gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The T cell death knell: immune-mediated tumor death in renal cell carcinoma. (2001)

The antitumor effect of T cells is executed either through CD95 or Perforin (PFN)/Granzyme B (GrB) pathways. Induction of apoptosis by either mode requires activation of caspase family members. However, recent studies have suggested that cell death can proceed in the absence of caspase induction and apoptotic events. We investigated the contribution of CD95 and PFN/GrB-mediated cytotoxicity to apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms of cell death in human renal cell carcinoma. Although freshly isolated and cultured tumors expressed CD95 on their surface, they were resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis. CD95 resistance coincided with decreased levels of FADD protein and diminished caspase-3-like activity. In contrast, we demonstrated that tumor cell death mediated by PFN/GrB can be achieved in the absence of functional caspase activity and is accompanied by a dramatic accumulation of nonapoptotic necrotic cells.
Immune cells in peripheral lymph and skin of patients with obstructive lymphedema. (1990)

Lymph stasis in the extremities caused by interruption of lymphatics or insufficient lymph propulsion is often complicated by recurrent skin infections. To shed further light on this subject, we studied the phenotypical and functional characteristics of cells in peripheral lymph and skin of patients with obstructive lymphedema. Compared with controls, patients with secondary lymphedema displayed a high concentration of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in peripheral lymph, sometimes increased numbers of B cells, increased density of Langerhans cells in the epidermis and occasionally in the skin papillary layer, strong expression of class II antigens on skin endothelial cells and mononuclear infiltration around blood vessels, and margination of granulocytes in skin blood vessels. Reactivity of lymph cells to mitogens was augmented. Taken together these findings indicate that ongoing chronic inflammatory processes persist in skin with lymph stasis, and, moreover, with impaired lymphocyte and Langerhans cell trafficking from skin to regional lymph nodes and inefficient clearance of foreign antigens, these lymphedematous limbs become susceptible to infection.
Shape Memory Polymer Research (2009)

The past several years have witnessed significant advances in the field of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with the elucidation of new compositions for property tuning, the discovery of new mechanisms for shape fixing and recovery, and the initiation of phenomenological modeling. We critically review research findings on new shape memory polymers along these lines, emphasizing exciting progress in the areas of composites, novel recovery triggering, and new application developments.
Microchip Electrospray: Improvements in Spray and Signal Stability during Gradient Elution by an Inverted Postcolumn Makeup Flow (2011)

Dynamic changes in mobile phase composition during high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gradient elution coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) sensitively affect electrospray modes. We investigate the impact of the eluent composition on spray stability and MS response by infusion and injection experiments with a small tetrapeptide in water-acetonitrile mixtures. The employed HPLC/electrospray (ESI)-MS configuration uses a microchip equipped with an enrichment column, a separation column, and a makeup flow (MUF) channel. One nano pump is connected to the separation column, while a second one delivers solvent of exactly inverted composition to the MUF channel. Both solvent streams are united behind the separation column, before the ESI tip, such that the resulting electrosprayed solution always has identical composition during a gradient elution. Analyte peak parameters without and with MUF compensation are determined and discussed with respect to the electrospray mode and eluent composition. The postcolumn MUF significantly improves spray and signal stability over the entire solvent gradient, without compromising the performance of the HPLC separation column. It can also be conveniently implemented on microchip platforms.
High-frequency conjugal plasmid transfer from gram-negative Escherichia coli to various gram-positive coryneform bacteria (1990)

We report on the mobilization of shuttle plasmids from gram-negative Escherichia coli to gram-positive corynebacteria mediated by P-type transfer functions. Introduction of plasmids into corynebacteria was markedly enhanced after heat treatment of the recipient cells. High-frequency plasmid transfer was also observed when the restriction system of the recipient was mutated. On the basis of our data, we conclude that efficient DNA transfer from gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria, at least to coryneform bacteria, is conceivable in certain natural ecosystems.
Controlling the size and shape of gold nanoparticles in fulvic acid colloidal solutions and their optical characterization using SERS (2005)

The size and shape of nanoparticles can be controlled by varying the pH and concentration of the fulvic acid (FA) colloidal solution. FA thin solid films with embedded Au nanoparticles have been fabricated, and their optical field enhancing properties tested in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy data indicated that the size of nanoparticles ranges from 4 to 15 nm for films obtained at pH 11 and 8. At pH 5, however, hexagonal and triangular particles of ∼50 nm and truncated triangles of ∼200 nm are produced with a high concentration of fulvic acid (250 mg L−1). The number and size of truncated triangles can be diminished by decreasing the concentration of FA in the colloidal solution. This unprecedented control of size and shape was preserved in thin solid FA films embedding the gold nanoparticles. The plasmon-assisted enhancing optical properties are demonstrated by SERS of 2-naphthalenethiol, an analyte with a well defined SERS spectrum.
Notch-1 regulates transcription of the epidermal growth factor receptor through p53 (2008)

The Notch pathway plays a key role in the development and is increasingly recognized for its importance in cancer. We demonstrated previously the overexpression of Notch-1 and its ligands in gliomas and showed that their knockdown inhibits glioma cell proliferation and survival. To elucidate the mechanisms downstream of Notch-1 in glioma cells, we performed microarray profiling of glioma cells transfected with Notch-1 small interfering RNA. Notable among downregulated transcripts was the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known to be overexpressed or amplified in gliomas and prominent in other cancers as well. Further studies confirmed that Notch-1 inhibition decreased EGFR messenger RNA (mRNA) and EGFR protein in glioma and other cell lines. Transfection with Notch-1 increased EGFR expression. Additionally, we found a significant correlation in levels of EGFR and Notch-1 mRNA in primary high-grade human gliomas. Subsequent experiments showed that p53, an activator of the EGFR promoter, is regulated by Notch-1. Experiments with p53-positive and -null cell lines confirmed that p53 partially mediates the effects of Notch-1 on EGFR expression. These results show for the first time that Notch-1 upregulates EGFR expression and also demonstrate Notch-1 regulation of p53 in gliomas. These observations have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms of Notch in cancer and development.
ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO Y SOBREVIVENCIA DEL OSTIÓN DEL PACÍFICO Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1873) EN BARRA DE NAVIDAD, JALISCO, MÉXICO (2001)

Durante 16 semanas, se llevó a cabo la engorda experimental de ostión del Pacífico Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1873) en la Laguna de Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, México, con un sistema de cultivo de fondo en perchas. Las semillas de ostión, inicialmente de 8.02 ± 1.97 mm de longitud promedio y 0.06 ± 0.02 g de peso húmedo, alcanzaron una talla promedio de 6.1 ± 0.76 cm y un peso de 38.74 ± 11.21 g, con una sobrevivencia final del 48%. Con base a estos resultados, se sugiere la posibilidad de desarrollar cultivos exitosos de C. gigas bajo las condiciones ambientales de la laguna. En el presente documento se exponen brevemente los antecedentes en el cultivo de esta especie en Barra de Navidad durante los últimos cinco años con relación a las condiciones de manejo empleadas, así como los principales problemas técnicos enfrentados.
Chitotriosidase levels in patients with severe endometriosis (2011)

We found that the activity of chitotriosidase in plasma was statistically higher in severe endometriosis patients than women without endometriosis.
Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase III Study of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Versus Topotecan (2001)

The comparable efficacy, favorable safety profile, and convenient dosing support the role of PLD as a valuable treatment option in this patient population.
The Dysregulated Podocyte Phenotype (1999)

Podocytes are highly differentiated, postmitotic cells, whose function is largely based on their complex cytoarchitecture. The differentiation of podocytes coincides with progressive expression of maturity markers, including WT-1, CALLA, C3b receptor, GLEPP-1, podocalyxin, and synaptopodin. In collapsing forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), including idiopathic FSGS and HIV-associated nephropathy, podocytes undergo characteristic, irreversible ultrastructural changes. This study analyzes the expression pattern of the above differentiation markers and of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in collapsing idiopathic FSGS and HIV-associated nephropathy compared with minimal change disease, membranous glomerulopathy, as well as normal adult and fetal human kidney. In minimal change disease and membranous glomerulopathy, all mature podocyte markers were retained at normal levels despite severe proteinuria and foot process fusion; no cell proliferation was observed. In contrast, in collapsing idiopathic FSGS and HIV-associated nephropathy, there was disappearance of all markers from all collapsed glomeruli and of synaptopodin from 16% of noncollapsed glomeruli. This phenotypic dysregulation of podocytes was associated with cell proliferation in both diseases. It is concluded that the loss of specific podocyte markers defines a novel dysregulated podocyte phenotype and suggests a common pathomechanism in collapsing FSGS, whether idiopathic or HIV-associated.
Immunoprotection by beta-1,3 glucan antigen combination in Plasmodium berghei infection in mice. (1989)

In an attempt to protect mice against experimental infection with P. berghei, mice were immunized against soluble extract of P. berghei in combination with beta-1,3 glucan or FCA and also independently. Mice immunized against P. berghei antigen-glucan developed well defined cell mediated and humoral immune responses, while mice injected with antigen FCA or antigen alone developed only an antibody response. Antigen-glucan immunization afforded a high degree of immune protection to the host against the challenge with live parasites.
Comparative Genomic Evidence for a Close Relationship between the Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacteria Hyphomonas neptunium and Caulobacter crescentus (2006)

The dimorphic prosthecate bacteria (DPB) are alpha-proteobacteria that reproduce in an asymmetric manner rather than by binary fission and are of interest as simple models of development. Prior to this work, the only member of this group for which genome sequence was available was the model freshwater organism Caulobacter crescentus. Here we describe the genome sequence of Hyphomonas neptunium, a marine member of the DPB that differs from C. crescentus in that H. neptunium uses its stalk as a reproductive structure. Genome analysis indicates that this organism shares more genes with C. crescentus than it does with Silicibacter pomeroyi (a closer relative according to 16S rRNA phylogeny), that it relies upon a heterotrophic strategy utilizing a wide range of substrates, that its cell cycle is likely to be regulated in a similar manner to that of C. crescentus, and that the outer membrane complements of H. neptunium and C. crescentus are remarkably similar. H. neptunium swarmer cells are highly motile via a single polar flagellum. With the exception of cheY and cheR, genes required for chemotaxis were absent in the H. neptunium genome. Consistent with this observation, H. neptunium swarmer cells did not respond to any chemotactic stimuli that were tested, which suggests that H. neptunium motility is a random dispersal mechanism for swarmer cells rather than a stimulus-controlled navigation system for locating specific environments. In addition to providing insights into bacterial development, the H. neptunium genome will provide an important resource for the study of other interesting biological processes including chromosome segregation, polar growth, and cell aging.
Serum-free corneal organ culture medium (SFM) but not conventional minimal essential organ culture medium (MEM) protects human corneal endothelial cells from apoptotic and necrotic cell death (2010)

SFM is superior to MEM in promoting HCEC survival.
Distance to Thrombus in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2015)

Background and Purpose— In patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke, therapeutic decisions are influenced by the location of the occlusion. This study aimed to analyze clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic MCA stroke treated with systemic intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, according to the location of the occlusion. Methods— Of 621 patients screened, 136 with acute stroke and MCA occlusion confirmed by CT angiography were retrospectively included in this study. The distance from the carotid T to the thrombus (DT) on coronal maximum intensity projection images and the thrombus length were measured. The correlation between DT and the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days was analyzed. Results— DT was an independent predictor of clinical outcome in stroke patients treated with IVT. A long DT was significantly correlated with a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days ≤2). A poor clinical outcome was exponentially more likely than a good outcome when the DT was &lt;16 mm ( P &lt;0.001). The thrombus length was not correlated with the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. A long thrombus (&gt;8 mm) occurred significantly more often in the proximal MCA than the distal MCA ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusion— DT is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients with acute MCA occlusion treated with IVT. In acute stroke with MCA occlusion confirmed by CT angiography and DT &lt;16 mm, the likelihood of a good clinical outcome after treatment with IVT was exponentially &lt;50%. This might warrant the evaluation of other therapy forms than IVT in patients with proximal MCA occlusion.
A Pilot Study of Prednisone in Alzheimer's Disease (1996)

Preliminary to a multicenter trial, an open-label study was conducted of prednisone treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Prednisone was given at an initial dose of 10 mg (part 1) or 20 mg (part 2) and tapered over 7 weeks. There were no serious adverse events attributed to the medication, and there were no significant changes in either mean cognitive or behavioral assessment scores with treatment during either part. Serum levels of the acute phase proteins alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and C-reactive protein did not change significantly during part 1, but were suppressed by the higher dose given in part 2. Thus, a prednisone regimen with an initial dose of 20 mg is tolerable and results in suppression of the acute phase response in Alzheimer's disease.
Expression of CD40 identifies a unique pathogenic T cell population in type 1 diabetes (2002)

Juvenile diabetes (type 1) is an autoimmune disease in which CD4(+) T cells play a major role in pathogenesis characterized by insulitis and beta cell destruction leading to clinical hyperglycemia. To date, no marker for autoimmune T cells has been described, although it was previously demonstrated that autoimmune mice have a large population of CD4(+) cells that express CD40. We show here that established, diabetogenic T cell clones of either the Th1 or Th2 phenotype are CD40-positive, whereas nondiabetogenic clones are CD40-negative. CD40 functionally signals T cell clones, inducing rapid activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB. We show that autoimmune diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice have high levels of CD40(+)CD4(+) T cells in the thymus, spleen, and importantly, in the pancreas. Finally, as demonstrated by adoptive transfers, CD4(+)CD40(+) cells infiltrate the pancreatic islets causing beta-cell degranulation and ultimately diabetes.
Dof1 and Dof2 transcription factors are associated with expression of multiple genes involved in carbon metabolism in maize (2000)

Dof proteins are transcription factors that appear to be unique to plants. Maize Dof1 has been suggested to be a regulator for C4 photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4PEPC) gene expression. The present study demonstrates that Dof1 also enhances transcription from the promoters of both cytosolic orthophosphate dikinase (cyPPDK) genes and a non-photosynthetic PEPC gene, which are not present in animals. Expression of Dof1-specific antisense RNA or the DNA-binding domain of Dof1 alone reduced the activities of these promoters in maize leaf protoplasts. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed several Dof1-binding sites in these promoters. The cyppdk1 promoter contained two Dof1-binding sites, one of which was linked to the binding site of a plant bZIP protein. By using deleted or mutated cyppdk1 promoters, both Dof1-binding sites were shown to be functional. Furthermore, Dof1 elevated the activities of the cyppdk and pepc promoters more strongly in greening protoplasts than in etiolated protoplasts, in accordance with the different activities of these promoters in two types of protoplasts. Another Dof protein of maize, Dof2, suppressed the activity of the C4pepc promoter but was able to activate certain other promoters. These results suggest that Dof proteins may play regulatory roles in multiple gene expressions associated with the plant-specific pathway for carbon metabolism in maize. In addition, the primary characteristic of Dof proteins, i.e. different activities in distinct types of cells and opposite actions on promoters in different contexts, suggests the potential of Dof proteins to differentially regulate diverse promoters in a variety of plant tissues. Speculation raised by these results concerning the evolution of the C4pepc gene is also discussed.
Validation of a Host Response Assay, SeptiCyte LAB, for Discriminating Sepsis from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in the ICU (2018)

SeptiCyte LAB appears to be a promising diagnostic tool to complement physician assessment of infection likelihood in critically ill adult patients with systemic inflammation. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01905033 and NCT02127502).
A sorting signal for the basolateral delivery of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein lies in its luminal domain: analysis of the targeting of VSV G-influenza hemagglutinin chimeras. (1989)

When synthesized in polarized epithelial cells, the envelope glycoproteins hemagglutinin of influenza and G of vesicular stomatitis virus are targeted to the apical and basolateral plasma membranes, respectively. To determine which portions of these transmembrane proteins contain information necessary for their sorting, the behavior of two different G-hemagglutinin chimeric polypeptides, consisting of all or nearly all the luminal portion of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein linked to C-terminal segments of influenza hemagglutinin that included its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, was studied in MDCK cells transformed with the corresponding cDNAs. Both chimeras were transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and from there to the cell surface with the same rapid kinetics as the intact G protein. By using a cell surface immunoprecipitation assay with monolayers cultured on permeable filters that allows the recovery of labeled protein molecules present in each cell surface domain, it was found that both chimeric proteins as well as the intact G protein were delivered almost exclusively to the basolateral surface. This polarized distribution of the polypeptides did not change during a subsequent 90-min chase period, although during this time a large fraction of the glycoprotein molecules underwent degradation. In addition, a small fraction of the cell surface-associated glycoprotein molecules shed their ectoplasmic segments into the basolateral compartment, apparently as a result of a proteolytic cleavage. Immunofluorescence on transverse frozen sections and immunoelectron microscopy revealed a prominent accumulation of the chimeric polypeptides in the lateral cell membranes, with lesser amounts on the basal and apical surfaces. These results indicate that information specifying the basolateral transport of the G glycoprotein is located within the first 426 N-terminal amino acids of its ectoplasmic portion.
Extended 10 Gb/s fiber transmission distance at 1538 nm using a duobinary receiver (1994)

Chromatic dispersion penalties at 10 Gb/s and 1550 nm wavelength depend on the transmission bandwidth, not just the baseband information bandwidth. Duobinary transmission is known to reduce the transmission bandwidth relative to that of binary transmission. Using binary transmission, with both negative and zero chirp modulators, we present the first comparison of binary and duobinary reception and achieve an improvement in the chromatic dispersion limited transmission distance using duobinary reception. A 3.8 dB dispersion penalty is observed at 160 km using negative chirped binary transmission coupled to a receiver with a duobinary filter and decision circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Strength and ductility behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and helices (2015)

Long-term durability is a concern for Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. Instances of premature deterioration of concrete structures due to corrosion of steel reinforcement are increasing. The use of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in RC structures may resist premature deterioration. Although RC building and bridge columns in coastal areas are susceptible to significant deterioration, studies on concrete columns reinforced with GFRP bars and helices are limited. Also, design codes do not recommend the use of GFRP bars in compression members. This study investigates the use of GFRP bars and helices as longitudinal and lateral reinforcement, respectively, in concrete columns. Five circular normal strength RC columns with 205 mm in diameter and 800 mm in height were cast and tested under concentric loads. The influence of the longitudinal GFRP reinforcement and the spacing of the GFRP helices on the strength and ductility capacity of the columns were investigated. The experimental results showed that the contribution of the longitudinal GFRP bars was lower than the contribution of longitudinal steel bars to the load carrying capacity of the columns. Also, the load carrying capacity of the GFRP-RC columns was smaller than that of steel-RC columns. However, the ductility capacity of the columns was not affected by the use of GFRP helix instead of steel helix.