gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgery of Tachyarrhythmia: Intracardiac Closed Heart Cryoablation (1990)

Closed heart surgery without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the trends of surgical treatment of tachyarrhythmias. Having rich experience of epicardial cryoablation, the authors introduced the original technique of intracardiac cryoablation. They have demonstrated the feasibility of creation of complete AV block in patients with supraventricular tachycardias by AV node-His-bundle cryoablation, elimination of AV junctional ("nodal") tachycardia by perinodal cryoablation, cryoablation of septal and paraseptal left posterior AV accessory pathways and ectopic foci in atrial septum, complete or partial cryoisolation or cryofragmentation of the atria in patients with atrial flutter and/or fibrillation, and cryoablation or arrhythmogenic zones in ventricles. Good results (arrhythmia-free patients) were obtained in 82%-100%. Cryoablation on the closed heart without the use of CPB has the following advantages: (a) the possibility of continuous monitoring of cardiac electrical activity during the operation; (b) ablation efficacy control; and (c) diminished trauma and little risk of surgical intervention.
Unanticipated Environmental Costs in Construction Contracts: The Differing Site Conditions Clause as a Risk Allocation Tool (1995)

All construction projects have risks. No amount of legal drafting can eliminate risk for any of the participants in the process. As with environmental issues and every other aspect of the project, the objective is not the elimination of risk but the proper identification and allocation of risk to the appropriate participant.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa RpoS regulon and its relationship to quorum sensing (2003)

In Escherichia coli and some other gamma-Proteobacteria, the alternative sigma factor RpoS functions as a regulator of the general stress response. The role of RpoS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not clear. Although P. aeruginosa RpoS contributes to the resistance to several environmental stresses, its role appears to be less pivotal than in E. coli. In P. aeruginosa, RpoS also regulates the production of several virulence factors and influences the expression of individual genes that are controlled by quorum sensing. Some quorum-controlled genes are induced by RpoS, whereas others are repressed. To gain insights about RpoS function in P. aeruginosa and to understand better the regulation of quorum-controlled genes, we used transcript profiling to define an RpoS regulon. We identified 772 genes regulated by RpoS in stationary but not in logarithmic growth phase (504 were induced and 268 were repressed), and we identified putative RpoS promoter sequence elements with similarity to the E. coli RpoS consensus in several of these genes. Many genes in the regulon, for example a set of chemotaxis genes, have assigned functions that are distinct from those in E. coli and are not obviously related to a stress response. Furthermore, RpoS affects the expression of more than 40% of all quorum-controlled genes identified in our previous transcriptome analysis. This highlights the significance of RpoS as a global factor that controls quorum-sensing gene expression at the onset of stationary phase. The transcription profiling results have allowed us to build a model that accommodates previous seemingly conflicting reports.
High-Throughput Assay of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Using a Multichannel Liquid Handling System Coupled with a Microplate Fluorescence Reader in 96-Well Format (2002)

The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay has been widely accepted as a standard tool to measure the antioxidant activity in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. However, the ORAC assay has been criticized for a lack of accessibility due to the unavailability of the COBAS FARA II analyzer, an instrument discontinued by the manufacturer. In addition, the manual sample preparation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The objective of this study was to develop a high-throughput instrument platform that can fully automate the ORAC assay procedure. The new instrument platform consists of a robotic eight-channel liquid handling system and a microplate fluorescence reader. By using the high-throughput platform, the efficiency of the assay is improved with at least a 10-fold increase in sample throughput over the current procedure. The mean of intra- and interday CVs was <or=15%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 5 and 6.25 microM, respectively.
Lipid components of adipose tissue (1965)

The sections in this article are: 1 Evolutionary Trends in the Composition of the Fat Depots 2 Triglycerides 3 Fatty Acid Patterns of Glycerides of Adipose Tissue 3.1 White Adipose Tissue 3.2 Comparison Between Brown and White Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Patterns 4 Adipose Tissue Free Fatty Acids (FFA) 5 Phospholipids of Adipose Tissue 6 The Nonsaponifiable Fraction of Depot Fats
A magnetically driven oscillating probe microscope for operation in liquids (1996)

Oscillating probe atomic force microscopy in fluids is simplified when an oscillating force is applied directly to a magnetized cantilever using a solenoid. The response of the detector is simpler than that obtained with acoustic excitation. Reliable operation over a broad frequency range is achieved with excitation amplitudes of a few nm. This lower amplitude appears to facilitate imaging by means of small asperities on the tip. Images of a DNA plasmid bound weakly to mica in water have a full width of 5 nm when scanned with tips of a nominal macroscopic radius of curvature of 50 nm.
Prevention of Compartment Syndrome in Dorsal Root Ganglia Caused by Exposure to Nucleus Pulposus (2001)

Pentoxifylline, an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha drug, prevented the dorsal root ganglion compartment syndrome caused by topical application of nucleus pulposus. Anti-inflammatory cytokine therapy may become an effective treatment of sciatica due to disc herniation.
Human HTm4 is a hematopoietic cell cycle regulator (2002)

Proper control of cell cycle progression is critical for the constant self-renewal, differentiation, and homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Cells of all types share the common cell cycle regulators. The different expression patterns of common regulators, in a broad sense, define cell-type or lineage specificity. However, there remains the possibility of hematopoietic cell cycle regulators tailored to the demands of the hematopoietic system. Here we describe a novel protein, HTm4, which serves as a hematopoietic cell cycle regulator. Our data indicate that HTm4 is expressed in hematopoietic tissues and is tightly regulated during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. It binds to cyclin-dependent kinase–associated (CDK-associated) phosphatase-CDK2 (KAP-CDK2) complexes, and the three proteins demonstrate similar patterns of cellular expression in human lymphoid tissues. HTm4 stimulates the phosphatase activity of KAP, and its C-terminal region is required for binding to KAP-CDK2 complexes and the modulation of KAP activity. Overexpression of HTm4 can cause cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Thus, HTm4 is a novel hematopoietic modulator for the G1-S cell cycle transition.
Enhanced immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope elicited by a combined vaccine regimen consisting of priming with a vaccinia recombinant expressing HIV envelope and boosting with gp160 protein. (1993)

Transmission studies have suggested that an optimal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine should induce both neutralizing antibodies and cytolytic T cells to eliminate free virus and infected cells. A phase I trial in healthy HIV-1-seronegative persons was conducted with a combination HIV-1 vaccine regimen (strain IIIB) consisting of priming with a recombinant vaccinia (vac/env) virus expressing HIV-1 envelope and boosting with a gp160 glycoprotein derived from a recombinant baculovirus (rgp160). T-cell and antibody responses detected after immunization with either vac/env alone or rgp160 alone were generally of low magnitude and transient, and no subject developed neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, recipients of the combination regimen demonstrated in vitro T-cell proliferative responses to homologous HIV-1 antigens that were 3- to 10-fold higher than responses with either vaccine alone, and these responses were sustained for > 18 months in 75% of recipients. Moreover, both CD8+ and CD4+ cytolytic T cells were detected. Antibody responses (titer, 1:800 to 1:102,400) to homologous HIV envelope developed in all recipients of the combination regimen, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 7 of 13. Thus, immunization with a live virus vaccine followed by boosting with a soluble protein offers promise for inducing the broad immunity needed in an HIV vaccine.
Productive Infection of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Vector Development (1999)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus causing immune suppression and neurological disease in cats. Like primate lentiviruses, FIV utilizes the chemokine receptor CXCR4 for infection. In addition, FIV gene expression has been demonstrated in immortalized human cell lines. To investigate the extent and mechanism by which FIV infected primary and immortalized human cell lines, we compared the infectivity of two FIV strains, V1CSF and Petaluma, after cell-free infection. FIV genome was detected in infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and macrophages at 21 and 14 days postinfection, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis of FIV-infected human PBMC indicated that antibodies to FIV p24 recognized 12% of the cells. Antibodies binding the CCR3 chemokine receptor maximally inhibited infection of human PBMC by both FIV strains compared to antibodies to CXCR4 or CCR5. Reverse transcriptase levels increased in FIV-infected human PBMC, with detection of viral titers of 10(1.3) to 10(2.1) 50% tissue culture infective doses/10(6) cells depending on the FIV strain examined. Cell death in human PBMC infected with either FIV strain was significantly elevated relative to uninfected control cultures. These findings indicate that FIV can productively infect primary human cell lines and that viral strain specificity should be considered in the development of an FIV vector for gene therapy.
Combination of Oral Antidiabetic Agents with Basal Insulin Versus Premixed Insulin Alone in Randomized Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2007)

In elderly patients, addition of once-daily morning glargine+OAD is a simple regimen to initiate insulin therapy, restoring glycemic control more effectively and with less hypoglycemia than twice-daily 70/30 alone.
Taking geometry to its edge: Fast unbound rigid (and hinge‐bent) docking (2003)

Abstract We present a very efficient rigid “unbound” soft docking methodology, which is based on detection of geometric shape complementarity, allowing liberal steric clash at the interface. The method is based on local shape feature matching, avoiding the exhaustive search of the 6D transformation space. Our experiments at CAPRI rounds 1 and 2 show that although the method does not perform an exhaustive search of the 6D transformation space, the “correct” solution is never lost. However, such a solution might rank low for large proteins, because there are alternatives with significantly larger geometrically compatible interfaces. In many cases this problem can be resolved by successful a priori focusing on the vicinity of potential binding sites as well as the extension of the technique to flexible (hinge‐bent) docking. This is demonstrated in the experiments performed as a lesson from our CAPRI experience. Proteins 2003;52:107–112. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physics-Driven Interface Modeling for Drainage and Imbibition in Fractures (2009)

Summary The geometric distribution of immiscible fluid phases in fractures is not readily accessible experimentally, so aperture-scale simulations of drainage and imbibition in realistic fractures can provide valuable insight. We implement a level set method for computing the location within a fracture of the interface between two fluids controlled by capillary forces. The movement of the interface in response to changes in capillary pressure is approximated as quasistatic displacement. Fluid interfaces are thus constant mean curvature surfaces, satisfying the Young-Laplace equation. We apply a progressive quasistatic (PQS) algorithm to determine when spontaneous pore-level events occur during fluid displacement. The algorithm captures reversible and irreversible behavior. We illustrate the approach in two types of rough-walled fractures. One type is a 3D crack between irregular, impermeable surfaces; the other type is a gap between irregular 2D and 3D grain packs. We focus on the disconnected (defending) fluid volumes and (advancing) fluid main pathway as the geometric properties of the fracture are varied, notably aperture and the number of contact points between the upper and lower fracture surfaces. The curvature of the fluid/fluid interface in the plane of the fracture is often ignored by invasion percolation simulation techniques, yet it is known to influence strongly the fluid cluster properties. Our simulations establish the exact position and shape of the interface in realistic fracture geometries, from which fluid volumes, contact areas, and interface curvatures can be obtained. This establishes a new, mechanistic basis for predicting relative permeabilities in fractures and for evaluating transfer functions in dual-porosity flow models.
Type II photoluminescence and conduction band offsets of GaAsSb/InGaAs and GaAsSb/InP heterostructures grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1998)

The optical properties of lattice-matched GaAsSb/InGaAs/InP heterostructures with a varying InGaAs layer thickness (0–900 Å) were investigated. These structures display strong low temperature type II luminescence, the energy of which varies with the InGaAs layer thickness and ranges from 0.453 to 0.63 eV. The type II luminescence was used to determine directly and accurately the conduction band offset of these structures. The values obtained herein are 0.36 and 0.18 eV at 4.2 K for the GaAsSb/InGaAs and GaAsSb/InP heterojunctions, respectively, with the GaAsSb conduction band higher in energy.
Inhibitors of Ras–SOS Interactions (2015)

Activating Ras mutations are found in about 30 % of human cancers. Ras activation is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors, such as the son of sevenless (SOS), which form protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with Ras and catalyze the exchange of GDP by GTP. This is the rate-limiting step in Ras activation. However, Ras surfaces lack any evident suitable pockets where a molecule might bind tightly, rendering Ras proteins still 'undruggable' for over 30 years. Among the alternative approaches is the design of inhibitors that target the Ras-SOS PPI interface, a strategy that is gaining increasing recognition for treating Ras mutant cancers. Herein we focus on data that has accumulated over the past few years pertaining to the design of small-molecule modulators or peptide mimetics aimed at the interface of the Ras-SOS PPI. We emphasize, however, that even if such Ras-SOS therapeutics are potent, drug resistance may emerge. To counteract this development, we propose "pathway drug cocktails", that is, drug combinations aimed at parallel (or compensatory) pathways. A repertoire of classified cancer, cell/tissue, and pathway/protein combinations would be beneficial toward this goal.
Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose. (1980)

A simple and rapid method for transferring RNA from agarose gels to nitrocellulose paper for blot hybridization has been developed. Poly(A)+ and ribosomal RNAs transfer efficiently to nitrocellulose paper in high salt (3 M NaCl/0.3 M trisodium citrate) after denaturation with glyoxal and 50% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide. RNA also binds to nitrocellulose after treatment with methylmercuric hydroxide. The method is sensitive: about 50 pg of specific mRNA per band is readily detectable after hybridization with high specific activity probes (10(8) cpm/microgram). The RNA is stably bound to the nitrocellulose paper by this procedure, allowing removal of the hybridized probes and rehybridization of the RNA blots without loss of sensitivity. The use of nitrocellulose paper for the analysis of RNA by blot hybridization has several advantages over the use of activated paper (diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper). The method is simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and sensitive. In addition, denaturation of DNA with glyoxal and dimethyl sulfoxide promotes transfer and retention of small DNAs (100 nucleotides and larger) to nitrocellulose paper. A related method is also described for dotting RNA and DNA directly onto nitrocellulose paper treated with a high concentration of salt; under these conditions denatured DNA of less than 200 nucleotides is retained and hybridizes efficiently.
Characterization and overproduction of theEscherichia coliappAencoded bifunctional enzyme that exhibits both phytase and acid phosphatase activities (1999)

The appA gene that was previously shown to code for an acid phosphatase instead codes for a bifunctional enzyme exhibiting both acid phosphatase and phytase activities. The purified enzyme with a molecular mass of 44 708 Da was further separated by chromatofocusing into two isoforms of identical size with isoelectric points of 6.5 and 6.3. The isoforms had identical pH optima of 4.5 and were stable at pH values from 2 to 10. The temperature optimum for both phytase isoforms was 60°C. When heated at different pH values the enzyme showed the greatest thermal resistance at pH 3. The pH 6.5 isoform exhibited K m and V max values of 0.79 mM and 3165 U·mg -1 of protein for phytase activity and 5.5 mM and 712 U·mg -1 of protein for acid phosphatase, respectively. The pH 6.3 isoform exhibited slightly lower K m and V max values. The enzyme exhibited similar properties to the phytase purified by Greiner et al. (1993), except the specific activity of the enzyme was at least 3.5-fold less than that previously reported, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was different. The Bradford assay, which was used by Greiner et al. (1993) for determination of enzyme concentration was, in our hands, underestimating protein concentration by a factor of 14. Phytase production using the T7 polymerase expression system was enhanced by selection of a mutant able to grow in a chemically defined medium with lactose as the carbon source and inducer. Using this strain in fed-batch fermentation, phytase production was increased to over 600 U·mL -1 . The properties of the phytase including the low pH optimum, protease resistance, and high activity, demonstrates that the enzyme is a good candidate for industrial production as a feed enzyme.
Extracellular Lipase Production by Fungi from Sunflower Seed (1987)

Two hundred and twenty-three lyophilized isolates of fungi representing 91 species from sunflower seed were revived and grown in lipase medium with and without emulsified sunflower oil. Lipase production and activity in culture filtrates was assayed by tributyrin agar diffusion and by a sunflower oil-gas chromatographic technique. One hundred and thirty-two isolates produced extracellular lipase in liquid media. Intrageneric and intraspecific variability in lipase production occurred among the isolates. This variability makes the evaluation of several isolates per taxon an important consideration in the evaluation of lipolytic capability of a genus or species. Sunflower oil in the medium either inhibited, stimulated or had no effect on lipase production, depending on the isolate. Culture filtrates of both field and storage fungi produced extracellular lipases which were active against sunflower oil, but generally more activity was observed in storage fungus filtrates than in field fungus filtrates.
Targeting and Uptake of Multilayered Particles to Colorectal Cancer Cells (2006)

Core/shell particles and capsules formed by a layer-by-layer technique are biofunctionalized with a humanized A33 monoclonal antibody (huA33 mAb) that binds to the A33 antigen present on colorectal cancer cells (see figure). Targeting to a colorectal cancer cell line shows selective binding and internalization of particles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0564_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (FIRDA) in the Neurological Intensive Care: Prevalence, Determinants, and Clinical Significance (2017)

FIRDA is more commonly encountered in the neurocritical care setting as compared with outpatient EEG clinics. Our findings in stroke patients indicate that involved vascular territories may be related to the generation of FIRDA.
Efficacy of Extrinsic Stain Removal by Novel Dentifrice Containing Papain and Bromelain Extracts (2012)

To evaluate the stain removal efficacy of a novel dentifrice containing papain and bromelain extracts (Glodent) in comparison with a control dentifrice (Colgate regular). This was a randomized, positive-controlled, double-blinded, clinical study. Subjects were randomly divided into one of the two study groups. Pre-treatment and post treatment photographs of the 4 anterior teeth were recorded under standardized conditions and analyzed for lightness or luminosity values using Adobe Photoshop. The difference between the mean pre-treatment luminosity of test and control groups was not statistically significant. In both test and control groups, the post-treatment luminosity was significantly higher than pre- treatment luminosity (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003 respectively). The mean post-treatment luminosity for test group was found to be significantly higher than control group. The mean percentage removal of stains for test group was significantly higher than control group. The test dentifrice showed significant stain removal when compared to control which could be attributed to the role of proteolytic enzymes in the test dentifrice.
Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1994)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-, Gag-, Pol-, Nef-, and Tat-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activities were quantitated temporally in five patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. A dominant CD8(+)-mediated, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL response to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, was noted in four of the five patients studied. The level of HIV-1-specific CTL activity in the five patients paralleled the efficiency of control of primary viremia. Patients who mounted strong gp160-specific CTL responses showed rapid reduction of acute plasma viremia and antigenemia, while in contrast, primary viremia and antigenemia were poorly controlled in patients in whom virus-specific CTL activity was low or undetectable. These results suggest that HIV-1-specific CTL activity is a major component of the host immune response associated with the control of virus replication following primary HIV-1 infection and have important implications for the design of antiviral vaccines.
IL-2 Regulates SEB Induced Toxic Shock Syndrome in BALB/c Mice (2009)

This study shows the importance of IL -2 in TSS which has not been previously explored and it also shows that regulating macrophages function can regulate T cells and TSS.