efficacy of the antitoxin response. The results suggest that the variability observed in vaccination studies with PA-derived vaccines is a result of host heterogeneity and implies a need to develop other antigens as vaccine candidates.
In situ observation of coalescence-related tensile stresses during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaN on sapphire (2005)

Surface roughness and stress evolution were monitored in situ during the growth of GaN on sapphire substrates using low-temperature AlN buffer layers of varying thickness. A reduction in buffer layer thickness decreases the concentration of GaN nucleation sites which in turn increases the time to nuclei coalescence, thus varying the temporal evolution of surface roughness. By monitoring the accompanying changes in stress evolution, it is shown that island coalescence consisting of initial contact followed by subsequent surface roughness reduction is a source of tensile stress during growth of GaN films on sapphire. Such delayed coalescence also leads to an improvement in the structural properties of the material.
A 53.3 Mb/s 4 × 4 16-QAM MIMO Decoder in 0.35-μ m CMOS (2005)

An ASIC implementation of the K-best Schnorr-Euchner decoder is presented for a 4/spl times/4 16-QAM MIMO system. There are several low complexity and low power features incorporated in the proposed VLSI architecture. The chip is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip core area is 5.76 mm/sup 2/ with 91 K gates. Furthermore, the decoding throughput that the chip can support is up to 53.3 Mb/s with a core power consumption of 626 mW at 100 MHz clock frequency and 2.8 V supply. The corresponding decoding latency is 2.4 /spl mu/s.
Supplementary Feeding during the Preweaning Period (1974)

The present study was undertaken to determine if a model system could be established in the rat to produce hypercellularity of adipose tissue by overfeeding the preweaning period comparable to the eating pattern which has been suggested as contributing to one form of human obesity. To produce the hypercellularity, rat pups were given 4 supplementary feedings daily during the preweaning period. Supplementation resulted in significant differences in carcass composition, early in percent of fat (14 and 20 days) and later, in percent of protein (40 and 105 days of age). Although there was no significant difference in cell number between the supplemented and control rats, there were significant differences in cell size, the supplemented animals having larger cells at 40 and 105 days of age. The pattern of cellularity produced by supplementation was, therefore, different than that produced by other techniques of early overnutrition.
Measurement of Glucose in Water with First-Overtone Near-Infrared Spectra (1998)

Partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis was used to build calibration models for three unique spectral data sets of glucose in water. Spectra in the first data set were collected with a 2.0 mm optical pathlength. For these data, the measured root-mean-square (rms) noise of 100% lines over the 5975-5850 cm −1 spectral range was 4.5 micro-absorbance units (μAU). Spectrometer upgrades permitted a 5.2 mm optical pathlength for the second data set, and the resulting spectra had an rms noise of 5.9 μAU. Further spectrometer adjustments allowed the use of a 10.0 mm optical pathlength for the third data set, and the resulting spectral rms noise was 8.4 μAU. In each case, the instrumentation was modified individually in order to provide high radiant powers at the detector while avoiding detector saturation. Poor calibration models for the first data set indicate that a 2.0 mm optical pathlength is insufficient for adequate glucose measurements at clinically relevant concentrations. Calibration and prediction errors for the data collected at 5.2 and 10.0 mm pathlengths ranged from 0.40–0.50 and 0.35–0.40 mM, respectively. Digital Fourier filtering significantly improved model performance by reducing the required number of latent variables (factors) in the PLS models and by reducing the wavelength dependency of these models. For the best calibration model, spectra in the data set corresponding to a 10.0 mm pathlength were Fourier filtered with a Gaussian-shaped filter defined in digital frequency units ( f) by a mean position of 0.0206 f and a standard deviation width of 0.0031 f. These filtered spectra were then submitted to a one-factor PLS model that is limited to the 5975-5850 cm −1 spectral range. Consideration of different spectral ranges and an analysis of spectral loading vectors indicate that the 5920 cm −1 absorption band for glucose is critical for useful analytical measurements.
Three Kinds of British Friends: A Latent Class Analysis (2008)

A latent class analysis was applied to the religious beliefs of 485 respondents in Rosie Rutherford's authoritative 2003 survey of British Friends. The analysis produced three groups: (1) Christian Quakers (27%), who hold a traditional Christian theology; (2) secularized Quakers (37%), who do not consider themselves atheists, but whose conception of God is not personal; and (3) Inner Light Quakers (36%), who emphasize the inner light and 'that of God in everyone' .
miR-223 Deficiency Increases Eosinophil Progenitor Proliferation (2013)

Recently, microRNAs have been shown to be involved in hematopoietic cell development, but their role in eosinophilopoiesis has not yet been described. In this article, we show that miR-223 is upregulated during eosinophil differentiation in an ex vivo bone marrow-derived eosinophil culture system. Targeted ablation of miR-223 leads to an increased proliferation of eosinophil progenitors. We found upregulation of a miR-223 target gene, IGF1R, in the eosinophil progenitor cultures derived from miR-223(-/-) mice compared with miR-223(+/+) littermate controls. The increased proliferation of miR-223(-/-) eosinophil progenitors was reversed by treatment with an IGF1R inhibitor (picropodophyllin). Whole-genome microarray analysis of differentially regulated genes between miR-223(+/+) and miR-223(-/-) eosinophil progenitor cultures identified a specific enrichment in genes that regulate hematologic cell development. Indeed, miR-223(-/-) eosinophil progenitors had a delay in differentiation. Our results demonstrate that microRNAs regulate the development of eosinophils by influencing eosinophil progenitor growth and differentiation and identify a contributory role for miR-223 in this process.
Stimulation of Muscle Protein Degradation and Prostaglandin E2Release by Leukocytic Pyrogen (Interleukin-1) (1983)

To clarify the mechanisms underlying the loss of body protein during fever and sepsis, we incubated rat muscles with highly purified human leukocytic pyrogen. This polypeptide, which appears identical to interleukin-1, is released by leukocytes and signals the onset of fever in the hypothalamus. In muscles incubated at 37 degrees C, leukocytic pyrogen stimulated net protein degradation by 62 to 118 per cent (P less than 0.001). Proteolysis increased, but rates of muscle-protein synthesis did not change. The pyrogen also dramatically stimulated muscle synthesis of prostaglandin E2, which promotes protein breakdown in this tissue. Addition of indomethacin with leukocytic pyrogen prevented prostaglandin E2 synthesis and abolished the increase in proteolysis. The acceleration of protein breakdown induced by pyrogen was also blocked by Ep-475, an inhibitor of lysosomal thiol proteases. When muscles were incubated at 39 degrees C to mimic fever, protein breakdown increased, but addition of leukocytic pyrogen caused a further marked increase in proteolysis and prostaglandin E2 production. Thus, human leukocytic pyrogen can act on skeletal muscle to stimulate intralysosomal proteolysis by increasing the production of prostaglandin E2. These findings suggest that cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of negative nitrogen balance in fever. In addition, the release of prostaglandin E2 induced by leukocytic pyrogen may account for the myalgia that accompanies fever.
Inhibition of store‐operated Ca2+ influx by acidic extracellular pH in cultured human microglia (2001)

The effects of extracellular acidification on Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways in human microglia were investigated using Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence microscopy. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to elicit Ca(2+) responses primarily dependent on the depletion of intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores, while platelet-activating factor (PAF) was used to elicit responses primarily dependent on store-operated channel (SOC) influx of Ca(2+). The duration of transient responses induced by ATP was not significantly different in standard physiological pH 7.4 (mean duration 30.2 +/- 2.5 s) or acidified pH 6.2 (mean duration 31.7 +/- 2.8 s) extracellular solutions. However, the time course of the PAF response at pH 7.4 was significantly reduced by 87% with external pH at 6.2. These results suggest that acidification of extracellular solutions inhibits SOC entry of Ca(2+) with little or no effect on depletion of ER stores. Changes of extracellular pH over the range from 8.6 to 6.2 during the development of a sustained SOC influx induced by PAF resulted in instantaneous modulation of SOC amplitude indicating a rapidly reversible effect of pH on this Ca(2+) pathway. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed external acidification blocked depolarization-activated outward K(+) current indicating cellular depolarization may be involved in the acid pH inhibition. Since SOC mediated influx of Ca(2+) is strongly modulated by membrane potential, the electrophysiological data suggest that acidification may act to inhibit SOC by cellular depolarization. These results suggest that acidification observed during cerebral ischemia may alter microglial responses and functions.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Truncated Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Aminoglycoside 6‘-N-Acetyltransferases (2006)

Truncated aminoglycoside-coenzyme A bisubstrate analogues were efficiently prepared using a convergent approach where the amine and the thiol are coupled in one pot with the addition of a linker, without the need for protecting groups. These derivatives were tested for their effect on the activity of the resistance-causing enzyme aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase Ii, and key structure-activity relationships are reported. Moreover, one of the inhibitors is able to block aminoglycoside resistance in cells expressing this enzyme.
Biological effects of dosing aerobic exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in rats (2017)

Aerobic exercise (AE) and non-aerobic neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) are common interventions used in physical therapy. We explored the dose-dependency (low, medium, high) of these interventions on biochemical factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Klotho, in the blood and brain of normal rats, as well as a treadmill-based maximum capacity test (MCT). A medium dose of AE produced the most improvement in MCT with dose-dependent changes in Klotho in the blood. A dose-dependent increase of BDNF was evident following completion of an NMES protocol, but there was no improvement in MCT performance. Gene expression in the hippocampus was increased after both AE and NMES, with IGF-1 being a signaling molecule that correlated with MCT performance in the AE conditions, but also highly correlated with VEGF-A and Klotho. Blood Klotho levels can serve as a biomarker of therapeutic dosing of AE, whereas IGF-1 is a key molecule coupled to gene expression of other molecules in the hippocampus. This approach provides a translatable paradigm to investigate the mode and mechanism of action of interventions employed in physical therapy that can improve our understanding of how these factors change under pathological conditions.
Stem cells and repair of lung injuries (2004)

Fueled by the promise of regenerative medicine, currently there is unprecedented interest in stem cells. Furthermore, there have been revolutionary, but somewhat controversial, advances in our understanding of stem cell biology. Stem cells likely play key roles in the repair of diverse lung injuries. However, due to very low rates of cellular proliferation in vivo in the normal steady state, cellular and architectural complexity of the respiratory tract, and the lack of an intensive research effort, lung stem cells remain poorly understood compared to those in other major organ systems. In the present review, we concisely explore the conceptual framework of stem cell biology and recent advances pertinent to the lungs. We illustrate lung diseases in which manipulation of stem cells may be physiologically significant and highlight the challenges facing stem cell-related therapy in the lung.