gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation on the Integrity of the Blood‐Brain Barrier After Microbubble Destruction by Diagnostic Transcranial Color‐Coded Sonography (2002)

This bioeffects study gives further evidence of the safety of ultrasonic destruction of Levovist and Optison microbubbles by diagnostic transcranial color-coded sonography. However, more subtle local effects may have been missed by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Studies on diagnostic contrast-enhanced transcranial color-coded sonography as well as microbubble-based drug delivery strategies should consider ultrasonic contrast agent microbubble characteristics and concentration as well as ultrasound transmission power levels.
Avances en el diagnóstico fitopatológico del cultivo de la vid en zacatecas (2013)

espanolAlrededor de 3, 600 hectareas son cultivadas con vid en el estado de Zacatecas, Mexico; aunque la presencia de algunas enfermedades ha sido reportada en el estado, existe poca informacion referente a su dispersion y severidad. El proposito de este trabajo consistio en determinar la presencia de enfermedades bioticas y abioticas en vinedos durante el otono de 2009 en Zacatecas, Mexico. Entre agosto y diciembre de 2009 se inspeccionaron 34 vinedos y se registro la presencia de sintomas como entrenudos cortos, dobles nudos y dano por cenicilla polvorienta y bajas temperaturas. La presencia de dano por cenicilla polvorienta fue registrado en la mayoria de los vinedos aunque la incidencia promedio fue de 92.1%. La incidencia promedio para sintomas de posible infeccion viral como entrenudos cortos, fasciacion, doble nudo y crecimiento en zig-zag fue de 26.05, 20.0, 18.95 y 3.67% respectivamente EnglishAround 3, 600 hectares are cultivated with grapevines in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, although the presence of some diseases has been reported in the state, there is very few information about their dispersal and severity. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of biotic and abiotic diseases in grapevine yards during the 2009-fall in Zacatecas, Mexico. Between August and December, 2009, a survey was carried out in 34 grapevine yards and the presence of symptoms such as short internodes, double nodes, powdery mildew or frost damage, among others, was registered. The presence of powdery mildew damage was registered in most of the grapevine yards although the average incidence was 92.1%. Average incidence of symptoms of potential viral infection like short internodes, fasciation, double node, and zig-zag growth was 26.05, 20.0, 18.95, and 3.67% respectively.
Formaldehyde-mediated DNA-protein crosslinking: a probe for in vivo chromatin structures. (1985)

Formaldehyde (HCHO) produces DNA-protein crosslinks both in vitro and in vivo. Simian virus 40 (SV40) chromosomes that have been fixed by prolonged incubation with HCHO either in vitro or in vivo (within SV40-infected cells) can be converted to nearly protein-free DNA by limit-digestion with Pronase in the presence of NaDodSO4. The remaining Pronase-resistant DNA-peptide adducts retard the DNA upon gel electrophoresis, allowing resolution of free and crosslink-containing DNA. Though efficiently crosslinking histones to DNA within nucleosomes both in vitro and in vivo, HCHO does not crosslink either purified lac repressor to lac operator-containing DNA or an (A + T)-DNA-binding protein (alpha-protein) to its cognate DNA in vitro. Furthermore, a protein that does not bind to DNA, such as serum albumin, is not crosslinked to DNA by HCHO even at extremely high protein concentrations. These properties of HCHO as a DNA-protein crosslinker are used to probe the distribution of nucleosomes in vivo. We show that there are no HCHO-crosslinkable DNA-protein contacts in a subset of SV40 chromosomes in vivo within a 325-base-pair stretch that spans the "exposed" (nuclease-hypersensitive) region of the SV40 chromosome. This replication origin-proximal region has been found previously to lack nucleosomes in a subset of isolated SV40 chromosomes. We discuss other applications of the HCHO technique, including the possibility of obtaining base-resolution in vivo nucleosome "footprints."
Nonequiprobable signaling on the Gaussian channel (1990)

Signaling schemes for the Gaussian channel based on finite-dimensional lattices are considered. The signal constellation consists of all lattice points within a region R, and the shape of this region determines the average signal power. Spherical signal constellations minimize average signal power, and in the limit as N to infinity , the shape gain of the N-sphere over the N-cube approaches pi e/6 approximately=1.53 dB. A nonequiprobable signaling scheme is described that approaches this full asymptotic shape gain in any fixed dimension. A signal constellation, Omega is partitioned into T subconstellations Omega /sub 0/, . . ., Omega /sub tau -1/ of equal size by scaling a basic region R. Signal points in the same subconstellation are used equiprobably, and a shaping code selects the subconstellation Omega /sub i/ with frequency f/sub i/. Shaping codes make it possible to achieve any desired fractional bit rate. The schemes presented are compared with equiprobable signaling schemes based on Voronoi regions of multidimensional lattices. For comparable shape gain and constellation expansion ratio, the peak to average power ratio of the schemes presented is superior. Furthermore, a simple table lookup is all that is required to address points in the constellations. It is also shown that it is possible to integrate coding and nonequiprobable signaling within a common multilevel framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Risk Stratification after Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Letters1 December 1997Risk Stratification after Myocardial InfarctionEric D. Peterson, MD, Leslee J. Shaw, PhD, and Robert M. Califf, MDEric D. Peterson, MDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705, Leslee J. Shaw, PhDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705, and Robert M. Califf, MDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Horton raises two important questions about the care of patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction: length of stay and whether a stress perfusion imaging study is necessary before hospital discharge. Although it is true that our specific recommendations have yet to be tested in large randomized trials, we can already estimate the potential outcomes and costs associated with this strategy on the basis of information available from large myocardial infarction registries. For example, one can assess the cost-effectiveness of inpatient stays beyond hospital day 5 (for example, staying 7 versus 5 days) in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. ...References1. Mark DB, Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Califf RM, Naylor CD, Lee KL, et al. Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator versus streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction: results from the GUSTO randomized trial. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332:1418-24. Google Scholar2. Mark DB. Medical economics and health policy issues for interventional cardiology. In: Topol EJ, ed. Textbook of Interventional Cardiology. 2d ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993:1323-53. Google Scholar3. Peterson ED, Shaw LJ, Califf RM. Risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:561-82. Google Scholar4. American College of Physicians. Guidelines for risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:556-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eric D. Peterson, MD; Leslee J. Shaw, PhD; Robert M. Califf, MDAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRisk Stratification after Myocardial Infarction Heather L. Horton Metrics Cited byA Call for Pharmacists to Improve the Care of Patients with Myocardial Infarction 1 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 11Page: 1040-1041KeywordsDeath ratesExercise therapyHeartHospitalizationsInpatientsLength of stayLife expectancyMyocardial infarctionPostmyocardial infarctionRandomized trials ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Neurotrophin-3 Is Involved in the Formation of Apical Dendritic Bundles in Cortical Layer 2 of the Rat (2009)

Apical dendritic bundles from pyramidal neurons are a prominent feature of cortical neuropil but with significant area specializations. Here, we investigate mechanisms of bundle formation, focusing on layer (L) 2 bundles in rat granular retrosplenial cortex (GRS), a limbic area implicated in spatial memory. By using microarrays, we first searched for genes highly and specifically expressed in GRS L2 at postnatal day (P) 3 versus GRS L2 at P12 (respectively, before and after bundle formation), versus GRS L5 (at P3), and versus L2 in barrel field cortex (BF) (at P3). Several genes, including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), were identified as transiently and specifically expressed in GRS L2. Three of these were cloned and confirmed by in situ hybridization. To test that NT-3-mediated events are causally involved in bundle formation, we used in utero electroporation to overexpress NT-3 in other cortical areas. This produced prominent bundles of dendrites originating from L2 neurons in BF, where L2 bundles are normally absent. Intracellular biocytin fills, after physiological recording in vitro, revealed increased dendritic branching in L1 of BF. The controlled ectopic induction of dendritic bundles identifies a new role for NT-3 and a new in vivo model for investigating dendritic bundles and their formation.
Carboxyl-terminal Phosphorylation Regulates the Function and Subcellular Localization of Protein Kinase C βII (1999)

Protein kinase C is processed by three phosphorylation events before it is competent to respond to second messengers. Specifically, the enzyme is first phosphorylated at the activation loop by another kinase, followed by two ordered autophosphorylations at the carboxyl terminus (Keranen, L. M., Dutil, E. M., and Newton, A. C. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 1394-1403). This study examines the role of negative charge at the first conserved carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation position, Thr-641, in regulating the function and subcellular localization of protein kinase C betaII. Mutation of this residue to Ala results in compensating phosphorylations at adjacent sites, so that a triple Ala mutant was required to address the function of phosphate at Thr-641. Biochemical and immunolocalization analyses of phosphorylation site mutants reveal that negative charge at this position is required for the following: 1) to process catalytically competent protein kinase C; 2) to allow autophosphorylation of Ser-660; 3) for cytosolic localization of protein kinase C; and 4) to permit phorbol ester-dependent membrane translocation. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr-641 in protein kinase C betaII is essential for both the catalytic function and correct subcellular localization of protein kinase C. The conservation of this residue in every protein kinase C isozyme, as well as other members of the kinase superfamily such as protein kinase A, suggests that carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation serves as a key molecular switch for defining kinase function.
In vitro processing of dengue virus structural proteins: cleavage of the pre-membrane protein (1989)

Processing of dengue virus structural proteins was assessed in vitro. RNA transcripts for cell-free translation were prepared from cloned DNA (dengue virus type 4, strain 814669 genome) encoding capsid, pre-membrane (prM), and the first 23 amino acids of envelope (E). Processing of a 33-kilodalton precursor polypeptide encoded by wild-type RNA transcripts occurred only in the presence of added microsomal membranes. Under these conditions, cleavage at the capsid-prM and prM-E sites and glycosylation of prM occurred in association with translocation. Amino acid sequence analysis confirmed that translation initiated at the predicted N terminus of the capsid and that capsid-prM cleavage occurred at the predicted site for the action of signal peptidase following a candidate signal sequence (hydrophobic residues 100 to 113) in the dengue virus precursor. Mutations were introduced into the dengue virus DNA template by site-directed mutagenesis, altering nucleotide sequences encoding the capsid and the candidate signal for prM. The phenotypes of the mutants were deduced by analysis of the products of cell-free translation of the respective RNA transcripts. The resulting observations confirmed that cleavage at the capsid-prM and prM-E sites is effected entirely by signal peptidase and that the candidate signal is required for translocation.
van der Waals Interactions between Nanotubes and Nanoparticles for Controlled Assembly of Composite Nanostructures (2010)

We have demonstrated that ubiquitous van der Waals forces are significant in controlling the interactions between nanoparticles and nanotubes. The adsorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on nanotubes (MWNTs) obeys a simple quadratic dependence on the nanotube surface area, regardless of the source of AuNPs and MWNTs. Changes in the geometric parameters of the components have pronounced effects on the affinity of nanoparticles for nanotubes, with larger, more polarizable nanostructures exhibiting stronger attractive interactions, the impact of which changes in the following order MWNT diameter > AuNP diameter > MWNT length.
pH-dependent penicillin tolerance may protect intraleukocytic Staphylococcus aureus from killing by cloxacillin (1982)

Exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to cloxacillin at neutral pH rendered the bacteria more susceptible to subsequent lysis by lysostaphin. This sensitization effect also occurred at lower pH levels which were nonpermissive for the bactericidal action of cloxacillin, but the effect disappeared at pH 5.0. These findings elucidate previous observations on the protection of intraleukocytic S. aureus from killing by cloxacillin and indicate that low pH in the phagolysosomes may be involved.
Effects of long‐term feeding of marine oils with different positional distribution of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on lipid metabolism, eicosanoid production, and platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic rats (1998)

Abstract Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were distributed mainly in the sn ‐1,3 positions of seal oil triglyceride and in the sn ‐2 position of squid oil triglyceride. Seal oil‐rich or squid oil‐rich fats having constant saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n−6/n−3 PUFA ratios were fed to exogenously hypercholesterolemic rats for 160 d. The control fat contained linoleic acid as the sole PUFA. Before starting the experimental diets, rats were orally treated with high doses of vitamin D for 4 d to accelerate atherogenesis. The percentage of arachidonic acid in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of liver, platelets, and aorta was lower in the marine oil groups than in the control group, seal oil being more effective than squid oil. Maximal platelet aggregation induced by collagen was significantly lower both marine oil groups. Platelet thromboxane (TX) A 2 production induced by collagen or thrombin was markedly reduced by feeding seal or squid oils, the reduction being more pronounced in the seal oil than in the squid oil group. Aortic prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) production was the same among the three groups. The ratio of the productions of aortic PGI 2 and platelet TXA 2 was significantly higher in the seal oil than in the control group. Although there was no difference in intimal thickness among the three groups, the aortic cholesterol content was significantly lower in the marine oil groups than in the control group. These results showed that the main effects in rats of the different intramolecular distributions of EPA and DHA in dietary fats were on arachidonic acid content in tissue phospholipids and on platelet TXA 2 production.
Methods for Successful Cycling of Alloy Negative Electrodes in Li-Ion Cells (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Expression of IL-6 receptor in pancreatic cancer: involvement in VEGF induction. (2003)

Our results suggest that IL-6 is likely to take part in VEGF expression in both paracrine and autocrine fashion in pancreatic cancer. Induction of VEGF seems to be regulated by the extent of the IL-6 receptor expression on cancer cells.
Computer-integrated manufacturing of surfaces using octree encoding (1984)

This preliminary report presents an algorithm for automatically generating from an octree description the data that a computerized numerical control milling machine requires to manufacture a part.
Operating system support for high-speed communication (1996)

article Free AccessOperating system support for high-speed communication Author: Peter Druschel Rice Univ., Houston, TX Rice Univ., Houston, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 39Issue 9Sept. 1996 pp 41–51https://doi.org/10.1145/234215.234470Published:01 September 1996Publication History 24citation809DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads809Last 12 Months23Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Bacterial Type III Secretion Systems: Specialized Nanomachines for Protein Delivery into Target Cells (2014)

One of the most exciting developments in the field of bacterial pathogenesis in recent years is the discovery that many pathogens utilize complex nanomachines to deliver bacterially encoded effector proteins into target eukaryotic cells. These effector proteins modulate a variety of cellular functions for the pathogen's benefit. One of these protein-delivery machines is the type III secretion system (T3SS). T3SSs are widespread in nature and are encoded not only by bacteria pathogenic to vertebrates or plants but also by bacteria that are symbiotic to plants or insects. A central component of T3SSs is the needle complex, a supramolecular structure that mediates the passage of the secreted proteins across the bacterial envelope. Working in conjunction with several cytoplasmic components, the needle complex engages specific substrates in sequential order, moves them across the bacterial envelope, and ultimately delivers them into eukaryotic cells. The central role of T3SSs in pathogenesis makes them great targets for novel antimicrobial strategies.
Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli dnaJ gene and purification of the gene product. (1986)

The dnaJ and dnaK genes are essential for replication of Escherichia coli DNA, and they constitute an operon, dnaJ being downstream from dnaK. The amount of the dnaJ protein in E. coli is substantially less than that of the dnaK protein, which is produced abundantly. In order to construct a system that over-produces the dnaJ protein, we started our study by determining the DNA sequence of the entire dnaJ gene, and an operon fusion was constructed by inserting the gene downstream of the lambda PL promoter of an expression vector plasmid, pPL-lambda. Cells containing the recombinant plasmid produced dnaJ protein amounting to 2% of the total cellular protein when cells were induced. The overproduced protein was purified, and Edman degradation of the protein indicated that the NH2-terminal methionine was found to be processed. From the DNA sequence of the dnaJ gene, the processed gene product is composed of 375 amino acid residues, and its molecular weight is calculated to be 40,975.
Effect of inhibition of MAO and COMT on intrarenal dopamine and serotonin and on renal function (2001)

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effects of inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and/or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), enzymes involved in the degradation of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), on intrarenal DA and 5-HT, as reflected in the renal interstitial fluid (RIF) microdialysate and urine, and on renal function. Inhibition of MAO selectively increased RIF 5-HT from 3.16 +/- 0.38 to 8.03 +/- 1.83 pg/min (n = 7, P < 0.05), concomitant with decreases in mean arterial blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (2.09 +/- 0. 18 to 1.57 +/- 0.22 ml/min, n = 7, P < 0.05). Inhibition of COMT significantly increased RIF DA (3.47 +/- 0.70 to 8.68 +/- 1.96 pg/min, n = 9, P < 0.05), urinary DA (2.00 +/- 0.16 to 2.76 +/- 0.26 ng/min, n = 9, P < 0.05), and absolute excretion of sodium (6.42 +/- 2.00 to 9.82 +/- 1.62 micromol/min, n = 10, P < 0.05). Combined inhibition of MAO and COMT significantly increased RIF DA, urinary DA, and urinary 5-HT, which was accompanied with increases in urine flow rate, and absolute (3.03 +/- 0.59 to 8.40 +/- 1.61 micromol/min, n = 9, P < 0.01) and fractional excretion of sodium. We conclude that inhibition of MAO selectively increases RIF 5-HT. COMT appears to be more important than MAO in the metabolism of intrarenal DA. Physiological increases in intrarenal DA/5-HT induced by inhibition of their degrading enzymes are accompanied with significant alterations of renal function.
Cell Segmentation Using a Similarity Interface With a Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

Even though convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been used for cell segmentation, they require pixel-level ground truth annotations. This paper proposes a multitask learning algorithm for cell detection and segmentation using CNNs. We use dot annotations placed inside each cell indicating approximate cell centroids to create training datasets for the detection and segmentation tasks. The segmentation task is used to map the input image to foreground versus background regions, whereas the detection task is used to predict the centroids of the cells. Our multitask model shares convolutional layers between the two tasks, while having task-specific output layers. Learning two tasks simultaneously reduces the risks of overfitting and also helps in separating overlapping cells better. We also introduce a similarity interface (SI) that can be integrated with our multitask network to allow easy adaptation between domains, and to compensate for the variability in contrast and texture of cells seen in microscopy images. The SI comprises an unsupervised first layer in combination with a neighborhood similarity layer (NSL). A layer of logistic sigmoid functions is used as an unsupervised first layer to separate clustered image patches from each other. The NSL transforms its input feature map at a given pixel by computing its similarity to the surrounding neighborhood. Our proposed method achieves higher/comparable detection and segmentation scores as compared to recent state-of-the-art methods with significantly reduced effort for generating training data.