gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MMPP Attenuates Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth by Inhibiting the STAT3 DNA-Binding Activity via Direct Binding to the STAT3 DNA-Binding Domain (2017)

<b>Rationale:</b> Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) plays a pivotal role in cancer biology. Many small-molecule inhibitors that target STAT3 have been developed as potential anticancer drugs. While designing small-molecule inhibitors that target the SH2 domain of STAT3 remains the leading focus for drug discovery, there has been a growing interest in targeting the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the protein. <b>Methods:</b> We demonstrated the potential antitumor activity of a novel, small-molecule (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (MMPP) that directly binds to the DBD of STAT3, in patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft model as well as in NCI-H460 cell xenograft model in nude mice. <b>Results:</b> MMPP effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and its DNA binding activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. It induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle- and apoptosis-regulating genes by directly binding to the hydroxyl residue of threonine 456 in the DBD of STAT3. Furthermore, MMPP showed a similar or better antitumor activity than that of docetaxel or cisplatin. <b>Conclusion:</b> MMPP is suggested to be a potential candidate for further development as an anticancer drug that targets the DBD of STAT3.
Treating the ocular component of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and related eye disorders. (2007)

Ocular allergy is underdiagnosed and has a significant impact on the life of the patient. It is vital to reach a better understanding of ocular allergic mechanisms and inflammation, which may lead to improved treatment.
Gene Panel Model Predictive of Outcome in Men at High-Risk of Systemic Progression and Death From Prostate Cancer After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy (2008)

The model can identify men with high-risk prostate cancer who may benefit from more intensive postoperative follow-up and adjuvant therapies.
Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Twelve Traditionally Used Indian Medicinal Plants (2006)

The methanolic crude extracts of 12 traditionally used Indian medicinal plants were screened for their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties using a-tocopherol and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) as standard antioxidants. Antioxidant activity was measured by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay and compared with the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The overall antioxidant activity of Lawsonia inermis was the strongest, followed in descending order by Ocimum sanctum, Cichorium intybus, Piper cubeba, Punica granatum, Allium sativum, Delonix regia, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Mangifera indica, Camellia sinensis, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Seven plants, namely Terminalia chebula, Mangifera indica, Terminalia bellerica, Punica granatum, Ocimum sanctum, Cichorium intybus, and Camellia sinensis, showed strong free radical scavenging activity with the DPPH method. Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts indicated the presence of major phytocompounds, including phenolics, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and tannins. The phenolic concentrations in the above plants ranged from 28.66 to 169.67 mg/g of dry plant extract. A fair correlation between antioxidant/free radical scavenging activity and phenolic content was observed among 9 plants; however, in 3 plants (Piper cubeba, Lawsonia inermis and Trigonella foenum-graecum), no such relationship was observed. The tested plant extracts showed promising antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, thus justifying their traditional use.
Multifunctional Iridium Complexes Based on Carbazole Modules as Highly Efficient Electrophosphors (2006)

Getting the green light: Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been synthesized from robust green-electrophosphorescent IrIII complexes based on carbazole derivatives (see picture, HT=hole transporting, EL=electroluminescence). The combination of short triplet lifetime, high emission efficiency, and improved charge-transporting properties allows these OLEDs to achieve peak efficiencies of 12 % photons per electron and 38 cd A−1.
TGF-β1 maintains suppressor function and Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (2005)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is a major pluripotential cytokine with a pronounced immunosuppressive effect and its deficiency results in lethal autoimmunity in mice. However, mechanisms of its immunosuppressive action are not completely understood. Here, we report that TGF-beta1 supports the maintenance of Foxp3 expression, regulatory function, and homeostasis in peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells, but is not required for their thymic development. We found that in 8-10-d-old TGF-beta1-deficient mice, peripheral, but not thymic, T reg cells are significantly reduced in numbers. Moreover, our experiments suggest that a defect in TGF-beta-mediated signaling in T reg cells is associated with a decrease in Foxp3 expression and suppressor activity. Thus, our results establish an essential link between TGF-beta1 signaling in peripheral T reg cells and T reg cell maintenance in vivo.
Scan-based BIST fault diagnosis (1999)

Existing built-in self-test (BIST) diagnostic techniques assume the existence of a few bit errors in a test response sequence. This assumption is unrealistic since in a BIST environment a single defect can usually cause hundreds or thousands of errors in a test response sequence. Without making the above assumption, this paper presents a novel BIST fault diagnostic technique for scan-based VLSI devices. Based on faulty signature information, our scheme guarantees correct identification of the scan flip-flops that capture errors during test, regardless of the number of errors the circuit may produce. In addition, it is able to identify failing test vectors with a better diagnostic capacity than existing techniques. The proposed scheme does not assume any specific fault model. Thus, it is applicable to all voltage-detectable faults. It also applies naturally to multifrequency BIST. This paper analyzes the efficiency of the scheme in terms of diagnostic coverage. Experimental results on several large ISCAS89 benchmark circuits and industrial circuits are also reported.
Practical issues on interpretation of scoring atopic dermatitis: the SCORAD index, objective SCORAD and the three-item severity score (2007)

It is important to determine the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) for evaluation of disease improvement after and during therapy. Scoring of the severity of AD is demanded in clinical trials. The European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) has developed the SCORAD (SCORing AD) index to create a consensus on assessment methods for AD, so that study results of different trials can be compared. However, modification of the SCORAD index has led on several occasions to wrong and incorrect use of the system. To measure the extent of AD, the rule of nines is applied on a front/back drawing of the patient's inflammatory lesions. The extent can be graded 0-100. The intensity part of the SCORAD index consists of six items: erythema, oedema/papulation, excoriations, lichenification, oozing/crusts and dryness. Each item can be graded on a scale 0-3. The subjective items include daily pruritus and sleeplessness. Both subjective items can be graded on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. The maximum subjective score is 20. All items should be filled out in the SCORAD evaluation form. The SCORAD index formula is: A/5 + 7B/2 + C. In this formula A is defined as the extent (0-100), B is defined as the intensity (0-18) and C is defined as the subjective symptoms (0-20). The maximum SCORAD score is 103. Based on training sessions by the ETFAD, the SCORAD index was modified by excluding the subjective symptoms (objective SCORAD). The objective SCORAD consists of just the extent and intensity items, the formula being A/5 + 7B/2. The maximum objective SCORAD score is 83 (plus an additional 10 bonus points). Bonus points are given for severe disfiguring eczema (on face and hands). The three-item severity (TIS) score involves the scoring of erythema (redness), oedema and excoriations (scratches) in one representative lesion, marked as R-O-S. The TIS score corresponds well with the more detailed objective SCORAD and can be used as a prescreening system or as a quick system in studies and is excellent for epidemiological studies.
CMOS-Based Bio/Chemosensor and Bioelectronic Microsystems (2009)

Microfabrication techniques and, in particular, complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology have been used to devise chemo/biosensors [1-3] as well as bioelectronic microsystems [4-7]. Examples of micromachined bio- or chemosensors, such as cantilevers or micoelectrode arrays, will be shown, and the electrical interfacing of CMOS microelectronics with biological entities or electrogenic cells, i.e., cells that react upon electrical stimulation and, in turn, produce electrical signals (heart cells or neurons) are detailed. CMOS-based, fully integrated microelectrode arrays for bidirectional communication (stimulation and recording) with electrogenic cells are presented. These devices are capable of monitoring relevant electrophysiological responses of cells to electrical stimuli or to pharmacological agents with prospective applications in the field of bio-inspired information processing or pharmascreening.
Liquid-Crystal Thermography: Illumination Spectral Effects. Part 1—Experiments (2005)

Abstract Experiments have been performed to examine the spectral effects of the illumination source on the hue-temperature characteristics of thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) used in a liquid-crystal thermography system. Five illumination sources were compared in this study. It was found that “full spectrum” sources, which have a relatively uniform radiant intensity across the visible spectrum, tend to have the lowest temperature uncertainties and the broadest useful ranges, which are desirable calibration attributes. Radiation in the infrared, which leads to (usually undesirable) heating of a test surface, and in the ultraviolet, which can damage TLCs, are discussed for the various light sources. Experimental observations of the effect that UV damage has on liquid crystal calibrations are also provided. The use of a new method called background subtraction and the use of white balancing are investigated as methods of improving the calibration characteristics of TLCs. The uncertainty in temperature associated with different illumination sources and both background subtraction and white balancing is determined and discussed. It is shown that these methods can reduce the uncertainty in some cases.
Apolipoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid. (1979)

The presence of apolipoproteins A-I, E, C-II, and C-III and the absence of apolipoprotein B was demonstrated in human cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration of apolipoproteins was measured by electroimmunoassay. Apolipoproteins E, C-II, and C-III were present in cerebrospinal fluid at 3--5% of their concentration in plasma; the cerebrospinal fluid level of apolipoprotein A-I was 0.4%. Most of the cerebrospinal fluid apolipoproteins were present in the rho less than 1.21 g/ml lipoprotein fraction. The major apolipoporteins of cerebrospinal fluid are E and A-I. The possible mechanism of transfer and the physiological and pathophysiological role of apolipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid are postulated.
Transduction of Multiple Effects of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) on T Cell Functions by the S1P1 G Protein-Coupled Receptor (2003)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in blood, lymph, and immune tissues stimulates and regulates T cell migration through their S1P(1) (endothelial differentiation gene encoded receptor-1) G protein-coupled receptors. We show now that S1P(1)Rs also mediate suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Uptake of [(3)H]thymidine by mouse CD4 T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 mAbs plus either anti-CD28 or IL-7 was inhibited up to 50% by 10(-9)-10(-6) M S1P. Suppression by S1P required Ca(2+) signaling and was reduced by intracellular cAMP. S1P decreased CD4 T cell generation of IFN-gamma and IL-4, without affecting IL-2. A Th1 line from D011.10 TCR transgenic mice without detectable S1P(1) was refractory to S1P until introduction of S1P(1) by retroviral transduction. S1P then evoked chemotaxis, inhibited chemotaxis to CCL-5 and CCL-21, and suppressed Ag-stimulated proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Thus, S1P(1) signals multiple immune functions of T cells as well as migration and tissue distribution.
A 27-mW CMOS fractional-N synthesizer using digital compensation for 2.5-Mb/s GFSK modulation (1997)

A digital compensation method and key circuits are presented that allow fractional-N synthesizers to be modulated at data rates greatly exceeding their bandwidth. Using this technique, a 1.8-GHz transmitter capable of digital frequency modulation at 2.5 Mb/s can be achieved with only two components: a frequency synthesizer and a digital transmit filter. A prototype transmitter was constructed to provide proof of concept of the method; its primary component is a custom fractional-N synthesizer fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process that consumes 27 mW. Key circuits on the custom IC are an on-chip loop filter that requires no tuning or external components, a digital MASH /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator that achieves low power operation through pipelining, and an asynchronous, 64-modulus divider (prescaler). Measurements from the prototype indicate that it meets performance requirements of the digital enhanced cordless telecommunications (DECT) standard.
Chemical Tags Facilitate the Sensing of Individual DNA Strands with Nanopores (2008)

The base resolution in the detection of single DNA strands with nanopores can be improved by attaching chemical tags to individual bases. Different chemical tags give rise to characteristic current signatures when a DNA molecule passes through a nanopore (see picture). This sequence-specific sensing with modified DNA is independent of pore engineering and can potentially be applied to analyze nucleic acids with a wide range of solid-state nanopores.
The adrenal steroid status in relation to inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor) in polymyalgia rheumatica (2000)

In PMR, as expected, there was an increase in IL-6 serum levels that was associated with elevated serum levels of ASD, DHEAS, and cortisol which was more marked in patients with recent-onset disease and without corticosteroids. However, serum levels of cortisol in patients with and without corticosteroids were lower than expected by considering the inflammatory status (increased IL-6). This may indicate a change in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness to inflammatory stimuli such as IL-6 during chronic disease. Furthermore, there seems to be a shift of biosynthesis to cortisol in relation to DHEAS or ASD in chronic disease.
Phenomenological theory of current-induced magnetization precession (2004)

We solve appropriate drift-diffusion and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations to demonstrate that unpolarized current flow from a nonmagnet into a ferromagnet can produce a precession-type instability of the magnetization. The fundamental origin of the instability is the difference in conductivity between majority spins and minority spins in the ferromagnet. This leads to spin accumulation and spin currents that carry angular momentum across the interface. The component of this angular momentum perpendicular to the magnetization drives precessional motion that is opposed by Gilbert damping. Neglecting magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatics, our approximate analytic and exact numerical solutions using realistic values for the material parameters show (for both semi-infinite and thin-film geometries) that a linear instability occurs when both the current density and the excitation wave vector parallel to the interface are neither too small nor too large. For many aspects of the problem, the variation of the magnetization in the direction of the current flows makes an important contribution.
Retention of B-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies by human lymphoma cells (1994)

The rates of endocytosis, intracellular degradation, and cell-surface shedding of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) HD-37 (anti-CD19), B1 (anti-CD20), MB-1 (anti-CD37), BC8 (anti-CD45), and DA4-4 (anti-mu) by B-lymphoma cells were compared by cellular radioimmunoassay, ultrastructural autoradiography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and thin layer chromatography using biopsy specimens from 12 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 125I-BC8 was stably retained on the surface of lymphoma cells without appreciable internalization or shedding, whereas 125I-DA4-4 underwent rapid endocytosis and degradation. 125I-B1 was not internalized or degraded by tumor cells, but rapidly dissociated from the cell surface in intact form. Moderate rates of endocytosis, intracellular metabolism, and cell-surface shedding were shown by 125I-HD37 and 125I-MB-1. The 3 patients with diffuse, small cleaved-cell lymphomas internalized and degraded antibodies more slowly than did patients with other histologic subtypes. These kinetic differences may be important in the selection of MoAbs for immunotoxin and radioimmunoconjugate therapy of B-cell malignancies.
Long-term effects of leucine supplementation on body composition (2010)

Until now, there is no evidence that chronic leucine supplementation is efficient in promoting muscle mass or preventing protein loss during catabolic states. Further studies are required to determine the duration and nutritional conditions of long-term leucine supplementation and to establish whether such nutritional interventions can help to prevent or treat muscle loss in various pathological or physiological conditions.
The mouse adenovirus type 1 contains an unusual E3 region (1989)

Since the E3 region of human adenoviruses codes for a series of proteins that are probably involved in viral pathogenesis, the nucleotide sequence for a 3.6-kilobase DNA fragment in the corresponding region (map units 77 through 89) of the mouse adenovirus type 1 genome has been determined. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the genes for the fiber and for the precursor to the hexon-associated protein, pVIII, that usually flank the E3 region, are well conserved. However, many of the open reading frames contained in the E3 region of human adenoviruses between the pVIII and the fiber genes were absent from the mouse adenovirus type 1 genome.
Review of the Tear Break-Up Time and a Closer Look at the Tear Break-Up Time of Hong Kong Chinese (1993)

The technique of assessing tear stability using the fluorescein instillation technique has been widely used in the clinical diagnosis of "dry eye" and in the screening of potential contact lens wearers. Various inconsistencies in the application of the tear break-up time (TBUT) techniques and the results obtained were noted in the literature and this review summarizes the differences and the conclusions of various investigators. The reliability of this technique using two different methods of observation was examined and the mean TBUT of Hong Kong Chinese subjects (HK-Chinese) was determined. We conclude that the TBUT can be measured reliably using either the scanning or full beam method in most patients. The mean TBUT of HK-Chinese is approximately 8 s and about 70% of HK-Chinese have TBUT's less than 10 s.
Recombinant Membrane-targeted Form of CD59 Inhibits the Growth of Choroidal Neovascular Complex in Mice (2010)

This study was designed to explore the effect of recombinant, membrane-targeted CD59 (rCD59-APT542) on the growth and size of fully developed neovascular complex using the murine model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6 mice using an argon laser, and the animals received rCD59-APT542 via intravitreal (ivt) route. Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and total complement hemolytic assay demonstrated that exogenously administered rCD59-APT542 was incorporated as well as retained in RPE and choroid and was functionally active in vivo. Single ivt injection during the growth of the CNV (i.e. at day 3 post-laser) resulted in ∼79% inhibition of the further growth of neovascular complex. The size of the CNV complex was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the administration of rCD59-APT542 after the CNV complex has fully developed (i.e. at day 7 post-laser). Treatment with rCD59-APT542 blocked the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC), increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in the neovascular complex. On the basis of results presented here we conclude that recombinant membrane targeted CD59 inhibited the growth of the CNV complex and reduced the size of fully developed CNV in the laser-induced mouse model. We propose that a combination of two mechanisms: increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation, both resulting from local inhibition of MAC, may be responsible for inhibition of CNV by rCD59-APT542.
A halophilic extracellular protease from a halophilic archaebacterium strain 172 P1 (1990)

An unidentified halophilic archaebacterium strain 172 P1 produced three extracellular proteases in media containing 15-27% salts. One component, F-II, was purified to homogeneity. It is a serine protease that can be inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and chymostatin. A high concentration of NaCl was required for its stability; in the presence of 25% NaCl, only 4% of the activity was lost by incubating at 60 degrees C for 30 min, while complete inactivation occurred in the presence of 5% NaCl. F-II is a thermophilic and halophilic protease. High activity was obtained at 75-80 degrees C when F-II was assayed in the presence of 25% NaCl. The optimal concentration of NaCl required was 10-14% when assayed at 70 degrees C with azocasein as substrate, though a halophilic characteristic was not distinct at lower temperatures. Hydrolyses of the synthetic substrates succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide or succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-p-nitroanilide at 26 degrees C were maximal at 25 and 30% NaCl, respectively. F-II was most stable at pH 6-7, and its optimal pH was 10.7. Its molecular weight was estimated as 44,000-46,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration--high-pressure liquid chromatography. The sequence of the 35 N-terminal amino acid residues was determined and compared with that of other serine proteases.