gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collateral Circulation Following Repeated Distal Embolization of the Hepatic Artery in Pigs (1984)

The distal hepatic arteries of eight pigs were embolized weekly with nondegradable microparticles. Hepatic angiograms were obtained before and after each embolization. One week after the last embolization Microfil was injected into the arterial and portal vascular beds of the liver prior to sacrifice. This study reveals that extensive collateral circulation develops after both primary and repeat embolization. After a third embolization in four of the pigs, the hepatic arterial circulation was almost totally abolished in two pigs with resulting extensive liver necrosis. An intact portal circulation is not sufficient to prevent infarction in dearterialized liver parenchyma.
Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified (2006)

This demonstrates that choosing protein models based on their source or method of construction may not be appropriate.
A facile method for attaching nitroxide spin labels at the 5′ terminus of nucleic acids† (2007)

In site-directed spin labeling (SDSL), a nitroxide moiety containing a stable, unpaired electron is covalently attached to a specific site within a macromolecule, and structural and dynamic information at the labeling site is obtained via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Successful SDSL requires efficient site-specific incorporation of nitroxides. Work reported here presents a new method for facile nitroxide labeling at the 5' terminus of nucleic acids of arbitrary sizes. T4-polynucleotide kinase was used to enzymatically substitute a phosphorothioate group at the 5' terminus of a nucleic acid, and the resulting phosphorothioate was then reacted with an iodomethyl derivative of a nitroxide. The method was successfully demonstrated on both chemically synthesized and naturally occurring nucleic acids. The attached nitroxides reported duplex formation as well as tertiary folding of nucleic acids, indicating that they serve as a valid probe in nucleic acid studies.
Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Tumors (1996)

Telomerase activity was detected in more than 95% of advanced stage breast cancers. It was absent in 19%-32% of less advanced cancers. Since a determination of any association between telomerase activity and patient survival is not possible at the present time, it remains to be determined whether lack of telomerase activity predicts for favorable outcome.
Self-expandable spindle for transcatheter vascular occlusion: in vivo experiments. Work in progress. (1993)

A mechanical vascular occluder was studied in eight pigs to test its efficacy in arteries of different diameters, stability over time, and safety in placement. The main component is a self-expandable spindle made of tubular stainless steel mesh. Simple steel spindles, double spindles, and Dacron-core spindles were placed in the common carotid artery, main renal artery, renal artery branches, and infrarenal aorta. Follow-up arteriograms were obtained immediately, 30-60 minutes, and (except for aortic spindles) 7 days after deployment. The left common carotid artery was occluded in all pigs, regardless of spindle type. In the main renal artery and its branches, simple steel spindles did not achieve complete occlusion. Double and Dacron-core spindles produced immediate occlusion without recanalization on the 1-week follow-up arteriogram, except for one spindle with an incomplete Dacron core and two spindles that did not completely fill the arterial lumen. Two Dacron-core spindles achieved immediate complete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. No migration was seen with any spindle.
A preliminary architecture for a basic data-flow processor (1998)

A processor is described which can achieve highly parallel execution of programs represented in dataflow form.
Perspectives on anti-CD47 antibody treatment for experimental cancer (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Diode-pumped passively Q-switched picosecond microchip lasers (1994)

Passively Q-switched 1.064-microm microchip lasers have been constructed from thin pieces of Nd(3+):YAG bonded to thin pieces of Cr(4+):YAG. When pumped with the unfocused 1.2-W output of a fiber-coupled diode, these devices produced 11-microJ pulses of 337-ps duration at a pulse repetition rate of 6 kHz in a single-frequency TEM(00) mode. The peak power of the lasers was in excess of 180 MW/cm(2).
ACCURACY OF MP3 SPEECH RECOGNITION UNDER REAL-WORD CONDITIONS - Experimental Study (2011)

This paper presents the study of speech recognition accuracy with respect to different levels of MP3 compression. Special attention is focused on the processing of speech signals with different quality, i.e. with different level of background noise and channel distortion. The work was motivated by possible usage of ASR for offline automatic transcription of audio recordings collected by standard wide-spread MP3 devices. The realized experiments have proved that although MP3 format is not optimal for speech compression it does not distort speech significantly especially for high or moderate bit rates and high quality of source data. The accuracy of connected digits ASR decreased consequently very slowly up to the bit rate 24 kbps. For the best case of PLP parameterization in close-talk channel just 3% decrease of recognition accuracy was observed while the size of the compressed file was approximately 10% of the original size. All results were slightly worse under presence of additive background noise and channel distortion in a signal but achieved accuracy was also acceptable in this case especially for PLP features.
pH-Dependent Thickness Behavior of Sequentially Adsorbed Layers of Weak Polyelectrolytes (2000)

A detailed study of the role that solution pH plays in the layer-by-layer processing of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allylamine hydrochoride) was carried out. It was found that dramatically different polymer adsorption behavior is observed as one systematically increases (or decreases) the charge density of a weak polyelectrolyte including transitions from very thick adsorbed layers (ca. 80 Å) to very thin adsorbed layers (ca. 4 Å) over a very narrow pH range. By controlling pH, it is possible to vary the thickness of an adsorbed polycation or polyanion layer from 5 to 80 Å. In addition, control over the bulk and surface composition of the resultant multilayer thin films is readily achieved via simple pH adjustments. These studies have provided new insights into the polyelectrolyte sequential adsorption process and have already opened up some interesting technological applications.
C reactive protein and acute phase of ischaemic stroke (2001)

EDITOR—Higher C reactive protein concentrations indicate increased risk of coronary and cerebrovascular events in otherwise healthy individuals1 and a worse prognosis in myocardial infarction2 and ischaemic stroke.3 According to Pepys and Berger, the available data support its potential role as a marker of cardiovascular risk.4 To be of clinical use, however, the protein must have an independent prognostic value over and above that of the data already routinely available.

In patients with acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke the extent of …
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Human Kallikrein-2 Gene Highly Correlates With Serum Human Kallikrein-2 Levels and in Combination Enhances Prostate Cancer Detection (2003)

The C/T polymorphism of the KLK2 gene and circulating levels of hK2 are correlated and, in combination, are highly predictive for prostate cancer.
Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 4 and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in West Africa (1987)

A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-4) was recently described in healthy people from Senegal. This virus has many properties in common with members of the human T-lymphotropic viruses, particularly the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, the etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but does not appear to be associated with immunodeficiency-related disorders. In the present study, serum samples were obtained from 4248 individuals from six West African countries, including Senegal, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Burkina Faso, and Ivory Coast. These samples, collected during 1985-1987, were from people categorized as healthy control, sexually active risk, and disease populations. All samples were analyzed for reactivity to HTLV-4 and HIV by radioimmunoprecipitation-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Evidence for HTLV-4 infection was found in five of the six countries. The seroprevalence varied markedly from country to country. Healthy sexually active individuals in the risk category had the highest levels of HTLV-4 infection compared to individuals in the healthy control category and the disease category, the latter including AIDS patients. The seroprevalence of HIV infection in most of these countries was quite low, although tightly associated with the rare cases of AIDS. The biology of HTLV-4 infection thus differs from that of HIV in Central Africa or the United States and Europe. The presence of these viruses and their different pathogenicities in several countries of West Africa indicate the necessity for serologic assays that will distinguish between them. Further studies of their origin and distribution as well as of their biology will be important in advancing our understanding of AIDS.
Ethylene glycol and ethanol synthesis from dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation on the Cu/ZnO/SiO2 catalysts (2011)

Ethylene glycol (EG) synthesis from dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation is a sustainable method compared with the production by petrochemical technology. The Cu/ZnO/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> catalysts prepared by deposition precipitation method have been characterized by XRD, SEM, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -TPR, and N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> physisorption. Under optimum reaction conditions, a DMO conversion of 100% and EG selectivity of 98% was obtained on the CuZn-5 catalyst. The present work also demonstrates a feasibility method to produce ethanol from DMO hydrogenation. On the catalyst of CuZn-15, the conversion of DMO can reach to 99% with the ethanol selectivity of 64% under the optimized reaction conditions.
Cointegration of optoelectronics and submicron CMOS (2002)

Two specific issues impacting the eventual application of optical interconnection in full-wafer systems are addressed. The first issue is growth of GaAs semiconductor regions within a silicon wafer scale integration (WSI) or multichip module (MCM) substrate containing high performance silicon CMOS circuitry, in order to cointegrate optical and silicon VLSI devices. The second concerns the addition of VLSI electronics to obtain a detector array which can electronically establish alignment with an incident bundle of optical beams. These issues are considered from the perspective of massively parallel optical interconnections between packaged wafer-level components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Ivory Ceiling of Service Work (2011)

Service work continues to pull women associate professors away from research. What can be done? How does a successful associate professor with a distinguished publication record, a visible leadership role among women scientists on campus, and prestigious grant funding for interdisciplinary initiatives in graduate and undergraduate training as well as research feel about seeking promotion to full professor? In the course of our research, we commonly heard, âIt feels like the first time in my life that Iâm hitting up against the glass ceiling.â Compared with earlier cohorts, women are earning more doctorates, taking more academic jobs, and earning tenure more frequently. But when it comes to promotions to full professorship, our research confirms growing scholarship that women may hit a glass ceiling near the top of the ivory tower.
Affinity Measurement Using Surface Plasmon Resonance (2004)

The change in free energy for a reaction, ΔG, can be determined from the dissociation affinity constant, K D , since ΔG is equal to RTlnK D . The affinity constant provides no information on the rate of the reaction or the energy required to reach the transition state of the reaction (Fig. 1).
Overview of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors: New Approaches to Detect the Expression of Life (2009)

DNA microarrays are an important tool with a variety of applications in gene expression studies, genotyping, pharmacogenomics, pathogen classification, drug discovery, sequencing and molecular diagnostics. They are having a strong impact in medical diagnostics for cancer, toxicology and infectious disease applications. A series of papers have been published describing DNA biochips as alternative to conventional microarray platforms to facilitate and ameliorate the signal readout. In this review, we will consider the different methods proposed for biochip construction, focusing on electrochemical detection of DNA. We also introduce a novel single-stranded DNA platform performing high-throughput SNP detection and gene expression profiling.
ChemInform Abstract: Micelle Activated Reactions. Part 1. Micelle Activated Iodination and Partial Dehalogenation of Pyrazoles and 1,2,4‐Triazoles. (1990)

Abstract Only anionic tensides, e.g. Rodapon N 50, have a catalytic effect on the iodination reactions shown in the scheme.
Mature T cell responses are controlled by microRNA-142 (2015)

T cell proliferation is critical for immune responses; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the proliferative response are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate various molecular processes, including development and function of the immune system. Here, utilizing multiple complementary genetic and molecular approaches, we investigated the contribution of a hematopoietic-specific miR, miR-142, in regulating T cell responses. T cell development was not affected in animals with a targeted deletion of Mir142; however, T cell proliferation was markedly reduced following stimulation both in vitro and in multiple murine models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). miR-142-deficient T cells demonstrated substantial cell-cycling defects, and microarray and bioinformatics analyses revealed upregulation of genes involved in cell cycling. Moreover, 2 predicted miR-142 target genes, the atypical E2F transcription factors E2f7 and E2f8, were most highly upregulated in miR-142-deficient cells. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat interference-mediated (CRISPRi-mediated) silencing of E2F7 and E2F8 in miR-142-deficient T cells ameliorated cell-cycling defects and reduced GVHD, and overexpression of these factors in WT T cells inhibited the proliferative response. Together, these results identify a link between hematopoietic-specific miR-142 and atypical E2F transcription factors in the regulation of mature T cell cycling and suggest that targeting this interaction may be relevant for mitigating GVHD.
Inhibition of Multiple Subtypes of Influenza A Virus in Cell Cultures with Morpholino Oligomers (2006)

Peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (P-PMO) are single-stranded nucleic acid-like antisense agents that can reduce gene expression by sterically blocking complementary RNA sequence. P-PMO are water soluble and nuclease resistant, and they readily achieve uptake into cells in culture under standard conditions. Eight P-PMO, each 20 to 22 bases in length, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza A virus (FLUAV) A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) replication in cell culture. The P-PMO were designed to base pair with FLUAV RNA sequences that are highly conserved across viral subtypes and considered critical to the FLUAV biological-cycle, such as gene segment termini and mRNA translation start site regions. Several P-PMO were highly efficacious, each reducing viral titer in a dose-responsive and sequence-specific manner in A/PR/8/34-infected cells. Two P-PMO, one designed to target the AUG translation start site region of PB1 mRNA and the other the 3'-terminal region of nucleoprotein viral genome RNA, also proved to be potent against several other FLUAV strains, including A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Memphis/8/88 (H3N2), A/Eq/Miami/63 (H3N8), A/Eq/Prague/56 (H7N7), and the highly pathogenic A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/04 (H5N1). The P-PMO exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in cell viability assays. High efficacy by two of the P-PMO against multiple FLUAV subtypes suggests that these oligomers represent a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach against a high percentage of known FLUAV strains.
Active efflux of chloramphenicol in susceptible Escherichia coli strains and in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants (1994)

The multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) locus (min 34) regulates a resistance to chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli that does not involve acetyltransferase. Transport studies showed that wild-type cells had an apparent endogenous active efflux of chloramphenicol which depended on the proton motive force. This efflux was not altered by a 39-kb chromosomal deletion which included the mar locus. Nevertheless, mutations at the mar locus led to a stronger net chloramphenicol efflux. Therefore, a gene encoding the putative efflux system cannot be at the mar locus but may be positively influenced by that locus.
Association and Gene-Gene Interactions of Eight Common Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Pediatric Asthma in Middle China (2010)

These data suggest that genetic variants in the IL-13 gene may play an important role in the development of pediatric asthma in Middle China. In addition, the significant gene-gene interactions among IL-4 -C33T, IL-13 R130Q, IL-4Ralpha I75V, IL-4Ralpha Q576R, STAT6 C2892T, and CD14 -C159T may increase an individual's susceptibility to asthma and contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.
FADD Deficiency Impairs Early Hematopoiesis in the Bone Marrow (2010)

Signal transduction mediated by Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) represents a paradigm of coregulation of apoptosis and cellular proliferation. During apoptotic signaling induced by death receptors including Fas, FADD is required for the recruitment and activation of caspase 8. In addition, a death receptor-independent function of FADD is essential for embryogenesis. In previous studies, FADD deficiency in embryonic stem cells resulted in a complete lack of B cells and dramatically reduced T cell numbers, as shown by Rag1(-/-) blastocyst complementation assays. However, T-specific FADD-deficient mice contained normal numbers of thymocytes and slightly reduced peripheral T cell numbers, whereas B cell-specific deletion of FADD led to increased peripheral B cell numbers. It remains undetermined what impact an FADD deficiency has on hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors. The current study analyzed the effect of simultaneous deletion of FADD in multiple cell types, including bone marrow cells, by using the IFN-inducible Mx1-cre transgene. The resulting FADD mutant mice did not develop lymphoproliferation diseases, unlike Fas-deficient mice. Instead, a time-dependent depletion of peripheral FADD-deficient lymphocytes was observed. In the bone marrow, a lack of FADD led to a dramatic decrease in the hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor-enriched population. Furthermore, FADD-deficient bone marrow cells were defective in their ability to generate lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid cells. Thus, the results revealed a temporal requirement for FADD. Although dispensable during lymphopoiesis post lineage commitment, FADD plays a critical role in early hematopoietic stages in the bone marrow.
Copper gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT with low gate leakage current (2003)

Copper (Cu) gate AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with low gate leakage current were demonstrated. For comparison, nickel/gold (Ni/Au) gate devices were also fabricated with the same process conditions except the gate metals. Comparable extrinsic transconductance was obtained for the two kinds of devices. At gate voltage of -15 V, typical gate leakage currents are found to be as low as 3.5×10/sup -8/ A for a Cu-gate device with gate length of 2 μm and width of 50 μm, which is much lower than that of Ni/Au-gate device. No adhesion problem occurred during these experiments. Gate resistance of Cu-gate is found to be about 60% as that of NiAu. The Schottky barrier height of Cu on n-GaN is 0.18 eV higher than that of Ni/Au obtained from Schottky diode experiments. No Cu diffusion was found at the Cu and AlGaN interface by secondary ion mass spectrometry determination. These results indicate that copper is a promising candidate as gate metallization for high-performance power AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
Diversity in Single- and Multiple-Component Crystals. The Search for and Prevalence of Polymorphs and Cocrystals (2007)

A detailed description of polymorph screening procedures is presented. On the basis of the results of 245 polymorph screens, organic compounds were found to exist in multiple solid forms quite frequently. About 90% exhibited multiple crystalline and noncrystalline forms; about 50% exhibited polymorphism. Cocrystals are defined, and cocrystal screening is discussed. Data from 64 cocrystal screens show that cocrystals were found in 61% of the cases, and the total number of cocrystals found was 192.
Serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus) by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique (1982)

The indirect immunoperoxidase technique was assessed for the serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus). The antigens were peritoneal smears prepared from mice infected intraperitoneally with the Karp, Kato, and Gilliam strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Treatment of the mice with cyclophosphamide apparently increased the number of the rickettsiae, and it minimized the exudate that interfered with the specific staining. The rickettsiae were seen as clusters in the juxtanuclear region of the mesothelial cells and also as free particles outside of the cells. By the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the sera from all of the patients (49 samples from 30 patients) were positive for the R. tsutsugamushi antibody. The antibody titers (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique correlated with those determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Thus, the indirect immunoperoxidase technique was useful for quantifying both IgG and IgM antibodies to the rickettsia.