gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chemokine SDF-1 Is a Chemoattractant for Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells and Provides a New Mechanism to Explain the Mobilization of CD34+ Progenitors to Peripheral Blood (1997)

Hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate in vitro and in vivo towards a gradient of the chemotactic factor stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) produced by stromal cells. This is the first chemoattractant reported for human CD34+ progenitor cells. Concentrations of SDF-1 that elicit chemotaxis also induce a transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium in CD34+ cells. SDF-1-induced chemotaxis is inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting that its signaling in CD34+ cells is mediated by seven transmembrane receptors coupled to Gi proteins. CD34+ cells migrating to SDF-1 include cells with a more primitive (CD34+/CD38- or CD34+/DR-) phenotype as well as CD34+ cells phenotypically committed to the erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages, including functional BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-MIX progenitors. Chemotaxis of CD34+ cells in response to SDF-1 is increased by IL-3 in vitro and is lower in CD34+ progenitors from peripheral blood than in CD34+ progenitors from bone marrow, suggesting that an altered response to SDF-1 may be associated with CD34 progenitor mobilization.
Controlling the Morphology of Amorphous Solid Water (1999)

The morphology of amorphous solid water grown by vapor deposition was found to depend strongly on the angular distribution of the water molecules incident from the gas phase. Systematic variation of the incident angle during deposition using a collimated beam of water led to the growth of nonporous to highly porous amorphous solid water. The physical and chemical properties of amorphous solid water are of interest because of its presence in astrophysical environments. The ability to control its properties in the laboratory may shed light on some of the outstanding conflicts related to this important material.
MHC Class II Epitope Nesting Modulates Dendritic Cell Function and Improves Generation of Antigen-Specific CD4 Helper T Cells (2011)

CD4 Th cells are critical to the development of coordinated immune responses to infections and tumors. Th cells are activated through interactions of the TCR with MHC class II complexed with peptide. T cell activation is dependent on the density of MHC peptide complexes as well as the duration of interaction of the TCR with APCs. In this study, we sought to determine whether MHC class II peptides could be modified with amino acid sequences that facilitated uptake and presentation with the goal of improving Th cell activation in vitro and in vivo. A model epitope derived from the murine folate receptor α, a self- and tumor Ag, was modified at its carboxyl terminus with the invariant chain-derived Ii-Key peptide and at its N terminus with a peptide that enhances uptake of Ag by APC. Modification of a peptide resulted in enhanced generation of high-avidity murine folate receptor α T cells that persisted in vivo and homed to sites of Ag deposition. The nesting approach was epitope and species independent and specifically excluded expansion of CD4 regulatory T cells. The resulting Th cells were therapeutic, enhanced in vivo helper activity and had an increased ability to resist tolerizing immune microenvironments. In addition to improved immunoadjuvants, this epitope modification strategy may be useful for enhancing ex vivo and in vivo generation of Th cells for preventing and treating diseases.
Purification of human megakaryocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (1987)

For direct studies of growth control, a method was developed to purify viable human megakaryocytes to homogeneity from routine normal bone marrow aspirates. An initial separation of marrow over a 1.050 g/mL Percoll density cut was used to enrich megakaryocytes. After washing, the cells were specifically labeled with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody or F(ab')2 fragment to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. Megakaryocytes were selectively sorted by using Becton Dickinson FACStar flow cytometer on the basis of a fluorescence intensity greater than 50-fold that of control cells. To increase resolution and purity the sorting rate was adjusted to one cell in 13 formed drops, and negative events that coincided with positive ones were aborted. Two thirds of the isolated cells were large, morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes with a forward light scatter fourfold that of the main cell population. Microscopic examination showed these cells to be greater than or equal to 98% megakaryocytes with a diameter of 20 to 46 microns and a ploidy range of 2N to 64N with a mode of 16N. The small highly fluorescent cells were 10 to 21 microns in diameter, and their ploidy range from 2N to 32N with main ploidy classes of 2N and 4N. The majority of these small cells also positively reacted with monoclonal antibody to platelet GPIb. The isolated cells were cultured in either Iscove's or leucine, lysine-deficient RPMI 1640 medium with 10% human plasma. The cells were maintained in culture more than three days and were capable of synthesis of both DNA and protein as assessed by radiolabeled thymidine and amino acid incorporation. Moreover, the isolated megakaryocytes were capable of responding to recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor. The data show that human megakaryocytes can be purified from routine marrow aspirates on the basis of a lineage marker and that they are capable of growth in vitro.
Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones (1992)

A series of tripeptides possessing trifluoromethyl or aryl ketone residues at P1 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as potential inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Tripeptides containing non naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position have been demonstrated to be potent in vitro inhibitors of HLE, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Sterically demanding substituents on the P2-nitrogen have no detrimental effect on in vitro potency. The inhibition process presumably acts via hemiketal formation with the active site Ser195 of HLE, and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl functionality. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. Valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position, whereas the corresponding glycine, alanine, alpha,alpha-dimethylglycine, or phenylalanine analogues are all inactive. The compounds described herein all confer a high degree of in vitro specificity when tested against representative cysteine, aspartyl, metallo, and other serine proteases. One of the most potent in vitro inhibitors is (3RS)-N-[4-[[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl] oxomethyl]-L-valyl-N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)glycine N-[3-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methyl-2-oxopentyl)]amide (20i; BI-RA-260) (IC50 = 0.084 microM). Compound 20i was also tested in hamsters in an elastase-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EPH) model. In this model, intratracheal (it.) administration of 20i, 5 min prior to HLE challenge, effectively inhibited hemorrhage in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 4.8 micrograms. The inhibitor 20i, 20 micrograms administered it. 24, 48, and 72 h prior to HLE challenge, exhibits significant inhibition against hemorrhage at all time points (97%, 64% and 49%, respectively). In a 21-day chronic model of emphysema in hamsters, 200 micrograms of HLE administered it. caused an elastase-induced emphysema in the lungs which can be quantitated histologically utilizing image analysis. In this assay, 20i significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 micrograms it. 5 min prior to challenge with HLE.
Brief Report: Potent clinical and radiological response to larotrectinib in TRK fusion-driven high-grade glioma (2018)

Genes encoding TRK are oncogenic drivers in multiple tumour types including infantile fibrosarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer and high-grade gliomas (HGG). TRK fusions have a critical role in tumourigenesis in 40% of infant HGG. Here we report the first case of a TRK fusion-driven HGG treated with larotrectinib-the first selective pan-TRK inhibitor in clinical development. This 3-year-old girl had failed multiple therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumour profiling confirmed an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Treatment with larotrectinib led to rapid clinical improvement with near total resolution of primary and metastatic lesions on MRI imaging. This is the first report of a TRK fusion glioma successfully treated with a TRK inhibitor.
Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefins into Liquid Fuels over MCM-41:  Comparison with ZSM-5 and Amorphous SiO2−Al2O3 (1997)

The catalytic degradation of both low- and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) has been investigated using MCM-41, a mesoporous aluminosilicate recently discovered, as catalyst. The results obtained have been compared to those of ZSM-5 zeolite and amorphous silica−alumina. For all the studied plastics, MCM-41 has been found more active than the amorphous SiO2−Al2O3, as a consequence of the higher surface area and the uniform mesoporosity present in the former. Compared to ZSM-5, MCM-41 exhibits a lower activity for the degradation of linear and low branched polymers (HDPE and LDPE, respectively), which can be related to the higher strength of the zeolite acid sites. However, the opposite is observed for the cracking of highly substituted plastics such as PP due to the severe steric hindrances these molecules encounter to enter into the narrow pores of the zeolite, as confirmed by molecular simulation measurements. Moreover, for the cracking of LDPE, HDPE, and PP, the selectivities toward hydrocarbons in the range of gasolines and middle distillates obtained over MCM-41 are clearly higher than those of ZSM-5. Therefore, MCM-41 is a catalyst potentially interesting for the conversion of polyolefinic plastic wastes into liquid fuels.
An overview of the new routing algorithm for the ARPANET (1995)

The original routing algorithm of the ARPANET, in service for over a decade, has recently been removed from the ARPANET and replaced with a new and different algorithm. Although the new algorithm, like the old, is a distributed, adaptive routing algorithm, it is not similar to the old in any other important respect. In the new algorithm, each node maintains a data base describing the delay on each network line. A shortest-path computation is run in each node which explicitly computes the minimum-delay paths (based on the delay entries in the data base) from that node to all other nodes in the network. The average delay on each network line is measured periodically by the nodes attached to the lines. These measured delays are broadcast to all network nodes, so that all nodes use the same data base for performing their shortest-path computations. The new routing algorithm was extensively tested on the ARPANET before being released. This paper describes the algorithm and summarizes the results of these tests.
A Theory of the Complex Dielectric Permittivity of Soil Containing Water: The Semidisperse Model (1977)

A model of soil composed of a multiphase mixture of solid particles, water, and air voids is proposed from which the complex permittivity, or dielectric constant and conductivity, is calculated. It is based on the Hanai/Bruggelman/Wagner theory of mixtures and considers the ionic conducting water as partly dispersed and partly the dispersing medium, an important distinction with this theory. The permittivity as a function of frequency and water content is predicted. The increase in dielectric constant with water volume fraction does not differ greatly with soil type in the high-frequency limit and is approximated by a normal curve specified by the theory. A normal curve and the marked increase in dielectric constant at lower frequencies has been observed experimentally. It is concluded that this semidisperse theory of the dielectric permittivity is successful in describing the behavior of soils containing moisture in the high-frequency range (1 MHz-1 GHz). Approximations to the more detailed theory and a series-parallel RC equivalent circuit are given.
Periodic DNA Nanotemplates Synthesized by Rolling Circle Amplification (2005)

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an elegant biochemical method by which long single-stranded DNA molecules with a repeating sequence motif can be readily synthesized. In RCA, small circular single-stranded oligonucleotides serve as templates for the polymerization of the complementary strand. A DNA polymerase with an efficient strand displacement activity can copy the circular template without stopping. This results in a long DNA strand with periodic sequence. We here demonstrate that this method, using DNA recognition and biotin-streptavidin binding, provides a simple procedure for DNA-directed nanoscale organization of matter. As an example, a 74 nucleotide (nt) long circular DNA molecule is amplified into a sequence-periodic single strand with a length up to several micrometers. Hybridization of this long periodic DNA template to the biotinylated complement of the sequence motif results in a long DNA duplex with a periodic arrangement of biotin binding sites. On this duplex, streptavidin-coated particles can be organized into one-dimensional arrays. The resulting DNA constructs are characterized by gel electrophoresis and atomic force microscopy.
G-Protein Coupled Receptor Antagonists-1: Protease Activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Antagonists as Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutic Agents (Hot Topic: Structure and property Approaches in Recent Drug Discovery Guest Editor: Guo Zhu Zheng) (2003)

Inhibition of thrombin receptor (PAR-1) is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders such as unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and restenosis. Since a PAR-1 antagonist is specific for the cellulalr actions of thrombin, and does not interfere with fibrin generation, it is expected to have less bleeding liability than the currently available treatments. Several peptide and non-peptide PAR-1 antagonists with potent inhibition of platelet aggregation have been reported. Antithrombotic effect of a PAR-1 antibody has been demonstrated in a baboon thrombosis model and the antirestenosis property of a PAR-1 antagonist has been demonstrated in a rat model.
Improved caching for HTTP-based Video on Demand using Scalable Video Coding (2011)

HTTP-based delivery for Video on Demand (VoD) has been gaining popularity within recent years. Progressive Download over HTTP, typically used in VoD, takes advantage of the widely deployed network caches to release video servers from sending the same content to a high number of users in the same VoD service. However, due to the inherent heterogeneity of user demands, which may result in requesting the same video content in different resolutions or qualities, the caching efficiency is expected to decrease due to a higher variety in requested media files. The use of Scalable Video Coding allows different representations of the same content to be combined in a single file, whose parts, aka layers, are requested sequentially by a user up to the maximum desired quality. In this paper we show the benefits of using Scalable Video Coding to maintain the same set of possible video content representations, while at the same time maximizing the caching efficiency.
Metalation Studies in the Thiophene Series. I. Preparation of 2-Thienylsodium and the 5-Halo-2-thienylsodiums (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalation Studies in the Thiophene Series. I. Preparation of 2-Thienylsodium and the 5-Halo-2-thienylsodiumsJohn W. Schick and Howard D. HartoughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1, 286–288Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01181a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01181a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of a 59-kilodalton immunophilin with the glucocorticoid receptor complex (1992)

Immunophilins, a family of proteins that exhibit rotamase (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase) activity in vitro, are expressed in many organisms and most tissues. Although some immunophilins can mediate the immunosuppressive actions of FK506, rapamycin, and cyclosporin A, the physiological role of the unligated proteins is not known. A 59-kilodalton member of the FK506- and rapamycin-binding class was found to associate in the absence of these drugs with two heat shock proteins (hsp90 and hsp70) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Together, these proteins make up the inactive GR, thus biochemically linking two families of proteins proposed to be involved in protein folding and assembly as well as two potent immunosuppressive modalities.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibits Malignant Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Cells by Blocking Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway (2005)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a serine protease with tumor suppressor function. It regulates the activities of mitogenic peptides implied in cancer development. Progression of benign prostate cancer to malignant metastasis is linked to increased production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a powerful mitogen. In this study, using in vitro model system we show that DPPIV loss is associated with increased bFGF production in metastatic prostate cancer cells. DPPIV reexpression in prostate cancer cells blocks nuclear localization of bFGF, reduces bFGF levels, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation, and decreases levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, known downstream effectors of bFGF signaling pathway. These molecular changes were accompanied by induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of in vitro cell migration, and invasion. Silencing of DPPIV by small interfering RNA resulted in increased bFGF levels and restoration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation. These results indicate that DPPIV inhibits the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells by blocking bFGF signaling pathway.
Planar circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a single feed (1999)

A novel circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is introduced. The antenna is fed with a single coaxial probe and the structure is planar. The CP bandwidth is much larger than available single-probe microstrip antennas and the CP radiation quality is excellent over the entire upper hemisphere.
A phase II study of single agent depsipeptide (DEP) in patients (pts) with radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory, metastatic, thyroid carcinoma: Preliminary toxicity and efficacy experience (2006)

5554 Background: RAI-refractory thyroid cancer carries a poor prognosis, and no effective systemic therapy exists. DEP is a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor with broad in vitro and phase I anti-tumor activity, and has restored sodium-iodide symporter expression and RAI avidity in thyroid cancer cell lines. Methods: Eligible pts have confirmed papillary, follicular, or Hürthle cell carcinoma, progressive measurable disease, and adequate hepatic/renal function. All pts are RAI-refractory by diagnostic RAI whole body scan (WBS). Prior chemotherapy in the recurrent/metastatic setting, and history of significant cardiac disease are exclusions. DEP 13 mg/m 2 IV is given on day 1, 8, and 15, every 28 days. A novel Simon 2-stage design specifies an initial accrual of 21 pts, with expansion to 41 total pts if 2 RECIST responses or 6 pts with PFS at 6 months are observed. Primary outcome is RECIST response rate. Change in RAI avidity (by diagnostic RAI WBS) is a secondary outcome. Results: To date, 14 pts have been enrolled: female 50%, median age 62 (42–78), median Karnofsky 90 (70–100), papillary/follicular/Hürthle histology (7/1/6). Grade 3–5 toxicities possibly related to drug: grade 5 sudden death (1); no grade 4 toxicity; grade 3 toxicity - fatigue (1), dysphagia (1), dyspnea (1). No grade 3 thrombocytopenia (phase I DLT) has been observed. Grade 1 (6) and grade 2 (4) fatigue have been common. As a result of the grade 5 event, protocol accrual and treatment were suspended temporarily. After NCI-CTEP review, more restrictive cardiac exclusions were added and protocol accrual was resumed. Response at 2 months: stable disease (4); progression (2); inevaluable (6, due to protocol suspension); withdrew consent (1); too early (1). In a proof-of-principle event, clinically significant restoration of RAI avidity was observed in a 78 year-old woman with papillary carcinoma. Per protocol, she was taken off study and given treatment-dose RAI; post-therapy WBS confirmed dramatic RAI avidity. Conclusions: Preliminary signs of in vivo reversal of RAI resistance have been observed. Accrual continues with more restrictive cardiac exclusions, and close surveillance for cardiac events. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray: review of comparator studies (1995)

Studies have been conducted in the USA comparing fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray 200 micrograms once daily with beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray 168 micrograms twice daily, oral terfenadine 60 mg twice daily, or oral astemizole 10 mg once daily given for 2 or 4 weeks during tree, grass or ragweed pollen seasons. All six were multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. Efficacy was evaluated by patient and clinician assessments of individual nasal symptoms and overall response to therapy. Fluticasone propionate was superior to beclomethasone dipropionate in one trial according to patient evaluations of symptoms, but response to fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone dipropionate was similar in the second study. Comparisons with antihistamines showed fluticasone propionate to have greater efficacy. It was more effective than terfenadine in both trials according to evaluations by clinicians and patients. Similar findings were observed in the first astemizole trial. The second astemizole study showed superiority of fluticasone propionate over astemizole in terms of patient and clinician evaluations of overall response to therapy and occasionally in terms of symptom evaluations. There were no significant adverse effects, including effects on plasma cortisol concentrations, noted in any of these comparator studies.