gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bone marrow lesion volume as a knee osteoarthritis biomarker - longitudinal relationships with pain and structural changes: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (2013)

Large baseline BMLs are associated with greater baseline knee pain, the presence of JSN at baseline, and disease progression. Additionally, BML regression is associated with decreased knee pain but not a reduced risk of concurrent JSN progression.
Ab initio and DFT computer studies of complexes of quaternary nitrogen cations: trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethylethylammonium, choline and acetylcholine with hydroxide, fluoride and chloride anions (2003)

Density functional theory (DFT by B3LYP) and ab initio (MP2) calculations are reported for complexes of the trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethylethylammonium, choline and acetylcholine cations with hydroxide, fluoride and chloride anions. Stable structures are predicted in which the anion is bonded to three hydrogen atoms directed away from the cationic head and on each of three methyl groups of these quaternary nitrogen compounds. These are described as reverse complexes and are compared with normal complexes between F− and Cl− and the N–H group in the first of these cations or alternatively between HF and HCl with (CH3)3N. Stable structures are optimised at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level in all cases and also at the MP2/6-31+G(d,p) level for all complexes studied other than those of choline and acetylcholine. The differences between the DFT and MP2 methods largely follow systematic patterns and are small. Calculated values of structures with reference to Y⋯H distances, binding energies and assignment of harmonic C–H–Y (Y = OH, F and Cl) and other cationic head C–H stretching modes are discussed. The effect of solvents of low (n-hexane) and high (water) relative permittivity on energies are reported and discussed in relation to pharmacological considerations. Some properties of the trans,trans; trans,gauche and gauche,trans conformations of the acetylcholine cation and fluoride are reported. Complexes between quaternary nitrogen cations and the hydroxide, fluoride and chloride anions are described as consequences of hydrogen bonds strengthened by interactions between ions of opposite polarity.
Lactate promotes glioma migration by TGF-β2–dependent regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (2008)

Lactate dehydrogenase type A (LDH-A) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing pyruvate into lactate and is excessively expressed by tumor cells. Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) is a key regulator of invasion in high-grade gliomas, partially by inducing a mesenchymal phenotype and by remodeling the extracellular matrix. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that lactate metabolism regulates TGF-beta2-mediated migration of glioma cells. Small interfering RNA directed against LDH-A (siLDH-A) suppresses, and lactate induces, TGF-beta2 expression, suggesting that lactate metabolism is strongly associated with TGF-beta2 in glioma cells. Here we demonstrate that TGF-beta2 enhances expression, secretion, and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and induces the cell surface expression of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) receptors. In spheroid and Boyden chamber migration assays, inhibition of MMP-2 activity using a specific MMP-2 inhibitor and blocking of integrin alpha(v)beta(3) abrogated glioma cell migration stimulated by TGF-beta2. Furthermore, siLDH-A inhibited MMP2 activity, leading to inhibition of glioma migration. Taken together, we define an LDH-A-induced and TGF-beta2-coordinated regulatory cascade of transcriptional regulation of MMP-2 and integrin alpha(v)beta(3). This novel interaction between lactate metabolism and TGF-beta2 might constitute a crucial mechanism for glioma migration.
Slack allocation techniques for intra-path load balancing (2007)

Network resource provisioning techniques need to perform both inter-path and intra-path load balancing to maximize the network's resource usage efficiency while supporting end-to-end QoS guarantees. This paper focuses on the intra-path load balancing problem: How to partition the end-to-end QoS requirement of an aggregate network flow along the links of a given path such that the deviation in the loads on these links is as small as possible? We propose a set of new algorithms, called Load-balancing Slack Allocation (LSA), to solve this QoS partitioning problem for unicast and multicast traffic. The key concept in the LSA algorithms is the notion of slack, which quantifies the flexibility available in partitioning the end-to-end QoS requirement across the links of a selected path or tree. We show that one can improve network resource usage efficiency by carefully selecting a slack partition that explicitly balances the loads on the underlying links. These algorithms can simultaneously partition multiple QoS requirements such as delay and delay violation probability bounds. A detailed simulation study demonstrates that, compared with previous approaches, the LSA algorithms can increase the total number of long-term flows that can be provisioned along a network path by up to 1.2 times for deterministic and 2.8 times for statistical delay guarantees.
Azidomethyl phenyl sulfide. A synthon for NH2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzidomethyl phenyl sulfide. A synthon for NH2Barry M. Trost and William H. PearsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 9, 2483–2485Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00399a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00399a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1039Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of cis-acting sequences responsible for phorbol ester induction of human serum amyloid A gene expression via a nuclear factor kappaB-like transcription factor. (1989)

We have analyzed the 5'-flanking region of one of the genes coding for the human acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA). We found that SAA mRNA could be increased fivefold in transfected cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). To analyze this observation further, we placed a 265-base-pair 5' SAA fragment upstream of the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and transfected this construct into HeLa cells. PMA treatment of these transient transfectants resulted in increased CAT expression. Nuclear proteins from PMA-treated HeLa cells bound to this DNA fragment, and methylation interference analysis showed that the binding was specific to the sequence GGGACTTTCC (between -82 and -91), a sequence previously described by R. Sen and D. Baltimore (Cell 46:705-716, 1986) as the binding site for the nuclear factor NF kappa B. In a cotransfection competition experiment, we could abolish PMA-induced CAT activity by using cloned human immunodeficiency virus long-terminal-repeat DNA containing the NF kappa B-binding sequence. The same long-terminal-repeat DNA containing mutant NF kappa B-binding sequences (G. Nabel and D. Baltimore, Nature [London] 326:711-713, 1987) did not affect CAT expression, which suggested that binding by an NF kappa B-like factor is required for increased SAA transcription.
Novel, side opened out-of-plane microneedles for microfluidic transdermal interfacing (2003)

We present the first hollow out of wafer plane silicon microneedles that have openings in the shaft rather than having an orifice at the tip. These structures are suited for transdermal microfluidic applications, e.g. drug- or vaccine delivery. The developed deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process allows fabrication of two dimensional, mechanically highly resistant needle arrays offering low resistance to liquid flows and offering a large exposure area between the fluid and the tissue. The presented process does not require much wafer handling and only two photolithography steps are needed. Using this chip in a typical application, e.g. vaccine delivery, a 100 /spl mu/l volume of aqueous fluid injected through a chip of 3/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/ in 2s would cause a pressure drop of less than 2kPa. The presented needles are approximately 210 /spl mu/m long.
Localization of the human insulin gene to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 11. (1981)

The human insulin gene was mapped by hybridization in situ of 3H-labeled recombinant plasmid pHIG900 to chromosome preparations in the presence of 10% dextran sulfate. pHIG900 contains a 900-base pair insert of human genomic DNA that includes the coding region for the C peptide and intervening sequence 2. A significant percentage of hybridized cells (34%) exhibited silver grains on the distal end of the short arm (band p15) of chromosome 11. Furthermore, silver grains on this region represented 26% of all chromosomal label. These results demonstrate chromosomal localization of the human insulin gene to 11p15.
Bladder and Ureteral Injury (1998)

Few complications of gynecologic surgery create more anxiety and medicolegal concerns than lower urinary tract injuries. Improved understanding of female urinary incontinence and pelvic floor defects enables the gynecologic surgeon to treat these problems effectively. The advent of advanced laparoscopic techniques allows performing complex operations. Initially, these procedures were concentrated among a few select centers, but, as more surgeons adopt these approaches, training and experience are variable. New techniques are accompanied by a learning curve and an increased number of complications can be expected.1-3 Pelvic surgery demands proficiency in all aspects of endoscopy. Prevention, identification, and treatment of complications are predicated on liberal use of cystoscopy.4 It is essential for all gynecologic surgeons to learn and have privileges in diagnostic cystoscopy. The increasing repertoire of gynecologic surgical procedures emphasizes the importance of understanding anatomy to prevent and manage lower urinary tract misadventures. When complications occur, it is paramount to recognize and treat them appropriately. Gynecologists should manage their own complications. Unusual or complex complications may require a colleague to help manage the problem, but this does not exonerate the primary surgeon from responsibility when problems develop. Urinary tract injuries are still regularly described in case reports.5-7 Surgical training of residents must emphasize the prevention and identification of urinary tract injury. Despite this, emphasis injury rates have remained constant for decades.8-10 The advent of newer, minimally invasive techniques, more aggressive urinary incontinence procedures, and pelvic floor reconstructive procedures may be associated with increased lower urinary tract injuries.11,12 Previous authors have placed emphasis on prevention and early injury recognition. This can only be achieved with diligent study, superior training, and constant vigilance.
A drive through cellular therapy for CLL in 2015: allogeneic cell transplantation and CARs (2015)

Over the past decade the development of safer reduced-intensity conditioning regimens, expanded donor pools, advances in supportive care, and prevention/management of graft-versus-host disease have expanded stem cell transplantation (SCT) availability for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. However, there are now increasingly active treatment options available for CLL patients with favorable toxicity profiles and convenient administration schedules. This raises the critical issue of whether or not attainment of cure remains a necessary goal. It is now less clear that treatment with curative intention and with significant toxicity is required for long-term survival in CLL. In addition, the demonstrated safety and activity of genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells present the opportunity of harnessing the power of the immune system to kill CLL cells without the need for SCT. We attempt to define the role of SCT in the era of targeted therapies and discuss questions that remain to be answered. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for exciting new cellular therapy using genetically modified anti-CD19 CAR T cells and discuss its potential to alter treatment paradigms for CLL.
A giga-scale assist-gate (AG)-AND-type flash memory cell with 20-MB/s programming throughput for content-downloading applications (2002)

Proposes a new AND-type flash memory cell with an assist gate (AG), which has achieved a 20-MB/s programming throughput. For high-speed parallel programming on the order of kilobytes, fast cell programming (10 ps) and an extremely low channel current (I/sub ds/ /spl les/ 100 nA/cell) are necessary. These features were achieved by using the low current source-side injection method in which the AG was used as a program gate. The memory cell size has also been reduced to 0.104 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ by taking advantage of an AG using field isolation and a self-aligned floating gate. These technologies are the keys to giga-scale flash memories, of which the main application is content downloading.
MRI macromolecular contrast agents as indicators of changed tumor blood flow (2001)

Background. A rapid mapping technique derived from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data was used to identify and characterize reduction of blood flow in fibrosarcoma SA-1 tumors treated either by application of electric pulses or vinblastine. Materials and methods. Tissue permeability surface area product (PS) and fractional blood volume (BV) were calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis using dynamic MRI intensity data after administration of gadomer- 17 or polylysine-Gd-DTPA; prototypic macromolecular contrast agents designed for blood pool enhancement. PS and BV values of untreated tumors were compared to those of tumors treated by local application of 8 electric pulses (amplitude/distance ratio, 1300 V/cm; duration, 100 ms, frequency, 1 Hz) percutaneously to the tumor or by systemic administration of vinblastine (2.5 mg/kg). Results. Both treatments transiently, but significantly reduced tumor blood flow, application of electric pulses to the tumors being by 40% more effective in reducing tumor blood flow than systemic administration of vinblastine. PS and BV values derived with polylysine-Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI were lower compared to those with gadomer-17, due to larger molecular size. Interestingly, Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI did not show any significant changes of PS and BV between untreated and treated tumors. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that dynamic contrast enhanced MRI can be effectively used to qualitatively monitor tumor blood flow, and quantitatively by means of BV and PS.
Environmental modulation of lipopolysaccharide chain length alters the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the neutrophil bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (1986)

We have shown previously that the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the neutrophil bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) depends mainly on the polysaccharide chain length of outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (J. Weiss, S. Beckerdite-Quagliata, and P. Elsbach, J. Clin. Invest. 65:619-628, 1980). Thus, rough strains of E. coli producing only short-chain LPS are more sensitive to BPI than smooth strains that produce LPS with varied chain lengths. We now show that changes in the bacterial growth environment can modify BPI sensitivity of smooth E. coli as much as 30-fold depending on the bacterial strain and the growth conditions examined. Changes in BPI sensitivity paralleled differences in binding affinity of E. coli for BPI and closely correlated with changes in the chain length of LPS produced under different growth conditions, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No concomitent changes in either the number of LPS molecules per cell or the bacterial protein profile were detected. Rough strains showed little or no growth-dependent variation in BPI sensitivity, further indicating that subtle alterations in bacterial constituents other than LPS do not significantly affect bacterial sensitivity to BPI. Thus, the BPI sensitivity of E. coli can be modulated not only by the genotypic conversion of the LPS phenotype, but also by environmental effects on LPS-polysaccharide formation in wild-type strains.
Tumour budding is associated with the mesenchymal colon cancer subtype and RAS/RAF mutations: a study of 1320 colorectal cancers with Consensus Molecular Subgroup (CMS) data (2018)

Tumour budding is an adverse prognostic factor across all CRC stages and is associated with the mesenchymal CMS4 phenotype. KRAS/BRAF mutations are strongly correlated with tumour budding suggesting their involvement in the regulation of this process.
Quantitative model of antibody- and soluble CD4-mediated neutralization of primary isolates and T-cell line-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1996)

Primary isolates (PI) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are considerably less sensitive than T-cell line-adapted strains to neutralization by soluble CD4 and by most cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to the viral envelope (Env) glycoprotein, as well as by postinfection and postvaccination sera (J. P. Moore and D. D. Ho, AIDS 9 [suppl. A]:5117-5136, 1995). We developed a quantitative model to explain the neutralization resistance of PI. The factors incorporated into the model are the dissociation constants for the binding of the neutralizing agent to native Env oligomers, the number of outer Env molecules on the viral surface (which decreases by shedding), and the minimum number of Env molecules required for attachment and fusion. We conclude that modest differences in all these factors can, when combined, explain a relative neutralization resistance of PI versus T-cell line-adapted strains that sometimes amounts to several orders of magnitude. The hypothesis that neutralization of HIV is due to the reduction below a minimum number of the Env molecules on a virion available for attachment and fusion is at odds with single- and few-hit neutralization theories. Our analysis of these ideas favors the hypothesis that neutralization of HIV is instead a competitive blocking of interactions with cellular factors, including adsorption receptors.
A three-phase power flow method for real-time distribution system analysis (1995)

This paper presents a three-phase power flow solution method for real-time analysis of primary distribution systems. This method is a direct extension of the compensation-based power flow method for weakly meshed distribution systems from single phase to three-phase, with the emphasis on modeling of dispersed generation (PV nodes), unbalanced and distributed loads, and voltage regulators and shunt capacitors with automatic local tap controls. The method proposed here is capable of addressing these modeling challenges while still maintaining a high execution speed required for real-time application in distribution automation systems. The paper also includes test results from the application of a computer program developed based on the proposed method to large primary electric distribution systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Survival time of Class II molar restorations in relation to patient and dental health insurance costs for treatment. (2002)

The aim was to evaluate the median survival time (MST) of direct molar class II restorations (glass ionomer, composite, amalgam) in the Nordic countries and the initial cost, as well as, the theoretical cost per year of function of treatment for patients, Social Insurance Office (SI), and total cost, at Public Dental Services (PDS) in Sweden. Restoration longevity studies conducted in general practice settings in the Nordic countries were used to calculate the MSTs of class II restorations. The initial costs were based on fee schedules from all PDS in Sweden. The MSTs of class II molar restorations in Nordic general practices were shortest for glass ionomer and longest for amalgam. Glass ionomer molar class II restorations had the lowest and composite restorations had the highest initial total cost at PDS in Sweden. The highest theoretical cost per year of function was seen for composite restorations. Amalgam restorations seem to have the longest functional lifetime in Nordic general practices and the lowest theoretical cost per year of function for the patients at PDS in Sweden.
Non alcoholic steatohepatitis a precursor for hepatocellular carcinoma development (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in prevalence and is one of the most common cancers in the world. Chief amongst the risks of attaining HCC are hepatitis B and C infection, aflatoxin B1 ingestion, alcoholism and obesity. The later has been shown to promote non alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can lead to the inflammatory form non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is a complex metabolic disorder that can impact greatly on hepatic function. The mechanisms by which NASH promotes HCC are only beginning to be characterized. Here in this review, we give an overview of the recent novel mechanisms published that have been associated with NASH and subsequent HCC progression. We will focus our discussion on inflammation and gut derived inflammation and how they contribute to NASH driven HCC.
Recent Experiments with INQUERY (1995)

Abstract : Past TREC experiments by the University of Massachusetts have focused primarily on ad hoc query creation. Substantial effort was directed towards automatically translating TREC topics into queries using a set of simple heuristics and query expansion. Less emphasis was placed on the routing task although results were generally good. The Spanish experiments in TREC-3 concentrated on simple indexing sophisticated stemming and simple methods of creating queries. The TREC-4 experiments were a departure from the past. The ad hoc experiments involved fine tuning existing approaches and modifications to the INQUERY term weighting algorithm. However, much of the research focus in TREC-4 was on the routing, Spanish, and collection merging experiments. These tracks more closely match our broader research interests in document routing document filtering distributed IR, and multilingual retrieval. The University of Massachusetts experiments were conducted with version 3.0 of the INQUERY information retrieval system. INQUERY is based on the Bayesian inference network retrieval model. It is described elsewhere [7, 5, 12, 11], so this paper focuses on relevant differences to the previously published algorithms.