gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Directions in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Coordination Chemistry in Supercritical Fluids (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Directions in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Coordination Chemistry in Supercritical FluidsJawwad A. Darr and Martyn PoliakoffView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, Notts., England, U.K. Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2, 495–542Publication Date (Web):January 21, 1999Publication History Received19 June 1998Revised8 October 1998Published online21 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/cr970036iCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3802Altmetric-Citations498LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Extraction,Ligands,Metals,Solubility,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. (1986)

Dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) is a prominent feature of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many of these patients have a subacute encephalitis consistent with a viral infection of the CNS. We studied the brains of 12 AIDS patients using in situ hybridization to identify human immunodeficiency virus [HIV, referred to by others as human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV)] nucleic acid sequences and immunocytochemistry to identify viral and cellular proteins. Nine patients had significant HIV infection in the CNS. In all examined brains, the white matter was more severely involved than the grey matter. In most cases the infection was restricted to capillary endothelial cells, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and giant cells. In a single case with severe CNS involvement, a low-level infection was seen in some astrocytes and neurons. These results suggest that CNS dysfunction is due to indirect effects rather than neuronal or glial infection.
Protein Adsorption in Thin Porous Silicon Layers (2000)

Porous silicon layers with thicknesses in the range 100–400 nm and average porosities in the range 38–71% were prepared by electrochemical anodization. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the microstructure of the layers before protein adsorption. In-situ ellipsometry was then employed to monitor the kinetics of fibrinogen and human serum albumin adsorption. At steady state new ellipsometric spectra were recorded to determine the total amount of adsorbed protein. Under the experimental conditions used here, the protein molecules were found to adsorb in the outermost part of the porous layer. However, human serum albumin penetrated into the porous silicon matrix at low pH and high porosity. From a methodological point of view it was found that spectroscopic ellipsometry is an appropriate tool for characterization of the microstructure of porous silicon layers and for in-situ monitoring of protein adsorption in such layers including depth profiling.
Gene Expression Analysis of Cold and Freeze Stress in Baker's Yeast (2002)

We used mRNA differential display to assess yeast gene expression under cold or freeze shock stress conditions. We found both up- and down-regulation of genes, although repression was more common. We identified and sequenced several cold-induced genes exhibiting the largest differences. We confirmed, by Northern blotting, the specificity of the response for TPI1, which encodes triose-phosphate isomerase; ERG10, the gene for acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase; and IMH1, which encodes a protein implicated in protein transport. These genes also were induced under other stress conditions, suggesting that this cold response is mediated by a general stress mechanism. We determined the physiological significance of the cold-induced expression change of these genes in two baker's yeast strains with different sensitivities to freeze stress. The mRNA level of TPI1 and ERG10 genes was higher in freeze-stressed than in control samples of the tolerant strain. In contrast, both genes were repressed in frozen cells of the sensitive strain. Next, we examined the effects of ERG10 overexpression on cold and freeze-thaw tolerance. Growth of wild-type cells at 10 degrees C was not affected by high ERG10 expression. However, YEpERG10 transformant cells exhibited increased freezing tolerance. Consistent with this, cells of an erg10 mutant strain showed a clear phenotype of cold and freeze sensitivity. These results give support to the idea that a cause-and-effect relationship between differentially expressed genes and cryoresistance exists in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and open up the possibility of design strategies to improve the freeze tolerance of baker's yeast.
Decreased Deformability of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Diabetic Cats (1996)

These results are in accordance with the finding that PMN are less deformable in humans with diabetes. We also showed that the small lymphocytes from diabetic cats have prolonged transit times. The results suggest that PMN may contribute to the development of microangiopathies like diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic cats may prove useful for testing potential therapies to improve WBC deformability.
Implementation of the CAI System Based on Gram-Stain Images for Medical Technologists Under Web (2004)

Because the education system that based on objective data is needed for the beginning technologists in the department of medicine laboratory, development of the CAI system based on Gram-Stain images is needed in clinical microbiology field. So, in this study, we implemented CAI system based on Gram-Stain images for medical technologists under Web using multimedia toolbook. Because this system is implemented under Web, more and more beginning technologists can have a remote-education beyond time and space, can save human power and time that needed due to hold in common of educational information, and cannot learn mistaken microbiology images because of learning execution based on objective data. Also, implemented system brings a higher interest and a learning effect to medical technologies because of hyper-media method that offered from toolbook. In the future, it will be needed a continuous acceptance of changing knowledge and it will be useful system for technologist in case of applying various examinations based Gram-Stain method of this study.
Electric stimulation of protein and DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts (1987)

Human fibroblast cell cultures were employed as a model system to rapidly examine several potentially important variables involved in the use of high-voltage, pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS) to increase the healing rate of soft tissue injuries. Fibroblasts were grown on Millipore filters and exposed to HVPGS of various voltages and pulse rates for 20 min in a rectangular, plastic chamber filled with growth medium. Filters with attached cells were placed either in the center of the chamber or close to the positive or negative electrode. Protein synthesis and DNA synthesis were monitored after stimulation using the radioactively labeled precursors, [3H]proline and [3H]thymidine, respectively. The major results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) the rates of both protein and DNA synthesis can be significantly increased by specific combinations of HVPGS voltage and pulse rate; 2) maximum stimulation of protein and DNA synthesis was obtained at 50 and 75 V, respectively, with a pulse rate of 100 pulses/s and the cells located near the negative electrode; and 3) exposure to HVPGS intensities greater than 250 V (at all pulse rates and locations within the chamber) is inhibitory for both protein and DNA synthesis. In view of the results obtained in preliminary clinical studies on the use of HVPGS for the treatment of dermal ulcers, it appears that similar voltages, pulse rates, and relative electrode location may be required for maximum acceleration of human skin wound healing.
Phase II clinical trial of combined natural interferon-beta plus recombinant interferon-gamma treatment of chronic hepatitis B. (1999)

This short-term regimen of combined nIFN-beta + rIFN-gamma therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B proved to be equieffective to long-term treatment with interferon-alpha and combines high clinical tolerability with good practicability, as it can be administered on an in-patient basis, ensuring close patient monitoring.
The Bioartificial Kidney and Bioengineered Membranes in Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

The treatment of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) with dialysis or hemofiltration remains suboptimal with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Current renal replacement therapies substitute for the small solute clearance function of the kidney but do not replace the lost reclamation, metabolic and endocrine functions of this organ. Cell therapy and tissue engineering offer hope of fuller replacement of kidney function in renal failure patients. A renal tubule assist device (RAD) that includes a conventional hemodialysis filter and a bioreactor containing living renal proximal tubule cells has been successfully engineered. Differentiated activity of these cells and survival advantages have been demonstrated in large-animal models of sepsis and AKI. Data from phase I/II and phase II clinical studies have shown that the addition of renal tubule cell therapy to conventional continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) treatment resulted in a significant clinical impact on survival, and that RAD treatment demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Another substantive advance for the treatment of AKI will be the development of nanofabrication technology to further improve the clearance function of the kidney to replicate glomerular permselectivity while retaining high rates of hydraulic permeability. New developments in this translational research area will improve the unmet medical needs of patients with renal failure.
Bone regenerative medicine: classic options, novel strategies, and future directions (2014)

This review analyzes the literature of bone grafts and introduces tissue engineering as a strategy in this field of orthopedic surgery. We evaluated articles concerning bone grafts; analyzed characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the grafts; and provided explanations about bone-tissue engineering technologies. Many bone grafting materials are available to enhance bone healing and regeneration, from bone autografts to graft substitutes; they can be used alone or in combination. Autografts are the gold standard for this purpose, since they provide osteogenic cells, osteoinductive growth factors, and an osteoconductive scaffold, all essential for new bone growth. Autografts carry the limitations of morbidity at the harvesting site and limited availability. Allografts and xenografts carry the risk of disease transmission and rejection. Tissue engineering is a new and developing option that had been introduced to reduce limitations of bone grafts and improve the healing processes of the bone fractures and defects. The combined use of scaffolds, healing promoting factors, together with gene therapy, and, more recently, three-dimensional printing of tissue-engineered constructs may open new insights in the near future.
A sequential algorithm for training text classifiers (1995)

article Free Access Share on A sequential algorithm for training text classifiers: corrigendum and additional data Author: David D. Lewis AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 29Issue 2Fall 1995 pp 13–19https://doi.org/10.1145/219587.219592Published:01 September 1995Publication History 69citation995DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations69Total Downloads995Last 12 Months437Last 6 weeks74 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Discovering Dependencies for Network Management. (2006)

This paper presents the Leslie Graph, a simple yet powerful abstraction describing the complex dependencies between network, host and application components in modern networked systems. It discusses challenges in the discovery of Leslie Graphs, their uses, and describes two alternate approaches to their discovery, supported by some initial feasibility results.
Circulating IL-15 exists as heterodimeric complex with soluble IL-15Rα in human and mouse serum (2012)

IL-15 is an important cytokine for the function of the immune system, but the form(s) of IL-15 produced in the human body are not fully characterized. Coexpression of the single-chain IL-15 and the IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) in the same cell allows for efficient production, surface display, and eventual cleavage and secretion of the bioactive IL-15/IL-15Rα heterodimer in vivo, whereas the single-chain IL-15 is poorly secreted and unstable. This observation led to the hypothesis that IL-15 is produced and secreted only as a heterodimer with IL-15Rα. We purified human IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes from overproducing human cell lines and developed an ELISA specifically measuring the heterodimeric form of IL-15. Analysis of sera from melanoma patients after lymphodepletion revealed the presence of circulating IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes in amounts similar to the total IL-15 quantified by a commercial IL-15 ELISA that detects both the single-chain and the heterodimeric forms of the cytokine. Therefore, in lymphodepleted cancer patients, the serum IL-15 is exclusively present in its heterodimeric form. Analysis of the form of IL-15 present in either normal or lymphodepleted mice agrees with the human data. These results have important implications for development of assays and materials for clinical applications of IL-15.
Interplay between Two Hormone-Independent Activation Domains in the Androgen Receptor (2006)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in prostate cancer development, as well as its treatments, even for the hormone-refractory state. Here, we report that an earlier described lysine-to-arginine mutation at position 179 in AR leads to a more potent AR. We show that two activation domains (Tau-1 and Tau-5) are necessary and sufficient for the full activity of AR and the intrinsic activity of the AR-NTD. Two alpha-helices surrounding the Lys179 define the core of Tau-1, which can act as an autonomous activation function, independent of p160 coactivators. Furthermore, we show that although the recruitment of p160 coactivators is mediated through Tau-5, this event is attenuated by core Tau-1. This better definition of the mechanisms of action of both Tau-1 and Tau-5 is instrumental for the design of alternative therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in the Temporal Cortex and Limbic System after Trigeminal Nerve Inoculation (1994)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 causes an encephalitis in humans that is primarily restricted to the temporal lobe and limbic system. The distribution of lesions suggests that virus enters the brain from a single site and then spreads transneuronally to infect connected structures. Two obvious sites of potential viral entry are the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Trigeminal nerve entry is more likely because it innervates the oral cavity, a common site of initial infection, and the trigeminal ganglion is the most common site of viral latency. In previous reports, however, experimental trigeminal nerve infection has never led to the pattern of disease observed in humans. By directly inoculating virus into the murine tooth pulp, the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve was selectively infected. This division, which innervates the oral cavity, is the one most commonly infected in humans. Intrapulp inoculation led to an encephalitis primarily affecting the temporal cortex and limbic system. Thus, spread via the trigeminal nerve provides an explanation for the distribution of herpes simplex virus observed in the human encephalitis.
High-quality gene assembly directly from unpurified mixtures of microarray-synthesized oligonucleotides (2010)

To meet the growing demand for synthetic genes more robust, scalable and inexpensive gene assembly technologies must be developed. Here, we present a protocol for high-quality gene assembly directly from low-cost marginal-quality microarray-synthesized oligonucleotides. Significantly, we eliminated the time- and money-consuming oligonucleotide purification steps through the use of hybridization-based selection embedded in the assembly process. The protocol was tested on mixtures of up to 2000 oligonucleotides eluted directly from microarrays obtained from three different chip manufacturers. These mixtures containing <5% perfect oligos, and were used directly for assembly of 27 test genes of different sizes. Gene quality was assessed by sequencing, and their activity was tested in coupled in vitro transcription/translation reactions. Genes assembled from the microarray-eluted material using the new protocol matched the quality of the genes assembled from >95% pure column-synthesized oligonucleotides by the standard protocol. Both averaged only 2.7 errors/kb, and genes assembled from microarray-eluted material without clonal selection produced only 30% less protein than sequence-confirmed clones. This report represents the first demonstration of cost-efficient gene assembly from microarray-synthesized oligonucleotides. The overall cost of assembly by this method approaches 5¢ per base, making gene synthesis more affordable than traditional cloning.
Inhibiting the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro with antisense peptide nucleic acid conjugates targeting the ftsZ gene (2014)

BackgroundThe increasing emergence of clinical infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) challenges existing therapeutic options and highlights the need to develop novel treatment strategies. The ftsZ gene is essential to bacterial cell division.MethodsIn this study, two antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide were used to inhibit the growth of MRSA. PPNA1, identified with computational prediction and dot-blot hybridization, is complementary to nucleotides 309–323 of the ftsZ mRNA. PPNA2 was designed to target the region that includes the translation initiation site and the ribosomal-binding site (Shine–Dalgarno sequence) of the ftsZ gene. Scrambled PPNA was constructed with mismatches to three bases within the antisense PPNA1 sequence.ResultsPPNA1 and PPNA2 caused concentration-dependent growth inhibition and had bactericidal effects. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of antisense PPNA1 and PPNA2 were 30 μmol/l and 40 μmol/l, respectively. The scrambled PPNA had no effect on bacterial growth, even at higher concentrations, confirming the sequence specificity of the probes. RT-PCR showed that the antisense PPNAs suppressed ftsZ mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the potent effects of PNAs on bacterial growth and cell viability were mediated by the down-regulation or even knock-out of ftsZ gene expression. This highlights the utility of ftsZ as a promising target for the development of new antisense antibacterial agents to treat MRSA infections.
Differential expression of Rel/NF-κB and octamer factors is a hallmark of the generation and maturation of dendritic cells (2000)

A key feature of maturation of dendritic cells is the down-regulation of antigen-processing and up-regulation of immunostimulatory capacities. To study the differential expression of transcription factors in this process, we investigated the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of Rel/NF-kappaB and octamer factors during in vitro generation and maturation of dendritic cells compared with macrophage development. RelB was the only factor strongly up-regulated during the generation of both immature dendritic cells and macrophages. Cytokine-induced maturation of dendritic cells resulted in an increase in nuclear RelB, p50, p52, and especially c-Rel, whereas cytokine-treated macrophages responded poorly. This up-regulation of NF-kappaB factors did not correlate with lower levels of cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitors, the IkappaBs. One IkappaB, Bcl-3, was strongly expressed only in mature dendritic cells. Furthermore, generation and maturation of dendritic cells led to a continuous down-regulation of the octamer factor Oct-2, whereas monocytes and macrophages displayed high Oct-2 levels. A similar pattern of maturation-induced changes in transcription factor levels was found in cultured murine epidermal Langerhans cells, suggesting a general physiological significance of these findings. Finally, this pattern of differential activation of Rel and octamer factors appears to be suitable in determining the maturation stage of dendritic cells generated by treatment with different cytokine combinations in vitro. (Blood. 2000;95:277-285)
Identification of coagulation factor (F)X binding sites on the adenovirus serotype 5 hexon: effect of mutagenesis on FX interactions and gene transfer (2009)

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of coagulation factor X (FX) in adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5-mediated liver transduction in vivo. FX binds to the adenovirus hexon hypervariable regions (HVRs). Here, we perform a systematic analysis of FX binding to Ad5 HVRs 5 and 7, identifying domains and amino acids critical for this interaction. We constructed a model of the Ad5-FX interaction using crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopic data to identify contact points. Exchanging Ad5 HVR5 or HVR7 from Ad5 to Ad26 (which does not bind FX) diminished FX binding as analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, gene delivery in vitro, and liver transduction in vivo. Exchanging Ad5-HVR5 for Ad26-HVR5 produced deficient virus maturation. Importantly, defined mutagenesis of just 2 amino acids in Ad5-HVR5 circumvented this and was sufficient to block liver gene transfer. In addition, mutation of 4 amino acids in Ad5-HVR7 or a single mutation at position 451 also blocked FX-mediated effects in vitro and in vivo. We therefore define the regions and amino acids on the Ad5 hexon that bind with high affinity to FX thereby better defining adenovirus infectivity pathways. These vectors may be useful for gene therapy applications where evasion of liver transduction is a prerequisite.