gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of solid tumors by interstitial release of recoiling short-lived alpha emitters (2007)

A new method utilizing alpha particles to treat solid tumors is presented. Tumors are treated with interstitial radioactive sources which continually release short-lived alpha emitting atoms from their surface. The atoms disperse inside the tumor, delivering a high dose through their alpha decays. We implement this scheme using thin wire sources impregnated with (224)Ra, which release by recoil (220)Rn, (216)Po and (212)Pb atoms. This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of our method by measuring the activity patterns of the released radionuclides in experimental tumors. Sources carrying (224)Ra activities in the range 10-130 kBq were used in experiments on murine squamous cell carcinoma tumors. These included gamma spectroscopy of the dissected tumors and major organs, Fuji-plate autoradiography of histological tumor sections and tissue damage detection by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The measurements focused on (212)Pb and (212)Bi. The (220)Rn/(216)Po distribution was treated theoretically using a simple diffusion model. A simplified scheme was used to convert measured (212)Pb activities to absorbed dose estimates. Both physical and histological measurements confirmed the formation of a 5-7 mm diameter necrotic region receiving a therapeutic alpha-particle dose around the source. The necrotic regions shape closely corresponded to the measured activity patterns. (212)Pb was found to leave the tumor through the blood at a rate which decreased with tumor mass. Our results suggest that the proposed method, termed DART (diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy), may potentially be useful for the treatment of human patients.
The Clinical Phenotype of Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (4-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria): Case Reports of 23 New Patients (1997)

Our data imply that two groups of patients with SSADH deficiency exist, differentiated by the course of early development. Our recommendation would be that accurate, quantitative organic acid analysis in an appropriate specialist laboratory be requested for any patients presenting with two or more features of mental, motor, or language delay and hypotonia of unknown cause. Such analyses are the only definitive way to diagnose SSADH deficiency; the diagnosis can be confirmed by determination of enzyme activity in white cells from whole blood. We think that increased use of organic acid determination will lead to increased diagnosis of SSADH deficiency and a more accurate representation of disease frequency. As additional patients are identified, we should have a better understanding of both the metabolic and clinical profiles of SSADH deficiency.
Nanometer‐sized colloidal germanium particles: Wet‐chemical synthesis, laser‐induced crystallization and particle growth (1993)

Nanometer‐sized semiconductor particles are currently being intensively investigated in many fields of physics and chemistry—especially since the discovery of visible luminescence in porous silicon. This is one of the first papers to concentrate on the synthesis of IV – IV nanoparticles. A purely wet‐chemical room‐temperature synthesis is described that leads to stable nanometer colloidal germanium particles after laser illumination. The size of the crystallites can be controlled by adjusting the illumination conditions. The preparation technique detailed here is not restricted to germanium but can also be applied to other IV–IV semiconductor particles.
The preparation and properties of certain pyridylpyrimidines and bidiazines as potential chelating agents for iron(II) (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe preparation and properties of certain pyridylpyrimidines and bidiazines as potential chelating agents for iron(II)John J. Lafferty and Francis H. CaseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 5, 1591–1596Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01280a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01280a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1317Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction to fluorescence in situ hybridization : principles and clinical applications (1999)

Partial table of contents: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (D. Pinkel). Chromosome Microdissection (M. Bittner, et al.). Multicolor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Techniques (L. Morrison & M. Legator). APPLICATION TO HUMAN CANCER. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Prostate Cancer (J. Brown & R. Jenkins). Interphase Cytogenetics of the HER--2/neu Onrcogene in Breast Cancer (G. Pauletti & D. Slamon). Characterization of Multistep Tumorigenesis by In Situ Hybridization (J. Izzo & W. Hittelman). Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of Lymphoproliferative Malignancies (A. Younes, et al.). Genotype and Phenotype of a Single Cell (S. Knuutila). APPLICATION TO GENETIC ANALYSIS. Radiation Biodosimetry Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Chromosomal Aberrations (R. Jensen). Applications of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Genetic Toxicology (M. Schuler, et al.). Detecting Fetal Trisomy by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Cells Enriched from Maternal Blood (J. Simpson, et al.). Index.
A catalytically-impaired class A β-lactamase: 2 Å crystal structure and kinetics of the Bacillus licheniformis E166A mutant (1993)

In the beta-lactamase (penicillinase) of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, site specific mutation of Glu166 to Ala caused a million-fold reduction of catalytic activity towards both penicillin and cephalosporin substrates and resulted in the stoichiometric accumulation of the acyl enzyme. The rate of deacylation generally slowed by as much as 10(-7) compared to the wild type. The acyl enzyme intermediate was observed by HPLC, but not by X-ray diffraction. The mutant was crystallized from methoxyPEG 5000 at pH 6.2 in space group P2(1) with Z = 4. Molecular replacement based on the wild type structure followed by refinement produced an R factor of 17.2% for 25,800 3 sigma data from 10 to 2 A. Deviations from bond and angle ideals are 0.005 A and 1.5 degrees respectively. The mutant differs very little from the wild type structure, with only 0.25 A (r.m.s.) differences in backbone atoms; the CD spectra and thermal stabilities of the two enzymes are identical. Changes in the positions of the reactive Ser70 and conserved Lys73 are not significant, suggesting that the proposed salt linkage to Glu166 in the wild type enzyme is weak or non-existent. The calculated solvent exposure of Ser70 and Lys73 increases slightly and a buried water molecule is now positioned near Lys73. The hydrolytic water seen in the native active site shifts markedly by 1.6 A, but is held in the active site by Asn170, which possibly becomes an ineffective substitute for Glu166 in activating the water for deacylation.
Introducing Stevia rebaudiana, a natural zero-calorie sweetener. (2005)

Two accessions of Stevia rebaudiana were successfully introduced in the experimental farm at the Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur in 2000. Cultivation trial of these accessions was conducted during 2001-03. Overall crop performance was satisfactory for both the accessions and they were least affected by biotic and abiotic factors like high rainfall, frost, and infestation by insects and diseases. Quantitative differences were found in stevioside content of the two accessions, ranging between 6 and 8%. Accession 1 was superior in stevioside content and Accession 2 was superior in leaf biomass. Higher content of stevioside was found in the regenerated crop in January, during the second year of plant growth. With improved management practices, there is further scope for improvement in stevioside content. A laboratory-scale process was developed for the extraction of stevioside up to 63% purity. Although the crop is self-incompatible in its breeding behaviour, the prevalence of two diverse accessions has facilitated seed production under Palampur conditions. This has triggered the production of plant material for its introduction amongst interested growers in large numbers. The present communication outlines the growing pattern and stevioside yield from the North Indian region. Three cuts could be obtained during the two-year growing period of the crop.
Total synthesis of insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C). (1983)

Human insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin C) with 70 amino acid residues and three disulfide bridges has been synthesized by the solid-phase method. The synthetic product behaves as a pure polypeptide in paper electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and high-performance liquid chromatography, Its elution behavior in Sephadex G-50, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, and growth-stimulating activity in bovine adrenal cortical cells or granulosa cells are comparable to those reported for the natural product. In radioimmunoassay, the synthetic product is indistinguishable from the natural hormone when either synthetic or natural product is used as the labeled ligand.
Entrepreneurship Education in Developing Countries (1977)

Research Article| September 01 1977 Entrepreneurship Education in Developing Countries Robert E. Nelson Robert E. Nelson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1948) 17 (9): 880–885. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643595 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert E. Nelson; Entrepreneurship Education in Developing Countries. Far Eastern Survey 5 May 1948; 17 (9): 880–885. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643595 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search Copyright 1977 The Regents of University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The photochemistry of chromium, manganese and iron porphyrin complexes (1992)

ABSTRACT.- A review is presented of the photochemistry of porphyrin complexes of the first row transition metals, particularly those of chromium, manganese, and iron. Their photochemistry has revealed a diverse set of reactions, including oxygen and nitrogen atom transfers, photoreductions, photooxidations, photocatalysis, and radical chain initiations. There is growing evidence that much of this diversity actually represents secondary thermal reac-tions. In many cases, the primary photoprocess is homolytic loss of an axial ligand, resulting in photoreduction of the metal and production of a reactive radical from the lost ligand. Subsequent fast thermal reactions can then lead to the formation of the wide range of reactivity observed. This observation is consistent with the nature of the exci-ted states involved. Irradiation of the low energy x + K transitions does not produce photochemical reactions, and the observed photochemistry does not come from the lowest available excited state. Instead, the metalloporphyrin excited states that show photochemistry are those involved in charge transfer transitions, either from the axial li-gand to the metal or from the porphyrin itself to the metal. Thus, the preponderance of metalloporphyrin photoche-mistry is observed in complexes with hyper spectra.
Gas vesicle proteins (1989)

Research Article| December 01 1989 Gas vesicle proteins A E Walsby; A E Walsby 1Department of Botany, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 lUG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P K Hayes P K Hayes 1Department of Botany, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 lUG, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1989) 264 (2): 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640313 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A E Walsby, P K Hayes; Gas vesicle proteins. Biochem J 1 December 1989; 264 (2): 313–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640313 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 London: The Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Managing a large database of camera fingerprints (2010)

Sensor fingerprint is a unique noise-like pattern caused by slightly varying pixel dimensions and inhomogeneity of the silicon wafer from which the sensor is made. The fingerprint can be used to prove that an image came from a specific digital camera. The presence of a camera fingerprint in an image is usually established using a detector that evaluates cross-correlation between the fingerprint and image noise. The complexity of the detector is thus proportional to the number of pixels in the image. Although computing the detector statistic for a few megapixel image takes several seconds on a single-processor PC, the processing time becomes impractically large if a sizeable database of camera fingerprints needs to be searched through. In this paper, we present a fast searching algorithm that utilizes special "fingerprint digests" and sparse data structures to address several tasks that forensic analysts will find useful when deploying camera identification from fingerprints in practice. In particular, we develop fast algorithms for finding if a given fingerprint already resides in the database and for determining whether a given image was taken by a camera whose fingerprint is in the database.
An Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation Method (1997)

This article describes a highly effective catalytic asymmetric epoxidation method for olefins using potassium peroxomonosulfate (Oxone, Dupont) as oxidant and a fructose-derived ketone (1) as catalyst. High enantioselectivies have been obtained for trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted olefins which can bear functional groups such as tributylsilyl ether, acetal, chloride, and ester. The enantiomeric excesses for cis-olefins and terminal olefins are not high yet. The current epoxidation shows that the catalyst efficiency is enhanced dramatically upon raising the pH. Mechanistic studies show that the epoxidation mainly proceeds via a spiro transition state, which provides a model for predicting the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. The planar transition state is likely to be the main competing pathway. The extent of the involvement of the planar mode is subject to the steric effect of the alkyl groups on the olefins.
Male‐sterile maize plants produced by targeted mutagenesis of the cytochrome P450‐like gene (MS26) using a re‐designed I–CreI homing endonuclease (2013)

The I-CreI homing endonuclease from Chlamydomonas reinhardti has been used as a molecular tool for creating DNA double-strand breaks and enhancing DNA recombination reactions in maize cells. The DNA-binding properties of this protein were re-designed to recognize a 22 bp target sequence in the 5th exon of MS26, a maize fertility gene. Three versions of a single-chain endonuclease, called Ems26, Ems26+ and Ems26++, cleaved their intended DNA site within the context of a reporter assay in a mammalian cell line. When the Ems26++ version was delivered to maize Black Mexican Sweet cells by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the cleavage resulted in mutations at a co-delivered extra-chromosomal ms26-site in up to 8.9% of the recovered clones. Delivery of the same version of Ems26 to immature embryos resulted in mutations at the predicted genomic ms26-site in 5.8% of transgenic T(0) plants. This targeted mutagenesis procedure yielded small deletions and insertions at the Ems26 target site consistent with products of double-strand break repair generated by non-homologous end joining. One of 21 mutagenized T(0) plants carried two mutated alleles of the MS26 gene. As expected, the bi-allelic mutant T(0) plant and the T(1) progeny homozygous for the ms26 mutant alleles were male-sterile. This paper described the second maize chromosomal locus (liguless-1 being the first one) mutagenized by a re-designed I-CreI-based endonuclease, demonstrating the general utility of these molecules for targeted mutagenesis in plants.
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of cannabidiol monomethyl ether and cannabidiol dimethyl ether in the guinea pig: On the formation mechanism of cannabielsoin-type metabolite from cannabidiol. (1990)

Oxidative metabolism of cannabidiol monomethyl ether (CBDM), one of the components of marihuana, was studied in the guinea pig. Cannabielsoin monomethyl ether (CBEM) was found to be formed with hepatic microsomes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Experiments using various modifiers of enzymatic reaction suggested that, as in the case of cannabielsoin (CBE) formation from canabidiol (CBD), CBEM was formed from CBDM by the monooxygenase system including cytochrome P450. When cannabidiol dimethyl ether (CBDD), in which phenolic hydroxyl groups of CBD are masked with methyl groups, was incubated with liver microsomes and an reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system, 1S,2R-epoxy-CBDD was identified by GC-MS. The epoxy metabolite was also found in the liver of a guinea pig pretreated with CBDD (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 1 h before sacrifice. Rate of 1S,2R-epoxide metabolism was slower than that of 1R,2S-epoxy-CBDD under the conditions, as in the microsomal oxidation of CBDD described above. These results indicate that 1S,2R-epoxides are formed from CBD, CBDM and CBDD and that the epoxides are quickly converted to elsoin-type metabolites in the cases of CBD and CBDM.
A New Convenient Technique for the Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Compounds (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Convenient Technique for the Hydrogenation of Unsaturated CompoundsHerbert C. Brown and Charles A. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 8, 1495Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00867a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00867a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transplantation of Human Endothelial Cell Monolayer on Artificial Vascular Prosthesis: The Effect of Growth-Support Surface Chemistry, Cell Seeding Density, Ecm Protein Coating, and Growth Factors (1996)

The failure rates of synthetic vascular grafts, when placed in low blood flow environments in humans, are not acceptable. Thus, endothelial cell (EC) seeding technology of vascular grafts was developed to prepare prostheses lined with a human monolayer expressing optimal thromboresistant properties. In a clinical setting, endothelialization of a graft can be achieved using higher cell seeding densities, or by creating a surface on which EC can adhere and grow to confluence. But, human endothelial cells show little or no proliferation on the currently available graft materials. In this study, surface modification of PTFE and ePTFE by ammonia plasma treatment was carried out to enhance its interactions with ECM protein, EC growth factors, and with EC harvested from human umbilical vein (HUVEC), and from human saphenous veins (HSVEC). Our data shows that various vascular graft materials generated from ammonia plasma treated PTFE and ePTFE exhibited statistically significant improvements in HUVEC and HSVEC growth when compared to their respective controls (p values < 0.001). Growth of HSVEC on ammonia plasma treated ePTFE without ECM protein coating was also found to be statistically significant in comparison to that on fibronectin coated ePTFE (p < 0.001). The final HSVEC cell densities found on various ePTFE surfaces prepared from ammonia plasma treated ePTFE, suggests that transplantation of HSVEC monolayers on vascular prostheses can be established within clinically relevant times. Ammonia plasma treatment process provides an unique opportunity to surface modify prosthetic materials of various construct to transplant mammalian cells including those that have undergone ex vivo gene transfer, and to deliver angiogenic molecules to a target area for tissue development.
A Left-sided Azygos Vein in a Cadaver: Anatomical and Surgical Considerations (2018)

Despite the wide-spread knowledge among anatomists and surgeons that the azygos vein lies on the right side of the vertebral column, various scientific works have been conducted which suggest the existence of left-sided azygos veins. The displacement of the vessel seems to be related with aging, due to crossover veins and the development of osteophytes on the thoracic vertebrae. The current case report confirms the variation of the azygos vein's course, highlights the awareness of the relatively unusual left-sided location of the azygos vein for the surgeon of the region, and underlines the clinical significance of such knowledge to the modern internist-radiologist, general surgeon and thoracic surgeon, as well.
Phase II Clinical Trial of a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor–Encoding, Second-Generation Oncolytic Herpesvirus in Patients With Unresectable Metastatic Melanoma (2009)

The 26% response rate, with durability in both injected and uninjected lesions including visceral sites, together with the survival rates, are evidence of systemic effectiveness. This effectiveness, combined with a limited toxicity profile, warrants additional evaluation of JS1/34.5-/47-/GM-CSF in metastatic melanoma. A US Food and Drug Administration-approved phase III investigation is underway.