gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of interleukin-3 receptor subunits on defined subpopulations of acute myeloid leukemia blasts predicts the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin interleukin-3 fusion protein against malignant progenitors that engraft in immunodeficient mice (2006)

The interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3R) subunits are overexpressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts compared with normal hematopoietic cells and are thus potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. Both fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) were used to quantify expression of the IL-3Ralpha and beta(c) subunits on AML cells. QRT-PCR for both subunits was most predictive of killing of AML colony-forming cells (AML-CFCs) by diphtheria toxin-IL-3 fusion protein (DT(388)IL3). Among 19 patient samples, the relative level of the IL-3Ralpha was higher than the IL-3Rbeta(c) and highest in CD34(+)CD38(-)CD71(-) cells, enriched for candidate leukemia stem cells, compared with cell fractions depleted of such progenitors. Overall, the amount of IL-3Rbeta(c) subunit did not vary among sorted subpopulations. However, expression of both subunits varied by more than 10-fold among different AML samples for all subpopulations studied. The level of IL-3Rbeta(c) expression versus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (set at 1000) ranged from 0.14 to 13.56 in CD34(+)CD38(-)CD71(-) cells from different samples; this value was correlated (r = .76, P = .05) with the ability of DT(388)IL3 to kill AML progenitors that engraft in beta(2)-microglobin-deficient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice (n = 7). Thus, quantification of IL-3R subunit expression on AML blasts predicts the effectiveness IL-3R-targeted therapy in killing primitive leukemic progenitors.
Antitumor effect of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha against murine syngeneic tumors. (1986)

Interleukin 1 (IL1) has been suggested to have antitumor activity but there is no clear-cut evidence of an in vivo antitumor effect of pure IL1. In this work, the antitumor effect of purified recombinant human IL1 alpha (rHu-IL1 alpha) was assessed on murine tumors transplanted intradermally in syngeneic female mice. rHu-IL1 alpha inhibited the growth of Meth A sarcoma in BALB/c mice, B16 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice and colon 26 adenocarcinoma in CDF1 mice, as well as the spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in BDF1 mice, at intratumoral (itu), intramuscular (im), and/or intravenous (iv) doses ranging from 1 to 30 micrograms/mouse. The antitumor effect of rHu-IL1 alpha was generally dose- and route-dependent, being highest by the itu route, followed by the im and iv routes in that order. Palpable 7-day-old Meth A sarcoma was completely regressed in some mice given rHu-IL1 alpha itu once at doses of 10-30 micrograms/mouse (cured ratio; 71-100%), once a day for 3 days at doses of 3-30 micrograms/mouse (57-86%) or once a day for 7 days at doses of 1-10 micrograms/mouse (14-100%). Palpable 7-day-old B16 melanoma was also regressed completely in some mice given seven itu doses of 10-30 micrograms/mouse (14-86%). One-day-old Meth A sarcoma was more sensitive to rHu-IL1 alpha than 7-day-old Meth A sarcoma. There was no macroscopic sign of inflammation at the site of injection of rHu-IL1 alpha. These results show that rHu-IL1 alpha has antitumor activity in vivo and is worthy of further study as a potential antitumor agent.
Local regulation of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation in mice following irradiation (1989)

Changes in the kinetic state of pluripotent haemopoietic spleen colony forming cells (CFU-S) and of the CFU-S proliferation stimulator have been studied following whole-body X-irradiation. Rapid recruitment of CFU-S into cell cycle by 30 min after irradiation was observed following low doses (0.5 Gy) but a delay of 6 h occurred after higher doses (1.5 and 4.5 Gy). These changes in proliferative state correlated with the presence of the CFU-S proliferation stimulator. CFU-S irradiated in vitro in bone marrow plugs were also recruited into cycle illustrating directly the local nature of the feedback mechanism. CFU-S removed from 1.5 Gy irradiated recipients at a time when they were not in cycle were not responsive to the CFU-S proliferation stimulator. The CFU-S proliferation stimulator was produced by Ia positive cells in the irradiated bone marrow. The regulation changes occurring shortly after irradiation cannot simply be controlled by the size of the CFU-S compartment.
Complete amino acid sequence and in vitro expression of rat NF-M, the middle molecular weight neurofilament protein. (1987)

A lambda gtII expression library was prepared from rat brain and screened with a polyclonal antiserum, which recognizes both NF-H and NF-M. An NF-M cDNA clone (pNF-M3C = 1.6 kb) was isolated and characterized. The fusion protein of NF-M3C, when used as an affinity matrix for the anti-neurofilament serum, isolated a subpopulation of antibodies specific for NF-M. Northern analysis demonstrates a single band of approximately 3000 nt and a constant message level for NF-M during postnatal development from postnatal day 0 (PO) to adulthood. Using pNF-M3C as a probe, a second cDNA clone was isolated from a lambda gtII rat brain expression library (pNF-M2D = 2.7 kb). The 2 clones were sequenced and pNF-M2D was found to encode the entire rat NF-M protein. The calculated molecular weight is 95,600, which is only 65% of the molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE. The amino acid sequence of rat NF-M shows the conserved rod segment present in all intermediate filament proteins. The molecule also contains an unusual C-terminal extension with stretches of glutamic acid, which could contribute to the anomalous migration of this protein on SDS-PAGE and the fact that NF-M does not readily assemble into filaments. The pNF-M2D clone was transcribed and translated in vitro utilizing a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The resulting radiolabeled translation products were unexpectedly shown to comigrate with purified rat NF-M on 1- and 2-dimensional gels, even though the translated protein is not phosphorylated.
Comparison of the acid stability of azithromycin and erythromycin A (1990)

In acidic aqueous media, erythromycin A is rapidly degraded via intramolecular dehydration to form erythromycin-6.9-hemiketal and then anhydroerythromycin, both of which possess little antimicrobial activity. Azithromycin, a new azalide antibiotic, has a methyl-substituted nitrogen in place of the carbonyl at the 9a position of the aglycone ring, thus blocking the internal dehydration pathway. As a result, azithromycin decomposition occurs primarily via acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the ether bond to the neutral cladinose sugar. Rate constants and the time for 10% decay (T1/10) were determined for both azithromycin and erythromycin A at pH2 using various levels of acetonitrile cosolvent and constant ionic strength. Semi-log plots of the decay rate constants versus the reciprocal of the solution dielectric constants were used to extrapolate to totally aqueous conditions. In solution at 37 degrees C and pH2 with ionic strength mu = 0.02, azithromycin was degraded with a T1/10 of 20.1 min while erythromycin underwent 10% decay in only 3.7 sec. The activation energy for hydrolysis of the ether bond connecting cladinose to azithromycin was 25.3 kcal/mol while the internal dehydration reaction of erythromycin had an activation energy of 15.6 kcal/mol. A solution stability profile was generated for azithromycin over the pH range of 1.0 to 4.1 at 30 degrees C. Stability was found to improve ten-fold for each unit increase in pH.
Long-Term Results in Patients with Low-Grade Nodular Non-Hodgkin'S Lymphoma A Randomized Trial Comparing Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy with Chemotherapy Alone (1991)

One hundred and eighteen patients with nodular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were randomized to receive either chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (total nodal or involved field irradiation). Although the complete remission rate was similar in the three programs (about 90%) the relapse-free survival rate (RFS) among patients with complete remission was significantly higher in the groups treated with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy than among those treated with chemotherapy alone. The 7-year RFS in the groups treated with total node irradiation and involved field irradiation was 71% and 66% respectively, compared to only 33% in the group treated by chemotherapy alone (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that combined chemoradiotherapy may achieve complete long-term remission and potential cure in more than 60% of patients with nodular low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Toxicity was moderate in all three arms. Bulky disease and a high level of lactic dehydrogenase were associated with a poor prognosis.
Detecting brown adipose tissue activity with BOLD MRI in mice (2012)

The recent discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and the correlation found between the activity of this tissue and resting metabolic rate strongly suggest that this tissue may be implicated in the development of obesity in humans, as it is in rodents. Despite the possible physiological role of this tissue in the onset of human obesity, few noninvasive imaging techniques to detect BAT activity in humans exist. The scope of this work is to investigate the possibility of detecting BAT activity using blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI. Our results show that the strong increase in oxygen consumption and consequent increase in blood deoxyhemoglobin levels following BAT activation lead to a well-localized signal drop in BAT. This strongly suggests the possibility to use blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI for the noninvasive detection of BAT activity.
Osseous Manifestations of SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, Osteitis) Syndrome (1996)

The SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) syndrome includes a complex group of disorders characterized by peculiar bone lesions, most commonly involving the anterior chest wall, and sometimes accompanied by dermatologic manifestations. The clinical and radiographic features of this syndrome are well described, but few studies have examined the histologic features of the bone lesions. We describe the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of the osseous lesions encountered in eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of SAPHO syndrome. The patients included five female and three male patients ranging in age from 5 to 63 years (mean, 35.3 years). The most common clinical presentation was pain related to the sites of osseous involvement. Two patients also had some form of pustular dermatosis. The radiographic features of the osseous lesions varied but often suggested the possibility of a neoplasm. Nine pathologic specimens were available for review, five from the clavicle, two from the first rib, one from the calcaneus/cuboid, and one from the tibia. The histologic features varied but seemed related to the duration of the patients' musculoskeletal symptoms. Early lesions contained acute inflammation, edema, and prominent periosteal bone formation, histologically indistinguishable from ordinary bacterial osteomyelitis, whereas late lesions demonstrated markedly sclerotic bone trabeculae with prominent marrow fibrosis and only mild chronic inflammation; one of these biopsies appeared virtually identical to Paget's disease. One biopsy was performed after an intermediate duration of symptoms and contained prominent chronic inflammation only. The histologic findings in SAPHO are variable and nonspecific and may depend on the duration of disease, but it is important to recognize the spectrum of histologic changes possible in the syndrome and to realize that clinicopathologic correlation is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary long-term antibiotic therapy.
Video delivery technologies for large-scale deployment of multimedia applications (2004)

Deployment of a large-scale multimedia streaming application requires an enormous amount of server and network resources. The simplest delivery technique allocates server resources for each specific request. This technique is very expensive and is not scalable to support a very large user community such as the Internet. Hence, the past decade has witnessed tremendous research efforts to facilitate cost-effective, large-scale deployment of multimedia streaming applications. In this paper, we describe three complementary research approaches: server transmission schemes using multicast, streaming strategies with application layer multicast, and proxy caching techniques. We discuss pros and cons of these technologies and provide our observations on current business solutions.
Mass Cytometry: Technique for Real Time Single Cell Multitarget Immunoassay Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2009)

A novel instrument for real time analysis of individual biological cells or other microparticles is described. The instrument is based on inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry and comprises a three-aperture plasma-vacuum interface, a dc quadrupole turning optics for decoupling ions from neutral components, an rf quadrupole ion guide discriminating against low-mass dominant plasma ions, a point-to-parallel focusing dc quadrupole doublet, an orthogonal acceleration reflectron analyzer, a discrete dynode fast ion detector, and an 8-bit 1 GHz digitizer. A high spectrum generation frequency of 76.8 kHz provides capability for collecting multiple spectra from each particle-induced transient ion cloud, typically of 200-300 micros duration. It is shown that the transients can be resolved and characterized individually at a peak frequency of 1100 particles per second. Design considerations and optimization data are presented. The figures of merit of the instrument are measured under standard inductively coupled plasma (ICP) operating conditions (<3% cerium oxide ratio). At mass resolution (full width at half-maximum) M/DeltaM > 900 for m/z = 159, the sensitivity with a standard sample introduction system of >1.4 x 10(8) ion counts per second per mg L(-1) of Tb and an abundance sensitivity of (6 x 10(-4))-(1.4 x 10(-3)) (trailing and leading masses, respectively) are shown. The mass range (m/z = 125-215) and abundance sensitivity are sufficient for elemental immunoassay with up to 60 distinct available elemental tags. When <15 elemental tags are used, a higher sensitivity mode at lower resolution (M/DeltaM > 500) can be used, which provides >2.4 x 10(8) cps per mg L(-1) of Tb, at (1.5 x 10(-3))-(5.0 x 10(-3)) abundance sensitivity. The real-time simultaneous detection of multiple isotopes from individual 1.8 microm polystyrene beads labeled with lanthanides is shown. A real time single cell 20 antigen expression assay of model cell lines and leukemia patient samples immuno-labeled with lanthanide-tagged antibodies is presented.
Endogenous IL-4 is necessary for effective drug therapy against visceral leishmaniasis (2000)

It is well established that a fully competent immune response is required for the successful drug treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, recent studies have cast some doubt as to which elements of the immune response synergize with chemotherapeutic treatment. The role of the Th2 response and IL-4 in particular during visceral leishmaniasis awaits clarification. We, therefore, examined the effectiveness of sodium stibogluconate treatment on Leishmania donovani infection in BALB/c wild-type and IL-4-/- mice. Parasite burdens in L. donovani-infected IL-4+/- and IL-4-/-, as we have previously shown for B6/129 mice, were similar, despite an apparent type 1 antibody response in infected IL-4-/- mice, demonstrated by increased levels of parasite-specific IgG2a and decreased IgG1. Unexpectedly IL-4-/- mice responded poorly to sodium stibogluconate treatment with increased parasite burdens in all tissues examined. Furthermore, drug therapy of IL-4-/- but not IL-4+/+ mice resulted in significant reductions in splenocyte IFN-gamma mRNA transcripts and in serum IFN-gamma levels. These results demonstrate that IL-4 has an important role in effective anti-leishmanial chemotherapy which seems to be related to modulation of IFN-gamma production.
Direct Estimation of Equity Market Impact (2005)

The impact of large trades on market prices is a widely discussed but rarely measured phenomenon, of essential importance to selland buy-side participants. We analyse a large data set from the Citigroup US equity trading desks, using a simple but realistic theoretical framework. We fit the model across a wide range of stocks, determining the dependence of the coefficients on parameters such as volatility, average daily volume, and turnover. We reject the common square-root model for temporary impact as function of trade rate, in favor of a 3/5 power law across the range of order sizes considered. Our results can be directly incorporated into optimal trade scheduling algorithms and pre- and post-trade cost estimation. We are grateful to Stavros Siokos of Citigroup Equity Trading Strategy and to Neil
Urinary Creatinine Concentrations in the U.S. Population: Implications for Urinary Biologic Monitoring Measurements (2004)

Biologic monitoring (i.e., biomonitoring) is used to assess human exposures to environmental and workplace chemicals. Urinary biomonitoring data typically are adjusted to a constant creatinine concentration to correct for variable dilutions among spot samples. Traditionally, this approach has been used in population groups without much diversity. The inclusion of multiple demographic groups in studies using biomonitoring for exposure assessment has increased the variability in the urinary creatinine levels in these study populations. Our objectives were to document the normal range of urinary creatinine concentrations among various demographic groups, evaluate the impact that variations in creatinine concentrations can have on classifying exposure status of individuals in epidemiologic studies, and recommend an approach using multiple regression to adjust for variations in creatinine in multivariate analyses. We performed a weighted multivariate analysis of urinary creatinine concentrations in 22,245 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and established reference ranges (10th-90th percentiles) for each demographic and age category. Significant predictors of urinary creatinine concentration included age group, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and fat-free mass. Time of day that urine samples were collected made a small but statistically significant difference in creatinine concentrations. For an individual, the creatinine-adjusted concentration of an analyte should be compared with a "reference" range derived from persons in a similar demographic group (e.g., children with children, adults with adults). For multiple regression analysis of population groups, we recommend that the analyte concentration (unadjusted for creatinine) should be included in the analysis with urinary creatinine added as a separate independent variable. This approach allows the urinary analyte concentration to be appropriately adjusted for urinary creatinine and the statistical significance of other variables in the model to be independent of effects of creatinine concentration.
The Assessment of Reading Comprehension: A Review of Practices—Past, Present, and Future (2005)

The purpose of this chapter is to build an argument for a fresh line 
of inquiry into the assessment of reading comprehension. We intend 
to accomplish that goal by providing a rich and detailed historical 
account of reading comprehension, both as a theoretical phenomenon 
and an operational construct that lives and breathes in classrooms 
throughout America. We review both basic research, which deals with 
reading comprehension largely in its theoretical aspect, and applied 
research, which is much more concerned about how comprehension gets 
operationalized in classrooms, reading materials, and tests.
Third World Participation in International Investment Arbitration (1987)

Journal Article Third World Participation in International Investment Arbitration Get access Jan Paulsson Jan Paulsson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal, Volume 2, Issue 1, Spring 1987, Pages 19–65, https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/2.1.19 Published: 01 March 1987
Effects of a novel dual lipid synthesis inhibitor and its potential utility in treating dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome (2004)

We have identified a novel omega-hydroxy-alkanedicarboxylic acid, ESP 55016, that favorably alters serum lipid variables in obese female Zucker (fa/fa) rats. ESP 55016 reduced serum non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels while increasing serum HDL-C and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in a dose-dependent manner. ESP 55016 reduced fasting serum insulin and glucose levels while also suppressing weight gain. In primary rat hepatocytes, ESP 55016 increased the oxidation of [(14)C]palmitate in a dose- and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (CPT-I)-dependent manner. Furthermore, in primary rat hepatocytes and in vivo, ESP 55016 inhibited fatty acid and sterol synthesis. The "dual inhibitor" activity of ESP 55016 was unlikely attributable to the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway because AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation states as well as ACC activity were not altered by ESP 55016. Further studies indicated the conversion of ESP 55016 to a CoA derivative in vivo. ESP 55016-CoA markedly inhibited the activity of partially purified ACC. The activity of partially purified HMG-CoA reductase was not altered by the xenobiotic-CoA. These data suggest that ESP 55016-CoA favorably alters lipid metabolism in a model of diabetic dyslipidemia in part by initially inhibiting fatty acid and sterol synthesis plus enhancing the oxidation of fatty acids through the ACC/malonyl-CoA/CPT-I regulatory axis.
Über den Mechanismus der basen-induzierten Umlagerung von 3-Benzyl- 5,5-diphenyl-glykocyamidin in N-2-Benzyl-5,5-diphenyl-glykocyamidin und der Debenzylierung des letzteren (1965)

Über den Mechanismus der basen-induzierten Umlagerung von 3-Benzyl- 5,5-diphenyl-glykocyamidin in N-2-Benzyl-5,5-diphenyl-glykocyamidin und der Debenzylierung des letzteren was published in Dritte Arbeitstagung über Stabile Isotope vom 28. Oktober bis 2. November 1963 in Leipzig on page 639.
Transcription signatures encoded by ultraconserved genomic regions in human prostate cancer (2013)

This first study of ucRNA expression in human prostate cancer indicates an altered transcript expression in the disease.
A Monolithic 25-Gb/s Transceiver With Photonic Ring Modulators and Ge Detectors in a 130-nm CMOS SOI Process (2012)

A fully-integrated, silicon photonic transceiver is demonstrated in a silicon-on-insulator process using photonic microring resonator modulators for low power consumption. The trade-offs between bandwidth and extinction ratio are discussed and motivate the use of transmit pre-emphasis for ring modulators to increase the interconnect data rate. The transmitter and receiver is demonstrated to data rates of 25 Gb/s with a BER of 10 ^-12. The total power consumption of the transceiver is 256 mW and demonstrates a link efficiency of 10.2 pJ/bit excluding laser power. At 25 Gb/s, the driver operates at 7.2 pJ/bit.