gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of antitissue factor antibodies in patients after liver surgery (1993)

After liver surgery, two patients developed unexplainable prolonged prothrombin times (PT) that were not associated with bleeding tendency. The substitution of rabbit thromboplastin for either human or monkey thromboplastin in performing PT tests resulted in a normal clotting time. Tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity assays and an immunoblotting analysis showed that these patients had developed IgG lambda-type immediate anticoagulants directed against both rabbit and bovine TF that did not crossreact with human or monkey TF. In a chromogenic assay, the patient IgG caused a decrease in both the Km and the Vmax of the factor X activation by rabbit TF-factor VIIa complex. The lack of reactivity of the patient IgG with human TF presumably explained why there was no clinical bleeding. Both patients had been treated earlier with a topical hemostatic agent prepared from bovine corium, microfibrillar collagen hemostat, while undergoing previous surgery. In an immunoblotting analysis, the patient IgG stained a 42-Kd band in the Triton extract of the collagen preparation under either reducing or nonreducing conditions. The Triton extract of the collagen preparation blocked the binding of the patient IgG to bovine TF. Thus, it is suggested that the iatrogenic immunization by intraoperative exposure of bovine TF retained in the collagen preparation may be responsible for the development of anti-TF antibodies in these patients. The anti-TF antibodies resulted in a clinical error in the evaluation of coagulation status after the use of rabbit thromboplastin.
FlashStream (2013)

Video streaming on the Internet is popular and the need to store and stream video content using CDNs is continually on the rise thanks to services such as Hulu and Netflix. Adaptive HTTP streaming using the deployed CDN infrastructure has become the de facto standard for meeting the increasing demand for video streaming on the Internet. The storage architecture that is used for storing and streaming the video content is the focus of this study. Hard-disk as the storage medium has been the norm for enterprise-class storage servers for the longest time. More recently, multi-tiered storage servers (incorporating SSDs) such as Sun's ZFS and Facebook's flashcache offer an alternative to disk-based storage servers for enterprise applications. Both these systems use the SSD as a cache between the DRAM and the hard disk. The thesis of our work is that the current-state-of-the art in multi-tiered storage systems, architected for general-purpose enterprise workloads, do not cater to the unique needs of adaptive HTTP streaming. We present FlashStream, a multi-tiered storage architecture that addresses the unique needs of adaptive HTTP streaming. Like ZFS and flashcache, it also incorporates SSDs as a cache between the DRAM and the hard disk. The key architectural elements of FlashStream include optimal write granularity to overcome the write amplification effect of flash memory SSDs and a QoS-sensitive caching strategy that monitors the activity of the flash memory SSDs to ensure that video streaming performance is not hampered by the caching activity. We have implemented FlashStream and experimentally compared it with ZFS and flashcache for adaptive HTTP streaming workloads. We show that FlashStream outperforms both these systems for the same hardware configuration. Specifically, it is better by a factor of two compared to its nearest competitor, namely ZFS. In addition, we have compared FlashStream with a traditional two-level storage architecture (DRAM + HDDs), and have shown that, for the same investment cost, FlashStream provides 33% better performance and 94% better energy efficiency.
Electrical Contact at the Interface between Silicon and Transfer-Printed Gold Films by Eutectic Joining (2013)

This paper presents the electrical and morphological properties at the interface between a metal (Au) and a semiconductor (Si) formed by a novel transfer-printing technology. This work shows that a transfer-printed thin (hundreds of nanometers) Au film forms excellent electrical contact on a Si substrate when appropriate thermal treatment is applied. The successful electrical contact is attributed to eutectic joining, which allows for the right amount of atomic level mass transport between Au and Si. The outcomes suggest that transfer-printing-based micromanufacturing can realize not only strong mechanical bonding but also high-quality electrical contact via eutectic joining.
T-cell modulation combined with intratumoral CpG cures lymphoma in a mouse model without the need for chemotherapy (2008)

We have previously shown that intratumoral injection of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide plus systemic chemotherapy can induce a T-cell immune response against lymphoma and serve as a therapeutic vaccine to cure tumors in a murine model. Here, we demonstrate that antibody-mediated modulation of T cells increases the efficacy of CpG vaccination, thereby eliminating the need for chemotherapy. T-cell modulation was accomplished by targeting both effector and regulatory T-cell populations using systemic administration of monoclonal antibodies against OX40, CTLA4, GITR, and folate receptor 4 (FR4). Each of these antibodies enhanced the effect of intratumoral CpG. Some pairwise combinations of these antibodies potentiated T-cell modulation and further enhanced the efficacy of CpG vaccination. Specifically, the combination of anti-OX40 and anti-CTLA4 which enhance activation and block cell-intrinsic negative regulatory circuits in T cells, respectively, was especially potent. When combined with intratumoral CpG, it induced antitumor CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunity, cured large and systemic lymphoma tumors without chemotherapy, and provided long-lasting immunity against tumor rechallenge. Our results show that the combination of intratumoral CpG and immunomodulatory T-cell antibodies has promise for therapeutic vaccination against lymphoma. These reagents are becoming available for human clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Hypolipidemic Agents. Part 4. Synthesis and Hypolipidemic Activities of Some New Ethyl 3‐Aryl‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐7‐yloxyalkanoates. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds (V) are synthesized as shown in the scheme and screened for their hypolipidemic activity.
Improved early risk stratification and diagnosis of myocardial infarction, using a novel troponin I assay concept (2005)

The novel cTnI assay considerably improves the performance of cTnI as an early rule-in biomarker for MI.
Enhancement of daunorubicin accumulation, retention, and cytotoxicity by verapamil or cyclosporin A in blast cells from patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia (1993)

This work was designed to discern the frequency of expression of classical multidrug resistance (MDR) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at the time of diagnosis, using Western blotting for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and functional assays for an MDR phenotype (enhancement of daunorubicin [DNR] accumulation/retention and cytotoxicity by the known MDR modulators verapamil, cyclosporin A, and progesterone). Blast cells were studied from 49 newly diagnosed AML patients who were subsequently treated with the “3 and 7” combination of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and DNR. DNR accumulation (1 microgram/mL, 3 hours) and retention (16 hours) were determined by flow cytometry. Cyclosporin A (CsA, 5 mumol/L) or verapamil (6.6 mumol/L) each caused significant enhancement of DNR accumulation and retention in these blast cell samples (P &lt; .001, Wilcoxon's test). Verapamil or CsA caused greater than 20% enhancement of DNR accumulation or retention in over 25% or 50% of these patients, respectively; however, there was no correlation with the presence or degree of enhancement and response to treatment. Progesterone (10 mumol/L) caused no significant enhancement of DNR accumulation or retention. The effects of the MDR modulators on the cytotoxicity of DNR was also determined in blast cells from 40 of the patients, using a flow cytometric assay. CsA alone was cytotoxic (caused an approximate 20% decrease in cell survival compared with control, P &lt; .001); CsA or verapamil caused enhancement of 1 mumol/L DNR cytotoxicity (P &lt; .001). Greater than 40% enhancement of cell kill by CsA or verapamil was observed in over 75% of patients studied. There was no difference in the degree of enhancement of cytotoxicity between patients clinically sensitive or resistant to treatment. Progesterone caused no enhancement in DNR cytotoxicity. In contrast to the functional assays, highly sensitive immunoblots using the C219 antibody to Pgp showed evidence of low level expression of Pgp in blast cells from only 3 of these patients: 1 was chemotherapy resistant, 2 were sensitive. Thus, although the functional assays suggest a high frequency of expression of a classic MDR phenotype in AML patients at the time of diagnosis, with enhancement by CsA obtained at a clinically relevant concentration (5 mumol/L), the frequency of Pgp expression detectable by C219 Western blots was low in these patients. This could be interpreted either that the method used was not sufficiently sensitive to detect Pgp in all of the blast cell specimens that actually overexpressed mdr1, or that the accumulation/efflux-based MDR phenotype observed is not always mediated by Pgp in these previously untreated patients.
Individual addressing in quantum computation through spatial refocusing (2013)

Separate addressing of individual qubits is a challenging requirement for scalable quantum computation, and crosstalk between operations on neighboring qubits remains a significant source of error for current experimental implementations of multiqubit platforms. We propose a scheme based on spatial refocusing from interference of several coherent laser beams to significantly reduce the crosstalk error for any type of quantum gate. A general framework is developed for the spatial refocusing technique, in particular with practical Gaussian beams, and we show that the crosstalk-induced infidelity of quantum gates can be reduced by several orders of magnitude with a moderate cost of a few correction laser beams under typical experimental conditions.
Biology and treatment of malignant glioma. (2000)

Malignant gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The development of the malignant phenotype is the result of a complex series of events that influence gene expression, angiogenesis, and invasion and favor the growth of tumor cells. Currently, the management of malignant glioma consists of symptom control and cytoreduction with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, there is no satisfactory regimen available for adjuvant or salvage chemotherapy for these neoplasms. An overview of the biologic mechanisms, grading systems, and treatment options for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme is presented.
Mobility Reduces Uncertainty in MANETs (2007)

Evaluating and quantifying trust stimulates collaboration in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Many existing reputation systems sharply divide the trust value into right or wrong, thus ignoring another core dimension of trust: uncertainty. As uncertainty deeply impacts a node's anticipation of others' behavior and decisions during interaction, we include uncertainty in the reputation system. Specifically, we use an uncertainty metric to directly reflect a node's confidence in the sufficiency of its past experience, and study how the collection of trust information may affect uncertainty in nodes' opinions. Higher uncertainty leads to higher transaction cost and reduced acceptance of communication and cooperation. After defining a way to reveal and compute the uncertainty in trust opinions, we exploit mobility, one of the important characteristics of MANETs, to efficiently reduce uncertainty and to speed up trust convergence. A two-level mobility assisted uncertainty reduction scheme (MAURS) that offers controllable trade-off between time and cost to achieve a convergence objective of trust is also provided. Extensive analytical and simulation results are presented to support our proposal.
Transfecting Human Neural Stem Cells with the Amaxa Nucleofector (2007)

Transfection of primary mammalian neural cells, such as human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs), with commonly used cationic lipid transfection reagents has often resulted in poor cell viability and low transfection efficiency. Other mechanical methods of introducing a gene of interest, such as a "gene gun" or microinjection, are also limited by poor cell viability and low numbers of transfected cells. The strategy of using viral constructs to introduce an exogenous gene into primary cells has been constrained by both the amount of time and labor required to create viral vectors and potential safety concerns. We describe here a step-by-step protocol for transfecting hNSPCs using Amaxa's Nucleofector device and technology with electrical current parameters and buffer solutions specifically optimized for transfecting neural stem cells. Using this protocol, we have achieved initial transfection efficiencies of ~35% and ~70% after stable transfection. The protocol entails combining a high number of hNSPCs with the DNA to be transfected in the appropriate buffer followed by electroporation with the Nucleofector device.
Corneal Permeability of Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, M79175. I. In vitro Study Using Corneal Permeability Apparatus (1986)

Transcorneal permeability of M79175, aldose reductase inhibitor (Eisai), and various factors influencing it were examined using excised rabbit cornea mounted on the methacrylate apparatus. High permeability was exhibited and this was independent of the concentration of M79175. Cornea hydrated by exposure to the eye drop solution of high concentration of benzalkonium chloride, which had an enhancing effect on the permeability of M79175. Corneal hydration was also caused by the solution of low pH. These findings will show the basic conditions for this eye drop solution to be an artificial tear fluid.
A Comprehensive Approach for Quantitative Lignin Characterization by NMR Spectroscopy (2004)

A detailed approach for the quantification of different lignin structures in milled wood lignin (MWL) has been suggested using a combination of NMR techniques. 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence and quantitative 13C NMR of nonacetylated and acetylated spruce MWL have been found to have a synergetic effect, resulting in significant progress in the characterization of lignin moieties by NMR. About 80% of side chain moieties, such as different beta-O-4, dibenzodioxocin, phenylcoumaran, pinoresinol, and others, have been identified on the structural level. The presence of appreciable amounts of alpha-O-alkyl and gamma-O-alkyl ethers has been suggested. Although the quantification of various condensed moieties was less precise than for side chain structures, reliable information can be obtained. Comparison of the calculated results with known databases on spruce MWL structure shows that the suggested approach is rather informative and comparable with the information obtained from the combination of various wet chemistry methods. Discrepancies between the results obtained in this study and those previously published are discussed.
p-Maleimidophenyl isocyanate: a novel heterobifunctional linker for hydroxyl to thiol coupling (1993)

p-Maleimidophenyl isocyanate (PMPI, 1) is a heterobifunctional cross-linking agent useful for thiol to hydroxyl coupling. Several maleimide-activated compounds were prepared and characterized and then shown to be reactive with thiol-containing proteins. Examples include activation of vitamin B12, digoxigenin, digitoxigenin, estradiol, progesterone, and some serine-containing peptides.
Cell specific delivery of modified mRNA expressing therapeutic proteins to leukocytes (2018)

Abstract Therapeutic alteration of gene expression in vivo can be achieved by delivering nucleic acids (e.g., mRNA, siRNA) using nanoparticles. Recent progress in modified messenger RNA (mmRNA) synthesis facilitated the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with mmRNA as a promising tool for in vivo protein expression. Although progress have been made with mmRNA-LNPs based protein expression in hepatocytes, cell specificity is still a major challenge. Moreover, selective protein expression is essential for an improved therapeutic effect, due to the heterogeneous nature of diseases. Here, we present a precision protein expression strategy in Ly6c + inflammatory leukocytes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced mice. We demonstrate a therapeutic effect in an IBD model by targeted expression of the interleukin 10 in Ly6c + inflammatory leukocytes. A selective mmRNA expression strategy has tremendous therapeutic potential in IBD and can ultimately become a novel therapeutic modality in many other diseases.
From witch doctor to stomatherapist South African ostomy care (1978)

The Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (JWOCN) is the premier publication for wound, ostomy and continence practice and research. The Journal’s mission is to publish current best evidence and original research to guide the delivery of expert health care. The WOCN Society is a professional nursing society which supports its members by promoting educational, clinical and research opportunities to advance the practice and guide the delivery of expert health care to individuals with wounds, ostomies and continence care needs.
Applications in in ovo technology (1997)

By mid-August 1995, 55% of broiler embryos in North America were vaccinated for Marek's disease using the INOVOJECT system, with 201 INOVOJECT machines placed with 16 of the top 25 poultry producers, providing the industry with the capacity to inject in excess of 400 million eggs per month or about 5 billion eggs per annum. In ovo administration of a bursal disease antibody-infectious bursal disease virus (BDA-IBDV) complexed vaccine to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryos was safer and more potent than conventional IBDV vaccine alone because it delayed the appearance of bursal lesions, produced no early mortality, produced higher geometric mean antibody titers against IBDV, and generated protective immunity against challenge. In ovo administration of a BDA-IBDV complexed vaccine to broiler embryos generated antibody titers against IBDV sooner than conventional virus vaccinates, and generated protective immunity against challenge Direct DNA injection of plasmid DNA encoding beta-galactosidase into breast muscle in ovo and posthatch was an effective means to achieve both gene transfer and expression, with potential for the development of gene vaccines using plasmids encoding protective antigens from poultry pathogens. In ovo administration of 800 U chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF), a chicken hematopoietic cytokine for cells of the monocytic-granulocytic lineages, significantly reduced mortality associated with Escherichia coli exposure within the hatcher when compared to PBS controls (6.1 vs 12.4, P < or = 0.05), but not when compared to a yeast expression control. A procedure was developed enabling injection prior to the onset of incubation without compromising embryo viability. This in ovo injection process has opened up the window of embryo development during incubation for intervention, as illustrated by the 100% male phenotype produced in chicks hatching from eggs injected with aromatase inhibitor prior to incubation. These data illustrate some of the in ovo applications presently in use by the poultry industry, and under development or in research at EMBREX.
Long term trends in the evolution of H(3) HA1 human influenza type A (1997)

We have studied the HA1 domain of 254 human influenza A(H3N2) virus genes for clues that might help identify characteristics of hemagglutinins (HAs) of circulating strains that are predictive of that strain's epidemic potential. Our preliminary findings include the following. (i) The most parsimonious tree found requires 1,260 substitutions of which 712 are silent and 548 are replacement substitutions. (ii) The HA1 portion of the HA gene is evolving at a rate of 5.7 nucleotide substitutions/year or 5.7 x 10(-3) substitutions/site per year. (iii) The replacement substitutions are distributed randomly across the three positions of the codon when allowance is made for the number of ways each codon can change the encoded amino acid. (iv) The replacement substitutions are not distributed randomly over the branches of the tree, there being 2.2 times more changes per tip branch than for non-tip branches. This result is independent of how the virus was amplified (egg grown or kidney cell grown) prior to sequencing or if sequencing was carried out directly on the original clinical specimen by PCR. (v) These excess changes on the tip branches are probably the result of a bias in the choice of strains to sequence and the detection of deleterious mutations that had not yet been removed by negative selection. (vi) There are six hypervariable codons accumulating replacement substitutions at an average rate that is 7.2 times that of the other varied codons. (vii) The number of variable codons in the trunk branches (the winners of the competitive race against the immune system) is 47 +/- 5, significantly fewer than in the twigs (90 +/- 7), which in turn is significantly fewer variable codons than in tip branches (175 +/- 8). (viii) A minimum of one of every 12 branches has nodes at opposite ends representing viruses that reside on different continents. This is, however, no more than would be expected if one were to randomly reassign the continent of origin of the isolates. (ix) Of 99 codons with at least four mutations, 31 have ratios of non-silent to silent changes with probabilities less than 0.05 of occurring by chance, and 14 of those have probabilities <0.005. These observations strongly support positive Darwinian selection. We suggest that the small number of variable positions along the successful trunk lineage, together with knowledge of the codons that have shown positive selection, may provide clues that permit an improved prediction of which strains will cause epidemics and therefore should be used for vaccine production.
Estimation of Caco‐2 Cell Permeability using Calculated Molecular Descriptors (1996)

Abstract Permeability of a compound by passive diffusion through a biological membrane such as Caco‐2 cell monolayers depends mainly on lipophilicity, molecular size and hydrogen bonding capacity of the solute. Since these properties are often used in structure‐permeability correlations, we have evaluated different calculated descriptors for size and hydrogen bonding, as well as their intercorrelations. A new descriptor for hydrogen bonding potential is introduced. It is demonstrated that a combination of appropriate size and H‐bonding descriptors using graphical or Eq.‐based approaches may be of potential use for membrane permeation estimation.
AZIDOTETRAFLUOROPHENYL RETINAL ANALOGUE: SYNTHESIS AND BACTERIORHODOPSIN PIGMENT FORMATION (1994)

The retinal derivative, all-trans-9-(4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3,7- dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenal, was synthesized by two routes as a potential photoactivatable cross-linking agent for studies in bacteriorhodopsin (BR) of the chromophore interaction with its apoprotein. The retinal analogue formed a stable, moderately functional BR pigment confirming that the ring cavity of the retinal binding site has a significant tolerance for derivatization on that portion of the molecule. Attempts to cross-link the azido chromophore to the protein by photoactivation were unsuccessful. The electron delocalization effect of the conjugated polyene side chain of the retinal appears to interfere with the formation or reactivity of the nitrene intermediate to the extent that photoactivated cross-linking is not achieved. These results demonstrate a limitation to the use of fluorinated aryl azides as photoaffinity reagents.