gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-field current-hysteretic oscillations in spin-transfer nanocontacts (2007)

We measured spin-transfer-driven, large-amplitude, current-hysteretic, low-frequency $(&lt;500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz})$, narrowband oscillations in nanocontacts made to spin valve structures. The oscillations occur in zero field, persist up to $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ for in-plane applied fields, and to beyond $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mT}$ for out-of-plane fields. Unlike for previous measurements, here the oscillation frequency is well below that for uniform-mode ferromagnetic resonance, is a weak function of the applied field and current, and is highly anharmonic. The oscillations are hysteretic with dc current, appearing at high currents but persisting to lower currents upon decrease of the current. We suggest that these observations are consistent with the dynamics of a nonuniform magnetic state, one nucleated by both the spin-transfer torque and dc current-generated Oersted fields, with dynamics driven by spin transfer. The electrical oscillations are large amplitude and narrowband, with the largest amplitudes on the order of $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mV}$ and the narrowest linewidths below $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$.
Novel adiabatic tapered couplers for active III–V/SOI devices fabricated through transfer printing (2016)

We present the design of two novel adiabatic tapered coupling structures that allow efficient and alignment tolerant mode conversion between a III-V membrane waveguide and a single-mode SOI waveguide in active heterogeneously integrated devices. Both proposed couplers employ a broad intermediate waveguide to facilitate highly alignment tolerant coupling. This robustness is needed to comply with the current misalignment tolerance requirements for high-throughput transfer printing. The proposed coupling structures are expected to pave the way for transfer-printing-based heterogeneous integration of active III-V devices such as semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), photodetectors, electro-absorption modulators (EAMs) and single wavelength lasers on silicon photonic integrated circuits.
Assignment of the structural gene for the third component of human complement to chromosome 19. (1982)

The third component of complement (C3) is synthesized and secreted by cultured human primary fibroblasts. A monoclonal antibody having specificity for an antigenic determinant carried by human but not mouse C3 was used to study the continued expression of human C3 in three panels of independently derived human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Expression of the human product was shown to segregate with human chromosome 19 and with no other chromosome or group of chromosomes. A unique-sequence human genomic C3 DNA clone was isolated and used as a probe in DNA hybridization experiments with DNA prepared from appropriate human-mouse somatic cell hybrids to confirm assignment of the human C3 gene to chromosome 19.
A solution for the automated detection of clickjacking attacks (2010)

Clickjacking is a web-based attack that has recently received a wide media coverage. In a clickjacking attack, a malicious page is constructed such that it tricks victims into clicking on an element of a different page that is only barely (or not at all) visible. By stealing the victim's clicks, an attacker could force the user to perform an unintended action that is advantageous for the attacker (e.g., initiate an online money transaction). Although clickjacking has been the subject of many discussions and alarming reports, it is currently unclear to what extent clickjacking is being used by attackers in the wild, and how significant the attack is for the security of Internet users.
Plasma ceramide and lysophosphatidylcholine inversely correlate with mortality in sepsis patients (2003)

Recent data indicate that ceramide (Cer) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) regulate immune cell functions. Since these bioactive lipids are generated in blood plasma by inflammatory lipases, we hypothesized that they may be involved in the process of acute systemic sepsis. In order to provide support for this hypothesis, we analyzed the plasma levels of Cer and LPC by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry in 102 sepsis patients starting with the day at which the sepsis criteria were fulfilled for the first time, as well as on day 4 and day 11. The values were compared with 56 healthy controls and correlated with sepsis-related mortality within 30 days of study entry. Most Cer species were increased in sepsis patients, while all LPC species were markedly decreased. In addition, we determined the molar ratios with their precursor molecules sphingomyelin (SPM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), which reflect the enzymatic reactions responsible for their formation. Species-specific as well as total Cer-SPM ratios were increased, whereas LPC-PC ratios were decreased in sepsis patients. The increased Cer-SPM ratios as well as the decreased LPC-PC ratios showed a strong predictive power for sepsis-related mortality. Together with existing data from in vitro experiments and animal models, the results provide the first ex vivo indication for the role of Cer and lysophospholipids in systemic inflammation in humans.
Exchange-biased magnetic tunnel junctions and application to nonvolatile magnetic random access memory (invited) (1999)

Exchange biased magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures are shown to have useful properties for forming magnetic memory storage elements in a novel cross-point architecture. MTJ elements have been developed which exhibit very large magnetoresistive (MR) values exceeding 40% at room temperature, with specific resistance values ranging down to as little as ∼60 Ω(μm)2, and with MR values enhanced by moderate thermal treatments. Large MR values are observed in magnetic elements with areas as small as 0.17 (μm)2. The magnetic field dependent current–voltage characteristics of an MTJ element integrated with a silicon diode are analyzed to extract the MR properties of the MTJ element itself.
Low Cost Chip Carriers for the 1980's (1981)

Most industry people are projecting an accelerated market penetration in the 1980's for the various forms of chip carriers as laid out by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC) JCII-3 committee. Many papers have been written promoting its advantages over the old reliable dual in-line package (DIP)-advantages like size, weight, thermal, electrical, and reliability. A novel approach for low cost leaded chip carriers, centered within the JEDEC standards, in both hermetic and plastic versions is outlined. By careful utilization of precious metals, hardware commonality, and process simplification, savings of up to 50 percent can be achieved over present-day chip carrier costs. After a review of chip carrier parameters, both necessary and desirable, an outline of Bell Northern Research's (BNR's) solution highlighting hardware design, flow charts, test results, and comparative material costs curves is pre- sented.
Asymmetric Strecker-Type Reaction of α-Aryl Ketones. Synthesis of (S)-αM4CPG, (S)-MPPG, (S)-AIDA, and (S)-APICA, the Antagonists of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (1998)

Heating a mixture of alpha-aryl ketone with (R)-phenylglycinol produces a mixture of imine and 1,3-dioxazolidine. Treatment of this mixture with trimethylsilyl cyanide followed by transformation of nitrile to ester gives Strecker-type reaction products. The diastereoselectivity of the generated alpha-amino esters is from 2/1 to 7/1, and the (R,S)isomer is found as the major product. The (R,S) and (R,R)isomers can be separated by conversion to their N-Cbz or cyclization derivatives. Using this methodology, four antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors, (S)-alphaM4CPG, (S)-MPPG, (S)-AIDA, and (S)-APICA, are synthesized.
Identification of a Human Mitotic Checkpoint Gene: hsMAD2 (1996)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MAD2 is required for mitotic arrest if the spindle assembly is perturbed. The human homolog of MAD2 was isolated and shown to be a necessary component of the mitotic checkpoint in HeLa cells by antibody electroporation experiments. Human, or Homo sapiens, MAD2 (hsMAD2) was localized at the kinetochore after chromosome condensation but was no longer observed at the kinetochore in metaphase, suggesting that MAD2 might monitor the completeness of the spindle-kinetochore attachment. Finally, T47D, a human breast tumor cell line that is sensitive to taxol and nocodazole, had reduced MAD2 expression and failed to arrest in mitosis after nocodazole treatment. Thus, defects in the mitotic checkpoint may contribute to the sensitivity of certain tumors to mitotic spindle inhibitors.
Codon usage: Nature's roadmap to expression and folding of proteins (2011)

Biomedical and biotechnological research relies on processes leading to the successful expression and production of key biological products. High-quality proteins are required for many purposes, including protein structural and functional studies. Protein expression is the culmination of multistep processes involving regulation at the level of transcription, mRNA turnover, protein translation, and post-translational modifications leading to the formation of a stable product. Although significant strides have been achieved over the past decade, advances toward integrating genomic and proteomic information are essential, and until such time, many target genes and their products may not be fully realized. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide some experimental support and a brief overview of how codon usage bias has evolved relative to regulating gene expression levels.
Update on bilateral cochlear implantation (2003)

It is now appropriate to begin experimental studies of binaural cochlear implants. Preliminary results show promise to improve head shadow, a physical advantage, and sound localization. Some benefits have been observed for improved summation and squelch. These findings have demonstrated that the brain can integrate electrical stimulation from the two ears. Future studies will be required to maximize this binaural hearing.
Switchable-Polarity Solvents Prepared with a Single Liquid Component (2007)

Known liquids that can reversibly switch their polarity at atmospheric pressure are all prepared as mixtures of two liquid components; we now report a series of switchable-polarity solvents that consist, in their low-polarity form, of only a single liquid component, a secondary amine. These solvents operate in a polarity range that is significantly lower than those of previously reported switchable solvents. Application to the separation and purification of a polymer and recovery of a catalyst is described.
Secondary amine/nitric oxide complex ions, R2N[N(O)NO]-. O-Functionalization chemistry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSecondary amine/nitric oxide complex ions, R2N[N(O)NO]-. O-Functionalization chemistryJoseph E. Saavedra, Tambra M. Dunams, Judith L. Flippen-Anderson, and Larry K. KeeferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 23, 6134–6138Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00049a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (764 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Patterned Surfaces with Pillars with Controlled 3D Tip Geometry Mimicking Bioattachment Devices (2007)

Structured surfaces with 3D pillars with different geometries resembling those found in biological-attachment devices are microfabricated and their adhesion performance is tested (see figure). This work provides the first experimental evidence of the influence of the contact shape on the adhesion of structured surfaces and paves the road to a better understanding of biological-attachment systems and to optimum designs of artificial analogues.
Can the Clock Be Turned Back on Ovarian Aging? (2004)

A basic tenet of reproductive biology is that female mammals are born with a set number of germ cells (oocytes). A new study by Johnson et al. challenges these beliefs by demonstrating that the postnatal mouse ovary contains actively dividing germ cells. These findings have implications for prolonging the reproductive life span of women.
Model-Based Clustering, Discriminant Analysis, and Density Estimation (2002)

Cluster analysis is the automated search for groups of related observations in a dataset. Most clustering done in practice is based largely on heuristic but intuitively reasonable procedures, and most clustering methods available in commercial software are also of this type. However, there is little systematic guidance associated with these methods for solving important practical questions that arise in cluster analysis, such as how many clusters are there, which clustering method should be used, and how should outliers be handled. We review a general methodology for model-based clustering that provides a principled statistical approach to these issues. We also show that this can be useful for other problems in multivariate analysis, such as discriminant analysis and multivariate density estimation. We give examples from medical diagnosis, minefield detection, cluster recovery from noisy data, and spatial density estimation. Finally, we mention limitations of the methodology and discuss recent developments in model-based clustering for non-Gaussian data, high-dimensional datasets, large datasets, and Bayesian estimation.
Notch1 is required for the coordinate segmentation of somites (1995)

Members of the Notch family of transmembrane receptors mediate a number of developmental decisions in invertebrates. In order to study Notch function in a vertebrate organism, we have mutated the Notch1 gene of the mouse. Notch1 gene function is required for embryonic survival in the second half of gestation. In the first half of gestation, we have found no effect of the mutation on the normal programs of neurogenesis, myogenesis or apoptosis. We conclude that Notch1 function is not essential for these processes, at least in early postimplantation development. However, we have found that somitogenesis is delayed and disorganized in Notch1 mutant embryos. We propose that Notch1 normally coordinates the process of somitogenesis, and we provide a model of how this might occur.
Sperm Numbers Inseminated in Dairy Cattle and Nonreturn Rates Revisited (1997)

Three experiments were conducted to test fertility when sperm numbers per insemination ranged from 10 x 10(6) to 40 x 10(6) total sperm. All semen was from Holstein bulls that were on a regular schedule of semen collection. The semen was extended with heated homogenized whole milk, cooled, glycerolated, and frozen according to standard procedures. Semen was distributed to a large group of inseminators to minimize differential field effects on treatment. All experiments were a randomized block design, including a split plot in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, data for 31,399 first inseminations distributed among treatments of 20 x 10(6), 25 x 10(6), 30 x 10(6), and 40 x 10(6) total sperm resulted in 69.8, 70.0, 70.1, and 70.1% nonreturns at 59 d, respectively. In Experiment 2, data for 18,197 first inseminations divided over treatments of 12 x 10(6), 16 x 10(6), and 20 x 10(6) total sperm resulted in 70.2, 72.4, and 70.8% nonreturns at 59 d, respectively. In Experiment 3, 38,890 first inseminations distributed over treatments of 10 x 10(6), 13 x 10(6), 16 x 10(6), and 20 x 10(6) total sperm resulted in 70.5, 72.2, 73.1, and 71.5% nonreturns at 59 d, respectively. Bull nonreturns ranged from 64 to 76% in the three trials. These results indicate that, under good conditions, total sperm numbers per straw can be reduced to 10 x 10(6) total sperm with a reduction of nonreturn rates at 59 d, for most bulls, of about 1 percentage unit from the maximum when professional inseminators are use.
Medical image matching-a review with classification (1993)

A classification scheme for multimodal image matching is considered. The scope of the classification is restricted to methods that register data after acquisitions. The classification scheme may be used for any modality; not only for (2-D) projection images and (3-D) tomographic images, but also for other signal modalities that provide spatial insight into function or anatomy, e.g., EEG (electroencephalography) or MEG (magnetoencephalography) and for the real physical patient. The available literature on image matching is discussed and classified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Durch Co2(CO)8 katalysierte Reaktion von Olefinen mit Silan und Kohlenmonoxid (1977)

Enol‐silyl‐ether vom Typ (3) bilden sich aus Olefinen, CO und Silanen wie (1) in Gegenwart von Co 2 (CO) 8 . Die in Analogie zur Hydroformylierung erwarteten Produkte (2) entstehen nicht. magnified image
Transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA to the central nervous system (2007)

A major impediment in the treatment of neurological diseases is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which precludes the entry of therapeutic molecules from blood to brain. Here we show that a short peptide derived from rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) enables the transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to the brain. This 29-amino-acid peptide specifically binds to the acetylcholine receptor expressed by neuronal cells. To enable siRNA binding, a chimaeric peptide was synthesized by adding nonamer arginine residues at the carboxy terminus of RVG. This RVG-9R peptide was able to bind and transduce siRNA to neuronal cells in vitro, resulting in efficient gene silencing. After intravenous injection into mice, RVG-9R delivered siRNA to the neuronal cells, resulting in specific gene silencing within the brain. Furthermore, intravenous treatment with RVG-9R-bound antiviral siRNA afforded robust protection against fatal viral encephalitis in mice. Repeated administration of RVG-9R-bound siRNA did not induce inflammatory cytokines or anti-peptide antibodies. Thus, RVG-9R provides a safe and noninvasive approach for the delivery of siRNA and potentially other therapeutic molecules across the blood-brain barrier.
Origin and Diversity of Alginate Lyases of Families PL-5 and -7 in Sphingomonas sp. Strain A1 (2004)

Sphingomonas sp. strain A1 has three endotype alginate lyases (A1-I, A1-II [family PL-7], and A1-III [family PL-5]), each of which is encoded by a single gene. In addition to those of these lyases, a gene (the A1-II' gene) showing significant identity with the A1-II gene was present in the bacterial genome and coded for an alginate lyase with broad substrate specificity. Since no expression of A1-II' was observed even in bacterial cells grown on alginate, the A1-II' gene was thought to be a silent gene derived from the A1-II gene, presumably through duplication, modification, and translocation.
High Ionic Liquid Content Polymeric Gel Membranes: Preparation and Performance (2010)

Ionic liquid polymeric gel membranes containing from 20 wt % to 80 wt % of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI]) in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (p(VDF-HFP)) were prepared by solvent casting from a solution in acetone. The effect of the ionic liquid on the performance and properties of the membranes was discussed and compared with the neat polymer. In the presence of an excess of ionic liquid, p(VDF-HFP) membranes swell in a significant way, especially above 70 °C, becoming completely soluble above 90 °C. DSC analysis shows a gradual decrease of the melting point of the gel and a decrease in the overall melting enthalpy with increasing IL content, whereas the melting enthalpy normalized for the polymer fraction shows an initial drop and then a gradual increase. In the presence of the ionic liquid, the elastic modulus and break strength decrease dramatically, while the maximum deformation first increases due to higher flexibility of the plasticized polymer and then rapidly decreases above 40 wt % of IL as a consequence of the progressive decrease of the number of entanglements. X-ray studies demonstrate a reduction in the overall crystal content. The position of the strongest diffraction peak remains unaltered in all samples, suggesting that only the polymer chains crystallize and that no cocrystallization of ionic liquid and polymer takes place. Preliminary gas permeation measurements show a significant increase of the permeability in the presence of [EMIM][TFSI], especially for carbon dioxide. This suggests a potential application in gas separation membranes, for instance for natural gas treatment or for CO2 sequestration from flue gas.
Sventrin, a New Bromopyrrole Alkaloid from the Caribbean Sponge Agelas sventres (2001)

A detailed analysis of the secondary metabolites of a specimen of Agelas sventres was carried out here for the first time. The chemistry of Agelas sponges is dominated by bromopyrrole derivatives. Besides three known bromopyrrole metabolites, a new compound, sventrin (1), was isolated and its structure identified using spectroscopic methods. Sventrin (1) was shown to be a feeding deterrent compound against a common omnivorous reef fish.
Cloning and Characterization of Subunits of the T-Cell Receptor and Murine Leukemia Virus Enhancer Core-Binding Factor (1993)

Moloney murine leukemia virus causes thymic leukemias when injected into newborn mice. A major determinant of the thymic disease specificity of Moloney virus genetically maps to the conserved viral core motif in the Moloney virus enhancer. Point mutations introduced into the core site significantly shifted the disease specificity of the Moloney virus from thymic leukemia to erythroid leukemia (N.A. Speck, B. Renjifo, E. Golemis, T.N. Fredrickson, J.W. Hartley, and N. Hopkins, Genes Dev. 4:233-242, 1990). We previously reported the purification of core-binding factors (CBF) from calf thymus nuclei (S. Wang and N.A. Speck, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:89-102, 1992). CBF binds to core sites in murine leukemia virus and T-cell receptor enhancers. Affinity-purified CBF contains multiple polypeptides. In this study, we sequenced five tryptic peptides from two of the bovine CBF proteins and isolated three cDNA clones from a mouse thymus cDNA library encoding three of the tryptic peptides from the bovine proteins. The cDNA clones, which we call CBF beta p22.0, CBF beta p21.5, and CBF beta p17.6, encode three highly related but distinct proteins with deduced molecular sizes of 22.0, 21.5, and 17.6 kDa that appear to be translated from multiply spliced mRNAs transcribed from the same gene. CBF beta p22.0, CBF beta p21.5, and CBF beta p17.6 do not by themselves bind the core site. However, CBF beta p22.0 and CBF beta p21.5 form a complex with DNA-binding CBF alpha subunits and as a result decrease the rate of dissociation of the CBF protein-DNA complex. Association of the CBF beta subunits does not extend the phosphate contacts in the binding site. We propose that CBF beta is a non-DNA-binding subunit of CBF and does not contact DNA directly.