gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intravenous apoA-I/lecithin discs increase pre-β-HDL concentration in tissue fluid and stimulate reverse cholesterol transport in humans (2001)

The extent to which plasma HDL concentration regulates reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is not known. The principal acceptors of unesterified cholesterol (UC) from cultured cells are small pre-beta-HDL, which we have shown increase in plasma during intravenous infusion of apolipoprotein A-I/phosphatidylcholine (apoA-I/PC) discs in humans. We have now examined the effects on tissue fluid HDL and RCT. ApoA-I/PC or proapoA-I/PC discs were infused into 16 healthy males. Eleven had been given intravenous radiocholesterol to label tissue pools; in 12 prenodal leg lymph was collected throughout; and in 8 all feces were collected. The rise in small pre-beta-HDL in plasma was associated with increases in 1) pre-beta-HDL concentration in lymph (all subjects), 2) the size of other lymph HDL (four of four subjects), 3) the cholesterol content of lymph lipoproteins relative to plasma lipoproteins (P < 0.01, n = 4), 4) cholesterol-specific radioactivity in lymph (five of nine subjects), 5) plasma lathosterol (P < 0.004, n = 4), 6) plasma cholesterol esterification rate (P < 0.001, n = 4), and 7) fecal bile acid excretion (P < 0.001, n = 8). These results support the hypothesis that small pre-beta-HDL generated in plasma readily cross endothelium into tissue fluid, and thereby promote efflux of UC from peripheral cells. After delivery to the liver, peripheral cholesterol appears to be utilized more for bile acid synthesis than for biliary cholesterol secretion in humans.
Base-catalysed double-bond isomerizations of cannabinoids: structural and stereochemical aspects (1984)

Base-catalysed double-bond isomerization offers a convenient, high-yield route to a variety of new cannabinoids, as well as to compounds of this group which are accessible with some difficulty. By this route we have obtained optically active Δ2-tetrahydrocannabinols and Δ3-tetrahydrocannabinols, the Δ6-isomer of cannabidiol, and other novel cannabinoids.
Regulation of RAD53 by the ATM -Like Kinases MEC1 and TEL1 in Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathways (1996)

Mutants of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ataxia telangiectasia mutated ( ATM ) homolog MEC1/SAD3/ESR1 were identified that could live only if the RAD53/SAD1 checkpoint kinase was overproduced. MEC1 and a structurally related gene, TEL1 , have overlapping functions in response to DNA damage and replication blocks that in mutants can be provided by overproduction of RAD53 . Both MEC1 and TEL1 were found to control phosphorylation of Rad53p in response to DNA damage. These results indicate that RAD53 is a signal transducer in the DNA damage and replication checkpoint pathways and functions downstream of two members of the ATM lipid kinase family. Because several members of this pathway are conserved among eukaryotes, it is likely that a RAD53 -related kinase will function downstream of the human ATM gene product and play an important role in the mammalian response to DNA damage.
Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice lacking DNA methyltransferase 1 in post-mitotic neurons (2001)

DNA methylation is important for controlling gene expression and is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1) an enzyme abundant in brain. We recently demonstrated that mice expressing reduced levels of Dnmt1 are protected from cerebral ischemia. Here, we used the cre/loxP system to produce conditional mutants that lack Dnmt 1 in postmitotic neurons of the postnatal brain. We demonstrate that animals heterozygous for the conditional allele (Dnmt11lox/+) have significantly smaller infarcts following 1 h middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion compared to their wildtype litters. Surprisingly, mice with a deletion of Dnmt1 in post-mitotic neurons (Dnmt11lox/c) were not protected. In conclusion, we demonstrate that reduced levels of Dnmt1, but not its absence, in post-mitotic neurons protect from ischemic brain injury.
Semantic Health Knowledge Graph: Semantic Integration of Heterogeneous Medical Knowledge and Services (2017)

With the explosion of healthcare information, there has been a tremendous amount of heterogeneous textual medical knowledge (TMK), which plays an essential role in healthcare information systems. Existing works for integrating and utilizing the TMK mainly focus on straightforward connections establishment and pay less attention to make computers interpret and retrieve knowledge correctly and quickly. In this paper, we explore a novel model to organize and integrate the TMK into conceptual graphs. We then employ a framework to automatically retrieve knowledge in knowledge graphs with a high precision. In order to perform reasonable inference on knowledge graphs, we propose a contextual inference pruning algorithm to achieve efficient chain inference. Our algorithm achieves a better inference result with precision and recall of 92% and 96%, respectively, which can avoid most of the meaningless inferences. In addition, we implement two prototypes and provide services, and the results show our approach is practical and effective.
Increase in fecal primary bile acids and dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (2012)

We report an increase of primary BA in the feces of IBS-D patients compared to HS, correlated with stool consistency and frequency. A dysbiosis of different bacterial groups was detected, some of them involved in BA transformation. As the gut microbiota is the exclusive pathway to transform primary into secondary BA, this suggests a functional consequence of dysbiosis, leading to lower BA transformation.
Bloodstream- Versus Tick-Associated Variants of a Relapsing Fever Bacterium (1998)

The relapsing fever spirochete, Borrelia hermsii, alternates infections between a mammal and a tick vector. Whether the spirochete changes phenotypically in the different hosts was examined by allowing the tick vector Ornithodoros hermsi to feed on mice infected with serotype 7 or serotype 8 of B. hermsii. Upon infection of ticks, the spirochetal serotype-specific variable major proteins (Vmps) 7 and 8 became undetectable and were replaced by Vmp33. This switch from a bloodstream- to tick-associated phenotype could be induced in culture by a decrease in temperature. After tick-bite transmission back to mice, the process was reversed and the spirochetes resumed expression of the same Vmp present in the previous infectious blood meal.
Chemical processing in high-pressure aqueous environments. 1. Historical perspective and continuing developments (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical processing in high-pressure aqueous environments. 1. Historical perspective and continuing developmentsL. John Sealock Jr., Douglas C. Elliott, Eddie G. Baker, and R. Scott ButnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 8, 1535–1541Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00020a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00020a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specialized guard-bed technology can improve resid unit operation (1991)

Feedstock contaminants, as well as maldistribution of oil and incorrect catalyst loading in the guard reactor, can lead to serious malperformance of hydrotreaters and hydrocrackers. However, proper liquid distribution, catalyst loading, and selection of catalyst-in particular, a novel iron and scale-removal catalyst-can improve the operation of hydroprocessing units. In the past, many resid units in Japan have been operated with heavy feeds at very high severity. High levels of contaminants like Ni, V, Fe, Na, and Cl, combined with high levels of coke precursors and high operating temperatures, have made the operation of the guard reactors of these reside units especially critical. Small deviations from the ideal liquid distribution and random plugging in portions of the catalyst bed lead to rapid coke formation (and hot spots). Once such areas are plugged, they accelerate the complete plugging of the guard reactor. These problems initiated a research program at Nippon Ketjen Co. Ltd. The targets of this program are to find the causes of the plugging and to solve or improve the operation by better catalyst technology. The problems that are included in this article are: liquid distribution, catalyst grading and loading procedures, catalyst selection.
Characterization of Phrenic Nerve Response to Pulsed Field Ablation (2022)

Proximity of the catheter to the phrenic nerve and the PFA dose level were critical for phrenic nerve response. Gross and histopathologic evaluation of phrenic nerves and diaphragms at a chronic time point yielded no injury. These results provide a basis for understanding the susceptibility and recovery of phrenic nerves in response to PFA and a need for appropriate caution in moving beyond animal models.
The lipids of the alga Spirulina (1974)

Abstract The blue‐green alga, Spirulina maxima , examined in the form of a spray‐dried powder, contains 11% of lipid, which has been analysed in detail with a view to establishing both the classes of lipid present and their fatty acid profiles. The dominant lipids are mono‐, di‐ and probably higher galactosyldiglycerides and phosphatidyl glycerol. Unlike other algae, Spirulina synthesises cis ‐6‐ cis ‐9‐ cis ‐12 octadecatrienoic acid in contrast to its 9–12–15 isomer.
Structure-based, C2 symmetric inhibitors of HIV protease (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-based, C2 symmetric inhibitors of HIV proteaseDale J. Kempf, Daniel W. Norbeck, LynnMarie Codacovi, Xiu Chun Wang, William E. Kohlbrenner, Norman E. Wideburg, Deborah A. Paul, Mark F. Knigge, Sudthida Vasavanonda, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 10, 2687–2689Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00172a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00172a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning Depth from Monocular Videos using Direct Methods (2017)

The ability to predict depth from a single image - using recent advances in CNNs - is of increasing interest to the vision community. Unsupervised strategies to learning are particularly appealing as they can utilize much larger and varied monocular video datasets during learning without the need for ground truth depth or stereo. In previous works, separate pose and depth CNN predictors had to be determined such that their joint outputs minimized the photometric error. Inspired by recent advances in direct visual odometry (DVO), we argue that the depth CNN predictor can be learned without a pose CNN predictor. Further, we demonstrate empirically that incorporation of a differentiable implementation of DVO, along with a novel depth normalization strategy - substantially improves performance over state of the art that use monocular videos for training.
Brief History of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in the Hospital in the USA (2009)

The meteoric rise in parenteral and enteral nutrition was largely a consequence of the development of total parenteral nutrition and chemically defined diets in the late 1960s and early 1970s and the recognition of the extensive prevalence of protein calorie malnutrition associated with disease in this same period. The establishment of Nutrition Support Services (NSS) using the novel, multidisciplinary model of physician, clinical nurse specialist, pharmacist, and dietitian, which, at its peak in the 1990s, approached 550 well-established services in about 10% of the US acute care hospitals, also fostered growth. The American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, a multidisciplinary society reflecting the interaction of these specialties, was established in 1976 and grew from less than 1,000 members to nearly 8,000 by 1990. Several developments in the 1990s initially slowed and then stopped this growth. A system of payments, called diagnosis-related groups, put extreme cost constraints on hospital finances which often limited financial support for NSS teams, particularly the physician and nurse specialist members. Furthermore, as the concern for the nutritional status of patients spread to other specialties, critical care physicians, trauma surgeons, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, and nephrologists often took responsibility for nutrition support in their area of expertise with a dwindling of the model of an internist or general surgeon with special skills in nutrition support playing the key MD role across the specialties. Nutrition support of the hospitalized patient has dramatically improved in the US over the past 35 years, but the loss of major benefits possible and unacceptable risks of invasive nutritional support if not delivered when appropriate, delivered without monitoring by nutrition experts, or employed where inappropriate or ineffective will require continued attention by medical authorities, hospitals, funding agencies, and industry in the future.
Heterogeneous requirement of IκB kinase 2 for inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase production in rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for therapy (2003)

Our study demonstrates that IKK-2 is not essential for TNFalpha production in RA. However, because IKK-2 regulates the expression of other inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8), VEGF, and MMPs 1, 2, 3, and 13, which are involved in the inflammatory, angiogenic, and destructive processes in the RA joint, it may still be a good therapeutic target.
The science and art of dermal fillers for soft-tissue augmentation. (2009)

Our expanding understanding of the physiological and immunological conditions of the skin and, in particular, the aging face, has prompted a growing field of aesthetic technology. Restorative procedures are taking advantage of improved and refined biotechnology, which continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Whereas surgical correction of skin laxity was the norm in years past, there are now many topical options available to encourage healthy, youthful skin, and an ever-growing, increasingly perfected depot of minimally invasive, injectable dermal volumizers and stimulators, collectively referred to as dermal fillers. The growth indicators for this market are as striking as the science. However, successful use of dermal fillers is not only a function of the quality of science leading to improved biocompatibility but also the "art" of client selection, filler application and vigilant follow up. Even the "ideal" filler is subject to unique interactions with both the practitioner and the patient. This article presents a review of the safety and efficacy of the most commonly used dermal fillers with emphasis on those approved for facial aesthetics. The subtleties of improved filler technologies that impact tissue acceptance and reaction, measures of effectiveness and a comparison of wrinkle-reduction outcomes, the nature and incidence of acute and chronic tissue reaction, and a discussion of recommended or preferred filler applications are presented.
Kinetics of chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and toxicity of trichloroethylene (1991)

The kinetics of the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) and seven other chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b were studied. All experiments were performed with cells grown under copper stress and thus expressing soluble methane monooxygenase. Compounds that were readily degraded included chloroform, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and TCE, with Vmax values of 550, 330, and 290 nmol min-1 mg of cells-1, respectively. 1,1-Dichloroethylene was a very poor substrate. TCE was found to be toxic for the cells, and this phenomenon was studied in detail. Addition of activated carbon decreased the acute toxicity of high levels of TCE by adsorption, and slow desorption enabled the cells to partially degrade TCE. TCE was also toxic by inactivating the cells during its conversion. The degree of inactivation was proportional to the amount of TCE degraded; maximum degradation occurred at a concentration of 2 mumol of TCE mg of cells-1. During conversion of [14C]TCE, various proteins became radiolabeled, including the alpha-subunit of the hydroxylase component of soluble methane monooxygenase. This indicated that TCE-mediated inactivation of cells was caused by nonspecific covalent binding of degradation products to cellular proteins.
Rice Bran Oil and γ‐Oryzanol in the Treatment of Hyperlipoproteinaemias and Other Conditions (2001)

Diet is the first (and sometimes the only) therapeutic approach to hyperlipoproteinaemias. Rice bran oil and its main components (unsaturated fatty acids, triterpene alcohols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol) have demonstrated an ability to improve the plasma lipid pattern of rodents, rabbits, non-human primates and humans, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration and increasing the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Other potential properties of rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol, studied both in vitro and in animal models, include modulation of pituitary secretion, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of platelet aggregation. This paper reviews the available data on the pharmacology and toxicology of rice bran oil and its main components with particular attention to those studies relating to plasma lipid altering effects.
Electrowetting: from basics to applications (2005)

Electrowetting has become one of the most widely used tools for manipulating tiny amounts of liquids on surfaces. Applications range from 'lab-on-a-chip' devices to adjustable lenses and new kinds of electronic displays. In the present article, we review the recent progress in this rapidly growing field including both fundamental and applied aspects. We compare the various approaches used to derive the basic electrowetting equation, which has been shown to be very reliable as long as the applied voltage is not too high. We discuss in detail the origin of the electrostatic forces that induce both contact angle reduction and the motion of entire droplets. We examine the limitations of the electrowetting equation and present a variety of recent extensions to the theory that account for distortions of the liquid surface due to local electric fields, for the finite penetration depth of electric fields into the liquid, as well as for finite conductivity effects in the presence of AC voltage. The most prominent failure of the electrowetting equation, namely the saturation of the contact angle at high voltage, is discussed in a separate section. Recent work in this direction indicates that a variety of distinct physical effects-rather than a unique oneare responsible for the saturation phenomenon, depending on experimental details. In the presence of suitable electrode patterns or topographic structures on the substrate surface, variations of the contact angle can give rise not only to continuous changes of the droplet shape, but also to discontinuous morphological transitions between distinct liquid morphologies. The dynamics of electrowetting are discussed briefly. Finally, we give an overview of recent work aimed at commercial applications, in particular in the fields of adjustable lenses, display technology, fibre optics, and biotechnology-related microfluidic devices.
Two distinct mechanisms are involved in 6-hydroxydopamine- and MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death: Role of caspases, ROS, and JNK (1999)

In this study, we examined the possibility that MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) act on distinct cell death pathways in a murine dopaminergic neuronal cell line, MN9D. First, we found that cells treated with 6-OHDA accompanied ultrastructural changes typical of apoptosis, whereas MPP+ treatment induced necrotic manifestations. Proteolytic cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase by caspase was induced by 6-OHDA, whereas it remained uncleaved up to 32 h after MPP+ treatment and subsequently disappeared. Accordingly, 6-OHDA- but not MPP(+)-induced cell death was significantly attenuated in the presence of a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxy-carbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluomethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). As measured by fluorometric probes, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased after 6-OHDA treatment. In contrast, the level of dihydroethidium-sensitive ROS following MPP+ treatment remained unchanged while a slight increase in dichlorofluorescin-sentive ROS was temporarily observed. As demonstrated by immunoblot analysis, the level of superoxide dismutase was down-regulated following 6-OHDA treatment, whereas it remained unchanged after MPP+ treatment. Cotreatment of cells with antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine or Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP, cell-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic) rescued 6-OHDA- but not MPP(+)-induced cell death, whereas inclusion of catalase or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine had no effect in both cases. In addition, 6-OHDA induced ROS-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation that was attenuated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine or MnTBAP but not catalase or Z-VAD-fmk. In contrast, MPP+ has little effect on JNK activity, indicating that ROS and/or ROS-induced cell death signaling pathway seems to play an essential role in 6-OHDA-mediated apoptosis but not in MPP(+)-induced necrosis in a mesencephalon-derived, dopaminergic neuronal cell line.