gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Second Uniquely Human Mutation Affecting Sialic Acid Biology (2001)

Siglecs are immunoglobulin superfamily member lectins that selectively recognize different types and linkages of sialic acids, which are major components of cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates. We report here a human Siglec-like molecule (Siglec-L1) that lacks a conserved arginine residue known to be essential for optimal sialic acid recognition by previously known Siglecs. Loss of the arginine from an ancestral molecule was caused by a single nucleotide substitution that occurred after the common ancestor of humans with the great apes but before the origin of modern humans. The chimpanzee Siglec-L1 ortholog remains fully functional and preferentially recognizes N-glycolylneuraminic acid, which is a common sialic acid in great apes and other mammals. Reintroducing the ancestral arginine into the human molecule regenerates the same properties. Thus, the single base pair mutation that replaced the arginine on human Siglec-L1 is likely to be evolutionarily related to the previously reported loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid expression in the human lineage. Siglec-L1 and its chimpanzee Siglec ortholog also have a different expression pattern from previously reported Siglecs because they are found on the lumenal edge of epithelial cell surfaces. Notably, the human genome contains several Siglec-like pseudogenes that have independent mutations that would have replaced the arginine residue required for optimal sialic acid recognition. Thus, additional changes in the biology of sialic acids may have taken place during human evolution.
Soft error immune 0.46 μm/sup 2/ SRAM cell with MIM node capacitor by 65 nm CMOS technology for ultra high speed SRAM (2004)

The smallest SRAM cell, 0.46 um/sup 2/, is realized by a single pitch cell layout, gate poly trim mask technique, 80 nm contact holes formed by polymer attaching process, and a 193 nm ArF lithography process. The MIM (metal-insulator-metal) node capacitor is developed and used for the first time in the SRAM cell to reduce the radiation induced soft error rate, dramatically. The high performance transistors are developed with a channel length of 70 nm, plasma nitrided 13 /spl Aring/ gate oxide, low thermal budget sidewall spacer, and CoSix.
Three-dimensional widgets (1992)

Article Three-dimensional widgets Share on Authors: Brookshire D. Conner View Profile , Scott S. Snibbe View Profile , Kenneth P. Herndon View Profile , Daniel C. Robbins View Profile , Robert C. Zeleznik View Profile , Andries van Dam View Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '92: Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsJune 1992 Pages 183–188https://doi.org/10.1145/147156.147199Online:01 June 1992Publication History 170citation1,946DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations170Total Downloads1,946Last 12 Months70Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Acantholysis and spongiosis are associated with loss of syndecan‐1 expression (2001)

The loss of syndecan-1 expression evident in acantholytic conditions and, to a lesser extent in spongiotic conditions, may contribute to the decreased intercellular adhesion characteristic of these lesions.
TEP1, encoded by a candidate tumor suppressor locus, is a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase regulated by transforming growth factor beta. (1997)

It has long been postulated that protein tyrosine phosphatases may act as tumor suppressors because of their ability to counteract the oncogenic actions of protein tyrosine kinases. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel human protein tyrosine phosphatase, TEP1. TEP1 contains the protein tyrosine phosphatase signature motif, and we show that it possesses an intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. TEP1 also shares extensive homology with tensin, a cytoskeletal protein localized to focal adhesions, and with auxilin, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle transport. Immunofluorescence studies show that TEP1 is a cytoplasmic protein. The abundance of TEP1 transcription is altered in many transformed cells. In the transforming growth factor beta-sensitive cells, TEP1 expression is rapidly down-regulated by transforming growth factor beta, a cytokine shown to be involved in regulating cell adhesion and cell motility. We have also mapped the gene encoding TEP1 to chromosome 10q23, a locus that is frequently deleted in a variety of human cancers. TEP1 protein is identical to the protein encoded by the candidate tumor suppressor gene PTEN/MMAC1. Our functional studies of the TEP1 protein suggest that its tumor suppressor function may associate with its intrinsic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and its cytoplasmic localization.
The chemistry of Portland cement clinker (2010)

Technological developments in over a century of production of Portland cement clinker have greatly improved the homogeneity of the feed and clinker leading to much more favourable conditions for alite formation which remains the key chemical reaction in the process. This development is described along with the thermodynamic processes which either enhance the formation of alite by lowering its free energy, or inhibit the formation of alite by lowering the free energy of belite. These processes are always present to some extent depending on the concentrations of minor components in the raw materials and fuels, but can be specifically targeted by the controlled addition of effective mineralisers such as fluoride. This allows further increases in clinker output and reduction in fuel consumption, but perhaps more importantly allows higher contents of supplementary cementitious materials in composite cements for the same cement performance. The same approach can be used to produce new low temperature clinker types such as those based on the so-called Klein's phase.
A Ligand Peptide Motif Selected from a Cancer Patient Is a Receptor-Interacting Site within Human Interleukin-11 (2008)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine approved by the FDA against chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. From a combinatorial selection in a cancer patient, we isolated an IL-11-like peptide mapping to domain I of the IL-11 (sequence CGRRAGGSC). Although this motif has ligand attributes, it is not within the previously characterized interacting sites. Here we design and validate in-tandem binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy to show (i) the peptide mimics a receptor-binding site within IL-11, (ii) the binding of CGRRAGGSC to the IL-11R alpha is functionally relevant, (iii) Arg4 and Ser8 are the key residues mediating the interaction, and (iv) the IL-11-like motif induces cell proliferation through STAT3 activation. These structural and functional results uncover an as yet unrecognized receptor-binding site in human IL-11. Given that IL-11R alpha has been proposed as a target in human cancer, our results provide clues for the rational design of targeted drugs.
Variations in the neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting activities of five influenza A virus-specific IgGs and their antibody fragments. (1997)

Neutralization and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) of a type A influenza virus by a panel of five monoclonal IgGs, their F(ab')2s, Fabs and Fabs+ anti-mouse Fab were compared. The MAbs were specific for antigenic sites A, B and D of the haemagglutinin. Activities of the IgGs varied by up to 6-fold on a molar basis, apart from the HI activity of HC58 which was > 100-fold lower. This was not due to low functional affinity as HC58 had the second highest value (nM) as determined by an equilibrium method with whole virions. Conversion to the F(ab')2 reduced neutralization and HI by only 2- to 6-fold, indicating that the Fc region had little involvement in these processes. However, all Fabs had low neutralization and HI activity compared with their IgGs, neutralization being reduced by 86 to > 1912-fold, and HI by 13 to > 69-fold. Although decreased, their affinities remained high, in the nM range. Neutralization and HI by three of the Fabs (HC2, HC3W and HC61) were restored by the addition of anti-Fab IgG; however, HC10 Fab+anti-Fab IgG still had no detectable neutralization activity but gave HI, and HC58 Fab+anti-Fab IgG had no detectable HI activity but neutralized to the same extent as its IgG. The different properties of the antibodies are discussed in the light of their known mechanisms of action: HI by steric blocking of attachment of virus to the red cell receptor, and neutralization by the inhibition of post-attachment events (HC2, HC10 and HC61). The data demonstrate just how variable are the antiviral properties of individual IgGs.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma [see comments] (1992)

T immune dysregulation induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is fully consistent with the known occurrence of lymphoma in other settings of immunologic compromise. Thus, the incidence of malignancy in congenital immune deficiency diseases is approximately 100 times greater than expected, with malignant lymphoma comprising the majority of these cancers in children with ataxia telangiectasia or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome,lJ in which the latter are uniformly associated with presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome within tumor cell DNA. Similarly, boys with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome may develop high-grade, B-cell lymphomas after exposure to EBV.3 Individuals with various autoimmune diseases are also at increased risk for developing B-cell lymphoma, as documented in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and Further, in the setting of organ transplantation with iatrogenic immunosuppression and chronic antigenic stimulation, polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorders have been described. True malignant lymphoma may also occur with increased frequency in this ~etting.8.~ Similar to the congenital or autoimmune settings, the transplant-associated lymphomas are usually highgrade, B-immunoblastic lymphomas, with presence of EBV genome within tumor cell DNA. Genotypic monoclonality has been demonstrated in these cases using Southern blot analysis to confirm Ig-gene rearrangement.10 Of interest, increasing degrees of immunosuppression, with regimens containing cyclosporine and/or monoclonal antibodies (Mo-Abs) to induce T-cell depletion have resulted in an increased risk of developing these lymphomas, which occur earlier than usually expected after transplantation.Il With these data in perspective, then, it is not surprising that patients with HIV-induced immune dysregulation might also be at increased risk for development of high-grade, B-cell lymphoma.
A comparison of thein vitroactivity of DNA-armed and all-RNA hammerhead ribozymes (1995)

Hammerhead ribozymes targeted against two unrelated RNA substrates have been prepared. For each substrate, four ribozymes, differing in their hybridising arm length and composition (DNA or RNA), have been synthesised and kinetically characterised. The presence of DNA in the hybridising arms had little effect on the overall cleavage rate when the cleavage step was rate determining. Shortening each of the hybridising arms of ribozymes from 10 to 6 nucleotides generally resulted in modest changes in rate constants for cleavage of the same 13mer substrate. In one case the presence of long RNA hybridising arms significantly impeded the cleavage reaction. Cleavage rates displayed first order dependence on hydroxide ion concentration at low pHs. At higher pH, some ribozymes deviated from this first order dependence because of a change in the rate-determining step, possibly due to a requirement for a conformation change in the ribozyme-substrate complex prior to cleavage. Ribozyme cleavage was strongly dependent on temperature in the range 5-45 degrees C, with an activation energy for the reaction of approximately 60 kJ mol-1. The ribozymes displayed biphasic dependence on magnesium ion concentration; evidence of strong apparent binding (Kd approximately 10 mM) as well as a looser interaction was observed for all ribozymes.
Cloning, Yeast Expression, and Characterization of the Coupling of Two Distantly Related Arabidopsis thalianaNADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductases with P450 CYP73A5 (1997)

Two NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding cDNAs were isolated from an <i>Arabidopsis</i> cDNA library by metabolic interference in a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> mutant disrupted for its endogenous <i>cpr1</i>gene. <i>ATR1</i> encodes a protein of 692 amino acids, while<i>ATR2</i> encodes either a 712-residue protein (ATR2-1), or a 702-residue protein (ATR2-2) depending on the choice of the initiation codon. Comparative analysis of ATR1 and ATR2-1 indicates 64% amino acid sequence identity and the absence of conservation in the third base of conserved amino acid codons. The two <i>Arabidopsis</i>reductases are encoded by distinct genes whose divergence is expected an early event in angiosperms evolution. A poly(Ser/Thr) stretch reminiscent of a plant chloroplastic targeting signal is present at the ATR2-1 N-terminal end but absent in ATR1. The cDNA open reading frames were expressed in yeast. The recombinant polypeptides were found present in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum membrane and exhibited a high specific NADPH-cytochrome <i>c</i> reductase activity. To gain more insight into the respective functions of the two reductases, the <i>Arabidopsis</i> cDNA encoding cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A5) was cloned and co-expressed with ATR1 or ATR2 in yeast. Biochemical characterization of the <i>Arabidopsis</i>ATR1/CYP73A5 and ATR2-1/CYP73A5 systems demonstrates that the two distantly related <i>Arabidopsis</i> reductases similarly support the first oxidative step of the phenylpropanoid general pathway.
Clomiphene Citrate for Treatment of Acromegaly Not Controlled by Conventional Therapies (2015)

Addition of CC should be considered an option in male acromegaly patients not controlled by current available options, with a considerable cost-saving benefit. Furthermore, improvement of T levels can be obtained in those patients with concurrent central hypogonadism.
Disulfiram for the Treatment of Alcoholism (1979)

One hundred twenty-eight alcoholic men were assigned randomly to receive either a regular dose of disulfiram (250 mg), a pharmacologically inactive dose (1 mg), or no disulfiram. There were no statistically significant differences among the three treatment groups in total abstinence, percentage of drinking days, days worked, family stability (living with same relative), or percent of scheduled appointments kept. However, 21% of those who received the regular dose of disulfiram and 25% who received the pharmacologically inactive dose remained abstinent, whereas only 12% of those who received no disulfiram did so. These results indicate that disulfiram may be of limited value in the treatment of alcoholism, fear of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction is important in preventing drinking, and patients willing to take disulfiram are more likely to be abstinent if given the drug. We also found that complete abstinence correlated significantly with compliance and obtaining employment.
Catalytic Ring Opening of Cycloalkanes on Ir Clusters: Alkyl Substitution Effects on the Structure and Stability of C–C Bond Cleavage Transition States (2015)

Rates and locations of C–C cleavage during the hydrogenolysis of alkyl-cyclohexanes determine the isomeric products of ring opening and the yield losses from dealkylation. Kinetically relevant transition states for C–C rupture form by sequential quasi-equilibrated dehydrogenation steps that break C–H bonds, form C–metal bonds, and desorb chemisorbed H atoms (H*) from H*-covered surfaces. Activation enthalpies (ΔH⧧), entropies (ΔS⧧), and the number of H2(g) formed with transition states are larger for 3C–xC rupture than for 2C–2C or 2C–1C cleavage for all cycloalkane reactants and Ir cluster sizes. 3C–xC rupture transition states bind to surfaces through three or more C atoms, whereas those for less-substituted 2C–2C bonds cleave via α,β species bound by two C atoms. 3C–xC rupture involves larger ΔH⧧ than 2C–2C and 2C–1C because the former requires that more C–H bonds cleave and H* desorb than for the latter two. These endothermic steps are partially compensated by C–metal bond formation, whereas the formation of additional H2(g) gives larger ΔS⧧. C–C rupture transition states for cycloalkanes have less entropy than those for C–C bonds in acyclic alkanes of similar size because C6 rings decrease the rotational and conformational freedom. ΔH⧧ values for all C–C bonds in a given reactant decrease with increasing Ir cluster size because the coordination of exposed metal atoms influences the stabilities of the H* atoms that desorb more than those of the transition states. ΔH⧧ for 3C–xC cleavage is more sensitive to cluster size because their transition states displace more H* than those for 2C–2C or 2C–1C bonds. These data and their mechanistic interpretation provide guidance for how surface coordination, reaction temperatures, and H2 pressures can be used to control ring-opening selectivities toward desirable products while minimizing yield losses. These findings are consistent with trends for the hydrogenolysis of acyclic isoalkanes and seem likely to extend to C–X bond cleavage (where X = O, S, and N atoms) reactions during hydrotreating processes.
High-dose cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin as primary therapy in elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. A phase I-II study of the southeastern cancer study group (1989)

We undertook a phase I-II trial in elderly (age greater than or equal to 60 years) untreated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients using brief, intensive therapy to improve induction rates and overall survival in older AML patients. Twenty-one patients ranging in age from 60 to 81 years (median, 66 years) were treated using either a 4- or 5-day course of high-dose cytosine arabinoside, 3 g/m2 intravenously (IV) every 12 hours; followed by daunorubicin, 45 mg/m2/d IV bolus for 3 consecutive days. Thirteen patients were entered at the first dose level (a 4-day course or eight doses of cytosine arabinoside), whereas eight patients underwent therapy at the second dose level (a 5-day course or ten doses). Patients who achieved a complete remission received a repeat course of high-dose cytosine arabinoside and daunorubicin within 4 weeks of attaining remission. Seven patients had an antecedant history of a myelodysplastic syndrome. Infection was the major complication experienced by this elderly patient group, and included ten episodes of bacteremia or fungemia (four of which were fatal) and five cases of pneumonia (one fatality). Nine of the 21 patients (three of 13 at the first dose level and six of eight at the second dose level) achieved a complete remission. Median remission duration was 9 months (range, 4-19+ months). Although high-dose cytosine arabinoside plus daunorubicin was an effective antileukemic therapy, it is too toxic to recommend for most elderly leukemic patients.
The Ubiquitin Ligase SCF Fbw7 Antagonizes Apoptotic JNK Signaling (2004)

Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are essential for neuronal microtubule assembly and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of the activating protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor c-Jun, at multiple sites within its transactivation domain, is required for JNK-induced neurotoxicity. We report that in neurons the stability of c-Jun is regulated by the E3 ligase SCF(Fbw7), which ubiquitinates phosphorylated c-Jun and facilitates c-Jun degradation. Fbw7 depletion resulted in accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun, stimulation of AP1 activity, and neuronal apoptosis. SCF(Fbw7) therefore antagonizes the apoptotic c-Jun-dependent effector arm of JNK signaling, allowing neurons to tolerate potentially neurotoxic JNK activity.
Immunostimulant Patch Enhances Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Vaccine in Aged Mice (2004)

Improvement in the immune response to influenza virus vaccination in the elderly represents the primary unmet need in influenza virus vaccination. We have shown that topical application of immunostimulating (IS) patches containing heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT) enhances immune responses to injected vaccines. We extend these findings and show that LT-IS patch application enhances the antibody responses to influenza virus vaccination in both young and aged mice. LT-IS patches markedly increased influenza virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), hemagglutination inhibition antibody, mucosal antibody, and T-cell responses. The magnitude of the immune responses in aged mice receiving an LT-IS patch was equivalent to or greater than that of the immune responses in young mice given vaccine alone. These results suggest that addition of an LT-IS patch may compensate for the deficient immune function seen in the aged in response to influenza virus vaccination. Therefore, use of an LT-IS patch could be a new, safe, and simple immunization strategy that may significantly improve the outcome of influenza virus vaccination in the elderly.
Experience with the Use of an Iron Polymaltose (Dextrin) Complex Given by Single Total Dose Infusion to Stable Chronic Haemodialysis Patients (2002)

Low levels of iron deficiency are often unrecognized in chronic haemodialysis patients on conventional therapy including oral iron supplementation. In such patients, the use of total dose infusion of iron polymaltose (dextrin) is a safe and effective method of raising haemoglobin levels. Substantial improvements may be achieved without the concurrent use of rhEPO.
Lipid Raft-Mediated Entry Is Not Required for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection of Cultured Epithelial Cells (2004)

Using pharmacologic and biochemical criteria, we evaluated whether uptake of four different Chlamydia trachomatis serovars, D, E, K, and L2, was dependent upon lipid rafts. Our data suggest that lipid raft-mediated entry is not required for C. trachomatis infection of cultured epithelial cells.
Reference Range for Intrapatient Variability in Blood-Pool and Liver SUV for 18F-FDG PET (2013)

In our patient cohort, the reference range for intrapatient variation in blood-pool and liver SUVs is -0.8 to 0.9 and -0.9 to 1.1, respectively.
An α-Glucan of Pseudallescheria boydii Is Involved in Fungal Phagocytosis and Toll-like Receptor Activation (2006)

The host response to fungi is in part dependent on activation of evolutionarily conserved receptors, including toll-like receptors and phagocytic receptors. However, the molecular nature of fungal ligands responsible for this activation is largely unknown. Herein, we describe the isolation and structural characterization of an alpha-glucan from Pseudallescheria boydii cell wall and evaluate its role in the induction of innate immune response. These analyses indicate that alpha-glucan of P. boydii is a glycogen-like polysaccharide consisting of linear 4-linked alpha-D-Glcp residues substituted at position 6 with alpha-D-Glcp branches. Soluble alpha-glucan, but not beta-glucan, led to a dose-dependent inhibition of conidia phagocytosis. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the phagocytic index occurred when alpha-glucan from conidial surface was removed by enzymatic treatment with alpha-amyloglucosidase, thus indicating an essential role of alpha-glucan in P. boydii internalization by macrophages. alpha-Glucan stimulates the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and dendritic cells; again this effect is abolished by treatment with alpha-amyloglucosidase. Finally, alpha-glucan induces cytokine secretion by cells of the innate immune system in a mechanism involving toll-like receptor 2, CD14, and MyD88. These results might have relevance in the context of infections with P. boydii and other fungi, and alpha-glucan could be a target for intervention during fungal infections.