gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantized electron transport in amorphous-silicon memory structures (1991)

Conduction in the ON state of amorphous-silicon memory devices is constrained to a narrow conducting filament. We present experimental evidence to show that the memory ON state is associated with quantized electron transport which is presumably related to quantum confinement effects in the small conducting filament. Current-voltage characteristics of typical ON states exhibit discrete steps which correspond to quantized resistance states and the steps split appropriately in a magnetic field. An especially notable feature is that the quantization can be observed at relatively high temperatures (up to \ensuremath{\sim}190 K).
Interleukin 1 inhibitory activity secreted by a human myelomonocytic cell line (M20) (1986)

Culture supernatants from a myelomonocytic cell line (M20) were found to inhibit interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity in vitro. The factor, isolated from these supernatants, inhibited augmentation of phytohemagglutinin response of mouse thymus cells induced by IL 1 derived from several established cell lines. Various IL 1-dependent activities such as lymphocyte and fibroblast proliferation in vitro were also inhibited by the factor. The factor did not inhibit IL 2-induced or other proliferative responses not related to IL 1. Preliminary biochemical characterization of the factor indicated that the activity resides in a protein with a molecular mass of 52 kDa.
Comparison of the Argon Tunable Dye Laser with the Flashlamp Pulsed Dye Laser in Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia (1994)

We conclude that the objective final results favor the FPDL over the ATDL for treatment of facial telangiectasia, but that the ATDL is still an important option for patient acceptance.
Secondary structure as primary determinant of the efficiency of ribosomal binding sites inEscherichia coli (1986)

Using a previously described vector (pKL203) we fused several heterologous ribosomal binding sites (RBSs) to the lacZ gene of E. coli and then studied the variation in expression of the fusions. The RBSs originated from bacteriophage Q beta and MS2 genes and the E. coli genes for elongation factor EF-Tu A and B and ribosomal protein L11 (rplK). The synthesis of the lacZ fusion proteins was measured by an immuno precipitation method and found to vary at least 100-fold. Lac-specific mRNA synthesis follows the variation in protein production. It appears that there is a correlation between the efficiency of an RBS to function in the expression of the fused gene and the lack of secondary structure, involving the Shine and Dalgarno nucleotides (SDnts) and/or the initiation codon. This efficiency is context dependent. The sequence of the SD nts and the length and sequence of the spacer region up to the initiation codon alone are not able to explain our results. Deletion mutations, created in the phage Q beta replicase RBS, reveal a complex pattern of control of expression, probably involving the use of a "false" initiation site.
Elucidation of LSD In Vitro Metabolism by Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry* (1996)

The in vitro metabolism of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by human liver microsomes was investigated. Tandem mass spectrometric techniques, using precursor and neutral loss scans, were employed in the initial search for drug metabolites. The determination of LSD human liver in vitro metabolites was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Two new in vitro metabolites, lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE) and 2-oxo-LSD, were positively identified; their structures were established by comparing with reference standards. Several other possible in vitro metabolites detected were suggested to be mono- and trioxylated metabolites of LSD. The major metabolic route of LSD by human liver microsomes is deethylation. Some results with LSD-positive human urine are presented. Among the LSD-related compounds detected in human urine specimens, iso-LSD was present at the highest concentration, followed by nor-LSD and isonor-LSD. Low concentrations of LAE and iso-LAE were also found in these urine specimens.
Lacunarity analysis of spatial pattern in CT images of vertebral trabecular bone for assessing osteoporosis (2001)

The structural integrity of vertebral trabecular bone is determined by the continuity of its trabecular network and the size of the holes comprising its marrow space, both of which determine the apparent size of the marrow spaces in a transaxial CT image. A model-independent assessment of the trabeculation pattern was determined from the lacunarity of thresholded CT images. Using test images of lumbar vertebrae from human cadavers, acquired at different slice thicknesses, we determined that both median thresholding and local adaptive thresholding (using a 7 x 7 window) successfully segmented the grey-scale images. Lacunarity analysis indicated a multifractal nature to the images, and a range of marrow space sizes with significant structure around 14-18 mm(2). Preliminary studies of in vivo images from a clinical CT scanner indicate that lacunarity analysis can follow the pattern of bone loss in osteoporosis by monitoring the homogeneity of the marrow spaces, which is related to the connectivity of the trabecular bone network and the marrow space sizes. Although the patient sample was small, derived parameters such as the maximum deviation of the lacunarity from a neutral (fractal) model, and the maximum derivative of this deviation, seem to be sufficiently sensitive to distinguish a range of bone conditions. Our results suggest that these parameters, used with bone mineral density values, may have diagnostic value in characterizing osteoporosis and predicting fracture risk.
Interferon-β (2005)

Type I interferons are associated with lupus. Genes that are regulated by IFN-alpha are upregulated in pediatric lupus patients. Gene deletion of the IFN-alpha/beta receptor in experimental lupus-like NZB mice results in reduced disease activity. Conversely, IFN-beta is a well-established treatment in multiple sclerosis, another autoimmune disease. For determining whether IFN-beta treatment is harmful or beneficial in lupus, MRL-Fas(lpr) mice were injected with this type I IFN. Treatment was initiated in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice with mild and advanced disease. IFN-beta was highly effective in prolonging survival and ameliorating the clinical (renal function, proteinuria, splenomegaly, and skin lesions), serologic (autoantibodies and cytokines), and histologic parameters of the lupus-like disease in mice that had mild and advanced disease. Several underlying mechanisms of IFN-beta therapy involving cellular (decreased T cell proliferation and infiltration of leukocytes into the kidney) and humoral (decrease in IgG3 isotypes) immune responses and a reduction in nephrogenic cytokines were identified. In conclusion, IFN-beta treatment of lupus nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice is remarkably beneficial and suggests that IFN-beta may be an appealing therapeutic candidate for subtypes of human lupus.
Chromobacterium Csp_P Reduces Malaria and Dengue Infection in Vector Mosquitoes and Has Entomopathogenic and In Vitro Anti-pathogen Activities (2014)

Plasmodium and dengue virus, the causative agents of the two most devastating vector-borne diseases, malaria and dengue, are transmitted by the two most important mosquito vectors, Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, respectively. Insect-bacteria associations have been shown to influence vector competence for human pathogens through multi-faceted actions that include the elicitation of the insect immune system, pathogen sequestration by microbes, and bacteria-produced anti-pathogenic factors. These influences make the mosquito microbiota highly interesting from a disease control perspective. Here we present a bacterium of the genus Chromobacterium (Csp_P), which was isolated from the midgut of field-caught Aedes aegypti. Csp_P can effectively colonize the mosquito midgut when introduced through an artificial nectar meal, and it also inhibits the growth of other members of the midgut microbiota. Csp_P colonization of the midgut tissue activates mosquito immune responses, and Csp_P exposure dramatically reduces the survival of both the larval and adult stages. Ingestion of Csp_P by the mosquito significantly reduces its susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infection, thereby compromising the mosquito's vector competence. This bacterium also exerts in vitro anti-Plasmodium and anti-dengue activities, which appear to be mediated through Csp_P -produced stable bioactive factors with transmission-blocking and therapeutic potential. The anti-pathogen and entomopathogenic properties of Csp_P render it a potential candidate for the development of malaria and dengue control strategies.
9-cis-Retinoids:  Biosynthesis of 9-cis-Retinoic Acid (2000)

Retinoids function through conformational alterations of ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors, the retinoic acid receptors, and retinoid X receptors. 9-cis-Retinoic acid is a known biological ligand for retinoid X receptors, but its synthesis pathway in vivo is largely unknown. Recently, we identified a cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH) that oxidizes 9-cis-retinol to 9-cis-retinal. Since both the expression of cRDH mRNA and its substrate are found in liver, we studied 9-cis-retinol metabolism and 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthesis in two hepatic-derived cell types, Hep G2 hepatoma cells and HSC-T6 stellate cells. Both cell lines accumulate similar amounts of 9-cis-retinol provided in the medium. However, Hep G2 cells preferentially incorporate all-trans-retinol when equimolar concentrations of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinol were provided. In contrast, HSC-T6 cells did not exhibit a preference between all-trans- and 9-cis-retinol under the same conditions. Esterification of 9-cis-retinol occurred in both cell types, likely by acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase. In vitro enzyme assays demonstrated that both cell types can hydrolyze 9-cis-retinyl esters via retinyl ester hydrolase(s). In Hep G2 cells, 9-cis-retinoic acid synthesis was strongly inhibited by high concentrations of 9-cis-retinol, which may explain the low levels of 9-cis-retinol in liver of mice. Cell homogenates of Hep G2 can convert all-trans-retinol to 9-cis-retinal, suggesting that the free form of all-trans-retinol may be used as a source for 9-cis-retinol and, thus, 9-cis-retinoic acid synthesis. Our studies provide the basis for identification of additional pathways for the generation of 9-cis-retinoic acid in specialized tissues.
Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN: from the rhizosphere to inflorescence tissues (2008)

The colonization pattern of Vitis vinifera L. by Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN was determined using grapevine fruiting cuttings with emphasis on putative inflorescence colonization under nonsterile conditions. Two-week-old rooted plants harbouring flower bud initials, grown in nonsterile soil, were inoculated with PsJN:gfp2x. Plant colonization was subsequently monitored at various times after inoculation with plate counts and epifluorescence and/or confocal microscopy. Strain PsJN was chronologically detected on the root surfaces, in the endorhiza, inside grape inflorescence stalks, not inside preflower buds and flowers but rather as an endophyte inside young berries. Data demonstrated low endophytic populations of strain PsJN in inflorescence organs, i.e. grape stalks and immature berries with inconsistency among plants for bacterial colonization of inflorescences. Nevertheless, endophytic colonization of inflorescences by strain PsJN was substantial for some plants. Microscopic analysis revealed PsJN as a thriving endophyte in inflorescence organs after the colonization process. Strain PsJN was visualized colonizing the root surface, entering the endorhiza and spreading to grape inflorescence stalks, pedicels and then to immature berries through xylem vessels. In parallel to these observations, a natural microbial communities was also detected on and inside plants, demonstrating the colonization of grapevine by strain PsJN in the presence of other microorganisms.
The Reliability of Molecular Weight Determinations by Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1969)

Forty proteins with polypeptide chains of well characterized molecular weights have been studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate following the procedure of Shapiro, Vinuela, and Maizel (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 28, 815 (1967)). When the electrophoretic mobilities were plotted against the logarithm of the known polypeptide chain molecular weights, a smooth curve was obtained. The results show that the method can be used with great confidence to determine the molecular weights of polypeptide chains for a wide variety of proteins.
Biodegradable pH-Sensing Dendritic Nanoprobes for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lifetime and Intensity Imaging (2007)

The overproduction of acidic byproducts is implicated in the development of numerous diseases, and there is currently great interest in developing contrast agents that can image acidic tissue in vivo. Here we report a biodegradable pH-sensing near-infrared (NIR) nanoprobe capable of providing both fluorescence intensity amplification and lifetime information. The pH-sensing NIR nanoprobe is synthesized, in six high yielding and scalable steps, and functions within the tissue transparency window. Both fluorescence intensity and lifetime provided complementary physiological (low pH) and molecular (released fluorophore binding to albumin) information, respectively.
Human Platelets Contain mRNA Transcripts for Platelet Factor 4 and Actin (1989)

RNAs from a number of cells, including platelets, were analyzed by Northern blotting for the presence of transcripts to four platelet proteins-actin, thrombospondin, fibronectin, and platelet factor 4. RNA from platelets contains considerable amounts of mRNA for platelet factor 4, easily detectable mRNA for actin, and traces of mRNA for thrombospondin. mRNA for platelet factor 4 was not detected in human lymphocytes or in any of 5 human cell lines.
Simultaneous conduction and radiation in porous and composite materials: effective thermal conductivity (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous conduction and radiation in porous and composite materials: effective thermal conductivityYee C. Chiew and Eduardo D. GlandtCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1983, 22, 3, 276–282Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100011a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i100011a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Sustained Remissions in Leukemia (2014)

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy against CD19 was effective in treating relapsed and refractory ALL. CTL019 was associated with a high remission rate, even among patients for whom stem-cell transplantation had failed, and durable remissions up to 24 months were observed. (Funded by Novartis and others; CART19 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01626495 and NCT01029366.).
Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: A meta-analytic study. (1992)

The effectiveness of memory training for the elderly was examined through a meta-analysis of pre-to-posttest gains on episodic memory tasks in healthy subjects aged 60 or above. Pre-to-posttest gains were found to be significantly larger in training groups (0.73 SD, k = 49) than in both control (0.38 SD, k = 10) and placebo (0.37 SD, k = 8) groups. Treatment gains in training groups were negatively affected by age of participants and duration of training sessions and positively affected by group treatment, pretraining, and memory-related interventions. No differences in treatment gain were obtained as a function of type of mnemonic taught nor the kind of pretraining used.
Detection of serum hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis using the polymerase chain reaction assay. (1989)

We compared the sensitivity of the polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) assay to that of slot-blot hybridization for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum of 31 patients with chronic hepatitis. Of 14 chronic hepatitis patients positive for both HBV surface and HBV e antigens, 9 were positive for HBV DNA by slot-blot hybridization and all 14 by PCR. Also, of 9 patients positive for HBV surface antigen and antibody against HBV e antigen, 2 were positive for HBV DNA by slot-blot analysis and 8 by PCR. Finally, in 8 patients positive for HBV DNA by slot-blot hybridization, but 4 were positive by PCR. We find that analysis by the PCR technique provides a greater than 10(4)-fold increase in sensitivity over the slot-blot hybridization assay. This result represents an important breakthrough in sensitivity because it is now possible to detect as few as three HBV DNA genomes per sample of serum.
c-Cbl-dependent EphA2 protein degradation is induced by ligand binding. (2002)

The EphA2 receptor protein tyrosine kinase is overexpressed and functionally altered in a large number of human carcinomas. Despite its elevated levels in cancer, the EphA2 on the surface of malignant cells demonstrates lower levels of ligand binding and tyrosine phosphorylation than the EphA2 on non-transformed epithelial cells. In our present study, we demonstrate that ligand-mediated stimulation causes EphA2 to be internalized and degraded. The mechanism of this response involves ligand-mediated autophosphorylation of EphA2, which promotes an association between EphA2 and the c-Cbl adaptor protein. We also show that c-Cbl promotes stimulation-dependent EphA2 degradation. These findings are important for understanding the causes of EphA2 overexpression in malignant cells and provide a foundation for investigating EphA2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus and Its Application to Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds (2001)

The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus Phlebovirus (family Bunyaviridae) is an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus with a tripartite genome. Until 2000, RVFV circulation was limited to the African continent, but the recent deadly outbreak in the Arabian Peninsula dramatically illustrated the need for rapid diagnostic methods, effective treatments, and prophylaxis. A method for quantifying the small RNA segment by a real-time detection reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using TaqMan technology and targeting the nonstructural protein-coding region was developed, and primers and a probe were designed. After optimization of the amplification reaction and establishment of a calibration curve with synthetic RNA transcribed in vitro from a plasmid containing the gene of interest, real-time RT-PCR was assessed with samples consisting of RVFV from infected Vero cells. The method was found to be specific for RVFV, and it was successfully applied to the detection of the RVFV genome in animal sera infected with RVFV as well as to the assessment of the efficiency of various drugs (ribavirin, alpha interferon, 6-azauridine, and glycyrrhizin) for antiviral activity. Altogether, the results indicated a strong correlation between the infectious virus titer and the amount of viral genome assayed by real time RT-PCR. This novel method could be of great interest for the rapid diagnosis and screening of new antiviral compounds, as it is sensitive and time saving and does not require manipulation of infectious material.
An Internal Fixator for Posterior Application to Short Segments of the Thoracic, Lumbar, or Lumbosacral Spine Design and Testing (1986)

A new spinal implant has been designed and biomechanical testing completed, intended for application to "short-segment" spinal defects such as disc degeneration, fracture, spondylolisthesis, or tumor. Major improvements over currently available devices include: only 2-3 vertebrae are spanned, not 5-7 as with Harrington rods; true three-dimensional fixation is achieved, preventing such problems as hook or rod dislocation; three-dimensional adjustment is easily accomplished, allowing fracture or spondylolisthesis reduction to be readily performed; attachment to vertebrae is by means of transpedicular screws eliminating deliberate encroachment into the spinal canal, such as Luque wires or Harrington hooks; no special alignment between screws is needed (such as with holes or slots in a plate), allowing screw placement to fully conform to anatomic structures; and laminectomy sites and lumbosacral junction are readily instrumented. Background investigations presented here for design of this device include: CT-defined pedicle morphometry showing that screws may be larger than those currently used; effect of pitch, minor diameter, and tooth profile on screw pull-out strength; mechanical testing of a compact, three-dimensionally adjustable, strong, nonloosening articulating clamp; and establishing of the relationship between depth of penetration and strength of fixation of transpeduncular screws.
Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Threonines (1985)

(d,l)-threo and allo-2-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxybutanoic acids are synthesised from ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate via reduction and saponification of the 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyiminobutanoate. threo-Isomers are stereospecifically obtained by epimerisation of allo-isomers via the corresponding oxazolidinones. An acylation and stereoselective reduction sequence performed on ethyl N,N-dibenzylaminoacetate also leads to threo-isomers (1A) in good yields. An enantioselective synthesis of (L)-4-fluorothreonine by regiospecific opening of (2S), (3R)-3-benzyloxyoxiranecarboxylic acid is reported.