gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in CNS trauma. (1991)

It is believed that the key mechanism of protection of the injured spinal cord by methylprednisolone (MP) is the inhibition of posttraumatic lipid peroxidation. Large, i.v. bolus doses are required to achieve this effect, but the biphasic dose-response curve limits the dose size to approximately 30 mg/kg. The mechanism for the reversed effect at higher concentrations is believed currently to be membrane disruption. Early treatment is required because injury mediated by lipid peroxidation is largely irreversible. Furthermore, the time course of the protective effects parallels the tissue pharmacokinetics, defining the need for repeated maintenance dosing by bolus or infusion. The optimum duration of treatment has not been ascertained, but it would appear to extend throughout the period during which biochemical conditions that promote peroxidation exist within the injured cord.
Cdk5 phosphorylation of huntingtin reduces its cleavage by caspases (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the huntingtin (htt) protein. Mutant htt toxicity is exposed after htt cleavage by caspases and other proteases release NH(2)-terminal fragments containing the polyQ expansion. Here, we show htt interacts and colocalizes with cdk5 in cellular membrane fractions. Cdk5 phosphorylates htt at Ser434, and this phosphorylation reduces caspase-mediated htt cleavage at residue 513. Reduced mutant htt cleavage resulting from cdk5 phosphorylation attenuated aggregate formation and toxicity in cells expressing the NH(2)-terminal 588 amino acids (htt588) of mutant htt. Cdk5 activity is reduced in the brains of HD transgenic mice compared with controls. This result can be accounted for by the polyQ-expanded htt fragments reducing the interaction between cdk5 and its activator p35. These data predict that the ability of cdk5 phosphorylation to protect against htt cleavage, aggregation, and toxicity is compromised in cells expressing toxic fragments of htt.
Role of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in endotoxin-induced pneumonia evaluated using ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotides, anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies, and ICAM-1 mutant mice. (1996)

This study examined the effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to inhibit endotoxin-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and neutrophil emigration and compared the apparent role of ICAM-1 when examined using antisense oligonucleotides, anti-ICAM-1 antibodies, and ICAM-1 mutant mice. Antisense oligonucleotides inhibited upregulation of ICAM-1 mRNA at 4 and 24 h after instillation of endotoxin in a dose-dependent manner. Neutrophil emigration into the alveolar spaces at 24 h was inhibited by 59%, similar to inhibition using the anti-ICAM-1 antibodies 3E2 (58%) and YN1/1 (75%). No inhibition was observed in the ICAM-1 mutant compared to wild-type mice. These data show that antisense oligonucleotides targeted to ICAM-1 inhibit the endotoxin-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 in the lung and are as effective as anti-ICAM-1 antibodies in preventing neutrophil emigration. The incomplete inhibition by either antisense oligonucleotides or antibodies suggests that alternative adhesion pathways that do not require ICAM-1 are important in neutrophil emigration in the lungs. The disparity in the role of ICAM-1 when evaluated using antisense or antibodies compared to mutant mice suggests that either these inhibitors are exerting additional effects on endothelial cells other than blockade of ICAM-1 or mutant mice have upregulated the ICAM-1-independent pathways to compensate for the long-term loss of ICAM-1.
Electrophysiological effects of dronedarone (SR 33589), a noniodinated amiodarone derivative in the canine heart: comparison with amiodarone (2001)

The electrophysiological effects of dronedarone, a new nonionidated analogue of amiodarone were studied after chronic and acute administration in dog Purkinje fibres, papillary muscle and isolated ventricular myocytes, and compared with those of amiodarone by applying conventional microelectrode and patch-clamp techniques. Chronic treatment with dronedarone (2x25 mg(-1) kg(-1) day p.o. for 4 weeks), unlike chronic administration of amiodarone (50 mg(-1) kg(-1) day p.o. for 4 weeks), did not lengthen significantly the QTc interval of the electrocardiogram or the action potential duration (APD) in papillary muscle. After chronic oral treatment with dronedarone a small, but significant use-dependent V(max) block was noticed, while after chronic amiodarone administration a strong use-dependent V(max) depression was observed. Acute superfusion of dronedarone (10 microM), similar to that of amiodarone (10 microM), moderately lengthened APD in papillary muscle (at 1 Hz from 239.6+/-5.3 to 248.6+/-5.3 ms, n=13, P<0.05), but shortened it in Purkinje fibres (at 1 Hz from 309.6+/-11.8 to 287.1+/-10.8 ms, n=7, P<0.05). Both dronedarone (10 microM) and amiodarone (10 microM) superfusion reduced the incidence of early and delayed afterdepolarizations evoked by 1 microM dofetilide and 0.2 microM strophantidine in Purkinje fibres. In patch-clamp experiments 10 microM dronedarone markedly reduced the L-type calcium current (76.5+/-0.7 %, n=6, P<0.05) and the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current (97+/-1.2 %, n=5, P<0.05) in ventricular myocytes. It is concluded that after acute administration dronedarone exhibits effects on cardiac electrical activity similar to those of amiodarone, but it lacks the 'amiodarone like' chronic electrophysiological characteristics.
Pathogen-induced proteins with inhibitory activity toward Phytophthora infestans. (1991)

A bioassay using Phytophthora infestans was developed to determine whether inhibitory proteins are induced in pathogen-inoculated plants. Using this bioassay, AP24, a 24-kilodalton protein causing lysis of sporangia and growth inhibition of P. infestans, was purified from tobacco plants inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus. Analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence identified AP24 as the thaumatin-like protein osmotin II. The sequence was also similar to NP24, the salt-induced protein from tomato. Subsequently, we purified a protein from tomato plants inoculated with P. infestans that had inhibitory activities identical to those of the tobacco AP24. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein was also similar to those of osmotin and NP24. In general, both the tobacco and tomato AP24 caused lysis of sporangia at concentrations greater than 40 nanomolar and severely inhibited hyphal growth at concentrations greater than 400 nanomolar. Because both proteins were induced by pathogen inoculation, we discussed the possible involvement of these proteins as a plant defense mechanism.
Reversible denaturation of Aequorea green-fluorescent protein: physical separation and characterization of the renatured protein (1982)

The green-fluorescent protein (GFP) that functions as a bioluminescence energy transfer acceptor in the jellyfish Aequorea has been renatured with up to 90% yield following acid, base, or guanidine denaturation. Renaturation, following pH neutralization or simple dilution of guanidine, proceeds with a half-recovery time of less than 5 min as measured by the return of visible fluorescence. Residual unrenatured protein has been quantitatively removed by chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The chromatographed, renatured GFP has corrected fluorescence excitation and emission spectra identical with those of the native protein at pH 7.0 (excitation lambda max = 398 nm; emission lambda max = 508 nm) and also at pH 12.2 (excitation lambda max = 476 nm; emission lambda max = 505 nm). With its peak position red-shifted 78 nm at pH 12.2, the Aequorea GFP excitation spectrum more closely resembles the excitation spectra of Renilla (sea pansy) and Phialidium (hydromedusan) GFPs at neutral pH. Visible absorption spectra of the native and renatured Aequorea green-fluorescent proteins at pH 7.0 are also identical, suggesting that the chromophore binding site has returned to its native state. Small differences in far-UV absorption and circular dichroism spectra, however, indicate that the renatured protein has not fully regained its native secondary structure.
Microvascular coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (2001)

Overall, the beneficial or harmful effects of activated coagulation and fibrin formation for organ pathology and recovery from DIC remain to be explored. This may be a critical element in the assessment of ischemia-reperfusion effects of specific anticoagulant therapy.
Multi-Item Auctions (1986)

A collection of items is to be distributed among several bidders, and each bidder is to receive at most one item. Assuming that the bidders place some monetary value on each of the items, it has been shown that there is a unique vector of equilibrium prices that is optimal, in a suitable sense, for the bidders. In this paper we describe two dynamic auction mechanisms: one achieves this equilibrium and the other approximates it to any desired degree of accuracy.
A Trimeric Structural Subdomain of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1997)

HIV-1 infection is initiated by the fusion of viral and cellular membranes with subsequent transfer of viral genetic material into the cell. The HIV-1 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp41 plays a major role in this membrane fusion process. Previous studies have shown that a stable, alpha-helical, trimeric structural domain of gp41 consists of N-terminal 51-residue (N-51) and C-terminal 43-residue (C-43) extraviral segments. This alpha-helical, trimeric complex has been proposed to form the core of the membrane fusion-active conformation of the HIV-1 envelope. We show here that a stable subdomain can be formed by shorter 36-residue (N-36) and 34-residue (C-34) peptides corresponding to the central regions of N-51 and C-43, respectively. In isolation, N-36 is predominantly aggregated, while C-34 is unfolded. Upon mixing, however, these peptides form a stable, alpha-helical, discrete trimer of heterodimers (the melting temperature of a 10 microM solution is 64 degrees C at pH 7). Thus, this subdomain displays the salient features of the stable core structure of the isolated gp41 protein. Our results also provide strong support for the notion that short peptides can form unique, cooperatively folded subdomains, in which elements of secondary structure are stabilized by native-like tertiary interactions.
Confocal optical microscopy (1996)

Confocal optical microscopy is a technique for increasing the contrast of microscope images, particularly in thick specimens. By restricting the observed volume, the technique keeps overlying or nearby scatterers from contributing to the detected signal. The price for this is that the instrument must observe only one point at a time (in the scanning laser version) or a group of separated points with very little light (in the disc version). This paper describes how the confocal advantage comes about and how it is implemented in actual instruments.
Structure and Optical Absorption of AgI Microcrystals (1967)

Large corrections to the x-ray intensities of the standard powder diffraction pattern of hexagonal AgI are proposed. Based on these intensities, it appears that some precipitates which have been described in the literature as pure hexagonal have actually contained about 30% of the cubic phase. Hexagonal AgI was produced during precipitation only by slow crystallization and without an excess of either ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ or ${\mathrm{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Faster precipitations gave mixtures of the cubic and hexagonal phases, and crystals whose average diameter was as small at 150 \AA{}. The Rayleigh scattering of these suspensions was sufficiently small that the absorption coefficients of the crystals could be readily measured. The usually strong exciton absorption peak at about 420 m\ensuremath{\mu} was missing in the small crystals. When the crystals were made to grow, the exciton peak appeared slightly below 420 m\ensuremath{\mu} for crystals which became more hexagonal as they increased in size, and somewhat above 420 m\ensuremath{\mu} for crystals which became more cubic. The decrease in absorption for AgI in the exciton region was much more than for the absorption edge of AgBr for crystals of comparable small size. Additional mechanisms for the loss of absorption in AgI compared with AgBr are apparently indicated. It is suggested that the exciton radius in AgI is so large that the exciton cannot be formed close to the surface.
Surface Properties of Class II Hydrophobins from Trichoderma reesei and Influence on Bubble Stability (2007)

We report the remarkable surface behavior of class II hydrophobin proteins HFBI and HFBII from Trichoderma reesei and the resulting effect that these proteins have on the stability of air bubbles to the process of disproportionation. The surface properties were studied using surface tensiometry and surface shear rheology. Surface tensiometry data show that hydrophobins are very surface active proteins, reducing the surface tension to approximately 30 mN m-1. The rate at which the hydrophobins adsorb at the surface may also be related to the self-assembly behavior in aqueous solution. We further show that hydrophobins form air/water surfaces with high elasticity, the magnitude of which is well in excess of that of surface layers formed by other common proteins used as foam or emulsion stabilizers. The measured surface properties translate to the stability of bubbles with adsorbed hydrophobin, and in this study, we demonstrate the ability of hydrophobin to have a dramatic effect on the rate of disproportionation in some simple bubble dissolution studies.
Deformability considerations in filtration of biological cells (2010)

Biological cells are highly sensitive to variation in local pressure because cellular membranes are not rigid. Unlike microbeads, cells deform under pressure or even lyse. In isolating or enriching cells by mechanical filtration, pressure-induced lysis is exacerbated when high local fluidic velocity is present or when a filter reaches its intended capacity. Microfabrication offers new possibilities to design fluidic environments to reduce cellular stress during the filtration process. We describe the underlying biophysics of cellular stress and general solutions to scale up filtration processes for biological cells.
The utilisation of foreign trade zones in the global supply chain: an exploratory study (2009)

Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs) are considered duty-free areas and, thus, not governed by the usual customs and tariff controls. In other words, the merchandise permitted in the FTZ may be stored, sold, exhibited, labelled, repacked, assembled, distributed and mixed with other merchandise without paying customs duty until merchandise is released from the zone. Deferred customs duties in the FTZs can contribute significantly to the profitability of the Multinational Firms (MNFs) that get involved in global supply chain activities. Thus, the utilisation of FTZs is believed to have a positive impact on export/import operations and the location decisions of MNFs. Despite such benefits, many MNFs still have not fully explored the possibility of utilising FTZs. Through an exploratory study, this paper identifies the factors that facilitate or hinder the usage of FTZs in the USA. Also, this paper examines the impact that FTZs have on the selected manufacturing and logistics industry and determines how significantly FTZs affect the MNFs' decisions on locating their facilities.
Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome (2001)

We have placed 7,600 cytogenetically defined landmarks on the draft sequence of the human genome to help with the characterization of genes altered by gross chromosomal aberrations that cause human disease. The landmarks are large-insert clones mapped to chromosome bands by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Each clone contains a sequence tag that is positioned on the genomic sequence. This genome-wide set of sequence-anchored clones allows structural and functional analyses of the genome. This resource represents the first comprehensive integration of cytogenetic, radiation hybrid, linkage and sequence maps of the human genome; provides an independent validation of the sequence map and framework for contig order and orientation; surveys the genome for large-scale duplications, which are likely to require special attention during sequence assembly; and allows a stringent assessment of sequence differences between the dark and light bands of chromosomes. It also provides insight into large-scale chromatin structure and the evolution of chromosomes and gene families and will accelerate our understanding of the molecular bases of human disease and cancer.
Thermal effects on the optical properties of single crystals and solution-cast films of urethane substituted polydiacetylenes (1979)

The optical properties of single crystals and solution-cast films of two polydiacetylenes, poly3BCMU and poly4BCMU where the substituent group is– (CH2)3.4OCONHCH4COOC4H9, are characterized. Visible absorption and reflection spectra for the polymer crystals are typical of those observed for other urethane substituted polydiacetylenes. The optical properties of the polymer films are controlled primarily by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the N–H and C=O of the urethane functionalities on adjacent substituent groups. Hydrogen bonding stabilizes the planar, fully conjugated conformation of the individual polymer chains in the films. Increased temperature causes a disruption of the hydrogen bond network and a destabilization of the planar polymer conformation. Dramatic color changes result because of the sensitivity of the optical properties to backbone conformation.
Activated integrin αvβ3 cooperates with metalloproteinase MMP-9 in regulating migration of metastatic breast cancer cells (2003)

Expression of adhesion receptor integrin alphavbeta3 in an activated functional form strongly promotes metastasis in human breast cancer cells. Here, we report that alphavbeta3 cooperates with matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9) in breast cancer cell migration. This cooperation is regulated by the activation state of the integrin. Expression of activated alphavbeta3 in metastatic variants of MDA-MB 435 human breast cancer cells and primary metastatic cells from breast cancer patients strongly enhanced migration toward vitronectin and fibrinogen. This enhancement was mediated by a soluble factor produced by breast cancer cells expressing activated alphavbeta3. When transferred, this factor also up-regulated alphavbeta3-dependent migration of breast cancer cells that express the nonactivated integrin. The factor was identified as metalloproteinase MMP-9. Whereas all tested breast cancer cell variants produced latent MMP-9, only those with activated alphavbeta3 produced the mature form of this metalloproteinase. Recombinant mature MMP-9, but not latent MMP-9 or either form of MMP-2, enhanced alphavbeta3-dependent breast cancer cell migration. The migratory response was inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase or when MMP-9 was depleted from the inducing supernatants. The results indicate a causal relationship between the expression of activated integrin alphavbeta3 and production of enzymatically active MMP-9 in metastatic breast cancer cells. These molecules cooperate to enhance breast cancer cell migration toward specific matrix proteins, and this may contribute to the strongly enhanced metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells that express activated alphavbeta3.
REVIEWS Lecture plurielle du texte poétique. By BURGOSJEAN. (The Cassal Bequest Lecture, 1977). London: The Athlone Press. 1978. 19 pp. 75p. (1981)

REVIEWS Get access Lecture plurielle du texte poétique. By JEAN BURGOS. (The Cassal Bequest Lecture, 1977). London: The Athlone Press. 1978. 19 pp. 75p. R. A. YORK R. A. YORK COLERAINE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXXV, Issue 1, January 1981, Pages 111-b–112, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXXV.1.111-b Published: 01 January 1981
Physicochemical characterisation of the oligosaccharide component of vaccines. (2000)

Glycoconjugate vaccines are being developed against Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) and meningococcal Type A and C micro-organisms; they consist of oligosaccharides of intermediate chain length conjugated to the carrier protein CRM (a non-toxic diphtheria toxin mutant). The oligosaccharides can be quantified using specific composition analyses and their structure and identity (and pattern of acetylation) evaluated by use of NMR spectroscopy. The average molecular-size (degree of polymerisation) can be determined using colorimetric assays, qualified by analysis of authentic standards. The molecular-size distribution of these anionic oligosaccharides can be achieved using ion exchange chromatography or application of the rapid and sensitive analytical HPAEC-PAD system (high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection). Preparative ion exchange chromatography permits the isolation of purified oligomers, which can be well-characterised using the methods described above. Molecular size can be confirmed by use of mass spectrometry. These vaccines are semi-synthetic products and therefore their preparation involves several steps of chemical reaction, the detailed physicochemical characterisation of the oligosaccharide-components permits the consistent production of these well-defined glycoconjugate vaccines.
The Unifying Vision Process: Value beyond Traditional Decision Analysis in Multiple-Decision-Maker Environments (1992)

A new process for the application of decision analysis and other analytical methodologies, called the unifying vision process, can be very valuable in multiple-decision-maker environments. This process is valuable because it removes constraints on the analysis and increases the likelihood that the recommendations will be implemented. Its value is the consequence of establishing a unified vision or “sense of how the world works” among the multiple decision makers. The unified vision is not a compromise but a new, superordinate vision that encompasses the visions initially held by all of the decision makers. The establishment of a unified vision is enabled by the learning that occurs throughout the process.
Sequence analysis of cDNA coding for a major house dust mite allergen, Der p 1. Homology with cysteine proteases. (1988)

A cDNA clone coding for Der p 1, a major allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, has been sequenced. It codes for a 222 residue mature protein with a derived molecular weight of 25,371 and contains 1 potential N-glycosylation site. In addition, the cDNA appears to code for a 13 residue proregion, and an incomplete signal peptide. The deduced sequence shows a high degree of homology with animal and plant cysteine proteases, particularly in the region of the contact residues making up the active site. Southern analysis of genomic DNA indicates that the allergen is coded by a noncontiguous gene. These data will now facilitate epitope mapping studies.