gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Acetates and Propionates — Their Preparation and Composition1 (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAluminum Acetates and Propionates — Their Preparation and Composition1George C. Hood and Aaron J. IhdeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5, 2094–2095Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01161a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01161a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antioxidative Properties of Histidine and Its Effect on Myocardial Injury During Ischemia/Reperfusion in Isolated Rat Heart (1995)

We wished to determine whether histidine scavenges hydroxyl radical, H2O2, and superoxide anion in vitro and to investigate the protective effect of histidine on isolated perfused rat hearts after global ischemia (40 min) and reperfusion (30 min) (I/R). Left ventricular (LV) function was recorded and coronary effluent was collected for measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) before ischemia and at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min of reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, a portion of the LV wall was fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde for morphological analysis; the remaining heart was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for determination of adenine nucleotides. Histidine effectively quenched hydroxyl radicals and H2O2, but not superoxide anions, in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Hearts treated with histidine exhibited significantly greater functional recovery during reperfusion as compared with nontreated hearts (p < 0.05). Cell morphology was well preserved, and enzyme release was significantly attenuated by histidine treatment (p < 0.05). Histidine raised the ATP level to 73% and the creatine phosphate level to 68% of normal control during reperfusion. Total adenine nucleotide pool and energy charge rate in histidine-treated hearts significantly increased as compared with those in nontreated hearts (p < 0.05), but no effect on ATP and creatine phosphate was noted during ischemia, Histidine prevents postischemic reperfusion injury in isolated heart by inhibiting reactive O2 species and preserving high-energy phosphates (HEP).
The identification of vertical velocity profiles using an inertial sensor to investigate pre-impact detection of falls (2008)

This study investigates distinguishing falls from normal Activities of Daily Living (ADL) by thresholding of the vertical velocity of the trunk. Also presented is the design and evaluation of a wearable inertial sensor, capable of accurately measuring these vertical velocity profiles, thus providing an alternative to optical motion capture systems. Five young healthy subjects performed a number of simulated falls and normal ADL and their trunk vertical velocities were measured by both the optical motion capture system and the inertial sensor. Through vertical velocity thresholding (VVT) of the trunk, obtained from the optical motion capture system, at -1.3 m/s, falls can be distinguished from normal ADL, with 100% accuracy and with an average of 323 ms prior to trunk impact and 140 ms prior to knee impact, in this subject group. The vertical velocity profiles obtained using the inertial sensor, were then compared to those obtained using the optical motion capture system. The signals from the inertial sensor were combined to produce vertical velocity profiles using rotational mathematics and integration. Results show high mean correlation (0.941: Coefficient of Multiple Correlations) and low mean percentage error (6.74%) between the signals generated from the inertial sensor to those from the optical motion capture system. The proposed system enables vertical velocity profiles to be measured from elderly subjects in a home environment where as this has previously been impractical.
Targeted Protein Degradation by Small Molecules (2016)

Protein homeostasis networks are highly regulated systems responsible for maintaining the health and productivity of cells. Whereas therapeutics have been developed to disrupt protein homeostasis, more recently identified techniques have been used to repurpose homeostatic networks to effect degradation of disease-relevant proteins. Here, we review recent advances in the use of small molecules to degrade proteins in a selective manner. First, we highlight all-small-molecule techniques with direct clinical application. Second, we describe techniques that may find broader acceptance in the biomedical research community that require little or no synthetic chemistry. In addition to serving as innovative research tools, these new approaches to control intracellular protein levels offer the potential to develop novel therapeutics targeting proteins that are not currently pharmaceutically vulnerable.
T-cell factor 4 and β-catenin chromatin occupancies pattern zonal liver metabolism in mice (2013)

β-catenin patterns the zonal liver together with Tcf-4, Hnf-4α, and xenobiotic nuclear receptors. This network represses lipid metabolism and exacerbates glutamine, drug, and bile metabolism, mirroring HCCs with β-catenin mutational activation.
UniProt: a hub for protein information (2014)

UniProt is an important collection of protein sequences and their annotations, which has doubled in size to 80 million sequences during the past year. This growth in sequences has prompted an extension of UniProt accession number space from 6 to 10 characters. An increasing fraction of new sequences are identical to a sequence that already exists in the database with the majority of sequences coming from genome sequencing projects. We have created a new proteome identifier that uniquely identifies a particular assembly of a species and strain or subspecies to help users track the provenance of sequences. We present a new website that has been designed using a user-experience design process. We have introduced an annotation score for all entries in UniProt to represent the relative amount of knowledge known about each protein. These scores will be helpful in identifying which proteins are the best characterized and most informative for comparative analysis. All UniProt data is provided freely and is available on the web at http://www.uniprot.org/.
Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China (2020)

Abstract We report an asymptomatic child who was positive for a coronavirus by reverse transcription PCR in a stool specimen 17 days after the last virus exposure. The child was virus positive in stool specimens for at least an additional 9 days. Respiratory tract specimens were negative by reverse transcription PCR.
Amyloid β peptide ratio 42/40 but not Aβ42 correlates with phospho‐Tau in patients with low‐ and high‐CSF Aβ40 load (2006)

Neurochemical dementia diagnostics (NDD) can significantly improve the clinically based categorization of patients with early dementia disorders, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid beta peptides ending at the amino acid position of 42 (A beta x-42 and A beta 1-42) are widely accepted biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in subjects with constitutively high- or low-CSF concentrations of total A beta peptides (tA beta), the NDD interpretation might lead to erroneous conclusions as these biomarkers seem to correlate better with the total A beta load than with the pathological status of a given patient in such cases. In this multicenter study, we found significantly increased CSF concentrations of phosphorylated Tau (pTau181) and total Tau in the group of subjects with high CSF A beta x-40 concentrations and decreased A beta x-42/x-40 concentration ratio compared with the group of subjects with low CSF A beta x-40 and normal A beta ratio (p<0.001 in both cases). Furthermore, we observed significantly decreased A beta ratio (p<0.01) in the group of subjects with APOE epsilon 4 allele compared with the group of subjects without this allele. Surprisingly, patients with low-A beta x-40 and the decreased A beta ratio characterized with decreased pTau181 (p<0.05), and unaltered total Tau compared with the subjects with high A beta x-40 and the A beta ratio in the normal range. We conclude that the amyloid beta concentration ratio should replace the 'raw' concentrations of corresponding A beta peptides to improve reliability of the neurochemical dementia diagnosis.
Phosphorylated and sumoylation-deficient progesterone receptors drive proliferative gene signatures during breast cancer progression (2012)

We conclude that reversible PR SUMOylation/deSUMOylation profoundly alters target gene selection in breast cancer cells. Phosphorylation-induced PR deSUMOylation favors a permissive chromatin environment via recruitment of CBP and MLL2. Patients whose ER+/PR+ tumors are driven by hyperactive (that is, derepressed) phospho-PRs may benefit from endocrine (antiestrogen) therapies that contain an antiprogestin.
Non‐natural Olefin Cyclopropanation Catalyzed by Diverse Cytochrome P450s and Other Hemoproteins (2014)

Recent work has shown that engineered variants of cytochrome P450BM3 (CYP102A1) efficiently catalyze non-natural reactions, including carbene and nitrene transfer reactions. Given the broad substrate range of natural P450 enzymes, we set out to explore if this diversity could be leveraged to generate a broad panel of new catalysts for olefin cyclopropanation (i.e., carbene transfer). Here, we took a step towards this goal by characterizing the carbene transfer activities of four new wild-type P450s that have different native substrates. All four were active and exhibited a range of product selectivities in the model reaction: cyclopropanation of styrene by using ethyl diazoacetate (EDA). Previous work on P450BM3 demonstrated that mutation of the axial coordinating cysteine, universally conserved among P450 enzymes, to a serine residue, increased activity for this non-natural reaction. The equivalent mutation in the selected P450s was found to activate carbene transfer chemistry both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, serum albumins complexed with hemin were also found to be efficient in vitro cyclopropanation catalysts.
The Development and Application of a Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery (2019)

Power conversion systems based on organic Rankine cycles have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade waste heat into electricity as well as in small-scale biomass, solar, or geothermal power plants. The theoretical analysis can guide the ORC design, but cannot predict accurately the system performance. Actually, the operation characteristics of every component have a vital effect on the system performance. This chapter presents the detailed operation characteristic of a small-scale ORC. The effects of the operation parameters, the mixture working fluid and the operation strategy on system overall performance are addressed. It can be concluded that improving the system overall performance should give priority to increase the pressure drop. Whether the mixtures exhibit better thermodynamic performance than the pure working fluids depend on the operation parameters and mass fraction of mixtures. The mixture working fluids obtain a higher expander shaft power but a relatively higher BWR. The expander rotating speed for standalone operation strategy keeps rising from 2320 to 2983 rpm, whereas that of grid connect operation strategy keeps constant of 3600 rpm.
Cancer precursors and their control by BCG. (1986)

I am proposing a theory which states that stimulation of the immune system at birth detects and destroys embryonic cells or components thereof, including subcellular pattern defects, molecular structure defects and so forth which may be the source of malignancy not only in infancy but throughout life. The facts are that: Fetal rests or stigmata thereof remain in many of the organs of the body--the liver, the kidney, the spleen, the brain and so forth. These rests are usually absorbed by the end of the first year of life, but recent evidence indicates that stigmata of this fetal tissue may remain throughout one's entire life and be precursors of cancer. In animals and in humans, the antigens from malignant neoplasms crossreact with anti-fetal antibodies. Many tumors express fetal antigens and secrete fetal products. Alpha-feto-protein was found in adult cancer of the liver; carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) has been reported in cancer of the colon-rectum; fetal alkaline phosphatase has been found in many adult cancers. Fetal tissue injected into animals will immunize these animals against certain transplanted tumors. Recently, in a lecture at Salk Institute, Sir Peter Medawar, Nobel Prize winner in medicine and until recently the head of the British Medical Research Council, described the use of quasi-fetal tissue as helpful in treating cancer of the adult. The infant's immune system is not fully developed. In fact, one can transfuse an infant without typing because he has built no antibodies to the blood types in early infancy. It has been shown in individuals of any age who are immune-deficient, either by heredity or acquired that the rate of malignancy may be as high as 10,000 times that of the general population. The immune system controls cancer development to a great extent. Published data suggests that the immune system detects and destroys embryonic cells or components thereof that may be a locus for cancer development. Our studies demonstrated that in some 85,353 BCG vaccinated newborns followed over a period of 20 years, there was an overall 74 percent reduction in the death rate from all forms of cancer when compared to a similar group not vaccinated. The differences were highly significant statistically. At an International Symposium, "BCG Vaccination Against Cancer and Leukemia" held in Chicago October 4-6, 1982, papers were presented from the U.S.A. (83), Austria (7), and Israel (54) which support the thesis of a lowering of mortality from cancer and leukemia in infants vaccinated at birth with BCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Analysis of a local-area wireless network (2000)

To understand better how users take advantage of wireless networks, we examine a twelve-week trace of a building-wide local-area wireless network. We analyze the network for overall user behavior (when and how intensively people use the network and how much they move around), overall network traffic and load characteristics (observed throughput and symmetry of incoming and outgoing traffic), and traffic characteristics from a user point of view (observed mix of applications and number of hosts connected to by users).
Potential therapeutic roles for antibody mixtures (2013)

With the enormous success of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs) as human therapeutics, there are increasing efforts underway to explore new molecular entities that mimic rMAbs to replicate this huge success. In addition to naked intact rMAbs, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), FAb and F(ab')2 fragments and also Fc fusion proteins have been developed and/or marketed as human therapeutics to treat different human diseases, including life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Several hundreds more intact rMAbs, ADCs, FAb, F(ab')2 fragments and Fc fusion proteins are currently undergoing human clinical trials. In addition to these molecules, new type of antibody fragments such as single-chain Fvs (scFvs), VH, scFv-Fc, scFv-CH, scFAb, scFv-zipper, diabodies, bispecific antibodies and similar types of constructs are also being investigated to be developed as human monotherapeutics. Further, there are quite a few current examples of combinations of biologics being developed. For example, currently, several biopharmaceutical companies are developing combinations of antibody mixtures as human therapeutics. Accordingly, the question posed here is whether it is time to consider the possibility of developing a broader range of combinations of therapeutic biologics. Combinations of small organic molecules have been successfully used as therapeutics for many years to treat many diseases, so the context of using polypharmacology to treat human diseases is not novel. For the past several decades, intravenous immunoglobulins have successfully been used in treating various autoimmune diseases. In this context, several biotechnology companies are exploring the use of combinations of antibody mixtures as human therapeutics. This editorial discusses these current efforts and the potential future role of antibody mixtures as human therapeutics.
The Endocannabinoid System and Liver Diseases (2008)

Endogenous cannabinoids (EC) are ubiquitous lipid signalling molecules provided by a number of central and peripheral effects, which are mainly mediated by the specific cannabinoid receptors CB(1) and CB(2). Although the expression of these receptors is very low or even absent in the healthy liver, a considerable series of experimental studies and some clinical observations have recognised the EC system as an important player in the pathophysiology of liver diseases. The EC system is highly up-regulated during chronic liver diseases and, to date, it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis and the development of the cardiovascular abnormalities of cirrhosis, such as the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome and cirrhotic cardiomiopathy. Furthermore, the EC system influences the mechanisms responsible for cell damage and the inflammatory response during acute liver injury, such as that resulting from ischaemia-reperfusion. Thus, molecules targeting the CB(1) and CB(2) receptors may represent potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of liver diseases. At present, the CB(1) antagonists represent the most attractive pharmaceutical tool to resolve fat accumulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and to treat patients with cirrhosis, as they may slow the progression of fibrosis and attenuate the cardiovascular alterations associated with the advanced stage of the disease.
Purification of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II by immunoaffinity chromatography. Elution of active enzyme with protein stabilizing agents from a polyol-responsive monoclonal antibody. (1990)

Active eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with the highly conserved heptapeptide repeat of the largest subunit. This mAb (designated SWG16) was conjugated to CNBr-activated Sepharose and used to purify RNAP II from wheat germ and calf thymus. The subunit composition of the immunoaffinity-purified enzyme was essentially the same as RNAP II purified by conventional chromatography except that it contained only the form with the unproteolyzed largest subunit. Active enzyme could be eluted from the SWG16-Sepharose, at pH 7.9, with combinations of low molecular weight polyols and nonchaotropic salts. The superior eluting procedure used combinations of ethylene glycol (30-40%) and ammonium sulfate (0.5-0.75 M). Active enzyme also could be eluted with a synthetic peptide containing four repeats of the heptapeptide; however, the peptide was not as effective as the polyol and salt combinations for eluting the enzyme. This mAb should be useful for purifying RNAP II from many eukaryotic species. Because the elution of enzyme from the immunoadsorbent seems to be dependent upon the presence of a polyol, this antibody is referred to as a "polyol-responsive mAb." A procedure that helps to identify a polyol-responsive mAb and to optimize the eluting conditions is described. Polyol-responsive mAbs might have broad applicability to the purification of many labile enzymes by immunoaffinity chromatography.
The Role of murMN Operon in Penicillin Resistance and Antibiotic Tolerance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2001)

The recently identified murMN operon is essential for the production of branched-structured muropeptides in the cell wall and also for the expression of the resistant phenotype in penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The purpose of studies described in this communication was to understand better the role of murMN in penicillin resistance. Deletion of murM in the penicillin-resistant strain Pen6, which causes reduction in the penicillin MIC from 6.0 to 0.03 microg/ml, was successfully complemented to recover the original high level of penicillin resistance in transformants that received functional murM alleles cloned in plasmid pLS578. Inactivation of penicillin resistance was not accompanied by any detectable change in the low affinity or abnormal molecular size pattern of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) nor in the mosaic sequence of PBP2X typical of resistant strain Pen6. Exposure of strain Pen6 with inactivated murM to 0.05 microg/ml of penicillin (i.e., a concentration more than 100 times below the MIC of the parental strain) initiated a phenotypic response typical of penicillin-susceptible strains of pneumococci: inhibition of growth followed by rapid and extensive loss of viability and lysis. Unexpectedly, inactivation of murMN also caused hypersensitivity to lysis by low concentrations of a variety of cell wall active antibiotics such as fosfomycin, D-cycloserine, and nisin, suggesting that the murMN operon may perform an important regulatory role in the control of the irreversible antimicrobial effects of cell wall inhibitors.
Sequence-specific recognition of B DNA by bis(EDTA-distamycin)fumaramide (1985)

We report a new sequence-specific DNA binding molecule, bis(EDTA-distamycin)fumaramide (BEDF)8 (Figure 2). This crescent-shaped octaamide contains two N-methylpyrrole tripeptide units’-6 coupled at the amino termini via fumaric acid (Figure 2). Attachment of EDTA to the carboxy terminus of each tripeptide allows use of the affinity cleaving methodM to visualize the sequence and size of the DNA recognition site by analysis of DNA cleavage patterns on 32P-end-labeled DNA restriction fragments by high-resolution denaturing gel electrophoreses.
RTS,S/AS02A Malaria Vaccine Does Not Induce Parasite CSP T Cell Epitope Selection and Reduces Multiplicity of Infection (2006)

RTS,S/AS02A did not select for genotypes encoding divergent T cell epitopes in the C-terminal region of CSP in this trial. In both cohorts, there was a modest reduction in the mean number of parasite genotypes harboured by vaccinated children compared with controls, but only among those with asymptomatic infections.
Broad-bandwidth pulse amplification to the 10-μJ level in an ytterbium-doped germanosilicate fiber (1996)

The saturation characteristics of pulse amplification in an ytterbium-doped fiber are studied. The highest pulse energy obtained is 12 microJ at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Even with gain narrowing, the fiber is capable of amplifying the bandwidth of 100-fs pulses at 1 microm.