gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kidney Weight in Mice: Strain Differences and Genetic Determination (1968)

Journal Article Kidney Weight in Mice: Strain Differences and Genetic Determination Get access GUNTHER SCHLAGER GUNTHER SCHLAGER Dr. Schlager is a Staff Scientist at The JackBon Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, 04609. This research was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grant HE 09331 from the National Heart Institute. The technical assistance of Mr. Robert S. Weibust and Miss Jule Prince is gratefully acknowledged. The principles of laboratory animal care as promulgated by the National Society of Medical Research are observed in this laboratory. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 59, Issue 3, May 1968, Pages 171–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107677 Published: 01 May 1968
Charge transport in junctions betweend-wave superconductors (1995)

We develop a microscopic analysis of superconducting and dissipative currents in junctions between superconductors with d-wave symmetry of the order parameter. We study the proximity effect in such superconductors and show that for certain crystal orientations the superconducting order parameter can be essentially suppressed in the vicinity of a nontransparent specularly reflecting boundary. This effect strongly influences the value and the angular dependence of the dc Josephson current ${\mathit{j}}_{\mathit{S}}$. At T\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ it leads to a crossover between ${\mathit{j}}_{\mathit{S}}$\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$-T and ${\mathit{j}}_{\mathit{S}}$\ensuremath{\propto}(${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$-T${)}^{2}$ respectively for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous distribution of the order parameter in the vicinity of a tunnel junction. We show that at low temperatures the current-phase relation ${\mathit{j}}_{\mathit{S}}$(cphi) for superconductor--normal-metal--superconductor junctions and short weak links between d-wave superconductors is essentially nonharmonic and contains a discontinuity at cphi=0. This leads to further interesting features of such systems which can be used for pairing symmetry tests in high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). We also investigated the low-temperature I-V curves of normal-metal--superconductor and superconductor-superconductor tunnel junctions and demonstrated that depending on the junction type and crystal orientation these curves show zero-bias anomalies I\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{V}}^{2}$, I\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ln(1/V), and I\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{V}}^{3}$ caused by the gapless behavior of the order parameter in d-wave superconductors. Many of our results agree well with recent experimental findings for HTSC compounds.
Identification of HLA-A2-restricted epitopes of the tumor-associated antigen MUC2 recognized by human cytotoxic T cells (1998)

Previous studies have shown that self-antigens overexpressed in malignant tissue can provide a basis for a tumor-specific immune response. The mucin MUC2 is strongly overexpressed in all mucinous tumors of colon, breast, ovary and pancreas. In the corresponding normal tissue it is either not expressed (breast, ovary, pancreas) or it is expressed at considerably lower levels than in the mucinous tumors (colon). We therefore investigated whether the MUC2 molecule comprises HLA-A2-binding epitopes recognized by human cytotoxic T cells. Four MUC2 peptides with high affinity and stable binding to HLA-A2 were identified. Those peptides and additionally 3 peptides with moderate binding to HLA-A2 were loaded onto dendritic cells, which were used for stimulation of autologous T cells from healthy donors. Two MUC2 peptides, which belonged to the group of stable binders, induced specific cytotoxic T-cell lines. Target cells loaded with these peptides were strongly lysed in a concentration-dependent and HLA-A2-restricted manner. Our data show that the tumor-associated mucin MUC2 has potential as a target antigen for cytotoxic T cells in patients with mucinous carcinomas.
Oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic acids relative to other polyunsaturated fatty acids (1997)

Abstract Contrary to current opinion, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) as a mixture of several isomers have been previously shown to function as prooxidants in the form of free fatty acids and methyl esters in heated canola oil. Furthermore, CLA oxidizes considerably faster than linoleic acid. However, stability of CLA relative to other polyunsaturated fatty acids remains undetermined. The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the relative oxidation rate of CLA compared with that of linolenic acid (LNA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in air at 90°C. CLA, both in the form of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols, were extremely unstable to the same extent as DHA, but they oxidized considerably faster than LNA and AA. The mechanism by which CLA were readily decomposed was probably due to formation of the unstable free‐radical intermediate.
[Thyroid peroxidase]. (1990)

Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of thyroid hormone and is a major thyroid microsomal antigen corresponding to anti-microsomal autoantibodies in thyroid autoimmune diseases. We studied the autoantigenicity, thyroiditogenicity and gene structure of TPO. In micro-ELISA using human TPO as a target, all sera from patients with anti-microsomal antibodies contained IgG class of antibodies to TPO and some sera had IgM class of antibodies. The competitive inhibition test revealed that TPO is the major thyroid microsomal antigen. Experimental murine thyroiditis was successfully induced by the immunization of porcine TPO. Susceptibility of thyroiditis in each strain was very different from that of thyroiditis induced by thyroglobulin. T-cell line specific for porcine TPO could mediate thyroid lesions. Two kinds of full length cDNAs to human TPO were isolated from cDNA library which was constructed from mRNA purified from thyroid with Graves' disease. The longer one consisted of 3,048 nucleotides and its open-reading-frame was likely to encode 933 amino acids. The shorter one lacked 171 nucleotides at the middle portion of the longer one. The structure-gene for human TPO was located on 2q and consisted of 17 exons. One hundred and seventy-one nucleotides deleted in the shorter cDNA exactly corresponded to the 10th exon.
The effect of age on serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in normal and osteoporotic women. (1980)

Serum iPTH was measured in a large series of normal and osteoporotic women as a function of age, with radioimmunoassays using three antisera: GP-1M, which recognizes primarily a region within the 44--68 amino acid sequence of PTH; CH-12M, which appears to recognize primarily intact hormone; and CH-14M, which recognizes primarily a region within the 1--34 amino acid sequence of PTH. In normal women 20 to 90 years of age, serum iPTH increased significantly with age (p less than 0.001); the proportional increase was greater when measured with antiserum GP-1M (80%) than when measured with antiserum CH-12M (30%), which suggests that the increase in circulating carboxyl fragments of PTH was greater than the increase in circulating intact PTH. In 40 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, the mean value for serum iPTH assayed by antiserum GP-1M did not differ significantly from that for age-matched normal women; however, three osteoporotic patients had elevated values and thus appear to represent a separate population. When these subjects were excluded, mean serum iPTH assayed by antiserum GP-1M also was lower than normal (p less than 0.001). The mean value for serum iPTH was lower in osteoporotic patients than in normal subjects when assayed by either antiserum CH-12M (p less than 0.001) or antiserum CH-14M (p less than 0.001). Values for serum phosphate and renal tubular phosphate resorption, both indices of PTH function, were increased (p less than 0.005) in the osteoporotic subjects. Although creatinine clearance decreased with age in both normal and osteoporotic subjects, partial correlations with age held constant showed no relationship between creatinine clearance and serum iPTH. This suggests that a decrease in renal function was not the major factor accounting for the rise in serum iPTH with age. We conclude that serum iPTH increases with aging but that for any given age, it is either normal or low in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Adsorption of small, positive particles onto large, negative particles in the presence of polymer. Part 1.—Adsorption isotherms (1980)

Equilibrium adsorption isotherms have been determined, at 25°C, for the adsorption of small, positively-charged polystyrene latex particles onto large, negatively-charged polystyrene latex particles as a function of ionic strength and also in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) of molar mass 24 000 or alkyl ethylene oxide condensates. The contrasting effects of PVA and the non-ionic surfactants are discussed.The adsorption isotherms are also correlated with electrophoretic mobility data for the large particles in the presence of varying concentrations of the small, oppositely-charged particles.
Opal Circuits of Light??-??Planarized Microphotonic Crystal Chips (2002)

We present a novel technique coined directed evaporation-induced self-assembly (DEISA) that enables the formation of planarized opal-based microphotonic crystal chips in which opal crystal shape, size, and orientation are under synthetic control. We provide detailed synthetic protocols that underpin the DEISA process and formulate directed self-assembly strategies that are suited for the fabrication of opal architectures with complex form and designed optical functionality. These developments bode well for the utilization of opal-based photonic crystals in microphotonic crystal devices and chips.
Synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid induces growth arrest in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells (2006)

HER2 overexpression is one of the most recognizable molecular alterations in breast tumors known to be associated with a poor prognosis. In the study described here, we explored the effect of HER2 overexpression on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the growth-inhibitory effects of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), a synthetic triterpenoid, both in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft model of breast cancer. Both cell growth and colony formation in the soft agar assay, a hallmark of the transformation phenotype, were preferentially suppressed in HER2-overexpressing cell lines at low concentrations of CDDO, whereas growth-inhibitory effects at high concentrations did not correlate with the expression level of HER2. CDDO dose-dependently inhibited phosphorylation of HER2 in HER2-overexpressing cells and diminished HER2 kinase activity in vitro. CDDO induced the transactivation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in both vector control and HER2-transfected MCF7 cells. Dose-response studies showed that the growth inhibition seen at lower concentrations of CDDO correlated with induction of the tumor suppressor gene caveolin-1, which is known to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. CDDO also reduced cyclin D1 mRNA and protein expression. In vivo studies with liposomally encapsulated CDDO showed complete abrogation of the growth of the highly tumorigenic MCF7/HER2 cells in a xenograft model of breast cancer. These findings provide the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that CDDO effectively inhibits HER2 tyrosine kinase activity and potently suppresses the growth of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells and suggest that CDDO has a therapeutic potential in advanced breast cancer.
Interferon Review (1987)

Although IFN proteins were recognized first for their potent antiviral properties, it has now been established that they may profoundly affect other vital cellular functions. The IFNs are divided into three main classes, alpha, beta, and gamma, and are defined by their differences in amino acid sequences, physicochemical properties, and induction by different agents from different cell types. The inducing agents include viruses, bacteria, bacterial products, polymers, low molecular weight compounds, and antigens or mitogens. Studies on the mechanisms of action of IFNs have mainly been focused on their antiviral actions. However, many of the facts revealed by these studies are equally relevant for understanding other actions of IFN. IFNs are extremely potent, they interact with specific receptors, and they induce the expression of specific genes, the products of which mediate their various actions. There is almost a complete lack of knowledge of what happens between the interaction of IFN with its receptor and induction of new RNA synthesis. However, we are beginning to understand how some of the IFN-inducible enzymes impair viral replication. The discovery of the dsRNA-dependent enzymes has implications beyond the IFN system. It is quite possible that they are used for other physiologic regulatory systems as well. The identities and functions of many other IFN-inducible proteins remain to be elucidated. Principally, IFNs alpha and beta are cytokines in that they may be produced by the cellular components of the immune system and have immunoregulatory effects on the cells of the immune system. These effects include enhancement of surface structures such as histocompatibility antigens, pleiotropic hormone-like effects, and stimulation or inhibition of the activities of a number of different effector cells such as B cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killing cells. IFN levels may be below detection and yet mediate important biologic functions. Perhaps the most interesting IFN subtype regarding immunoregulation is IFN gamma, which is a product of T lymphocytes. Few drugs have stimulated as much research interest or clinical promise as the IFNs. Clinical trials in patients have shown most promise in coryza, herpes virus infections, papilloma virus tumors, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma. IFN gamma employed alone and in combination with IFN alpha may dramatically increase IFN's activity. IFN treatment combined with chemotherapy also may give enhanced antitumor activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A phase I study of Onyx-015, an E1B attenuated adenovirus, administered intratumorally to patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. (2000)

An E1B 55 kDa gene-deleted adenovirus, Onyx-015, which reportedly selectively replicates in and lyses p53-deficient cells, was administered by a single intratumoral injection to a total of 22 patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. The objectives of this Phase I study were to determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this therapy and determine any correlation to p53 status. Six cohorts were investigated with a dose escalation from 10(7)-10(11) plaque-forming units. Toxicity was assessed using NCIC criteria. Tumor response was assessed by clinical and radiological measurement. Blood samples were taken to detect adenovirus DNA and neutralizing antibody to adenovirus. Tumor biopsies were taken to detect adenovirus by in situ hybridization. Treatment was well tolerated, with the main toxicity being grade 1/2 flu-like symptoms. Dose-limiting toxicity was not reached at the highest dose of 10(11) plaque-forming units. Twenty-one of the 22 patients treated showed an increase in neutralizing antibody to adenovirus. In situ hybridization showed viral replication in 4 of 22 patients treated, all of whom had mutant p53 tumors. Using conventional response criteria, no objective responses were observed. However, magnetic resonance imaging scans were suggestive of tumor necrosis at the site of viral injection in five patients, three of whom were classified using nonconventional criteria as partial responders, and two of whom were classified using nonconventional criteria as minor responders. Of these five cases, four had mutant p53 tumors. The response duration for the three partial responders was 4, 8, and 12 weeks. An additional eight patients had stable disease in the injected tumors lasting from 4-8 weeks. These preliminary results show that intratumoral administration of Onyx-015 is feasible, well tolerated, and associated with biological activity. Further investigation of Onyx-015, particularly with a more frequent injection protocol and in combination with systemic chemotherapy, is warranted.
VCOs with very low sensitivity to noise on the power supply (2002)

In this paper a new technique to design VCOs with very low sensitivity to power supply noise, i.e. very high PSRR, is introduced. For these VCOs static supply noise sensitivity of less than 0.05%/V is achievable which is better than previously reported. The idea in this design is to make the voltage to current converter independent of the power supply. A four stage ring oscillator in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS technology was fabricated and characterized.
The Application of Software Radio Techniques to Underwater Acoustic Communications (2007)

In recent years there has been considerable effort to translate the techniques used to achieve performance gains in the RF community into similar performance gains in the underwater acoustic field. Initially, developments focused on moving away from single side band signals towards direct sequence spread spectrum, resulting in improved tolerance to fading, noise and reverb. More recently, attempts to increase data rates have utilized complex techniques such as MIMO, resulting in a step improvement in the available data rate. However, a plethora of underwater communication approaches are now available, most of which are based on proprietary protocols, and this has resulted in interoperability issues. This problem also exists in the RF domain and is being resolved through the development of Software and Cognitive radio approaches. This paper describes the latest techniques and developments in Software Defined Radios and shows how they may be adapted to the underwater acoustic communication domain.
The reaction of cationic dyes with disodium cromoglycate (1979)

Abstract The reaction of disodium cromoglycale with five cationic dyes: crystal violet, Janus green, methylene blue, methyl green, and safranine, was investigated. Spectroscopic shifts indicated that at low concentration (0.01 m M ) all these dyes were able to form complexes (ion paris) with the cromoglycale anion. In addition, the complexes formed by crystal violet and Janus green were extractable into chloroform.
Comprehensive profiling of novel microRNA-9 targets and a tumor suppressor role of microRNA-9 via targeting IGF2BP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) dysregulation is implicated in a variety of human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role remains contradictory. In this study, we explored the expression and methylation status of miR-9 in HCC samples, as well as the tumor-related functions of miR-9 in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis, array-based RNA expression profile, and literature retrieval were used to identify miR-9 targets in HCC. The potential downstream candidates were then validated by luciferase reporter assay, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression status and clinicopathologic significances of miR-9 target genes in clinical samples were further explored. The results showed that miR-9 was frequently downregulated in primary HCC. Its silencing was largely contributed by a high frequency (42.5%) of mir-9-1 hypermethylation, which was correlated with bigger tumor size (P = 0.0234). In vitro functional studies revealed that miR-9 restoration retarded HCC cell proliferation and migration. IL-6, AP3B1, TC10, ONECUT2, IGF2BP1, MYO1D, and ANXA2 were confirmed to be miR-9 targets in HCC. Among them, ONECUT2, IGF2BP1, and ANXA2 were confirmed to be aberrantly upregulated in HCC. Moreover, upregulation of ONECUT2, IGF2BP1, and IL-6 were significantly associated with poor post-surgery prognosis (P = 0.0458, P = 0.0037 and P = 0.0461, respectively). Mechanically, miR-9 plays a tumor suppressive role partially through a functional miR-9/IGF2BP1/AKT&ERK axis. Our study suggests that miR-9 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC progression by inhibiting a series of target genes, including the newly validated miR-9/IGF2BP1/AKT&ERK axis, thus providing potential therapeutic targets and novel prognostic biomarkers for HCC patients.
Self‐diffusion in silver at low temperatures (1973)

Abstract Self‐diffusion in silver single crystals was measured at temperatures between 270 and 500 °C. The diffusion coefficients were in the range of 3×10 −18 to 2×10 −13 cm 2 /s. The results indicate that the Arrhenius plot is curved owing to a large divacancy contribution and that the activation energy for diffusion by divacancies is temperature dependent due to a partial dissociation of the divacancies. The best values of the parameters for diffusion by monovacancies are D o = 0.041 cm 2 /s, Q = 1.76 eV.
Optimization of Collective Communication Operations in MPICH (2005)

We describe our work on improving the performance of collective communication operations in MPICH for clusters connected by switched networks. For each collective operation, we use multiple algorithms depending on the message size, with the goal of minimizing latency for short messages and minimizing bandwidth use for long messages. Although we have implemented new algorithms for all MPI (Message Passing Interface) collective operations, because of limited space we describe only the algorithms for allgather, broadcast, all-to-all, reduce-scatter, reduce, and allreduce. Performance results on a Myrinet-connected Linux cluster and an IBM SP indicate that, in all cases, the new algorithms significantly outperform the old algorithms used in MPICH on the Myrinet cluster, and, in many cases, they outperform the algorithms used in IBM's MPI on the SP. We also explore in further detail the optimization of two of the most commonly used collective operations, allreduce and reduce, particularly for long messages and nonpower-of-two numbers of processes. The optimized algorithms for these operations perform several times better than the native algorithms on a Myrinet cluster, IBM SP, and Cray T3E. Our results indicate that to achieve the best performance for a collective communication operation, one needs to use a number of different algorithms and select the right algorithm for a particular message size and number of processes.
A human postnatal lymphoid progenitor capable of circulating and seeding the thymus (2007)

Identification of a thymus-seeding progenitor originating from human bone marrow (BM) constitutes a key milestone in understanding the mechanisms of T cell development and provides new potential for correcting T cell deficiencies. We report the characterization of a novel lymphoid-restricted subset, which is part of the lineage-negative CD34(+)CD10(+) progenitor population and which is distinct from B cell-committed precursors (in view of the absence of CD24 expression). We demonstrate that these Lin(-)CD34(+)CD10(+)CD24(-) progenitors have a very low myeloid potential but can generate B, T, and natural killer lymphocytes and coexpress recombination activating gene 1, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase, PAX5, interleukin 7 receptor alpha, and CD3epsilon. These progenitors are present in the cord blood and in the BM but can also be found in the blood throughout life. Moreover, they belong to the most immature thymocyte population. Collectively, these findings unravel the existence of a postnatal lymphoid-polarized population that is capable of migrating from the BM to the thymus.