gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor induces anti‐apoptotic heme oxygenase‐1 in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (2003)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and heme oxygenases (HOs) both exert neuroprotective effects. To characterize the role of HOs in the prevention of apoptosis by NGF, we investigated the effect of NGF on the expression of HOs in serum-deprived PC12 cells. Serum deprivation (SD) led to a rapid decrease in HO-1 gene expression followed by induction of apoptosis. Incubation of serum-deprived PC12 cells with NGF prevented apoptosis and increased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, as well as HO enzyme activity. HO-2 gene expression was unaffected by SD or NGF. Incubation of cells with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors (PD98059 or U0126) attenuated the ability of NGF to increase HO-1 expression and to protect PC12 cells against SD-induced apoptosis. NGF augmented HO-1 gene transcription but did not alter HO-1 mRNA stability. HO inhibitors or antisense HO-1 RNA decreased the ability of NGF to prevent cell apoptosis. Inhibition of HO activity enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and attenuated NGF-induced reduction of ROS in serum-deprived PC12 cells. These results demonstrate that NGF enhances HO-1 gene transcription via MEK activation and that the induction of HO-1 plays an important role in the antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects of NGF in serum-deprived PC12 cells.
Megabar high‐pressure cells for Raman measurements (2003)

Abstract Experimental aspects of Raman measurements at megabar pressures are considered. Features of diamond anvil cells working above 200 GPa are described. Problems of luminescence background at megabar pressures and the use of low‐luminescence diamonds are considered. Methods of pressure measurements at very high pressures are discussed. The pressure dependence of the Raman shift from the diamond anvil tip was used as a reliable estimate of the pressure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Direct sequence analysis of the 14q+ and 18q- chromosome junctions in follicular lymphoma (1990)

Although the t(14;18) chromosome translocation has been demonstrated to be a highly consistent feature of follicular lymphomas, the underlying mechanism generating this fusion has remained uncertain. To examine this question further, a polymerase chain reaction strategy has been devised to permit the amplification and direct sequencing of the resultant 14q+ and 18q- reciprocal junctions. Direct sequence analysis of amplified 14q+ junctions established that 7 of 11 tumors contained a bcl-2 (mbr) sequence fused to an immunoglobulin JH region (five were J6 and two were J5). One of these junctions had an unusual configuration with the bcl-2 and JH sequences separated by a recognizable DH region. This finding suggests that at least some of the junctional sequences, previously thought of as N insertions, may be fragments of unrecognized DH regions. It was also possible to amplify and sequence 18q- junctions using a primer based on the DH recombination signal sequences. Several 18q- junctions were shown to consist of DH/bcl-2 (either mbr or mcr) fusions. In two tumors the 14q+ and 18q- junctions were fully sequenced, and it was demonstrated that the bcl-2 sequence was conserved during mbr and mcr translocations. This contrasts with previous analyses that demonstrated either loss or duplication of several bases at the breakpoints in the bcl-2 gene.
Postoperative gastroparesis and tachygastria--response to electric stimulation and erythromycin. (1993)

Disturbances in gastric rhythm may accompany postoperative gastroparesis, although in our patient the dysrhythmias appeared to occur secondary to gastric outlet obstruction. Although his stomach could be paced, pacing was not effective in restoring a normal gastric rhythm. In contrast, intravenous erythromycin therapy was associated with rapid restoration of a normal gastric rhythm and slow improvement in gastric function.
Development of a new fault location algorithm for multi-terminal two parallel transmission lines (1992)

The authors propose a novel fault location algorithm for multiterminal parallel transmission lines. The proposed method uses the same AC inputs as protective relays and uses only the magnitude of the differential currents at each terminal. This makes it possible to simplify the H/W and S/W configurations of a fault locator since it is not required to synchronously collect the differential current data at each terminal. This algorithm consists of a basic three-terminal fault location algorithm and equivalent conversion to a three-terminal system from an n-terminal system. For a multifault occurring simultaneously at the same place on both lines as well as a single fault occurring at one place on one of the two lines, this algorithm is reasonably accurate. This was verified mathematically and examined by EMTP simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Statistical evaluation of laboratory and clinical criteria. (1970)

The expression of GnRH and its receptor as a part of an autocrine regulatory system of cell proliferation has been demonstrated in a number of human malignant tumors, including cancers of the breast, ovary and endometrium. Dose-dependent antiproliferative effects of GnRH agonists in cell lines derived from these cancers have been observed by various investigators. GnRH antagonists also have marked antiproliferative activity in most breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines tested, indicating that the dichotomy of GnRH agonists and antagonists might not apply to the GnRH system in cancer cells. The classical GnRH receptor signal-transduction mechanisms, known to operate in the pituitary, are not involved in the mediation of antiproliferative effects of GnRH analogs in cancer cells. Rather, the GnRH receptor interacts with the mitogenic signal transduction of growth factor receptors and related oncogene products associated with tyrosine kinase activity, via activation of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase, resulting in downregulation of cancer cell proliferation. In addition, GnRH activates nuclear factor kappaB and protects the cancer cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, GnRH induces activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway independent of the known AP-1 activators, protein kinase or mitogen activated protein kinase.
Hybrid Collagenase Nanocapsules for Enhanced Nanocarrier Penetration in Tumoral Tissues (2015)

Poor penetration of drug delivery nanocarriers within dense extracellular matrices constitutes one of the main liabilities of current nanomedicines. The conjugation of proteolytic enzymes on the nanoparticle surface constitutes an attractive alternative. However, the scarce resistance of these enzymes against the action of proteases or other aggressive agents present in the bloodstream strongly limits their application. Herein, a novel nanodevice able to transport proteolytic enzymes coated with an engineered pH-responsive polymeric is presented. This degradable coat protects the housed enzymes against proteolytic attack at the same time that it triggers their release under mild acidic conditions, usually present in many tumoral tissues. These enzyme nanocapsules have been attached on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, as nanocarrier model, showing a significatively higher penetration of the nanoparticles within 3D collagen matrices which housed human osteosarcoma cells (HOS). This strategy can improve the therapeutic efficacy of the current nanomedicines, allowing a more homogeneous and deeper distribution of the therapeutic nanosystems in cancerous tissues.
Enzyme replacement therapy for the mucopolysaccharide storage disorders (2002)

The mucopolysaccharide storage disorders are a group of lysosomal storage disorders associated with deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes required for the normal sequential degradation of glycosaminoglycans, formerly known as mucopolysaccharides. The accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in a wide variety of tissues results in a complex and progressive disease leading to death in the first or second decade in most patients. Studies of enzyme replacement in animal models of mucopolysaccharide disorders have demonstrated the potential of parenterally administered enzyme to reduce glycosaminoglycan storage and microscopic pathology. Clinical studies of enzyme replacement therapy are currently underway for mucopolysaccharidosis I, mucopolysaccharidosis VI and mucopolysaccharidosis II. The complexity and heterogeneity of the mucopolysaccharide disorders provide significant challenges for clinical study design and evaluation. Innovative clinical development strategies may be needed to lower the development cost and time for complex rare disease therapies to assure that such patients receive therapies they deserve.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry ‐ Applications of Light‐Directed Chemical Synthesis (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reactive oxygen species and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes as second messengers in signal transduction (2010)

Signaling by H(2)O(2), alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and related chemical species, is thought to differ from signaling by other second messengers because the oxidants and other electrophiles can readily undergo nonenzymatic reactions and are therefore classified as "reactive." This brief review will describe how and when the chemistry of signaling is similar or differs from classic second messengers, such as cyclic AMP, or posttranslational signaling, such as farnesylation or ubiquitination. The chemistry of cysteine provides a common factor that underlies signaling by H(2)O(2) and HNE. Nonetheless, as H(2)O(2) and HNE are rapidly metabolized in vivo, spatial considerations are extremely important in their actions. Therefore, the locations of sources of H(2)O(2) and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, the NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, membrane lipids, and redox cycling toxicants, as well as their targets, are key factors. The activation of the JNK pathway by HNE and endogenously generated H(2)O(2) illustrates these principles.
Conformational and Coordination Equilibria on DOTA Complexes of Lanthanide Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution Studied by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy (1997)

A variable-temperature, -pressure, and -ionic strength (1)H NMR study of the DOTA complexes of different trivalent cations (Sc, Y, La, Ce --> Lu) (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraaza-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)cyclododecane) yielded data that are in contradiction with the hitherto used model of only two enantiomeric pairs of diastereoisomers that differ in the ligand conformations. A two-isomer equilibrium cannot explain the newly observed apparent reversal of the isomer ratio at the end of the series. As both conformers may lose their inner sphere water molecule, a coordination equilibrium may be superimposed on this conformational equilibrium, as shown by large positive reaction volumes for the isomerization of [Ln(DOTA)(H(2)O)(x)()](-) (Ln = Yb, Lu; x = 1, 0). The isomerization of [Nd(DOTA)(H(2)O)](-) and [Eu(DOTA)(H(2)O)](-) is purely conformational, as shown by near-zero reaction volumes. The measured isomerization enthalpies and entropies agree with this model. The shift of the isomerization equilibria by a variety of non-coordinative salts depends on the ligand conformation rather than the presence or absence of the inner sphere water molecule. This results from weak ion binding and water solvent stabilization of one ligand conformation, rather than the decrease of the activity of the bulk water in the solution, as shown by UV-vis measurements of the coordination number sensitive transition (5)F(0) --> (7)D(0) of Eu(III) as a function of ionic strength. Fluoride ions replace a water molecule in the inner coordination sphere, preferentially for one of the conformational isomers, as proven by (19)F-NMR shifts and the appearance of a third set of resonances corresponding to [Eu(DOTA)F](2)(-) in the (1)H-NMR spectrum of [Eu(DOTA)(H(2)O)](-).
Enzymatic Hydrogenation of trans-2-Nonenal in Barley (2005)

Conversion of undesirable, taste-active compounds is crucial for using barley as a suitable raw material for beer production. Here, ALH1, a barley alkenal hydrogenase enzyme that reduced the alpha,beta-unsaturated double bond of aldehydes and ketones, was found to convert trans-2-nonenal (T2N), a major contributor to the cardboard-like flavor of aged beer. Although the physiological function of ALH1 in barley development remains elusive, it exhibited high specificity with NADPH as a cofactor in the conversion of several oxylipins-including T2N, trans-2-hexenal, traumatin, and 1-octen-3-one. ALH1 action represents a previously unknown mechanism for T2N conversion in barley. Additional experimental results resolved the genomic sequence for barley ALH1, as well as the identification of a paralog gene encoding ALH2. Interestingly, T2N was not converted by purified, recombinant ALH2. The possibility to enhance ALH1 activity in planta is discussed--not only with respect to the physiological consequences thereof--but also in relation to improved beer quality.
Dual-element antenna for DVB-H terminal (2008)

In this work, the feasibility of multi-element antennas for DVB-H receivers is studied. A small dual-element antenna based on so-called coupling element technique is designed and manufactured for a DVB-H terminal. In order to cover the whole DVB-H band the band is divided into two sub-bands, which are then separately matched using dual-resonant matching circuits. The designed antenna fulfills the DVB-H realized gain specification with about 2.5 dB margin. The performance of the new antenna was evaluated in a realistic usage environment using a computational antenna evaluation tool called MEBAT. Using the MEBAT results, the attainable mutual information was calculated and the results of the designed dual-element antenna were compared with the results of a single-element antenna with the same total volume as the dual-element antenna. It was noticed that two to four times higher mutual information values are obtained with the proposed dual-element antenna in a 2 x 2 MIMO configuration than with the reference single-element antenna in a SISO case.
The implementation of robotic technology in an animal facility: a case study. (2004)

The benefits of a robotics system for waste disposal and cage sanitation in an animal care facility include a reduction of ergonomic concerns and an increase in production capability. A modular approach can further provide an ability to relocate the unit to new building construction. There are numerous considerations that can affect the design and operation of a robotic cagewash system. These include facility layout, existing animal husbandry procedures, equipment selection, and employee involvement. The implementation of the complete system in an animal facility requires communication and insight from all members of the animal care staff as well as novel solutions to attain full production and operation. The system itself contains many complex technical and mechanical functions, but a successful installation can only be fully achieved with teamwork and proper training.
Diffusivity of CO2, CH4, C2H6 and N2 in athabasca bitumen (2002)

Abstract Experimental data for the diffusivity of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane and nitrogen in Athabasca bitumen are presented in the range 25–90°C at 4 and 8 MPa. The diffusivity of these gases has been determined as a function of gas concentration in bitumen using a non‐intrusive experim̀ental method. The diffusivity of gas in general is found to increase with temperature and pressure, and is a unimodal function of concentration. A correlation is provided for the average diffusivity of these gases as a function of temperature.
Honeycomb Carbon: A Review of Graphene (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTHoneycomb Carbon: A Review of GrapheneMatthew J. Allen†, Vincent C. Tung‡, and Richard B. Kaner*†‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095†Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute.‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 1, 132–145Publication Date (Web):July 17, 2009Publication History Received20 February 2009Published online17 July 2009Published inissue 13 January 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900070dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900070dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90502Altmetric-Citations6052LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anode materials,Carbon,Deposition,Layers,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis (2000)

The therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of cannabis, was explored in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was elicited by immunizing DBA/1 mice with type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The CII used was either bovine or murine, resulting in classical acute CIA or in chronic relapsing CIA, respectively. CBD was administered after onset of clinical symptoms, and in both models of arthritis the treatment effectively blocked progression of arthritis. CBD was equally effective when administered i.p. or orally. The dose dependency showed a bell-shaped curve, with an optimal effect at 5 mg/kg per day i.p. or 25 mg/kg per day orally. Clinical improvement was associated with protection of the joints against severe damage. Ex vivo, draining lymph node cells from CBD-treated mice showed a diminished CII-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma production, as well as a decreased release of tumor necrosis factor by knee synovial cells. In vitro effects of CBD included a dose-dependent suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, both mitogen-stimulated and antigen-specific, and the blockade of the Zymosan-triggered reactive oxygen burst by peritoneal granulocytes. It also was found that CBD administration was capable of blocking the lipopolysaccharide-induced rise in serum tumor necrosis factor in C57/BL mice. Taken together, these data show that CBD, through its combined immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, has a potent anti-arthritic effect in CIA.
Implementation and testing of anti-islanding algorithms for IEEE 929-2000 compliance of single phase photovoltaic inverters (2003)

Electrical system islanding occurs when the utility grid is removed but local sources continue to operate and provide power to local loads. This can present safety hazards and the possibility of damage to other electric equipment. Anti-islanding functionality is a key requirement for grid-interactive inverters used in PV systems that function as distributed generation sources. The IEEE Std. 929-2000 "Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems" (IEEE 929) sets testing requirements for these systems which includes an anti-islanding requirement. UL has adopted this practice in UL-1741. This paper provides a description of Xantrex anti-islanding algorithms and examples of inverter testing. Inverters tested were the Xantrex SW with GTI and ST models. Testing was performed at the Sandia National Laboratories Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory. Data is provided for single and multiple units with additional data on power quality.
IFN-α2b Reduces IL-2 Production and IL-2 Receptor Function in Primary CD4+ T Cells (2000)

Abstract Initially described as an antiviral cytokine, IFN-α has been subsequently shown to affect several cellular functions, including cellular differentiation and proliferation. For these reasons, IFN-α is currently used in clinical practice for the treatment of viral infections and malignancies. In this manuscript, we show two novel mechanisms concomitantly responsible for the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α. First, long-term treatment with IFN-α of primary CD4+ T cells reduced surface expression of CD3 and CD28. These events resulted in decreased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated activating kinase and its substrate extracellular signal-regulated kinase, leading to diminished production of IL-2. Second, IFN-α treatment of primary CD4+ T cells reduced proliferative response to stimulation in the presence of exogenous IL-2 by markedly decreasing mRNA synthesis and surface expression of CD25 (α-chain), a critical component of the IL-2R complex. These results may be relevant for the antitumor effects of IFN-α and may help us to better understand its detrimental role in the inhibition of proliferation of the bulk of CD4+ T cells (uninfected cells) in HIV-infected persons, who are known to overproduce IFN-α.
Sublingual midazolam premedication in children: a dose response study (1998)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various doses of sublingual midazolam premedication in children. In our prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, children (n = 102, age range 12 to 129 months) scheduled for day surgery were randomized to receive either midazolam in one of three doses (0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 mg.kg-1) or placebo. Injectable midazolam was mixed with a thick grape syrup and placed under the tongue; the patient was asked to hold it as long as possible before swallowing. Children readily accepted the mixture. Analysing all patients randomized, none of the children receiving placebo vs 28% receiving 0.25 mg.kg-1 (P = 0.02), 52% receiving 0.5 mg.kg-1 (P < 0.001), and 64% receiving 0.75 mg.kg-1 (P < 0.001) of midazolam showed satisfactory sedation (drowsy) at 15 min after administration. Children receiving the two higher doses of midazolam (0.5 and 0.75 mg.kg-1) accepted mask induction willingly, while the group receiving 0.25 mg.kg-1 resembled the placebo group (P < 0.05).