gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approaching Nyquist Limit in WDM Systems by Low-Complexity Receiver-Side Duobinary Shaping (2012)

A novel low-complexity coherent receiver solution is presented to improve spectral efficiency in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. It is based on the receiver-side partial-response equalization and maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) in prefiltered WDM systems. The partial-response equalization shapes the channel into an intermediate state with a known partial response which is finally recovered by MLSD without the need of channel estimation. In this scheme, the severe intersymbol interference induced by the prefiltering can be shared between the partial-response equalization and MLSD. Therefore, a tradeoff can be made between complexity and performance. The feasibility of receiver-side partial-response shaping relaxes the efforts and requirements on the transmitter-side prefiltering, which permits the mature WDM components to implement prefiltering. In addition, the partial-response equalization or shaping structure is also improved based on our prior art, which further simplifies the overall scheme. For near-baudrate-spacing optically prefiltered WDM systems, duobinary response is experimentally proved as a good intermediate response to shape. Due to the short memory of the duobinary response, the complexity of the receiver based on duobinary shaping has been reduced to a low level. As a whole, the proposed scheme provides a good alternative to Nyquist-WDM at comparable spectral efficiencies. With the proposed receiver-side duobinary shaping technique, three sets of experiments have been carried out to verify the improved duobinary shaping scheme and meanwhile demonstrate the main features, including 5 ×112-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK) WDM transmission over a 25-GHz grid, single-channel 40-Gbaud PM-QPSK experiment, and 30-GHz-spaced 3 × 224-Gb/s PM 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation transmission.
Activation of PPARγ by Sartans (2006)

Abstract The physiological links between abnormalities in glucose regulation and blood pressure provide novel means to treat patients with the Metabolic Syndrome. In fact, recent data indicate that ATR 1 antagonists may also improve insulin resistance. We explored one proposed explanation for these effects, namely activation of the PPARγ nuclear hormone receptor. These studies should guide further efforts to develop agents to treat hypertension and insulin resistance. Drug Dev. Res. 67:579–581, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indirect coulometric titration of biological electron transport components (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndirect coulometric titration of biological electron transport componentsFred M. Hawkridge and Theodore. KuwanaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 7, 1021–1027Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60329a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60329a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma: a new target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease]. (2000)

PPARgamma agonist decreases the intensity of TNBS induced colitis through normalization of IL-1B and TNFalpha expression. PPARgamma agonists may be proposed as new therapeutic agents in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Streptomyces lividans as host for heterologous protein production (1993)

Streptomycetes are Gram-positive soil bacteria with a differentiated morphology. They are considered interesting candidates for the production of heterologous proteins for several reasons, including their efficient secretion mechanism by which the secreted proteins are localized into the culture supernatant. In view of this potential, this review article describes different aspects of gene expression and regulation in Streptomyces, and summarizes and discusses results obtained using Streptomyces lividans as host for secretion of heterologus proteins of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin.
Carbohydrate ligands for endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1. (1991)

The acute inflammatory response requires that circulating leukocytes bind to and penetrate the vascular wall to access the site of injury. Several receptors have been implicated in this interaction, including a family of putative carbohydrate-binding proteins. We report here the identification of an endogenous carbohydrate ligand for one of these receptors, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1). Radiolabeled COS cells transfected with a plasmid containing the cDNA for ELAM-1 were used as probes to screen glycolipids extracted from human leukocytes. COS cells transfected with this plasmid adhered to a subset of sialylated glycolipids resolved on TLC plates or adsorbed on polyvinyl chloride microtiter wells. Adhesion to these glycolipids required calcium but was not inhibited by heparin, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, or yeast phosphomannan. Monosaccharide composition, linkage analysis, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the glycolipids indicate that the ligands for ELAM-1 are terminally sialylated lactosylceramides with a variable number of N-acetyllactosamine repeats and at least one fucosylated N-acetylglucosamine residue.
Towards the creation of decellularized organ constructs using irreversible electroporation and active mechanical perfusion (2010)

This method is the first effort towards creating decellularized tissue scaffolds that could be used for organ transplantation using N-TIRE. In addition, it provides a versatile platform to study the effects of pulse parameters such as pulse length, repetition rate, and field strength on whole organ structures.
Novel protein kinases expressed in human breast cancer (1993)

The family of protein kinases includes many oncogenes and growth-factor receptors, as well as genes that are involved in cell-cycle regulation. We have identified protein kinases expressed in a human breast-cancer cell line, 600PEI, and a primary human breast carcinoma, using PCR cloning techniques based on consensus sequences in the kinase domain. Twenty-five different protein kinases were isolated, including 3 novel putative tyrosine kinases (designated TK1, TK2, and TK5), and 2 novel putative cell-cycle-associated serine/threonine kinases (designated STK1 and STK2). TK1 is a new member of the src family of kinases that is expressed predominantly in epithelial cells. TK2 is homologous to the receptor kinase, HEK, and TK5 appears to be another member of the JAK family of kinases. The novel serine/threonine kinases, designated STK1 and STK2, were homologous to the human cdc2 and the Aspergillus nimA genes. We subsequently analyzed the levels of expression of all of these protein kinases in a panel of human breast carcinomas, using PCR-based methods. This analysis revealed different expression profiles in different primary breast carcinomas and, therefore, may determine new molecular sub-sets of human breast cancer.
An efficient targeted nuclease strategy for high-resolution mapping of DNA binding sites (2017)

We describe Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), a chromatin profiling strategy in which antibody-targeted controlled cleavage by micrococcal nuclease releases specific protein-DNA complexes into the supernatant for paired-end DNA sequencing. Unlike Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which fragments and solubilizes total chromatin, CUT&RUN is performed in situ, allowing for both quantitative high-resolution chromatin mapping and probing of the local chromatin environment. When applied to yeast and human nuclei, CUT&RUN yielded precise transcription factor profiles while avoiding crosslinking and solubilization issues. CUT&RUN is simple to perform and is inherently robust, with extremely low backgrounds requiring only ~1/10th the sequencing depth as ChIP, making CUT&RUN especially cost-effective for transcription factor and chromatin profiling. When used in conjunction with native ChIP-seq and applied to human CTCF, CUT&RUN mapped directional long range contact sites at high resolution. We conclude that in situ mapping of protein-DNA interactions by CUT&RUN is an attractive alternative to ChIP-seq.
Voriconazole versus natamycin as primary treatment in fungal corneal ulcers (2010)

Topical 1% voriconazole was found to be safe and effective drug in primary management of fungal keratitis, its efficacy matching conventional natamycin. There was no added advantage of using topical 1% voriconazole over topical natamycin as primary treatment in fungal keratitis.
The structure of molten zinc chloride (1981)

The structure of molten ZnCl2 has been investigated by applying the technique of neutron diffraction to isotopically enriched samples. The three partial structure factors relating to Zn-Zn, Cl-Cl and Zn-Cl correlations have been successfully extracted from the experimental data. It is concluded that the correct structural description of the melt is in terms of Zn2+ and Cl- ions rather than the range of complex ionic species which have earlier been proposed. It is further shown that specific chemical bonding effects associated with the Zn-Cl interaction make a very minor contribution to the structure.
Biofuel Production from Catalytic Cracking of Palm Oil (2003)

Abstract Palm oil, a renewable source, has been cracked at atmospheric pressure, a reaction temperature of 450°C, and a weight hourly space velocity of 2.5 h−1 to produce biofuel in a fixed-bed microreactor. The reaction was carried out over microporous HZSM-5 zeolite, mesoporous MCM-41, and composite micromesoporous zeolite as catalysts in order to study the influence of catalyst pore size and acidity over biofuel production. The products obtained were gas, organic liquid product, water, and coke. The organic liquid product was composed of hydrocarbons corresponding to gasoline, kerosene, and diesel boiling point range. The maximum conversion of palm oil, 99 wt%, and gasoline yield of 48 wt% was obtained with composite micromesoporous zeolite. Keywords: palm oil catalytic cracking biofuel HZSM-5 micromesoporous composite zeolite
Optimization of an anti-HIV hairpin ribozyme by in vitro selection. (1993)

We have applied in vitro selection methods to achieve a large increase in the catalytic activity of a hairpin ribozyme targeted against a highly conserved 14-nucleotide sequence within HIV-1 pol RNA. The substrate specificity was changed by mutating 8 bases within the substrate-binding domain of the parental (-)sTRSV ribozyme. The resulting enzyme cleaved the HIV substrate specifically but with a 20-fold reduction in catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM). Following random mutagenesis, ribozymes with increased activity against the target sequence were selected through 10 rounds of in vitro selection. Selective pressure was increased by decreasing MgCl2 and spermidine concentrations, and reducing reaction time. Variant ribozymes with base substitutions A11-->G and U39-->C were selected in the population. These mutations were introduced singly and in combination into the trans-acting anti-HIV ribozyme. Each of the single-base substitutions significantly increased ribozyme activity, while the activity of double mutant was increased to nearly the level of the parental ribozyme. These findings demonstrate that in vitro selection is a powerful and efficient method to optimize ribozymes for the catalytic inactivation of targeted RNA molecules.
Expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in an in vivo model of endothelial activation. (1993)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin (or endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1) are inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules that play a role in the recruitment of leukocytes into sites of inflammation. Information about the spatial and temporal pattern of induced expression of these leukocyte adhesion molecules in vivo is limited. This study reports the expression profile of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in various mouse tissues after lipopolysaccharide administration. Using rat complementary DNA probes for VCAM-1 and E-selectin, Northern blot analysis showed a marked increase in transcript levels for both adhesion molecules in lung, heart, and kidney. Maximal transcript levels for both VCAM-1 and E-selectin were observed at 3-6 hours and declined to low, constitutive levels of expression at 48 hours. Consistent with the Northern blot results, immunoperoxidase analysis revealed focal endothelial cell expression of VCAM-1 in control animals. Following lipopolysaccharide administration, VCAM-1 expression increased dramatically in all vascular beds examined, although the response was heterogeneous. Widespread induced expression of VCAM-1 on cells other than vascular endothelium was not seen. Neither basal nor induced expression correlated with leukocyte adhesion. Signals other than the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules are required in vivo for leukocyte infiltration in this murine model of systemic endothelial activation.
Computerised paradigms for eliciting the contingent negative variation event-related potential (1992)

This paper describes instrumentation and paradigms used to investigate cognitive Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) in both visual and auditory modalities. The hardware comprises personal computer, data acquisition interface, together with a programmable sound generator (PSG) for the production of auditory stimuli, and triggering/timing of external visual display equipment. A number of computerised paradigms for recording contingent negative variation (CNV) activity are described, and sample waveforms are presented. Current uses and applications of this technology in psychophysiological and psychiatric research are outlined.
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by extracellular adherence protein of Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). A major hallmark of MS is the infiltration of T cells reactive against myelin components. T cell infiltration is mediated by the interaction of integrins of the beta1 and beta2 family expressed by lymphocytes with their endothelial counter-receptors, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, respectively. We have reported previously that extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus exerts antiinflammatory activities by interacting with ICAM-1 and blocking beta2-integrin-dependent neutrophil recruitment. Here, we report that Eap inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. In vitro, Eap reduced adhesion of peripheral blood T cells to immobilized ICAM-1 as well as their adhesion and transmigration of TNF-activated human endothelium under static and shear flow conditions. These inhibitory effects were corroborated in two mouse models of inflammation. In a delayed-type hypersensitivity model, both T cell infiltration and the corresponding tissue edema were significantly reduced by Eap. In addition, Eap administration prevented the development of EAE and markedly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS. Strikingly, intervention with Eap after the onset of EAE suppressed the disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that Eap represents an attractive treatment for autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS.
cDNA Cloning of Mouse Prolyl Endopeptidase and Its Involvement in DNA Synthesis by Swiss 3T3 Cells (1998)

A cDNA for mouse prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. The overall amino acid sequence identity between mouse and other mammalian PEPs was about 96%. A specific inhibitor of PEP, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-thioprolyl-thioprolinal- dimethylacetal (ZTTA), inhibited DNA synthesis by Swiss 3T3 cells. Mouse PEP was shown to be localized partly in restricted nuclear regions. These results suggest that PEP participates in mammalian DNA synthesis.
A 2-Bit, 24 dBm, Millimeter-Wave SOI CMOS Power-DAC Cell for Watt-Level High-Efficiency, Fully Digital m-ary QAM Transmitters (2013)

A high-efficiency, large output-power, mm-wave digital transmitter architecture is proposed for high data rate m-ary QAM transmission. Because it operates entirely in digital mode, without any matching networks, it is scalable in frequency up to at least 50 GHz and portable to future generations of CMOS technologies. It consists of n broadband mm-wave IQ power-DAC pairs directly modulated in amplitude and phase by 4 x n independent digital data streams. The output signals combine in free space to form a programmable ASK, BPSK, QPSK, and m-ary QAM mm-wave transmitter. Several proof-of-concept circuits with one DAC cell, and with one and two IQ pairs of DAC cells were fabricated in 45-nm SOI CMOS. Using a series-stacked differential output stage with four cascoded n-MOSFETs driven in saturation by a CMOS-inverter chain, each power-DAC cell demonstrates a 24.3 dBm output power with 21.3% drain efficiency and 14.6% PAE, at 45 GHz directly into 50-Ω loads. The peak drain efficiency is 30% at 22.5 dBm output power and 19.4% PAE. Experiments show 5-Gb/s BPSK, and simultaneous 2-Gb/s BPSK and 2-Gb/s ASK modulation per DAC cell in the 44-48 GHz range. Eye diagrams at 28 Gb/s further demonstrate the broadband operation of the DAC cell and its suitability as a large-swing NRZ modulator driver in fiberoptic links.
Alcoholism (1984)

After heart disease and cancer, alcoholism is America's third largest health problem; it affects 10 million people, costs $ 60 billion, and is implicated in 200 000 deaths annually. Alcohol is involved in 50% of deaths by motor vehicle and fire, 67% of murders, and 33% of suicides. It contributes to morbidity in certain malignancies and to many diseases of the endocrine, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The fetal alcohol syndrome occurs in a third of the infants born to women who drink more than 150 g of ethanol daily during pregnancy; another third of the infants become mentally retarded. The prevalence of alcoholism is lower in elderly than in middle-aged persons, but detection is difficult and vulnerability to harm is great in the elderly, due to both pharmacokinetic factors and increased tissue sensitivity. Alcohol and aging are additive in their harmful effects. Although modern medical treatment is helpful, alcoholics are frequently misdiagnosed and mismanaged by health professionals. Total abstinence from alcohol should be a primary goal of treatment.
Sustainability and Spread of Community-based Initiatives: A case study of Community Cares, a Children’s Hospital’s 16 year effort to serve its community (2016)

The sustainability and spread of innovations is often elusive, presenting continuous challenges to clinicians and healthcare leaders. Somewhere between 33 - 70% of all innovations are reportedly not sustained, and even fewer are spread beyond the original team, or to other units within an organization. In plain language, sustainability is defined as locking in progress, while continually building upon that foundation, while spread is the exchange of knowledge and experience to others beyond the original implementing team. The literature supports the concept that sustainability is both multi-dimensional and multi-factorial and has several characteristics and pre-conditions. Tax-exempt, not-for-profit organizations in the USA must provide measurable community benefits to the populations they seek to serve. Many of these community benefits take the form of locating necessary services closer to or directly within the communities being served in order to enhance access. A case study of a 16 year effort to provide a medical home-oriented primary care model to underserved children in Houston, Texas Children’s Pediatrics’ Community Cares, is presented as illustrative of such a community benefit. Many of the characteristics and preconditions essential to a model for sustainability and spread are highlighted and the Community Cares case study is discussed from the standpoint of this framework.
Generation and detection of orbital angular momentum via metasurface (2016)

Beams carrying orbital angular momentum possess a significant potential for modern optical technologies ranging from classical and quantum communication to optical manipulation. In this paper, we theoretically design and experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact array of elliptical nanoholes, which could convert the circularly polarized light into the cross-polarized vortex beam. To measure the topological charges of orbital angular momentum in a simple manner, another elliptical nanoholes array is designed to generate reference beam as a reference light. This approach may provide a new way for the generation and detection of orbital angular momentum in a compact device.
Fast-scanning atomic force microscopy reveals the molecular mechanism of DNA cleavage by ApaI endonuclease (2006)

Newly developed fast-scanning atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows the dissection of molecular events such as DNA-enzyme reactions at the single-molecule level. With this novel technology, a model is proposed of the DNA cleavage reaction by a type IIP restriction endonuclease ApaI. Detailed analyses revealed that ApaI bound to DNA as a dimer and slid along DNA in a one-dimensional diffusion manner. When it encountered a specific DNA sequence, the enzyme halted for a moment to digest the DNA. Immediately after digestion, the ApaI dimer separated into two monomers, each of which remained on the DNA end and then dissociated from the DNA end. Thus, fast-scanning AFM is a powerful tool to aid the understanding of protein structures and dynamics in biological reactions at the single-molecule level in sub-seconds.
The effects of ophthalmic drugs, vehicles, and preservatives on corneal epithelium: a scanning electron microscope study. (1976)

Scanning electron microscopy was found to be of considerable use in evaluating the effects of various commonly used drugs, vehicles, and preservatives on the corneal surface. Of the preparations tested 0.3 per cent gentamicin caused many central cellular microvilli to stand up prominently. Moderate losses of peripheral microvilli, with mild superficial cellular desquamation was noted with 0.25 per cent phospholine iodide, 2 per cent pilocarpine, 2 per cent fluorescein, and Fluor-I-Strip. The top layer of epithelial cells desquamated with 4 per cent cocaine or neopolycin treatment. The top two layers of cells were lost when 0.01 per cent benzalkonium chloride was instilled. When cell death occurred severe membrane disruption was accompanied by loss of microvilli and rupture of intercellular tight junctions. These studies show that the cytotoxicity of topical ocular preparations can be tested in an in vivo model and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.