gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic decarboxylation of benzoic acid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic decarboxylation of benzoic acidYasuhiro Takemura, Akira Nakamura, Harehiko Taguchi, and Koji OuchiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 2, 213–215Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300018a007https://doi.org/10.1021/i300018a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1330Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser chemical vapor deposition of copper (1985)

The first laser-induced deposition of copper has been demonstrated using a volatile copper coordination complex. The technique is characterized by reasonable rates and by the high quality of copper produced.
Delayed Excimer Fluorescence of Fluoranthene Due to Triplet-Triplet Annihilation: Systematic Study of the Fluorescence from a Weakly Bound Excimer (2001)

Solutions of fluoranthene exhibit a delayed fluorescence (DF) due to triplet-triplet annihilation,
Feature Selection via Concave Minimization and Support Vector Machines (1998)

Computational comparison is made between two feature selection approaches for nding a separating plane that discriminates between two point sets in an n-dimensional feature space that utilizes as few of the n features (dimensions) as possible. In the concaveminimization approach [19,5] a separating plane is generated by minimizing a weighted sum of distances of misclassi ed points to two parallel planes that bound the sets and which determine the separating plane midway between them. Furthermore, the number of dimensions of the space used to determine the plane is minimized. In the support vector machine approach [27, 7, 1, 10, 24, 28], in addition to minimizing the weighted sum of distances of misclassi ed points to the bounding planes, we also maximize the distance between the two bounding planes that generate the separating plane. Computational results show that feature suppression is an indirect consequence of the support vector machine approach when an appropriate norm is used. Numerical tests on 6 public data sets show that classi ers trained by the concave minimization approach and those trained by a support vector machine have comparable 10fold cross-validation correctness. However, in all data sets tested, the classi ers obtained by the concave minimization approach selected fewer problem features than those trained by a support vector machine.
Construction and Characterization of a Triple-Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Encoding B7-1, Interleukin 12, and a Model Tumor Antigen (1998)

This study shows the feasibility of constructing vaccinia viruses that express tumor antigens and multiple immune cofactors to create unique immunologic microenvironments that can modulate immune responses to cancer.
Augmentation of immune responses to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines by IL-2/Ig plasmid administration in rhesus monkeys (2000)

The potential utility of plasmid DNA as an HIV-1 vaccination modality currently is an area of active investigation. However, recent studies have raised doubts as to whether plasmid DNA alone will elicit immune responses of sufficient magnitude to protect against pathogenic AIDS virus challenges. We therefore investigated whether DNA vaccine-elicited immune responses in rhesus monkeys could be augmented by using either an IL-2/Ig fusion protein or a plasmid expressing IL-2/Ig. Sixteen monkeys, divided into four experimental groups, were immunized with (i) sham plasmid, (ii) HIV-1 Env 89.6P and simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 Gag DNA vaccines alone, (iii) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig protein, or (iv) these DNA vaccines and IL-2/Ig plasmid. The administration of both IL-2/Ig protein and IL-2/Ig plasmid induced a significant and sustained in vivo activation of peripheral T cells in the vaccinated monkeys. The monkeys that received IL-2/Ig plasmid generated 30-fold higher Env-specific antibody titers and 5-fold higher Gag-specific, tetramer-positive CD8+ T cell levels than the monkeys receiving the DNA vaccines alone. IL-2/Ig protein also augmented the vaccine-elicited immune responses, but less effectively than IL-2/Ig plasmid. Augmentation of the immune responses by IL-2/Ig was evident after the primary immunization and increased with subsequent boost immunizations. These results demonstrate that the administration of IL-2/Ig plasmid can substantially augment vaccine-elicited humoral and cellular immune responses in higher primates.
C3a activates reactive oxygen radical species production and intracellular calcium transients in human eosinophils (1994)

Whereas C5a is a well-established potent activator of eosinophils, the functional role of C3a in the activation of eosinophils is, so far, poorly understood. Here, the activation of human eosinophils stimulated with C3a was analyzed and compared to C5a activation. Flow-cytometrical measurements revealed that stimulation of eosinophils by C3a resulted in a transient elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the production of reactive oxygen radical species (ROS) of eosinophils after C3a and C5a stimulation was measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and quantified by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C. Half maximal and maximal ROS production in response to C3a was observed at 50 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml, respectively, whereas C3a-desArg was inactive. To ensure that C3a stimulation was not caused by contamination with C5a, monoclonal antibodies were used to demonstrate the specificity of C3a. The effect of C3a was completely abolished in the presence of monovalent antigen-binding fragments of a functionally blocking anti-C3a monoclonal antibody. In addition, blockade of the C5a receptor by the monoclonal anti-C5a receptor antibody S5/1 totally inhibited the C5a-evoked ROS production, whereas the C3a response in the presence of S5/1 was unaffected. Finally, desensitization experiments revealed a homologous desensitization of C3a after restimulation with C3a. In contrast, no cross-desensitization was observed upon stimulation with C5a. Furthermore, the C3a- and C5a-induced production of ROS of eosinophils was totally inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (Gi-proteins). In summary, these results demonstrate that C3a is a potent activator for eosinophils initiating transient [Ca2+]i changes and production of reactive oxygen species. C3a therefore may play a part in the pathophysiology of diseases with eosinophil and complement activation.
Random Fragment Libraries Using Yeast Expression Plasmid (2003)

The natural immune response against pathogens can be extremely varied, ranging from a strong, broad humoral and cellular response capable of stopping disease progression to a weak, inadequate, or even deleterious response inefficient at controlling replication of the infectious agent. Epitope mapping provides one approach to the understanding of the interactions between the host immune system and the attacking pathogen. Current methods for epitope mapping rely on computer models, the use of chemically synthesized peptides (,), and/or the development of expression assays in prokaryotic or eukaryotic environments (). The former approaches can be limited, since choice of sequences synthesized or of the chemistry involved may be inappropriate to allow for proper mimicry of native determinants. The latter usually involves an immunoscreening approach to clone isolation leading to the identification of the epitope sequences.
Fused pyridines by a tandem aza‐wittig / heterocyclization strategy: Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines and pyrido[1,2‐b][1,2,4]triazines (2008)

Abstract magnified image The iminophosphorane 1‐amino‐6‐(triphenylphosphoranylideneamino)‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile 2 prepared from 1,6‐diaminopyridine 1 reacts with heterocumulenes such as carbon disulfide and phenylisocyanate, and with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and haloketones to give directly the title compounds in an one‐pot aza‐Wittig / heterocyclic‐ring closure process with good yields.
Bovine Neutrophil Responses to Parenteral Vitamin E (1992)

Twenty-eight Holsteins were tested to determine effects of dietary and parenteral vitamin E supplementation during the dry period on plasma alpha-tocopherol and in vitro neutrophil functions at calving. Cows were assigned to one of four experimental groups receiving either supplemental dietary vitamin E, injections of vitamin E, both dietary and injections of vitamin E, or neither source of supplemental vitamin E during the dry period in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Cows receiving parenteral vitamin E were injected subcutaneously with 3000 IU of vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) at 10 and 5 d prior to anticipated calving. Cows not receiving parenteral vitamin E were injected with a placebo. Experimental groups receiving dietary vitamin E during the dry period were supplemented with 1040 IU/d compared with none for controls. Cows injected with vitamin E had greater plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration 5 d after the first injection, at calving, and 1 wk after calving than did cows injected with placebo. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations did not differ between dietary vitamin E treatment groups from calving through 4 wk postpartum. No interaction was found between dietary and parenteral supplementation of vitamin E on plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration. Neutrophils from cows injected with vitamin E had greater intracellular kill of bacteria at calving than did neutrophils from placebo-injected cows. Neither phagocytic index nor percentage of neutrophils phagocytizing differed between vitamin E-injected and placebo-injected cows. Dietary vitamin E during the dry period had no effect on neutrophil function at calving. Intracellular kill and plasma alpha-tocopherol were correlated at calving.
Oxidative Stress Disrupts Glucocorticoid Hormone-dependent Transcription of the Amiloride-sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel α-Subunit in Lung Epithelial Cells through ERK-dependent and Thioredoxin-sensitive Pathways (2000)

The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) plays a critical role in the maintenance of alveolar fluid balance. It is generally accepted that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can inhibit ENaC activity and aggravate acute lung injury; however, the molecular mechanism for free radical-mediated ENaC inhibition is unclear. Previously, we showed that the expression of the alpha-subunit of ENaC, alpha-ENaC, which is indispensable for ENaC activity, is repressed by Ras activation in salivary epithelial cells. Here, we investigated whether exogenous H(2)O(2) modulates alpha-ENaC gene expression in lung epithelial cells through a similar molecular mechanism. Utilizing transient transfection reporter assays and site-directed mutagenesis analyses, we found that the glucocorticoid response element (GRE), located at -1334 to -1306 base pairs of the alpha-ENaC 5'-flanking region, is the major enhancer for the stimulated alpha-ENaC expression in A549 lung epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that the presence of an intact GRE is necessary and sufficient for oxidants to repress alpha-ENaC expression. Consistent with our hypothesis, exogenous H(2)O(2)-mediated repression of alpha-ENaC GRE activity is partially blocked by either a specific inhibitor for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation, U0126, or dominant negative ERK, suggesting that, in part, activated ERK may mediate the repressive effects of H(2)O(2) on alpha-ENaC expression. In addition, overexpression of thioredoxin restored glucocorticoid receptor action on the alpha-ENaC GRE in the presence of exogenous H(2)O(2). Taken together, we hypothesize that oxidative stress impairs Na(+) transport activity by inhibiting dexamethasone-dependent alpha-ENaC GRE activation via both ERK-dependent and thioredoxin-sensitive pathways. These results suggest a putative mechanism whereby cellular redox potentials modulate the glucocorticoid receptor/dexamethasone effect on alpha-ENaC expression in lung and other tight epithelia.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Hydroxamic Acids (1998)

The solid phase synthesis of hydroxamic acids is presented. Carboxylic acid ester linked, polymer-supported CBZ-protected amino acids were displaced from the resin with aqueous hydroxylamine to provide the corresponding hydroxamic acids.
Energy shifts and forbidden transitions in H+2due to electronic g/u symmetry breaking (2003)

A full account is given of calculations and measurements of transition frequencies and intensities of the forbidden pure rotation transition (v = 19, N = 1)-(v = 19, N = 0) in the ground electronic state (1sσg) of H+ 2. The transition has measurable intensity because of ortho-paru mixing that arises from electronic g/u symmetry breaking caused by the Fermi contact hyper-fine interaction. Measurements of the transition were made in both single and double resonance using a fast ion beam/microwave spectrometer. The transition frequency was determined to be at 14961.7 ± 1.1 MHz (95% confidence, 5 measurements), in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction of 14960 ± 3 MHz. The intensity of the transition relative to the allowed 1sσg (v = 19, N = 1)-2pσu,(v = 0, N = 2) transition was estimated from the available measurements to be 8000, in reasonable agreement with the theoretically predicted value of ≊3000.
Nutritional vitamin D status during pregnancy: reasons for concern (2006)

In this issue of CMAJ , Mannion and colleagues[1][1] report that women who restricted their intake of milk and vitamin D during pregnancy had smaller babies. In fact, each additional cup of milk per day was associated with a 41-g increase in birth weight; furthermore, each additional daily microgram
An open-label, multicenter, phase I/II study of AT-101 in combination with docetaxel (D) and prednisone (P) in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) (2008)

16043 Background: Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins are overexpressed in HRPC and contribute to resistance to therapy. The oral pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101 (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-W, Mcl-1) is active as a single agent and in combination in in vitro and in vivo tumor models and as a single agent in HRPC. The Phase 1 portion of the study determined the recommended dose for Phase 2 was D (75mg/m2 q 3 weeks) in combination with P (5mg/BID on days 1–21), and AT-101 at 40mg/BID on days 1–3 of each cycle, and was previously reported. Methods: Men ≥18 years of age with HRPC were eligible. Two cohorts of subjects were treated; Cohort A consists of men with chemotherapy-naïve HRPC (N=12) and Cohort B consists of men who received and progressed during treatment with a D regimen (N=1). Safety (NCI CTCAE v. 3.0) and efficacy (Bubley Criteria for PSA) were assessed at 3-wk intervals. Radiological assessments were performed at 6-wk intervals. Results: 25 of 65 planned subjects have been enrolled in the study, of which 13 Phase 1and 2 subjects have been treated for at least 3 months and are included in this report. 9 (75%) subjects in Cohort A and 1 (100%) subject in Cohort B achieved a PR (≥50% PSA decline), and 12/13 (92%) subjects treated had at least a 30% decrease in PSA level. 3 of 7 subjects with measurable disease had a PR per RECIST (43%). Of the 9 subjects who achieved a PSA PR, 3 occurred after 1 cycle of therapy. Five subjects completed ≥10 cycles of therapy. For 3 subjects with a PSA decline who subsequently progressed, the duration of responses were 410, 308 and 84 days respectively. Safety data is available for 10 subjects. The majority of AEs were Grade 1/2 (63%/29%); 6% were Grade 3 and 2% were Grade 4. The most common (≥5%) AEs included fatigue (7.7%), nausea (5.8%), lymphopenia (5.8%), diarrhea (4.8%), and hypophosphatemia (4.8%). Neutropenia was the only Grade 4 AE reported. Conclusions: Preliminary data suggests that AT-101 when given in combination with docetaxel and prednisone is well tolerated and shows preliminary evidence of efficacy in subjects with HRPC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ascenta Therapeutics, Inc. Ascenta Therapeutics, Inc.
Sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA. (1992)

Alternatives for sequencing of PCR products essentially fall into one of two categories; generation of single-stranded DNA for sequencing or the direct sequencing of double-stranded product. Of the two alternatives, sequencing of double-stranded PCR products is likely to be of greatest immediate significance in terms of general applicability and rapidity. Double-stranded sequencing allows the use of the PCR product for other purposes either prior to or subsequent to generation of sequence data. The single-stranded sequencing methods generally require some prior decision regarding sequencing of the product. Assisted by automated workstation development, sequencing of single-stranded DNA PCR products generated either during thermal cycling or following affinity-capture strand separation may have significant future utility, particularly in genome mapping and routine clinical diagnosis. Despite template type and protocol differences, in all situations the purity and concentration of PCR-amplified DNA template used remains the most critical factor determining the efficiency and reliability of nucleotide sequencing methods.
Screening System for Urease Inhibitors Using 13C-NMR. (1998)

Urease inhibitors are candidate drugs to treat infection with the human pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, which produces a potent urease [urea amidohydrolase; EC 3.5.1.5]. We developed a screening system based on 13C-NMR measurement of the time course of decrease in the signal of 13C-urea in the presence of urease. The effect on urease activity of known inhibitors, hydroxamic acids, L-ascorbic acid, 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide and ninhydrin, was speedily and conveniently measured by this method.
MOPED: A scalable and low latency object recognition and pose estimation system (2010)

The latency of a perception system is crucial for a robot performing interactive tasks in dynamic human environments. We present MOPED, a fast and scalable perception system for object recognition and pose estimation. MOPED builds on POSESEQ, a state of the art object recognition algorithm, demonstrating a massive improvement in scalability and latency without sacrificing robustness. We achieve this with both algorithmic and architecture improvements, with a novel feature matching algorithm, a hybrid GPU/CPU architecture that exploits parallelism at all levels, and an optimized resource scheduler. Using the same standard hardware, we achieve up to 30× improvement on real-world scenes.
Influences of peripheral nerve grafts on the survival and regrowth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats (1988)

To investigate the role of extrinsic influences on the survival and growth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mature mammalian CNS, both optic nerves (ONs) of adult rats were transected intraorbitally and, on one side, replaced by an autologous segment of peripheral nerve (PN) that had been left unconnected distally. The survival of RGCs and the regrowth of their cut axons into the PN grafts were assessed using morphometric techniques, neuroanatomic tracers, and immunologic cell markers to identify and count RGCs at times ranging from 15 d to 9 months. It was observed that (1) in the absence of a PN graft, more than 90% of the RGCs died by 1 month after axotomy; (2) between 1 and 3 months after axotomy, survival of RGCs in the PN-grafted retinas was enhanced 2-4-fold; (3) nearly 20% of the surviving RGCs regrew lengthy axons into the grafts; and (4) although the density of surviving RGCs in PN-grafted retinas decreased significantly between 1 and 3 months after axotomy, the densities of RGCs with axons extending into the graft remained relatively stable. These results confirm that in the adult rat retina, neuronal death is a major effect of axotomy near the cell soma. Although such lesions lead to the degeneration of many RGCs, we show that extrinsic influences introduced by the apposition of a PN segment at the time of severing the ON can rescue a substantial number of these neurons. Because the enhanced survival of many axotomized RGCs in the PN-grafted retinas appears to be limited to the first few weeks after injury, while those of RGCs that regenerate axons into the grafts do not show a parallel decline, it is possible that, in these experiments, neuronal viability depends on a spectrum of differently timed influences that may include the early diffusion of critical molecules arising from the graft and the subsequent establishment of more complex interactions with graft components.
"In vivo" spam filtering (2003)

Spam, also known as Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE), is the bane of email communication. Many data mining researchers have addressed the problem of detecting spam, generally by treating it as a static text classification problem. True in vivo spam filtering has characteristics that make it a rich and challenging domain for data mining. Indeed, real-world datasets with these characteristics are typically difficult to acquire and to share. This paper demonstrates some of these characteristics and argues that researchers should pursue in vivo spam filtering as an accessible domain for investigating them.
Chiral Separations (1991)

Optically active compounds have attracted great attention because living systems are chiral. Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides possess chiral characteristic structures that are related closely to their functions. Because of chirality, living organisms usually show different biological responses to one of a pair of enantiomers (optical isomers) in drugs, pesticides, or waste compounds. For example, sodium L-(+)glutamate tastes good, whereas its mirror image D-(-)glutamate tastes bitter or flat, depending on the taster (1). Molecules that relate to each other as an object and its mirror image that is not superimposable are enantiomers or chiral (from the Greek word, cheiro, meaning hand); they are like a pair of hands. Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules with identical constitution but a different spatial arrangement of atoms. The symmetry factor classifies stereoisomers as either enantiomers, as defined above, or diastereoisomers. A pair of enantiomers is possible for all molecules containing a single chiral carbon atom
Sequence Dependent Rigidity of Single Stranded DNA (2000)

Single stranded DNA (ssDNA) equilibrium dynamics are investigated using a fluorophore/quencher-labeled hairpin structure which thermally fluctuates between open and closed states. Temporal correlations of the fluorescence fluctuations are used to determine the energy barrier to conformational change. We find that ssDNA distortion is purely entropic for poly(T) but requires an additional enthalpy of +0.5 kcal x mol(-1) x base(-1) for poly(A), consistent with the disruption of base stacking. Such sequence dependent dynamics challenge the classical model of ssDNA as a completely flexible coil.