gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toughened thermoplastic composite. I. Cross‐linkable phenol formaldehyde and epoxy resins‐coated cellulosic‐filled polypropylene composites (1993)

Abstract Composites of polypropylene (PP) or maleic‐anhydride‐modified polypropylene (MAH‐PP) with uncoated or thermosetting resincoated sawdust or explosion pulp (V‐pulp) were prepared by dynamic cross‐linking and their properties were compared to those of unmodified and uncross‐linked composites. The effects of modification and dynamic cross‐linking on the interfacial adhesion between polymer and filler have also been investigated by a solvent extraction study and microscopic analysis. The new method of dynamic cross‐linking in combination with the additional effect of compatibilization suggests a practical route to obtain high‐strength, toughened thermoplastic composites. Dynamically cross‐linked epoxyor phenolic resin‐coated sawdust or V‐pulp that can be grafted or can have affinity to MAH‐PP was found to improve tensile strength as well as elongation at yield point. The tensile toughness of the dynamically cross‐linked‐compatibilized composites is better than that of an uncross‐linked composite of MAH‐PP and sawdust. The improved toughness of the dynamically cured composites appears to be that further chemical bonds form between coated filler and MAH‐PP in addition to grafting of MAH‐PP onto cellulose chain. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Antitubercular Activity of Triterpenoids from Lippia turbinata (2000)

Assay-guided fractionation of the antitubercular MeOH-CH(2)Cl(2) extract obtained from Lippia turbinata led to the isolation of four novel triterpenoids-3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-oyloxy)olean-12-ene-28-oic acid (1); 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (2); 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha,21alpha-dihydroxy-22beta-tigloyloxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (3); and 3beta,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-(2-methylbutan-1-oyloxy)olean-12-ene-28-oic acid (4)-together with the known triterpenoids lantanilic acid (5), camaric acid (6), lantanolic acid (7), and rehmannic acid (8). The MIC values of 1-8 for growth inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined in the radiorespirometric BACTEC system.
Combination of intravenously infused methylene blue and inhaled nitric oxide ameliorates endotoxin-induced lung injury in awake sheep (2003)

In sheep, methylene blue/inhaled nitric oxide protects more efficiently against acute lung injury than inhaled nitric oxide alone, as indicated by a milder pulmonary hypertension, less extravascular lung water accumulation, and maintained gas exchange.
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: are neuropeptides the key? (1999)

Progressive wasting is common in many types of cancer and is one of the most important factors leading to early death in cancer patients. Weight loss is a potent stimulus to food intake in normal humans and animals. The persistence of anorexia in cancer patients, therefore, implies a failure of this adaptive feeding response, although the weight loss in the patients differs from that found in simple starvation. Tremendous progress has been made in the last 5 years with regard to the regulation of feeding and body weight. It has been demonstrated that leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is an integral component of the homeostatic loop of body weight regulation. Leptin acts to control food intake and energy expenditure via neuropeptidergic effector molecules within the hypothalamus. Complex interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems affect the loop and induce behavioral and metabolic responses. A number of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 1 and 6, IFN-gamma, leukemia inhibitory factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor have been proposed as mediators of the cachectic process. Cytokines may play a pivotal role in long-term inhibition of feeding by mimicking the hypothalamic effect of excessive negative feedback signaling from leptin. This could be done by persistent stimulation of anorexigenic neuropeptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor, as well as by inhibition of the neuropeptide Y orexigenic network that consists of opioid peptides and galanin, in addition to the newly identified melanin-concentrating hormone, orexin, and agouti-related peptide. Information is being gathered, although it is still insufficient, on such abnormalities in the hypothalamic neuropeptide circuitry in tumor-bearing animals that coincide with the development of anorexia and cachexia. Characterization of the feeding-associated gene products have revealed new biochemical pathways and molecular targets for pharmacological intervention that will likely lead to new treatments. Although therapeutic intervention using neuropeptide agonists/antagonists is now directed at obesity treatment, it may also have an effect on treating cancer anorexia-cachexia, especially when combined with other agents that have effects on muscle and protein breakdown.
1F7 (CD26): a marker of thymic maturation involved in the differential regulation of the CD3 and CD2 pathways of human thymocyte activation (1991)

We have recently shown that solid-phase immobilization of anti-1F7 recognizing the 110-kDa CD26 Ag is comitogenic for human peripheral blood T cell activation via both the CD3 and CD2 pathways. We have also demonstrated that binding of anti-1F7 leads to the disappearance of CD26 surface expression, and this anti-1F7-induced modulation results in an increase in anti-CD3 or anti-CD2-mediated peripheral blood T cell activation. In this report, we extended these findings by examining the expression and functional relationship of 1F7 on the CD3 and CD2 pathways of activation of human thymocytes. We now demonstrated that most of the anti-1F7 reactivity is found on medullary thymocytes, the population of thymocytes expressing high level of CD3 (CD3H). We have also shown that binding of anti-1F7 can induce a decrease in CD26 surface expression, with no detectable effect on the surface expression of CD3 or CD2. Most importantly, we showed that solid-phase immobilization of anti-1F7 has a comitogenic effect on thymocyte activation induced by anti-CD3 but not anti-CD2. In addition, anti-1F7-induced modulation of CD26 results in an enhancement in CD3-mediated but not CD2-mediated human thymocyte activation. The observed functional effect of CD26 on the CD3/TCR pathway of activation is mainly restricted to mature thymocytes as distinguished by high surface expression of CD5, although CD26 is also functionally associated with the CD3/TCR pathway on cells expressing low level of CD5. Demonstrating that CD26 involvement in the regulation of human thymocyte activation is restricted mainly to the CD3 pathway, unlike its involvement with both the CD3 and CD2 pathways of mature peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation, our data hence suggested that CD26 may play a role in thymic differentiation and maturation via the differential engagement of the CD3 pathway.
A Miniature Analytical Instrument for Nucleic Acids Based on Micromachined Silicon Reaction Chambers (1998)

In this paper, we describe a miniature analytical thermal cycling instrument (MATCI) to amplify and detect DNA via the polymerase chain reaction in real-time. The MATCI is an integrated, miniaturized analytical system that uses silicon-based, high-efficiency reaction chambers with integrated heaters and simple, inexpensive electronics to precisely control the reaction temperatures. Optical windows in the silicon and solid-state, diode-based detection components are employed to perform real-time fluorescence monitoring of product DNA production. The entire system fits into a briefcase and runs on rechargeable batteries. The applications of this miniaturized nucleic acid analysis system include clinical, research, environmental, and agricultural analyses as well as others which require rapid, portable, and accurate analysis of biological samples for nucleic acids. This paper describes the MATCI and presents results from ultrafast thermal cycling and real-time PCR detection. Examples include human genes and pathogenic viruses and bacteria.
A Dipicolinic Acid Tag for Rigid Lanthanide Tagging of Proteins and Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy (2008)

A new lanthanide tag was designed for site-specific labeling of proteins with paramagnetic lanthanide ions. The tag, 4-mercaptomethyl-dipicolinic acid, binds lanthanide ions with nanomolar affinity, is readily attached to proteins via a disulfide bond, and avoids the problems of diastereomer formation associated with most of the conventional lanthanide tags. The high lanthanide affinity of the tag opens the possibility to measure residual dipolar couplings in a single sample containing a mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic lanthanides. Using the DNA-binding domain of the E. coli arginine repressor as an example, it is demonstrated that the tag allows immobilization of the lanthanide ion in close proximity of the protein by additional coordination of the lanthanide by a carboxyl group of the protein. The close proximity of the lanthanide ion promotes accurate determinations of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensors. In addition, the small size of the tag makes it highly suitable for studies of intermolecular interactions.
Reversal of RNA missplicing and myotonia after muscleblind overexpression in a mouse poly(CUG) model for myotonic dystrophy (2006)

RNA-mediated pathogenesis is a recently developed disease model that proposes that certain types of mutant genes produce toxic transcripts that inhibit the activities of specific proteins. This pathogenesis model was proposed first for the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy (DM), which is associated with the expansion of structurally related (CTG)(n) and (CCTG)(n) microsatellites in two unrelated genes. At the RNA level, these expansions form stable hairpins that alter the pre-mRNA splicing activities of two antagonistic factor families, the MBNL and CELF proteins. It is unclear which altered activity is primarily responsible for disease pathogenesis and whether other factors and biochemical pathways are involved. Here, we show that overexpression of Mbnl1 in vivo mediated by transduction of skeletal muscle with a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector rescues disease-associated muscle hyperexcitability, or myotonia, in the HSA(LR) poly(CUG) mouse model for DM. Myotonia reversal occurs concurrently with restoration of the normal adult-splicing patterns of four pre-mRNAs that are misspliced during postnatal development in DM muscle. Our results support the hypothesis that the loss of MBNL1 activity is a primary pathogenic event in the development of RNA missplicing and myotonia in DM and provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies designed either to overexpress MBNL1 or inhibit MBNL1 interactions with CUG and CCUG repeat expansions.
Small Part Heel Pad Replantation-One Case Report (2000)

Heel pad replantation is very rarely performed due to difficulties associated with a lack of available vessels in the amputee, insufficiency in the venous return, and massive bleeding after the operation. We report a case of successful heel pad replantation in a 3.5-year-old boy. The arteriole was identified, dissected via a blood stain point, and directly repaired. A vein was transferred from the dorsum of the foot to establish the back flow of the venule. Two nerve branches were repaired at the same time. No transfusion was required due to mininal blood loss. With long-term follow up, he can walk on the whole foot and has experienced normal growth, as well as good touch and pressure sensations. We believe that if a limb amputation occurred in a child it should be treated aggressively.
Rapid disuse and denervation atrophy involve transcriptional changes similar to those of muscle wasting during systemic diseases (2006)

We previously identified a common set of genes, termed atrogenes, whose expression is coordinately induced or suppressed in muscle during systemic wasting states (fasting, cancer cachexia, renal failure, diabetes). To determine whether this transcriptional program also functions during atrophy resulting from loss of contractile activity and whether atrogene expression correlates with the rate of muscle weight loss, we used cDNA microarrays and RT-polymerase chain reaction to analyze changes in mRNA from rat gastrocnemius during disuse atrophy induced by denervation or spinal cord isolation. Three days after Den or SI, the rate of muscle weight loss was greatest, and 78% of the atrogenes identified during systemic catabolic states were induced or repressed. Of particular interest were the large inductions of key ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 (35- to 44-fold) and MuRF1 (12- to 22-fold), and the suppression of PGC-1alpha and PGC-1beta coactivators (15-fold). When atrophy slowed (day 14), the expression of 92% of these atrogenes returned toward basal levels. At 28 days, the atrophy-inducing transcription factor, FoxO1, was still induced and may be important in maintaining the "atrophied" state. Thus, 1) the atrophy associated with systemic catabolic states and following disuse involves similar transcriptional adaptations; and 2) disuse atrophy proceeds through multiple phases corresponding to rapidly atrophying and atrophied muscles that involve distinct transcriptional patterns.
Two base changes restore infectivity to a noninfectious molecular clone of Moloney murine leukemia virus (pMLV-1) (1984)

The complete nucleotide sequence of a molecular clone of Moloney murine leukemia virus (pMLV-1) has previously been reported (Shinnick et al., Nature [London] 293:543-548, 1981). However, pMLV-1 does not generate infectious virus after transfection into cells (Berns et al., J. Virol. 36:254-263, 1980). The lesion in pMLV-1 has been localized by determining the biological activity of recombinants containing DNA from an infectious clone of Moloney murine leukemia virus (pMLV-48) and pMLV-1. Replacement of a 1.0-kilobase pair region which spans the gag-pol junction of pMLV-1 with the corresponding DNA fragment from the infectious clone restores its infectivity. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this fragment obtained from the infectious clone (pMLV-48) and pMLV-1 reveals two single base pair changes, one in the p30gag gene and the other in the 5' end of the pol gene. The mutation in the pol gene does not affect the production of infectious virus but renders them XC negative, whereas the mutation in the gag gene appears to be lethal. The complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of Moloney murine leukemia virus can now be deduced.
N,O-heterocycles. Part 18. Regiochemistry and site selectivity of N-alkylhydroxylamine addition to 2,3-diphenylcyclopropenone (1987)

This paper evaluates the reactivity of 2,3-diphenylcyclopropenone [CPO, (1)] towards N-alkylhydroxylamines and 2,2-dimethylnitrosoethane (4). CPO preferentially affords 2-methyl-4,5-diphenylisoxazol-3(2H)-one when it is treated with N-methylhydroxylamine, while treatment with higher homologues gives rise to acyclic products. 3,4-Diphenyl-2-t-butylisoxazol-5(2H)-one is formed when substrate (1) reacts with (4). The formation of the products is strongly affected by the oxidizing power of the α-nucleophiles which drive the population of the observed reaction channels from the 1,2 or 1,4 adducts initially formed. A general mechanism is proposed whereby isoxazolones are formed from CPO and both nitroso compounds and hydroxylamine.
Bioreactors for Extracorporeal Liver Support (2006)

Hybrid extracorporeal liver support is an option to assist liver transplantation therapy. An overview on liver cell bioreactors is given and our own development is described. Furthermore, the prospects of the utilization of human liver cells from discarded transplantation organs due to steatosis, cirrhosis, or traumatic injury, and liver progenitor cells are discussed. Our Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support (MELS) concept proposes an integrative approach for the treatment of hepatic failure with appropriate extracorporeal therapy units, tailored to suit the actual clinical needs of each patient. The CellModule is a specific bioreactor (charged actually with primary human liver cells, harvested from human donor livers found to be unsuitable for transplantation). The DetoxModule enables albumin dialysis for the removal of albumin-bound toxins, reducing the biochemical burden of the liver cells and replacing the bile excretion of hepatocytes in the bioreactor. A Dialysis Module for continuous veno-venous hemofiltration can be added to the system if required in hepato-renal syndrome.
Biotechnological Prospects for Engineering Insect-Resistant Plants (2008)

Insect-resistant crops have been one of the major successes of applying plant genetic engineering technology to agriculture; cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) resistant to lepidopteran larvae (caterpillars) and maize (Zea mays) resistant to both lepidopteran and coleopteran larvae (rootworms) have become widely used in global agriculture and have led to reductions in pesticide usage and lower production costs
Gene expression domains as markers in developmental toxicity studies using mammalian embryo culture (1997)

We are examining the hypothesis that expression domains of developmental control genes may be informative markers in mammalian embryo culture studies of developmental toxicity. Expression domains might be altered directly by chemical exposure, or might reflect developmental abnormality prior to any overt morphological defect. Whole-mount in situ hybridization using digoxygenin-labeled RNA probes was used to monitor the regions of expression of Hoxb-4, Pax-3 and Emx-2. These genes were selected because of their different restrictions within the developing CNS; Hoxb-4 for its anterior margin in the hindbrain, Pax-3 for its dorso-ventral pattern in the spinal cord, and Emx-2 for being restricted to a portion of the forebrain. Valproic acid was used as a prototype developmental toxicant because of its known actions on neural tube closure and on segmentation. For patterns of expression, we made three comparisons, between: rat in vivo developed embryos and published descriptions for mouse; rat cultured and in vivo; control and valproate exposed. For these genes, there were no differences between domains of expression in rat and mouse, nor between rat cultured and in vivo embryos. In valproate-exposed embryos, some domains were spatially abnormal, for example Pax-3 in the neural crest, but this was coincident with structural defects induced by the treatment. There was no indication, for these three genes, and this teratogen, that treatment caused any shifts in boundaries of expression, nor induced any ectopic domains, even though exposures induced overt malformation.
Enhancing vaccines with immune stimulatory CpG DNA. (2001)

Certain vertebrate immune cells have evolved receptors that detect the presence of pathogen DNA based on its content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts. This 'CpG DNA' acts as a 'danger signal', triggering protective innate and acquired immune responses. The activity of CpG DNA can be mimicked with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, which when added to a vaccine greatly boost the resulting immune response.
Tophus burden reduction with pegloticase: results from phase 3 randomized trials and open-label extension in patients with chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy (2013)

NCT00325195, NCT01356498.
Platelet Adhesion, Release and Aggregation in Flowing Blood: Effects of Surface Properties and Platelet Function. (1976)

Platelet adhesion to natural and artificial surfaces and adhesion-induced aggregation were investigated in vitro using an annular perfusion chamber. The surfaces were exposed to anticoagulated blood under identical flow conditions (approximately arterial shear rates). The initial attachment of platelets (contact) appeared less surface specific than spreading and release. Fibrillar collagen was the most powerful inducer of platelet degranulation whereas elastin, microfibrils and epon were virtually inactive. Fibrillar collagen caused release also in the absence of spreading. Surface coverage with platelets did not exceed 25% unless spreading occurred. Perfusion with platelet-free plasma or platelet-poor blood did not remove adhering platelets. However, platelets were translocated from mural thrombi to the surface by such perfusion. In addition, platelets which detached from mural thrombi adhered more readily to elastin or microfibrils than platelets from the circulating blood. The initial attachment of platelets to subendothelium was inhibited in von Willebrand's disease, the Bernard-Soulier syndrome and at high concentrations of dipyridamole; spreading was inhibited in storage pool disease of rats, at low temperature (20 degrees C), with EDTA (3 MM) and Prostaglandin E1 (1 muM); and adhesion-induced aggregation was inhibited in thrombasthenia, storage pool disease and after ingestion of sulfinpyrazone or Aspirin. It is concluded that the initial attachment (contact) of platelets, spreading and surface-induced release of platelet constituents are at least partially indendent phenomena, the latter two being highly surface specific. At flow conditions which cause the disappearance of platelet adhesion appears as an irreversible process.
Flat panel displays based on nano-crystalline diamond thin films (1993)

Summary form only given, as follows. The authors have demonstrated that nano-crystalline diamond (Amorphic Diamond) thin films prepared by laser ablation process show good field emission properties. These films emit an electron current as high as 10 A/cm/sup 2/ at a macroscopic electric field less than 20 V/micron. These results open the prospects of constructing field emission displays without using sharp micro-tips in addition to other applications such as vacuum microelectronics, high power devices and microwave electronics. They discuss the diode and triode field emission display concepts using flat diamond thin films. They also show results on the field emission properties of these films and latest results on fabrication of a one inch monochrome field emission display using nano-crystalline diamond thin films as the cathode material.
Studies on surface damage induced by ion bombardment (1998)

Highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) samples were bombarded by different kinds of ions, including H, He, B, C, and Au, at an energy range from 530 keV to 4.5 MeV. After bombardment, the sample surfaces were observed with scanning tunneling microscopy. All these experimental results show that the energetic ions could cause observable protrusionlike damage on the HOPG surfaces. The ratio of the areal density of protrusion to the ion dose increases with the nuclear energy loss and is in the range of 10−5 to 2. The possible mechanism of these phenomena is also discussed.