gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminoguanidine Prevents the Decreased Myocardial Compliance Produced by Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats (1996)

These results demonstrate that diabetes mellitus can produce a stiff myocardium before the development of myocardial fibrosis. The stiff myocardium in the early stages of the development of the cardiomyopathy of diabetes mellitus is not a consequence of an increase in ventricular resistance afterload and in these circumstances is associated with the formation of collagen AGEs.
Somatic mitochondrial mutation in gastric cancer. (1995)

Likely hot spots for mutations are mitochondrial sequences as there is less repair and more damage by carcinogens compared with nuclear sequences. A somatic 50-bp mitochondrial D-loop deletion was detected in four gastric adenocarcinomas. The deletion included the CSB2 region and was flanked by 9-bp direct repeats. The deletion was more frequent in adenocarcinomas arising from the gastroesophageal junction (4/32, 12.5%) compared with more distal tumors (0/45). Topographical analysis revealed the absence of the deletion from normal tissues except in focal portions of smooth muscle in one case. In two cases, apparent mutant homoplasmy was present throughout two tumors, including their metastases. In the two other cases, the mutation was present in only minor focal portions ( < 5%) of their primary tumors. These findings document the presence of somatic mitochondrial alterations in gastric cancer, which may reflect the environmental and genetic influences operative during tumor progression.
Generation and immunohistological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies to mammary carcinoma cells. (1985)

The purpose of this study was to identify human antibodies generated against autologous breast tumor cells by the host's immune response. Accordingly, lymphocytes from lymph nodes of seven different patients with metastatic breast carcinomas were immortalized by fusing them with a nonsecreting variant of murine myeloma cells. The screening for binding of antibodies to tumor cells was performed by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the autologous tumor. The selected hybrid cells, after being cloned three times, were stable for the secretion of immunoglobulins for over 2 years. A total of 81 human immunoglobulin-producing clones was obtained from an initial 595 wells with hybrid growth. Nine of these clones produced immunoglobulin M, none of which showed detectable binding to tissue antigens in breast. Seventy-two clones produced immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies, and 15 of these showed preferential binding to breast carcinoma cells. Three of these immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibodies were subjected to detailed immunohistological evaluations. Using these antibodies at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/tissue section, the morphologically normal mammary epithelial cells could be discriminated from their malignant counterparts. The antibodies showed diffuse staining of cytoplasmic components in the malignant counterparts. Under these conditions, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and stromal cells in breast tissues were unstained. The antibodies showed variable reactivity with malignant epithelial cells of colon and stomach, and with normal epithelial cells lining the renal tubules and sebaceous glands in skin. Antigenic heterogeneity of malignant mammary epithelial cells was revealed. The antibodies may have value in the characterization of tumor-associated antigens responsible for inducing autologous immune responses.
Culture of Avian Embryos (2003)

One of the virtues of using avian embryos for experimentally analyzing early developmental events is the ease with which they can be cultured and subsequently manipulated and observed. Gastrula- and neurula-stage avian embryos can be cultured for 24–48 h on their vitelline membranes (acellular membranes enclosing the embryo and the yolk), which are stretched over a glass ring placed on an egg-agar substrate. Their development occurs similarly to that of embryos developing in ovo, yet unlike in ovo, embryos are fully accessible for experimentation. This method of cultivation on the vitelline membranes/egg-agar substrate, called New culture, was developed by Denis New in 1955 (), and its usefulness has not been surpassed in the more than 40 yr since its inception (). New culture provides an ideal system for experiments involving grafting of tissues from one embryo to another, microinjection of dyes or drugs, time-lapse video recording, and where superior development is required from cultured embryos during the first 2 d of incubation. Blastoderm expansion occurs essentially normally in New culture until the blastoderm comes in contact with the encircling ring. Optimal stages for starting New cultures are between the pregastrula and 7-somite stage (HH [refs. and ] stages 1–9), with the optimum time of development in culture without degeneration of some tissues being approx 24 h or development to about 22 somites (HH stage 14), whichever comes first. Differentiation of some tissues will continue well beyond this time. Whole-egg culture plates should be used for pregastrula stage embryos (HH stages 1–2), and agar-albumen culture plates should be used for later stages (HH stages 3–9) to optimize development (see below and Note 1).
Vancomycin‐Dependent Response in Live Drug‐Resistant Bacteria by Metabolic Labeling (2017)

The surge in drug-resistant bacterial infections threatens to overburden healthcare systems worldwide. Bacterial cell walls are essential to bacteria, thus making them unique targets for the development of antibiotics. We describe a cellular reporter to directly monitor the phenotypic switch in drug-resistant bacteria with temporal resolution. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) escape the bactericidal action of vancomycin by chemically modifying their cell-wall precursors. A synthetic cell-wall analogue was developed to hijack the biosynthetic rewiring of drug-resistant cells in response to antibiotics. Our study provides the first in vivo VanX reporter agent that responds to cell-wall alteration in drug-resistant bacteria. Cellular reporters that reveal mechanisms related to antibiotic resistance can potentially have a significant impact on the fundamental understanding of cellular adaption to antibiotics.
Microwave-Assisted Decarboxylation of Sodium Oleate and Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuel Production (2013)

The carboxyl terminal of sodium oleate has a stronger polarity than that of oleic acid;this terminal is more likely to be dipole polarized and ionically conductive in a microwave field.Sodium oleate was used as the model compound to study the decarboxylation of oleic acid leading to hydrocarbon formation via microwave-assisted pyrolysis technology.The pyrolysis gas,liquid,and solid products were precisely analyzed to deduce the mechanism for decarboxylation of sodium oleate.Microwave energy was able to selectively heat the carboxyl terminal of sodium oleate.During decarboxylation,the double bond in the long hydrocarbon chain formed a p-πconjugated system with the carbanion intermediate.The resulting p-πconjugated system was more stable and beneficial to the pyrolysis reaction(decarboxylation,terminal allylation,isomerization,and aromatization).The physical properties of pyrolysis liquid were generally similar to those of diesel fuel,thereby demonstrating the possible use of microwaves for controlling the decarboxylation of sodium oleate in order to manufacture renewable hydrocarbon fuels.
Long-term T cell memory requires the surface expression of self-peptide/major histocompatibility complex molecules (1998)

How memory T cells are maintained in vivo is poorly understood. To address this problem, a male-specific peptide (H-Y) was identified and used to activate female anti-H-Y T cells in vitro. Anti-H-Y T cells survived in vivo for at least 70 days in the absence of antigen. This persistence was not because of the intrinsic ability of memory T cells to survive in vivo. Instead, the survival and function of adoptively transferred memory cells was found to require transporter of antigen protein 1-dependent expression of self-peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in recipient animals. Therefore, it appears that the level of T cell receptor engagement provided by transporter of antigen protein 1-dependent, self-peptide/major histocompatibility complexes is sufficient to maintain the long-term survival and functional phenotype of memory cells in the absence of persistent antigen. These data suggest that positive selection plays a role not only in T cell development but also in the maintenance of T cell memory.
Social Media's Changing Legal Landscape Provides Cautionary Tales of “Pinterest” to Sport Marketers (2014)

The article focuses on the use of social media platforms of sport marketers in navigating potential legal traps. It discusses judicial decisions concerning social media platforms including the account of marketing vice president for a major basketball team in the business-oriented social network service LinkedIn, Twitter accounts of the founders of the XYZ Marketing Inc., and a Facebook account of an athletic director.c
The ultrastructural localization of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 (1996)

Murine monoclonal and polyclonal antisera, raised against the 38 kDa subunit of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5, were used to investigate the tissue distribution of the antigen in hydatid cysts. Immunoreactivity was visualized by indirect immunofluorescence on whole protoscoleces, and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry utilizing colloidal gold-based labelling procedures on unsectioned and cryosectioned brood capsules and protoscoleces. In protoscoleces, the 38 kDa subunit of antigen 5 was localized at the interface of parenchymal cells and associated extracellular matrices, as well as along the interface of the tegumentary syncytium in the somal region and its basal matrix. Cytoplasmic labelling of parenchymal cells was rare; when observed, it was associated with vesicles and membranes in cytoplasmic extensions of parenchymal cells. In brood capsules, the antigen was associated with the external face of the plasma of degenerating parenchymal cells. The 38 kDa subunit occurs along the extracellular face of cell membranes, suggesting that antigen 5 is either a component of the membranes or associated extracellular matrices.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Cellobiohydrolase II from Trichoderma reesei (1990)

The enzymatic degradation of cellulose is an important process, both ecologically and commercially. The three-dimensional structure of a cellulase, the enzymatic core of CBHII from the fungus Trichoderma reesei reveals an alpha-beta protein with a fold similar to but different from the widely occurring barrel topology first observed in triose phosphate isomerase. The active site of CBHII is located at the carboxyl-terminal end of a parallel beta barrel, in an enclosed tunnel through which the cellulose threads. Two aspartic acid residues, located in the center of the tunnel are the probable catalytic residues.
Nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE3 gene encoding C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase. (1986)

The sequence of a cloned copy of the yeast ADE3 gene, which encodes the trifunctional enzyme C1-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (THF) synthase, was determined. Yeast cells transformed with a multicopy yeast plasmid containing this ADE3 gene overexpress C1-THF synthase 20-60-fold relative to wild-type yeast cells. C1-THF synthase from transformed cells is identical with that isolated from wild-type cells by all the criteria tested. The translated DNA sequence and amino-terminal protein sequences are identical and the amino acid composition predicted from the DNA sequence agrees closely with that determined by hydrolysis of C1-THF synthase protein. Correlation of the genetic map of the ADE3 region and of proteolysis experiments with the protein sequence suggests locations for two functional domains within yeast C1-THF synthase. The sequence of C1-THF synthase does not appear to be homologous to any other sequenced protein, including other proteins that use folate substrates. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the ADE3 gene suggest initiation and termination signals similar to transcription signals associated with other yeast genes. No special regulatory features have been associated with the ADE3 sequence. An unusual open reading frame that is encoded by a very unbiased set of codons follows the ADE3 gene.
T-Cell Responses to the M3 Immune Evasion Protein of Murid Gammaherpesvirus 68 Are Partially Protective and Induced with Lytic Antigen Kinetics (2004)

DNA vaccination with the M3 gene, encoding an immune evasion molecule expressed during both the acute lytic and persistent phases of murid gammaherpesvirus 68 infection, yielded a significantly lower titer of virus in the lung than controls. The protection seen was dependent on T cells, and we mapped an epitope recognized by CD8 T cells. The immune response to this epitope follows the same kinetics as lytic cycle antigens, despite the fact that this gene is expressed in both lytic and persistent stages of infection. This has important implications for our understanding of T-cell responses to putative latency-associated gammaherpesvirus proteins and how vaccination may improve control of these viruses.
User cooperation diversity-part I: system description (2003)

Mobile users' data rate and quality of service are limited by the fact that, within the duration of any given call, they experience severe variations in signal attenuation, thereby necessitating the use of some type of diversity. In this two-part paper, we propose a new form of spatial diversity, in which diversity gains are achieved via the cooperation of mobile users. Part I describes the user cooperation strategy, while Part II (see ibid., p.1939-48) focuses on implementation issues and performance analysis. Results show that, even though the interuser channel is noisy, cooperation leads not only to an increase in capacity for both users but also to a more robust system, where users' achievable rates are less susceptible to channel variations.
Capillary Optode: Determination of Mercury(II) in Aqueous Solution (1999)

ABSTRACT A capillary optode for determination of mercury(II) in aqueous solution has been developed. The sensors are composed of the capillary glass tubes with a chemically sensitive coating on the inner surface, consisting of a 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR) and Nafion® composite thin film. When a sample solution is passed through a capillary tube, the mercury(II) ions forms complexes with the immobilised TAR resulting in a change of the colour of the inner surface of the capillary which, in turn, can be monitored spectrophotometrically. The characteristics of these sensors including effect of flow-rate and pH, reproducibility, sensitivity, linear range, life time and selectivity are discussed.
Sleep Fragmentation, Awake Blood Pressure, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in a Population-based Study (2000)

Arousal from sleep produces transient increases in systemic blood pressure, leading to the suggestion that repeated arousals are associated with a sustained increase in daytime blood pressure. Using data from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, a population-based study, we tested the hypothesis that sleep fragmentation is associated with elevated awake blood pressure. Sleep, breathing, and seated blood pressure measurements from 1,021 participants (age 42 +/- 8 yr; 590 males) were analyzed. Sleep fragmentation was defined as the total number of awakenings and shifts to Stage 1 sleep divided by the total sleep time (sleep fragmentation index: SFI). To reduce the confounding influence of sleep-disordered breathing, which is related to both increased daytime blood pressure and sleep fragmentation, all participants with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 1 were analyzed separately. Accounting for the influences of sex, age, body mass index, and antihypertensive medication use, the SFI was significantly associated with higher levels of awake systolic blood pressure in people with an AHI < 1; a 2 standard deviation increase in the SFI was associated with a 3.1 mm Hg rise in awake systolic blood pressure. In participants with an AHI > or = 1, there was no independent association between the SFI and awake blood pressure after controlling for the influence of the AHI.
Control, Computing and Communications: Technologies for the Twenty-First Century Model T (2007)

In the early twentieth century, the Model T Ford defined the desirable, affordable automobile, enabled by new technologies in mechanics, materials, and manufacturing. Control, computing, communications, and the underlying software are the technologies that will shape the personal mobility experience of the twenty-first century. While the Model T was self-contained, the external reach of wireless communication technologies will define the boundaries of the twenty-first century automobile, which will be only one component in a large intelligent transportation infrastructure. This paper reviews advances in control for safety, fuel economy and reduction of tailpipe emissions, and new directions in computing, communication and software, including the interaction of the automobile with consumer electronic devices and the intelligent transportation infrastructure
Uncertainty analysis on number of fatalities in building fires (2011)

A probabilistic ASET (Available Safe Egress Time)/RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) timeline assessment approach is presented to make uncertainty analysis on number of fatalities in building fires. ASET and RSET are achieved as two dependent random variables with consideration of uncertainties of fire dynamics and human behaviors. When analyzing stochastic ASET, uncertainty of design fires is considered by coupling Monte Carlo simulation with two-zone fire model. When analyzing stochastic RSET, uncertainty of fire detection and alarm time is considered by coupling fire model and Monte Carlo simulation. Occupant pre-movement time is proposed as probability distribution. The interdependency between ASET and RSET is considered in the analysis process by lognormal fire growth rates. To demonstrate the approach, a case study is discussed.
Abrogation of oncogene-associated apoptosis allows transformation of p53-deficient cells. (1994)

p53-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used to establish a direct mechanism of tumor suppression by p53 involving the destruction of oncogene-expressing cells by apoptosis. The absence of p53 enhanced cell growth, appeared sufficient for immortalization, and allowed a single oncogene [adenovirus early region 1A (E1A)] to transform cells to a tumorigenic state. p53 suppressed transformation of E1A-expressing cells by apoptosis. Apoptosis was associated with p53 stabilization and was triggered by environmental signals that normally suppress cell growth. Absence of even a single p53 allele significantly enhanced cell growth and survival. Although abrogation of apoptosis allowed transformation by E1A alone, escape from apoptosis susceptibility was not a prerequisite for tumor growth. Consequently, p53 mutation could enhance the survival of malignant cells expressing oncogenes activated early in tumor progression.
A Novel Snake Venom Disintegrin That Inhibits Human Ovarian Cancer Dissemination and Angiogenesis in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model (2001)

OVCAR-5 is a human epithelial carcinoma cell line of the ovary, established from the ascitic fluid of a patient with progressive ovarian adenocarcinoma without prior cytotoxic treatment. The unique growth pattern of ovarian carcinoma makes it an ideal model for examining the anticancer activity of contortrostatin (CN), a homodimeric disintegrin from southern copperhead venom. FACS analysis revealed that OVCAR-5 is integrin alphavbeta3 negative, but alphavbeta5 positive. CN effectively blocks the adhesion of OVCAR-5 cells to several extracellular matrix proteins and inhibits tumor cell invasion through an artificial basement membrane. In a xenograft nude mouse model with intraperitoneal introduction of OVCAR-5 cells, intraperitoneal injection of CN was used for therapy. Tumor dissemination in CN-treated versus control groups was studied by gross examination, and antiangiogenic potential was examined by factor VIII immunohistochemistry and image analysis. CN not only significantly inhibited ovarian cancer dissemination in the nude mouse model, but it also dramatically prevented the recruitment of blood vessels to tumors at secondary sites.
Glass-Ceramic Sealants for Planar IT-SOFC: A Bilayered Approach for Joining Electrolyte and Metallic Interconnect (2008)

To develop suitable sealants for planar anode-supported intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) operating at around , several glass-ceramic compositions based on the system have been prepared and investigated. Thermal, chemical, and electrical properties of the glass ceramics along with crystallization behavior and bonding characteristics of parent glasses with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and ferritic steel-based interconnect Crofer22APU are studied. The glass transition temperatures of the developed glasses are within . By varying the alkaline-earth metal content, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values can be tailored between that of YSZ and Crofer22APU. Based on the crystallization behavior, a single glass seal having matching CTE with Crofer22APU and a bilayer glass seal having different CTE values within the range of are found to be effective for metal–metal and metal–electrolyte sealing, respectively. The electrical resistivities of the sealants are quite high , and under sandwiched condition between two metals, the developed glasses are found to maintain this high resistivity even after of operation. A low helium leak rate value has been observed for most of the developed glasses.
Overdrev - fra ekstensivt landbrug til intensiv natur? (2013)

Overdrev er maske den begrebsmaessigt mest problematiske landskabsbetegnelse, som vi har i Danmark, da den daekker over forskellige betydninger og benyttes om forskellige landskaber. Overdrev betyder noget forskelligt fra periode til periode, fra egn til egn og fra faggren til faggren. Ikke mindst historikere og landskabsforvaltere har haft svaert ved at kommunikere, da de forstar overdrev som noget meget forskelligt. Artiklen folger betydningerne af begrebet overdrev og udbredelserne af disse fra midten af 1700-tallet op til i dag og diskuterer problemstillingerne ved begrebsforvirringen og den til tider problematiske brug af historien inden for natur- og fredningsdebatten i dag.