gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elevation dependence of amplitude scintillations on low elevation Earth space paths (1989)

The cumulative distribution, variance and spectral density of non-skewed amplitude scintillations measured at three sites during the four summers 82-85, and combining elevations epsilon =5 degrees , 7.2 degrees , 8.9 degrees , 31 degrees are analysed and compared. Theoretical expressions for the low elevation condition square root lambda L (radius 1st Fresnel zone)>L/sub 0/ (outer turbulence scale) are presented. Good agreement is found. Empirical expressions for the variance as a function of f(GHz) and epsilon are also presented. >
<title>Training and deployment of honeybees to detect explosives and other agents of harm</title> (2002)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been collaborating with the University of Montana's (UM) engineered honeybee colony research under DARPA's Controlled Biological and Biomimetric Systems (CBBS) program. Prior work has shown that the monitoring of contaminants that are returned to a hive by honeybees (Apis mellifera) provides a rapid, inexpensive method to assess chemical distributions and environmental impacts. Members from a single colony make many tens of thousands of foraging trips per day over areas as large as 2 km<SUP>2</SUP>. During these foraging trips, the insects are in direct contact with most environmental media (air, water, plants, and soil) and, in the process, encounter contaminants in gaseous, liquid and particulate form. These contaminants are carried back to the hive where analysis can be conveniently conducted. Three decades of work by UM and other investigators has demonstrated that honeybees can effectively and rapidly screen large areas for the presence of a wide array of chemical contaminants and for the effects of exposures to these chemicals. Recently, UM has been exploring how bee-based environmental measurements can be used to quantify risks to humans or ecosystems. The current DARPA program extends this work to the training of honeybees to actively search for contaminants such as the explosive residue being released by buried landmines. UM developed the methods to train bees to detect explosives and chemical agent surrogates. Sandia provided the explosives expertise, test facilities, electronics support, and state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation. We will present an overview of the training procedures, test parameters employed, and a summary of the results of field trials that were performed in Montana and at DARPA field trials in San Antonio, TX. Data showing the detection limits of the insects will be included.
Cutting Edge: Reversal of Murine Lupus Nephritis with CTLA4Ig and Cyclophosphamide (2001)

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) prevents progression of nephritis and prolongs survival in (NZB x NZW)F(1) (B/W) mice and is used to treat humans with lupus nephritis. To compare the efficacy of CTLA4Ig with CTX and determine whether there is an incremental benefit to combining CTLA4Ig with CTX, we treated B/W mice with CTX, CTLA4Ig, or both agents. In mice with mild renal disease, treatment delayed the onset of proteinuria and prolonged survival in all groups. In mice with advanced renal disease, treatment with both agents reduced proteinuria in 71% of mice, whereas mice treated with either agent alone had no such improvement. Survival was also markedly improved among mice treated with both agents. Thus, combination treatment with CTX and CTLA4Ig is more effective than either agent alone in reducing renal disease and prolonging survival of B/W mice with advanced nephritis. This striking reversal of proteinuria is unprecedented in animal models of SLE.
Now non coherent technique to obtain images with high resolution radars (2004)

In this paper it is shown a new technique able to obtain images with high-resolution radar (HRR) only using noncoherent data it extracts. This method doesn't need the data phase information of the signal reflected by targets, it works on "real time", and it is compatible with the scanning and tracking radar functions. The technique consists on a modification and adaptation of algorithms used for the synchronization of the actual digital communication systems. Likewise it is shown experimental results that ratify the quality of this technique. These results have been obtained with ARIES radar, a surface marine surveillance HHR developed by INDRA SISTEMAS S.A. in collaboration with the Polytechnic University of Madrid, by means of Spanish Ministry of Defence.
Transfer of carbon nanosheet films to nongrowth, zero thermal budget substrates (2011)

Carbon-based nanostructures and materials have become a popular subject of research due to their unique thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. For example, the strong C–C bonds of graphene-based systems allow for excellent thermal conduction at room temperature and the conjugation of the sp2 lattice enables extremely high electron mobility. However, the use of carbon nanostructures as a component in polymer composites, sensors, mirco-electro-mechanical systems, and both rigid and flexible electronics has been limited by several factors, including the incompatibility with standard photolithography techniques, the high temperatures required for the nanostructure growth, and the presence of—or complication—of removing noncarbon species. Here, the authors report on a novel method for the transfer of carbon nanosheets to a low or zero thermal budget substrate while maintaining their original morphology and electrical properties. Four-point probe measurements’ post-transfer shows the retention of in-plane conductivity and scanning electron microscopy reveals the preservation of the original vertical morphology. Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the retention of the graphitic structure of the post-transfer nanosheet film. This new transfer technique builds on the ability to conformally coat nanosheets while maintaining the original ultrahigh surface area morphology and the ability to fully incorporate nanosheets into several polymers while maintaining the original nanostructure separation. For a demonstration of the usefulness of polymer filling, carbon nanosheets were used as an ultrahigh surface area electrode for the photoactive polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] in proof of principle experiments of a nanosheet-based organic photovoltaic device.
Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve: a potential therapy (2013)

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal collapse, which result from a decrease in pharyngeal dilator muscle tone. The genioglossus is a major pharyngeal dilator that maintains airway patency during sleep. Early studies in animal and humans have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of this muscle reduces pharyngeal collapsibility, increases airflow, and mitigates obstructive sleep apnea. These findings impelled the development of fully implantable hypoglossal nerve stimulating systems (HGNS), for which feasibility trial results are now available. These pilot studies have confirmed that hypoglossal nerve stimulation can prevent pharyngeal collapse without arousing patients from sleep. Potentially, a substantial segment of the patient population with obstructive sleep apnea can be treated with this novel approach. Furthermore, the feasibility trial findings suggest that the therapeutic potential of HGNS can be optimized by selecting patients judiciously, titrating the stimulus intensity optimally, and characterizing the underlying function and anatomy of the pharynx. These strategies are currently being examined in ongoing pivotal trials of HGNS.
Towards dynamic generation of knowledge-based environments for software process assistance (1992)

To provide support for the development of reliable software in a cost-effective way, software engineering environments should be based on a software process model containing explicit representations of the knowledge needed to perform a software process, being able to offer an active assistance to that process. Moreover, process models can vary to reflect specific characteristics of projects and can change dynamically, as the process occurs. To support this changing nature of software process models, the environment should have mechanisms that allow generation of process models according to project needs and dynamic modification of the models during the software process. This paper describes a software engineering environment that combines knowledge-based assistant with dynamic meta-system concepts to offer active and flexible support for software processes. The main concern is to discuss the knowledge representation issues related to this environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Asymmetric synthesis. Production of optically active amino acids by catalytic hydrogenation (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis. Production of optically active amino acids by catalytic hydrogenationM. D. Fryzuk and B. BosnichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 19, 6262–6267Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00461a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00461a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2835Altmetric-Citations502LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A brief history of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education in Australia (2012)

My life began at the water's edge near a tiny town in Tasmania. I had eight older brothers and sisters, one of whom had died from diphtheria before I was born. My father was Aboriginal and my mother an Englishwoman who had moved to Tasmania while still a teenager. Her father had been a merchant mariner who sailed to Hobart on his final voyage, where he settled with his family. My dad was also a mariner, and it was probably inevitable that they should meet. The marriage, however, was pretty unusual for the times.
Multiplexing Sensory Molecules Map Protons Near Micellar Membranes (2008)

Hi-fi mapping: Multiplexing fluorescent sensors that simultaneously target proton concentration and polarity move to micellar nanospaces, self-regulate their positions, and report their pKa values and wavelengths, which are controlled by their local environments. Such sensory functions enable maps of proton gradients near micellar membranes to be drawn.
Heteroduplex analysis of T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements for diagnosis and monitoring of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (1994)

The possibility to detect markers of T-cell clonality at the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta and gamma loci in skin biopsy samples has proven to be helpful for the often difficult clinical and immunohistochemical diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, particularly at the early stage of the neoplastic infiltration, an emerging clonal pattern at Southern may be obscured by the germline TCR configuration of the predominant dermal and epidermal cell component. Additionally, multiple TCR gamma rearranged bands of variable intensity are often observed, either in the presence or in the absence of a major clone. To overcome these difficulties, we have investigated the T-lymphocyte clonality in selected patients with variable signs of CTCL by means of heteroduplex analysis of the amplified TCR gamma VJ junctions, separated in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. This technique has several advantages over standard Southern blot because it is simple, rapid, not radioactive, and likely more sensitive than other polymerase chain reaction-based procedures. In particular, the cases with uncertain or contradictory TCR beta and gamma patterns were solved by the heteroduplex analysis, showing homoduplex or heteroduplex bands of clonal nature. The direct sequence of the VJ junctions, easily obtained from the homoduplex or heteroduplex bands, allowed us to confirm the same clonal marker in two apparently different skin lesions and in different biopsy samples obtained from the same patients, either at the same or different time points, thus emphasizing the utility of this method in monitoring CTCL clinical progression.
Agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are unable to modulate platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate and platelet activating factor (2005)

Inappropriate platelet activation is a feature of acute and chronic diseases such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and atherosclerosis. Since proinflammatory microbial-derived agonists can be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, we examined the potential role of TLR4 (mediating responses to LPS) and TLR2 (which responds to bacterial lipopeptides) in platelet activation. Our data suggested low-level expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on platelets, determined by flow cytometry, and we also observed expression of TLR4 on a megakaryocytic cell line by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Stimulation of the platelets with the TLR4 agonist LPS, and the synthetic TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4, resulted in no platelet aggregation, no increase in CD62P surface expression and no increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+. The TLR agonists were also unable to directly activate platelets primed with epinephrine, or pretreated with a low concentration of ADP or PAF. Pretreatment of platelets with LPS or Pam3CSK4 also failed to modulate the platelet response to submaximal concentrations of the classical platelet agonists ADP and PAF. We conclude that the TLR agonists LPS and Pam3CSK4 have no direct effect on platelet activation and that platelet TLRs may be a remnant from megakaryocytes. TLR2 and TLR4 agonists are thought to have a significant role in diseases such as atherosclerosis and DIC, but our research suggests that this is through a mechanism other than direct platelet activation or by modification of platelet responses to other agonists.
The Role of Somatic Mutation in the Pathogenic Anti-DNA Response (1992)

Anti-DNA antibodies represent a significant autospecificity in systemic lupus erythematosus because they are essentially diagnostic of the disease and they contribute to renal pathology. The molecular genetic characterization of these antibodies from both lupus-prone mice and humans with lupus has shown them to be somatically mutated. In many cases the nature of the mutations suggests that DNA or some structurally homologous molecule is driving the response. In other cases the high replacement-to-silent mutation ratio in framework regions of the antibody suggests selection by idiotype or by some mechanism other than antigen itself. Current studies of immunoglobulin variable region genes encoding anti-DNA antibodies reveal no disease associated polymorphisms. There are also no data suggesting that the nature of the recombination process that forms intact variable region genes or of the process of somatic mutation differs in autoimmune and nonautoimmune strains or kindred. Current data suggest, rather, that a defect in regulation is responsible for auto-antibody production in SLE. The finding that most if not all anti-double stranded DNA antibodies are somatically mutated suggests the defect is in maintenance of peripheral rather than central tolerance.
Regulatory Gene Control of Transcription of the l-Arabinose Operon in Escherichia coli (1973)

Abstract The l-arabinose operon is under both positive and negative control by the product of its regulatory gene, araC. We have measured transcription of the arabinose genes by hybridization of 3H-labeled messenger RNA to single-stranded DNA from an arabinose transducing phage in order to study the effect of the regulatory gene on transcription. In strains in which the arabinose regulatory gene is completely nonfunctional due to deletion or nonsense mutation, only lack of activator, the positive controlling element, prevents expression of the arabinose operon. In these strains no mRNA from the arabinose operon can be detected, indicating that the positive control is exerted on the transcription process. Arabinoseconstitutive mutants which make functional activator in the absence of arabinose or which do not need the activator function for enzyme synthesis produce mRNA from the arabinose operon even in the absence of inducer. When an araC+ F'ara episome is introduced into these constitutive strains, making them diploid for the arabinose genes, the araC+ gene provides repressor function and transcription of the operon is shut off in the absence of inducer, demonstrating that negative control also functions at the transcription step. A number of araC mutants producing lower than wild type levels of enzymes from the arabinose operon were shown to have correspondingly lower levels of mRNA from the operon. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the araC gene affects only the process of transcription of the arabinose operon.
Demonstration that polyol accumulation is responsible for diabetic cataract by the use of transgenic mice expressing the aldose reductase gene in the lens. (1995)

Aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the etiology of diabetic cataract, as well as in other complications. However, the role of AR in these complications remains controversial because the strongest supporting evidence is drawn from the use of AR inhibitors for which specificity in vivo cannot be ascertained. To settle this issue we developed transgenic mice that overexpress AR in their lens epithelial cells and found that they become susceptible to the development of diabetic and galactose cataracts. When the sorbitol dehydrogenase-deficient mutation is also present in these transgenic mice, greater accumulation of sorbitol and further acceleration of diabetic cataract develop. These genetic studies demonstrated convincingly that accumulation of polyols from the reduction of hexose by AR leads to the formation of sugar cataracts.
Rate control in DCT video coding for low-delay communications (1999)

An important motivation for the development of the emerging H.263+ and MPEG-4 coding standards is to enhance the quality of highly compressed video for two-way, real-time communications. In these applications, the delay produced by bits accumulated in the encoder buffer must be very small, typically below 100 ms, and the rate control strategy is responsible for encoding the video with high quality and maintaining a low buffer delay. In this work, we present a simple rate control technique that achieves these two objectives by smartly selecting the values of the quantization parameters in typical discrete cosine transform video coders. To do this, we derive models for bit rate and distortion in this type of coders, in terms of the quantization parameters. Using Lagrange optimization, we minimize distortion subject to the target bit constraint, and obtain formulas that indicate how to choose the quantization parameters. We implement our technique in H.263 and MPEG-4 coders, and compare its performance to TMN7 and VM7 rate control when the encoder buffer is small, for a variety of video sequences and bit rates. This new method has been adopted as a rate control tool in the test model TMN8 of H.263+ and (with some modifications) in the verification model VM8 of MPEG-4.
La extinción de los contratos de trabajo en la negociación colectiva de las Administraciones Públicas (2015)

espanolEl tratamiento que los diferentes convenios colectivos del personal laboral al servicio de las administraciones publicas dispensan a la regulacion de la extincion del contrato de trabajo se caracteriza por su parquedad e, incluso, en no pocas ocasiones, por su casi total ausencia, lo cual no ha impedido, sin embargo, que en diferentes convenios colectivos puedan encontrarse regulaciones especificas de esta materia. Precisamente, en este trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio detallado de los principales aspec-tos de la extincion del contrato de trabajo del personal laboral al servicio de las administraciones publicas que son abordados de forma habitual por la negociacion colectiva, a saber, el desistimiento del contrato durante el periodo de prueba, la dimision del trabajador, la extincion de los contratos temporales, el despido disciplinario y la extincion del contrato por jubila-cion del trabajador. EnglishTermination of employment contracts has received little or no attention in the collective agreements of non-civil service staff working for public ad-ministrations but it is specifically regulated in some collective agreements. This paper carries out a detailed study of the main aspects of termination of employment contracts of these workers that are commonly addressed by collective bargaining: termination of contracts during the trial period, resignation, termination of temporary contracts, disciplinary dismissal and termination of contracts on retirement.
Lung lymphocyte elimination by apoptosis in the murine response to intratracheal particulate antigen. (1997)

Pulmonary immune responses are suited to determine mechanisms of lymphocyte elimination, as lung inflammation must be regulated tightly to preserve gas exchange. The self-terminating response of primed C57BL/6 mice to intratracheal challenge with the T cell-dependent Ag sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was used to test the importance of lung lymphocyte apoptosis in pulmonary immunoregulation. Apoptosis of alveolar and interstitial lymphocytes was demonstrated morphologically, by three independent methods to detect DNA fragmentation, and by surface expression of phosphatidylserine. Apoptotic lymphocytes were exclusively CD4-, CD8-, B220-, but many were CD3+ and Thy 1+. Inhibiting apoptosis by in vivo cyclosporine treatment prolonged lung lymphocyte accumulation following SRBC challenge. Experiments using mice homozygous for the lpr or gld mutations showed that pulmonary lymphocyte apoptosis depended on expression of Fas (CD95) and its ligand (Fas-L). Pulmonary inflammation increased on repeated intratracheal SRBC challenge of lpr/lpr mice, in contrast to the waning response in normal mice. These results confirm that in situ lymphocyte apoptosis contributes to termination of immune responses in nonlymphoid organs, probably because of activation-induced cell death, and may be important in inducing tolerance to repeated antigen exposure.