gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Inverse Kinematics Solution, Closed-form Dynamics and Simulation of AdeptOne Industrial Robot (1988)

This paper presents an explicit dynamic model of AdeptOne industrial manipulator. A sys- tematic derivation procedure based on Euler-Lagrange formulation is employed for deriving five nonlinear second order differential equations of motion. This modeling strategy considerably helps in revealing greater insight into the physical significance of the indi- vidual and coupled terms associated with the various links. Several heuristics based rules together with the elimination of all zero coefficient terms assist in realiz- ing simple and computationally efficient individual joint torque algorithms. In addition, a summary of arm's inverse kinematics solution for position, velocity and acceleration is included which is accomplished by using a symbolic algebraic matrix manipulation package MAPLE. Extensive simulation results are presented to illustrate the relative significance of inertial (including inertial coupling), velocity-related (Coriolis and centri- fugal), and gravity forces which are experienced at the individual joints while executing a 3-D motion of the hand wrist in real-time. This kind of analysis allows us in minimizing the system cycle time, facilitating the efficient implementation of the multivariable control algorithms.
Rosiglitazone is a safe and effective treatment option of new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation (2005)

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone in patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after renal transplantation. Twenty-two patients with NODM after renal transplantation were selected to receive rosiglitazone therapy. All patients received prednisone, 15 patients were treated with tacrolimus and seven patients received cyclosporine A. For 16 of the 22 patients treatment with rosiglitazone therapy was successful and mean fasting blood glucose decreased from 182 +/- 17 to 127 +/- 7 mg/dl. Six patients were not treated successfully with rosiglitazone alone, one patient needed a second oral antidiabetic agent and four patients insulin therapy. In one patient rosiglitazone was stopped because of edema after 5 days. There were no changes either in serum creatinine concentrations, or cyclosporine and tacrolimus blood levels respectively. Treatment with rosiglitazone appears to be safe and effective in patients with NODM after renal transplantation.
Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study (2006)

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT) in patients with chronic lower back pain. Active PEMT ( n = 17) or placebo treatment ( n = 19) was performed three times a week for 3 weeks. Patients were assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and revised Oswestry disability scores for 4 weeks after therapy. PEMT produced significant pain reduction throughout the observation period compared with baseline values. The percentage change in the NRS score from baseline was significantly greater in the PEMT group than the placebo group at all three time-points measured. The mean revised Oswestry disability percentage after 4 weeks was significantly improved from the baseline value in the PEMT group, whereas there were no significant differences in the placebo group. In conclusion, PEMT reduced pain and disability and appears to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool for the conservative management of chronic lower back pain.
Redox Control of GTPases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Functional Significance in Health and Disease (2010)

Small GTPases, including the proto-oncoprotein Ras and Rho GTPases, are involved in various cellular signaling events. Some of these small GTPases are redox sensitive, including Ras, Rho, Ran, Dexras1, and Rhes GTPases. Thus, the redox-mediated regulation of these GTPases often determines the course of their cellular signaling cascades. This article takes into consideration the application of Marcus theory to potential redox-based molecular mechanisms in the regulation of these redox-sensitive GTPases and the relevance of such mechanisms to a specific redox-sensitive motif. The discussion also takes into account various diseases, including cancers, heart, and neuronal disorders, that are often linked with the dysregulation of the redox signaling cascades associated with these redox-sensitive GTPases.
Cellular Response to Magnetic Nanoparticles “PEGylated” via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2006)

A new method to PEGylate magnetic nanoparticles with a dense layer of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate) (P(PEGMA)) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported. In this approach, an initiator for ATRP was first immobilized onto the magnetic nanoparticle surface, and then P(PEGMA) was grafted onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticle via copper-mediated ATRP. The modified nanoparticles were subjected to detailed characterization using FTIR, XPS, and TGA. The P(PEGMA)-immobilized nanoparticles dispersed well in aqueous media. The saturation magnetization values of the P(PEGMA)-immobilized nanoparticles were 19 emu/g and 11 emu/g after 2 and 4 h polymerization respectively, compared to 52 emu/g for the pristine magnetic nanoparticles. The response of macrophage cells to pristine and P(PEGMA)-immobilized nanoparticles was compared. The results showed that the macrophage cells are very effective in cleaning up the pristine magnetic nanoparticles. With the P(PEGMA)-immobilized nanoparticles, the amount of nanoparticles internalized into the cells is greatly reduced to <2 pg/cell over a 5 day period. With this amount of nanoparticles uptake, no significant cytotoxicity effects were observed.
Enhancing the clinical activity of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐secreting tumor cell vaccines (2008)

A comparative analysis of vaccination with irradiated, murine tumor cells engineered to express a large number of immunostimulatory molecules established the superior ability of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to evoke potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Early stage clinical testing of this vaccination strategy in patients with diverse solid and hematologic malignancies revealed the consistent induction of a coordinated humoral and cellular reaction that effectuated substantial tumor destruction. Nonetheless, most subjects eventually succumbed to progressive disease, implying that additional immune defects remained to be addressed. More detailed investigations of the mechanisms underlying protective immunity in murine systems together with the characterization of the anti-tumor reactions of patients who achieved durable clinical benefits in response to immunotherapy uncovered several pathways that restrain the efficacy of GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccines. These include milk fat globule epidermal growth factor protein-8 expansion of forkhead box protein 3+ regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4-mediated negative costimulation, and soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A suppression of NKG2D-dependent innate and adaptive anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Together, these results define key regulatory circuits that attenuate immune-mediated tumor destruction and suggest novel combinatorial therapies that might enhance the clinical activity of GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccines.
A new block-based coding method for HEVC intra coding (2015)

This paper presents a new block-based coding method for HEVC intra coding. Pixels in each prediction block are divided into two parts: half pixels are coded by a smart padding technique together with a constrained quantization algorithm; whereas the other half are reconstructed by simple linear interpolations along the prediction direction utilizing the neighboring reference pixels and the first half coded pixels. In the implementation, we employ a competition mechanism between this new method and the original HEVC intra coding in order to choose the best mode for each prediction block. Simulation results show that about 2% BD-rate reduction has been achieved with respect to HEVC's intra coding.
Structural and binding analysis of a two domain extracellular CD2 molecule. (1989)

The 50-kD CD2 (T11) surface glycoprotein on human T lymphocytes and thymocytes plays a critical role in T lineage cell activation and adhesion via its ligand LFA-3. To begin to define structure-function relationships in the extracellular segment of the transmembrane CD2 molecule, we have used a eukaryotic expression system and a CD2 cDNA to produce milligram amounts of recombinant soluble CD2 molecule that corresponds to the two extracellular segment exons. We show that this protein, termed T11ex2, behaves as a monomer in aqueous solution and includes a proteolytically resistant NH2-terminal fragment (domain I) encoded by the first extracellular segment exon. Circular dichroism analysis of T11ex2 demonstrates that its stabilized secondary structure is dependent on the intrachain disulfide bonds present in domain II. The T11ex2 monomer binds directly to the CD2 ligand LFA-3 with a dissociation constant of 0.4 microM. This relatively low affinity implies that cooperative binding resulting from an array of transmembrane CD2 molecules is important to facilitate physiologic T cell adhesion.
Cyclic Viscoplastic-Viscodamage Analysis of Shape Memory Polymers Fibers With Application to Self-Healing Smart Materials (2012)

The cold-drawn, programmed shape memory polymer (SMP) fibers show excellent stress recovery property, which promotes their application as mechanical actuators in smart material systems. A full understanding of the thermomechanical-damage responses of these fibers is crucial to minimize the trial-and-error manufacturing processes of these material systems. In this work, a multiscale viscoplastic-viscodamage theory is developed to predict the cyclic mechanical responses of SMP fibers. The proposed viscoplastic theory is based on the governing relations for each of the individual microconstituents and establishes the microscale state of the stress and strain in each of the subphases. These microscale fields are then averaged through the micromechanics framework to demonstrate the macroscale constitutive mechanical behavior. The cyclic loss in the functionality of the SMP fibers is interpreted as the damage process herein, and this cyclic loss of stress recovery property is calibrated to identify the state of the damage. The continuum damage mechanics (CDM) together with a thermodynamic consistent viscodamage theory is incorporated to simulate the damage process. The developed coupled viscoplastic-viscodamage theory provides an excellent correlation between the experimental and simulation results. The cyclic loading-damage analysis in this work relies on the underlying physical facts and accounts for the microstructural changes in each of the micro constituents. The established framework provides a well-structured method to capture the cyclic responses of the SMP fibers, which is of utmost importance for designing the SMP fiber-based smart material systems.
Transformed or Evolutive Migraine (1987)

SYNOPSIS 630 (39%) of 1600 patients seen in a Headache Clinic over a three year period had chronic daily headaches (CDH). In 78% of these CDH patients, the daily headaches evolved out of a prior history of episodic migraine; these patients we designate as having “transformed” or “evolutive” migraine. The other 12% had migraine headaches which were daily from the start. Patients with transformed migraine, in contrast to those with daily headaches from the start, have a significantly higher incidence of positive family history of migraine, menstrual aggravation of migraine, identifiable trigger factors, associated G.I. and neurological symptoms, and early morning awakening with headache. The CDH group in general over‐used symptomatic medication and exhibited abnormalities on behavioral scale testing. Withdrawal of daily symptomatic medication, institution of a low tyramine low caffeine diet, initiation of prophylactic anti‐migraine therapy, and biofeedback and behavioral therapy, gave worthwhile improvement in 76% of chronic daily headache patients. Factors which promote “evolution” of migraine from intermittent to chronic daily occurrence are not well‐defined but may include medication abuse, medication withdrawal, and psychiatric disturbances.
Miracles and Natural Necessity (1990)

It was T. H. Huxley, the arch-apostle of science, who wrote towards the end of the last century that ‘no one is entitled to say a priori that any given so-called miraculous event is impossible’.1 The interest of this statement for present purposes lies in the fact that contemporary philosophical discussion of the miraculous centres on attempts to offer just such a priori disproof. Whether such attempts are successful constitutes the main question to be faced in this chapter.
Isomerization of an Aspartic Acid Residue in the Complementarity-Determining Regions of a Recombinant Antibody to Human IgE:  Identification and Effect on Binding Affinity (1996)

This report describes the effect on antigen binding of an isomerized aspartate residue located in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a recombinant monoclonal antibody. The antibody, which binds human IgE, contains two Asp-Gly sequences within its CDRs, but only one site was found to be labile to isomerization. Isolation and characterization of antibody fragments differing in the labile sequence were facilitated by using a technique involving hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) that separates aspartyl, isoaspartyl, and cyclic imide variants to the residue located in CDR-L1. The variants were isolated for structural characterization and for determination of their relative antigen binding affinities. Mutants were constructed with altered residues to obviate the effects of isomerization and were evaluated for their ability to bind to IgE. Inspection of published crystal structures of CDRs of antibodies indicated that hydrogen binding of the Asp side chain of the unreactive residue may be the constraint that prevents isomerization. The strategy outlined here may prove to be of general utility in the biochemical and immunochemical characterization of recombinant antibodies.
APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. (1985)

This paper presents the form and validation results of APACHE II, a severity of disease classification system. APACHE II uses a point score based upon initial values of 12 routine physiologic measurements, age, and previous health status to provide a general measure of severity of disease. An increasing score (range 0 to 71) was closely correlated with the subsequent risk of hospital death for 5815 intensive care admissions from 13 hospitals. This relationship was also found for many common diseases. When APACHE II scores are combined with an accurate description of disease, they can prognostically stratify acutely ill patients and assist investigators comparing the success of new or differing forms of therapy. This scoring index can be used to evaluate the use of hospital resources and compare the efficacy of intensive care in different hospitals or over time.
PLASMA CYTOKINES FOLLOWING THERMAL INJURY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PATIENT MORTALITY, BURN SIZE, AND TIME POSTBURN (1993)

We measured plasma levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) following thermal injury. Cytokine levels in the plasma of 27 burned patients were serially screened by ELISA and compared with cytokine levels in 16 healthy laboratory employees. The relationships between cytokine concentrations and patient mortality, burn size, and time postburn were examined. Plasma samples with detectable amounts of IL-1 beta and IL-6 were significantly more frequent in burned patients than in controls, whereas TNF alpha was undetectable in most plasma samples. All nonsurviving burned patients had detectable IL-6 levels; these were significantly higher than those of surviving patients. The IL-1 beta and IL-6 concentrations were highest during the first week after injury and declined over time. The IL-1 beta concentrations were positively correlated with burn size. These findings suggest that IL-1 beta and IL-6 may influence metabolic and immunologic responses in the first few weeks following thermal injury. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was transiently elevated in a small subpopulation of burned patients with no obvious relationship to burn size or time postburn.
Binding of monomeric human IgG defines an expression polymorphism of Fc gamma RIII on large granular lymphocyte/natural killer cells. (1993)

Human PBL express one or more of the three classes of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma receptors, I, II, and III). Each type of Fc gamma receptor has a characteristic binding pattern for isotypes of human and mouse IgG. Large granular lymphocyte/NK cells (LGL/NK cells) express the transmembrane form of Fc gamma RIII (Fc gamma RIIIa) on their surface, whereas polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) express the glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol-linked receptor that is the product of the Fc gamma RIIIB gene. Fc gamma RIII has been reported to have low affinity for monomeric IgG, regardless of the cell type on which it is expressed. This study demonstrates specific and saturable binding of monomeric human IgG (M-IgG) to Fc gamma RIIIa on LGL/NK cells but not to Fc gamma RIIIb on PMN. M-IgG binding revealed an expression polymorphism between individuals, those with either high (12,000 to 15,000) or low (4,000 to 7,000) binding sites per cell. Both high and low M-IgG-binding LGL/NK cells bound hulgG1 and IgG3 but did not bind IgG2 or IgG4. The high/low Fc gamma RIIIA expression polymorphism correlated with the ability of an individual's LGL/NK cells to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of erythroid cell targets.
Pyrimidine S- and N-cyclonucleosides. Synthesis of 6,2'(and 5')-S- and N-cyclouridines. Nucleosides and nucleotides. XXXII. (1980)

The synthesis of S- and N-cyclouridines, which are "anti"-fixed cyclonucleosides, is described. Bromination of S2, 2'-cyclo-2-thiouridine afforded the 5-bromo derivative. Cleavage of the S2, 2'-cyclo linkage of the 5-bromo derivative with methoxide resulted in the formation of S6, 2'-cyclo-2-O-methyluridine by intramolecular conversion of the S2, 2'-linkage to an S6, 2'-linkage, and this was further converted to the corresponding S6, 2'-cyclo derivatives of uridine, isocytidine and 2-thouridine. Similarly, 2', 3'-O-isopropylidene-S2, 5'-cyclo-2-thiouridine was converted to the 2', 3'-O-isopropylidene-S6, 5'-cyclo derivatives of uridine, isocytidine, and 2-thiouridine. 6-Methylaminouridine was cyclized by treatment with diphenyl carbonate to N6, 2'-cyclo-6-methylaminouridine. Cyclization with triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate gave the N6, 5'-cyclo derivative of 6-methylaminouridine.
Molecular Ordering of the Cell Death Pathway (1996)

Genetic analyses of Caenorhabditis elegans has identified three genes that function in the regulation of nematode cell death. Mammalian homologs of two of these genes, ced-9 and ced-3, have been identified and comprise proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 and ICE families, respectively. To date, it is unclear where the negative regulators, ced-9 and bcl-2, function relative to the death effectors, ced-3 and the mammalian ced-3 homologs, respectively. Here, the molecular order of the cell death pathway is defined. Our results establish that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL function upstream of two members of the ICE/CED-3 family of cysteine proteases, Yama (CPP32/apopain) and ICE-LAP3 (Mch3).
Immunization of cancer patients with a HER-2/neu, HLA-A2 peptide, p369-377, results in short-lived peptide-specific immunity. (2002)

Ideally, vaccines should be designed to elicit long-lived immunity. The goal of this study was to determine whether HER-2/neu peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity could be elicited using an immunodominant HER-2/neu-derived HLA-A2 peptide alone in the absence of exogenous help. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used as adjuvant. Six HLA-A2 patients with HER-2/neu-overexpressing cancers received 6 monthly vaccinations with a vaccine preparation consisting of 500 microg of HER-2/neu peptide, p369-377, admixed with 100 microg of GM-CSF. The patients had either stage III or IV breast or ovarian cancer. Immune responses to the p369-377 were examined using an IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Before vaccination, the median precursor frequency (range), defined as precursors per 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cell, to p369-377 was 0 (no range). After vaccination, the median precursor frequency to p369-377 in four evaluable patients was 0 (0-116). Overall, HER-2/neu peptide-specific precursors developed to p369-377 in two of four evaluable subjects. The responses were short-lived and not detectable at 5 months after the final vaccination. Immunocompetence was evident, because patients had detectable enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses to tetanus toxoid and influenza. These results demonstrate that HER-2/neu MHC class I epitopes can induce HER-2/neu peptide-specific IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells. However, the magnitude of the responses were low, as well as short-lived, suggesting that CD4+ T-cell help is required for lasting immunity to this epitope.
27-O-Demethylrapamycin, an Immunosuppressant Compound Produced by a New Strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (1995)

As part of a programmeto produce newimmunosuppressant agents we have grown a new rapamycin
Clofazimine Inhibits Human Kv1.3 Potassium Channel by Perturbing Calcium Oscillation in T Lymphocytes (2008)

The Kv1.3 potassium channel plays an essential role in effector memory T cells and has been implicated in several important autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and type 1 diabetes. A number of potent small molecule inhibitors of Kv1.3 channel have been reported, some of which were found to be effective in various animal models of autoimmune diseases. We report herein the identification of clofazimine, a known anti-mycobacterial drug, as a novel inhibitor of human Kv1.3. Clofazimine was initially identified as an inhibitor of intracellular T cell receptor-mediated signaling leading to the transcriptional activation of human interleukin-2 gene in T cells from a screen of the Johns Hopkins Drug Library. A systematic mechanistic deconvolution revealed that clofazimine selectively blocked the Kv1.3 channel activity, perturbing the oscillation frequency of the calcium-release activated calcium channel, which in turn led to the inhibition of the calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway. These effects of clofazimine provide the first line of experimental evidence in support of a causal relationship between Kv1.3 and calcium oscillation in human T cells. Furthermore, clofazimine was found to be effective in blocking human T cell-mediated skin graft rejection in an animal model in vivo. Together, these results suggest that clofazimine is a promising immunomodulatory drug candidate for treating a variety of autoimmune disorders.
Comparison of Subcutaneous Soluble Human Insulin and Insulin Analogues (AspB9, GluB27; AspB10; AspB28) on Meal-Related Plasma Glucose Excursions in Type I Diabetic Subjects (1991)

Plasma profiles of the insulin analogues were more physiological than that of human insulin after subcutaneous injection. All three analogues given immediately before the meal are at least as effective as soluble human insulin given 30 min earlier. These analogues are promising potential candidates for short-acting insulins of the future.