gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalizing Chaitin's Algorithm: Graph-Coloring Register Allocation for Irregular Architectures (2002)

We consider the problem of generalizing Chaitin-style graph-coloring register allocation to the irregular architectures used in embedded systems. A class of formal machine descriptions is introduced, capable of describing a wide range of irregular architectures. We extend Chaitin's register allocation algorithm to handle any architectural constraints that can be expressed using these machine descriptions. The generalized algorithm is applicable to a wider range of architectures and systems than any other adaptation of Chaitin's algorithm found in the literature. We argue that the modifications to the original algorithm can be combined with most important extensions to Chaitin's framework, for example coalescing and optimistic coloring.
A Microbial Fuel Cell Type Lactate Biosensor Using a Metal-Reducing Bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens (1999)

A fuel cell type biosensor for lactate was developed using a metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens IR-1. Under the operational conditions, the bacterial cell suspension generated the current without an electrochemical mediator in the presence of lactate. The current was proportional to the lactate concentration up to 30 mM.
A new cell structure for sub-quarter micron high density flash memory (2002)

A new cell structure named ACT (Asymmetrical Contactless Transistor) is proposed for high density data storage applications which require low voltage, low power consumption and fast program/erase. The ACT cell with a lightly doped source and heavily doped drain realizes a simple virtual ground array using the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling mechanism for both program and erase. A self-aligned floating-gate wing technology is introduced to increase gate coupling ratio in word-line direction without sacrificing cell area. A cell area as small as 0.39 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with a coupling ratio of 0.55 is obtained using 0.3 /spl mu/m process technology. The low programming current of the ACT cell enables multiple programming to be used and thus it is possible to achieve fast programming (<1 /spl mu/s/byte) with a low single supply voltage (<3 V). A good disturb immunity in program, erase and read modes is also obtained.
Survie et effets chez l'homme des bactéries ingérées dans les laits fermentés (1993)

Les bactries lactiques constituent un apport majeur de probiotiques dans les pays industrialiss. Pour exercer leurs effets sur l'hte, il est ncessaire qu'ils atteignent vivants leur site d'action un niveau de population suffisant, de l'ordre de 107 bactries/ml. Except au moment de la naissance, les facteurs de dfense de l'hte s'opposent efficacement l'implantation durable de toute bactrie exogne dans la flore colique dominante. Cependant, ce rejet des bactries exognes n'est pas incompatible avec l'expression d'activits mtaboliques des bactries en transit, condition que leur administration soit poursuivie. Aprs son ingestion dans un lait ferment, Bifidobacterium sp prsente une survie remarquable, lui permettant d'atteindre des concentrations coliques suprieures 10 9 bactlml, ie compatibles avec l'expression d'effets probiotiques. Plusieurs travaux ont dmontr que Lactobacillus bulgaricus et Streptococcus thermophilus amlioraient la digestibilit du lactose chez les sujets intolrants ce disaccharide. L'ingestion de Lactobacillus sp et de Bifidobacterium sp entrane des modifications quantitatives et qualitatives de la flore bactrienne colique comme la diminution de certaines bactries endognes potentiellement pathognes ou la diminution de certaines activits enzymatiques bactriennes fcales incrimines dans la cancrognse rectocolique. Cependant, la signification de ces effets et les principaux mcanismes d'action des probiotiques ne sont pas connus. bifidobactrie /Iactobacille liait ferment 1 probiotique Summary -Survival and effects of bacteria ingested in fermented milk in man. Lactic acid bacteria constitute a significant proportion of probiotics in developed countries. The prerequisite to exert a probiotic effect on the host is that they reach their site of action alive and at a sufficiently high population tevet, ie 107 bactlml in the environment where they will be active. Exogenous bacteria cannot colonize the intestinal tract because of the barrier effect exerted by indigenous intestinal microttore, except in the newbom. However, even in the absence of intestinal cotonizetion, exogenous bacteria can exert significant probiotic effects, provided they are in continuous transit in the guI. Following its ingestion in fermented milk, exogenous Bifidobacterium sp reach a fecallevel higher than 109 bactlml, ie compatible with metabolic probiotic activities. Several works have demonstrated thay yogurt bacteria, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, improve lactose digestibility in lactase deficient subjects. Lactobacillus sp and Bifidobacterium sp ingestion leads to quantitative and qualitative alterations in colonie f/ora, such as a drop in fecal counts of potentially harmful bacteria and a decrease in fecal bacterial enzymatic activities which play a rote in colonie carcinogenesis. However, the significance of such effects and the mechanisms of action of probiotics are still unknown. bifidobacteria /Iactobacillus / fermented milk / probiotics
Grafting Reaction of Platinum Organometallic Complexes on Silica-Supported or Unsupported Heteropolyacids (2011)

Silica-supported Keggin-type heteropolyacids react with platinum(II) complexes displaying a Pt-CH3 group, leading to the evolution of methane and the formation of an organometallic fragment grafted on the polyacid. This species has been characterized by various physicochemical methods such as microanalyses, infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 1D and 2D MAS NMR, and EXAFS. Molecular models were also prepared by reaction of the nonsupported anhydrous polyacid with the platinum(II) methyl complexes. These compounds were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 183W, and 195Pt) and in the solid state by X-ray diffraction on monocrystals. All data indicate that the interaction between the platinum complex and the polyoxometalate is weak and that this system is better expressed as an organometallic platinum salt of the supported heteropolyacid. This complex can be seen as one of the intermediates in the partial oxidation of methane to methanol, its synthesis being the reverse reaction of the methane activation.
Fast acquisition of burst and transient signals using a predictive adaptive beamformer (2003)

The author presents a simple prediction algorithm for blindly adapting a narrowband beamformer to rapidly acquire burst or transient signals by exploiting only the abrupt ON/OFF transitions of the transient waveforms, that is without using knowledge of the frequency or DOA (direction of arrival) of the signal of interest or knowledge of the manifold, geometry, or noise covariance of the array. It is shown via analysis and computer simulation that the algorithm is able to detect burst and transient signals, and to capture those signals with maximum attainable output SINR (signal-to-interference and -noise ratio) in environments containing severe stationary cochannel interference. In particular, it is shown that the algorithm can adapt a four-element antenna to blindly detect and capture FSK (frequency shift keying) bursts with 10-20-ms burst durations in less than 2 ms, even at low power levels ( approximately 4-dB signal-to-white-noise ratio) and in the presence of strong ( approximately 50-dB SIR) stationary interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oxidized LDL and Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Stable Coronary Artery Disease (1998)

Elevated plasma levels of oxidized LDL are associated with CAD. Elevated plasma levels of MDA-modified LDL suggest plaque instability and may be useful for the identification of patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Spread, Circulation, and Evolution of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2014)

MERS-CoV adaptation toward higher rates of sustained human-to-human transmission appears not to have occurred yet. While MERS-CoV transmission currently appears weak, careful monitoring of changes in MERS-CoV genomes and of the MERS epidemic should be maintained. The observation of phylogenetically related MERS-CoV in geographically diverse locations must be taken into account in efforts to identify the animal source and transmission of the virus.
Spectral decomposition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform (2005)

Abstract This paper presents a new methodology for computing a time-frequency map for nonstationary signals using the continuous-wavelet transform (CWT). The conventional method of producing a time-frequency map using the short time Fourier transform (STFT) limits time-frequency resolution by a predefined window length. In contrast, the CWT method does not require preselecting a window length and does not have a fixed time-frequency resolution over the time-frequency space. CWT uses dilation and translation of a wavelet to produce a time-scale map. A single scale encompasses a frequency band and is inversely proportional to the time support of the dilated wavelet. Previous workers have converted a time-scale map into a time-frequency map by taking the center frequencies of each scale. We transform the time-scale map by taking the Fourier transform of the inverse CWT to produce a time-frequency map. Thus, a time-scale map is converted into a time-frequency map in which the amplitudes of individual frequencies rather than frequency bands are represented. We refer to such a map as the time-frequency CWT (TFCWT). We validate our approach with a nonstationary synthetic example and compare the results with the STFT and a typical CWT spectrum. Two field examples illustrate that the TFCWT potentially can be used to detect frequency shadows caused by hydrocarbons and to identify subtle stratigraphic features for reservoir characterization.
The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of bile salts. Inverse correlation between reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic mobilities and micellar cholesterol-solubilizing capacities. (1982)

To examine quantitatively the hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of bile salts, we determined the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) mobilities of monomeric bile salt solutions and the equilibrium cholesterol-solubilizing capacities of 100 mM micellar solutions. Studies with the common bile salts (ursodeoxycholate, UDC, cholate, C, chenodeoxycholate, CDC, and deoxycholate, DC) demonstrated that HPLC mobility, which correlates with hydrophilicity, was markedly influenced by both position and orientation, in addition to number, of hydroxyl functions, in that mobility decreased in the order UDC > C > CDC > DC. Conjugation of the bile salt was also important, in that the HPLC mobility of the taurine (T)-conjugates was greater than the glycine (G)-conjugates which in turn was greater than that of the free bile salts. Equilibrium micellar cholesterol solubilities were also influenced by bile salt structure and correlated inversely with hydrophilicity, in that solubility decreased in the order DC > CDC > C > UDC with free bile salts > G-conjugates > T conjugates. For each bile salt series, double logarithmic plots of the cholesterol-solubilizing capacities expressed in mole fraction units versus the HPLC retention factors (k') gave linear relationships. Linear regression equations were employed to predict the equilibrium cholesterol-solubilizing capacities of a number of less common bile salts from their HPLC retention factors. Each theoretical value agreed closely with that derived entirely by experiment. A comparison of the HPLC mobilities of the less common bile salts with the more common species revealed that not only were sulfate and oxo substituents more hydrophilic than alpha-oriented hydroxyl functions, but, in the dihydroxy species, a single equatorial hydroxyl function such as in UDC (3alpha,7beta) and in hyodeoxycholate (3alpha,6alpha) was more hydrophilic than two or three hydroxyl functions at 3, 7, and/or 12alpha (axial) positions. These studies taken together suggest that reverse-phase HPLC mobility and equilibrium cholesterol-solubilizing capacities are inverse functions of each other and correlate closely with the hydrophilicity of bile salt molecules. In addition, the evidence here deduced further strengthens our recent deductions based on an evaluation of a number of other physical-chemical properties (Carey, M. C., J-C. Montet, M. C. Phillips, M. J. Armstrong, and N. A. Mazer, 1981. Biochemistry. 20: 3637-3648.) that cholesterol may be solubilized in micellar bile salt solutions by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic association with the external ("hydrophilic") surface of bile salt micelles rather than with the hydrophobic surface of the micelle's interior.-Armstrong, M. J., and M. C. Carey. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of bile salts. Inverse correlation between reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic mobilities and micellar cholesterol-solubilizing capacities.
Neuronal connexin36 association with zonula occludens‐1 protein (ZO‐1) in mouse brain and interaction with the first PDZ domain of ZO‐1 (2004)

Among the 20 members in the connexin family of gap junction proteins, only connexin36 (Cx36) is firmly established to be expressed in neurons and to form electrical synapses at widely distributed interneuronal gap junctions in mammalian brain. Several connexins have recently been reported to interact with the PDZ domain-containing protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which was originally considered to be associated only with tight junctions, but has recently been reported to associate with other structures including gap junctions in various cell types. Based on the presence of sequence corresponding to a putative PDZ binding motif in Cx36, we investigated anatomical relationships and molecular association of Cx36 with ZO-1. By immunofluorescence, punctate Cx36/ZO-1 colocalization was observed throughout the central nervous system of wild-type mice, whereas labelling for Cx36 was absent in Cx36 knockout mice, confirming the specificity of the anti-Cx36 antibodies employed. By freeze-fracture replica immunogold labelling, Cx36 and ZO-1 in brain were found colocalized within individual ultrastructurally identified gap junction plaques, although some plaques contained only Cx36 whereas others contained only ZO-1. Cx36 from mouse brain and Cx36-transfected HeLa cells was found to coimmunoprecipitate with ZO-1. Unlike other connexins that bind the second of the three PDZ domains in ZO-1, glutathione S-transferase-PDZ pull-down and mutational analyses indicated Cx36 interaction with the first PDZ domain of ZO-1, which required at most the presence of the four c-terminus amino acids of Cx36. These results demonstrating a Cx36/ZO-1 association suggest a regulatory and/or scaffolding role of ZO-1 at gap junctions that form electrical synapses between neurons in mammalian brain.
Thalidomide reduces serum C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 and induces response to IL‐2 in a fraction of metastatic renal cell cancer patients who failed IL‐2‐based therapy (2004)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has some antitumor activity in patients with renal cell carcinoma. It has been noted that response to IL-2 and prognosis may be adversely affected by elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). We used thalidomide to treat patients with cancer-induced cachexia and noted that the drug significantly reduced serum levels of CRP and IL-6 to normal or near normal levels in a substantial fraction of patients. We tested whether thalidomide might potentiate the response of patients with renal cell carcinoma to IL-2. Four patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and high serum levels of CRP and IL-6 who had experienced disease progression on IL-2 were retreated with the same IL-2 regimen combined with thalidomide 300 mg p.o. daily. Two patients achieved good partial responses and 2 patients had prolonged disease stabilization with the combination of IL-2 plus thalidomide. The regimen was well tolerated without increased IL-2-associated toxicity. Reduction of serum CRP or IL-6 levels with thalidomide may enhance the responsiveness of renal cell carcinoma to IL-2. A Phase II study of the combination is in order. It is possible that the thalidomide-induced normalization of serum acute phase proteins might improve the response of other types of malignancy to IL-2 or other immune-based therapies.
Synthesis and Mesoscopic Order of a Sugar-Coated Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene) (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis and Mesoscopic Order of a Sugar-Coated Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)Belma Erdogan, James N. Wilson, and Uwe H. F. BunzView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 21, 7863–7864Publication Date (Web):September 4, 2002Publication History Received31 May 2002Revised25 July 2002Published online4 September 2002Published inissue 1 October 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma025564xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma025564xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Carbohydrates,Conjugated polymers,Polymers,Solvents Get e-Alerts
An Expert System Based Preventive Medicine Examination Adviser (1995)

Periodic preventive medicine examinations generally rely on a standardized approach. In addition, they are often performed by physicians with only limited training in preventive medicine. Evaluation of a corporate-based program led to the prototype development of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based expert system to collect information from employees and make very specific recommendations for primary practitioners. Unique features include the customizing of questions for each subject and the selection of information to be acquired, both based on answers to previous questions. Recommendations are highly person specific and fall into four categories: laboratory testing, primary physician testing, counseling, and referral. The AI approach allows for easy updating of recommendations in order to meet changes in local preventive resources and national recommendations.
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG<sub>35-55</sub>) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice (2014)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a strong neurodegenerative component. While the exact etiology of the disease is yet unclear, autoreactive T lymphocytes are thought to play a central role in its pathophysiology. MS therapy is only partially effective so far and research efforts continue to expand our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease and to develop novel treatment strategies. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model for MS sharing many clinical and pathophysiological features. There is a broad diversity of EAE models which reflect different clinical, immunological and histological aspects of human MS. Actively-induced EAE in mice is the easiest inducible model with robust and replicable results. It is especially suited for investigating the effects of drugs or of particular genes by using transgenic mice challenged by autoimmune neuroinflammation. Therefore, mice are immunized with CNS homogenates or peptides of myelin proteins. Due to the low immunogenic potential of these peptides, strong adjuvants are used. EAE susceptibility and phenotype depends on the chosen antigen and rodent strain. C57BL/6 mice are the commonly used strain for transgenic mouse construction and respond among others to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The immunogenic epitope MOG35-55 is suspended in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) prior to immunization and pertussis toxin is applied on the day of immunization and two days later. Mice develop a "classic" self-limited monophasic EAE with ascending flaccid paralysis within 9-14 days after immunization. Mice are evaluated daily using a clinical scoring system for 25-50 days. Special considerations for care taking of animals with EAE as well as potential applications and limitations of this model are discussed.
Generation of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines (1986)

Electrical pulses shorter than 0.6 ps were generated by photoconductively shorting a charged coplanar transmission line with 80 fs laser pulses. After propagating 8 mm on the line the electrical pulses broadened to only 2.6 ps.
Use of a reporter transgene to generate arabidopsis mutants in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. (1993)

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is a major proteolytic pathway in the cytoplasm and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. We introduced a gene encoding a substrate for this pathway into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgene codes for a hybrid protein consisting of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, EC 1.5.1.3) fused to a degradation signal that is specifically recognized by components of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis pathway. Elevated concentrations of the DHFR protein confer resistance to the drug methotrexate, but rapid degradation prevents accumulation of the protein in the plant. Therefore, transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing the DHFR fusion protein are methotrexate-sensitive. Selection for mutants resistant to methotrexate resulted in plants impaired in degradation of the DHFR model substrate, as shown by an increase in protein level in the mutants.
Introduction to Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing (2018)

During the last decade, high-throughput sequencing methods have revolutionized the entire field of biology. The opportunity to study entire transcriptomes in great detail using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has fueled many important discoveries and is now a routine method in biomedical research. However, RNA-seq is typically performed in "bulk," and the data represent an average of gene expression patterns across thousands to millions of cells; this might obscure biologically relevant differences between cells. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) represents an approach to overcome this problem. By isolating single cells, capturing their transcripts, and generating sequencing libraries in which the transcripts are mapped to individual cells, scRNA-seq allows assessment of fundamental biological properties of cell populations and biological systems at unprecedented resolution. Here, we present the most common scRNA-seq protocols in use today and the basics of data analysis and discuss factors that are important to consider before planning and designing an scRNA-seq project. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.