gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coverage of Prandial Insulin Requirements by Means of an Ultra-Rapid-Acting Inhaled Insulin (2012)

Barriers to the use of prandial insulin regimens include inadequate synchronization of insulin action to postprandial plasma glucose excursions as well as a significant risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Technosphere® insulin (TI) is an inhaled ultra-rapid-acting human insulin that is quickly absorbed in the alveoli. With a time to maximum plasma drug concentration of approximately 14 min and a time to maximum effect of 35 to 40 min, TI more closely matches the postprandial insulin concentrations seen in nondiabetic individuals. Studies have shown that long-term administration of prandial TI in combination with long-acting basal insulin results in reductions in hemoglobin A1c comparable to conventional subcutaneously injected prandial insulins but with improved control of early postprandial BG. Furthermore, TI has been associated with less weight gain and a lower incidence of hypoglycemia, which may enhance patient satisfaction and acceptability of insulin therapy. This review discusses the clinical properties of TI and proposes strategies for optimal use.
Synthetic Auxotrophs with Ligand-Dependent Essential Genes for a BL21(DE3) Biosafety Strain (2015)

Synthetic auxotrophs are organisms engineered to require the presence of a particular molecule for viability. They have potential applications in biocontainment and enzyme engineering. We show that these organisms can be generated by engineering ligand-dependence into essential genes. We demonstrate a method for generating a Synthetic auxotroph based on a Ligand-Dependent Essential gene (SLiDE) using 5 essential genes as test cases: pheS, dnaN, tyrS, metG, and adk. We show that a single SLiDE strain can have a 1 × 10(8)-fold increase in viability when chemically complemented with the ligand benzothiazole. The optimized SLiDE strain engineering protocol required less than 1 week and $100 USD. We combined multiple SLiDE strain alleles into the industrial Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), yielding an organism that exceeds the biosafety criteria with an escape frequency below the limit of detection of 3 × 10(-11).
3‐phosphorylated N‐alkylindoles (1996)

The reactions of N-alkylindoles with phosphorus (III) halides have been studied. Synthetic methods for 3-phosphorylated N-alkylindoles, including dihalogenphosphines, have been developed, and the chemical properties of the 3-phosphorylated indoles have been investigated. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
NAD‐Linked l(+)‐Lactate Dehydrogenase from the Strict Aerobe Alcaligenes eutrophus (1983)

The L(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) of Alcaligenes eutrophus catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of pyruvate and a few other 2-oxoacids. The Km values for NADH, NAD, pyruvate and L(+)-lactate are 0.075 mM, 0.130 mM, 0.820 mM and 7.10 mM, respectively. The reaction follows a rapid equilibrium ordered bi-bi mechanism and involves the formation of a dead-end EBQ complex. The competitive inhibition of pyruvate reduction caused by NAD (with respect to NADH) is regarded to be of physiological importance. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by oxaloacetate, oxalate and to a less extent by oxamate. Oxaloacetate was found to be the most powerful inhibitor of the enzyme and exerts an almost complete inhibition of the reduction of pyruvate and some 2-oxoacids at concentrations of 1 microM and less. At 0.1 microM oxaloacetate the inhibition of pyruvate reduction is about 90%. The kinetics of pyruvate reduction in the presence of oxaloacetate is characterized by a burst phase followed by a decreased steady-state velocity. During the burst phase, which lasts from several seconds to some minutes, the enzyme undergoes transition to a less active enzyme form. The inhibition studies revealed the lactate dehydrogenase to be a hysteretic enzyme, due to its slow response to the ligand. The characteristics of the transient were examined. The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase from A. eutrophus by oxaloacetate is considered to be of great physiological importance, allowing its function only at a low oxaloacetate concentration and consequently at high NADH/NAD ratios.
Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced 3p21.3 aberrations and genetic predisposition to lung cancer. (1998)

3p deletion, a common chromosome defect in lung cancer, occurs more frequently in the lung tumor tissues of smoking patients than it does in those of nonsmoking patients. This pilot study evaluated whether 3p aberrations induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), the metabolic product of benzo[a]pyrene, a constituent of tobacco smoke, were more common in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 lung cancer patients than they were in those of 54 matched controls. Our hypothesis was that 3p sensitivity to BPDE reflects the susceptibility of a specific locus to damage from carcinogens in tobacco smoke. BPDE-induced chromosome 3p21.3 aberrations were significantly more frequent in cases (34.1 per 1000) than they were in controls (22.1 per 1000; P < 0.0001). However, no such difference was observed for 6q27, a control locus. Using the median value in the controls (20 per 1000) as a cutoff point to classify BPDE-induced sensitivity at 3p21.3 and after adjustment by age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status, 3p BPDE sensitivity was associated with an elevated risk of 14.1 (95% confidence interval: 3.5, 56.2) for lung cancer. There was also a dose-response relationship between the degree of BPDE sensitivity at 3p21.3 and increased risk for lung cancer. Therefore, 3p may be a molecular target for BPDE damage in lung cancer cases.
Adaptation of Standard Spreadsheet Software for the Analysis of DNA Sequences (1998)

This paper presents use of spreadsheet software to derive various statistics on nucleotide and codon distribution and frequency from gene sequence data, including chi 2 test and their derivatives, and proportion of nucleotides in the third position. The basic principles can be easily extended to other more complex functions. In addition, it can be used to translate a nucleic acid sequence into a protein sequence or to produce a codon usage table. This adaptation permits sequence analysis without expensive dedicated software and easy modification of the analysis according to the user's requirements. It is also ideal for introducing biological science students to the programming potential of spreadsheets.
Implementing a Fibre Channel SCSI transport (2002)

The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a popular interface for the attachment of disk drives and many other peripheral devices. Each device type has a clearly defined logical model that can be used as the target of operating system device drivers. However, the SCSI physical interface has limits in performance and connectivity that are already being felt as restrictions in high performance desktop and server applications. The Fibre Channel is a serial interface with many physical transmission media options. The protocol uses a simple hierarchy of frames, sequences, and exchanges to implement a wide variety of upper layer protocols, including the SCSI Fibre Channel protocol. A practical implementation example shows how Fibre Channel overcomes the limitations of the SCSI physical interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coding and modulation for the additive exponential noise channel (2008)

Communication across an additive exponential noise (AEN) channel is studied. Constellations are designed for low signal-to-noise ratio, where the minimum energy per bit is not universally attained by all modulations, and for high signal-to-noise ratio, where an equiprobable non-uniform constellation 0.76 dB away from capacity is described. The pairwise error probability for binary codes is similar to that in an equivalent discrete-time Gaussian channel of identical signal-to-noise ratio.
Control of Vertex Geometry, Structure Dimensionality, Functionality, and Pore Metrics in the Reticular Synthesis of Crystalline Metal−Organic Frameworks and Polyhedra (2008)

Metal-organic polyhedra and frameworks (MOPs and MOFs) were prepared by linking square units M2(CO2)4 (M = Cu and Zn) with a variety of organic linkers designed to control the dimensionality (periodicity) and topology of the resulting structures. We describe the preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of 5 new MOPs and 11 new MOFs (termed MOP-14, -15, -17, -23, -24 and MOF-114, -115, -116, -117, -118, -119, -222, -601, -602, -603, -604) and show how their structures are related to the shape and functionality of the building blocks. The gas uptake behaviors of MOP-23 and MOF-601 to -603 are also presented as evidence that these structures have permanent porosity and rigid architectures.
Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Is a Putative Target for Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer (2005)

These results show a potential therapeutic role for anti-PSCA antibodies in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, PSCA might serve as a novel marker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Structural characterization of nonpolar (1120) a-plane GaN thin films grown on (1102) r-plane sapphire (2002)

In this letter we describe the structural characteristics of nonpolar (112̄0) a-plane GaN thin films grown on (11̄02) r-plane sapphire substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Planar growth surfaces have been achieved and the potential for device-quality layers realized by depositing a low temperature nucleation layer prior to high temperature epitaxial growth. The in-plane orientation of the GaN with respect to the r-plane sapphire substrate was confirmed to be [0001]GaN‖[1̄101]sapphire and [1̄100]GaN‖[112̄0]sapphire. This relationship is explicitly defined since the polarity of the a-GaN films was determined using convergent beam electron diffraction. Threading dislocations and stacking faults, observed in plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images, dominated the a-GaN microstructure with densities of 2.6×1010 cm−2 and 3.8×105 cm−1, respectively. Submicron pits and crystallographic terraces were observed on the optically specular a-GaN surface with atomic force microscopy.
T cell activation in vivo by dengue virus infection. (1995)

It is accepted that T cells play a critical role during virus infections; however, T cell responses in vivo in acute stage of virus infection are not understood. We examined T cell activation in vivo in two volunteers who developed dengue fever in response to vaccination with a candidate live dengue vaccine. Serial plasma collected from the volunteers from day 0 (before infection) to day 17 after infection were examined for levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD4 (sCD4), soluble CD8 (sCD8), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (INF gamma). Elevation of the levels of sIL-2R, IFN gamma, sCD4 and IL-2 became obvious during the period of viremia and was followed by a later increase in the level of sCD8. The levels of IFN gamma and sIL-2R declined after the end of the period of viremia. These results indicate that i. T cells are activated in vivo by dengue virus infection ii. activation of CD4+ T cells occurs during the period of viremia iii. activation of CD8+ T cells follows CD4+ T cell activation. These results suggest that activation of T cells in vivo may contribute to controlling acute dengue virus infections.
A randomized trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy (2003)

Duration of gestation increased significantly when docosahexaenoic acid intake was increased during the last trimester of pregnancy. The increase in gestation was similar to that reported for interventions with much larger amounts of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Reliable and efficient PUF-based key generation using pattern matching (2011)

We describe a novel and efficient method to reliably provision and re-generate a finite and exact sequence of bits, for use with cryptographic applications, e.g., as a key, by employing one or more challengeable Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) circuit elements. Our method reverses the conventional paradigm of using public challenges to generate secret PUF responses; it exposes response patterns and keeps secret the particular challenges that generate response patterns. The key is assembled from a series of small (initially chosen or random), secret integers, each being an index into a string of bits produced by the PUF circuit(s); a PUF unique pattern at each respective index is then persistently stored between provisioning and all subsequent key re-generations. To obtain the secret integers again, a newly repeated PUF output string is searched for highest-probability matches with the stored patterns. This means that complex error correction logic such as BCH decoders are not required. The method reveals only relatively short PUF output data in public store, thwarting opportunities for modeling attacks. We provide experimental results using data obtained from PUF ASICs, which show that keys can be efficiently and reliably generated using our scheme under extreme environmental variation.
Anti-inflammatory Therapy Reduces Wheezing After Bronchiolitis (1996)

Early anti-inflammatory therapy with nebulized cromolyn sodium or budesonide reduces the number of wheezing episodes and hospital admissions after bronchiolitis. Children with atopy are at high risk of subsequent wheezing episodes, and they particularly benefit from anti-inflammatory therapy.
ORNL Superconducting Technology Program for Electric Power Systems--Annual Report for FY 2001 (2002)

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Superconducting Technology Program is conducted as part of a national effort by the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to develop the science and technology base needed by US industry for development of electric power applications of high-temperature superconductivity. The two major elements of this program are wire development and applications development. A new part of the wire research effort was the Accelerated Coated Conductor Initiative. This document describes the major research and development activities for this program together with related accomplishments. The technical progress reported was summarized from recent open literature publications, presentations, and information prepared for the FY 2001 Annual Program Review held August 1-3, 2001. Aspects of ORNL's work that were presented at the International Cryogenic Materials Conference/Cryogenic Engineering Conference (July 2001) are included in this report as well. This ORNL program is highly leveraged by the staff and other resources of US industry and universities. Interlaboratory teams are also in place on a number of industry-driven projects. Working group meetings, staff exchanges, and joint publications and presentations ensure that there is technology transfer with US industry. Working together, the collaborative teams are making rapid progress in solving the scientific and technical issues necessary for the commercialization of long lengths of practical high-temperature superconductor wire and wire-using systems.
Flow control for the ATM available bit rate service (2002)

During the past year the identification of appropriate flow control mechanisms for the support of the new available bit rate (ABR) ATM service has attracted the intense interest of the technical community worldwide. A key aspect of the ABR service definition is the reliance an a feedback control loop linking the potential points of congestion in an ATM network and the sources of data. The feedback control of the flow of data cells within multiservice networks characterized by both extremely high data rates, and possibly long propagation delays poses formidable challenges. This is particularly true when very strict quality of service requirements are imposed, together with the need to reduce expensive buffering needs. In this paper the author discusses some fundamental and sometimes new control aspects brought to the surface by the intense effort towards the definition of appropriate feedback flow control schemes for the ABR service. The primary goal for the ABR service is the economical support of applications with vague requirements for throughputs and delays.
Studies of N-terminal templates for .alpha.-helix formation. Synthesis and conformational analysis of peptide conjugates of (2S,5S,8S,11S)-1-acetyl-1,4-diaza-3-keto-5-carboxy-10-thiatricyclo[2.8.1.04,8]tridecane (Ac-Hel1-OH) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of N-terminal templates for .alpha.-helix formation. Synthesis and conformational analysis of peptide conjugates of (2S,5S,8S,11S)-1-acetyl-1,4-diaza-3-keto-5-carboxy-10-thiatricyclo[2.8.1.04,8]tridecane (Ac-Hel1-OH)D. S. Kemp, Timothy P. Curran, James G. Boyd, and Thomas J. AllenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6683–6697Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new type sandwich immunoassay for microcystin: production of monoclonal antibodies specific to the immune complex formed by microcystin and an anti‐microcystin monoclonal antibody (1999)

To develop an ultrasensitive immunoassay for microcystins (MCs), a group of heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria, we produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which specifically recognize the immune complex (IC) formed by an anti-MC MAb (MC MAb) and MCs. The use of the anti-IC MAb (IC MAb) as the secondary antibody made it possible to develop a sandwich type immunoassay, which is theoretically superior to the widely used competitive immunoassay in sensitivity as well as accuracy. A MC MAb mixed with microcystin-LR (MCLR) to form the IC was immunized to mice. Three IC MAbs were obtained, all of which specifically reacted with the IC, but almost never reacted to MC MAb or MCLR in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Binding kinetics study of one of the IC MAbs, 3F7, by a BIAcore biosensor technique revealed that 3F7 IC MAb could associate with free MC MAb as well as the IC, but the binding to free MC MAb was much more easily dissociated than that to the IC, thus resulting in about 300-fold higher affinity of 3F7 for the IC than for MC MAb alone (1.8 × 109 M−1 and 4.6 × 106 M−1 for the IC and MC MAb, respectively). Finally, 3F7 IC MAb was shown to react with the IC formed by the addition of MCLR to MC MAb-coated plates in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, a new type sandwich immunoassay, anti-immune complex ELISA (IC ELISA) for MCs, was indeed established. The detection limit of the IC ELISA was 2 pg of MCLR ml−1 (50 fg per assay), making it the most sensitive of all the methods for detecting MCs reported to date. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glioblastoma Patients Exhibit Circulating Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cells (2005)

Glioblastoma multiforme patients exhibit circulating tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that recognize shared tumor antigens from the glioblastoma multiforme cell line U118. These data show that glioblastoma multiformes are immunogenic and support the development of immunotherapy trials.
Fiber-optic sensor using a tandem combination of a multimode fiber and a self-pumped phase conjugator (1989)

An interferometric sensing scheme using a multimode fiber and a self-pumped phase conjugator is proposed. The self-pumped phase conjugator corrects the distortion due to mode scrambling in the fiber and responds to any uniform optical phase change caused by environmental factors. A temperature sensor based on the proposed scheme is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme.
Phage display—A powerful technique for immunotherapy (2012)

One of the most effective molecular diversity techniques is phage display. This technology is based on a direct linkage between phage phenotype and its encapsulated genotype, which leads to presentation of molecule libraries on the phage surface. Phage display is utilized in studying protein-ligand interactions, receptor binding sites and in improving or modifying the affinity of proteins for their binding partners. Generating monoclonal antibodies and improving their affinity, cloning antibodies from unstable hybridoma cells and identifying epitopes, mimotopes and functional or accessible sites from antigens are also important advantages of this technology. Techniques originating from phage display have been applied to transfusion medicine, neurological disorders, mapping vascular addresses and tissue homing of peptides. Phages have been applicable to immunization therapies, which may lead to development of new tools used for treating autoimmune and cancer diseases. This review describes the phage display technology and presents the recent advancements in therapeutic applications of phage display.
The effects of ketamine on learning and memory function in the pregnant rat' s offspring (2011)

Objective To investigate whether pregnant rats exposure to ketamine cause offspring changes in space cognitive abilities and exploration abilities.Methods 3-month Sprague-Dawley female rats ( n =24)were randomly divided into four groups:group N (control group),group K1 (small doses of ketamine group),group K2 ( clinical anesthesia dose of ketamine group),group K3 ( large doses of ketamine group).3-month Sprague-Dawley male rats ( n =4) and female rats were mated at the same cage by the proportion of 2∶ 1.Pregnant mice were treated at tenth day:group N were treated saline with equal-volume to ketamine vein injection; group K1,group K2,group K3 administered vein injection 3,8,20mg/kg of ketamine.Then the 20-day offspring rats'learning and memory were assessed used Open Field Test ( record the time of the offspring in the central case through the number of grid within 2 min ) and Hole Board Test ( Counting the times of offspring stretch into the hole in 5 min) at postnatal days 20.Results In the Open Field Test,the retention time in central check of group N,group K2 and group K3 were (2.45 ± 1.23)s,(6.42 ±2.50)s,(6.41 ±2.19)s.Compared with group N,the retention time in central check of group K2 and group K3 were significantly higher (F=13.42,P＜0.01 ),and group K1 were not significant different ( t =1.33,P＞0.01 ),and the locomotion of group K1,group K2,group K3 were significantly reduced( ( 15.33 ± 6.81 ),( 13.75 ± 5.93 ),( 16.92 ± 6.54 ),F =4.24,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the Hole Board Test,the times of offspring stretch into the hole were not significant different comparing with the control group(F=2.17,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The dose of ketamine that equivalented clinical anesthesia can affect offspring rats' space cognitive abilities; but the exploring cognitive ability were not significantly influenced.

Key words: 
Ketamine;  Pregnant rats,offspring;  Cognitive function