gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA-Cw allele analysis by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism: study of known and additional alleles. (1995)

We describe a technique for HLA-Cw genotyping by digestion of PCR-amplified genes with restriction endonucleases. Locus-specific primers selectively amplified HLA-Cw sequences from exon 2 in a single PCR that avoided coamplification of other classical and nonclassical class I genes. Amplified DNAs were digested with selected enzymes. Sixty-three homozygous cell lines from International Histocompatibility Workshop X and 113 unrelated individual cells were genotypes for HLA-Cw and compared with serology. The present protocol can distinguish 23 alleles corresponding to the known HLA-Cw sequences. Genotyping of serologically undetectable alleles (HLA-Cw Blank) and of heterozygous cells was made possible by using this method. Six additional HLA-Cw alleles were identified by unusual restriction patterns and confirmed by sequencing; this observation suggests the presence of another family of allele-sharing clusters in the HLA-B locus. This PCR-restriction endonuclease method provides a simple and convenient approach for HLA-Cw DNA typing, allowing the definition of serologically undetectable alleles, and will contribute to the evaluation of the biological role of the HLA-C locus.
Adaptive streaming: The network HAS to help (2011)

HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) is becoming popular for video delivery because it dynamically provides high quality content. A HAS client does this by requesting a small chunk of video at a time, selecting the chunk quality based on inferred network conditions and its own buffer state. Because chunks are requested using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), they traverse firewalls and are cacheable like any other Web content. Even though HAS is compatible with existing infrastructure, HAS's near-real time demands and the new request patterns it causes require an understanding of the interaction between the network and HAS algorithms. In this paper, we evaluate the responsiveness of HAS algorithms under dynamic conditions and how it affects the overall user experience as well as key infrastructure resources, particularly intermediate caches. Relevant scenarios we evaluate include varying delays, available bandwidth, cache response times, and interaction with competing traffic.
Memory T cells targeting oncogenic mutations detected in peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients (2019)

T cells targeting shared oncogenic mutations can induce durable tumor regression in epithelial cancer patients. Such T cells can be detected in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but whether such cells can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with the common metastatic epithelial cancer patients is unknown. Using a highly sensitive in vitro stimulation and cell enrichment of peripheral memory T cells from six metastatic cancer patients, we identified and isolated CD4<sup>+</sup>, and CD8<sup>+</sup> memory T cells targeting the mutated KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> and KRAS<sup>G12V</sup> variants, respectively, in three patients. In an additional two metastatic colon cancer patients, we detected CD8<sup>+</sup> neoantigen-specific cells targeting the mutated SMAD5 and MUC4 proteins. Therefore, memory T cells targeting unique as well as shared somatic mutations can be detected in the peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients and can potentially be used for the development of effective personalized T cell-based cancer immunotherapy across multiple patients.
Effects of habekacin, a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic, on experimental corneal ulceration due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1981)

The effects of habekacin on corneal ulceration, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455, were studied in mice, in comparison with gentamicin and tobramycin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotics for the organism were: habekacin 2 microgram/ml, gentamicin 2 microgram/ml, and tobramycin 1 microgram/ml. Habekacin showed protective and therapeutic effects on Pseudomonas keratitis. The 50% effective dose was approximately 1 microgram per mouse, when the drug was topically applied three hours after the infection, and about 0.2 mg per mouse, when the antibiotic was intramuscularly injected one hour after the bacterial challenge to the cornea. Significant therapeutic and protective activities of habekacin were observed even by starting the topical and/or intramuscular treatment after the corneal ulcers were formed: i.e. 15 hours after the bacterial infection. Complete cure of Pseudomonas keratitis was found within a week in a number of the infected mice by both topical and systemic administrations of the drug. The protective and therapeutic effects of habekacin were comparable to those of gentamicin and tobramycin.
Synchronized Video and Motion Analysis for the Assessment of Procedures in the Operating Theater (2005)

This new motion analysis system has been shown to be an effective tool for the comprehensive assessment of operative procedures.
Long-Term Proliferation in Culture and Germline Transmission of Mouse Male Germline Stem Cells1 (2003)

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that originates in a small population of spermatogonial stem cells. Here we report the in vitro culture of spermatogonial stem cells that proliferate for long periods of time. In the presence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and leukemia inhibitory factor, gonocytes isolated from neonatal mouse testis proliferated over a 5-month period (>10(14)-fold) and restored fertility to congenitally infertile recipient mice following transplantation into seminiferous tubules. Long-term spermatogonial stem cell culture will be useful for studying spermatogenesis mechanism and has important implications for developing new technology in transgenesis or medicine.
The novel HSP90 inhibitor STA‐1474 exhibits biologic activity against osteosarcoma cell lines (2009)

Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common malignant bone tumor in dogs and children, exhibits a similar clinical presentation and molecular biology in both species. Unfortunately, 30-40% of children and 90% of dogs still die of disease despite aggressive therapy. The purpose of this study was to test the biologic activity of a novel heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, STA-1474, against OSA. Canine and human OSA cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts were treated with STA-1474 and evaluated for effects on proliferation (CyQuant), apoptosis (Annexin V, PARP cleavage, caspase 3/7 activation) and known HSP90 client proteins. HSP90 was immunoprecipitated from normal and malignant osteoblasts and Western blotting for co-chaperones was performed. Mice bearing canine OSA xenografts were treated with STA-1474, and tumors samples were evaluated for caspase-3 activation and loss of p-Akt/Akt. Treatment with STA-1474 promoted loss of cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in OSA cell lines. STA-1474 and its active metabolite STA-9090 also demonstrated increased potency compared to 17-AAG. STA-1474 exhibited selectivity for OSA cells versus normal canine osteoblasts, and HSP90 co-precipitated with co-chaperones p23 and Hop in canine OSA cells but not in normal canine osteoblasts. Furthermore, STA-1474 downregulated the expression of p-Met/Met, p-Akt/Akt and p-STAT3. Finally, STA-1474 induced tumor regression, caspase-3 activation and downregulation of p-Met/Met and p-Akt/Akt in OSA xenografts. Together, these data suggest that HSP90 represents a relevant target for therapeutic intervention in OSA.
Sialo-oligosaccharide receptors for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and related oligosaccharides of poly-N-acetyllactosamine series are polarized at the cilia and apical-microvillar domains of the ciliated cells in human bronchial epithelium (1989)

The occurrence and distribution of the sialo-oligosaccharide receptors (sialosyl-I and sialosyl-i) for Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as other related oligosaccharide structures of poly-N-acetyllactosamine type, and their short-chain analogs based on galactose linked beta 1-4 or beta 1-3 to N-acetylglucosamine (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc or Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc, respectively) were investigated in the human bronchial epithelium by histochemistry by using sequence-specific monoclonal antibodies and lectins. Among the mature epithelial cells, only ciliated cells were found to express the long-chain antigens, whereas mucus-secreting cells contained the short-chain antigens associated with mucus globules. The long-chain oligosaccharides were found to be highly polarized at the luminal aspects of the ciliated cells where the branched structures (I and sialosyl-I antigens) were detected both at the apical-microvillar border and on the cilia, but the linear structures (i, sialosyl-i, and VIM-2 antigens) were detected exclusively at the apical-microvillar border. These observations provide the first in situ visualization of the receptor structures for M. pneumoniae at the primary site of infection. The lack of sialo-oligosaccharide receptors in secretory cells and the mucus they produce provides a biochemical basis for evasion by this microorganism of the secreted mucus barrier.
Low delay burst erasure correction codes (2003)

In a variety of networks, packet losses occur in bursts. Conventional application of error correction codes for packet recovery often requires interleaving and long decoder delays. These long delays are usually unacceptable in real-time multimedia communication applications such as voice over IP (VoIP). Consequently, erasure correction codes with severe limits on delay are desirable. We present various codes suitable for correcting bursts of lost packets. In addition, we show that these codes have the shortest possible decoding delay. To demonstrate the practical benefits of these codes for VoIP, we present results of informal mean opinion score listening tests conducted with various codes.
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) modulate respiration in isolated mitochondria. (2005)

Emerging evidence reveals that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its product carbon monoxide (CO) can exert diverse biological and cytoprotective effects. Our group has recently identified a new class of compounds (CO-releasing molecules or CO-RMs) that can carry and deliver CO to biological systems and can be used to examine the physiological properties of CO. Here, we evaluated the influence of endogenously-generated CO (via HO-1 induction by hemin) and CO liberated from exogenously supplied CO-RMs on mitochondrial function. Renal mitochondria were isolated either from rats with increased HO-1 or from untreated animals, the latter being exposed to different concentrations of CO-RMs (10-100 microM). We found that mitochondrial oxygen uptake was significantly reduced in kidneys after HO-1 induction and, in a similar fashion, CO-RMs inhibited mitochondrial function in a concentration-dependent manner. Specifically, a marked depression of state 3 was observed resulting in a significant decrease in respiratory control index (RCI) values. When mitochondria were incubated with the inactive forms of CO-RMs, which are devoid of CO, the respiratory parameters remained unchanged. In summary, the results indicate that HO-1 induction and enhanced CO decrease renal oxygen consumption and alter mitochondrial function suggesting that CO could be a physiological regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
The Potential of Hull‐less Barley (1999)

ABSTRACT Hull‐less barley (HB) has been investigated in many countries for use in feed, food, and industry since the publication of the last review in 1986. Literature published since 1990 on various aspects of HB utilization, other than in monogastric feeds, has been reviewed. Several HB cultivars containing low or β‐glucan, low or high extract viscosity, and waxy (0–5% amylose) or normal starch are now available. Interest in HB utilization in the food industry developed largely due to its high β‐glucan content, particularly in the waxy cultivars. β‐Glucan is a major component of soluble fiber implicated in hypocholesterolemia, hypoglycemia, and in reducing incidence of chemically induced colon cancer in experimental animals. However, large‐scale clinical trials using human subjects are needed to corroborate these effects. The zero amylose HB starch had low syneresis or a high freeze‐thaw stability suitable for use in frozen foods. Single‐ or double‐modified waxy HB starch may replace corn starch in some food applications, and cationized HB starch can replace corn and potato starches in the pulp and paper industry. HB may be milled using conventional wheat milling equipment to yield bran and flour for multiple food uses. Hull‐less barley may also be used as a feed stock for fuel alcohol production, for the preparation of food malt with low or high enzyme activities, and for brewer's and distiller's malts.
Disruption of epithelial cell-matrix interactions induces apoptosis (1994)

Cell-matrix interactions have major effects upon phenotypic features such as gene regulation, cytoskeletal structure, differentiation, and aspects of cell growth control. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is crucial for maintaining appropriate cell number and tissue organization. It was therefore of interest to determine whether cell-matrix interactions affect apoptosis. The present report demonstrates that apoptosis was induced by disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and extracellular matrix. We have termed this phenomenon "anoikis." Overexpression of bcl-2 protected cells against anoikis. Cellular sensitivity to anoikis was apparently regulated: (a) anoikis did not occur in normal fibroblasts; (b) it was abrogated in epithelial cells by transformation with v-Ha-ras, v-src, or treatment with phorbol ester; (c) sensitivity to anoikis was conferred upon HT1080 cells or v-Ha-ras-transformed MDCK cells by reverse-transformation with adenovirus E1a; (d) anoikis in MDCK cells was alleviated by the motility factor, scatter factor. The results suggest that the circumvention of anoikis accompanies the acquisition of anchorage independence or cell motility.
T-DNA of pTi-15955 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is transcribed into a minimum of seven polyadenylated RNAs in a sunflower crown gall tumor (1982)

Northern blot hybridization analysis of polysomal polyadenylated RNA isolated from sunflower crown gall tumor PSCG-15955 demonstrated that a minimum of seven RNAs were transcribed from T-DNA of pTi-15955 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The sizes of the T-DNA transcripts were 1.8, 1.6, 1.5, 1.1, 1.0 kilo bases (kb) and two transcripts of 0.8 kb long. The relative abundance of these polyadenylated RNAs varied greatly, the 1.0 kb RNA being the most abundant and the 1.6 kb RNA being the least abundant. Assignment of map locations of the seven polyadenylated RNAs indicated that the conserved region of T-DNA which may play a central role in tumorigenesis contained four RNAs of 1.8, 1.1, 0.8(a) and a portion of 0.8(b) kb long.
Password authenticated key exchange protocol for multi-server mobile networks based on Chebyshev chaotic map (2013)

In a single-server mobile network, authorized users can dynamically login to the server for requiring internet services or resources. A password authenticated key exchange protocol can be used to authenticate user's legitimacy and establish a secure communication between a user and his logon server by using his friendly memorized password. In generally, users can dynamically access internet resources and services from multiple servers via mobile networks. However, it is difficult for users and servers to easily and securely manage passwords and secret keys in multi-server mobile networks. This paper proposes a password authenticated key exchange protocol for multi-server mobile networks based on Chebyshev chaotic map. Properties of the proposed protocol are given below. (i) The user can easily memorize a single password to login different servers without the assistance of a trusted registration authority. (ii) The user can share distinct secret information with different servers, and hence a malicious server cannot use it to masquerade as the user to login the other server(s). (iii) It is secure against some potential attacks. (iv) An authenticated key shared between the user and the server can be established for securing their communications. (v) It can provide key confirmation for the shared session key. (vi) It can provide higher security assurance in generating secret keys.
Inhibitors Directed towards Caspase-1 and -3 Are Less Effective than Pan Caspase Inhibition in Preventing Renal Proximal Tubular Cell Apoptosis (2004)

Cisplatin causes an increase in RPT apoptosis that is associated with increased Caspase-3 activity. All caspase inhibitors were equally effective at reducing Caspase-3 activity, however the pan caspase inhibitor B-D-FMK was more effective at preventing apoptosis and increasing cell survival. Therefore, pan caspase inhibition offers the greatest potential for the prevention of renal tubular cell deletion by uncontrolled apoptosis.
A Generalization of Bayesian Inference (1968)

Procedures of statistical inference are described which generalize Bayesian inference in specific ways. Probability is used in such a way that in general only bounds may be placed on the probabilities of given events, and probability systems of this kind are suggested both for sample information and for prior information. These systems are then combined using a specified rule. Illustrations are given for inferences about trinomial probabilities, and for inferences about a monotone sequence of binomial P sub i. Finally, some comments are made on the general class of models which produce upper and lower probabilities, and on the specific models which underlie the suggested inference procedures.
Advanced glycation end products, their receptors and diabetic angiopathy. (2001)

The role of chronic hyperglycemia in the development of diabetic microvascular complications and in neuropathy has been clearly established by intervention studies. However, the biochemical or cellular links between elevated blood glucose levels, and the vascular lesions remain incompletely understood. This review focuses on the consequences of hyperglycemia on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and on the role of AGEs and of their specific receptors (RAGE) in the functional and anatomical alterations of the vascular wall. AGEs are formed during the Maillard reaction by the binding of aldoses on free NH(2) groups of proteins, which, after a cascade of molecular rearrangements, result in molecules of brown color and specific fluorescence. Experimental studies have indicated that the binding of AGEs to RAGE activates cells, particularly monocytes and endothelial cells. Activated endothelial cells produce cytokines, and express adhesion molecules and tissue factor. The role of AGEs in increased oxidative stress, and in the functional alterations in vascular tone control observed in diabetes, in part related to a reduction in nitric oxide, is also discussed. The microvascular retinal, glomerular and nerve lesions induced by experimental diabetes in animals are prevented by an inhibitor of AGEs formation, aminoguanidine. The administration in diabetic animals of recombinant RAGE, which hinders AGEs-RAGE interaction, prevents hyperpermeability and vascular lesions. These data suggest a central role of AGEs and RAGE in the development of chronic complications of diabetes.
Pressure sensitivity in anisotropically etched thin-diaphragm pressure sensors (1979)

In this paper the differential equations governing thin, square-diaphragm silicon pressure sensors are developed and solved using finite-difference numerical methods. Diaphragm deflection and stress patterns are presented in a normalized form applicable to diaphragms of arbitrary thickness and size. For 1-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 10-µm-thick diaphragms in
Detection of T Helper Responses, But Not of Human Papillomavirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses, After Peptide Vaccination of Patients With Cervical Carcinoma (2000)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-encoded E7 oncoprotein is constitutively expressed in cervical carcinoma cells and is required for cellular transformation to be maintained. The E7 protein, therefore, forms an attractive target for T-cell-mediated immune intervention to prevent or treat HPV16+ tumors. The authors performed a peptide-based phase I/II vaccination trial to induce anti-tumor immune responses in patients with recurrent or residual cervical carcinoma. Fifteen HLA-A*0201+ patients with HPV16+ cervical carcinoma received vaccinations with synthetic peptides representing 2 HPV16 E7-encoded, HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes and a pan-HLA-DR-binding T-helper epitope, PADRE, in adjuvant. No signs of toxicity were observed. Two patients had stable disease for more than 1 year after vaccination, 3 patients died of the disease during or shortly after the vaccination period, and 10 patients maintained progressive cervical carcinoma. Specific immune responses directed against the vaccine components were analyzed in peripheral blood samples. No cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against the HPV16 E7 peptides were detectable. After vaccination, strong PADRE helper peptide-specific proliferation was detected in 4 of 12 patients. In conclusion, peptide vaccination with 2 HPV16 E7 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes and a universal T helper epitope is well tolerated by patients with advanced cervical carcinoma. Despite a reduction of in vitro cytolytic or proliferative recall responses to some, but not all, conventional antigens in this patient group, peptide-specific proliferative responses were induced in 4 patients. Based on the current study, it is now feasible to perform peptide vaccination in earlier stages of HPV16-induced cervical disease.
Controlled Evolution of Morphology and Microstructure in Laser Interference‐Structured Zirconia (2008)

Tape‐cast pseudo‐cubic zirconia pellets were surface irradiated by two coherent interfering high‐power short‐pulse Nd:YAG laser beams. The interfering beams of the third harmonic with a wavelength of 355 nm of a 2.5‐ns Q‐switched laser produced a line‐like intensity distribution with a periodic distance of 3.3 μm due to the selected angle between the beams. The resulting nonuniform surface heating produced a microstructure consisting of ultrafine‐grained zirconia with a grain size of about 10 nm within the top 100–200 nm depth of the treated surface region due to the high cooling rates during short‐pulse laser processing (up to 10 10 K/s). The surface morphology closely followed the microperiodic heat treatment provided by the interfering laser beams. The pore size distribution within the periodic surface morphology ranged from a few nanometers to a maximum of half of the periodic line distances.