gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Active and Passive Smokers: Influence of Antioxidant Supplementation (2004)

Plasma CRP itself may serve as a potential target for reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, and antioxidants, including vitamin C, should be investigated further to confirm their CRP-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects.
Gastrointestinal Microflora Studies in Late‐Onset Autism (2002)

Some cases of late-onset (regressive) autism may involve abnormal flora because oral vancomycin, which is poorly absorbed, may lead to significant improvement in these children. Fecal flora of children with regressive autism was compared with that of control children, and clostridial counts were higher. The number of clostridial species found in the stools of children with autism was greater than in the stools of control children. Children with autism had 9 species of Clostridium not found in controls, whereas controls yielded only 3 species not found in children with autism. In all, there were 25 different clostridial species found. In gastric and duodenal specimens, the most striking finding was total absence of non-spore-forming anaerobes and microaerophilic bacteria from control children and significant numbers of such bacteria from children with autism. These studies demonstrate significant alterations in the upper and lower intestinal flora of children with late-onset autism and may provide insights into the nature of this disorder.
Realization of a Time-Domain Fresnel Lens with Coherent Control (2002)

Perturbative chirped pulse excitation leads to oscillations of the excited state amplitude. These coherent transients are governed by interferences between resonant and off-resonant contributions. Control mechanisms in both frequency and time domain are used to modify these dynamics. First, by applying a phase step in the spectrum, we manipulate the phase of the oscillations. By direct analogy with Fresnel zone lenses, we then conceive highly phase-amplitude modulated pulse shapes that slice destructive interferences out of the excitation time structure and enhance the final population.
Toxicology of nanoparticles: A historical perspective (2007)

The rapid expansion of nanotechnology promises to have great benefits for society, yet there is increasing concern that human and environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials may result in significant adverse effects. That is why the field of nanotoxicology – dealing with effects and potential risks of particulate structures <100 nm in size – has emerged, growing significantly over the past decade from long-standing foundations of well established knowledge on the toxicology of fibrous and non-fibrous particles and the interactions of viruses with cells. This review places nanoparticles in the context of conventional particle toxicology and so includes references to other types of particles, such as silica and asbestos, which have been extensively studied and can provide useful lessons relevant to newly engineered nanoparticles (NP). Discoveries of nanoparticle-specific concepts of toxicology related to their small size and large specific surface area go back to the early parts of the past century, although the distinctive biological effects and kinetics of NP were not recognized until the last decade of the past century. Today, the propensity of NP to cross cell barriers, enter cells and interact with subcellular structures is well established, as is the induction of oxidative stress as a major mechanism of nanoparticle effects. In addition to the significance of small size and surface area of NP, uncovering the impact of many other physico-chemical characteristics – in particular NP surface properties – for initiating effects in the mammalian organism and the environment is now an active area of research. The article aims to cover hazards relevant to humans, provides an introduction to some of the newly emerging literature on fate and behavior of NP in the environment, as well as describing their ecotoxicology in a variety of species. Major milestones in the research leading to our present understanding of nanotoxicology and the potential risks of NP to humans and the environment are summarized. These risks are likely to be different for different nanomaterials, ranging from perceived and very low for most, to real and very high for some. There are many questions that remain to be addressed, and we foresee for the future a continuing extended research in nanotoxicology. A full understanding of the hazard of NP will make a major contribution to the risk assessment that is so urgently needed to ensure that products that utilize NP are made safely, are exploited to their full potential and then disposed of safely.
Establishment and characterization of osseous prostate cancer models: Intra‐tibial injection of human prostate cancer cells (2002)

These animal models can be used to study biological interactions, pathways, and potential therapeutic targets, and also to evaluate new agents for treatment and prevention of CaP bone metastasis.
The Colonial Gesture of Development: The Interpersonal as a Promising Site for Rethinking Aid to Africa (2013)

While some scholars uncover connections between African development and colonialism in the transition from one set of institutions to the next, others analyze their discourses for similarities. My perspective builds on the second form of argumentation, particularly in relation to its finding that both colonial and development discourses assume a strict division, hierarchy, and unidirectionality between "us" and "them." In my case study, focusing on the daily interactions between Western aid workers and South African villagers, it is clear that, for the aid workers, this self-over-them schema is a modality of being, grounded in their body behavior. I argue, therefore, that evidence of development as a form of neocolonialism may be etched right into the "colonial bodies" of many of today's aid workers.
Methodology of Optimal Well Pattern, Location and Paths in Productive Formations During Oil and Gas Fields Development Planning (2006)

Abstract The wells location issue in a productive formation is an important aspect of the effective field development. The problem solution is impossible on the intuitive level due to the reservoir inhomogeneity. At present the well path is accepted to be located basing on the famous criteria, specialist experience and hydrodynamical simulation on a reservoir model. The designer should analyze many field development variants with different well spacing during limited time interval. The self-doped tool is invented for decision-making support at the fields development planning. It reduces the time of the field development scenarios making and analyzing. To solve the multimodal optimization problem the 1D discrete optimization methods, the genetic and Ant Colony algorithms are applied. The methodology-distinguishing feature is an additional capability to design well paths prescribed by spatial curves. The maximum crookedness drilling limitations are kept. The numerical simulation software is built for the field development efficiency determining. The optimum is calculated on the maximization results of cumulative production, gas production ratio or net profit. On practice, the project production rate is not guaranteed by the optimal well location defined on simulation. Depending on the making of borehole into the planned reservoir zone, the well drilling quality defines the production indices. To solve the problem the contemporary well drilling supervisor methods are used. They include the method and information support. The information system of technology control allows reconstructing the consistency of operations and staff actions at the well site. As a result, the well planning and conduction experience collected at the formalized database is used during next well planning. In the study, the approach of combining the field development automated planning, well pattern calculating and borehole drill control is applied. Using the modern Internet-technology advantages, it introduces the convenient features for real-time joint work of designers and supervisors.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NK Cells Acquire Functional Receptors and Cytolytic Activity (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide a unique resource to analyze early stages of human hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the ability to use hESCs to evaluate lymphocyte development. In the present study, we use a two-step culture method to demonstrate efficient generation of functional NK cells from hESCs. The CD56(+)CD45(+) hESC-derived lymphocytes express inhibitory and activating receptors typical of mature NK cells, including killer cell Ig-like receptors, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and CD16. Limiting dilution analysis suggests that these cells can be produced from hESC-derived hemopoietic progenitors at a clonal frequency similar to CD34(+) cells isolated from cord blood. The hESC-derived NK cells acquire the ability to lyse human tumor cells by both direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Additionally, activated hESC-derived NK cells up-regulate cytokine production. hESC-derived lymphoid progenitors provide a novel means to characterize specific cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to development of specific human lymphocyte populations. These cells may also provide a source for innovative cellular immune therapies.
Michael C. Jaeger (2006)

In today's businesses we can see the trend that serviceoriented architectures (SOA) represent the main paradigm for IT infrastructures. In this setting, a software offers its functionality as an electronic service to other software in a network. In order to realise more complex tasks or business processes that are comprised of individual services, compositions of these are formed. For specific application cases such as the timedependent trading of goods or the IT-based management of natural disasters, service compositions are anticipated to provide soft real-time characteristics. Soft real-time characteristics for service compositions involve the QoS-based trading of services as well as a real-time conforming trading process that is capable of optimising the QoS in predictable and feasible amount of time. This paper will discuss the two aspects and introduce two heuristics for the QoS-aware trading that show feasible computational efforts. Based on a software simulation, the performance of these algorithms is discussed.
Structure Based Antibody-Like Peptidomimetics (2012)

Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and soluble receptors represent new classes of therapeutic agents for treatment of several diseases. High affinity and high specificity biologics can be utilized for variety of clinical purposes. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as diagnostic agents when coupled with radionuclide, immune modulatory agents or in the treatment of cancers. Among other limitations of using large molecules for therapy the actual cost of biologics has become an issue. There is an effort among chemists and biologists to reduce the size of biologics which includes monoclonal antibodies and receptors without a reduction of biological efficacy. Single chain antibody, camel antibodies, Fv fragments are examples of this type of deconstructive process. Small high-affinity peptides have been identified using phage screening. Our laboratory used a structure-based approach to develop small-size peptidomimetics from the three-dimensional structure of proteins with immunoglobulin folds as exemplified by CD4 and antibodies. Peptides derived either from the receptor or their cognate ligand mimics the functions of the parental macromolecule. These constrained peptides not only provide a platform for developing small molecule drugs, but also provide insight into the atomic features of protein-protein interactions. A general overview of the reduction of monoclonal antibodies to small exocyclic peptide and its prospects as a useful diagnostic and as a drug in the treatment of cancer are discussed.
Inhibition of the steroid-induced synthesis of delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerase in Pseudomonas testosteroni by a new purine deoxyribonucleoside analog: 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine. (1967)

Analogs of 29-deoxyadenosine (29-AdR) were used to determine the structural requirements for inhibition of the steroid-induced synthesis of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase in Pseudomonas testosteroni. Compounds more active than 29-AdR included 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-29-deoxyribonucleoside and 6-chloro-9-cyclopentylpurine. The data obtained with many compounds indicate that: (a) substitution of the amino group of adenine with chlorine enhances activity, (b) replacement of C with N in position 8 of the purine ring increases activity, (c) replacement of deoxyribose in position 9 of 29-AdR with substituents containing a 29-hydroxyl (as in adenosine, 39-AdR, and 9-(29-hydroxy-cyclopentyl)adenine) causes a loss of activity, while nonhydroxyl-containing substituents (as in 29,39,59-trideoxyadenosine and 9-cyclopentyladenine) retain activity (thus, direct phosphorylation of the analogs is not prerequisite to inhibitory activity), and (d) unnatural derivatives of 29-AdR containing either L-deoxyribose in β-configuration or D-deoxyribose in α-configuration are inactive. These findings were used to guide the design and synthesis of 6-chloro-8-aza-9-cyclopentylpurine (689). This compound, which cannot be phosphorylated directly, markedly inhibited the synthesis of induced enzymes in P. testosteroni at a concentration (0.3 mM) that was significantly less inhibitory to the synthesis of total protein and to the incorporation into protein of L-leucine-1-14C. The inhibition of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase activity was not attributable either to prevention of uptake of the inducer or to direct inhibition of enzyme activity. These data suggest that 689 inhibits relatively selectively a process critically involved in the inductive synthesis in P.testosteroni of Δ5-3-ketosteroid isomerase.
DNA/MVA Vaccination of HIV-1 Infected Participants with Viral Suppression on Antiretroviral Therapy, followed by Treatment Interruption: Elicitation of Immune Responses without Control of Re-Emergent Virus (2016)

clinicaltrials.gov NCT01378156.
Conserved Folding in Retroviral Proteases: Crystal Structure of Synthetic HIV-1 Protease (1989)

The rational design of drugs that can inhibit the action of viral proteases depends on obtaining accurate structures of these enzymes. The crystal structure of chemically synthesized HIV-1 protease has been determined at 2.8 angstrom resolution (R factor of 0.184) with the use of a model based on the Rous sarcoma virus protease structure. In this enzymatically active protein, the cysteines were replaced by alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, a nongenetically coded amino acid. This structure, in which all 99 amino acids were located, differs in several important details from that reported previously by others. The interface between the identical subunits forming the active protease dimer is composed of four well-ordered beta strands from both the amino and carboxyl termini and residues 86 to 94 have a helical conformation. The observed arrangement of the dimer interface suggests possible designs for dimerization inhibitors.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Early Visual Pathways in Dyslexia (1998)

We measured brain activity, perceptual thresholds, and reading performance in a group of dyslexic and normal readers to test the hypothesis that dyslexia is associated with an abnormality in the magnocellular (M) pathway of the early visual system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity in conditions designed to preferentially stimulate the M pathway. Speed discrimination thresholds, which measure the minimal increase in stimulus speed that is just noticeable, were acquired in a paradigm modeled after a previous study of M pathway-lesioned monkeys. Dyslexics showed reduced brain activity compared with controls both in primary visual cortex (V1) and in several extrastriate areas, including area MT and adjacent motion-sensitive areas (MT+) that are believed to receive a predominant M pathway input. There was a strong three-way correlation between brain activity, speed discrimination thresholds, and reading speed. Subjects with higher V1 and MT+ responses had lower perceptual thresholds (better performance) and were faster readers. These results support the hypothesis for an M pathway abnormality in dyslexia and imply strong relationships between the integrity of the M pathway, visual motion perception, and reading ability.
An Animal Model of the Compartmental Syndrome (1975)

An animal model of the compartmental syndrome is presented to study the effect of elevated intracompartmental pressure on muscle histology and nutrient blood flow. Latex balloons were inserted into the anterior compartment of rabbits and the pressure within them controlled by an adjustable water column. Nutrient blood flow to the muscles of the compartment was determined by an Rb86 isotope dilution technique and showed a progressive decline with intracompartmental pressures over 50 mm Hg. At 80 mm Hg, flow was but 5 per cent of control values. An inflammatory necrosis was noted when a pressure of 60 mm Hg was exerted for 24 hours. At higher pressures an ischemic necrosis without inflammation was observed.
Fundamentals of coding for broadcast OFDM (2002)

The same information is often broadcast to many receivers over different frequency selective channels. Digital audio signals and digital video signals are commonly distributed by such broadcasts. A coded modulation technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presented that provides consistent performance over a variety of frequency selective channels. The range of performance for an example of the new scheme over three different frequency selective channels is 0.75 dB at P/sub e/=3/spl times/10/sup -6/ as compared to 4 dB for a currently used scheme. The new technique employs relatively dense constellations combined with low rate codes designed to allow the receiver to take advantage of reliable symbols to compensate for unreliable symbols. Frequency hopped systems and flat fading systems with interleaving can also benefit from the new technique.
Shielding of Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Impact on Physicochemical Properties, Cytokine Induction, and Efficacy (2014)

Formulation of short interfering RNA (siRNA) into multicomponent lipid nanoparticles (LNP) is an effective strategy for hepatic delivery and therapeutic gene silencing. This study systematically evaluated the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) density on LNP physicochemical properties, innate immune response stimulation, and in vivo efficacy. Increased PEG density not only shielded LNP surface charge but also reduced hemolytic activity, suggesting the formation of a steric barrier. In addition, increasing the PEG density reduced LNP immunostimulatory potential as reflected in cytokine induction both in vivo and in vitro. Higher PEG density also hindered in vivo efficacy, presumably due to reduced association with apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a protein which serves as an endogenous targeting ligand to hepatocytes. This effect could be overcome by incorporating an exogenous targeting ligand into the highly shielded LNPs, thereby circumventing the requirement for ApoE association. Therefore, these studies provide useful information for the rational design of LNP-based siRNA delivery systems with an optimal safety and efficacy profile.
Temperature-responsive bioconjugates. 1. Synthesis of temperature-responsive oligomers with reactive end groups and their coupling to biomolecules (1993)

Using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a chain-transfer agent, the radical oligomerization of N-isopropylacrylamie (IPAAm) was carried out with varying molar ratios of MPA to IPAAm and DMF. The molecular weight of oligo-IPAAm (OIPAAm) could be controlled by the ratio of MPA to IPAAm. The OIPAAm was confirmed to average one carboxyl end group per chain. All OIPAAms samples were highly water-soluble at lower temperatures and exhibited phase separation near 32 degrees C. The optical transmittance of the OIPAAms aqueous solutions changed drastically at 32 degrees C which was independent of OIPAAms molecular weight. In aqueous solutions of OIPAAm having concentrations higher than 1 wt% and molecular weight of 6100, the oligomers were precipitated and recovered in 85 wt% yield of their original content. Further, OIPAAm was grafted to atelo collagen by activated ester-amine coupling. The OIPAAm-collagen conjugates were able to dissolved in cold water and precipitated at 34 degrees C. Temperature-responsive OIPAAm-collagen conjugates are expected to maintain native collagen functionality in the solution state, react at lower temperatures, and be easily removed from the system with small temperature increases.
Comprehensive analysis of karyotypic mosaicism between trophectoderm and inner cell mass (2010)

Aneuploidy has been well-documented in blastocyst embryos, but prior studies have been limited in scale and/or lack mechanistic data. We previously reported preclinical validation of microarray 24-chromosome preimplantation genetic screening in a 24-h protocol. The method diagnoses chromosome copy number, structural chromosome aberrations, parental source of aneuploidy and distinguishes certain meiotic from mitotic errors. In this study, our objective was to examine aneuploidy in human blastocysts and determine correspondence of karyotypes between trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). We disaggregated 51 blastocysts from 17 couples into ICM and one or two TE fractions. The average maternal age was 31. Next, we ran 24-chromosome microarray molecular karyotyping on all of the samples, and then performed a retrospective analysis of the data. The average per-chromosome confidence was 99.95%. Approximately 80% of blastocysts were euploid. The majority of aneuploid embryos were simple aneuploid, i.e. one or two whole-chromosome imbalances. Structural chromosome aberrations, which are common in cleavage stage embryos, occurred in only three blastocysts (5.8%). All TE biopsies derived from the same embryos were concordant. Forty-nine of 51 (96.1%) ICM samples were concordant with TE biopsies derived from the same embryos. Discordance between TE and ICM occurred only in the two embryos with structural chromosome aberration. We conclude that TE karyotype is an excellent predictor of ICM karyotype. Discordance between TE and ICM occurred only in embryos with structural chromosome aberrations.