Repair of Oxidative Damage to Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA in Mammalian Cells (1997)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1The abbreviations used are: ROS, reactive oxygen species; BER, base excision repair; NER, nucleotide excision repair; AD, Alzheimer's disease; endo, endonuclease; TCR, transcription-coupled repair; 8-oxoG, 8-hydroxyguanine; 8-oxodG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine; TG, thymine glycol; AP, apurinic/apyrimidinc; GSR, gene-specific repair assay; XP, xeroderma pigmentosum; CS, Cockayne's syndrome; FapyG, 2,6-diamino-4hydroxyl-5-methylformamidopyrimidine. 1The abbreviations used are: ROS, reactive oxygen species; BER, base excision repair; NER, nucleotide excision repair; AD, Alzheimer's disease; endo, endonuclease; TCR, transcription-coupled repair; 8-oxoG, 8-hydroxyguanine; 8-oxodG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine; TG, thymine glycol; AP, apurinic/apyrimidinc; GSR, gene-specific repair assay; XP, xeroderma pigmentosum; CS, Cockayne's syndrome; FapyG, 2,6-diamino-4hydroxyl-5-methylformamidopyrimidine. are generated in cells as a by-product of cellular metabolism. ROS react with proteins, lipids, and DNA. DNA base modifications, abasic sites, deoxyribose damage, and single and double strand breaks are all induced following various forms of oxidative stress. This review will focus on DNA repair of oxidative lesions by base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). We will focus on the mammalian BER enzymes that have recently been cloned and characterized. Mitochondrial DNA repair mechanisms oxidative will and double strand breaks are lesions induced by and repair of lesions will DNA and on DNA by ROS species a of DNA that have been in the DNA cells DNA and of base are in are and that the of oxidative lesions in mammalian DNA of of the DNA and and have that oxidative DNA in of oxidative base in with a in 8-oxoG, and in DNA with the of with in and in as a of the of oxidative DNA with on the in Alzheimer's have of oxidative DNA in the and a in cells Alzheimer's a in the of by of by the of and that oxidative DNA and the in cells cells and and that lesions by as oxidative modifications, DNA strand breaks are in cells have been used cells oxidative damage, all DNA and have used a of a of lesions base and single and double strand breaks in DNA. oxygen damage, and thymine of DNA and the of oxidative in the used DNA in in the of the DNA review the various used oxidative in DNA of the that the that a and that used oxidative that the DNA are as in the cellular DNA. 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BER, base excision repair; NER, nucleotide excision repair; AD, Alzheimer's disease; endo, endonuclease; TCR, transcription-coupled repair; 8-oxoG, 8-hydroxyguanine; 8-oxodG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine; TG, thymine glycol; AP, apurinic/apyrimidinc; GSR, gene-specific repair assay; XP, xeroderma pigmentosum; CS, Cockayne's syndrome; FapyG, 2,6-diamino-4hydroxyl-5-methylformamidopyrimidine. 1The abbreviations used are: ROS, reactive oxygen species; BER, base excision repair; NER, nucleotide excision repair; AD, Alzheimer's disease; endo, endonuclease; TCR, transcription-coupled repair; 8-oxoG, 8-hydroxyguanine; 8-oxodG, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine; TG, thymine glycol; AP, apurinic/apyrimidinc; GSR, gene-specific repair assay; XP, xeroderma pigmentosum; CS, Cockayne's syndrome; FapyG, 2,6-diamino-4hydroxyl-5-methylformamidopyrimidine. are generated in cells as a by-product of cellular metabolism. ROS react with proteins, lipids, and DNA. DNA base modifications, abasic sites, deoxyribose damage, and single and double strand breaks are all induced following various forms of oxidative stress. This review will focus on DNA repair of oxidative lesions by base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). We will focus on the mammalian BER enzymes that have recently been cloned and characterized. 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