gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lymphoma growth in vivo by combined treatment with hydroxyethyl starch deferoxamine conjugate and IgG monoclonal antibodies against the transferrin receptor. (1995)

Synergistic inhibition of hematopoietic tumor growth can be observed in vitro when the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) is used in combination with an IgG mAb against the anti-transferrin receptor antibody (ATRA). Our goal was to ascertain whether similar findings could be seen in vivo. A high molecular weight conjugate of deferoxamine, known as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) DFO or HES-DFO, was tested in conjunction with C2, a well-defined rat antimouse transferrin receptor mAb, against the 38C13 tumor in C3H/HeN mice. It was shown that while neither HES-DFO alone nor C2 alone produced consistent, significant inhibition of tumor growth, the combination of HES-DFO and C2 produced virtually complete inhibition of initial tumor outgrowth. The latter combination failed, however, to inhibit the growth of established tumors. It was then found that when C2 was used in conjunction with RL34, another IgG ATRA, the two ATRAS were themselves capable of causing synergistic inhibition of the growth of 38C13 in vitro. When the two IgG ATRAS were used together in vivo, regressions of established tumors were observed. Moreover, the addition of HES-DFO to the IgG ATRA pair then caused more frequent regressions. Although there was never any obvious toxicity seen with a single IgG ATRA, the use of the IgG ATRA pair was associated with sporadic mortality. In addition, although HES-DFO by itself was also not associated with any obvious toxicity, combined treatment with HES-DFO and a single ATRA resulted in death due to bacterial infection in about half of the mice after 10-15 days. Combined treatment with HES-DFO and the ATRA pair resulted in death attributed to infection in nearly all of the mice after 6 days. Thus, an iron deprivation treatment protocol with HES-DFO and IgG ATRAS produced both a significant antitumor effect and an increased risk of infection in a murine model system.
Synthesis, reactivity, and role of 4-vinylbenzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate as a monomer-iniferter in radical polymerization (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, reactivity, and role of 4-vinylbenzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate as a monomer-iniferter in radical polymerizationTakayuki Otsu, Keiji Yamashita, and Kazuichi TsudaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 2, 287–290Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00156a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00156a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ocular Surface Development and Gene Expression (2013)

The ocular surface-a continuous epithelial surface with regional specializations including the surface and glandular epithelia of the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal and meibomian glands connected by the overlying tear film-plays a central role in vision. Molecular and cellular events involved in embryonic development, postnatal maturation, and maintenance of the ocular surface are precisely regulated at the level of gene expression by a well-coordinated network of transcription factors. A thorough appreciation of the biological characteristics of the ocular surface in terms of its gene expression profiles and their regulation provides us with a valuable insight into the pathophysiology of various blinding disorders that disrupt the normal development, maturation, and/or maintenance of the ocular surface. This paper summarizes the current status of our knowledge related to the ocular surface development and gene expression and the contribution of different transcription factors to this process.
Flamel: A High-Level Hardware Compiler (1987)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a high-level hardware compiler called Flamel. Ordinary Pascal programs are used to define the behavior required of the hardware. Flamel undertakes to find parallelism in the program, so it can produce a fast-running implementation that meets a user-specified cost bound. A number of program transformations create sections of code with more parallel computations than the original program has. A novel feature of Flamel is a method for organizing the search for the transformations that best satisfy the goal. Another new algorithm is one for "expression height reduction": rewriting an ensemble of expressions using algebraic properties in order to compute the expressions faster. An implementation of Flamel has been completed. The output is a description of a datapath and a controller, and at a sufficient level of detail so that good area and execution time figures can be estimated. On a series of tests, Flamel produces implementations of programs that would run 22 to 200 times faster than an MC68000 running the same programs, if the clock cycles were the same. The tests also show that a wide range of time-area tradeoffs are produced by varying the area constraint.
Babbage, Charles (1791–1871) (1987)

Charles Babbage is rarely regarded as a major contributor to economic thought. His name is synonymous with the early origins of the computer, and he was an important figure in early nineteenth-century scientific circles. He was educated at Trinity College and Peterhouse, Cambridge, and while still a student started the Analytical Society with Herschel and Peacock, for reforming mathematics in Britain. His interest in mathematics was the foundation for his later contributions to science, economics and statistics. After Cambridge, Babbage moved to London, where he began his lifelong work on his analytical engine and became a leading participant in scientific circles. He joined the Royal Society and was a founding member of the Cambridge Philosophical Society and the Royal Astronomical Society. Later he was to be one of Newton’s illustrious successors in the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge. But he was also a radical if maverick intellectual and political critic. He wanted to see science reformed, to see British science play a leading part in theoretical advance, and to see this science related closely to applied technology. He also demanded a role for the state in providing support for science and university education, and for establishing a policy on technology. He wrote a controversial attack on the Royal Society, Reflections on the Decline of Science and Some of its Causes (1830), and was one of the founding trustees of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, with the purpose of bringing science and technology, from the provinces as well as the metropolis, into the forefront of culture and society.
Ectopic expression of prion protein (PrP) in T lymphocytes or hepatocytes of PrP knockout mice is insufficient to sustain prion replication (1999)

The cellular form of the Prion protein (PrPC) is necessary for prion replication in mice. To determine whether it is also sufficient, we expressed PrP under the control of various cell- or tissue-specific regulatory elements in PrP knockout mice. The interferon regulatory factor-1 promoter/Emu enhancer led to high PrP levels in the spleen and low PrP levels in the brain. Following i.p. scrapie inoculation, high prion titers were found in the spleen but not in the brain at 2 weeks and 6 months, showing that the lymphoreticular system by itself is competent to replicate prions. PrP expression directed by the Lck promoter resulted in high PrP levels on T lymphocytes only but, surprisingly, did not allow prion replication in the thymus, spleen, or brain following i.p. inoculation. A third transgenic line, which expressed PrP in the liver under the control of the albumin promoter/enhancer-albeit at low levels-also failed to replicate prions. These results show that expression of PrP alone is not sufficient to sustain prion replication and suggest that additional components are needed.
Halochromic Salts from Some Triarylmethylthioglycolic Acids1 (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalochromic Salts from Some Triarylmethylthioglycolic Acids1M. Gomberg and W. E. GordonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 1, 119–124Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01304a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01304a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variation in the Divalent Cation Requirements of Influenza A Virus N2 Neuraminidases (2003)

Influenza virus N2 neuraminidases were chromatographically purified from several vaccine candidate strains from 1957 to 1994. Enzymatic kinetic parameters and immunogenicity were tested for each strain. For each NA tested, with ionic strength held constant, Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) increased the initial rate of enzymatic activity. Earlier N2-NA strains had the highest initial velocity, V(max)/K(m) and V(max). There were significant differences among the influenza virus strains in enzymatic activity before and after addition of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+): V(max)/K(m) varied from 0.54 M(-1) s(-1) to 0.88 M(-1) s(-1) and V(max) varied from 2.45 s(-1) to 4.3 s(-1) before the addition of a divalent cation; and increased approximately 2-fold each of these kinetic parameters for each strain after the addition of exogenous Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). Exhaustive dialysis with EDTA reduced the initial velocity of each strain with significant differences found among strains, with a range of 0.1% to 8% of original activity. Activity was partially restored by the addition of exogenous Ca(2+) or Mg(2+), varying from 8% to 60% of pre-dialysis levels, but original rates were not achieved. This reduction in enzymatic activity for the tested strains (i.e., A/Japan/57 and A/Johannesburg/94) was accompanied by a parallel decrease in NA-immunogenicity, with antibody response decreasing by as much as 76% as measured by NI titer, and ELISA titer decreasing by as much as 68%. The addition of Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) to the post-dialysis sample restored immunogenicity to as much as 80% of pre-dialysis NI titers and as much as 78% of pre-dialysis ELISA titers. Dialysis had the least effect on early strains as measured by enzymatic kinetic parameters and immunogenicity studies. Zn(2+) had a slight inhibitory effect on the activity of all tested strains. Review of the nucleic acid sequence of each of these strains could not predict their enzymatic activity, immunogenicity or response to dialysis. If immunity against neuraminidase is desirable in vaccination against influenza, selection of vaccine candidate strains must include not only analysis of antigenic changes and sequence analysis but also enzymatic studies and determination of the requirement of divalent cations to maintain immunogenicity and activity during production.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Event State Publication (2004)

This document describes an extension to the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) for publishing event state used within the SIP Events
framework. The first application of this extension is for the
publication of presence information. The mechanism described in this
document can be extended to support publication of any event state for
which there exists an appropriate event package. It is not intended to
be a general-purpose mechanism for transport of arbitrary data, as
there are better-suited mechanisms for this purpose. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Vocal cord adduction during vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of epilepsy (2000)

Left vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was shown to reduce median seizure frequency by more than 50% in approximately 35 to 43% of patients with medically refractory partial seizures.1–3 VNS has been approved for use in the United States and in Europe as an adjunctive therapy in adults and adolescents older than 12 years of age with medically refractory partial onset seizures.4 Since 1988, approximately 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with VNS.

The stimulating electrodes are connected subcutaneously to a pulse generator in the left chest cavity. They deliver electrical stimuli bidirectionally to the left vagal nerve in the neck. Stimulation-related side effects are common and include voice alteration (as much as 66%), coughing (45%), pharyngitis (35%), throat pain (28%), and dyspnea (25%).1 These symptoms are mild or moderate in most cases and do not require a reduction in stimulation. Severe side effects or complications are rare.

In our clinic, VNS has been performed in three patients with medically refractory epilepsy since March 1999. One patient experienced a strong stimulation-related dyspnea at day …
Enhancing immunogenicity by CpG DNA. (2003)

Bacterial DNA and oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA) can stimulate immune responses and have potential for use as novel agents to enhance immunogenicity. CpG DNA can interact with toll-like receptor 9 and cause activation through a myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD88)-dependent signaling pathway. Due to its pattern of immune cell activation, CpG DNA can induce a cytokine milieu to promote T-helper cell responses and serve as an adjuvant. Furthermore, CpG DNA can provide protection against pathogens in animal models and has therapeutic applications in clinical settings such as in cancer and allergy.
p75 neurotrophin receptor regulates tissue fibrosis through inhibition of plasminogen activation via a PDE4/cAMP/PKA pathway (2007)

Clearance of fibrin through proteolytic degradation is a critical step of matrix remodeling that contributes to tissue repair in a variety of pathological conditions, such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrin deposition are not known. Here, we report that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a TNF receptor superfamily member up-regulated after tissue injury, blocks fibrinolysis by down-regulating the serine protease, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and up-regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We have discovered a new mechanism in which phosphodiesterase PDE4A4/5 interacts with p75NTR to enhance cAMP degradation. The p75NTR-dependent down-regulation of cAMP results in a decrease in extracellular proteolytic activity. This mechanism is supported in vivo in p75NTR-deficient mice, which show increased proteolysis after sciatic nerve injury and lung fibrosis. Our results reveal a novel pathogenic mechanism by which p75NTR regulates degradation of cAMP and perpetuates scar formation after injury.
Mechanism for stamp collapse in soft lithography (2005)

Mechanical collapse of recessed features of relief on elastomeric elements for soft lithography represents an important phenomena for this lithographic technology. By comparing computed and measured shapes of partially collapsed structures, we show that the dominant mechanism for collapse is surface adhesion between the elastomer and substrate, for typical materials and processing conditions. In particular, the shapes obtained using models that account for surface adhesion agree well with the experimentally measured shapes. Electrostatic forces may contribute to this process, but they do not dominate. The weight of the elastomer has essentially no effect.
Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. IX. 5,6‐dihydro‐7H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]benzodiazepin‐6‐one (1980)

Abstract The reaction of amino derivative I with bromoacetyl bromide led to the formation of a complex mixture from which, in addition to the title compound, which was formed in low yield, compounds III, IV and VI were separated. Pyrrolo[1,2‐ d ][1,4]benzodiazepine V was obtained in 85% yield when the bromoamide III was treated with an equimolar amount of potassium t ‐butoxide.
Fine-grained polysilicon films with built-in tensile strain (1988)

Novel processing conditions and strain diagnostic structures are used to demonstrate that polysilicon films with built-in tensile-strain can be achieved and that any physical size limitations due to compressive-buckling in polysilicon micromechanical structures can be eliminated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
H3 Stalk-Based Chimeric Hemagglutinin Influenza Virus Constructs Protect Mice from H7N9 Challenge (2013)

The recent outbreak of H7N9 influenza virus infections in humans in China has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of this strain. Here, we test the efficacy of H3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin universal influenza virus vaccine constructs to protect against H7N9 challenge in mice. Chimeric hemagglutinin constructs protected from viral challenge in the context of different administration routes as well as with a generic oil-in-water adjuvant similar to formulations licensed for use in humans.
Pharmacologic Activation of the Innate Immune System to Prevent Respiratory Viral Infections (2010)

Drugs that can rapidly inhibit respiratory infection from influenza or other respiratory pathogens are needed. One approach is to engage primary innate immune defenses against viral infection, such as activating the IFN pathway. In this study, we report that a small, cell-permeable compound called 5,6-di-methylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) can induce protection against vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro and H1N1 influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo through innate immune activation. Using the mouse C10 bronchial epithelial cell line and primary cultures of nasal epithelial cells, we demonstrate DMXAA activates the IFN regulatory factor-3 pathway leading to production of IFN-β and subsequent high-level induction of IFN-β-dependent proteins, such as myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). Mice treated with DMXAA intranasally elevate mRNA/protein expression of Mx1 and OAS1 in the nasal mucosa, trachea, and lung. When challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of H1N1 influenza A virus, DMXAA reduced viral titers in the lungs and protected 80% of mice from death, even when given at 24 hours before infection. These data show that agents, like DMXAA, that can directly activate innate immune pathways, such as the IFN regulatory factor-3/IFN-β system, in respiratory epithelial cells can be used to protect from influenza pneumonia and potentially in other respiratory viral infections. Development of this approach in humans could be valuable for protecting health care professionals and "first responders" in the early stages of viral pandemics or bioterror attacks.
Safety, Efficacy, and Performance of Implanted Recycled Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM) Devices in Underprivileged Patients (2011)

Our case series is the longest follow-up of recipients of recycled antemortem CRM devices. Our findings support the feasibility and safety of this alternative acquisition of life-saving technology.
Nuclear Factor-κB Modulates the p53 Response in Neurons Exposed to DNA Damage (2004)

Previous studies have shown that DNA damage-evoked death of primary cortical neurons occurs in a p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase-dependent (CDK) manner. The manner by which these signals modulate death is unclear. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a group of transcription factors that potentially interact with these pathways. Presently, we show that NF-kappaB is activated shortly after induction of DNA damage in a manner independent of the classic IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation pathway, CDKs, ATM, and p53. Acute inhibition of NF-kappaB via expression of a stable IkappaB mutant, downregulation of the p65 NF-kappaB subunit by RNA interference (RNAi), or pharmacological NF-kappaB inhibitors significantly protected against DNA damage-induced neuronal death. NF-kappaB inhibition also reduced p53 transcripts and p53 activity as measured by the p53-inducible messages, Puma and Noxa, implicating the p53 tumor suppressor in the mechanism of NF-kappaB-mediated neuronal death. Importantly, p53 expression still induces death in the presence of NF-kappaB inhibition, indicating that p53 acts downstream of NF-kappaB. Interestingly, neurons cultured from p65 or p50 NF-kappaB-deficient mice were not resistant to death and did not show diminished p53 activity, suggesting compensatory processes attributable to germline deficiencies, which allow p53 activation still to occur. In contrast to acute NF-kappaB inhibition, prolonged NF-kappaB inhibition caused neuronal death in the absence of DNA damage. These results uniquely define a signaling paradigm by which NF-kappaB serves both an acute p53-dependent pro-apoptotic function in the presence of DNA damage and an anti-apoptotic function in untreated normal neurons.
Decreased Vagal Control Over Heart Rate in Rats With Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure-Downregulation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase- (2005)

Both pre-and post-ganglionic vagal nerve functions are diminished in CHF rats, whereas M2 receptor-mediated regulation of the SA node is upregulated. Downregulation of nNOS may be involved in this parasympathetic withdrawal.
Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and a mirror migration (2010)

This paper focuses on marine receiver deghosting. This step of processing has received renewed interest in recent years because it is a key point in increasing the bandwidth of the final images. Morever, any non‐conventional marine acquisition method, such as over‐under streamers, dual‐sensor streamers or variable‐depth streamers, requires its own receiver deghosting method. I will adress the deghosting problem from a novel viewpoint, which leads to a deghosting method adapted to any acquisition method. This deghosting method is optimal in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio because it is not performed as a preprocessing stage. It is true amplitude, being able to extract the true deghosted reflectivity, that is the reflectivity that would have been obtained should the water surface be not reflecting. The principle of this method is to perform a migration together with a mirror migration, and to perform a joint deconvolution of these two images. The proposed method is illustrated on a synthetic and a real data example with a variable‐depth streamer acquisition.