gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell growth on collagen: a review of tissue engineering using scaffolds containing extracellular matrix. (1992)

Collagen has been used as a substrate for growth of cells derived from skin and cardiovascular tissue. Experimental results reported in the literature suggest that cell differentiation and orientation is enhanced in the presence of collagen. Extensive progress in cultivation of autogenous and allogeneic cells in vitro on collagen has led to advances in the transplantation of cultured materials. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature regarding cell culture on collagen substrates and to analyze the state of knowledge concerning the long-term effects. In the area of skin, long-term replacement of tissue has been studied extensively. Progress in this area has led to the development of technologies that will be used in the future for producing replacements for a wide variety of tissues and organs.
Clinical correlates of anorexia nervosa subtypes. (1996)

Results are discussed in relation to the results of past research as well as historical fluctuation in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa subtypes. We propose that subtyping may be less useful than consideration of eating disorder symptoms along continua.
Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-Out on the Proteolysis of Blood–Brain Barrier and White Matter Components after Cerebral Ischemia (2001)

Deleterious processes of extracellular proteolysis may contribute to the progression of tissue damage after acute brain injury. We recently showed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) knock-out mice were protected against ischemic and traumatic brain injury. In this study, we examined the mechanisms involved by focusing on relevant MMP-9 substrates in blood-brain barrier, matrix, and white matter. MMP-9 knock-out and wild-type mice were subjected to transient focal ischemia. MMP-9 levels increased after ischemia in wild-type brain, with expression primarily present in vascular endothelium. Western blots showed that the blood-brain barrier-associated protein and MMP-9 substrate zonae occludens-1 was degraded after ischemia, but this was reduced in knock-out mice. There were no detectable changes in another blood-brain barrier-associated protein, occludin. Correspondingly, blood-brain barrier disruption assessed via Evans Blue leakage was significantly attenuated in MMP-9 knock-out mice compared with wild types. In white matter, ischemic degradation of the MMP-9 substrate myelin basic protein was significantly reduced in knock-out mice compared with wild types, whereas there was no degradation of other myelin proteins that are not MMP substrates (proteolipid protein and DM20). There were no detectable changes in the ubiquitous structural protein actin or the extracellular matrix protein laminin. Finally, 24 hr lesion volumes were significantly reduced in knock-out mice compared with wild types. These data demonstrate that the protective effects of MMP-9 gene knock-out after transient focal ischemia may be mediated by reduced proteolytic degradation of critical blood-brain barrier and white matter components.
Automatic QOE Prediction in Stereoscopic Videos (2012)

In this paper, we propose a method for automatic quality of experience (QoE) prediction in stereoscopic videos. QoE, though embodying the subjective measures of the end user's perceived quality, can be expressed in relation to some quality of service (QoS) parameters. Having information on content types in modelling QoE-QoS interactions is advantageous as videos with the same QoS parameters may have different subjective scores due to different content types. Consequently, using content clustering with the help of spatio-temporal activities within depth layers, QoE predictor is designed per each content cluster utilising full reference (FR) and no reference (NR) metrics. Finally, the performance of the proposed QoE prediction algorithm is evaluated extensively and the overall measure of success value equal to 95.4% is achieved for the test sequences. This model can be applied for QoE control in video provisioning systems.
Monitoring patients treated with anti-TNF- biopharmaceuticals: assessing serum infliximab and anti-infliximab antibodies (2007)

Specific and neutralizing anti-infliximab antibodies develop in RA patients treated with infliximab, and that low trough levels of functional infliximab are associated with the presence of such antibodies. The most sensitive antibody assay involved binding to soluble and intact infliximab. Assessments of bioavailability and immunogenicity of anti-TNF biologicals may be used to optimize dose regimens and prevent prolonged use of inadequate therapy.
Theory of microphase separation in block copolymer solutions (1989)

Microphase separation in semidilute solutions of block copolymers in nonselective good solvent is analyzed. The swelling due to the presence of solvent is taken into account. The solvent effects on the thermodynamics in the disordered region and in the ordered region in the weak segregation limit are discussed. It is found that the concentration of block copolymer at the microphase separation transition scales as N−0.62 in good solvents and as N−1/2 in Φ solvents. In the asymptotic semidilute regime in good solvents, the coexistence curve at the microphase separation transition is negligible, and the transition scales as (χ′AB φ1.61N)t ∼constant, where the constant is determined by the relative composition of the blocks in the block copolymer and χAB is proportional to the usual Flory interaction parameter.
Overview of the IL‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity (2017)

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
An antibiotic regimen for the treatment of active Crohn's disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial of metronidazole plus ciprofloxacin. (1996)

metronidazole and ciprofloxacin could be an alternative to steroids in treating the acute phase of CD.
CD45R as a primary signal transducer stimulating IL-2 and IL-2R mRNA synthesis by CD3-4-8- thymocytes. (1989)

CD45R is a high molecular weight (p205/220) form of a series of transmembrane glycoproteins, collectively known as CD45 and present in some form on all lymphoid cells. We have proposed that CD45R+ thymocytes, a minority (15 to 30%) of total thymocytes, represent the generative thymic lineage whereas CD45 p180+ thymocytes are destined for intrathymic death. To test this hypothesis, we prepared human thymus fractions enriched for the expression of CD45R by exhaustive depletion of CD45 p180+ cells, as well as progenitor CD3-4-8- "multinegative" thymocytes which are predominantly CD45R+. Northern analysis of RNA extracted from CD45 p180- and multinegative thymus fractions demonstrated that these populations are enriched for cells able to synthesize mRNA encoding IL-2 and IL-2R after mitogenic stimulation, as compared to unfractionated thymus, consistent with the properties expected for generative thymocytes. Postulating that the CD45R glycoprotein might represent an important signal delivery molecule, we analyzed the ability of mAb specific for CD45 epitopes to synergize with suboptimal amounts of PHA and PMA in the stimulation of IL-2 mRNA production by multinegative thymocytes. We found that CD45R-specific mAb synergizes strongly with PHA/PMA to stimulate IL-2 and IL-2R mRNA expression. In contrast, mAb to CD45 common determinants were unable to synergize. Multinegative thymocytes depleted of all CD45 p180+ cells were compared to total multinegative cells and found to synthesize fourfold greater levels of IL-2 mRNA after stimulation with anti-CD45R mAb. This CD45 p180- multinegative subset is enriched for cells expressing a high density of CD45R, and for CD45- thymus cells, suggesting a possible enrichment for nonlymphoid cells which may play a role in the stimulation process. Our results suggest that the extended amino acid insert of CD45R plays a fundamental role in transmembrane signalling, and that CD45R may be a primary signal transducer for developing thymic progenitor cells.
Australian early childhood milieu: Teacher challenges in promoting children's language and thinking (2001)

SUMMARY The mental, social and emotional worlds of Australian children and families present particular challenges to early childhood teachers engaged in progressing child language and thinking. Teacher knowledge of family lifestyles and culture, and the ways in which children construe events is fundamental to the provision of sensitive, effective learning experiences. Early childhood teachers' efforts to link the social and educational worlds of families impact directly on how the children and families take part in formal educational activity. Although teachers espouse the rhetoric of good practice, they face significant challenges in translating this rhetoric into behaviour that ensures high quality outcomes for all children. Some Australian research suggests that early childhood teacher beliefs about good practice and teachers classroom behaviours need re-appraisal if the notion of ‘children as competent learners’ is to drive classroom action and be relevant to all students. Indeed, some of the communicative contexts established in early years classes appear to contraindicate successful outcomes for child thought and expression and do little to enhance children's social, intellectual and intrapersonal competence. The paper explores the context of the Australian child by reviewing contemporary research and reporting findings from several studies conducted in Western Australia. One study provides valuable insights into the health and well being of children in both family and school contexts. Two further studies investigated the early years classes from the perspective of children as they co-constructed their understandings with significant others. The paper describes the interactions played out in classrooms as well as the impact of these interactions on learners. In addition, the paper reviews current literature and research on quality assurance and best practice as it relates to the role of teacher in enhancing child thought and language. Strategies for increasing teacher effectiveness in developing child language and thinking are also explored.
Analysis of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase in Arabidopsis Seedlings (Coordinate Regulation with Chalcone Synthase and Chalcone Isomerase) (1996)

A genomic clone encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence is 72 to 94% identical to all previously reported F3H proteins. Low-stringency DNA blot analysis indicated that F3H is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis. The F3H locus was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 3 and therefore does not correspond to any of the 13 flavonoid-deficient transparent testa mutants for which a map position is known. Analysis of gene expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to white light and in two putative regulatory mutants, ttg and tt8, demonstrated that the Arabidopsis F3H gene is coordinately expressed with chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerases is seedlings, whereas dihydroflavonol reductase expression is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms. The F3H gene may represent a pivotal point in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis because its expression is coordinated with different subsets of genes in different plant species.
A Channel Estimation Method for MIMO-OFDM Systems (2002)

This paper proposes a simple and efficient method for MIMO-OFDM channel estimation using parameters similar to HIPERLAN/2. Both preamble and pilot structures are compared in a 2 transmit-2 receive Space Frequency Trellis Coded system and the Mean Squared Error is used as a metric for comparing the results. It is shown, via simulation, that the proposed methods incur a maximum loss of approximately 1 to 1.5dB as compared to perfect channel knowledge.
Exclusive simulation of activity in digital networks (1969)

A technique for simulating the detailed logic networks of large and active digital systems is described. Essential objectives sought are improved ease and economy in model generation, economy in execution time and space, and a facility for handling simultaneous activities. The main results obtained are a clear and useful separation of structural and behavioral model description, a reduction of manual tasks in converting Boolean logic into a structural model, the elimination of manual processes in achieving exclusive simulation of activity, an event-scheduling technique which does not deteriorate in economy as the event queue grows in length, and a simulation procedure which deals effectively with any mixture of serial and simultaneous activities. The passage of time is simulated in a precise, quantitative fashion, and systems to be simulated may be combinations of synchronous and asynchronous logic. Certain aspects of the techniques described may be used for the simulation of network structures other than digital networks.
Genetic Architecture of Hsp90-Dependent Drug Resistance (2006)

Hsp90 potentiates the evolution of azole resistance in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans via calcineurin. Here, we explored effectors downstream of calcineurin regulating this Hsp90-dependent trait. Using S. cerevisiae erg3 mutants as a model, we determined that both Crz1 and Hph1 modulate azole resistance.
Intravenous Iron-dextrin in Iron-deficiency Anaemia (1961)

BmDICsOHRi_ 279 animal experiments. The clinical importance of this observation, however, has still to be elucidated. Lundin (1961), using the same technique as Richmond (1959), has confirmed this action of iron-dextran. After iron- sorbitol, on the contrary, no sarcoma developed. Summary A preparation containing an iron-sorbitol-citric-acid complex (" jectofer ") and intended for intramuscular injection has been studied from the aspects of tolerance and therapeutic effect in 39 cases. Comparisons are drawn with iron-dextran (" imferon ") (34 cases). The clinical tolerance for the iron-sorbitol complex was good, and only mild local side-effects were noted. The therapeutic result was satisfactory, and in patients with an Hb concentration of less than 8 g./100 ml. blood the increase in the Hb level was 3.8 g./100 ml. for the ironsorbitol group and 3.9 g./100 ml. for the iron-dextran group. This corresponds approximately to a 60% utilization of the iron in the preparation. About 30% of the dose administered is excreted in the urine without producing any noticeable effect on the renal function.
Exploring the Etiology of Alzheimer Disease Using Molecular Genetics (1997)

Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, exists in both familial and sporadic forms. Genetic studies have led to the identification of 3 genes, β-amyloid precursor protein (<i>APP</i>), presenilin-1 (<i>PS1</i>), and presenilin-2 (<i>PS2</i>), which, when mutated, can cause familial forms of AD. Mutations in each of these genes result in elevated levels of Aβ42/43, a proteolytic processing fragment of<i>APP</i>that is deposited in brains of AD patients. Transgenic mice carrying AD-causing mutations in<i>APP</i>develop spontaneous agerelated β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and memory impairment. Genetic linkage and association studies have also shown that the ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) gene increases risk for AD in a dose-dependent manner in both familial and sporadic forms of AD and may account for as much as 50% of the attributable risk.<i>APOE</i>genotyping may be useful both as an adjunct to diagnosis and in identifying patient groups for therapeutic intervention. While the biological basis for the association of<i>APOE</i>ϵ4 with AD is not known, age of onset and Aβ deposition are positively correlated with ϵ4 allele dosage in some cases, suggesting that this risk may also be mediated directly or indirectly through Aβ. Because 50% of AD cases have no<i>APOE</i>ϵ4 alleles and families showing mendelian inheritance of AD exist in whom there are no mutations in any of the<i>APP, PS1</i>, or<i>PS2</i>genes, it is likely that there are additional AD risk factors, both genetic and environmental, still to be identified.
Blue phosphorescent iridium(iii) complexes containing carbazole-functionalized phenylpyridine for organic light-emitting diodes: energy transfer from carbazolyl moieties to iridium(iii) cores (2011)

By introducing a hexylcarbazolyl substituent into a phenylpyridine-based ligand, a Förster energy transfer from the carbazole moieties to the Ir(III) cores was observed in the heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes, resulting in an enhancement of luminescent efficiency. The phosphorescent OLED gave CIE coordinates of (0.21, 0.55) with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.16%.
Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells: Toward a Better Understanding of Their Biology? (2010)

The adult bone marrow has been generally considered to be composed of hematopoietic tissue and the associated supporting stroma. Within the latter compartment, a subset of cells with multipotent differentiation capacity exists, usually referred to as mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells can easily be expanded ex vivo and induced to differentiate into several cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Up to now, mesenchymal stem cells have gained wide popularity. Despite the rapid growth in this field, irritations remain with respect to the defining characteristics of these cells, including their differentiation potency, self-renewal and in vivo properties. As a consequence, there is a growing tendency to challenge the term mesenchymal stem cell, especially with respect to the stem cell characteristics. Here, we revisit the experimental origins of mesenchymal stem cells, their classical differentiation capacity into mesodermal lineages and their immunophenotype in order to assess their stemness and function. Based on these essentials, it has to be revisited if the designation as a stem cell remains an appropriate term.
Cell-Mediated Immune Predictors of Vaccine Effect on Viral Load and CD4 Count in a Phase 2 Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine Clinical Trial (2017)

These exploratory analyses highlight the potential value of investigating biomarkers in T-cell proliferation supernatants for VE in clinical studies.
Carbon Nanotube Wiring of Electrodes for High-Rate Lithium Batteries Using an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Precursor as Dispersant and Binder: A Case Study on Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles (2011)

To meet the energy and power demands of lithium-based batteries, numerous nanostructured and -decorated material prototypes have been proposed. In particular for insulating electrodes, a decrease of grain size coupled with wiring by a conductive phase is quite effective in improving the electroactivity. In this work, we report a novel electron-wiring method using single-wall carbon nanotubes in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid precursor, which enables them to be well disentangled and dispersed, even unzipped. As a case study, in situ formed iron fluoride nanoparticles (∼10 nm) are collected into micrometer-sized aggregates after wiring of merely 5 wt % carbon nanotubes in weight. These composite materials act as cathodes and exhibit a remarkable improvement of capacity and rate performances (e.g., 220 mAh/g at 0.1C and 80 mAh/g at 10C) due to the construction of mixed conductive networks. Therein, the ionic liquid remainder also serves as an in situ binder to generate a nanographene-coated fluoride, which can even run well without the addition of extra conductive carbon and binder. This nanotechnological procedure based on an ionic liquid succeeds without applying high temperature and pressure and is a significant step forward in developing high-power lithium batteries.
Differential cellular and subcellular expression of the human multifunctional apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE/ref-1) DNA repair enzyme. (1995)

The multifunctional mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) is responsible for the repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA. In addition, this enzyme has been shown to function as a redox factor facilitating the DNA-binding capability of JUN and FOS, as well as numerous other transcription factors through the alteration of the transcription factor redox state. Biochemical studies of organ homogenates have shown that APE is present in the different tissues studied at similar concentrations. The present study examines the immunohistochemical distribution of APE in several organs and demonstrates new and unexpected patterns of cellular and subcellular localization of this enzyme. In the hippocampus, the APE protein was highly expressed in neurons of the dentate gyrus and regions CA3 and CA4, and unexpectedly, the staining was primarily cytoplasmic. AP endonuclease immunoreactivity in the cerebellum was found in the granule and Purkinje cells, both cytoplasmic and nuclear. APE staining of the hypoglossal nucleus of the brainstem, where motor neurons that control tongue movement reside, showed reactivity in the cytoplasmic Nissl substance. Skin, liver, and duodenum demonstrated nuclear staining; however, in the duodenum, only the enterocyte nuclei of the proximal villus and the crypts of Lieberkuhn were stained, with no staining of the distal villus. These results suggest that APE has different regulatory and functional roles in different cells and organs of the body. This study shows the importance of correlating in vitro findings in tissue culture cells with the organism as a whole. The cytoplasmic staining seen in parts of the brain and in liver suggests that there may be additional functions for the APE yet to be described.
Mitochondrial Fragmentation Mediates MPP+ Toxicity in Neurons: Implications for Parkinson's Disease (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
The Role of the Osteoconductive Scaffold in Synthetic Bone Graft (2002)

Autogenous bone is regarded as the gold standard for bone graft materials as it provides 3 elements necessary to generate and maintain bone: scaffolding for osteoconduction, growth factors for osteoinduction, and progenitor cells for osteogenesis. Allograft is more limited than autograft in these essential elements and yields more variable clinical results. Composite synthetic grafts offer an alternative that can potentially unite the 3 salient bone-forming properties in more controlled and effective combinations than can be obtained in many clinical situations, without the disadvantages found with autograft. This article examines the underemphasized but crucial role of the osteoconductive scaffold in the composite synthetic bone graft.