gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Metabolism and Pyridine Nucleotide Levels during Xenopus Oocyte Maturation*, 1 (1985)

The rate of oxygen consumption increased in maturing Xenopus oocytes within 2 hr after progesterone addition, well before GVBD. This suggested an early requirement for energy metabolism during maturation, similar to the situation in sea urchin eggs during fertilization. Yet, the absence of similar increases in glucose-6-phosphate levels, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, glucose conversion to CO<sub>2</sub> , and the conversion of NAD(H) to NADP(H), indicated that carbohydrate metabolism was not being stimulated in Xenopus oocytes during maturation. The oxidation of other energy yielding substrates is discussed which might account for the finding that, within 5 min of progesterone addition, both reduced forms of the pyridine nucleotides increased 20% over control levels. This was later followed by a drop in NADH levels and a rise in NAD relative to controls. The significance of these changes in pyridine nucleotide levels and their relationship to a number of maturation events are discussed.
Chiral heliconical ground state of nanoscale pitch in a nematic liquid crystal of achiral molecular dimers (2013)

Freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy study of the nanoscale structure of the so-called "twist-bend" nematic phase of the cyanobiphenyl (CB) dimer molecule CB(CH2)7CB reveals stripe-textured fracture planes that indicate fluid layers periodically arrayed in the bulk with a spacing of d ~ 8.3 nm. Fluidity and a rigorously maintained spacing result in long-range-ordered 3D focal conic domains. Absence of a lamellar X-ray reflection at wavevector q ~ 2π/d or its harmonics in synchrotron-based scattering experiments indicates that this periodic structure is achieved with no detectable associated modulation of the electron density, and thus has nematic rather than smectic molecular ordering. A search for periodic ordering with d ~ in CB(CH2)7CB using atomistic molecular dynamic computer simulation yields an equilibrium heliconical ground state, exhibiting nematic twist and bend, of the sort first proposed by Meyer, and envisioned in systems of bent molecules by Dozov and Memmer. We measure the director cone angle to be θ(TB) ~ 25° and the full pitch of the director helix to be p(TB) ~ 8.3 nm, a very small value indicating the strong coupling of molecular bend to director bend.
Metathesis Route to Bridged Metallocenes (2002)

A variety of bridged metallocenes of Fe(II), Ru(II), Zr(IV), or Hf(IV) were prepared in good yield by the interannular ring-closing metathesis reaction of 1,1'-diallylmetallocenes using the Ru-carbene catalyst, and the present method was extended to diastereoselective reaction to give dl- or meso-bridged metallocenes with excellent stereoselectivity.
Expression of Bcl-2 family members in human melanocytes, in melanoma metastases and in melanoma cell lines (1998)

In human melanoma no complete information about the expression of the apoptosis-promoting and apoptosis-inhibiting members of the Bcl-2 family has been available to date. In this study we have investigated by Western blotting the expression pattern of Bcl-2 and its homologues Bax, Bak, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS, Mcl-1 and Bad in 12 distant lymph node metastases from patients who have been treated by different regimes, in nine newly established cell lines of these metastases, in three cell lines obtained from other sources and in primary melanocytic cell lines from three neonatal and two adult subjects. Taken together, our data suggest that Bax, Bak, Bad, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed in addition to Bcl-2 in both normal melanocytes and in cell lines established from melanoma metastases. Regarding the role of Bcl-2 and its homologues, our data suggest that expression of this class of proteins is widespread and qualitatively similar in melanoma cell lines and normal human melanocytes. Although the expression of these proteins might affect growth behaviour and the progression of melanomas, our results are not compatible with the hypothesis that the Bcl-2 homologues investigated play a dominant role in the process of malignant transformation of melanocytes.
Biodegradation of Aromatic Compounds by Escherichia coli (2001)

Although Escherichia coli has long been recognized as the best-understood living organism, little was known about its abilities to use aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy sources. This review gives an extensive overview of the current knowledge of the catabolism of aromatic compounds by E. coli. After giving a general overview of the aromatic compounds that E. coli strains encounter and mineralize in the different habitats that they colonize, we provide an up-to-date status report on the genes and proteins involved in the catabolism of such compounds, namely, several aromatic acids (phenylacetic acid, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phenylpropionic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and 3-hydroxycinnamic acid) and amines (phenylethylamine, tyramine, and dopamine). Other enzymatic activities acting on aromatic compounds in E. coli are also reviewed and evaluated. The review also reflects the present impact of genomic research and how the analysis of the whole E. coli genome reveals novel aromatic catabolic functions. Moreover, evolutionary considerations derived from sequence comparisons between the aromatic catabolic clusters of E. coli and homologous clusters from an increasing number of bacteria are also discussed. The recent progress in the understanding of the fundamentals that govern the degradation of aromatic compounds in E. coli makes this bacterium a very useful model system to decipher biochemical, genetic, evolutionary, and ecological aspects of the catabolism of such compounds. In the last part of the review, we discuss strategies and concepts to metabolically engineer E. coli to suit specific needs for biodegradation and biotransformation of aromatics and we provide several examples based on selected studies. Finally, conclusions derived from this review may serve as a lead for future research and applications.
Cleavage of L1 in Exosomes and Apoptotic Membrane Vesicles Released from Ovarian Carcinoma Cells (2005)

We suggest that tumor-derived vesicles may be an important source for soluble L1 that could regulate tumor cell function in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.
CD154-CD40 T-cell costimulation pathway is required in the mechanism of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, and its blockade facilitates and depends on heme oxygenase-1 mediated cytoprotection (2002)

This study confirms the importance of T cells, and documents for the first time the role of CD154 costimulation signals in the mechanism of hepatic I/R injury. We also show that CD154 blockade-mediated cytoprotection results and depends on HO-1 overexpression. Our data provide the rationale for human trials to target CD154-CD40 costimulation in hepatic I/R injury, particularly in the transplant patient.
A General Route to Printable High‐Mobility Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors (2007)

A general low-cost method for ink-jet printing transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (see figure) is presented. The process uses metal halide precursors dissolved in acetonitrile, and this precursor solution is capable of forming a uniform and continuous metal halide thin film over a large area through both ink-jet printing and blanket-coating techniques.
Thermal stability of GaN thin films grown on (0001) Al2O3, (0112) Al2O3 and (0001)Si 6H-SiC substrates (1994)

Single crystals of GaN were grown on (0001), (011̄2) Al2O3 and (0001)Si 6H-SiC substrates using an atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical-vapor-deposition reactor. The relationship has been studied between the thermal stability of the GaN films and the substrate’s surface polarity. It appeared that the N-terminated (0001) GaN surface grown on (0001)Si 6H-SiC has the most stable surface, followed by the nonpolar (112̄0) GaN surface grown on (011̄2) Al2O3, while the Ga-terminated (0001) GaN surface grown on (0001) Al2O3 has the least stable surface. This is explained with the difference in the atomic configuration of each of these surfaces which induces a difference in their thermal decomposition.
Microarray reveals complement components are regulated in the serum-deprived rat retinal ganglion cell line. (2007)

This study was undertaken to generate a genome-wide gene expression profile of RGC-5 after serum deprivation, and to identify candidate and novel genes that may be involved in the signal transduction pathways leading to apoptosis. RGC-5 serum deprivation revealed up-and downregulation in gene expression profiles. The data gathered from this study was the first report that the genes identified in microarray data and validated by real-time RT-PCR may play an important role in RGC-5 cell death. Among the validated genes, C3 and C1s showed significant upregulation of the complement component pathway. The results further indicate that components of the complement pathway are present in neurons of the rat retina. The data indicated that complement factors are likely involved in the pathway leading to ganglion cell death in the serum-deprivation paradigm, which may be similar to the mechanism of cell death in glaucoma.
SENTIDO DE LA FORMACIÓN DOCENTE DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA SOCIOCRÍTICA (2011)

Recientemente se ha presentado un creciente interes por la educacion superior y por la formacion pedagogica de los docentes universitarios. Por esto, merece especial atencion aquellos fenomenos que afectan la labor pedagogica universitaria y plantear una reflexion en torno al sentido y la importancia de pensar la formacion del docente universitario como un proceso de transformacion y emancipacion en la comprension de las practicas docentes y los procesos de ensenanza y de aprendizaje que se vinculan a la educacion superior. Este articulo constituye una reflexion en torno a la formacion docente desde la perspectiva de la pedagogia sociocritica.
Identification of Potent Reverse Indazole Inhibitors for HPK1 (2021)

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase (HPK1), a negative regulator of TCR-mediated T-cell activation, has been recognized as a novel antitumor immunotherapy target. Structural optimization of kinase inhibitor <b>4</b> through a systematic two-dimensional diversity screen of pyrazolopyridines led to the identification of potent and selective compounds. Crystallographic studies with HPK1 revealed a favorable water-mediated interaction with Asp155 and a salt bridge to Asp101 with optimized heterocyclic solvent fronts that were critical for enhanced potency and selectivity. Computational studies of model systems revealed differences in torsional profiles that allowed for these beneficial protein-ligand interactions. Further optimization of molecular properties led to identification of potent and selective reverse indazole inhibitor <b>36</b> that inhibited phosphorylation of adaptor protein SLP76 in human PBMC and exhibited low clearance with notable bioavailability in <i>in vivo</i> rat studies.
Bacterial Protein Toxins with Latent ADP‐Ribosyl Transferases Activities (1986)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Diphtheria Toxin Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Vibrio cholerae and E. coli Enterotoxins Pertussis Toxin Concluding Remarks
Developmentally regulated changes in extracellular matrix in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the ductus arteriosus may be related to intimal proliferation. (1991)

In the late gestation fetal lamb ductus arteriosus (DA), intimal proliferation is observed, characterized by smooth muscle migration and proliferation in the subendothelium. The nature of changes in the endothelial and smooth muscle extracellular matrix associated with the development of this feature are not known. We assessed the production of glycoproteins (fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate) in endothelial and smooth muscle cells harvested from the DA, aorta (Ao), and pulmonary artery of fetal lambs at 100 days gestation, before the appearance of DA intimal proliferation, and at 138 days, when well-developed intimal 'cushions' are seen. In passage 3 cells, glycoprotein synthesis was measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after 48 hours incubation with [35S]methionine, and GAGs were assessed by labeling with [3H] glucosamine and separation on DEAE ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Analyses were carried out on culture medium, cell layer, and solubilized matrix. Fibronectin secretion by DA smooth muscle cells from 100-day lambs was found to be twice that of Ao or pulmonary artery cells. No significant differences were seen in smooth muscle cells from 138-day lambs or when comparing endothelial cells from each of the vascular sites at both gestational ages. As well, there were no DA-specific differences in laminin or type IV collagen. No significant differences in endothelial GAG secretion were observed comparing each vascular site at both gestational ages. Analysis of endothelial-derived matrices, however, revealed increased incorporation of hyaluronic acid in the DA from 100-day lambs, 10-fold that of the pulmonary artery and Ao, and increased heparan sulfate. These differences were still present in cell matrices from late gestation animals, but were less marked. No differences in GAGs were seen when comparing smooth muscle cells. Incubation of 100-day DA and Ao smooth muscle cells with endothelial conditioned medium however, resulted in a 2-fold increase in chondroitin sulfate in DA, compared with Ao. These results indicate that distinct, developmentally regulated patterns of extracellular matrix production are related to vascular site and specific features appear to precede intimal proliferation in the DA.
Direct visualization of colloidal gold‐bound molecules and a cell‐surface receptor by ultrahigh‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (1991)

The structure of protein A-coated colloidal gold particles, and of macrophage cell-surface receptors conjugated with immunogold particles, was studied using an ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscope. Protein A, when conjugated with 15-nm gold, formed a coat completely surrounding the particle. Particles conjugated with both protein A and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were similar, but with additional protrusions formed by the IgG. IgG molecules directly bound to gold were resolved sometimes as complexes of three units, sometimes as more filamentous, V-shaped structures. On the cell surface of macrophage reacted with a monoclonal antibody to Mac-1 antigen (the murine C3bi receptor) followed by protein A-gold, gold particles were seen to be linked via the IgG to the receptor, visualized as a round granule.
Protective effect of beraprost sodium, a stable prostacyclin analog, in the development of cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema (2009)

Chronic inflammation, imbalance of proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activities, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of lung structural cells contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. Prostacyclin protects cells against apoptosis, has anti-inflammatory properties, partially prevents cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced apoptosis of the pulmonary endothelium, and thus may be relevant in the pathogenesis of emphysema. We determined whether a synthetic stable prostacyclin analog, beraprost sodium (BPS), attenuates the development of CSE-induced emphysema and elucidated the molecular mechanisms involved in its effect. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with BPS and injected with CSE once a week for 3 wk. We measured the DNA damage of cells, the expression of caspase-3, and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. We also analyzed TNFalpha and IL-1beta concentrations and the serum antioxidant activity. BPS prevented the development of CSE-induced emphysema, resulting in significant attenuation in alveolar enlargement and pulmonary parenchymal destruction. BPS inhibited pulmonary apoptosis and induction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Moreover, the protective effect of BPS was associated with a reduction of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFalpha and IL-1beta and a normalized biological oxidant activity. BPS introduces all these events, probably by activating cAMP signaling through acting specific prostacyclin receptors. In conclusion, BPS protects against the development of CSE-induced emphysema by attenuating apoptosis, inhibiting proteolytic enzyme activity, reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, and augmenting antioxidant activity. BPS may potentially represent a new therapeutic option in the prevention of emphysema in humans in prospect.
Early and late outcome after CABG in patients with evolving myocardial infarction (1997)

CABG can be performed with acceptable early and long-term risk in selected patients with evolving myocardial infarction, whatever their hemodynamic state. Outcome as regards survival is neither adversely or advantageously affected by choice of bypassing conduit. An evolving myocardial infarction with stable hemodynamics carries a lesser risk than an unstable anginal state with changing ST-segment.
2-Furyl Phosphines as Ligands for Transition-Metal-Mediated Organic Synthesis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Furyl Phosphines as Ligands for Transition-Metal-Mediated Organic SynthesisNeil G. Andersen and Brian A. KeayView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 4, 997–1030Publication Date (Web):March 9, 2001Publication History Received20 October 2000Published online9 March 2001Published inissue 1 April 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000024ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000024oresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4395Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Cross coupling reaction,Group 15 compounds,Ligands Get e-Alerts
Dynamics of Loading the β Sliding Clamp of DNA Polymerase III onto DNA (1996)

A "minimal" DNA primer-template system, consisting of an 80-mer template and 30-mer primer, supports processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase III core in the presence of the beta sliding clamp, gamma complex clamp loader, and single-stranded binding protein from Escherichia coli. This primer-template system was used to measure the loading of the beta sliding clamp by the gamma complex in an ATP-dependent reaction. Bound protein-DNA complexes were detected by monitoring fluorescence depolarization of DNA. Steady state and time-resolved anisotropies were measured, and stopped-flow pre-steady state fluorescence measurements allowed visualization of the loading reactions in real time. The rate of loading beta onto DNA was 12 s-1, demonstrating that clamp assembly is rapid on the time scale required for lagging strand Okazaki fragment synthesis. The association rate appears to be limited by an intramolecular step occurring prior to the clamp-loading reaction, possibly the opening of the toroidal beta dimer.
Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus (2004)

This study is the first to show evidence that in SLE, specific B cell depletion therapy with rituximab dramatically improves abnormalities in B cell homeostasis and tolerance that are characteristic of this disease. The persistence of elevated autoantibody titers may reflect the presence of low levels of residual autoreactive memory B cells and/or long-lived autoreactive plasma cells.
Efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol plus methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis: the RAPID 2 study. A randomised controlled trial (2008)

NCT00175877.
Magnetoplasmonics: Magnetoplasmonics: Combining Magnetic and Plasmonic Functionalities (Advanced Optical Materials 1/2013) (2013)

Cebollada and co-workers review on page 10 how the combination of plasmonic and magnetic functionalities gives rise to magnetoplasmonic systems, where both the magneto-optical and plasmonic properties can be engineered. For example, the effect of the magnetic field on the optical properties of these systems can be increased under plasmon excitation. Additionally, in these systems, the wavelength of the propagating surface plasmons can be externally controlled under the application of a magnetic field.
First and Second Generation Total Synthesis of the Teicoplanin Aglycon (2001)

Full details of studies leading to the total synthesis of the teicoplanin aglycon are provided. Key elements of the first generation approach (26 steps from constituent amino acids, 1% overall) include the coupling of an EFG tripeptide precursor to the common vancomycin/teicoplanin ABCD ring system and sequential DE macrocyclization of the 16-membered ring with formation of the diaryl ether via a phenoxide nucleophilic aromatic substitution of an o-fluoronitroaromatic (80%, 3:1 atropisomer diastereoselection) followed by 14-membered FG ring closure by macrolactamization (66%). Subsequent studies have provided a second generation total synthesis which is shorter, more convergent, and highly diastereoselective (22 steps, 2% overall). This was accomplished by altering the order of ring closures such that FG macrolactamization (95%) preceded coupling of the EFG tripeptide to the ABCD ring system and subsequent DE ring closure. Notably, DE macrocyclization via diaryl ether formation on substrate 57, the key intermediate in the latter approach incorporating the intact FG ring system, occurred with exceptional diastereoselection for formation of the natural atropisomer (>10:1, 76%) without problematic C(2)(3) epimerization provided the basicity of the reaction is minimized.
Micrometer‐Scale Mixing with Pickering Emulsions: Biphasic Reactions without Stirring (2013)

A general strategy that avoids stirring for organic/aqueous reactions involving solid catalysts is reported. The strategy involves converting a conventional biphasic system into a Pickering emulsion phase with micrometer-scale droplets ensuring good mixing. In test reactions, nitrotoluene reduction and epoxidation of allylic alcohols, the reaction efficiency is comparable to conventional stirrer-driven biphasic catalysis reaction systems. Short diffusion distances, arising from the compartmentalization of densely packed droplets, play an important role in boosting the reaction efficiency.