gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transsynaptic Regulation of Galanin, Neurotensin, and Substance P in the Adrenal Medulla: Combinatorial Control by Second‐Messenger Signaling Pathways (1992)

The adrenomedullary content of neurotensin and substance P was examined 1, 6, and 12 days after hypoglycemic shock. The neurotensin content was increased 60-fold within 24 h and remained elevated for up to 12 days, whereas the substance P content was increased approximately sevenfold within 24 h of insulin treatment and returned to control levels by 12 days poststimulation. Because protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and calcium influx in the rat adrenal medulla are all stimulated following splanchnic nerve stimulation, the differential regulation of neurotensin and substance P biosynthesis following stimulation of these three pathways was examined in bovine chromaffin cells in vitro. Neurotensin levels were up-regulated by elevated potassium, forskolin, and phorbol ester in bovine chromaffin cells. Substance P levels were up-regulated by elevated potassium and forskolin but not by phorbol ester treatment. When chromaffin cells were treated with phorbol ester in combination with forskolin, neurotensin levels were increased in a synergistic fashion, whereas phorbol ester antagonized the forskolin-induced elevation of substance P levels. Earlier, it was reported that galanin biosynthesis, like neurotensin biosynthesis, is upregulated by depolarization, phorbol ester stimulation, and forskolin treatment in chromaffin cells in vitro. Here we report that galanin is also, like neurotensin, increased greater than 60-fold after stimulation of the rat adrenal medulla in vivo. Neuropeptide-specific combinatorial effects of stimulating the calcium, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C signaling pathways may underlie the quantitative differences between galanin and neurotensin compared with substance P up-regulation in rat adrenal medulla after splanchnic nerve stimulation in vivo.
Spectrum-efficient and agile CO-OFDM optical transport networks: architecture, design, and operation (2012)

Traditional ITU-T fixed frequency grid-based optical transport networks suffer several drawbacks such as low fiber spectral efficiency, difficulty in supporting large-bandwidth super-channels, and inflexibility in network bandwidth reconfiguration and modification. To overcome these drawbacks, a new-generation optical transport network based on the concepts of agile spectrum operation and elastic bandwidth allocation has been recently proposed and is receiving increasing attention. This new-generation network is called coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) optical transport network. It employs the promising CO-OFDM transmission technique and the new-generation bandwidth-variable ROADMs that use the coherent detection capability of the CO-OFDM transmission for optical channel filtering. The CO-OFDM optical transport network is characterized by arbitrarily assigning center frequency and bandwidth of an optical channel, thereby providing flexibility in network design and operation and achieving efficient fiber spectrum utilization. Despite the increasing attention and considerable progress, there are still many outstanding issues regarding the implementation of CO-OFDM optical transport networks. This article reviews the literature on the architectures of the CO-OFDM optical transport network and discusses key issues, particularly involving network control plane, lightpath routing and spectrum assignment, impact of channel modulation format and optical reach, subwavelength traffic grooming, network survivability, and network reconfiguration.
Febrile temperature but not proinflammatory cytokines promotes phosphatidylserine expression on Plasmodium falciparum malaria‐infected red blood cells during parasite maturation (2010)

Intraerythrocytic maturation of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is associated with profound changes in the asymmetry of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer of the parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs). These changes may contribute to adherence of pRBCs to endothelial cells. This study investigates the effect of febrile temperature and proinflammatory cytokines on phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the exofacial surface of pRBCs during parasite maturation. The expression of PS on the pRBCs was determined by flow cytometry using fluorescein-labeled annexin V, which specifically binds to PS and a vital nucleic acid fluorochrome for parasite staining. The results showed that PS expression on the surface of pRBCs increased in association with parasite maturation, especially at the late parasite stage. Furthermore, the growth of P. falciparum also accelerated senescence of the uninfected RBCs in parasite cultures. Exposure to febrile temperature led to significant increases in the expression of PS on the surface of pRBCs, particularly at the late parasite stage associated with the virulence strain of the parasite. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines had no detectable effect on PS expression on pRBCs. These data suggest that PS molecule expression is more dependent on fever, parasitemia, parasite strain, and virulence than on cytokine exposure. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that are involved in malaria pathogenesis.
Irritable bowel syndrome: a model of the brain-gut interactions. (2004)

Brain-gut interactions are increasingly recognized as underlying pathomechanisms of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Bi-directional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) occurs both in health and disease. Various CNS- and gut-directed stressors stimulate the brain-gut axis. Processes modulating responsiveness to stressors along the brain-gut axis involve neural pathways, the immunological, and endocrinological mechanisms. Disturbances at every level of neural control of the gastrointestinal tract can affect modulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, immune functions as well as perception and emotional response to visceral events. ENS function, central processing, and autonomic regulation play an important role in the brain-gut dialogue. Stress and emotions may trigger neuroimmune and neuroendocrine reactions via the brain-gut axis. Various non-site specific neurotransmitters influence gastrointestinal, endocrine and immune function, as well as human behavior and emotional state, depending on their location. The physiology of the digestive tract, the subjective experience of symptom, health behavior, and treatment outcome are strongly affected by psychosocial factors. Recently, a biopsychosocial model of IBS containing physiological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components has been proposed. Rapid progress in neurogastroenterology, using new brain imaging techniques, should bring better understanding of the brain-gut axis and open new therapeutic perspectives.
Increased Survival of Patients Treated With a Vaccinia Melanoma Oncolysate Vaccine (1997)

Although VMO vaccine therapy in surgical adjuvant setting did not produce a significant survival benefit to all patients with melanoma, patients from the above two subsets had significant survival benefit.
Molecular characterization of aflR, a regulatory locus for aflatoxin biosynthesis (1994)

Aflatoxins belong to a family of decaketides that are produced as secondary metabolites by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway involves several enzymatic steps that appear to be regulated by the afl2 gene in A. flavus and the apa2 gene in A. parasiticus. Several lines of evidence indicate that these two genes are homologous. The DNA sequences of the two genes are highly similar, they both are involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, and apa2 can complement the afl2 mutation in A. flavus. Because of these similarities, we propose that these two genes are homologs, and because of the ability of these genes to regulate aflatoxin biosynthesis, we suggest that they be designated aflR. We report here the further characterization of aflR from A. flavus and show that aflR codes for a 2,078-bp transcript with an open reading frame of 1,311 nucleotides that codes for 437 amino acids and a putative protein of 46,679 daltons. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated that the polypeptide contains a zinc cluster motif between amino acid positions 29 and 56. This region contains the consensus sequence Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6+ ++-Cys. This motif has been found in several fungal transcriptional regulatory proteins. DNA hybridization of the aflR gene with genomic digests of seven polyketide-producing fungi revealed similar sequences in three other species related to A. flavus: A. parasiticus, A. oryzae, and A. sojae. Finally, we present evidence for an antisense transcript (aflRas) derived from the opposite strand of aflR, suggesting that the aflR locus involves some form of antisense regulation.
Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin (2011)

Seasonal antigenic drift of circulating influenza virus leads to a requirement for frequent changes in vaccine composition, because exposure or vaccination elicits human antibodies with limited cross-neutralization of drifted strains. We describe a human monoclonal antibody, CH65, obtained by isolating rearranged heavy- and light-chain genes from sorted single plasma cells, coming from a subject immunized with the 2007 trivalent influenza vaccine. The crystal structure of a complex of the hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 strain A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 with the Fab of CH65 shows that the tip of the CH65 heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) inserts into the receptor binding pocket on HA1, mimicking in many respects the interaction of the physiological receptor, sialic acid. CH65 neutralizes infectivity of 30 out of 36 H1N1 strains tested. The resistant strains have a single-residue insertion near the rim of the sialic-acid pocket. We conclude that broad neutralization of influenza virus can be achieved by antibodies with contacts that mimic those of the receptor.
Circulating endothelial cells (2005)

Summary Recent research has recognised new populations of non-hematopoïetic cells in the blood. One of these, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), often defined by the expression of membrane glycoprotein CD146, are rarely found in the blood in health, but raised numbers are present in a wide variety of human conditions, including inflammatory, immune, infectious, neoplastic and cardiovascular disease, and seem likely to be evidence of profound vascular insult. An additional population are endothelial progenitor cells, defined by the co-expression of endothelial and immaturity cell surface molecules and also by the ability to form colonies in vitro. Although increased numbers of CECs correlate with other markers of vascular disease, questions remain regarding the precise definition, cell biology and origin of CECs. For example, they may be damaged, necrotic or apopototic, or alive, and could possess procoagulant and/or proinflammatory properties. However, since these cells seem to be representative of in situ endothelium, their phenotype may provide useful information. Indeed, whatever their phenotype, there is growing evidence that CECs may well be a novel biomarker, the measurement of which will have utility in various clinical settings related to vascular injury. Despite this promise, progress is impeded by the diversity of methodologies used to detect these cells. Accordingly, results are sometimes inconclusive and even conflicting. Nevertheless, increased CECs predict adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndromes, suggesting they may move from being simply a research index to having a role in the clinic. The objective of the present communication is to condense existing data on CECs, briefly compare them with progenitor cells, and summarise possible mechanism(s) by which they may contribute to vascular pathology.
Physical properties and biodegradability of maleated-polycaprolactone/starch composite (2003)

The properties of blends of polycaprolactone and starch (PCL/starch) and maleic anhydride (MAH)-grafted-polycaprolactone and starch (PCL-g-MAH/starch) were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. Mechanical and thermal properties of PCL became noticeably worse when it was blended with starch, due to the poor compatibility between the two phases. The greater compatibility of PCL-g-MAH with starch, owing to the formation of an ester carbonyl group, led to a much better dispersion and homogeneity of starch in the PCL-g-MAH matrix and consequently to noticeably better properties. Furthermore, with a lower melt temperature, the PCL-g-MAH/starch blend is more easily processed than PCL/starch. Both blends were buried in soil to assess biodegradability. Water resistance of PCL-g-MAH/starch was higher than that of PCL/starch, although weight loss of blends buried in soil indicated that both were biodegradable, even at high levels of starch substitution. In soil, the mechanical properties of both blends, such as tensile strength and elongation at break, also deteriorated.
Attention-based LSTM for Aspect-level Sentiment Classification (2016)

Aspect-level sentiment classification is a finegrained task in sentiment analysis. Since it provides more complete and in-depth results, aspect-level sentiment analysis has received much attention these years. In this paper, we reveal that the sentiment polarity of a sentence is not only determined by the content but is also highly related to the concerned aspect. For instance, "The appetizers are ok, but the service is slow.", for aspect taste, the polarity is positive while for service, the polarity is negative. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore the connection between an aspect and the content of a sentence. To this end, we propose an Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory Network for aspect-level sentiment classification. The attention mechanism can concentrate on different parts of a sentence when different aspects are taken as input. We experiment on the SemEval 2014 dataset and results show that our model achieves state-ofthe-art performance on aspect-level sentiment classification.
Built-in self-testing of random-access memories (1990)

Built-in self-test (BIST) methods are examined, including the fault models and the test algorithms on which the BIST implementations are based. The notion of generic test architectures suitable for implementing a wide variety of test algorithms is introduced. A taxonomy for test architectures is provided and used to categorize BIST implementations, and important implementations are surveyed. It is demonstrated that BIST is a viable solution to the problem of testing large memories and that approaches based on test architectures rather than on test algorithms are more versatile and will likely predominate in the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Clinical tolerance trial on recombinant human endostatin adenovirus]. (2007)

Ad-Es is well tolerated up to 1x10(12) VP. The recommended dose for phase II trial is 1x10(12) VP intratumor injection for 4 consecutive weeks.
Spacetime stereo: a unifying framework for depth from triangulation (2003)

Depth from triangulation has traditionally been treated in a number of separate threads in the computer vision literature, with methods like stereo, laser scanning, and coded structured light considered separately. In this paper, we propose a common framework, spacetime stereo, which unifies many of these previous methods. Viewing specific techniques as special cases of this general framework leads to insights regarding the solutions to many of the traditional problems of individual techniques. Specifically, we discuss a number of innovative possible applications such as improved recovery of static scenes under variable illumination, spacetime stereo for moving objects, structured light and laser scanning with multiple simultaneous stripes or patterns, and laser scanning of shiny objects. To suggest the practical utility of the framework, we use it to analyze one of these applications: recovery of static scenes under variable, but uncontrolled, illumination. Based on our analysis, we show that methods derived from the spacetime stereo framework can be used to recover depth in situations in which existing methods perform poorly.
The O-GlcNAc transferase gene resides on the X chromosome and is essential for embryonic stem cell viability and mouse ontogeny (2000)

Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein glycosylation is a widespread and reversible posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. Intracellular glycosylation by the addition of N- acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to serine and threonine is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). This “O-GlcNAcylation” of intracellular proteins can occur on phosphorylation sites, and has been implicated in controlling gene transcription, neurofilament assembly, and the emergence of diabetes and neurologic disease. To study OGT function in vivo , we have used gene-targeting approaches in male embryonic stem cells. We find that OGT mutagenesis requires a strategy that retains an intact OGT gene as accomplished by using Cre-loxP recombination, because a deletion in the OGT gene results in loss of embryonic stem cell viability. A single copy of the OGT gene is present in the male genome and resides on the X chromosome near the centromere in region D in the mouse spanning markers DxMit41 and DxMit95 , and in humans at Xq13, a region associated with neurologic disease. OGT RNA expression in mice is comparably high among most cell types, with lower levels in the pancreas. Segregation of OGT alleles in the mouse germ line with ZP3-Cre recombination in oocytes reveals that intact OGT alleles are required for completion of embryogenesis. These studies illustrate the necessity of conditional gene-targeting approaches in the mutagenesis and study of essential sex-linked genes, and indicate that OGT participation in intracellular glycosylation is essential for embryonic stem cell viability and for mouse ontogeny.
SYNTHESIS OF THE s-TRIPHENYLCYCLOPROPENYL CATION (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF THE s-TRIPHENYLCYCLOPROPENYL CATIONRonald BreslowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5318Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1201Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tyrosine Bioconjugation through Aqueous Ene-Type Reactions: A Click-Like Reaction for Tyrosine (2010)

A new and versatile class of cyclic diazodicarboxamides that reacts efficiently and selectively with phenols and the phenolic side chain of tyrosine through an ene-like reaction is reported. This mild aqueous tyrosine ligation reaction works over a broad pH range and expands the repertoire of aqueous chemistries available for small molecule, peptide, and protein modification. The tyrosine ligation reactions are shown to be compatible with the labeling of native enzymes and antibodies in a buffered aqueous solution. This reaction provides a novel synthetic approach to bispecific antibodies. We believe this reaction will find broad utility in peptide and protein chemistry and in the chemistry of phenol-containing compounds.
Hepoxilin A3 formation in the rat pineal gland selectively utilizes (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETE), but not (12R)-HPETE. (1994)

Hepoxilins A3 and B3 have previously been shown to be formed from 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) through a heat-insensitive ferriheme catalysis as indicated by experiments with hemin or hemoglobin, typical of nonenzymatic rearrangement (Pace-Asciak, C. R. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 793, 485-488; Pace-Asciak, C. R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8332-8337). In this paper, we demonstrate through use of a mixture of (12S)- and (12R)-HPETE that an enzyme system exists in the rat pineal gland that selectively utilizes (12S)-HPETE for the transformation into hepoxilin A3, while the hemin-catalyzed transformation is not selective, with both (12S)- and (12R)-HPETE being utilized. A new procedure was established to rapidly extract (in the absence of acid) and directly derivatize from the incubation mixture the products of incubation using 9-anthryldiazomethane reagent to form the 9-anthryldiazomethane derivatives of the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), hepoxilins and trioxilins, which could be detected by high performance liquid chromatography using a flow-through fluorescence detector. The following observations were made: 1) the pineal experiments showed a high preference for the formation of hepoxilin A3 with minor amounts of hepoxilin B3, while experiments with heme catalysis showed formation of both hepoxilins B3 and A3; 2) chiral phase analysis of the HETEs recovered from the incubation mixture showed the predominance of (12R)-HETE from the pineal experiments, indicating that (12S)-HPETE was selectively used up, whereas both (12S)- and (12R)-HPETE were utilized in the hemin experiments; 3) chiral phase analysis of hepoxilin A3 indicated the presence in the pineal experiments of only hepoxilin with the 11S,12S-configuration formed from (12S)-HPETE, while the hemin experiments contained both the native 11S,12S-configuration as well as the unnative or "bis-epi"-11R,12R-configuration in the epoxide group of hepoxilin A3; 4) reverse phase analysis of the epoxide hydrolase product of hepoxilin A3, i.e. trioxilin A3, showed that the pineal experiments contained only the products of enzymatic hydrolysis derived from the native hepoxilin A3, whose formation was inhibited by the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, trichloropropene oxide. The pineal system is heat-sensitive, with formation of hepoxilins being abolished by tissue boiling, while the hemin system is insensitive to boiling. These experiments demonstrate that hepoxilin A3 formation in the pineal gland utilizes (12S)-HPETE exclusively, being transformed by a "hepoxilin synthase" primarily into hepoxilin A3.