gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic expression of the human A20 gene in cloned pigs provides protection against apoptotic and inflammatory stimuli (2009)

The hA20 gene was for the first time functionally expressed in transgenic pigs. Although the CAGGS is a ubiquitous promoter element, expression was restricted to heart, skeletal muscle and PAECs of transgenic animals. Cultivated hA20-transgenic PAECs were protected against TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, and partially protected against CD95(Fas)L-mediated cell death; cardiomyocytes were partially protected in I/R. These findings reveal hA20 as a promising molecule for controlling AVR in multi-transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation studies.
A rapidly resorbable hemostatic biomaterial based on dihydroxyacetone (2009)

We have developed a rapid acting, rapidly resorbable, non-toxic, topical hemostatic agent comprised of a PEGylated, polymerized sequence of dihydroxyacetone (MPEG-pDHA) that is highly effective in vivo. Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left lateral hepatectomy. To the cut edge of the liver, rats received MPEG-pDHA (50 mg), normal saline (0.5 mL), or Instat (50 mg), a commercially available hemostatic compound. Bleeding time and total blood loss were quantified. Coagulation studies and scanning electron microscopy were performed on phlebotomized blood combined with MPEG-pDHA. Rats treated with MPEG-pDHA had significantly decreased bleeding time (97 s) and total blood loss (1.35 g) compared to normal saline (464 s and 3.83 g, p < 0.05 for each), and a significantly shorter bleeding time compared to Instat (165 s, p < 0.05). Histology confirmed that all MPEG-pDHA was metabolized within 3 weeks. The addition of MPEG-pDHA to whole blood did not significantly affect prothrombin time (12.0 s vs. 13.2 s, p = 0.130), partial thromboplastin time (27.0 s vs. 21.8 s, p = 0.118), or thrombin clotting time. MPEG-pDHA is an effective and rapidly resorbable hemostatic agent that may find broad hemostatic application in a wide range of surgical procedures.
Subpilot Demonstration of the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process: High-Temperature CO2 and Sulfur Capture from Coal-Fired Power Plants (2010)

Increasing concerns over growing CO2 levels in the atmosphere have led to a worldwide demand for efficient, cost-effective, and clean carbon capture technologies. One of these technologies is the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) process, which utilizes a calcium-based sorbent in a high-temperature reaction (carbonation) to capture the CO2 from the flue gas stream and releases a pure stream of CO2 in the subsequent calcination reaction that can be sequestered. A 120 KWth subpilot-scale combustion plant utilizing coal at 20 pph along with natural gas has been established at The Ohio State University to test the CCR process. Experimental studies on CO2 capture using calcium-based sorbents have been performed at this facility. Greater than 99% CO2 and SO2 capture has been achieved at the subpilot-scale facility on a once-through basis at a Ca:C mole ratio of 1.6. In addition, the sorbent reactivity is maintained over multiple cycles by the incorporation of a sorbent reactivation hydration step in the carbonation−calcination cycle.
Exact determination of UV-induced crosslinks in 16S ribosomal RNA in 30S ribosomal subunits. (1997)

Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits were UV-irradiated to induce intramolecular crosslinks in the 16S rRNA. Intact 16S rRNA was purified and subjected to gel electrophoresis, under denaturing conditions, to separate molecules on the basis of the crosslinked loop size. Molecules separated this way were enriched for specific crosslinks and could be analyzed by the reverse transcription arrest assay to determine exact crosslinking sites. Thirteen crosslinking sites have been identified at single nucleotide resolution. Of these, eight are within or adjacent to secondary structure elements: one of these (C582 x G760) involves an interaction between nucleotides within an interior loop, one (C1402 x X1501) involves an interaction between nucleosides in adjacent base pairs, and the others involve interactions between nucleotides that are within junction regions (A441 x G494, U562 x U884, C934 x U1345, and U991 x U1212) or are interactions between nucleotides (C54 x A353 and U1052 x C1200) that somehow cross known base pairs. Five other crosslinks connect sites distant in the secondary structure and provide global constraints for the arrangement of RNA regions within RNA domains I and II (U244 x G894, G894 x A1468, C967 x C1400) and within domain III (U1126 x C1281 and A1093 x G1182). These crosslinks, known at single-nucleotide resolution, are useful in the prediction of local RNA regions, as well as the global structure.
A Statistical Thermodynamic Study on the Conformational Transition of Oligopeptide Multimer (1996)

The conformational transition of oligopeptide multimer,-(HPPHPPP)n-, is studied (H:hydrophobic amino acid, P:hydrophilic amino acid). The helix/coil transitions are detected in the multimer. The transition depends on the number of amino acid in the sequence, the concentration of the oligopeptide, and temperature which affects helix stability constant () and hydrophobic interaction parameter (wj). In the thermodynamic equilibrium system jAAj (where A stands for oligopeptide monomer), Skolnick et al., explained helix/coil transition of dimer by the matrix method using Zimm-Bragg parameters and (helix initiation constant). But the matrix method do not fully explain dangling H-bond effects which are important in oligopeptide systems. In this study we propose a general theory of conformational transitions of oligopeptides in which dimer, trimer, or higher multimer coexists. The partition of trimer is derived by using zipper model which account for dangling H-bond effects. The transitions of multimers which have cross-linked S-S bonds or long chains do not occur, because they keep always helical structures. The transitions due to the concentration of the oligopeptides are steeper than those due to the chain length or temperature.
A nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry-based enzyme activity assay (2008)

We describe a Nanostructure-Initiator Mass Spectrometry (NIMS) enzymatic (Nimzyme) assay in which enzyme substrates are immobilized on the mass spectrometry surface by using fluorous-phase interactions. This "soft" immobilization allows efficient desorption/ionization while also enabling the use of surface-washing steps to reduce signal suppression from complex biological samples, which results from the preferential retention of the tagged products and reactants. The Nimzyme assay is sensitive to subpicogram levels of enzyme, detects both addition and cleavage reactions (sialyltransferase and galactosidase), is applicable over a wide range of pHs and temperatures, and can measure activity directly from crude cell lysates. The ability of the Nimzyme assay to analyze complex mixtures is illustrated by identifying and directly characterizing beta-1,4-galactosidase activity from a thermophilic microbial community lysate. The optimal enzyme temperature and pH were found to be 65 degrees C and 5.5, respectively, and the activity was inhibited by both phenylethyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside and deoxygalactonojirimycin. Metagenomic analysis of the community suggests that the activity is from an uncultured, unsequenced gamma-proteobacterium. In general, this assay provides an efficient method for detection and characterization of enzymatic activities in complex biological mixtures prior to sequencing or cloning efforts. More generally, this approach may have important applications for screening both enzymatic and inhibitor libraries, constructing and screening glycan microarrays, and complementing fluorous-phase organic synthesis.
Role of interleukin‐5 in enhanced migration of eosinophils from airways of immunized guinea‐pigs (1994)

1. Platelet activating factor (PAF), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) are potent chemoattractants for guinea-pig eosinophils, which may be involved in eosinophil recruitment and up-regulation in allergic diseases. Eosinophils from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs were collected 24 h after antigen provocation and migration induced by PAF, LTB4 and rhIL-5 was studied. 2. Total BALF content and distribution of eosinophils were greater in immunized, ovalbumin-challenged guinea-pigs (5.0 +/- 0.8 x 10(6)/guinea-pig; 12 +/- 1%) than in immunized, saline-challenged animals (3.0 +/- 0.7 x 10(6)/guinea-pig; 7 +/- 1%). 3. The chemoattraction of eosinophils isolated on a metrizamide gradient was studied in micro-Boyden chambers, results being expressed as the number of migrating cells (mean +/- s.e. mean). PAF and LTB4-induced migration of eosinophils from immunized and OA-challenged guinea-pigs were significantly enhanced, as compared to immunized and saline-challenged animals (170 +/- 36 vs 35 +/- 9 migrating eosinophils for 10 nM PAF; 271 +/- 60 vs 110 +/- 19 for 1 nM LTB4). 4. The IL-5 antibody TRFK-5, in vivo, reduced eosinophil recruitment in BALF of antigen-challenged immunized animals as well as the enhanced responsiveness of eosinophils from the challenged animals, suggesting a role for IL-5 in the priming of eosinophils in vivo. 5. In contrast to TRFK-5, nedocromil sodium reduced to a similar extent eosinophil, macrophage and lymphocyte recruitment into the BALF of antigen-challenged, but failed to down-regulate the enhanced responsiveness of eosinophils from the challenged animals. 6. The increased eosinophil content in lungs from antigen-challenged guinea-pigs is thus selectively reduced by the anti-IL-5 antibody, which also attenuates the concomitant enhancement of the eosinophil responsiveness, supporting the concept that IL-5 is essential for recruitment and priming of eosinophils in vivo. In contrast, nedocromil sodium reduced non-selectively the total cell recruitment to the airways,but failed to attenuate the enhanced responsiveness of those eosinophils which migrated, indicating that its effects involve a different target.
Superficial treatment of mammalian cells using plasma needle (2003)

Interactions of a small-size, non-thermal plasma (plasma needle) with living cells in culture are studied. We have demonstrated the non-destructive character of the plasma needle: under moderate conditions (low-power and low concentration of molecular species) the plasma needle does not heat biological samples and does not induce cell death. Treatment of living cells is restricted to the cell exterior (membrane). As a result of the interactions of plasma radicals with cell adhesion molecules, cell attachment is temporarily interrupted; the loose cells can be removed, reattached or transferred. This effect may prove very useful in fine surgery, where a part of the tissue must be removed with high-precision, without damage to the adjacent cells and without inflammatory reaction
Selective Gas Transport Through Few-Layered Graphene and Graphene Oxide Membranes (2013)

Graphene is a distinct two-dimensional material that offers a wide range of opportunities for membrane applications because of ultimate thinness, flexibility, chemical stability, and mechanical strength. We demonstrate that few- and several-layered graphene and graphene oxide (GO) sheets can be engineered to exhibit the desired gas separation characteristics. Selective gas diffusion can be achieved by controlling gas flow channels and pores via different stacking methods. For layered (3- to 10-nanometer) GO membranes, tunable gas transport behavior was strongly dependent on the degree of interlocking within the GO stacking structure. High carbon dioxide/nitrogen selectivity was achieved by well-interlocked GO membranes in high relative humidity, which is most suitable for postcombustion carbon dioxide capture processes, including a humidified feed stream.
Imaging of Lymph Node Micrometastases Using an Oncolytic Herpes Virus and [18F]FEAU PET (2009)

A new approach for imaging SLN metastases using NV1023 and [(18)F]FEAU-PET was successful in a murine model. Similar studies could be translated to the clinic and improve the staging and management of patients with melanoma.
Sur le mécanisme de la réaction de meth‐cohn‐tarnowski de préparation des thiocoumarines (1988)

Abstract La mise en oeuvre du t ‐butylthio‐2 benzaldéhyde et la cyclisation par chauffage dans l'acide polyphosphorique des ( t ‐butylthio‐2 phényl)‐3 cyano‐2 acrylamides conduit intermédiairement aux carboxamido‐3 imino‐2 2 H ‐(benzo[ b ]thiopyranne‐1), hydrolysables en thiocoumarines. Les auteurs suggèrent la formation intermédiaire d'un ion thiophénate prenant naissance par un mécanisme électronique à six centres.
Piezoelectric tuning of exchange bias in aBaTiO3/Co/CoOheterostructure (2010)

Piezoelectrically controlled strain is used for electric tuning of exchange-bias fields. A generic exchange-bias Co/CoO bilayer is deposited on the surface of a ferroelectric and thus piezoelectric ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$ substrate which allows to apply electrically and thermally tunable stress in the adjacent ferromagnetic Co thin film. The stress-induced strain alters foremost the magnetic anisotropy of the Co film and by that the magnetization orientation at the Co/CoO interface modifying the exchange-bias field. This results in a pronounced electrically induced weakening of the exchange bias but also includes the possibility of tuning the exchange-bias field through a subtle sign change from regular negative to positive values. The electrically controlled crossover from negative to positive exchange bias is consistently observed at various temperatures in the rhombohedral phase of ${\text{BaTiO}}_{3}$. This complex electric field dependence of the exchange-bias field is the result of the long-range nature of strain and interpreted through competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange at the Co/CoO interface. Our data suggest competition between regular negative and positive exchange bias. Weakening of negative exchange bias originates from noncollinear alignment of the Co and CoO interface magnetizations. Positive exchange bias is activated when stress induces antiferromagnetic exchange through atomic displacements changing the exchange paths at the Co/CoO interface.
Deletion mapping in neuroblastoma cell lines suggests two distinct tumor suppressor genes in the 1p35-36 region, only one of which is associated with N-myc amplification. (1995)

Neuroblastoma is characterized by deletions of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and amplification of the N-myc oncogene. We have made somatic cell hybrids of two human neuroblastoma cell lines, one with and one without N-myc expression and amplification. The expression of the amplified N-myc gene is completely switched off in the hybrids. This suggests that N-myc expression results from loss of a repressor function. As N-myc amplification is associated with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p36, we analysed 1p deletions in 16 neuroblastoma cell lines. The seven cell lines without N-myc amplification have no deletions or relatively small deletions, with an SRO on 1p36.23-33. This suggests that a tumor suppressor gene maps in this region. All nine cell lines with N-myc amplification have larger deletions, with an SRO from 1p35-36.1 to the telomere. This suggests that a second tumor suppressor gene which is associated with N-myc amplification maps more proximally. Fine mapping of 1p36 deletions in the two cell lines of the fusion experiment suggests that the distal locus is not a repressor of N-myc expression, but the more proximal locus could be a candidate for this function.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF DICHLOROKETONE WITH CYCLIC THIOKETALS OF α,β‐CYCLOALKENONES: SYNTHESIS OF 1,7‐DITHIACYCLOALK‐5‐EN‐2‐ONE DERIVATIVES BY A FOUR‐CARBON CYCLOENLARGEMENT (1981)

Abstract Dichlorketen (II), das in situ aus Dichloracetylchlorid mit Triethylamin hergestellt wird, reagiert mit den cyclischen Dithioketalen′ (I) bzw. (IV) über diskutierte Zwi‐ schenstufen zu den Einschiebungsprodukten (III) bzw. (V).
Fractionation of Tyrosine‐Rich Proteins from Oxidized Wool by Ion‐Exchange Chromatography and Preparative Electrophoresis (1973)

On oxidizing wool by performic acid a soluble protein fraction is obtained containing high amounts of tyrosine, phenylalanine and glycine. This fraction, termed “δ‐keratose”, is extremely heterogeneous as shown by solubility characteristics, electrophoresis and end‐group determination. Anion‐exchange chromatography allows isolation of subfractions with different amino‐acid compositions. This process, however, involves a marked loss of tyrosine‐rich proteins absorbed irreversibly. Repeated preparative electrophoresis on polyvinylchloride layers permits isolation of many subfractions on a preparative scale without loss of aromatic amino acids. The amino‐acid composition of these subfractions is investigated. In spite of the wide differences among them some common features for all fractions can be established. It is shown that possible contamination by other proteins is not responsible for the heterogeneity of δ‐keratose but rather due to a wide variation in the amino‐acid composition among the demonstrated tyrosine‐rich proteins.
A selective retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene (LGD1069, targretin) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours (2006)

The present study determined the influence of a retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene on angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours. In the experimental lung metastasis xenograft models, treatment with bexarotene inhibited the development of the lung tumour nodule formation compared to control. In vivo angiogenesis assay utilising gelfoam sponges, bexarotene reduced angiogenesis in sponges containing vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor to various extent. To determine the basis of these observations, human breast and non-small-cell lung cancer cells were subjected to migration and invasion assays in the presence of bexarotene. Our data showed that bexarotene decrease migration and invasiveness of tumour cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, bexarotene inhibited angiogenesis by directly inhibiting human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth and indirectly inhibiting tumour cell-mediated migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through Matrigel matrix. Analysis of tumour-conditioned medium indicated that bexarotene decreased the secretion of angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases and increased the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. The ability of bexarotene to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis was dependent on activation of its heterodimerisation partner peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Collectively, our results suggest a role of bexarotene in treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis in solid tumours.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide A Selective Pulmonary Vasodilator of Heparin-Protamine Vasoconstriction in Sheep (1991)

Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor and produces profound relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. To learn if NO could be a potent and selective pulmonary vasodilator, NO was inhaled by 16 awake lambs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by either the infusion of an exogenous pulmonary vasoconstrictor (the thromboxane analog U46619) or the endogenous release of thromboxane that occurs during the neutralization of heparin anticoagulation by protamine sulfate. Inhaling greater than or equal to 40 ppm of NO during a continuous U46619 infusion returned the PAP to a normal value, without affecting systemic blood pressure or vascular resistance. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin before infusing U46619 did not reduce the pulmonary vasodilatory effect of inhaled NO, and we conclude that the dilatory effect of NO on the lung's circulation is independent of cyclooxygenase products such as prostacyclin. Continuously inhaling NO at 180 ppm did not significantly reduce the mean peak thromboxane B2 concentration at 1 min after protamine injection; however, the mean values of pulmonary hypertension and vasoconstriction at 1 min were markedly reduced below the levels in untreated heparin-protamine reactions. Breathing NO at lower concentrations (40-80 ppm) did not decrease the mean peak PAP and PVR at 1 min after protamine but decreased the PAP and PVR values at 2, 3, and 5 min below those of control heparin-protamine reactions. Intravenous infusion of nitroprusside completely prevented the transient increase of PAP and PVR during the heparin-protamine reaction; however, marked concomitant systemic vasodilation occurred. Inhaled NO is a selective pulmonary vasodilator that can prevent thromboxane-induced pulmonary hypertension during the heparin-protamine reaction in lambs and can do so without causing systemic vasodilation.
cDNA cloning of the human tumor motility-stimulating protein, autotaxin, reveals a homology with phosphodiesterases. (1994)

A human cDNA clone encoding autotaxin, a tumor cell motility-stimulating protein, reveals that this protein is an ecto/exo-enzyme with significant homology to the plasma cell membrane differentiation antigen PC-1. ATX is a 125-kDa glycoprotein, previously isolated from a human melanoma cell line (A2058), which elicits chemotactic and chemokinetic responses at picomolar to nanomolar concentrations. Affinity-purified antipeptide antibodies to the ATX peptide, ATX-102, were employed to screen an A2058 cDNA expression library made in lambda gt11. The partial cDNA sequence which was obtained was then extended by utilizing reverse transcriptase on total cellular RNA followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification. The isolated cDNA clone contained 3251 base pairs, and the mRNA message size was approximately 3.3 kilobases. The deduced amino acid sequence of autotaxin matched 30 previously sequenced peptides and comprised a protein of 915 amino acids. Data base analysis of the ATX sequence revealed a 45% amino acid identity (including 30 out of 33 cysteines) with PC-1, a pyrophosphatase/type I phosphodiesterase expressed on the surface of activated B cells and plasma cells. ATX, like PC-1, was found to hydrolyze the type I phosphodiesterase substrate p-nitrophenyl thymidine-5'-monophosphate. Autotaxin now defines a novel motility-regulating function for this class of ecto/exo-enzymes.
A Silver Bullet: Elemental Silver as an Efficient Reducing Agent for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylates (2015)

Elemental silver was used as a reducing agent in the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylates. Silver wire, in conjunction with a CuBr(2)/TPMA catalyst, enabled the controlled, rapid preparation of polyacrylates with dispersity values down to Đ = 1.03. The silver wire in these reactions was reused several times in sequential reactions without a decline in performance, and the amount of copper catalyst used was reduced to 10 ppm without a large decrease in control. A poly(n-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) diblock copolymer was synthesized with a molecular weight of 91 400 and Đ = 1.04, demonstrating good retention of chain-end functionality and a high degree of livingness in this ATRP system.