gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleosides. Part L.. Structure of lumazine N1‐(2′‐deoxy‐D‐ribonucleosides) ( = 1‐(2′‐deoxy‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pteridine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones): A revision of the anomeric configuration (1992)

Abstract The anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bond in lumazine N 1 ‐(2′‐deoxy‐ D ‐ribonucleosides) 1–6 was investigated by NOE difference spectroscopy. The former configurational assignment of the α ‐ and β ‐ D ‐anomers 1 and 2, 3 and 4 , and 5 and 6 , respectively, has to be reversed to be in agreement with the physical data. Additional proof is presented by X‐ray analysis of 3 and 6 . Chemical interconversions of 1‐(2′‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosyl)‐6,7‐diphenyllumazine ( 6 ) into 2,3′ ‐anhydrolumazine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides 16 and 17 are also in agreement with the revised anomeric configuration.
SEIZURE ABATEMENT WITH SINGLE DC PULSES: IS PHASE RESETTING AT PLAY? (2009)

Topological approaches for seizure abatement have received scarce attention. The ability to reset the phase of biological oscillations has been widely exploited in cardiology, as evidenced in part by the usefulness of implantable of defibrillators, but not in epileptology. The aim of this work is to investigate the feasibility of seizure blockage using single or brief monophasic (DC) pulse trains. Single DC or brief (0.1 s) pulse trains were delivered manually or automatically to generalized seizures, induced in rats with the convulsant 3-mercaptoprionic acid, a GABA inhibitor. Treatment outcome (blocked vs. not blocked seizures) was ascertained visually and correlated with the "rhythmicity index", an indirect estimate of neuronal synchrony level. Blockage using single or brief (0.1 s) DC pulses was consistently achieved for seizures with a rhythmicity index > 0.6, while seizures with levels <0.6 were not, although transient phase changes in their oscillations were effected. This work reveals that level of neuronal synchronization may be an important factor in determining the probability of seizure blockage. Seizure blockage using single or brief DC pulse trains and its effects on neural tissue merit further investigation. The clinical applicability of this therapeutic modality and means to enhance it are discussed.
Forward coupling phenomena between artificial left-handed transmission lines (2002)

Coupling phenomena between artificial left-handed (LH) transmission lines are explored on the basis of a transmission line approach of LH materials. A LH forward coupler in the form of an ideal lumped-element ladder network is presented and is shown to exhibit strong forward coupling that increases with decreasing of frequency. A quasi-lumped element microstrip implementation of a LH coupler is proposed. It is demonstrated that this coupler requires a shorter coupling length in comparison with the conventional right-handed coupled-line forward couplers, and hence makes the device much more compact.
CMOS-compatible GaN-on-Si field-effect transistors for high voltage power applications (2014)

CMOS-compatible 100/650 V enhancement-mode FETs and 650 V depletion-mode MISFETs are fabricated on 6-inch AlGaN/GaN-on-Si wafers. They show high breakdown voltage and low specific on-resistance with good wafer uniformity. The importance of epitaxial quality is figured out in a key industrial item: high-temperature-reverse-bias-stress-induced on-state drain curent degradation. Optimization of epitaxial layers shows significant improvement of device reliability.
Genetic modification of proteins in food (1996)

Plant breeders have been extremely successful in improving the quality and yield of the major crops, while maintaining the safety of the food supply. This success has been achieved with very little understanding of the biochemical mechanisms that determine the selected traits. Each time a cross is made, tens of thousands of genes are mixed and reassorted, largely at random. The skill of the breeder lies in selecting the lines to be crossed and recognizing the preferred progeny, discarding those that lack the desirable trait or exhibit undesirable properties. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, breeders have not only extended the range of biological materials from which genes can be accessed, but have also gained new insights into genome organization and gene structure as well as the nature and function of the proteins that those genes encode. Such knowledge affords exquisite specificity in altering the genetic makeup of new crop varieties. For example, resistance to insect pests can now be achieved through the addition of a single well-characterized gene, instead of introducing thousands of unwanted genes from a wild relative that code for uncharacterized and possibly toxic proteins that must be eliminated by generations of backcrossing and screening to recover a commercially acceptable insect-resistant line. The technology also affords unique opportunities to identify the individual components of foods that may cause allergies, and to remove them from food, or change them, so that the food can be consumed safely. A number of commercial products derived through genetic engineering have been approved through regulatory processes that address environmental and food safety concerns. These products are available, or will shortly be available, to growers, producers, and consumers. They will provide foods and feeds that are produced with fewer chemical inputs and have improved nutritional composition and quality.
Renal cell carcinoma does not express argininosuccinate synthetase and is highly sensitive to arginine deprivationviaarginine deiminase (2006)

Recently, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI; EC 3.5.3.6) has been used to treat the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or melanoma, in which the level of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) activity is low or undetectable. The efficacy of its antitumor activity largely depends on the level of intracellular ASS, which enables tumor cells to recycle citrulline to arginine. Thus, we examined the expression levels of ASS in various cancer cells and found that it is low in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, rendering the cells highly sensitive to arginine deprivation by ADI treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in biopsy specimens from RCC patients (n = 98), the expression of ASS is highly demonstrated in the epithelium of normal proximal tubule but not seen in tumor cells. Furthermore, RCC cells treated with ADI showed remarkable growth retardation in a dose dependent manner. ADI also exerted in vivo antiproliferative effect on the allografted renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumor cells and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Histological examination of the tumors revealed that tumor angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were significantly diminished by ADI administration. Therefore, these findings suggest that arginine deprivation by ADI could provide a beneficial strategy for the treatment of RCC in ways of inhibitions of arginine availability and neovascularization.
Combination of Treatment with Perfluorochemicals and Free Radical Scavengers (1992)

P-cyclohexylmorpholine, given as oxygen carrier of second generation, was tested in two experimental models: the ischemic intestine and the lung under hyperbaric oxygen condition. In both instances in separated groups either alpha-tocopherol or allopurinol was additionally given as oxygen free radical scavenger. The thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) was used as screening test for the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in organ probes; further the content of glutathione in reduced (GSH) and oxidized form (GSSG) was determined. Whereas only slight increases of TBAR substances and GSSG could be found compared to controls, the effect of the administrated scavenging drugs was very impressive: they could suppress nearly totally the effect of an enhanced oxidative stress.
Electrophilic and nucleophilic organoselenium reagents. New routes to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic and nucleophilic organoselenium reagents. New routes to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compoundsK. B. Sharpless, R. F. Lauer, and A. Y. TeranishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 18, 6137–6139Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00799a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00799a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3898Altmetric-Citations428LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The consequences of inactivating areas V1 and V5 on visual motion perception (1995)

We studied the capacity of normal humans to discriminate the direction of motion of visual stimuli when areas V1 or V5 were reversibly inactivated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. We found that (i) magnetic stimulation of V5 at intervals of -20 to +10 ms before or after the onset of visual stimulation was effective in abolishing motion perception--other delays were not; (ii) magnetic stimulation of V1 abolished motion perception only marginally and at delays which were significantly different from those obtained with V5, the stimulation now being effective only at delays of 60-70 ms after the onset of visual stimulation. We conclude (i) that stimulation of V5 is a much more potent way of inducing akinetopsia (motion imperception) than stimulation of V1; (ii) that perceptually effective visual motion signals reach V5 at or before 30 ms and reach V1 at or before 60 ms--consequently, perceptually effective motion signals reach V5 before they reach V1; (iii) that, given the time course of arrival of signals in V1 and V5, it takes about 30-50 ms for signals from V1 to reach V5. We conclude further that there are probably two components reaching V5 from the retina, a fast one which bypasses V1 and a slow one which reaches it through V1.
Modulation of tumor growth by inhibitory Fcγ receptor expressed by human melanoma cells (2002)

The efficacy of anti-tumor IgG reflects the balance between opposing signals mediated by activating and inhibitory Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) expressed by effector cells. Here, we show that human malignant melanoma cells express the inhibitory low-affinity Fcγ receptor FcγRIIB1 in 40% of tested metastases. When melanoma cells were grafted in nude mice, a profound inhibition of FcγRIIB1 tumor growth that required the intracytoplasmic region of the receptor was observed. IgG immune complexes (ICs) may be required for this inhibition, since sera from nude mice bearing tumors contained IgG that decreased the proliferation of FcγRIIB1-positive cells in vitro, and tumor development of FcγRIIB1-positive melanoma lines was not inhibited in antibody-defective severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Passive immunization of SCID mice with anti–ganglioside GD2 antibody resulted in significant inhibition of growth of FcγRIIB1-positive tumors in an intracytoplasmic-dependent manner. Altogether, these data suggest that human melanoma cells express biologically active inhibitory FcγRIIB1, which regulates their development upon direct interaction with anti-tumor antibodies. Therefore, FcγR expression on human tumors may be one component of the efficacy of antibody-mediated therapies, and FcγR-positive tumors could be the most sensitive candidates for such treatments.
Disorders of Iron Metabolism (1999)

Iron has the capacity to accept and donate electrons readily, interconverting between ferric (Fe2+) and ferrous (Fe3+) forms. This capability makes it a useful component of cytochromes, oxygen-binding molecules (i.e., hemoglobin and myoglobin), and many enzymes. However, iron can also damage tissues by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to free-radical ions that attack cellular membranes, proteins, and DNA. Proteins sequester iron to reduce this threat. Iron ions circulate bound to plasma transferrin and accumulate within cells in the form of ferritin. Iron protoporphyrin (heme) and iron–sulfur clusters serve as enzyme cofactors. Under normal circumstances, only trace amounts . . .
Inhaled nitric oxide. A selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. (1991)

Background. The gas nitric oxide (NO) is an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor, inactivated by rapid combination with heme in hemoglobin. Methods and Results. Awake spontaneously breathing lambs inhaled 5-80 ppm NO with an acutely constricted pulmonary circulation due to either infusion of the stable thromboxane endoperoxide analogue U46619 or breathing a hypoxic gas mixture. Within 3 minutes after adding 40 ppm NO or more to inspired gas, pulmonary hypertension was reversed. Systemic vasodilation did not occur. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3-6 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. During U46619 infusion pulmonary vasodilation was maintained up to 1 hour without tolerance. In the normal lamb, NO inhalation produced no hemodynamic changes. Breathing 80 ppm NO for 3 hours did not increase either methemoglobin or extravascular lung water levels nor modify lung histology compared with control lambs. Conclusions. Low dose inhaled NO (5-80 ppm) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing both hypoxia- and thromboxane-induced pulmonary hypertension in the awake lamb [corrected].
Driver assistance for &#x201C;Keeping Hands on the Wheel and Eyes on the Road&#x201D; (2009)

Motivated from a basic tip for safe driving, "Keeping Hands on the Wheel and Eyes on the Road", this paper introduces a vision based system for driver activity analysis by observing 3D movement of driver's head and hands from multiview video. From the results of upper body and head pose tracking, semantic descriptions of driver activities are extracted in two steps: First, we determine basic activities of each upper body part (e.g. Two, one, or no hand is on the steering wheel; Head is looking left, straight, or right). Then these basic activities are combined in a fusion step to extract higher level of semantic description of driver activities (e.g. whether the driver is following the above safety tip or not). Our experimental evaluation with real-world street driving shows the promise of applying the proposed system for both post analysis of captured driving data as well as for real-time driver assistance.
Spectroscopic phase microscopy for quantifying hemoglobin concentrations in intact red blood cells (2009)

We report a practical method for label-free quantification of specific molecules using spectroscopic imaging of sample-induced phase shifts. Diffraction phase microscopy equipped with various wavelengths of light source is used to record wavelength-dependent phase images. We first perform dispersion measurements on pure solutions of single molecular species present in the cells, such as albumin and hemoglobin (Hb). With this prior calibration of molecular specific dispersion, we demonstrate the extraction of Hb concentration from individual human red blood cells. The end point of this study is noninvasive monitoring of physiological states of intact living cells.
Hydrolyzed eggshell membrane immobilized on phosphorylcholine polymer supplies extracellular matrix environment for human dermal fibroblasts (2011)

We have found that a water-soluble alkaline-digested form of eggshell membrane (ASESM) can provide an extracellular matrix (ECM) environment for human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF) in vitro. Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) has a fibrous-meshwork structure and has long been utilized as a Chinese medicine for recovery from burn injuries and wounds in Asian countries. Therefore, ESM is expected to provide an excellent natural material for biomedical use. However, such applications have been hampered by the insolubility of ESM proteins. We have used a recently developed artificial cell membrane biointerface, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer (PMBN) to immobilize ASESM proteins. The surface shows a fibrous structure under the atomic force microscope, and adhesion of HDF to ASESM is ASESM-dose-dependent. Quantitative mRNA analysis has revealed that the expression of type III collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and decorin mRNAs is more than two-fold higher when HDF come into contact with a lower dose ASESM proteins immobilized on PMBN surface. A particle-exclusion assay with fixed erythrocytes has visualized secreted water-binding molecules around the cells. Thus, HDF seems to possess an ECM environment on the newly designed PMBN-ASESM surface, and future applications of the ASESM-PMBN system for biomedical use should be of great interest.
The Multimerization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I Vif Protein (2001)

The Vif (virion infectivity factor protein of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) is essential for viral replication in vivo and productive infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages, and H9 T-cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of Vif remains unknown and needs to be further determined. In this report, we show that, like many other proteins encoded by HIV-1, Vif proteins possess a strong tendency toward self-association. In relatively native conditions, Vif proteins formed multimers in vitro, including dimers, trimers, or tetramers. Through in vivo binding assays such as coimmunoprecipitation and the mammalian two-hybrid system, we also demonstrated that Vif proteins could interact with each other within a cell, indicating that the multimerization of Vif proteins is not simply due to fortuitous aggregation. Further studies indicated that the domain affecting Vif self-association is located at the C terminus of this protein, especially the proline-enriched 151-164 region. Moreover, we found that a Vif mutant with deletion at amino acid 151-164 was unable to rescue the infectivity of vif-defective viruses generated from H9 T-cells, suggesting that the multimerization of Vif proteins could be important for Vif function in the viral life cycle. Our studies identified a new feature of Vif and should accelerate our understanding of its role in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Generation of an epigenetic signature by chronic hypoxia in prostate cells (2009)

Increasing levels of tissue hypoxia have been reported as a natural feature of the aging prostate gland and may be a risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we have used PwR-1E benign prostate epithelial cells and an equivalently aged hypoxia-adapted PwR-1E sub-line to identify phenotypic and epigenetic consequences of chronic hypoxia in prostate cells. We have identified a significantly altered cellular phenotype in response to chronic hypoxia as characterized by increased receptor-mediated apoptotic resistance, the induction of cellular senescence, increased invasion and the increased secretion of IL-1 beta, IL6, IL8 and TNFalpha cytokines. In association with these phenotypic changes and the absence of HIF-1 alpha protein expression, we have demonstrated significant increases in global levels of DNA methylation and H3K9 histone acetylation in these cells, concomitant with the increased expression of DNA methyltransferase DMNT3b and gene-specific changes in DNA methylation at key imprinting loci. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a genome-wide adjustment of DNA methylation and histone acetylation under chronic hypoxic conditions in the prostate. These epigenetic signatures may represent an additional mechanism to promote and maintain a hypoxic-adapted cellular phenotype with a potential role in tumour development.
Production of Hybrid Seed Corn (1988)

This chapter presents state-of-the-art description of seed corn (Zea mays L.) production as it is commercially practiced in the late 1980s. It draws heavily on the treatment by W. F. Craig, but will highlight changes in the industry and in technology since that chapter was written. Many firms have become involved in the production and sale of hybrid seed corn. Large quantities of parent seed stocks (foundation seed) are required annually to plant the several hundred thousand hectares of commercial hybrid seed corn production. Inbreds are the basic foundation seed used in hybrid seed corn production. Generally, the equipment and procedures used in planting, detasseling, harvesting, drying, and conditioning of parent seed increases are similar to those used in commercial hybrid seed production. Successful commercial hybrid seed corn production begins with selection of a growing area and contract growers.
Biology and therapy of mantle cell lymphoma (2005)

This review summarizes recent advances in the biology, pathogenesis, and therapy of mantle cell lymphoma and identifies ongoing areas of clinical investigation and new treatment approaches.
ATP-dependent asymmetric distribution of spin-labeled phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane: relation to shape changes. (1984)

Spin-labeled analogs of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine have been used to study phospholipid transverse diffusion and asymmetry in the human erythrocyte membrane. Ascorbate reduction was used to assess the transbilayer distribution of the labels. All three spin-labeled phospholipids initially incorporated into the outer leaflet of the membrane. On fresh erythrocytes at 5 degrees C, the phosphatidylcholine label remained mainly in the outer leaflet. In contrast, the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine labels underwent rapid transverse diffusion that led to their asymmetric distribution in favor of the inner leaflet. The latter effect was reversibly inhibited after ATP depletion of the erythrocytes and could be reproduced on resealed erythrocyte ghosts only if hydrolyzable Mg-ATP was included in the internal medium. It is suggested that an ATP-driven transport of amino phospholipids toward the inner leaflet could be the major cause of the phospholipid asymmetry in the erythrocyte membrane. It is also proposed that the same mechanism could explain the ATP requirement of the maintenance of the erythrocyte membrane discoid shape.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of 3′‐Oligonucleotide‐Peptide Conjugates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integration of III-V optical devices and interconnects on Si using SiGe virtual substrates (2002)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2002.
Efficient Synthesis of 4,7-Diamino Substituted 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides (2011)

A convenient and high-yielding multigram synthesis of the versatile intermediate 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid is described. The intermediate is further efficiently derivatized to 4,7-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxamides with potential G-quadruplex stabilizing effects.