gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor effect of liposome-incorporated camptothecin in human malignant xenografts (1995)

The nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I (topo I) has been recently recognized as the target for the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT; NSC 94600) and its derivatives. This drug has been reported to display effective antitumor effects on a variety of human tumor models xenografted in nude mice. However clinical studies of sodium CPT have revealed that the open-ring form of the drug is a poor inhibitor of topo I and much less potent antitumor agent than CPT lactone. However, the insolubility of CPT lactone makes it difficult to devise a suitable formulation for further clinical testing. In view of these observations, we report here the successful incorporation of CPT into a liposome-based drug delivery system (LCPT) composed of DPPC:Sph:CHOL:PI (2.4:6.6:1.0:0.05 M ratio) that can be used as a suitable formulation for clinical testing of the drug. Higher incorporation efficiency was observed when the total phospholipids:drug ratio = 40 and the cholesterol content = 1%. Image analysis of the CPT-containing liposomes with freeze-fracture electron microscopy has indicated that CPT significantly increased the interlamellar space of the vesicles as a result of its intercalation between lipid bilayers. This has occurred with no major disruptive effects on the bilayer structure. The in vitro drug release study in human serum was characterized by an initial rapid loss-of 50% of contents during 4 h, followed by a slow leakage of the remaining 50% of the total drug over a 20 h period. When tested for its antitumor activity on nude mice xenografted with human malignant melanoma and breast carcinoma, LCPT displayed effective antitumor activity with minimal host toxicity. For example, single i.m. injection of LCPT at 10 mg/kg has produced complete tumor regression to nude mice xenografted with CLO breast carcinoma. Likewise, similar results were obtained with the nude mice xenografted with human malignant BRO cells melanoma. These results appear to suggest that i.m. administration of liposome-incorporated CPT has considerable potential for the treatment of human neoplastic diseases, especially lymph node metastases.
Functional map and domain structure of MET, the product of the c- met protooncogene and receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (2003)

Little is known about the large ectodomain of MET, the product of the c-met protooncogene and receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). Here, we establish by deletion mutagenesis that the HGF/SF and heparin-binding sites of MET are contained within a large N-terminal domain spanning the alpha-chain (amino acids 25-307) and the first 212 amino acids of the beta-chain (amino acids 308-519). Neither the cystine-rich domain (amino acids 520-561) nor the C-terminal half of MET (amino acids 562-932) bind HGF/SF or heparin directly. The MET ectodomain, which behaves as a rod-shaped monomer with a large Stokes radius in solution, binds HGF/SF in the absence or presence of heparin, and forms a stable HGF/SF-heparin-MET complex with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. We also show that the ligand-binding domain adopts a beta-propeller fold, which is similar to the N-terminal domain of alphaV integrin, and that the C-terminal half contains four Ig domains (amino acids 563-654, 657-738, 742-836, and 839-924) of the unusual structural E set, which could be modeled on bacterial enzymes. Our studies provide 3D models and a functional map of the MET ectodomain. They have broad implications for structure-function of the MET receptor and the related semaphorin and plexin proteins.
Recent Progress toward Understanding Biosynthesis of the Amylopectin Crystal (2000)

Plant starch granules provide the largest percentage of calories in the human diet. Starch consists almost entirely of the Glc homopolymers amylopectin and amylose. Amylopectin is the major contributor to both mass and granule structure. Because of the very basic role that starch plays in our
Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms (1976)

Abstract The number of angiosperm species for which nuclear DNA amount estimates have been made has nearly trebled since the last collected lists of such values were published, and therefore, publication of a more comprehensive list is overdue. This paper lists absolute nuclear DNA amounts for 753 angiosperm species. The data were assembled primarily for reference purposes, and so the species are listed in alphabetical order, as this was felt to be more helpful to cyto- and biochemists whom, it is anticipated, will be among its major users. The paper also reviews aspects of the history, nomenclature, methods, accuracy and problems of nuclear DNA estimation in angiosperms. No attempt is made to reconsider those aspects of nuclear DNA estimation which have been fully revised previously, although the bibliography of such aspects is given. Instead, the paper is intended as a source of basic information regarding the terminology, practice and limitations of nuclear DNA estimation, especially by Feulgen microdensitometry, as currently practiced.
Myotrophin in human cardiomyopathic heart. (1993)

Earlier, myotrophin, a factor, has been isolated, purified, and partially sequenced from spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts that stimulated myocyte growth. To evaluate the role of myotrophin in the initiation of the human dilated cardiomyopathic heart, we have isolated and purified myotrophin to homogeneity (approximately 50,000-fold) as defined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). During purification, we used a bioassay system in which adult myocardial cells maintained in culture were used to evaluate protein synthesis by the incorporation of [3H]leucine into myocyte protein. Myotrophin purified from human dilated cardiomyopathic hearts is composed of a single polypeptide chain having an apparent molecular mass of 12 kD, determined by SDS-PAGE. The partial internal amino acid sequence of human myotrophin is very similar to that of rat myotrophin peptide T9. Using a rat myotrophin peptide (T26) antibody, we identified human myotrophin on an immunoblot. These results showed that human myotrophin possesses the T9 and T26 regions of rat myotrophin. Human myotrophin stimulated myocardial protein synthesis and cell growth, similar to the way in which rat myotrophin stimulated these factors. Western blot analysis showed the presence of myotrophin in both dilated cardiomyopathic and normal human hearts. In addition, we observed significantly elevated levels of myotrophin in dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts when compared with age- and sex-matched normal control hearts. From these observations, we conclude that myotrophin is present in normal human hearts, is found at higher levels in dilated cardiomyopathic human hearts, and may play a role in the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy as well as in normal growth of cardiac myocytes in humans.
Branched chain amino acids supplemented with L-acetylcarnitine versus BCAA treatment in hepatic coma: a randomized and controlled double blind study (2009)

Our study demonstrated that the administration of BCAA supplemented with LAC might improve neurological symptoms and serum ammonium levels in selected cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma.
An in-Depth Survey of Visible Light Communication Based Positioning Systems (2016)

While visible light communication (VLC) has become the candidate for the wireless technology of the 21st century due to its inherent advantages, VLC based positioning also has a great chance of becoming the standard approach to positioning. Within the last few years, many studies on VLC based positioning have been published, but there are not many survey works in this field. In this paper, an in-depth survey of VLC based positioning systems is provided. More than 100 papers ranging from pioneering papers to the state-of-the-art in the field were collected and classified based on the positioning algorithms, the types of receivers, and the multiplexing techniques. In addition, current issues and research trends in VLC based positioning are discussed.
CAMP: a context-aware mobile portal (2002)

Context-awareness enhancing mobile computing is expected to be one of the major ingredients of the future wireless services based on IP technologies. This paper proposes the concept of a modular mobile Internet portal enhanced with context-awareness features. Some context-aware services built into the portal are explained and the benefit for the mobile users analyzed. We present a functional prototype, which has been successfully used as a concept proof.
Nonpeptidic and Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP Proteins (2010)

A series of compounds were designed and synthesized as antagonists of cIAP-1/2 and XIAP based upon our previously identified lead compound SM-122 (1). The most potent of these (7) binds to XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2 proteins with K(i) values of 36, <1, and <1.9 nM, respectively. Consistent with its potent binding affinities to IAPs, 7 effectively antagonizes XIAP in a cell-free caspase-9 functional assay, efficiently induces cIAP-1 degradation in cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM, and triggers activation of caspases and PARP cleavage in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Compound 7 potently inhibits cell growth in the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line with an IC(50) value of 200 nM and is 9 times more potent than compound 1.
“Prochain Episode” et “Menaud, maitre-draveur”: le decalque romanesque (2021)

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Clones of Ectopic Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Muscle Defects In Vivo (2010)

Little is known about whether clones of ectopic, non-muscle stem cells contribute to muscle regeneration. Stem/progenitor cells that are isolated for experimental research or therapeutics are typically heterogeneous. Non-myogenic lineages in a heterogeneous population conceptually may compromise tissue repair. In this study, we discovered that clones of mononucleated stem cells of human tooth pulp fused into multinucleated myotubes that robustly expressed myosin heavy chain in vitro with or without co-culture with mouse skeletal myoblasts (C2C12 cells). Cloned cells were sustainably Oct4+, Nanog+ and Stro1+. The fusion indices of myogenic clones were approximately 16-17 folds greater than their parent, heterogeneous stem cells. Upon infusion into cardio-toxin induced tibialis anterior muscle defects, undifferentiated clonal progenies not only engrafted and colonized host muscle, but also expressed human dystrophin and myosin heavy chain more efficaciously than their parent heterogeneous stem cell populations. Strikingly, clonal progenies yielded ∼9 times more human myosin heavy chain mRNA in regenerating muscles than those infused with their parent, heterogeneous stem cells. The number of human dystrophin positive cells in regenerating muscles infused with clonal progenies was more than ∼3 times greater than muscles infused with heterogeneous stem cells from which clonal progenies were derived. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of ectopic myogenic clones in muscle regeneration.
The effect of fat removal on glucose tolerance is depot specific in male and female mice (2007)

Energy is stored predominately as lipid in white adipose tissue (WAT) in distinct anatomical locations, with each site exerting different effects on key biological processes, including glucose homeostasis. To determine the relative contributions of subcutaneous and visceral WAT on glucose homeostasis, comparable amounts of adipose tissue from abdominal subcutaneous inguinal WAT (IWAT), intra-abdominal retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT), male gonadal epididymal WAT (EWAT), or female gonadal parametrial WAT (PWAT) were removed. Gonadal fat removal in both male and female chow-fed lean mice resulted in lowered glucose levels across glucose tolerance tests. Female lean C57BL/6J mice as well as male and female lean FVBN mice significantly improved glucose tolerance, indicated by decreased areas under glucose clearance curves. For the C57BL/6J mice maintained on a high-fat butter-based diet, glucose homeostasis was improved only in female mice with PWAT removal. Removal of IWAT or RWAT did not affect glucose tolerance in either dietary condition. We conclude that WAT contribution to glucose homeostasis is depot specific, with male gonadal EWAT contributing to glucose homeostasis in the lean state, whereas female gonadal PWAT contributes to glucose homeostasis in both lean and obese mice. These data illustrate both critical differences among various WAT depots and how they influence glucose homeostasis and highlight important differences between males and females in glucose regulation.
FK506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b, a Negative Regulator of [Ca2+], Rescues Memory and Restores Genomic Regulation in the Hippocampus of Aging Rats (2017)

Hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (<i>FKBP1b</i>), a negative regulator of ryanodine receptor Ca<sup>2+</sup> release, reverses aging-induced memory impairment and neuronal Ca<sup>2+</sup> dysregulation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that <i>FKBP1b</i> also can protect downstream transcriptional networks from aging-induced dysregulation. We gave hippocampal microinjections of <i>FKBP1b</i>-expressing viral vector to male rats at either 13 months of age (long-term, LT) or 19 months of age (short-term, ST) and tested memory performance in the Morris water maze at 21 months of age. Aged rats treated ST or LT with <i>FKBP1b</i> substantially outperformed age-matched vector controls and performed similarly to each other and young controls (YCs). Transcriptional profiling in the same animals identified 2342 genes with hippocampal expression that was upregulated/downregulated in aged controls (ACs) compared with YCs (the aging effect). Of these aging-dependent genes, 876 (37%) also showed altered expression in aged <i>FKBP1b</i>-treated rats compared with ACs, with <i>FKBP1b</i> restoring expression of essentially all such genes (872/876, 99.5%) in the direction opposite the aging effect and closer to levels in YCs. This inverse relationship between the aging and <i>FKBP1b</i> effects suggests that the aging effects arise from <i>FKBP1b</i> deficiency. Functional category analysis revealed that genes downregulated with aging and restored by <i>FKBP1b</i> were associated predominantly with diverse brain structure categories, including cytoskeleton, membrane channels, and extracellular region. Conversely, genes upregulated with aging but not restored by <i>FKBP1b</i> associated primarily with glial-neuroinflammatory, ribosomal, and lysosomal categories. Immunohistochemistry confirmed aging-induced rarefaction and <i>FKBP1b</i>-mediated restoration of neuronal microtubular structure. Therefore, a previously unrecognized genomic network modulating diverse brain structural processes is dysregulated by aging and restored by <i>FKBP1b</i> overexpression.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Previously, we found that hippocampal overexpression of FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (<i>FKBP1b</i>), a negative regulator of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses, reverses both aging-related Ca<sup>2+</sup> dysregulation and cognitive impairment. Here, we tested whether hippocampal <i>FKBP1b</i> overexpression also counteracts aging changes in gene transcriptional networks. In addition to reducing memory deficits in aged rats, <i>FKBP1b</i> selectively counteracted aging-induced expression changes in 37% of aging-dependent genes, with cytoskeletal and extracellular structure categories highly associated with the <i>FKBP1b</i>-rescued genes. Our results indicate that, in parallel with cognitive processes, a novel transcriptional network coordinating brain structural organization is dysregulated with aging and restored by <i>FKBP1b</i>.
Calixarene-encapsulated nanoparticles: self-assembly into functional nanomaterials (2006)

Calixarenes are excellent surfactants for enhancing the dispersion and self-assembly of metal nanoparticles into well-defined structures, particularly those with unit length scales in the 10-100 nm size range. Particles within these ensembles are strongly coupled, giving rise to unique collective optical or magnetic properties. The self-assembled nanostructures described in this feature article include 2D arrays of colloidal Au nanoparticles with size-dependent plasmonic responses, and sub-100 nm Co nanoparticle rings with chiral magnetic states. These nanoparticle assemblies may be further developed for applications in chemical sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and as binary elements for nonvolatile memory, respectively.
Factors Affecting Long-Term Expression of a Secreted Transgene Product after Intravenous Administration of a Retroviral Vector (2001)

We have studied parameters affecting in vivo expression of human growth hormone (hGH) in mice after intravenous administration of a retroviral vector encoding the protein as a model system for clotting factor VIII gene therapy. Such treatment results in a brief burst of high-level expression followed by lower level sustained expression of the hGH in the circulation. The major targets for transduction in the mouse are liver and spleen. Such direct transduction (i.e., without surgical or chemical induction of cell division) requires vector at high titer (>/=10(8) cfu/ml) and is dose dependent. Transduction efficiency decreases with increasing age of the recipient. Nevertheless, long-term expression in adults is observed after administration of vector as a split dose on 2 consecutive days. We also show that anti-vector immune responses may enhance long-term expression and that both anti-vector and anti-transgene immunity can be modulated. This work provides a framework for the rational development of means to enhance the efficiency of retroviral vectors for use in clinical gene replacement therapy.
Translating animal research into clinical benefit (2007)

Poor methodological standards in animal studies mean that positive results rarely translate to the clinical domain
Burn performance of fast ignited, tritium-poor ICF fuels (1997)

The potentials of fuels that are predominantly deuterium, with a small tritium content (tritium-poor deuterium), are examined in the context of the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) scheme known as 'fast ignitor', which is based on external heating of a portion of a precompressed target. For this purpose, the burn performance of compressed spheres of pure or nearly pure deuterium with an off-centre deuterium-tritium (DT) seed, ignited by an ultrapowerful external beam, has been studied using two dimensional (2-D) numerical simulations. The dependences of the fuel energy gain on the fuel mass and energy, and on the tritium fractional content F-T, have been studied; Limiting gain curves have been obtained for fixed values of F-T and of the isentrope parameter a. It is found that assemblies with F-T = 0.5-1%, fuel mass m approximate to 20 mg, compressed at density rho approximate to 1000 g/cm(3), can achieve tritium self-sufficiency (i.e. net tritium production). At alpha approximate to 1.5, the corresponding fuel energy at ignition is of the order of 1 MJ and the fuel energy gain can be about 1000. The potentials of tritium-poor configurations are also compared with those of equimolar DT fuels with different ignition configurations.
Regression of C6 rat brain tumors by cells expressing an antisense insulin-like growth factor I receptor RNA. (1996)

We have previously shown that C6 cells expressing an antisense insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) RNA are no longer tumorigenic in syngeneic rats, protecting them from subsequent subcutaneous tumor challenge and causing regression of established subcutaneous tumors. In the present study, we have investigated the efficacy of this strategy on intracerebrally implanted C6 rat glioblastoma cells. We demonstrate that C6 cells expressing an antisense IGF-IR RNA implanted for 24 h in the subcutaneous tissue of the rats are able to elicit an anti-tumor response in the brain, leading to complete brain tumor regression and long-term survival of the rats. These findings suggest the possibility of therapeutic intervention in human gliomas.
The PHANToM Haptic Interface: A Device for Probing Virtual Objects (1994)

Abstract This paper describes the PHANToM haptic interface - a device which measures a user’s finger tip position and exerts a precisely controlled force vector on the finger tip. The device has enabled users to interact with and feel a wide variety of virtual objects and will be used for control of remote manipulators. The paper discusses the design rationale, novel kinematics and mechanics of the PHANToM. A brief description of the programming of basic shape elements and contact interactions is also given.
Recent developments in fabrication and applications of colloid based composite particles (2010)

In recent years, a variety of nano-(micro) scale organic–inorganic composite particles with well defined chemical composition, size and morphology have been fabricated and their applications in wide spectrum of cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. This review is focused on recent developments towards various fabrication methodologies and applications of such colloid based composite particles. Strategies for preparation of nano and micro scale composite materials are presented by choosing as examples hard core based composite particles having core–shell and raspberry-like morphologies and soft core based composite microgels. Applications of these materials in wide range of potential areas are discussed including the fabrication of colloidal crystal arrays, hollow spheres, superhydrophobic surfaces, filler carriers and smart nanomaterials.
Large and broadband piezoelectricity in smart polymer-foam space-charge electrets (2000)

Charged closed-cell microporous polypropylene foams are shown to exhibit piezoelectric resonance modes in the dielectric function, coupled with a large anisotropy in the electromechanical and elastic material properties. Strong direct and converse dynamic piezoelectricity with a piezoelectric d33 coefficient of 140 pC/N at 600 kHz is identified. The piezoelectric d33 coefficient exceeds that of the ferroelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride by a factor of 5 and compares favorably with ferroelectric ceramics. Applications of similar concepts should provide a broad class of easily fabricated “soft” piezoelectric materials.