gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EGFR and steroid receptors in ovarian carcinoma: comparison with prognostic parameters and outcome of patients. (1997)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor (ER) status were analyzed in 108 primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma specimens. Receptor concentration was determined with radioligand binding assays. 61% of the carcinomas investigated were positive for EGFR, 29% for PR and 57% for ER. EGFR status was not correlated with histological grading of tumors and no difference in EGFR positivity was found between subgroups of ovarian carcinomas. On the other hand, 50% of the tumors with FIGO stage III and IV and tumors which could not be operated to be free of residual tumor mass were EGFR positive, whereas only 30% were positive within the group of tumors with FIGO stage I and II and no residual tumor mass. The outcome of the carcinoma patients was followed up for a maximum of 100 months. A significant correlation between EGFR positivity and a shorter progressive-free period as well as shorter overall survival was found. For PR and ER status no relation to patient survival became evident. The response to chemotherapy was significantly correlated to EGFR status. After 5 years 63% of the patients with negative versus 25% with positive EGFR were still alive indicating the impaired response of EGFR positive carcinomas to chemotherapy containing platinum compounds.
Turnover of basic chromosomal proteins in fertilized eggs: a cytoimmunochemical study of events in vivo. (1981)

The chromosomal complements of mouse oocytes, ova, and fertilizing sperm have been studied by immunofluorescence with specific antisera to the basic protein fraction of sperm nuclei and to histones H2b and H4, and by staining with ethidium bromide. These studies support the hypothesis, previously proposed (Rodman and Barth, 1979, Dev. Biol. 68:82-95), that the chromosomes of the oocyte in maturation incorporate unique basic protein(s) similar to those incorporated during spermiogenesis. That similarity is characterized, here, by immunologic cross-reactivity. The basic proteins of the fertilizing sperm nucleus and the cross-reactive moiety of the two haploid complements of the ovum are displaced simultaneously, shortly after sperm entry. However, because the unique basic proteins incorporated into the oocyte chromosomes do not, as in the spermatogenic sequence, entirely replace the histones, the maternal chromosomes display histones H2b and H4 at all postfertilization stages examined, whereas the decondensing paternal complement, for an interval before maturation of the pronuclei, contains neither sperm basic chromosomal proteins nor histones. Sequential staining of the same specimens with ethidium bromide revealed well-organized nuclear morphology of the residual DNA complex. Those observations suggest that, for an as yet undefined period in the transformation from spermatozoal to embryonic genome, the chromatin is devoid of a complement of basic proteins.
Prospective randomized trial of lisuride infusion versus oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease (2002)

Motor complications are a major source of disability for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Surgical therapies provide benefit to some, but these treatments are expensive and associated with adverse effects. Current research indicates that motor complications are associated with abnormal, intermittent, pulsatile stimulation of denervated dopamine receptors using short acting dopaminergic agents such as levodopa. Retrospective studies suggest that the use of longer-acting more continuous dopaminergic therapies can improve both motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. We performed a prospective, long-term (4-year) trial comparing patients randomized to receive subcutaneous infusion of the dopamine agonist lisuride versus conventional therapy with oral levodopa and dopamine agonists. We demonstrate that patients receiving lisuride infusions experienced a significant reduction in both motor fluctuations and dyskinesia compared with patients receiving standard dopaminergic therapies. Benefits persisted for the 4-year duration of the study. Mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores in "ON" and "OFF" states did not significantly change between baseline and 4 years for patients in the lisuride group, but deteriorated in patients in the levodopa group. This study indicates that continuous lisuride infusion can be beneficial for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and reverse established motor fluctuations and dyskinesia.
A security architecture for the core part of CS-2 (2002)

This paper presents a new security architecture and its associated security management for the core part of CS-2. Based on a precise and concise approach to identify the different security features needed, adequate key exchange protocols and security mechanisms are proposed and investigated to address the different commercial, regulatory and real time constraints of the IN environment.
Translocation of the c-myc gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in human Burkitt lymphoma and murine plasmacytoma cells. (1982)

The consistent appearance of specific chromosomal translocations in human Burkitt lymphomas and murine plasmacytomas has suggested that these translocations might play a role in malignant transformation. Here we show that transformation of these cells is frequently accompanied by the somatic rearrangement of a cellular analogue of an avian retrovirus transforming gene, c-myc. Moreover, we map c-myc to human chromosome 8 band q24, the chromosomal segment involved in the reciprocal Burkitt translocations [t(8;14), t(8;22) and t(2;8)]. In two t(8;14) human Burkitt cell lines, c-myc appears to have been translocated directly into a DNA restriction fragment that also encodes the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. In the case of a specific cloned fragment of DNA derived from a mouse plasmacytoma, we demonstrate directly that c-myc has been translocated into the immunoglobulin alpha switch region. Our data provide a molecular basis for considering the role that specific translocations might play in malignant transformation.
Antithrombotic potential of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in man. (1977)

The effects of orally ingested dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA), the natural biosynthetic precursor of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), were assessed in human volunteers. Single doses of DHLA (0.1--2g) increased the proportion of DHLA relative to arachidonic acid in plasma and platelets and also increased the ex-vivo capacity of platelets to produce PGE1 and PGE2. More pronounced effects were observed during sustained treatment (five days to four weeks) when DHLA also accumulated in red cell membranes. These biochemical changes were accompanied by potentially antithrombotic changes in haemostatic function. The most common effect, which was consistently detected after 0.1-g single doses of DHLA or its methyl ester, was a decrease in plasma heparin-neutralising activity. Inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate was also detected, though this was generally less pronounced. Sustained treatment in one subject also produced definite inhibition of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. There was only one possible adverse effect--a transient cough in a subject with a history of asthma. DHLA therefore seems to have considerable potential as an agent for preventing and treating human thromboembolic disease.
Biomolecular motors (2005)

The efficient conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work by specialized biological nanomachines enables a wide range of functions in nature, ranging from intracellular transport to large-scale actuation by muscles. Through suitable interfaces, these motor proteins can be employed in synthetic nanodevices with applications in biosensing, self-assembly, and molecular-scale actuation. Here, we give a brief introduction to molecular motors, with an emphasis on motor proteins, describe the challenges in interfacing these bionanomachines with an artificial environment, and provide examples of emerging applications.
High Colonization Rate and Prolonged Shedding of Clostridium difficile in Pediatric Oncology Patients (2014)

Surveillance testing for Clostridium difficile among pediatric oncology patients identified stool colonization in 29% of patients without gastrointestinal symptoms and in 55% of patients with prior C. difficile infection (CDI). A high prevalence of C. difficile colonization and diarrhea complicates the diagnosis of CDI in this population.
Femtosecond passively mode-locked Ti:Al_2O_3 laser with a nonlinear external cavity (1989)

Ultrashort pulses are generated in a Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser by using a coupled nonlinear external cavity. The external cavity uses self-phase modulation in an optical fiber to achieve passive mode locking without the need for synchronous pumping or acousto-optic modulation. A stable train of chirped 1.4-psec pulses is generated. After dispersive compensation, pulses as short as 200 fsec are obtained.
Multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase made calcium-independent for functional studies (1990)

Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) that is transiently expressed in COS-7 cells is essentially inactive when assayed without Ca2+. Physiological activation of the kinase occurs by binding of Ca2+/calmodulin near a putative autoinhibitory subdomain that contains the sequence His282-Arg-Gln-Glu-Thr286. We have markedly increased the Ca2(+)-independent activity of CaM kinase by altering the charge of this sequence by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant containing Asp282-Gly-Glu-Glu-Thr286 is 67% Ca2+ independent. We also mimicked the effect of autophosphorylation at Thr286 by the mutant containing His282-Arg-Gln-Glu-Asp286, which is 36% Ca2+ independent. In addition to delineating the autoinhibitory domain by use of mutations that disable it, these constructs are of immediate practical value for simulating CaM kinase action in vivo without elevating Ca2+. To this end, we show that nuclear microinjection of cDNA of a constitutive mutant, but not of the wild-type kinase, initiates maturation of Xenopus oocytes.
Pathophysiology of the intervertebral disc and the challenges for MRI (2007)

Through its ability to make relatively noninvasive and repeatable measurements, MRI has a great deal to offer, not only to clinical diagnosis of intervertebral disc disorders but also as a tool for basic research into disc physiology and the etiology of disc degeneration. In this brief review we outline the structure of the disc, the composition and organization of its macromolecules, and the changes that occur during disc degeneration, attempting to summarize features that have been or could become targets of MRI characterization. It is important to recognize, however, the fundamental limitation that most of the changes so far observed in MRI are consequences of alterations in cellular metabolism that occurred months to years previously and provide little insight into the current functional status of the tissue. There is therefore a need to develop MR techniques that directly characterize cellular activity and factors such as nutrient delivery on which it is critically dependent. We therefore briefly review cellular energy metabolism and nutrient transport into the avascular disc and consider the ability of MRI to reveal information about such processes. As a corollary of this discussion we also consider the constraints that the unusual transport properties of the disc impose on the delivery of contrast agents to the disc, since an understanding of these limitations is central to interpretation of the resulting images.
Efficient BER Expressions for MIMO-BICM in Spatially-Correlated Rayleigh Channels (2006)

We derive tight expressions for the coded bit error rate of MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with zero-forcing receivers in spatially-correlated Rayleigh channels. The analysis is simpler and more direct than the standard BICM error event expurgation technique, and yields efficient, accurate expressions for the error probability. Based on the analytical results, we obtain the diversity order and show that it is unaffected by the presence of spatial correlation. We then show that spatial correlation induces an SNR loss with respect to i.i.d. channels, which is quantified, and found to depend explicitly on the eigenvalues of the spatial correlation matrices and the antenna configuration, but not on the coding and modulation parameters
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: new opportunities for the treatment of asthma. (1991)

<h3>Background</h3> Central blood flow measurements can provide detailed information on the hemodynamic condition of the preterm infant. However, reference values for right and left ventricular output (RVO and LVO) and superior vena cava flow (SVC flow) are only available for infants in the transitional period. The aim of this study was to determine RVO, LVO and SVC after the transitional period in stable preterm infants. <h3>Methods</h3> RVO, LVO and SVC flow were measured with functional echocardiography on days 7 and 14 of life in stable preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestation, with minimal respiratory support and no cardiovascular support. Infants with a clinical suspicion of an infection within 48 h after data collection or a ductal diameter &gt;1.4 mm were excluded from analysis. <h3>Results</h3> We performed 111 measurements in 62 preterm infants with a median (range) gestational age of 28 (25–31) weeks and birth weight of 1105 (650–2370) g. 57 measurements were analysed on day 7 and 47 on day 14. The mean (SD) RVO, LVO and SVC flow were 429 (116), 296 (74) and 89 (33) ml/kg/min on day 7 and 433 (81), 300 (79) and 86 (26) ml/kg/min on day 14. There were no significant differences in flows between days 7 and 14 in the paired measurements. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study provides central blood flow values in stable preterm infants after the transitional period. The flow variables were shown to remain stable between days 7 and 14.
Understanding referring expressions in a person-machine spoken dialogue (2002)

In the domain of mobile robotic task execution under dialogue control, a primary goal is to identify the task target which is specified by a natural language description. A number of concepts are expressed in the user spoken language by vague terms like "the big box" and "very close to the door". We use fuzzy logic to map these vague terms onto the quantitative data collected by system sensors. Fuzziness may cause uncertainty in interpretation and, in particular, in understanding references. This uncertainty is abated by collecting additional information through queries to the user and autonomous sensing. Entropy is used to select the queries having the greatest discriminatory power among referent candidates. In addition, we examine the trade-off between querying, sensing and uncertainty. A framework to deal with each of these issues has been developed and is presented.
[Studies on the triterpene sapogenins from Albizziae Cortex]. (1997)

A new sapogenin named Julibrogenin A was isolated from the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz (Albizziae Cortex). Based on chemical and spectral studies, their structure has been identified as 21-O-(2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-methoxyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-acacic acid. In addition, machaerinic acid lactone, machaerinic acid methylester, acacigenin B and julibrotriterpenoidal lactone A were also isolated from this plant and characterised.
Identification of receptors for pig endogenous retrovirus (2003)

Xenotransplantation of porcine tissues has the potential to treat a wide variety of major health problems including organ failure and diabetes. Balanced against the potential benefits of xenotransplantation, however, is the risk of human infection with a porcine microorganism. In particular, the transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is a major concern [Chapman, L. E. & Bloom, E. T. (2001) J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285, 2304-2306]. Here we report the identification of two, sequence-related, human proteins that act as receptors for PERV-A, encoded by genes located on chromosomes 8 and 17. We also describe homologs from baboon and porcine cells that also are active as receptors. Conversely, activity could not be demonstrated with a syntenic murine receptor homolog. Sequence analysis indicates that PERV-A receptors [human PERV-A receptor (HuPAR)-1, HuPAR-2, baboon PERV-A receptor 2, and porcine PERV-A receptor] are multiple membrane-spanning proteins similar to receptors for other gammaretroviruses. Expression is widespread in human tissues including peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but their biological functions are unknown. The identification of the PERV-A receptors opens avenues of research necessary for a more complete assessment of the retroviral risks of pig to human xenotransplantation.
Roles of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Diabetes-Induced Vascular Injury (2005)

Diabetic patients have shorter life span and poorer Quality of Life mainly due to diabetic vascular complications. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) account for diabetic vascular complications through their engagement of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the roles of the AGE-RAGE system in diabetes-induced vascular injury. In vitro experiments showed that AGE engagement of RAGE leads to changes in endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes, which are characteristic of diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetic RAGE transgenic mice that overexpress RAGE in vascular cells exhibited the exacerbation of the indices of nephropathy and retinopathy, and this was prevented by the inhibition of AGE formation. RAGE overexpression also caused calcium handling impairment in cardiac myocytes. In contrast to the RAGE-overexpressing mice, diabetic RAGE knockout mice showed marked improvement of nephropathy. We found that human vascular cells express a novel splice variant coding for a soluble RAGE protein and named it endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE). The esRAGE neutralizes AGE actions on EC and is present in human sera. Individual variations in circulating esRAGE could be a determinant for individual differences in susceptibility or resistance to the development of diabetic vascular complications. The AGE-RAGE system should be, therefore, a candidate molecular target for overcoming diabetic vascular complications.
Single Molecule Height Measurements on a Membrane Protein in Nanometer-Scale Phospholipid Bilayer Disks (2000)

Atomic force microscopy can be used to determine the vertical dimension of biological molecules under native conditions with high resolution. Deformation of soft proteins by the scanning force, however, introduces error in the magnitude of the measurement. In this work, the force-dependent height of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, an integral membrane protein, was measured by atomic force microscopy and analyzed to account for the contribution of deformation to the observed height of the molecule above a model membrane surface. Imaging of single reductase molecules was accomplished by reconstitution into 10 nm diameter phospholipid bilayer particles, which provides a way of adsorbing the protein−phospholipid complex on a surface in the proper orientation. The results show that the height of the reductase is drastically underestimated in contact imaging mode. An analysis of force curves taken on single reductase molecules provides a height that better matches the known dimensions of the protein. This technique should be generally useful for determining the vertical dimension of biological samples that are severely deformed by contact imaging forces.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multiple Sclerosis: The Evidence for Neuronal Plasticity (2005)

Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has emerged as a powerful technique to visualize the localization of cerebral activity in both healthy and diseased brains. BOLD fMRI has been used to assess brain function in a variety of diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), and has shown that altered patterns of connectivity are used to recruit more widespread eloquent brain networks engaged in tasks relating to motor activity, sensory and cognitive function, and memory when compared to normal controls. This review will examine the evidence that functional reorganization is a consequence of demyelination and tissue loss in MS that may serve as an adaptive response to limit clinical disability. It remains unclear whether cerebral plasticity is a marker of permanent functional restructuring or a short-term compensatory response to injury. Long-term longitudinal studies that correlate fMRI activity with other MRI markers of disease burden and activity, as well as with clinical measures of disease activity and progression, are badly needed to determine fMRI's relevance to clinical practice and its place as a surrogate outcome measure in MS.
A 20nm low-power triple-gate multibody 1T-DRAM cell (2012)

The new concept of Triple-Gate 1T-DRAM cell features N/P body partition that enables the physical separation of hole storage and electron current. The hole concentration controls the partial or full depletion of the N-core. The cell is compatible with ultimate scaling and shows attractive performance (long retention, wide memory window, simple programming, nondestructive reading, and very low-power operation) for embedded systems.
A cytokinetic approach to determine the range of O2‐dependence of pyrimidine(deoxy)nucleotide biosynthesis relevant for cell proliferation (1992)

In vitro cultured Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells were used because of the ease of their manipulation under different levels of hypoxia. They were used to clarify further the complex mechanism of oxygen-dependent cell proliferation. On reducing the oxygen concentration from 20% to lower levels (1-7%) an increase in the length of the population doubling time with concomitant reductions in protein, RNA and DNA content of cultures were observed. The incorporation of [14C]HCO3- into the RNA fraction of cells by de novo biosynthesis of uridine monophosphate (UMP) was reduced proportionally to the microenvironmental O2 tension. Uptake of this labelled precursor by cells in the presence of N-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate was found to be similarly inhibited. To correlate the reduction of cell growth under hypoxia with the functional pyrimidine supply, hypoxic cells were cultured in the presence of a balanced mixture of deoxynucleosides and/or uridine (100 microM deoxycytidine, 10 microM deoxyadenosine, 10 microM deoxyguanosine, 100 microM uridine). Above 3% O2 in the protective atmosphere, no improvement of growth parameters by the exogenous pyrimidinenucleotide precursors was obtained, whereas these compounds had a positive influence below this level. The increase in cell number was raised to about 60% of that of control cultures (20% O2) irrespective of the oxygen tension. In addition, when above 3% O2 the incorporation of HCO3- into RNA was comparable to that of controls, indicating that the pyrimidine de novo pathway is not a limiting factor in RNA biosynthesis. In conclusion, whereas at suboptimal O2 levels (5-7%) no correlation between pyrimidine metabolism and reduction of proliferation rate appears to exist, at low O2 concentrations (less than 3%) the rate of orotate/UMP production seems to be an important factor in the growth cessation of EAT cells; at critical O2 tensions (less than 1%) the lack of pyrimidine-deoxynucleosides substantially reduces cell cycle progression.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has a prolonged duration of response in the treatment of glabellar lines: Pooled data from two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2) (2019)

DAXI offers a prolonged duration of response for glabellar line reduction and is well tolerated.