gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Expression of the mRNA Encoding a Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor, FGF-18 (1998)

We isolated the cDNA encoding a novel member (207 amino acids) of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family from rat embryos. Because this protein is the 18th documented member of the FGF family, we tentatively termed it FGF-18. We have also determined mouse and human FGF-18 with high amino acid identity (99.5 and 99.0%) to rat FGF-18, respectively. Among FGF family members, FGF-18 is most similar (52.7% amino acid identity) to FGF-8 and FGF-17. FGF-18 has a typical signal sequence at its amino terminus. Recombinant rat FGF-18, which was efficiently secreted by High Five insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus containing the cDNA, induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. The expression of FGF-18 mRNA was examined in adult rat tissues and embryos by Northern blotting analysis and in situ hybridization. FGF-18 mRNA of approximately 2. 7 kilobases was preferentially detected in the lung among adult rat tissues examined. In rat embryos, FGF-18 mRNA was detected in several discrete regions at embryonic days 14.5 and 19.5 but not at E10.5. The temporal and spatial patterns of FGF-18 mRNA expression in embryos are quite different from those of FGF-8 and FGF-17 mRNAs reported. The present results indicate that FGF-18 is a unique secreted signaling molecule in the adult lung and developing tissues.
T7 RNA polymerase-dependent expression of COXII in yeast mitochondria. (1994)

An in vivo expression system has been developed for controlling the transcription of individual genes in the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7Pol), fused to the COXIV mitchondrial import peptide and expressed under the control of either the GAL1 or the ADH1 promoter, efficiently transcribes a target gene, T7-COX2, in the mitochondrial genome. Cells bearing the T7-COX2 gene, but lacking wild-type COX2, require T7Pol for respiration. Functional expression of T7-COX2 is completely dependent on the COX2-specific translational activator Pet111p, despite additional nucleotides at the 5' end of the T7-COX2 transcript. Expression of mitochondrion-targeted T7Pol at high levels from the GAL1 promoter has no detectable effect on mitochondrial function in rho+ cells lacking the T7-COX2 target gene, but in cells with T7-COX2 integrated into the mitochondrial genome, an equivalent level of T7Pol expression causes severe respiratory deficiency. In comparison with wild-type COX2 expression, steady-state levels of T7-COX2 mRNA increase fivefold when transcription is driven by T7Pol expressed from the ADH1 promoter, yet COXII protein levels and cellular respiration rates decrease by about 50%. This discoordinate expression of mRNA and protein provides additional evidence for posttranscriptional control of COX2 expression.
Effects of Interleukin-12 on the Immune Response to a Multipeptide Vaccine for Resected Metastatic Melanoma (2001)

These data suggest a significant proportion of patients with resected melanoma mount an antigen-specific immune response against a peptide vaccine and indicate that IL-12 may increase the immune response and supporting further development of IL-12 as a vaccine adjuvant.
The N-end rule: functions, mysteries, uses. (1996)

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. Similar but distinct versions of the N-end rule operate in all organisms examined, from mammals to fungi and bacteria. In eukaryotes, the N-end rule pathway is a part of the ubiquitin system. I discuss the mechanisms and functions of this pathway, and consider its applications.
Comparative Permeability of Some Acyclovir Derivatives Through Native Mucus and Crude Mucin Dispersions (2001)

The permeability of some guanine derivatives (acyclovir [ACV], deoxyacyclovir [DCV], and their N-acetyl congeners) through native porcine mucus and crude porcine mucin dispersions (30% and 50% w/v) was investigated in two-compartment dialysis cells. High correlation between apparent permeability coefficients Papp of tested substances determined in these two models was observed, although the examined compounds permeated faster through the native mucus. It was also established that Papp values decrease with increasing hydrophilicity and molecular mass of the tested substances. Furthermore, the influence of some substances that affect mucus structure (cysteine, N-acetylcysteine [NCY], sodium taurocholate [ST], and sodium chloride) on the permeation rate of the examined compounds through mucus and mucin dispersions was examined. It was shown that the Papp values of guanine derivatives were generally lower after the addition of these substances to the native mucus and mucin dispersions, although the lowering effect was more pronounced in the case of native mucus.
Neurogenic factors and hypertension in chronic renal failure. (1997)

The association between hypertension and chronic renal disease is well recognized. Various factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in chronic renal failure. Those include sodium retention and volume expansion, and increased activity of vasoconstrictors, such as the renin-angiotensin system. More recently, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system has emerged as a leading factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension in these patients. We have used the model of 5/6 nephrectomized rats to study the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of this form of hypertension. We have shown greater norepinephrine turnover rate in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei and locus coeruleus of CRF than control rats. Dorsal rhizotomy prevented the rise in blood pressure and the increase in NE turnover rate in the posterior hypothalamus and the locus coeruleus. An acute injury to the kidney produced by intrarenal injection of phenol, causes an immediate rise in blood pressure and in NE secretion from the posterior hypothalamus, that can be prevented by renal denervation. Dorsal rhizotomy prevented the development of hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure. The studies suggest that afferent impulses from the kidney to central integrative structures in the brain may be responsible for the rise in blood pressure in chronic renal failure.
Photopatterned Hydrosilylation on Porous Silicon (1998)

By illumination with white light porous silicon surfaces can be functionalized with alkynes and alkenes (see scheme). The hydrosilylation reactions are very simple to perform and lead to stable, patterned surfaces. This methodology opens new opportunities in the technological applications of porous silicon in both integrated circuits and sensors.
Neutrophil CD64 is an improved indicator of infection or sepsis in emergency department patients. (2006)

Neutrophil CD64 expression quantitation provides improved diagnostic detection of infection/sepsis compared with the standard diagnostic tests used in current medical practice.
Silyl celluloses: A new class of soluble cellulose derivatives (1969)

Abstract Two general methods for the silylation of cellulose have been developed. Silyl amides undergo silyl—proton exchange reactions with cellulose in polar solvents leading to displacement of 80–90% of the hydroxyl protons by silyl groups. The same products are obtained by reaction of the corresponding chlorosilanes with cellulose in pyridine; however, di‐ and trifunctional impurities present in commercial chlorosilanes have to be removed by scavenging with a carbohydrate in order to avoid crosslinking. Cellulose derivatives with trimethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, methyldiphenylsilyl, and γ‐cyanopropyldimethylsilyl substituents have been prepared by both methods. The properties of the new soluble polymers are largely dependent on the nature of the silyl substituents. The silyl celluloses exhibit a relatively high degree of hydrolytic stability; methyldiphenylsilyl cellulose is hydrolytically stable even under severe conditions.
Preventive and therapeutic effect of tumor derived heat shock protein, gp96, in an experimental prostate cancer model. (1999)

Tumor-derived purified heat shock protein (HSP), gp96, has tumor protective effect in a number of experimental cancers that include fibrosarcoma, hepatoma, and spindle cell carcinoma. The rationale for using gp96 as a vaccinating agent stems from the discovery that HSPs, including gp96, chaperone antigenic peptides for eventual recognition and elicitation of an immune response. The immune response generated by the HSP-peptide complex is specific to the tumor from which they are derived. The long-term objective of our studies is to develop a vaccine for primary and metastatic prostate cancer using tumor-derived HSPs. In the present study, we report our results on the tumor protective effect of irradiated Dunning G cells, or purified preparations of g96-peptide complexes as a tumor vaccine. Tumor incidence, latency, and tumor growth were the end points of measurement. Tumor bearing Copenhagen rats, made free of disease by surgical resection of the tumors resisted a fresh challenge of live Dunning G tumor cells. Vaccination with irradiated whole cells failed to elicit any resistance to tumor growth. Vaccination with Dunning G derived purified gp96-peptide complexes delayed both incidence and growth of Dunning G induced tumors. Inhibition of tumor growth was observed when gp96 was administered after tumor induction. Our data suggests that tumor derived gp96-peptide complexes can be used as an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent even in poorly immunogenic cancer such as prostate cancer. Further investigations will determine specificity of action and define the immunological determinants and experimental conditions for its optimal activity.
Web-scale computer vision using MapReduce for multimedia data mining (2010)

This work explores computer vision applications of the MapReduce framework that are relevant to the data mining community. An overview of MapReduce and common design patterns are provided for those with limited MapReduce background. We discuss both the high level theory and the low level implementation for several computer vision algorithms: classifier training, sliding windows, clustering, bag-of-features, background subtraction, and image registration. Experimental results for the k-means clustering and single Gaussian background subtraction algorithms are performed on a 410 node Hadoop cluster.
Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B genotypes and central nervous system disease in AIDS patients (2003)

To investigate any association between cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (CMV gB) subtypes and central nervous system (CNS) disease in AIDS patients, proportions of different gB genotypes detected in AIDS patients with CNS disease were compared with the gB genotypes detected in AIDS patients with no neurological disorder. The patients were matched by CD4+ cell counts. CMV was detected by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from AIDS patients with CNS disease and from urine and saliva samples obtained from AIDS patients without CNS disease. CMV strains obtained were digested by restriction enzymes HinffI and RsaI to classify the genotypes. The CMV gB genotype was determined in 26 CSF samples. Of these, 11/26 (42.3%) typed as gB group 1, seven (26.9%) as gB2, four (15.4%) as gB3, and four (15.4%) as gB4. The CMV gB genotype frequency distribution in the 42 AIDS patients without CNS disease showed that 18/42 (42.8%) were classified as gB group 1, 10 (23.8%) as gB2, seven (16.6%) as gB3, and seven (16.6%) as gB4. In the present study, no association was found between CMV gB genotypes and CMV-related central nervous system disease.
[Current methods of radiation therapy in patients with prostatic cancer: subtotal body radiation, local hyperthermia]. (1999)

The paper deals with the preliminary data of treatment of patients with prostatic cancer by using unconventional methods of radiation therapy (RT), such as subtotal radiation of the body (STRB) and thermoradiation treatment (TRT). Out of 72 patients receiving RT, 16 and 8 had STRB and TRT, respectively. Systemic and local drug therapies were made to prevent radiation reactions and injuries. In all cases, STRB and TRT showed a significant objective and subjective effect. To evaluate the long-term results of treatment needs further studies.
Glycoconjugate vaccines: future combinations. (1996)

There is a large and growing base of knowledge about the protective immune response to encapsulated bacterial pathogens. This information is a clear advantage to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. It is well understood for such pathogens as Haemophilus b, pneumococcus, meningococcus and group b streptococcus that the induction of a functional anti-saccharide antibody response is likely to be protective. The most important question for glycoconjugate vaccines is the magnitude of the response required for protection. Even after extensive field trials with Haemophilus b vaccines, there is not a precise antibody correlate of immunity. In fact, cited values still rely on older studies with polysaccharide vaccine [11]. For that reason, vaccine such as the multivalent pneumococcal formulations will require field trials to measure their efficacy and hopefully determine the appropriate correlates of immunity. However, the addition of new serotypes into a multivalent pneumococcal formulation after efficacy trials are completed will probably have to be based on antibody correlates since it will not be possible to do efficacy studies on individual serotypes especially since they will have low prevalence. A similar dilemma may be faced with a vaccine for the group C meningococcus where the low disease incidence will make efficacy studies difficult. As was the case with mixing DTP and Hib vaccines, in the future combinations of effective antigens will continue to rely on comparative immunogenicity studies to ensure efficacy. It is clear that the immune system is capable of responding to a diversity of antigens simultaneously. However, it is also clear that vaccine components can interfere with each other and this interference is not necessarily predictable [12]. The ability to measure the stability of each of the components of a combined product reliably will become even more critical as the complexity of the mixtures increases.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Gene Amplification in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular Analysis of the IDEAL/INTACT Gefitinib Trials (2005)

EGFR mutations and, to a lesser extent, amplification appear to identify distinct subsets of NSCLC with an increased response to gefitinib. The combination of gefitinib with chemotherapy does not improve survival in patients with these molecular markers.
Hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Insights into the virus and the disease (1995)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a noncytopathic, enveloped virus with a circular double-stranded DNA genome that causes acute and chronic necroinflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.'HBV infection acquired in adult life is often clinically inapparent, and most acutely infected adults recover completely from the disease and clear the virus.Rarely, however, the acute liver disease may be so severe that the patient dies of fulminant hepatitis.A small fraction, perhaps up to 5%, of acutely infected adults become persistently infected by the virus and develop chronic liver disease of varying severity.Neonatally transmitted HBV infection, however, is rarely cleared, and more than 90% of such children become chronically infected.Because HBV is commonly spread from infected mother to newborn infant in highly populated areas of Africa and Asia, several hundred million people throughout the world are persistently infected by HBV for most of their lives and suffer varying degrees of chronic liver disease, which greatly increases their risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Indeed, the risk of HCC is increased 100fold in patients with chronic hepatitis, and the lifetime risk of HCC in males infected at birth approaches 40%.2Accordingly, a large fraction of the world's population suffers from and dies of these late complications of HBV infection.It is generally thought that HBV is not directly cytopathic for the hepatocyte but that the associated liver diseases are caused by the immune response to viral antigens expressed by infected hepatocytes.HBV-in-
A new multilevel coding method using error-correcting codes (1977)

A new multilevel coding method that uses several error-correcting codes is proposed. The transmission symbols are constructed by combining symbols of codewords of these codes. Usually, these codes are binary error-correcting codes and have different error-correcting capabilities. For various channels, efficient systems can be obtained by choosing these codes appropriately. Encoding and decoding procedures for this method are relatively simple compared with those of other multilevel coding methods. In addition, this method makes effective use of soft-decisions to improve the performance of decoding. The decoding error probability is analyzed for multiphase modulation, and numerical comparisons to other multilevel coding systems are made. When equally complex systems are compared, the new system is superior to other multilevel coding systems.
Impaired Prion Replication in Spleens of Mice Lacking Functional Follicular Dendritic Cells (2000)

In scrapie-infected mice, prions are found associated with splenic but not circulating B and T lymphocytes and in the stroma, which contains follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Formation and maintenance of mature FDCs require the presence of B cells expressing membrane-bound lymphotoxin-alpha/beta. Treatment of mice with soluble lymphotoxin-beta receptor results in the disappearance of mature FDCs from the spleen. We show that this treatment abolishes splenic prion accumulation and retards neuroinvasion after intraperitoneal scrapie inoculation. These data provide evidence that FDCs are the principal sites for prion replication in the spleen.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON RHEOLOGY BEHAVIOUR OF BANANA PEEL PECTIN EXTRACTED USING HOT COMPRESSED WATER (2018)

Banana peel pectin is extracted from banana peel waste using a hot compressed water extraction (140-160°C, 5 minutes, 1.18 mm particle size). Physicochemical contents of banana peel pectin were found to be in a similar range with commercial pectin, and is comprised of moisture (7.44-8.47%), ash (3.45-4.98%), protein (1.08-1.92%), fat (0.04-3.42), carbohydrate (83-86%), total sugar (1.77-3.41%), energy (353-369 kcal/100g) and specific heat (1.42-1.62 kJ/kg°C). These contents possibly related to their flow deformation of rheological behaviour. Regression analysis displayed good agreements in all models applied, apart from the Casson Model. Flow behaviour indices, n&lt;1 and decreasing of apparent viscosity within increasing of shear rate indicates that banana peel pectin has excellent shear thinning behaviour with a presence of yield stress.
Assembly of gag-beta-galactosidase proteins into retrovirus particles (1990)

We studied the expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and 15 gag-beta-gal fusion proteins in the presence of Moloney murine leukemia virus wild-type core (gag) proteins. Analysis indicated that proteins retaining the amino-terminal portion of gag through the capsid protein-coding region were incorporated into retrovirus particles. Proteins which deleted portions of the capsid protein were assembled into virions at low efficiency, indicating the importance of capsid protein interactions in retrovirus assembly. Fusion proteins which retained the amino-terminal matrix protein of the gag polyprotein but which lacked the capsid protein were released efficiently from cells in a nonviral form. The nonviral form was characterized by a high sedimentation coefficient and a low density, suggestive of membrane vesicles. While beta-gal was present in the cytoplasm of expressing cells, all fusion constructs were associated with cellular membranes. gag-beta-gal proteins which were capable of release from cells demonstrated a two-component immunofluorescence staining pattern consisting of a circle of fluorescence around the nucleus and a punctate pattern of staining throughout the remainder of the cell. Interestingly, fusions within the matrix protein were trapped intracellularly and yielded distinct perinuclear staining patterns, possibly localizing to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi. This observation suggests that Moloney murine leukemia virus gag proteins travel to the plasma membrane by vesicular transport associated with the cytoplasmic face of intracellular vesicles.
Ultra-tangibles (2012)

Tangible objects placed on interactive surfaces allow users to employ a physical object to manipulate digital content. However, creating the reverse effect - having digital content manipulate a tangible object placed on the surface - is a more challenging task. We present a new approach to this problem, using ultrasound-based air pressure waves to move multiple tangible objects, independently, around an interactive surface. We describe the technical background, design, implementation, and test cases for such a system. We conclude by discussing practical uses of our system, Ultra-Tangibles, in the creation of new tangible user interfaces.
Region-based shape analysis with tracked locations (2005)

This paper proposes a novel approach to shape analysis: using local reasoning about individual heap locations instead of global reasoning about entire heap abstractions. We present an inter-procedural shape analysis algorithm for languages with destructive updates. The key feature is a novel memory abstraction that differs from traditional abstractions in two ways. First, we build the shape abstraction and analysis on top of a pointer analysis. Second, we decompose the shape abstraction into a set of independent configurations, each of which characterizes one single heap location. Our approach: 1) leads to simpler algorithm specifications, because of local reasoning about the single location; 2) leads to efficient algorithms, because of the smaller granularity of the abstraction; and 3) makes it easier to develop context-sensitive, demand-driven, and incremental shape analyses.We also show that the analysis can be used to enable the static detection of memory errors in programs with explicit deallocation. We have built a prototype tool that detects memory leaks and accesses through dangling pointers in C programs. The experiments indicate that the analysis is sufficiently precise to detect errors with low false positive rates; and is sufficiently lightweight to scale to larger programs. For a set of three popular C programs, the tool has analyzed about 70K lines of code in less than 2 minutes and has produced 97 warnings, 38 of which were actual errors.
Maintaining availability in partitioned replicated databases (1989)

In a replicated database, a data item may have copies residing on several sites. A replica control protocol is necessary to ensure that data items with several copies behave as if they consist of a single copy, as far as users can tell. We describe a new replica control protocol that allows the accessing of data in spite of site failures and network partitioning. This protocol provides the database designer with a large degree of flexibility in deciding the degree of data availability, as well as the cost of accessing data.