gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of WISP-1 Down-regulated Motility and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells through Inhibition of Rac Activation (2003)

Wnt-induced-secreted-protein-1 (WISP-1) is a cysteine-rich, secreted factor belonging to the CCN family. These proteins have been implicated in the inhibition of metastasis; however, the mechanisms involved have not been described. We demonstrated that overexpression of WISP-1 in H460 lung cancer cells inhibited lung metastasis and in vitro cell invasion and motility. We investigated the possibility that WISP-1 may regulate activation of Rac, a small GTPase important for cytoskeletal reorganizations during motility. In an indirect assay, WISP-1-expressing cells exhibited marked reduction in Rac activation compared with control cells. Blocking antibodies to alpha(v)beta(5) and alpha(1) integrins restored Rac activation in WISP-1 cells, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of WISP-1 on Rac lies downstream of integrins. Constitutively activated Rac mutant (RacG12V) was transfected into WISP-1 cells to restore Rac activation and these WISP-1/RacG12V transfectants were used for further studies. We performed microarray and real-time PCR analyses to identify genes involved in invasion that may be differentially regulated by WISP-1. Here, we showed decreased expression of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in WISP-1 cells compared with controls but increased expression in WISP-1/RacG12V cells. In an invasion assay across collagen I, an MMP-1 target matrix, WISP-1 cells were significantly less invasive compared with controls, whereas WISP-1/RacG12V cells showed elevated invasion levels. This work illustrates a negatively regulated pathway by WISP-1 involving integrins and Rac in the down-regulation of invasion.
Influence of PEG Architecture on Protein Adsorption and Conformation (2005)

Poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) copolymers with various grafting ratios were adsorbed to niobium pentoxide-coated silicon wafers and characterized before and after protein adsorption using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Three proteins of different sizes, myoglobin (16 kD), albumin (67 kD), and fibrinogen (340 kD), were studied. XPS was used to quantify the amount of protein adsorbed to the bare and PEGylated surfaces. ToF-SIMS and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study protein conformational changes on these surfaces. The smallest protein, myoglobin, generally adsorbed in higher numbers than the much larger fibrinogen. Protein adsorption was lowest on the surfaces with the highest PEG chain surface density and increased as the PEG layer density decreased. The highest adsorption was found on lysine-coated and bare niobium surfaces. ToF-SIMS and PCA data evaluation provided further information on the degree of protein denaturation, which, for a particular protein, were found to decrease with increasing PEG surface density and increase with decreasing protein size.
Advances in immunotoxins 1 (1991)

The field of immunotoxins is continuing to grow, as shown by the increase in attendance (175 vs. 145) and abstracts (110 vs. 60) at the symposium. Advances in the molecular biology of the toxins and clinical applications were notable at this meeting. The next 2 years should see better definition of the mechanism of action of peptide toxins as well as improvements in the design of targeted toxins for potential therapy of a wide variety of human diseases.
Pubovaginal Fascial Sling for the Treatment of Complicated Stress Urinary Incontinence (1991)

We reviewed retrospectively 67 consecutive women with complicated stress incontinence who underwent a pubovaginal fascial sling procedure by a single surgeon. A detailed micturition questionnaire was completed at the last followup, which ranged from 1 to 8 years, with a mean of 3.5 years. Postoperatively, 82% of the women claimed that they were never incontinent and never wore pads, while 9% were incontinent less often than once per 2 weeks and 9% 9% continued to have troublesome incontinence on a daily basis. Only 2 of these women had persistent stress incontinence; the remainder (5) had urge incontinence. In 6 patients with a neurogenic bladder postoperative urinary retention was expected and they were treated with intermittent self-catheterization. Two patients had urethral obstruction by the sling and required prolonged (probably permanent) intermittent self-catheterization.
Transfusion to blood group A and O patients of group B RBCs that have been enzymatically converted to group O (2000)

ECO RBCs were comparable to group O cells for safety and efficacy in this study. The clinical significance of the increase in anti-B and of occasional serologic incompatibilities with ECO RBCs is unclear. If strategies can be developed to remove A epitopes, enzymatic conversion could be used to create a universal (group O) donor blood supply.
Efficacy of i-Factor Bone Graft versus Autograft in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (2016)

1.
Chitin/chitosan transformation by thermo‐mechano‐chemical treatment including characterization by enzymatic depolymerization (1990)

Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, was until recently produced by hydrolysis in 50% (w/v) NaOH. Application of thermo-mechano-chemical technology to chitin deacetylation was evaluated as an alternative method of chitosan production. This process consists of a cascade reactor unit operating under reduced alkaline conditions of 10% (w/v) NaOH. Prior mercerization of chitin at 4 degrees C for 24 h was required for high deacetylation yields. Sudden decompression of the aqueous alkaline suspension of mercerized chitin resulted in near complete deacetylation of chitin. Reactor residence time was 90 s at 230 degrees C prior to decompression. The chitosan produced was characterized by elemental analysis, (13)C-NMR and enzymatic depolymerization. Enzymatic determination of the degree of acetylation of chitin/chitosan mixtures was also investigated. Relative chitinase and/or chitosanase digestibilities were shown to be strongly dependent on chitin deacetylation. Based on enzymatic digestibilities, the alkaline aqueous high shear process does not appear to produce significant secondary products. Correlation of chitosanase digestibility with percentage of deacetylation provides a simple biological assay to study chitosan composition.
Ultrasound-Guided Optical Coherence Tomography Needle Probe for the Assessment of Breast Cancer Tumor Margins (2012)

Use of the ultrasound-guided optical needle probe allowed in situ assessment of fresh tissue margins. The imaging findings corresponded to the histologic findings.
Molecular characterization of Bacillus anthracis using multiplex PCR, ERIC-PCR and RAPD (2001)

ERIC-PCR and RAPD assay could be effective in differentiating virulent from avirulent B. anthracis. Our results also show that the amplification of the large plasmids was allowed in the ERIC-PCR and RAPD assay.
A Growth Algorithm for Neural Network Decision Trees (1990)

This paper explores the application of neural network principles to the construction of decision trees from examples. We consider the problem of constructing a tree of perceptrons able to execute a given but arbitrary Boolean function defined on Ni input bits. We apply a sequential (from one tree level to the next) and parallel (for neurons in the same level) learning procedure to add hidden units until the task in hand is performed. At each step, we use a perceptron-type algorithm over a suitable defined input space to minimize a classification error. The internal representations obtained in this way are linearly separable. Preliminary results of this algorithm are presented.
Sequence homology between putative raw-starch binding domains from different starch-degrading enzymes (1989)

Research Article| November 15 1989 Sequence homology between putative raw-starch binding domains from different starch-degrading enzymes B Svensson; B Svensson *Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H Jespersen; H Jespersen *Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M R Sierks; M R Sierks *Department of Chemistry, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E A MacGregor E A MacGregor †Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1989) 264 (1): 309–311. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640309 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B Svensson, H Jespersen, M R Sierks, E A MacGregor; Sequence homology between putative raw-starch binding domains from different starch-degrading enzymes. Biochem J 15 November 1989; 264 (1): 309–311. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2640309 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 London: The Biochemical Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The retinoblastoma gene pathway regulates the postmitotic state of hair cells of the mouse inner ear (2005)

Precursors of cochlear and vestibular hair cells of the inner ear exit the cell cycle at midgestation. Hair cells are mitotically quiescent during late-embryonic differentiation stages and postnatally. We show here that the retinoblastoma gene Rb and the encoded protein pRb are expressed in differentiating and mature hair cells. In addition to Rb, the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p21 is expressed in developing hair cells, suggesting that p21 is an upstream effector of pRb activity. p21 apparently cooperates with other CKIs, as p21-null mice exhibited an unaltered inner ear phenotype. By contrast, Rb inactivation led to aberrant hair cell proliferation, as analysed at birth in a loss-of-function/transgenic mouse model. Supernumerary hair cells expressed various cell type-specific differentiation markers, including components of stereocilia. The extent of alterations in stereociliary bundle morphology ranged from near-normal to severe disorganization. Apoptosis contributed to the mutant phenotype, but did not compensate for the production of supernumerary hair cells, resulting in hyperplastic sensory epithelia. The Rb-null-mediated proliferation led to a distinct pathological phenotype, including multinucleated and enlarged hair cells, and infiltration of hair cells into the mesenchyme. Our findings demonstrate that the pRb pathway is required for hair cell quiescence and that manipulation of the cell cycle machinery disrupts the coordinated development within the inner ear sensory epithelia.
The SDF‐1/CXCR4 ligand/receptor pair is an important contributor to several types of ocular neovascularization (2007)

Hypoxia causes increased expression of several proteins that have the potential to promote neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is up-regulated by hypoxia in the retina and plays a central role in the development of several types of ocular neovascularization, but the effects of other hypoxia-regulated proteins are less clear. Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4, have hypoxia response elements in the promoter regions of their genes and are increased in hypoxic liver and heart. In this study, we found that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are increased in hypoxic retina, with SDF-1 localized in glial cells primarily near the surface of the retina and CXCR4 localized in bone marrow-derived cells. Glial cells also expressed CXCR4, which suggested the possibility of autocrine stimulation, but influx of bone marrow-derived cells is the major source of increased levels of CXCR4. High levels of VEGF in the retina in the absence of hypoxia also increased levels of Cxcr4 and Sdf1 mRNA. CXCR4 antagonists reduced influx of bone marrow-derived cells into ischemic retina and strongly suppressed retinal neovascularization, VEGF-induced subretinal neovascularization, and choroidal neovascularization. These data suggest that SDF-1 and CXCR4 contribute to the involvement of bone marrow-derived cells and collaborate with VEGF in the development of several types of ocular neovascularization. They provide new targets for therapeutic intervention that may help to bolster and supplement effects obtained with VEGF antagonists.
Isolating fetal cells in maternal circulation for prenatal diagnosis (1994)

Fetal cells unequivocally exist in and can be isolated from maternal blood. Erythroblasts, trophoblasts, granulocytes and lymphocytes have all been isolated by various density gradient and flow sorting techniques. Chromosomal abnormalities detected on isolated fetal cells include trisomy 21, trisomy 18, Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and 47,XYY. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has enabled the detection of fetal sex, Mendelian disorders (e.g. beta-globin mutations), HLA polymorphisms, and fetal Rhesus (D) blood type. The fetal cell type that has generated the most success is the nucleated erythrocyte; however, trophoblasts, lymphocytes and granulocytes are also considered to be present in maternal blood. Fetal cells circulate in maternal blood during the first and second trimesters, and their detection is probably not affected by Rh or ABO maternal-fetal incompatibilities. Emphasis is now directed toward determining the most practical and efficacious manner for this technique to be applied to prenatal genetic diagnosis. Only upon completion of clinical evaluations could it be considered appropriate to offer this technology as an alternative to conventional invasive and non-invasive methods of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis.
Subband decomposition of signals with generalized sampling (1993)

The authors generalize down and up-sampling operations by proposing block sampling. Perfect reconstruction conditions for two-band subband coding with block sampling are derived. By generalizing the sampling operation, new degrees of freedom are introduced and as a result, filter banks which were not previously possible become possible. Generalized down-sampler introduces different aliasing components than that of the traditional down-sampler. This can be used to ease some the requirements of the filter bank design problem. A constructive sampling method is proposed so that coprimeness of the transfer functions of the analysis filter banks is not only a necessary but also sufficient condition for perfect reconstruction. The results are extended to the case where the filter banks are linear periodically time-varying. The multichannel case is analyzed and the relation between unimodular matrices and perfect reconstruction filter banks is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evidence for Autotrophic CO 2 Fixation via the Reductive Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle by Members of the ε Subdivision of Proteobacteria (2005)

Based on 16S rRNA gene surveys, bacteria of the epsilon subdivision of proteobacteria have been identified to be important members of microbial communities in a variety of environments, and quite a few have been demonstrated to grow autotrophically. However, no information exists on what pathway of autotrophic carbon fixation these bacteria might use. In this study, Thiomicrospira denitrificans and Candidatus Arcobacter sulfidicus, two chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers of the epsilon subdivision of proteobacteria, were examined for activities of the key enzymes of the known autotrophic CO(2) fixation pathways. Both organisms contained activities of the key enzymes of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Furthermore, no activities of key enzymes of other CO(2) fixation pathways, such as the Calvin cycle, the reductive acetyl coenzyme A pathway, and the 3-hydroxypropionate cycle, could be detected. In addition to the key enzymes, the activities of the other enzymes involved in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle could be measured. Sections of the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP citrate lyase could be amplified from both organisms. These findings represent the first direct evidence for the operation of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle for autotrophic CO(2) fixation in epsilon-proteobacteria. Since epsilon-proteobacteria closely related to these two organisms are important in many habitats, such as hydrothermal vents, oxic-sulfidic interfaces, or oilfields, these results suggest that autotrophic CO(2) fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle might be more important than previously considered.
A Good American President (2020)

This chapter describes political engineering at an atomic level, that is, addressing what makes a competent elected official and using the office of president of the United States as an example. The authors published a series of books and associated papers that presented the overall construct in applying systems engineering and information technology to improving government systems and performance. Here is a demonstration in applying concepts to help citizen-voters strengthen their ability to analyze and evaluate the candidate and incumbent performance with a standard approach and criteria. Since political parties have a responsibility in vetting candidates bearing their brand, the authors encourage political leaders to focus on improving their process because citizens depend on them for candidate quality and integrity. Being a part of pluralistic democracy is a serious responsibility that requires continuous improvement.
Thrombolysis in Ischaemic Stroke – Present and Future: Role of Combined Therapy (2001)

In future, there will most likely be others to challenge the strategy of the combined therapy, and this strategy will sooner or later lead to a benchmark breakthrough. It is unlikely that any of these therapies or their combinations will work without well-organised services, which can provide fast and efficient medical care. Without such a triage, any drug will be unlikely to have a major impact on stroke recovery.
Enhanced Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus in Human Fibroblasts Treated with Dexamethasone (1984)

The effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was studied in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. Treatment of cells with pharmacological concentrations of adrenal glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone enhanced HCMV replication; treatment with oestrogenic or androgenic hormones did not do so. In dexamethasone-treated HEL cells there was an approximately tenfold increase in virus yield, with the virus eclipse period shortened by 1 day compared to control cultures. Treatment of cells with the hormone also enhanced plaquing efficiency of the virus by approximately tenfold. As the synthesis of virus-specific immediate early proteins and antigens was notably enhanced together with an increase of HCMV DNA synthesis, it appeared that the early stages of the HCMV replication cycle might be under hormonal control. Moreover, the data presented suggest that the hormonal enhancement of HCMV replication involves specific receptor proteins and requires the synthesis of a specific cellular mRNA(s).
Integrating polling, interrupts, and thread management (2002)

Many user-level communication systems receive network messages by polling the network adapter from user space. While polling avoids the overhead of interrupt-based mechanisms, it is not suited for all parallel applications. This paper describes a general-purpose, multithreaded, communication system that uses both polling and interrupts to receive messages. Users need not insert polls into their code; through a careful integration of the user-level communication software with a user-level thread scheduler, the system can automatically switch between polling and interrupts. We have evaluated the performance of this integrated system on Myrinet, using a synthetic benchmark and a number of applications that have very different communication requirements. We show that the integrated system achieves robust performance: in most cases, it performs as well as or better than systems that rely exclusively on interrupts or polling.
Determination of Octane Numbers and Reid Vapor Pressure of Commercial Petroleum Fuels Using FT-Raman Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares Regression Analysis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Octane Numbers and Reid Vapor Pressure of Commercial Petroleum Fuels Using FT-Raman Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares Regression AnalysisJohn B. Cooper, Kent L. Wise, James. Groves, and William T. WelchCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 22, 4096–4100Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00118a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00118a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dithering with blue noise (1988)

Digital halftoning, also referred to as spatial dithering is a method of rendering the illusion of continuous-tone pictures on displays that are capable of only producing binary picture elements. The concept of blue noise-high-frequency white noise-is introduced and found to have desirable properties for halftoning. Efficient algorithms for dithering with blue noise, based on perturbed error diffusion, are developed. The nature of dither patterns produced is extensively examined in the frequency domain. Metrics for analyzing the frequency content of aperiodic patterns for both rectangular and hexagonal grids are developed; blue-noise dithering is found to be ideally suited for rectangular grids. Several carefully selected digitally produced examples are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>