gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of High Oleic Acid Mutations in Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) (2001)

High oleic (HO) winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) with increased oleic acid content in the seed is of interest for nutritional and industrial purposes. The objectives of the present study were to (i) describe the fatty acid composition in the seed, leaf, and root material of eight HO mutants; (ii) estimate the number of genes controlling the trait; (iii) test whether the mutants are allelic for the mutated loci; and (iv) determine the inheritance of the HO trait. An 8‐by‐8 diallel of the HO mutants and two crosses between HO mutants and a normal type cultivar with their segregating F 2 and BC generations were used. The results suggested that the variation in oleic acid can be explained by two mutation events. One mutated locus (HO1) was expressed mainly in the seeds and all mutants were assumed to be allelic at this locus. A second mutated locus (HO2), which increased the oleic acid content not only in the seed but also in leaves and roots, was identified in one mutant line. Both loci showed mainly additive effects: for HO1 a = 8.0 ± 1.5 and for HO1+HO2 a = 9.25 ± 1.5 (in percent oleic acid in the seed oil). Only small nonsignificant dominance effects and no epistatic or maternal effects were observed. The reduction of oleic acid desaturation in the mutants indicates that the HO1 locus is equivalent to fad2 , the microsomal oleic acid desaturase, whereas the locus HO2 affects a different enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or desaturation.
Spreading of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease by cell‐to‐cell transmission (2013)

It is well documented that neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated tau protein propagate in a predictable pattern in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms underlying the propagation of tau pathology are still poorly understood. Recent studies have provided solid data demonstrating that in several neurodegenerative diseases including AD, the spreading of misfolded protein aggregates in the brain would result from prion-like cell-to-cell transmission. Consistent with this new concept, recent studies have reported that human tau can be released in the extracellular space by an active process of secretion, and can be endocytosed both in vitro and in vivo. Most importantly, it was reported that the spreading of tau pathology was observed along synaptically connected circuits in a transgenic mouse model where human tau overexpression was restricted in the entorhinal cortex. This indicates that secretion of tau by presynaptic neurons and its uptake by postsynaptic neurons could be the sequential events leading to the propagation of tau pathology in the brain.
Deformation and Scattering in Graphene over Substrate Steps (2012)

The electrical properties of graphene depend sensitively on the substrate. For example, recent measurements of epitaxial graphene on SiC show resistance arising from steps on the substrate. Here we calculate the deformation of graphene at substrate steps, and the resulting electrical resistance, over a wide range of step heights. The elastic deformations contribute only a very small resistance at the step. However, for graphene on SiC(0001) there is strong substrate-induced doping, and this is substantially reduced on the lower side of the step where graphene pulls away from the substrate. The resulting resistance explains the experimental measurements.
Handoff effect on CDMA forward link capacity (2006)

In this letter, an analysis on CDMA forward link capacity with hard and soft handoffs, when a handoff decision is based on filtered pilot signal strengths, is provided. For the soft handoff, capacity based on three different power allocation schemes is investigated: equal power, equal signal to interference ratio and selection diversity. Contrary to previous results that soft handoff provides a capacity decrease in the CDMA forward link, it is concluded that soft handoff mitigates capacity loss due to filtering through diversity gain, and may in fact provide higher capacity.
Modular synthesis of block copolymers via cycloaddition of terminal azide and alkyne functionalized polymers (2004)

Polymeric building blocks containing terminal azide and alkyne functionalities are prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used to modularly synthesize block copolymers via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which are quantitative according to SEC measurements.
Staining of Celiac Disease-Relevant T Cells by Peptide-DQ2 Multimers (2001)

Gluten-specific T cells in the small intestinal mucosa are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). The vast majority of these T cells recognize gluten peptides when presented by HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05/DQB1*02), a molecule which immunogenetic studies have identified as conferring susceptibility to CD. We have previously identified and characterized three DQ2-restricted gluten epitopes that are recognized by intestinal T cells isolated from CD patients, two of which are immunodominant. Because almost all of the gluten epitopes are restricted by DQ2, and because we have detailed knowledge of several of these epitopes, we chose to develop peptide-DQ2 tetramers as a reagent to further investigate the role of these T cells in CD. In the present study, stable soluble DQ2 was produced such that it contained leucine zipper dimerization motif and a covalently coupled peptide. We have made four different peptide-DQ2 staining reagents, three containing the gluten epitopes and one containing a DQ2-binding self-peptide that provides a negative control for staining. We show in this study that peptide-DQ2 when adhered to plastic specifically stimulates T cell clones and that multimers comprising these molecules specifically stain peptide-specific T cell clones and lines. Interestingly, T cell activation caused severe reduction in staining intensities obtained with the multimers and an Ab to the TCR. The problem of TCR down-modulation must be taken into consideration when using class II multimers to stain T cells that may have been recently activated in vivo.
Identical Mutation in Patients with Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2B Or Miyoshi Myopathy Suggests a Role for Modifier Gene(s) (1999)

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi myopathy (MM), a distal muscular dystrophy, are both caused by mutations in the recently cloned gene dysferlin, gene symbol DYSF. Two large pedigrees have been described which have both types of patient in the same families. Moreover, in both pedigrees LGMD2B and MM patients are homozygous for haplotypes of the critical region. This suggested that the same mutation in the same gene would lead to both LGMD2B or MM in these families and that additional factors were needed to explain the development of the different clinical phenotypes. In the present paper we show that in one of these families Pro791 of dysferlin is changed to an Arg residue. Both the LGMD2B and MM patients in this kindred are homozygous for this mutation, as are four additional patients from two previously unpublished families. Haplotype analyses suggest a common origin of the mutation in all the patients. On western blots of muscle, LGMD2B and MM patients show a similar abundance in dysferlin staining of 15 and 11%, respectively. Normal tissue sections show that dysferlin localizes to the sarcolemma while tissue sections from MM and LGMD patients show minimal staining which is indistinguishable between the two types. These findings emphasize the role for the dysferlin gene as being responsible for both LGMD2B and MM, but that the distinction between these two clinical phenotypes requires the identification of additional factor(s), such as modifier gene(s).
Effect of enzymatic desialylation of human serum amyloid P component on surface exposure of laser photo CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization) ‐ reactive histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine residues (1995)

The human pentraxin serum amyloid P component (SAP) exhibits no microheterogeneity in its complex di-antennary glycan. To elucidate whether the removal of sialic acids from this glycoprotein might affect the accessibility of certain amino acid residues of the protein we employed the laser photo CIDNP approach as a sensitive tool. The CIDNP effect is created by the interaction of a photoexcited dye with reactive amino acids and results in enhanced absorption- or emission-signals which can be observed for the three aromatic amino acids histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine if they are accessible to the dye. Therefore, this technique can be applied to explore surface exposure of these residues. The respective spectra of SAP and enzymatically desialylated SAP were determined. Six tryptophan/histidine signals and one tyrosine signal are present in the aromatic part of the CIDNP difference spectrum of SAP. The corresponding spectrum of desialylated SAP shows remarkable alterations. The chemical shift of one tryptophan/histidine-characteristic signal is decreased by 0.1 ppm. One tryptophan/histidine signal disappeared and a new one was formed in the CIDNP difference spectrum of desialylated SAP, while the other signals were unaffected. The tyrosine signal has a clearly enhanced intensity in desialylated SAP. Therefore, the removal of sialic acid moieties from the single N-glycan of each monomer apparently affects surface presentation of distinct CIDNP-reactive amino acids of SAP.
Magnetic DNA affinity purification of yeast transcription factor τ—a new purification principle for the ultrarapid isolation of near homogeneous factor (1989)

We present a new method for rapid purification to near homogeneity of sequence specific DNA binding proteins based on magnetic separation. The method is described for the purification of the yeast transcription factor tau. DNA affinity Dynabeads (monodisperse superparamagnetic particles) specifically bind the protein in the presence of competitor DNA. By magnetic separation, wash and elution, highly enriched transcription factor preparations are obtained within minutes. In less than an hour with three cycles of adsorption, nearly homogeneous factor tau was obtained. The factor preparation contained mainly two polypeptides of 100 and 140 kDa and was fully active in transcription and DNA binding assays. This procedure should work for any high-affinity sequence-specific DNA binding protein with only minor modifications.
Peptide Motifs That Recognize Differences in Polymer‐Film Surfaces (2006)

Potential of peptides: Peptide motifs that recognize variability in the surfaces of syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) films are selected from phage libraries displaying 7-mer random peptides. The phage clones specifically bind to target films conditioned in the aqueous phases. Thus, peptides have the potential to recognize slight differences in surface structures and stereoregularities of single-component films.
Cytokine receptors and B cell functions. I. Recombinant soluble receptors specifically inhibit IL-1- and IL-4-induced B cell activities in vitro. (1990)

IL-1 and IL-4 are important mediators of B cell growth and differentiation. The cell-surface receptors for these cytokines have recently been cloned and recombinant soluble receptors have been produced that bind their respective ligand. The ability of soluble forms of the murine IL-1R (sIL-1R) and IL-4R (sIL-4R) to inhibit B cell functions in vitro was examined. Proliferation of B cells treated with anti-Ig plus IL-1 or IL-4 was inhibited by the appropriate soluble receptor. sIL-4R also inhibited IL-4-dependent B cell differentiation as measured by: induction of IgG1 and IgE secretion by LPS blasts, down-regulation of IgG3 secretion by LPS blasts, increased Ia expression, and increased Fc epsilon R (CD23) expression. The inhibitory effects of the soluble receptors were found to be highly specific in that sIL-4R had no effect on IL-1-induced B cell activity and sIL-1R had no effect on IL-4 activity, further demonstrating the existence of two independent pathways of B cell activation directed by IL-1 and IL-4.
OH‐radical‐induced crosslinking and strand breakage of poly(vinyl alcohol) in aqueous solution in the absence and presence of oxygen. A pulse radiolysis and product study (1994)

Abstract Hydroxyl radicals were generated radiolytically in N 2 O‐ or N 2 O/O 2 (4:1)‐saturated aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) or its low‐molecular‐weight model compound pentane‐2,4‐diol (PD). Using the pulse radiolysis technique, the rate constant of OH with PD and PVAL has been determined to be 2,3 · 10 9 dm 3 · mol −1 · s −1 and 1,5 · 10 8 dm 3 · mol −1 · s −1 , respectively. Upon OH attack two kinds of radicals are generated: (i) tertiary α‐hydroxyalkyl radicals and (ii) alkyl radicals. The former rapidly reduce tetranitromethane yielding the stable nitroform anion, and from its yield it is calculated that 70–75% of the radicals are α‐hydroxyalkyl radicals in both systems. In the presence of oxygen, the carbon‐centered radicals are converted into the corresponding peroxyl radicals. The α‐hydroxyalkylperoxyl radicals eliminate HO 2 ˙ /O 2 ˙ in spontaneous and base‐catalyzed reactions (rate constants ≈700 s −1 and ≈2,3 · 10 9 dm 3 · mol −1 · s −1 , respectively). There are marked differences in the rates of the bimolecular radical decay reactions. The carbon‐centered radicals of PD decay with a rate constant of 5 · 10 8 dm 3 · mol −1 · s −1 , whereas those of PVAL decay, under pulse‐radiolytic conditions, mainly intra molecularly (loop formation), with rate constants which reach, at high radical numbers per macromolecule, values as high as 10 10 dm 3 · mol −1 · s −1 . With PD it was shown by product studies that the radicals mainly (90%) disproportionate and dimerize only to 10%, thus limiting the yield of crosslinks in PVAL to the latter value. The bimolecular decay rates of the organic peroxyl radicals in O 2 ˙ containing solutions are more difficult to investigate because of the effective unimolecular HO 2 ˙ ‐elimination reaction. However, it is estimated that the peroxyl radicals of both compounds decay (under otherwise equal conditions) more than one order of magnitude slower than the carbon‐centered radicals. The measured yields of strand breaks in oxygenated solutions as well as the yields of inter molecular crosslinks under anoxia, determined with PVAL by low‐angle laser light‐scattering at different dose‐rates and pH values, support these conclusions.
Single Port Transumbilical (E-NOTES) Donor Nephrectomy (2008)

The initial experience with E-NOTES donor nephrectomy is encouraging. Excellent donor vascular and tissue dissection could be performed, and a quality donor kidney was retrieved transumbilically without any extra-umbilical skin incision. E-NOTES donor nephrectomy appears to have relevance and promise, especially for this typically younger, altruistic population. Natural orifices present an unprecedented opportunity for scar-free surgery.
Halogenation Using N-Halogenocompounds. I. Effect of Amines on ortho-Bromination of Phenols with NBS (1993)

Abstract Primary and secondary amines, especially diisopropylamine and dibutylamine, catalyzed ortho-dibromination of phenol and ortho-monobromination of 2-substituted phenols with NBS in dichloromethane to give selectively 2,6-dibromophenol and 2-bromo-6-substituted phenols, respectively. The effective intermediates are inferred to be N-bromoamines. The scope and limitations of the bromination are also presented.
Detection and diagnosis of oral neoplasia with an optical coherence microscope (2004)

The use of high resolution, in vivo optical imaging may offer a clinically useful adjunct to standard histopathologic techniques. A pilot study was performed to investigate the diagnostic capabilities of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) to discriminate between normal and abnormal oral tissue. Our objective is to determine whether OCM, a technique combining the subcellular resolution of confocal microscopy with the coherence gating and heterodyne detection of optical coherence tomography, has the same ability as confocal microscopy to detect morphological changes present in precancers of the epithelium while providing superior penetration depths. We report our results using OCM to characterize the features of normal and neoplastic oral mucosa excised from 13 subjects. Specifically, we use optical coherence and confocal microscopic images obtained from human oral biopsy specimens at various depths from the mucosal surface to examine the optical properties that distinguish normal and neoplastic oral mucosa. An analysis of penetration depths achieved by the OCM and its associated confocal arm found that the OCM consistently imaged more deeply. Extraction of scattering coefficients from reflected nuclear intensity is successful in nonhyperkeratotic layers and shows differentiation between scattering properties of normal and dysplastic epithelium and invasive cancer.
Extracellular thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. I. Purification and physicochemical properties (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtracellular thiaminase I of Bacillus thiaminolyticus. I. Purification and physicochemical propertiesJames L. Wittliff and Robert L. AirthCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 2, 736–744Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00842a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00842a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of the polyol pathway and cell permeability changes in human lens and retinal pigment epithelium in tissue culture. (1992)

The polyol pathway was investigated in primary cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells and the results were compared with those in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells cultured under similar conditions. Significant levels of galactitol were formed in HRPE cells cultured for 72 hr in a medium containing 30 mmol/l D-galactose. Polyol accumulation was accompanied by the appearance of vacuoles as seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Biochemical analysis revealed a significant depletion of cellular myoinositol, taurine, and a number of other free amino acids similar to those in HLE cells. These morphologic and biochemical changes observed in HRPE cells cultured in high galactose medium were inhibited or prevented by the inclusion of an aldose reductase inhibitor in the medium, further supporting the view that vacuole formation is due to the osmotic effect of polyol formation mediated by aldose reductase. The similarity of intracellular vacuole formation resulting from polyol accumulation and the biochemical changes in HRPE and HLE cells strongly suggests that a common mechanism is involved.
Anti-fragile ICT Systems (2016)

This book introduces a novel approach to the design and operation of large ICT systems. It views the technical solutions and their stakeholders as complex adaptive systems and argues that traditional
2-D WDM Optical Interconnections Using Multiple-wavelength VCSELs for Simultaneous and Reconfigurable Communication Among Many Planes (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. E. WILLNER, C. J. CHANG-HASNAIN, and J. E. LEIGHT, "2-D WDM Optical Interconnections Using Multiple-wavelength VCSELs for Simultaneous and Reconfigurable Communication Among Many Planes," Optics & Photonics News 4(12), 20-21 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Cutting Edge: Long-Term B Cell Memory in Humans after Smallpox Vaccination (2003)

Memory B cells are a central component of humoral immunity, and yet little is known about their longevity in humans. Immune memory after smallpox vaccination (DryVax) is a valuable benchmark for understanding the longevity of B cell memory in the absence of re-exposure to Ag. In this study, we demonstrate that smallpox vaccine-specific memory B cells last for >50 years in immunized individuals. Virus-specific memory B cells initially declined postimmunization, but then reached a plateau approximately 10-fold lower than peak and were stably maintained for >50 years after vaccination at a frequency of approximately 0.1% of total circulating IgG(+) B cells. These persisting memory B cells were functional and able to mount a robust anamnestic Ab response upon revaccination. Additionally, virus-specific CD4(+) T cells were detected decades after vaccination. These data show that immunological memory to DryVax vaccine is long-lived and may contribute to protection against smallpox.
Distributed Microarchitectural Protocols in the TRIPS Prototype Processor (2006)

Growing on-chip wire delays will cause many future microarchitectures to be distributed, in which hardware resources within a single processor become nodes on one or more switched micronetworks. Since large processor cores will require multiple clock cycles to traverse, control must be distributed, not centralized. This paper describes the control protocols in the TRIPS processor, a distributed, tiled microarchitecture that supports dynamic execution. It details each of the five types of reused tiles that compose the processor, the control and data networks that connect them, and the distributed microarchitectural protocols that implement instruction fetch, execution, flush, and commit. We also describe the physical design issues that arose when implementing the microarchitecture in a 170M transistor, 130nm ASIC prototype chip composed of two 16-wide issue distributed processor cores and a distributed 1MB non-uniform (NUCA) on-chip memory system
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence in the Netherlands (2012)

The study demonstrated that introducing SNM in the surgical management algorithm for faecal incontinence was both more effective and less costly than DGP or ABS without SNM. This justifies adequate funding for SNM for patients with faecal incontinence.