gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine-induced chest pain in patients with silent and painful myocardiai ischaemia: another clue to the importance of generalized defective perception of painful stimuli as a cause of silent ischaemia (1988)

Adenosine is formed from adenosine triphosphate within the ischaemic cells from where it is released into the coronary circulation. Adenosine exhibits several cardiovascular effects which tend to protect the ischaemic myocardium. Based on the observation that in healthy volunteers the intravenous infusion of adenosine produces angina-like chest pain, it has been recently proposed that another cardioprotective action of this substance could be provocation of angina. If this is the case adenosine should not produce chest pain in patients with silent ischaemia. To test this hypothesis we infused this substance intravenously at increasing doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 micrograms kg-1 min-1 in eight patients with silent ischaemia (group A). All of them developed ST depression (1.8 +/- 0.2 mm) during exercise testing and seven also during adenosine infusion (1.1 +/- 0.8 mm). However, none of the patients had chest pain during exercise while seven had chest pain during adenosine. We then infused adenosine in eight other patients (Group B) who had painful ischaemia and an exercise tolerance similar to that of Group A patients (time to 1 mm ST depression 8.6 +/- 2.7 min and 8.4 +/- 3 min, respectively, P = NS). Adenosine induced chest pain in all Group B patients. The time to pain onset during adenosine was similar in the two groups (9.3 +/- 2.3 min in Group B and 12.4 +/- 4.9 min in Group A).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clustering of Video Objects by Graph Matching (2005)

We propose a new graph-based data structure, called Spatio Temporal Region Graph (STRG) which can represent the content of video sequence. Unlike existing ones which consider mainly spatial information in the frame level of video, the proposed STRG is able to formulate its temporal information in the video level additionally. After an STRG is constructed from a given video sequence, it is decomposed into its subgraphs called Object Graphs (OGs), which represent the temporal characteristics of video objects. For unsupervised learning, we cluster similar OGs into a group, in which we need to match two OGs. For this graph matching, we introduce a new distance measure, called Extended Graph Edit Distance (EGED), which can handle the temporal characteristics of OGs. For actual clustering, we exploit Expectation Maximization (EM) with EGED. The experiments have been conducted on real video streams, and their results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed schemes.
Which subgroup of patients with rheumatoid arthritis benefits from switching to rituximab versus alternative anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents after previous failure of an anti-TNF agent? (2009)

This observational study suggests that in patients with RA who have stopped a previous aTNF treatment because of ineffectiveness changing to RTX is more effective than switching to an alternative aTNF.
A nucleotide insertion and frameshift cause albumin Kénitra, an extended and O‐glycosylated mutant of human serum albumin with two additional disulfide bridges (2001)

Albumin Kenitra is a new type of genetic variant of human serum albumin that has been found in two members of a family of Sephardic Jews from Kenitra (Morocco). The slow-migrating variant and the normal protein were isolated by anion-exchange chromatography and, after treatment with CNBr, the digests were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. The CNBr peptides of the variant were purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and submitted to sequence analysis. Albumin Kenitra is peculiar because it has an elongated polypeptide chain, 601 residues instead of 585, and its sequence is modified beginning from residue 575. DNA structural studies showed that the variant is caused by a single-base insertion, an adenine at nucleotide position 15 970 in the genomic sequence, which leads to a frameshift with the subsequent translation to the first termination codon of exon 15. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the four additional cysteine residues of the variant form two new S-S bridges and showed that albumin Kenitra is partially O-glycosylated by a monosialylated HexHexNAc structure. This oligosaccharide chain has been located to Thr596 by amino-acid sequence analysis of the tryptic fragment 592-597.
Anin vitroblood–brain barrier model: Cocultures between endothelial cells and organotypic brain slice cultures (1998)

This communication describes a novel in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model: organotypic slice cultures from the central nervous system were overlaid on endothelial cell monolayers grown on permeable membranes. Morphological, electrophysiological, and microdialysis approaches were carried out to characterize and validate this model. After 10 days in coculture, morphological studies reveal the presence of tight junctions. Electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activity performed on organotypic cultures with or without an endothelial cell monolayer show that amplitude of evoked responses were comparable, indicating good viability of cocultures after 2 weeks. Perfusion of known BBB permeable or nonpermeable molecules was used to test the coculture tightness in conjunction with electrophysiological or microdialysis approaches: application of glutamate (Glu), which doesn't easily cross the BBB, triggers off rhythmic activity only in control cultures, whereas epileptogenic activity was observed in both control cultures and cocultures during perfusions with picrotoxin, a molecule that can diffuse through the BBB. Finally, the microdialysis technique was used to determine the permeability of molecules coming from the perfusion chamber: L-dopa, dopamine, and Glu were employed to assess the selective permeability of the coculture model. Thus, these results indicate that the in vitro model described possesses characteristics similar to those of the BBB in situ and that cocultures of organotypic slices and endothelial cell monolayers have potential as a powerful tool for studying biochemical mechanisms regulating BBB function and drug delivery to the central nervous system.
Design and analysis of a dynamically reconfigurable three-dimensional FPGA (2001)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a dynamically reconfigurable field programmable gate array (FPGA) that consists of three physical layers: routing and logic block layer, routing layer, and memory layer. The architecture was developed using a methodology that examines different architectural parameters and how they affect different performance criteria such as speed, area, and reconfiguration time. The resulting architecture has high performance while the requirement of balancing the areas of its constituent layers is satisfied.
Methyl green-pyronin Y staining of nucleic acids: studies on the effects of staining time, dye composition and diffusion rates (2003)

Since the introduction of the methyl green-pyronin Y procedure as a differential histological stain more than 100 years ago, the method has become a histochemical procedure for differential demonstration of DNA and RNA. Numerous variants of the procedure have been suggested, and a number of hypotheses have been put forward concerning kinetics and binding mechanisms. Using both filter paper models containing DNA, RNA or heparin and histological sections, we have attempted to evaluate the kinetics of staining and the role of staining time for methyl green and pyronin Y by applying the dyes individually, simultaneously and sequentially. The results are presented as color charts approximating the observed staining patterns using a computerized palette. Our results indicate unequivocally that the differential staining is not time-dependent, but that it is dictated by the relative concentrations of methyl green and pyronin Y and by the pH of the staining solution.
Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome by Heart Rate Variability Analysis (1999)

Time-domain HRV analysis may represent an accurate and inexpensive screening tool in clinically suspected OSAS patients and may help focus resources on those at the highest risk.
<title>Channel model for a watermark attack</title> (1999)

Digital watermarking of multimedia (e.g., audio, images, video, etc.) can be viewed as a communications problem in which the watermark must be transmitted and received through a 'watermark channel.' The watermark channel includes distortions resulting from attacks and may include interference from the original digital data. Most current techniques for embedding digital watermarks in multimedia (e.g., audio, images, video, etc.) are based on spread spectrum (SS), although the connection is not always explicit. Current analyses of the watermarking channel are typically limited to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. However, new channel distortions not considered in classical SS are now possible. This paper describes several such manipulations and focuses on signal re-indexing (i.e., re- ordering of samples). The re-indexing channel is shown to behave like a linear filter on average, and the optimal detector, which has linear complexity, is derived. The channel is studied further for the case of spatial direct-sequence SS watermarks. For the conventional detector, it can yield a probability of bit error (P<SUB>E</SUB>) of 0.5, the worst possible case. A linear prefilter or the optimal (maximum-likelihood can be used for re-synchronization and reduction of P<SUB>E</SUB>. Both methods are analyzed and compared with experimental results. These results include both synthetic data and standard test images and video.
Gene therapy vector-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factors protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and enhances neovascularization (2003)

IGF-I and IGF-II are single-chain polypeptide growth factors that regulate pleiotropic cellular responses. We have characterized the effect of recombinant IGF proteins, as well as third-generation adenoviral vectors encoding either IGF-I or IGF-II genes, on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and on angiogenesis. We found that endothelial cells cultured in the presence of the extracellular protein laminin exhibit a robust response to IGF-I and -II proteins via enhanced cell migration and angiogenic outgrowth. Furthermore, IGF vectors greatly enhanced neovascularization in an in vivo Matrigel model. Transduction of cardiomyocytes with the IGF adenoviral vectors resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in the expression of IGF-I or IGF-II protein. This correlated with abrogation of apoptosis induced by ischemia-reoxygenation, ceramide, or heat shock with optimal inhibition of approximately 80%. We conclude that gene transfer of IGF-I and IGF-II is a plausible strategy for the local delivery of IGFs to treat ischemic heart disease and heart failure by stimulating angiogenesis and protecting cardiomyocytes from cell death.
Pharmacological Influence on Inner Ear Endothelial Cells in Relation to the Pathogenesis of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2002)

Despite an increasing incidence of acute sensorineural hearing loss, the pathogenesis of this disease remains uncertain. While viral infection of the stria vascularis, organ of Corti or spiral ganglion cells is discussed in the American literature, a vascular genesis with resulting impaired perfusion of the inner ear is favoured by European investigators. Although both hypotheses are supported by different therapeutic strategies to regain normal hearing, the influence of spontaneous remission remains unclear. This study aims at combining these seemingly opposing concepts with the assumption of an immunologically mediated vasculitis with consequent cochlear hypoperfusion. We already know from other organs that during viral vasculitis circulating immunoglobulins are deposited perivascularly, which leads to a local decrease in perfusion and tissue hypoxia. Also in autoimmune diseases, perivasculitis is common with the endothelium playing a major role at the initial stages of the disease. These endothelial cells promote vasculitis by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-6 or TNF-alpha in addition to the expression of adhesion molecules. Due to the persistence of these immunopathological mechanisms stenosis or atresia with ischaemic necrosis results. To examine whether this pathomechanism is also important in inner ear dysfunction, the immunological response after stimulation of the cochlear endothelium of guinea pigs was determined. In addition, the influence of corticosteroids on this immune cascade was examined.
Directed endothelial differentiation of cultured embryonic yolk sac cells in vivo provides a novel cell‐based system for gene therapy (1995)

Cultured murine yolk sac cells transfected with the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/human growth hormone (CMVIE-hGH) fusion gene, expressing high levels of hGH in culture, and suspended in Matrigel were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected into experimental mice. The injected cells were shown to form discrete vesicular structures within the Matrigel implant, suggesting directed differentiation of the embryonic yolk sac cells into endothelial tissue. Human growth hormone radioimmune assay of these mice showed sustained physiologically significant levels of hGH in their serum for beyond four months. These results confirmed that long-term cultured murine embryonic yolk sac cells can be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro and suggested a novel approach to the delivery to the circulation of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of inherited and acquired diseases.
Dopamine selective molecularly imprinted polymers via post-imprinting modification (2006)

A novel synthetic dopamine receptor bearing bidentate binding sites were prepared by covalent imprinting using a disulfide linkage which is cleaved and oxidized to a non-covalent sulfoxide recognition group. The used templates have dopamine-like structures connected to an allyl moiety via a disulfide and to a 4-vinylphenyl group via a cyclic boronic diester. After the polymerization, the ester bonds were hydrolyzed and the disulfide bond was reduced to remove the template moiety from the polymer matrix, followed by the oxidation to transform the thiol residues into sulfonic acid (post imprinted process). The imprinted polymer adsorbed dopamine selectively in aqueous solution with the two-point interaction, i.e. the formation of cyclic boronic diester and electrostatic interaction with the sulfonic acid residue.
1D moiré shapes by superposed layers of micro-lenses (2019)

Two superposed layers of transparent cylindrical lenslet gratings create classical moiré fringes, when illuminated from behind. We rely on this observation to conceive special devices made of superposed lenslet gratings that produce animated moirés when they are tilted against the light. One-dimensional moirés can show a message moving back and forth along a given direction or radially expanding towards the exterior of a disk. These 1D moirés are conceived by fabricating two layers of micro-lenses on both sides of a transparent substrate. The top layer is a rectilinear grating of cylindrical lenslets and the bottom layer is an arrangement of smaller lenslets of different sizes and orientations that create a high contrast. Moirés created by superpositions of lenslets are visually striking and can be challenging to fabricate. Therefore they have a high potential for art, decoration, and document security.
Novel Ruthenium-Based Catalyst Systems for the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Low-Strain Cyclic Olefins (1997)

Highly active catalyst systems for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of strained (norbornene) and low-strain (cyclooctene) olefins are readily prepared from RuCl2(arene)(PR3) precursors (directly available by addition of a phosphine to the stable [(arene)RuCl2]2 dimers) after activation with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. Durene or p-cymene as arene ligands, together with a sterically demanding basic phosphine (typically tricyclohexylphosphine), promoted the formation of the most active polymerization catalysts. The effects of arene and phosphine ligands and of the solvent on polynorbornene and polyoctenamer molecular weight distributions and microstructures were investigated. The excellent functional group compatibility of the catalyst system was illustrated by the synthesis of a variety of polyoctenamers bearing epoxide, acid, ether, ester, acetal, and bromine functionalities. The polymers were isolated in quite good yields. The striking positional influence of the functional group on the polymerization was revealed by comparing two 4,5-substituted cyclooctenes with the corresponding allylic derivatives. Sulfide and azide functionalities in the monomers resulted in a deactivation of the catalyst. The characterization of the polymers by IR- and NMR-spectroscopies revealed a lack of high regio- and stereospecificity in the propagation step.
Protein Engineering with Non-Natural Amino Acids (2012)

Among all biomolecules in living cells, proteins represent a group with highly divergent biological functions. These include maintaining structural integrity, catalyzing most chemical reactions in vivo, regulating cellular responses via signal transduction, and targeting foreign molecules via the immune system. Because of these diverse functions and associated applications, protein engineering has been a field for intense academic research and biopharmaceutical drug development. However, proteins made by nature are generally composed of only 20 canonical amino acids. The recently developed technology to incorporate non-natural amino acids (NNAAs) into proteins at specifically chosen sites represents an extremely powerful tool for protein engineering. Unlike traditional protein engineering with the 20 canonical amino acids as building blocks, protein engineering with NNAAs has nearly unlimited novel side-chain structures to choose from. Coupled with rapid advances in protein structure computation and bioorthogonal chemical reactions, proteins with tailored properties or novel functions beyond natural or directed evolution are becoming a reality.
Bioconjugating Thiols to Poly(acrylamide) Gels for Cell Culture Using Methylsulfonyl Co‐monomers (2016)

Poly(acrylamide) P(AAm) gels have become relevant model substrates to study cell response to the mechanical and biochemical properties of the cellular microenvironment. However, current bioconjugation strategies to functionalize P(AAm) gels, mainly using photoinduced arylazide coupling, show poor specificity and hinder conclusive studies of material properties and cellular responses. We describe methylsulfonyl-containing P(AAm) hydrogels for cell culture. These gels allow easy, specific and functional covalent coupling of thiol containing bioligands in tunable concentrations under physiological conditions, while retaining the same swelling, porosity, cytocompatibility, and low protein adsorption of P(AAm) gels. These materials allow quantitative and standardized studies of cell-materials interactions with P(AAm) gels.
Comparative study of joint-detection techniques for TD-CDMA based mobile radio systems (2001)

Third-generation mobile radio systems use time division-code division multiple access (TD-CDMA) in their time division duplex (TDD) mode. Due to the time division multiple access (TDMA) component of TD-CDMA, joint (or multi-user) detection techniques can be implemented with a reasonable complexity. Therefore, joint-detection will already be implemented in the first phase of the system deployment to eliminate the intracell interference. In a TD-CDMA mobile radio system, joint-detection is performed by solving a least squares problem, where the system matrix has a block-Sylvester structure. We present and compare several techniques that reduce the computational complexity of the joint-detection task even further by exploiting this block-Sylvester structure and by incorporating different approximations. These techniques are based on the Cholesky factorization, the Levinson algorithm, the Schur algorithm, and on Fourier techniques, respectively. The focus of this paper is on Fourier techniques since they have the smallest computational complexity and achieve the same performance as the joint-detection algorithm that does not use any approximations. Similar to the well-known implementation of fast convolutions, the resulting Fourier-based joint-detection scheme also uses a sequence of fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and overlapping. It is well suited for the implementation on parallel hardware architectures.
Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review (2010)

Soil bacteria are very important in biogeochemical cycles and have been used for crop production for decades. Plant–bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere are the determinants of plant health and soil fertility. Free-living soil bacteria beneficial to plant growth, usually referred to as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are capable of promoting plant growth by colonizing the plant root. PGPR are also termed plant health promoting rhizobacteria (PHPR) or nodule promoting rhizobacteria (NPR). These are associated with the rhizosphere, which is an important soil ecological environment for plant–microbe interactions. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria include the cyanobacteria of the genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Mesorhizobium. Free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria or associative nitrogen fixers, for example bacteria belonging to the species Azospirillum, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, have been shown to attach to the root and efficiently colonize root surfaces. PGPR have the potential to contribute to sustainable plant growth promotion. Generally, PGPR function in three different ways: synthesizing particular compounds for the plants, facilitating the uptake of certain nutrients from the soil, and lessening or preventing the plants from diseases. Plant growth promotion and development can be facilitated both directly and indirectly. Indirect plant growth promotion includes the prevention of the deleterious effects of phytopathogenic organisms. This can be achieved by the production of siderophores, i.e. small metal-binding molecules. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens and the synthesis of antibiotics have also been reported in several bacterial species. Another mechanism by which PGPR can inhibit phytopathogens is the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and/or fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, e.g., chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase. Direct plant growth promotion includes symbiotic and non-symbiotic PGPR which function through production of plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid. Production of indole-3-ethanol or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the compounds belonging to auxins, have been reported for several bacterial genera. Some PGPR function as a sink for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants, by hydrolyzing it into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, and in this way promote root growth by lowering indigenous ethylene levels in the micro-rhizo environment. PGPR also help in solubilization of mineral phosphates and other nutrients, enhance resistance to stress, stabilize soil aggregates, and improve soil structure and organic matter content. PGPR retain more soil organic N, and other nutrients in the plant–soil system, thus reducing the need for fertilizer N and P and enhancing release of the nutrients.