gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermochemical erosion and thermophysical properties of phenolic resin/carbon fiber/graphite nanocomposites (2016)

The main objective of this work is an experimental investigation and an analytical modeling of ablation and to analyze the thermophysical properties of nanocomposites based on novolac resin/short carbon fiber/graphite nanocrystalline powders in oxyacetylene flame test. The composite consisting of 40 wt.% carbon fiber was prepared as reference sample of which matrix was modified with three different percentages (6, 9 and 12 wt.%) of nano-sized graphite powders as reinforcement. Ablation is calculated by mass balance equation. Some parameters in the ablation modeling are evaluated by simultaneous thermal gravimetric analysis technique. Results of this work show that ablation rates decrease by the addition of graphite powders. The theoretical ablation rates are 33–38% less than the experimental data analyzed by oxyacetylene flame tests. This difference is reasonable because the effect of fluid stream force of oxyacetylene flame that causes the thermomechanical erosion of the surface is omitted in theoretical calculations. Therefore the model only calculates thermochemical erosion. Also, the thermophysical properties change due to heating is analyzed. Moreover, in nanocomposite with 9 wt.% graphite nanopowders, the rate of ablation and thermal diffusivity coefficient decreased by 10% and 50%, respectively, and thermal stability increased by 12% compared to the reference sample.
Binding of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to 32- to 33-kilodalton human intestinal brush border proteins (1997)

We have detected human intestinal brush border proteins to which Escherichia coli strains adhere by means of a blotting-nitrocellulose method in which the binding of radiolabeled bacteria to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated intestinal cell membranes was evaluated. The brush border fraction contained several polypeptides that bound only adherent E. coli strains. The most prominent and consistent of these proteins had apparent molecular masses of 32 to 33 kDa. Additional polypeptides ranging from 50 to 70, from 105 to 130, and from 180 to 200 kDa were also recognized by adherent E. coli strains, although with less intensity (in accordance with the number of bound bacteria to these polypeptides). Independently of the pattern of adherence (localized [LA], diffuse [DA], or aggregative [AggA]) all HEp-2-adhering strains recognized, with different intensities, the 32- to 33-kDa brush border proteins, whereas nonadhesive strains did not. The relative avidity of an LA strain to bind to the 32- to 33-kDa proteins was approximately seven- and sixfold higher than the binding of strains with aggregative and diffuse adherence, respectively. Thus, it is reasonable to think that LA, DA, and AggA strains have a common adhesin that mediates binding to the 32- to 33-kDa bands. Inhibition experiments using HEp-2 cells demonstrated that isolated 32- to 33-kDa proteins or specific antiserum blocked preferentially bacterial adherence of the LA pattern. Delipidization and protein digestion of the human brush borders confirmed that E. coli bound to structures of a proteinaceous nature. Deglycosylation studies and sodium meta-periodate oxidation of the intestinal cell membranes decreased bacterial binding activity significantly, indicating that E. coli bound to carbohydrate moieties in the glycoproteins. These results suggest that binding of E. coli strains, mainly of the LA phenotype, to the 32- to 33-kDa proteins could play a role in colonization through adherence to the intestinal mucosa.
Fulvestrant 500 mg Versus Anastrozole 1 mg for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer: Overall Survival Analysis From the Phase II FIRST Study (2015)

There are several limitations of this OS analysis, including that it was not planned in the original protocol but instead was added after time-to-progression results were analyzed, and that not all patients participated in additional OS follow-up. However, the present results suggest fulvestrant 500 mg extends OS versus anastrozole. This finding now awaits prospective confirmation in the larger phase III FALCON (Fulvestrant and Anastrozole Compared in Hormonal Therapy Naïve Advanced Breast Cancer) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01602380).
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a promising novel targeted treatment for B cell lymphomas (2013)

Constitutive or aberrant signalling of the B cell receptor signalling cascade has been implicated in the propagation and maintenance of a variety of B cell malignancies. Small molecule inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a protein early in this cascade and specifically expressed in B cells, have emerged as a new class of targeted agents. There are several BTK inhibitors, including ONO-WG-307, LFM-A13, dasatinib, CC-292, and PCI-32765 (ibrutinib), in preclinical and/or clinical development of which ibrutinib is currently in phase III trials. Recent clinical data suggest significant activity of ibrutinib as a first in class oral inhibitor of BTK. This review provides an overview of ongoing clinical studies of BTK inhibitors.
Patient-Specific Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Blastocysts (2007)

Parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes may be one way to produce histocompatible cells for cell-based therapy. We report the successful derivation of six pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines from blastocysts of parthenogenetic origin. The parthenogenetic human embryonic stem cells (phESC) demonstrate typical hESC morphology, express appropriate markers, and possess high levels of alkaline phosphatase and telomerase activity. The phESC lines have a normal 46, XX karyotype, except one cell line, and have been cultured from between 21 to 35 passages. The phESC lines form embryoid bodies in suspension culture and teratomas after injection to immunodeficient animals and give differentiated derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. DNA profiling of all six phESC lines demonstrates that they are MHC matched with the oocyte donors. The study of imprinted genes demonstrated further evidence of the parthenogenetic origin of the phESC lines. Our research has resulted in a protocol for the production of human parthenogenetic embryos and the derivation of stem cell lines from them, which minimizes the presence of animal-derived components, making the derived phESC lines more suitable for potential clinical use.
Carriage of GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus RNA Is Associated with a Slower Immunologic, Virologic, and Clinical Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease in Coinfected Persons (1999)

The prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is high in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. However, the long-term consequences of coinfection are unknown. HIV-positive persons with a well-defined duration of infection were screened on the basis of their GBV-C/hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA status and studied. GBV-C/HGV viremia was observed in 23, who carried the virus over a mean of 7.7 years. All parameters (survival, CDC stage B/C, HIV RNA load, CD4 T cell count) showed significant differences in terms of the cumulative progression rate between persons positive and negative for GBV-C/HGV RNA. When GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive and -unexposed subjects were matched by age, sex, baseline HIV RNA load, and baseline CD4 T cell count, HIV disease progression appeared worse in GBV-C/HGV RNA-negative subjects. The carriage of GBV-C/HGV RNA is associated with a slower progression of HIV disease in coinfected persons.
Silicon oxynitride rugate filters grown by reactive pulse magnetron sputtering (2004)

Optical inhomogeneous gradient films have been produced by reactive pulse magnetron sputtering of a silicon target in a variable mixture of the reactive gases oxygen and nitrogen. The presented coating system allows the automatic deposition of the gradient films with predefined, freely varying refractive index at a deposition rate of 1 nm/sec uniformly across 8” diameter. This system has been used for deposition of antireflective coatings, rugate filters, edge filters and dichroic filters composed of Si<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>N<sub>z</sub> films with both gradient and sharp transitions between oxide and nitride. The deposited antireflective coatings consist of one gradient and one homogeneous layer and have a reflectivity of less than 0.5% in the wavelength range between 440 and 620 nm. Thermal substrate load during deposition of these coating is considerably lower than for deposition of conventional multilayer of silicon and titanium oxide. An example of a deposited simple narrow band rugate filter has 45 cycles of sinusoidal refractive index modulations between 1.67 and 1.95, resulting in a reflectivity of &gt; 99.9% at 550 nm with a half-power bandwidth of 42.5nm and an average transmission of 95% in the remaining visual spectral range. The produced edge and dichroic filters consist of quarter-wave oxide and nitride layers. All films have been deposited at one sputtering station without interruption of the plasma thus guaranteeing a very stable, reproducible and highly efficient process.
Discovery of 1-(2-Aminomethylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-N- [3-fluoro-2‘-(aminosulfonyl)[1,1‘-biphenyl)]-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxyamide (DPC602), a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Factor Xa Inhibitor (2003)

Factor Xa, a serine protease, is at the critical juncture between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation cascade. Inhibition of factor Xa has the potential to provide effective treatment for both venous and arterial thrombosis. We recently described a series of meta-substituted phenylpyrazoles that are highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors. In this paper we report our efforts to further optimize the selectivity profile of our factor Xa inhibitors with a series of ortho- and/or para-substituted phenylpyrazole derivatives. The most potent compounds display sub-nanomolar inhibition constants for factor Xa and show greater than 1000-fold selectivity against other serine proteases. These compounds are also effective in a rabbit model of arteriovenous shunt thrombosis. Optimization of this series led to the preclinical development of DPC602, a 2-(aminomethyl)phenylpyrazole analogue, as a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitor.
In utero nanoparticle delivery for site-specific genome editing (2018)

Genetic diseases can be diagnosed early during pregnancy, but many monogenic disorders continue to cause considerable neonatal and pediatric morbidity and mortality. Early intervention through intrauterine gene editing, however, could correct the genetic defect, potentially allowing for normal organ development, functional disease improvement, or cure. Here we demonstrate safe intravenous and intra-amniotic administration of polymeric nanoparticles to fetal mouse tissues at selected gestational ages with no effect on survival or postnatal growth. In utero introduction of nanoparticles containing peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and donor DNAs corrects a disease-causing mutation in the β-globin gene in a mouse model of human β-thalassemia, yielding sustained postnatal elevation of blood hemoglobin levels into the normal range, reduced reticulocyte counts, reversal of splenomegaly, and improved survival, with no detected off-target mutations in partially homologous loci. This work may provide the basis for a safe and versatile method of fetal gene editing for human monogenic disorders.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Causes Potentiation of Right Vagus Nerve Effects on Atrial Chronotropic Function and Repolarization in Canines (2010)

The data indicate that SCS may cause potentiation of parasympathetic influences on the atria in response to cervical VgN stimulation. Such SCS effects appear to be mediated via decreased tonic inhibitory sympathetic influences in the presence of intact stellate ganglion connections to central neurons.
Endothelial α ν β 3 Integrin–Targeted Fumagillin Nanoparticles Inhibit Angiogenesis in Atherosclerosis (2006)

This study illustrates the potential of combined molecular imaging and drug delivery with targeted nanoparticles to noninvasively define atherosclerotic burden, to deliver effective targeted drug at a fraction of previous levels, and to quantify local response to treatment.
Optical recordings of taste responses from fungiform papillae of mouse in situ (2001)

Single taste buds in mouse fungiform papillae consist of approximately 50 elongated cells (TBCs), where fewer than three TBCs have synaptic contacts with taste nerves. We investigated whether the non-innervated TBCs were chemosensitive using a voltage-sensitive dye, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), under in situ optical recording conditions. Prior to the optical recordings, we investigated the magnitude and polarity of receptor potentials under in situ whole-cell clamp conditions. In response to 10 mM HCl, several TBCs were depolarized by approximately 25 mV and elicited action potentials, while other TBCs were hyperpolarized by approximately 12 mV. The TBCs eliciting hyperpolarizing receptor potentials also generated action potentials on electrical stimulation. A mixture of 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM HCl and 500 mM sucrose depolarized six TBCs and hyperpolarized another three TBCs out of 13 identified TBCs in a taste bud viewed by optical section. In an optical section of another taste bud, 1 M NaCl depolarized five TBCs and hyperpolarized another two TBCs out of 11 identified TBCs. The number of chemosensitive TBCs was much larger than the number of innervated TBCs in a taste bud, indicating the existence of chemosensitivity in non-innervated TBCs. There was a tendency for TBCs eliciting the same polarity of receptor potential to occur together in taste buds. We discuss the role of non-innervated TBCs in taste information processing.
Interferon alpha2b is the predominant subvariant detected in human genomic DNAs. (1994)

Chromosomal DNAs isolated from eight individuals from the Slovak population and from lymphoblastoid Namalwa cells were analyzed for the presence of genes coding for three subvariants of human interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2), namely a, b, and c. The respective genes are regarded allelic, because they differ in the coding nucleotide sequence only at the position 137 (a:A, b/c:G) and/or at the position 171 (a/b:A, c:G). IFN-alpha 2 sequences in genomes were selectively amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Resulting "consensus" PCR-product (the total mixture of PCR-derived clones) was sequenced and the subvariant-specific nucleotides at position 137 and 171 were determined. In one placental genomic DNA and in a mixture of genomic DNAs from leukocytes of seven donors only nucleotides specific for subvariant IFN-alpha 2b could be detected. This suggests that the placental DNA contained only genes coding for IFN-alpha 2b and these alleles were at least prevailing in donor's genomes. On the other hand, the majority of genomic alpha 2-sequences in Namalwa cells (from which IFN-alpha 2c was originally derived), seems to be corresponding to subvariant IFN-alpha 2c.
Chromosomal DNA Replication Initiates at the Same Origins in Meiosis and Mitosis (1994)

Autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements are identified by their ability to promote high-frequency transformation and extrachromosomal replication of plasmids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Six of the 14 ARS elements present in a 200-kb region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III are mitotic chromosomal replication origins. The unexpected observation that eight ARS elements do not function at detectable levels as chromosomal replication origins during mitotic growth suggested that these ARS elements may function as chromosomal origins during premeiotic S phase. Two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis was used to map premeiotic replication origins in a 100-kb segment of chromosome III between HML and CEN3. The pattern of origin usage in premeiotic S phase was identical to that in mitotic S phase, with the possible exception of ARS308, which is an inefficient mitotic origin associated with CEN3. CEN3 was found to replicate during premeiotic S phase, demonstrating that the failure of sister chromatids to disjoin during the meiosis I division is not due to unreplicated centromeres. No origins were found in the DNA fragments without ARS function. Thus, in both mitosis and meiosis, chromosomal replication origins are coincident with ARS elements but not all ARS elements have chromosomal origin function. The efficiency of origin use and the patterns of replication termination are similar in meiosis and in mitosis. DNA replication termination occurs over a broad distance between active origins.
Fusion of a novel gene,ELKS, toRET due to translocation t(10;12)(q11;p13) in a papillary thyroid carcinoma (1999)

In papillary thyroid carcinomas, the genes for receptor-type tyrosine kinase, RET or TRKA, are sometimes rearranged, resulting in fusion of its tyrosine kinase domain to 5' portions of several activating genes. In a papillary thyroid carcinoma, we identified a novel gene (ELKS), the 5' portion of which is fused to the RET gene by gene rearrangement due to the translocation t(10;12)(q11;p13). Subsequent cloning of the ELKS cDNA revealed that ELKS encodes a novel 948 amino acid peptide and is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues. The presence of multiple coiled-coil domains in the ELKS product suggests that the ELKS protein forms dimers. Since the tyrosine kinase of RET is activated by dimerization that occurs when its ligands bind to the receptor, fusion of RET with the 5' dimerization domains of ELKS would activate its cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase constitutively in papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: An in situ hybridization study (1996)

The distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor (PACAP-R) was examined in the rat brain, and also in the hypophysis and pineal gland, by in situ hybridization with a specific 35S-labeled riboprobe which was generated from a rat PACAP-R cDNA clone. In the brain, expression of PACAP-R mRNA was most prominent in the periglomerular and granule cells of the olfactory bulb, granule cells of the dentate gyrus, supraoptic nucleus, and area postrema. The expression was also intense in the piriform, cingulate, and retrosplenial cortices, pyramidal cells in CA2, non-pyramidal cells in CA1-CA3, neuronal cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, lateral septal nucleus, intercalated amygdaloid nucleus, anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, most of the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, many regions of the hypothalamus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, hypoglossal nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus. No significant expression was detected in the mitral and tufted cells in the olfactory bulb, pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3, posterior nuclear group of the thalamus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and Purkinje, Golgi, and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex. Moderate-to-weak expression was further observed in many other regions of the brain. In the cerebellar cortex, presumed Bergmann glia cells showed moderate expression. In the hypophysis, the expression was moderate in the anterior lobe, and weak to moderate in the posterior lobe; no significant expression was observed in the intermediate lobe. In the pineal gland, the expression was very weak, if any. Thus, the expression of PACAP-R was detected not only on neuronal cells but also on some particular glial cells. The present study has shown, for the first time, the exact site of PACAP-R expression in the brain and hypophysis. Although the functional significance of PACAP and PACAP-R in the brain still remains to be clarified, the present results are considered to provide some direction for future functional studies. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
COMPLETE LOSS OF FUNCTIONAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS PRECEDES VASCULAR REMODELING IN RAT AORTA ALLOGRAFTS (1999)

These results indicate that, after Tx, the contractile property of rat aorta allografts is altered before manifest vascular remodeling. Because this can be prevented by cyclosporine, it most likely reflects an acute rejection of SMC. These results also show that vascular graft dysfunction can be used to monitor the development of rejection in the rat aorta allograft model.
Wood-Consumption Rate and Survival of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) when Fed One of Six Woods Used Commercially in Hawaii (1986)

Redwood and cedar were the most resistant or least preferred woods of the 6 wood species fed to the Formosan subterranean termite. Significantly more Ponderosa pine, spruce, hemlock and Douglas fir were consumed than redwood or cedar. There were no statistically significant differences in consumption between redwood and cedar and no significant differences in the amounts of the other 4 wood species consumed. Both redwood and cedar apparently were not completely suitable food for the termites. 100% of the termites fed redwood died within 3 weeks and approximately 50% of those fed cedar died in the same period.
Wissensbasis von DIPSEX-P (1992)

In den Abschnitten 5.1 bis 5.4 ist das Fachwissen wiedergegeben, auf dem die Detailuntersuchungen der Kapazitätsnutzung, der Bestände, der Durchlaufzeiten und der Termintreue beruhen. Anschließend wendet sich Kapitel 5.5 den Unterschieden zwischen Detail- und Überblicksbetrachtungen zu.
Review of wafer dicing techniques for via-middle process 3DI/TSV ultrathin silicon device wafers (2015)

Dicing of ultrathin (e.g. <; 75um thick) “via-middle” 3DI/TSV semiconductor wafers proves to be challenging because the process flow requires the dicing step to occur after wafer thinning and back side processing. This eliminates the possibility of using any type of “dice-before-grind” techniques. In addition, the presence of back side alignment marks, TSVs, or other features in the dicing street can add challenges for the dicing process. In this presentation, we will review different dicing processes used for 3DI/TSV via-middle products. Examples showing the optimization process for a 3DI/TSV memory device wafer product are provided.
Rate control and bit allocation for MPEG-4 (1999)

In previous years, an interest has developed in the coded representations of video signals allowing independent manipulation of semantically independent elements (objects). Along these lines, the ISO standard MPEG-4 enhances the traditional concept of the video sequence to convert it into a synchronized set of visual objects organized in a flexible way. The real-time generation of a bitstream according to this new paradigm, and suitable for its transmission through either fixed- or variable-rate channels, results in a challenging new bit allocation and rate control problem, which has to satisfy complex application requirements. This paper formalizes this new issue by focusing on the design of rate control systems for real-time applications. The proposed approach relies on the modelization of the source and the optimization of a cost criterion based on signal quality parameters. Different cost criteria are provided, corresponding to a set of relevant definitions of the object priority concept. Algorithms are introduced to minimize the average distortion of the objects, to guarantee desired qualities to the most relevant ones, and to keep constant ratios among the object qualities. The techniques have been applied to a coder implementing the MPEG-4 video verification model, showing good properties in terms of achievement of the control objectives.