gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Damping Capacity Coatings for Surface Vibration Control (1996)

The damping capacity Q-1of a number of Fe-16%Cr alloys containing (0 - 6)%Al and (0 - 4)%Mo has been investigated and compared to that of thermally sprayed coatings. The magnetomechanical hysteresis loss was determined using a cantilever method and based on the modal analysis technique of flat beam samples. Heat treatments usually enhanced the loss capability, but further annealing destroyed it drastically. The plasma sprayed coatings was found to require more annealing to exhibit comparable damping capacity to cast alloys of the same chemical composition. The variation of Q-1 versus vibration amplitude first increased rapidly, passed through a maximum around ε=10-4 and then declined relatively slowly to its initial values. The structure of magnetic domains were observed using the magneto-optical Kerr effect and their modification following to an applied stress or magnetic field was associated with different values of the damping capacity. The irreversible movement of domain walls upon application of an external stress occurred suddenly and abruptly between two pinned positions.
Response to Measles Vaccine in Haitian Infants 6 to 12 Months Old (1985)

To study the factors affecting the serologic response to measles vaccination, we evaluated 595 Haitian infants from 6 through 12 months of age, and their mothers, at the beginning of an immunization program. Thirty-four per cent of the infants had preexisting serologic evidence of measles infections by 11 months of age. Among infants more than nine months of age, those who had had measles had a significantly lower nutritional status than those who had not (P less than 0.01). After vaccination, seroconversion rates increased from 45 per cent at 6 months to 100 per cent at 12 months. The lowest rate of vaccine failure compatible with acceptably low rates of natural infections could be achieved by vaccination after eight months of age. Infants born to mothers with low levels of antibody to measles (hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers less than 1:40) were significantly more likely to have had natural measles (P less than 0.01) or to have seroconversion after vaccination (P less than 0.001) at 6 to 10 months of age than were infants born to mothers with higher of age than were infants born to mothers with higher titers. Malnutrition and acute infections did not affect seroconversion rates. These data support the World Health Organization recommendation to administer measles vaccine in under-developed countries as soon after nine months of age as possible, regardless of nutritional status or the presence of minor illnesses.
A Quantitative Dose-Response Study of Lymphoid-Tumor Development in Irradiated C57 Black Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref> (1952)

A Quantitative Dose-Response Study of Lymphoid-Tumor Development in Irradiated C57 Black Mice Get access Henry S. Kaplan, Henry S. Kaplan Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary B. Brown Mary B. Brown Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, Calif. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 1, August 1952, Pages 185–208, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.1.185 Published: 01 August 1952 Article history Received: 29 April 1952 Published: 01 August 1952
High-performance MC-CDMA via carrier interferometry codes (2001)

This paper introduces the principles of interferometry to multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). Specifically, we propose the use of MC-CDMA with novel carrier interferometry (CI) complex spreading codes. The CI/MC-CDMA method, applied to mobile wireless communication systems, offers enhanced performance and flexibility relative to MC-CDMA with conventional spreading codes. Specifically, assuming a frequency selective Rayleigh-fading channel, CI/MC-CDMAs performance matches that of orthogonal MC-CDMA using Hadamard-Walsh codes up to the MC-CDMA N user limit; and, CI/MC-CDMA provides the added flexibility of going beyond N users, adding up to N-1 additional users with pseudo orthogonal positioning. When compared to MC-CDMA schemes capable of supporting greater than N users, CI/MC-CDMAs performance exceeds that of MC-CDMA. Additionally, this new system is analyzed in the presence of phase jitters and frequency offsets and is shown to be robust to both cases.
Tapered polymer single-mode waveguides for mode transformation (1999)

This paper presents a tapered polymer waveguide structure for coupling light between optical waveguides with differing geometries. Optical fibers, lasers, and other photonic integrated circuit components can be coupled with tapered waveguides. The polymer waveguide performs a mode transformation between different mode shapes and sizes. For example, the mode transformation can be from an elliptical laser diode mode to that of a circular optical fiber mode. The input and output of a tapered waveguide structure are analyzed, for the case of laser to fiber coupling, in order to determine the effect of misalignments on the coupling efficiency. Adiabaticity in waveguide propagation is discussed. The fabrication of our polymer waveguides is also described.
Retrovirus-mediated transfer of the suicide gene into retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro (1997)

HRPE cells were successfully transduced with the HSV-tk gene via retroviral vectors and displayed a strong bystander effect after treatment with ganciclovir. These results suggest that retrovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy might be a feasible treatment strategy for PVR.
Enadoline, a selective κ -opioid receptor agonist shows potent antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic actions in a rat model of surgical pain (1999)

Enadoline is a highly selective and potent kappa-opioid receptor agonist. This report describes and compares the activities of enadoline and morphine in a rat model of postoperative pain. A 1 cm incision through the muscle and skin of the plantar surface of the right hind paw induced thermal hyperalgesia as well as static and dynamic allodynia lasting at least 2 days. Postoperative testing was carried out using the plantar test for thermal hyperalgesia, von Frey hairs for static allodynia and light stroking with a cotton bud for dynamic allodynia. A single i.v. dose of enadoline 15 min before surgery dose-dependently (1-100 microg/kg) blocked the development of thermal hyperalgesia as well as static and dynamic allodynia for over 24 h with respective MEDs of < or = 1, 10 and 10 microg/kg. The administration of enadoline (100 microg/kg, i.v.), 1 h after surgery, completely blocked the maintenance of the hyperalgesic and allodynic responses, but its duration of action was much shorter (2 h) than when administered before surgery. Previous studies have shown that administration of morphine (1-6 mg/kg, s.c.) 0.5 h before surgery can prevent the development of thermal hyperalgesia with a MED of < or =1 mg/kg, but it has little effect on static allodynia. In the present study similar administration of morphine (1-3 mg/kg), unlike enadoline, had no effect on the development of dynamic allodynia. Morphine dose-dependently (1-6 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated isoflurane-induced sleeping time and respiratory depression in the rat. However, whilst enadoline also (1-1000 microg/kg, i.v.) potentiated isoflurane-induced sleeping time, it did not cause respiratory depression. It is suggested that enadoline may possess therapeutic potential as a pre-emptive antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic agent.
Determining the cost-effectiveness of the Registered Nurse First Assistant: the research link. (2002)

As monetary constraints in health care increase, stakeholders search for avenues to ensure cost-effective care provision. In the perioperative environment one such avenue involves the group of health care providers supporting surgeons and patients during surgery--the surgical assistant. In Canada, general practice physicians predominantly fill this role. Another viable option promoted as a cost-effective alternative to the physician assistant is the Registered Nurse First Assistant (RNFA). The relationship between RNFA cost-effectiveness and role implementation and reimbursement is explored in this article. The importance of formally determining the cost-effectiveness of the RNFA through the utilization and development of research is presented.
Constraints on Microcontact Printing Imposed by Stamp Deformation (2002)

Stamp deformation can affect the dimensional stability of the microcontact printing process. We consider limitations imposed due to reversible deformation of a single stamp. Detailed analyses of several modes of stamp deformation have been carried out. Stability criteria have been obtained for both vertical and lateral collapse of surface relief features, including buckling. The shape change of surface features imposed by surface tension has been analyzed, and the corresponding internal stresses are given in closed form. The residual stresses induced by chemical and thermal shrinkage when the elastomeric stamp is bonded to a stiff substrate are analyzed. In addition, the relation between applied load and displacement of a stamp supported by a stiff substrate is given in closed form. Contact stresses between the stamp and substrate have been analyzed both analytically and numerically by a finite element method. The role of adhesion in determining the contact area is clarified. The effect of surface roughness on the contact mechanics has been studied, and closed form solutions have been obtained for surface asperities that are periodically distributed. The contact mechanics of stamps with smooth relief features has been studied, and the dependence of contact area on the work of adhesion and the applied pressure is given in closed form. The force required to separate the stamp from the substrate has been estimated using a fracture mechanics approach. The stability and contact mechanics results are summarized by a stability and contact map.
Euro-Unionism and The Great Auction: An Assessment of the Prospects for the European Labour Movement Post-Maastricht (1995)

Abstract This article is concerned with the potential for the emergence of a coherent European labour movement, able to bargain at a European level with their employer counterparts. The conjuncture appears as favourable as it is likely to become, given the active support of the Commission backed by the Social Charter, the official status granted the Social Dialogue, and the activation of the Maastricht Social Protocol from November 1993. Moreover, as arguably the crucible of international unionism, the success or failure of the European movement is effectively a litmus test for international unionism more generally. To assess these matters, this article surveys the current prospects on a number of dimensions. First, it examines the strengths and weaknesses of the commitments under the Social Charter and its enactment to date. Sécond, it considers the Social Dialogue, and assesses progress to the present time. Third, in order to evaluate future potential, the nature of UNICE (the European employers' federation) and of the ETUC (European union peak body) are examined. Fourth, the changing nature of the challenge from international capital is outlined. The review concludes that, notwithstanding optimism in some quarters, there is some way to go before a convincing basis for real Euro-unionism and Euro-bargaining is established.
Oral Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves the Beneficial Effect of Adenoviral-mediated eNOS Gene Transfer After Induction of Hindlimb Ischemia (2010)

We tested the hypothesis that oral supplementation with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) improved the therapeutic efficacy of eNOS gene transfer in the ischemic rat hindlimb. BH(4) or vehicle were begun 1 week before induction of hindlimb ischemia, whereas recombinant adenovirus containing bovine eNOS cDNA (AdeNOS) or vehicle [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] was infused intra-arterially into the ischemic hindlimb 10 days after induction of ischemia. Rats receiving co-treatment with dietary BH(4) and eNOS gene transfer (the [eNOS, +BH(4)] group) had greater eNOS expression, phospho-eNOS expression (Ser(1177)), Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity, and nitrite + nitrate concentrations in the ischemic gastrocnemius than did rats receiving AdeNOS alone. The [eNOS, +BH(4)] group demonstrated less nitrotyrosine and a higher ratio of reduced:oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle than did rats receiving AdeNOS alone. The [eNOS, +BH(4)] group had greater flow recovery and a higher capillary:myocyte ratio in the ischemic hindlimb than did rats receiving AdeNOS alone. Finally, the [eNOS,+BH(4)] group had less necrosis of hindlimb muscles than rats given AdeNOS alone. We conclude that adjunctive dietary therapy with BH(4) increases the beneficial effects of eNOS gene transfer within the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle, as evidenced by increased nitric oxide (NO) production, diminished oxidative stress, enhanced flow recovery, and reduced necrosis.
Structural analysis of the major immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus (1984)

The most abundant species of human cytomegalovirus (Towne) immediate early polysome-associated RNA originates from a region of ca. 2.8 kilobases (0.739 to 0.755 map units) within the XbaI-E DNA fragment. These sequences code for a 1.95-kilobase mRNA and are referred to as immediate early coding region one (M. F. Stinski, D. R. Thomsen, R. M. Stenberg, and L. C. Goldstein, J. Virol. 46:1-14, 1983). We have utilized the nuclease mapping technique of Berk and Sharp (A. J. Berk and P. A. Sharp, Cell 12:721-732, 1977) to examine this gene in detail. Cloned fragments of human cytomegalovirus DNA, either labeled with 32P in vivo or end labeled in vitro at the 5' or 3' termini, were hybridized to immediate early polysome-associated RNA. The hybrids were treated with single-strand-specific nuclease and subjected to electrophoresis in either neutral or denaturing gels. The major transcript was shown to be a spliced molecule containing a 3' terminal exon of 1,341 nucleotides. Upstream of the major body of the mRNA are three small exon sequences of 185, 88, and 121 nucleotides. The sequence of the exons as well as the locations of the intron-exon splice junctions were determined. Based on the DNA sequence, the viral mRNA molecule has one open reading frame which begins within the second exon and extends for 491 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight of the polypeptide originating from this region was estimated to be 64,000. It is hypothesized that this viral gene codes for the major regulatory protein controlling transcription of the viral genome at early times. The properties of the viral gene and its protein product are discussed.
Image reconstruction in circular cone-beam computed tomography by constrained, total-variation minimization (2008)

An iterative algorithm, based on recent work in compressive sensing, is developed for volume image reconstruction from a circular cone-beam scan. The algorithm minimizes the total variation (TV) of the image subject to the constraint that the estimated projection data is within a specified tolerance of the available data and that the values of the volume image are non-negative. The constraints are enforced by the use of projection onto convex sets (POCS) and the TV objective is minimized by steepest descent with an adaptive step-size. The algorithm is referred to as adaptive-steepest-descent-POCS (ASD-POCS). It appears to be robust against cone-beam artifacts, and may be particularly useful when the angular range is limited or when the angular sampling rate is low. The ASD-POCS algorithm is tested with the Defrise disk and jaw computerized phantoms. Some comparisons are performed with the POCS and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. Although the algorithm is presented in the context of circular cone-beam image reconstruction, it can also be applied to scanning geometries involving other x-ray source trajectories.
Rule-based versus structure-based models for explaining and generating expert behavior (1987)

Flexible representations are required in order to understand and generate expert behavior. Although production rules with quantifiers can encode experiential knowledge, they often have assumptions implicit in them, making them brittle in problem scenarios where these assumptions do not hold. Qualitative models achieve flexibility by representing the domain entities and their interrelationships explicitly. However, in problem domains where assumptions underlying such models change periodically, it is necessary to be able to synthesize and maintain qualitative models in response to the changing assumptions. In this paper we argue for a representation that contains partial model components that are synthesized into qualitative models containing entities and relationships relevant to the domain. The model components can be replaced and rearranged in response to changes in the task environment. We have found this "model constructor" to be useful in synthesizing models that explain and generate expert behavior, and have explored its ability to support decision making in the problem domain of business resource planning, where reasoning is based on models that evolve in response to changing external conditions or internal policies.
Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: General Principles and Policy (1993)

This document defines the initial principles of operation for the tpc.int subdomain, a collection of service listings accessible over the Internet infrastructure through an administered namespace contained within the Domain Name System [1,2].
Reductions in Serum Vitamin A Arrest Accumulation of Toxic Retinal Fluorophores: A Potential Therapy for Treatment of Lipofuscin-Based Retinal Diseases (2005)

These findings demonstrate the vitamin A-dependent nature of A2E biosynthesis and validate a novel therapeutic approach with potential to halt the accumulation of lipofuscin fluorophores in the eye.
Array of biodegradable microrafts for isolation and implantation of living, adherent cells (2013)

A new strategy for efficient sorting and implantation of viable adherent cells into animals is described. An array of biodegradable micro-structures (microrafts) was fabricated using a polydimethylsiloxane substrate for micromolding poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Screening various forms of PLGA determined that the suitability of PLGA for microraft manufacture, biocompatibility and <i>in vitro</i> degradation was dependent on molecular weight and lactic/glycolic ratio. Cells plated on the array selectively attached to the microrafts and could be identified by their fluorescence, morphology or other criteria. The cells were efficiently dislodged and collected from the array using a microneedle device. The platform was used to isolate specific cells from a mixed population establishing the ability to sort target cells for direct implantation. As a proof of concept, fluorescently conjugated microrafts carrying tumor cells stably expressing luciferase were isolated from an array and implanted subcutaneously into mice. <i>In vivo</i> bio-luminescence imaging confirmed the growth of a tumor in the recipient animals. Imaging of tissue sections from the tumors demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> degradation of the implanted microrafts. The process is a new strategy for isolating and delivering a small number of adherent cells for animal implantation with potential applications in tissue repair, tumor induction, <i>in vivo</i> differentiation of stem cells and other biomedical research.
Single- and Multiple-Dose Randomized Studies of Blosozumab, a Monoclonal Antibody Against Sclerostin, in Healthy Postmenopausal Women (2013)

Two clinical studies were conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple doses (intravenous [iv] and subcutaneous [sc]) of blosozumab in postmenopausal women, including prior/current bisphosphonate (BP) users. In these phase 1, randomized, subject- and investigator-blind, placebo-controlled studies, subjects received escalating doses of blosozumab: single iv doses up to 750 mg, single sc doses of 150 mg, multiple iv doses up to 750 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) for 8 weeks, multiple sc doses up to 270 mg Q2W for 8 weeks, or placebo. Six subjects were randomized to each dose in the single-dose study (12 to placebo) and up to 12 subjects to each arm in the multiple-dose study. Blosozumab was well tolerated with no safety concerns identified after single or multiple administrations up to 750 mg. Dose-dependent responses were observed in sclerostin, N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type 1, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal fragment of type 1 collagen, and bone mineral density (BMD) after single and multiple (up to 5) administrations of blosozumab. There was up to a 3.41% (p=0.002) and up to a 7.71% (p<0.001) change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at day 85 after single or multiple administrations of blosozumab, respectively. Prior BP use did not appear to have a clear impact on the effects of single doses of blosozumab when considering bone biomarker and BMD responses. Antibodies to blosozumab were detected by a screening assay, but no patterns with regard to dose or route of administration and no clear impact on blosozumab exposure or PD responses were identified. In summary, blosozumab was well tolerated and exhibited anabolic effects on bone. These findings support further investigation of blosozumab as a potential anabolic therapy for osteoporosis.
Finding the Right (Bioorthogonal) Chemistry (2014)

Bioorthogonal chemistries can be used to tag diverse classes of biomolecules in cells and other complex environments. With over 20 unique transformations now available, though, selecting an appropriate reaction for a given experiment is challenging. In this article, we compare and contrast the most common classes of bioorthogonal chemistries and provide a framework for matching the reactions with downstream applications. We also discuss ongoing efforts to identify novel biocompatible reactions and methods to control their reactivity. The continued expansion of the bioorthogonal toolkit will provide new insights into biomolecule networks and functions and thus refine our understanding of living systems.
Targeted screening of cis- regulatory variation in human haplotypes (2008)

Regulatory cis-acting variants account for a large proportion of gene expression variability in populations. Cis-acting differences can be specifically measured by comparing relative levels of allelic transcripts within a sample. Allelic expression (AE) mapping for cis-regulatory variant discovery has been hindered by the requirements of having informative or heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes in order to assign the allelic origin of each transcript. In this study we have developed an approach to systematically screen for heritable cis-variants in common human haplotypes across >1,000 genes. In order to achieve the highest level of information per haplotype studied, we carried out allelic expression measurements by using both intronic and exonic SNPs in primary transcripts. We used a novel RNA pooling strategy in immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and primary human osteoblast cell lines (HObs) to allow for high-throughput AE. Screening hits from RNA pools were further validated by performing allelic expression mapping in individual samples. Our results indicate that >10% of expressed genes in human LCLs show genotype-linked AE. In addition, we have validated cis-acting variants in over 20 genes linked with common disease susceptibility in recent genome-wide studies. More generally, our results indicate that RNA pooling coupled with AE read-out by second generation sequencing or by other methods provides a high-throughput tool for cataloging the impact of common noncoding variants in the human genome.